omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
OTV-5. USA-277, also referred to as Orbital Test Vehicle 5 (OTV-5), is the third flight of the second Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard  a Falcon 9 rocket from LC-39A on September 7, 2017. Its mission designation is part of the USA series.

The spaceplane was operated by Air Force Space Command, which considers the mission classified and as such has not revealed the objectives. However, the Air Force did reveal that among the onboard payloads was an experimental oscillating heat pipe. Additionally, it was revealed after OTV-5 landed that it had deployed three cubesats in orbit.

Mission 
OTV-5 is the third mission for the second X-37B, and the fifth X-37B mission overall. It flew on Falcon 9 booster B1040 from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A, which touched down at Landing Zone 1 following launch. It was fastest turnaround of a X-37B at 123 days.

OTV-5 was deployed into an orbital inclination of 54.5°, higher than previous X-37B missions. The Air Force has not disclosed the reason for this.

After a record-setting 780 days in orbit, OTV-5 returned to land at the Shuttle Landing Facility on October 27, 2019.

Satellite Deployments 
Sometime during its orbital mission, OTV-5 deployed three cubesats, given the designations USA 295, 296 and 297. The deployment was not announced until after OTV-5 had landed, which led to many accusing the US of breaking the Registration Convention. The convention, which the US has ratified, requires newly deployed satellites to be promptly registered with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.

See also 

 USA-212
 USA-226

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2017
Satellites of the United States Air Force
Spacecraft which reentered in 2019
USA satellites
Boeing X-37
Edith Mary Douglas. Edith Mary Douglas (née Dale) (13 November 1877 – 30 November 1962) was a British engineer, shipyard director and the first woman to fly in an experimental bomber aircraft.

Early life and marriage
Edith Mary Dale was born in Kanpur, India. Her father was George Desborough Dale, and he worked in the Indian Civil Service. Douglas was sent home to school in England.

She married Major Clifford Hugh Douglas in 1915. She was his second wife and they had one daughter. Douglas was often referred to as Mrs C. H. Douglas, using the convention of adopting the husband's full name.

Entry into engineering circles 
Through her husband Edith Douglas learned about engineering and finance. Her husband was one of the founders of the Social Credit movement during the 1920s.

He was Assistant Superintendent of the Royal Aircraft Factory Farnborough during the First World War. Douglas worked with her husband and got involved with the technical aspect of his work. As a result, Douglas was the first woman to fly in experimental bomber aircraft. She attended the 1926 World Engineering Conference in Tokyo and travelled around the world twice, and was considered a great raconteur about her travels.

She became co-director of the Swanwick Shipyard (Hamble River Yacht & Engineering Co.) The shipyard worked on craft powered by sail, steam or motor, generated its own electricity and pumped its own water, and had a slipway for boats up to 250 tons. During the Second World War the company provided construction for small craft for the Admiralty.

Douglas was actively involved in establishing women's organisations.

Women's Engineering Society 
She became a member of the Women's Engineering Society in 1932, was elected vice president to celebrated pilot Amy Johnson when she held the presidential role, often stepping in when Johnson was unavailable. Edith Douglas became president of the society in 1938. She was succeeded in the role by Caroline Haslett and her vice president was electrical engineer Gertrude Entwisle. A 1937 article stated that the soon to be WES president “Mrs. Douglas… starts work most days round about 8 a.m. in Southampton ship-building yard which belongs to the company of which she a director. In a blue flannel suit and old yachting cap, this handsome, dark-eyed woman directs gangs of men and organises the business of the yard”. She told the interviewer that “more women should go in for planning yachts. Even though yachts do float, they are potential homes and as such should be planned from the woman’s point of view.”

Edith Douglas was a successful competitive sailor and yachtsman and won many prizes in regattas, owning a sloop named 'Enid'. She loved playing sport, particularly tennis and golf, and had a great sense of humour. After the end of the war, she retired and moved to Scotland.

Edith Mary Douglas died on 30 November 1962.

