omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Phenacene. Phenacenes are a class of organic compounds consisting of fused aromatic rings.  They are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, related to acenes and helicenes from which they differ by the arrangement of the fused rings.

Relevance to organic electronic materials 

Aromatic compounds with extended π-conjugated system have attracted attention because of their potential use in organic electronics as organic semiconductors.
Of academic interest, pentacene has been widely used as an active layer in organic thin-film field-effect transistors (OFET). The main drawback of pentacene OFET is degradation upon exposure to light and air. On the other hand, [n]phenacenes, an isomeric form of [n]acenes, has been known as a stable compound in which the benzene rings are fused in a zigzag structure. For the past several years, there is renewed interest in synthesis of [n]phenacene derivatives associated with electronic applications in emissive and semi- or superconducting materials.

Picene ([5]phenacene) can serve as an active layer of a high-performance p-channel organic thin-film FET with very high field-effect mobility μ = 5 cm2/(V⋅s). [7]Phenacene FET shows μ = 0.75 cm2/(V⋅s) and no sensitivity to air. Furthermore, picene doped with potassium and rubidium exhibit superconductivity with a maximum critical temperature TC ≈ 18 K. Thus, [n]phenacenes and their derivatives may play an important role in future fabrication of stable and high-performance electronic devices such as OFET, OLED and organic solar cells. Substituted picenes may serve as an active layer of OFETs.

References 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Silicon-tin. Silicon-tin or SiSn, is in general a term used for an alloy of the form Si(1-x)Snx. The molecular ratio of tin in silicon can vary based on the fabrication methods or doping conditions. In general, SiSn is known to be intrinsically semiconducting, and even small amounts of Sn doping in silicon can also be used to create strain in the silicon lattice and alter the charge transport properties.

Theoretical studies
Several theoretical works have shown SiSn to be semiconducting.
These mainly include DFT-based studies. The band structures obtained using these works show a change in band gap of silicon with the inclusion of tin into the silicon lattice. Thus, like SiGe, SiSn has a variable band gap that can be controlled using Sn concentration as a variable. In 2015, Hussain et al. experimentally verified the tuning of band gap associated with the diffusion of tin using homogeneous, abrupt p-n junction diodes.

Production
SiSn can be obtained experimentally using several approaches. For small quantity of Sn in silicon, the Czochralski process is well known.
Diffusion of tin into silicon has also been tried extensively in the past.
Sn has the same valency and electronegativity as silicon and can be found in the diamond cubic crystal structure (α-Sn). Thus, silicon and tin meet three out of the four Hume-Rothery rules for solid state solubility. The one criterion that is not met is that of difference in atomic size. The tin atom is substantially larger than the silicon atom (31.8%). This reduces the solid state solubility of tin in silicon.

Electrical performance
The first MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) using SiSn as a channel material was shown in 2013.
This study proved that SiSn can be used as semiconductor for MOSFET fabrication, and that there may be certain applications where the use of SiSn instead of silicon may be more advantageous. In particular, the off current of SiSn transistors is much lower than that of silicon transistors. Thus, logic circuits based on SiSn MOSFETs consume lower static power compared to silicon-based circuits. This is advantageous in battery operated devices (LSTP devices), where the standby power has to be reduced for longer battery life.

Thermal conductivity
Si-Sn alloys have the lowest conductivity (3   W/mK) of all the bulk alloys among Si-Ge, Ge-Sn, and Si-Ge-Sn; less than half that of Si-Ge which has been extensively studied, attributed to the larger difference in mass between the two constituents. In addition, thin films offer an additional reduction in thermal conductivity, reaching around 1  W/mK in 20-nm-thick Si-Sn, Ge-Sn, and ternary Si-Ge-Sn films, which is near the conductivity of amorphous SiO2. Group-IV alloys containing Sn have the potential for high-efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion.

