omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ICGS Rajdhwaj. ICGS Rajdhwaj is a  (Literally means Ruling Flag) (IPV), and the last in the series of eight IPVs designed and constructed by Garden Reach Shipbuilders Engineers, Kolkata for the Indian Coast Guard.

Description
The ship is powered by three 71S2 Rolls-Royce Kamewa waterjets and three MTU 4000 series diesel engines rated at 2720 kW at 2100 rpm. The ship's maximum speed is 31.5 knots, and it has a maximum range of 1,500 nautical miles at 14 knots. The ship's electronics include an integrated bridge system and an integrated machinery control system. The main weapon is a 30-mm CRN-91 gun with a fire control system. The craft carries two gemini boats and a rigid inflatable boat for search and rescue and maritime patrol applications.

Service history
Rajdhwaj was commissioned on 12 December 2013. It has a crew of six officers and thirty nine sailors,  is currently commanded by Commandant (JG) Vivek Sharma and under the executive command of Deputy Commandant L Lupajao Singh. It is based at Kakinada under Coast Guard District Headquarters No. 6, Visakhapatnam.

Notes

References

Ships of the Indian Coast Guard
2013 ships
Kothavalasa–Kirandul line. Kothavalasa–Kirandul line belongs to Waltair railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It was under South Eastern Railway zone until 2003. It passes through three states; Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.

History
In 1960, Indian Railway took up three projects: the Kothavalasa–Araku–Koraput–Jeypore–Jagdalpur–Dantewara–Kirandaul line, the Jharsuguda–Sambalpur–Bargarh–Balangir–Titlagarh project and the Biramitrapur–Rourkela–Bimlagarh–Kiriburu project. All the three projects taken together were popularly known as the DBK Project or the Dandakaranya–Bolangir–Kiriburu project. The Kothavalasa–Kirandaul line was opened in 1966–67 under S E Railway with financial aid of Japan for transporting iron ore and costed 55.32 crore.

Geography
This line passes hill sections of Eastern Ghats through Araku Valley. The line has a total of 58 tunnels and 84 major bridges and each tunnel is as long as 520 metres.

Electrification
Electrification of the line was completed in four phases. Kirandul–Jagdalpur section was completed in 1980. Jagdalpur–Koraput section was completed in 1981. Koraput–Araku–Waltair section was completed in 1982. The Kothavalasa–Kirandul route was completely electrified by 1982.

Jurisdiction
The line has a length of ,out of which  lies in Andhra Pradesh up to Gorapur which will be joining South Coast Railway, rest of the line will remain in the Rayagada division of East Coast Railway  lies in Odisha up to Khadapa,  lies in Chhattisgarh up to Kirandul. The maximum route km being in Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh with Odisha taking 3rd position. The Kothavalasa–Kirandul section is classified as a Group E-special class line in which  speed should be below 100 km/h.

Performance
This line is mainly used for freight purposes which is a huge profit benefitting Waltair Division. It generated  in freight earnings in 2022-23 which is a little over 25% of the total freight earnings of Waltair railway division in that financial year. Iron ore from   Bailadila is transported to Visakhapatnam through this line.

References

External links

Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Railway lines opened in 1966

Rail transport in Odisha
Rail transport in Chhattisgarh
1966 establishments in India
Bagalini Bagalini. The Bagalini Bagalini is an Italian homebuilt ultralight aircraft that was designed by Marino Bagalini. The aircraft is supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Bagalini was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of .

The aircraft features a strut-braced parasol wing, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The Bagalini's fuselage is made from wood and metal, while the wings are a wooden frame covered in doped aircraft fabric. The rear fuselage consists of two tubes, one above and one below the pusher engine. Its  span wing employs a modified NACA 63-215 airfoil at the wing root transitioning to a NACA 4412 at the wing tips. The wing has an area of  and is supported by "V" struts. The acceptable power range is  and the standard engines used are the  Rotax 377 and the  Rotax 447 two-stroke powerplants.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied plans as 700 hours.

Specifications (Bagalini)

References

Bagalini
1990s Italian sport aircraft
1990s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Bagalini Baganfibio. The Bagalini Baganfibio (a portmanteau of "Bagalini" and "Amphibian") is an Italian homebuilt flying boat that was designed by Marino Bagalini. The aircraft is supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Baganfibio features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit, retractable conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration mounted above the wing.

