omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Patrónite. Patrónite is the vanadium sulfide mineral with formula VS4.  The material is usually described as V4+(S22−)2.  Structurally, it is a "linear-chain" compound with alternating bonding and nonbonding contacts between the vanadium centers.  The vanadium is octa-coordinated, which is an uncommon geometry for this metal.

The mineral was first described in 1906 for an occurrence in the Minas Ragra vanadium mine near Junín, Cerro de Pasco, Peru. It was named for Peruvian metallurgist Antenor Rizo-Patron (1866–1948) the discoverer of the deposit. At the type locality in Peru it occurs in fissures within a red shale likely derived from an asphaltum deposit. Associated minerals include, native sulfur, bravoite, pyrite, minasragrite, stanleyite, dwornikite, quartz and vanadium bearing lignite. It has also been reported from the Yushkinite gorge on the Middle Silova-Yakha River on the Paikhoi Range of the polar Urals of Russia and from the Tsumeb mine in Namibia.

References

Vanadium minerals
Sulfide minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Disulfides
Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. The ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) is an academic conference in the field of distributed computing organised annually by the Association for Computing Machinery (special interest groups SIGACT and SIGOPS).

Scope and related conferences
Work presented at PODC typically studies theoretical aspects of distributed computing, such as the design and analysis of distributed algorithms. The scope of PODC is similar to the scope of International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC), with the main difference being geographical: DISC is usually organized in European locations, while PODC has been traditionally held in North America. The Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing is presented alternately at PODC and at DISC.

Other closely related conferences include ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA), which – as the name suggests – puts more emphasis on parallel algorithms than distributed algorithms. PODC and SPAA have been co-located in 1998, 2005, and 2009.

Reputation and selectivity
PODC is often mentioned to be one of the top conferences in the field of distributed computing. In the 2007 Australian Ranking of ICT Conferences, PODC was the only conference in the field that received the highest ranking, "A+".

During the recent years 2004–2009, the number of regular papers submitted to PODC has fluctuated between 110 and 224 each year. Of these submissions, 27–40 papers have been accepted for presentation at the conference each year; acceptance rates for regular papers have been between 16% and 31%.

History
PODC was first organised on 18–20 August 1982, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. PODC was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference in 1996, 1999 and 2011.

Between 1982 and 2009, PODC was always held in a North American location – usually in the United States or Canada, and once in Mexico. In 2010, PODC was held in Europe for the first time in its history, and in the same year, its European sister conference DISC was organised in the United States for the first time in its history. PODC 2010 took place in Zürich, Switzerland, and DISC 2010 took place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Since 2000, a review of the PODC conference appears in the year-ending issue of the ACM SIGACT News Distributed Computing Column. The review is usually written by a member of the distributed computing research community.

See also
The list of distributed computing conferences contains other academic conferences in distributed computing.
The list of computer science conferences contains other academic conferences in computer science.

References

External links

PODC proceedings in ACM Digital Library.
PODC proceedings information in DBLP.

Recurring events established in 1982
1982 establishments in Canada
Distributed computing conferences
Theoretical computer science conferences
Association for Computing Machinery conferences
Greaker Industrier. Greaker Industrier AS was a Norwegian industrial company, which ran a paper mill in Sarpsborg, Norway.

It was founded by Cæsar Bang in 1905 as Greaker Cellulosefabrik. A 1972 bankrupt caused a slight reorganization, and the name Greaker Industrier was taken. In 1979 the company was acquired by M. Peterson & Søn. Its main product being greaseproof paper, it was separated from the packaging and solid board branches of M. Peterson & Søn in 1997 under the name Peterson Scanproof. In 2001 it was merged with an entity owned by Norske Skog Union to constitute the company Nordic Paper, placed under joint ownership of M. Peterson & Søn and Norske Skogindustrier. Both owners backed out of Nordic Paper in 2006.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1905
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1979
Pulp and paper companies of Norway
Companies based in Østfold
Defunct pulp and paper companies
1979 disestablishments in Norway
Norwegian companies established in 1905
Telesensory Systems. Telesensory Systems, Inc. (TSI) (later TeleSensory Corporation) was an American corporation that invented, designed, manufactured, and distributed technological aids for blind and low vision persons. TSI's products helped visually impaired people work independently  with computers and with ordinary printed materials.

History 
The Optacon, TSI's first product, was conceived by Electrical Engineering Professor John G. Linvill as a means for his blind daughter, Candy, to read ordinary print. The Optacon development, led by James C. Bliss, involved dozens of engineers and scientists at Stanford University and at Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) starting in 1962. Following the successful demonstration of a functional prototype in 1969, TSI was founded  in 1970 in Palo Alto, California, USA. TSI developed a line of products for blind people during the 1970s, and expanded into the low vision field in 1984.

