omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Airship N.S.11 crash. The Airship NS11 crash was an airship accident which occurred on 15 July 1919. The Royal Air Force (RAF) airship exploded off the east coast of England over the North Sea, killing all nine crew on board.

Aircraft
NS11 was one of 14 North Sea-class airships ordered by the Royal Navy for the Royal Naval Air Service, but by the time NS11 was delivered in September 1918, the Royal Naval Air Service had been amalgamated with the Royal Flying Corps to form the RAF. The airship was built and tested at RNAS Kingsnorth near Kingsnorth in Kent. She was fitted with two 260 hp (195 kW) Fiat engines and had an envelope with a capacity of  cubic feet. Prior to the accident, she had made voyages of more than 1000 miles (1600 km) over the North Sea, setting a world record for non-rigid airships.

Accident
NS11 had taken off from RAF Pulham in Pulham St Mary, Norfolk, around midnight on the night of 14/15 July 1919 and was heading over the North Sea on a mine-hunting patrol. In the early hours of 15 July, she was seen to fly beneath a long "greasy black cloud" off the village of Cley next the Sea on the Norfolk coast when locals reported an abnormal noise from her engines (which may have suggested she was experiencing engine trouble). She was returning towards the coast when she exploded into a ball of flames, causing a vivid glare lasting for several minutes as the burning airship descended, plunging into the sea after a second explosion. None of the nine crew members on board the airship survived. The Sheringham lifeboat was launched but its crew could only find a small part of the aluminium wreckage.

The accident occurred less than 48 hours after the airship R34 arrived at RAF Pulham after a successful double-crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, including the first-ever east–west crossing by air.

Cause
The findings of the official Court of Enquiry were inconclusive, but amongst other possibilities it was thought that a lightning strike may have caused the explosion.

Aftermath
There is a memorial plaque and drinking fountain in the grounds of the Viaduct Sports & Social Club in Earlestown, Merseyside. The names of the crew are commemorated on Hollybrook Memorial, Southampton. One of the crew was buried at Ann's Hill Cemetery in Gosport.

See also
 R38-class airship
 R101
 List of airship accidents
 History of the Royal Navy

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1919
Aviation accidents and incidents in Norfolk
Accidents and incidents involving balloons and airships
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
Accidents and incidents involving Royal Air Force aircraft
1919 in England
Aviation accidents and incidents in the North Sea
20th century in Norfolk
1919 disasters in the United Kingdom
Hyrel 3D. Hyrel 3D is a company which manufactures 3D Printers for home, office and industrial settings, and is based in Atlanta, GA. Hyrel 3D makes modular manufacturing machines that are capable of additive and subtractive processes, including fused deposition modeling. These systems use interchangeable heads that are used to create three-dimensional solid or hollow objects from a digital model, which can be designed or produced from a scan.

History

Hyrel 3D was conceived when a team of engineers bought a 3D printer to prototype parts, and decided they had the expertise to do better.

The company sought initial backing through a Kickstarter campaign, launched on September 6, 2012, which received over 300% of the $50,000.00 funding goal.

Products

Hyrel 3D offers four machines: 

 The Engine, with an open build space
 The System 30M, with an enclosed build area and filtration system
 16A - Hydra, floor unit with 5 print head slots (larger build area)
 The Engine HR, a high resolution machine with enhanced precision

Materials

The Hyrel 3D Printers can print with the following materials as of October, 2013:

Filament Based
 ABS
 PLA
 PET
 Nylon
 Peek

Extrudable
 Standard:
 Rubber (Sugru)
 RTV silicone (Room Temperature Vulcanizing)
 Ceramic Modelling clay
 Reusable:
 Oil-Based Modelling clay (Plasticine)
 Polymer Clay
 Play-Doh
 Firable:
 Porcelain
 Metal clay, including Precious Metal Clay

See also
 3D printing or Rapid manufacturing 
 Additive manufacturing
 Desktop manufacturing
 Digital fabricator
 Instant manufacturing, also known as "direct manufacturing" or "on-demand manufacturing"
 List of 3D printer manufacturers
 Stereolithography

