omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
HSM-46. Helicopter Maritime Strike Four Six (HSM-46), the "Grandmasters", are a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida.  HSM-46 deploys aboard cruisers, destroyers, and aircraft carriers in independent operations or in support of strike groups. The squadron was established on 7 April 1988 as Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron (Light) Forty Six (HSL-46)

Mission and history
HSM-46 deploys Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) program helicopters to United States Navy warships performing search and rescue, vertical replenishment, medical evacuation, and communications relay and combat missions. Established at Mayport, Florida, on 7 April 1988, HSM-46 currently deploys ten detachments aboard Atlantic Fleet ships. A detachment normally consists of one or two aircraft, five to six pilots, two to three sensor operators, a maintenance chief, and eight to twelve maintenance personnel. A typical detachment deploys with its assigned ship for six months, with several shorter work-up cruises prior to the long deployment. The squadron is directly responsible to Commander, Helicopter Maritime Strike Wing, U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

The squadron is currently assigned to Carrier Air Wing 7 on board the aircraft carrier , replacing HSM-79.

Transition from HSL-46
HSL-46 was re-designated HSM-46 in March 2012 at Naval Station Mayport.

See also 
 History of the United States Navy
 US Navy Helicopter Squadrons
 MH-60R

References

Helicopter maritime strike squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations in Florida
In situ water treatment. In situ or direct dosing water treatment involves mixing and dosing chemical reagents directly into the affected water body for the treatment of a number of issues, instead of pumping water for treatment through a water treatment plant.


Applications 
Applications of in situ water treatment include acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment, turbidity control, algal control, nutrient pollution control, metal control, disinfection, chlorination, cyanide destruction, pH control, salinity control and lowering dissolved metals. 

In situ water treatment is commonly used in the mining industry for a number of applications including the treatment of acid mine drainage and turbidity. In situ treatment of turbidity is often used for controlling turbidity in stormwater collection ponds at coal mine sites and coal loading facilities especially in Australia and Indonesia.

Some municipalities with numerous small water storage reservoirs spread out over a geographical location use in situ treatment for the control of turbidity. Although rare chlorine has been dosed directly into water bodies for the purpose of disinfection.

Technologies 
There are a number of technologies available for the in situ water treatment. Reagent can be mixed into a slurry in a vertical mixing tank, or similar, and dosed directly into the water body (e.g. a tailings storage facility (TSF) or pond) via a pipeline. Some systems mix the reagent in a tank and spray it into the water body using a spray cannon.  Other technologies mix and dose into the water body using a mobile water based floating system.  

The technology must be selected carefully based on the application and the reagent selected. For example for the treatment of turbidity the flocculant must be evenly dispensed over the surface of the water body to allow it to settle through creating flocs.

References

Pollution control technologies
Water treatment
Elias Gyftopoulos. Elias Panayiotis Gyftopoulos (; July 4, 1927June 23, 2012) was a Greek-American engineer who contributed to thermodynamics both in its general formulation and its quantum foundations.

Gyftopoulos received an undergraduate degree in mechanical and electrical engineering in 1953 at the National Technical University of Athens, and a Doctor of Science degree in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1958. At MIT, he initially focused on nuclear reactor safety and control. After meeting professors George N. Hatsopoulos and Joseph H. Keenan, his interests moved towards thermodynamics, in an attempt to give a consistent and rigorous exposition, free of the logical flaws and the limitations commonly associated with this discipline: his contribution culminated with reference textbook which completely reformulates the foundations of the subject, offering a general non-statistical definition of entropy applicable to both macroscopic and microscopic systems, both in equilibrium and in non-equilibrium states, and providing strong background and deep understanding of many applications in energy engineering for modern graduate curricula. His research also pioneered the subject of quantum thermodynamics with an early effort to give a quantum basis to thermodynamics by means a physical theory unifying mechanics and thermodynamics.

Works 
 ISBN 9780486439327

 Elias P. Gyftopoulos complete collection of published scientific works

References

External links 
 Elias P. Gyftopoulos collected works and memorial tribute

Thermodynamicists
Greek emigrants to the United States
MIT School of Engineering faculty
National Technical University of Athens alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
1927 births
2012 deaths
People from Athens
Shanghai Construction Group. Shanghai Construction (Group) Corporation (SCG) is a Chinese construction and engineering company, ranked as the 16th largest construction company in the world based on 2011 revenues.

The group's listed arm Shanghai Construction Group Co., Ltd. (, ), was ranked at 1,096th on Forbes Global 2000 List, with a market cap of US$5.5 billion (as of May 2017).

The listed company was a constituent of SSE 180 Index and its sub-index SSE MidCap Index.

