omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BAT F.K.27. The BAT F.K.27 was a two-seater sporting biplane designed by Frederick Koolhoven and built by the British Aerial Transport Company Limited (BAT) in 1918.

Design and development
The F.K.27 was a sesquiplane two-seater with side-by-side seating staggered en echelon to starboard. The two bay sesquiplane wings were arranged conventionally, with the lower mainplane attached to the bottom of the fuselage and the upper mainplane supported on cabane struts above the fuselage and solid built up inter-plane struts. The fixed under-carriage consisted of strut supported main-wheels and a sprung tailskid at the rear extremity of the fuselage. Powered by a  ABC Wasp II, the F.K.27 was also aerobatic.

Specifications (F.K. 27)

Notes

References

External links

Koolhoven aircraft

1910s British aircraft
Sesquiplanes
F.K.27
F.K.27
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Roewe E50. The Roewe E50 is an all-electric car that is manufactured by the Chinese manufacturer Roewe.

Overview
The E50 was originally unveiled as the E1 concept car at the 2012 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition. In November 2012, SAIC Motor introduced the production version of the Roewe E50, a four-seater supermini sized hatchback for the market in China.

The E50 has a 47 kW motor and an 18 kWh battery pack supplied by A123 Systems that delivers a range of  and a top speed of up to . The E50 uses several lightweight materials from Evonik to reduce energy consumption and to achieve lower emissions.

In 2012, the electric car pricing started at  () before available government incentives, and SAIC's goal was to sell 1,000 units within the first year in the market. Retail deliveries began in Shanghai in January 2013.

The E50 is subject to a cash rebate of  () from the central government, another  () from the Shanghai municipal government, and also is exempted from the city's license plate fee, which by January 2013 had a cost of  (), but the new energy car plates, or EV plates, are non transferable.

As of 2013, these incentives were thought to make the E50 competitive with the price of an economy family car.

MG Dynamo EV

The E50 was provided the basis of MG Dynamo EV, a concept car shown in the United Kingdom during spring 2014. The Dynamo uses a 71bhp electric motor developing 155Nm of torque, and has a range of 50 miles on a single charge.

References

External links

Production electric cars
2010s cars
E50
Cars introduced in 2012
Cars of China
Musse Olol. Musse Olol (, ), also known as Muse A. Olol Diinle, is a Somali-American engineer and social activist. He is the Chairman of the Somali American Council of Oregon (SACOO).

Background

Early years
Olol was born and raised in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. He later emigrated to Oregon in the United States, where he would live for the next 30 years. He eventually became an American citizen.

Education
For his post-secondary education, Olol attended the local Portland State University. There, he earned a degree in mechanical engineering.

Career
Olol is an engineer by profession. He specializes in water and wastewater engineering.

Olol is noted for his social work with the Somali American Council of Oregon (SACOO), serving as its Chairman and official spokesperson. His duties with the organization include volunteering as a counselor, facilitator, interpreter and co-sponsor. SACOO offers guidance to new Somali families and works closely with state and federal authorities to strengthen civic relations.

Olol is a graduate of the FBI's Citizens Academy.

Awards

For his many contributions to the Somali community through SACOO, Olol was presented in Washington, D.C., with the FBI's 2011 Director's Community Leadership Award (DCLA). The prize is issued annually to individuals or groups that have earned distinction through service to society.

In 2014, Olol was named one of the 31 Arab Americans Who Have Had an Impact on America by Thrival Room.

References

Living people
Ethnic Somali people
People from Mogadishu
Somalian activists
Somalian engineers
Somalian emigrants to the United States
Portland State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Oregon
Activists from Oregon
Magnesium Elektron. Magnesium Elektron Ltd (MEL or the Mag) is a British materials manufacturer which produces magnesium and zirconium metals and compounds. Since 2018 it has traded as Luxfer MEL Technologies, following a series of mergers and acquisitions. It is still based in Manchester.

