omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Museum of Aeronautical Science. The Museum of Aeronautical Science (航空科学博物館) is an aviation museum located in Shibayama, Chiba prefecture, Japan. It is near Narita International Airport. It opened in 1989.

Indoor display area

Main hall 
The first and second floors feature a variety of exhibits related to aircraft and aviation. These include components of the Boeing 747 (a section of the main wing, a JT9D engine, a cross-section of the fuselage, and cargo containers), a full-scale passenger cabin mock-up, and a model of the adjacent Narita International Airport. At the centre of the exhibition space, there is a model of a Boeing 747-400 prototype. A DC-8 flight simulator is also available.

Upper floors 
The fourth and fifth floors are designed to resemble an air traffic control tower. The fourth floor houses the observation restaurant Balloon. The fifth floor is an observation deck, where visitors can watch aircraft land and take off while listening to explanations by staff. This floor also has airport control equipment that was previously used in actual operations.

Boeing 747 Nose Section Exhibit 

Commemorating the country's aviation history as the largest operator of the Boeing 747 at one time, plans were made around 2008 to preserve an example of the iconic aircraft at the museum. It was decided that the museum would acquire a retired Boeing 747 stored in America, disassemble it, transport it by sea, and reassemble it on-site. An ex-Northwest Airlines airframe, Boeing 747-212B (N642NW), was selected for the project and transported from Pinal Airpark in late 2010. The reassembly was completed in July 2011 by engineers from Japan Airlines.

Outdoor display area

 Cessna 195
 Mitsubishi MU-2
 Fuji/Rockwell Commander 700
 NAMC YS-11
 Sikorsky S-62
 Kamov Ka-26
 Cessna 411
 Beechcraft Bonanza
 Learjet
 Aero Commander 680
 Robinson R22
 Cessna 175

See also
List of aviation museums

References

External links

 Museum of Aeronautical Sciences 
 Museum of Aeronautical Science – Narita City Sightseeing Guide
 Airport Spotting - Museum of Aeronautical Science, Narita, Japan

History museums in Japan
Aerospace museums in Japan
Museums in Chiba Prefecture
Museums established in 1989
1989 establishments in Japan
Shibayama, Chiba
Bihoro Aviation Park. is an outdoor aviation museum located in Bihoro in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan.

Aircraft displayed
 JG-0505 Beechcraft T-34 Mentor (Japan Ground Self-Defense Force)
 52-0076 North American T-6 Texan (Japan Air Self-Defense Force)
 81-5386 Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star (Japan Air Self-Defense Force)
 41583 HU-1B Iroquois (Japan Ground Self-Defense Force)
 JG-0001 Piasecki H-21 (Japan Ground Self-Defense Force)

Gallery

See also
List of aviation museums

References

External links

 Video tour

Aerospace museums in Japan
History museums in Japan
Museums in Hokkaido
Flooded mine. A flooded mine is one of the direct results of a mine's closure procedure. When a mine stops operating, its maintenance systems also stop, in which the dewatering systems are included. Without these systems the mine will get flooded by water that naturally occurs in rock formations in the ground.

Overview

Mining operations can occur over a long period of time, from several years to several decades, and in order to keep the mining operations running, water has to be removed from the mine as it accumulates. After the mine is closed, when its operational life ends, the maintenance systems stop, including the dewatering systems. Without dewatering, the mines tend to flood with surface and groundwaters in the lower levels and mined spaces, if there is not a drainage adit present. The flooding process of an open-pit or underground mine can take from a several months period to more than a decade, depending on factors such as volume of open space in the mine, availability of infiltration water and on the nature of flooding - it can be uncontrolled, controlled or monitored.

Open pit mines

Flooding in open pit mines leads to the so-called pit lakes, where a wide range of creatures can be seen. The flooding process happens because the drainage wells or dewatering pumps are stopped and the open spaces are filled with groundwater and surface runoff from precipitation and water bodies (e.g. rivers). Waters quality in flooded open pit mines can range from drinking water quality to acidic waters that can kill animals if drunk.

