omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Motor-CAD. Motor-CAD is an Electromagnetic and Thermal analysis package for electric motors and generators, developed and sold by Motor Design Ltd. It was initially released in 1999.

Modules are available for brushless permanent magnet motors (BPM), outer rotor BPM motors, induction motors, permanent magnet dc machines, switched reluctance motors, synchronous machines and claw pole machines.

An integrated ultra fast finite element module (EMag) provides accurate electromagnetic and electrical performance predictions.

The thermal module (Therm) combines lumped circuit and finite element thermal calculations for optimising the cooling system of the machine.  
Cooling methods modelled include natural convection (Totally enclosed non ventilated - TENV), forced convection (Totally enclosed fan cooled - TEFC), through ventilation, water jackets, submersible, wet rotor and wet stator, spray cooling, radiation and conduction.
A wide range of housing types can be modelled.

The Lab module works with the EMag and Therm modules to help develop new design concepts. It provides efficiency mapping and duty cycle / drive cycle transient outputs within a few minutes.

Thermal analysis of electric machines is regarded as a more challenging area of analysis than electromagnetic analysis in the construction of the model and the accuracy achievable.

Thermal analysis of electrical machines is becoming ever more important due to the increasing drive for energy efficiency and compact design machines. This is particularly true for the aerospace and automotive sectors where size, weight and efficiency are driving the design of machines.
The design approach often taken is to consider both electromagnetic and thermal aspects of a machines design at the early stages in machine design, where Motor-CAD allows this to be done.

Other possible thermal modelling techniques include computational fluid dynamics. Motor-CAD has been shown to give results with a similar accuracy in a fraction of the time.

References

External links
 Thermal Behaviour of Electrical Motors

Windows-only proprietary software
Computer-aided design software
Electric motors
ExtremeXOS. ExtremeXOS is the software or the network operating system used in newer Extreme Networks network switches. It is Extreme Networks second generation operating system after the VxWorks based ExtremeWare operating system.

ExtremeXOS is based on the Linux kernel and BusyBox.  In July 2008 legal action was taken against Extreme Networks due to alleged violation of the GNU General Public License.  Three months later the lawsuit was settled out of court.

References 

Linux-based devices
Embedded Linux
Network operating systems
Optical train. An optical train, also called an optical assembly, is an arrangement of optical components (e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms) to guide a line of sight and/or a laser beam. For example, the position and angle of lenses may be adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. Optical instruments like microscopes, telescopes, and DSLRs all have optical trains that guide the incoming light towards a detector or the eye of an observer. The optical train of a telescope is commonly called an optical tube assembly (OTA) or simply an optical tube.

References

See also
 Optical path

Optical devices
List of AEW&C aircraft operators. Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft are airborne radar systems designed to detect and track aircraft, missiles, ships and vehicles and provide command and control to direct friendly forces. Some operators, such as the Royal Air Force refer to such aircraft as Airborne early warning (AEW), while others reserve the shorter name for AEW aircraft lacking command and control facilities.

Current AEW&C operators

Future operators

Canada plans to acquire AWACS capability by 2045.

Historical AEW operators

See also
 List of airborne early warning aircraft

Notes

Footnotes

Citations

References

 
  
 

 
 
Eyes in the Skies – All the World's AWACS, Air Forces Monthly magazine, August 2008 issue.

 
AEWandC aircraft operators
AEWandC
AEWandC Aircraft Operators
Manufacturing Automation Protocol. Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) was a computer network standard released in 1982 for interconnection of devices from multiple manufacturers. It was developed by General Motors to combat the proliferation of incompatible communications standards used by suppliers of automation products such as programmable controllers. By 1985 demonstrations of interoperability were carried out and 21 vendors offered MAP products.  In 1986 the Boeing corporation merged its Technical Office Protocol with the MAP standard, and the combined standard was referred to as "MAP/TOP".  The standard was revised several times between the first issue in 1982 and MAP 3.0 in 1987, with significant technical changes that made interoperation between different revisions of the standard difficult.

