omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LINDO. LINDO (Linear, Interactive, and Discrete Optimizer) is a software package for linear programming, integer programming, nonlinear programming, stochastic programming and global optimization.

LINGO is a mathematical modeling language used as part of LINDO.

Today, LINDO solvers are part of LINDO API (Application Programming Interface) a set of software libraries that can be called from different programming languages to create custom mathematical optimization applications.

It is designed to solve optimization problems that arise in areas of business, industry, research, and government. The LINDO package includes sample applications related to product distribution, ingredient blending, production, personnel scheduling, inventory management.

LINDO also creates "What'sBest!" which is an add-in for linear, integer and nonlinear optimization. First released for Lotus 1-2-3 and later also for Microsoft Excel.

Features 

 LINDO provides routines to formulate, solve, query, and modify optimization problems.

 It works with programming languages including C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, .NET, Delphi, Python, and R. 

 Coupled with R’s extensive statistical and data-mining tools, the LINDO API's R interface offers seamless possibilities in statistical analysis and optimization. 
 LINDO solvers can also be called from MATLAB.  
 The LINDO package contains Stochastic, Linear, Nonlinear (convex & nonconvex/Global), Quadratic, Quadratically Constrained, Second Order Cone and Integer solvers.
 It provides tools for analysis of infeasible linear, integer and nonlinear models.
 LINDO supports Multiple Objective Optimization. For linear models, users can provide a prioritized list of objective functions, and LINDO will perform Lexico/Pre-emptive priority optimization.
 The Multi-Start NLP Solver in LINDO makes it possible for users to specify a target value for the objective function. As soon as any multi-start thread achieves a specified target all threads stop.
 With the release of LINDO API 7.0, LINDO stochastic functionality allows users to incorporate uncertainty into their models.
 In 2012, LINDO brings multicore processors support to increase solve speed.

References

External links
 Official website 

Mathematical optimization software
Numerical software
Transperth C-series train. The Transperth C-series trains are a class of electric multiple units part of Alstom's X'Trapolis family of trains for Transperth that are being delivered as part of Metronet. The trains are operating on Perth's suburban rail network and entered service on the Yanchep and Mandurah lines on 8 April 2024.

History 
In April 2018, the Public Transport Authority called for expressions of interest to build 41 6-carriage electric multiple units. Three consortia were shortlisted to bid:
 Alstom
 Bombardier / EDI Rail
 Momentum West, a consortium of CAF and UGL

On 18 August 2019, Alstom was announced as the successful bidder. The trains will be assembled in Bellevue. Twenty-five sets will be delivered to provide rolling stock for network extensions as part of the Metronet project, while the other sixteen will replace the A-series stock from 2024.

In December 2019, Alstom released details of the contract and early renders of what the new trains will look like. Under the contract, worth approximately €800 million (AUD1.3 billion), Alstom will be responsible for the design, supply, manufacturing, testing and commissioning of 41 six-car electric-multiple-unit (EMU) trains for suburban services and two, three-car diesel-multiple-unit (DMU) trains for the Australind, which includes 50% local content, twenty years maintenance of the EMU trains and maintenance support services for the DMU trains.

From 3 April to 18 April 2021, a two thirds length mock-up of a single carriage was made available for the general public to view and provide feedback at Yagan Square. Notable features of the new trains include a mixture of high back seats and bench seating, graphical passenger information displays (that are used the same as its predecessors in service), USB ports and hard-worn flooring instead of the carpet-laid floors of previous trains. Later, the train mock-up was seen in the 2023 Perth Royal Show.

On 7 June 2021 (Western Australia Day), the Railcar Manufacturing and Assembly Facility was officially opened at the Bellevue Railcar Depot, and handed over to Alstom to commence manufacturing the trains. The first train was revealed on 14 August 2022, with twelve months of testing along the Joondalup and Mandurah lines set to occur before they are put in passenger service. Testing along the Joondalup line between Clarkson station and Butler station commenced on 23 December 2022.

The trains entered service on the Yanchep and Mandurah lines on 8 April 2024. A commemorative "first journey" occurred the day before on 7 April, with tickets to that open to the public via a lottery. As of 4 September 2024, there are four C-series trains in service.