Underground mines

Flooding in underground mines is usually controlled. These types of mines are not directly influenced by surface waters, so it is mainly underground water that plays a role in the flooding. One of the main reasons to let an underground mine be flooded is to avoid disulfide oxidation, and thus avoid acid mine drainage. Other important reason is safety: people coming to underground mines without safety precautions or the presence of dangerous mine gases.

The controlled flooding of underground mines usually follows these guidelines:

 Removal of potential water hazards
 Fill the surfaces that might collapse during or after the flooding process
 Install water diversion systems
 Install, at both the surface and underground, a system to monitor hydrogeological and geotechnical aspects
 Make a projection of hydrological and hydrogeochemical development of mine waters

Reasons for mine flooding

There are a wide range of factors that lead to mine flooding. Six of those main reasons are:

 The mine ceases to be economically important
 Depletion of raw materials
 Political reasons, war or accidents
 Instability of the mine workings
 Prevention of disulfide oxidation
 Safety reasons

In some locations, there are discussions to use flooded mines for pumped-storage hydroelectric reservoirs, but finished projects are still missing.

Historical mine flooding disasters

 Chasnala mine
 Quecreek Mine
 Wangjialing mine
 Knox Mine
 Milford Mine
 Luotuoshan mine
 Jiangjiawan Mine

References

Mining
SAE 316L stainless steel. SAE 316L grade stainless steel, sometimes referred to as A4 stainless steel or marine grade stainless steel, is the second most common austenitic stainless steel after 304/A2 stainless steel. Its primary alloying constituents after iron, are chromium (between 16–18%), nickel (10–12%) and molybdenum (2–3%), up to 2% manganese, with small (<1%) quantities of silicon, phosphorus & sulfur also present. The addition of molybdenum provides greater corrosion resistance than 304, with respect to localized corrosive attack by chlorides and to general corrosion by reducing acids, and other acids such as sulfuric acid; while sulfur is added to improve ease-of-tooling/machinability. 316L grade is the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel, which improves relative corrosion-resistance. When cold worked, 316 can produce high yield and tensile strengths similar to Duplex stainless grades.

It is commonly used in chemical and petrochemical industry, in food processing, pharmaceutical equipment, medical devices, jewellery, luxury watches (especially diver's watches), in potable water piping, wastewater treatment, in marine applications and architectural applications near the seashore or in urban areas.

Gallery

See also
SAF 2205

References

Stainless steel
Paradelta Ben Hur. The Paradelta Ben Hur is an Italian single-place paraglider that was designed and produced by Paradelta Parma of Parma. It is now out of production.

Design and development
The Ben Hur was designed as an advanced and competition glider. The models are each named for their relative size.

Variants
Ben Hur T5° dm
Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of  and 195 cells. The pilot weight range is .
Ben Hur T5° dg
Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of  and 98 cells. The pilot weight range is .
Ben Hur T5° de
Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of  and 98 cells. The pilot weight range is .

Specifications (Ben Hur T5° dg)

References

Ben Hur
Paragliders
James Fujimoto. James G. Fujimoto is Elihu Thomson Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a visiting professor of ophthalmology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from MIT in 1981 and 1984 respectively. He has been part of the MIT faculty since 1985 and is currently Elihu Thomson Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT and Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology at Tufts University School of Medicine. He contributed to the invention of optical coherence tomography.  In addition to his work on OCT he has also contributed to the development of femtosecond lasers.

Professor Fujimoto was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2001. He is also a fellow of the American Physical Society, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has published over 400 journal articles.

