omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tecnam P-Mentor. The Tecnam P-Mentor is an Italian light aircraft, intended for  flight training, designed and produced by Tecnam of Casoria. It was introduced in April 2022 and is EASA CS-23 type certified in Europe.

The design was first unveiled at AERO Friedrichshafen 2022.

Design and development
The P-Mentor was designed to comply with the European Union Aviation Safety Agency EASA CS-23 regulations for certified light aircraft. It was EASA CS-23 certified on 7 April 2022.

The design features a cantilever low-wing, two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration, driving a two-bladed variable pitch propeller.

The aircraft wing has a light alloy spar and wing box, with a carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer leading edge. The  span wing is equipped with slotted flaps of 75% span, plus frise ailerons. The standard engine employed is the  Rotax 912iSc four-stroke certified powerplant.

The design uses a new tapered planform wing, employing a laminar flow airfoil, which meets the EASA CS-23 requirements for low speed handling and stall characteristics without a ballistic parachute, although a parachute is approved and available as a factory option.

The aircraft may be equipped for IFR flight. For training use it may be optionally equipped with a simulated retractable landing gear handle, although the landing gear does not actually retract.

Specifications

References

External links

2020s Italian civil utility aircraft
2020s Italian civil trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Abrasion resistant steel. Abrasion resistant steel is a high-carbon alloy steel that is produced to resist wear and stress. There are several grades of abrasion resistant steel, including AR200, AR235, AR400, AR450, AR500 and AR600.

Quenching & Tempering 
Abrasion resistant steel undergoes a two-step heat treatment process called quenching and tempering, which alters the steel's grain structure to increase hardness and toughness.

During the quenching phase, the steel is heated to an above-critical temperature and is then rapidly cooled with water. The steel is then re-heated to a below-critical temperature and air cooled, which is the tempering phase.

Brinell Hardness 
The hardness of abrasion resistant steel is determined by a Brinell hardness test. This test uses a small steel ball to inflict force on a material. The indentation created by the steel ball is then measured and used to calculate Brinell hardness number (BHN).

Standards for Brinell hardness testing are regulated by ASTM International under E10 specifications.

Applications 
Abrasion resistant steel is typically used in applications requiring high wear resistance, including backhoe buckets and teeth, bulldozer blades, dump truck beds, ore and coal chutes, augers and aggregate conveyors. Additional uses include shooting targets and armor, AR500 steel is commonly used for these applications as higher BHN steels are more brittle.

References 

Steel
Lecontite. Lecontite (sodium ammonium sulfate dihydrate, with potassium substituting for some ammonium, typically about a fourth) is a sulfate mineral with the formula (NH4,K)NaSO4·2H2O.  It was found by John Lawrence LeConte in Las Piedras Cave in Honduras as a breakdown product of bat guano, including crystals up to an inch long and identified as a separate mineral by W.J. Taylor in 1858.  As of 1963 most natural specimens came from the same cave.

Lecontite can easily be synthesized by reacting ammonium sulfate with sodium sulfate in aqueous solution and crystallized.

References 

Ammonium minerals
Sodium minerals
Sulfate minerals
Dihydrate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals described in 1858
Digital automatic coupling. Digital automatic coupling (DAC) is a type of railway coupling developed in the 2020's to replace the English buffers and chain couplings, initially in Europe.

It resembles the Scharfenberg coupler with extra contacts to join electrical circuits (power, detection and control) and air hoses.

Advantages 
 Longer trains up to 750m.
 Brakes remotely controlled like ECPB.
 Monitoring of train and wagon performance.
 Safety. No need for shunter to climb between buffers.

Other systems 
Couplings based on AAR and SA3 already have automated mechanical couplings, so some of the advantageous features of DAC are lessened. These have a maximum draw gear load well in excess of that possible with the DAC, say 1800m instead of 750m.

Makers 
 Dellner
 Knorr Bremse

Videos 
 Demonstration of DAC 1
 Demonstration of DAC 2

See also 
 Railway coupling
 Railway coupling by country
 Shift2Rail

References 

Rail technologies
Miriam D. Mann. Miriam Daniel Mann (1907–1967) was one of the first Black female computers for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).

Biography
Mann was born in 1907, in Covington, Georgia. She attended Talladega College. She was married to Bill Mann, with whom she had three children. In 1943, in the wake of labor shortages caused by World War II, Mann responded to a recruitment drive for Black female mathematicians by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She subsequently attended a 10-week training course at Hampton Institute and was accepted for a position as a "human computer". At the time she was hired the state of Virginia was segregated, as was the NACA campus at Langley, Virginia. Mann repeatedly removed the "COLORED COMPUTERS" sign segregating the cafeteria. The sign was replaced each time until Mann removed it a final time and it was never replaced.

