omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Population monotonicity. Population monotonicity (PM) is a principle of consistency in allocation problems. It says that, when the set of agents participating in the allocation changes, the utility of all agents should change in the same direction. For example, if the resource is good, and an agent leaves, then all remaining agents should receive at least as much utility as in the original allocation.

The term "population monotonicity" is used in an unrelated meaning in the context of apportionment of seats in the congress among states. There, the property relates to the population of an individual state, which determines the state's entitlement. A population-increase means that a state is entitled to more seats. This different property is described in the page state-population monotonicity.

In fair cake cutting 
In the fair cake-cutting problem, classic allocation rules such as divide and choose are not PM. Several rules are known to be PM:

 When the pieces may be disconnected, any function that maximizes a concave welfare function (a monotonically-increasing function of the utilities) is PM. This holds whether the welfare function operates on the absolute utilities or on the relative utilities. In particular, the Nash-optimal rule, absolute-leximin and relative-leximin rules, absolute-utilitarian and relative utilitarian rules are all PM. It is an open question whether concavity of the welfare function is necessary for PM.
 When the pieces must be connected, no Pareto-optimal proportional division rule is PM. The absolute-equitable rule and relative-equitable rules are weakly Pareto-optimal and PM.

In fair house allocation 
In the house allocation problem, a rule is PM and strategyproof and Pareto-efficient, if-and-only-if it assigns the houses iteratively, where at each iteration, at most two agents trade houses from their initial endowments.

In fair item allocation 
In the fair item allocation problem, the Nash-optimal rule is no longer PM. In contrast, round-robin item allocation is PM. Moreover, round-robin can be adapted to yield picking sequences appropriate for agents with different entitlements. Picking-sequences based on divisor methods are PM too. However, a picking-sequence based on the quota method is not PM.

See also 

 Resource monotonicity
PM of the nucleolus in public good problems.
PM in newsvendor games.
PM in economies with one indivisible good.

References 

Fairness criteria
Space Operations Command (Italy). The Italian Space Operations Command (, COS) is the joint space command of the Italian Armed Forces. It was established in 2020.

History
At the end of 2019, the General Office for Space was established within the Defence Staff. In June 2020, the Space Operation Command was officially founded and General Luca Capasso was appointed at its head.

The Space Operation Command operates military satellites of Italy, such as Sicral 1B, Sicral 2, Athena-Fidus, OPTSAT-3000 and the COSMO-SkyMed. It is also working together with the Italian Navy to convert the aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi, which was expected to be dismantled in 2022, into a rocket launch platform.

See also

 Italian Armed Forces
 Italian Air Force
 Italian Space Agency

References

External links 
 Official Website

Joint military units and formations
Space units and formations
Military units and formations of Italy
Military units and formations established in 2020
Marina Guenza. Marina Guenza is an Italian theoretical physical chemist who studies the fluid dynamics of macromolecules. She is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Oregon.

Education and career
Guenza earned a master's degree at the University of Genoa in 1985, and completed her Ph.D. in 1989 through a consortium of the University of Genoa, University of Turin, and University of Pavia.

Formerly a tenured researcher for the National Research Council (Italy), she moved to the University of Oregon as an assistant professor in 2002, earned tenure as an associate professor in 2006, and became full professor in 2012.

Recognition
In 2011, Guenza was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Polymer Physics, "for significant contributions to the field of polymer physics through the development of theoretical methods to study macromolecular structure and dynamics". She became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2018.

References

External links
The Guenza Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Italian chemists
Italian women chemists
Fluid dynamicists
University of Genoa alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Jean Mesqui. Jean Mesqui, (born 27 May 1952 in Paris) is an engineer, researcher in castle studies, and specialist in the bridges of France.

Biography 
Jean Antoine Marie Joseph Mesqui was born on 27 May 1952, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris.

He studied at the École polytechnique in Paris, and obtained a doctor of letters.

He was president of the Société des Autoroutes Paris-Normandie and the Société Française d'Archéologie. In 2016–2017, he chaired the Association des sociétés françaises d'autoroutes.

As well as his career as an engineer, Mesqui pursued research on built heritage.

Jean Mesqui is an internationally renowned castellologist. He specialises in the study of the most emblematic castles of France and the Middle East. He is also considered a specialist in bridges, in particular those of the Middle Ages.

Jean Mesqui has written several books on medieval fortified architecture, the history of bridges and roads, and numerous articles.

