omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
EURO Advanced Tutorials in Operational Research. The EURO Advanced Tutorials in Operational Research are a series of short books devoted to advanced topics in Operational Research that are not available in textbooks. The scope of a Tutorial is to provide more detail about advanced topics in a relevant field to researchers and practitioners. The Book Series was established in 2014 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. It is an official publication of the Association of European Operational Research Societies.
 Renata Mansini, Włodzimierz Ogryczak, M. Grazia Speranza - Linear and Mixed Integer Programming for Portfolio Optimization
 Alves, C., Clautiaux, F., de Carvalho, J.V., Rietz, J. - Dual-Feasible Functions for Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization
 Henggeler Antunes, Carlos, João Alves, Maria, Clímaco, João - Multiobjective Linear and Integer Programming
 Lancia, Giuseppe, Serafini, Paolo - Compact Extended Linear Programming Models
 Duarte, Abraham, Laguna, Manuel, Marti, Rafael - Metaheuristics for Business Analytics
 Zhao, Lima, Huchzermeier, Arnd - Supply Chain Finance
 van Wageningen-Kessels, Femke - Traffic Flow Modelling
 Doumpos, M., Lemonakis, C., Niklis, D., Zopounidis, C. - Analytical Techniques in the Assessment of Credit Risk
 Bigi, G., Castellani, M., Pappalardo, M., Passacantando, M. - Nonlinear Programming Techniques for Equilibria
 Vansteenwegen, Pieter, Gunawan, Aldy - Orienteering Problems: Models and Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits
 Fajardo, M.D., Goberna, M.A., Rodríguez, M.M.L., Vicente-Pérez, J. - Even Convexity and Optimization
 Menoncin, Francesco - Risk Management for Pension Funds
 Brandimarte, Paolo - From Shortest Paths to Reinforcement Learning
 Maniezzo, Vittorio, Boschetti, Marco Antonio, Stützle, Thomas - Matheuristics
 Anjos, Miguel F., Vieira, Manuel V.C. - Facility layout. Mathematical optimization techniques and engineering (Review )

 Celso C. Ribeiro, Sebastian Urrutia, Dominique de Werra - Combinatorial Models for Scheduling Sports Tournaments

The editors are 
M. Grazia Speranza 
Kenneth Sörensen

The past editors are
José Fernando Oliveira (2014-2023)

References

External links 
 

Operations research
Medieval (video game). Medieval is a 1998 computer wargame developed and published by Incredible Simulations.

Development
Medieval was developed at Incredible Simulations by Jeff Lapkoff, the company's owner and primary employee. He created the majority of the game by himself. It carries over interface design elements from Incredible's earlier ZuluWar! (1996).

Reception

According to William R. Trotter of PC Gamer US, Medieval won positive reviews from critics and "gained a passionate cult following." It was Incredible Simulations' most successful game at the time, which helped to establish the company financially.

References

External links
Official page (archived)

Computer wargames
Video games set in the Middle Ages
Tokyo Koku Aiba 11. The Tokyo Koku Aiba 11 was a 1940s Japanese civil transport aircraft derived from the Tokyo Koku Aiba 10 trainer. Its cabin accommodated three passengers on taxi or sight-seeing flights. Though well-regarded, developing military demands prevented its production.

Design and development

The Aiba 11 was a Japanese civil aircraft developed from the Aiba 10, sharing the same engine and similar flying surfaces but with a new fuselage. Both types had wooden structures with a mixture of plywood- and fabric-covering.

It was a single bay biplane, with fabric-covered wings of rectangular plan out to elliptical tips. The upper and lower wings were braced together with a pair of N-form interplane struts and the upper centre-section was joined to the fuselage with outward-leaning, N-form cabane struts.

Though both the Aiba 10 and Aiba 11 had uncowled Gasuden Jimpu 3 seven cylinder radial engines mounted in the nose, the fuselages aft were very different. The Aiba 11's was flat-sided, with its three seat, windowed passenger cabin between the wings. It was flown from an open cockpit behind the cabin.

Both had fixed, conventional undercarriages with wheels on split axles hinged just below the fuselage centre-line on short struts. Landing legs and forward drag struts were mounted on the lower fuselage longerons.

The Aiba 11 was completed in June 1941 and flown soon after.

Operational history 

The sole Aiba 11 was used by Tokyo Koku as an air taxi, based at Hameda Airport and used mostly for sightseeing flights. It gained a reputation as a stable, responsive aircraft with short ground runs. It was also efficient in operation. However, Japan's extension of the Second Sino-Japanese War into the Pacific War, with attacks on Pearl Harbor and Singapore late in 1941, required Tokyo Koku to produce military training aircraft, so no more Aiba 11s were built.

