omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lloyd 40.08 Luftkreuzer. The Lloyd 40.08 Luftkreuzer (Sky Cruiser) was a three engine triplane bomber type built during World War I. The design was proven to be ineffective and development did not proceed past the prototype stage.

Design and development
In August 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops (Luftfahrttruppen) awarded funding to Lloyd for construction of a new heavy bomber that could carry a  bomb-load and have endurance of at least 6 hours. The aircraft was to be powered by one powerful engine in a pusher configuration housed in a central nacelle and two smaller engines mounted in twin booms on either side. In January 1916, Lloyd received specifications and drawings for a large triplane that was to be known as the Luftkreuzer.

The unequal span triplane had the middle wing mounted to the lower part of the main fuselage and booms, with the upper and lower wings supported by wire braced inter-plane struts. The centre section housed  a  Austro-Daimler V-12 water-cooled engine, driving a wooden two-bladed pusher propeller. The twin booms were constructed of modified Lloyd C.II fuselages with  Austro-Daimler 6 water-cooled in-line engines, and two bladed wooden propellers.  Directly below the main section between the middle and lower wings, was a fully enclosed compartment with windows for the bombardier. The most forward section between the middle and upper wings also had windows and enough space for two air gunners with excellent fields of fire in all directions and was also equipped with a spotlight. The pilots position was set in the rear of the centre fuselage close to the pusher propeller and had very poor forward visibility. Defensive armament consisted of two Schwarzlose M7/12 machine guns in the gunners station and one in each boom.

Testing of the 40.08 Luftkreuzer began on 8 June 1916 at the airport in Aszód. It was immediately clear that the machine suffered from a centre of gravity that was too high and too far forward. The aircraft was damaged when it nosed over during ground testing and was redesigned with a third wheel under the nose, similar to the Zeppelin-Staaken R.XIV, to prevent tipping forward. In October 1916 Oberleutnant Antal Lany-Lanczendorfer attempted the first flight but the aircraft was unable to leave the ground. Early in November the Fliegerarsenal (FlArs) considered reducing the bomb load, and in December additional chassis rails were added to the main undercarriage. Development continued slowly but many of the design flaws would never be solved. Lloyd applied for a revision of the airplane in March 1917, but the application was denied and all work halted. The Luftkreuzer was placed in storage and on 17 January 1918 it was ordered to be transported to Fliegermaterial-Depot IV at Eger, for disposal.

Specifications

See also

Gotha G.IV

References

1910s Austro-Hungarian bomber aircraft
Three-engined push-pull aircraft
Triplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Lloyd aircraft
Three-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Octatube. Octatube is a company that designs, develops and constructs complex architectural structures, with an emphasis on advanced applications of glass and steel. Octatube often assists architectural firms and construction companies to realize challenging architecture. Octatube is based in Delft and unique in the Netherlands, carrying out projects in-house from design to completion.

History 
Octatube was founded in 1983 by Mick Eekhout. Octatube led the field in technical developments in the high-tech architecture era between 1980 and 1995 and in the succeeding freeform or “Blob” architecture period. In the first decade of Octatube's existence, the emphasis was on space frame and tent structures. This developed into the field of structural glazing. Nowadays Octatube specializes in complex glazed facades and roofs. Complex and technically demanding structural forms are a core element of Octatube’s work.

Major Projects 
 2014: all glass roof Gemeentemuseum (municipal museum) in The Hague (NL).
 2014: The glass façade of the Market Hall in Rotterdam (NL).
 2015: Glass Entrance, building of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam (NL).
 2017: complete refurbishment of Sackler Courtyard, entrance to the Victoria & Albert museum in London (UK).
 2017: London Business School, The Sammy Ofer Centre. Octatube was contracted as a steel and glass specialist.

Awards 
 2015: winner of the Dutch Construction Awards 2015. The cable net facades of the Market Hall, realized by Octatube, were awarded in the category for building materials and systems. 
 2016: Special commendation for Octatube: Facade of the Year, in the category New Build with the glass Entrance Building for the Van Gogh Museum.
 2017: Winner at the Society of Facade Engineering (SFE) Awards 2017 - Octatube won the Refurbishment category of the Façade of the Year for the new entrance at the Victoria & Albert Museum located in Exhibition Road, West London.

References

External links 
 Octatube - company website

Architecture firms of the Netherlands
Rombertik. Rombertik is spyware designed to steal confidential information from targets using Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Chrome running on Windows computers. It was first publicized by researchers at Cisco Talos Security and Intelligence Group.

