omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Design controls. Design controls designates the application of a formal methodology to the conduct of product development activities.
It is often mandatory (by regulation) to implement such practice when designing and developing products within regulated industries (e.g. medical devices).

Medical devices 

Since 1990, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required that medical device manufacturers that want to market certain categories of medical devices in the USA follow Design Control requirements (21 CFR 820.30). At a high level, this regulation requires:
 Design and development planning
 Design input, including intended use and user needs (also known as customer attributes)
 Design output, including evaluation of conformance to design input requirements through:
 Design verification confirming that the design output meets the design input requirements ("did we design the device right?")
 Design validation ensuring that the devices conform to defined user needs and intended uses ("did we design the right device?")
 Design review
 Design transfer ensuring that the device design is correctly translated into production specifications
 Design changes
 Design history file, a demonstration that the design was developed according to the approved design plan and 21 CFR 820.30.

The Medical Devices Directive (MDD 93/42/EEC) similarly lists several requirements regarding the design of a medical device. The Medical Devices Regulation (MDR (EU) 2017/745), replacing the MDD from 2021, requires information to allow the design stages applied to the device to be understood as part of the design and manufacturing information of a technical documentation for a medical device.

ISO 13485 is a voluntary standard that contains section 7.3 Design and Development recommending which procedures should be put in place by manufacturers in order to have a quality system that will comply with MDD 93/42/EEC and the MDR.

The objective of Design Controls, in this context, is to require that manufacturers follow a methodologically-sound process to develop a medical device, with the intent of improving the probability that the device will reach an acceptable level of efficacy and safety.

Design input 
Examples of design input:

References and external links
 21 CFR 820.30 on the FDA website 
 MDD 93/42/EEC

References 

Design
Food and Drug Administration
Regulation of medical devices
TBS GB. TBS GB (Telematic and Biomedical Services Great Britain) is the UK arm of the ITAL TBS group of companies. ITAL TBS is a provider of healthcare and clinical engineering in Europe, with total revenue of US$200 million in 2006. The company is privately owned; shareholders include GE, the Generali group and the company managers.

History 
ITAL TBS was established in the 1980s as an advanced research provider in a research environment. In 2004 the company acquired the clinical engineering arm of GE Healthcare in Europe.

References 

 
Health care companies of the United Kingdom
Adolphe Bazaine-Vasseur. Pierre-Dominique "Adolphe" Bazaine (1 December 1809 – 1893), was a French railway engineer. He was a regional engineer with the highways department at Altkirch, subsequently becoming director of railways for Alsace.

Early life 
Son of Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786–1838), also an engineer, and of Mary Madeleine Josèphe (known as Mélanie) Vasseur. Adolphe was the elder brother of François Achille Bazaine, the Marshal of France. Adolphe entered École polytechnique in 1827, and then the school of the department of civil engineering.

Career 

Bazaine was appointed engineer of district of the department of civil engineering to Altkirch (High Rhine). Adolphe Bazaine was then given responsibility for the construction of the railway line from Mulhouse to Thann; then, with Mr. Chaperone, he established the project of the section Strasburg Bâle.  He remained there, overseeing the railways of Alsace up to 1842.  He was then given the project of building the canal of the Sauldre from 1 January 1849, replacing Charles Augustus Machart, but in fact his activity principally consisted of prepare and carry out the liquidation of the Workshops. He finished Sauldre on 1 May 1849.  Afterwards, he supervised different railway businesses in the North, the Bourbonnais (the line from Andrézieux to Le Coteau from 1855), and the Charentes (Company of the Charentes from 1862).

Bazaine was in communication with the utopian socialists Charles Fourier and Victor Considérant (his fellow student polytechnicien of the graduate class of 1826), who after the failure of the revolutionary attempt of 13 June 1849, took refuge at his house while awaiting to be able to flee in Belgium.

Personal life 

Bazaine was the brother-in-law of the engineer and physicist Paul Émile Clapeyron, spouse of Mélanie Bazaine-Vasseur.

