omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Arthur Huang. Arthur Huang (; born 1978) is a Taiwanese structural engineer and architect. In 2005, he established Miniwiz, an internationally operating company based in Taiwan, Singapore, Beijing and Milan, and dedicated to upcycling and consumer trash and industrial waste.

Early life and education 
Arthur Huang was born in Taiwan in 1978 and moved to the United States at age 11. Educated as an architect from Cornell University, armed with structural engineering knowledge. In Cornell University, Arthur was awarded the Charles Goodwin Sands Memorial Medal and academic leadership award for his work in design and technical performance.

Continuing his search for multi-disciplinary professional training, he graduated from Harvard University with a Master of Architecture degree in 2004 with special interest invested in green business development. At the age of 26, Huang taught as a full-time at Tunghai University Architecture Program in Taiwan for two years, and he subsequently continues his teaching as part-time assistant professor at National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan, lecturing in MBA, material engineering, and architecture design courses.

Career at Miniwiz 
During his teaching life, he was aware that there were many who spoke of environmental issues, but few who had developed appealing products. Hence, he established Miniwiz in March 2005, which was registered and located in Taipei, Taiwan. Miniwiz deals with post consumer recycling technology, built infrastructure and architectural solutions. Miniwiz has been challenging the existing linear supply chain by using post-consumer recycled materials for high performance applications, retail store interiors, factory campuses or consumer goods.

Notable works 
 2013 Area 13 – Taipei, Taiwan
 2013 Nike X158 Hyper Nature – Shanghai, China
 2012 Nike the Feather Pavilion – Beijing, China
 2011 EcoArk - Taipei, Taiwan

Awards and honors 
 2016 - Emerging Explorer, National Geographic
 2015 - Technology Pioneer, World Economic Forum
 2013 - IDEA GOLD Award, Chicago, USA
 2012 - Mayor Bloomberg's New York Venture Fellowship, New York, USA 
 2011 - Wall Street Journal Innovation Award, Hong Kong
 2011 - 40 under 40 Design Talent Award, Perspective, Asia

References

1978 births
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Living people
Taiwanese architects
Taiwanese chief executives
People from Taipei
Taiwanese expatriates in the United States
David Wendell. David Wendell is an associate professor at the University of Cincinnati.

Background
David Wendell studied at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles. Wendell's field of study is nanotechnology and his PhD focused on biomedical engineering.
	
In 2009, Wendell and a team of scientists from the University of Cincinnati undertook a research program that resulted in the successful development of an artificial pore. In September 2009, their subsequent paper, “Translocation of double-stranded DNA through membrane-adapted phi29 motor protein nanopores,” appeared in the Journal Nature Nanotechnology. The engineered channel has potential applications in nano-sensing, gene delivery, drug loading and DNA sequencing.

The researchers identified ways to take energy from the Sun, and carbon from the air to create new forms of bio-fuels. Their report, "Artificial Photosynthesis in Ranaspumin-2 Based Foam" was published in the journal Nano Letters, in March 2010.

Artificial Photosynthetic Foam
In 2010, David Wendell, as Research Assistant Professor, worked alongside student Jacob Todd and College of Engineering and Applied Science Dean Carlo Montemagno to create a new artificial photosynthetic material which uses plant, bacterial, frog and fungal enzymes, trapped within a foam housing, to produce sugars from sunlight and carbon dioxide, known as Artificial Photosynthetic Foam.

In August 2010, David Wendell was announced as one of six finalists for The Earth Awards - an annual competition for design and innovation with the potential to improve quality of life. He was later awarded the 50,000 USD Grand  Prize for The Earth Awards in London on September 16, 2010.

References

External links
David Wendell

Living people
University of Cincinnati faculty
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
ContractExpress. Contract Express is a document automation program designed and developed by the Legal Solutions arm of Thomson Reuters, a Canadian multinational mass media and information firm. Contract Express is available as a stand-alone app in a private or public cloud. Users of the product are typically law firms and corporations, such as Clifford Chance and Microsoft.