The aircraft is of all-wooden construction, with its wings covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing employs an RSG 36 airfoil, mounts Junkers ailerons and has a wing area of . The aircraft does not use tip floats, but instead relies on sponsons for balance in the water. The acceptable power range is  and the standard engines used are the  Rotax 447 or the  Rotax 503 two-stroke powerplants.

The Baganfibio has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 700 hours.

Specifications (Baganfibio)

References

External links
Photo of a Bagalini Baganfibio

Baganfibio
1960s Italian sport aircraft
1990s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Flying boats
Bagalini Colombo. The Bagalini Colombo () is an Italian homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Marino Bagalini. The aircraft is supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Colombo features a strut-braced parasol wing, a two-seats in side-by-side configuration open cockpit with a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear, or optional tricycle landing gear, and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from wood and metal, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing employs an RSG 35 airfoil at the wing root, transitioning to an RSG 36 airfoil at the wing tip. The wing mounts Junkers ailerons and has a wing area of . The standard engine used is the  Rotax 447 two-stroke powerplant.

The Colombo has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates construction time from the supplied kit to be 700 hours.

Specifications (Colombo)

References

External links
Photo of a Colombo
Photo of a Colombo

Colombo
1990s Italian sport aircraft
1990s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Cardy formula. In physics, the Cardy formula gives the entropy of a two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). In recent years, this formula has been especially useful in the calculation of the entropy of BTZ black holes and in checking the AdS/CFT correspondence and the holographic principle.

Using results by J. L. Cardy, the following entropy formula can be derived:

Here  is the central charge,  is the product of the total energy and radius of the system, and the shift of  is related to the Casimir effect. These data emerge from the Virasoro algebra of this CFT. The proof of the above formula relies on modular invariance of a Euclidean CFT on the torus.

The Cardy formula is usually understood as counting the number of states of energy  of a CFT quantized on a circle. To be precise, the microcanonical entropy (that is to say, the logarithm of the number of states in a shell of width ) is given by

in the limit . This formula can be turned into a rigorous bound.

In 2000, E. Verlinde extended this to certain strongly-coupled (n+1)-dimensional CFTs. The resulting Cardy–Verlinde formula was obtained by studying a radiation-dominated universe with the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

where R is the radius of a n-dimensional sphere at time t. The radiation is represented by a (n+1)-dimensional CFT. The entropy of that CFT is then given by the formula

where Ec is the Casimir effect, and E the total energy. The above reduced formula gives the maximal entropy

when Ec=E, which is the Bekenstein bound. The Cardy–Verlinde formula was later shown by Kutasov and Larsen to be invalid for weakly interacting CFTs. In fact, since the entropy of higher dimensional (meaning n>1) CFTs is dependent on exactly marginal couplings, it is believed that a Cardy formula for the entropy is not achievable when n>1.

See also
BTZ black hole
AdS/CFT correspondence
Holographic principle
Conformal field theory

References 

Quantum gravity
Conformal field theory
Windows Hardware Error Architecture. Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA) is an operating system  hardware error handling mechanism introduced with Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008 as a successor to Machine Check Architecture (MCA) on previous versions of Windows.  The architecture consists of several software components that interact with the hardware and firmware of a given platform to handle and notify regarding hardware error conditions.  Collectively, these components provide: a generic means of discovering errors, a common error report format for those errors, a way of preserving error records, and an error event model based up on Event Tracing for Windows (ETW).

WHEA "builds on the PCI Express Advanced Reporting to provide more detailed information about system errors and a common reporting structure."

WHEA allows third-party software to interact with the operating system and react to certain hardware events. For example, when a new CPU is added to a running system—a Windows Server feature known as Dynamic Hardware Partitioning—the hardware error component stack is notified that a new processor was installed.

In contrast, Linux supports the ACPI Platform Error Interface (APEI) which is introduced in ACPI 5.0.

See also 
 Machine-check exception (MCE)
 Reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS)
 RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability and safety)
 High availability (HA)
 Blue screen of death

References 

Windows components
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
Computer errors
YKK Manufacturing and Engineering Centre. YKK Manufacturing and Engineering Centre is a manufacturing plant and a R&D center of YKK AP which is a subsidiary company of YKK Group. It is located in Namerikawa, Toyama (situated between the Japanese Alps and Toyoma Bay), and was opened on October 22, 1992. Main products developed and manufactured there include architectural products such as a curtain wall for high-rise buildings, glass exteriors, steel products and entrances, as well as residential products such as windows, screen doors, interior building materials and aluminum exterior material. The center also functions as a sales and logistics base in Hokuriku region.

