omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
USCGC Friedman. USCGC Friedman (WMSL-760) is the eleventh  of the United States Coast Guard. She is the first ship to be named after Elizebeth Smith Friedman, the famous American cryptologist.

Development and design 

All of Legend-class cutters were constructed by Huntington Ingalls Industries and were part of the Integrated Deepwater System Program. They are of the high endurance cutter roles with additional upgrades to make it more of an asset to the Department of Defense during declared national emergency contingencies. The cutters are armed mainly to take on lightly-armed hostiles in Low-Threat Environments.

Construction and career 
Friedman and her sister ship  were ordered on 21 December 2018. Construction by Huntington Ingalls Industries began on 11 May 2021.

References

Legend-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
USCGC Argus. USCGC Argus (WMSM-915) is the lead ship of the s of the United States Coast Guard (USCG), and a part of the OPC (Offshore Patrol Cutter) Ship Type. She is the second ship to be named after Argus Panoptes, the first being USRC Argus, a Revenue Cutter Service ship which was decommissioned and sold in 1804.

Development and design 

Heritage-class cutters are the newest class of cutter in the USCG, bridging the capabilities of the  and es. They are tasked to go against lightly armed hostiles in low-threat environments.

In February 2014, the USCG announced that Bollinger Shipyards, Eastern Shipbuilding, and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works had been awarded design contracts for the OPC. The Government Accountability Office denied contract appeals by VT Halter Marine and Ingalls Shipbuilding.

In September 2016, Eastern Shipbuilding of Panama City, Florida, was awarded a $110.3 million contract to build the first Offshore Patrol Cutter with an option to purchase eight additional cutters. On October 15, 2016, the Coast Guard issued a notice to proceed with the detailed design of the Offshore Patrol Cutter to Eastern Shipbuilding.

Construction and career 
The construction of Argus was planned to begin in the late summer of 2018, with delivery in August 2021. On September 28, 2018, the USCG exercised the contract option to begin construction of the lead Offshore Patrol Cutter, along with long-lead materials for OPC #2. The total value of the options exercised is $317.5 million. Delayed by the impact of Hurricane Michael in October 2018, steel cutting for USCGC Argus began on January 7, 2019. She was laid down on 28 April 2020.

In August 2023, the Coast Guard estimated that the Argus won't be delivered until around September 30, 2024, over three years later than its original projected delivery date of August 2021, and nearly six years after Eastern Shipbuilding first cut steel for the Argus in January 2019.

USCGC Argus was launched on October 27, 2023.

See also
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References

Heritage-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard

Offshore Patrol Cutter christened, launched at Eastern Shipbuilding Group on Oct. 27, 2023 

https://www.wjhg.com/2023/10/28/offshore-patrol-cutter-christened-launched-eastern-shipbuilding-group/?pnespid=6L9rEC1IPv0Hy_ffqCmyFouSow6sRcR9c_anmLJoskRmS_mrOvCoClYPc9yiiPAu8dBKlsDjsA
USCGC Chase (WMSM-916). USCGC Chase (WMSM-916) is the second  of the United States Coast Guard (USCG).

Development and design 

Heritage-class cutters are the newest class of cutter in the USCG, bridging the capabilities of the  and the es. They are tasked to go against lightly armed hostiles in low-threat environments.

In February 2014, the USCG announced that Bollinger Shipyards, Eastern Shipbuilding, and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works had been awarded design contracts for the OPC. The Government Accountability Office denied contract appeals by VT Halter Marine and Ingalls Shipbuilding.

In September 2016, Eastern Shipbuilding of Panama City, Florida, was awarded a $110.3 million contract to build the first Offshore Patrol Cutter with an option to purchase eight additional cutters.  On October 15, 2016 the Coast Guard issued a notice to proceed with the detailed design of the Offshore Patrol Cutter to Eastern Shipbuilding.

Construction and career 
Chases first steel cutting started on 27 April 2020. She is scheduled to laid down in 2021 and be completed by 2023.

