omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lotte Chemical Pakistan. Lotte Chemical Pakistan Limited is a Pakistani chemicals manufacturer based in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of South Korean multinational Lotte Chemical.

History 
Lotte Chemical Pakistan was initially established by ICI Pakistan. The construction of the plant began in 1996 on a 100-acre site in Port Qasim. The plant was commissioned in May 1998 and originally had a production capacity of 400,000 tons per year. It was built at a cost of $479.9 million with $170 million in equity invested by ICI Pakistan while $22.5 million was funded through term finance certificate issued in 1995 and remaining $281.5 million were raised through long-term loans including $171.2 million provided by commercial banks in 1996. In addition to the main plant, ICI constructed a 34-mile water pipeline at a cost of $30 million, supplying 8.5 million gallons of water daily to the plant. ICI also developed a 220-kilovolt industrial power connection and built a grid station, investing $16 million to provide power to its plant. 

In 2000, it was demerged from ICI Pakistan to form Pakistan PTA Limited.

In 2008, following AkzoNobel's acquisition of Imperial Chemical Industries, it became part of AkzoNobel. A year later, in 2009, KP Chemical, a subsidiary of Lotte Corporation, acquired Pakistan PTA and renamed it as Lotte Pakistan PTA Limited.

In 2012, Lotte commissioned a co-generation plant with a capacity of 40MW. A year later, in 2013, Lotte Pakistan PTA Limited was renamed as Lotte Chemical Pakistan Limited.

References

1998 establishments in Pakistan
Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Companies in the KSE 100 Index
Chemical companies of Pakistan
Pakistani subsidiaries of foreign companies
Peter Leibinger. Peter Leibinger (born 23 April 1967 in Stuttgart) is a German mechanical engineer and manager. He was deputy chairman of the board of the high-tech company Trumpf SE + Co. KG. and has been chairman of the supervisory board since July 2023. He has been president of the Federation of German Industries (BDI) since 2025.

Life 
Peter Leibinger is one of three children born to Berthold Leibinger and Doris Leibinger, née Schaible. His siblings are Nicola Leibinger-Kammüller and the architect Regine Leibinger. Peter Leibinger has been married since 1997 and has four children.

Leibinger studied mechanical engineering at the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) in Aachen. He became deputy chairman of the management board of Trumpf in 2005, after his father Berthold Leibinger († 2018) handed over the management of the company to the next generation of the family; his sister Nicola Leibinger-Kammüller took over as chairwoman. When the company reorganised its group management on 1 July 2017, Peter Leibinger was appointed Chief Technology Officer (CTO). He was responsible for research and development, sales and service, and the development and expansion of new business areas. On 1 July 2023, Peter Leibinger took over as Chairman of the Supervisory Board.

In September 2024, Siegfried Russwurm, then president of the Federation of German Industries (BDI), proposed Leibinger as his successor. In November 2024, the BDI's general assembly followed this proposal and elected Leibinger as BDI president. He took office on 1 January 2025.

Leibinger is involved in various political, scientific and cultural committees. Since 2011, he has been the spokesman of the ‘Photonics and Quantum Systems’ programme committee of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. He is a member of the supervisory board of Kärcher SE, a member of the Senate of acatech – National Academy of Science and Engineering, the advisory board of Deutsche Private Equity (DPE), the university council of HMDK Stuttgart, and the board of trustees of the Arbeitskreis evangelischer Unternehmer e. V.

Honours and awards 

 2011: Honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Dresden
 2021: Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
 2023: Arthur L. Schawlow Award

References 

Living people
German business executives
Mechanical engineers
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1967 births
​
Algaeus. The "Algaeus" was the moniker for a modified Toyata Prius that ran on algal fuel.

The vehicle was produced by Sapphire Energy, maker of an algae-based replacement for gasoline and jet fuel, and was unveiled in front of San Francisco's City Hall on September 8th, 2008. The algae was provided by Sapphire Energy and refined by Syntroleum. The vehicle conducted a 10-city, 3,750-mile pilot demonstration to raise awareness for alternative fuels, which culminated with the New York City premiere of the documentary film Fuel (film), directed by filmmaker and activist Josh Tickell.

The vehicle was intended to provide a model for the viability of algae-based biofuels as a market alternative to fossil fuels. The coast-to-coast promotional tour used only 25 gallons of algal biofuel on an unmodified engine. However, algal biofuel fuel only accounted for 5% of the overall diesel blend, the remainder of which was derived from fossil fuels. The vehicle achieved 147 miles per gallon (mpg) city in plug-in electric hybrid mode (PHEV) and 52 mpg highway in hybrid mode, according to Sapphire Energy.

The endeavor was driven by optimistic market forecasts that predicted billion-gallon scale production of algae fuels by 2014. These estimates and associated investments, which pre-dated the mass commercialization of electric vehicles, did not materialize as predicted.

