omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Transit 3B. Transit 3B was an American satellite which was launched in 1961 and operated by the United States Navy. It was a replacement for Transit 3A, which was lost in a launch failure the previous year. It carried instruments to demonstrate navigation and timing systems, and study geodesy to support the development of the Transit satellite navigation system.

The launch of Transit 3B was conducted at 03:45 UTC on 22 February 1961, using a Thor DM-21 Ablestar rocket flying from Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The LOFTI-1 satellite was launched aboard the same rocket. The rocket and upper stage used had the serial numbers Thor 313 and Ablestar 007 respectively. The launch resulted in a partial failure, with the spacecraft being placed in a more eccentric orbit than planned, and failing to separate from the upper stage.

Transit 3B was a  spacecraft, which was powered by 6,600 solar cells charging a nickel-cadmium battery. It ended up in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , and 28.3 degrees of inclination. It had an orbital period of 96.4 minutes. Due to the low perigee of its orbit, Transit 3B decayed quickly, and reentered the atmosphere on 30 March 1961, less than 37 days after launch. Despite being in the wrong orbit and operating for less time than had been planned, some useful data was returned from the mission.

The systems demonstrated by Transit 3B included a digital clock to control timing signals, uploading programs into the onboard computer's memory whilst in orbit, data retention and FM encoding, and the use of phase modulation for data transmission without affecting the satellite's Doppler signal. The satellite's computer had a memory capacity of 48 bytes.

References

Spacecraft launched in 1961
Satellite launch anomalies
Spacecraft which reentered in 1961
Navigation satellites
Zmaj R-1. The Zmaj R-1 () was a twin-engined prototype bomber produced by Zmaj aircraft of the former Yugoslavia, designed in the 1930s. The aircraft remained a prototype due to a number of difficulties in testing.

Design and development

During 1936 at the Zmaj factory, Dušan Stankov, then technical manager, initiated the design and construction of a reconnaissance-bomber. After tests in the wind tunnel at Warsaw and acceptance by the Yugoslavian Air Force, the project was designated Zmaj R-1. The team of designers joining Eng. Djordje Ducić and a few young engineers who worked on the design completed the prototype before the beginning of a large aerospace workers strike in April 1940, with final assembly at the military part of the airport in Zemun.

The first flight was on 24 April 1940, piloted by reserve Lieutenant Đura E. Đaković, a transport pilot with Aeroput. The initial testing justified all expectations in terms of aerodynamic characteristics and performance, unfortunately on the third flight the pilot was unable to lower the landing gear and had to land with the undercarriage extended, damaging the propellers and engines. Replacement parts for the propeller and landing gear were imported from Germany and France delaying repairs considerably. The aircraft was rebuilt so that testing could be resumed at the end of March 1941, but in early April the bombing of Zemun airport damaged the prototype Zmaj R-1 again. In late June 1941 the Germans scrapped the aircraft.

This twin-engine mid-winged aircraft, powered by two  Hispano-Suiza 14AB, was of mixed construction and well-armed, with two  Oerlikon cannon, and four  machine guns, with  of  bombs in a fuselage bomb-bay. The reconnaissance variant carried cameras, extra fuel tanks and three crew members in lieu of guns and bombs.

Operational history
Due to the cessation of flight testing the plans for the Yugoslav Royal Air Force reconnaissance and bomber units to be solely equipped with the Zmaj R-1 came to naught.

Operators

Royal Yugoslav Air Force 1 aircraft

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 Војна енциклопедија, Београд, 1975., страна 348.
 О. Петровић., Војни аероплани Краљевине СХС/Југославије (Део II: 1931–1941.), Лет (Flight)No.3/2004. Београд, 2004.

