omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Otto Lueger. Otto Lueger (b. 13 October 1843 in Tengen, Grand Duchy of Baden; d. 2 May 1911 in Stuttgart) was a German civil engineer, university teacher, and author of an encyclopedia of technology.

Lueger studied at the  Karlsruhe Polytechnic, where he was a member of the student corps, the Corps Saxonia. He then traveled in Europe for study purposes. From 1866 he worked at the waterworks in Karlsruhe, from 1871 at those in Frankfurt am Main. From 1874 he headed the Frankfurt Civil Engineering Office, and later that of Freiburg im Breisgau.

From 1878 he worked as a freelance engineer in Stuttgart and built mainly waterworks, in Baden-Baden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Pforzheim and Lahr amongst others.

In recognition of his scientific and practical achievements in the field of water supply Lueger was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1894.

From 1895 he was an associate professor, from 1903 full professor of Hydraulic Engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart. Lueger was the first editor of the "Lexikon der gesamten Technik", an encyclopedia of technology, which appeared in several editions.

He is buried at the Pragfriedhof cemetery in Stuttgart.

External links
Lexikon der gesamten Technik: in 10 volumes / hrsg. by Otto Lueger Internet edition of the 2nd edition (1904-1920) at Zeno.org

Engineers from the German Empire
People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
1843 births
1911 deaths
People from Konstanz (district)
UniverseMachine. The UniverseMachine (also known as the Universe Machine) is a project carrying out astrophysical supercomputer simulations of various models of possible universes, created by astronomer Peter Behroozi and his research team at the Steward Observatory and the University of Arizona. Numerous universes with different physical characteristics may be simulated in order to develop insights into the possible beginning and evolution of our universe. A major objective is to better understand the role of dark matter in the development of the universe. According to Behroozi, "On the computer, we can create many different universes and compare them to the actual one, and that lets us infer which rules lead to the one we see."

Besides lead investigator Behroozi, research team members include astronomer Charlie Conroy of Harvard University, physicist Andrew Hearin of the Argonne National Laboratory and physicist Risa Wechsler of Stanford University. Support funding for the project is provided by NASA, the National Science Foundation and the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics.

Description
Besides using computers and related resources at the NASA Ames Research Center and the Leibniz-Rechenzentrum in Garching, Germany, the research team used the High-Performance Computing cluster at the University of Arizona. Two-thousand processors simultaneously processed the data over three weeks. In this way, the research team generated over 8 million universes, and at least  galaxies. The UniverseMachine program continuously produced millions of simulated universes, each containing 12 million galaxies, and each permitted to develop from 400 million years after the Big Bang to the present day.

According to team member Wechsler, "The really cool thing about this study is that we can use all the data we have about galaxy evolution —  the numbers of galaxies, how many stars they have and how they form those stars — and put that together into a comprehensive picture of the last 13 billion years of the universe." Wechsler further commented, "For me, the most exciting thing is that we now have a model where we can start to ask all of these questions in a framework that works […] We have a model that is inexpensive enough computationally, that we can essentially calculate an entire universe in about a second. Then we can afford to do that millions of times and explore all of the parameter space."

Results

One of the results of the study suggests that denser dark matter in the early universe does not seem to negatively impact star formation rates, as thought initially. According to the studies, galaxies of a given size were more likely to form stars for much longer, and at a high rate. The researchers expect to extend the project's objectives to include how often stars expire in supernovae, how dark matter may affect the shape of galaxies and eventually, by gaining better general cosmological insights, how life originated.