Although promoted and used by manufacturers such as General Motors, Boeing, and others, it lost market share to the contemporary Ethernet standard and was not widely adopted. Difficulties included changing protocol specifications, the expense of MAP interface links, and the speed penalty of a token-passing network.  The token bus network protocol used by MAP became standardized as IEEE standard 802.4 but this committee disbanded in 2004 due to lack of industry attention.

References

Industrial automation
Computer networks
Margański & Mysłowski EM-10 Bielik. The Margański & Mysłowski EM-10 Bielik () is a low-cost Polish military training aircraft prototype, built by Margański & Mysłowski Zakłady Lotnicze, and first flown on 4 June 2003. The single-engine aircraft has a composite (mostly carbon fibre) fuselage with a light-alloy aft section, and the pressurized cockpit is fitted with ejection seats.

Specifications (EM-10 prototype)

References

External links

 Margański EM-10 Bielik

2000s Polish military trainer aircraft
EM10
Single-engined jet aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2003
Twin-tail aircraft
Shahriar Manzoor. Shahriar Manzoor () is a Bangladeshi competitive programmer and computer scientist. He is currently the chairman of the Computer Science and Engineering Department of Southeast University. He is a prominent problemsetter of UVa Online Judge. He is a judge of ACM-ICPC World Finals 2003–2018 and chief judge of National Programming Contest 2003 & 2004. He is also the judging director of ACM ICPC Dhaka Site 2004–2018 and chief judge of ACM ICPC Kuala lumpur Regional Contest 2010.

He took part in the ACM ICPC Dhaka Site in the year 1999 as a part of a team from BUET and his team stood third. He started the concept of arranging monthly contests in online judges. He has set around 400 problems in different online, national and international contests like ACM ICPC Asia Regional Contest in Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and China.

Birth and Education 

Shahriar Manzoor was born in 1976. His father name is ASM Manzoor, an engineer. His mother name is Quazi Quamrun Nahar, a teacher. 

Manzoor graduated from Bangladesh University of Engineering (BUET) with a bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Engineering.

References

Competitive programmers
1976 births
Living people
Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Biotechnology and Bioengineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biochemical engineering that was established in 1959. In 2009, the BioMedical & Life Sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association listed Biotechnology and Bioengineering as one of the 100 most influential journals in biology and medicine of the past century.

The journal focuses on applied fundamentals and application of engineering principles to biology-based problems. Initially, fermentation processes, as well as mixing phenomena and aeration with an emphasis on agricultural or food science applications were the major focus. The scale up of antibiotics from fermentation processes was also an active topic of publication.

Elmer L. Gaden was editor-in-chief from its initial publication until 1983. Daniel I.C. Wang and Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis each subsequently held this position. Douglas S. Clark, the current editor-in-chief, has served in this capacity since 1996.

The journal was established as Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering by Elmer Gaden, Eric M. Crook, and M. B. Donald and was first published in February 1959.  It obtained its current title in 1962.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.5.

References

External links
 

Biotechnology journals
Biomedical engineering journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1959
Monthly journals
SKR Engineering College. SKR Engineering College is a postsecondary educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India focusing on engineering.

Undergraduate courses (4 years) 
Bachelor of Engineering degree in
Bio-Medical Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Information Technology
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Computer science & Business Systems

Postgraduate courses (2 years) 
Master of Business Administration
SKR Engineering College is an engineering college in Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The institution was established in 2001 by Shri A.M.Srinivasan and Shri K. Ramadoss.