Architects Roy Fleetwood and Kenji Sugimura produced a design of the building that brings the theme of “people and technology“ to the fore, developing a harmony between the two. The dominant materials of the building are steel and glass. The entrance
area is delineated by a 45-metre-wide steel structure supporting a glass roof. This area was based on the idea of an “open-air workshop”. The interior space features an open design that facilitates communications among staff while lending Optimum organization to the working space. All structural and technical details are visible. The double-glazed exterior walls allow natural light to pour in, and also give unlimited views of the attractive surrounding area. The complex has the character of a showroom through the use of YKK products and the presence of numerous presentation and demonstration areas. The buildings technological image is based on the company itself, its products and its philosophy.

The building won G-Mark Award from the Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization and iF Ecology Design Award.

References

Buildings and structures in Toyama Prefecture
Shigeo Maruyama (engineer). is a Japanese professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Tokyo who has published almost 1,000 articles, which have appeared in such journals as the Chemical Physics and Optics Letters, along with Physical Review B and many others. His most cited paper is Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol which have over 9840 citations as of 2014. He is currently the president of the Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Graphene Research Society.

References

Japanese mechanical engineers
20th-century births
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sing Bing Kang. Sing Bing Kang is a computer scientist known for his work in image-based modeling and rendering. He is a distinguished scientist at Zillow.

Kang has a Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University, completed in 1994. His dissertation, Robot Instruction by Human Demonstration, was supervised by Katsushi Ikeuchi. He worked for Microsoft Research before moving to Zillow.

He is the author of books including:
Image-Based Rendering (with Heung-Yeung Shum and Shing-Chow Chan, Springer, 2008)
Image-based Modeling of Plants and Trees (with Long Quan, Morgan & Claypool, 2010)

External links
Home page

References

Living people
20th-century births
American computer scientists
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Microsoft Research people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Seiichiro Katsura. is a Japanese motion control specialist.

Katsura works at the Keio University and publishes numerous of his peer-reviewed articles in such journals as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics and many others which were cited over 100 times as of 2013. In 2013, he invented a robot that is able to draw Japanese characters by having the skills of Juho Sado, a Japanese calligrapher. During the same year he also participated at the CEATEC exhibition in Japan and the same year on October 7, was interviewed by the Octahedral Chemical Daily regarding the Peltier effect, following by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun news agency on October 31.

References

Living people
20th-century births
Academic staff of Keio University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Poly(N-vinylacetamide). Poly(N-vinylacetamide) (PNVA) is a polymer having affinity for both water and alcohol made primarily from N-vinylacetamide (NVA) monomer. The homopolymer of NVA is called GE191 grade.  Copolymer of NVA and sodium acrylate called GE167 grade.

History
Showa Denko succeeded in industrialization for the first time in the world.

Properties
Able to thicken across a wide range of pH
Able to thicken high salt concentration solutions
Resistance to acids and alkalis
Water-soluble
Adhesion and pressure sensitive adhesion
Resistant to heat

References

Acetamides
Vinyl polymers
Hammer (climbing). Rock climbing hammers, also known as wall hammers, big wall hammers, or aid hammers, are a type of specialty hammer used mainly  in aid climbing for the placement and removal of pitons, copper-heads, and circle-heads. They can also be used in the initial placement of fixed anchors (bolts) or the forceful removal of stuck free climbing protection.

See also 

 Bolt
 Climbing equipment
 Piton

References 

Hammer
Bizzdesign. Bizzdesign is a Dutch enterprise architecture and BPM SaaS platform vendor, founded in 2000 by Henry Franken, Harmen van den Berg and Harm Bakker, and is known for the co-development of ArchiMate and the development Bizzdesign Enterprise Studio, formerly BiZZdesign Architect, the first tool that supported ArchiMate.

Inception 
Bizzdesign started as spin-off from a research project (1996-2001) to develop a test environment for business processes, originated by the Telematica Instituut (now Novay) in cooperation with partners such as the IBM, the Dutch Pension Fund APG, Tax and Customs Administration, and the ING Group.