References

External links 

 Metronet C-Series rail cars

Alstom multiple units
Electric multiple units of Western Australia
Passenger rail transport in Perth, Western Australia
25 kV AC multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2024
Alan D. Roberts. Alan D. Roberts is a Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre (TARRC) scientist noted for his contributions to understanding contact phenomena in elastomers, and in particular the JKR equation.

Education

Roberts completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1968, having worked in the Cavendish laboratory at the University of Cambridge, under the supervision of tribologist David Tabor.

Career

His 1971 paper with Kevin Kendall and Kenneth L. Johnson forms the basis of modern theories of contact mechanics.

In 1974, Roberts was recruited to the Applied Physics Group at the Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association (MRPRA) by Alan G. Thomas.  He researched the sliding friction of rubber on wet surfaces and on ice, the effects of pH and salt concentration, and other effects.

In 1983, he was promoted to Assistant Director of MRPRA, and the following year to Deputy Director.

Awards

Roberts received the 1998 Lavoisier Medal of the French Society of the Chemical Industry, and in 2014 he received the Charles Goodyear Medal of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society.

References

Living people
Polymer scientists and engineers
British scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tribologists
Russell A. Livigni. Russell A. Livigni (born 20 July 1934) is a rubber industry scientist and executive noted for his discovery and development of high trans styrene-butadiene rubber, a crystallizing rubber that provides superior oxidation resistance relative to natural rubber.

Education

Livigni is a native of Akron, Ohio.  His aptitude for scientific work was recognized early - in high school he won the Bausch and Lomb award in science.  He graduated from Kenmore High School in 1952.  After graduation, he took a job at the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company's synthetic rubber development lab, while also working towards his undergraduate degree.  He completed his B.Sc. in chemistry in 1956, and his Ph.D. in polymer chemistry in 1960.  Both degrees were earned at the University of Akron.  During his time as an undergraduate, he worked in the university's Institute of Rubber Research.

Career

 1961 - joined GenCorp as a senior research chemist
 1962-1963 - Group leader, polymer characterization
 1963-1975 - Section Head, Materials Chemistry and Polymer Characterization
 1975-1980 - Manager, Polymer and Analytical Chemistry
 1980-1987 - Associate Director of Research
 1988-1995 - Vice President and Director, GenCorp Research
 1995 - Vice-President, Corporate Technology
 1996 - retired to consult for Omnova, a GenCorp spinoff

Livigni holds 37 patents.  His most cited work treated the subject of polymerization of butadiene and isoprene with butyllithium initiator.

Awards
 1997 - Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award.
 2013 - Charles Goodyear Medal of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society.

References

Living people
Polymer scientists and engineers
American scientists
1934 births
Seguin Wasabi Special. The Wasabi Special is a Formula One racing aircraft.

Development
The Wasabi Special is a single place, low-wing, conventional landing gear-equipped racing aircraft.

The airplane was designed and built at the Mojave Air and Spaceport by Elliot Seguin for racing and record setting.

Operational history
Reno Air Races
2013-229 mph
EAA Airventure
Set C1-a record for MHV to OSH flying non-stop with 5 other experimental aircraft from Mojave.
Reno Air Races
2014-235 mph

Specifications (Wasabi Special)

References

Further reading
Aerochia_LT-1
Owl_Racer_OR65-2
Cassutt_Special
Sharp Nemesis NXT
Lancair_Legacy

External links
Flight Test Video

Racing aircraft
Maya-class gunboat. The  was a four-ship class of gunboats of the early Imperial Japanese Navy.

Design and description
The Maya vessels were Japan’s first iron-hulled gunboats, although only  and  had true iron hulls.  had a composite hull construction, whereas  had a steel hull. All four vessels had auxiliary schooner-rigged sails.
The Maya-class ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . They displaced  at normal load. The crew numbered about 104 officers and enlisted men.

Propulsion was by a coal-fired horizontal double-expansion reciprocating steam engine with two cylindrical boilers driving a double screw. The engines were rated at , and designed to reach a top speed of .

The Maya-class ships were initially intended to be armed with one Krupp  Krupp L/22 breech-loading gun, and one Krupp  L/22 breech-loading gun, with two quadruple 1-inch Nordenfelt guns as secondary armament. However, each ship later modified to carry different armament in 1906.

