omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Torch (company). Torch is an American company based in San Francisco, California that develops technology for early detection of outdoor fires. Founded in 2020 by Michael Buckwald, Vasya Tremsin and Anton Tremsin, Torch uses infrared sensors, visible cameras and gas sensors to detect fires.

History 
The sensor was developed in 2017, and won the Intel ISEF Best of Category Award in Earth and Environmental Sciences at the 2018 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. In 2020, Tremsin teamed up with Michael Buckwald.

In March 2023, a national online survey conducted by Propeller Insights on behalf of Torch Sensors concluded that the majority of respondents believe that wildfires can negatively impact the economy and that the problem will continue to increase as the world battles climate change.

Technology 
Gas sensors measure the smoke content and air quality. Visible cameras are used to separate flames from the environment surrounding them. When a sensor device detects signs of fire it sends notifications through a mobile app. Sensors detect fire on 10 acres (40,468 square meters).

References

External links 

Companies based in San Francisco
Technology companies based in California
American companies established in 2020
2020 establishments in California
Technology companies established in 2020
Jarosław Duda (computer scientist). Jarosław Duda (Polish pronunciation: ), also known as Jarek Duda, is a Polish computer scientist and an assistant professor at the Institute of Computer Science and Computational Mathematics of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. He is known as the inventor of asymmetric numeral systems (ANS), a family of entropy encoding methods widely used in data compression.

Life and career
He was born in Dębica, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. In 1999, he graduated from King Władysław Jagiełło High School No. 1 in Dębica. In 2004, he obtained an MSc degree in computer science, in 2005 in pure mathematics, in 2006 in physics, all from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 2010, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy degree in theoretical computer science, then in 2012 doctorate in theoretical physics from the same university. In 2013, he received a one-year postdoctoral fellowship at the NSF Center for Science of Information of the Purdue University at the invitation from Wojciech Szpankowski. In 2015, he was appointed an assistant professor at the Institute of Computer Science and Computational Mathematics of the Jagiellonian University.

Invention of ANS

Between 2006 and 2014 he developed a family of entropy coding methods called asymmetric numeral systems, mainly used in data compression, which has become widely used in electronic devices due to improved performance compared to previous methods. ANS combines the compression ratio of arithmetic coding (which uses a nearly accurate probability distribution), with a processing cost similar to that of Huffman coding. In the tabled ANS (tANS) variant, this is achieved by constructing a finite-state machine to operate on a large alphabet without using multiplication. ANS is used in many products of leading technology companies such as Apple, Facebook, Google, and Linux, for example to encode information in  Facebook Zstandard, Apple LZFSE, CRAM or JPEG XL popular data compressors.

Duda's intention has been to keep ANS patent-free and available for public use. In 2018, his lobbying helped convince Google to abandon its ANS-related patent claim in the US and Europe. However, in 2022, Microsoft received a US patent covering modifications to a data-encoding technique called rANS, one of several variants in the Asymmetric Numeral System, introduced by Duda in 2013. In an interview with The Register, Duda raised his concerns about the potential diminished utility of ANS as software developers might try to avoid a potential infringement claim.

Awards
In 2021, he became the recipient of the annual City of Kraków Award for his exceptional achievements in computer science.

See also
List of Polish computer scientists
Timeline of Polish science and technology
List of Polish inventors and discoverers

References

Living people
Polish computer scientists
Polish inventors
People from Dębica
Jagiellonian University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mark Williams (engineer). Mark Richard Williams (born 7 April 1959) is a British engineer. He was known as the engineer for race cars development at McLaren from 1996 until 2015.

Career
Williams attended Imperial College London, where he studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 1980 with a master's degree. His first job in Formula One was as a composite engineer for the Ensign Racing.

In 1982, he became a design engineer for engine components at the engineering technology firm Ricardo Consulting.  In his spare time, he worked on freelancing race car design and engineering at Delta Cars, based near Hove.

