omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Thomas Forster Brown. Thomas Forster Brown  (1835 – 23 October 1907) was an English civil and mining engineer who was known for his activity in South Wales.

Career
Thomas Forster Brown was born in Garrigill, Cumberland in 1835.
He learned his trade from Thomas Emerson Forster, who gave him practical experience of the metal and coal mines of Northumberland and Durham. 
In 1855 he was appointed Assistant Manager or Resident Viewer of the Stella Colliery, Durham.
Three years later he became Manager of the Machen Collieries, Monmouthshire, holding this position until 1865.
He advised on the opening of the Rhos Llantwit Colliery, and was engineer of this colliery until the pit was exhausted and abandoned around 1890.

Brown was deputy gaveller (mineral agent) for the Crown in the Forest of Dean from 1865 to 1903.
He was one of the joint engineers in the development of the Barry Dock and Railways in 1884–89.
The lead engineer was John Wolfe Barry.
Henry Marc Brunel, son of the famous engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, was the other assistant engineer.
Brown became a partner of the firm of Forster Brown and Rees in 1888.
He was also an engineer for the Vale of Glamorgan Railway.

Brown was a president of the South Wales Institute of Engineers.
In 1896 he was elected a member of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.
He died on 23 October 1907 in Richmond, North Yorkshire at the age of 72.

References

Sources

1835 births
1907 deaths
English civil engineers
People from Alston Moor
Apple S1. The Apple S1 is the integrated computer in the Apple Watch, and it is described as a "System in Package" (SiP) by Apple Inc.

Samsung is said to be the main supplier of key components, such as the RAM and NAND flash storage, and the assembly itself, but early teardowns reveal RAM and flash memory from Toshiba and Micron Technology.

System-in-Package design
It uses a customized application processor that together with memory, storage and support processors for wireless connectivity, sensors and I/O constitute a complete computer in a single package. This package is filled with resin for durability.

Components
From reverse engineering, the processor handling the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth is a Broadcom BCM43342 and the six-axis gyroscope is from STMicroelectronics.

Apple designed 32-bit ARMv7 based application processor APL0778 as the central processing unit (CPU), with an integrated PowerVR SGX543 graphics processing unit (GPU).
512 MB DRAM from Elpida, wire bonded on top of the APL0778 CPU
NFC controller from NXP
NFC booster chip from AMS
8 GB flash from SanDisk and Toshiba
Wireless charging chip from IDT
Touch controller from ADI
Integrated gyro/accelerometer from STMicroelectronics
BCM43342 Wi-Fi/FM/BT combo chip from Broadcom
Power management unit (PMU) from Dialog Semiconductor

S1P 
The SiP in Apple Watch Series 1 is called S1P and looks superficially identical to the S1, but in reality is an S2 minus the on-chip GPS functionality. It contains the same dual-core CPU with the same new GPU capabilities as the S2 making it about 50% faster than the S1.

Announcement
The S1 was announced on 9 September 2014 as part of the "Wish we could say more" event.

The S1P was announced on 7 September 2016 as part of the "See you on the 7th" event.

Launch date
The S1 made its first appearance within the Apple Watch, which arrived in April 2015. The S1 was discontinued with the launch of Apple Watch Series 1, containing the S1P.

The S1P was released with the Apple Watch Series 1 on 16 September 2016.

Images

See also 
 Apple silicon, the range of ARM-based processors designed by Apple.
 Apple Watch
 Apple S2

References 

Apple silicon
2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride. 2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride is an organic acid anhydride also known as the Shiina reagent, having a structure wherein carboxylic acids undergo intermolecular dehydration condensation.
It was developed in 2002 by Prof. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan). The compound is often abbreviated MNBA.

Abstract 
The reagent is used for synthetic reactions wherein medium- and large-sized lactones are formed from hydroxycarboxylic acids via intramolecular ring closure (Shiina macrolactonization). The reaction proceeds at room temperature under basic or neutral conditions. This reagent can be used not only for macrolactonization but also for esterification, amidation, and peptide coupling.

See also 
 Condensation reaction
 Fischer-Speier esterification
 Mitsunobu reaction
 Shiina esterification
 Steglich esterification
 Yamaguchi esterification

References

External links 
 2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic Anhydride (MNBA) 
 Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Octalactin A Using Asymmetric Aldol Reactions and a Rapid Lactonization To Form a Medium-Sized Ring 
 Total Synthesis of Iejimalide B. An Application of the Shiina Macrolactonization 

Carboxylic anhydrides
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Zhushan Power Plant. The Zhushan Power Plant () is a (diesel) fuel-fired power plant in Cingshuei Village, Nangan Township, Matsu Islands, Taiwan (ROC).