Two of the three vessels (Maya and Akagi) were built by the private-contractor, Onohama Shipyards in Kobe (a predecessor of Hitachi Zosen Corporation), and one (Chōkai ) was by built by the private-contractor Ishikawajima-Hirano Shipyards. Atago was built by the government’s Yokosuka Naval Arsenal

All four ships served in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. In 1898, the ships were reclassified as second-class gunboats. Atago was lost in combat during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Maya and Chōkai were removed from the navy list in 1908 and were subsequently broken up in 1913. Akagi was removed from the navy list in 1911,  but survived under civilian ownership until 1953.

Ships

Notes

References

External links

 Materials of the Imperial Japanese Navy

Gunboat classes
Far Ings National Nature Reserve. Far Ings national nature reserve is an area of over  on the southern shore of the Humber Estuary in North Lincolnshire, England. It is immediately west of the town of Barton-upon-Humber and the village of Barton Waterside. In addition to being designated as a national nature reserve, it is within the Humber Estuary Ramsar site, Site of Special Scientific Interest, Special Area of Conservation, and Special Protection Area.

History
The clay pits on the Humber foreshore were the focus of a tile and cement industry from 1850 to 1959. The industrial sites were abandoned in the early 20th century once supplies of clay began to run out. The clay workings filled with water and became colonised by species of reeds. The reserve was acquired by Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust in 1983, who opened it in the same year.

The site was designed as a national nature reserve in April 2005.

A tidal surge on 5 December 2013 caused by Cyclone Xaver breached the flood defences on the Humber bank, flooding the reserve. The visitor centre re-opened in August 2014.

The visitor centre, toilets, and car park were closed during the COVID-19 Pandemic in England.

In 2020, a proposal was launched to develop a series of holiday lodges on the site of the former Humber Bridge Hotel, located within the reserve. The Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust formally campaigned against the development, citing that it would cause unavoidable disturbance to species protected by law such as marsh harrier, bearded tit, Cetti's warbler, kingfisher, and barn owl. The planning application received more than 830 responses, almost all of which were negative, and was thus of one of the most-objected applications in North Lincolnshire's history.

Species
There are  more than 250 species of moths, 230 species of wildflower, and at least 19 species of butterflies identified from Far Ings. The first Eurasian bitterns to breed in Lincolnshire in over 30 years were seen at Far Ings in 2000. A Blyth's reed warbler was spotted at the reserve in June 2020. A murmuration of several thousand starlings was filmed at the site by the BBC in January 2023.

References

Nature reserves in Lincolnshire
1983 establishments in England
National nature reserves in England
Ramsar sites in England
Tourist attractions in Lincolnshire
Barton-upon-Humber
Peter Muller-Munk Associates. Peter Muller-Munk Associates (known as PMMA) was an American industrial-design firm that flourished in Pittsburgh under the direction of its charismatic name partner. PMMA's work touched almost every aspect of industrial design and were especially influential in the realm of consumer goods. Notably, U.S. Steel hired PMMA to work on the general aesthetic design for the Unisphere, the theme center of the 1964 New York World's Fair.

Peter Muller-Munk 
The company's founder was born Klaus-Peter Wilhelm Müller on June 25, 1904, in a wealthy suburb of Berlin, in present-day Germany. He began his career crafting unique and custom silver objects before turning to industrial design. He emigrated to the United States in 1926 and launched his career as a metalworker at Tiffany & Co. in New York City. He moved to Pittsburgh in 1935 to accept a job at the Carnegie Institute of Technology as assistant professor in the first American university baccalaureate degree program in industrial design. .

History 
In 1938 he opened his first consulting office in Pittsburgh with Robert Paul Karlen as his first employee. Clients had so expanded by 1945 that he found it necessary to resign from Carnegie Tech to devote himself to his business. At the time, he began operating under the name Peter Muller-Munk Associates with Karlen and Raymond Smith as associates. Anton Parisson became the fifth partner in 1957. In 1956 Ernst Budke became an associate of the firm. By 1960 there were five partners and six associates. PMMA's client list spanned the globe; local ones included the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Westinghouse, and U.S. Steel.

