omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tiger (automobile). The Tiger was a cyclecar built by the Automobile Cyclecar Co. of Detroit, Michigan, in 1914. The Tiger was manufactured as both a 2-seater and a 4-seater car, and was powered by a 4-cylinder Farmer engine with overhead valves and a drive shaft.

References
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Detroit
Cyclecars
Cars introduced in 1914
Vladimir Kleiman. Vladimir Leonidovich Kleiman (; November 11, 1930 – April 7, 2014) was a Soviet and Russian scientist and designer in the field of rocketry. Hero of Socialist Labour (1975), winner of the Lenin Prize (1964) and the USSR State Prize (1980).

References

External links
 Герои страны

1930 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Russian engineers
21st-century Russian engineers
People from Yaysky District
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize

Rocket scientists
Russian aerospace engineers
Russian mechanical engineers
Soviet aerospace engineers
Soviet mechanical engineers
Caitlin Kalinowski. Caitlin Kalinowski is an American product designer and mechanical engineer. Since 2024, she leads the robotics and consumer hardware initiatives at OpenAI. Prior to that, she was the head of hardware at virtual reality technology company Oculus VR.

Personal life 
Caitlin Kalinowski grew up in New Hampshire. She moved to the west coast, and began attending Stanford University to study product design. Her parents were both professors. She lives in San Francisco, California.

Kalinowski is involved with various women's and lesbians' technology groups focused on increasing awareness and resources for women in the technology fields. She is on the board of Wogrammer, a project focused on sharing interviews of women engineers, and the advisory board of Lesbians Who Tech.

Career 
After three years at Stanford University, Kalinowski left to begin working at OQO, where she worked on the OQO model 02. She later left OQO for Apple, where she worked as a technical lead on the design of laptops in the MacBook product line. While continuing to work half-time at Apple, she returned to Stanford and in 2007 received her bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She left Apple to work at Facebook, where she worked on the Facebook Bluetooth Beacon project. After Facebook acquired Oculus VR, Kalinowski joined the company as the head of product design. In 2018 she became the acting head of hardware for Oculus, where she works on the Oculus Go, Santa Cruz prototype, Oculus Rift and the other virtual reality products developed by the company.

In 2018 she was listed as one of the most powerful female engineers by Business Insider.

She was a featured speaker at WISMP Summit 2018, held in San Francisco on February 3, 2018.

In 2021 and 2022, she was included on the Fast Company Queer 50 list.

In November 2024, Kalinowski joined OpenAI to lead the company's robotics and consumer hardware initiatives.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Facebook employees
LGBTQ people from New Hampshire
American lesbians
Stanford University alumni
American mechanical engineers
Apple Inc. employees
American women engineers
Engineers from New Hampshire
21st-century American LGBTQ people
21st-century American women
OpenAI people
Elissa Murphy. Elissa E. Murphy is an American software engineer, currently serving as the Vice President of Engineering at Google. Prior to her role at Google, she held positions as the Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President of Platforms at GoDaddy, and as the Vice President of Engineering at Yahoo!.

Career 
Murphy began her career in Product Development at Fifth-Generation Systems and Symantec. After serving as a director at Quarterdeck in 1996, she joined Microsoft in 1997, where she worked for thirteen years in various engineering management roles, including work on Windows Live.

In November 2010, Murphy transitioned to Silicon Valley, joining Yahoo! as the Vice President of Engineering in Hadoop and Cloud Services. During her time at Yahoo!, she also served as the Executive Sponsor of the Women in Technology Network.

Murphy left Yahoo! in April 2013 to join GoDaddy, where her former colleague Blake Irving had recently been appointed Chief Executive Officer.  At GoDaddy she served as Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President of Platforms, until May 2016. While there, she established the GoDaddy Women in Technology Network to promote a diverse culture.

In July 2016, Murphy joined Google as the Vice President of Engineering.

Murphy has held board positions at several technology companies. She served on the board of Inphi Corporation from 2015 to 2021, until the company's acquisition by Marvell Semiconductor. In September 2021, she was appointed to the GlobalFoundries board. 