History
In 1999/2000, Logic Programming Associates  partnered with a small London law firm, Tarlo-Lyons, to bring some document assembly technology to market. They formed a new company called Business Integrity Ltd and the product, which was initially called DealBuilder, eventually became Contract Express. The full story is recounted by Clive Spenser, one of the original instigators.

In 2010, BIL launched contractexpress.com as described an interview with Ken Adams.

In 2015, Thomson Reuters acquired Business Integrity and the company became part of the Legal business of Thomson Reuters. The financial terms of the transaction were not disclosed.

Functionality
Contract Express template creation is conducted entirely within a Microsoft Word interface. As a Microsoft Word App, Contract Express Author integrates into the Microsoft Word ribbon, providing a familiar user experience for users. The add-in provides the ease and speed of automating complex legal documents without the complexity inherent in traditional document assembly tools. Further, generated documents automatically inherit their styling from the marked-up Word document without having to apply styles to each generated document.  Authors create a contract template using bracket-based markups to specify conditional text and variable fields for us in their customized templates.

Once published, other users can then manipulate the document using a pre-defined questionnaire to apply client specific details and preferences. Accordingly, the need for programming skills is removed; a basic knowledge of document mark-up is all that is required. It is notable that the field control used is derived from the conventions of traditional legal document mark-up, for example use of square brackets to indicate areas for document specific information.

The most recent version of the software is version 8.0, released in 2019. Contract Express provides users with an intuitive user interface, integrations with key legal software such as DocuSign for safe electronic signature  and NetDocuments for storage, and HighQ for client collaboration.

See also
 Document modelling

References

Further reading 
Lauristen, Mark. The Lawyer's Guide To Working Smarter With Knowledge Tools. American Bar Association. 
Susskind, Richard. The End Of Lawyers?. Oxford University Press.

External links
Thomson Reuters - Contract Express

Document management systems
Documents
SharePoint
Software companies of the United Kingdom
PowerFilm. PowerFilm, Inc. is a manufacturer of flexible thin film solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, or solar panels, based in Ames, Iowa and is a provider of solar products for industrial, consumer and military remote power applications. PowerFilm's amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film solar modules are both built into solar charger products as well as sold to OEM integrators.

Technology
CEO Frank Jeffrey summarizes PowerFilm technology for the podcast interview The Naked Scientists "The principal part of the solar cell itself in our cells is amorphous a silicon, which has an extremely high absorption coefficient so that we can have extremely thin semiconducting material that will still absorb a good portion of light.  That thin material, even though if it were thick like a crystalline wafer, it would break, in the same type structure when it’s thin enough becomes flexible and tends to bend rather than break.  So, that’s the key part, our basic absorber layer that absorbs the solar energy is only say, 5,000 angstroms thick.  So it’s quite thin and flexible and we put it on a thin film plastic substrate that is also flexible and adds mechanical support and strength to the solar component." Materials used in thin film absorb more light than traditional silicon cells and therefore can be made much thinner than crystalline cells (1 vs. 200 micrometres)

Season 25 Episode 1 (4/2/15) of How It's Made shows the manufacture of the PowerFilm panels.

History
 In 1983, thin film roll-to-roll solar cell research began at 3M.  Research physicists Dr. Frank Jeffrey and Dr. Derrick Grimmer left 3M and founded Iowa Thin Film Technologies which then engaged in a partnership with 3M and Iowa State University. 
 In 1988, Iowa Thin Film Technologies broke ties from 3M and the company began working in a Department of Energy lab in Ames, Iowa. 
 The company's first thin-film solar product was created in 1995. 
 In 1999, the company shipped thousands of solar panels due in large part to the "Y2K" scare. This resulted in the company's first profitable year. 
 2005: $3.2M contract announced to develop solar tent structures for the U.S. Army
 2007: Company goes public on the London stock exchange under the name PowerFilm, Inc. IPO ticker symbol PFLM 
 2008: Manufacturing plant expanded by 80,000 sq ft to accommodate additional production capability 
 2010: Japan launches IKAROS. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency used PowerFilm Inc. photovoltaic thin film in the world’s first solar sail powered deep space satellite.
 2012: U.S. Army makes $3M PowerFilm foldable solar panel purchase

