omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Leeds Midland Road depot. Leeds Midland Road depot is a locomotive and rolling stock maintenance facility located in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The site is located a few miles to the south-east of Leeds station on the line between Leeds and Castleford. Owned and operated by Freightliner, it is the heavy maintenance facility for its diesel and electric locomotives and wagon fleet.

History
Leeds Midland Road depot was opened in 2003 by London & North Western Railway (LNWR) as a maintenance facility to maintain the Freightliner Class 66 fleet under a ten-year contract. and was located on the former Balm Road sidings that had been used to offload quarry products. LNWR were contracted to maintain up to 30 class 66 locomotives that worked in the Yorkshire area at the site, with heavier maintenance being carried out by Electro-Motive. In 2006, Freightliner Maintenance Limited (FML) was formed and assumed control of operations at Leeds. FML is a subsidiary of the Freightliner Group and was instituted when the number of locomotives and wagons the company leased or owned increased with an upsurge in traffic. Besides being a central point for maintaining the class 66 and Class 70 fleets, both classes are based from here and the facility undertakes wagon maintenance.

The site has a total of ten roads the shed has two covered roads that have pits beneath them to allow access to the underside of wagons and locomotives, whilst the fuelling point also has two roads, but only one of these is covered. Outside of these, there are a further five roads for storage and maintenance. A  crane spans roads 3 and 4 to allow for wheelset changes on locomotives and wagons.

As the site is  north of Stourton Freightliner Terminal, locomotives in need of repair (or electric locomotives) are often hauled dead-in-train (DiT) to Stourton and transferred to Midland Road for servicing or repair. Locomotives on routine maintenance find their way to Midland Road by hauling scheduled services. Besides the container trains passing through Stourton to the south, many Heavy Haul trains run past the depot too, which makes switching locomotives easy and cost-effective.

With the downturn in tonnages of coal moved by railfreight in the United Kingdom, several examples of Class 70 locomotives have been stored on the non-maintenance sidings that border the running lines to the south.

In November 2017, Freightliner opened up a new maintenance facility at Crewe Basford Hall that has taken on some of the work previously undertaken at Leeds Midland Road, particularly the electric locomotives as there is no overhead wire access into Midland Road. The heavier maintenance work will still be carried at Leeds though.

The site is under threat from the High Speed 2 (HS2) project into central Leeds. The draft environmental statement for the West Midlands to Leeds arm of the HS2 line states that

Notes

References

Sources

External links

Video of the site

Railway depots in Yorkshire
Rail transport in West Yorkshire
Transport infrastructure completed in 2003
Buildings and structures in Leeds
William Webster (chemical engineer). William Webster (1855–1910) was an English chemical engineer credited with developments in gas detection, sewage treatment and medical use of x-rays. A gifted artist and musician, Webster also helped found the Blackheath Concert Halls and the adjacent Conservatoire in Blackheath in south-east London during the 1890s.

Career

Webster was the son of William Webster, a successful building contractor who grew wealthy from constructing major civil engineering and building projects in London. The family lived from 1869 in Wyberton House in Lee Terrace, Blackheath.

The younger William Webster trained as a chemical engineer. A fellow of the Chemical Society, he patented a system to detect hydrogenous gases in mines in 1876, and later developed a system for the electrolytic purification of sewage (patent application filed on 22 December 1887; US patent awarded on 19 February 1889), trialled in 1888 at the Crossness Southern Outfall works which had been built by his father's firm in the 1860s.

Webster was also a pioneer in x-ray research and a founder member of the Röntgen Society (since 1927 part of the British Institute of Radiology), assisting surgeon Thomas Moore in producing radiographs in 1896, after which Moore set up an x-ray unit at the Miller General Hospital in Greenwich High Road. Webster is also believed to be the first person to experience radiation 'sunburn', suffered on his right hand. He wrote a letter on the subject of x-ray photography published in the journal Nature in 1897.

