omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Anu Agarwal. Anuradha Murthy (Anu) Agarwal is an Indian-American electrical engineer specializing in photonic integrated circuits. She is a principal research scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in the Electronic Materials Research Group of MIT's Microphotonics Center and Materials Research Laboratory.

Education and career
Agarwal is originally from India; her mother was a botanist and her father was an academic and documentary filmmaker. She earned a doctorate in electrical engineering from Boston University in 1994. Next, she became a postdoctoral researcher at MIT, working there with Lionel Kimerling, and has remained there since, with the exception of three years from 2001 to 2004 working with Clarendon Photonics, where she was developing a novel optical filter.

Recognition
Agarwal was named a Fellow of Optica, in the 2022 class of fellows, "for pioneering contributions to integrated mid-infrared photonic sensing, detection, imaging, and leadership in training the next generation in photonics manufacturing".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian electrical engineers
Indian women engineers
American electronics engineers
21st-century American women engineers
21st-century American engineers
Optical engineers
Boston University College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of Optica (society)
Manganese stearate. Manganese stearate is a metal-organic compound, a salt of manganese and stearic acid with the chemical formula . The compound is classified as a metallic soap, i.e. a metal derivative of a fatty acid.

Synthesis
Manganese stearate is synthesized by the reaction of stearic acid with sodium hydroxide, followed by reacting with manganese chloride.

Also, the reaction of manganese(II) acetate with stearic acid.

Physical properties
The compound forms pale pink powder.

Insoluble in water.

Uses
The compound is used in organic synthesis reactions.

Also as an oxidant additive for oxo-biodegradable polymers (for example, high-density polyethylene).

References

Stearates
Manganese compounds
Zinc acetylacetonate. Zinc acetylacetonate is an acetylacetonate complex of zinc, with the chemical formula of . The compound is in fact a trimer, Zn3(acac)6, in which each Zn ion is coordinated by five oxygen atoms in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure.

Preparation 

Zinc acetylacetonate can be obtained by reacting zinc sulfate, acetylacetone and sodium hydroxide.

Properties 

Zinc acetylacetonate is a crystalline substance that is slightly soluble in water. Through sublimation, monomer crystals can be obtained, which are monoclinic and have the space group C2/c (No. 15). Trimeric crystals can also be obtained by sublimation, which is also monoclinic, with space group C2 (No. 5). The structures of its monohydrate and dihydrate are also known.

Reactions 

Zinc acetylacetonate hydrate has been used to prepare magnetic (Zn,Fe)Fe2O4 films, zinc oxide, and is also a catalyst for organic synthesis.

References 

Acetylacetonate complexes
Zinc compounds
Lead stearate. Lead stearate is a metal-organic compound, a salt of lead and stearic acid with the chemical formula . The compound is classified as a metallic soap, i.e. a metal derivative of a fatty acid. The compound is toxic.

Synthesis
The compound can be prepared by reacting stearic acid, lead(II) oxide, and a catalyst acetic acid.
 

Also, an exchange reaction between lead(II) acetate and sodium stearate:

Physical properties
White powder with a slight fatty odor. Sinks in water. Hygroscopic in air.

Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in hot ethanol.

Uses
The compound is used as a drier in oil paints and varnishes to speed the polymerization and oxidation processes. Also used as a lubricant and stabilizer in vinyl polymers and as a corrosion inhibitor in petroleum products.

References

Stearates
Lead(II) compounds
Wiley X. Wiley X is an American private company that designs and manufactures protective eyewear.

Overview 
In 1987, U.S. Army Veteran Myles R. Freeman Sr. founded the company Protective Optics, Inc. in Daly City, California by creating shooting glasses for several FBI agents from one office.

In 1990, the company began producing protective eyewear and sunglasses for civilian needs, e.g. in motorsport, cycling, fishing, hunting, and industrial manufacturing. In November 2007, Protective Optics, Inc. changed its name to Wiley X, Inc.

The company moved the headquarters in 2010 to a building in Livermore, California where it remained until moving to Frisco, Texas in 2022.

Wiley X has partnerships with professional athletes, non-profits and the entertainment industry over.

Protection Standards 
In a book Battle Rattle (2006 Windrow & Greene) by Hans Halberstadt the author states that the 82nd Airborne Division was the first one to buy Wiley X in bulk, ordering thousands of the SG-1s goggles, originally developed for Ranger regiment, shortly after deploying in Afghanistan in spring 2002.

Wiley X is eyewear meets the ANSI Z87.1+ standards for clarity, high-velocity and high mass impacts.

Appearance in movies and TV 
American Sniper
Army of the Dead
Bright (2017)
SWAT
The Office:
Big Little Lies

References 

Eyewear brands
Welder (disambiguation). A welder is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together.