References 

Educational institutions established in 2001
Engineering colleges in Chennai
Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
2001 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Vitrified sand. Vitrified sand is sand that has been heated to a high enough temperature to undergo vitrification, which is the melting of the silicon dioxide or quartz that compose common sand. Vitrified sand is a type of natural glass, contrasted with manufactured glass in which soda ash or potash are added to lower the melting point. Pure quartz melts at . There are several natural processes that produce more or less melted sand and one man-made form:

 Fulgurite is sand fused by a lightning bolt hitting sand.
 Impactite such as tektite is sand fused by the compressive heat of a meteor strike including moldavite, a gem quality stone mined in some locations.
Frit is partially fused sand plus other chemicals created in the process of glaze and glass making.
Nuclear melt glass, formed by the detonation of a nuclear weapon. Examples include trinitite, created during the Trinity nuclear test.

Volcanic glass in many forms is not fused sand because it is formed from molten material.

References

Glass in nature
Winding factor. In power engineering, winding factor  provides a way to compare of the effectiveness of different designs of stators for alternators.  Winding factor is the ratio of electromotive force (EMF) produced by a stator having a short-pitch,  distributed, or skewed winding,  with a stator having full-pitch, concentrated, and non-skewed, windings.  

For most alternators, the stator acts as the armature.  Winding factor also applies to other electric machines, but this article focuses on winding factor as it applies to alternators.

Practical alternators have a short-pitched and distributed windings to reduce harmonics and maintain constant torque.  Also, either the stator or rotor may be slightly skewed from the rotor's axis to reduce cogging torque.   The armature winding of each phase may be distributed in a number of pole slots.  Since the EMF induced in different slots are not in phase, their phasor sum is less than their numerical sum.  This reduction factor is called distribution factor .  The other factors that can reduce the winding factor are pitch factor  and skew factor .

Pitch 
In alternator design, pitch means angle.  The shaft makes a complete rotation in 360 degrees, and is called mechanical degrees.  However, the current in a conductors makes a complete cycle in 360 electrical degrees. Electrical degrees and mechanical degrees are related as follows:

where P is the number of poles.

No matter how many poles, each pole always spans exactly 180 electrical degrees, and it is called pole pitch.  Coil pitch is the number of electrical degrees spanned by the coil.

Short pitch factor 
A full-pitched coil is 180 electrical degrees, meaning it spans the entire pole.  A short-pitched coil is less than 180 electrical degrees, meaning it does not spans the entire pole.  The amount the coil is short-pitched is given by the variable  in electrical degrees:

, and the pitch factor is:

.

A short pitched coil is also called chorded, in reference to the chord of a circle.

Calculating winding factor 
The winding factor can be calculated as 

where 
 is the distribution factor.
 is the pole factor.
 is the skew factor resulting from the winding being skewed from the axis of the rotor.

Example 
For a 3-phase 6 slot 4 pole non-overlapping winding alternator: 
 

Most of 3-phase motors have winding factor values between 0.85 and 0.95.

The winding factor (along with some other factors like winding skew) can help to improve the harmonic content in the generated EMF of the machine.

References

Saadat, Hadi. 2004. Power Systems Analysis. 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill. International Edition.

Reducing the effect of total harmonics distortion of synchronous machines
Electric motor winding calculator, 2022, Emetor AB
Kencoil, glossary
Reading a winding diagram
A Comparative Study on Performance of 3kW Induction Motor with Different Shapes of Stator Slots

Electrical generators
Slingsby Falcon. The Slingsby T.1/T.2 Falcon or British Falcon) was a single-seat sport glider produced, in 1931–37, by Fred Slingsby in Scarborough, Yorkshire.

Design and development
The Falcon was constructed from plans supplied by the Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft (the controlling body for gliding in Germany). Originally designed by Alexander Lippisch, the T.1 was a single-seat sport glider of moderate performance for its day. The fuselage was primarily of wooden construction with six longerons, built-up frames, plywood skinning forward of the central pylon and fabric covering aft. The parasol wings were conventional in design and construction with built-up ribs and spars, plywood covering forward of the main spars and fabric aft.  They were swept at 12.5o but carried ailerons with unswept hinges and rounded trailing edges.  The wings were built in two parts joined at the centre, supported by a pylon and a total of eight struts, four vertical from the top longerons and four in vee pairs from the bottom longerons to approx 1/3-span. The tail surfaces were constructed in a similar fashion also braced with struts.