History
The installation of the generation units were done in 2007. The construction of the power plant was completed in 2009. It was commissioned on 22 March 2010. In October 2014, the plant was organized to be the subordinate of Hsieh-ho Power Plant in Keelung with the official name of Zhushan Branch Power Plant of the Keelung's plant.

Generation units
The power plant has four diesel fuel-fired units.

See also

 List of power stations in Taiwan
 Electricity sector in Taiwan

References

2010 establishments in Taiwan
Buildings and structures in Lienchiang County
Energy infrastructure completed in 2010
Nangang Township
Oil-fired power stations in Taiwan
Landing area. Landing area is an official designation of specialized Earth surface region by the international standard publication describing airfields and airports to aviators, the Aeronautical Information Publication. As such, it is directly translated into dozens of languages, wherever an AIP publication exists, which is one for every aviation-regulating country of the world. It is the most salient description of the logistics real estate which enable planes or helicopters or other aircraft to come and go.  It also has other meanings, which extend beyond aviation concepts and airport terminology, all of them military in kind.

A landing area may be:
 Any wrought, treated or merely selected surface of land, water, or a ship vessel's deck employed in a sustained way for either takeoff or landing of aircraft. 
 Operational area segment of an amphibious military unit. This may comprise the beach, the over-water or over-land approaches to the said beach, as well as adjacent transport areas, airspace, or so-called fire support zones, including airspace and terrain subjected to the presence or actions of close-support aircraft. Usually this concept extends to any land included in any consequent military advance made.
 (Airborne forces) The area where landing troops are to be deployed, or supplies, either through air landing or air drop, including drop zones, landing strips, adjacent airspace or body of water.

See also
 Airport
 Airfield
 Altiport
 Wayport
 STOLport
 Joint-use airport
 Highway strip
 Satellite airfield
 Operational area
 Beachhead/Landing operation
 Airspace/Airhead
 Amphibious force
 Airdrop
 Drop zone/Landing zone

References
 

Airport infrastructure
Military terminology
Military terminology of the United States
Airfields
Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability. The Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability is a research facility at the University of Bristol,  a research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom. Founded in 2001, by Professor Kuball the centre is engaged in thermal and reliability research of semiconductor devices, in particular for microwave and power electronic devices. It is housed in the H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, a noted physics laboratory associated with the Physics department of the university. The centre is noted for developing an integrated Raman-IR thermography technique to probe self-heating in silicon, GaAs and other devices. This enables unique thermal analysis of semiconductor devices on a detailed level not possible before. These techniques are critical in understanding the reliability of Compound semiconductor devices applicable in power and microwave devices and in the long term as a viable replacement for Silicon devices as it approaches the end of scaling.

The institute gets funding from various government and private sector sources, such as European Space Agency and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Solid state device research  
The H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, named after Henry Herbert Wills, is the home of the department of Physics of the university. Former heads of department include Sir Charles Frank (crystal growth, liquid crystals) and Nobel Laureates C. F. Powell (whose discovery of the π meson marked the birth of modern particle physics), and Sir Nevill Mott. The Aharonov-Bohm effect and the Berry phase are also Bristol discoveries. The School carries out research in the fields of Astrophysics, Correlated Electron Systems, Micro and Nanostructural Materials, Nanophysics and Soft Matter, Particle Physics, Quantum Photonics and Theoretical Physics. 
The school is a principal stakeholder in the university's £11 million Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information and the £3 million Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability. The laboratory is one of the quietest laboratories in the world.

Research 
The centre carries out in research in the following areas.
 Microwave and Power electronic devices
 Thermal management research
 Electronic Device Performance and Reliability
 Device Simulation

References 

University of Bristol
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
Multiuser DOS Federation. The Multiuser DOS Federation (MDOS) was an industry alliance to promote the growth and acceptance of multi-user DOS-based solutions on 286, 386 and 486 computers. It was formed in July 1990. Initially among them were Digital Research, Theos Software, SunRiver, DigiBoard, Alloy, Viewport International and others. The idea was to reduce costs by allowing workgroups to run DOS applications from a shared PC while working on terminals or workstations.

On 18 February 1991, several members of the Multiuser DOS Federation issued a press release regarding their intentions to support DPMI (mostly DPMI 1.0) in their products including Alloy Computer Products Inc. (PC-PLUS), Bluebird Systems, Inc. (SuperDOS), Concurrent Controls, Inc. (CCI Concurrent DOS 386, CCI Multiuser DOS), Digital Research, Inc. (DR Multiuser DOS), S&H Computer Systems, Inc. (TSX-32), StarPath Systems, Inc. (Vmos/3), The Software Link (PC-MOS/386), THEOS Software Corporation (THEOS), Intelligent Graphics Corporation (VM/386). Several of them had previously worked on the alternative XVCPI specification.