Operation 
Rombertik employs several techniques to make analyzing or reverse-engineering it difficult. Over 97% of the file is unnecessary code or data meant to overwhelm analysts. It loops through code hundreds of millions of times to delay execution, and checks for file names and user names used by Malware Analysis Sandboxes.

If Rombertik detects a modification in the compile time or binary resource in memory, it attempts to overwrite the Master Boot Record (MBR) on the primary hard drive. The MBR contains code necessary to boot the Operating System, as well as information about where partitions are stored on the hard drive. Though the user's data remains on the hard drive, the Operating System is unable to access it without the MBR. In some cases, it may be possible to recover data from a hard drive with a modified MBR.

If the malware does not have the necessary permissions to overwrite the MBR, it instead encrypts each file in the victim's home directory. This directory encryption technique is similar to ransomware, but Rombertik does not attempt to extort money from its victims. Files encrypted with a strong key can be nearly impossible to recover.

Ps installed, it injects code into running processes of Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome. The injected code intercepts web data before it is encrypted by the browser, and forwards it to a remote server.

References 

2015 in computing

Spyware
NSR M Class. The North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) M Class was a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotive designed by John H. Adams, third son of William Adams. It was designed for suburban passenger work on the Potteries loop lines. They shared components such as a drumhead smokebox which rested on the saddle and an almost identical boiler with the NSR L class. The boiler of the M class later became a standard boiler for the NSR, it being used on the NSR's New L class and H class. The M class introduced a new form of cab roof which curved around to join the cab sides, as with the Midland Railway at the time, and was soon copied by the SE&CR. Five were built between 1907 and 1908 at the NSR's Stoke Works, with a further four built in 1920 at Stoke under John A. Hookham, who had succeeded Adams upon the latters death in 1915. This second batch had longer bunkers and Ross "pop" safety valves instead of Ramsbottom safety valves but were otherwise similar; they were known as the New M Class.

All entered the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) stock upon formation in 1923 with little modification, other than replacing the original Ramsbottom safety valves with Ross-pop type. With the LMS' policy of standardisation, many NSR classes were prime targets for early scrapping due to the small size of the classes. As a result, all save one was withdrawn by 1936, having been displaced by more modern six-coupled tanks. This last locomotive had the distinction of being the last NSR locomotive to remain in service save for a battery electric shunting engine, but by the final days was itself reduced to shunting duties.

The livery of the M class was the NSR's Madder Lake with straw lining, and NORTH STAFFORD lettering on the side tanks along with the company crest. The number appeared on the bunker. In LMS days all received the crimson lake passenger livery of the early LMS with large numerals on the side tanks and the company crest on the bunker, but by 1928 they were repainted in plain black with L M S written on the tanks and number on the bunker.

Withdrawal took place between 1930 and 1939. None survived into preservation.

List of locomotives

References

0-4-4T locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1907
Scrapped locomotives
North Staffordshire Railway locomotives
Padding (disambiguation). Padding is a soft material used for the sake of comfort or to change the shape of something.

Padding may also refer to:

 Schedule padding, time added to a transportation schedule making it resilient to delay
 Padding argument, method of proving that some complexity classes are conditionally equal
 Padding (cryptography), increasing the length of a message prior to encryption so that its actual length is not disclosed
 Resume padding, fluff added to a resume

Computing

 Data structure alignment, achieved by "padding" data structures with unused bytes
 Output padding, non-printing characters used after control sequences

Output formatting
 Cellpadding, or cell padding, in HTML and CSS languages, the amount of space between the border of a table cell and its contents (margin in a cell)
 HTML padding, an HTML attribute used to space between the text and the border
 CSS padding, a type of spacing used to lay out websites

See also 

 Pad (disambiguation)
Reginald Stafford. Reginald Spencer Stafford CBE FRAeS (21 April 1903 – September 1980) was an aeronautical engineer, and the designer of the Handley Page Victor.

Early life
Reggie Stafford attended Kilburn Grammar School.

Career
He worked for Handley Page, joining in 1926. In 1934 he became chief aerodynamicist, and chief designer in 1945, in charge of the design team. He became Technical Director in 1953. He retired from the company in 1968, after 42 years.

Handley Page Victor
He designed the HP.80 aircraft with Godfrey Henry Lee. The Victor was known for its crescent wing.

