omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Whittingham & Mitchel. Whittingham & Mitchel of Fulham United Kingdom were motor coach and body builders. A company named Whittingham and Mitchel Limited was formed in 1929 to buy that business. 

During the second World War it made light alloy components for the armed forces. Following the war Whittingham and Mitchell moved to Byfleet, Surrey and into alloy marine equipment. 10 years later they moved into structural reinforced plastics and built new premises in Chertsey. 

Whittingham and Mitchel Limited became a public listed company in July 1964. Six months later it was taken over and became part of the GEC group

Motor coach and body builders
Whittingham and Mitchel made bodies for motor coaches. During the 1930s Whittingham & Mitchel also manufactured short runs of special open bodies for mass-produced cars such as Vauxhall and specialist cars such as Alvis, MG and Wolseley.

Marine and structural engineers
Using special methods Whittingham and Mitchel rapidly made small ships up to 75 feet long such as fast coastal patrol boats. In 1964 a new coastal patrol boat was launched every 12 days and it took 36 days to manufacture a boat

Plastics
Thermoplastic mouldings were manufactured for use as specialised containers for: radio, radar equipment, frozen food transportation and prefabricated kitchens and bathrooms.

Takeover
Very shortly after the business was listed on the Stock Exchange in 1964 it was bought by a subsidiary of Arnold Weinstock's rapidly expanding GEC.

References

Whittingham
Vehicle manufacture in London
No. 101 Squadron IAF. The No. 101 Squadron  (Falcons) is an Indian Air Force fighter aircraft squadron which is equipped with the Dassault Rafale and is based at the Hasimara Air Force Station.

History
101 Squadron was formed with the specific role of photo reconnaissance. Enjoying the place of pride in the Squadron crest is a trained hunting Falcon, the bird's keen eyesight, quick and sure kill ability symbolises the role for which the Squadron was formed.

The squadron was reinstated with Dassault Rafale in June 2021 and was inducted into Hasimara, West Bengal on 28 July 2021.

Present
The squadron was reinstated in June 2021 with 5 Dassault Rafale in Ambala. The squadron was commissioned in its designated base in Hasimara from 28 July 2021.

Assignments
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Aircraft

Aircraft types operated by the squadron

Gallery

References

101
No. 108 Squadron IAF. No. 108 Squadron  (Hawkeyes) was a fighter squadron of Indian Air Force. The squadron was equipped with MiG-21M and was based at Pathankot Air Force Station. The squadron was number plated in December 2017.

History
The Hawk, with its keen eyesight, symbolizes the search and acquisition of the target. The lightning and the battle axe denote an immediate response and the power of the strike. The Hawkeye squadron was formed on 20 November 1959 at Halwara. The squadron was initially equipped with Vampire aircraft and was assigned the role of Army Cooperation and photo-Reconnaissance.

The squadron was number plated in December 2017.

Assignments
 Liberation of Goa
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Aircraft
Aircraft types operated by the squadron:

Commanding Officers

References

108
No. 220 Squadron IAF. No. 220 Squadron (Desert Tigers) is a fighter squadron and is equipped with Su-30 MKIs and based at Halwara Air Force Station.

History
From its birth until just short of the Indo-Pak war of 1965, the role of the squadron was Operational Conversion onto Vampire aircraft of the freshly commissioned pilots. The squadron, later re-equipped with the Indigenous HF-24 Marut in April 1969 and flew the Marut in the 1971 Indo-Pak War. In June 1981, the squadron converted onto the MiG-23BN., It was raised at IAF Station Jodhpur and in year 1997 It moved to IAF Station Halwara.

IAF had disbanded the 220 Squadron in June 2005 because of very old aircraft, but resurrected that with the induction of the SU 30 MKIs on 25 September 2012. They received the President's standards at Halwara AFS on 20 September 2013.