Mann worked for NACA (which became NASA in 1958) until her retirement in 1966. She died in 1967.

In 2017 Mann's granddaughter Duchess Harris co-authored a book with Sue Bradford Edwards entitled Hidden Human Computers: The Black Women of NASA. In 2018 the Virginia Capitol Foundation announced that Mann's name would be on the Virginia Women's Monument's glass Wall of Honor.

See also 
 West Area Computers
 African-American women in computer science

References

External links 
 Granddaughter of NASA "Hidden Figure," Duchess Harris, shares story of Miriam Mann

1907 births
1967 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American women scientists
African-American mathematicians
African-American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
People from Virginia
People from Covington, Georgia
Talladega College alumni
20th-century African-American scientists
20th-century American women mathematicians
Arun Kumar Choudhury. Arun Kumar Choudhury (6 January 1923 – 6 September 1987) was the Indian founding head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Calcutta. He was a pioneer in both Analog and Digital Computing since the 1950s.  A.K. Choudhury Memorial Lectures are arranged at various Indian Universities to celebrate his contributions.

Career

Choudhury was instrumental in building the first analog computer in India. He is best known for his work on optimization of Switching Circuits, High Threshold Logic, unate-cascade realizability and fault-tolerant synthesis of sequential machine.

A list of Choudhury's publications may be found here and here.

Each year, lectures on Computer Science are arranged in memory of Choudhury's achievements. The Information Technology College at Calcutta University is named after Choudhury.

References

1923 births
1987 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
University of Calcutta alumni
20th-century Indian physicists
Computer science articles needing expert attention
Physics articles needing expert attention
People from West Bengal
People from British India
Plug-in electric vehicles in Alaska. , there were about 1,500 electric vehicles in Alaska. , about 0.1% of new vehicle registrations in Alaska were electric.

In 2021, Alaska was ranked by Bumper.com as the worst state in the U.S. for electric vehicle ownership.

, Alaska is the only state in the U.S. where a company other than Tesla—in this case, Nissan—comprises a plurality of the state's electric vehicle market.

Charging stations
, there were 48 charging stations in Alaska.

The state received its first public DC charger in August 2021.

By region

Anchorage

Juneau
, Juneau has the highest rate of electric vehicle ownership in the state, and one of the highest in the country.

References

Alaska
Road transportation in Alaska
Niloufar Salehi. Niloufar Salehi is an American-Iranian computer scientist who is an assistant professor in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley. She works on human–computer interaction in a broad array of sectors.

Early life and education 
Salehi became interested in mathematics as a teenager. She was an undergraduate student in Iran and studied computer engineering at Sharif University of Technology. She completed her doctoral research at Stanford University. She studied and developed technologies to enable the organizing of communities online. During her doctorate she created Hive, a system that places communities into small teams, then rotates team membership (using an optimization algorithm) to intermix viewpoints. Hive was used by Mozilla when they were working on improving accessibility to Firefox. As a doctoral researcher, Salehi worked on Dynamo, an organizing platform for Amazon Mechanical Turk workers.

Research and career 
Salehi was appointed a professor at the University of California, Berkeley in 2018. She studies human–computer interaction and human centred AI. In 2020, Salehi was awarded a National Science Foundation grant to investigate restorative justice, and evaluate how it can be used to investigate conflicts on social media. She has studied YouTube's recommendation algorithms and how social media content creators navigate their online experiences.

Salehi was supported by Facebook Research to investigate how Muslims tackle anti-Muslim hate speech online. Her research revealed that there was organized targeting of Muslims, and that Muslim Americans were constantly trying to re-claim their narrative. For instance, in response to one of Trump's presidential debates, Muslim Americans shared their experiences of Islamophobia sometimes using humor. She simultaneously started working on an investigation into the impact of school assignment algorithms in the San Francisco Unified School District. The findings were used to encourage community engagement in the design of school zones.

In 2022, Salehi started working with Timnit Gebru on an effective automatic translation tool for high-stake settings, for example, in hospitals.

Selected publications

References 

Living people
Stanford University alumni
Sharif University of Technology alumni
Iranian emigrants to the United States
University of California, Berkeley faculty
American computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bali Strait Bridge. The Bali Strait Bridge (, JSB), is a proposed road and railway megaproject between the two Indonesian islands of Java and Bali across the Bali Strait. The Bali Strait Bridge is envisioned as a critical infrastructure project connecting the islands of Sumatra (had the Sunda Strait Bridge proposal went through), Java, and Bali, providing a continuous and elevated route over both land and sea. The design of the bridge accounts for the challenging conditions of the Bali Strait, which - although only 2.4 km at its narrowest point - is known for its high waves and strong currents. 

