omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Struers. Struers  is a Danish engineering company, providing equipment for metallography preparation and inspection. Holger F. Struer, a Danish chemist, founded Struers in 1875 in Copenhagen. Struers introduced Micropol, a new process for electrolytic polishing.[1]

Struers provide cutting, mounting, grinding, polishing, microevaluation, hardness testing equipment  and consumables for the analysis of metal samples. Government departments, universities, NASA and the International Metallographic Society use Struers equipment in the analysis metal or material samples.

Today, Struers is a global organization with offices in 24 countries and a presence in more than 60 countries, specializing in equipment, consumables, and application expertise for the preparation (mounting, grinding, and polishing, as well as hardness testing) and analysis of material samples.

Struers is owned by Roper Technologies, a US-based diversified technology company with annual revenues of $5.4 billion.

References 

Danish companies established in 1875
H. V. K. Udupa. H. V. K. Udupa (Handady Venkata Krishna Udupa) was born on 18 October 1921 in Udupi district of Karnataka state in India (Bharat). He is a distinguished scientist in the field of electrochemical technology and electrochemistry. He was Director of Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi. He was emeritus scientist at CECRI and emeritus professor of chemical engineering at Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal. He was also visiting professor to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.

H. V. K. Udupa earned a PhD from Ohio State University, USA in 1950. His research area was electrochemistry. He won several HK Sen Memorial Awards from the Institution of Chemists (India) in 1979 and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce Industry (FICCI) awards in 1973 and 1974. He had 140 patents to his credit. He was fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the Electrochemical Society of India, and many more. He died on 3 July 2003.

References

People from Udupi
Tulu academics
1921 births
2003 deaths
Kyle J. Myers. Kyle J. Myers is the Director of Imaging and Applied Mathematics at the Food and Drug Administration Centre for Devices and Radiological Health. She is a Fellow of the Optical Society and SPIE.

Early life and education 
Myers was inspired to study physics by her father, who was an engineer. Myers studied physics and mathematics at Occidental College and graduated in 1980. She moved to University of Arizona for her graduate studies, and earned a PhD in optical science in 1985. She was supervised by Harrison Hooker Barrett. She stayed at the University of Arizona for a postdoctoral fellowship until 1987.

Research and career 
Myers joined the Food and Drug Administration in 1987. Myers' book Foundations of Image Science was selected as The Optical Society Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award winner in 2006.  In 2014 Myers was appointed as the Director of the Division of Imaging, Diagnostics, and Software Reliability. She is interested in next-generation screening techniques, medical diagnosis and 3D imaging. These include imaging breast tissue for the visualisation of abnormalities, as well as diagnosing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 3D imaging, such as tomosynthesis, 3D ultrasound and breast CT scans offer improved sensitivity over 2D screening methods such as mammography. In her capacity at the Food and Drug Administration Myers is involved with the regulation and approval of new technologies, which includes approving the first dedicated breast CT system (2012) and breast ultrasound (2014).

Academic service and honours 
In 2012 Myers was elected University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences Alumna of the Year. She was a finalist in the Service to America Medals in 2012. Myers has been involved different initiatives to promote gender equality in science. In 2014 she was featured in the SPIE Women in Optics planner, which is produced annually and distributed to college and high school students. She was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2015. She serves on the Steering Committee of the Medical Device Innovation Consortium. She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, The Optical Society and SPIE. Myers is a member of the Board of Directors of SPIE from 2018 to 2020.

Selected publications 
Her publications include;

References 

Fellows of SPIE
University of Arizona alumni
Food and Drug Administration people
Occidental College alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gurzhi effect. The Gurzhi effect was theoretically predicted by Radii Gurzhi in 1963, and it consists of decreasing of electric resistance  of a finite size conductor with increasing of its temperature  (i.e. the situation  for some temperature interval). Gurzhi effect usually being considered as the evidence of electron hydrodynamic transport in conducting media. The mechanism of Gurzhi effect is the following. The value of the resistance of the conductor is inverse to the  — a mean free path corresponding to the momentum loss from the electrons+phonons systemwhere   is the average distance which electron pass between two consecutive interactions with a boundary, and   is a mean free path corresponding to other possibilities of momentum loss. The electron reflection from the boundary is assumed to be diffusive.