In 1983, he landed his first full-time job as a race car designer at Lola Cars, working on projects ranging from Formula Ford to IndyCar. He also served as the chief operating officer for the Formula 3000 program from 1985. In 1987, he was responsible as a race engineer for Luis Perez-Sala in the Lola Motorsport F3000 car. Later, in 1994, he worked as a race technician for Forsythe Green Racing in Championship Auto Racing Teams.

In January 1996, he worked with Gordon Murray on the BMW Super Touring Car program, which was run by McLaren Automotive. He eventually became the Head of Vehicle Engineering. At the end of 1997, he moved to the McLaren F1 Team and was in charge of the technical team for many years. In 2001, he was appointed as Chief Engineer of Vehicle Development, overseeing research and development. A highlight of his track role was the car driven by Mika Hakkinen, who served until his last F1 win at Indianapolis in 2001.

In 2002, he worked as Chief Engineer under the technical guidance of Adrian Newey. In 2007, he became the Head of Vehicle Performance. Since 2011, he has successfully combined his F1 responsibilities to establish McLaren's growing GT3 sports car program.

He retired from his F1 job in January 2015 and ran a consulting firm called MW Consulting, until dissolved in 2021.

References

1959 births
Living people
McLaren people
Formula One engineers
British automotive engineers
Alumni of Imperial College London
Virgin Galactic Unity 25. Virgin Galactic Unity 25 was a sub-orbital spaceflight by Virgin Galactic that took place on 25 May 2023. The flight used their SpaceShipTwo spaceplane VSS Unity. The crew consisted of six Virgin Galactic employees. Unity 25 was the first spaceflight for the company since Unity 22 in 2021, when founder Richard Branson flew to space.

Background
Unity 25 was the first spaceflight for Virgin Galactic since Richard Branson flew to space in July 2021. The company had planned to fly a research flight for the Italian Air Force, Unity 23, later that year, but the fleet was temporarily grounded following an error during Branson's flight, along with upgrades and modifications being made to the vehicles. Virgin Galactic plans to fly its first commercial flight in late June 2023, following Unity 25's success.

Crew
The crew of Unity 25 included two pilots and four passengers, all being employees at Virgin Galactic. Both pilots have flown SpaceShipTwo to space previously, and CJ Sturckow has flown to space on the Space Shuttle. Of the four passengers, only Beth Moses had flown to space before.

Flight
The mission was Virgin Galactic's fifth spaceflight. VMS Eve, a WhiteKnightTwo mothership, took off from Spaceport America in New Mexico, and carried VSS Unity in a parasite configuration before releasing it. From there, the spaceplane ignited its rocket engine and flew to over  in altitude, above the U.S. definition for the start of space, but below the FAI-defined Kármán line at . It then reentered the atmosphere and landed on the same runway it took off from.

References

2023 in spaceflight
2023 in New Mexico
May 2023 in the United States
SpaceShipTwo
Suborbital human spaceflights
Private space missions
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Henri Durand. Henri Durand (born 21 August 1960) is a French race car engineer who worked for several Formula One teams from 1985 to 2004.

Career
Durand was an alumnus from the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace in Toulouse, France. He started his career at the Ligier team in  as an aerodynamic technician.

In , he joined Ferrari and worked as an assistant to John Barnard. His first design was the Ferrari 639, which used a semi-automatic gearbox and active suspension. This car was later developed into the Ferrari 640, which was used in the  season.

In June 1990, he moved to the McLaren team, working as head of aerodynamics development alongside Neil Oatley. Here, Durand oversees two engineering teams at once, namely the design team and the research and development team. He became one of the team's key figures in winning the constructors' title in the  and  seasons. He also supervised the construction of McLaren's new wind tunnel in Woking. Durand stayed with the team until  when he decided to return to his native country to join Prost Grand Prix as technical director.

After Prost went bankrupt at the end of , Durand joined Jordan in  as the director of development. He left the team in 2004 to join the IRL team Red Bull Cheever Racing and later was appointed as head of Mecachrome USA.

In 2007, he joined Panther Racing, this time as technical director. He also worked as a consultant for Epsilon Euskadi.

In 2010, he joined Toyota Racing Development as a senior engineering manager.

