omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jason-class tank landing ship. The Jason-class tank landing ship (Hellenic: αρματαγωγό κλάσσης Ιάσων, literally tank-carrier of class Jason) is a class of tank landing ships (LSTs) designed and built in Greece through a cooperation of the Elefsis Shipyards with the National Technical University of Athens and the Hellenic Navy, which ordered the ships in 1986. Along with the , they are the primary amphibious warfare ships of the Hellenic Navy. The first was laid down on 18 April 1987, second in September 1987, third in May 1988, fourth in April 1989 and fifth in November 1989. Completion of all five and in particular the last three was severely delayed by the shipyard's financial problems, which was privatised in October 1997. Greece tried to start building a sixth ship in 2000 but cancelled it before construction began.

The ships are capable of transporting 350 infantry troops, but they can transport up to 1,200 infantry for short distances, and they can also carry up to 22 main battle tanks (MBTs) or a variety of other equipment such as armoured personnel carriers (APCs), howitzers, MLRS launchers, trucks, etc.

The Hellenic Navy used the Jason-class ships to replace older American landing ships from the Second World War era. The Hellenic Navy preferred to not buy new ships from other nations in order to acquire experience in the design and construction of warships entirely in Greece.

Although the new ships replaced Second World War-era LSTs, the Hellenic Navy did not equip the Jason-class ships with marine fighting vehicles (such as BMP-3F) and therefore Greek marines have to use tactical landing methods similar to those of the Second World War era. Although, Greece purchased 76 AAV-7A1 RAMS from EDA of USMC in 2022. Each landing ship can carry up to 15 AAV-7 and 300 Marines. The ships also use two types of Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVPs): the type 36 and the type 36F (with F meaning Fast).

Ships

Armament and sensors
Each ship of the class is armed with one Oto Melara 76 mm/62 Mod 9 compact naval gun, two Breda 40 mm/70 guns and two smaller Rheinmetall 20 mm guns in twin mounts. A serious drawback of the ships is the lack of a modern CIWS system.

The main radar of the ships is the Thomson-CSF TRS-3030 Triton G which is a G-band, 2D Surface-to-Air & Surface-to-Surface Radar. The ships have installed the Thomson-CSF Vega II command and control system which includes the Pollux TRS3220 fast-scanning radar as a fire control radar system.

References

External links
 Jason class landing ship, Hellenic Navy official website

Jason class LST
Tank landing ships
Sonex Xenos. The Xenos is a light, aluminum, low-wing, two seat homebuilt aircraft, that can be registered as a motor glider or a light-sport aircraft (ELSA). Kits are produced and marketed by Sonex Aircraft, a small manufacturer based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Design and development
The Xenos motor glider is an evolution of the Monnett Moni motor glider.

After the introduction of the original Xenos model, the Xenos-B model was introduced in January 2017. Shipments of the "B" model began in March 2017. In response to customer demand, the "B" model included modifications that had already been incorporated into the Sonex and Waiex "B" models. The modifications included enlarging the fuselage to provide more shoulder, hip, knee and foot room. Also, the seat was moved back and staggered seating can be added by the use of seat cushions. The control stick was changed to a "Y" stick, the instrument panel enlarged, fuel capacity increased by , plus a number of improvements to speed construction time.

Specifications (Xenos-B)

References

External links

2000s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Monnett aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Xenos
Low-wing aircraft
Kanayama Dam. The Kanayama Dam (金山ダム) is the only Hollow Concrete Gravity dam in Hokkaidō, Japan. The dam was constructed for the purposes of flood control and water use (irrigation, water supply, and hydro electric power generation). The dam produces anywhere from 12,000 kW to 25,000 kW of hydro electric power.

References 

Dams in Hokkaido
Dams completed in 1967
Akiak Airport. Akiak Airport  is a state-owned public-use airport serving Akiak, a city in the Bethel Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

According to Federal Aviation Administration records, this airport had 1,983 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2007, an increase of 34% from the 1,483 enplanements in 2006.