In this context, the Algaeus, which was never developed for commercial production, could be seen as emblematic of what has been described as "The Great Algae Biofuel Bubble" of 2005 - 2012.

References 

 Biofuels 
 Biomass 
 Economics and climate change 
 Emissions reduction  Fuels 
 Renewable fuels 
 Sustainable technologies
Ghirmay Abraham. Ghirmay Zeray Abraham (born 1977), is an Eritrean business executive and entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and managing director of Aptech Africa, a provider of renewable energy and water solutions across Africa.

Born in Eritrea, Ghirmay studied mechanical engineering at the University of Asmara. After graduation, he pursued a career in the renewable energy sector, focusing on expanding access to electricity and water for underserved communities. Ghirmay's entrepreneurial journey has earned him recognitions such as a Top 10 finalist in the 2021 Africa's Business Heroes (ABH) competition, an initiative by the Jack Ma Foundation.

Biography 
Ghirmay was born in 1977 in Massawa, Eritrea. In 1995, he moved to Asmara to attend Asmara Technical School and continue his bachelor's at University of Asmara. He left Eritrea in 2011 for Uganda and South Sudan to found Aptech Africa. In 2002, he married Meron Habtemarian, and together, they have four children: Sefanit, Abraham, Sina, and Andreas.

Career at Aptech Africa 
In 2011, Ghirmay co-founded Aptech Africa with his brother Metkel Zerai. Aptech founded as a renewable energy company in Juba, South Sudan. As reported Aptech started with $20,000 in personal and family savings. Initially selling solar lanterns, the company secured its first major contract in 2012, installing solar panels at a medical facility.

Under his leadership, Aptech stayed operational amid the South Sudan civil war, taking over abandoned projects. Notably, in 2016, they successfully installed solar systems for five teacher training colleges in South Sudan despite ongoing conflict. Expanding into Uganda in 2016, Aptech grew into niche markets like solar water pumps and refrigeration. The company has since grown into a multinational enterprise, providing solar energy solutions and water pumping systems to communities across Africa. Since its founding, Aptech has operations in African countries including South Sudan, Central African Republic, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, Liberia, DRC, and Niger while being headquartered in Uganda.

In 2019, Aptech named one of the “Companies to Inspire Africa in 2019” by the London Stock Exchange Group. In 2020, Aptech was also named Best in Business honoree by Essence magazine.

Social impact 
Ghirmay drives social impact by improving access to electricity and clean water in underserved African communities where Aptech operates. Through solar energy and water solutions, his work enhances livelihoods, supports food security, and fosters economic empowerment by creating jobs and training opportunities.

Recognitions 

 2019: Ghirmay named among Quartz Africa Innovators 2019.
 2021: Ghirmay named among the 2021 Africa’s Business Heroes winners.
 2025: Ghirmay named among 100 most reputable Africans by The Reputation Poll.

Personal life 
Ghirmay Abraham is married and has four children.

References 

Living people
University of Asmara alumni
Eritrean businesspeople
1977 births
Sweetwater Solar. The Sweetwater Solar PV Park is a 97.8-megawatt photovoltaic power station located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, approximately 11 miles northwest of Green River, along State Highway 372. The project, developed by Clenera, Energy of Utah, was commissioned in December 2018. Covering an area of 703 acres, it generates approximately 186,575 megawatt-hours of electricity annually—enough to power 17,000 households while offsetting 44,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year.

As of 2025, the park is the largest single solar energy facility in Wyoming

Planning
Sweetwater County Commissioners unanimously supported the project, which is located primarily on federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Wildlife impact studies and mitigation strategies were incorporated into the project to address concerns regarding birds, bats, and other native species such as bighorn sheep and pronghorn.

Construction 
The $157.7 million project uses ground-mounted single-axis tracker solar panels supplied by NEXTracker and 250,000 photovoltaic modules manufactured by Hanwha Q CELLS. It also utilizes 30 inverters from Sungrow Power Supply. Construction began on July 1, 2018, and was completed within six months, creating up to 300 jobs during the process.

Electricity production 

The electricity generated by the park is sold to Rocky Mountain Power under a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The site was chosen for its open space, proximity to energy infrastructure, and its alignment with Wyoming’s push towards renewable energy.

References

Solar energy in the United States
Troy Meink. Troy E. Meink is an American government official who is the nominee to serve as Secretary of the Air Force. He previously served as the principal deputy director of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).

Early life
Meink is from Lemmon, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he received a degree in mechanical engineering in 1988. He later attended Ohio State University, earning a master's degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering in 1995 and a doctorate in the field in 1999.