See also

References

External links
 
 
  – NASA (14 July 2014)
 Universe Model using Artificial Intelligence (IPMU; 28 August 2019)

Astrophysics
Cosmological simulation
Physical cosmology
Japanese submarine chaser CH-4. {|

{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=Submarine chaser
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=* standard
 trial
|Ship length=* overall
 waterline
|Ship beam= 
|Ship height= 
|Ship draught= 
|Ship draft= 
|Ship propulsion= 2 × Kampon Mk.22 Model 6 diesels, 2 shafts, 2,600 bhp
|Ship power= 
|Ship speed= 
|Ship range=  at 
|Ship boats=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement= 59
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*2 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
1 × depth charge thrower
1 × Type 93 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
No.4, November 19442 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
3 × Type 96 25 mm AA guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
2 × depth charge throwers (estimate)
1 × 13-Gō surface search radar
1 × Type 3 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
|Ship armour=
}}
|}CH-4 was a  of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

History
CH-4 was laid down on 1 January 1938 at the Sakurajima Zosensho shipyard in Osaka, launched on 13 September 1938, and completed and commissioned on 28 December 1938.

She participated in the invasion of the Northern Philippines (Operation "M") in December 1941 where she was assigned to Sub Chaser Division 21 (SCD 21) led by Commodore Ota along with , , , , and . SCD 21 was at the time assigned to Rear Admiral Hirose Sueto's 2nd Base Force under Vice Admiral Ibō Takahashi's  Third Fleet. She served mostly on escort duty during the war. On 26 August 1943, while escorting transport Amagisan Maru and fleet oiler Tsurami, she was attacked off the coast of Palau by  captained by Lieutenant Commander James A. Scott; Scott was forced to abandon his efforts after CH-4 damaged his submarine with depth charges.

On 13 August 1945, she hit a mine in the Surabaya Channel and never returned to duty due to the end of the war in August 1945.  She was surrendered to the Allied forces at Bandjermasin, Borneo and later sold to a third party.  She was removed from the Navy list on 3 May 1947.

References

Additional references

1938 ships
No.4-class submarine chasers
Japanese submarine chaser CH-5. {|

{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=Submarine chaser
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=* standard
 trial
|Ship length=* overall
 waterline
|Ship beam= 
|Ship height= 
|Ship draught= 
|Ship draft= 
|Ship propulsion= 2 × Kampon Mk.22 Model 6 diesels, 2 shafts, 2,600 bhp
|Ship power= 
|Ship speed= 
|Ship range=  at 
|Ship boats=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement= 59
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*2 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
1 × depth charge thrower
1 × Type 93 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
No.4, November 19442 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
3 × Type 96 25 mm AA guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
2 × depth charge throwers (estimate)
1 × 13-Gō surface search radar
1 × Type 3 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
|Ship armour=
}}
|}CH-5 was a  of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

History
CH-5 was laid down on 25 January 1938 at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries shipyard in Yokohama, launched on 28 July 1938, and completed and commissioned on 6 December 1938.

She participated in the invasion of the Northern Philippines (Operation "M") in December 1941 where she was assigned to Sub Chaser Division 21 (SCD 21) led by Commodore Ota along with , , , , and . SCD 21 was at the time assigned to Rear Admiral Hirose Sueto's 2nd Base Force under Vice Admiral Ibō Takahashi's Third Fleet. She served mostly on escort duty during the war.

CH-5 was surrendered to the British Royal Navy after the war in severely damaged condition and scuttled on 11 July 1946 off Singapore. She was removed from the Navy list on 10 August 1946.

References

Additional references

1938 ships
No.4-class submarine chasers
Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Japanese submarine chaser CH-6. {|

{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement=* standard
 trial
|Ship length=* overall
 waterline
|Ship beam= 
|Ship height= 
|Ship draught= 
|Ship draft= 
|Ship propulsion= 2 × Kampon Mk.22 Model 6 diesels, 2 shafts, 
|Ship power= 
|Ship speed= 
|Ship range=  at 
|Ship boats=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement= 59
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*2 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
1 × depth charge thrower
1 × Type 93 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
No.4, November 19442 × 40 mm heavy machine guns
3 × Type 96 25 mm AA guns
36 × depth charges
2 × Type 94 depth charge projectors
2 × depth charge throwers (estimate)
1 × 13-Gō surface search radar
1 × Type 3 active sonar
1 × Type 93 hydrophone
|Ship armour=
}}
|}CH-6 was a  of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

History
She participated in the invasion of the Northern Philippines (Operation "M") in December 1941 where she was assigned to Sub Chaser Division 21 (SCD 21) led by Commodore Ota along with , , , , and . SCD 21 was at the time assigned to Rear Admiral Hirose Sueto's 2nd Base Force under Vice Admiral Ibō Takahashi's Third Fleet.

