omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jakarta Annotations. Jakarta Annotations (CA; formerly Common Annotations for the Java Platform or JSR 250) is a part of Jakarta EE. Originally created with the objective to develop Java annotations (that is, information about a software program that is not part of the program itself) for common semantic concepts in the Java SE and Java EE platforms that apply across a variety of individual technologies. It was envisioned that various JSRs would use annotations to enable a declarative style of programming. It would be especially valuable to have consistency within the Java EE component JSRs, but it is also valuable to allow consistency between Java EE and Java SE.

Description and purpose 

JSR 250, as a Java Specification Request, has the objective to define a set of annotations that address common semantic concepts and therefore can be used by many Java EE and Java SE components. This is to avoid redundant annotations across those components. JSR 250 was released on 11 May 2006. As Declarative annotation-driven configuration is more and more used in Java frameworks and applications, e.g. Spring makes more components of its framework configurable via annotations, the importance of JSR 250 is likely to increase in the future.

Dependencies to other JSRs 

JSR 250 depends on JSR 175 and therefore also on Java SE 5.0

The annotations

Implementation 

All non-Java EE JSR 250 annotations were added to the Java SE with version 6 (Generated, PostConstruct, PreDestroy, Resource, Resources). They are located in the package javax.annotation. They were subsequently deprecated in Java SE 9 and removed in Java SE 11, however, they are effectively continued, being renamed to jakarta.annotation in Jakarta EE 9.

References 
Jakarta Annotations
JSR 250: Common Annotations for the Java Platform

Java specification requests
Java enterprise platform
311 series. The  is a DC suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) in Japan. First introduced in July 1989, a total of 15 four-car sets were built between 1989 and 1991 by Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kinki Sharyo to replace older 113 and 115 series EMUs. The design of the 311 series was developed from that of the 211 series.

Design
Built jointly by Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kinki Sharyo, the design was developed from the earlier 211 series, with the first five trains introduced from July 1989 to replace older 113 and 115 series EMUs. Eight more sets were introduced from the start of the new timetable in March 1990, and a further two sets were introduced in March 1991.

Formation
, the fleet consists of 15 four-car sets (G1 to G15), all based at Ogaki Depot. The trainsets are formed as shown below with two motored cars and two non-powered trailer cars.

The KuMoHa car is fitted with a single-arm pantograph. Between June 2006 and July 2008, all sets had their original lozenge pantographs replaced with single-arm pantographs.

Interior

Withdrawal
Withdrawals of the 311 series commenced on 18 May 2022, starting with sets G8 and G12.

References

External links

 JR Central 311 series information 

Central Japan Railway Company
Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 1989
Hitachi multiple units
Kawasaki multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Gustaf von Heidenstam. Nils Gustav von Heidenstam (1822 – 2 June 1887) was a Swedish engineer born in Blekinge. He was the chief engineer of the Swedish Royal Coast Guard.

Life
He was the son of Werther Werner von Heidenstam (16 October 1763 – 1852) and father of Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940), poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916.

The mid-19th century was a period of intensive lighthouse-building. The work to cover Sweden's coasts with lighthouses was led by lighthouse engineer Gustav von Heidenstam at the Swedish Board of Pilotage. He designed the type of lighthouse of which Pater Noster is an example, which is often called 'Heidenstammare'. Of a total of eleven lighthouses of this type, ten still remain.

When Heidenstam created the lighthouse Pater Noster, he got his inspiration by studying the English lighthouse Maple Sound in the mouth of the Thames.

References

Swedish engineers
1822 births
1887 deaths
Lighthouse builders
People from Blekinge
Suicides in Sweden
1880s suicides
Keystone Bridge Company. The Keystone Bridge Company, founded in 1865 by Andrew Carnegie, was an American bridge building company. It was one of the 28 companies absorbed into the American Bridge Company in 1900. The company advertised its services for building steel, wrought iron, wooden railway and road bridges. 

It held a patent for wrought iron bridges and also supplied wrought iron columns for buildings. Thomas Carnegie worked for Keystone Bridge as treasurer for roughly 20 years, from the founding of the company until his death in 1886.