Specifications

References

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1940s Japanese civil aircraft
Airliners
Enzyme washing. Enzyme washing or "bio stoning" is a textile manufacturing technique in which cellulase enzymes are applied to denim. As with traditional stone washing, the intended effect is a faded appearance and softer feel. Because the technique relies on biotechnology, enzyme washing is considered an example of textile bio-processing.

Technique

Mechanism
In the enzyme wash process, cellulases act on exposed cellulose on the cotton fibers, freeing indigo dye from the fabric. The effect achieved by enzyme washing can be modified by using cellulase of either neutral or acidic pH and by introducing extra mechanical agitation by means such as steel balls.

Comparison to other techniques

Advantages
Enzyme washing is considered more sustainable than stone washing or acid washing because it is more water efficient. Residual pumice fragments from stone washing demand a lot of water to be eliminated, and acid washing involves multiple wash cycles to produce the desired effect. The substrate-specificity of enzymes also makes the technique more refined than other methods of processing denim.

Disadvantages
In enzyme washing, dye released by enzymatic activity has a tendency to redeposit on the textile ("back staining"). Wash specialists Arianna Bolzoni and Troy Strebe have criticized the quality of enzyme-washed denim compared to stone-washed denim but agree that the difference would not be detected by the average consumer.

History
In the mid-1980s, recognition of the environmental impact of stone washing and increasing environmental regulations drove demand for a sustainable alternative. Enzyme washing was introduced in Europe in 1989 and was adopted in the United States the following year. The technique has been a subject of more intense scientific study since the late 1990s. In 2017, Novozymes developed a technique to spray enzymes directly on denim in a closed washing machine system as opposed to adding the enzymes to an open washing machine, further decreasing the water needed for the enzyme wash. The recent revival in acid-washed denim in the late 2010s as well as increased demand for eco-friendly denim voiced on social media have made sustainable wash techniques such as enzyme washing even more integral to the textile industry.

See also
 Sustainable fashion

References

 Textile treatments
 Jeans
Lin Cai. Lin Cai is a Chinese-Canadian telecommunications engineer known for her work on topology control in wireless networks and in the applications of wireless communications to self-driving cars. She was educated at the University of Waterloo and is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Victoria.

Cai should be distinguished from a younger wireless networking engineer, also an alumna of the University of Waterloo named Lin Cai, who is a member of the faculty at the Illinois Institute of Technology. The younger Cai publishes as "Lin X. Cai", and has coauthored research with Lin Cai.

Education and career
Cai has a bachelor's degree from the Nanjing University of Science and Technology. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Waterloo in 2005, and in the same year joined the University of Victoria faculty.

Recognition
Cai became an E. W. R. Steacie Memorial Fellow of the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in 2019. She was named an IEEE Fellow in 2020, affiliated with the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, "for contributions to topology control of wireless networks".  She was elected to the College of New Scholars of the Royal Society of Canada in 2020.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian telecommunications engineers
Canadian women engineers
Chinese telecommunications engineers
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese women engineers
Nanjing University of Science and Technology alumni
University of Waterloo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Fellows of the IEEE
Electric Loco Shed, Ludhiana. Electric Loco Shed, Ludhiana is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at  of the Northern Railway zone in Punjab, India.

Operation
Being one of the three electric engine sheds in Northern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 175 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 198 engine units, including 55 WAG-7 and 143 WAG-9. LDH were holds WAP-4 & WAG-5 locomotives now all transferred to other sheds. Like all locomotive sheds, LDH does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives.

In 2020, the depot built a battery-operated shunter using components scavenged from decommissioned locomotives. The shunter can be powered either directly from overhead wires, or from battery power for limited time periods. It operates in place of a diesel shunter.

Locomotives

References

Ludhiana
Ludhiana district
Rail transport in Punjab, India
2001 establishments in Punjab, India
Tatopani Hydropower Station. Tatopani Hydropower Station () is a run-of-river hydroelectric plant located in Annapurna Rural Municipality, Myagdi-4, Tatopani, Myagdi District of Nepal. The flow from Tatopani River is used to generate 2.0 MW of electricity.  The plant is owned and developed by the government-owned Nepal Electricity Authority. The plant started generating electricity since 2051-12-06 BS. The generation license will expire in 2101-11-30 BS.

The power station is connected to the national grid by 33 kV transmission line.

It is the first hydropower project in Myagdi district.

Events
 In 2016, the power plant was damaged extensively by flooding.
 In April 2020, the inlet valve burst, causing flooding of the powerhouse.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Myagdi District
Sunkoshi Hydropower Station. Sunkoshi Hydropower Station (Nepali: सुनकोशी जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Sindhupalchok District of Nepal. The flow from Sunkoshi River is used to generate 10.05 MW electricity.  The plant is owned and developed by Government owned company, the Nepal Electricity Authority. The plant started generating electricity since 1972 ( 2028 BS). 

The power station is connected to the national grid.