References

Additional references
 
 
 

1938 ships
No.4-class submarine chasers
Hay's bridge. Hay's bridge is used to determine the Inductance of an inductor with a high Q factor. Maxwell's bridge is only appropriate for measuring the values for inductors with a medium quality factor. Thus, the bridge is the advanced form of Maxwell’s bridge.

One of the arms of a Hay's bridge has an accurately characterized capacitor used to balance the unknown inductance value. The other arms contain resistors.

References 

Electrical meters
Bridge circuits
Plandampf. Plandampf (German for schedule steam) means the hauling of regular trains by steam locomotives, often in conjunction with rolling stock of the same era. The idea came into being in (West) Germany in the late 1980s, after the Deutsche Bundesbahn had abandoned the use of steam engines in 1977, and effectively had them banned from their rails with the :de:Dampflokverbot, applied also for Sonderzug chartered trains. The intention was to portray DB as a modern, fast and clean enterprise aiming for electrification, rather than the slow and dirty choo-choo-train of old. Thus, privately operated small lines were not affected. With the 150th anniversary of German Railways coming up in 1985, the steam engines were partially readmitted. In the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), which had to rely more on coal and lignite, steam was phased out by Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1988, shortly before unification in 1990. 

At the beginning, only the additional costs for the steam service were to be borne by the operator. The background was that there were still many operable steam locomotives on the territory of the former GDR, the infrastructure (e.g. sheds, water cranes, coal handling systems, sanding systems) was still in place on many lines, and the usually low maximum speed permitted the use of steam locomotives.

Scheduled steam events are becoming increasingly rare because the necessary infrastructure for steam operation is being lost in the course of modernization of routes. The planned steam at the beginning of the 1990s in East Germany was still relatively common. After modernization, train speeds increased, and the timetable was designed accordingly, so steam locomotives could not meet the speed requirements. Another factor was stricter safety requirements, such as automatic closing of doors.

Most planned steam events involve passenger trains but there are also a few freight workings. In southern Germany, the Bavarian Railway Museum (BEM) established itself as a scheduled steam operator from 2016. It has its own railway line, and has a stock of sufficiently large locomotives (BR 01, BR 44, BR 50, S 3/6 and BR52), its own route and customers with suitable freight volumes.

References

Preserved steam locomotives of Germany
Heritage railways in Germany
Dichloro(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)nickel. Dichloro[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]nickel is a coordination complex with the formula NiCl2(dppe); where dppe is the diphosphine 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. It is used as a reagent and as a catalyst. The compound is a bright orange-red diamagnetic solid.  The complex adopts a square planar geometry.

It is prepared by combining equimolar portions of nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate with dppe:
Ni(H2O)6Cl2  +  dppe   →   NiCl2(dppe)  +  6 H2O

See also
 Dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel

References

Nickel complexes
Phosphine complexes
Chloro complexes
1,2-Ethanediyl compounds
Zhang Xingdong. Zhang Xingdong (; born April 1938) is a Chinese biomedical scientist and professor at Sichuan University. He is the President of the International Union of Societies for Biomaterials Science and Engineering (IUSBSE), and Honorary President of the Chinese Society for Biomaterials (CSBM).

Biography
Zhang was born in Nanchong, Sichuan, in April 1938. After high school in 1960, he studied, then taught, at what is now Sichuan University.

In 2007 he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). On February 6, 2014, he was elected a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE).

In March 2017, he received the honorary doctorate of science from Macao University of Science and Technology.