History

Fred Slingsby had noticed the lack of 'Intermediate' gliders available in England. At the recommendation of Guenther Groenhoff he acquired the plans for Lippisch's Falke and built ten aircraft: the Falcon, Falcon 2 and eight further Falcons (a.k.a. British Falcon). These aircraft were flown successfully for many years, but gradually succumbed until none were left airworthy. One was exported to Canada, and one was converted to a flying-boat glider for use by the Air Training Corps on Windermere, surviving to this day in the Windermere Steamboat Museum. During 1984-5 Ken Fripp of Southdown Aero Services at Lasham built a reproduction Falcon from original plans for Mike Russell, bringing the total built to eleven.

Operators

Air Training Corps

Specifications

See also

References
 Ellison, N.H. British Gliders and Sailplanes 1922-1970. A & C Black, 1971
 Simons, M. Slingsby Sailplanes. Airlife Publishing, 1996 -

External links

1930s British sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Falcon
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Parasol-wing aircraft
Heat and Mass Transfer. Heat and Mass Transfer is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer. It serves the circulation of new developments in the field of basic research of heat and mass transfer phenomena, as well as related material properties and their measurements. Thereby applications to engineering problems are promoted. The journal publishes original research reports.

As of 1995 the title Wärme- und Stoffübertragung was changed to Heat and Mass Transfer.

Indexing 
Among others, the journal is indexed in Google Scholar, INIS Atomindex, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OCLC, PASCAL, Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) and Scopus.

External links 
Heat and Mass Transfer

Energy and fuel journals
Engineering journals
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Peter Heszler. Peter Heszler (November 1, 1958, Miskolc – August 15, 2009, Szeged) was a Hungarian physicist. He is well known  for, among others, his research on laser-assisted nanoparticle synthesis. His research included nanotechnology, condensed matter physics, materials science, fluctuations and noise, laser science and chemical sensors, including fluctuation-enhanced sensing.

One of his early famous papers was the exact denial of a non-existing phenomenon called quantum 1/f noise. The denial was based on quantum electrodynamics and proved that the quantum 1/f noise effect does not exist and its theoretical model is incorrect.  In the quantum 1/f noise model, the photons and their vacuum states were omitted from the equations and such errors yielded faulty mathematical predictions for fluctuations that cannot exist because they are forbidden by the basic orthogonality rules of quantum electrodynamics.

Perhaps, his most important breakthroughs are the discovery and application of emission of thermal radiation from nanoparticles during laser-assisted synthesis. The time dependent spectral analysis of this radiation offers a powerful tool to study the chemical reactions and their dynamics during laser-assisted nanoparticle fabrication.

Career

Peter Heszler's PhD is from the University of Szeged, Hungary (1988). His habilitation (Docent) degree is from University of Uppsala, Sweden (1994).  Most of his scientific results were achieved at these two places. During his last years, he was Senior Research Fellow at Szeged and Associate Professor at Uppsala. Out of science and technology, he was also interested in the history and culture of the interrelation of science and religion, and he held a related course about that at the University of Szeged.

Publications by Heszler
 Proc. SPIE Fluctuations and Noise in Photonics and Quantum Optics II, Vol. 5468, (Ed. Peter Heszler), Maspalomas, Spain,  May 26–28 May 2004,  .

References

External links
 Scholar Google Profile

1958 births
2009 deaths
University of Szeged alumni
Uppsala University alumni
20th-century Hungarian physicists
Alexandria (schooner). Alexandria was a cargo-carrying three-masted schooner built in 1929. Originally named Yngve, she was built at Björkenäs, Sweden, and fitted with a 58 H.P. auxiliary oil engine.