References

1960 births
Living people
Ferrari people
McLaren people
Xuancheng–Jixi high-speed railway. The Xuancheng–Jixi high-speed railway () is a high-speed railway line in Xuancheng, Anhui, China. The line is  has a maximum speed of . The railway opened on 11 October 2024.

Stations
The northern terminus of the line is Xuancheng railway station in Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng and the southern terminus is Jixi North railway station in Jixi County, Xuancheng. The line will have one intermediate stop, Ningguo South railway station.

References 

High-speed railway lines in China
Rail transport in Anhui
High-speed railway lines under construction
Transport infrastructure under construction in China
Sara Sabry. Sara Sabry (born May 23, 1993) is an Egyptian–Lebanese engineer, citizen astronaut, entrepreneur and the founder and CEO of the non-profit organization Deep Space Initiative. She is best known for becoming the first Egyptian person and the first Arab woman and African woman to travel into space.

Sabry is an international keynote speaker and can be found sharing her experience in entrepreneurship, space travel, technology, and overcoming personal obstacles.

Education and career
Sabry graduated from Lycee Francais du Caire. She earned her bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the American University in Cairo in 2016, minoring in biology, chemistry and pre-med. She then went on to obtain a master's degree in biomedical engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan in 2020 where her research focused on the use of AI in Robot-assisted surgery.

Sabry is currently working toward a doctoral degree in Aerospace Sciences from the University of North Dakota in the United States, while conducting research on Spacesuit Engineering at their NASA-funded Human spaceflight Lab.

Pre-flight research
In 2021, Sabry participated in an Analog Moon mission simulation in LunAres Research Station as the crew Medical Officer, making her the first Female Egyptian Analog Astronaut.

Sabry founded Deep Space Initiative, a non-profit organization aimed at expanding accessibility to space. The organization offers various programs and initiatives to encourage individuals, especially those from underrepresented groups, to enter the space field with hands-on experience. Their Education Department offers course certifications related to Astronaut Health & Performance, Space Architecture, and Space Transportation Systems.

Spaceflight
In 2022 Sabry was selected from seven thousand international applicants to participate in the Space for Humanity Citizen Astronaut Program, becoming the first Egyptian, Arab woman, and African woman to go into space. On August 4, 2022 she flew on Blue Origin NS-22 flight, a suborbital flight that reached an altitude of 107 km (66 miles) above sea level.

Awards
Sabry has received the IAF Emerging Space Leader Award.

References 

1993 births
Living people
Egyptian engineers
Arab women
Women astronauts
21st-century Egyptian women engineers
21st-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century women engineers
21st-century scientists
Rose Hu. Rose Qingyang Hu () is an electrical engineer who is currently a professor of electrical and computer engineering and associate dean for research at Utah State University. Her research involves wireless networks and their applications in edge computing and the internet of things.

Education and career
Hu studied electrical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of China, graduating in 1992. After a 1995 master's degree from the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (now the New York University Tandon School of Engineering), she completed a Ph.D. in 1998 at the University of Kansas. Her dissertation, Development and analysis of ABR congestion control techniques for wide area ATM networks, was supervised by David Petr.

After working for Nortel and Yotta Networks, she became an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Mississippi State University in 2002, but returned to industry in 2004, working for Nortel again from 2004 to 2009, for Research In Motion from 2009 to 2010, and for Intel in 2010.

She took her present position at Utah State University, as an untenured associate professor, in 2011, and was granted tenure in 2014. She was promoted to full professor in 2017 and named associate dean for research in 2018.

Books
Hu is the coauthor of books including:
Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (with Yi Qian, Wiley, 2013)
Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks in LTE Systems (with Yi Qian, Springer, 2014)
Smart Grid Communication Infrastructures: Big Data, Cloud Computing, And Security (with Feng Ye and Yi Qian, Wiley, 2018)
Cybersecurity in Intelligent Networking Systems (with Shengjie Xu and Yi Qian, Wiley, 2022)

Recognition
Hu was a distinguished lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society from 2015 to 2018, and of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society from 2020 to 2022. She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2020 class of fellows, "for contributions to design and analysis of mobile wireless communications systems".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Science and Technology of China alumni
New York University Tandon School of Engineering alumni
University of Kansas alumni
Mississippi State University faculty
Utah State University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Nanophysiology. Nanophysiology is a field  that concerns the function of nanodomains, such as the regulation of molecular or ionic flows in cell subcompartments, such as glial protrusions, dendritic spines, dendrites, mitochondria and many more.