Awards and honors
 2001 Member of the National Academy of Engineering
 2001 Fellow of the American Physical Society
 2001 
 2011 
 2012 Champalimaud Vision Award
 2013 SPIE Britton Chance Biomedical Optics Award
 2014 IEEE Photonics Award
 2015 Frederic Ives Medal
 2017 Russ Prize
 2023 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
 2023 National Medal of Technology and Innovation (2023)
 2024 Honda Prize

References

External links
 Faculty bio
 Research group page

1957 births
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Optical coherence tomography
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of Optica (society)
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Optical engineers
Electrical engineering academics
American electrical engineers
American academics of Japanese descent
American scientists of Asian descent
Jerry Astl. Jaromír Astl, better known as Jerry Astl (23 September 1922 – 16 October 2017), was a Czech aeronautical engineer and explosive engineer who helped design the American Project Orion nuclear propulsion spacecraft in the 1950s and 1960s.

Career
Astl was born in Most, Czechoslovakia on 23 September 1922. After earning a degree in aeronautics in German-occupied Czechoslovakia, he worked as an engineer on the development of the Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe jet fighter during World War II. At the same, Astl was a member of the Czech resistance movement involved in sabotaging communication lines with high explosives. He eventually went underground and joined the resistance movement full-time until the end of war. Following the war, Astl came under suspicion of dissidence by the new communist government and he eventually escaped through Soviet-occupied Austria. Astl arrived in the United States in April 1949 and worked in Baltimore, Maryland at a series of odd jobs including in a shoe factory, a printing plant and as a movie theater projectionist. In 1955, he obtained American citizenship and moved to the San Diego, California where he was employed as an aeronautical engineer with Rohr, Inc. working on the Lockheed Electra. He then moved to Ryan Aeronautical and Douglas Aircraft Company to work on the DC-8.

Asti was hired by General Atomic after it received funding to develop Project Orion.

Project Orion
Astl's work on Project Orion included three papers: Multi-ICBM Weapon System (November 1959), Nuclear Pulse-Propelled Vehicle Launching System (May 1960) and Split-Cylinder Long-Stroke Shock Absorber System (February 1961). His other major contribution was a proposed high-explosive test facility on the bluffs above La Jolla at Torrey Pines, San Diego. Jerry worked alongside Morris Scharff and Brian Dunne on the explosive experiments for Project Orion.

Later career
Astl left General Atomic in 1972 and became an independent consultant. He owns several patents, which include "Electromagnetic forming element" and "Differential pressure gauge".

Later life
He later lived in Solana Beach, where he died on 16 October 2017 at the age of 95.

Media appearances
 History Undercover: Code Name Project Orion (1999) 
 To Mars by A-Bomb: The Secret History of Project Orion (BBC, 2003)

References

Bibliography
Dyson, Freeman J. (April 15, 1981). Disturbing The Universe. Sloan Foundation Science Series. Basic Books. p. 112. .
Dyson, George (2002). Project Orion : the true story of the atomic spaceship (1. ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Co. pp. 132–144. .

External links

1922 births
2017 deaths
People from Most (city)
Czech aerospace engineers
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Czech resistance members
Government Funded Technical Institutes. The Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTIs) are a list of 40 academic institutions funded either by the Government of India or the State governments of India that participate in the Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) for the admission process into their undergraduate programs in architecture, planning, sciences, and various branches of engineering and technology.

Process of admission
The Joint Seat Allocation Authority (JoSAA) is responsible for conducting admission in 40 government funded technical institutes through its website.

The admissions are done on the basis of merit obtained in the Joint Entrance Examination - Main.

The seat allotment is subject to merit whereas seat acceptance is subject to payment of 35,000/- INR for Open and OBC within 2–4 days, and 20,000 INR for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Further seat acceptance does not mean admission, a candidate offered and accepted seat have to personally report to The allotted institute and pay the remaining fees demanded by the respective institute.

Institutes

References

Technical universities and colleges in India
Government universities and colleges in India
India education-related lists
Jürgen Maier. Jürgen Wolfgang Maier  or Juergen Wolfgang Maier (born in January 1964) is a British-Austrian businessman who is the chair of Great British Energy. He has been an advisor to the UK government, and from 2014 to 2019 was chief executive of Siemens UK.