When temperature is low we have ballistic transport with ,  , where  is a width of the conductor,  is a mean free path corresponding to effective normal electron-electron collisions (i.e. collisions without total electrons+phonons momentum loss). For low temperatures phonon emitted by electron quickly interacts with another electron without loss of total electron+phonons momentum and , where   is a mean free path corresponding to the electron-phonon collisions. Also we assume . Thus the resistance for lowest temperatures is a constant (see the picture). The Gurzhi effect appears when the temperature is increased to have . In this regime the electron diffusive length between two consecutive interactions with the boundary can be considered as momentum loss free path: , and the resistance is proportional to , and thus we have a negative derivative . Therefore, Gurzhi effect can be observed when .

Gurzhi effect corresponds to unusual situation when electrical resistance depends on a frequency of normal collisions. As one can see this effect appears due to the presence of a boundaries with finite characteristic size  . Later Gurzhi's group discovered a special role of electron hydrodynamics in a spin transport. In such a case magnetic inhomogeneity plays role of a "boundary" with spin-diffusion length as a characteristic size instead of  as before. This magnetic inhomogeneity stops electrons of the one spin component which becomes an effective scatterers for electrons of another spin component. In this case magnetoresistance of a conductor depends on the frequency of normal electron-electron collisions as well as in the Gurzhi effect.

References 

Electric current
Kim Hyun-sook (academic). Kim Hyun-sook (; born 1960) is a South Korean professor of urban engineering at Chonbuk National University previously served as the Administrator of Saemangeum Development and Investment Agency under President Moon Jae-in from February 2019 to August 2020. She is the first woman and non-government official to assume the post since its creation in 2013.

Kim previously participated in numerous government committees. She has served as a member of Presidential Commission on Architectural Policy from 2011 to 2013, National Land Policy Committee under Prime Minister's Office from 2012 to 2018, Free Economic Zone Committee from 2015 to 2019 and now-Presidential Committee for Balanced National Development from 2015 to 2017. In addition, she was a member of Saemangeum Committee from 2017 to 2019.

She holds three degrees in engineering: bachelor in architectural engineering from Chonbuk National University and master's and doctorate in civil engineering from Waseda University.

References 

1960 births
Living people
People from Gunsan
Waseda University alumni
Academic staff of Jeonbuk National University
South Korean women academics
South Korean government officials
Yang Gao (academic). Yang Gao is the Professor of Space Autonomous Systems and the Associate Dean (International) in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (FEPS) at Surrey Space Centre. Gao's work has been used for developing missions including ExoMars, Proba3, MoonLITE and Moonraker.

Early life and education 
Gao received a B. Eng (with first class honors) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in 2000, followed by a Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the same university in 2003.

Career 
Gao develops robotics for extreme environments, specializing in robotic perception and sensing and applications of artificial intelligence. Gao's work has been covered in numerous media outlets, including the BBC.

Gao is an elected fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Awards and honors 

 Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET) - Elected Fellow
 Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS) - Elected Fellow.
 SCEPTrE Fellowship - 2010-2011
 SMF Fellowship - 2002-2004
 NTU Scholarship for PhD Research - 2000-2002
 Singapore-Millennium-Foundation Fellowship - 2002
 First Prize, IEEE Asia-Pacific Region Postgraduate Paper Contest - 2002
 Motorola Book Prize on Robotics and Automation - 2000

References

External links
Yang Gao, faculty profile at the University of Surrey

Living people
Academics of the University of Surrey
Aeronautical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Fellows of the Institute of Engineering and Technology
Year of birth missing (living people)
Power compression. In a loudspeaker, power compression or thermal compression is a loss of efficiency observed as the voice coil heats up under operation, increasing the DC resistance of the voice coil and decreasing the effective available power of the audio amplifier. A loudspeaker that becomes hot from use may not produce as much sound pressure level as when it is cold. The problem is much greater for hard-driven professional concert systems than it is for loudspeakers in the home, where it is rarely seen. Two main pathways exist to mitigate the problem: to design a way for the voice coil to dissipate more heat during operation, and to design a more efficient transducer that generates less heat for a given sound output level.

High power audio transducers have a low efficiency, with less than 5% of the amplifier signal turned into sound waves. The other 95% or more of the electrical energy is turned into unwanted heat, which causes the voice coil to increase in temperature. Too much heat – more than  – can destroy the voice coil, but long before that happens the loudspeaker will experience power compression. A voice coil made of copper wire will have its DC resistance increase by about 72% when heating up from 20 °C (room temperature) to 200 °C, and its sensitivity will decrease by 4.7 decibels. Silver wire has a slightly worse problem with power compression, while aluminum wire is slightly better.