References

External links
 Hyrel 3D Website

3D printer companies
Manufacturing companies based in Atlanta
Fused filament fabrication
Dmidecode. dmidecode is a free userspace command-line utility for Linux that can parse the SMBIOS data.  The name dmidecode is derived from Desktop Management Interface, a related standard with which dmidecode originally interfaced. SMBIOS was originally named DMIBIOS.  The Linux kernel and other modern operating systems such as the BSD family contain an SMBIOS decoder, allowing systems administrators to inspect system hardware configuration and to enable or disable certain workarounds for problems with specific systems, based on the provided SMBIOS information. Information provided by this utility typically includes the system manufacturer, model name, serial number, BIOS version and asset tag, as well other details of varying level of interest and reliability, depending on the system manufacturer.  The information often includes usage status for the CPU sockets, expansion slots (including AGP, PCI and ISA) and memory module slots, and the list of I/O ports (including serial, parallel and USB). Decoded DMI tables for various computer models are collected in a public GitHub repository.

For Dell systems there is a libsmbios utility.

References

External links 
 

Free software programmed in C
BIOS
Our Final Invention. Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era is a 2013 non-fiction book by the American author James Barrat. The book discusses the potential benefits and possible risks of human-level (AGI) or super-human (ASI) artificial intelligence. Those supposed risks include extermination of the human race.

Summary
James Barrat weaves together explanations of AI concepts, AI history, and interviews with prominent AI researchers including Eliezer Yudkowsky and Ray Kurzweil. The book starts with an account of how an artificial general intelligence could become an artificial super-intelligence through recursive self-improvement. In subsequent chapters, the book covers the history of AI, including an account of the work done by I. J. Good, up to the work and ideas of researchers in the field today.

Throughout the book, Barrat takes a cautionary tone, focusing on the threats artificial super-intelligence poses to human existence. Barrat emphasizes how difficult it would be to control or even to predict the actions of something that may become orders of magnitude more intelligent than the most intelligent humans.

Reception

On 13 December 2013, journalist Matt Miller interviewed Barrat for his podcast, "This... is interesting".  The interview and related matters to Barrat's book, Our Final Invention, were then captured in Miller's weekly opinion piece for The Washington Post.

Seth Baum, executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and one of the people cited by Barrat in his book, reviewed the book favorably on Scientific American's "invited guest" blog, calling it a welcome counterpoint to the vision articulated by Ray Kurzweil in his book The Singularity is Near.

Gary Marcus questions Barrat's argument "that tendencies toward self-preservation and resource acquisition are inherent in any sufficiently complex, goal-driven system", noting that present-day AI does not have such drives, but Marcus concedes "that the goals of machines could change as they get smarter", and he feels that "Barrat is right to ask" about these important issues.

Our Final Invention was a Huffington Post Definitive Tech Book of 2013.

See also
Artificial intelligence
Ethics of artificial intelligence
Technological singularity
AI box
Friendly artificial intelligence

References

External links
Kirkus Review
Scientific American Review

2013 non-fiction books
Futurology books
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
Thomas Dunne Books books
Non-fiction books about artificial intelligence
Coal burner. A coal burner (or pulverized coal burner) is a mechanical device that burns pulverized coal (also known as powdered coal or coal dust since it is as fine as face powder in cosmetic makeup) into a flame in a controlled manner.
Coal burners are mainly composed of the pulverized coal machine, the host of combustion machine (including combustion chamber, automatic back and forth motion system, automatic rotation system, the combustion air supply system) control system, ignition system, the crater and others.

Mechanism 

In the worksite, a coal burner usually works with the coal pulverizer and coal hopper. The coal in the hopper is conveyed to the coal pulverizer by screw conveyor.  The coal pulverizer will crush the coal into pulverized coal. In the coal burner, the pulverized coal mixes with air (high-speed air flow is generated by the draft fan on the coal burner), and is ignited by the oil burning igniter.

Ignition 
There are mainly two ways to ignite the coal burner. These are manual and automatic, differing in that in automatic systems, a high-energy ignition device generates sparks, replacing people's hands.