Background 

Molecular organization in nanocompartments provides the construction required to achieve elementary functions that can sustain higher physiological functions of a cell. This includes calcium homeostatis, protein turn over, plastic changes underlying cell communications. The goal of this field is to determine the function of these nanocompartments  based on molecular organization, ionic flow or voltage distribution.

Voltage dynamics 
How the voltage is regulated in nanodomains remains an open field. While the classical Goldman-Hodgkin-Huxley-Katz models in biophysics provides a foundation for electrophysiology and has been responsible for many advances in neuroscience, this theory remains insufficient  to describe the voltage dynamics in small nano-compartments, such as synaptic terminals or cytoplasm around voltage-gated channels, because they are based on spatial and ionic homogeneity. Instead, electrodiffusion theory  should be used to describe electrical current flow in these nanostructures and reveal the structure-function.

References 

Biophysics
Cell biology
Bill Hager (South Carolina politician). William Winston Hager (born 7 February 1960) is an American engineer and politician.

Bill Hager was born on 7 February 1960 in Charlotte, North Carolina, to parents Roland and Charlene Hager. He later moved to Hampton, South Carolina, earned a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering at The Citadel, and worked as an engineer.

Hager served as chair of the Hampton County Economic Development Commission and ran for a seat on the Hampton County Council in 2020. In 2022, Hager defeated incumbent Shedron D. Williams of South Carolina House of Representatives District 122.

References

1960 births
Engineers from North Carolina
Engineers from South Carolina
The Citadel alumni
People from Hampton County, South Carolina
Living people
20th-century American engineers
American electrical engineers
Republican Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
Politicians from Charlotte, North Carolina
21st-century members of the South Carolina General Assembly
CII Iris 50. The Iris 50 computer is one of the computers marketed by the French company CII as part of plan Calcul at the end of the 1960s. Designed for the civilian market, it was produced from 1968 to 1975 and was the successor to the CII 10070 (SDS Sigma 7). Its main competitor in Europe was the IBM 360/50, which, like the Iris 50, was a universal 32 bits mainframe suitable for both business and scientific applications.

At the same time that the CII was building the Iris 50, it had to study military variants for the army called P0M, P2M, and P2MS. The Iris 35 M version, used in particular to process the information needed to fire the Pluton missile, had a magnetic core memory made up of elements of 16 kilobytes each; tolerant of severe environmental conditions. Its main peripherals were a printer, a monitor, and modems.

CII concluded that it was impossible to create another CPU compatible with Iris 50. It then decided to adopt the Sigma 9 architecture for the Iris 80, inspired by the Sigma 7 and marketed by  (SETI), one of the three companies that had merged in 1966 to create CII.

The operating system for the Iris 50 was Siris 7, designed and developed by CII.

Its successor, the Iris 80, was considerably transformed and improved, both in terms of the components, which moved from DTL to TTL, and the operating system (Siris 7/8) on which the IRIA researchers worked to increase its speed.

A slower-speed version, the Iris 45, was introduced in 1972.

References

External links 
 Technical specifications and illustrations of the Iris 50 (Fédération des Equipes Bull)

Mainframe computers
History of computing in France
Computers designed in France
32-bit computers
Standseilbahn Handegg–Wasserschloss Handeggfluh Ärlen. Standseilbahn Handegg–Wasserschloss Handeggfluh Ärlen was one of the funiculars of Kraftwerke Oberhasli built for its hydroelectric plants at Grimsel, in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It led from Handeck (or Handegg) at 1410 m to Handeckfluh Erlen (or Handeggfluh Ärlen) at 1680 m, on the side of the Hasli valley opposite of Gelmerbahn. The line had a length of 867 m and a difference of elevation of 270 m.