Welder may also refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 Welder (album), a 2010 album by Elizabeth Cook
 The Welder, a 2021 American horror film

People
 Welder (footballer) (b. 1969), a former Brazilian football player
 Weldinho, or Welder da Silva Marçal, a Brazilian football player
 Welder Knaf (b. 1981), a Brazilian para table tennis player
 Thomas Welder (1940–2020), an American educator and nun

Other uses
 Welding power supply, a machine used to power arc welding procedures
 Welder Wildlife Foundation, a wildlife foundation in Texas
Sandrine Blazy. Sandrine Blazy is a French computer scientist known for her research in the formal verification of compilers, and especially for her work as a developer of CompCert, a compiler for a large subset of C99 that is "the first industrial-strength compiler with a mechanically checked proof of correctness". She is a professor at the University of Rennes and deputy director of IRISA, the Institut de recherche en informatique et systèmes aléatoires of the University of Rennes and the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

Education and career
Blazy studied computer science as an undergraduate through the École nationale supérieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise (ENSIIE) and Sorbonne University, earning both an engineering degree from ENSIIE and a master's degree from the Sorbonne in 1990. She completed a Ph.D. in 1993, and received a habilitation in 2008 at the University of Évry Val d'Essonne.

She worked as a lecturer at ENSIIE from 1994 to 2009, when she moved to her present position as a professor at the University of Rennes. She became deputy director of IRISA in 2021.

Recognition
Blazy was part of a group of software developers honored twice by the Association for Computing Machinery for their work on CompCert, with the 2021 ACM Software System Award and the 2022 ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award.

In 2023, Blazy received the CNRS Silver Medal.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
French computer scientists
French women computer scientists
Academic staff of the University of Rennes
Dische test. The Dische test, or Dische reaction, is used to distinguish DNA from RNA. It was invented by Zacharias Dische.

Method

Dische's diphenylamine reagent consists of diphenylamine, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and ethanol.

When heated with DNA, it turns blue in the presence of DNA. A more intense blue color indicates a greater concentration of DNA.

Mechanism
The acid converts deoxyribose to a molecule that binds with diphenylamine to form a blue substance. The reagent does not interact with RNA, so can be used to distinguish DNA from RNA.

See also
Bial's test

References

Analytical reagents
Genetics techniques
List of countries by air pollution. The following list of countries by air pollution sorts the countries of the world according to their average measured concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) in micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3). The World Health Organization's recommended limit is 5 micrograms per cubic meter, although there are also various national guideline values, which are often much higher. Air pollution is among the biggest health problems of modern industrial society and is responsible for more than 10 percent of all deaths worldwide (nearly 4.5 million premature deaths in 2019), according to The Lancet. Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike. Air pollution is a particularly big problem in emerging and developing countries, where global environmental standards often cannot be met. The data in this list refers only to outdoor air quality and not indoor air quality, which caused an additional two million premature deaths in 2019.

2022 list  (UChicago AQLI 2022)

All data are valid for the year 2022 and are taken from the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) of the University of Chicago. In addition to particulate matter pollution, the modeled potential loss of life expectancy of the population due to particulate matter pollution is given.

List (2018−2023)

All data are valid for the year 2018-2023 and are taken from the IQAir 2023 World Air Quality Ranking

References

External links 
 IQAir World Air Quality Ranking

Countries
Countries
Countries
Countries
Pollution
Countries
Ataman A092H6. Ataman A092H6 is a high-floor midibus manufactured at Cherkasy Autobus factory in Ukraine.

History 
Cherkasy Autobus factory, part of Isuzu Ataman, had been producing their A092 bus for over a decade and it was very popular among the customers however the company had to stay up-to-date with a modern safety and ecological regulations so they decided to develop a its replacement that will fit the Euro-5 standards.

February 6, 2016 the company presented Ataman A092H6, its design was updated to match the newly produced Ataman A096 tour bus. The H letter in the name was referring to the modification of the previous A092 which had a wider rear entrance for disabled people, the new bus had two wider entrances and the doors were now opening to the outside instead of the inside, there was also a place for a wheelchair in the salon. Also A092H6 featured an electric informer board to display the bus route number and final stops.

Next year Ataman presented the intercity variation of the bus. It had one automatic and one hand-opening door and luggage compartment. After the testing it was put in serial production.

Another modification was unveiled in 2020. The new Ataman DA9016 was very similar to D093 school bus but had a four wheel drive and a safety belts on the passenger seats.

Modifications 
 Ataman A092H6 – base model with automatic doors
 Ataman A09216 and D09216 – intercity variations with one automatic door and one hand-opening door
 Ataman DA9016 – 4x4 intercity variation with one automatic door and one hand-opening door

References

External links 

Cherkasy Bus Plant, list of buses in production

Minibuses
Single-deck buses
Vehicles introduced in 2016
Buses
Buses of Ukraine
Transport in Ukraine
Richard G. Stein. Richard G. Stein (1916-1990) was an American architect.