Around 1937 her Rigging was changed to ketch. In 1939, she was sold and renamed Lindö. She operated in Baltic waters as a coastal trader until 1975 when she crossed the Atlantic to New York City. In early 1976, she was rebuilt and rerigged as a three-masted topsail schooner, her original rig. She took part in Operation Sail that July, and a similar event at Boston in 1980. In 1984, she was acquired by the Alexandria Seaport Foundation a non profit corporation in Alexandria, Virginia, and renamed Alexandria.

The foundation kept her as a live museum in Alexandria and sailed her as a goodwill ambassador for the city of Alexandria. She participated in several races and tall ship reunions sailing as far north as Boston and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. During this time she was rigged with bowsprit, jib-boom, foremast, mainmast and mizzenmast, all three masts fitted with topmasts and gaffs for the gaff sails and the fore topmast fitted with three yards for the topsails. The sails were four headsails, three gaff sails and three gaff topsails (one on each mast), upper and lower square topsails on the foremast, a staysail between the fore and main masts and another staysail between the main and mizzen masts.

The ship was used in the 1980 movie "The Island" (as the Lindö) starring Michael Caine.  In the movie, the ship is extensively featured in a scene where the ship is captured by pirates, the ship's crew is killed, and the ship sunk.  The Lindö is easily recognizable because of its distinctive red sails. IMDB

In fall 1993, in New Orleans, she was a prop in the making of the film Interview with the Vampire. She then spent the winter in New Orleans and was sailed back to Alexandria the following spring. In early 1996, a survey reported that the ship was not seaworthy and would require extensive and expensive repairs to get her back into good condition. The Alexandria Seaport Foundation did not have the means to repair her and in fall 1996 the ship was sold to Yale Iverson, a lawyer from Iowa. The new owner ignored warnings against taking the ship out in the Atlantic in bad weather and, after taking in water all night, on 9 December 1996, at around 6:30am, Alexandria sank off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The crew of seven were rescued by the Coast Guard, five of them right away and two after 6½ hours in the water.

References

1929 ships
Three-masted ships
Schooners
Maritime incidents in 1996
Transportation in Alexandria, Virginia
Museums in Alexandria, Virginia
Ships built in Sweden
Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity. The Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM) project is a U.S. government-funded study investigating strategies for applying diagnostic telemedicine to space. The Principal Investigator is Scott Dulchavsky, Chairman of Surgery at the Henry Ford Health System. This study was the first formal experiment to examine the use of ultrasound in microgravity encompassing musculoskeletal, heart, lung, abdominal, pelvic, dental, and orbital scans. Ultrasound is the only medical imaging device currently available on board the International Space Station. In addition, the lack of physician expertise on board the ISS makes diagnosis of medical conditions challenging. Ultrasound may have direct application for the evaluation and diagnosis of hundreds of medical conditions and is of interest for treating exploration crews. The telemedicine strategies investigated by this project has widespread application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations.  Ultrasound images from space from a variety of body regions have been shown to be of diagnostic quality and non-expert operators were easily trained in ultrasound skills. This work has been expanded to include professional Football, Baseball, and Ice Hockey teams as well as the Winter and Summer Olympic Games in collaboration with investigators such as Marnix Van Holsbeeck. Dr. Dulchavsky has also led an innovative pilot study to expand comprehensive ultrasound education to basic science medical students at the Wayne State University School of Medicine. This trial has been shown to be a success with over 82 percent of students agreeing or strongly agreeing that their educational experience with the lightweight ultrasound technology education was positive. This technology is now being taught to medical students in their clinical clerkships.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20091029061057/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/ADUM.html
Battling Fire and Ice: remote guidance ultrasound to diagnose injury on the International Space Station and the ice rink: http://www.ajsfulltextonline.com/article/S0002-9610%2806%2900802-6/abstract
A Pilot Study of Comprehensive Ultrasound Education at the Wayne State University School of Medicine: https://web.archive.org/web/20100713124805/http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/5/745

Diagnostic medical imaging
Medical imaging organizations
Medical ultrasonography