TSI's products for blind people employed either tactile or auditory means of conveying information; its low vision products increased the size and contrast of printed material or computer screen images. Some TSI products consisted of software only, but most also needed custom electronics hardware.

For thirty-five years TSI provided electronic assistive devices to visually impaired persons worldwide. Concurrently computer technology improved and computer operating systems began to incorporate accessibility options such as speech screen readers or magnification for no cost. Having changed its name to "TeleSensory", the company shifted its focus to low visions products and stopped manufacturing blindness products in the early 1990s.

In March, 2005, TeleSensory, the former TSI, abruptly declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy and all its employees were escorted from the building.

In August, 2005,  InSiPhil (S) Pte Ltd. of Singapore purchased TeleSensory's intellectual property and remaining assets and resumed production of some of the low vision products under the name and logo of TeleSensory. As of early 2010, these products are available in 50 countries.

Selected products for blind people 

 Optacon, 1970 (tactile facsimile machine for reading ordinary print)
 Speech+ Calculator, 1975  (calculator with synthesized speech output)
 VERT, 1979 (speech output screen reader for computer access)
 VersaBraille, 1979 (personal computer with refreshable braille display)
 OsCar, an optical character recognition speech output reading machine

Selected products for visually impaired people 
 Vista (screen enlarger for computer access)
 Vantage (closed-circuit TV magnifier for print or images)
 Aladdin (video magnifier)
 PICO (handheld video magnifier)

References 

Blindness equipment
Assistive technology
Companies that filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2005
Companies that have filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy
A&D Company. is a Japanese company.

The company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan manufacturer of measurement equipment such as digital blood pressure monitors, scales for medical and home use, ultrasonic nebulizers, as well as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters for semiconductor manufacturing equipment and electron guns.  "A&D" stands for "analog and digital" and is represented without any spaces (i.e. "A&D" as opposed to "A & D".)

It was founded in 1977 by a group of 13 engineers who left Takeda Riken Industry Co., Ltd. (currently Advantest) in Japan and was first listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in March 2006 as symbol 7745.

References

External links 

Laboratory equipment manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Medical device manufacturers
Medical technology companies of Japan
Technology companies established in 1977
Japanese brands
Kaiserliche Werft Danzig 404. 

Numbers 404 and 405 were the sole two examples of a unique seaplane design produced for the flying service of the Imperial German Navy during the First World War. By 1917, the output of the major German seaplane manufacturers was taken up producing machines for front-line service. As a consequence, the only machines available for training purposes were those that had been made obsolete or which had been damaged and rebuilt. In order to provide modern trainers for the Navy, the Kaiserliche Werft Danzig undertook the design and construction of two brand-new seaplanes between March and June, unarmed two-seat biplanes. These machines were supplied to the naval base at Putzig along with a batch of four trainers of a different design, numbered 467–470.

Specifications

Notes

References
 
 
 

1910s German military trainer aircraft
404
Floatplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Epagogix. Epagogix is a UK-based company founded in 2003 that uses neural networks and analytical software to predict which movies will provide a good possibility of return on investments and which movie scripts or plots will be successful. It was featured in an article by Malcolm Gladwell in The New Yorker. It has also been featured in Super Crunchers, Ian Ayres' book about number analysis, in CIO magazine and in Kevin Slavin's TED talk.

The Epagogix system uses a "computer enhanced algorithm" which uses data from an archive of films which analysts have broken down into hundreds of categories or plot points, such as "love scene" or "car chase". A film's script is assigned scores for these categories by an Epagogix employee, and the scores fed into a computer algorithm which estimates how much that film might take at the box office, plus or minus around ten per cent. The software may also recommend script changes.

As part of a reported testing process, the Epagogix software predicted that the $50 million 2007 film Lucky You would "bomb" and take only $7 million. Upon release, the film took $6 million. The company also interpreted the software's analysis of Casablanca as considering it "gloomy, downbeat and too long".

References

External links
 Epagogix Official Website

Mass media companies of the United Kingdom
Iterative Receiver Design. Iterative Receiver Design is a 2007 engineering book by Henk Wymeersch published  by Cambridge University Press. The book provides a framework for developing iterative algorithms for digital receivers, exploiting the power of factor graphs.