He married Georgina Elizabeth Hayter, daughter of the Victorian court painter Sir George Hayter and they had 3 children Achille (George), Adolphe and George (Albert).

Awards 

By decree on 15 April 1841, Bazaine was made a Knight of France's Legion of Honour By decree on 5 August 1861 he was promoted in rank to the rank of Officer in the Legion of Honour award system.

Works 
 Études sur les voies communication: I. Chemins vicinaux

References

See also
 Legion of Honour
 Legion of Honour Museum 
 List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (B)
 Ribbons of the French military and civil awards

1809 births
1893 deaths
People from Versailles
École Polytechnique alumni
Officers of the Legion of Honour
19th-century French engineers
Mohr pipette. A Mohr pipette, also known as a graduated pipette, is a type of pipette used to measure the volume of the liquid dispensed, although not as accurately as a volumetric pipette. These use a series of marked lines (as on a graduated cylinder) to indicate the different volumes. They come in a variety of sizes, and are used much like a burette, in that the volume is found by calculating the difference of the liquid level before and after.

The last graduation mark is some distance from the tip, to avoid errors in measuring the narrower volume of the nozzle.
It was invented by Karl Friedrich Mohr, the father of volumetric analysis.

References 

Volumetric instruments
New South Wales C30T class locomotive. The C30T class is an old class of steam locomotives rebuilt from 30 class tank engines by Clyde Engineering and Eveleigh Railway Workshops for the New South Wales Government Railways of Australia.

History
Following the electrification of the Sydney inner suburban lines from 1926, 77 of the 30 class 4-6-4 tank locomotives were converted to tender type. This was achieved by cutting off the frames at the rear of the cab and removing the side tanks. There was no need to build tenders as there were a number on hand from scrapped locomotives or from locomotives where the original tenders had been replaced, notably 50 class locomotives.

The first locomotive to be converted was Engine No. 3088 which was delivered by Clyde Engineering on 22 August 1928. This company delivered a total of 10 conversions of these engines, the remainder being carried out at the New South Wales Government Railways' Eveleigh Railway Workshops. All of the engines were completed by July 1933. On conversion, the suffix 'T' was added to their numbers, on official correspondence only. The numbers were not altered on the locomotives.

Between September 1940 to April 1957, 28 engines were fitted with superheaters. This work included fitting new cylinders with piston valves and extended smokeboxes. Most of the 28 superheated C30Ts received riveted on 'drumhead' extensions to their smokeboxes. Some engines were given entirely new extended smokeboxes fully supported by the frames, giving these few a more modern, purposeful look. Superheated locomotives had the further suffix 'S' to their numbers, on official correspondence only.

In their heyday, they could be found working almost every light branch line in New South Wales. Even in the final years of steam power, they could still be found well spread over the state in such places as Temora, Griffith, Cowra, Dubbo and Narrabri West.

The first was withdrawn in December 1958 (3126T) with the last (3090TS) withdrawn in August 1972. Seven engines of the class survive into preservation.

Preservation

References

External links

Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Clyde Engineering locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Standard gauge locomotives of Australia
30T
4-6-0 locomotives
Julius Pitzman. Julius Pitzman (1837–1923) was a Prussian-born American surveyor and city planner best known for his development of the private, gated neighborhoods in St. Louis, Missouri from 1867 through about 1914.  

Originally from Halberstadt, Pitzman came to the U.S. and was educated as a Topographical and Civil Engineer under the tutelage of his brother-in-law, St. Louis City Engineer Charles E. Solomon, and held several posts within the Engineer and Survey offices before lending his services as a lieutenant of Topographical Engineers in the American Civil War.

Badly injured in the war, afterward Pitzman served as St. Louis County Surveyor. During his tenure he helped design Forest Park, along with Maximillian G. Kern.  In addition, he worked closely with many notable architects including Theodore C. Link.  Like Link, Pitzman is buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery, and Pitzman Avenue stands between the cemetery and the Mississippi River toward the northeast.  

Pitzman's son Frederick Pitzman joined his father's firm in 1912, and the Pitzman Company was still in business in the 1990s.

Private Places

Julius Pitzman was directly responsible for the development of the private place in St. Louis, a pioneering land-use concept both legally and in urban form, a direct precursor to the gated community. The idea allowed residential landowners to control real estate speculation and maintain property standards, in an era before the protections of zoning.  Pitzman's use of curvilinear streets to maximize privacy and vary views was a novelty in that era.  

The National Register of Historic Places nomination for the Parkview Historic District in University City, Missouri states that Pitzman "designed over 47 private streets in the St. Louis area in the fifty years following 1867 and (his) work was an important influence on other city planners and developers."  

Pitzman himself planned some of the most affluent neighborhoods in the city, including Portland Place and Westmoreland Place. The Pitzman Company was responsible for the planning of Vandeventer Place, Compton Heights, Benton Place, Washington Terrace, Clifton Heights, and Parkview Place.  Many of these developments are well-preserved and still gated, patrolled, and functioning as private enclaves.

Pitzman also designed a portion of the New Mount Sinai Cemetery in Affton, Missouri. He brought curving roads and luxuriant landscaping.

References

External links

 Pitzman cited in Parkview Historic District page
 online biography 
 

1837 births
1923 deaths
American surveyors
American urban planners
People from St. Louis
German-American culture in St. Louis
Prussian emigrants to the United States
Letord Let.9. The Letord Let.9 was a night bomber built in France late in the World War I. It was a large biplane of largely conventional design, with unstaggered wings of equal span. The empennage consisted of a single, large, triangular fin and biplane horizontal stabilisers. Twin engines were mounted in the interplane gaps and the main undercarriage units were fitted with dual wheels. The Aéronautique Militaire gave it the designation BN.2 (Bombardement de Nuit - "Night Bomber", 2 seats).

The Let.9 was never produced in series; plans to do so were cancelled with the end of the war.

Specifications

References
 
 
 aviafrance.com

1910s French bomber aircraft
Letord aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Letov L-101. 

The Letov L-101 was an airliner designed in Czechoslovakia shortly after the end of the Second World War. It was to have been a 12-seat twin-engine feederliner, built using German engines left over from Czechoslovakia's occupation. The Letov factory was nationalised on 24 October 1945, and the L-101 was its first project, along with finishing work on the Junkers Ju 290.

As designed, the L-101 was a conventional cantilever low-wing monoplane. The structure throughout was to be of metal, and skinned in metal except for fabric covering for the rudder and elevators. The tailwheel undercarriage was fully retractable, with the main units retracting rearwards into the engine nacelles. The flight crew of two had a flight deck separate from the passenger cabin.

However, following the Communist coup of 1948, the various Czechoslovakian aircraft and automotive manufacturers were amalgamated under CZAL, and work on the L-101 project did not proceed under the new regime.

Specifications (as designed)

References

 
 

1940s Czechoslovak airliners
Letov aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Propagermanium. Propagermanium (INN), also known by a variety of other names including bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium) sesquioxide and 2-carboxyethylgermasesquioxane, is an organometallic compound of germanium that is sold as an alternative medicine. It is a polymeric compound with the formula ((HOOCCH2CH2Ge)2O3)n.

The compound was first synthesized in 1967 at the Asai Germanium Research Institute in Japan. It is a water-soluble organogermanium compound used as raw material in nutritional supplements. The compound displays low toxicity in studies with rats.

References

Organogermanium compounds
Germanium(IV) compounds
Inorganic polymers
Propionic acids
Polyelectrolytes
William H. Mason. William H. Mason (19 February 1877 - 24 August 1940) was an American research engineer and inventor, who developed in 1924 the Masonite process, by which wood is converted in fibers and subsequently into fibreboards without the use of any resin. 