See also
International Castle Research Society

References

External links 
 

Officers of the Legion of Honour
Castellologists
Corps des ponts
École Polytechnique alumni
21st-century French historians
20th-century French historians
1952 births
Living people
Smart plug. A smart plug is a power plug and socket (also known as a wall plug, outlet, or electrical connector) which can be fitted between power cords and sockets to function as a remote-controlled power switch. As such, smart plugs can be used to make "dumb" electrical equipment smart, and thereby enable such devices for home automation or building automation purposes.

Smart plugs can, for example, be controlled via a mobile application, a smart home hub or a virtual assistant. Examples of protocols used for communication with smart plugs include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and Z-Wave. Many smart plugs have a built-in ammeter so that electric energy consumption (measured in kilowatt-hours) of the connected equipment can be monitored. Smart plugs often have a slim profile so as not to hinder access to neighbouring sockets in a wall outlet or power strip.

See also 
 Wireless light switch
 Time switch

References

External links
 TP-LINK HS100 Wi-Fi Smart Plug Review

Electrical connectors
Electricity
Home automation
Diane J. Cook. Diane Joyce Cook is an American computer scientist whose research interests include artificial intelligence, data mining, machine learning, home automation, and smart environments. She is Regents Professor and Huie-Rogers Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University.

Her research has included methods for testing the intelligence of artificially intelligent systems, using sensors in home automation to detect mental issues in older residents, developing robotic home care assistants, adapting to the habits of smart home owners, and more generally application of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence in home automation.

Education and career
Cook studied mathematics and computer science at Wheaton College (Illinois), graduating in 1985. She went to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for graduate study, earning a master's degree in 1987 on the automation of music notation under the joint supervision of computer scientist William Kubiz and experimental musician Sever Tipei, and completing a Ph.D. in 1990 on topics related to planning in artificial intelligence, supervised by Robert Stepp.

She became an assistant professor at the University of South Florida and a faculty fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, but quickly moved to the University of Texas at Arlington, becoming professor there in 2001 and University Distinguished Scholar Professor in 2004. In 2006, she moved to Washington State University as Regents Professor and Huie-Rogers Chair.

Books
Cook is the coauthor of:
Smart Environments: Technology, Protocols, and Applications (with Sajal K. Das, Wiley, 2005)
Activity Learning: Discovering, Recognizing, and Predicting Human Behavior from Sensor Data (with Narayanan C. Krishnan, Wiley, 2015)
With Lawrence B. Holder, she is the co-editor of Mining Graph Data (Wiley, 2007).

Recognition
Cook was named a Fellow of the IEEE in 2008, "for contributions to machine learning algorithm design and application". In 2016 she was named a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. She was named as an ACM Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, "for contributions to machine learning and digital health".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Wheaton College (Illinois) alumni
University of South Florida faculty
University of Texas at Arlington faculty
Washington State University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
20th-century American women educators
20th-century American educators
21st-century American women educators
21st-century American educators
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
2024 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Lorin Selby. Lorin Cave Selby (born 1963) is a retired United States Navy rear admiral who last served as the Chief of Naval Research from May 31, 2020 to June 16, 2023. Previously, he served as the Chief Engineer of the United States Navy and Deputy Commander for Ship Design, Integration, and Naval Engineering of the Naval Sea Systems Command from June 2016 until May 2020.

Born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, Selby graduated from the University of Virginia in December 1986 with a Bachelor of Science degree in nuclear engineering. He later earned a Master of Science degree in nuclear engineering and a Nuclear Engineer degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His June 1993 thesis was entitled Experimental Evaluation of an Instrumented Synthesis Method for the Real-Time Estimation of Reactivity.

After retiring from the Navy, Selby joined WestExec Advisors, a consulting firm serving undisclosed clients in the defense industry.

References

External links

Date of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Living people
Military personnel from Baltimore
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
United States submarine commanders
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Navy admirals
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
USCG CG-74339. CG-74339 (ex CG-255) was a wooden-hulled patrol vessel in commission in the fleet of the United States Coast Guard.

History
She was laid down at the Alameda, California shipyard of the A. W. de Young Boat & Shipbuilding Company, one of 203 "Six-Bitters" ordered by the United States Coast Guard, 10 of which were built by de Young. She was designed for long-range picket and patrol duty during Prohibition for postings 20 to 30 miles from shore. She was laid down on 18 August 1924, launched on 25 November 1924, and delivered 26 December 1924. She was commissioned in 1924/1925 as CG-255. By 1943, during World War II, she was designated CG-74339 (the "74" referring to her length of 74 feet 11 inches). She was decommissioned for disposal in 1947.

