omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Duncan Brinsmead. Duncan Brinsmead (born January 26, 1960, in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian software programmer and developer of simulations of natural environments in 3D computer graphics (CGI). He created the Maya Paint Effects for digitally painting instances like plants or hair in a virtual 3D environment. In 2008, together with Jos Stam, Julia Pakalns and Martin Werner he received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for the design and implementation of the Maya Fluid Effects system. Fluid Effects are based on the simulation of fluid mechanics in software and used for simulating natural phenomena such as fog, steam or smoke.

Education and career 

Duncan Brinsmead is the son of Alan and Aveleigh Brinsmead, and grandson of Percy and Fern Brinsmead. He was born in Edmonton, Alberta. From 1977 to 1980 he attended the faculty of music at the University of Toronto as a French Horn performance major. In 1983, he graduated with a Bachelors in French Horn Music Performance from the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and in 1984 received his Masters in music performance (French Horn) from Juilliard School of Music in New York City.

In the early 1980s Duncan Brinsmead used a first generation graphics computer by Silicon Graphics to create an animation showing fractals: "Fractal Fantasy". The film short was shown 
at the SIGGRAPH Art and Video show.

As a self-taught software programmer, he joined the computer graphics company Alias Systems Corporation (later "Alias Inc.", "Alias Wavefront", today Autodesk) and contributed to the development to computer graphics software such as Power Animator, Terra Forma and Maya. As a principal scientist at Autodesk's R&D department in Toronto he invented Maya Paint Effects, Maya Hair, and Maya Toon. His more recent works are Maya nHair, nCloth (for the simulation of clothing) and the Nucleus dynamics solver framework. Brinsmead's tools are being used all over the film industry and especially in special effects houses such as Weta, Industrial Light & Magic, Disney, Pixar and DreamWorks. His effects simulated natural topics in countless movies like Spiderman, and Toy Story, Shrek, Alice in Wonderland.

Duncan Brinsmead lives in Toronto and is married to Anne-Marie. Their son, Alan Brinsmead, is a musician living in Spain.

External links 
 Interview with Duncan Brinsmead

References 

1960 births
Living people
University of Toronto alumni
Computer graphics researchers
Canadian computer scientists
Scientists from Edmonton
Silicon Graphics people
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Zero liquid discharge. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a classification of water treatment processes intended to reduce wastewater efficiently and produce clean water that is suitable for reuse (e.g., irrigation). ZLD systems employ wastewater treatment technologies and desalination to purify and recycle virtually all wastewater received.

ZLD technologies help industrial facilities meet discharge and water reuse requirements, enabling them to meet government discharge regulations, reach higher water recovery (%), and treat and recover valuable materials from the wastewater streams such as potassium sulfate, caustic soda, sodium sulfate, lithium, and gypsum.

Thermal technologies are the conventional means to achieve ZLD, such as evaporators (for instance multi stage flash distillation), multi effect distillation, mechanical vapor compression, crystallization, and condensate recovery. ZLD plants produce solid waste.

ZLD discharge system overview
ZLD processes begin with pre-treatment and evaporation of an industrial effluent until its dissolved solids precipitate. These precipitates are removed and dewatered with a filter press or a centrifuge. The water vapor from evaporation is condensed and returned to the process.

In the last few decades, there has been an effort from the water treatment industry to revolutionize high water recovery and ZLD technologies.

This has led to processes like electrodialysis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation.

A quick overview and comparison can be seen in the following representative table:

Configuration 

Despite the variable sources of a wastewater stream, a ZLD system is generally comprised by two steps:

 Pre-Concentration: Pre-concentrating a brine is usually achieved with membrane brine concentrators or electrodialysis. These technologies concentrate a stream to a high salinity and are able to recover up to 60–80% of the water.
 Evaporation/Crystallization: The next step, using thermal processes or evaporation, evaporates all the leftover water, collects it, and sends it to reuse. The waste that is left behind then goes to a crystallizer that boils all the water until all its impurities crystallize and can be filtered out as solids.