In multi-way systems, power compression is often observed to occur first in one of the low frequency bandpasses. This causes the total system to have an imbalance in frequency response, a reduction of level in one bandpass compared to the others. In passive loudspeakers with internal crossover components, power compression will change the electrical characteristics of the crossover filters, and the crossover point can shift, introducing distortions related to an incorrect crossover filter.

To counteract power compression, one solution is to increase heat dissipation. Typical methods include cooling fins on the magnet housing, a larger diameter voice coil, ferrofluid in the gap between voice coil and magnet, venting of the pole piece, metal parts that conduct heat to the outside, increasing the enclosure's internal chamber volume behind the magnet, and electric cooling fans. Another solution is to design a system that increases efficiency, such as by using a horn loudspeaker rather than a direct-radiating design. Or by choosing a transducer other than the voice coil, such as Bruce Thigpen's rotary woofer (1974) or Tom Danley's servo-motor subwoofer (1983). 

Power compression is usually considered a long-term problem, arising over time with extended strong signal sent to the loudspeaker. However, if the change in resistance is short term, observed as heating up and cooling down with each cycle of low frequency waves, then the loudspeaker will increase in total harmonic distortion.

References

Loudspeaker technology
Madsen & T. Baagøe. Madsen & T. Baagøe, also known as Madsen & T. Baagøes Elektroplet- og Nysølvvarefabrik was a Danish silver plate and nickel silver factory in Copenhagen, Denmark. Products from the company are stamped with the letters M & TB.

History
The company was founded in 1874 It obtained several patents on improved electroplating techniques. The company was also active in the market for import of silver plate products.

Location
It company located in Tordenskjoldsgade in the Gammelholm area of central Copenhagen.

References

Manufacturing companies of Denmark
Danish companies established in 1874
Silvana Cardoso. Silvana Cardoso is a Portuguese fluid dynamicist working in Britain. She is professor of Fluid Mechanics and the Environment at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. She leads the Fluids and the Environment research group at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology.

Her research focuses on fluid mechanics and environmental science, in particular the interaction of natural convection and chemical kinetics including

 turbulent plumes and thermals in the environment, such as the BP oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan and oceanic methane releases.
 flow and reaction in porous media, e.g., the spreading of carbon dioxide in geological storage at Sleipner gas field in the North Sea.
 cool flames and thermo-kinetic explosions, as occurred in the crash of TWA flight 800.
 self-assembling porous precipitate structures, such as chemical gardens and submarine hydrothermal vents.

She is on the International Advisory Panel of the journal Chemical Engineering Science and the Editorial Board  of Chemical Engineering Journal.

In 2016 she was awarded the Davidson medal of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE).

Recent press interest in her work has included pieces on whether 
natural geochemical reactions can delay or prevent the spreading of carbon dioxide in subsurface aquifers used for carbon capture and storage, the possible melting of oceanic methane hydrate deposits owing to climate change, and the importance to astrobiology of brinicles on Jupiter's moon, Europa.

References

External links
 Page at Cambridge Fluids Network regarding fluid mechanics research at Cambridge
 Page at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
 Page at Pembroke College
 Page at University of Cambridge
 

Living people
British women academics
Academics of the University of Cambridge
British chemical engineers
Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
People from Porto
21st-century Portuguese scientists
Portuguese engineers
Fluid dynamicists
University of Porto alumni
Portuguese women scientists
21st-century British women scientists
Portuguese chemical engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nathan C. Gianneschi. Nathan C. Gianneschi is the Jacob & Rosaline Cohn Professor of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University and the Associate Director for the International Institute for Nanotechnology. Gianneschi's lab takes an interdisciplinary approach to nanomaterials research, with a focus on multifunctional materials for biomedical applications, programmed interactions with biomolecules and cells, and basic research into nanoscale materials design, synthesis and characterization.

Gianneschi is a Sloan Research Fellow, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, and is a 2010 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.

Education and training 
Gianneschi graduated with a B.Sc. (Honors) in chemistry from the University of Adelaide in 1999. During his undergraduate, he conducted honors research with Dr. Louis Rendina on the synthesis of hydrogen-bonded platinum-containing macrocycles. Following this, he moved to Evanston, Illinois to pursue graduate studies at Northwestern University with Prof. Chad Mirkin and Prof. SonBinh Nguyen. There, he developed supramolecular catalysts that exhibit allosteric behavior, that is, exhibit increased reactivity when the catalyst molecule is modified at a site distinct from the catalyst site. Gianneschi graduated in 2005 with his Ph.D. From 2005 to 2008, he was a Dow Foundation Fellow (through the American Australian Association) at The Scripps Research Institute with Prof. M. Reza Ghadiri, where he worked on a strategy to modulate natural enzymes into programmable complexes that can perform simple logic operations.