The suggestion for a bridge was reportedly first put forward in 1960 by Professor Sedyatmo from Institut Teknologi Bandung as a part of broader plans, known as Tri Nusa Bimasakti, to link the three islands of Sumatra, Java and Bali. The Indonesian Government is planning the design of the bridge but there is no official date for construction yet.

Controversy 
Chairman of Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia (PHDI) Jembrana Regency, I Komang Arsana rejected the construction of the Bali Strait bridge. According to him, in the Dang Hyang Sidimantra from Balinese Hindu mythology, Bali and Java were deliberately disconnected so that the sea serves as a filter to prevent negative things influences from outside reaching Bali.

See also
 Sunda Strait Bridge
 Suramadu Bridge
 Bali Strait

References

Proposed bridges in Indonesia
Cross-sea bridges in Asia
Bali Strait
Transport in Java
Transport in Bali
Road bridges in Asia
Huang Shilin. Huang Shilin (born 1967)  is a Chinese billionaire businessman, and the vice chairman of Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), the world's largest battery supplier for the electric vehicle industry. As of 2018, Huang owned a 12% stake within the company. Shilin earned a BTech degree in Engineering from the Hefei University of Technology.

Huang earned a spot on the 2024 Forbes Billionaires List with an estimated wealth of $24.3 billion and occupied the 77th position.

References 

1967 births
Living people
20th-century Chinese businesspeople
21st-century Chinese businesspeople
Businesspeople in manufacturing
Chinese billionaires
Chinese chief executives
Hefei University of Technology alumni
Triton 27. The Triton 27, also called the Pearson 27, is an American sailboat that was designed by Doug Peterson and first built in 1984.

The design is a unauthorized development of Peterson's International Offshore Rule Half Ton class Chaser 29 racer, using the same hull design. The molds had been owned by US Yachts, a division of Bayliner, to build the US Yachts US 27 and were sold to Pearson Yachts.

Production
The design was built by Pearson Yachts in the United States, starting in 1984 and renamed the Pearson 27 in 1986. The boat was only built in small numbers and is now out of production.

Design
The Triton 27 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel or optional shoal draft keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and  with the optional shoal draft keel.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Doug Peterson
Sailboat types built by Pearson Yachts
Iron tetracarbonyl diiodide. Iron tetracarbonyl diiodide is the inorganic compound with the formula FeI2(CO)4.  The molecule features four carbonyl ligands and two iodides.  It is a low-spin complex of ferrous iron. As confirmed by X-ray crystallography, the compound has cis stereochemistry.  It is a black solid that is soluble in dichloromethane and related organic solvents.

Preparation and reactions
It is prepared by the reaction of molecular iodine with iron pentacarbonyl, following a procedure first reported by Hieber and Wirschung in 1940:
Fe(CO)5  +  I2  →  FeI2(CO)4  +  CO

Iron tetracarbonyl diiodide reacts with a variety of Lewis bases with displacement of one or two CO ligands.  The corresponding dibromide is even more reactive toward Lewis bases.

References

Iodo complexes
Carbonyl complexes
Iron complexes
Luca Longo. Luca Longo is an Italian computer scientist specializing in Explainable artificial intelligence, Deep Learning and Argumentation theory with research in the areas of Human performance modeling. As the founder and general chair of the World Conference on Explainable artificial intelligence, he performs fundamental research in the area of computational models of Cognitive Load and is the editor of books and journals with Springer Publishing  and Frontiers Media . 
He is a public speaker disseminating technical knowledge to the wider public   and contributing to the non-profit organization TED (conference) "ideas worth spreading" .

Luca is the recipient of the 2023 "AI Person of the Year" award, organised by AI Ireland, a non-profit organisation focused on promoting Artificial intelligence in Ireland. He is also the 2016  and 2021 winner of the Teaching Hero Award in Ireland by the National Forum for Teaching and Learning, inspiring students by creating motivating and stimulating learning environments that support the acquisition of skills and the formation of knowledge applicable in practical contexts through the mastering of the Community of inquiry  in Higher education. Longo is also an educator, striving to empower Education with the use of technology and Artificial Intelligence . These distinctions have led to his conferral of the "Italiani nel mondo" award from Associazioni Sportive Sociali Italiane :it:Associazioni sportive sociali italiane in 2024 .

Longo is a lecturer at the Technological University Dublin in Ireland and the co-director of The Applied Intelligence Research Centre .
He is also a principal investigator in Ireland's National Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence and a research leader at the Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research Training in Machine Learning. 
He is currently leading the Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Load research labs  at the Technological University Dublin aimed at expanding the boundaries of Artificial Intelligence and bridging the gap between machines and humans. His approach to doctoral supervision has led to a nomination for the award 'Outstanding Research Supervisor of the Year' (2021), widely recognised as the 'Oscars of higher education' organised by the Times Higher Education, one of the leading world magazine of higher education.