Chapters 
 Introduction
 Digital communication
 Estimation theory and Monte Carlo techniques
 Factor graphs and the Sum-Product algorithm
 Statistical inference using factor graphs
 State-space models
 Factor graphs in digital communication
 Decoding
 Demapping
 Equalization: general formulation
 Equalization: single-user single-antenna communication
 Equalization: multi-antenna communication
 Equalization: multi-user communication
 Synchronization and channel estimation
 Appendices

References 

2007 non-fiction books
Electrical engineering books
Cambridge University Press books
M series. M series may refer to:

Technology

Computers
 M series (Apple silicon), a family of systems on a chip
 M series (computer), designed in the USSR
 Juniper M series, of routers
 ThinkCentre M series, of desktop computers
 Sony Vaio M series, of desktop and netbook computers

Mobile phones
 Samsung Galaxy M series
 Sony Ericsson M series
 Meizu M series

Transportation
 Bedford M series, a truck chassis
 Cummins M-series engine, a diesel engine for buses and trucks
 Dodge M-series chassis, a motorhome chassis
 M series (Toronto subway)
 Rover M-series engine, a line of 4-cylinder gasoline car engines
 Studebaker M-series truck
 TVR M series, a series of sports cars

Other uses
 M-series bayonet, for rifles
 Leica M series, a series of cameras
 QI (M series), the twelfth series of quiz show QI

See also
 M (disambiguation)
Kaiserliche Werft Danzig 467. 

Numbers 467 to 470 were four examples of a unique seaplane design produced for the flying service of the Imperial German Navy during the First World War. These four aircraft were the subject of an order by the Navy for trainer seaplanes for the base at Putzig, at a time when most trainers were merely obsolete front-line types.

Construction of these unarmed two-seat biplanes took place between October 1916 and March 1917., ahead of a separate order for two more machines of different design that had been assigned lower serial numbers by the Navy (404–405).

Specifications

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

1910s German military trainer aircraft
467
Floatplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Journal of Communications. Journal of Communications is a scholarly peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly, focusing on theories, systems, methods, algorithms, and applications in communications. It was initially published by Academy Publisher, based in Oulu, Finland, but since 2013 has been published by Engineering and Technology Publishing (ETP), of San Jose, California. ETP was listed on Beall's list before it was taken down in 2017.
 
The journal is indexed by Scopus, INSPEC, and Communication Abstracts.

References

Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Open access journals
Academic journals established in 2006
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Duolog. Duolog Technologies was an Irish-based company that developed electronic design automation tools that assist with the integration of complex system-on-Chip (SoC), ASIC and FPGA designs. In 2014, Duolog was acquired by Arm Holdings plc, a multinational semiconductor and software design company headquartered in Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Overview
Duolog was founded in 1999 and headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Duolog provided design services to semiconductor companies as well as developing semiconductor intellectual property cores (IP) for wireless technologies, including IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee. Duolog also developed software tools to assist in the integration of the system's various IP components. These tools were based on the IP-XACT industry standard.

See also 

 Vizlegal
 Steorn

References

External links
Official website

Electronic design automation companies
Technology companies of Ireland
Companies based in Dublin (city)
Soda pulping. Soda pulping is a chemical process for making wood pulp with sodium hydroxide as the cooking chemical. In the Soda-AQ process, anthraquinone (AQ) may be used as a pulping additive to decrease the carbohydrate degradation. The soda process gives pulp with lower tear strength than other chemical pulping processes (sulfite process and kraft process), but has still limited use for easily pulped materials like straw and some hardwoods.

History
A precursor to the soda pulping process was the paper making process developed by Matthias Koops in 1801 which involved washing wood shavings in limewater, adding soda crystals and then boiling the mixture. Soda pulping was one of the first chemical pulping methods and was invented in 1851 by Burgess (United States) and Watts (England). In France in 1852 Coupier and Mellier patented a soda process based on a 1851 invention the patent of which preceded that of Watt and Burgess, which was filed in 1854. The first mill was started in 1866 in the USA. In 1865 they patented a method for recovery of the cooking liquors by incineration of the spent liquor. Many of the early soda mills converted to kraft mills once it was discovered.

Production
Around 5%-10% of paper production worldwide is produced from agricultural crops, valuing agricultural paper production at between $5 billion and $10 billion. The most notable of these agricultural crops are wheat straw and bagasse.  Using agricultural crops rather than wood has the added advantage of reducing deforestation.

Due to the ease with which bagasse can be chemically pulped, bagasse requires less bleaching chemicals than wood pulp to achieve a bright, white sheet of paper.

Most chemical bagasse pulp mills concentrate the spent reaction chemicals and combust them to power the paper-mills and to recover the reaction chemicals.

As solution for silicate scaling
Many grasses, bagasse, bamboo and some tropical hardwoods contain much silicates that may cause sodium aluminum silicate scales. Moderate amounts of silicates can be controlled with purging lime mud or lime kiln ash. Silicate removal from green liquor in a soda  mill can be achieved by lowering the pH of the liquor with CO2-containing flue gases from the lime kiln or other sources. No commercial silicate removal system is available for the kraft process, but it can handle the small amounts of silicates from northern woods.

See also
Paper chemicals

References

Papermaking
Pulp and paper industry
Industrial processes
Chemical processes
Breydon Viaduct. Breydon Viaduct was a railway bridge across the River Yare near Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, that was built by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN).