External links
 http://vazduhoplovnetradicijesrbije.rs/index.php/istorija/246-zmaj-r-1 
 www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/yugo/af2/types/ikarus.htm
 www.dragan.freeservers.com
 http://www.letletlet-warplanes.com/2008/06/02/zmaj-r-1/ 
 http://www.airwar.ru/enc/bww2/r1.html 

Zmaj aircraft
1940s Yugoslav bomber aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Gallaudet DB-1. The Gallaudet DB-1 was a United States day bomber prototype designed during World War I. Two prototypes of the aircraft were constructed, however testing revealed flight control issues and serious structural problems with the wings. The aircraft was known to be extremely heavy, becoming more than a ton over the weight it was designed to have. The aircraft never flew. The National Museum of the US Air Force states that "the DB-1, although unsuccessful, was quite advanced for its time." The aircraft was succeeded by the Gallaudet DB-1B, which was lighter, but the flight characteristics were  still poor.

References

1910s United States bomber aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
DB-1
Unflown aircraft
Gallaudet DB-1B. The Gallaudet DB-1B was a United States daytime bomber designed during World War I. It was the successor to the Gallaudet DB-1, a very heavy aircraft with flight control issues and serious structural problems with the wings, which never got past the ground test phase. The DB-1B was lighter than the DB-1, having redesigned, stronger wings. The DB-1B, unlike its predecessor, did manage to complete several test flights. However, the project was scrapped when flight performance was poor.

References

1910s United States bomber aircraft
DB-1B
Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology. Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology (SDBCT or S.D. Bansal) is a private engineering and management institute in Indore, India mainly offering graduate and post-graduate courses in engineering and management programmes. the college is approved by AICTE and affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal and DAVV, Indore. It is an institute of the Bansal Group. It was established in 2005. The site chosen for the institute was Umariya,  (15 km) from the city of Indore, with an area of .

Departments
Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology has six departments: 
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Electronics and Communications
 Information Technology
 Mechanical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Master of Business Administration

External links

Jain universities and colleges
Science and technology in Indore
Universities and colleges in Indore
Engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh
Francis Jones (physicist). Francis Edgar Jones (16 January 1914 – 10 April 1988) was a British physicist who co-developed the Oboe blind bombing system.

Education
Jones was born in Wolverhampton, the son of a teacher. In 1921 the family moved to Dagenham, Essex, where he attended the Royal Liberty School at Romford. He then attended King's College London.

Research
During World War II Jones worked in the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) and collaborated with Alec Harley Reeves to develop the Oboe blind bombing system. After the war he directed investigations in the Basic Research Division of TRE on the detection and properties of infra-red and millimetre-wave radiation. He also made very accurate measurements of propagation velocity of electro-magnetic radiation at radio frequencies and studied applications of radar in meteorology. He became Deputy Head of the Division (later renamed the Physics Department, Royal Radar Establishment)

In 1953, as Chief Scientific Officer and Deputy Director, Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough), he initiated joint rocket programme with Royal Society for exploration of upper atmosphere and, together with Desmond King-Hele, studied the orbits of artificial satellites. In 1957 he was co-author with R.A. Smith and R.P. Chasmar of The Detection and Measurement of Infra-Red Radiation.

Awards and honours
Jones was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1969. He was awarded an MBE in 1945.

References

External links
 Imperial War Museum Interview

1914 births
1988 deaths
People educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Order of the British Empire
English physicists
People from Wolverhampton
Naoki Sakai (industrial designer). is a Japanese industrial designer who known as the designer of Nissan's pike car series with its retro-future design. Currently, he is a professor of Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC), a guest design director for au, and the manager of his own company, waterdesign. He has collaborated with companies such as Nissan, Suzuki, Toyota (WiLL), Olympus, KDDI, and Cassina.

The S Cargo was not designed by Sakai. Sakai led the Pike designs and created a proposal for the Nissan Figaro, but the design selected for final production (first shown at the 1989 Tokyo Motor Show) was designed by Nissan's in-house design team, led by Jim Shimizu (Shimizu Jun).

Major works
 Nissan Motors

 Be-1 (1987)
 Pao (1989)
 Rasheen (1994)
 Suzuki SW-1 (1992)
 Olympus

 o-product (1988)
 Ecru (1991)
 au design project
 HEXAGON (2005)
 MACHINA (2005)
 DRAPE (2006)
 Toray
 torayvino aqua meister (2007)

References

External links
  
 waterdesign  
 Profile – from the Keio University SFC website 
 Profile – from au design project 
 Olympus O-Product

1947 births
Living people
Japanese industrial designers
Japanese automobile designers
Japanese motorcycle designers

Kyoto City University of Arts alumni
People from Kyoto
Academic staff of Keio University
Endothermic gas. Endothermic gas is a gas that inhibits or reverses oxidation on the surfaces it is in contact with. This gas is the product of incomplete combustion in a controlled environment. An example mixture is hydrogen gas (H2), nitrogen gas (N2), and carbon monoxide (CO). The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reducing agents, so they work together to shield surfaces from oxidation.

Endothermic gas is often used as a carrier gas for gas carburizing and carbonitriding. An endothermic gas generator could be used to supply heat to form an endothermic reaction.

Synthesised in the catalytic retort(s) of endothermic generators, the gas in the endothermic atmosphere is combined with an additive gas including natural gas, propane (C3H8) or air and is then used to improve the surface chemistry work positioned in the furnace.

Purposes 
There are two common purposes of the atmospheres in the heat treating industry: 
 Protect the processed material from surface reactions (chemically inert)
 Allow surface of processed material to change (chemically reactive)

Principal components of a endothermic gas generator 
Principal components of endothermic gas generators:
 Heating chamber for supplying heat by electric heating elements of combustion,
 Vertical cylindrical retorts, 
 Tiny, porous ceramic pieces that are saturated with nickel, which acts as a catalyst for the reaction, 
 Cooling heat exchanger in order to cool the products of the reaction as quickly as possible so that it reaches a particular temperature which stops any further reaction,
 Control system which will help maintain the consistency of the temperature of the reaction which will help adjust the gas ratio, providing the wanted dew point.

Chemical composition 
Chemistry of endothermic gas generators:
 N2 (nitrogen) → 45.1% (volume)
 CO (carbon monoxide) → 19.6% (volume)
 CO2 (carbon dioxide) → 0.4% (volume)
 H2 (hydrogen) → 34.6% (volume)
 CH4 (methane) → 0.3% (volume)
 Dew point → +20/+50
 Gas ratio → 2.6:1

Applications 
Applications of endothermic gas generators: 
 Annealing: iron and steel 
 Brazing: copper and silver
 Carbon restoration: carburizing, carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing
 Neutral hardening: low, medium and high alloy carbon steels
 Normalizing: iron and steel
 Sintering: powder metals
 Austempering: ductile iron

It is relatively simple to operate and maintain endothermic gas generators, however, maintenance such as the burnout process is often overlooked.

See also 
 Forming gas

References 

Gases
Industrial gases
Lew Johnstone. Lewis Albert Johnstone (5 April 1916 – 11 May 1983) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing Cobar from 1965 to 1968 and Broken Hill from 1968 to 1981.

Johnstone was born in Broken Hill to Charles Albert Johnstone, an underground mine manager, and Jessie Charlott Thueff. He was educated at public schools in the area and studied mine draughting and engineering. In 1936, the year he joined the Labor Party, he was employed with the North Broken Hill Mining Company, and became a member of the Broken Hill Miners' Union. He married Doris Jenkins on 26 June 1937, with whom he had two daughters. In 1941 he enlisted in the AIF, serving in Tobruk, Syria and El Alamein. He was discharged in January 1945. He continued to be active in the mining unions, serving as senior assistant secretary (1951–1953) and then secretary (1954–1965) of the Broken Hill union.

In 1965, when Ernest Wetherell, the Labor member for the state seat of Cobar, retired, Johnstone was selected as his replacement and won the seat. Cobar was abolished in 1968 and Johnstone successfully transferred to Broken Hill. He was elected unopposed in 1971, 1973 and 1976, and with a large margin in 1978. He retired from politics in 1981. He died in 1983 at Broken Hill.

References

 

1916 births
1983 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Australian trade unionists
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Bong Town. Bong Town (also known as Bong Mine Community or just Bong) is a populated place in the Bong County of Liberia.

From its establishment in 1958 through the late 1980s, the Bong Mining Company (BMC), a German-Italian-owned concession in Liberia built a substantial mining complex to surface mine the iron ore of the mountain range just on the north side of the Margibi/Bong county borderline. Notably, the company constructed and maintained one of Liberia's main rail lines to the remote site to ship the iron ore from the mountains. Since 2009, the China Union Investment Company concession has begun to rebuild the complex and also has begun construction of a new paved road southward to Kakata. As of June 2012, the road had about 1/5 of its total distance covered with pavement with one small bridge under active construction just outside Kakata. As of April 2024, they have abandoned the project.

Education
The town has one government secondary school. Many German children went to the formerly German school, especially in the sixties, seventies and eighties. There was also a smaller British School for the children of English speaking employees.

Geography
Bong Town is connected by a partially paved road to Kakata and a rail line to the Freeport of Monrovia.  The town is directly situated on a small iron ore-rich mountain range.
Handi town is a small populated area north of Bong Town near the river.

Notable people
2C (1987), United States-based singer and songwriter

External links
The Bong Mine Railway, Liberia
Iron Ore Mines in Liberia

References

Populated places in Liberia
Bong County
Olympia Tech Park. Olympia Tech Park is the largest and one of the oldest Information Technology office locations in Chennai, India. Various companies have acquired office space in this business park, including Fortune 100 companies. It is located in the Inner Ring Road, Chennai just near the TANSIDCO Industry and the Kathipara Junction. With about 1.8 million sq. ft. area, it is also the first large green building in the city.

The buildings
The technology park consists of three towers (phases), namely, Citius, Altius and Fortius. The park was completed in 2006, comprising a total area of 8 lakh square feet. Unlike the other major technology giants who have established themselves in the IT Corridor and Velachery, Olympia has gone all the way by creating a name in the Inner Ring Road where fewer IT Parks are present. It is located about 5 km from the Airport and 1.2  km from the Guindy Bus Station.

Occupants

References

External links

 Olympia, Home 
 Olympia Tech Park 

Software technology parks in Chennai
Limes Railway. The Limes Railway () is a continuously electrified and single-track railway that runs on the southern edge of the Taunus in the German state of Hesse, connecting the towns of Niederhöchstadt and Bad Soden am Taunus. It is named after , a housing development.

The line is only 5.2 kilometres long and is served by S-Bahn line S3, connecting Bad Soden station—which is a terminus also used by the Soden Railway—via Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof to Frankfurt South station.

Past and Present
Beginning in 1964 a large greenfield housing development was built on the outskirts of Schwalbach am Taunus called  (named after the Roman fortifications of the Limes Germanicus, which laid approximately 10 kilometres north of this site).  It was considered that this development needed the kind of public transport access that could only be provided by rail. This idea was adopted by Georg Leber, the Federal Minister for Transport from 1966 to 1972 and the local member of the Bundestag. This led to the building of an electrified branch line to serve the area.

On 22 December 1970, a shuttle service opened between Niederhöchstadt station on the Kronberg Railway and the new Schwalbach Limes station. On 6 November 1972, the gap was closed to Bad Soden (Taunus) station, which until then was only connected by the Soden Railway to Frankfurt-Höchst.

On 28 May 1978 the line began to be used by S-Bahn line S3, initially to Hauptwache.

Schwalbach North

Since 31 October 2008, S3 services have served Schwalbach Nord station. This is located between the Schwalbach Limes and Niederhöchstadt stations and serves the industrial park Nord (Am Kronberger Hang) in Schwalbach am Taunus. The station consists of a 210-metre-long  platform and is barrier-free.

The estimated construction cost of the new station was €1.5 million  and planning costs amounted to €300,000.

External links

References

Railway lines in Hesse
Taunus
railway lines opened in 1970
1970 establishments in West Germany
Rhine-Main S-Bahn
TJ Innova Engineering & Technology. TJ Innova Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd. (), abbreviated as TJI, is a private design company for the automotive industry. They are specialized in creating vehicle concepts and in the building of design studies and concept cars. The company was founded in 1999 by Professor Leiled Tji and Tong Jian. The company is located in Shanghai.