The first HP Victor, WB771, was first flown by Sqn Ldr Hedley Hazelden on 24 December 1952 at Radlett. On 2 January 1953, the aircraft was named Victor by the Air Ministry. The first production Victor XA917 first flew on 1 February 1956.

Personal life
He died in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire in 1980 aged 77. In the 1956 New Year Honours he received the CBE.

References

 The Handley Page Victor: The History & Development of a Classic Jet, Roger Brooks
 Victor Units of the Cold War, Andrew Brookes

See also
 Stuart Davies (engineer), designer of the Avro Vulcan

Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English aerospace engineers
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Handley Page
People educated at Kilburn Grammar School
1903 births
1980 deaths
V-STOL Pairadigm. The V-STOL Pairadigm () is an American twin-engine center-line thrust STOL homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by V-STOL Aircraft Corporation of Fort Myers, Florida, introduced in the late 1990s. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Pairadigm features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration semi-enclosed cockpit with a windshield, fixed tricycle landing gear and two fuselage-mounted engines, one in tractor configuration in the nose and the other in pusher configuration in the rear fuselage.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span high-lift wing mounts flaps, is supported by V-struts and has a wing area of . The tail is a conventional low-tail design. The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engines used are two  2si 460 in-line twin-cylinder, two-stroke, single ignition powerplants.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with twin  engines is  and the landing roll is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 250 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 10 kits had been sold and one aircraft had been completed and was flying, with the design generally available from July 1998.

As of May 2015 no examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (Pairadigm)

References

Pairadigm
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
STOL aircraft
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Kang Myung-sun. Kang Myung Sun (; born 1974 in Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean artist. Kang is well known for her mother-of-pearl design art. Kang graduated Hongik University in South Korea with a PhD in Space Design and a BFA in woodworking and furniture design.

She challenges modern designs with her own study on physical properties of new materials and approach. Kang applies traditional lacquering techniques of two thousand-year history in an attempt to feature the delicate and iridescent quality of mother-of-pearl.

Work

Selected solo exhibitions
 2006 Art Furniture, Gallery I, Seoul

Selected group exhibitions
 2015 Living In Art II, Connect, Seomi International, Los Angeles, CA, USA
 2015 Living In Art I, Let's Art, Seomi International, Los Angeles, CA, USA
 2013 Contemporary Korean Design 2, R20th Century Gallery, New York
 2012 Small Object Show, R20th Century Gallery, New York
 2009 Korea Tomorrow 2009, SETEC, Seoul
 2008 12 Furniture Designers, Sangsangmadang Art Square, Seoul
 2007 Professional Designers of Cheongju International Craft Biennale, Cheongju

References

External links
 Official Website
 
 
 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094344/http://www.egalleryi.co.kr/board/board.php?board=expast&page=58&command=body&no=15
 
 
 

South Korean artists
1974 births
Living people
21st-century South Korean women artists
Jobst Brandt. Jobst Brandt (January 14, 1935 – May 5, 2015) was an American mechanical engineer, inventor, bicycle enthusiast, educator, and author.

Early life
Brandt was born in New York City, where his father, the German-born agricultural economist Karl Brandt, was a professor at the New School for Social Research. The family moved to Palo Alto in 1938. Jobst Brandt studied mechanical engineering at Stanford University, graduating in 1958. After two years of military service in the US Army Corps of Engineers, stationed near Frankfurt, Germany, he found employment at Porsche. His subsequent employers included Hewlett Packard, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and Avocet, a bicycle accessories brand. At Avocet, he was involved in the development of a cyclocomputer (patent 6,134,508), touring shoes (patent 4,547,983), and a high-performance bicycle tire, and published The Bicycle Wheel, a unique treatise on wheelbuilding, which became a best-seller.

Legacy
From the late 1980s until the early/mid 2000s, the era of the Usenet newsgroup, Jobst Brandt was a prolific contributor to rec.bicycles.tech and other public forums. His authoritative explanations and incisive, sometimes tart opinions on bicycle technology, as well as the detailed descriptions of his inspiring bike holidays in the Alps and epic one-day rides in the Santa Cruz Mountains, brought him a wide readership among avid bicyclists well beyond the Bay Area, in the nascent online community.