Use 
Pulverized coal burners have a wide range of uses in industrial production and daily life, such as providing heat for boilers, hot mix asphalt plant, cement kiln, metal furnace, annealing, quenching furnace, precision casting shell burning furnace, melting furnace, forging furnace and other heating furnace or kiln.

Requirements for coal 
 Mark of coal: bituminous coal;
 Gross calorific value: ≥5000kcal/kg (≥ 20000kJ/kg); 
 Net calorific value: ≥4200kcal/kg;
 Volatile matter: ≥25%;
 Ash Content: ≤10%; 
 Total moisture: ≤35%; 
 Inherent moisture: ≤14%; 
 Total sulphur: ≤1%; 
 Particle size: ≤20mm.
Note: These indexes are the lowest requirements for the coal.

See also
 Oil burner
 Gas burner
 Pulverized coal-fired boiler
 Asphalt plant
 Boiler
 Portable stove
 Burner (disambiguation)
 Heater

References

External links
 PULVERIZED COAL BURNER  // Mech4840
 Coal Fired Power Generation 
 Pulverised coal combustion (PCC)

Burners
Heating
Beeston Hydro. Beeston Hydro is a small hydroelectric scheme,  in Beeston, Nottinghamshire. It is located on the River Trent,  and generates up to 1.66 MW of electricity.

History

During 1999, Hyder Industrial Ltd. built the UK's largest "run-of river" hydro-electric plant at Beeston Rylands Weir. The plant was commissioned on 4 January 2000 and later sold on to United Utilities in 2001.

Description

The plant has a design life of twenty years. At the maximum consented flow rate, 60 m3/s of water passes through the pair of turbines. Upstream of the weir and during the salmon migratory period, the plant utilises a bio-acoustic fish-fence—a bubble curtain in which the bubbles contain a sound that the fish do not like. This fish fence steers migrating fish away from the fast-flowing turbine intakes and into the fish ladder, by which the fish can safely negotiate the weir. The power generated supplies enough electricity (1.5 MW–1.66 MW) for two thousand homes, a total of 5.26 GWh annually, it is currently run by Infinis

References

Hydroelectric power stations in England
Buildings and structures in Nottinghamshire
Power stations in the East Midlands
River Trent
Beeston, Nottinghamshire
Intention mining. In data mining, intention mining or intent mining is the problem of determining a user's intention from logs of his/her behavior in interaction with a computer system, such as in search engines, where there has been research on user intent or query intent prediction since 2002 (see Section 7.2.3 in ); and commercial intents expressed in social media posts.

The notion of intention mining has been introduced in the Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Ghazaleh Khodabandelou in 2014.
This thesis presents a novel approach of process mining, called Map Miner Method (MMM). This method is designed to automate the construction of intentional process models from traces. MMM uses Hidden Markov Models to model the relationship between users' activities and the strategies (i.e., the different ways to fulfill the intentions). The method also includes some specific algorithms developed to infer users' intentions and construct intentional process model (Map), respectively. MMM models the intentions as an oriented graph (with different levels of granularity) in order to have a better understanding of the human way of thinking.

Application
Intention Mining has already been used in several domains:
 Web search : (Hashemi et al., 2008), (Zheng et al., 2002), (Strohmaier & Kröll, 2012), (Kröll & Strohmaier, 2012), (Park et al., 2010), (Jethava et al., 2011), (González-Caro & Baeza-Yates, 2011), (Baeza-Yates et al., 2006) 
 Commercial Intents : Expressed in social media (Chen et al., 2013) 
 Software Engineering (Ghazaleh Khodabandelou et al., 2013),(Ghazaleh Khodabandelou et al., 2014), (Ghazaleh Khodabandelou et al., 2014),
 Business : Workarounds, (Epure, 2013), (Epure et al., 2014) 
 Engineering : Entity Relationship modelling, Method Engineering, (Laflaquière et al., 2006), (Clauzel et al., 2009), Development traces 
 Home video : (Mei et al., 2005)

See also
 Business Process Discovery
 Business Process Management
 Process modeling
 Process mining
 Sequence mining
 Hidden Markov model

References

Process mining
Hasan al-Rammah. Hasan al-Rammah (, died 1295) was a Syrian Arab chemist and engineer during the Mamluk Sultanate who studied gunpowders and explosives, and sketched prototype instruments of warfare, including the first torpedo. Al-Rammah called his early torpedo "an egg which moves itself and burns." It was made of two sheet-pans of metal fastened together and filled with naphtha, metal filings, and potassium nitrate. It was intended to move across the surface of the water, propelled by a large rocket and kept on course by a small rudder.