History
In the 1990s the company underwent fast-paced growth as the home city of Shanghai was finally allowed to join in the reform and growth sweeping China.  The city became a "builder's dream" and SCG benefited from the pent up zeal for projects with revenue climbing up 30% annually.  As the hometown builder, SCG is responsible for many of the landmarks of Shanghai including  Shanghai Tower.

International projects
SCG undertakes overseas construction projects and mining in Eritrea. It has an international focused subsidiary, the Shanghai (Group) Corporation for Foreign Economic & Technological Cooperation (SEFCO Group).

The company's construction of a five star hotel in Cairo despite local political instability was cited by the New York Times in 2012 as an example of the endurance Chinese companies had in their bid to establish operations in Egypt.

The SEFCO Group, a subsidiary of the company, acquired a 60% share in an Eritrean gold mine for $80 million at the end of 2011.

In February 2014, Shanghai Construction Group was awarded a contract for a sewage tunnelling project in Edmonton, Canada. The $11-million bid marked the first time that a Chinese firm had done tunnelling work in North America.

In 2014, the company was also contracted by the Tanzanian Ministry of Defence and National Service to construct 12,000 housing units for the Tanzanian Peoples’ Defence Force (TPDF) in a project financed by a $550m loan from the Exim Bank of China.

Through an American subsidiary, the Group bought the Hyatt Regency Orange County hotel for $137 million in 2015, following a trend in which Chinese state owned construction firms are increasingly investing in overseas real estate.

Footnotes

References

See also
 Shanghai Municipal Investment Group
 Shanghai Jiushi Group

Companies owned by the provincial government of China
Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Metal companies of China
Gold mining companies of China
Chinese companies established in 1994
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1994
1994 establishments in China
Wilhelm Emil Fein. Wilhelm Emil Fein (16 January 1842 – 6 October 1898) was a German inventor. He invented the worldwide first portable electric drill.

Life 

In 1867, he and his brother Carl founded their own company. Amongst other inventions, he invented an electric motor for machine tools.

Works by Fein 

 Elektrische Apparate, Maschinen und Einrichtungen

Awards 
 1891: Württembergische Staatsmedaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft

External links 
 Deutsche Biographie:Wilhelm Emil Fein (German)

Reference

19th-century German inventors
German company founders
19th-century German businesspeople
1842 births
1898 deaths
Ronald Hill (South Shetland Islands). Ronald Hill is a rocky, ice-free hill, 105 m in height, standing north of Kroner Lake on Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It was charted, photographed and named by Olaf Holtedahl of the Norwegian expedition 1927–28, after the floating factory SS Ronald, which belonged to the Hektor Whaling Company. and was anchored at Deception Island in 1911-12 and many later seasons.

Antarctic Specially Protected Area
The hill forms part of an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 140), comprising several separate sites on Deception Island, and designated as such primarily for its botanic and ecological values.

References

Geography of Deception Island
Hills of the South Shetland Islands
Antarctic Specially Protected Areas
Project Hindsight. Project Hindsight was an American retrospective study conducted to determine the effectiveness of several post-World War II weapons research projects. The project was conducted by the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, a sub-agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The study ran from 1963 to 1967 and the final report was published in October 1969 and released to the public in September 1970. An interim report was published in 1966.

Parameters
The project had two goals: the first was to identify R&D management productivity and the second was to measure the overall cost-effectiveness of using recently developed weapon systems compared to their predecessors that were in use 10 to 20 years earlier. The project conducted the examination of 20 weapon systems, other military equipment, and the contribution of R&D during World War II identified in the study as "events".

Findings 
Of all 'events' studied by Project Hindsight, 91% were technological, and only 9% were classed as science. Within the latter category 8.7% were applied science, whereas only 0.3%, or two 'events', were due to basic or undirected science. This particular finding undermined the traditional view that technological progress is the outcome of basic research since the direct influence of science on technology is very small. On the other hand, it confirmed the DoD's research strategy, citing that the investment on science and technology from 1946 to 1962 "has been paid many times over".

Responses
As science and technology studies scholar Edwin Layton observed in 1971, 'the publication of these results produced a spate of indignant letters to the editors of Science.' He noted that many of these letters missed the point, and instead should focus on the interaction between science and technology rather than attempting to demonstrate that fundamental scientific research influences technology development more than Project Hindsight had suggested. 

He also called attention to a subsequent study, Technology in Retrospect and Critical Events in Science (TRACES), which 'revealed cases in which mission-oriented research or development effort elicited later nonmission research, which often was found to be crucial to the ultimate innovation'. TRACES was a study undertaken to challenge Project Hindsight's conclusions through the examination of civilian technologies and their development.