In 2018, she was named one of the "most powerful female engineers" in the United States by Business Insider.

Murphy holds several patents in the areas of distributed systems, cloud infrastructure, machine learning, and security.

References

Further reading 
 
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women engineers
Gen Digital people
Microsoft employees
Yahoo! employees
Google employees
21st-century American women engineers
21st-century American women
Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal. Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal (SOGT) is a terminal located in Kimanis, Papar District, Sabah, Malaysia. The terminal handles the production of oil and gas from the West Coast Field in South China Sea facing the western coast of Sabah, which covering the operations of Sabah Gas Terminal, Labuan Crude Oil Terminal and the Labuan Gas Terminal. Covering an area of about 250 acres, with a capacity to handle up to 300,000 barrels of crude oil per day and 1.0 billion standard cubic feet of gas per day. The terminal stores oil before it is transported by tanker. The terminal is also connected to another terminal in neighbouring Sarawak through the Sabah–Sarawak Gas Pipeline.

History 

The proposal to build the terminal has been put forward since 2005. The ground-breaking was officiated by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2007. In 2010, South Korean-company Samsung Engineering signed a $770 million contract with Petronas to jointly develop the project. A Sarawak-based Malaysian construction company, Naim Holdings Berhad also entered the joint venture with the project was finally complete in 2014.

References

External links 
 
 Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal

Oil terminals
Natural gas plants
Natural gas terminals
Buildings and structures in Sabah
2014 establishments in Malaysia
Buildings and structures completed in 2014
Papar District
HMS North Star (1916). HMS North Star was a Royal Navy Admiralty M-class destroyer constructed and then operational in the First World War. She was sunk in April 1918.

The destroyer was launched on 9 November 1916 and completed in February 1917.

Design and construction
The M-class destroyers were designed to meet a requirement for faster destroyers than the previous Laforey-class, in order to match reported German ships. They hoped for a speed of , but otherwise, the requirements were similar to those that gave rise to the Laforeys. As part of its 1913–1914 shipbuilding programme, the Admiralty ordered six ships to the standard Admiralty design, together with seven builder's specials from the experienced destroyer builders Yarrow, Thornycroft and Hawthorn Leslie, to the builder's own designs. The outbreak of the First World War resulted in a series of large orders being placed for destroyers to replace expected losses, with the existing M-class being chosen for orders rather than new designs to speed production. North Star was one of four Admiralty Ms ordered from Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company as part of an overall order of 22 destroyers of this class under the Third Emergency War Programme in late November 1914.

War-built Admiralty M-class destroyers like North Star were between  and  long overall, with a beam of  to  and a draught of  at normal load and  to . They had a design normal displacement of  which corresponded to a full load displacement of about .

Sinking
The destroyer took part in the Zeebrugge raid in April 1918 and was assigned as an escort ship, along with HMS Phoebe to guard HMS Vindictive. She was subsequently sunk on 23 April 1918 by German shore batteries  off Zeebrugge harbour, during the  raid. According to the official British Admiralty Statement on the Zeebrugge Raid, North Star lost her way in the smoke of the raid and emerged into the light of star-shells, whereupon she was sunk by coastal batteries.

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 

World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
1916 ships
Josef von Romako. Josef Ritter von Romako (1828 – 5 June 1882) was an Austro-Hungarian naval architect in the 19th century. He was responsible for designing most of the ironclad warships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, from the first vessels of the  in the early 1860s to , built in the late 1870s and early 1880s. He was also responsible for designing the s.

Career
He was born in 1828 in Atzgersdorf in Lower Austria and studied at the Technische Universität (Technical University) in Vienna. He joined the Austrian Navy and was appointed a provisional cadet on 25 September 1849. On 1 November 1859, he became the Schiffbau Oberingeniuer (main shipbuilding engineer), and it was during this period that he designed the Austrian ships that saw action at the Battle of Lissa on 20 July 1866. Romako's designs tended to emphasize stronger armor than foreign contemporaries.