History
Leiled Tji began his career in the automotive industry in 1989 with a cooperation with the First Automotive Works and in liaisons with the Changchun Auto Research Institute and the Harbin Industry University. Two years later he has founded the Auto Technology Institute as a part of the FAW Group. For his first time he had devoted himself to create design studies. In 1999 he founded TJI which was his first independent company. TJI worked for a lot of Chinese and Japanese companies.

TJI was the first Chinese company in using modern digital tools like 3D CAD. Currently the company employs more than 1,400 workers and receives orders from many renowned Chinese and Japanese companies. Famous series models from this design company are the Lifan 520, the Soueast/Mitsubishi Zinger and the Soueast Lioncel.  The most famous concept car from TJI is the TJ Innova Lightning supersportscar which was shown in its first generation on the 2005 Shanghai Auto Show. The first generation is very similar to the one year later introduced Ferrari 599 GTB. In the second generation which was presented in 2009 the model showed similarities to the Maserati GranTurismo and the Aston Martin DB9. TJ Innova is a registered brand name and trademark. TJI already has received a lot of several awards like the New Most Growth Enterprise, the Award for Innovation Elite of Yangtze Delta Area, Award for Science & Technology Progress and the Award for Special Contribution for Independent Design.

References

External links

Design companies of China
Automotive companies of China
Chinese companies established in 1999
Manufacturing companies based in Shanghai
Chinese brands
Design companies established in 1999
XFOIL. XFOIL is an interactive program for the design and analysis of subsonic isolated airfoils. Given the coordinates specifying the shape of a 2D airfoil, Reynolds and Mach numbers, XFOIL can calculate the pressure distribution on the airfoil and hence lift and drag characteristics. The program also allows inverse design - it will vary an airfoil shape to achieve the desired parameters. It is released under the GNU GPL.

History

XFOIL was first developed by Mark Drela at MIT as a design tool for the MIT Daedalus project in the 1980s. It was further developed in collaboration with Harold Youngren. The current version is 6.99, released in December 2013.  Despite its vintage, it is still widely used.

XFOIL is written in FORTRAN.

Similar software 
 Xfoil for matlab is a port of the original XFOIL code to MATLAB.
 mfoil is a MATLAB script that uses almost the same physical models as XFOIL, but it is not based on XFOIL. It is also available as a Python script.
 JavaFoil is an independent airfoil analysis software written in Java.
 XFLR5 is an analysis tool for airfoils, wings and planes operating at low Reynolds Numbers, that has implemented XFOIL's Direct and Inverse analysis capabilities.
 QBlade implements XFOIL via XFLR5 for use in wind turbine design.
 OpenVSP is a parametric aircraft geometry and aerodynamic analysis tool supported by NASA.

References

External links
 The XFOIL home page
 XFLR5
 xflrpy (XFLR5 fork with a Python binding)

Free computer-aided design software
Free software programmed in Fortran
Computer-aided engineering software for Linux
Colt (libraries). Colt is a set of open-source Libraries for High Performance Scientific and Technical Computing written in Java and developed at CERN. Colt was developed with a focus on High Energy Physics, but is applicable to many other problems.  Colt was last updated in 2004 (when Java 1.4 was the current release) and its code base has been incorporated into the Parallel Colt code base, which has received more recent development.

Colt provides an infrastructure for scalable scientific and technical computing in Java. It is particularly useful in the domain of High Energy Physics at CERN. It contains, among others, efficient and usable data structures and algorithms for Off-line and On-line Data Analysis, Linear Algebra, Multi-dimensional arrays, Statistics, Histogramming, Monte Carlo Simulation, Parallel & Concurrent Programming. It summons some of the best concepts, designs and implementations thought up over time by the community, ports or improves them and introduces new approaches where need arises.

Capabilities 

The following is an overview of Colt's capabilities, as listed on the project's website:

Usage Example 

Example of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD):
SingularValueDecomposition s = new SingularValueDecomposition(matA);
DoubleMatrix2D U = s.getU();
DoubleMatrix2D S = s.getS();
DoubleMatrix2D V = s.getV();

Example of matrix multiplication:
Algebra alg = new Algebra();
DoubleMatrix2D result = alg.mult(matA,matB);

References

Java (programming language) libraries
CERN software