References and sources

1877 births
1963 deaths
People from Kanpur
British women engineers
20th-century British women engineers
Presidents of the Women's Engineering Society
Women's Engineering Society
British people in colonial India
Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer. Multilevel Antimicrobial Polymer or MAP-1 is a coating spray that was developed by researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2020 and that can inactivate viruses, bacteria and spores on surfaces for up to 90 days.

The team of researchers was led by Prof. Yeung King Lun, Professor of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Division of Environment and Sustainability.

It took 10 years to develop this coating spray. After spraying it, it forms a coating that consists of millions of nano-capsules with disinfectants, also after drying of this coating. The coating is not toxic.

In 2020 MAP-1 was effectively used in the combat of COVID-19 in Hong Kong
, as it was sprayed on surfaces in public places like schools, shopping malls and school buses.

External links
Article of HKUST as saved in the Internet Archive

References

Coatings
Microbial growth and nutrition
Diphenylcarbazide. 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide (or simply Diphenylcarbazide, often abbreviated DPC) is a chemical compound from the group of the carbazides. It has a structural formula similar to that of diphenylcarbazone and can be easily converted into it by oxidation.

Properties 
Diphenylcarbazide is a white solid that is scarcely soluble in water, but readily soluble in organic solvents like acetone, hot ethanol and acetic acid. It forms colored complex compounds with certain metal ions. 
Diphenylcarbazide oxidizes to Diphenylcarbazone when exposed to light and air, turning pink in the process.

Uses 

Diphenylcarbazide is used as a redox indicator and for the photometric determination of certain heavy metal ions, like those of Chromium, Mercury, Cadmium, Osmium, Rubidium, Technetium and more.

Reacting a Diphenylcarbazide with Chromium (VI) compounds, such as chromates or dichromates produces diphenylcarbazone, which forms a red-violet complex with the chromium compounds. Chromium (III) compounds can also be determined using this method, by first oxidizing these to Chromium (VI) using an oxidizing agent (e.g. ammonium persulfate solution). Diphenylcarbazide has also been widely used in the chemical lab to detect Mercury (II) compounds, in a similar fashion. 

The reagent is typically used either as 1% to 0.25% solution in some organic solvent, or in the form of test-strip paper for detection of heavy metals in drinking water at home. The reagent is very sensitive, with a sensitivity threshold at 0.000,000,05 g/ml for Chromium (VI) ions, and 0.000,002 g/ml for Mercury (II) ions, that is 50 ppb and 2000 ppb, respectively.

In the beginning of the 20th century, the following procedure using the Diphenylcarbazide indicator was developed, to prove the presence of mercury in solution: One drop of the solution to be tested is deposited on a filter paper which had been dipped into a freshly prepared 1% alcoholic solution of Diphenylcarbazide. Mercury salts produce a purple spot, even in a very diluted solution. Chromates and molybdates produce the same reaction.

The major drawback of the test is the deterioration of stock solution of Diphenylcarbazide in different solvents. Thus, it needs to be freshly prepared. To avoid this problem, a solution has been found in the publication by Urone in 1955. Accordingly, non-aqueous Ethyl acetate and acetone were the better solvents, Diphenylcarbazide solutions of which are stable for months. Diphenylcarbazide solutions of Methyl ethyl ketone, methyl cellosolve (2-methoxyethanol), and Isopropyl alcohol are usable for 1-2 weeks. Aqueous solutions and solvents tending to be basic such as methanol and ethanol, and those containing traces of water and basic impurities, do not make good solvents for stock solutions of the colorimetric reagent

Synthesis 

At least 16 different routes to synthesizing the compound are known, most of which use Phenylhydrazine. An example of such a chemical reaction is the reaction between Phenylhydrazine and Urea to produce 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide in about 96% yield

References 

Hydrazides
Ureas
Anilines
Arsenide hydride. An arsenide hydride or hydride arsenide is a chemical compound containing hydride (H−) and arsenide (As3−) ions in a single phase. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds.

Preparation 
Arsenide hydride compounds may be produced by heating metal hydride and metal arsenide mixtures under pressure.

Properties

Arsenide hydrides are under investigation as unconventional superconductors.

The hydride ions can be replaced by fluoride or oxide ions to yield variations in composition.

Reactions 
when heated to 800° CaFeAsH forms three phases.

2CaFeAsH → Ca + CaFe2As2 + H2

References

Arsenides
Hydrides
Mixed anion compounds
Tokyo Metro 17000 series. The  is a Japanese DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by Tokyo Metro on the Yūrakuchō Line and Fukutoshin Line to replace the ageing Tokyo Metro 7000 series. It entered service on 21 February 2021.

Operations
17000 series trainsets operate on the following lines.

Formation
The fleet consists of six ten-car sets and 15 eight-car sets.

10-car sets 
10-car sets are formed as follows:

8-car sets 
Eight-car sets are formed as follows:

Key 
 <: Current collection device (single-arm pantograph)
 VVVF: Variable frequency drive
 SIV: Static inverter
 CP: Compressor
 BT: Battery
○: Unpowered axle
●: Powered axle

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. Priority seating is provided at the ends of each car. LCD passenger information screens are situated above each doorway.

The floor height is  lower than the floor height of the 7000 series. In addition, the 17000 series has a seat width of  per person, an increase of  over the seats of the 7000 series.

History

In November 2019, Tokyo Metro announced plans to introduce a new fleet of 180 vehicles for the Yūrakuchō and Fukutoshin lines, which would replace the Tokyo Metro 7000 series.

The first trainset was delivered in January 2020.

On 26 May 2022, the 17000 series, alongside the similar 18000 series, was awarded the Laurel Prize.

Build histories
The manufacturers and delivery dates for the fleet are as shown below.

References

External links

Tokyo Metro official website 

Electric multiple units of Japan
17000 series
Train-related introductions in 2021
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Hitachi multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
McMullen Mac Airliner. The McMullen Mac Airliner was a late 1920s American light airliner powered by a Liberty L-12 V-12 engine of  World War I origin. The sole prototype was destroyed in a hangar fire.

Design and development

The Mac Airliner was designed as a fast carrier of mail and passengers, its cost lowered by the use of the old but readily available Liberty L-12 engine, produced in large numbers late in World War I. It was a shoulder wing, strut braced monoplane based on steel tube structures.

Its wings used a M-6 airfoil combining high lift and low drag. They were braced from the lower fuselage by pairs of parallel struts to the wing-spars at about 60% span, encased in airfoil section fairings and adding to the wings' lift. Its ailerons were beyond the bracing struts.

The Mac's upright Liberty engine was nose-mounted with its radiator below it. From nose to tail the fuselage was flat-sided apart from rounded decking. The pilot's enclosed cabin was at the leading edge with windowed access doors below. Separate rectangular windows under the wing lit the passengers' cabin. The fuselage tapered to the rear, where the tailplane was mounted on top and braced to a cropped triangular fin that carried a rounded balanced rudder.

The Mac had conventional, fixed landing gear, with separate, cranked axles from the lower fuselage providing a track of . Its oleo strut legs were mounted on the forward wing struts at points strengthened by struts to the upper fuselage. Its tail wheel was hydraulically damped.

The date of the Mac's first flight is not known but by mid-April 1929 it was being prepared for a flight to an airshow in Chicago. The sole example was destroyed in a hangar fire at Tampa on 12 December 1929.

Specifications

References

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
1920s United States airliners
Boris Shraiman. Boris Shraiman is a theoretical physicist working on statistical physics and biology. He is a Permanent Member of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Susan F Gurley Professor of Theoretical Physics and Biology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Biography 
Shraiman earned a PhD from Harvard in 1983 and did postdoctoral work at the University of Chicago in the James Franck Institute. In his early work, Shraiman addressed how dynamical systems transition to chaos and how patterns form in viscous flows and dendritic growth. He moved to Bell Labs, where he worked on quantum materials, then later became a professor at Rutgers University in 2002 and the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2004. He has advanced the understanding of turbulent fluids, and since the 1990s, his work has built connections between statistical physics and biological problems. In particular, his research has pointed to the interplay between mechanics and morphogenesis, which addresses the problem of "growth and form" in animal development, and developed models to describe evolutionary dynamics in populations such as influenza.
He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.