See also 
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References 

Heritage-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
USCGC Ingham (WMSM-917). USCGC Ingham (WMSM-917) is the third  of the United States Coast Guard (USCG).

Development and design 

Heritage-class cutters are the newest class of cutter in the USCG, bridging the capabilities of the  and es. They are tasked to go against lightly armed hostiles in low-threat environments.

In February 2014, the USCG announced that Bollinger Shipyards, Eastern Shipbuilding, and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works had been awarded design contracts for the OPC. The Government Accountability Office denied contract appeals by VT Halter Marine and Ingalls Shipbuilding.

In September 2016, Eastern Shipbuilding of Panama City, Florida, was awarded a $110.3 million contract to build the first Offshore Patrol Cutter with an option to purchase eight additional cutters. On 15 October 2016, the Coast Guard issued a notice to proceed with the detailed design of the Offshore Patrol Cutter to Eastern Shipbuilding.

Construction and career 
Inghams engine will be built by Fairbanks Morse at its factory in Beloit, Wisconsin.

Construction began on Ingham 27 September 2021 at Eastern Shipbuilding Group's Allanton and Nelson St. facilities. Her sponsor is Alaska senator Lisa Murkowski. Her keel was authenticated on 15 July 2022.

See also
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References

Heritage-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
USCGC Rush (WMSM-918). USCGC Rush (WMSM-918) is the fourth  of the United States Coast Guard (USCG).

Development and design 

Heritage-class cutters are the newest class of cutter in the USCG, bridging the capabilities of the s and the s. They are tasked to go against lightly-armed hostiles in low-threat environments.

In February 2014, the USCG announced that Bollinger Shipyards, Eastern Shipbuilding, and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works had been awarded design contracts for the OPC. The Government Accountability Office denied contract appeals by VT Halter Marine and Ingalls Shipbuilding.

In September 2016, Eastern Shipbuilding of Panama City, Florida, was awarded a $110.3 million contract to build the first Offshore Patrol Cutter with an option to purchase eight additional cutters. On October 15, 2016 the Coast Guard issued a notice to proceed with the detailed design of the Offshore Patrol Cutter to Eastern Shipbuilding.

Construction and career 
On 18 October 2022, Eastern Shipbuilding commenced steel cutting for Rush in Panama City, Florida.

See also
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References

Heritage-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Gelcasting. Gel casting is a direct foaming technique used to produce ceramic and polymeric scaffolds.

History
Gel casting was developed in Canada in the 1960s and ever since it became an interesting manufacturing forming process for near-net-shape, very large, high-quality, complex ceramic parts with specified threshold strength.

Process
In this technique, the precursor materials typically consist of a monomer, cross linker, free radical initiator or catalysts are placed into an aqueous suspension. Such precursor conforms to a slurry that is then foamed before it undergoes a direct consolidation step. In this step, the binder becomes polymerized to consolidate the particle structure within the precursor slurry. The process then forms a gel type of mixture, which is then cast into a proper mould. The next step, after the gel solidification, it is removed from the mould in a controlled manner and then being dried to form a green body. The outcome here has interesting mechanical properties and is capable of being machined at this step. Eventually, the binder is burnt out and the final scaffold sintering will take place.

See also
Freeze gelation
Colloidal crystal

References

Further reading
 A. Lottermoser, "Uber das Ausfrieren von Hydrosolen", Chemische Berichte, 41, 1908, 532–540

Casting (manufacturing)
Ceramics
South Australian Railways K class (narrow gauge). The South Australian Railways K class (narrow gauge) comprised a single locomotive. The design, by South Australian Railways Locomotive Engineer William Thow, was very similar to that of the broad-gauge K class, but it was smaller and lighter. It was allocated number 52 within the sequence allocated to the larger locomotives. 

The locomotive was built in 1883, five years after the first broad-gauge K class locomotive and a year before the last of the 18 such locomotives entered service. No. 52 was built by Dübs and Company of Glasgow, whereas Beyer, Peacock and Company, of Manchester, built all the broad-gauge class.

The broad-gauge design was moderately "shrunk" to meet the smaller loading gauge of  lines and the lower load-bearing capacity of track compared with the  broad gauge. Some key specifications are compared in the table below. 