History

The company was founded in 1934, as the British Magnesium (Elektronmetal) Ltd. In 1935 it became Magnesium Elektron Ltd, formed as a joint venture between ICI (48%), I.G. Farbenindustrie (30%) and F.A. Hughes & Co (22%). It started by producing Elektron  (or Elektronmetall) under licence. Elektron was first developed in 1908 by Gustav Pistor and Wilhelm Moschel at the Bitterfeld works of Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron (CFGE or CFG), whose headquarters was in Griesheim am Main, Germany.

In 1936, the company opened a factory on Lumns Lane at Clifton Junction, to the north west of Manchester, to produce magnesium metal. A second plant near Burnley began operation in 1943. During the Second World War, the company made an important contribution to the nation's war effort producing thousands of tons of magnesium metal alloys for the aircraft industry.

During the late 1940s, the company diversified into the production of zirconium and its compounds, and was acquired by the Distillers Company in 1951. Zirconium carbonate production commenced in 1956, to meet a growing demand from the paint, paper and textile industries.

In the 1950s MEL developed magnesium alloys (known collectively as magnox) with non-oxidising properties for use in the cladding of fuel rods for the UK's magnox nuclear power stations. The production of hafnium metal for use in Britain's nuclear submarines began in 1958.

In 1961, Magnesium Elektron became a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Aluminium Company. In 1996, the company was sold to the Luxfer Group. In 2018 it was recombined with MEL Chemicals to become Luxfer MEL Technologies.

References

External links
 http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Magnesium_Elektron

Chemical companies of England
Chemical companies established in 1934
British companies established in 1934
Manufacturing companies based in Manchester
1934 establishments in England
Mike Cafarella. 

Mike Cafarella is a computer scientist specializing in database management systems. He is a principal research scientist of computer science at MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Before coming to MIT, he was a professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan from 2009 to 2020. Along with Doug Cutting, he is one of the original co-founders of the Hadoop and Nutch open-source projects. Cafarella was born in New York City but moved to Westwood, MA early in his childhood. After completing his bachelor's degree at Brown University, he earned a Ph.D. specializing in database management systems at the University of Washington under Dan Suciu and Oren Etzioni. He was also involved in several notable start-ups, including Tellme Networks, and co-founder of Lattice Data, which was acquired by Apple in 2017.

Education

 Ph.D., Computer Science, June 2009. University of Washington.
 M.Sc., Computer Science, 2005. University of Washington.
 M.Sc., Artificial Intelligence, 1997. University of Edinburgh.
 B.S., Computer Science, 1996. Brown University.

References

External links
 Personal web page at MIT
 Profile page at CSAIL
 Personal web page at University of Michigan
 Michigan Database Group home page

Living people
American computer scientists
Database researchers
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
Brown University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Plastics in the construction industry. Plastic is the generic name for a family of synthetic materials derived from petrochemicals. It is often product of two or more components. 
 
There are many families of plastics and polymers being used in construction industry, such as acrylics, composites, expanded polystyrene, polycarbonates, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride.

Merits and Limitations
Plastics are very versatile construction materials. The unique properties of plastics allow them to form tight seals, and they are useful as both thermal and electrical insulators. Plastics are strong yet lightweight, so they are easy to transport & maneuver. They are also durable and resistant to bumps and scratches. They do not rot or corrode (like wood or metal), and have excellent weatherability. Plastics can be shaped for use by extrusion, bending, molding, and cutting, allowing a wide variety of shapes to be made of plastic. Plastics can also be made any color through the addition of pigments.

Nevertheless, there are limitations to the use of plastic. Plastics have a low modulus of elasticity, which makes them unsuitable for load-bearing applications. Plastics can also degrade when exposed to sunlight, and many types of plastic soften and deform when heated. Plastics are also flammable and often release toxic fumes when burnt. They are not biodegradable and difficult to recycle, so they are not an environmentally friendly building material.