See also
 Effluent guidelines (US wastewater regulations)
 Effluent limitation

References

External links
ZLD Treatment Process Stages

Building engineering
Environmental engineering
Israeli inventions
Whitlock Cordage. Whitlock Cordage is a former industrial complex that has been renovated for residential and commercial use. It is located along the banks of the since-filled Morris Canal in the Lafayette Section of Jersey City, New Jersey.

The older buildings were originally constructed in 1860 as part of the Passaic Zinc Works, with the later buildings constructed by Whitlock Cordage in and after 1905 on a seven-acre site. Whitlock manufactured what many considered to be the world's strongest rope.

The building later became a sweatshop.
In 2003 a federal bankruptcy judge had ordered demolition of the property to allow for its resale. Ultimately, the Housing Trust of America agreed to purchase the property and preserve the structures. The project included adaptive reuse of existing buildings as well as new construction and includes a total of 240 affordable and market rate apartments.

The nearby Berry Lane Park is the largest municipal park, and was completed in 2016.

After years of delays the project resumed construction in September 2018.

See also
The Beacon
Dixon Mills
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse
Operation Bid Rig

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Jersey City, New Jersey
Apartment buildings in Jersey City, New Jersey
Felicity effect. The Felicity effect in Physics, is an effect observed during acoustic emission in a structure undergoing repeated mechanical loading. 

It negates the effect of emission silence in the structure that is often observed from the related Kaiser effect at high loads. A material demonstrating the Felicity effect gives off acoustic emission at a lower load than one previously reached in an increasing load cycle regime.

See also
Ultrasonic homogenizer
Ultrasonic testing

References

Nondestructive testing
Materials science
Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology. The Malla Reddy College of Engineering And Technology (MRCET AUTONOMOUS ) is a technical institute established in 2004 with the approval of the All India Council for Technical Education. It is located in Maisammaguda, Doolapally, Hyderabad. It is affiliated to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.

Campus and location 
The MRCET campus covers 30 acres. It is located Near Dhulapally Medchal (Mandal, Gundlapochampalli Village Rd, Maisammaguda, Hamlet, Secunderabad, Telangana 500014), India.

Under-Graduate Courses:

Post-Graduate Courses (Full-Time):

External links 
 

Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
2004 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2004
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Thermodynamic relations across normal shocks. "Normal shocks" are a fundamental type of shock wave. The waves, which are perpendicular to the flow, are called "normal" shocks. Normal shocks only happen when the flow is supersonic. At those speeds, no obstacle is identified before the speed of sound which makes the molecule return after sensing the obstacle. While returning, the molecule becomes coalescent at certain point. This thin film of molecules act as normal shocks.

Thermodynamic relation across normal shocks

Mach number 

The Mach number in the upstream is given by  and the mach number in the downstream is given by 

Note that the Mach numbers are given in the reference frame of the shock.

Static pressure

Static temperature

Stagnation pressure

Entropy change

Reference list 

 

Shock waves
Deering Bridge. The Deering Bridge, near Sutton, Nebraska, is a historic bridge that was built in 1916.  It is a concrete spandrel arch bridge designed by the Nebraska Bureau of Roads & Bridges and built by the Lincoln Construction Co.  Also known as School Creek Bridge and as NEHBS No. CY00-11, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

It is an exemplary  concrete arch bridge, which the Nebraska State Engineer commended as a well-constructed bridge of this type. Prior to the construction of the bridge, Clay County had mainly built wooden and steel bridges; however, after building the Deering Bridge it gradually shifted to constructing concrete bridges. The bridge extends between Clay County and Fillmore County.