The project was built as a gift from China to Nepal.

Events
 In 2014 Sunkoshi blockage, the intake of the project was damaged.

Gallery

See also
List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Sindhupalchowk District
Electric Loco Shed, Jhansi. Electric Loco Shed, Jhansi is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Jhansi of the North Central Railway zone in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Operation
Being one of the electric engine sheds in North Central Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 150 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 215 engine units, including 38 WAP-4, 117 WAG-5 and 65 WAG-7. Like all locomotive sheds, JHS does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives.

Locomotives

References

Rail infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh
Jhansi
Transport in Jhansi
1987 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Project Verona. Project Verona is an experimental research programming language developed by Microsoft.

The project is being supported by C# project manager Mads Torgensen and Microsoft Research Cambridge research software engineer Juliana Franco. Project Verona is also being aided by academics at Imperial College London. Unlike in Rust where the ownership model is based on a single object, it is based on groups of objects in Verona.

According to Microsoft, the goal of the project is to create a safer platform for memory management.

Project Verona is open source released under MIT License and is under active development on GitHub.

Example
while_sum(x: List[U32]) : U32
{
  var sum: U32 = 0;
  let iter = x.values();

  while { iter.has_value() }
  {
    // This has to be `a`, same as in the for loop above
    let a = iter();

    // Increments the iterator
    next iter;

    // This is the body of the for loop
    sum = sum + a
  }

  sum
}

See also

List of programming language researchers
Go (programming language)
Rust (programming language)
Cyclone (programming language)

References

External links
Project Verona - Microsoft Research

Microsoft Research
Systems programming languages
2019 software
High-level programming languages
Programming languages created in 2019
Cross-platform software
Software using the MIT license
Free and open-source software
Microsoft free software
Microsoft programming languages
5th Fleet (video game). 5th Fleet is a 1994 computer wargame developed by Stanley Associates and published by Avalon Hill.

Gameplay
5th Fleet is a computer wargame that simulates modern naval warfare in the Indian Ocean.

Development
5th Fleet was developed by Stanley Associates and published by Avalon Hill. It is an adaptation of Avalon's board wargame 5th Fleet by Victory Games. The team was led by Stanley Associates' Mike Innella, with assistance from the board version's designer, Joe Balkoski. 5th Fleet was an early piece of Avalon Hill's wider effort to rebuild its computer game branch, a project begun in late 1992. The publisher hired Jim Rose to lead the plan. Overseeing 5th Fleet, Rose noted that he asked Balkoski to "tell us where you cut corners ... for playability" in the board version, and Stanley Associates would include "everything he [had] wanted to put in".

Reception

5th Fleet sold fewer than 50,000 units globally. This was part of a trend for Avalon Hill games during the period; Terry Coleman of Computer Gaming World wrote in late 1998 that "no AH game in the past five years" had reached the mark.

In PC Gamer US, William R. Trotter called 5th Fleet "an elegant conversion of a board-gaming classic; a must-have for fans of naval war who relish action above all other elements." Tim Carter of Computer Gaming World was similarly positive, dubbing it "great fun".

Legacy
Stanley Associates went on to adapt the Avalon Hill board wargame Wooden Ships and Iron Men into a computer format, resulting in the game Wooden Ships and Iron Men (1996).

References

External links

1994 video games
DOS games
Avalon Hill video games
Computer wargames
Naval video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Turn-based strategy video games
Video games based on board games
Video games developed in the United States
Stanley Associates games
Ellen Sletten. Ellen Sletten is an American chemist who is the John McTague Career Development Chair at University of California, Los Angeles. Her research considers the use of physical organic chemistry for diagnostics and medical therapies.

Early life and education 
Sletten was born in New Hampshire. She earned her bachelor's degree in chemistry at Stonehill College, a liberal arts school in Easton, Massachusetts. Her undergraduate dissertation considered the stereospecific synthesis of pyrrolizidines that could be used as glycosidase inhibitors. She moved to the West Coast of the United States for her graduate studies, joining the laboratory of Carolyn R. Bertozzi at the University of California, Berkeley to work on bioorthogonal chemistry. In particular, Sletten made use of bioorthogonal chemistry for the labelling of living systems, and the synthesis of cyclooctyne reagents in copper-free click chemistry After graduating, Sletten joined the laboratory of Timothy M. Swager at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At MIT, Sletten worked on fluorescence-based sensors and novel approaches to complex emulsions.