Products
OEM thin film solar components
Foldable solar chargers
Rollable solar chargers
Military solar products
USB solar chargers

Awards
FLEXI Award 
 Prometheus 2010 Technology Company of the Year  
 Technology Association of Iowa Clean Tech Company of the Year

References

Renewable energy companies of the United States
Oskar von Miller Tower. The Oskar von Miller Tower () is a tower for meteorological measurements located in Garching, Germany. Built in 2007–2009, it is named after Oskar von Miller and operated by the Technical University of Munich.

A concrete structure surrounded by a coat of acrylic glass, the Oskar von Miller Tower has a height of 62 metres and carries measuring devices to all directions 5, 10, 20, 35 and 50 metres above ground. 1350 LEDs display the logo of the Technical University of Munich, while 3750 display the actual weather data. It replaced a guyed mast used for the same purpose on the area.

References 

Technical University of Munich
Towers in Germany
Towers completed in 2010
Garching bei München
China Railways DFH mainline locomotives. The China Railways DFH1 () was a type of 4-axle B'B' single-cab diesel-hydraulic locomotive used on mainline passenger services; the DFH3 () was a later development of a similar design but with two driving cabs.

The China Railways DFH4 () was a 6-axle high-powered freight and passenger locomotive, it did not reach mass production.

China Railways DFH1

The first prototype unit (NY1) (neiran yeli chuandong meaning diesel-hydraulic transmission) was produced in 1959 at Sifang locomotive works, and given the name 'Weixing'.
Locomotive design was similar to German diesel-hydraulic machines such as the DB Class V 200 - the machine had a pair of high-speed diesel engines, each driving a separate hydraulic torque converter based transmission resulting in low mass compared to contemporary diesel-electric machines.

Series production began in 1964. The locomotive was used for passenger trains. The locomotives could be worked in multiple, and were often used in this way, with a cab at each end. They operated on the Beijing Shenyang passenger trains.

China Railways DFH3
The DFH3 shares the same twin engine and twin hydraulic transmission as the DFH1 but is a two-cab design.

The production of the DFH3 follows on from the DFH1. The class were used on passenger trains in northeast China, by 2010 most had been displaced, and some are believed to being used in industrial service.

North Korea
Between 2000 and 2002, thirty second-hand DFH3 were imported by the Korean State Railway for operation in North Korea, numbered 내연901 to 내연930, although 내연903 is a Beijing class locomotive. Many are still in their original Chinese livery of blue and white, but some have been repainted into several different liveries, including the standard North Korean light blue over dark green, along with non-standard schemes of white over green, green with a yellow stripe, and green with a white stripe.

China Railways DFH4

The Qishuyan Ziyang Diesel locomotive works manufactured six locomotives of type DFH4 between 1969 and 1981. The first unit was produced in 1969 with an overall  machine with twin engine and hydraulic transmission. Two  machines were produced in 1971 and 1974. Between 1975 and 1981 the Ziyang plant investigated the manufacture of further locomotives using the 12V200ZJ engine.

Preserved locomotives
One unit, locomotive number DFH1 4290 is an exhibit at the Beijing China Railway Museum, all other units have been destroyed except DFH1 4222 which is believed to be at the locomotive museum in Shenyang. The Beijing museum also stores DFH3 0009.

