omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Digital Notam. A Digital NOTAM (DIGITAM), is a data set made available through digital services containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to systems and automated equipment used by personnel concerned with flight operations.

The Digital NOTAM encoding is based on the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) version 5, which has been developed in cooperation between the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) and the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), with the support of the international AIS community. The DIGITAM eliminates the free form text contained within a NOTAM and replaces the text with a series of structured facts, which obtain to the aeronautical entity concerned.

In 2012, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) successfully launched the first global digital NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) system to all airports and airplanes in the United States.

References

Aeronautical databases
Aeronautics
Moyes Sonic. The Moyes Sonic is an Australian high-wing, single-place, hang glider that was designed and produced by Moyes Delta Gliders of Botany, New South Wales. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Sonic was designed as a beginner and intermediate glider with a 60% double surface wing and neutral static balance for improved maneuverability.

The aircraft is made from 7075-T6 aluminum tubing, with the double-surface wing covered in 4 oz Dacron sailcloth. The aircraft was produced in two models, the 165 and 190, designated by their wing area in square feet.

Variants
Sonic 165
Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its  span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is  and the aspect ratio is 5.6:1. The glider empty weight is  and the pilot hook-in weight range is .
Sonic 190
Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its  span wing is cable braced from a single kingpost. The nose angle is 120°, wing area is  and the aspect ratio is 5.6:1. The glider empty weight is  and the pilot hook-in weight range is . This model has a variable geometry system.

Specifications (Sonic 190)

References

External links

Sonic
Hang gliders
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) is the premier conference in the area of genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO has been held every year since 1999, when it was first established as a recombination of the International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA) and the Annual Genetic Programming Conference (GP).

GECCO presents the latest high-quality results in genetic and evolutionary computation. Topics of interest include: genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, estimation of distribution algorithms, memetic algorithms, hyper-heuristics, evolutionary robotics, evolvable hardware, artificial life, ant colony optimization algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, digital entertainment technologies,  evolutionary art, evolutionary combinatorial optimization, metaheuristics, evolutionary multi-objective optimization, evolutionary machine learning, search-based software engineering, theory, real-world applications, and more.

Other important conferences in the field are IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN) and EvoStar (a group name for four co-located conferences, EuroGP, EvoCOP, EvoMUSART, and EvoApplications).

GECCO is the main annual conference of the Special Interest Group on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (SIGEVO), which is a Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

External links
SIGEVO
A list of links to all GECCO websites since 1999

Evolutionary computation conferences
Association for Computing Machinery conferences
Strength of Materials (journal). Strength of Materials () is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of strength of materials and structural elements, mechanics solid deformed body. It was established in 1969 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Pisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The editor-in-chief is V.V. Kharchenko. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.620.

References

External links
 

Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Academic journals established in 1969
Multilingual journals
Bimonthly journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals published in Ukraine
Budithi Bell and Brass Craft. Budithi Bell and Brass Craft are the products made out of alloy like brass at Budithi, a village in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was registered as one of the geographical indication handicraft from Andhra Pradesh as per Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999. It was registered as one of the handicraft in the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh by Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.

Brass objects 

The artisans mainly work on creating brassware objects such as, bells for temples, cooking utensils, flower pots, lamps etc., which have different geometric patterns as well.

See also 
Bidriware
Kinnal Craft
Navalgund Durries
List of Geographical Indications in India

References 

Geographical indications in Andhra Pradesh
Indian metalwork
Culture of Andhra Pradesh
Srikakulam district
Brass
IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication is a peer-reviewed journal publishing four times a year since 1957 by the IEEE Professional Communication Society. Readers include engineers, scientists, technical and professional writers, information designers, managers, and others working as scholars, educators, and practitioners in the effective communication of technical and business information.

See also

IEEE Communications Letters
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
IEEE Transactions on Communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
IEEE Transactions on Education
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

References

External links
 
 IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication at IEEE Xplore
 IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication at ResearchGate

Transactions on Computers
Communication journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1957
Quarterly journals
Test tube brush. A test tube brush or spout  brush is a brush used for cleaning test tubes and narrow mouth laboratory glassware, such as graduated cylinders, burettes, and Erlenmeyer flasks. It is composed of nylon, synthetic, or animal fur bristles of various diameters lined against a rather sturdy wire handle with a looped end for hanging. The wire can be made from a wide range of metals, such as aluminium, bronze, beryllium, copper, and brass. FDA grade brushes are designed to be resistant to acid and other corrosive chemicals, including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethyl acetate esters, and trichloroethylene.

Sizes
Test tube brushes come in sizes with the brushes themselves varying from 10–2,000mm in length and 3–200mm in diameter. For example:

Types of brushes

Brushes are designed for the purpose of cleaning test tubes, therefore are developed to be able to reach all corners of the glassware.