See also
 AT Multiuser System
 Virtual DOS machine

References

DOS on IBM PC compatibles
609 Main at Texas. 609 Main at Texas (also referred to as Hines North Tower, Block 69) is a skyscraper in Houston, Texas. 

The 48-story skyscraper was designed by the Connecticut-based architecture firm Pickard Chilton. The building listed United Airlines as its anchor tenant, which occupied the spaces in 2018. The distinct launch feature of the building was its emphasis on sustainability: the tower received a platinum certification under the USGBC's LEED rating system, making it one of the most sustainable buildings in Houston in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impacts at the time. Notably, the tower has also featured garden rooftops as a beginning to future trend in Houston skyline.

Construction 
609 Main at Texas first came into public attention in 2011, with its estimated completion date set to be in 2013. Eventually, the construction for the building began in 2014, and was completed and opened in 2017 by the Hines Development Group.

Modern status 

The skyscraper is being actively occupied for the use between retail and office spaces. Out of the advertised total floor plate of , the tower was 95 percent leased as of December 2020. The notable tenant companies included Kirkland & Ellis LLP, White & Case, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe, EnVen Energy, Royal Bank of Canada, and Hogan Lovells, among others. The 609 Main ended up as one of the 31 projects which by now have defined Houston's skyline, constructed by the Hines' group over the last 50 years.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Houston
List of tallest buildings in Texas

References

Office buildings completed in 2017
Hines Interests Limited Partnership
Buildings and structures in Houston
Skyscraper office buildings in Houston
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design platinum certified buildings
Defect criticality. In the context of software quality, defect criticality is a measure of the impact of a software defect. It is defined as the product of severity, likelihood, and class.

Defects are different from user stories, and therefore the priority (severity) should be calculated as follows.

Severity/impact

 0 - Affects critical data or functionality and leaves users with no workaround
 1 - Affects critical data or functionality and forces users to employ a workaround
 2 - Affects non-critical data or functionality and forces users to employ a workaround
 3 - Affects non-critical data or functionality and does not force users to employ a workaround
 4 - Affects aesthetics, professional look and feel, “quality” or “usability”

Likelihood/visibility

 1 - Seen by all or almost all users who use the application (>=95% of users)
 2 - Seen by more than 2/3 of the users who use the application (>67% and <95%)
 3 - Seen by about half the users who use the application (>33% and <66%)
 4 - Seen by about 1/3 or less of the users who use the application (>0% and <32%)

Class of defect

Class 0
 Stability, Reliability and Availability
 Security
 Legal (Liability, ADA, Copyright)
Testability
 Storage (data loss/corruption)

Class 1
 Performance and Efficiency (use of resources: memory, disk, CPU)
 Scalability

Class 2
 Functionality
 Logic or Calculation
 Compatibility
Interoperability

Class 3
 Usability
 Learn ability
 Readability
 Documentation
 Consistency
 Workflow (“feel”)

Class 4
 Typographic or grammatical
Aesthetics
 Appearance or Cosmetic

Assessing the criticality score
 0–2 = Critical
 3–9 = Major
 10–20 = Medium
 21–64 = Low

References

Software bugs
Software development
Quality assurance
Makelan Corporation. The Makelan Corporation is an American aircraft manufacturer based in New Braunfels, Texas. The company provides kits for the Hatz Classic biplane design.

J. W. (Jeff) Shoemake is the company owner, while  Sylvia Shoemake is manager.

The company's sole product is a development of the Hatz CB-1, that was designed by John Hatz in the 1960s. The Hatz Classic is an improved model with additional cockpit room, designed by Billy Dawson of Seguin, Texas in the 1990s. Dawson's prototype first flew in 1996 and won several awards, including Reserve Grand Champion - Plans Built at Airventure 1996, Grand Champion Experimental and Reserve Grand Champion Open Cockpit - Biplane at the 1997 Biplane Expo and Grand Champion - Plans Built at AirVenture 1997.

By 1998 the company reported that five Hatz Classic kits had been sold and three aircraft were completed and flying. In September 2014 twelve examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Aircraft

References

External links
 Official website archive

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in New Braunfels, Texas
Homebuilt aircraft
Purwanchal Campus. Purwanchal Campus () previously known as Eastern Regional Campus (ERC) is one of the five constituent engineering campuses under Institute of Engineering of Tribhuvan University. Purwanchal Campus is the only constituent campus of IOE, which offers agriculture engineering in context of Nepal and only campus under TU to have this program at bachelor level and master level.

Located in Dharan, a major city of Koshi Province the campus was established in 1976 A.D. to develop middle level manpower in the field in different fields engineering which upgraded its programs to bachelor and master level along the course of time.