Biography
Stein was born in Chicago in 1916. He attended the New York University and Harvard University to study architecture. During the World War II, he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He was married to Ethel, and they had a son, Carl.

His architectural work was surrounded by designs that conserve energy use. He found out that with a careful use of building materials and design, one can decrease energy use by 20 percent. In 1977, he published a book, Architecture and Energy, on this subject.

Between 1946 and 1960, Stein joined the founding principals, Read Weber, Sidney Waisman Katz, and Taina Waisman Katz, of architectural firm Katz Waisman & Weber expanding the firm to Katz Waisman Blumenkranz Stein Weber, Architects Associated. He founded his firm, the Stein Partnership, in 1961.

Stein was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He died in 1990 in Tarrytown, New York at the age of 73.

Bibliography
 Architecture and Energy (1977)
 Handbook of Energy Use for Building Construction (1980)

References

American architects
20th-century American writers
Harvard University alumni

1916 births
1990 deaths
YF-90. The YF-90 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a staged combustion cycle. It is China's first hydrogen-oxygen engine to use the staged combustion cycle and is expected to be used for the second stage of the Long March 9, which is a three-stage rocket with boosters. The engine has advanced features such as variable thrust, multiple ignitions, and automatic fault diagnosis.

History 
On July 28, 2021, the engine's manufacturer, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) completed the first YF-90 engineering prototype.

On September 23, 2021, the engine successfully underwent its first semi-system test. The YF -90 engine is one of the key technologies for China's deep space exploration ambitions.

In 2023, CASC plans to conduct more tests on the YF-90 engine, as well as on its first-stage counterpart, the YF-130 engine. The YF-130 is a liquid kerosene-oxygen rocket engine with a thrust of 500 tonnes. Both engines are expected to be ready for flight by 2025.

On December 17, 2024, the engine successfully underwent its first full system test.

References

Rocket engines using hydrogen propellant
Rocket engines of China
Rocket engines using the staged combustion cycle
Ayman El-Baz. Ayman El-Baz is an American bioengineer. He is the Chair of the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Louisville's J. B. Speed School of Engineering. El-Baz is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and National Academy of Inventors.

Early life and education
El-Baz completed his Bachelor of Science and Master's degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering at Mansoura University before moving to the United States and earning his PhD at the University of Louisville (UofL) in 2006.

Career
Upon completing his PhD, El-Baz remained at UofL as an associate professor in their J. B. Speed School of Engineering and School of Medicine. In this role, he began investigating a non-invasive, less expensive way to detect signs of renal rejection. As such, he collaborated with Amy Dwyer and Garth Beache to develop RenalCAD, which uses an MRI instead of a biopsy to find signs of renal rejection. In 2011, he collaborated with PulmoCAD, LLC to create a computer-aided diagnostic method and software for early detection of lung cancer. The following year, he co-patented his co-created system for detecting nodules in CT scans of various tissues. He continued to research non-invasive, less expensive way to detect early signs of diseases which accumulated in a system to "identify individuals who have specific defects in distinct brain circuits" and prevent those circuits from sustaining further damage or dying in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. His efforts were recognized internally by UofL with one of their 2019 Awards for Outstanding Scholarship, Research and Creative Activity. He was also recognized internationally with an election to the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering for "outstanding achievement in medical imaging and outstanding leadership in education, scholarship,
and service to the field of bioengineering."

In 2020, El-Baz developed a non-invasive methodology to detect autism within the first year of life. In his pilot study, he was able to test over 1200 patients with a 94% diagnostic accuracy. His overall efforts into early detection earned him an election to the National Academy of Inventors.

References

External links

Living people

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Louisville faculty
University of Louisville alumni
Mansoura University alumni
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors
Markus Duesmann. Markus Bernhard Duesmann (born 1969) is a German automotive manager and was Chairman of the Board of Management of Audi from 2020 to 2023. As a member of the Board of Management of the Volkswagen Group, he was responsible for Audi, Bentley, Ducati, and Lamborghini, too.

Early life and education 
Duesmann spent his childhood in Rheine, Westphalia. After graduating from high school (1988), he studied mechanical engineering at the Münster University of Applied Sciences in Steinfurt until 1991.

Career 
Duesmann began his career as an engineer at Mercedes-Benz in Stuttgart. Later he moved to the development service provider FEV in Aachen. There he headed the engine division. In 2004, Duesmann returned to Stuttgart to DaimlerChrysler, the parent company of Mercedes-Benz. In 2005 he became head of development for the F1 engines at McLaren-Mercedes.

