omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi. Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi is the Director General of United Arab Emirates Space Agency. Before joining the UAE Space Agency, Ahbabi was part of a UAE Armed Forces think tank project, where he worked alongside military and government stakeholders, on concepts and technologies in Smart Defense and Cyber Warfare, amongst others. He has an active role in ITU-R  and has served as the head of YAHSAT MilSatCom Project.

Education 
In 1998, Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi obtained a degree in electronic engineering from the University of California, United States of America. He obtained a masters degree in communications from the University of Southampton, United Kingdom in 2001, and a Ph.D in Laser and Fibre Optics from the same university in 2005.

Career 
Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi initially served as a telecommunications officer for the UAE Armed Forces. Concurrently, he worked as a coordinator for Dubai Internet City. From 2005 to 2012, he was a telecommunications officer at Sharyan Al Doea Network, and a project manager in the military division at Al Yah Satellite Communications. He is a part of the Hope Mars Mission team, which plans to send the Hope Space exploration probe into Mars' orbit by 2020.

Recognition 
Mohammed Nasser Al Ahbabi has been ranked 43 in the Top 100 Most Powerful Arabs 2018 list compiled by Gulf Business. He was ranked 13 in Richtopia's list of the world’s 100 most influential figures in the space exploration sector.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wei Zhao (computer scientist). Wei Zhao () is a Chinese-American computer scientist who was rector (president) of the University of Macau from 2008 to 2017. He is chief research officer and professor at the American University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates.

Education
Zhao received his undergraduate degree in physics from Shaanxi Normal University in Xi'an, China in 1982. He then moved to the United States to study at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, where he earned his master's degree in computer science in 1983, and his PhD in 1986.

Career
From 1990 to 2007 Zhao was a faculty member of Texas A&M University, where he was chair of the Computer Science Department from 1997 to 2001, and senior associate vice president for research from 2001 to 2007.

From 2007 to 2008 Zhao was professor and dean of science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He moved to Macau in 2008 to take up the position of rector (president) of the University of Macau. He held the position for nine years before resigning at the end of 2017 to join the American University of Sharjah as chief research officer in 2018.

Awards
Zhao was elected an IEEE Fellow in 2001.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Chinese computer scientists
American computer scientists
People from Xi'an
Scientists from Shaanxi
Shaanxi Normal University alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Texas A&M University faculty
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Academic staff of the University of Macau
Academic staff of the American University of Sharjah
Fellows of the IEEE
American people of Chinese descent
Educators from Shaanxi
Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia. Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (National Laboratory of Energy and Geology) is a Portuguese public R&D institution in the fields of energy and geology. It was created in 2007 by the merger of the former National Institute of Engineering, Technology and Innovation with several smaller research and regulation bodie.s

References

External links

Research institutes in Portugal
2007 establishments in Portugal
Energy research institutes
Earth science research institutes
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Amadora
Udi Hills. The Udi Hills, or Ugwueme and Udi hills, is located in the North Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. These hills rise hundreds of meters above sea level.

History
In 1908, the Udi hills attracted a British expedition team from Akwa to the Middle Belt, and in 1909, the British colonial government to Nigeria sent a team of mining engineers to Enugu to prospect for silver. Once there, they settled in Ngwo at the top of Milliken Hill after discovering coal. On its slope to the south they set up another settlement for African laborers known as Alfred Camp or Ugwu Alfred. In 1915, Udi Hills was the site for the Udi mine which was the first coal mine to be opened in Nigeria, but was closed two years later and replaced with the Iva Valley mine.

Tourism 
Udi Hills is one of Enugu's top tourist attractions. Surrounded by granite and sandstone boulders, Udi Hills is over 200 meters above sea level. It is an ideal spot for climbers as it also offers a beautiful view of Enugu city's landscape.

References 

Enugu State
Hills of Nigeria
Huawei Ox Horn Campus. Huawei Ox Horn Campus is a European-themed model village constructed on the south shore of Songshan Lake, in Dongguan, Guangdong province, China.  It was constructed in the late-2010s to house the research and development offices of technology company Huawei.

There are twelve groups of buildings, based on European cities or regions, including Heidelberg Castle, and Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris, plus one-to-one copies of the buildings of Český Krumlov, Verona, Bologna, Budapest, Tallinn, and Granada.  The zones are connected together using a tram system modelled on trains supplied by Stadler Rail for the Jungfrau Railway in Switzerland.