Assignments
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Aircraft

References

220
List of Airbus A330 orders and deliveries. There are 1,853 firm orders for all versions of the Airbus A330; 1,479 for the A330ceo (current engine option) and a further 374 for the A330neo (new engine option), of which a total of 1,472 A330ceo and 151 A330neos have been delivered as of end of December 2024.

History
On 12 March 1987, Airbus received the first orders for the twinjet. The domestic French airline Air Inter (then Air France Europe) placed five firm orders and 15 options while Thai Airways International requested eight aircraft, split evenly between firm orders and options. The following day, Airbus announced that it planned to formally launch the A330/A340 programme by mid-April 1987, and was on track to deliver the first A340 by May 1992 and the A330 the following year. On 31 March, Northwest Airlines followed Air Inter and Thai by signing a letter of intent for 20 A340s and 10 A330s.

Air Inter became the first operator of the A330 after accepting delivery on 30 December 1993 and placing the aircraft into service on 17 January 1994 between Orly Airport and Marseille. Deliveries to Malaysia Airlines (MAS) and Thai Airways International were postponed due to delamination of the composite materials in the engine thrust reverser assembly. Thai Airways received its first A330 during the second half of the year, operating it on routes to Taipei and Seoul from Bangkok on 19 December 1994. MAS received its A330 on 1 February 1995 then rescheduled deliveries of the 10 other aircraft on order. Cathay Pacific received Trent 700s in late March 1995, days after MAS following the certification of the engine on 22 December 1994.

Orders and deliveries
The following is a list of orders, deliveries and backlog for the Airbus A330 by model as of 31 December 2024:
 Ord — number of aircraft ordered from Airbus by the specified customer
 Del — number of aircraft delivered by Airbus to the specified customer
 Bl — number of aircraft still to be delivered to the specified customer

 Updated: 31 December 2024.

See also

 List of Airbus A330 operators

References

A330 orders
330
No. 104 Helicopter Squadron, IAF. No. 104 Helicopter Squadron  (Pioneer Rotarians) is a fighter squadron and is equipped with Mil Mi-35 and based at Suratgarh Air Force Station.

History
The acquisition of Sikorsky S-55 in 1954 heralded the creation of the first Helicopter Flight within the IAF, and in 1958 become established as the first dedicated Helicopter Unit, No. 104 Helicopter Squadron.

The IAF S-55s were later phased out in 1966 inducting other helicopter types into service, such as the Mil Mi-35 model in 1990.

As of November 2022, the Mi-35s of the Squadron is undergoing complete overhauls in Russia in two batches. The first batch was already in Russia by then while the entire process is to be completed by mid-2023. Overhaul of each batch shall take 6-8 months. The overhaul would increase its service life by 6 years keeping them active beyond this decade.

Assignments
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
1971 JVP insurrection
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Aircraft

References

104
No. 125 Helicopter Squadron IAF. No. 125 Helicopter Squadron  (Gladiators) is a helicopter squadron and is equipped with Apache AH-64E and based at Pathankot Air Force Station. It is one of the two helicopter squadrons operating the  AH-64E in India. The other being No.137 Helicopter Squadron IAF.

History
The first Attack Helicopter Squadron of IAF was raised as 125 Helicopter Squadron on 1 November 1983 and equipped with Mi-25 helicopter Gunships. The squadron was reequipped with Mi-35 in April 1990.
On 3 September 2019, the squadron formally inducted the first batch of AH-64E Apache helicopters into the Indian Air Force.

Assignments
IPKF Jaffna Operations
DRC Peacekeeping Mission

Aircraft

Incidents 
On 3 April 2024 , an AH-64 E Apache helicopter operated by the squadron made an emergency landing in Ladakh due to fauty maneuvering. The landing was made between Leh and Thoise, near Khardung La pass (highest motorable road in India) during an operational sortie in Ladakh. The helicopter sustained some damages due to the rugged terrain of Ladakh. Both pilots were safely evacuated immediately after the landing.