See also
 China Railways DFH shunting locomotives, Contemporary Chinese diesel-hydraulic locomotives used primarily for shunting

References

DFH1
Locomotives of North Korea
Bo-Bo locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Railway locomotives introduced in 1959
CRRC Qingdao Sifang locomotives
CSR Ziyang Locomotive Co., Ltd. locomotives
Qishuyan locomotives
ČSD Class E 426.0. The locomotives of ČSD's Class E 426.0 (ČD's Class 113) are essentially ČSD Class E 458.0 locomotives redesigned to work from the 1500 V DC overhead wire electrification system. They are retained for use on line 202 from Tábor to Bechyně.

When delivered, the class E 426.0 locomotives ran at half the power of an E 458.0, reflecting the lower line voltage. During 1992, 113 002-0 was modified to allow parallel connection of the traction motors. This allowed operation at the full power rating (800 kW).  Locomotives 113 001-2 and 113 003-8 were similarly modified.  The remaining locomotive (113 004-6) has not been modified.

Similarly, as improvements were made to the locomotives (and their E 458.0/110 cousins), their maximum speed rating was improved from  to . The line speed on the route to Bechyně is restricted to .

The two remaining locomotives (113 005-3 and 113 006-1) are now used as 3000 V DC system locomotives. During 2004, they were renumbered as 110 205-2 and 110 206-0 respectively.

See also
List of České dráhy locomotive classes

References

External links 

 Czech and Slovak Railway Group in English

Škoda locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
1500 V DC locomotives
Electric locomotives of Czechoslovakia
Electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Railway locomotives introduced in 1973
Standard gauge locomotives of Czechoslovakia
Standard gauge locomotives of the Czech Republic

Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe
Pneumatic web guides. In the converting industry, a web is a continuous roll of a thin, flat material such as paper, film or plastic.  Web guiding systems use a sensor to monitor the position of a web as it enters a production process for lateral tracking.  Each type of web guide sensor has an actuator to shift the running web mechanically back on course whenever the sensor detects movement away from the set path.  Actuators may be pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, or some kind of electromechanical device. Because the web may be fragile — particularly at its edge — non-contact sensors are used.  

Sensors developed for Web Guiding applications in the Converting Industry may be pneumatic, photoelectric, ultrasonic, or infrared.  The system’s controls must process the output signals from the sensors in to a form that can drive an actuator.  Many controls today are electronic, typically using an amplifier to convert signals from the sensor, then commanding a special servo motor incorporating a lead or ball screw for guiding actuation.  Some electromechanical guiding systems also utilize computers.   

Pneumatic web guide systems are typically easier to install, operate and are less expensive than more complex hydraulic and electronic systems. Pneumatic servo controllers are considered explosion-proof, especially in dusty or contaminated environments.

Material-handling equipment
Ubee Interactive. Ubee Interactive manufactures and engineers fixed and mobile broadband customer premises equipment (CPE) for worldwide cable and telecommunications service providers. These service providers, also known as multiple system operators (MSOs), provision Ubee CPEs to their residential and commercial subscribers enabling broadband services such as data, voice, and video entertainment. Ubee's products include cable data modems, telephony (VoIP) and IPTV gateways, Wi-Fi gateways, and other mobile devices. As an early adopter of the DOCSIS standard in their equipment, Ubee became a major catalyst in the proliferation of this standard throughout the cable telecommunications industry.

Ubee has deployed over 40 million devices worldwide and is supported by offices in:
Europe: Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Asia: Hsinchu, Taiwan
The Americas: Englewood, Colorado (USA)

Ubee Interactive was formerly known as Ambit Microsystems until renamed in March 2009.

References

External links
 

1991 establishments in Taiwan
Telecommunications companies of Taiwan
Telecommunications companies established in 1991
Taiwanese brands
OE-Cake!. OE-Cake, OE-CAKE! or OE Cake is a 2D fluid physics sandbox application used to demonstrate the multi-physics simulation of the Octave Engine created by Prometech Software Inc. It was one of the first engines with the ability to realistically process water and other materials in real-time. In the program, which acts as a physics-based paint program, users can insert objects and see them interact under the laws of physics. It has advanced fluid simulation, and support for gases, rigid objects, elastic reactions, friction, weight, pressure, textured particles, copy-and-paste, transparency, foreground and background images, and easy file sharing.