References

External links
The Bicycle Wheel book by Jobst Brandt, published by Avocet
 Archive of rec.bicycles.tech postings, mostly authored by Jobst Brandt
Accumulating altimeter with ascent/descent accumulation thresholds, US patent # 5058427 A
Cycling Legend Jobst Brandt Passes Away, by Matt Phillips, Bicycling magazine
Tom Ritchey: A Tribute to Jobst, Ritchey Design Current News, Friday, May 22nd, 2015
Frequently Asked Questions about Bicycles and Bicycling

Male touring cyclists
American male cyclists
People from Palo Alto, California
2015 deaths
Writers from New York City
Stanford University alumni
American mechanical engineers
Engineers from California
20th-century American inventors
1935 births
Engineers from New York City
Cycling writers
20th-century American sportsmen
HMT Awatea. HMT Awatea was a trans-Tasman steam ocean liner built for the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand that was launched in 1936. From 1937 until 1939 she linked Wellington and Auckland in New Zealand with Sydney in Australia.

In 1939 she was converted into a Royal Navy troopship. In 1941 she took Canadian troops C Force to Hong Kong, 22 days before the Battle of Hong Kong broke out. In 1942 she took part in Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of Vichy French North Africa, where she was sunk by enemy aircraft.

Awatea is a Māori word meaning "eye of the dawn".

Ocean liner

Vickers-Armstrongs built Awatea at Barrow-in-Furness in England, launching her on 25 February 1936 and completing her that July. She had two screws driven by six steam turbines via single reduction gearing. Their combined power of 4,608 NHP gave her a service speed of . On one trans-Tasman voyage she averaged  over a distance of .

On 5 August 1936 Awatea left Britain on her maiden voyage to New Zealand, sailing via the Panama Canal. She began her trans-Tasman passenger service on 15 September 1936 when she left Wellington for Sydney. On 22 August 1939 she was taken out of service in Sydney for her annual survey. That December she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy as a troopship.

Service in World War II
One of the Awatea's first tasks was to transport members of the C Force, a force created by the Government of Canada to protect its interests in Hong Kong against the threat of Japanese invasion. Awatea and  picked up the troops in Vancouver on 27 October 1941, and landed them in Hong Kong on 16 November, 22 days before the Battle of Hong Kong broke out.

She was ordered to deliver No. 6 Commando to North Africa for Operation Torch in November 1942, to defeat Vichy French forces. She completed her landing successfully, although the landing for No. 6. Commando had some major problems.

The first problem was the inexperience of the crew at launching landing craft, which caused the landing to be two hours late and the last wave of troops to arrive at 6:30 am, with most of the landing off target by up to several miles.

As she was leaving on 11 November 1942, an unknown number of aircraft from Luftwaffe Kampfgeschwader 77 attacked her. They bombed and strafed her, but her crew returned fire. Two torpedoes hit her port side, and a bomb hit her deck but did not explode. But the torpedoes started a fire, which reached and detonated the unexploded bomb. Several near-misses blasted apart most of her first-class accommodation. At this point the crew abandoned ship, which was later sunk by the same aircraft. The admiral of her fleet said "she fought the battle of a battleship" as a tribute to her.

Notes

References

External links
Union Steam Ship Company TSS Awatea.

1936 ships
Ocean liners
Passenger ships of New Zealand
Maritime incidents in November 1942
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
Ships of the Union Steam Ship Company
Steamships of New Zealand
Troop ships of the Royal Navy
World War II merchant ships of New Zealand
World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Vancil Spitz S1. The Vancil Spitz S1 is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by A. Vancil of Belton, South Carolina, introduced in the late 1990s. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit and also in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Spitz S1 is an ultralight replica of the Pitts S-1 aerobatic biplane. It features a biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It can also be placed in the Experimental - Amateur-built category.

The Spitz S1 is made from metal tubing and wood, with its flying surfaces and tail covered in doped aircraft fabric and the fuselage covered in sheet aluminium. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The standard engine used is the  Christine Aero powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot and baggage is .

Variants
S1 ultralight version
With a maximum speed of .
S1 homebuilt version
With a maximum speed of .

Specifications (version)

References

S1
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Replica aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Naval Force 3. Naval Force 3 is a French sailboat manufacturer based in La Rochelle. They produce a range of boats, including trimarans.

Trimaran models
Challenge 26  (Drop 26)
Challenge 30 Trimaran de croisière repliable et transportable de 30 pieds.
Challenge 33
Challenge 37
Challenge 42

Catamaran models
Twist
Piana 30
Piana 30.2
Piana 37
Tropic 40
Tropic 50
Tropic 60
Many boat charter model

Monohull models
Class 2m
S40
Boheme 30
Boheme 33

See also
 List of multihulls

External links
Naval Force 3 website

French boat builders