Longo is originally from Varese where he earned a bachelor's and master's degree in Computer Science from the University of Insubria. He continued with a master in Health informatics, one in Statistics, and a doctorate in Artificial Intelligence at Trinity College Dublin.
He later joined the Technological University Dublin where he obtained two masters in Pedagogy, one in Scholarship of teaching and learning and one in Applied E-learning.

References

External additional realiable independent sources

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Italian computer scientists
University of Insubria alumni
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Academics of Dublin Institute of Technology
Artificial intelligence researchers
People from Varese
John D. Tomlinson. John D. Tomlinson (December 3, 1929 – July 1, 1992) was an American politician and businessman.

Tomlinson was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He served in the United States Navy from 1952 to 1955 and was a supply officer. Tomlinson received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1955. Tomlinson lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota with his wife and family. He worked for 3M and was a chemical engineer. Tomlinson served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1986 and was a Democrat. He then served as an assistant commissioner for the Minnesota Department of Revenue and with the Minnesota Governor's Consumer Affairs Advisory Council. He died suddenly while playing tennis.

References

1929 births
1992 deaths
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Businesspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Military personnel from Illinois
Military personnel from Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
3M people
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
20th-century members of the Minnesota Legislature
Homemade Astronauts. Homemade Astronauts is a television show on Science Channel (Discovery Science USA) and Discovery+ that debuted in 2021. It featured DIY wannabe astronauts, who design and build their own equipment, in an attempt to reach the edge of space. The people are average Americans building on their farms, ranches, garages, and backyards.

History
Mike Hughes reached  altitude in a manned steam rocket in 2018, filmed for the series, setting a record for an amateur manned rocket.

Discovery Networks gave the greenlight for full series production in 2019, for airing on The Science Channel in 2020.

In February 2020, during filming of an attempt by Mike Hughes to reach  or  in altitude, the steam rocket crashed on landing, killing Hughes.

In March 2020, the show filmed an attempt by Kurt Anderson to break the world ice speed record in his rocket sled Arctic Arrow using a peroxide rocket, with the Rocketboys team. The attempt resulted in a crash that destroyed the dragster sled, reaching , short of the record of .

Season 1 began airing in May 2021, having been filmed over 2.5 years, for a total of 4 episodes. Season 1 carries a dedication This series is dedicated to Michael "Mad Mike" Hughes 1956-2020, and uses the title crawl "The newDIY space race is here. Tech giantsEveryday people are making history. They're using their billionscredit cards to fund their dreams."

Cast
Cast featured on the show include:

Team Hughes/Stakes
 Mike Hughes, professional daredevil, wannabe astronaut
 Waldo Stakes, vehicle designer; builder of Hughes' manned rocket
 Stephanie, Waldo's daughter and team member
The Rocketboys (Team Michaelson/Anderson)
 Ky Michaelson, SFX artist and stuntman and amateur rocketeer, who in 2004 built the first amateur rocket that reached space at a zenith of ;
 Kurt Anderson, Rocketboys mechanical engineer, and Arctic Arrow rocket sled dragster pilot, wannabe astronaut
 David, Rocketboys electronics engineer
 Buddy Michaelson, son of Ky, Rocketboys parachute expert
Pacific Space Flight (Team Smith)
 Cameron Smith, doctor of anthropology and archaeology, Portland State University anthropology professor and wannabe astronaut, who built his own spacesuit, wanting to go to the edge of space
 Majorie, a student and part of Team Smith

Teams
Teams shown include:

 The Rocketboys: (Team Michaelson/Anderson) using a solid fuel rocket; attempting to build a manned space rocket to reach the edge of space (), the McDowell Line
 Team Hughes/Stakes, using a balloon launch steam rocket rockoon to reach  up, the Kármán Line
 Pacific Space Flight: (Team Smith) using a balloon; to reach the Armstrong Line ( or ), in a high altitude balloon

Episodes

See also
 Civilian Space eXploration Team
 Ansari X-Prize
 Billionaire space race
 Space 2.0

Notes

References

External links
 

2020s American documentary television series
2021 American television series debuts
American non-fiction television series
Private spaceflight
Science Channel original programming
Television series by World of Wonder (company)
Mercury (RemObjects BASIC programming language). Mercury (promoted as Modern Visual Basic) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software. RemObjects extends VB.Net underlying language and plans to add more features to it.

Mercury is a commercial product and is the sixth language supported by  RemObjects Elements Compiler toolchain, next to C#, Swift, Java, Go and Oxygene. It integrates with Microsoft's Visual Studio on Windows, as well as  RemObjects Elements IDE called Water on Windows and Fire on macOS.

References 

Programming languages