Early life and education
Maier was born in Germany, but holds Austrian and British citizenship. He lived in Karlsruhe. He came to the UK in 1974, to Leeds, where he went to school at Allerton Grange School, from 1978. He studied Production Engineering at Trent Polytechnic in Nottingham (now Nottingham Trent University) from 1982 to 1986.

Career
Maier is the Chair of the Digital Catapult and co-founder of vocL, a platform empowering responsible business voices. He also supports development in northern regions and in that capacity is vice-Chair of the Northern Powerhouse Partnership and life time President for the North West Business Leadership Team.

Maier has occupied senior posts with Siemens, including managing director of UK and Ireland industry sector and Manufacturing Director of the Drives Factory in Congleton, Cheshire. He became a member of the Siemens UK Executive Management Board in October 2008, and was appointed Chief Executive on 1 July 2014. He retired in December 2019 at the age of 55.

Honours
Maier is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and the Royal Academy of Engineering, and is a visiting professor at the University of Manchester; he has also received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Salford, the University of Lincoln, Nottingham Trent University, the University of Sheffield, Cranfield University and Manchester Metropolitan University and, most recently, from Lancaster University.

He was a non-executive board member of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) of the UK government from 2014 to 2016 and led the 'Made Smarter' industrial strategy review and initiative which aimed to create a strong 4th Industrial Revolution in the UK. He was a member of the Industrial Strategy Council which provides impartial and expert advice to government.

In 2019, Insider Magazine named Maier as the most influential business person in North West England. He was ranked number 5 in Glassdoor's Top CEOs for 2019.

In July 2024 he was appointed as the chairman of Great British Energy, a government-owned body which promotes investment in renewable energy production.

Personal life 
Maier was appointed CBE in the 2019 New Year Honours and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2022.

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
Alumni of Nottingham Trent University
Austrian chief executives
Austrian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Businesspeople from Leeds
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Siemens people
Hamid Garmabi. Hamid Garmabi (, born 1961) is an Iranian engineer and reformist politician who was a member of the Parliament of Iran representing Nishapur. He was chancellor of Amir Kabir University's Faculty of Engineering Polymer and Color before being elected as a parliament member.

References

Living people
1961 births
Iranian engineers
Members of the 10th Islamic Consultative Assembly
People from Nishapur
William Tallon (trade unionist). William Tallon (1902 – 29 November 1978) was a British trade unionist.

Tallon worked at Leyland Motors, where he joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU).  He held a variety of posts in his union branch and, later, at district level, and was elected as secretary of the joint shop stewards committee at Leyland, then became a full-time regional officer for the union.

In 1952, Tallon was elected to the executive council of the AEU.  Although this was the peak of his career in the union, he came to greater prominence representing the AEU at other national bodies.  He served on the executive of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, and was its president in 1966/67, while in 1957, he was elected to the General Council of the TUC, holding his seat until his retirement in 1967.

Tallon also served on a variety of government committees.  In 1958, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.

References

1902 births
1978 deaths
English trade unionists
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Flame treatment. Flame treatment is the application of a gas flame to the surface of a material to improve adhesion.

Polyolefins, especially polyethylene and polypropylene bond poorly, because they consist of long non-polar molecules.  Without special treatment, adhesives, ink, and other coatings cannot be applied to these materials.  By rapidly applying intense heat to a surface, molecular chains are broken and polar functional groups are added.  Flame treatment also burns off dust, fibers, oils, and other surface contaminants.

Process

Flame treatment is a method where exothermic reactions between oxygen and fuel gas create thermally activated radical atoms and molecules, such as atomic oxygen (O), hydroxyl (OH), imidogen (NH), Nitric oxide (NO), and cyanide (CN). The most used gases in flame treatment are propane (C3H8), natural gas or methane (CH4), and butane (C4H10). These gases burn with atmospheric oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide.