Webster was an accomplished violinist, singer, and artist - his paintings were exhibited in the Summer Exhibition at the Royal Academy. In 1881 local residents formed the Blackheath Conservatoire of Music, and Webster founded the company which funded the building of a concert hall, today Blackheath Halls, and its neighbouring schools for art and music, the Blackheath Conservatoire. The Conservatoire of Music opened in 1896 and the School of Art in 1897.

References

Chemical engineering
1855 births
1910 deaths
English patrons of the arts
British chemical engineers
People from Lee, London
X-ray pioneers
19th-century English philanthropists
John J. Fruin. John J. Fruin is an engineer, urban planner, and author known for his work in the field of crowd science. In 1983, he received the American Society of Civil Engineers Transportation Engineering Award.

Early life and education
His parents were Mr. and Mrs. John Fruin, who lived in Brooklyn, New York. In 1951, he received a B.C.E degree from Manhattan College. He attended Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, where he received his M.C.E, M.S., and PhD degrees.

Career
He evaluated personal comfort zones of individuals in different situations, which is affected by national culture, the degree to which people are intimate with one another, mental health, and other factors. He coined the terms "intimate distance", the narrowest zone; "touch zone"; "no touch zone"; and the widest zone, "personal comfort zone". Fruin was a consultant to the investigation into The Who concert disaster of 1979. He also was an adjunct professor at Polytechnic. Now retired, he was formerly employed as a research engineer by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 

For his research on pedestrian traffic, he received the American Society of Civil Engineers Transportation Engineering Award in 1983. He was a member of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, a Fellow of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, and a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Personal life
Fruin married fellow Brooklyn resident, Rita Murray, in the spring of 1952. He has lived in Massapequa, New York.

Publications

References

Further reading

 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey people
Crowds
Pedestrian infrastructure
People from Massapequa, New York
Fellows of the American Society of Civil Engineers
Manhattan College alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
HAF601. The HAF601 is a regulation in the People's Republic of China dealing with the manufacture of safety class equipment for the Chinese nuclear power market. All domestic Chinese firms manufacturing mechanical equipment of Safety Class 1, 2, or 3, or electrical equipment of safety Class 1E, must obtain HAF601 registration before supplying such equipment to a Chinese nuclear power plant. This regulation also applies to international (i.e. non-Chinese) firms producing equipment from a factory within China. For equipment manufactured outside of China and imported into the country, a HAF 604 certificate is required instead. HAF stands for "he anquan fagui" (核安全法) and means "nuclear safety laws" in Chinese. The HAF system has been applied in the Chinese nuclear industry since 2007, and has gradually replaced use of the ASME Stamp system.

The HAF601 is governed and administered by the Chinese nuclear safety regulatory authority, the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA). This should not be confused with the United States' National Nuclear Security Administration, which shares the same acronym.

See also
 National Nuclear Safety Administration
 ASME

References

Nuclear power in China
Nuclear technology in China
Environmental law in China
Nuclear safety and security
Safety codes
Trade in China
William Lancaster Owen. William Lancaster Owen (8 November 1843 - 28 November 1911) was a British civil engineer primarily with the Great Western Railway.

Career
In 1868 he took a commission as a First Lieutenant in the 1st Gloucestershire Engineer Volunteer Corps which he held until 29 October 1873.

He entered the service of the Great Western Railway as assistant engineer in 1865. In 1872 he was Engineer to the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company, but returned to the Great Western Railway in 1875 where he remained until retirement in 1891.

He was responsible for some important works on the Great Western Railway including the rebuilding of Newport railway station in 1878, Torquay railway station in 1878 and Penzance railway station in 1879, and also the conversion from broad gauge to standard gauge of the Hereford to Bristol line with J.W. Armstrong. In 1885 he succeeded his father as Chief Civil Engineer of the Great Western Railway.

He was elected an Associate of the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1874 and made a Member on 28 March 1882.