Products
Below are some uses for plastics in the construction industry:

 Pipes for rain water, sewage, gas distribution, and organizing wires may be made of plastic.
 Cable insulation and insulating tape is usually made of plastic.
 Plastic may be used in flooring and roofing materials.
 Doors, window panels, and skylights may be made of plastic.
 Washers, nuts, bolts, and other hardware might be made of plastic. 
 Insulating materials are often made of plastic. 
 Plastic can be used to build temporary and portable structures, such as tents and sheds.

References

Plastics
TAI Gözcü. TAI Gözcü is a radio-controlled short-range tactical drone. Designed, developed and built by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is in use by the Turkish Armed Forces for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance purposes. Gözcü is the Turkish word for observer.

Overview
Built of composite material, the drone is launched from a catapult, and is recovered by parachute. It has  max. takeoff weight and can reach an altitude of . Having  max. payload capacity, TIA Gözcü carries EO/IR sensor, and transfers real-time video imagery in a range up to . It has waypoint navigation and autonomous flight capabilities.

The UAV with delta wings and V-tail is propelled by a rotary engine in pusher configuration having , and can cruise with a max. speed of . Its endurance is over 120 minutes.

Development
The maiden flight of the drone took place on March 6, 2007. The first flight with camera was on April 4, 2007. The prototype of TAI Gözcü was presented to public at the International Defence Industry Fair IDEF in Mai 2007, and took part in the Victory Day parade end August the same year. The following flight tests in September 2007 showed that the UAV was in the beginning unable to monitor the vehicles in the terrain, over them it was flying, because it was too fast. Unlike the target drones the surveillance drones must fly slower, the TAI officials admitted. In 2011, it was reported that the flight tests were successfully completed.

TAI Gözcü is intended to serve nonstop for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in military operations against infiltration and activities of terrorists in southeastern Turkey.

Specifications

See also
 Bayraktar Mini UAV
 Bayraktar TB2
 Bayraktar Akıncı
 Bayraktar Tactical UAS
 TAI Anka
 TAI Aksungur

References

External links
 Images of TAI Gözcü at Facebook
 İmage of TAI Gözcü at Turk Military

Unmanned military aircraft of Turkey
Gozcu
Turkish military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Delta-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
2000s Turkish military aircraft
Musgravite. Musgravite or magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S is a rare oxide mineral used as a gemstone. Its type locality is the Ernabella Mission, Musgrave Ranges, South Australia, for which it was named following its discovery in 1967. It is a member of the taaffeite family of minerals, and its chemical formula is Be(Mg, Fe, Zn)2Al6O12. Its hardness is 8 to 8.5 on the Mohs scale. Due to its rarity, the mineral can sell for roughly USD$35,000 per carat.

See also
List of minerals

References

Oxide minerals
Gemstones
William Robert Sykes. William Robert Sykes (1840–1917) was a British engineer from London, known for his work in railway signalling and other safety devices. He is noted for the invention of the Sykes ‘Lock and block’  interlocking system of points and signals.

Career 
Born in London in April 1840, Sykes obtained a job with the Electric and International Telegraph Company in the Strand, at the age of 14.  He was interested in clocks, and his knowledge of clockmaking became blended with his knowledge of the electrical telegraph.  In 1861 he moved to Shepherds, an electric clock & chronograph maker and in 1863 he joined the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) under the telegraph superintendent, Mr Ruddall. He became interested in railway safety and by 1865 he had introduced three significant advances in this field. These were:  an electrical repeater, showing the position of signals out of sight of the signalman; an automatic recording device showing what block signals had been sent and received, and a short length of track circuiting at Brixton. In 1872 he devised a scheme where trains on the District Railway automatically turned signals to red as they passed them.

Lock and block 
In 1874 Sykes approached James Staats Forbes with a scheme to interlock the signals and points of three successive LCDR signal boxes in outer London.  This proved to be a success and resulted in his patented system known as ‘lock and block’. From 1875 the Board of Trade began to commend the new system in its Railway Accident Reports and so it was gradually adopted by other British Railways.  In 1882 the system was first installed in the USA where it was known as the ‘controlled manual blocking system.’ The system was also used in Russia and Japan.

Sykes also devised an electro-mechanical method of working points and signals which was tried out at Penge tunnel.