The retrieval operation lasted several months due to the high altitude and undulating terrain of the region. A special crane was used to put the airframe on to a truck which transported it back to Pathankot air base. About 400 parts had to be disassembled for the transportation.

References

125
No. 126 Helicopter Flight, IAF. No. 126 Helicopter Flight (Featherweights) is a helicopter squadron and is equipped with Mil Mi-26 and based at Chandigarh Air Force Station. It received the first four Boeing CH-47 Chinook in service on 25 March 2019.

History

Only four Mi-26s served with this Helicopter Flight: serial numbers Z2896, Z2897, Z3075 and Z3076. Only three aircraft are presently in the inventory. On 14 December 2010, an Indian Air Force Mi-26 (serial number Z3076) crashed seconds after taking off from Jammu Airport, injuring all nine passengers. The aircraft fell from an altitude of about . The Indian Institute of Flight Safety released an investigation report that stated improper fastening of the truck inside caused an imbalance of the helicopter and led to the crash. The Mi-26 had been carrying machines from Konkan Railway to Jammu–Baramulla line project.

Two of the remaining three Mi-26s were grounded on completion of their total technical life in September 2013 and August 2014, respectively; a proposal of having the helicopters shipped to the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant for refurbishment has not been approved by the Ministry of Defence for over three years.
On 25 March 2019, the first four CH-47F (I) Chinook helicopters (of a total of 15 ordered) were added to the flight.

Assignments
This helicopter Flight has carried out extensive flood relief operations Ex-Tezpur in Jan 1989. It also did a commendable job by laying out the roads in Anini sector in the east. Anini sector was earlier totally air maintained. Being a helicopter flight, it can be called upon to carry out casualty evacuation etc.

The flight airlifted Diesel Generators, to ensure continued cooling of the Ammonia Storage tanks at the Paradeep Phosphates Limited plant in Paradip, Odisha, thus preventing another Bhopal Disaster-like situation. The flight was also actively involved in the Kargil war wherein it performed missions by day and night.

Aircraft
Mil Mi-26
Boeing CH-47 (I) Chinook

References

126
Patrick J. Dowling. Patrick Joseph A. Dowling, CBE FRS (23 March 1939 – 28 April 2023) was an Irish engineer and educationalist.

Early life 
Patrick Joseph A. Dowling was born in Sandymount, Dublin on 23 March 1939. He was educated at University College Dublin, graduating in 1960 with a degree in civil engineering.

Career 
Dowling then went to work at Imperial College London, where in 1986 he was appointed to their chair in structural engineering, which he held for the next 15 years. He was afterwards Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive of the University of Surrey from October 1994 to his retirement in June 2005.

In 1996, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Dowling served as President of the Institution of Structural Engineers (1994–95), Chairman of the Steel Construction Institute, Vice-President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Chairman of the Engineering Council, President of the Association for Science Education and as Chairman of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey in 1999 and appointed a CBE in the New Year Honours List of 2001 "for his contribution to industry/university relations". In 2006 he was awarded the James Alfred Ewing Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

Personal life and death 
Dowling was married to Grace Lobo, an Indian from Zanzibar, who in 2004 became the first High Sheriff of Surrey to be appointed from an ethnic minority.

Patrick J. Dowling died on 28 April 2023, at the age of 84.

Works 
Dowling co-wrote 6 books on subjects in his field of offshore oil platforms, including:
 "Buckling of shells in offshore structures", by J.E. Harding, Patrick Joseph Dowling and N. Agelidis, Granada, 1982
"Structural Steel Design", by Dowling, P.J., Knowles, P. and Owens, G.W., Butterworths, London, 1988

References

1939 births
2023 deaths
Engineers from Dublin (city)
Alumni of University College Dublin
Irish civil engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Deputy lieutenants of Surrey
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Presidents of the Association for Science Education
People associated with the University of Surrey
No. 112 Helicopter Unit, IAF. No. 112 Helicopter Unit (Thoroughbreds) is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with Mil Mi-17 based at Yelahanka AFS.