Facilities 
Akiak Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 30 feet (9 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway (3/21) with a gravel surface measuring 3,196 by 75 feet (974 x 23 m). The runway was extended and widened from its former size of .

Airlines and destinations 

Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.

Statistics

See also
 List of airports in Alaska

References

External links 
 FAA Alaska airport diagram (GIF)
 
 

Airports in the Bethel Census Area, Alaska
Benjamin F. Logan. Benjamin Franklin "Tex" Logan, Jr. (June 6, 1927 – April 24, 2015) was an American electrical engineer and bluegrass music fiddler.
Born in Coahoma, Texas, Logan earned a B.Sc. in electrical engineering at Texas Tech University, then Texas Technological College, in Lubbock, Texas, studied for a B.Sc. in engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1946–51), and completed a M.Sc. (1956). He then moved to New Jersey where he joined Bell Labs (1956) and started his doctoral studies at Columbia University.  There he earned a Ph.D. in electrical engineering with his dissertation "Properties of High-Pass Signals" (1965).  Logan joined the communication theory department at Bell Labs (1956) where he and others demonstrated the use of computer simulation in the study of reverberation in digital audio, and did joint work with Manfred R. Schroeder who later pioneered MP3 audio (1961). He was with the mathematics center (1963–93) where he contributed to the theory of signals.

As was his father Frank, Logan was a fiddler.  He played with Mike Seeger in the late 1950s, with The Lilly Brothers & Don Stover and Bill Monroe in the 1960s, and with Peter Rowan in the 1980s.  He performed on several records and international tours, and had minor roles in movies as well.  Logan wrote "Christmas Time's A-Coming", a song made popular by Bill Monroe that has been recorded by many performers, including Johnny Cash, Emmylou Harris, Sammy Kershaw, Rhonda Vincent, and Patty Loveless, among others; and "Diamond Joe" recorded by Bob Dylan. In 1969, Logan played fiddle on the Bee Gees' 1969 song "Give Your Best", released on the band's sixth album Odessa.

Logan died April 24, 2015, in Morristown, New Jersey, by the side of his daughter, Jody.

See also
Shepp–Logan phantom
Hook length formula
Ridge function

References

http://bluegrasstoday.com/tex-logan-remembered/

External links

Videos: Tex's 85th Birthday Celebration 2012
Tribute Page - incl. videos & photos of April 30, 2015 Memorial Events

People from Howard County, Texas
1927 births
2015 deaths
American bluegrass fiddlers
Songwriters from Texas
Scientists at Bell Labs
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Texas Tech University alumni
American electrical engineers
Country musicians from Texas
Crookston Municipal Airport. Crookston Municipal Airport , also known as Kirkwood Field, is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (7 km) north of the central business district of Crookston, a city in Polk County, Minnesota, United States.

History
The airport provided contract glider training to the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1944. Training was provided by L. Millar-Wittig. There was a turf 5,000' all-way airfield for landings and takeoffs. Using primarily C-47 Skytrains and Waco CG-4 non-powered gliders. The mission of the school was to train glider pilot students in proficiency of operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight, both day and night, and in servicing of the gliders on the field.

Facilities and aircraft
Crookston Municipal Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 899 feet (274 m) above mean sea level. It has three runways: 13/31 is 4,300 by 75 feet (1,311 x 23 m) with an asphalt surface; 17/35 is 2,977 by 202 feet (907 x 62 m) with a turf surface; 6/24 is 2,096 by 202 feet (639 x 62 m) with a turf surface.

For the 12-month period ending August 31, 2006, the airport had 20,150 aircraft operations, an average of 55 per day: 94% general aviation, 5% air taxi and less than 1% military. In March 2017, there were 36 aircraft based at this airport: all 36 single-engine.

See also
 List of airports in Minnesota

 Minnesota World War II Army Airfields
 29th Flying Training Wing (World War II)

References

Other sources
 
 Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas 
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC.

External links
 Crookston Municipal Airport (Kirkwood Field) at Minnesota DOT airport directory
 
 

1942 establishments in Minnesota
Airports established in 1942
USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
USAAF Glider Training Airfields
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Minnesota
Airports in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Polk County, Minnesota
Transportation in Polk County, Minnesota
Gary McGraw. Gary McGraw is an American computer scientist, author, and researcher.