After the death of its founder in 1967, PMMA continued to take work aligned with its expertise. Projects included vehicle design, a corporate identity for the new Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh and a series of unique, eye-catching trolleys as a publicity campaign for Pittsburgh's Port Authority Transit (PAT) (now Port Authority of Allegheny County). Despite these successes, PMMA struggled in the years following Muller-Munk's death. By 1973, staff had been reduced to two officers and 20 employees. To adapt to the changing marketplace, PMMA management decided to merge with Wilbur Smith Associates (now CDM Smith) on January 1, 1974, rendering Peter Muller-Munk Associates a division of WSA.

Legacy 
Despite Muller-Munk's own commercial success and his pioneering efforts to establish industrial design as a serious course of post-secondary study, PMMA's profile declined and almost disappeared into the history of modern design. Recently, interested in the firm's work has grown. In 2015 the Carnegie Museum of Art organized a monographic exhibition dedicated to the designer and his work, with the aim of supplementing design histories that traditionally focused almost exclusively on the American East and West Coasts.

References

External links 
Peter Muller-Munk at the Industrial Designers Society of America
The Normandie Pitcher, Carnegie Museum of Art Collection

1938 establishments in Pennsylvania
Santa Luzia Dam. Santa Luzia Dam () is a concrete arch dam on the Unhais, a northern tributary of the Zêzere River, located in the municipality Pampilhosa da Serra, in Coimbra District, Portugal. The dam was constructed between 1930 and 1942 and was designed by André Coyne.

Design
Santa Luzia Dam is a 76 m tall and 115 m long arch dam. The volume of the dam is 80.000 m³. The dam contains 2 crest spillways  and one bottom outlet. At full reservoir level the reservoir of the dam () has a surface area of 2.46 km² and its total capacity is 53.7 Mio m³.

The concrete of the dam is affected by concrete swelling, caused by an alkali–silica reaction, that leads to tensions and cracks in the concrete.

Power plant
The power plant is one of the smaller hydroelectric power stations in Portugal with a nameplate capacity of 32 MW. Its average annual generation is 55 Mio. kWh. The power station contains four Pelton turbine-generators.

See also

 List of power stations in Portugal

References

External links
 
 
 

Dams in Portugal
Hydroelectric power stations in Portugal
Arch dams
Dams completed in 1942
Energy infrastructure completed in 1942
1942 establishments in Portugal
Buildings and structures in Coimbra District
Lines of non-extension. In the field of biomechanics, the lines of non-extension are notional lines running across the human body along which body movement causes neither stretching or contraction. Discovered by Arthur Iberall in work beginning in the 1940s, as part of research into space suit design, they have been further developed by Dava Newman in the development of the Space Activity Suit.

They were originally mapped by Iberall by drawing a series of circles over a portion of the body and then watching their deformations as the wearer walked around or performed various tasks. The circles deform into ellipses as the skin stretches over the moving musculature, and these deformations were recorded. After a huge number of such measurements the data is then examined to find all of the possible deformations of the circles, and more importantly, the non-moving points on them where the original circle and the deformed ellipse intersect (at four points per circle). By mapping these points over the entire body, a series of lines are produced.

These lines may then be used to direct the placement of tension elements in a spacesuit to enable constant suit pressure regardless of the motion of the body.

References 

Anatomy
Biomechanics
Spacesuits
Trifluorosilane. Trifluorosilane is the chemical compound with the formula F3HSi. At standard temperature and pressure, trifluorosilane is a colorless gas. Note that the free radical F3Si is often also referred to as trifluorosilane, although more properly referred to as trifluorosilyl.

Preparation
Trifluorosilane has been purified and separated by low-temperature high-vacuum distillation. One preparation method involves products of the reaction between SbF3 and HSiCl3. HSiCl3 is obtained by copper catalyzed reaction between HCl and Silicon at 200-400 °C.

Formation has also been reported in certain etching operations of silicon.

Properties
The electric dipole moment of trifluorosilane is 1.26 debye. The length of the silicon to fluorine bond is 1.555 Å, Si-H length is 1.55 Å, and ∠FSiF is 110°.