In 2016 the company presented the new variation of the software called  Bizzdesign Enterprise studio 

In 2024 the software is still often listed in top-10 of Enterprise Architecture tools according to different reports

See also 
 ArchiMate
 BiZZdesign Enterprise Studio

References 

Information technology companies of the Netherlands
Recoil (rheology). Recoil is a rheological phenomenon observed only in non-Newtonian fluids that is characterized by a moving fluid's ability to snap back to a previous position when external forces are removed. Recoil is a result of the fluid's elasticity and memory where the speed and acceleration by which the fluid moves depends on the molecular structure and the location to which it returns depends on the conformational entropy. This effect is observed in numerous non-Newtonian liquids to a small degree, but is prominent in some materials such as molten polymers.

Memory

The degree to which a fluid will “remember” where it came from depends on the entropy. Viscoelastic properties in fluids cause them to snap back to entropically favorable conformations. Recoil is observed when a favorable conformation is in the fluid's recent past. However, the fluid cannot fully return to its original position due to energy losses stemming from less than perfect elasticity.

Recoiling fluids display fading memory meaning the longer a fluid is elongated, the less it will recover. Recoil is related to characteristic time, an estimate of the order of magnitude of reaction for the system. Fluids that are described as recoiling generally have characteristic times on the order of a few seconds. Although recoiling fluids usually recover relatively small distances, some molten polymers can recover back to 1/10 of the total elongation. This property of polymers must be accounted for in polymer processing.

Demonstrations of Recoil

When a spinning rod is placed in a polymer solution, elastic forces generated by the rotation motion cause fluid to climb up the rod (a phenomenon known as the Weissenberg effect). If the torque being applied is immediately brought to a stop, the fluid recoils down the rod.

When a viscoelastic fluid being poured from a beaker is quickly cut with a pair of scissors, the fluid recoils back into the beaker. 
When fluid at rest in a circular tube is subjected to a pressure drop, a parabolic flow distribution is observed that pulls the liquid down the tube. Immediately after the pressure is alleviated, the fluid recoils backward in the tube and forms a more blunt flow profile. 
When Silly Putty is rapidly stretched and held at an elongated position for a short period of time, it springs back. However, if it is held at an elongated position for a longer period of time, there is very little recovery and no visible recoil.

References

Fluid dynamics
Rheology
Non-Newtonian fluids
One Glass Solution. One Glass Solution (OGS) is a touchscreen technology which reduces the thickness of a display by removing one of the layers of glass from the traditional capacitive touchscreen stack. The basic idea is to replace the touch module glass with a thin layer of insulating material. In general, there are two ways to achieve this.

One approach to OGS is called "sensor-on-lens” (also known as “touch-on-lens” or “sensor-on-glass”), with the "lens" in this case referring to the cover glass layer. Next, a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) is deposited onto the back of the cover glass in a pattern to create electrodes to sense touch. A thin insulator layer is applied before a second ITO layer is deposited in a pattern creating electrodes running at right angles to the first layer. The assembly is then laminated onto a standard LCD panel.

The second approach is called "on-cell" capacitive touchscreen, with the cell referring to the LCD. In this process, a conductive layer of ITO is deposited directly onto the top layer of glass in the LCD panel in an electrode pattern. A thin insulating layer is applied before a second ITO layer is deposited in a pattern creating electrodes running at right angles to the first layer. Finally, a polarizing layer is applied on top, and the display is completed by adding the cover glass.

For now, it appears that the sensor-on-lens approach has advantages over on-cell solutions. The on-cell approach means that LCD makers would have to make two separate models of each panel: one with touch and one without. This could add cost to an industry that is already running on thin margins. The on-cell touch method is also limited to the size of the LCD panel, whereas sensor-on-lens modules can be larger than the underlying LCD panel, providing room for dedicated touch points that are found on many smartphone designs. Due to how sensor-on-lens modules are manufactured, the sensors are very fragile in comparison to on-cell modules. Damage to the cover glass will also impair the functionality of the touchscreen.

Successor 
Its successor is "in-cell" touch panels, where one of the conductive layers actually shares the same layer as the thin film transistors (TFTs) used to switch the display's sub-pixels on and off. (These transistors are fabricated directly on the semiconductor backplane of the display). The first products using "in-cell" touch technology have already (As of November 2012) appeared on the market, such as the Apple iPhone 5, XOLO 8X-1000, vivo X3S.

References 

Touchscreens