On 1 November 1866, was promoted to the position of Schiffbau-Inspektor (Shipbuilding Inspector), and on 28 February 1870, he became the Obersten-Schiffbau-Ingeniuer. In the early 1870s, he designed the casemate ship Tegetthoff and later in the decade, he prepared the design for the first Austro-Hungarian torpedo cruisers of the  and the follow-on vessel, . The cruisers were the first steel hulled vessels of the Austro-Hungarian fleet, and they represented a transition from the wooden sailing cruisers of the 1860s to the more modern steel cruisers of the 1880s. Romako based his design on the German aviso .

During the course of his career, he was awarded the Order of the Iron Crown, and he was ennobled in 1869. He also received the Danish Order of the Dannebrog and the Mexican Order of Guadalupe.

After a career spanning 33 years, he died on 5 June 1882.

Family
His brother, Anton Romako, was a painter.

Notes

References
 
 
 

Naval architects from Austria-Hungary
Austro-Hungarian Navy officers
1828 births
1882 deaths
People from Liesing
Odesa State Environmental University. Odesa State Environmental University () is a university in Odesa, Ukraine.

History 
The university was founded on May 1, 1932 in Kharkiv as the Kharkiv Institute of Hydrometeorological Engineering. In the beginning of World War II the institute was evacuated to Ashgabat until August 1944. On July 4, 1944, it was relocated from Ashgabat to Odesa and renamed the Odesa Hydrometeorological Institute (OHMI). In 2001, the Odesa Hydrometeorological Institute received a new name - Odesa State Environmental University.

Education at the school

Institutes and faculties 

 Hydrometeorological Institute;
 Faculty of Ecology and Economics;
 Faculty of Conservation;
 Faculty of Computer Science;
 Faculty of Master's and Postgraduate Studies;
 Correspondence department.

Colleges 
 Odesa College of Computer Technology (formerly Odesa Machine Building College);
 Kharkiv Hydrometeorological College;
 Kherson Hydrometeorological College.

Other 
 Preparatory department;
 Center for Postgraduate Education;
 Center of Master's Training at the Naval Hydrophysical Institute of the National Academy of National Affairs of Ukraine;
 Department of Military Training (Ministry of Defence). 

Since 1993, the university has had a three-stage system of training specialists.

Graduates 
The University has produced more than 30,000 certified specialists. Since 1953, the university has been training foreign nationals; 1,600 engineers, researchers, and trainees. More than 200 personnel officers who are graduates of the university serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Notable alumni 
 Olena Khomrova. 
 Ivan Mishyn. 
 David B. Zilberman.

References

External links 
Official Website of the University (in Ukrainian)

Universities in Ukraine
1932 establishments in Ukraine
Universities and colleges in Odesa
Feng's classification. Tse-yun Feng suggested the use of degree of parallelism to classify various computer architecture. It is based on sequential and parallel operations at a bit and word level.

About degree of parallelism

Maximum degree of parallelism 

The maximum number of binary digits that can be processed within a unit time by a computer system is called the maximum parallelism degree P. If a processor is processing P bits in unit time, then P is called the maximum
degree of parallelism.

Average degree of parallelism 

Let i = 1, 2, 3, ..., T be the different timing instants and P1, P2, ..., PT be the corresponding bits processed.
Then,

Processor utilization 

Processor utilization  is defined as

The maximum degree of parallelism depends on the structure of the arithmetic and logic unit. Higher degree of parallelism indicates a highly parallel ALU or processing element. Average parallelism depends on both the hardware and the software. Higher average parallelism can be achieved through concurrent programs.

Types of classification 
According to Feng's classification, computer architecture can be classified into four. The classification is based on the way contents stored in memory are processed. The contents can be either data or instructions.

 Word serial bit serial (WSBS)
 Word serial bit parallel (WSBP)
 Word parallel bit serial (WPBS)
 Word parallel bit parallel (WPBP)

Word serial bit serial (WSBS)
One bit of one selected word is processed at a time. This represents serial processing and needs maximum processing time.

Word serial bit parallel (WSBP) 

It is found in most existing computers and has been called "word slice" processing because one word of one bit is processed at a time. All bits of a selected word are processed at a time. Bit parallel means all bits of a word.