History
Breydon Viaduct was built to cross the River Yare just downstream of Breydon Water and hence connect Yarmouth Beach station to the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway line from Yarmouth South Town railway station.  By doing so it gave passengers from the Midlands a direct link to Lowestoft.  The Engineer-in-Chief of the work was Alexander Ross, the Chief Engineer of the Great Northern Railway.  William E. Newman provided the mechanical and structural design and William Marriott acted as executive engineer.  The bridge was  long and consisted of five spans.  The second span from the south rotated about its midpoint in the manner of a swing bridge to leave two  passages for river traffic.  This section sat on a cast iron pivot which used  ball bearings which made the bridge so free running that it could be manually opened by just one person.

Work on the bridge began in 1899 and it was finished in 1903 at a total cost of £38,453. (equivalent to £ in ), It was the largest structure on the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway.  The bridge was successfully weight tested on 8 July 1903 with a train of heavy engines and it was opened shortly after.  The bridge was single track whilst the rest of the line was double track and so signal boxes were provided at each end.  River traffic on the Yare had priority over trains that wished to use the bridge.  The viaduct closed on 21 September 1953 prior to the rest of the MG&N line.  The tracks over the bridge remained in place for several years afterwards before the bridge was finally demolished in 1962.  At the time of its closure it was anticipated that major repairs would be required to keep it in service, although it was found to be in good condition when it was demolished.  The closure left Yarmouth Beach station a terminus until it was closed in 1959.  After its demolition the pilings remained in the river until the construction of Breydon Road Bridge in the late 1980s when they were removed.  The new road bridge followed the alignment of the rail viaduct and was a drawbridge which could open completely in 90 seconds; the rail bridge could take up to ten minutes to open in strong winds.

References 

Bridges completed in 1903
Buildings and structures demolished in 1962
Rail transport in Norfolk
Railway viaducts in Norfolk
Demolished bridges in England
Railway bridges in Norfolk
Great Yarmouth
Alexander Ross (engineer). Alexander Ross (20 April 1845 – 3 February 1923) was a British civil engineer particularly noted for his work with the railway industry.

Biography 
Ross was born in Laggan, County of Inverness in Scotland on 20 April 1845. He was educated in Aberdeen and at Owen's College in Manchester, an institution now a part of the University of Manchester. Ross began his career in railway engineering with the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR) before moving to the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in 1871.  In 1873 he went to work for the North Eastern Railway (NER) before returning to LNWR in the next year.  He changed employer again in 1884 when he went to work for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR) before becoming the Chief Engineer of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) in 1890.  During his time at MS&LR he was responsible for the design of many of the works involved with that company's London Extension.

In 1896 Ross became the Chief Engineer of the Great Northern Railway (GNR), a post he held until 1911 when he became an engineering consultant. During his time at GNR his advice was sought by the company's board on the locomotive design to be chosen for their no.1300 series of engines.  Several designs were rejected as they were judged to be too long or heavy for the rail infrastructure. Only one was built, and despite several attempts at redesign by Nigel Gresley the locomotive was scrapped in 1924. His works as an engineering consultant included the Hertford Loop Line and Breydon Viaduct, with Ross serving as the Engineer-in-Chief of the latter. On 16 June 1897 he was appointed Major in the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid unit of the Volunteer Force which provided technical advice to the British Army. He was a Lieutenant-Colonel in that corps at the time it joined the Territorial Force on 1 April 1908. He had been a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers since before 16 June 1897 and from November 1915 to November 1916 he served as their president. Ross died in London on 3 February 1923.

References

Bibliography 

        
        
        
        
        
        

1845 births
1923 deaths
Scottish civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps officers
Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) people
Innegra S. Innegra S is the brandname of Innegra Technologies LLC for a polyolefin (highly oriented; 90+% polypropylene).

History
Work on Innegra began in 2004.  A pilot production line was opened in Greer, SC in June 2006  

On July 11, 2006 the US Patent Office issued Innegrity LLC a patent entitled “Melt-spun polyolefin multifilament yarn formation processes and yarns formed therefrom".

Production
Innegra S is produced in several sizes noted by their denier.

Weaving
Innegra S yarn is woven by a number of third party weavers.  Innegra S can be woven alone, with carbon, fiberglass or other fibers to produce a hybrid fabric for the composites industry.

Applications

 Composites:
 sports & recreation – hockey sticks, tennis rackets, etc
 kayaks, stand up paddle boards, surf boards
 fiber reinforced concrete
 Automotive:
 Formula One
 Marine
 sail cloth 
 boat hull material
 kayak
 Protective Gear Ballistics: 
 protective clothing and helmets
 fabrics
 body armor
 helmet

See also

 Aramid
 Fibers
 Nylon
 Personal protective equipment
 Textile
 Ballistics

References

External links
 Innegrity website
 wikInnegra
 General Aramid information

Synthetic fibers
Brand name materials
Body armor
Protective gear