omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
CAFU. CAFU is an energy delivery company, that operates in major cities of United Arab Emirates.

History
CAFU was founded in 2018 by Rashid Al Ghurair.

In 2020, the company spearheaded a campaign to provide complimentary fuel to Dubai ambulances for a period of two weeks. Since starting operations in November 2018, the company has expanded its fuel delivery operations to Oman.

In 2021, CAFU launched the Ghaf Tree Project, to re-green barren ecosystems across the Emirates by planting one million Ghaf tree seeds.

In 2023, CAFU declared its venture into Canada with a mobile EV charging, prototype mobile EV charging vehicle is a Ford E-Transit van outfitted with a charging station, batteries, and a mobile app.

In 2019, Nakheel CEO Sanjay Manchanda and Rashid Al Ghurair signed a deal with CAFU, for boat owners in Palm Jumeirah.

Partnerships
In Oct 2023, CAFU signed an agreement with Shell Markets Middle East, announcing them as their preferred lubricants partner.

In 2021, CAFU and Quebec-based Institute of Vehicle Innovation (IVI) collaborated and tested its mobile EV chargers in Montreal city

In 2021, CAFU and Ford Partnership revealed a new strategic alliance aimed at Refuelling
experience.

Awards and recognition
In 2022, CAFU was recognized as one of the 30 Rising Startups from the Middle East.
Gold Award for Innovation in Sustainable Technologies in 2023.

References

Companies based in Dubai
2018 establishments
Companies established in 2018
Companies established in 2018 by country
Wan Huilin. Wan Huilin (; 20 November 1938 – 28 April 2024) was a Chinese physical chemist who was a professor at Xiamen University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Biography 
Wan was born in Hankou, Hubei, on 20 November 1938. He attended the First Affiliated Middle School of Central China Normal University. In 1958, he enrolled at the Central South University of Mining and Metallurgy (now Central South University), where he majored in the Metallurgical Department. In 1959, due to the adjustment of university and colleges departments, he was transferred to the Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University.

After graduating in 1962, Wan stayed for teaching. In 1982, he became a visiting scholar at the Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

On 28 April 2024, he died in Xiamen, Fujian, at the age of 85.

Honours and awards 
 1986 State Natural Science Award (Third Class) for the research on nitrogen fixation to ammonia under the action of nitrogenase and iron catalyst.
 1997 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
 2001 National Labor Medal

References 

1938 births
2024 deaths
People from Wuhan
Scientists from Hubei
Chinese physical chemists
Xiamen University alumni
Academic staff of Xiamen University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
20th-century Chinese scientists
21st-century Chinese scientists
Meep (software). Meep (MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation) is a free and open-source software package for electromagnetic simulations, developed by ab initio research group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006. Operating under Unix-like systems, it uses finite-difference time-domain method with perfectly matched layer or periodic boundary conditions for field computation. 

Meep supports dispersive, nonlinear and anisotropic media, and features subpixel smoothing and parallelization, as well as an embedded frequency-domain solver for steady-state fields and eigenmode expansion. The package was subsequently expanded to include an adjoint solver for topology optimization and inverse design, and a Python interface.

The software is widely adopted by optics and photonics communities, with applications including the analysis and design of metalenses and photonic crystals.

See also

 Comparison of EM simulation software
 List of computer simulation software

References

External links 
 
 

2006 software
Computer-aided engineering software for Linux
Cross-platform free software
Free software for Linux
Free software for Windows
Free software for macOS
Free computer-aided design software
Free physics software
Free software programmed in C++
Electromagnetic simulation software
Scientific simulation software
Software using the GNU General Public License
Massachusetts Institute of Technology software
Free simulation software
Yashashree Kulkarni. Yashashree Kulkarni is a Bill D. Cook Professor of Mechanical Engineering 
at the University of Houston, and the president of the Society Of Engineering Science. Her research involves the mechanical properties of advanced materials, including nanocrystalline and nanotwinned metals.

Education and career
Kulkarni studied civil engineering as an undergraduate at IIT Bombay in India, graduating in 2001. She then went to the California Institute of Technology for graduate study in applied mechanics, earned a master's degree in 2002, and completed her Ph.D. in 2006. Her dissertation, Coarse-Graining of Atomistic Description at Finite Temperature, was supervised by Michael Ortiz.

After postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Diego, Kulkarni joined the University of Houston as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering in 2009. She was elected president of the Society Of Engineering Science in 2024.

Recognition
Kulkarni was the 2017 recipient of the Sia Nemat-Nassar Early Career Award of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). She was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2022.

References

External links
Kulkarni research group

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian materials scientists
Indian women engineers
American materials scientists
American women engineers
Women mechanical engineers
Women materials scientists and engineers
IIT Bombay alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Houston faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Julie Steele. Julie Robyn Steele is a retired Australian bio-mechanic who made breakthroughs in basic, clinical, and applied biomechanics. She is arguably regarded as one of Australia's most influential biomechanists.

She spent most of her career at the University of Wollongong, where she joined in 1983 and retired in 2020. It was also where she founded the Biomechanics Research Laboratory and Breast Research Australia (BRA). In 2021, she was awarded with a Emeritus Professorship at the University.

Biography 
Steele was born in Adelaide, South Australia. After completing high school, She began a career path in high school teaching. After graduation, she found that there were no positions available and relocated to Perth, where she studied biomechanics under Professor Bruce Elliott.

After completing her honours degree Steele relocated to Wollongong in 1983.

Research career 
Steele's early research focused on the mechanics of lower limb injuries, which was used to design footwear to increase the quality of life in the elderly, obese, and those with injuries.