History and architectural features
 Keystone is best remembered for the Eads Bridge in St. Louis, completed in 1874, which survives to this day. A number of its works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Carnegie sold his company, Carnegie Steel Company to J.P. Morgan in 1901.

Works include (attribution):
Fairground Street Bridge (built 1895), spans ICG RR yard on Fairground St. Vicksburg, MS (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Hannibal Bridge or Kansas City Bridge, spanned the Missouri River at Kansas City, MO, (constructed 1867–9) for the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad.  (Keystone Bridge Co.). 
Nokesville Truss Bridge, NE of Nokesville on VA 646 Nokesville, VA (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Oak Ridge Railroad Overpass, SW of Shipman on VA 653 Shipman, VA (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Pine Creek Park Bridge, N of Old Dam Rd., over Pine Cr. Fairfield, CT (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Riverside Avenue Bridge, Riverside Ave. and RR tracks Greenwich, CT (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Valley Road Bridge, Stewartstown Railroad, Stewartstown RR tracks over Valley Rd., Hopewell Township Stewartstown, PA (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
White Water Creek Bridge, Whitewater Rd. over White Water Cr. Bernard, IA (Keystone Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
Windsor Harbor Road Bridge, Windsor Harbor Rd. at Rock Creek Kimmswick, MO (Keystone Bridge Company), NRHP-listed
Keystone Bridge, Over North Fork of the South Platte River for access to the Mountain hiking trail Bailey Co. (Keystone Bridge Company)

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in Pittsburgh
Bridge companies
1865 establishments in Pennsylvania
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1865
American companies established in 1865
Andrew Carnegie
Membrane structure. Membrane structures are spatial structures made out of tensioned membranes. The structural use of membranes can be divided into pneumatic structures, tensile membrane structures, and cable domes. In these three kinds of structure, membranes work together with cables, columns and other construction members to find a form. 

Membranes are also used as non-structural cladding, as at the Beijing National Stadium where the spaces between the massive steel structural members are infilled with PTFE coated glass fiber fabric and ETFE foil. The other major building on the site, built for the 2008 Summer Olympics, is the Beijing National Aquatics Center, also known as the Water Cube. It is entirely clad in 100,000 square metres of inflated ETFE foil cushions arranged as an apparently random cellular structure.

Materials

The common membranes used in membrane structures include:
 PVC coated polyester fabric
 Translucent Polyethylene fabric
 PVC coated glass fiber fabric
 PTFE coated glass fiber fabric; foils like 
 ETFE foil
 PVC foil.

Gallery

Conference 
The International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) in Barcelona biannually holds the international conference Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures (Structural Membranes). 
The conference has been taking place in Barcelona, Stuttgart and Munich. The tenth edition of the conference will be organized in 2021 in Munich.

Literature 
ETFE, Technology and Design, Annette LeCuyer, Verlag Birkhäuser, 
Membrane Structures, Hrsg. Klaus-Michael Koch, Verlag Prestel,

See also
 Tensile structure
 Tension fabric building
 Fabric structure
 Air-supported structure

References 

Architecture
 
Roofs
Body solder. Body solder is a type of solder used to smooth the surface of automobile bodies before painting. It has been largely supplanted by polyester body fillers, such as Bondo, and others, but many purists and auto customizers continue to use body solder, asserting that it bonds better to sheet metal, feels better, wears better, resists higher temperatures, and can be powder coated or otherwise chemically plated.

Overview
Body solder is available in both leaded and lead-free formulas from most suppliers of auto customization parts and tools. Leaded body solders usually are an alloy of lead and 2 to 10% tin. Body solder is melted with a blowtorch and flowed onto a car, and then shaped with a solid wood (often oak) paddle or spatula. It is then filed, not sanded, to adjust its profile.

See also
 Solder ring fitting

References

External links
 Body Soldering Tools

Automotive technologies
Soldering
Wings Over Miami Air Museum. Wings Over Miami is a flying aviation museum of historically significant aircraft, located at Miami Executive Airport in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States,  southwest of the central business district of Miami.

