Packard XJ41. The Packard XJ41 was a turbojet aircraft engine developed by the Packard company in the mid-1940s.

Design and development

In 1943, Packard leased a government-owned manufacturing plant  located on the outskirts of Toledo, Ohio. The plant was previously operated by the defunct Aviation Corporation. Packard used the leased plant to manufacture parts for the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, and referred to it as its Toledo Division.  In the early-summer of 1944, the Army Air Force Materiel Command contracted with Packard to carry out "advanced aircraft engine development" on both the Merlin and gas-turbine engines. To oversee the new project, Packard hired Allison Engine Company's Robert M. Williams as their chief design engineer at the Toledo facility in July of that year.  In early 1945 the Power Plant Lab at Wright Field asked Packard to take on a research project to develop an expendable jet engine of , weighing no more than . Design work for the engine, designated Packard XJ41, began in May 1945.

After studying existing turbojet engines it was decided to design an engine which would be a significant advancement over conventional turbo-jet engines, have a low manufacturing cost, minimum use of strategic materials and be a lightweight design.

The Packard XJ41 met those requirements with a combination of a mixed flow compressor, a lightweight annular combustion chamber and hollow turbine blades for both rotor and stator. The engine's most outstanding design characteristic was the use of an air inlet that operated at supersonic speed that produced more thrust per pound of weight than designs using low-velocity inlet air. The XJ41 weighed  and produced , where the Allison J33 weighed  at the same thrust. The XJ41 was completed and operating on a test stand by January 8, 1946.

Packard's investment for production of the new turbojet engine design was extensive. By the end of 1946, the installation of fabrication and testing equipment was valued at $10,000,000. In addition, flight testing, shop, and hangar facilities at Willow Run, Michigan was valued at $1,000,000, and an additional $3,500,000 in laboratory and testing equipment was installed by spring of 1947.

Serial numbers V-500001 to V-500007 were allocated, indicating that at least seven engines were built. Development continued on the engine over three years, with Packard assigning model numbers PT-103 and PT-104 to military engine designations XJ41 serial number V-500001 and XJ41 serial number V-500003. A design study for an engine suitable for high acceleration, such as a catapult launched take-off, was assigned model number PT-106 in February 1947. Between September 1947 and July 1948 an XJ41 was flight-tested several times attached to a North American B-25J Mitchell bomber.

Development of the XJ41 stopped when Packard engineers came up with a radical redesign that differed so much the designation XJ49 was assigned. All work on the XJ41 stopped and funding was transferred to the new design.

Specifications (XJ41-V-500003)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

Further reading
Neal Robert J., Master Motor Builders, Aero-Marine History Publishing Co. (2000)

External links
Packard Aircraft Engines 
Packard engine specifications
Images of Packard engines including the XJ41 
Production statistics for all Packard engines 

1940s turbojet engines
XJ-41