References

Further reading

 

High-tech architecture
Huawei
Model villages
Replica constructions in China
Grob G 110. The Grob G 110 was a single-engined two-seat light aircraft, made mainly of glassfibre, that was designed and built by the German manufacturer Grob Aircraft in the early 1980s. Two prototypes were built, with the first example making its maiden flight on 6 February 1982, but development was abandoned after the first prototype crashed later that year.

Design and development
In 1972, the German machine tool manufacturer, Burkhardt Grob Untermehnensbereich Maschinenbau, set up a subsidiary, Grob Flugzeugbau, to build aircraft. Grob Flugzeugbau started by building Schempp-Hirth Standard Cirrus gliders under license before switching to its own designs of gliders and motor gliders. In 1982 Grob revealed a more conventional powered light aircraft, the Grob G 110. This was a two-seat low-wing monoplane suitable for use as a training aircraft for flying clubs. It was powered by a single Lycoming O-235 piston engine rated at  and had a fixed tricycle landing gear. Pilot and passenger sat side by side in an enclosed cabin. Grob had considerable experience in composite aircraft construction from its years of using glassfibre in its Gliders, and the G 110 was largely built of glassfibre. The wings used an airfoil section designed to give laminar flow, in order to improve performance.

Two prototypes were built, with the first making its maiden flight on 6 February 1982. This aircraft crashed in August 1982 while testing the aircraft's spinning characteristics, when it could not be recovered from a flat spin, the test pilot escaping by parachute. Although testing continued with the second prototype, the type was abandoned without entering production with Grob designing a new two seat trainer, the Grob G 112. This too was a failure, as it was overweight, but the companies third attempt to enter the trainer market, the Grob G 115, flew in 1985.

Variants
G 1102-seat sporting aircraft
G 111Proposed 4-seat development of the G110

Specifications

References

1980s German civil trainer aircraft
Grob aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
Tianwen-2. Tianwen-2 () is a planned Chinese asteroid sample return and comet exploration mission that is currently under development. Tianwen-2 was originally known as ZhengHe.

Overview 
Tianwen-2 is scheduled to be launched on a Long March 3B rocket in May 2025. It will use solar electric propulsion to explore the co-orbital near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and the main-belt comet 311P/PANSTARRS. The spacecraft will rendezvous with Kamoʻoalewa and conduct remote sensing observations in orbit, before landing on the asteroid to collect a sample of  of regolith. A nano-orbiter and nano-lander will be deployed to conduct remote sensing and sampling observations, and explosives will be used to expose potential subsurface volatiles for detection.

The spacecraft will use both anchor-and-attach and touch-and-go methods to attempt collection of a sample from the asteroid. It would be the first time an anchor-and-attach method has been used on an asteroid, as both OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2 used touch-and-go.

Tianwen-2 will then return to Earth to drop off a return capsule containing the sample and conduct a gravity assist maneuver to propel the spacecraft toward 311P/PANSTARRS. A flyby of an unnamed asteroid may also be attempted en route to 311P/PANSTARRS. Remote sensing and in-situ measurements will be conducted at 311P/PANSTARRS for at least one year.

The original name of this mission referenced the 15th century Ming Dynasty explorer Zheng He.

History 
In 2018, a deep space exploration roadmap covering the 2020–2030 timeframe was proposed by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which included an asteroid exploration mission planned for launch around 2022 or 2024. In spring 2019, after a design study for the mission was carried out by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST), the CNSA began soliciting international proposals for scientific instruments to be carried on Tianwen-2.

Instruments 
Tianwen-2 will incorporate several types of instruments, including wide/narrow angle multispectral and color cameras, a thermal emission spectrometer, a visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer, a mass spectrometer, a magnetometer, and a charged/neutral particle and dust analyzer. International contributions to these payloads are being encouraged.

Scientific payload
 Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
 Thermal Radiation Spectrometer
 Multispectral Camera
 Medium Field Color Camera
 Detection Radar
 Magnetometer
 Charged and Neutral Particle Analyzers
 Ejecta Analyzer
 Narrow Field of View Navigation Sensor
 Laser Integrated Navigation Sensor

References

External links 

Chinese space probes
Sample return missions
2025 in spaceflight
2025 in China
Missions to comets
Missions to near-Earth asteroids
Proposed space probes
Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj College of Engineering. Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj College of Engineering (SCSMCOE) is an education institute situated in Nepti, in the city of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. The institute is affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University and managed by Ahmednagar Jilha Maratha Vidya Prasarak Samaj. Admissions take place through the MHT-CET conducted by DTE Maharashtra or Joint Entrance Examination.

The college has departments of mechanical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering and E&TC engineering.