The flame has three zones; the precombustion zone (the blue outer cone), the main reaction zone (the dark blue middle cone), and the post-combustion zone (the light blue inner cone). The precombustion area is the coolest part of the flame because the amount of released energy (heat) is low. The main reaction zone is used for the surface treatment because this zone has the highest temperature and number of oxidizing agents. The flame reaches its highest temperature (1900–2000°C) when all the propane has reacted with the air. The concentration of oxidizing agents reaches the maximum just before the post-combustion zone.

To treat a surface quickly and evenly, many gas jets, similar to the one on the right, are lined up in a long row on a single burner.  The material being treated is quickly passed directly in front of or under the inner cones.  The surface is in contact with the flame for less than a second.  The surface is treated quickly, without time for the material to melt.

The reactive chemical species in the gas flame break the long-chain molecules in the plastic material, and attach themselves to the break points, resulting in polar point charges on the surface.  On a microscopic scale, the surface also becomes rougher.

See also 
 Chemistry of pressure-sensitive adhesives
 Plasma activation
 Corona treatment
 Polymeric surface
 Stone flaming
 Surface finishing

References

External links
  Comparing Flame, Plasma, and Corona Treatments
Industrial processes
Plastics industry
Lihong V. Wang. Lihong V. Wang () is the Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering at the Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering at California Institute of Technology and was formerly the Gene K. Beare Distinguished Professorship of Biomedical Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. Wang is known for his contributions to the field of Photoacoustic imaging technologies. Wang was elected as the member of National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2018.

Education 
Wang received B.S. and M.S. degrees in optics engineering from Huazhong University of Science & Technology respectively in 1984 and 1987.
Wang earned a PhD from Rice University in Houston, Texas.

Career 
Wang was the recipient of several awards, including NIH's FIRST, NSF's CAREER, NIH Director's Pioneer, and NIH Director's Transformative Research awards.  Wang also received the OSA C.E.K. Mees Medal "for seminal contributions to photoacoustic tomography and Monte Carlo modeling of photon transport in biological tissues and for leadership in the international biophotonics community". Wang has been conferred upon by an honorary doctorate degree by Lund University located in Sweden for his contributions towards the field of Biomedical Imaging.

Wang has published more than 470 peer-reviewed journal articles including Nature, Science, and PNAS. His book Biomedical Optics: Principles and Imaging was one of the first in the field, and received the Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award. Wang was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Biomedical Optics from 2010 to 2017.

In 2018, Wang was elected as the member of National Academy of Engineering (NAE) for "inventions in photoacoustic microscopy enabling functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging in vivo".

Awards 
 2004 elected Fellow of OSA
 2010 Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award (with Hsin-i Wu)
 2011 C.E.K. Mees Medal
 2018 Michael S. Feld Biophotonics Award.

See also 
 Michael Stephen Feld
 The Optical Society

References

External links 
 Lihong V. Wang Profile at Caltech
 Lihong V. Wang Lab
 Lihong V. Wang on Google Scholar

American biomedical engineers
Rice University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Washington University in St. Louis physicists
Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American electrical engineers
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Beaucette Marina. Beaucette Marina is a marina on the northeast tip of Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, to the north of Bordeaux Harbour. Nearby is the Déhus Dolmen.

The marina area was once a large quarry, with blue granite reserves. In the 1960s, the quarry was purchased by Vale Investments, who saw the potential for converting it into a marina. In July 1968 the Royal Engineers were given a budget of just £725 to blow a hole in the rock and inundate the quarry. They assessed the location as an ideal spot for a harbour because of the durability of the blue granite. The task became much more complicated than expected and was postponed until the following year, when the Engineers returned and eventually created the marina by using high explosives. In the end the cost soared to £27,000, mainly paid by the British taxpayer.

Beaucette Marina Restaurant was awarded the Gold Award and Certificate of Excellence by TripAdvisor in 2016.

References

External links
Official website

Ports and harbours of Guernsey