References

External links 

 www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20015876.html Boris I. Shraiman at NAS

Living people
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Rutgers University faculty
Harvard University alumni
1956 births
Chicago and North Western Z class. The Chicago and North Western Railway class Z (and Omaha Road class Z) was a class of 251 American 2-8-0 locomotives. They were built between 1909 and 1913, when production switched to the larger class J 2-8-2 locomotives. The class letter spawned their nickname amongst C&NW and Omaha Road crews: "Zulu".

Design
The locomotives has boiler pressed to  feeding steam to two cylinders that had a  bore and a  stroke. These were connected to  driving wheels buy Walschaerts valve gear, although the last 47 were built with Baker valve gear. They had  piston valves with  travel. The firebox was of the radial-stay pattern,  deep by  wide. The resulting  was 14 per cent larger than the class R-1.

Construction
Apart from a batch of 25 built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, all the locomotives were built by the American Locomotive Company at their Schenectady plant. Baldwin classified their locomotives as 10-48-E

Service
On the C&NW, they were used system-wide on freight trains, and were the principle freight-hauling locomotive on the railway until the arrival of the class J Mikados. The extra power over the existing freight locomotives enabled running 75-car trains; unfortunately, older wooden-framed freight cars could not stand the punishment and a large number of "bad-ordered" cars required repairs. The Omaha Road used its pair, like all its 2-8-0s, in switching, transfer and helper service. They had in fact been delivered a week after the Omaha Road's first class J 2-8-2 locomotives.

When new all had been built as hand-fired coal-burning locomotives. The large grates were tricky to fire and several firemen resigned as a result. At least 17 were fitted-up for oil-firing for use in Wyoming, where fuel oil was readily available. Twelve others received mechanical stokers during World War II.

In 1942, several locomotives were leased out to other operators; by war's end, these had either been purchased or returned. Sales included five to American Smelting and Refining Company (ASRCo), five to the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL), two to the St. Louis Southwestern Railway (Cotton Belt or SSW), 25 to the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (NdeM) directly, and another seven via a dealer. They also later acquired ASRCo's five.

The first retirement was in 1936; fifty were still in service in mid-1948. The Omaha Road retired both of its Zulus in June 1956.

No locomotives of this class have been preserved.

References

Z
2-8-0 locomotives
ALCO locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1909
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Frances Heywood. Frances Heywood (14 April 1902 – 18 September 1994) was a British metallurgist and engineer.

Early life and education
Heywood was born Frances Dora Weaver in Brentford, North east London, to an itinerant Methodist preacher. Her family followed her father so she attended Bradford Girls' Grammar School and Sheffield High School in Yorkshire. Heywood won the Arnott Scholarship which allowed her to get a degree in chemistry from Bedford College, University of London in 1924.

Career 
After college she got a position as Assistant Metallurgist in Harley, Surrey for the Lanston Monotype Company Ltd. While she was there, the mechanical team assisted her to keep her motorbike maintained. She used it to commute to work. In 1926 Heywood became a member of the Women’s Engineering Society and joined the council in 1928.

Heywood married Harold Heywood in 1932. She retired from work on her marriage and they had 3 children, Prof. John Heywood, Jennifer Clark, and Richard Heywood. She continued to be an active researcher and a member of the Women's Engineering Society and spoke at engineering conferences. She emphasised how women had been involved in engineering and metallurgy by pointing to the 1840 census which listed 469 female blacksmiths and 322 women smelters. Heywood also supported the education of women and contributed to the Central Employment Bureau girl's career guide on engineering. She was on the board of a variety of schools and colleges which included Bedford College and Dartford Technical College.