Personal life
He was born at Bath on 8 November 1843, the son of William George Owen (1810-1885) (Chief Civil Engineer of the Great Western Railway 1868-1885) and Amelia Sarah Martin (1818 - 1896).

He married Helen Evans, second daughter of William Evans on 24 May 1871 at St Woollos Church and they had two children:
William Cecil Owen (1872 - 1959)
Helen Mary Lancaster Owen (1883 - 1941)

He lived in retirement at 26 Cornwall Gardens, London and died in 1911 aged 68 leaving an estate of £17,868 ().

References

English civil engineers
1843 births
1911 deaths
People from Bath, Somerset
Great Western Railway people
Victor Pelson. Victor A. Pelson (1937-2012) was an American executive and businessman.

Background
Pelson graduated from the New Jersey Institute of Technology in 1959 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering. In 1988, NJIT awarded him the Edward F. Weston Medal. He received an Honorary Doctor of Science from the university in 2001, and served on the Board of Trustees for fourteen years.
He also served as the Chairman of the New Jersey State Chamber of Congress from 1989 to 1991.

Pelson began his career at Western Electric and held various positions at AT&T Corporation. In 1993, he was named the Chief Operating Officer and Chairman of the Global Operations Team at AT&T. He also served as a member of the Board of Directors. In 1996, he retired from AT&T Corporation.

He also served as a member of the board of United Parcel Service from 1990-2008, Director of Eaton Corporation from 1999 until 2010, and Director of Acterna Corporation.

In 2001, he was named Chairman of the Board at Carrier1. He served as a Senior Advisor of both UBS Securities, LLC and Dillon, Read & Co. He served as Director of Dun & Bradstreet Corporation until 2010.

Pelson died on October 29, 2012.

References

1937 births
2012 deaths
New Jersey Institute of Technology alumni
Max Lillie. Max Lillie (1881 – September 15, 1913) was a Swedish born American pioneer aviator and flight instructor.

He went to an engineering university in his native country and served in the Swedish navy. He immigrated to the United States in 1904 and settled in St. Louis. In America he worked for an engineering and or construction company in St. Louis and in time formed his own construction company. In 1911 Lillie and Andrew Drew, a newspaper friend, got involved in aviation and formed an airplane company. They were joined by Walter Brookins, a former Wright Brothers pilot who taught Lillie to fly. Lillie soloed on October 23, 1911 and achieved ACA(Aero Club of America) certificate #73.

In the fall of 1911 Lillie gained total control of his airplane company venture and took his aircraft to the warmer climate of Atlanta, Georgia for the winter of 1911-12 returning to Chicago in the spring of 1912. Throughout the Spring and Summer of 1912 Lillie established his reputation as a flight instructor as well as a pilot carrying passengers and continuing exhibition flying. He completed Katherine Stinson's flight training on Wright Model B's after Wilbur Wright's death May 30, 1912. On September 14, 1912 he tried out for Expert Pilot License #1.

Lillie died in a plane crash September 15, 1913, in Galesburg, Illinois.

References

External links
CICERO FLYING FIELD by Carroll Gray
portraits of Max at the Cicero Filed (Carroll Gray collection)

1881 births
1913 deaths
American aviators
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1913
Swedish emigrants to the United States
Specific pump power. Specific Pump Power (SPP) is a metric in fluid dynamics that quantifies the energy-efficiency of pump systems. It is a measure of the electric power that is needed to operate a pump (or collection of pumps), relative to the volume flow rate. It is not constant for a given pump, but changes with both flow rate and pump pressure. This term 'SPP' is adapted from the established metric Specific fan power (SFP) for fans (blowers). It is commonly used when measuring the energy efficiency of buildings.