Babcock test bottle brush

A Babcock test bottle brush is a specialised test tube brush designed for cleaning bottle neck flasks. It has an extra long radial bristle tip that is flexible enough to enter the narrow neck of various laboratory glassware, and fan out at the bottom of the chamber for efficient cleaning. The middle section of the metal wire handle contains short stemmed bristles that can be used to scrub along the neck of the flask.

Adjustable test tube brush 
The adjustable brush contains a stiff, bendable twisted wire core that forms a loop in the middle, allowing the brush to be adjusted to fit test tubes of various sizes.

See also 
 Brush
 Test tube

References 

Laboratory equipment
Rethink Robotics. Rethink Robotics (formerly Heartland Robotics, Inc.) is a robotics company co-founded by Rodney Brooks and Ann Whittaker in 2008. In 2018 the assets of Rethink Robotics were bought by the German automation specialist HAHN Group. In 2021 Rethink Robotics joined the United Robotics Group GmbH. 

Rethink Robotics has won awards and has been an Edison Awards finalist.

History 
Rethink Robotics was founded in 2008 as a startup aiming to create low-cost robots. In 2012, they released the robot Baxter. In 2015, they released a smaller and more flexible counterpart to Baxter, Sawyer, that was designed to perform smaller, more detailed tasks.

In 2016, they released their collaborative robots (cobots) worldwide. These robots were designed to be easy to set up and work alongside, rather than replace, humans in factory environments.

In October 2018, Rethink Robotics ceased operations and sold off its assets. Other companies picked up support for the robots.

 Most of the Rethink Robotics assets were bought by a distributor, the HAHN Group, a German automation specialist.  HAHN Group acquired all of Rethink's patents and trademarks as well as Rethink's Intera 5 software platform.

 About 100 Baxter robots and the rights to sell them in North America were bought by Hunan CoThink Robotics Technology Company.

In October 2019, one year after the acquisition of assets through the German HAHN Group, Rethink Robotics launched the new Sawyer BLACK Edition. The headquarters of Rethink Robotics moved from Rheinböllen to Bochum in mid 2020, and signed a partnership with Siemens.

In August 2024 Rethink Robotics GmbH was shut down due to operational reasons.

In September 2024 Rethink Robotics, Inc. reappears with new products. After a long hiatus, the company celebrated its rebirth at the IMTS The International Manufacturing Technology Show in 2024 with a new product portfolio including a cobot and AMR line.

References 

2008 establishments in Massachusetts
Companies based in Bochum
Industrial robotics companies
Technology companies established in 2008
Nemo Link. Nemo Link is a 1,000MegaWatt HVDC submarine power cable between Richborough Energy Park in Kent, the United Kingdom and Zeebrugge, Belgium.  The project is a joint venture between British National Grid and Belgian Elia. The 400kV electrical interconnector is the first between the two countries, with an annual transmission capacity of 8.76TWh. The link has been fully operational since 31 January 2019, and has transported 29 TWh during its first 5 years; 24.75 TWh to the UK and 4.25 to Belgium with an availability above 99%.

History
In 2015, contracts totalling €500million were awarded to Siemens for the construction of the two onshore HVDC converter stations and to J-Power Systems Corporation for the cable system.  The contract for the laying of the actual cable was awarded to DeepOcean who completed the work in 2017 and 2018.

Route 
The total cable length is  of which  is under water, buried at a depth of up to .  The offshore section runs from Pegwell Bay on the UK side to Zeebrugge beach in Belgium. The onshore cable in Belgium is nearly  long and connects the landing point of the submarine cable in Zeebrugge beach to the converter station in Herdersbrug. In the United Kingdom there is  of land cable from Pegwell Bay to the Richborough converter station.

See also

 HVDC Cross-Channel, 2,000 MW between UK and France
 BritNed, 1,000 MW between UK and the Netherlands

References

External links
 
 4c page

Electrical interconnectors to and from Great Britain
Electrical interconnectors to and from the Synchronous Grid of Continental Europe
Electric power infrastructure in Belgium
Electric power infrastructure in England
HVDC transmission lines
Electrical interconnectors in the North Sea
Energy infrastructure completed in 2019
2019 establishments in Belgium
2019 establishments in England
Belgium–United Kingdom relations
PEG-PVA. Polyethylene glycol–polyvinyl alcohol (PEG-PVA) brand name Kollicoat IR (BASF) is a  multifunctional excipient used as a pill binder as well as a wet binder. A typical formulation is composed of 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 75% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); where the vinyl alcohol moieties are grafted on a polyethylene glycol backbone.