A major design weakness of the broad-gauge K class was the lack of a leading bogie (pilot truck), which led to frequent derailments, especially on sharp curves and difficult gradients. A partial solution was to run the locomotives in reverse – i.e., with cab leading – so that the rear bogie led, providing guidance for the driving wheels. The extent to which the weakness affected no. 52 is not known, although the presence of a stopcock on both ends of the locomotive – to take water from a four-wheeled tank wagon on longer journeys – indicates that it was able to be operated both funnel-first and cab-first.

Little is known about the service life of the locomotive; it is believed to have spent most of its half-century existence at Peterborough as a shunting engine.

References

Narrow gauge steam locomotives
K
Dübs locomotives
0-6-4T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1884
Akhgar (missile). Akhgar missile () is an Iranian drone-launched air-to-ground missile operated by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force. This Unmanned aerial vehicle weapon, which is among the newest missiles of Iranian drones, has a range of 30 km, its weight is twenty seven kg and its maximum speed is 600 kilometers per hour.

Akhgar weighs 27 kilograms and is armed with a 7kg warhead, its length is 1.7 m and it has a diameter of 13 cm. The unmanned aerial vehicle missile is of the television-guidance type and its engine is made from the type of "micro-jet engine". This missile can be installed on the Kaman-12 (UAV), which is capable of carrying/firing from a distance of 30 kilometers by the UAV to various targets. The unveiling of this UAV-missile took place on 30 January 2019 in the "Iqtedar 40" exhibition, corresponding to the defense achievements of the Iranian Armed Forces.

See also 
 List of military equipment manufactured in Iran
 Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
 Defense industry of Iran
 Kaman-12 (UAV)
 Almas (missile)

References

Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Guided missiles of Iran
Air-to-surface missiles of Iran
Post–Cold War military equipment of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
Iranian military-related lists
Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Task Force on Process Mining. The IEEE Task Force on Process Mining (TFPM) is a non-commercial association for process mining. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Task Force on Process Mining was established in October 2009 as part of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society at the Eindhoven University of Technology. 

The task force is supported by over 80 organizations and has around 750 members. The main goal of the task force is to promote the research, development, education, and understanding of process mining.

About 
In 2012, the IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence/ IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation held a session on Process Mining. Process mining is a type of research that is a mix of computational intelligence and data mining, as well as process modeling and analysis.

Activities and organization 
The Task Force on Process Mining has a Steering Committee and an Advisory Board. The Steering Committee, was chaired by Wil van der Aalst in its inception in 2009, defined 15 action lines. These include the organization of the annual International Process Mining Conference (ICPM) series, standardization efforts leading to the IEEE XES standard for storing and exchanging event data, and the Process Mining Manifesto which was translated into 16 languages. The Task Force on Process Mining also publishes a newsletter, provides data sets, organizes workshops and competitions, and connects researchers and practitioners.

In 2016, the IEEE Standards Association published the IEEE Standard for Extensible Event Stream (XES), which is a widely accepted file format by the process mining community.

As of 2023, Boudewijn van Dongen serves as chair of the Steering Committee. Wil van der Aalst and Moe Wynn both serve as vice-chair of the Steering Committee.

See also
 Process mining
 Business process management

References

Further reading
 Aalst, W. van der (2016). Process Mining: Data Science in Action. Springer Verlag, Berlin ().
 Reinkemeyer, L. (2020). Process Mining in Action: Principles, Use Cases and Outlook. Springer Verlag, Berlin ().

Information science
Computer occupations
Computational fields of study
Data analysis
Lashkar Bridge. Lashkar Bridge-Dam, () is a world heritage site, a part of Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System, located in the island city Shushtar, Khouzestan, Iran from the Achaemenid era. Lashkar Bridge was registered on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 and is Iran's 10th cultural heritage site to be registered on the United Nations' list together with the 12 other historical bridges, dams, canals, and buildings as Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System.