History
The museum was conceived as a replacement for the Weeks Air Museum which had been located at the airport, but which was moved to Polk County, Florida after having its facility and almost all of its aircraft damaged by Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

The departure of the Weeks collection left an aviation historical deficit in the Miami area. In 2001 four military and classic plane enthusiasts decided to create a new museum to use the facility. The new museum's board was made up of its founders: Walter Orth, Larry Ploucha, Vincent Tirado and Tom Righetti. They agreed from the start that Wings Over Miami would be a flying museum, meaning that aircraft from the collection would be airworthy and would be flown regularly.

The aircraft collection that was assembled included representation from a broad range of aviation history, including vintage aircraft, World War II and the Cold War.

Aircraft 

The museum collection includes:

 Aero L29-R Delfín
 Aero L-39C Albatros
 Brown B-1 Racer
 Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina
 Douglas A-26C Invader
 Douglas C-117D
 Grumman F-14D Tomcat
 Ikarus Aero 3-A
 Ryan PT-22
 Nanchang CJ-6A
 North American AT-6D Texan
 North American T-28 Trojan
 North American SNJ-6
 Schweizer SGS 1-26
 Yakovlev Yak-52

References

External links

Official website

Aerospace museums in Florida
Museums in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Military and war museums in Florida
Museums established in 2001
2001 establishments in Florida
Richard J. Mayer. Richard J. Mayer (born 1952) is an American engineer, President of Knowledge Based Systems, Inc., known as lead engineer and principal investigator on the projects of developing part of the IDEF family of modeling languages in the field of software and systems engineering.

Mayer received a PhD and worked for years at the Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. He was the lead engineer during the development of the information and data modeling methods IDEF1 and IDEF1X while at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. In 1988 he cofounded Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. (KBSI), College Station, Texas. KBSI was the prime contractor for the Information Integration for Concurrent Engineering (IICE) project, funded by Armstrong Laboratory, Logistics Research Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Richard J. Mayer was the Principal Investigator on the projects of developing IDEF3, IDEF4 en IDEF6.

Publications 
Mayer has published several books and articles. 
A selection:
 1990. Conflict management : the courage to confront. Columbus, Ohio : Battelle Press.  
 1991. IDEF6: A Design Rationale Capture Method Concept Paper With Patricia A. Griffith & Christopher P. Menzel. Defense Technical Information Center.
 1992. IDEF4 object-oriented design method report. Armstrong Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command.
 1993. Information Integration for Concurrent Engineering (IICE): IDEF3 Process Description Capture Method Report. Logistics Research Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433
 1995.  Information Integration for Concurrent Engineering (IICE) Compendium of methods report. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7604.

References 

1952 births
American computer scientists
Enterprise modelling experts
Living people
Systems engineers
Texas A&M University faculty
Non-autonomous mechanics. Non-autonomous mechanics describe non-relativistic mechanical systems subject to time-dependent transformations. In particular, this is the case of mechanical systems whose Lagrangians and Hamiltonians depend on the time. The configuration space of non-autonomous mechanics is a fiber bundle  over the time axis  coordinated by . 

This bundle is trivial, but its different trivializations  correspond to the choice of different non-relativistic reference frames. Such a reference frame also is represented by a connection
 on  which takes a form  with respect to this trivialization. The corresponding covariant differential 
determines the relative velocity with respect to a reference frame .

As a consequence, non-autonomous mechanics (in particular, non-autonomous Hamiltonian mechanics) can be formulated as a covariant classical field theory (in particular covariant Hamiltonian field theory) on . Accordingly, the velocity phase space of non-autonomous mechanics is the jet manifold  of  provided with the coordinates . Its momentum phase space is the vertical cotangent bundle  of  coordinated by  and endowed with the canonical Poisson structure. The dynamics of Hamiltonian non-autonomous mechanics is defined by a Hamiltonian form . 

One can associate to any Hamiltonian non-autonomous system an equivalent Hamiltonian autonomous system on the cotangent bundle  of  coordinated by  and provided with the canonical symplectic form; its Hamiltonian is .