Word parallel bit serial (WPBS) 
It has been called bit slice processing because m-bit slice is processed at a time. Word parallel signifies selection of all words. It can be considered as one bit from all words are processed at a time.

Word parallel bit parallel (WPBP) 
Fully parallel processing involves simultaneously processing an array of `n × m` bits. This means that both `n` words and `m` bits in each word are processed at the same time, enabling faster and more efficient data handling.

Limitations of Feng's classification 
It fails to project the concurrency in pipeline processors, as degree of parallelism doesn't account for concurrency handle by pipe-lined design.

See also
 Händler's  (ECS)
 Flynn's taxonomy

References

Computer architecture
Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation. Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC) is a government owned corporation in Bangladesh. Md. Saidur Rahman is the chairman of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation.

History 
Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation was founded in 1976. It is in charge of Karnafuli Paper Mills, the largest Paper Mill in Bangladesh. Haiul Quaium is the present chairman of the corporation. It operates 12 factories in Bangladesh including Ashuganj Fertilizer and Chemical Company Limited in Brahmanbaria, Urea Fertiliser Factory Ltd in Ghorashal and Polash Urea Fertiliser Factory in Palash, Narsingdi. The corporation has liabilities of 51.06 billion taka to state owned banks. BCIC College is run by the corporation. In 1982, it set up the first tiles factory in Bangladesh. It is subsidized by Bangladesh government. The Training Institute for Chemical Industries (TICI) is a sister concern of BCIC and is run by BCIC too. Chittagong Urea Fertilizer School and College falls under this corporation, as does Urea Sar Karkhana School & College.

Corruption 
Deputy-chief of personnel Momtaz Begum of BCIC was found involved in graft and nepotism after a probe by the Ministry of Industries. She was promoted despite the findings of the probe to chief of personnel. In March 2017, Mohammad Iqbal, the chairman of the BCIC, was transferred to Bangladesh Climate Change Trust, and was replaced by Additional Secretary Shah Md Aminul Haq. Iqbal refused to hand over his charge to Haq and has since been lobbying government officials to retain his job as of April 2017. On 17 May 2017, Harun-ar-Rashid, the chief of BCIC warehouse in Patuakhali disappeared along with 100 million taka worth fertilizer. BCIC had seen in the past, hundreds of thousands of fertilizer disappearing.

See also
Triple Super Phosphate Complex Limited
Jamuna Fertilizer Company Limited
Ashuganj Fertilizer and Chemical Company Limited
Bangladesh Insulator and Sanitaryware Factory Limited
Usmania Glass Sheet Factory Limited
Khulna Hard Board Mills Limited
Khulna Newsprint Mills Limited
Miracle Industries Limited
Ghorasal Polash Urea Fertilizer Public Limited Company

References

Manufacturing companies based in Dhaka
Government-owned companies of Bangladesh
Organisations based in Motijheel
Chemical companies established in 1976
Corruption in Bangladesh
Chemical companies of Bangladesh
Bangladeshi companies established in 1976
W. J. Seeley. Walter J. Seeley (died July 29, 1974) served as the Dean of Duke University's Edmund T. Pratt Jr. School of Engineering from 1953 until 1963. He also served as chairman of the Electrical Engineering Department at Duke University. He was formerly an engineering professor at University of Pennsylvania. During World War II, he served as Director of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. He graduated from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now New York University Tandon School of Engineering). The Walter J. Seeley Scholastic Award is awarded annually at Duke University to the member of the graduating class of the Edmund T. Pratt Jr. School of Engineering who has achieved the highest scholastic average in all subjects.

Seeley died in July 1974 at the age of 79.

References

Year of birth missing
1974 deaths
Duke University faculty
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Paul Schmidt (inventor). Paul Schmidt (26 March 1898 18 October 1976) was a German aerospace engineer and inventor based in Munich, mainly known for his contribution to the development of the pulsejet.

Life 
Schmidt was born on 26 March 1898 in Hagen, Westphalia.