Sources 

Bridges in Iran
Buildings and structures in Khuzestan province
When Robot and Crow Saved East St. Louis. "When Robot and Crow Saved East St. Louis" is a 2018 science fiction short story by Annalee Newitz. It was first published in Slate.

Synopsis
Robot is an autonomous CDC drone, monitoring the Metro East population for viral outbreaks. When the CDC's budget is cut, and Robot is abandoned, it continues its mission with the aid of the city's crows.

Reception
"When Robot and Crow Saved East St. Louis" won the 2019 Theodore Sturgeon Award. Kirkus Reviews considered it "charming", and noted that it provides "both humor and hope", while The Verge called it "great".

Janelle Shane commended Robot as "so charming that I just want to pat its little robot head", but noted that Robot's abilities to transcend the limitations in its training data and learn new languages make it an artificial general intelligence — "as magical as a talking mirror from a fairy tale", and "improbably successful" at its tasks.

Origins
Newitz has stated that the story was inspired in part by the presence of bird imagery at the Cahokia archaeological site, and has emphasized that Robot's programmed emotional responses have made it the equivalent of a victim of abuse.

References

External links
Text of the story
Audio adaptation of the story, and interview with Newitz

2018 short stories
Theodore Sturgeon Award–winning works
Works originally published in online magazines
Republic AP-100. The Republic Aviation AP-100 was a project for a VTOL, six-turbojet engined, nuclear capable, strike fighter concept. It had three ducted fans in the centre of its fuselage and tail and was a possible contender for the TFX Program. The project was designated as a "fighter", but in fact was a tactical attack aircraft capable of delivering a small nuclear bomb. The weight of the aircraft would have been  with its engines generating  of thrust.

Specifications (AP-100, as designed)

References

External links
 Video: Republic AP-100 model testing

Republic aircraft
VTOL aircraft
Six-engined jet aircraft
1950s United States attack aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Lift fan
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Gap surface plasmon. A gap surface plasmon (or gap plasmon) is a guided electromagnetic wave which propagates in a transparent medium located between two extremely close metallic regions. Propagating in a gap between metals forces light to propagate partially inside the metallic regions, causing the gap plasmon to slow down.

The velocity of the gap-plasmon can be modulated by changing the thickness of the gap even by a few nanometers.

A gap-plasmon is a guided mode, a solution of Maxwell's equations without source. It is the form under which light propagates inside an extremely thin gap between two metals (having the same nature or not).  As a gap plasmon, the electromagnetic wave can propagate up to four to five times slower than in vacuum. Such a guided mode only exists for parallel to the interface magnetic fields (p polarization). The distance between the metallic area has to be typically smaller than 50 nm in order to noticeably slow the guided mode. Actually, the GAP plasmon propagates partially inside the metal : the field of the GAP plasmon penetrates the metal to a depth of typically 25 nm, called the skin depth. A slow guided mode presents a short effective wavelength and so a very large wave vector (noted kx when the wave propagates along an Ox axis). As the thickness of the dielectric region decreases, the gap-plasmon is slowed by the metal and its effective index (as well as its wavevector) increases, while its effective wavelength shrinks.

Devices based on gap-plasmon, such as resonators, present a typical size which is of the order of the effective wavelength. Gap-plasmon resonators have in general a reduced size compared to the wavelength of light in vacuum. Such a miniaturization is particularly sought after in plasmonics.

Applications 

 Gap plasmon resonators :

They can be obtained by self-assembly of chemically synthesized nanocubes or by lithography. A GAP plasmon resonator is a cavity for the guided mode : the wave is reflected back and forth inside the resonator.

Such structures (see picture) present a very small volume compared to the wavelength is vacuum (which allow to reach a very important Purcell effect). Such resonators can then be used to design metasurfaces, fabricate reflection holograms or for subwavelength color printing.

Example : chemically synthesized silver nanocubes on a gold layer, separated by polymer (see picture).

 Electro-optical modulators :
Electro-optical modulators are designed to modulate a light signal,  i.e. they modulate on the characteristics of a light beam (such as its wavelength, polarization state or intensity) to encode a signal. The gap plasmon based modulators are the smallest existing modulators. Losses are reduced thanks to this small size. They operate over a large frequency range. Actually, the upper frequency limit of such devices is currently beyond the reach of electronic measuring devices.