See also
 Analytical mechanics
 Non-autonomous system (mathematics)
 Hamiltonian mechanics
 Symplectic manifold
 Covariant Hamiltonian field theory
 Free motion equation
 Relativistic system (mathematics)

References 
 De Leon, M., Rodrigues, P., Methods of Differential Geometry in Analytical Mechanics (North Holland, 1989).
 Echeverria Enriquez, A., Munoz Lecanda, M., Roman Roy, N., Geometrical setting of time-dependent regular systems. Alternative models, Rev. Math. Phys. 3 (1991) 301.
 Carinena, J., Fernandez-Nunez, J., Geometric theory of time-dependent singular Lagrangians, Fortschr. Phys., 41 (1993) 517.
 Mangiarotti, L., Sardanashvily, G., Gauge Mechanics (World Scientific, 1998) .
 Giachetta, G., Mangiarotti, L., Sardanashvily, G., Geometric Formulation of Classical and Quantum Mechanics (World Scientific, 2010)  ().

Classical mechanics
Hamiltonian mechanics
Symplectic geometry
Sakuma Rail Park. The  was an open-air railway museum located next to Chūbu-Tenryū Station on the Iida Line in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. It was operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), and was opened on 21 April 1991. The museum closed on 1 November 2009 in preparation for the move to a new SCMaglev and Railway Park in Nagoya in 2011.

Exhibits
As of June 2009, the following railway vehicles were on display.

Shinkansen
 0 Series Shinkansen car – No. 21-2023 (cab end only, later moved to J-TREC factory in Yokohama)

Locomotives
 JNR Class ED11 electric locomotive - No. ED11 2 (built 1922 by General Electric, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 JNR Class ED62 electric locomotive - No. ED62 14

Electric railcars
 Class KuMoHa 12 EMU car - No. MoHa 12054 (rebuilt 1959)
 Class KuMoHa 52 EMU car - No. MoHa 52004 (built 1937 by Kawasaki Sharyo, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 111 series EMU car - No. KuHa 111-1 (built 1962 by Nippon Sharyo, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 KuYa 165 EMU car - No. KuYa 165-1 (rebuilt 1974 from former SaHaShi 153–15)

Diesel railcars
 Class KiHa 48000 railcar - No. KiHa 48036 (built 1956 by Tokyu Car, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 Class KiHa 181 DMU car - No. KiHa 181-1 (built 1968 by Fuji Heavy Industries, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)

Passenger carriages
 SuNi 30 passenger carriage – No. SuNi 30 95 (built 1929 by Osaka Tekko, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 OYa 31 passenger carriage – No. OYa 31 12 (built 1937 by Nakata Sharyo, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 OHaFu 33 passenger carriage – No. OHaFu 33 115
 OHa 35 passenger carriage – No. OHa 35 206 (built 1941 by Nippon Sharyo, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 MaINe 40 sleeping carriage – No. MaINe 40 7 (built 1948 by Nippon Sharyo, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)
 10 series sleeping carriage – No. ORoNe 10 27 (built 1960 by Hitachi, later moved to SCMaglev and Railway Park)

Other vehicles
 So 80 crane - No. So 180 & ChiKi 6132 match wagon

References

External links

  

Buildings and structures in Hamamatsu
Museums in Shizuoka Prefecture
Museums established in 1991
Museums disestablished in 2009
Railway museums in Japan
Defunct museums in Japan
1991 establishments in Japan
2009 disestablishments in Japan
Space Exploration Vehicle. The Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV) is a modular vehicle concept developed by NASA from 2008 to 2015. It would have consisted of a pressurized cabin that could be mated either with a wheeled chassis to form a rover for planetary surface exploration (on the Moon and elsewhere) or to a flying platform for open space missions such as servicing satellites and missions to near-Earth asteroids. The concept evolved from the Lunar Electric Rover (LER) concept, which in turn was a development of the Small Pressurized Rover (SPR) concept.

Concept vehicles of the Lunar Electric Rover (and later, the SEV) were tested during the Desert Research and Technology Studies in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. One of the LER concept vehicles took part in the presidential inauguration parade of Barack Obama in 2009. The chassis and structural elements of these concept vehicles were fabricated by Off-Road International. Research and testing continued in 2012 in the Johnson Space Center with a mock-up of a free-flying SEV simulating a mission to an asteroid.