His invention, known as Mason method, was actually realized by a laboratory accident.

Education and invention
He was educated in engineering at the Cornell University. Mason was actually apprenticed under Thomas A. Edison. 

Masonite was first formed by W. Mason using the so called Mason method, in which wood chips are disintegrated by saturating them with  steam, then increasing the steam or air pressure to  and suddenly releasing them through an orifice to atmospheric pressure. Forming the fibers into boards on a screen, the boards are then pressed and heated to form the finished product with a smooth burnished finish.

The original lignin in the wood serves to bond the fibers without any added adhesive. The long fibers give Masonite a high bending strength, tensile strength, density, and stability. Unlike other composite wood panels, no formaldehyde-based resins are used to bind the fibers in Masonite.

Career
In 1924, Mason founded the Mason Fiber Company, which later became the Masonite International Corporation four years later. By October 1925, construction began on the company’s first plant in Laurel, Mississippi, aimed at producing insulation board and hardboard, with operations starting in 1926.

Mason continuously improved the Masonite product by enhancing its appearance and strength through a tempering process. Despite the economic challenges of the 1930s Great Depression, Masonite International Corporation flourished due to its affordability, quality, and durability, remaining a staple construction material even after the economy recovered. Mason was awarded numerous patents related to Masonite before his passing.

Mason died in 1940.

See also
 Wood science
 Masonite

References

External links
 History of Masonite International Corporation

1877 births
1940 deaths
American inventors
20th-century American engineers
Cornell University alumni
Datta Meghe College of Engineering. Datta Meghe College of Engineering (DMCE) is a private engineering college run by  Nagar Yuwak Shikshan Sanstha located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The college is affiliated to the University of Mumbai and approved by the Directorate of Technical Education (DTE), Maharashtra State and All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.

History
The college was established in 1988 by Nagar Yuwak Shikshan Sanstha Airoli Sanstha. Until 1995, the college was named 'NYSS College of Engineering'. At the start, the college offered two undergraduate courses with a capacity of 120 students in each; Civil Engineering and Electronics Engineering. In 1992 and 1993, Computer Engineering and Mechanical Engineering courses were introduced respectively. Later, Chemical Engineering and Information Technology courses started in 1999 and 2001 respectively. DMCE had a student strength of 120 back in 1988, and today has an intake of around 800 students. Starting 2010, the college also offers postgraduate courses for Master's Degree.

Academics
DMCE offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses of study in engineering. The four year undergraduate programme leads to the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.). The two year postgraduate program leads to the degree of Master of Engineering (M.E.). The college also offers PhD courses.

External links
 Official website
 Institute Info at DTE 
 Saraswati College of Engineering (SCOE)

Education in Navi Mumbai
Engineering colleges in Mumbai
Tatoi Airport. Tatoi Airport  is an airport located north of Athens, in Decelea.  It started operating in 1918 and it now has a single runway with a length of 1764m (not counting the 347m threshold).  The airport is used by the Hellenic Air Force and is the base of the following aeroclubs:
 Athens Gliding Club 
 Dekeleia Aeroclub
 Athens Aeroclub
 Mesogeion Aeroclub

It has also been used by many other aeroclubs of Attica. Moreover, the Hellenic Air Force Museum is situated at the airport which contains many old aircraft.

Former airlines and destinations

Accidents and incidents
On 27 December 1991, Hellenic Air Force Douglas C-47B KK171 was damaged beyond repair in an accident at Tatoi Air Base. One of the six crew members was killed.

Climate
Tatoi has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with hot summers and cool winters.

References

External links

Dekeleia Aeroclub website
Mesogeion Aeroclub website
Athens Aeroclub website
Airliners.gr Tatoi

Airports in Greece
Hellenic Air Force bases
Transport infrastructure in Attica
Ross Williams. Ross Neil Williams is an Australian computer scientist and entrepreneur who has made significant contributions to data compression and data deduplication technologies.  He is best known as the inventor of the  and the founder of Rocksoft Pty Ltd.