See also
Silicon carbide
Silicon-germanium

References

Silicon alloys
Tin alloys
Victor Della-Vos. Victor Karlovich Della-Vos (1829 – 1890) was a Russian educationalist and proponent of manual training.

Della-Vos graduated from Moscow University in 1853 with a degree in physical and mathematical sciences and soon embarked on his teaching career. In 1858, he went to Paris to study machine tool manufacture. After also visiting London where he studied agricultural machinery he returned to Russia in 1864 to take up the post of professor of mechanics at the Petrovsky Academy. By 1868, he was appointed director of the Moscow Imperial Technical Academy. He became widely known for his combination of both theoretical and practical approaches to education.

Following his participation in the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876, his approach was taken up by John Runkle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Calvin Woodward of Washington University in St. Louis. This combination of tool and job analysis provided a basis of what would eventually become Taylorism.

References

1829 births
1890 deaths
Educational theorists from the Russian Empire
Moscow State University alumni
Academic staff of Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Hinz BLT-ARA. The Hinz BLT-ARA is a German homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by L and B Hinz of Filderstadt. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as in the form of plans and a 300-page builder's manual for amateur construction.

Design and development
The BLT-ARA is a development of the earlier Hinz BL1-KEA which was first flown in 1989.

The BLT-ARA features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, T-tail, retractable conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from fibreglass, using a moldless construction technique. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The wings and tailplane are detachable, similar to a glider's to allow ground transport or storage in a trailer. The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Limbach L2400 powerplant.

The BLT-ARA has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied plans as 3000 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 13 sets of plans had been sold.

Specifications (BLT-ARA)

References

BLT-ARA
1990s German sport aircraft
1990s German civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Pmod Interface. Pmod interface (peripheral module interface) is an open standard defined by Digilent in the Pmod Interface Specification for connecting peripheral modules to FPGA and microcontroller development boards using 6 pins. Pmod or Pmods may also refer to modules compatible with the Pmod interface.

Overview
Pmods are available from simple push buttons to more complex modules with network interfaces, analog to digital converters or liquid-crystal displays. These modules can be used with a variety of FPGA or microcontroller development boards from different vendors. The Pmod interface is designed so Pmods can be quickly connected to host boards for prototyping or evaluation purposes without soldering, but Pmods aren't quite plug and play since software and configuration is required.

Pmods come with a standard 6-pin interface of 4 signals, one ground and one power pin. Double and quad Pmods also exist. These duplicate the standard interface to allow more signals to pass through to the module.

Pmods can use either SPI, I2C or UART protocol. With I2C it is possible to use a 4-pin connector. Alternatively the pins 1 to 4 can be used as simple digital I/O pins.

Pinouts

 I2C/UART/SPI:
 INT - interrupt, slave to master, open-collector, active low
 RESET - reset signal, master to slave, active low
 SPI:
 CS - chipselect, active low
 H-bridge
 EN - enable, active high, can be used with PWM
 SenseA/SenseB - input from quadrature encoder for speed and direction

History
Digilent was founded in 2000 by two Washington State University electrical engineering professors.

In 2011, v1.0.0 of Pmod Interface Specification was released.

In January 2013, National Instruments acquired all outstanding shares of Digilent Inc., which became a wholly owned subsidiary.

See also

 Asynchronous serial bus such as RS-232 and RS-422.
 UEXT, a similar "Universal EXTension" connector format also for UART, I2C, and SPI, although separately over 10 wires in a 2x5 layout.
 CRUVI FPGA daughtercard standard with Pmod option

References

External links
 Pmod modules - Digilent
  - YouTube

Electrical signal connectors
Cem Ersoy. Cem Ersoy is a professor at the department of computer engineering at Boğaziçi University, and the President of the IEEE Communications Society Turkish Chapter. Following his election as the head of society, IEEE COMSOC Turkey Section received the Region 8 achievement award for its activities. Also, he is representing Turkey in the European Union ICT COST Action WiNeMO: Wireless Networks for Moving Objects.