Career
Meink entered the United States Air Force in 1988 through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program at South Dakota State University. He started his career as a KC-135 tanker navigator and instructor and then a lead test engineer for the design and evaluation of ballistic missile test vehicles for the Missile Defense Agency. While a KC-135 tanker navigator, he was stationed at Grissom Air Force Base and served during the Gulf War in Iraq.

Meink subsequently led development for the Military Satellite Communications Joint Program Office and served as program director for the Transformational Satellite Communications System. He was a director in the office of the assistant secretary of defense and a director for signal intelligence systems acquisition for the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) from 2006 to 2013.

Meink then served as the Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force for Space from November 2013 to June 2014. Afterwards, he was assistant director of national intelligence for systems and resource analyses from 2014 to 2017, before becoming the director of Geospatial Intelligence Systems Acquisition at the NRO. In October 2020, he was appointed the principal deputy director of the NRO by President Donald Trump. In this position, he oversaw a budget of over $15 billion to develop satellite capabilities.

On January 16, 2025, President-elect Trump announced Meink as the nominee to serve as United States Secretary of the Air Force.

References

Biden administration personnel
First Trump administration personnel
Living people
Military personnel from South Dakota
National Reconnaissance Office personnel
Ohio State University alumni
People from Lemmon, South Dakota
Second Trump administration personnel
South Dakota State University alumni
United States Air Force personnel of the Gulf War

Year of birth missing (living people)
Strontium thiocyanate. Strontium thiocyanate refers to the salt .  It is a colorless solid.  According to X-ray crystallography, it is a coordination polymer. The Sr2+ ions are each coordinated to eight thiocyanate anions in a distorted square antiprismatic molecular geometry where each square face contains two adjacent S atoms and two adjacent N atoms. The motif is reminiscent of the fluorite structure. The same structure is observed for Ca(SCN)2, Ba(SCN)2, and Pb(SCN)2.

References

Thiocyanates
Strontium compounds
AlvaDesc. AlvaDesc is a commercial software application for the calculation and analysis of molecular descriptors, fingerprints, and structural patterns. Developed by Alvascience, alvaDesc is used in cheminformatics and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to numerically describe molecular structures, aiding in chemical property prediction and machine learning applications.

Overview

Molecular descriptors and fingerprints serve as mathematical representations of chemical compounds, enabling computational models to predict properties such as bioactivity, toxicity, and solubility.

Features

AlvaDesc supports the calculation of molecular descriptors and fingerprints across multiple categories:
 0D–3D molecular descriptors: including constitutional indices, topological indices, connectivity indices, geometrical descriptors, pharmacophore descriptors, charge descriptors, and more.
 Molecular properties: including LogP (octanol-water partition coefficient), molar refractivity, polar surface area (PSA), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and hydrogen bond donors/acceptors.
 Molecular fingerprints: including MACCS keys, Extended Connectivity Fingerprints (ECFP), Path-based fingerprints.
 Structural pattern detection: alvaDesc allows the identification of structural patterns in molecules using SMARTS-based matching, enabling the analysis of functional groups, substructures, and chemical motifs. 
 3D coordinate calculation: alvaDesc can generate 3D molecular structures from 1D/2D representations. The 3D coordinates calculation is performed using a Distance Geometry (DG) method, followed by a Force Field (FF) optimization.
 Descriptor analysis tools: including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), t-SNE analysis, correlation analysis, variable reduction.
 Support for disconnected structures: Handles salts, mixtures, ionic liquids, and metal complexes.
 Cross-platform compatibility: Available for Windows, macOS, and Linux, supporting both graphical user interface (GUI) and command-line interface (CLI).
 KNIME and Python integration: alvaDesc can be integrated into cheminformatics workflows using the KNIME analytics platform and Python scripting.

See also

 Molecular descriptor
 Topological index
 Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)

References

Computational chemistry software
Cheminformatics
Codesmith. Codesmith is a New York-based technology school specializing in software engineering, artificial Intelligence and machine learning.

Codesmith was founded by Will Sentance and Alex Zai in 2015.

Codesmith’s curriculum was inspired by the Socratic method employed at Oxford University and features both conceptual learning and practice-based methods such as pair programming.Codesmith also offers training in computer science, JavaScript, and mobile development.Codesmith’s curriculum also includes React and Node.js coding. Codesmith also offers a Minorities in Tech Mentorship Group for underprivileged groups.

The company was initially based in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Playa Vista.

In 2016, Codesmith started offering on-site programs in New York and Los Angeles, alongside remote programs for both campuses.

Codesmith’s offerings include its part-time and full-time software engineering immersive programs. In addition, Codesmith provides free public resources, including workshops and lectures, which prospective students often use to prepare for the application and technical interview process.