Course offered

Bachelor programs

Masters level 

 Masters in Land and Water engineering
 Master in Sanitation engineering
 Masters in Information System Engineering

Student Life 
Purwanchal Campus offers a vibrant array of student activities throughout the year, ranging from technical workshops to cultural events. Among these, CS50xNepal was a notable addition, marking its first-ever occurrence in Nepal. This program provided students with a unique opportunity to engage with a globally recognized computer science curriculum, further enriching the campus's diverse extracurricular landscape. Students participated in various activities, including hands-on projects, hackathons, and the LibreOffice 24.2 Release Party, which connected them with the broader open-source community in Nepal.

See also 
 Institute of Engineering
 Pulchowk Campus
 Thapathali Campus
 Pashchimanchal Campus
 Chitwan Engineering College

References 

Engineering colleges in Nepal
Tribhuvan University
1977 establishments in Nepal
Constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University
Nicky Smith (RAF officer). Squadron Leader Nicola Elizabeth Smith is a retired British Royal Air Force officer. She was the first female military helicopter pilot in the United Kingdom and in 2002 she became the first female to command a flying squadron.

Nicky Smith was born in Colchester and studied aeronautical engineering at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where she joined Cambridge University Air Squadron in 1986. Regraded from acting pilot officer to pilot officer on 15 July 1989, she passed out from the RAF College Cranwell in 1990 with the Sash of Merit as best female cadet. She was promoted flying officer on 15 January 1990 and in November 1990 she transferred from the Engineer Branch to the General Duties Branch as aircrew, becoming one of the first female trainee pilots in the RAF. She was promoted flight lieutenant on 15 January 1992. She went to RAF Swinderby for elementary flying training, returned to Cranwell for basic flying training, and then went to RAF Shawbury, where she became the first woman in the British military to qualify as a helicopter pilot in October 1992.

She became a search and rescue pilot, flying Westland Sea Kings, initially with 202 Squadron at RAF Boulmer in Northumberland, then with the same squadron at RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland, and later with 22 Squadron at RAF Valley on Anglesey, flying more than 250 missions.

She was promoted squadron leader in 1999 and, after a staff tour as the personal staff officer to the Air Officer Commanding and Commandant of the RAF College Cranwell, she trained on Westland Wessex helicopters with 72 Squadron at RAF Aldergrove in Northern Ireland before being posted to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus to take command of 84 Squadron in March 2002.

She retired from the RAF in September 2006, although keeping her ties with the service by joining the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (Training Branch) as a flying officer, and taught mathematics at Felsted School until September 2007, when she joined CHC Helicopter as business development manager and Soteria Search and Rescue as transition manager. In April 2011, she joined Essex and Hertfordshire Air Ambulance as an air ambulance pilot. In November 2014, Captain Smith moved to Wiltshire Air Ambulance.

See also
Sara Mackmin, the RAF's first female flying unit commander

Footnotes

1960s births
Living people
Schoolteachers from Essex
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Royal Air Force squadron leaders
Women in the Royal Air Force
Women helicopter pilots
Women's Royal Air Force officers
Military personnel from Colchester
BS 7910. BS 7910, guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures, is a British Standard code of practice for the assessment of flaws (weld defects in particular) using fracture mechanics principles. The technique is also referred to as an engineering critical assessment (ECA) or damage tolerance, and is complementary to other methods of weld quality assurance.

The standard was first introduced in 1980 as a fracture and fatigue assessment procedure, when it was known as PD 6493. Its name was changed to BS 7910 following a revision in 1999. The standard has undergone numerous subsequent revisions, the most recent being in December 2019.

Flaws (such as fabrication cracks, fatigue cracks, creep cracks and corrosion damage) can arise during the manufacture and use of metallic components. For safety-critical items such as aircraft, pipelines and pressure vessels, the failure of a single component due to the presence of a flaw can threaten human life, as well as having severe economic and environmental consequences. Other flaws may be harmless, as they will not lead to failure during the lifetime of the component. Replacement or repair of such flaws is economically wasteful. A fitness-for-service procedure such as BS 7910 allows flaws to be evaluated consistently and objectively, using fracture mechanics principles.

References

External links
 BSI Group

07910
Let-Mont. Let-Mont s.r.o. was a Czech aircraft manufacturer based in Vikýřovice. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft.

The company's two designs, the Tulak and the Piper UL, were based upon 1940s and 1950s Piper Aircraft models. The company appears to have gone out of business in the mid-2000s period.

Both aircraft models offered were designed to comply with the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category and were sold ready-to-fly. They were also marketed in the United States as kits for the US homebuilt category, although it seems that none were ever constructed or flown in the US.

Aircraft

References

External links

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft