omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
David A. Weitz. David A. Weitz (born October 3, 1951) is a Canadian/American physicist and Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics & Applied Physics at Harvard University. He is the former co-director of the BASF Advanced Research Initiative at Harvard, former co-director of the Harvard Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology (2007-2010), and former director of the Harvard Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (2001-2020). He is known for his work in the areas of diffusing-wave spectroscopy, microrheology, microfluidics, rheology, fluid mechanics, interface and colloid science, colloid chemistry, biophysics, complex fluids, soft condensed matter physics, phase transitions, the study of glass and amorphous solids, liquid crystals, self-assembly, surface-enhanced light scattering, and diffusion-limited aggregation. His laboratory also developed Force spectrum microscopy, which is capable of measuring random intracellular forces. As of October 2024, he has a Hirsch index of 213.

Weitz received his B.Sc. in physics from the University of Waterloo and his PhD in superconductivity from Harvard. He then worked as a research physicist at Exxon Research and Engineering for nearly 18 years, leading the Interfaces and Inhomogeneous Materials Group and Complex Fluids Area. He then became a Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania, before moving to Harvard in 1999.

In 2016, Weitz was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for "discoveries of complex fluids, colloids, and emulsions, which have resulted in new products and companies". Weitz is also an elected member of the National Academy of Science and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

Weitz is an active entrepreneur and the founder of many companies, including the microfluidics company RainDance and a desktop DNA sequencer, GnuBio, which was acquired by Biorad.

See also
 List of University of Waterloo people

References

External links
Experimental Soft Condensed Matter Group Homepage
Harvard Physics Department Listing
Weitz profile page, Wyss Institute

1951 births
21st-century American physicists
Harvard University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Living people
Lithium tetrachloroaluminate. Lithium tetrachloroaluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula . It consists of lithium cations  and tetrahedral tetrachloroaluminate anions .

Uses
Lithium tetrachloroaluminate is used in some lithium batteries. A solution of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in thionyl chloride is the liquid cathode and electrolyte in those baterries, e.g. the lithium-thionyl chloride cell. Another cathode-electrolyte formulation is lithium tetrachloroaluminate + thionyl chloride + sulfur dioxide + bromine.

Reactions
Reacts violently with water, alcohols and oxidizing agents. Upon exposure to heat or fire, it decomposes emitting irritating and toxic fumes and smoke of hydrogen chloride, lithium oxide and aluminium oxide.

Toxicity
Upon contact with skin, causes burns. Inhalation causes coughing and corrosive injuries to the respiratory system, which can lead to pneumonia. This compound is extremely destructive to the mucous tissues. May cause pulmonary edema and edema of the larynx, laryngitis and edema of bronchi, leading to shortness of breath. May cause damage to the eyes, headache and nausea. If swallowed, may cause damage.

References

Lithium salts
Tetrachloroaluminates
Bridgewire. A bridgewire or bridge wire, also known as a hot bridge wire (HBW), is a relatively thin resistance wire used to set off a pyrotechnic composition serving as pyrotechnic initiator. By passing of electric current it is heated to a high temperature that starts the exothermic chemical reaction of the attached composition. After successful firing, the bridgewire melts, resulting in an open circuit.

Usually a thin nichrome wire is used. Some applications also use platinum-silver alloy; other bridgewire materials in use are platinum, gold, silver, tungsten, etc. Care has to be taken when selecting the material as it is in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition and should not undergo corrosion in such conditions. Another material, able to actively release chemical energy, is Pyrofuze, aluminium wire clad with palladium; when being heated it undergoes strongly exothermic reaction as the molten metals form an alloy. A variant with the same function consists of laminated thin alternate layers of aluminium and nickel. Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire. Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material. In amateur rocketry, grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used.

A shallow notch cut into the center of the bridgewire promotes gross localized overheating instead of homogeneous heating of the entire bridgewire. This may improve the bridgewire performance in some applications. 

Bridgewires are used in diverse applications; to trigger detonators, electric matches, squibs, electric blasting caps, pyrotechnic fasteners, and more. Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition (pyrogen) are known as electric matches. Pyrogens with content of magnesium allow reaching very high combustion temperatures.

Devices using bridgewires, whether for initiating an explosion ("electroexplosive") or for nonexplosive purposes, are called bridge wire actuated devices (BWAD).

Bridgewires, especially connected to longer cables, may be susceptible to initiation by currents induced by external electromagnetic fields.

By passing an extremely high amount of electric current through the bridgewire, it gets rapidly vaporized, causing a small explosion. This is exploited in exploding-bridgewire detonators (EBWs), used for very safe and highly precise initiation of explosives, e.g. in nuclear weapons.

Notes

External links
 Bridgewire heating

Pyrotechnic initiators
Fire making
Italian Aerospace Research Centre. The Italian Aerospace Research Centre (, CIRA) is a consortium established in July 1984 to promote the growth and success of the aerospace industry in Italy (its head-office is in Capua). The majority of CIRA share capital is held by government organizations: the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the National Research Council of Italy (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR).

Spaceplane technology 
CIRA is developing spaceplane technology using its facilities for numerical simulation and ground tests, and has flown its first transonic flight test of a "flying test-bed" (FTB) vehicle dropped from a high-altitude balloon. CIRA intends to develop FTB vehicles by 2012 that can perform atmospheric reentry from low Earth orbit, launched using the Vega space launch system. This is consistent with the Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) plan of the European Space Agency.

Since 2005, CIRA is a partner of the Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC).

References 

Space technology research institutes
Research institutes in Italy
Companies based in Campania
Hu Haichang. Hu Haichang (; April 25, 1928 – February 21, 2011) was a Chinese mechanical and aerospace engineer. He was in charge of the early phase development for the Dong Fang Hong I, China's first artificial satellite. Hu was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Biography
Hu was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in April 1928. Hu graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, and his academic advisor was Chien Wei-zang.

After graduation, Hu joined the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing, which was mainly founded by Tsien Hsue-shen in 1950s. From 1968 until retired, Hu worked for the CAS Department of Spacecraft System Design.

Hu mainly generalized some versatile variational principles especially in elastic mechanics and promoted their corresponding applications such as in the spacecraft system design. Hu worked for China's spacecraft system design as early as 1966. Hu was in charge of the general system and structure design both for the Dong Fang Hong I and Dong Fang Hong II satellites in their early development phases.

In 1993, Hu became a senior advisor and member of the Science and Technology Commission of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, a technical consultant of the China Academy of Space Technology. He was also the Honorary Director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Department of Spacecraft System Design.

Hu was the Chief Director of the Chinese Society for Vibrational Engineering (中国振动工程学会) and a vice-president of the Chinese Society of Mechanics (中国力学学会).

Hu was a part-time professor of Peking University, Zhejiang University and Jilin University, and he was titled as an Honorary Professor of Qingdao University. Hu was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Academic contributions
The Hu–Washizu principle and the Hu–Washizu functional in continuum mechanics is named after him.

The Hu Hai-chang's solution or Hu's solution for the 3-dimensional problems in the theory of elasticity of a transversely isotropic body, is also named after Hu.

References

External links
 China Academy of Space Technology: The Biography of Hu Haichang (, including photo)
 China Vitae: Biography of Hu Haichang (, including photo)
 The Holeung Ho Lee Foundation: Abstract of Hu Haichang (, including photo)

1928 births
2011 deaths
Chinese aerospace engineers
Chinese mechanical engineers
Engineers from Zhejiang
Academic staff of Jilin University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Peking University
Zhejiang University alumni
Academic staff of Zhejiang University
Patricia Selinger. Patricia G. Selinger is an American computer scientist and IBM Fellow, best known for her work on relational database management systems.

Education 
She received A.B. (1971), S.M. (1972), and Ph.D. (1975) degrees in applied mathematics from Harvard University.

Biography 
She played a fundamental role in the development of System R, a pioneering relational database implementation, and wrote the canonical paper on relational query optimization. She is a pioneer in relational database management and inventor of the technique of cost-based query optimization. She was a key member of the original System R team that created the first relational database research prototype. The dynamic programming algorithm for determining join order proposed in that paper still forms the basis for most of the query optimizers used in modern relational systems. She also established and led IBM’s Database Technology Institute, considered one of the most successful examples of a fast technology pipeline from research to development and personally has technical contributions in the areas of database optimization, data parallelism, distributed data, and unstructured data management. Before her retirement from IBM, she was the Vice President of Data Management Architecture and Technology at IBM.

Dr. Selinger was appointed an IBM Fellow in 1994, IBM’s highest technical recognition, and is an ACM Fellow (2009) and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was also elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1999) for leadership and contributions to relational database technology.

Dr. Selinger has published more than 40 papers, and also received the ACM Systems Software Award for her work on System R. She received the SIGMOD Innovations Award in 2002, the highest ACM award given in the area of data management.

From 2014 through 2016, Dr. Selinger was the Chief Technology Officer at Paradata (Paradata.io) where she worked on challenging problems in data harmonization, curation, provenance, and entity resolution to provide transparency to the supply chain. Paradata technology transforms real-time data into verified insights and executable actions.

From 2017 through 2018, Dr. Selinger served as a Principal Architect at Salesforce.com. She is now retired.

References

External links
IBM Women in Technology Profile
Database Dialogue with Pat Selinger, an interview conducted by James Hamilton and published in the Communications of the ACM

IBM Fellows
2009 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Database researchers
Living people
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
Parameter validation. In computer software, the term parameter validation is the automated processing, in a module, to validate the spelling or accuracy of parameters passed to that module.  The term has been in common use for over 30 years.  Specific best practices have been developed, for decades, to improve the handling of such parameters.

Parameter validation can be used to defend against cross-site scripting attacks.

See also
 Data validation
 Strong typing
 Error handling
 Sanity check

Notes

References
 "Parameter validation for software reliability", G.B. Alleman, 1978, webpage: ACM-517: paper presents a method for increasing software reliability through parameter validation.

Software testing
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (abbreviated as LNCTB or LNCT Bhopal) is a technology-oriented institute of higher education established by LNCT Group of Colleges.

History

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology was established in 1994 and began as a private engineering college for young students across the country. It was founded by the Kalchuri Educational Trust, Bhopal. The institute aimed to produce the highest-quality skilled manpower that was able to adapt to the evolving industrial needs of the country.

The college is affiliated with the Rajiv Gandhi Technical University. Its engineering courses are affiliated with the University of Madhya Pradesh and its management and pharmacy courses are affiliated with Barkatullah University (BU). The university is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and Pharmacy Council of India (PCI).

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology & Science (LNCTS) was founded in 2006, while Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence (LNCTE) was established in 2007.

In 2013, the LNCT was awarded the Best Institute of Bhopal by CMAI (Communication, Multimedia and Infrastructure of India) in National Madhya Pradesh Education Awards. In 2017, the college received its NBA Accredition.

In 2015, LNCT hosted the Indian Language Conference, where Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan, was the special guest.

LNCT has association with Elite Football League of India for EFLI University League.

Rankings
In 2018, it was ranked 74 amongst the engineering colleges in India 2018 by Outlook India.

In 2021, LNCT was ranked AIR 184 by NIRF, Ministry of Education, Government of India.

Academics and admission
LNCT offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and research degrees across various disciplines such as engineering, management, computer applications, and pharmacy. For its undergraduate curriculum, admission is done through the Joint Entrance Examination (Main) followed by counselling by the Directorate of Technical Education and Madhya Pradesh Government. For its postgraduate curriculum, admission to its MTech programs is done through the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). Admission in other courses are done through a state-level entrance test.

See also
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Jabalpur
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MACT)
Joint Entrance Examination
List of educational institutions in Bhopal

References

External links
LNCT's Official website
LNCT's University Official website
RGPV

Engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Bhopal
Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid. The Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid is a hydraulic excavator manufactured by Komatsu Limited. It is the world's first hybrid (electro-hydraulic) powered construction equipment. At the time of its launch it was found to consume 25% less fuel than comparable non-hybrid excavators and up to 40% less fuel while carrying out certain functions. It was released on 1 June 2008. It has been made available in Japan, China and North America.

Mechanism
The Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid uses the Komatsu Hybrid System. The system uses an ultracapacitor bank to store energy generated by the swing movement of the upper structure of the excavator. An electric slewing motor/generator produces electrical power (as a generator) when braking the upper structure, and stores the current in the ultracapacitor bank. The excavator then utilizes electricity discharged from the ultracapacitor bank to power a motor to assist the engine and feed the motor/generator for swing acceleration. At the time of its release, recorded fuel consumption was found to be reduced by as much as 41% when compared to comparable non-hybrid machines. Construction Equipment magazine compared the HB215LC-1 hybrid excavator with a conventional model.

See als0
 Long reach excavator

References

External links
Official Website
Crawler Excavator

Excavators
PC200-8 Hybrid
Diesel–electric cars
IATA Accident Classification Task Force. The IATA Accident Classification Task Force (ACTF) analyses and classifies commercial aviation accidents for jet aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of more than 20 tons and for turboprops of more than 5,7 tons (metric). The task force holds its annual meeting typically early in January to discuss, analyse and classify the accidents of the previous year. A special Accident Classification system based on a Threat and Error Management Framework is applied. The task force comes up with recommendations to enhance safety of air transportation. The outcomes, including statistical data, correlations and accident causations are published in the annual IATA Safety Report. 

The group consists of safety experts from airlines from different regions of the world, aircraft and equipment manufacturers, air navigation service providers, pilot unions and air navigation chart providers. The variety in expertise and by region ensures that many aspects of an accident are covered.

Membership is by invitation.