History

112 Helicopter Unit, IAF is the alma-mater of all Medium Lift Helicopters, which has been training pilots, flight engineers and flight gunners for achieving highest professional standards.

The President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presented the President’s Standard to 112 Helicopter Unit of Indian Air Force on 11 March 2014 at Kanpur. 112 Helicopter Unit was the last flying unit of the IAF to host and retire the Mil Mi-8 helicopters from active duty.

Assignments
One of the oldest IAF units, 112 Helicopter Unit serves a wartime role such as in Kargil war, Operation Pawan and Indo-Pakistani war of 1971; or supporting civil operations during cyclones, floods and VVIP movements.

Aircraft
Bell 47
Mi-8/8T

References

112
Rudolph L. Hanau. Rudolph L. Hanau (1881–1930) was a mechanical engineer. He is credited with developing the Hanau Articulator. Hanau is also credited with developing the first Kinescope in the field of prosthodontics.

Life
Hanau was born in Victoria West, Cape Colony, South Africa, in 1881. He received mechanical engineering training in Leipzig, Germany. In 1906 he moved to New York City. He began working as a consultant with an American engineering company.  Hanau started working with Dr. Frederick Lester Stanton in 1915, and they eventually developed the Stanton-Hanau surveyor. Hanau left New York City and moved to Buffalo, New York in 1918.

Articulator 
In 1920, Dr. Rupert E. Hall worked with Hanau on the creation of an articulator.  Hanau attended the Boston meeting of the National Society of Denture Prosthetists, where he learned more about articulators. Upon returning from the meeting, Hanau started working with articulators. He then developed the Model A articulator, for which he filed a patient in 1921. He revealed his C Prototype articulator at the Milwaukee meeting of the National Society of Denture Prosthetists in 1921.

References

1881 births
1930 deaths

External links
 Rudolph L. Hanau Collection at Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library, Historical Collections, Emory University
Understand (software). Understand is a customizable integrated development environment (IDE) that enables static code analysis through an array of visuals, documentation, and metric tools. It was built to help software developers comprehend, maintain, and document their source code. It enables code comprehension by providing flow charts of relationships and building a dictionary of variables and procedures from a provided source code.

Features

In addition to functioning as an integrated development environment, Understand provides tools for metrics and reports, standards testing, documentation, searching, graphing, and code knowledge. It is capable of analyzing projects with millions of lines of code and works with code bases written in multiple languages. Developed originally for Ada, it now supports development in several common programming languages.

Applications

Understand has been used globally for government, commercial, and academic use. It is used in many different industries to both analyze and develop software. Specific uses include a variety of applications: code validation for embedded systems, software litigation consulting, reverse engineering and documentation, and source code change analysis.

References

External links
 

Code navigation tools
Documentation generators
Software metrics
Static program analysis tools
Proprietary commercial software for Linux
California Powder Works Bridge. The California Powder Works Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Santa Cruz, California.  It is a Smith truss bridge, built across the San Lorenzo River in 1872 by the California Powder Works, an explosives manufacturer whose factory complex stood on the river banks.  The bridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2015 as one of the best-preserved national examples of the Smith truss.  It is owned and maintained by the Paradise Park Masonic Club, and is open to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, with a posted weight limit of 5 tons.

Description and history
The California Powder Works Bridge is located about  north of downtown Santa Cruz, spanning the San Lorenzo River just downstream of Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park. The bridge carries Keystone Way, a private road in the residential development known as the Paradise Park Masonic Club.  It is a single span, with a total structure length of  and a span length of .  Its total width is , and it has a roadway width of .  Its trusses are built out of Douglas fir, and its roof is corrugated metal.  The exterior is clad in vertical board-and-batten siding.