Selected papers

References

External links
  Biography of Zhang Xingdong on Northeastern University College of Engineering
 Zhang Xingdong on International Collage of Fellows

1938 births
People from Nanchong
Living people
Sichuan University alumni
Academic staff of Sichuan University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering
Scientists from Sichuan
Engineers from Sichuan
Chinese bioengineers
G8513 Pingliang–Mianyang Expressway. The G8513 Pingliang–Mianyang Expressway (), commonly referred to as the Pingmian Expressway (), is an expressway in China that connects the cities of Pingliang, Gansu and Mianyang, Sichuan. 

The Pingliang–Tianshui section includes the  Guangshan tunnel through the Liupan Mountains.

Current status

References

Chinese national-level expressways
Expressways in Gansu
Expressways in Sichuan
Engro Polymer. Engro Polymer & Chemical Limited ( ) is a Pakistani polymer manufacturing company based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a subsidiary of Engro Corporation with a local market share of more than 70%.

History 
Engro Polymer & Chemicals was founded in 1997 as part of Engro Chemical Pakistan.

In November 1997, the company entered into a joint venture agreement with Mitsubishi Corporation and Asahi Glass Company to build a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacturing plant. The $80 million project was financed with $37 million in equity and $39 million in long-term debt. Engro contributed 50 percent of the equity ($18.5 million), Asahi 30 percent ($11.1 million), and Mitsubishi 20 percent ($7.4 million). Foreign currency debt of $28.5 million came from the International Finance Corporation and CDC, while local currency debt of $10.5 million and working capital of $4 million were provided by various Pakistani and international banks. The facility was constructed at Port Qasim, in close proximity to the city of Karachi. The plant was engineered to produce 100,000 tonnes of suspension grade PVC resin per year. The production of PVC at the facility began in 1999.

In 2006, Engro Polymer commissioned a chlor vinyl complex, allowing for in-house production of intermediaries such as vinyl chloride monomer with a capacity of 204,000 tpa and chlorine with a capacity of 94,200 tpa. The expansion project cost approximately $250 million, which included $30 million loan and $20 million equity investment from the International Finance Corporation. It increased its PVC production capacity to 150,000 tons. In the same year, the company was renamed to Engro Polymer & Chemicals Limited after Engro Corporation acquired Asahi Glass stake.

Since 2008, Engro Polymer is listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange, following an initial public offering at a strike price of PKR 18.

In August 2018, Engro Polymer announced that the company would set up a new plant to expand the production of PVC and caustic soda. Along with an efficiency project such as de-super heating quenches at EDC/VCM plant.

References

Engro
Manufacturing companies based in Karachi
Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Companies in the KSE 100 Index
Chemical companies established in 1997
Pakistani companies established in 1997
Chemical companies of Pakistan
2008 initial public offerings
Isaac Sesi. Isaac Sesi is a Ghanaian entrepreneur, engineer, and the founder of Sesi Technologies, a Ghanaian company that solves agricultural and food challenges. He is known for his development of a moisture meter to help sub-Saharan African farmers reduce post-harvest losses

Education 
Sesi is a graduate of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) where he studied electrical engineering. He completed his senior high school education at Mfantsipim School, where he studied general science.

Career and life 

Sesi is known for developing a moisture metre known as GrainMate. This device allows farmers and grain traders to measure moisture levels of maize, wheat, millet, and other staple. He is also known to have developed FarmSense, a soil sensing solution for smallholder farmers which made it to the Global Innovation through Science and Technology (GIST) Tech-I Global Pitch competition semifinals. His first company was Invent Electronic Company Limited, started in 2014, Which retails electronic components online.

In 2015, he cofounded Wires & Bytes with other three friends to develop web apps and software-as-a-service applications. In 2016 they developed Pasco, an educational app for university students 

The following year he co-founded 2eweboys, a creative writing agency. In 2017, Sesi, then a research engineer at the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and Dr Paul Armstrong, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture, worked together on a Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post Harvest Losses Project in partnership with Kansas State University to develop a low-cost moisture meter. The moisture meter was launched at a ceremony in KNUST

Since 2018, he has collaborated with different organisations including World Food Programme Ghana, and the  Assisting the Management of Poultry and Layer Industries with Feed Improvements and Efficiency Strategies (AMPLIFIES) Ghana Project which is a food for progress program of the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) to run post-harvest loss trainings for farmers across Ghana.