Al-Rammah devised several new types of gunpowder, a new type of fuse, and two types of lighters.

References 

Syrian engineers
1295 deaths
Date of birth unknown
Year of birth unknown
13th-century engineers
Engineers of the medieval Islamic world
Inventors of the medieval Islamic world
Alchemists of the medieval Islamic world
13th-century Arab people
Gustavo Scheps. Juan Gustavo Scheps Grandal (Montevideo, 1 December 1954) is a Uruguayan architect and professor.

In 2009 he was elected Dean of the School of Architecture, University of the Republic. He was reelected in 2013.

Works
Family houses (with Martha Barreira), 1981–2008.
Refurbishing of the old Machinery Hall of the School of Engineering, 1994–1998.
Ciudad de las Tres Cruces (with Carriquiry, Falkenstein, Nogueira, Tuzman, Urruzola), 1995–2004.
Centro Regional Norte, Universidad de la República, Salto (with Ana Fazakas), 1996–2002.
Restoration of Julio Vilamajó's home and studio, 2007–2008.

Publications
Redes invisibles (1996)
Puerto (2002)

References

External links
 Decano Gustavo Scheps: “restituir a la arquitectura como dimensión cultural”
 El plano técnico: opiniones del decano de Arquitectura sobre los planes de emergencia habitacional

1954 births
Uruguayan architects
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Academic staff of the University of the Republic (Uruguay)
Polytechnic University of Madrid alumni
Living people
Greg Bryant (computer scientist). Greg Bryant is a computer scientist and community organizer, best known as the founder of Workspot in downtown Palo Alto during the dotcom boom, and editor of RAIN Magazine since 1989. He also acted as a liaison between the computer industry and Christopher Alexander on many projects.

Career 
In computing, he was an early promoter of virtual machines, which led to work promoting UNIX and software tools at Intel headquarters during the 80386 project, and the creation of several production domain-specific languages. He built languages and authoring tools for the first consumer in-car navigation systems, and the first mobile traffic app, and built the first fullscreen mobile apps for Google, and for eBay
. He introduced the idea of 'unfolding programming sequences', and the category of 'operational grammars' with the programming language 'grogix'. He writes about foundation problems in computing philosophy, and presents on the application of software to urban issues.

His community organizing closely follows his research and writing for RAIN Magazine. He co-founded two special-purpose community centers, which were also local business incubators: the Center for Appropriate Transport and the Tango Center in Eugene, Oregon. Defending the Tango Center led to a ballot measure that temporarily defunded Urban Renewal in downtown Eugene, Measure 20–134 in November 2007, which may be the central factor in its rejuvenation.

References

External links
Greg Bryant Compendium

American computer scientists
Urban theorists
American software engineers
American community activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Deque Systems. Deque Systems ( ) is a digital accessibility company based in Herndon, Virginia with additional offices in Kavuri Hills Madhapur, Hyderabad India and Utrecht, The Netherlands.

History
The CEO of Deque Systems is Preety Kumar.

The company was started in 1999 and produces accessibility testing software in addition to offering accessibility consulting services and training.

In June, 2015 Deque open-sourced the accessibility rules engine axe-core.

In May 2020, the WorldSpace brand name was retired and replaced by axe for each of Deque's products.

In September 2020, Deque found that the majority of vote by mail applications were inaccessible, and fixed them for the 2020 Presidential Election.

Products
Deque tools, services and training are used to achieve compliance in support of the W3C's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 508 and EN 301 549.