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Education in Ahmednagar district
British Rail Class 799. The British Rail Class 799 HydroFLEX is a prototype class of bi-mode multiple unit adapted from Class 319 electric multiple units (319001/382). The existing 25 kV AC and 750 V DC equipment has been retained with a hydrogen fuel cell added, currently taking up one of the carriages.

History
The Class 319 units were built by BREL between 1987 and 1990 for Network SouthEast, as dual-voltage units to run on Thameslink services. In late 2014, Govia Thameslink Railway began returning its allocation of Class 319 units to Porterbrook (the owner of the units) as they were gradually replaced by  units and then ultimately  units on Thameslink services.

In September 2018, Porterbrook announced it would develop a hydrogen fuel cell demonstrator in partnership with the University of Birmingham's Centre for Railway Research and Education. In December 2018, Porterbrook procured an FCveloCity fuel cell unit from Ballard Power Systems.

The first unit was converted from a Class 319 unit that had last been used by Govia Thameslink Railway. It was unveiled on 20 June 2019. In June 2019, it was announced that approval for mainline testing of the unit (branded as HydroFLEX) had been granted after a period of demonstration at Rail Live 2019.

The first mainline testing occurred in September 2020, reaching  through Warwickshire. The next phase of the development of this prototype is move the hydrogen tanks and fuel cell from one of the carriages and suspend them beneath the train.

A second unit was presented at the COP26 Summit at Glasgow with one of the DT car's passenger doors removed and permanently sealed. The TSOL has also been reconfigured with a boardroom-styled interior specially for the summit.

Fleet details

See also
British Rail Class 600 Breezea separate project, cancelled in 2022, to convert  EMUs for hydrogen fuel-cell operation.
British Rail Class 614a prototype hydrogen fuel-cell unit converted from a  EMU.

References

Further reading

External links
 BBC profile on the HydroFLEX train

799
Hybrid multiple units of Great Britain
Train-related introductions in 2019
750 V DC multiple units
25 kV AC multiple units
Ebrahim Mamdani. Ebrahim (Abe) H. Mamdani (1 June 1942 – 22 January 2010) was a mathematician, computer scientist, electrical engineer and artificial intelligence researcher. He worked at the Imperial College London.

Life 
Abe Mamdani was born in Tanzania in June 1942. He was educated in India and in 1966 he went to the UK.

He obtained his PhD at Queen Mary College, University of London. After that he joined its Electrical Engineering Department

In 1975 he introduced a new method of fuzzy inference systems, which was called 'Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Inference'. Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Inference  have elements like human instincts, working under the rules of linguistics, and has a fuzzy algorithm that provides an approximation to enter  mathematical analysis.

In July 1995, he moved from Queen Mary College to Imperial College London.

Awards and honors 
Abe Mamdani was an Emeritus Professor at Imperial College London. He received the "European Fuzzy Pioneer Award" from the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) in 1999, and the "Fuzzy Systems Pioneer Award" from the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society in 2003. He was also a Fellow of the IEEE, the International Fuzzy Systems Association, and of the Royal Academy of Engineering and the IEE in the UK.

References 

Control theorists
Fellows of the IEEE
British computer scientists
1942 births
2010 deaths
Artificial intelligence researchers
British logicians
20th-century British mathematicians
Systems scientists
Academics of Imperial College London
Academics of the University of London
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
Tanzanian Ismailis
British Ismailis
Photothermal ratio. The photothermal ratio (PTR), also named photothermal quotient,  is a variable that characterizes the amount of light available to plants relative to the temperature level. It is used in plant biology to characterize the growth environment of plants.

Rationale 
Both light and temperature are important environmental variables that determine the growth and development of plants. Light is especially important in driving photosynthesis and producing sugars. Temperature is a strong driver of cell division, where available sugars are converted to produce new leaf, stem, root or reproductive biomass. As such, both are important factors – along with nutrient and water availability – in determining the source:sink balance of a plant, the amount of sugar available for  plant in relation to its growth potential. The photothermal ratio is a quantitative descriptor that can be used to approximate this balance.

Calculation and units 
The  photothermal ratio is calculated by dividing the Daily Light Integral (photosynthetic photon flux density integrated over a day; DLI) plants are exposed to by a baseline daily temperature(Tb). PTR = DLI / Tb. Units are therefore mol quanta m−2 day−1 °C−1. Alternatively, the number of degree days have been used rather than Tb per se, with units of the form mol degree-day−1. The PTR concept has been introduced in detailed studies of growth and productivity of a particular species. For these species, a baseline temperature Tb is chosen for which it is known than no leaf elongation takes place below that temperature, which for many temperate species will be a temperature around 5 °C.