At the beginning of 2007, Duesmann joined the BMW Group. There he was initially responsible for engine development for the BMW Sauber F1 team. He then worked his way into BMW's series production development. In 2016, Duesmann was appointed to the Board of Management of the BMW Group. Under his leadership, the company signed a billion-dollar collaboration with CATL.

In 2020, Duesmann was appointed to the Board of Management of the Volkswagen Group. The same year, he became Chairman of the Board of Management of Audi, which is part of the Volkswagen Group. Duesmann's main task was realigning the company after the diesel scandal. He called for a faster transition to battery electric vehicles (BEV) and set a definite end date for the production of ICE models at Audi. In 2022, he announced Audi's entry into Formula One starting 2026.

Duesmann left the company in 2023. He was succeeded by Gernot Döllner as Chairman of the Board of Management of Audi.

Other boards 
While working for Volkswagen and Audi, Duesmann has assumed further mandates in Group companies. Furthermore, Duesmann was elected to the supervisory board of FC Bayern Munich AG in 2021; he was appointed second chairman of the board.

References

External links 
 The CEO Magazine: Driving Change: Markus Duesmann
 2021 Eurostars: Markus Duesmann by Automotive News Europe

1969 births
Living people
Chief executives in the automobile industry
Audi people
20th-century German businesspeople
21st-century German businesspeople
People from Borken (district)
Erik Aslaksen. Erik Waldemar Aslaksen FRSN (born 2 November 1938 in Oslo, Norway) is a systems engineer and physicist. After serving in the Norwegian Airforce, he obtained an MSc in electrical engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in 1962, a Graduate Study Certificate from Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1965 and a PhD in theoretical physics from Lehigh University in 1968.

He has worked in the US, Switzerland and Australia in roles ranging from basic research to corporate management, including twelve years as adjunct professor at the University of Technology, Sydney. He is the author of numerous books, book chapters, and journal articles.  In recent years, he has investigated the foundations of systems engineering. and the evolution of social systems.

He is a Fellow of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales.

References

1938 births
Living people
Mecway. Mecway is a finite-element analysis (FEA) application for Windows. which focuses on mechanical and thermal simulation. For thermal simulation, it allows convection, radiation boundary conditions, and temperature dependent thermal properties. Structural (mechanical) analysis capabilities are linear static, non-linear static, multi-body contact, dynamic, composite materials, modal analysis and buckling. There is also acoustic modal analysis.

Mecway imports STEP files and meshes generated by Netgen and Gmsh and DXF.

It is low cost or free but limited to 1000 nodes.

Usage
The procedure to build a model involves selecting global properties such as "dynamic response axisymmetric", importing or creating the geometry, defining one or more components and material properties for each, applying loads and constraints, and finally solving. A mesh can be created by defining nodes by their coordinates then clicking those node to create elements connecting them, as well as subdividing a coarse mesh by different amounts in each direction. After solving, a deformed view, animation, and exporting to a CSV file are available.

Applications

 Cephalopod shells under hydrostatic pressure and bite forces.
 Technique for thermal transient nondestructive evaluation of plates.
 Comparison between goat skin and X-ray film for natural frequencies of a drum membrane.
 3D electrostatic potential for scanning tunneling microscopy-induced luminescence.

Benchmarks
For a thin shell wall in pure bending, Mecway's deflection and stress were found to have 2% and 6% deviation from the reference solution respectively, compared to 0.02% and 0.2% for ANSYS.

For an axisymmetric pressure vessel, the axial stress reported by Mecway had 0.2% deviation from the reference solution, compared to 0.03% for ANSYS.

For a thick-walled spherical pressure vessel, Mecway's radial and hoop stress at the internal surface were both found to have 1% deviation from the reference solution, compared to 0.05-0.1% for ANSYS.

References

Finite element software
Silver hypochlorite. Silver hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula  (also written as AgClO). It is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic ion hypochlorite. The compound is very unstable and rapidly decomposes. It is the silver(I) salt of hypochlorous acid. The salt consists of silver(I) cations () and hypochlorite anions ().

Synthesis
Bubbling chlorine through an aqueous suspension of silver oxide.

Reaction of hypochlorous acid with silver nitrate produces silver hypochlorite and nitric acid.

Chemical properties
Silver hypochlorite is very unstable, and its solution will soon disproportionate into silver chlorate and silver chloride:

If the AgOCl solution is heated to 60 °C, it will rapidly disproportionate. Adding silver oxide stabilizes the solution.

References

Hypochlorites
Silver compounds
List of state highways in Minas Gerais. This is a list of the state highways in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

State highways (MG)

Radial highways

North-south highways

East-west highways

Diagonal highways

Link highways

Local Link Highways (LMGs)

Access highways (AMGs)

References

External links
2021 map

Highways in Minas Gerais
Highways, state