Definition
The SPP for a specific operating point (combination of flow rate and pressure rise) for a pump system is defined as:

where:
  is the electrical power used by the pump (or sum of all pumps in a system or subsystem)  [kW]
  is the volumetric flow rate of fluid passing through the pump (or system)  [m3/s], Some countries use [l/s]

Just as for SFP (i.e. fan power), SPP is also related to pump pressure (pump head) and the pump system efficiency, as follows:

where:
  is the rise in total pressure across the pump system, aka. pump head  [kPa]. This is a property of the fluid circuit in which the pump is placed.
  is the overall efficiency of the pump system  [-]. This is the combined product of multiple losses, including bearing friction, impeller fluid dynamic losses, leakage losses (backflow), all losses in the motor (friction, magnetic losses, copper losses, stray load), and losses in the speed control electronics (for variable-speed pumps). The pump system efficiency is therefore not fixed, but depends on the operating point (flow and pressure).

This equation is simply an application of Bernoulli's principle in the case where the inlet and outlet have the same diameter and same height. Observe that SPP is not a property of the pump alone, but is also dependent on the pressure drop of the circuit that the pump circulates fluid through. Thus, in order to minimize energy use for pump system, one must reduce the system pressure drop (e.g. use large diameter pipes and low flow rates) in addition to selecting pumps with good intrinsic efficiency (hydrodynamically efficient with an efficient motor).

Applying the above equations enables us to estimate electrical power consumption in a number of ways:

where:
  is the hydraulic power () [kW]

See also
 Pump
 Thermodynamic pump testing
 Specific fan power
 Efficient energy use

References

Pumps
SS Afric. SS Afric was a steamship built for White Star Line by Harland and Wolff shipyards. She was of the , had a reported gross register tonnage of 11,948, and had a port of registry of Liverpool, England. Afric was launched on November 16, 1898, and was involved in shipping between Liverpool and Australia.

Afric was the first of five Jubillee-class ships built by White Star Line for their new service to Australia, the others were , ,  and . Afric was a single-funnel liner with a capacity for 320 third-class passengers on three decks, she also had substantial cargo capacity with seven cargo holds, most of them refrigerated for the transport of Australian meat.

Service history
Afric made her maiden voyage on 8 February 1899, between Liverpool and New York; this was considered a test run, and when she returned she underwent further work to prepare her for her intended career on the Australia service. She entered service between Liverpool and Sydney via Cape Town on 9 September 1899.

During the Boer War from 1900 to 1902, Afric was used to transport troops and horses to South Africa on the outbound part of her journey, returning them to the UK on the return journey.

Following the conclusion of the war, Afric settled into the routine of normal peacetime service, which was mostly uneventful, except for one incident in November 1913 when she ran aground and became stuck on a sandbank in the River Mersey whilst leaving the Canada Dock at Liverpool. After several unsuccessful attempts to free her, she was eventually pulled off the sandbank by tugs at high tide after her cargo had been removed by barges to lighten the ship. 

Following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Afric was requisitioned by the Australian government in October 1914 for use as a troopship and was given the designation HMAT (His Majesty's Australian Transport) A19.
In April/May 1915, she was refitted at Sydney to carry 549 troops and 500 horses. She completed six troopship voyages up to November 1916,  however on 12 February 1917 she was sunk in the English Channel after being torpedoed by the German submarine , whilst sailing outbound between Liverpool and Plymouth,  south south-west of the Eddystone Lighthouse, there were 145 survivors, but 22 people lost their lives.

Wreck

The wreck lies at the position () at a depth of around , and has been filmed by divers.

References

External links
 

1898 ships
Maritime incidents in 1917
Ships built in Belfast
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Ships of the White Star Line
World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel
Vinyl propionate. Vinyl propionate is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CO2CH=CH2.  This colorless liquid is the ester of propionic acid and vinyl alcohol.  It is used to produce poly(vinyl propionate) as well as copolymers with acrylate esters,
vinyl chloride, and vinyl acetate, some of which are used in paints.  The compound resembles vinyl acetate.  