Heywood went on to become president of the Women's Engineering Society in 1948, succeeding Winifred Hackett and succeeded by Sheila Leather. She introduced fellow metallurgist Ella Mary Collin to the work of the organisation.

Research
She wrote about her work at the company which she submitted to The Woman Engineer in 1927. She began to start on her PhD, about tin-based alloys in the 1930s and completed it in 1935. Her funding came from the International Tin Research and Development Association. Part of the finance came from John Horace Fry of Frys Metal Foundries. Her research was thought the definitive work on the interaction of white metal alloy composition with the process of casting and the influence of impurities in the alloys. With herphotomicrographs of etched samples Heywood demonstrated that liquid metal stratifies significantly in alloys such as type face metals. She published on her research and was widely cited.

She was a talented and prolific water color painter throughout her life. She took up oil painting in later life. Heywood died in 1994.

References and sources

1902 births
1994 deaths
People from Brentford
English metallurgists
Presidents of the Women's Engineering Society
20th-century British engineers
Women's Engineering Society
British metallurgists
Fortschritt E 162. The Fortschritt E 162, also known as the LBH 52 Kombinus, is a tractor-drawn combine harvester, made by the East-German manufacturer VEB Mähdrescherwerk Boschofswerda/Singwitz in Singwitz, from 1952 until 1956. In total, 54 were built. The E 162 proved to be an unreliable combine, and it was soon replaced by the Fortschritt E 170 series.

Description 

The E 162 is a tractor-drawn combine harvester. It has a backbone tube chassis, a single axle, two wheels, and a body made of sheet metal panels. As it does not have an engine, it is solely driven by a tractor's 540 min−1 PTO. When used for combine harvesting, it requires a tractor with an engine power output of approximately 29…44 kW. The power requirement for stationary threshing is lower, according to the manual, it is approximately 15 kW. All the E 162's systems are driven from the input shaft by chains, and belts. The E 162's header is not designed to be detachable quickly, but it can be folded. Its cutting width is 2100 mm (7 ft). The header mowing height, and reel height can be adjusted with hand cranks. Both the cutting speed and reel speed are fixed. The material passes through the E 162 from the header, which is mounted on the E 162's right hand side, to the longitudinally installed threshing drum inside the combine's body. The threshing drum has a length of 1250 mm and a width of 500 mm; it has 7 rasp bars. Its speed is adjustable between 850 and 1500 min−1 by altering the drive belt pulley distance with the adjusting screws and a jaw spanner. The concave has a 130° angle, and 12 steel bars. The distance between threshing drum and concave can be finely adjusted using levers. The E 162 does not have secondary material processing systems such as rotors or straw walkers. Instead, the straw, which makes a 90° turn after it comes out of the threshing drum, falls on two finely perforated conveyor belts, that transport the straw away from the threshing drum to the straw baler, which is installed in the E 162's rear compartment. Corn, that has not yet been threshed out of the straw, can fall through the conveyor belts onto the pan. The corn cleaning system works with two sieves, and a fan. Chaff is sucked out of the combine and collected in a separate chaff waggon. An auger transports the corn to the combine's roof, where the secondary sorting system is installed. It consists of rotating sorting cylinders. From these cylinders, the corn is filled into jute sacks, according to the corn size. Up to 600 kg of corn can be stored on the E 162's roof.

References

External links 

Combine harvesters
IFA vehicles
Europium hydride. Europium hydride is the most common hydride of europium with a chemical formula EuH2. In this compound, europium atom is in the +2 oxidation state and the hydrogen atoms are -1. It is a ferromagnetic semiconductor.

Production
Europium hydride can be produced by directly reacting europium and hydrogen gas:
 Eu + H2 → EuH2

Uses
EuH2 can be used as a source of Eu2+ to create metal-organic frameworks that have the Eu2+ ion.

References

Europium(II) compounds
Metal hydrides
Ferromagnetic materials
Semiconductor materials