References

1924 ships
Ships built in Alameda, California
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built by the A. W. de Young Boat & Shipbuilding Company
Rodriguez well. A Rodriguez well (or Rodwell) is a type of well envisioned by Swiss glaciologist Henri Bader of Rutgers University and developed by engineer Raul Rodriguez of the United States Army for economical harvesting of drinking water in polar areas. The project began as a subproject of the Army's Camp Century base in Greenland, created as a demonstration for affordable ice-cap military outposts or bases for scientific research.

Background 

U.S. Army engineer Raúl Rodríguez-Torrent (1921-1985) was born in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico in August 1921. In 1940 he enlisted in the U.S. Army and later became an engineer at the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 

Developed at Camp Century in Greenland during the early 1960s, a Rodriguez Well (Rodwell), uses heat exchangers and a submersible pump to create a cavity deep under a glacier’s surface and cycle the heated water up an ice shaft, siphoning a portion of the flow for consumption before sending the rest back down to the well. Camp Century was a preliminary camp for Project Iceworm whose end goal was to install a vast network of nuclear missile launch sites that could survive a first strike.  If this model were found to be effective, an efficient means of supplying water to staff stationed on site needed to be developed. Project Iceworm was a top secret United States Army program of the Cold War, which aimed to build a network of mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. The ultimate objective of placing medium-range missiles under the ice — close enough to strike targets within the Soviet Union — was kept secret from the Government of Denmark.

Means of operation 

Heated water is used to melt a shaft over a hundred feet deep, eventually forming a cavity beneath the surface at the point where the shaft ends.  By continuously replenishing this pool of heated water, the deep pocket of melted water gradually expands, renewing the supply of fresh water available to be pumped to the surface.  The process was inspired by the observation that room temperature sewage injected into the arctic surface eventually formed a pocket around 100 feet down which would not refreeze as long as more sewage was continuously injected. The lifespan of a Rodriguez well is over seven years, ending when the depth of the cavity becomes too deep for the facility to efficiently heat and recirculate water.

Current uses 

A Rodriguez well was driven at the National Science Foundation's Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.

Potential use on Mars 

NASA is presently working with the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory of the US Army Corps of Engineers to design a proof of concept of a Rodriguez well usable in polar regions of Mars.

See also 
 Bader Glacier

References 

Water supply
Habitat
ARC 20 de Julio (D-05). ARC 20 de Julio (D-05)  is one of the two Colombian . She and ARC 7 de Agosto were the only ones built of their class. Two more ships were ordered but they were never completed. She had the previous name of Veinte de Julio prior to renaming.

Design

20 de Julio was 121 meters long and 12.6 meters wide. The hull was designed with a forecastle and a long, continuous superstructure which made it possible for the crew to reach the entire ship without having to go outside, thus minimizing the risk of exposure to radioactive contamination. Unlike previous destroyer classes, whose superstructure was built of aluminum, the Halland-class was built of steel. Aluminum gave ships a lower weight but had the disadvantage that, it melted at a much lower temperature than steel in a shipboard fire. To keep the weight down therefore, corrugated galvanised iron was used in the superstructure.

The machinery consisted of steam boilers and steam turbines. Two Penhoët boilers delivered steam with a pressure of 40 bar and the temperature of 420 degrees to two de Laval turbines. The effect was a total of 58,000 horsepower, which gave the ship a maximum speed of 35 knots (65 km/h).

The main armament consisted of three fully automatic double Bofors 120 mm gun model 1950 which were initially directed from a central sight which was later replaced by a new artillery radar sight connected to the radar. The secondary armament consisted of four single Bofors 40 mm L/70. The former was initially controlled from a central sight on the bridge and later by a digital fire control housed in the characteristic radome over the bridge deck. The torpedo armament consisted of two quadruple sets with a total of eight torpedo tubes. Regarding anti-submarine warfare, there was a sonar housed in a dome which could be retracted into the hull when not in use. When a submarine was discovered, four Bofors 375mm anti submarine rockets, each with a 100 kg charge and a range of 300 - 1,200 meters, could be fired in a pattern around, above and below the target from a trainable four-barrelled launcher.

History
20 de Julio was built at Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad in Gothenburg and was launched on 26 June 1952 and delivered to the Colombian Navy on 15 June 1956.

During her 26 years of operational use the unit did not participate in any major actions, except for periodic exercises with US Navy ships. She was decommissioned in 1986 and later scrapped.

References

Notes

Print

External links

Halland-class destroyers of the Colombian Navy
Ships built in Gothenburg
1956 ships
Nancy Haegel. Nancy Haegel is an American electrical engineer, materials scientist, and solar power researcher, known for her work on semiconductors and large-scale photovoltaic energy systems. Other topics in her research include imaging electronic processes and detecting nuclear radiation. Formerly a distinguished professor of physics at the Naval Postgraduate School, she is the director of the Materials Science Center in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and a director of the Research Corporation.