References 

Artificial intelligence companies
Software companies
Technology companies
Technology companies based in New York (state)
2015 establishments
2015 establishments in the United States
2015 establishments in New York (state)
Coding schools
Education companies established in 2015
Educational organizations based in the United States
American educational websites
1,3-Bis(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)urea. 1,3-Bis(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)urea is an aliphatic organic chemical principally used as a curing agent in epoxy chemistry and a blowing agent in the polyurethane foam industry. It has the formula C11H26N4O. It is on TSCA and also on EINECS and thus by definition, REACH registered with a number of 257-861-2. The CAS number is 52338-87-1.

Uses
As the material has tertiary amine functionality, it finds use as a catalyst for polyurethane foam production.
The molecule has two secondary amines and thus can be used to cure epoxy resin based materials. Other uses include as a propellant and also blowing agents. The amine functionality allows it to be used as an intermediate to synthesize other compounds.

References 

Ureas
Tertiary amines
Catalysts
Secondary amines
Dimethylamino compounds
Ishiyagawa Depot. of the Hanshin Electric Railway is a Japanese traction maintenance depot situated between  and  stations of the Hanshin Main Line. It is situated in Higashinada Ward, Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture.

History
Initially there was a depot next to Shinzaike station, but it was closed in July 1967 when the line from Ishiyagawa to Nishinada was grade-separated by elevating it. The new depot at Ishiyagawa was opened on 18 April 1968 and was the first elevated train depot in Japan, being built out of reinforced concrete. At the ground level there was a Sumitomo Rubber Industries facility. 

The original structure collapsed in the aftermath of the Great Hanshin earthquake on 17 January 1995, which occurred at 5:46 in the morning. Aside from disruptions caused on the Hanshin Main Line, 58 cars stabled at the depot were also damaged and 24 had to be scrapped after being declared damaged beyond repair. The depot was then closed for repairs until the original structure was cleared out and replaced with a new one, which opened on 20 March 1996. With this reconstruction, the capacity of cars that can fit in the depot increased from 76 to 84. After this, the ground level was occupied by Konan Shoji, then Kojima Co. Ltd, before finally hosting two different stores (Hankyu Oasis and Sugi Pharmacy respectively).

The depot also hosts trains of the Sanyo Electric Railway and those of Kinki Nippon Railway.

References

Railway depots
Hanshin Main Line
Raphaël Larrère. Raphaël Larrère (12 April 1942 – 4 January 2025) was a French agricultural engineer and researcher who specialized in environmental ethics.

Life and career
Born on 12 April 1942, Larrère studied agronomic engineering with a concentration in zootechnics from the Institut national agronomique Paris Grignon. In 1966, he began his researching career at the Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) in the department of rural sociology in 1966. He also served as president of the scientific council of Mercantour National Park. Prior to his retirement, he was a project manager at INRA.

Larrère died on 4 January 2025, at the age of 82.

Publications
Des hommes et des forêts (with Olivier Nougarède, 1993)
Le loup, l'agneau et l'éleveur (1999)
La crise environnementale (1997)
Du bon usage de la nature : pour une philosophie de l'environnement (1997)
Histoire des parcs nationaux : comment prendre soin de la nature ? ( with  and Martine Berlan-Darqué, 2009)
Cueillir la montagne : à travers landes, pâtures et sous-bois (with Martin de La Soudière, 2010)
Penser et agir avec la nature : une enquête philosophique (with Catherine Larrère, 2015)
Le Pire n'est pas certain : Essai sur l'aveuglement catastrophiste (with Catherine Larrère, 2020)

References

1942 births
2025 deaths
French agronomists
KaGeM V3. The KaGeM V3 is a next generation smart air launched cruise missile developed jointly by Baykar Technologies and NASTP for the Pakistan Air Force. It is currently undergoing development phase and it's existence was revealed to the public in 2023.

Overview 
Since 2019, the PAF has been revamping it's drone fleet with procurements of both locally made (GIDS Shahpar) and Turkish made (e.g-Akıncı) UCAVs. The KaGeM-V3 in this case is an attempt to develop a local smart munition for use by PAF UCAVs. 

KaGeM V3 is reportedly a further development of the KEMANKEŞ 2 smart munition which is developed by Baykar. While little is known about the smart munition with no official details from Baykar and NASTP, it will reportedly feature an airbreathing Turbojet engine and a single-piece horizontal wing which makes it heavier than it's predecessor. Furthermore, it will also feature Artificial Intelligence based autopilot and guidance system which will enhance it's flight capabilities. The KaGeM's has a 20kg warhead capacity which can be equipped with conventional style shaped, fragmentation and HE warheads.

Operators

See also 
 Brimstone (missile)

References 

Air-to-surface missiles of Pakistan
Cruise missiles of Pakistan
Military equipment introduced in the 2020s
Naval cruise missiles
Anti-ship cruise missiles of Pakistan