In characterizing the growth environment of a broad range of plants without reference to any specific species, Tb has been taken to be zero °C.

Normal ranges 
The photothermal ratio is relatively constant over the year in the tropics, with lowland values around 1.3 mol m−2 day−1 °C−1. At higher latitudes PTR changes with seasons, being high in spring, and low in autumn. Averaged over the growing season, PTR values are around 3 in boreal zones, and around 2 in temperate zones. Plants growing in glasshouses often grow at a PTR of ~1, experiments with Arabidopsis are often carried out at a PTR around 0.2.

Effects on plants 
Many effects that have been ascribed to light are actually dependent on temperature as well. For example, strong stem elongation at low light will only take place when temperatures are high, but not when temperatures are close to 0 °C. In wheat, PTR in the month before anthesis strongly determines the number of kernels. In horticulture, plants grown at a high PTR generally have thicker stems, shorter internodes and more flowers, and therefore have higher marketable yield.

See also 
 Daily light integral
 Climate

References 

Plants
Light
Botany
Mary Maxwell-Channell. Mary Maxwell-Channell  (23 July 1914 - 18 Dec 2012) was an engineer and businesswoman who was honoured in the 1946 New Years Honours list for her role in starting a factory producing munitions in World War II.

Early life and education 
Mary Gardner was born in rural Lancashire, England on 23 July 1914. Her parents were Thomas Gardner and Bertha May Foxcroft, and she had seven brothers and sisters. They lived in Cockerham near Garstang.

Mary studied engineering, probably at one of the London polytechnics such as Borough Polytechnic Institute which ran women's engineering courses organised by Women's Engineering Society (WES) from 1930.

Career 
The most prominent engineering enterprise of Mary Maxwell-Channell was the company Erinex which carried out wartime work in World War II. Erinex was based in the village of Flore, Northamptonshire, initially in existing village buildings, and employed mainly women. The citation under "New Members" in 1943 in the Women's Engineering Society journal The Woman Engineer said that Erinex & Co was carrying out laboratory work on metal substitution, airscrew and spinner development, plastic development and in general engineering. Later sources mention high velocity incendiary bombs. The continued story of Erinex Ltd, is described in The Woman Engineer in 1947, including the company's purchase of an autogyro. A photograph of the factory from January 1946 shows women assembling electric kettles.

For her work founding a war industry at Erinex she was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the New Years Honours of 1946.

Erinex Ltd and two other companies owned by Maxwell-Channell were wound up during 1948-1950 amid charges of fraudulent conversion of company money by her husband, Robert Maxwell-Channell.

Maxwell-Channell joined the Women's Engineering Society (WES) in 1943 and became a Member of Council 1947-1948.

Personal life 
Mary Gardener married Australian engineer Robert Maxwell-Channell on 3 June 1937 at Warwick and Leamington Register Office. In later life Mary and her husband used the surname Channell de Chanel.

Mary Maxwell-Channel de Chanell died in Bude, Cornwall in 2012.

A selection of her papers were deposited in the Institution of Engineering and Technology Archives in the early 2020s as part of the Women's Engineering Society's collection.

References 

1914 births
2012 deaths
20th-century British businesswomen
21st-century British businesswomen
20th-century British businesspeople
21st-century British businesspeople
British women in World War II
20th-century English women engineers 
20th-century English engineers 
21st-century English women engineers 
21st-century English engineers 
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Lancashire (before 1974)
Women's Engineering Society
20th-century British women engineers
Mercedes Maroto-Valer. Mercedes Maroto-Valer is a Spanish engineer who is Champion and Director of the UK Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre (IDRIC). Maroto-Valer is Deputy Principal (Global Sustainability) at Heriot-Watt University. She is also director of the Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS)  at Heriot-Watt University, where she holds the Robert Buchan Chair in Sustainable Energy Engineering. RCCS that is a multidisciplinary centre delivering innovation for the wider deployment of low-carbon energy systems required for meeting net-zero targets. Her track record covers energy systems, CCUS carbon dioxide capture and storage,  integration of hydrogen technologies and low carbon fuels. Her work has been recognised through various awards and prizes, including the Philip Leverhulme Prize for Engineering in 2009.

Maroto-Valer was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2015.

Awards 
Maroto-Valer is Fellow Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC, 2008), Fellow Institute of Chemical Engineers (FIChemE, 2013), Fellow Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE, 2015), Fellow Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (FRSA, 2016), Fellow Energy Institute (FEI, 2020).

She received the 2009 Philip Leverhulme Prize for Engineering

References 

Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)