References 

Electromagnetism
Metamaterials
Plasmonics
Niniane Wang. Niniane Wang is an American software engineer and technology executive. In her early career at Google, Wang co-created Google Desktop and created Google Lively. She was previously vice president of engineering of Niantic after her company Evertoon was acquired by Niantic in 2017.

Early life and education 
Wang went to school in New Mexico and Nevada. At fifteen years old, she attended the California Institute of Technology, where she received a bachelor's degree. While studying for a master's degree in computer science at the University of Washington, she worked as an engineering team leader on Microsoft's Flight Simulator 2004.

Career

Google 
Wang worked at Google for five years starting in 2003. There she was an engineering manager of products such as Gmail and co-founded Google Desktop, winning a Google Founders' Award for the latter. In a 2008 post on Google's official blog, Wang announced Google Lively, a web-based virtual world officially part of Google Labs. Wang explained that she developed Lively as a "20% Project", referring to Google's practice of allocating a portion of its employees' paid work time towards personal projects. Google planned to make Lively into a platform for developers to create games, but ultimately discontinued the service after five months in December 2008.

Minted 
For four years after she left Google, Wang was chief technology officer of Minted, an online marketplace that crowdsources designs for paper products such as stationery and wall art. During this time, in 2010, Wang and Yishan Wong founded the Sunfire Offices coworking space in Mountain View, California.

Evertoon and Niantic 
Wang founded the company Evertoon in 2016. Evertoon's mobile app allowed users to produce short animated films. Evertoon raised $1.7 million in venture capital financing and released its app in November 2016.

In June 2017, Wang was one of six women who accused venture capitalist Justin Caldbeck of sexual harassment; she told Fortune magazine that it took "100 hours of work" before and after publishing the article that leveled the accusations against Caldbeck. Initially denying the allegations, Caldbeck resigned from his position at Binary Capital four days later.

In November 2017, American software developer Niantic acquired Evertoon and hired its team of five employees. The Evertoon app was shut down later that month. After the acquisition, Wang became Niantic's vice president of engineering, where she oversaw products including Ingress and Harry Potter: Wizards Unite.

Basis Set Ventures 
Wang currently serves as the chief technology officer of Basis Set Ventures, a venture capital fund.

References 

American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
American computer programmers
American women chief executives
American Internet company founders
American women company founders
American online retailer founders
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
Google employees
Microsoft employees
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Washington alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tao Zhu Yin Yuan. The Tao Zhu Yin Yuan, also known as Agora Garden (), is a residential high-rise building located in Xinyi Special District, Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building has an architectural height of  with 21 floors above ground and four basement levels, with a floor area of . The tower was designed by the Belgian architect Vincent Callebaut and was completed in 2018. The building has received a LEED Gold energy label as well as a Diamond level awarded by the Low Carbon Building Alliance.

Design
The residential building has a special appearance and is a rare twisting building, which is modeled after a DNA strand in the form of a double helix progressing 90 degrees from top to bottom, with each floor offset 4.5 degrees from the previous. There is also a helipad located on the top floor. There are seven elevators inside, one of which can carry supercars and ambulances. The building is covered in approximately 20,000 trees and shrubs, which is aimed to reduce the carbon footprint of Taipei by absorbing around 130 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions each year.

Awards
CTBUH Award 2015: Innovation Award 2015 Award of Excellence
German Design Award 2018: Excellent Communications Design Architecture

Gallery

See also 
 List of tallest buildings in Taipei
 Vincent Callebaut
 Polaris Garden
 55 Timeless
 Kingdom of Global View

References

External List
Official Website of Tao Zhu Yin Yuan 

2018 establishments in Taiwan
Residential buildings completed in 2018
Residential skyscrapers in Taiwan
Skyscrapers in Taipei
Apartment buildings in Taiwan
Postmodern architecture in Taiwan
Futurist architecture