Development of the SEV continued, producing variants called the Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) and in 2013 a cabin for a possible lunar lander called the Alternate MMSEV (AMMSEV).

The SEV was developed together with other projects under the Advanced Explorations Systems Program. The program's budget for FY 2010 was $152.9 million.

Features
The SEV is the size of a small pickup truck, has 12 wheels, and can house two astronauts for up to two weeks. The SEV consists of a chassis and cabin module. The SEV will allow the attachment of tools such as cranes, cable reels, backhoes and winches. Designed for two occupants, this vehicle is capable of supporting four in an emergency. With wheels that can pivot 360 degrees, the SEV can drive in any direction. Astronauts can enter and exit without space suits directly from an airlock docking hatch, or through a suitport without the need to depressurize the habitat module.

The pressurized module contains a small bathroom with privacy curtains and a shower head producing a water mist for sponge baths. It also contains cabinets for tools, workbench areas and two crew seats that can fold back into beds.

Specifications (2008 design)
Speed: 
Range:

SEV

Mass: 
Payload: 
Length: 
Wheelbase: 
Height: 
Wheels: 12 wheels with each at  in diameter,  wide

Chassis
Mass: 
Payload: 
Length: 
Wheelbase: 
Height: 
Wheels: 12 wheels with each at  in diameter,  wide

See also
 Lunar Roving Vehicle, the 1970s Apollo program Moon rover used on Apollo 15, 16, and 17
Crewed Mars rover
Mars habitat

References

External links

  SEV Fact Sheet
 LER Fact Sheet
 Small Pressurized Rover on HowStuffWorks
 Mission concept video

Exploration of the Moon
Missions to the Moon
Lunar rovers
Deep Space Habitat
Off-road vehicles
Planetary rovers
Nuclear Institute. The Nuclear Institute is the professional body representing nuclear professionals in the UK.

It is a charity independent of the industry that promotes knowledge of nuclear energy amongst its members and the public and offers a route to professional qualification for those working in the sector, including nuclear engineers and scientists. It supports and encourages educational initiatives that will benefit the skills needed for design, build, operation, decommissioning and waste management of nuclear systems. It publishes Nuclear Future journal every two months and holds regular meetings throughout the UK; many evening meetings are open to the public and free of charge.

History
It was formed on 1 January 2009 from the merger of the British Nuclear Energy Society (BNES), a learned society, and the Institution of Nuclear Engineers (INucE), a professional institute. Both organisations had the same former address. The merger was agreed on 23 April 2008.  In 2010, the Institute became a member of the UK Science Council.  It is licensed by the Science Council to award Chartered Scientist status to qualifying members.

BNES
It was formed in 1962. It had around 1,400 members. The BNES formed the Young Generation Network in 1996. Its last president was John Earp.

INucE
Institution of Nuclear Engineers (INucE) was founded in 1959. It was a Nominated Body of the Engineering Council UK. Members of the institute would be given the title "Fellow of the Institution of Nuclear Engineers" (FINucE). The last president was David Whitworth.

Functions
It represents the UK nuclear power industry. It publishes Nuclear Future every two months. It holds conferences and meetings throughout the UK.

The NI annually hosts the Universities’ Nuclear Technology Forum, which stands as one of the oldest nuclear engineering meetings globally; 
2025 University of Strathclyde
2024 University of Leeds
2023 University of Bristol
2022 University Bangor,
2022 University Bangor,
2021 unknown,
2020 University Bangor,
2019 University of Surrey, 
2018 Lancaster University,
2017 University of Liverpool, 
2016 unknown, 
2015 The Open University in Milton Keynes, 
2010 University of Salford.

See also
 Institution of Mechanical Engineers
 Energy Institute
 European Nuclear Society
 Nuclear Energy Agency
 Nuclear Decommissioning Authority

References

External links
 
 Nuclear Future Journal
 
 

ECUK Licensed Members
Nuclear industry organizations
Nuclear technology in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the City of Westminster
Scientific organizations established in 2009
2009 establishments in the United Kingdom