Achievements 

 GrainMate has won the GIST Tech-I 2019 and the Empowering People Award.

Tony Elumelu 2018 Entrepreneurship Programme
Named MIT Technology Review 2019 innovator under 35.
Pasco App won Gold in the Freelance Education category of the MTN Apps Challenge Version 4.0 in 2017
NextEinstein finalist
World Summit Awards national winner
GrainMate was placed second in the IDEA category during the Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Bahrain and he was awarded as one of the three winners in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers IShow Kenya Competition.
Winner of the GoGettaz Agripreneur Prize receiving $50,000 to pursue career in agri-food.
Africa Prize for Engineering Innovation by the Royal Academy of Engineering

References 

Living people
Ghanaian businesspeople
Ghanaian business executives
Ghanaian chief executives
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology alumni
Mfantsipim School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Oškinis BRO-11. The Oškinis BRO-11 was a primary glider designed in the USSR. It was produced in large numbers from the 1950s.

Design and development

The Oškinis BRO-11 was a simple, single-seat primary glider in the open girder style exemplified by the pre-war SG 38 Schulgleiter. It was more refined, with slotted ailerons and somewhat better-protected seating.

Its high wing, mounted on top of the fuselage girder, was rectangular in plan and built around a single, wooden spar with plywood skin ahead of it, forming a torsion-resistant D-box, and fabric covering behind. The wing was braced to the bottom fuselage beam with a single strut on each side, assisted by drag wires from the nose. Narrow and very high aspect ratio ailerons were hung behind and below the whole trailing edge, leaving a slot between wing and aileron.

The wing of the original production model, named Pionier, Lithuanian for Pioneer (or Pionerius, the plural) had a span of  and an area of . The later Zylė (), alternatively known as the LAK-2, had a slightly larger wing with a span of  and an area of , improving the glide ratio a little.

The forward part of the fuselage was a wooden beam which extended aft to end under the wing trailing edge. At the nose there was a simple, semi-circular enclosure formed from two single-curvature surfaces. This gave the pilot, seated just under the leading edge, some protection from the wind, though not for his upper body or sides. The same beam was attached to the wing with an N-form cross-member and also carried the forward end of the horizontal upper fuselage member. The rear lower member ran upwards to meet the upper one at the tail. In addition, they were interconnected at mid-fuselage by a pair of vertical and diagonal struts. Immediately ahead of the tail the fuselage was fabric covered, though not elsewhere.

Both variants had triangular tailplanes mounted on the upper frame with elevators which were rectangular in plan apart from a cut-out for rudder movement.  Their little, triangular fins carried rather angular, quadrilateral rudders.

The fuselages of the Pionier and Zylė differed only in their landing gear. The Pionier landed on the underside of the forward beam but the Zylė had a monowheel semi-recessed into its beam below the forward wing and a short nose skid.

Operational history

The BRO-11 Pionier was very widely used across the DOSAAF; some 2000 were built between about 1955 and 1960. The date of the first flight of the Zile is not known exactly but was about 1968. Production began in mid-1969 and ended in 1979. Production numbers for this variant are not known.

Variants
BRO-11 Pionier(ius) Original design, first flown in 1954 and some 2000 built in the later 1950s.

BRO-11M (LAK-2) Zylė  Larger wing and a landing wheel. Production by Lietuviškos Aviacinės Konstrukcijos (Lithuanian Aero-Construction, LAK) from 1969-79.

Operators
DOSAAF

Aircraft on display

BRO-11M Zylė: Lithuanian Aviation Museum, Kaunas, Lithuania

Specifications (BRO-11M Zylė)

References

1950s Soviet sailplanes
LAK aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954