His early work involved efforts to improve the performance and efficiency of aircraft power plants. In 1928 he decided the most promising technology was intermittent thrust generation. With meagre resources, he worked on developing pulse engines. German ministry officials visited him in the early 1930s to make an assessment of his work.

He initially started pushing the concept of the pulse engine in 1931. Patent DE523655 contained the first sketch of an impulsive duct.  In the mid 1930s, the Luftwaffe was interested in applying Schmidt's work . His development of the Pulse Engine was referred to as the Schmidtrohr (Schmidttube) and he obtained both German and British patents for it. He used the term "pulsating incineration" in reference to the re-ignition principles.

While his early pulse engines performed poorly, he lost control of the project, though still remained involved. However, the project got more attention and government funding, following the start of the war. The Luftwaffe supported the project, and Schmidt's pulse engine, with extra development, was used to power the V-1 flying bomb, the first cruise missile. The engine was based on a 3.6 metre long tube resonator. It had a valve matrix at its entrance, and a laval nozzle at its exit, and used it for periodic re-ignition (at about 50 Hz).

Schmidt died on 18 October 1976 in Munich.

References 

German aerospace engineers
20th-century German inventors
1898 births
1976 deaths
People from Hagen
Engineers from Munich
Return on modeling effort. Return on modelling effort (ROME) is the benefit resulting from a (supplementary) effort to create and / or improve a model.

Purpose 
In engineering, modelling always serves a particular goal. For example, the lightning protection of aircraft can be modelled as an electrical circuit, in order to predict whether the protection will still work in 30 years, given the ageing of its electrical components. More and more effort can be put in making this model predict reality perfectly. However, this perfection comes at a price: researchers invest time and money in improving the model. As a Return on investment (ROI), the ROME is a metric for the use of further modelling. It may therefore serve as a 'stopping criterion'.

Typically, researchers will pull towards continuing modelling, while management will pull towards stopping modelling. Being explicit about the cost and benefits of continued modeling may help to make informed decisions that are understood by both sides. Continuous communication between model developers and model users increases the probability of models being actually put to profit.

Domains 
ROME is a metric, which can be evaluated wherever modelling is performed with a quantifiable goal. Examples include:
 Modeling the impact of federal policy on social problems.
 Modeling a marketing mix to statistically correlate a number of inputs (or independent variables) – such as a marketing campaign – to outcomes (or dependent variables) – such as sales or profits.
 Modeling the links between enterprise actors to make an informed choice on splitting organizations.
 Modeling the coupling of an electromagnetic interference to a PCB to reduce its susceptibility by improving the routing of traces.

Research 
The initiative "Models at Work" studies the creation, management and use of domain models in scientific and industrial practice, aiming at a diversity of goals, varying from (as truthful as possible) representation of the conceptual structure of the domain that is modelled, via animation, simulation, execution and gamification, until automated (logic-based) reasoning.

References 

Financial ratios
Engineering ratios
Acronyms
Financial models
N,N'-Dimethylethylenediamine. N,N'-Dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) is the organic compound with the formula (CHNH)CH.  It is a colorless liquid with a fishy odor.  It features two secondary amine functional groups.  Regarding its name, N and N' indicate that the methyl groups are attached to different nitrogen atoms.

Reactions
DMEDA is used as a chelating diamine for the preparation of metal complexes, some of which function as homogeneous catalysts.

The compound is used as a precursor to imidazolidines by condensation with ketones or with aldehydes:
 

DMEDA complexes of copper(I) halides are used to catalyze C-N coupling reactions.

See also
 1,1-Dimethylethylenediamine
 Dimethylaminopropylamine

References

Diamines
Chelating agents
1,1-Dimethylethylenediamine. 1,1-Dimethylethylenediamine is the organic compound with the formula (CH)NCHCHNH.  It is a colorless liquid with a fishy odor, featuring one primary amine and a tertiary amine. It is used to prepare  chelating diamine-containing ligands for the synthesis of metal catalysts. Additionally, it is a precursor to the drug chloropyramine.

See also
 1,2-Dimethylethylenediamine
 Dimethylaminopropylamine

References

Diamines
Chelating agents