Independent career 
Gianneschi began his independent career as an assistant professor at the University of California, San Diego in 2008. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2014, and full Professor in 2016. He was appointed the Teddy Traylor Faculty Scholar and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering and NanoEngineering. In 2017, he moved to Northwestern University.

References 

Northwestern University faculty
American materials scientists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sloan Research Fellows
University of California, San Diego faculty
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Kristen Maitland. Kristen Carlson Maitland is an associate professor at Texas A&M University. She develops optical instrumentation for the detection and diagnosis of diseases, including infection and cancer. She has served on the Board of Directors of SPIE.

Education and early career 
Maitland grew up in California. She attended the Exploratorium as a child, and became interested in the creative science exhibits. At the time a new rollercoaster was being developed, and Maitland stepped in to help fix it. One of the Exploratorium employees asked if she was an engineering student. She had arthroscopic surgery as a teenager which made her interested in optics. She studied electrical engineering at the California Polytechnic State University, where she earned her bachelor's and master's degrees. She moved to the University of Texas at Austin for her doctoral studies, and earned her PhD in 2006. After completing her graduate studies, she joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as a staff scientist. She joined the faculty at Texas A&M University in 2008.

Research 
Maitland works on the early detection of cancers and tuberculosis using multi-modal optical imaging. This involves fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy for initial guidance and reflectance confocal microscopy for the detection of cellular changes. The fluorescence signals can be detected from outside the body or through optical fibres. She is interested in the miniaturisation of these devices to increase the scanning speed and depth.

For the detection of bacterial infection Maitland uses optical fibres to excited near-infrared optical reporters inside the lung. Fluorescence signals are monitored outside the lungs and used to quantify the levels of bacterial infection. The fibres use a diffuse fibre excitation source that allows them to get closer to pathogens in the lungs, making high resolution imaging possible.

Awards and honours 
Her awards and honours include;
 2013 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
 2019 William Keeler Memorial Award

She is a Fellow of SPIE and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. She was elected to the Board of Directors at SPIE in 2017. In 2019 Maitland was inducted into the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering College of Fellows.

Selected publications 
Her publications include;

 
 
 

Maitland serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Biomedical Optics.

References 

American women physicists
California Polytechnic State University alumni
Fellows of SPIE
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women
Physicists from California
Forward Networks. Forward Networks, Inc. is an American company founded in Palo Alto, California and headquartered in Santa Clara, California. The company develops enterprise software for network management and software-defined networking.

History 
Forward Networks was founded by David Erickson, Nikhil Handigol, Brandon Heller, and Peyman Kazemian, who met as Ph.D researchers at Stanford University. While operating software-defined networking deployments running OpenFlow at the university, Erickson, Handigol, Heller, and Kazemian built a software platform based on Kazemian's research at Stanford for his electrical engineering dissertation. Kazemian's research enabled the use of configuration data and operational state information from devices on a network to create a virtual copy of that network.

Until November 2016, the company operated in stealth mode and raised $16 million in funding by DFJ, with participation from Andreesen Horowitz.

In October 2019 the company raised $35 million in Series C funding led by Goldman Sachs, also a customer of the company.

In January 2023, following 139% year-over-year growth, Forward Networks announced it closed $50M in Series D funding. The round was led by MSD Partners with support from new investors, Section 32 and Omega Venture Partners.

Forward Networks' other customers include PayPal, Ubisoft, and Telstra.

Intent-based networking 
Intent-based networking (IBN), a term coined by Gartner in 2017 describes a system designed to automate a network lifecycle from design and implementation to deployment and validation.

Forward Networks' technology focuses on verification with regards to intent-based networking. The platform generates a mathematical model of the network to perform functions such as composing timestamped collections of network configurations and state information of a network infrastructure. The product is marketed as a network assurance platform called Forward Enterprise.

See also 

 SolarWinds
 Infoblox
 Red Hat

References 

Software companies based in California
2013 establishments in California
Companies based in Palo Alto, California
American companies established in 2013
Software companies established in 2013
Software companies of the United States