Previous meeting locations 
 2006 Geneva
 2007 Vienna
 2008 Lisbon
 2009 Vienna

Chairperson 

 Dr. Dieter Reisinger, MSc (Chair)
 Martin Maurino (Safety Advisor)

See also 
Accident classification

External links 
IATA Accident Classification Task Force
Agenda IASS 2008, Waikiki
IATA Safety Group and Task Forces 
IATA Safety Report 

Accident Classification Task Force
Hardeland hydroelectric power station. Hardeland hydroelectric power station is a power plant in Etne in western Norway. The site is owned and operated by Haugaland Kraft.

The station uses water from two sets of reservoirs. Hardeland H is a 400 m vertical fall from Løkjelsvatnet, while Hardeland K uses Grindheimsvatnet, Ilsvatnet, Basurde-/Krokavatnet and Hjørnås via a 305 m fall from the Hjørnås lake.

Hardeland is connected to the grid with a 22 kV line to Litledalen. The site uses three pelton wheels with 14 MW generators, and average yearly output is 123 GWh.

See also

References

External links 
 Power plants owned and operated by Haugaland Kraft

Hydroelectric power stations in Norway
Luis Ceballos y Fernández de Córdoba. Luis Ceballos y Fernández de Córdoba (31 July 1896 in San Lorenzo de El Escorial – 26 September 1967) was a Spanish forest engineer and botanist. He was member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences and the Royal Spanish Academy.

One of his major works was the General Plan of Reforestation of Spain, made in 1938, which is the foundation of a philosophy, ahead for the time, in which established the modern ecological basis for afforestation. But his great work, that had been long planned and organized, was the development of the first Forestal Map of Spain, which was introduced in June 1966.

His brother Gonzalo was an entomologist who specialised in Ichneumonidae.

References

External links 
Colegio Montes Biography, portrait, bibliography (partial) (in Spanish)

20th-century Spanish botanists
Spanish entomologists
Hymenopterists
1896 births
1967 deaths
20th-century Spanish zoologists
Constrictivity. Constrictivity is a dimensionless parameter used to describe transport processes (often molecular diffusion) in porous media.

Constrictivity is viewed to depend on the ratio of the diameter of the diffusing particle to the pore diameter. The value of constrictivity is always less than 1. The constrictivity is defined not for a single pore, but as the parameter of the entire pore space considered.

The resistance to transport in porous media increases because the viscosity of the fluid (which fills the pores) increases in the vicinity of the pore walls (Renkin effect; see also  electroviscous effects). This effect is important in very narrow pores and in pore narrowing their diameter to the same size as the diameter of the diffusing particles. Constrictivity must be distinguished from the effects of Knudsen diffusion. Knudsen diffusion occurs when the particle interacts with the pore walls more than it does with other particles due to the large free path and narrow pores. Constrictivity, on the other hand, depends on the influence of the pore walls on the fluid filling the pores.

There are a number of empirical formulas used to estimate the value of constrictivity. For simple pore geometries, constrictivity can be inferred from the geometry of the porous media. In practice, the constrictivity together with the porosity and tortuosity are often used in models as purely empirical parameters to establish the effective diffusivities in porous media.

Footnotes

Sources
P. Grathwohl: Diffusion in natural porous media: Contaminant transport, sorption/desorption and dissolution kinetics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998, 
R. K. M. Thambynayagam: The Diffusion Handbook: Applied Solutions for Engineers. McGraw-Hill, 2011, 
van Brakel, J., Heertjes, P. M. (1974): Analysis of diffusion in macroporous media in terms of a porosity, a tortuosity and a constrictivity factor. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 17: 1093–1103

Porous media
Transport phenomena
Hydrogeology
Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research. The Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR) is an annual computer science conference focused on research into new techniques for data management. It was started in 2002 by Michael Stonebraker, Jim Gray, and David DeWitt as a biennial conference to be held at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California. In 2020, it was transformed into an annual conference with alternating location between Amsterdam and the USA.

CIDR focuses on presenting work that is more speculative, radical, or provocative than what is typically accepted by the traditional database research conferences (such as the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) and the ACM SIGMOD Conference).

See also
 International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB)
 ACM SIGMOD Conference
 GI BTW Conference

External links
 CIDR website

Data management
Computer science conferences
Honeywell HTS900. The Honeywell HTS900 is an American turboshaft engine produced by Honeywell Aerospace. A growth version of the LTS101 which it is designed to replace, the HTS900 is in the 1,000 shp (745 kW) class.

At the October 2018 NBAA convention, it was shown with two  electric generators for hybrid electric aircraft, and it can be developed up to , targeting a conversion efficiency of 98%.

Applications
 Bell ARH-70 Arapaho
 XTI TriFan 600

Specifications (HTS900)

 Control system: FADEC: dual channel ECU + electromechanical backup

See also

References

External links
 Honeywell HTS900 page 
 
 

HTS900
2000s turboshaft engines