omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rapid voltage change. A rapid voltage change or RVC is  one of the  power-quality (PQ)  issue related to voltage disturbance. "According to IEC 61000-4-30, Ed. 3  standard, RVC is defined as "a quick transition in root means square (r.m.s.) voltage occurring between two steady-state conditions, and during which the r.m.s. voltage does not exceed the dip/swell thresholds." Switching processes such as motor starting, capacitor bank on/off, load switching, or transformer tap-changer operations can all create RVCs. Moreover, they can also be induced by sudden load variations or by disturbance in power output from distributed energy sources such as solar or wind power system. The main known effect of rapid voltage changes is light flicker, but other non-flicker effects also have been reported.

Rapid voltage change effect 
The RVC voltage disturbance level is not as big as sag / dip and swell. While RVC events generally are not destructive for electronic equipment, it can be annoying for final users as they may influence light flicker.

References 

Electronics
Voltage stability
Electric power
Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station. Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station (KGL), is a  hydroelectric power station in Zambia.

Background 
As of 2017, according to USAID, Zambia had installed generating capacity of 2,800 megawatts. Of these, 2,380 megawatts (85 percent) was hydroelectricity. Peak electricity demand in Zambia has been recorded at 1,960 megawatts, with growth in electricity demand estimated at between 150 MW and 200 MW every year. Approximately 70 percent of national electricity output is consumed by the country's mines in the Copperbelt Province.

In October 2015, after the requisite feasibility and environmental studies, the engineering, procurement and construction contract was awarded to Sinohydro, a Chinese, state-owned hydropower engineering and construction company. The contract price is reported as US$2 billion, with 85 percent borrowed from the Exim Bank of China, and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. The government of Zambia was to invest the remaining 15 percent in the project.

Location
The power station is located along the Kafue River, between the Kafue Gorge Upper Power Station upstream and the confluence of the Kafue River with the Zambezi River downstream. The power station is located approximately , by road, south of Lusaka, Zambia's capital city. The geographical coordinates of Kafue Gorge Lower Power Station are:15°53'46.0"S, 28°33'33.0"E (Latitude:-15.896111; Longitude:28.559167).

Construction
Construction of the power station began in November 2015. As of July 2019, the contractor expected to conclude during the fourth quarter of 2020. During construction, over 3,000 jobs were created. In September 2019, construction of the dam and power station were halted due to financial difficulties.

In July 2021, one of the five turbines (Turbine Number 2) was commercially commissioned to supply 150 megawatts to the Zambian national grid.

In March 2023, last of the five turbines was started. President Hakainde Hichilema officially commissioned the power station. Throughout its construction, the project has created 15,000 local jobs and has significantly contributed to the growth of the local construction, trade, and transportation sectors. Additionally, it has spurred the development of infrastructure surrounding the hydropower station. After construction, the hydropower plant will boost Zambia's power capacity by nearly 38%.

Funding
The below table summarizes the funding sources for the power station alone, without the related power line, road and other infrastructure.

Operations
The power generated will be evacuated via a 330-kilovolt transmission line, measuring approximately  to Lusaka, for integration into the national power grid.

See also

List of power stations in Zambia

References

External links
 Construction of hydro power station at Kafue Gorge suspended As of 11 September 2019.
 Feasibility Study of the Kafue Gorge Lower Hydroelectric Project As at 18 August 2010.

Power stations in Zambia
Chikankata District
Hydroelectric power stations in Zambia
Kafue River
INTA-100. The INTA-100 vehicle was a small 2-stage meteorological sounding rocket designed and developed between the 1980s and the 1990s by the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA). The final design was entirely produced in Spain to be used by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INM now part of the AEMET) in conducting experiments on the atmosphere.

Body 
The rocket was a small cylindrical rod 4 meters in length and 10 cm of diameter and a total weight of 70 kg. It was divided into two sections: 1st stage (codename INTA S-12) and the 2nd stage (codename Urbión in reference to the Iberian peaks of the same name) each with its own stabilizing fins. This configuration allowed up to 6 kg of payload with a flight apoapsis of 115 km.

Development 
The INTA 100 sounding rocket project was initiated in 1980. With help from the British company Bristol Aerojet, the first launch took place in June 1984, with six additional launches performed by 1986. The main drive behind these test was to further develop and improve rocket engines and their guidance system. With one notable exception, all test were highly successful in helping develop a hybrid inertial/infrared guidance system that would later be used in several of INTA's satellites (such as the Minisat 01 ETRV and the Nanosat 01 ACS). The 5 following test would focus on geodesic studies such as reception of ionospheric beacons emitted by satellites and atmosphere dynamics. To fund these missions INTA reached for several, both public and private, investors such as the Spanish Air Force, the University of Valencia, the University of Sussex, DFVLR, IROE and most important the Comisión Nacional de Investigación del Espacio (CONIE). The later completely funded 2 launches and quickly became INTA's main partner also participating in balloon launches and the funding of infrastructure.

As a consequence of the closure of CONIE in 1986, the INTA-100 project was put on hold for 4 years due to the lack of funds. Nonetheless, by 1990 the situation was good enough to resume work on the rocket producing 6 more rockets that would be complete testing by 1992. These test would prove successful enough to encourage the development of the INTA rocket series that would culminate on the Capricornio.  In addition, INTA would be given funds to develop more ambitious projects such as the first Spanish satellites (Intasat and Minisat 01) that would pave the way for INTA to join ESA and reach the current involvement on the space industry.

Launches 
During its career 12 rockets were built and used in a total of 17 missions (15 of them successfully) from El Arenosillo, most of them to conduct various test on either the rocket or its payload.

See also 
The family of sounding rockets developed from the INTA-100:
 INTA 255
 INTA 300

References 

Sounding rockets of Spain
Space launch vehicles of Spain
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
Belagavi Nala. Belagavi Nala is a river of southern India. It rises at Laxmi Tekdi in Belgaum city of Karnataka state, flows towards South-eastern side of the Belagavi city and flows through Camp, Station Road, Shastry Nagar, Shivaji Garden and Vishwakarmanagar right up to Old PB Road,  before reaching its confluence into the Bellary Nala at Laxminagar in Belgaum.

Current state 
Nala, often termed in the context of sewage drain, has now become a reality of the people of Belagavi. The design proposal for Revitalisation project looks at a fundamental and a pragamatic solution of claiming back the water streams from these nalas and develop them into a green network which allows for pedestrian and bicycle connections, public greens and connected ecological corridors for reviewing the landscape of Belagavi.

See also
Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal
Bellary Nala
Markandeya river
Krishna River
Ghataprabha River
Godchinamalaki Falls

References

 
Rivers of Karnataka
GURPS Robots. GURPS Robots is a supplement  for GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System). Written by David Pulver, it was published by Steve Jackson Games in 1995.

Contents
GURPS Robots includes rules for players to design robots, and then use them as player characters in a GURPS campaign. Several sample robots are provided for the gamemaster. Although there are no full adventures in the book,  several ideas for campaigns are presented.

Publication history
In the 2014 book Designers & Dragons: The '80s, game historian Shannon Appelcline noted that Steve Jackson Games decided in the early 1990s to stop publishing adventures, and as a result "SJG was now putting out standalone GURPS books rather than the more complex tiered book lines. This included more historical subgenre books. Some, such as GURPS Camelot (1991) and GURPS China (1991), were clearly sub-subgenres, while others like GURPS Old West (1991) and GURPS Middle Ages I (1992) covered genres notably missing before this point."

GURPS Robots is one such standalone book, a 128-page softcover designed by David Pulver, with interior art by Dan Smith and Denis Loubet, and cover art by John Zeleznik. It was published by SJG in 1995 for use with the 3rd edition of GURPS.

Reception
In the January 1996 edition of Dragon (Issue #225), Rick Swan was highly impressed by this book, calling it a "stunner of a GURPS supplement."  He did warn that the process of robot design "isn't for the faint of heart: designing a complex robot can take up a good chunk of a weekend." However, for players willing to dive in, Swan concluded, "Prepared to be dazzled."

Other reviews
Arcane #19 (May 1997, p.66)
Ringbote #13 (July/August 1997, p.11)
Australian Realms #26

References

Robots
Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1995
Science fiction role-playing game supplements
Tongmi line. Tongmi line of Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR) (), formerly known as Jingcheng line, is a commuter rail line in Beijing. It opened on 30 June 2020.

The main line runs on the existing Beijing–Chengde Railway, and the branch line runs on the existing Beijing–Tongliao Railway. It runs from  to  (main line) or  (branch line). The line is  in length.

Stations

References

Railway lines in China
Rail transport in Beijing
Standard gauge railways in China
Railway lines opened in 2020
Montserrat Calleja Gómez. Montserrat Calleja Gómez (born 20 April 1973) is a Spanish physicist who specializes in Bionanomechanics. She is currently a research professor at the Institute of Micro and Nanotechnology in Madrid, Spain.

Early life and career 
Montserrat was born in the Spanish Province of Ourense, Galicia, Spain. She obtained her degree in Physics from University of Santiago de Compostela in 1998. She finished her Master's Degree in 2000 with the thesis "Optimizing the AFM dynamic mode for nanolithograph". She obtained her doctoral degree from the same University in 2002, after working under the supervision of Ricardo García at the Micro and Nanoelectronics Institute of Madrid specializing in nanotechnology and biosensors. Her PhD thesis was on the “Local oxidation of silicon surfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy and nanolithography applications”. She held a postdoctoral position as a Marie Curie fellow in the Technical University of Denmark – MIC where she worked on the nanofabrication of cantilever-based sensors under the supervision of Annia Boysen. She led the NANOFORCELLS project, whose goal was to study the mechanical properties of cells and its relationship with cancer. From 2008 to 2012, she was the Head of the Devices, Sensors and Biosensors department at the Institute of Micro and Nanotechnology. One of her patented inventions is a nano-mechanical mass spectrometer to weight individual proteins of cells. She was the co-founder of Mecwins SA and Nanodreams SL.

Notable publications

Awards 
Miguel Catalán Award for researchers under 40 years old (2012).

References 

21st-century Spanish women scientists
21st-century Spanish physicists
Spanish women physicists
Scientists from Galicia (Spain)
1973 births
Living people
Charles Edge (computer scientist). Charles Edge was an American computer scientist, author, podcaster, and a contributing author for Inc.com and Huffington Post.

Edge spent 15 years as the Chief Technology Officer of 318 Inc in Santa Monica and 5 years at Jamf. At the time of his death, he was the Chief Technology Officer of Bootstrappers.mn and HandrailUX. Edge spoke at Defcon, Blackhat, LinuxWorld, MacSysAdmin, and a number of other conferences.

Edge died on April 19, 2024.

Bibliography (author) 
 Mac Tiger Little Black Book. Paraglyph Press, February 2006, 
 Web Scripting Little Black Book. Paraglyph Press, April 2007, 
 Foundations of Mac OS X Security. Apress, March 2008, 
 Enterprise Mac Administrators Guide. Apress, October 2009, 
 Foundations of Mac OS X Snow Leopard Security. Apress, February 2010, 
 Beginning Mac OS X Server. Apress, February 2010, 
 Mac OS X Lion Server. O'Reilley, January 2011, 
 Using Apple Configurator. Packt, January 2012, 
 Take Control of OS X Yosemite Server. TidBits, January 2013, 
 Take Control of OS X Mavericks Server. TidBits, January 2014, 
 Learning iOS Security. Packt, January 2015, 
 Enterprise Mac Administrators Guide.Apress, September 2015, 
 Fundamentals of Mac OS X 10.11 Security.Apress, September 2015, 
 Enterprise Mac Security. Apress, 
 Build, Run, and Sell Your Apple Consulting Practice. Apress, August 2018, 
 Apple Device Management. Apress, January 2020, 
The ABCs of Computers (2022)
The Startup Field Guide (2022)
The History of Computers (2023)

Podcasts 
Edge maintained the following podcasts:

 MacAdmins Podcast https://podcast.macadmins.org
 Jamf After Dark Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/jamf-after-dark/id1434572611
 The History Of Computing http://thehistoryofcomputing.net

Community work 
Edge worked on a number of open source projects including precache, swift-ldif-csv, and jssimporter and served on the board of directors of Tamarisk and on the corporate council of the Guthrie Theater.

Edge spoke at Black Hat 2007 and was scheduled to give a speech on a vulnerability of the Mac OS X FileVault at Black Hat 2008 but the talk was pulled after he cited a non-disclosure agreement the talk would violate. The talk was later disputed having ever existed.

Edge wrote the SANS course on Mac OS X Security in 2007, establishing baseline security practices for Apple and IoT devices in large-scale environments.

Edge founded the Minnesota non-profit Minnesota Computer History Museum in January 2020.

Editor 
Edge was on the Editorial team for the Apple Inc. platform, with Apress. Edge was also the technical editor for the following title(s):

 Mac OS X for Unix Geeks. O'Reilly, September 2008,

References 

Year of birth missing
2024 deaths
American computer scientists
People from Dahlonega, Georgia
Türkan Haliloğlu. Türkan Haliloğlu is a Turkish biochemist researching biopolymers, computational structural biology, protein dynamics, binding and folding of proteins, and protein interactions. She is a professor in the department of chemical engineering and director of the polymer research center at the Boğaziçi University.

Education 
Haliloğlu earned a BS (1987), MS (1989), and PhD (1992) in chemical engineering Boğaziçi University. From 1992 to 1993, she was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Akron Institute of Polymer Science.

Career and research 
Haliloğlu is a professor in the department of chemical engineering and director of the polymer research center at the Boğaziçi University. She researches biopolymers, computational structural biology, protein dynamics, binding and folding of proteins, and protein interactions.

Awards and honors 
In 2012, Haliloğlu became a member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences. In 2018, the NATO Deputy Secretary General, Rose Gottemoeller, presented Haliloğlu with the partnership prize from the NATO Science for Peace and Security for her molecular research on bacteria used in biological weapons.

References

External links 

 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the Turkish Academy of Sciences
Boğaziçi University alumni
Academic staff of Boğaziçi University
Turkish women chemists
Turkish chemists
Turkish biochemists
20th-century biochemists
21st-century biochemists
Women biochemists
20th-century biologists
20th-century women scientists
21st-century women scientists
Polymer scientists and engineers
Computational biologists
Women computational biologists
OTV-4. USA-261, also referred to as Orbital Test Vehicle 4 (OTV-4) or AFSPC-5, is the second flight of the second Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to low Earth orbit aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral on May 20, 2015. Its mission designation is part of the USA series.

The spaceplane was operated by the Air Force Space Command, which considers the mission classified and as such has not revealed the objectives. However, the Air Force did reveal that the X-37 would be carrying an experimental hall-effect thruster for testing ahead of potential use in future AEHF satellites. Additionally, NASA announced it was flying a materials science payload similar to MISSE called METIS.

Mission 
OTV-4 is the second mission for the second X-37B, and the fourth X-37B mission overall. It flew on an Atlas V rocket, with a 5-meter payload fairing and no solid rocket boosters.

Originally scheduled to launch on May 6, OTV-4 was delayed until May 20 for undisclosed reasons. OTV-4 launched successfully at 11:05 Eastern Time on May 20, 2015.

OTV-4 stayed in orbit for a record-setting 718 days, beating OTV-3's record of 674 days. OTV-4 landed on May 7, 2017 at the Shuttle Landing Facility.

ELaNa XI 
NASA utilized the launch of OTV-4 to fly the eleventh ELaNa CubeSat rideshare mission. Ten cubesats were deployed from a P-POD deployment system affixed to the Centaur upper stage.

ELaNa XI included LightSail-1, an experimental solar sail.

See also 

 USA-212
 USA-226

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2015
Satellites of the United States Air Force
Spacecraft which reentered in 2017
USA satellites
Boeing X-37
Ramsay Malware. Ramsay, also referred to as Ramsay Malware, is a cyber espionage framework and toolkit that was discovered by ESET Research in 2020.

Ramsay is specifically tailored for Windows systems on networks that are not connected to the internet and that also isolated from intranets of companies, so called air-gapped networks, from which it steals sensitive documents like Word documents after first collecting them in a hidden storage folder.

ESET researchers found various versions of the malware, and believe that in May 2020 it was still under development. They numbered the versions Ramsay Version 1, Ramsay Version 2a and Ramsay Version 2b. The very first encounter with the malware was a sample that was uploaded from Japan to VirusTotal. The first version was compiled in September 2019. The last version that they found was most advanced.

The discovery of Ramsay was seen as significant as malware is rarely able to target physically isolated devices.

Authorship
While authorship has not been attributed, it has many common artefacts with Retro, a backdoor by hacking entity Darkhotel believed to operate in the interests of South Korea.

Workings of the malware
The three versions of Ramsay that ESET found have different workings.

Ramsay version 1 does not include a rootkit, whilst the later versions do.

Ramsay version 1 and 2.b exploit CVE-2017-0199, a "Microsoft Office/WordPad Remote Code Execution Vulnerability w/Windows API."

Version 2.b also uses exploit CVE-2017-11882 as an attack vector.

The way in which Ramsay can spread is via removable media like USB sticks and network shares. In this way, the malware can jump the air gap.

References

External links
WeLiveSecurity article on Ramsay as saved in the Internet Archive
ESET press release on Ramsay as saved in the Internet Archive

Rootkits
Windows trojans
Computer security exploits
Security breaches
Cybercrime
Cyberwarfare
Sherpa.ai. Sherpa (also known as Sherpa.ai) is a Spanish artificial intelligence company specializing in predictive conversational digital assistants. It was founded by Xabi Uribe-Etxebarria in 2012 and is based in Erandio and Silicon Valley. In 2018, Fortune magazine included Sherpa in its ranking of the 100 best artificial intelligence companies.

Trajectory
The company was created in 2012 with the conviction to develop a predictive conversational digital assistant based on artificial intelligence algorithms for different companies and to provide consultancy in artificial intelligence. They are based in Erandio (Vizcaya, Spain) and Silicon Valley (California, United States), and are a ISO/IEC 27001 certified company.

In 2016, they obtained $6.5 million in a round of funding from Mundi Ventures and other private investors. In a second round in 2019, they obtained $8.5 million; and in 2021, they secured an additional $8.5 million in funding from Mundi Ventures, Ekarpen, Marcelo Gigliani of Apax Digital, and Alex Cruz of British Airways.

Products
Sherpa's first product was a mobile phone application of the same name. Their products are predictive conversational digital assistants that learn from the user's context to anticipate their needs. Sherpa uses 100,000 parameters from each user to answer requests. Additionally, they have developed a multi-purpose recommendation system for news, music, and filtering important emails.

Among their products are free applications for smartphones and tablets such as Sherpa Assistant and Sherpa News which have garnered over 3 million downloads. Sherpa also came pre-installed on Samsung smartphones as the default digital assistant, until Samsung Electronics launched Bixby.

Focused on business services, their AI assistants and operating systems are embedded in cars, smartphones, home speakers, and appliances. Sherpa also has agreements with companies such as Porsche and Samsung.

Work team
By 2018, Sherpa had 35 employees, most of whom were experts in artificial intelligence and many with PhDs in mathematics and other disciplines. According to the publication Innova Spain, Sherpa works with researchers and research centers at the University of Granada, Deusto, the University of the Basque Country and Mondragón. Some of their advisors include Alex Cruz, president and CEO of British Airways, and Chris Shipley, who was considered the most influential woman in Silicon Valley according to the San Jose Business Journal.

Tom Gruber, co-founder and former CTO of Siri, joined Sherpa's working group in 2019. One year later, Joanna Hoffman, Steve Jobs' right-hand woman, joined as an advisor.

See also
 Artificial intelligence

References

External links
Official website

Spanish brands
AI accelerators
Virtual assistants
Technology companies established in 2012
Development software companies