Education and career
Haegel is originally from New Haven, Connecticut, but grew up in Ohio, where her father and mother worked as an accountant and Latin teacher, respectively.
She studied materials science and engineering at the University of Notre Dame, graduating as co-valedictorian. She continued the study of materials science and engineering as a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, supported by an NSF Graduate Fellowship, performing her research under the direction of Prof. Eugene Haller at the nearby Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Earning a master's degree along the way, she completed her Ph.D. at Berkeley in 1985, and became a postdoctoral researcher at the Siemens Research Laboratory in Germany.

Returning to the US, Haegel took a faculty position at the University of California, Los Angeles, as an assistant professor of materials science. She moved to Fairfield University, in part to be closer to her ailing mother, and ten years later moved back to California, taking a position as distinguished professor of physics at the Naval Postgraduate School. She moved again to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in 2014.

Recognition
In 2017, Haegel was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Topical Group on Energy Research and Applications, "for advances in the characterization and understanding of advanced semiconductor materials for clean energy, international space astronomy, and national security; and for inspiring and developing the next generation of scientific leaders through physics education and research". She is also a Humboldt Fellow, a Fulbright Scholar, and a Kellogg Foundation Fellow.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electronics engineers
American materials scientists
American women engineers
University of Notre Dame alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Fairfield University faculty
Naval Postgraduate School faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American women
HSwMS Hälsingland (J23). HSwMS Hälsingland (J23)  was the fourth ship of the .

Design

Due to time and cost, HSwMS Östergötland, like the other ships in the class, was built largely according to the drawings of the Öland-class destroyer. The length of the ship was 111.8 meters and the beam was 11.2 meters. Due to different equipment, however, the new vessels became about 200 tons heavier, which gave a draft of 3.7 meters, against the Öland-class of 3.4 meters. The machinery consisted of two oil-fired steam boilers of the Babcock & Wilcox brand, which supplied steam with a pressure of 32 bars to two steam turbines of the DeLaval brand, which in turn each operated a propeller. The machinery gave the effect 47,000 horsepower on the axles, which gave a top speed of 35 knots.

The main guns consisted of four 120 mm (4.7 in) guns m/44  placed in two double towers, one on the foredeck and one on the aft deck. From the beginning, the air defense consisted of seven 40 mm automatic cannons w / 48 E. These were placed two for the superstructure, one on each side amidships, and three on the aft bridge. Around 1965, the middle cannon on the aft bridge was replaced by the anti-aircraft missile Robot 07, and to increase the stability of the ship, the two cannons were removed at the same time amidships. For the same reason, all six torpedo tubes were also placed in a tube rack, having previously stood in two racks. There were also two submarine bombers and 58 mines on board.

History
Hälsingland was built at Götaverken in Gothenburg and was launched on 14 January 1957 and commissioned on 17 June 1959.

Gästrikland was decommissioned on 1 July 1982, after which her superstructure has been dismantled and transferred to Upper Norrland's military area, where they were intended to be used for invasion defense. However, she were never used but were later scrapped. The hull was used by disposal of FOA for explosive tests, before it was sold for scrap in Karlskrona.

References

Notes

Print

External links

Östergötland-class destroyers
Ships built in Gothenburg
1957 ships
Aquatrack. Aquatrack was developed by Glover Webb, which is a part of GKN Defense. The vehicle is a fully Amphibious Load Carrier with a 5 tonne cargo capacity, capable of carrying a vehicle, stores, or personnel on land and sea. Driven by its tracks or twin variable pitch propellers or both together, it can adapt to harsh environment such as mud, soft sand or frozen waste without any preparation. It moves from land into river, lake, or rough seas.

It is an original design featuring the same running gear as the latest version of the M113 armored personnel carrier. The Aquatrack is equipped with a hydraulically operated ramp incorporates a raised section to prevent swamping by a following sea, a ballast tank to maintain the trim, and a stern ramp, but also has a propeller for increased speed in the water. It is also equipped with GPS satellite positioning systems as standard and options include radar and communications equipment. The standard power unit is a 315 brake horsepower air-cooled 8 cylinder 13 litre diesel engine.

The vehicle can be fitted with a crane, a winch and cupola for light machine guns and is capable of being launched and recovered from a landing craft at sea.

Current operators

The only two vehicles sold by the British company GKN are operated by the Philippine Marine Corps due to their experience with Amphibious vehicles like the LVT and the LARC.One Vehicle retired and is on Display at Camp Bojeador Burgos, Ilocos Norte,

References

Philippine Marine Corps
Amphibious military vehicles