Research and career 
In 2015 Sletten was appointed to the faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Her research considers the use of physical organic chemistry for diagnostics and medical therapies. In 2017 she realised non-toxic fluorescent compounds that emit in the short-wave infrared region (1000 – 2000 nm), making them appropriate for rapid, in vivo optical diagnostics. At the time, short-wave infrared imaging was widely used in astronomy, but Sletten led its expansion into clinical applications. Short-wave infrared light doesn't scatter much in human tissue, and results in low tissue fluorescence compared to the near-infrared light. By combining the short-wave infrared (flavylium heterocycle-based) fluorophore with lasers and an appropriate camera, Sletten showed it was possible to capture multi-colour images of the veins and arteries of moving mice. As the imaging system could provide real-time feedback, it could be used for image-guided surgery.  She has explored the use of nanomaterials containing fluorine for personalised medicine.

Selected publications

Awards and honours 

 2009 American Chemical Society Division of Organic Chemistry Graduate Fellowship
 2018 Thieme Chemistry Journal Award
 2018 Alpha Chi Sigma Glenn T. Seaborg Award
 2018 Sloan Research Fellowship
 2018 NIH Director's New Innovator Award
 2019 American Chemical Society Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering Young Investigator Award
 2020 International Chemical Biology Society Young Chemical Biologist Award

References 

American chemists
Stonehill College alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women chemists
Living people
21st-century American women
Chemists from New Hampshire
NIH Director's New Innovator Award recipients
Ponderosa Way. The Civilian Conservation Corps built an 800 mile long firebreak called Ponderosa Way during the Great Depression.   This firebreak runs through part of Oregon and California.  The Civilian Conservation Corps was created in 1933 to put unemployed men to work.

Much of Ponderosa Way has fallen into disrepair.  However, the Federal Highway Administration plans to replace a bridge where Ponderosa Way crosses over the North Fork American River at coordinates .  The new bridge will help to reduce erosion by fast moving water around its supports—a problem called bridge scour.

The project is scheduled for completion by the end of 2022.

References

Wildfire prevention
Wildfire suppression
Forestry and the environment
Land management
 
Civilian Conservation Corps in Oregon
Norwegian Union of Electricians and Power Station Officials. The Norwegian Union of Electricians and Power Station Officials (, NEKF) was a trade union representing workers in jobs relating to electricity, in Norway.

The union was founded on 18 July 1918 as the Norwegian Electricians' Union, and became the NEKF in 1922.  It affiliated to the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, and by 1924, it had 1,466 members.  This grew to 12,152 members in 1963.  On 1 January 1999, it merged with the Norwegian Telecommunication and Data Workers' Union, to form the Electrician and IT Workers' Union.

Presidents
1918: Oskar Marius Haugen
1938: Andreas Torp
1958: Erling Johansen
1970s: Gunnar Grimnes
1990s: Anders Kristoffersen

References

Electricians' trade unions
Trade unions established in 1918
Trade unions disestablished in 1999
Defunct trade unions of Norway
Aimy Bazylak. Aimy Ming Jii Bazylak (née Hom, born in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Toronto, where she holds a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Thermofluidics for Clean Energy. Her research involves microfluidics, nanofluidics, and their applications in fuel cell design and in carbon sequestration.

Education and career
Bazylak graduated from the University of Saskatchewan in 2003, with great distinction in engineering physics, also winning the university's Dr. E.L. Harrington Prize. She completed her doctorate in 2008 at the University of Victoria with the dissertation Liquid Water Transport in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers, supported in part by the inaugural Bullitt Environmental Fellowship, and while there also taking part as a driver in the Shell Eco-marathon.

She became an assistant professor at the University of Toronto in 2008. At Toronto, she is a former director of the Institute for Sustainable Energy.

Recognition
Bazylak was named as a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 2019, and is also a Fellow of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering. She was elected to the College of New Scholars of the Royal Society of Canada in 2020.

She was named an Alexander Von Humboldt Fellow in 2015, and in 2020 was named a Helmholtz International Fellow by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, funding her research collaborations with Roswitha Zeis at the Helmholtz Institute Ulm.

The University of Toronto gave Bazylak their annual McLean Award, a $125,000 award for outstanding early career researchers, in 2020.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian mechanical engineers
Canadian women engineers
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
University of Saskatchewan alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
University of Victoria alumni
Andhi Khola Hydropower Station. Andhi Khola Hydropower Station () is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in  Syangja District of Nepal. The flow from Andhi River, a tributary of Kali Gandaki River, is used to generate 9.4 MW electricity and annual energy of 68.38 GWh.  The plant is owned and developed by Butwal Power Company Limited, an IPP of Nepal in technical help from UMN. The plant started generating electricity since 2052-01-08 BS. The generation licence will expire in 2101-12-30 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to 132 kV national grid through the substation at Rang Khola and sells electricity to Nepal Electricity Authority.

In 1991, when the plant was first installed, its capacity was 5.1 MW. It was upgraded to 9.4 MW in 2015. The tailwater used to irrigate 309 hectares of land in Tulsi Bhanjyang area of Syangja District and Asardi area of Palpa District. After the upgrade, the command area has increased to 599 hectare.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Syangja District