Since vinyl alcohol is not available, vinyl propionate is produced by the addition of propionic acid to acetylene.  The reaction is catalyzed by carbon and zinc salts.

References

Monomers
Propionate esters
Commodity chemicals
Vinyl esters
High-voltage transformer fire barriers. High-voltage transformer fire barriers, also known as transformer firewalls, transformer ballistic firewalls, or transformer blast walls, are outdoor countermeasures against a fire or explosion involving a single transformer from damaging adjacent transformers. These barriers compartmentalize transformer fires and explosions involving combustible transformer oil.  

High-voltage transformer fire barriers are typically located in electrical substations, but may also be attached to buildings, such as valve halls or manufacturing plants with large electrical distribution systems, such as pulp and paper mills. Outdoor transformer fire barriers that are attached at least on one side to a building are referred to as wing walls.

Voluntary recommendations by NFPA 850
The primary North American document that deals with outdoor high-voltage transformer fire barriers is NFPA 850. NFPA 850 outlines that outdoor oil-insulated transformers should be separated from adjacent structures and from each other by firewalls, spatial separation, or other approved means for the purpose of limiting the damage and potential spread of fire from a transformer failure.

Automatic fire suppression systems
Instead of a passive barrier, fire protection water spray systems are sometimes used to cool a transformer to prevent damage if exposed to radiation heat transfer from a fire involving oil released from another transformer that has failed.

Transformer Fast Depressurization Systems (FDS)
Mechanical systems designed to quickly depressurize the transformer oil tank after the occurrence of an electrical fault  can minimize the chance that a transformer tank will rupture given a minor fault, but are not effective on major internal faults.

Alternatives to mineral-based transformer oil
Transformer oil is available in with sufficiently low combustibility that a fire will not continue after an internal electrical fault. These fluids include those approved by FM Global. FM Data Sheet 5-4 indicates different levels of protection depending on the type of fluid used. Alternatives include, but are not limited to, esters and silicone oil.

See also

 Arc fault
 Cascading failure
 Electrical power distribution
 Fire test
 Firewall (construction)
 North American Electric Reliability Corporation
 Passive fire protection

References

Armour
Electric power conversion
Electric transformers
Energy infrastructure
Explosions
Infrastructure
Passive fire protection
Security engineering
NB-Fi. NB-Fi Protocol is an open LPWAN protocol, which operates in unlicensed ISM radio band. Using the NB-Fi Protocol in devices allows data transmission range of up to 10 km in dense urban conditions, and up to 30 km in rural areas with up to 10 years on battery power.

NB-Fi Protocol is developed by WAVIoT.

Technology 
NB-Fi Protocol employs a Narrow Band technology that enables communication using the Industrial, Scientific and Medical ISM radio band (and in other parts of sub-GHz license-free spectrum as well).

NB-Fi devices could be manufactured using widespread electronic components which could easily be manufactured or purchased in every particular country. WAVIoT has developed an NB-Fi transceiver that encapsulates the NB-Fi protocol at a physical layer.

The NB-Fi transceiver supports 430–500 MHz and 860–925 MHz frequency bands at 50 to 25,600 bit/s data rates.

The network is based on one-hop star topology and requires a SDR-technology base stations to operate. The signal can also be used to easily cover large areas and to reach underground objects.

Implementation 
NB-Fi Protocol stack is currently implemented on: 
 STM32L0x/STM32L4x Series microcontrollers (manufacturer: STMicroelectronics) with NB-Fi transceiver (manufacturer: WAVIoT) or AX5043 transceiver (manufacturer: ON Semiconductor);
 AX8052F143 with AX8052 MCU and AX5043 RF transceiver (manufacturer: ON Semiconductor).

References 

Wireless networking
Future Generation Computer Systems. Future Generation Computer Systems is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of computer engineering. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Michela Taufer (University of Tennessee). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2019 impact factor of 7.187.

References

External links

Computer science journals
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Elsevier academic journals
Publications with year of establishment missing