Early life and education
Cem Ersoy received his BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, in 1984 and 1986, respectively. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York in 1992.

Career

Ersoy joined Boğaziçi University as a faculty member in 1992.  He initiated the IEEE student branch of Boğaziçi University  as its counsellor and also initiated a series of IEEE Student Summer Conferences. He established the first computer networks research laboratory (NETLAB) in Turkey together with M. Ufuk Caglayan.

He was in the organizing committee of IEEE International Symposium on Computer Communications 2003  and IEEE International Symposium on Computer Networks 2006. He was TPC member for many national and international scientific meetings such as Symposium on European Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2012), Wireless Personal Mobile Computing (WPMC 2012), International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST’2011), Learning Intelligent Optimization (LION 2007).

References

External links 
Google Scholar report for Cem Ersoy
Cem Ersoy, personal page at Boğaziçi University 
https://web.archive.org/web/20120109114136/http://ieee.boun.edu.tr/tarihceboun.html

Academic staff of Boğaziçi University
Living people
Presidents of the IEEE
Turkish computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Vermont Lunar CubeSat. The Vermont Lunar CubeSat is a CubeSat satellite by Vermont Technical College and funded in part by grants from NASA and the Vermont Space Grant Consortium and in part by voluntary donations. The satellite, costing about US$50,000 to build — with NASA offering a free launch as part of the ELaNa program — served as a testing model for guidance and navigation pending future launches. The eventual goal of the project is to build a CubeSat capable of orbiting the Moon.

It was launched on November 19, 2013, from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia as part of a payload containing two NASA, 11 university, one high school, and 14 Air Force CubeSats.  Vermont Lunar is the only non-NASA/USAF CubeSat from this ELaNa IV launch that is fully working.  Eight were never heard from at all. SPARK/Ada 2005 was used, and this is the first spacecraft of any kind programmed in SPARK. The control software contained about 10,000 lines of SPARK/Ada code. The Principal Investigator was Carl Brandon, the Software Supervisor was Peter Chapin, and Dan Turner served as the Principal Developer. This was the first satellite of any kind built by a college or university in New England.

See also

Lunar CubeSats in development
Lunar IceCube
Lunar Flashlight
Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper

References

Spacecraft launched in 2013
CubeSats
Helicat. The Helicat is a marine vessel designed by Sandy Williamson. The vessel resembles a helicopter cabin on a pair of pontoons or a hybrid of a helicopter and catamaran. This recreational vessel is built to quickly and safely navigate rough waters up to 45 mph on only 4-13 gph, and its design prevents water from storing in the cockpit like conventional vessels.

References

External links
Helicat website

Boats
International Year of Crystallography. The International Year of Crystallography (abbreviation: IYCr2014) is an event promoted in the year 2014 by the United Nations to celebrate the centenary of the discovery of X-ray crystallography and to emphasise the global importance of crystallography in human life.

UNESCO and the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) are responsible for this event.

The opening ceremony of the International Year of Crystallography was held in Paris on 20 and 21 January 2014. Many activities will follow to celebrate the International Year of Crystallography all over the world.

The event drew the attention of the BBC and the Spanish newspaper El País.

Participating organisations
Most crystallographic organisation in the world are organizing different events. They include among others the International Union of Crystallography, the European Crystallographic Association, the American Crystallographic Association, the Turkish Crystallographic Association and the German Crystallographic Society, and the Crystallographic Society of Japan.

Commemorative publications
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, India, Israel, Italy, Liechtenstein, North Korea, Mexico, Moldavia, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea and Switzerland issued special stamps for the occasion.

References

External links
 Official site

2014 in science
2014 in international relations
Observances about science
United Nations observances
Jinwen University of Science and Technology. Jinwen University of Science and Technology (JUST; ) is a private university in Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan.

The university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in various fields, including business, engineering, design, and humanities. 

JWUST has six colleges, namely College of Business, College of Engineering, College of Design, College of Humanities, College of Tourism and Hospitality, and College of Continuing Education. Each college offers various undergraduate and graduate programs.