The bridge was constructed by the Pacific Bridge Company, its major elements manufactured at a plant in Alameda, and was installed in 1872.  It was built for the California Powder Works, whose main manufacturing plant was on the east side of the river.  The company operated on that site between 1863 and 1914, after which the site was largely demolished and abandoned.  The property was purchased by a Masonic organization from Fresno, and developed as a summer colony they dubbed "Paradise Park".

The bridge is one of 23 known historic (pre-1955) examples of a Smith truss remaining in the United States, and is the longest and among the best-preserved of those, as determined by a nationwide survey conducted by the National Park Service.  This truss type was marketed on a nationwide scale by the Smith Bridge Company, and was briefly competitive with iron bridges, which were coming to predominate in the landscape.

See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in California
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in California
List of covered bridges in California
List of National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, California

References

External links

Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Transportation buildings and structures in Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz, California
Historic American Engineering Record in California
National Historic Landmarks in California
National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, California
Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Wooden bridges in California
Habitability, Brine Irradiation and Temperature. Habitability, Brine Irradiation and Temperature (HABIT) is an instrument designed to harvest water from the Mars atmosphere, an experiment that might pave the way to future water farms on Mars. As part of ESA's ExoMars-2 mission, the instrument was planned to be placed on board the Kazachok lander. The launch of ExoMars-2 has been postponed to 2028.

Instrument description
HABIT is composed of two major components: BOTTLE (Brine Observation Transition to Liquid Experiment) and ENVPACK (Environmental Package). BOTTLE contains six containers protected by HEPA filters, filled with salts that will collect atmospheric water through deliquescence. Sensors in each container will measure hydration and a state in which brine formed. Salts in the instrument can be dehydrated to allow indefinite operations of the instrument.

ENVPACK will contain instruments measuring ultraviolet irradiance, ground temperature, and a temperature of the atmosphere in three different directions. Most of the ENVPACK instruments were already used in Rover Environmental Monitoring Station of the NASA's Curiosity rover. The Principal Investigator of HABIT is Javier Martin-Torres.

Scientific objectives
The objectives of HABIT are:
 to investigate (and quantify) the habitability of the landing site in terms of availability of  water, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature ranges
 to investigate the atmosphere/regolith water interchange, the subsurface hydration, as well as the ozone, water and dust atmospheric cycle, and the convective activity of the boundary layer
 to demonstrate an in situ resource utilization technology for future Mars exploration

The HABIT instrument will use salts to absorb 5 millilitres of water from the atmosphere each day, and can hold 25 mL in total. If the process works as expected, the technology could be scaled up to provide water for future crewed missions.

References

ExoMars
Spacecraft instruments
Mars
Space manufacturing
Reflex Bi Trike. The Reflex Bi Trike is a French paramotor that was designed by Dominique Cholou and produced by Reflex Paramoteur of Chatou for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Bi Trike was designed to comply with the European microlight regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, two-place-in-tandem accommodation and a single Simonini Racing  engine in pusher configuration with a 2.38:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter three-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot, although an optional wheeled carriage can be employed with this model. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (Bi Trike)

References

Bi
2000s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Reflex S. The Reflex S is a French paramotor that was designed by Dominique Cholou and produced by Reflex Paramoteur of Chatou for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The "S" was designed to comply with the European microlight regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single Simonini Racing  engine in pusher configuration with a 2.38:1 ratio reduction drive and a  or  diameter three-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (S)

References

S
2000s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
No. 115 Helicopter Unit, IAF. No. 115 Helicopter Unit (Hovering Angels) is a Helicopter Unit and is equipped with HAL Dhruv and based at Tezpur Air Force Station.

History
President of India awarded Standards to 115 Helicopter Unit of Indian Air Force at Tezpur, Assam on 21 November 2014.

Assignments

The unit took part in Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 and cyclone relief operations in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha in May 1979 and Super Cyclone in 1999.

Aircraft
HAL Dhruv

References

115