External links 
More photos of the Deering Bridge at Wikimedia Commons

References

Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Bridges completed in 1916
Buildings and structures in Clay County, Nebraska
Buildings and structures in Fillmore County, Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places in Fillmore County, Nebraska
National Register of Historic Places in Clay County, Nebraska
Arch bridges in the United States
Concrete bridges in the United States
Zosel Dam. Zosel Dam is a dam in the U.S. state of Washington that blocks the Okanogan River  south of Osoyoos Lake to control upstream water levels. The dam was built as part of the larger Osoyoos Lake International Water Control Structure, a joint venture of the Washington State Department of Ecology and the British Columbia Ministry of the Environment. The dam was designed by the Canadian firm Acres International Limited and built by the American firm Rognlins Inc.

Zosel Dam is named for the Zosel Lumber Company which constructed the original dam on the site.

Because it impounds a river that crosses the Canada–United States border, Zosel Dam is subject to international water-sharing agreements governed by the International Joint Commission.

History 
The first dam on the Lake Osoyoos was built in 1927 by the Zosel Lumber Company using rock-filled timber crib and pilings.  The structure impounded a mill pond where logs were stored before being processed at the Zosel sawmill.  The sawmill stopped operating in the 1960s.

In 1946, the International Joint Commission established the International Osoyoos Lake Board of Control to govern the operations of Zosel Dam.  This decision was prompted by repeated flooding of the lakeshore.

As the 1927 structure aged it suffered failures in 1974 and 1975.  This led the International Joint Commission to request a report from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1978.  The requested report "expresse[d] grave concern about the dam's structural integrity", so the Joint Commission asked the Army Corps to plan a replacement structure.  The plan was delivered in 1979 and called for a new dam to be constructed about  upstream.

Construction of the new dam did not begin for several years.  An agreement on cost sharing between Washington and British Columbia was not reached until 1985, delayed by "fiscal problems" on both sides of the border.  Once the agreement was reached, an engineering firm was hired and a final site was selected, closer to the original dam location, .  Construction began in 1986 and was completed by 1987,   with the completed structure officially commissioned in 1988.

References 

 

Buildings and structures in Okanogan County, Washington
Dams completed in 1987
Dams in Washington (state)
Interior Grain Tramway. The Interior Grain Tramway was an aerial tramway built in 1901 near Pullman, Washington to move grain in sacks from the Palouse hills to the Snake River over a horizontal distance of  and a vertical fall of . Grain was stored in warehouses at the top and bottom of the tramway for shipment on riverboats to a railroad terminal at Riparia, Washington,  away, with a capacity of up to 250,000 bushels per year. The tramway operated until 1938, when competition from rail service made it obsolescent. Eight of the tramways towers remain standing, and at least 27 have collapsed.

History
The Interior Tramway was conceived and financed by Colfax, Washington resident Aaron Kuhn. It is one of several such tramways operated on the Columbia Plateau in the early 20th century. Kuhn, born in Germany in 1857, had emigrated to the United States in 1873, moving around the west until he settled in Colfax in 1883, marrying and starting a general store. At the same time he began buying agricultural land, primarily for wheat and fruit production. In 1901 Kuhn planned for a tramway at the Snake River Breaks, estimating the cost at $7500 to $8000. Leaving the construction in the hands of Kuhn's general manager Seymour Manning, Kuhn took his family on a tour of Europe. The tram was completed in time for the fall harvest. The next year Kuhn sold most of his properties in Colfax and moved to Spokane, where he became involved in banking and railroads.

The tram was acquired by the Balfour-Guthrie Company of Portland, Oregon, who operated the tram and warehouses as the Interior Warehouse Company. By 1908 a railroad line along the Snake passed the lower terminus and sternwheel paddleboats were discontinued. The grain was loaded onto boxcars. By 1938 the railroad system had branched into the interior and the tramway was no longer necessary to move wheat to the rail lines.