Deque University is a collection of online accessibility training courses covering a range of topics from introductory level to expert-level International Association of Accessibility Professionals CPACC.

Axe Core
axe is a suite of accessibility testing tools for HTML, Android, and iOS applications.  Each product in the axe toolkit is powered by the open source rules engine axe-core.

Products within the axe suite include: axe Devtools, axe Monitor and axe Auditor.

References

Technology companies of the United States
Charles M. Hansen. Dr. Charles Medom Hansen (born 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American-born scientist with Danish ancestry who is now a Danish citizen living in the Copenhagen area.

After a degree (1961, Louisville) and Masters (1962, Wisconsin) in chemical engineering, Hansen worked for his Ph.D. at the Technical University of Denmark, initially on the problems of solvent retention in polymers, starting his lifetime interest in diffusion science. However, the problems of predicting the compatibility of solvents with polymers took over, leading him to overcome the problems of the Hildebrand solubility parameter by dividing Hildebrand's single parameter into three components: dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding. His 1967 doctoral thesis (Dr. techn.) provided the basis for what came to be called Hansen solubility parameters, or HSPs. In addition to providing a theoretical framework, the thesis provided the first working set of HSP values for common solvents and for a range of commercial polymers, making it of immediate practical use to academia and industry.

His theories were put to immediate use during his 8 years (1968–76) at the R/D Center, PPG Industries in Pittsburgh where the universality of HSP became apparent as they were shown to work equally well for problems such as optimising the compatibility of pigments within paint and ink formulations. Gradually they became adopted more widely as shown by the cumulative graph of Google Scholar citations for the phrase "Hansen Solubility Parameter".

He was Director of the Scandinavian Paint & Printing Ink Research Institute in Hørsholm, Denmark from 1976 to 1985, a Senior Scientist at Hempel Group from 1985 to 1987, then Senior Scientist at FORCE Technology, Copenhagen from 1988 to 2004. Upon retirement, he became, and remains, an independent consultant.

In addition to over 130 published papers and 8 patents (h-index 25), he authored Hansen Solubility Parameters – A User's Handbook in 1999 followed by an expanded 2nd Edition in 2007. With Abbott and Yamamoto he authored the package of software, eBook, and datasets called Hansen Solubility Parameters in Practice, in 2008 which is currently in its 5th Edition.

References

Danish chemical engineers
1938 births
Living people
Scientists from Louisville, Kentucky
Technical University of Denmark alumni
American emigrants to Denmark
Seatek SPa diesels. Seatek Spa is an Italian manufacturer of marine diesel engines, primarily used in racing and leisure craft.

History
Carlo Bonomi founded Seatek in 1986 after a career in offshore racing. Bonomi's first six-cylinder engine won a number of races including the world offshore class 1 in 1988 and 1989.

Products

 6-4V-9 six cylinder engine
 12 4V 21 twelve cylinder engine

References

External links

Marine engine manufacturers
Engine manufacturers of Italy
Diesel engine manufacturers
Companies established in 1986
Companies based in Lombardy
Small molecule drug conjugate. Small molecule drug conjugates or SMDCs are built with three modules: a targeting ligand, a linker and a drug payload. The targeting ligands consist of low molecular weight, high-affinity ligands that are precisely linked to potent drugs. The linkers are designed to be stable in the bloodstream and then release the active drug from the targeting ligand when the SMDC is taken up by the diseased cell. The drug payloads are highly active molecules that are too toxic to be administered in their untargeted forms at therapeutic dose levels. This modular approach allows varying targeting ligands, linker systems and drug payloads and generate SMDCs for different diseases.
The most advanced SMDC is vintafolide, a derivative of the anti-mitotic chemotherapy drug vinblastine  which is chemically linked to folic acid. Potent, bioactive natural products like triptolide that inhibit mammalian transcription has been recently reported as a glucose conjugate for targeting hypoxic cancer cells with increased glucose transporter expression.

SMDCs are currently being developed by Endocyte for treating cancer, inflammatory diseases and kidney disease, as well as a companion imaging agent that is created by replacing the potent drug with an imaging agent.

References

Drug delivery devices