Education 
McGraw holds a dual PhD in Cognitive Science and Computer Science from Indiana University and a BA in Philosophy from the University of Virginia. His doctoral dissertation is titled "Letter Spirit: Emergent High-Level Perception of Letters Using Fluid Concepts."

Career 
McGraw was the Vice President of Security Technology at Synopsys. Before Cigital was acquired by Synopsys, he was Chief Technical Officer at Cigital. He produced the Silver Bullet Security Podcast for IEEE Security & Privacy magazine (syndicated by informIT). 
  Gary McGraw serves on the Dean's Advisory Council for the School of Informatics of Indiana University. He also serves on the advisory boards of several companies, including Dasient (acquired by Twitter), Fortify Software (acquired by Hewlett-Packard), Max Financial, Invotas, Wall+Main, Invincea (acquired by Sophos), and Raven White. In the past, Gary McGraw has served on the IEEE Computer Society Board of Governors.

Books
Gary is an author of many books and over 100 peer-reviewed publications on IT security.
 Software Security: Building Security In, 
 Exploiting Software: How to Break Code (with Greg Hoglund), 
 Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way (with John Viega), 
 Java Security (with Edward Felten), 
 Exploiting Online Games: Cheating Massively Distributed Systems (with Greg Hoglund), 
 Software Security Engineering: A Guide for Project Managers (with Julia H. Allen, Sean J. Barnum, Robert J. Ellison, and Nancy R. Mead) 
 Software Fault Injection (with Jeffrey M. Voas) 
 Securing Java: Getting Down to Business with Mobile Code (with Edward Felten),

Notes

References
Ben Rothke. "Software Security: Building Security In", Security Management magazine
Radu State. Review of "Software Security: Building Security In by Gary McGraw", ACM Queue 4(7):44 (2006)
"Software Security : Building Security In", Palizine, Issue #18 February 2006
Robert Bruen. "Software Security. Building Security In", Cipher (IEEE magazine), Jan 5, 2006 
Alen Prodan. "Exploiting Software: How to Break Code", Help Net Security, 21 July 2004
A. Mariën. Review of "Exploiting Software: How to Break Code by Greg Hoglund and Gary McGraw", ACM Queue, 3(4):60 (2005) 
Robert Bruen. "Exploiting Software. How to Break Code", Cipher (IEEE magazine), January 13, 2004 
Aleksandar Stancin. "Building Secure Software: How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way", Help Net Security
Robert Bruen. "Building Secure Software. How to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way", Cipher (IEEE magazine), January 9, 2002 
Diomidis Spinellis. "Book review: Building Secure Software: how to Avoid Security Problems the Right Way", ACM Computing Reviews, 43(4):103–104, April 2002.

External links
 Gary McGraw's personal home page

1966 births
Living people
American technology writers
Writers about computer security
Indiana University alumni
University of Virginia alumni
Shipbuilding in Russia. Shipbuilding is a developed industry in Russia. The main short-term plan of the industry is the Complex Program to Advance Production of the Shipbuilding Industry on the Market between 2008 and 2015, which was approved by the Russian Government in October 2006. It envisages the establishment of a scientific center at the Krylov Institute, two engineering centers and three shipbuilding centers, the Western, Northern and Far Eastern Centers.

The main long-term plan is the "Strategy for developing the shipbuilding industry until 2020 and the future perspective".