Description
The tram was constructed along the same lines as a modern ski lift. A continuous wire cable ran in a loop carrying  feed sacks.  The weight of the sacks as they descended operated the tram, with 64 loaded sacks and 64 empties over the length of the tram. A brakeman at the upper terminal controlled the rate of descent, squeezing the cable with a grip brake. At either end the cable loops back on an  diameter wheel. The towers are of wood construction, between  and  high. The original terminal and lowermost towers were submerged when the level of the Snake was raised  by the construction of Lower Granite Dam.

The Interior Grain Tramway was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1988.

References

Transportation buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Transportation buildings and structures in Whitman County, Washington
National Register of Historic Places in Whitman County, Washington
Cableways on the National Register of Historic Places
Aerial tramways in the United States
1901 establishments in Washington (state)
Škoda-Kauba P14. The Škoda-Kauba SK P14 was a ramjet-powered emergency fighter project for the Luftwaffe. It was designed by the Škoda-Kauba industries towards the end of World War II as part of the Third Reich defense effort against the devastating allied bombing raids.

Design and development
Engineer Eugen Sänger worked on this René Lorin ramjet fighter project after his Silbervogel proposal for a suborbital glider to the Reich Air Ministry was rejected. The fighter was an approved project in line with the 1944 designs of the High Command of the Luftwaffe for basic interceptors.

The Škoda-Kauba Aircraft Industries, located in a suburb of Nazi-occupied Prague, designed the SK P14 as a single-seat monoplane powered by a Sänger ramjet engine. Since the ramjet had a diameter of 1.5 m and a length of 9.5 m, the massive engine and its tubular air-intake duct formed most of the fuselage structure. The cockpit had the pilot flying the aircraft in a prone position above the air intake. Its landing gear was a retractable skid. In order to bring the ramjet to a speed where it would work, take off was by means of booster rockets fitted to a three-wheel detachable dolly. Only parts of the aircraft had been built when the project was terminated.

Variants
The Skoda-Kauba SK P14 project had two different variants. Both of them would be powered by a single Sänger ramjet that would give the aircraft a speed nearing 1000 km/h.

SK P14.01
Ramjet-powered interceptor with a wingspan of 7 m and a length of 9.85 m. Its armament was a MK 108 cannon located above the cockpit.

SK P14.02
A similar interceptor project similar to the Sk P.14.01 but with a shortened fuselage and swept back wings set in a more forward position.

See also

References

External links
Skoda Kauba SK P.14 Ramjet Fighter
Skoda-Kauba  Sk P.14.02 Pictures
Proyectos inconclusos de la aeronáutica alemana de la S.G.M.  (in Spanish)

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
1940s German fighter aircraft
World War II jet aircraft of Germany
Aircraft with auxiliary rocket engines
Prone pilot aircraft
Ramjet-powered aircraft
P14
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft with skid landing gear
Codename One. Codename One is an open-source cross-platform framework aiming to provide write once, run anywhere code for various mobile and desktop operating systems (like Android, iOS, Windows, MacOS, and others). It was created by the co-founders of the Lightweight User Interface Toolkit (LWUIT) project, Chen Fishbein and Shai Almog, and was first announced on January 13, 2012. 

Codename One built upon the LWUIT platform abstraction by adding a simulator and a set of cloud-based build servers that build native applications from the Java bytecode.

Architecture
Developers using Codename One build their app using various Java IDEs like Eclipse, NetBeans or IntelliJ IDEA; they need the Codename One plugin to be installed on either IDE. Applications can be created either via the GUI builder tool or via code using standard Java. Running/debugging the application is possible via the standard IDE tools and the Codename One simulator.

To build a native application, developers sign in and register with the Codename One build server. They then send builds to the cloud based build server. Then they can download the native app from the build server to run on the device or submit it to the store.  Since the build server performs static translation of the code into a native application, it is no longer required after the application has been compiled.

Codename One also supports the ability to use an offline "in-house" build cloud which removes the use of Codename One build servers completely.