Ross Williams gained his PhD in data compression from the University of Adelaide in 1991 and his thesis was subsequently published as Adaptive Data Compression.  Williams conducted research into Lempel–Ziv lossless compression techniques during which he developed the SAKDC algorithm, the LZRW range of algorithms, and created the newsgroups comp.compression and comp.compression.research.

In 1996 Williams submitted a patent, , for a variable-length data partitioning system that has since become the basis for data deduplication technology in the computer data storage industry.

In 2001, Williams founded the data integrity and data storage company Rocksoft Pty Ltd. With Williams as chairman and chief architect, Rocksoft developed the deduplication technology to a commercial product.  In 2006, Rocksoft was sold to ADIC which was in turn immediately acquired by Quantum Corporation.

In 2007, Williams' patent became the subject of legal action between Quantum Corporation and Riverbed Technology.

Since exiting Rocksoft, Williams founded, along with associate David Sag, Carbon Planet Pty Ltd, a carbon credits auditing, origination, and retailing company.

References

External links
 Ross Williams's compression website
 Carbon Planet Website

Australian businesspeople
Australian computer scientists
Computer programmers
Living people
1962 births
People from Adelaide
University of Adelaide alumni
Millosevichite. Millosevichite is a rare sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Al2(SO4)3. Aluminium is often substituted by iron. It forms finely crystalline and often porous masses.

It was first described in 1913 for an occurrence in Grotta dell'Allume, Porto Levante, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Aeolian Islands, Sicily. It was named for Italian mineralogist Federico Millosevich (1875–1942) of the University of Rome.

The mineral is mainly known from burning coal dumps, acting as one of the main minerals forming sulfate crust. It can be also found in volcanic fumeroles (solfatara environments).
It occurs with native sulfur, sal ammoniac, letovicite, alunogen and boussingaultite.

References 

Sulfate minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148
WAMIT. WAMIT is a computer program for computing wave loads and motions of offshore structures in waves. It is based on the linear and second-order potential theory. The velocity potential is solved by means of boundary integral equation method, also known as panel method. WAMIT has the capability of representing the geometry of the structure by a higher-order method, whereby the potential is represented by continuous B-splines.

WAMIT was developed by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hence the acronym WaveAnalysisMIT. Its first version was launched in 1987. In 1999, WAMIT, Inc. was founded by Chang-Ho Lee and J. Nicholas Newman. Consortiums are held annually to discuss applications and new capabilities of the program.

References

External links
WAMIT, Inc. web site

Computational fluid dynamics
Computer-aided engineering software
Sreng River. The Stung Sreng River (also spelled Stoeng Sreng; ) is situated in north-western Cambodia. Its source lies in the southern slopes of the Dangrek Mountains and after traversing through three provinces - Oddar Meanchey province, Siem Reap province and Banteay Meanchey it drains into the Sangkae River. The stream is subject to the Stung Sreng Water Resource Development Project. Once completed, the river is going to supply 25,000 hectares of farmland with water during the rainy season and 3,750 hectares during the dry season in several local districts of the above-mentioned provinces and flooding along the river will be prevented.

References

Rivers of Cambodia
Tonlé Sap
Berkmans Speed Scout. The Berkmans Speed Scout was an early American biplane scout built by the Berkmans brothers for the United States Army Air Service. It was tested in 1918 with positive results, but the end of World War I meant no production order was received, and no more aircraft were built.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

External links 
 Berkmans Speed Scout

1910s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Berkmans aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
J38. J38 may refer to:
 Elongated pentagonal orthobicupola, a Johnson solid (J38)
 , a Bangor-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy
 , a Halcyon-class minesweeper of the Royal Navy
 LNER Class J38, a British steam locomotive class
 West Engineering XJ38, an early jet engine
 J-38, a model of telegraph key