See also
Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

References

Excipients
Polymers
Consortium for Energy Efficiency. The Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that promotes the adoption of energy efficient products and services. CEE specifications are referenced by the United States Department of Energy and by the efficiency programs of many natural gas and electric utilities in the United States and Canada. The organization's Annual Industry Report documents the efficiency industry's US$8 billion in annual expenditures.

Activities and funding
CEE influences the market for efficient products and services through 17 initiatives covering the residential, commercial and industrial sectors; Product examples include space heating, refrigeration lighting, and industrial water treatment. These initiatives are voluntarily adopted by CEE members—such as utility efficiency programs—to establish common levels for high efficiency equipment. Member organizations implement initiatives through rebates, technical assistance, or other efforts in their service territories, states, or provinces. CEE also publishes Qualified Product Lists of equipment meeting high levels of efficiency performance. Some equipment criteria are specifically cited by US law for energy-related federal tax credits.

Since 2000, CEE has conducted the Household ENERGY STAR Survey, identifying the ENERGY STAR program as one of the most recognized brands among US consumers.

According to the organization's 2013 IRS Form 990, membership dues represented US$2,533,118 (64%) of annual revenue. CEE received significant additional funding through its partnerships with the US Environmental Protection Agency, the US Department of Energy, and Natural Resources Canada. Founded in 1991, CEE members consist of more than 100 natural gas and electric utilities, 10 efficiency organizations and state agencies, and 4 DOE national laboratories.

Annual Industry Report
The CEE Annual Industry Report provides funding information and program activities for natural gas and electric demand side management. The 2014 study identified US$7.6 billion in investment in the US and Canada, and detailed expenditures by customer class and state. The report indicated an increase in program budgets from US$4.4 billion in 2008 to US$7.3 billion in 2013.

References

Energy organizations
Energy efficiency
Energy conservation in the United States
Energy conservation in Canada
Romano R.5. The Romano R.5 was a French reconnaissance flying boat built in 1932.  It had a parasol wing, a single engine and hull stabilizing sponsons. Only one was built.

Design

In 1929 the French Air Ministry drew up a programme of military aircraft specifications to meet France's needs over the next few years. One part called for a reconnaissance and observation seaplane and the R.5 was Romano's response; at least two other manufacturers also built prototypes, though funding was not yet assured.

The Romano R.5 was an all-metal flying boat. Its parasol wing was built in three parts; its centre section mounted a  Hispano-Suiza 12Nbr water-cooled V-12 engine in tractor configuration on its leading edge and was braced  over the fuselage by parallel pairs of struts from its outer ends to the mid-fuselage. Six short cabane struts braced it centrally.  The inner and cantilever outer panels together provided a trapezoidal plan wing out to rounded tips; ailerons occupied most of the outer panels' trailing edges.  Structurally a mixture of steel and duralumin, with dural skinning, the wing was built around two spars; in the centre section these were elaborated into a trellised girder.

Its , flat-sided  hull was built with of dural and with vedal, layers of dural and pure aluminium, for parts in direct contact with sea-water. The V-form underside had a single step under the wing and, further aft, a water rudder. The R.5 had a pair of Dornier-style sponsons,  in span and  at their broadest, mounted on the lower sides of the fuselage instead of wing mounted floats. There were plans to use these to contain retractable wheels to turn the R.5 into an amphibian.

In the nose there was a position for mooring operations, navigation equipment and a machine gun mounting.  The pilots' cabin was ahead of the propeller disc, fully enclosed and with side-by-side seats and dual controls. Behind the wing there were positions for a navigator who also operated the bomb release controls and for a radio and camera operator. Behind them was a dorsal gunner's position, midway between the trailing edge and the tail. The fuselage became slender to the rear, where the tall fin carried a deep, rounded unbalanced rudder.  The R.5's tapered tailplane was raised out of the spray well up on the fin and supported from below with a pair of parallel struts from the upper fuselage.  Its elevators were inset and unbalanced but far enough forward to only require a small central nick for rudder movement.

The Romano R.5 first flew in September 1932. Soon after, it was delivered to the Forces Aérienne de la Mer along with its competitors, the Amiot 110-S and CAMS 80.

Specifications

References

Further reading
 

Parasol-wing aircraft
Flying boats
1930s French military reconnaissance aircraft
R.5
Aircraft first flown in 1932
University College of Engineering, Arni. University College of Engineering Arni, a constituent college of Anna university, was founded in 2009 at Thatchur located near to Arani, town of Thiruvannamalai District. The total annual intake for first year UG programme is 300 seats.

Departments
 Mechanical Engineering
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Science and Humanities

References

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Education in Tiruvannamalai district
2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Institute of Space Propulsion. The Institute of Space Propulsion in Lampoldshausen is one of the eight research centers of the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

Approximately 220 people work there in the fields of research and tests of rocket engines. The main purpose of the facility is the operation of test stands for space propulsion on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA) and in cooperation with the European space industry.