Native
The developers of Codename One define the platform as a native code generator but clarify that native widgets are usually not used to render the user interfaces of Codename One applications. This allows for great portability but has also come under fire from some critics of the lightweight approach.

Open source
The Codename One project is a combination of open source and software as a service. Most of the client-side code is open source, including the iOS, Android, Windows, JavaScript, RIM and J2ME ports. The server build code and the Codename One LIVE! Tool are proprietary.

Community
Codename One claimed 200,000 downloads of its SDK as of release 1.1 on May 20, 2013. It has since released version 3.0 and claims 180 million applications installed on devices and 40,000 developers using the tool.

See also

 React Native
 Flutter (software)

References

Software frameworks
Mobile software development
Mobile software programming tools
Cross-platform mobile software
Cross-platform software
Java platform
Java development tools
Amr Darrag. Ahmed Amr Darrag (born October 1958) is the founder and chairman of the Egyptian Institute for Studies (EIS). EIS is a think tank based in Istanbul, Turkey. He is an Egyptian engineer and politician, who briefly served as Egypt's minister of planning and international cooperation from 7 May to 4 July 2013 under the Freedom and Justice Party-led government.

Early life and education
Darrag was born in October 1958. He holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and a master's degree in soil mechanics and foundations both of which he received from Cairo University in 1980 and 1984, respectively. He also obtained a PhD in soil mechanics and foundations from Purdue University in 1987.

Career
Darrag began his career in 1987 as a senior engineer for Erdman and Associates Inc. in Orlando, Florida, where he worked for one year. He served as the board chairman at Egyptian engineering consultancy firm, Engineering House of Expertise. He also worked as professor of geotechnical engineering at Cairo University. In addition, he served as director of corporate planning and business development at the Egyptian Group for Engineering Consultations (EGEC).

He is one of the founding members of the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), a Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Islamist party in Egypt. He served as the party secretary in Giza governorate. He was appointed chairman of the party's foreign relations committee in July 2012 and also, served as chairman of its development and planning committee. He is a member of the higher commission and executive board of the party. He was secretary general of the constituent assembly that was tasked with drafting Egypt's 2012 constitution.

In the general elections of 2011, he ran for a parliamentary seat in Giza on the list of the FJP, but lost the election. On 7 May 2013, Darrag was appointed minister of planning and international cooperation to the cabinet headed by prime minister Hisham Qandil. Darrag replaced Ashraf Al Arabi in the post. He and other FJP members in the cabinet resigned from office on 4 July 2013 following the 2013 coup in Egypt. His term officially ended on 16 July 2013 when the interim government led by Hazem Al Beblawi was formed.

Personal life
Darrag is married and has three daughters.

References

20th-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century Egyptian engineers
1958 births
Living people
Cairo University alumni
Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni
Academic staff of Cairo University
Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood members
Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt) politicians
Planning ministers of Egypt
Egyptian civil engineers
International Cooperation ministers of Egypt
Assystem. Assystem is an independent engineering group based in Paris created in 1966. It provides services in design, construction, supervision, commissioning and operation of complex projects and industrial infrastructure, mostly in the nuclear industry. The corporation notably participated to all the EPR (European Pressurized Reactor) construction projects in the world (in Flamanville (France), Taishan (China), and Okiluoto (Finland)). 

It had revenues of over €470M in 2020, down from €871.4M in 2013. It had over 7100 employees as of 2021, down from over 11,000 in 2013, mostly due to its decision to recenter its activities around the nuclear industry, and leave behind most of its participation in other sectors (such as the automotive industry).

Assystem also has activities in the aerospace industry. Indeed, in 2005, Assystem acquired the Atena subsidiary of the German company MTU Aero Engines. In addition, the company has also been involved in the engineering of the future Flying Whales airship since 2018.

References

External links
 Official website
 Profile on Google Finance.It has other filial as ATENA
 Assystem YouTube channel

Engineering companies of France
Companies based in Paris
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1966
French companies established in 1966