OE-Cake was a casual/freeware version of the no-longer available PhysiCafe program marketed towards professional use, which was a Japanese language application utilizing the same engine.

The name OE-Cake comes from the name of the engine and the word "cake" loosely means "draw" in Japanese; its name therefore means "OctaveEngine Draw".

The developers of OE-Cake left Prometech Software Inc., and went on to form their own company, Phyzios Inc. They developed a web-app, Phyzios Studio, which lasted for a short time before being discontinued.

File format
OE-Cake uses the .OEC file format for saving scenes made using the program.
In OE-Cake version 1.1b, the file format was changed. Version 1.0b files can be opened with version 1.1.2b.
Version 1.1.2b files cannot be properly opened in version 1.0b.

OE-Cake files are stored in plaintext format, which makes them easy to share, small in size, and allows copying and pasting of particles and modify the behaviour of the engine.

OE-Cake supports changing of the Parameters that define the physics and other behaviours in the game. To change these parameters, open an OE-Cake save with a text editor, scroll to the bottom, and change the values of a variable to change the behaviour of the game.

References

Video game development software
Video game engines
Science software
Computer physics engines
STD Bus. The STD Bus is a computer bus that was used primarily for industrial control systems, but has also found applications in computing. The STD Bus has also been designated as STD-80, referring to its relation to the Zilog Z80 series microprocessors. The term STD is in reference to "standard", but several marketing terms were also promulgated, including simple to design, simple to debug, and swift to deliver.

Description
The STD Bus uses 6.5" by 4.5" expansion card with an edge connector with 56 pins. Many different types of cards have been available for the STD Bus, from processing cards, RAM cards, I/O cards, and specialized cards for various applications.

The use of the STD bus has declined. From the over one hundred manufacturers of components during its peak, vendor numbers have dwindled to under a dozen, but it is still used by hobbyists, manufacturers and in industrial applications.

Connector pin assignments
The STD Bus has a card edge connector with 56 contacts. The pin configuration is as follows. Flow is relative using an STD Bus processor card.

Applications
A focus of the STD bus was its ability to build a system using the exact bus cards required for an application.  The compact size of a card made the STD bus system more adaptable to various applications than the contemporary computer buses of the mid-1980s such as the S-100 and the SS-50, because it could use servo control cards along with a fully programmable computer for mathematical operations.

In applications for running an astronomical observatory, the large industrial base of cards, and the system's expandability, made the system desirable for use in a photometry lab to control the telescope as well as do the data logging and computations required.

In typical university laboratory settings of the mid - late 80's, STD bus data acquisition systems were commonplace using Z80 or similar processor cards for the data capture, processing and control, parallel I/O cards for experiment control as well as analogue to digital conversion cards for reading experiment analogue parameters. Such systems would only occupy minimal rack space, while providing full CP/M processing features.

STD-32
The STD-32 is a pin compatible STD interface that allows the co-existence of both 8-bit and 32-bit systems on a single bus. This is accomplished by the addition of pins between the normal pins that do not connect, nor do they interfere with the original specification. This allows with the proper STD-32 backplane the ability to run legacy cards used for specific applications on the same bus without having to upgrade the complete system.

References

Computer buses
Scuderi cycle. A Scuderi cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that is constructed out of the following series of thermodynamic processes:

 A-B and C-D (TOP and BOTTOM of the loop): a pair of quasi-parallel adiabatic processes
 D-A (LEFT side of the loop): a positively sloped, increasing pressure, increasing volume process
 B-C (RIGHT side of the loop): an isochoric process

The adiabatic processes are impermeable to heat: heat flows rapidly into the loop through the left expanding process, resulting in increasing pressure while volume is increasing; some of it flows back out through the right depressurizing process; the remaining heat does the work.

See also
 Scuderi engine

References

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic cycles