History
JUST was originally established as Jin-Wen College in 1980. In 1998, it was upgraded to Jin-Wen Institute of Technology. In 2007, the college's name was finally upgraded to Jinwen University of Science and Technology.

Faculties
 College of Business Management
 College of Electrical, Information and Resources Engineering
 College of Hospitality and Tourism Management
 College of Humanities and Design

Notable alumni
 Chen Bolin, actor
 Jay Shih, actor, singer and television host

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan
 Jinwen University of Science and Technology light rail station

References

External links
  

1980 establishments in Taiwan
Universities and colleges established in 1980
Universities and colleges in New Taipei
Technical universities and colleges in Taiwan
Private universities and colleges in Taiwan
Kun Shan University. Kun Shan University (KSU; ) is a private university in Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan. KSU is accredited by ACCSB.

KSU offers undergraduate and graduate programs in a variety of fields, including engineering, business, design, health sciences, and humanities.  

The university is known for its strong engineering programs and has partnerships with companies such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and ASE Technology Holding.

History
KSU was founded as Kun Shan Institute of Technology on 29 April 1965. In August 2000, the school was promoted to Kun Shan University.

Faculties
 College of Applied Human Ecology
 College of Business and Management
 College of Creative Media
 College of Engineering
 College of International Study

Transportation
The university is accessible East from Tainan Station of Taiwan Railways.

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links

 

1965 establishments in Taiwan
Educational institutions established in 1965
Technical universities and colleges in Taiwan
Universities and colleges in Tainan
Universities and colleges in Taiwan
Yongkang District
Nan Kai University of Technology. Nan Kai University of Technology (NKUT; ) is a private university in Caotun Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.

NKUT offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines such as engineering, design, management, and humanities. The university has four colleges: the College of Engineering, the College of Design, the College of Management, and the College of Humanities.

History
NKUT was founded as Nan Kai Junior College in 1971. In August 1993, the college was renamed to Nan Kai Junior College of Technology and Commerce. In August 2001, the college was accredited as Nan Kai Institute of Technology. In August 2008, the school was renamed to Nan Kai University of Technology.

Faculties
 College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
 College of Engineering
 College of Extension Education
 College of Human Ecology
 College of Management

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links
 

1971 establishments in Taiwan
Caotun Township
Universities and colleges established in 1971
Technical universities and colleges in Taiwan
Universities and colleges in Nantou County
Universities and colleges in Taiwan
Electricity sector in Mongolia. The electricity sector in Mongolia ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity in Mongolia.

Generation

Capacity
In 2018, Mongolia generated 8.2 TWh of electricity in which 6.5 TWh (79.7%) was generated domestically and 1.7 TWh (20.3%) was imported from China and Russia.

Power plants

In 2010, the total amount of electricity produced by all types of power plant in Mongolia are 4,256.1 GWh (thermal power), 31 GWh (hydroelectric), 13.2 GWh (diesel) and 0.6 GWh (solar and wind).

Fuel types
In 2012, coal was used to generate 98% of the electricity in Mongolia.

Transmission
Due to its large and sparse population, the electrical grid in Mongolia is divided into four areas, which are Central Energy System (CES), Western Energy System, Eastern Energy System and Altai-Uliastai Energy System. The CES is interconnected with electrical grid of Russia at 220kV level.

Distribution
The sole electrical distribution company in Ulaanbaatar is the Ulaanbaatar Electricity Distribution Network.

Consumption 
In the 2023–2024 winter, the maximum electrical load in Mongolia is expected to be about 1,567 MW.

In 2018, much of Mongolia's electricity consumption was driven by industry and construction.

See also
 Energy in Mongolia
 List of electricity sectors

References
Electricity sector in Brunei. The electricity sector in Brunei ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity in Brunei.

Regulator
Electricity sector in Brunei is regulated by the Department of Electrical Services (DES; ) under the Ministry of Energy.