References

Further reading
 Gibbons, M and Johnston R, 'The Roles of Science in Technological Innovation' Research Policy 4 (1974), 220–242. 
 Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute. Technology in retrospect and critical events in science (Project Traces). National Science Foundation, Chicago (1968). Volume 1 Volume 2

United States Department of Defense
Research projects
Military projects of the United States
Incobrasa Industries. Incobrasa Industries Limited is a biodiesel manufacturing firm in Gilman, Illinois. The firm was founded by Brazilian businessman Renato Ribeiro. Construction began in 1995 on a 2,000 ton-per-day soybean crushing facility, and the company started production in 1997. The company built on-site bottling and packaging facilities in 2004 in order to fill, label and package bottles of soybean oil for retailers. The line can fill around 24,000 bottles per hour of soybean oil, known by consumers as vegetable oil.

The company processes and distributes a variety of soybean products.

The company leases a fleet of 100 5,259 ft³ covered hopper cars to transport soybeans to the plant. The cars are leased from First Union Rail Corporation and operate under reporting marks FURX and BRIX.

Radio service
Incobrasa Industries runs a radio station under call sign WNVW879, using 3 frequencies for use around the plant. A mobile relay and two mobile stations are allowed to cover a 56.0 km radius per the FCC license.

References

External links
 Incobrasa homepage

Biodiesel producers
Bioregenerative life support system. Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are artificial ecosystems consisting of many complex symbiotic relationships among higher plants, animals, and microorganisms. As the most advanced life support technology, BLSS can provide a habitation environment similar to Earth's biosphere for space missions with extended durations, in deep space, and with multiple crews. These systems consist of artificial ecosystems into which plants and microorganisms that allow oxygen production, carbon dioxide fixation of carbon, water purification, waste recycling, and production of foods. In these systems, photosynthetic organisms would be used as plants and algae that provide biomass for food and oxygen, as well as microorganisms that degrade and recycle waste compounds generated by human activity, as well as unused plant debris in food.

See also

References

Space research
Trevor Coleman. Trevor Coleman is a co-founder of InteraXon, a Canadian company specializing in software for Non-invasive Brain-computer interfaces. The company presented an installation at Ontario House during the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic Games that allowed users in Vancouver to control the lights on the CN Tower, Niagara Falls and the Canadian Parliament Buildings. Interaxon also created the world's first thought-controlled in-flight entertainment system, which they demonstrated at the On the Wings of Innovation conference organized by the Ontario Government and Ontario Aerospace Council in Windsor in June 2010.

Before co-founding InteraXon, Trevor Coleman studied Cognitive Science at York University while he worked in the entertainment industry, booking and promoting shows at non-traditional venues, and referred to himself as "King of the Hipsters." Venues he worked with included The Boat, a former Portuguese seafood restaurant that is more commonly used as a music venue, Teranga, a Senegalese restaurant & bar and Baby Dolls, a Toronto strip club.

He was also invited to be a guest booker at Wavelength, a long-running Toronto independent music series and was invited to participate in a panel entitled "Torontopia vs Dystopia" at Wavelength 300, a festival to celebrate the series' anniversary.

In 2010, Trevor Coleman was invited to be a featured speaker at the North by North East Interactive conference, where he gave a talk entitled "Thought Controlled Everything." In 2011 he spoke at the FITC Emerging Technology in Advertising conference, the Canadian Marketing Association's Digital Day and Strategy Online's ATOMIC conference.

In November, 2011 he was vocal in declaring the Project Black Mirror brainwave-to-Siri hack a hoax and his blog post on the subject was cited as an authority by a number of blogs and websites.

References

External links 
 Toronto Star - Naked Ambition in Deejay Scene

Canadian business executives
Canadian technology company founders
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Classification of Types of Construction. The Classification of types of construction (CC), is a nomenclature for the classification of constructions (i.e. buildings) according to their type. It is based on the CPC that was published by the United Nations in 1991. Its final version was approved in 1997.

The decimal system classification - each type is qualified by a four-digit number - comprises:
2 Sections (1-digit) - Buildings, Civil engineering works
6 Divisions (2-digit)
20 Groups (3-digit)
46 Classes (4-digit)

The CC is a "standard that must be taken into account in recording, collecting, processing, analysing, transmitting and disseminating data on construction works for statistical and record-keeping purposes" in various European countries and  Eurostat.

The classification of types of construction should not be confused with the 16 Divisions or 50 Divisions, which separates construction projects by specifications and trade.

References

Classification systems
INESC-ID. The Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Investigação e Desenvolvimento (INESC-ID, English: Institute of Systems and Computer Engineering - Research and Development) is a non-profit, privately owned institution of public interest, in Lisbon, Portugal, dedicated to advanced research and development in the domains of electronics, energy, telecommunications and information technologies. It was awarded the status of Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry for Science and Technology in 2005.

History and organization
INESC-ID was founded in 2000, from a branch of the Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC), and was awarded in 2005 with the status of "Laboratório Associado". The founding associates are INESC and Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), the engineering school of the University of Lisbon.

Since its inception, INESC-ID has been involved in several research projects and contracts at national and international level.  INESC-ID has participated in more than 50 research projects funded by the European Union, being responsible for and coordinating at least 4, and more than 190 by national entities.

The general management of the organization is ensured by the Board of Directors, designated by the general Council, and by the President of the Scientific Council.

Research areas
With the aim of advancing the state of the art in computers, energy, telecommunications, and information systems, more than 100 PhD researchers and 200 other fellows and technical staff, mainly with electrical engineering and computer science background, organize their activities in 11 main research areas:

 Artificial Intelligence for People and Society;
 Automated Reasoning and Software Reliability;
 Communication Networks;
 Distributed, Parallel and Secure Systems;
 Graphics and Interaction;
Green Energy and Smart Converters;
High-Performance Computing Architectures and Systems;
Human Language Technologies;
Information and Decision Support Systems;
Nano-Electronic Circuits and Systems;
Sustainable Power Systems.

References

External links
 INESC-ID official website
INESC official website
 IST official website

Research institutes in Portugal
BIM Task Group. The Building Information Modelling (BIM) Task Group was a UK Government-funded group, managed through the Cabinet Office, created in 2011, and superseded in 2017 by the Centre for Digital Built Britain.

History

Holding its first meeting in May 2011 and chaired by Mark Bew, the BIM Task Group was founded to "drive adoption of BIM across government" in support of the Government Construction Strategy. It aimed to strengthen the public sector's capabilities in BIM implementation to that all central government departments could adopt, as a minimum, collaborative 'Level 2' BIM by 2016.

The core BIM task force, to which companies seconded employees, identified four work streams, each led by a core team member: stakeholder and media engagement, delivery and productivity, commercial and legal, and training and academia. Working parties were established to focus on particular areas including: training and education, COBie data set requirements, Plan of Works, software vendors (the BIM Technologies Alliance), contractors (UK Contractors Group, now superseded by Build UK), and materials and products suppliers (Construction Products Association).

In early 2014, it was announced that the BIM Task Group would be wound down during 2015, with a "managed handover" during 2015 to a newly created "legacy group", though there was speculation that the group's life might be extended to help achieve a new BIM 'Level 3' target.

In October 2016, an updated BIM Task Group delivering the February 2015 Digital Built Britain strategy was announced at the Institution of Civil Engineers BIM 2016 Conference in a keynote speech by Mark Bew. The work of the BIM Task Group then continued under the stewardship of the Cambridge-based Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB), announced in December 2017 and formally launched in early 2018.

Since 2016, industry adoption of BIM has been led by the UK BIM Alliance, formed to champion and enable the implementation of BIM, and to connect and represent organisations, groups and individuals working towards digital transformation of the UK's built environment industry. The former BIM Technologies Alliance was reconstituted as a group managed by the UK BIM Alliance. In October 2019, CDBB, the UK BIM Alliance and the BSI Group launched the UK BIM Framework. Superseding the BIM levels approach, the framework describes an overarching approach to implementing BIM in the UK, integrating the international ISO 19650 series of standards into UK processes and practice.

References

Data modeling
Computer-aided design
Construction industry of the United Kingdom
Building engineering organizations
Building information modeling
Mark Bew. Mark Bew MBE (born 5 March 1967) is an English engineer and chairman of the PCSG consultancy business, formerly ECS. Until January 2015, he was also chairman of BuildingSMART's UK chapter, and, from 2011 to 2016, was chair of the UK Government's BIM Task Group, a body created to drive implementation of building information modelling (BIM) across UK public sector construction projects.

Mark Bew worked at John Laing Construction, was business systems director with Costain, and then director of business information systems at URS Scott Wilson, before founding his own company, Engineering Construction Strategies (now a division of PCSG), to focus on the UK BIM strategy. In January 2012, he was recognised in the New Year Honours with an MBE for services to the construction sector.

References

External links
BIM Task Group | A UK Government Initiative

Computer-aided design
Construction in the United Kingdom
Building information modeling
1967 births
Living people
English civil engineers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Teamwork & Technology: For Today and Tomorrow. General Motors in 1988 held the largest exhibition to that date of its vehicle design and technology, called Teamwork & Technology: For Today and Tomorrow, at New York's Waldorf-Astoria hotel, site of the first Motorama exhibition in 1949.

Multi-media for the event was presented on a bank of 240 monitors produced by Bob Rogers (designer) and BRC Imagination Arts. This display was noteworthy as twice the size of the largest previous video-monitor display that time.

Introductions

 Buick Lucerne Concept
 Cadillac Voyage Concept
 Chevrolet Venture Concept
 GMC Centaur Concept
 Pontiac Banshee Concept

An unnamed sports car concept was also shown, but only as a clay model. The logo for Saturn corporation made its debut at Teamwork & Technology.

References

Auto shows in the United States
General Motors
1988 in the United States
Waldorf Astoria New York