Background 

Built in 1948 for Kraftwerk Handegg II, it had a single car operated by an electric winch.

The funicular was considered of regional importance in Schweizer Seilbahninventar, the heritage inventory of Swiss cableways of 2011, among others due to its preserved original state.

The autorisation for transport of people was cancelled in 2013. The funicular ceased transport of goods in 2015.

Notes

References

External links 

Funicular railways in Switzerland
Transport in the canton of Bern

de:Gelmerbahn#Handegg – Wasserschloss Handeggfluh Ärlen
Nanodromia. Nanodromia is a genus of flies in the family Hybotidae.

Species
Nanodromia cryptica Grootaert, 1994
Nanodromia elongata Grootaert, 1994
Nanodromia hutan Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012
Nanodromia narmjeud Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003
Nanodromia narmkroi Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003
Nanodromia phukhao Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003
Nanodromia spinulosa Grootaert & Shamshev, 2012
Nanodromia spuria Grootaert, 1994
Nanodromia taksin Grootaert & Shamshev, 2003

References

Hybotidae
Brachycera genera
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of Australasia
Standseilbahn Urweid–Chapf. Standseilbahn Urweid–Chapf is one of the funiculars of Kraftwerke Oberhasli built for its hydroelectric plants at Grimsel, in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It leads from Üssri Urweid at 717 m to Chapf (or Wasserschloss Kapf) at 1320 m. The line has a length of 1030 m with a difference of elevation of 608 m and a maximum slope of 100%. The funicular has a single car for up to 12 persons  and is operated by an electric winch at the upper station.

History 
The funicular was built by Kraftwerke Oberhasli in 1940 at the construction of Kraftwerk Innertkirchen I (1939-1943), the first expansion of its Grimsel plant.

It was considered of regional importance in Schweizer Seilbahninventar, the heritage inventory of Swiss cableways of 2011, among others due to the substantive parts preserved in its original state and its continued use.

Notes

References 

Funicular railways in Switzerland
Transport in the canton of Bern
Beth Keser. Beth Keser is an American electronics engineer specializing in electronic packaging, and especially wafer-level packaging. She is head of Packaging & Systems Technology for Intel, and president of the International Microelectronics and Packaging Society.

Education and career
Keser is originally from Rochester, New York; where many of her childhood friends were children of engineers. She focused on materials science as an undergraduate at Cornell University, graduating in 1993, and earned a Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

After postdoctoral work in a research and development laboratory, she worked on advanced electronic packaging at Motorola for twelve years. In 2009, she became the leader of the Fan-Out and Fan-In Wafer Level Packaging Technology Development and NPI Group for Qualcomm, before moving to her present position at Intel. Dr. Keser left Intel in 2023 and is currently the VP of Manufacturing at Zero ASIC. 

She was elected as president of the International Microelectronics and Packaging Society for the 2021–2023 term.

Recognition
Keser is a Distinguished Lecturer for the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society for 2020–2024. She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2020 class of fellows, "for contributions to electronic packaging technologies". In 2021, she received the Exceptional Technical Achievement Award of the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society, with Tanja Braun, "for seminal contributions and leadership in Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging".

She was also one of five winners in a 2015 scriptwriting competition seeking pitches for a television show about a woman engineer, the only engineer to win.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electronics engineers
American women electrical engineers
Cornell University alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor. Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor, (also called EELS) is a snakebot vehicle originally designed to explore the surface and the oceans of Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. The JPL has also referred to the possibility of using EELS to explore locations such as lunar lava tubes, Mars's polar caps, and Earth's ice sheets.

It uses multiple segments containing actuation, propulsion, power and, communication electronics. The segments use corkscrews to move across the ground.
These corkscrews can act as propellers while underwater.

, the current version (1.0) weighs approximately , and is  or 10 segments long. EELS has no scientific instruments, uses stereo cameras and Lidar, and it uses a tether for power and communications.

References 

Robotic sensing
Lidar
Planetary rovers
Jet Propulsion Laboratory