1899–1917 
At the formation of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in 1899, Sykes retired from the railway and formed the W.R. Sykes Interlocking Signal Company.  The company became part of the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company Ltd after Syke’s death in 1917.

References

Sources 
 .
 
 

British railway pioneers
1840 births
1917 deaths
Interlocking systems
19th-century British businesspeople
Imberhorne Viaduct. Imberhorne Viaduct is a Grade II listed railway viaduct located in East Grinstead, West Sussex, South-East England. Closed in 1958, the structure was brought back into use as part of the preserved  Bluebell Railway heritage line in 2013, allowing trains to continue to East Grinstead railway station.

Construction and operation
Built to span the lands of Imberhorne Farm, it was designed and engineered by Frederick Banister, then Chief Engineer for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. Built as part of the Lewes and East Grinstead Railway and built to allow double-track operations, it is  in length and spanning the valley at a maximum height of . Construction started in 1880, with ten brick arches each with a span of  reaching a maximum height of , each having no fewer than eight rings. The parapets have five panels above each arch, and there are brick string courses below. A feature of the viaduct is that the imposts are of stone on the face of the piers, but brick within the arches.

Opened in 1882, and also known as Hill Place Viaduct, it carried the Lewes and East Grinstead Railway south from  to , and onwards to .

Closure and listing

After the closure of the Lewes and East Grinstead Line south from East Grinstead in 1958, the track on the viaduct remained in place to allow the stabling of carriages. Imberhorne cutting located south of the viaduct was designated as a domestic rubbish dump, and infilled with waste during the 1970s. After various local residents requested the demolition of the decaying viaduct, the structure was listed from 15 September 1988.

Reopening 

In 1992, after British Rail had closed the carriage sidings and undertaken required emergency repair work to the whole structure, the viaduct was donated to the Bluebell Railway Preservation Society. Further renovation was undertaken subsequently, including waterproofing the deck, brickwork repairs and repointing.

After reaching  in 1994, the Bluebell Railway Society undertook renovation of the section to reconnect the line with East Grinstead. After negotiation with the council over sharing the costs of removing accumulated rubbish from Imberhorne cutting, the Society relaid track across the viaduct south to allow removal of the rubbish north via Network Rail, to be reburied in Oxfordshire.

On 7 March 2013 the Bluebell Railway was reconnected with East Grinstead and the viaduct is now in regular use for passenger trains. The first scheduled service ran across the viaduct on 23 March 2013, following 55 years of disuse.

Television appearance 
Imberhorne Viaduct was used during the filming of the Foyle's War episode The Russian House. At the beginning of the episode, an escaped prisoner of war is running from the East Grinstead end of the viaduct. Once surrounded, he then leaps from the bridge.

The Viaduct appears in the Mercedes Benz Smart Forfour advert. The car-train hybrid is shown driving over the viaduct using the rail line, now owned by the Bluebell Railway.

References

Grade II listed buildings in West Sussex
East Grinstead
Bluebell Railway
Railway viaducts in West Sussex
Bridges completed in 1882
Hideo Hosono. is a Japanese material scientist most known for the discovery of iron-based superconductors.

Hosono, Hideki Shirakawa and Yoshinori Ohsumi are the three keynote speakers at the Institute of Integrated Research (IIR) founding lecture at the Institute of Science Tokyo.

Early life and education 
Hosono was born in September 1953 in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, one of the satellite cities of Tokyo. Dropped out of high school (National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College) in 1974, graduated from the Department of Industrial Chemistry of Tokyo Metropolitan University (TMU) in 1977, and obtained a doctorate in engineering from TMU in 1982.

Career and research 
Hosono is also a pioneer in developing transparent oxide semiconductors: he proposed a material design concept for a transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) with large electron mobility, demonstrated the excellent performance of TAOS thin film transistors for next generation displays and successfully converted a cement constituent 12CaO·7Al2O3 into transparent semiconductor, metal, and eventually superconductors.

Selected publications
According to the Web of Science, Hideo Hosono has co-authored 5 articles with more than 1000 citations each (as of September 2019):

Awards and honors
 2009 – Bernd T. Matthias Prize for Superconductivity
 2009 – Medal of Honor (Purple Ribbon)
 2012 – Nishina Memorial Prize
 2013 – Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates
 2015 – Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy
 2016 – Japan Prize
 2017 – Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society
 2018 – Materials Research Society's Von Hippel Award 
 2022 – Eduard Rhein Technology Award

References

External links
Hideo Hosono (2014) "Impression-Inspired Materials Research", Vimeo Youtube.

1953 births
Living people
Japanese physicists
Academic staff of Tokyo Institute of Technology
People from Kawagoe, Saitama
Foreign members of the Royal Society
Tokyo Metropolitan University alumni
Dom-Ino House. Dom-Ino House () is an open floor plan modular structure designed by  the pioneering architect Le Corbusier in 1914–1915. This design became the foundation for most of his architecture for the next ten years.

History
It was a prototype as the physical platform for the mass production of housing. The name is a pun that combines an allusion to domus (Latin for house) and the pieces of the game of dominoes,  because the floor plan resembled the game and because the units could be aligned in a series like dominoes, to make row houses of different patterns.

Design

This model proposed an open floor plan consisting of concrete slabs supported by a minimal number of thin, reinforced concrete columns around the edges, with a stairway providing access to each level on one side of the floor plan.  The frame was to be completely independent of the floor plans of the houses thus giving freedom to design the interior configuration. The model eliminated load-bearing walls and the supporting beams for the ceiling.

See also
Glass House 
Farnsworth House

References

Le Corbusier
Modernist architecture
Brian Silverman. Brian Silverman is a Canadian computer scientist, the creator of many programming environments for children, and a researcher in cellular automata.

Silverman was a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1970s, where he was one of the creators of a tinkertoy computer that played tic-tac-toe. As a student at MIT, Silverman had worked with Seymour Papert, and when Papert founded Logo Computer Systems, Inc. in 1980 to commercialize the Logo programming language, Silverman became its director of research. He later worked as a consulting scientist at the MIT Media Lab, where he ported Logo to "programmable bricks", a precursor to Lego Mindstorms, and where he was one of the developers of the Scratch programming language. He is the co-founder, along with Paula Bonta and Mitchel Resnick, and president of the Playful Invention Company, headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which develops the Programmable Cricket, a spin-off from the Media Lab.

Silverman was part of a team that reverse-engineered the MOS Technology 6502 and Intel 4004 microprocessors and developed transistor-level emulators for them, and that ported Spacewar!, one of the earliest digital computer games, to Java, by writing another emulator for the PDP-1 on which the game was originally written.
He also invented several well-known cellular automaton rules, including Brian's Brain, Seeds, and Wireworld; working with his brother Barry Silverman he recovered the IBM APL\360 sources from tape to a state where they could be run on a mainframe emulator.

Selected publications
.
.
.
.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian computer scientists
Cellular automatists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Programming language designers
WINGCON. WINGCON AG is a German company that operates in the telecommunications industry. The company is specialized to design, develop and provide telecom products as well as consulting services worldwide with focus on GSM-Railway. WINGCON's communication products include Blackbox Recording Centers (voice & video recording systems), Short Message Service Centers, SMS gateways, location-based services, as well as billing mediation devices.

References 

Telecommunications companies of Germany
GSM standard
Telecommunications equipment
Telecommunications systems
Mobile technology
Visibroker. VisiBroker is an object request broker (ORB) from Rocket Software (formerly from OpenText, Micro Focus, Borland, and Visigenic) that fully supports the CORBA standard. VisiBroker for Java is written in Java and can run in any Java environment. VisiBroker for C++ provides ANSI C++ interfaces for maximum source portability.
VisiBroker offers features such as support for the C++ programming language, object naming, the ability to distribute objects across a network, support for persistent objects, dynamic object creation and interoperability with other ORB implementations.

References

Common Object Request Broker Architecture