Shipyards

Included United Shipbuilding Corporation (state corporation)

Western region (center in St. Petersburg)

Northern Region (center in Severodvinsk)

Far East Region (center in Vladivostok)

Central Region

Southern Region

Design Bureau

Other

See also 
 List of shipyards of the Soviet Union
 List of Russian naval engineers
 Defense industry of Russia
 Russian Navy
 Future of the Russian Navy
 Russian floating nuclear power station

References 

Economy of Russia
Russia
Copper cladding. There are four main techniques used today in the UK and mainland Europe for copper cladding a building:
 seamed-cladding (typically 0.7 mm thick copper sheet on the facade): max 600 mm by 4000 mm 'seam centres'.
 shingle-cladding (typically made from 0.7 mm thick copper sheet): max 600 mm by 4000 mm 'seam centres'.
 slot-in panels (typically made from 1.0 mm thick copper sheet): max 350 mm wide for 1.0 mm, by nominal 4 m length.
 cassettes (typically made from 1.0 mm up to 1.5 mm thick copper sheet): largest-format cladding elements, more subframing is needed: can be 900 mm x nominal 4000 mm length.

When selecting size of a cladding element, take wind-loadings into account, and also consider the standard sizes available of the sheet (or coil) pre-material, to minimise material wastage through off-cuts. This helps to reduce costs.

The choice of which system to use depends on the aesthetic effect required, and building geometry can also have an influence on the choice.

Copper cladding is very durable, lightweight compared to other materials and techniques, and at the end of the building life is also 100% recyclable.

Depending on metal prices, copper may be a very cost-effective cladding and roofing material. With good building design, materials choice and craftsmanship, copper roofing or facade cladding may be cheaper than slates or concrete tiles, especially when one takes into account the lasting colour, durability, maintenance-free and lightweight nature of the cladding.

Because the UK code of practice for "hard metal" cladding (as opposed to lead cladding) is quite old – CP143: part 12 (1970) – the major manufacturers have to provide detailed technical advice and information for architects, designers and builders, and cultivate skilled installers with years of experience to draw on.

Typically, an installer of hard metal roofing and cladding must put in around 8–10 years on-the-job in order to achieve a respectable experience on a work site.

See also
 Copper in architecture: Wall cladding

References

Copper
Building materials
Roofing materials
German submarine U-84 (1941). German submarine U-84 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was launched on 26 February 1941 and commissioned on 29 April 1941. She operated during the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War.

Design
German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. U-84 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-84 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one  anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
U-84 carried out eight patrols and accounted for six ships sunk and one ship damaged during World War II. She operated in the Gulf of Mexico for a time. Commanded by Captain Uphoff, U-84 torpedoed the freighter Baja California just forward of midships whilst in the Gulf of Mexico on 19 July 1942 at 06:45. Baja California sank in about  of water about  southwest of Fort Myers, Florida.  Baja California, en route from New Orleans, Louisiana to Key West, was carrying a load of general cargo which included glassware.

Fate

U-84 was sunk while under the command of Horst Uphoff on 7 August 1943 in the North Atlantic, in position  by a Mk 24 homing torpedo dropped on it by a US B24 Liberator aircraft (VB-105/B-4 USN). 46 dead (all hands lost).

Wolfpacks

U-84 took part in seventeen wolfpacks, namely:
 Grönland (16 – 27 August 1941) 
 Markgraf (27 August – 13 September 1941) 
 Schlagetot (20 October – 1 November 1941) 
 Raubritter (1 – 4 November 1941) 
 Seydlitz (27 December 1941 – 13 January 1942) 
 Zieten (13 – 22 January 1942) 
 Endrass (12 – 17 June 1942) 
 Panther (6 – 20 October 1942) 
 Veilchen (20 October – 5 November 1942) 
 Kreuzotter (9 – 19 November 1942) 
 Sturmbock (21 – 26 February 1943) 
 Wildfang (26 February – 5 March 1943) 
 Raubgraf (7 – 20 March 1943) 
 Seewolf (24 – 30 March 1943) 
 Adler (7 – 13 April 1943) 
 Meise (13 – 20 April 1943) 
 Specht (21 – 25 April 1943)

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIB submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1941
U-boats sunk in 1943
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
World War II submarines of Germany
1941 ships
Ships built in Lübeck
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in August 1943
Quick access recorder. A quick access recorder (QAR) is an airborne flight recorder designed to provide quick and easy access to raw flight data, through means such as USB or cellular network connections and/or the use of standard flash memory cards. QARs are typically used by airlines to improve flight safety and operational efficiency, usually in the scope of their flight operational quality assurance plans. Like the aircraft's flight data recorder (FDR), a QAR receives its inputs from the Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), recording over 2000 flight parameters. The QAR is also able to sample data at much higher rates than the FDR and, in some cases, for longer periods of time. Unlike the FDR, the QAR usually is not required by a national Civil Aviation Authority on commercial flights and is not designed to survive an accident. Despite this, some QARs have survived accidents and provided valuable information beyond what was recorded by the FDR.