Generation
In 2010, electricity generation in Brunei reached 3,862,000,000 kWh, in which 99% of it was generated from natural gas sources and the remaining 1% was from oil sources.

Power stations
 Belingus Power Station
 Berakas Power Station
 Bukit Panggal Power Station
 Gadong Power Station
 Jerudong Power Station
 Lumut Power Station
 Seria Power Station

Transmission
 66 kV transmission lines from Seria to Bandar Seri Begawan

See also

 Energy in Brunei
 Renewable energy in Brunei
 List of electricity sectors

References

Energy in Brunei
Cycle préparatoire de Bordeaux. The Cycle préparatoire de Bordeaux (CPBx) is a French Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles which prepares students to integrate one of the 9 engineering schools in Bordeaux : ENSC, ENSCBP, ENSEIRB-MATMECA, ENSPIMA, ENSTBB, ENSEGID, ENSGTI, Bordeaux Sciences Agro and ESTIA.

Admission figures
 The number of seats in 2012 was 90 for a total of over 1000 applications. The acceptance rate was less than 9% in 2012.
 In 2013, the number of seats available was 80.
 In 2012, 37% of admitted students had received a 'Mention Très Bien' distinction at Baccalauréat.
 A large proportion of students came from a scientific cursus.

Notes and references 

Universities and colleges in France
Kirandul railway station. Kirandul railway station serves Kirandul, a city in the Dantewada district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh.

History

In 1960, Indian Railways took up three projects: 
 The Kothavalasa–Araku–Koraput–Jeypore–Jagdalpur–Dantewara–Kirandaul line 
 The Jharsuguda–Sambalpur–Bargarh–Balangir–Titlagarh project 
 The Biramitrapur–Rourkela–Bimlagarh–Kiriburu project

All the three projects taken together were popularly known as the DBK Project or the Dandakaranya Bolangir Kiriburu Project (under Dandakaranya Project). The Kothavalasa–Kirandul line was opened in 1966–67 under the South Eastern Railway zone with financial aid from Japan for transporting iron ore. Kirandul railway station was electrified in the year 1980.

Passenger amenities
Only one passenger train comes to this station (Kirandul-Visakhapatnam Passenger). Recently the 08512/08511 Visakhapatnam–Jagdalpur overnight special express train, with special charges, has been extended up to Kirandul. This will be the first express train to Kirandul, apart from 58501/58502 Visakhapatnam–Kirandul–Visakhapatnam passenger.

Train no. 08511 Kirandul–Visakhapatnam special train with special fare will leave Kirandul daily from 21 November to 31 December at 3 p.m. to arrive in Visakhapatnam at 3 a.m. on the following day.

Train no.08512 from Visakhapatnam to Kirandul special train with special fare will leave Visakhapatnam daily from 21 November to 31 December at 10.15 p.m. and reach Kirandul at 10 a.m. on the following day, according to Divisional Commercial Manager (Co.) G. Suneel Kumar.

References

Railway stations in Waltair railway division
Railway stations in Dantewada district
Textile sample. A textile sample is a piece of cloth or fabric designed to represent a larger whole. A small sample, usually taken from existing fabric, is called a swatch, whilst a larger sample, made as a trial to test print production methods, is called a strike off. For plain-dyed fabrics it is called a lab-dip, and for yarn-dyed fabrics (like stripes and checks), it is called a handloom.

The use of swatches has formed an essential part of the design process of textiles throughout different cultures across history. Samples enable designers to display different types of fabric, demonstrating how different colours, materials, trims and methods of weaving will look in real terms—something that may not be readily apparent from a paper of digital design—before the entire fabric is manufactured.

A textile manufacturer may bring together several swatches of materials into a single sample book, which may serve to enable a salesperson to display a wide selection of fabrics to potential customers in a convenient manner. A textile swatch book may also serve as an internal reference for materials that have been made previously and could be manufactured again.

References

Textiles