Test stands 
The facility has a surface area of approximately 35 ha, on which are seven test stands.

Test stand P1 
At the altitude test stand P1 are tested small engines with a thrust up to 600 N. In particular, thrusters for Reaction Control Systems (RCS) and Apogee Kick Motors (AKM) fall in this category.

Test stand P2 

The test stand P2 is used for testing hypergolic engines with a thrust up to 100 kN under ground conditions.

Test stand P3 
The test stand P3 is a component test stand for cryogenic propellants. It was set up mainly for the development and tests of combustion chambers, in particular those of the Vulcain 1 and Vinci engines for the European launcher Ariane 5.

Test stand P4 (P4.1 / P4.2) 

The vacuum test stand P4 is composed of two test stands P4.1 and P4.2. Tests with the Aestus engine can be carried out at the P4.2 test stand, whereas the test stand P4.1 has been used for the Vinci upper stage engine.

Test stand P5 

The test stand P5 has been used for the development and the qualification of the Vulcain and Vulcain 2 engines. Today, it is mainly used to test engines in the frame of the ESA ARTA program.

Test stand P6 
The test stand P6 is an altitude test stand for cold gas thrusters.

Test stand P8 
In the frame of a German-French cooperation arose the idea to build a common European Research and Technology test stand P8. The partners SNECMA, Astrium, CNES and DLR made a start on this project in 1992. The main purpose of this test stand is the research about high pressure combustion of hydrogen and oxygen.

See also 
 German space programme

References

External links 
 Institute of Space Propulsion 
 DLR site Lampoldshausen

Space programme of Germany
Space technology research institutes
Research institutes in Germany
Eli Sternberg. Eli Sternberg (13 November 1917  – 8 October 1988) was a researcher in solid mechanics and was considered to be the "nation's leading elastician" at the time of his death. He earned his doctorate in 1945 under Michael Sadowsky at the Illinois Institute of Technology with a dissertation entitled Non-Linear Theory of Elasticity and Applications. He made contributions widely in elasticity, especially in mathematical analysis, the theory of stress concentrations, thermo-elasticity, and visco-elasticity.

He was in 1956 a Fulbright Fellow at the Delft Institute of Technology and for the academic year 1963–1964 a Guggenheim Fellow at the Keiō University in Tokyo. For the academic year 1970-1971 he was a visiting professor in Chile and in 1968 at the University of Glasgow.

Sternberg became in 1951 a full professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology, in 1957 a professor of applied mathematics at Brown University, and in 1964 a professor of mechanics at Caltech, where he retired as professor emeritus in 1988.

Honors and awards
National Academy of Engineering
National Academy of Sciences
Timoshenko Medal

Selected publications
 with M. A. Sadowsky: 
 with M. A. Sadowsky: 
 with M. A. Sadowsky: 
 with R. A. Eubanks: 
 with F. Rosenthal: 
 
 with R. A. Eubanks: 
 with R. A. Eubanks: 
 with E. L. McDowell: 
 with J. G. Chakravorty: 
 
 
 with M. E. Gurtin: 
 with Rokurō Muki:

References

External links

NC State Univ. Distinguished Engineering Alumnus Award (Eli Sternberg 1987)
National Academy of Engineering membership listing

1988 deaths
1917 births
Austrian emigrants to the United States
American materials scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
California Institute of Technology faculty
20th-century American engineers

Brown University faculty
Blackboard (design pattern). In software engineering, the blackboard pattern is a behavioral design pattern that provides a computational framework for the design and implementation of systems that integrate large and diverse specialized modules, and implement complex, non-deterministic control strategies. 

This pattern was identified by the members of the Hearsay-II project and first applied to speech recognition.

Structure
The blackboard model defines three main components:
 blackboard—a structured global memory containing objects from the solution space
 knowledge sources—specialized modules with their own representation
 control component—selects, configures and executes modules.

Implementation
The first step is to design the solution space (i.e. potential solutions) that leads to the blackboard structure. Then, knowledge sources are identified. These two activities are closely related.

The next step is to specify the control component; it generally takes the form of a complex scheduler that makes use of a set of domain-specific heuristics to rate the relevance of executable knowledge sources.

Applications
Usage-domains include:
 speech recognition
 vehicle identification and tracking
 protein structure identification  
 sonar signals interpretation.

Consequences
The blackboard pattern provides effective solutions for designing and implementing complex systems where heterogeneous modules have to be dynamically combined to solve a problem. This provides non-functional properties such as:
 reusability
 changeability
 robustness.

The blackboard pattern allows multiple processes to work closer together on separate threads, polling and reacting when necessary.

See also 
 Blackboard system
 Software design pattern

References 

Software design patterns