The quick access recorder was pioneered by British European Airways (BEA) on its Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft in the 1960s as a requirement to prove the safety of the aircraft's autoland system for certification of the autoland system by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Quick access recorders are installed in all aircraft operated by BEA's successor airline, British Airways (BA). Data from the Penny & Giles quick access recorder of a BA Boeing 747-400 London-Bangkok flight in which the aircraft suffered un-commanded elevator movement and momentary elevator reversal caused Boeing to implement a change in the elevator servo valve design, a modification that was applied to all Boeing 747s in service, and suspicion of a similar original valve design arising from this BA data was subsequently used by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) in the determining of the causes of the crashes of United Airlines Flight 585 and USAir Flight 427.

Earlier, data from a Trident's quick access recorder had provided the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) with useful supplemental data over-and-above that of the aircraft's flight data recorder that helped the diagnosing of the cause of the 1972 British European Airways Flight 548, the "Staines air disaster" where the Trident's leading edge droop flaps had been retracted too early and at too low an airspeed.

References 

Aircraft instruments
Aircraft recorders
Hypertree network. A hypertree network is a network topology that shares some traits with the binary tree network. It is a variation of the fat tree architecture.

A hypertree of degree k depth d may be visualized as a 3-dimensional object whose front view is the top-down complete k-ary tree of depth d and the side view is the bottom-up complete binary tree of depth d.

Hypertrees were proposed in 1981 by James R. Goodman and Carlo Sequin.

Hypertrees are a choice for parallel computer architecture, used, e.g., in the connection machine CM-5.

References

Network topology
Potassium bifluoride. Potassium bifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula . This colourless salt consists of the potassium cation () and the bifluoride anion (). The salt is used as an etchant for glass. Sodium bifluoride is related and is also of commercial use as an etchant as well as in cleaning products.

Synthesis and reactions
The salt was prepared by Edmond Frémy by treating potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid:

With one more equivalent of HF,  (CAS RN 12178-06-2,  71.7 °C) is produced:

Thermal decomposition of  gives hydrogen fluoride:

Applications
The industrial production of fluorine entails the electrolysis of molten  and . The electrolysis of  was first used by Henri Moissan in 1886.

See also
 Ammonium bifluoride
 Bifluoride anion

References

Inorganic compounds
Potassium compounds
Metal halides
Bifluorides
Alkali metal fluorides
Roger Nokes. Roger I. Nokes (born 13 August 1958) is an emeritus professor in the Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, specialising in fluid mechanics and is also a chess master. 
Nokes was a university council member, was head of the Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering between 2009 and 2012 (coinciding with the 2010 and 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes) and has achieved a number of teaching awards. Nokes is a member of the Royal Society of New Zealand.

Teaching awards
 1993 – University of Auckland University Teaching Medal
 2001 – UCSA Best Lecturer at the University of Canterbury
 2003 – University of Canterbury University Teaching Award
 2006 – National Tertiary Teaching Excellence Award
 2008 – UCSA Best Lecturer at the University of Canterbury

Chess career
In 1980 Nokes was joint New Zealand Chess Champion with Ortvin Sarapu and Vernon Small and represented New Zealand at the Chess Olympiad in 1982, 2004, 2006, and 2008. He is a FIDE Master.

Private life
Nokes lives in Golden Bay / Mohua's Tata Beach. He offers a chess club for students at Golden Bay High School.

Notes

External links
Prof. Roger Nokes – University of Canterbury Staff Profile

1958 births
Living people
New Zealand chess players
Academic staff of the University of Canterbury
Chess Olympiad competitors
Chess FIDE Masters
People from Golden Bay