References

Further reading
  

Fluorides
Nonmetal halides
Silanes
DohVinci. Doh-Vinci is a Hasbro arts and craft toy which combines Play-Doh with 3D printing. The kits include a soft form of Play-Doh, a 3D styling tool and a base such as a vanity set for the children to decorate.  The Play-Doh comes in tubes which fit into the styling tool and are then extruded from a nozzle to make shapes in a similar manner to frosting cakes.  It is similar to the 3Doodler except uses Play-Doh instead of plastic.

See also
 Play-Doh
 3Doodler

References

External links
 Hasbro: DohVinci

Products introduced in 2014
Art and craft toys
Hasbro products
Hasbro brands
2010s toys
Clay toys
Comparison of 3D printers. This article contains a list of 3D printers.

Metrics 
Some important 3D printer metrics include:
 Print technology: 3D printing processes encompasses a variety of methods which each have their own unique challenges.
 Length of production run and support: 3D printers often require adjustments and parts replacement. A long production run often means that spare parts are also available.
 Maximum build volume: Defines how large parts that are possible to print on a given printer. Often measured in millimeters, but sometimes in inches or centimeters instead.
 Minimum layer resolution: Defines the resolution of the print (usually the vertical resolution). Often measured in micrometers (μm). The actual resolution of a printer can usually be adjusted within an interval.
 Print speed: Defines how fast the printer is, and is usually measured in millimeters per second (mm/s). The actual speed of a printer can usually be adjusted within an interval.
 Kit or assembled: Printers are usually sold either pre-assembled, partially assembled or as complete kits. Kits are usually less expensive, but also usually require more fitting and calibration.
 Open source: Some printer designs are released into the open source domain, which can include for instance hardware specifications, CAD files, board schematics and firmware files. Open source printer designs are often popular in online do it yourself-communities.
 Noise level: Measured in decibels (dB), and can vary greatly in home-printers from 15 dB to 75 dB. Some main sources of noise in filament printers are fans, motors and bearings, while in resin printers the fans usually are responsible for most of the noise. Some methods for dampening the noise from a printer may be to install vibration isolation, use larger diameter fans, perform maintenance and lubrication, or using a soundproofing enclosure.

Commercial printers

See also 
 List of 3D printer manufacturers
 3D printing processes

References

3D
BR-377 (Brazil highway). A BR-377 is an diagonal federal highway in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It connects the city of Carazinho to the border with Uruguay, in the Brazilian city of Quaraí. 

In Alegrete and Quaraí, there is a large production of rice and the creation of sheep. The production of soy and corn, among other crops, is large throughout the state.

References

Federal highways in Brazil
Grahamite. Grahamite, also known as Pyrobitumen or Anthraxolite, is a bitumen-impregnated rock (asphaltite). It is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen with a relatively high fixed carbon rate of 35–55% and high temperature of fusion. It occurs in Cuba, Mexico, and in West Virginia and Oklahoma, United States. Grahamite found in the Impson Valley of southeastern Oklahoma is known as impsonite.

Grahamite was named by Henry Wurtz after James Lorimer Graham, who was interested in commercial development of this mineral in West Virginia.

References

Organic minerals
Bitumen-impregnated rocks
Elephant-built bridge. An elephant bridge, in the sense of a bridge built largely by elephants working under skilled human supervision, is a bridge whose structure consists primarily of logs, that are both carried to the site and put in place, by domesticated Indian elephants. Typically they are built in conjunction with logging operations in South and Southeast Asia.

Elephant bridges were built for military purposes in World War II by the Allies in the China Burma India Theater, and operations behind the lines of invading Japanese troops were undertaken to move elephants and elephant handlers to behind Allied lines. The native personnel involved, and the elephants, were, before the arrival of Japanese forces, largely engaged in the logging of teak for export. The British soldier James Howard "Elephant Bill" Williams, who oversaw the evacuation, had worked in the Burma teak trade; the success of the operation is said to have hinged on his long-standing personal relationship with one particularly large elephant.

Further reading 
 Croke, Vicki Constantine, Elephant Company: The Inspiring Story of an Unlikely Hero and the Animals Who Helped Him Save Lives in World War II, Random House, 2014

References 

Bridges