Her later work focused on creating wearable technologies for women suffering from lymphedema and designing the 'bionic bra' that tightens automatically when the wearer moves and relaxes when sitting or still.

Steele said of this focus:

Awards 

 In 2005, Steele was awarded the NSW Telstra Business Women of the Year.
 In 2019, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her work in biomechanics, higher education, and professional associations.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Women biomechanists
Members of the Order of Australia
Academic staff of the University of Wollongong
Iron frame. The term iron frame describes the structural use of either cast iron or wrought iron in the columns and beams of a building. While popular in the 19th century, the iron frame was displaced by the steel frame in the early 20th century.

Cast iron 

Columns made of cast iron were introduced in the 1770s, the first building with multiple storeys using cast iron for both columns and beams is the Ditherington Flax Mill in Shrewsbury (1797). Columns were joined usually at the floor level and sometimes bolted together, the longer beams were made of sections that were also kept together by bolts. At first,  the stiffness of the frame was achieved through the use of masonry that filled the openings in the frame, but since 1844, a rigid frame was used that was stable by itself (former fire station at the Portsmouth Dockyard).

With its high compression strength, the cast iron is well-suited for columns. At first, the cruciform profile was used, later displaced by the hollow round shape and H-beams. Relative tensile weakness made the cast iron not the best choice for the beams and girders, this was compensated by making the bottom flange of an I-beam (the one experiencing the tension) much wider than the top, compressed, one and varying the beam profile to be wider at the middle, where the stress was higher. Cast iron was rapidly replaced in the beams by the wrought iron in the mid-19th century, the process had accelerated after the Dee Bridge disaster of 1847.

Wrought iron 
Use of wrought iron in construction has a long history (cramps made from wrought iron were used in classical antiquity). The first all-wrought iron roof was apparently installed in 1837 at the Euston railway station in London.

Beams and girders were made of wrought iron with I-beam cross-section. The material was rarely used for the columns, as the cast was both stronger under compression and cheaper, so a typical iron frame building in the second half of the 19th century had cast iron columns and wrought iron beams. Columns at the Crystal Palace (1851), as well as short trusses, were made from the cast iron, while longer beams used wrought iron. A less-known precursor to the modern steel frame construction, the four-storey Boat Store ("Shed 78", 1858–1860), has its rigid frame constructed also from cast iron columns and wrought iron girders. With no internal walls and external walls made from sheet metal, the stability of this structure is provided exclusively through the rigid column-beam joints.

References

Sources 
 
 
 

Construction
Cast-iron architecture
Wetsus. Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology is a research centre for water technology in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. Over one hundred companies and twenty knowledge institutes work together at Wetsus to develop solutions for global water issues.

History 
Wetsus was established as part of Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland (a public-private partnership in the northern Netherlands, covering Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe), the Frisian Water Alliance, the University of Twente,  the University of Groningen and Wageningen University & Research to strengthen the position of the region as major player in the water sector. In 2007 the institute was labeled Top Technological Institute.

Collaboration 
Together with other actors of the WaterCampus Leeuwarden, Wetsus collaborates with several initiatives, such as:

 the Water Alliance to take technological innovations to the market,
 the Centrum voor innovatief vakmanschap water (Centre for innovative craftmanship water) for vocational education;
 the Centre of Expertise Water Technology (CEW) for collaboration in the applied sciences.

Wetsus is home to the MSc Water Technology, a joint degree of the University of Groningen, the University of Twente and Wageningen University & Research.

Innovation & research 
Wetsus studied reverse electrodialysis to generate osmotic power. That research resulted in a spin-off company called REDstack that generates blue energy at the Afsluitdijk in the Netherlands.  Wetsus also promoted decentralized sanitation and wastewater reuse in the Netherlands through the spin-off company DeSaH.

As of 2024, research is focused on removing PFAS from water, and the removal of micro and nanoplastics from water.

References

External links 
 Official site
 WaterCampus Leeuwarden

Research institutes
Water
Research institutes in the Netherlands
QL sulfide. QL sulfide is an isomer of the nerve agent VX. It is a sulfide of the chemical QL, or isopropyl aminoethylmethyl phosphonite.

Synthesis
QL sulfide is manufactured by reacting QL with sulfur.

Uses in chemical warfare
QL sulfide is an isomer of VX and readily converts to it.

The toxicity of QL sulfide is unknown but the fact that it easily isomerizes into VX makes it particularly dangerous.

It is the intermediate in the last step of VX production and binary VX deployment.

References

Nerve agent precursors
Organophosphonites
Diisopropylamino compounds
Ethoxy compounds
Ethanolamines
Eland Cables. Eland Cables is a British company headquartered in London, with its principal operations in Yorkshire. The company supplies electrical cables to the energy infrastructure industry in Europe. It specialises in distributing cables used in large civil engineering projects. Its cables are typically used in power and lighting solutions.

History
Established in 1975, ownership transferred to companies including Unidare before a management buy-out in 2005. Subsequently, the company has achieved approximately £200 million in annual revenue.

Its executive director, Jean-Sebastien Pelland, moved to London from Montreal in 2001 as a finance graduate. He took a role at HW Fisher, a chartered accountancy firm, advising the company in its MBO before joining the board in 2008.
It has supplied the cables for various major infrastructure projects across the UK, including the electrification of the Great Western Main Line.
The company changed its employee remuneration around 2017 due to workforce migration towards Amazon's higher-paying jobs in its South Yorkshire warehouse. In response, the company adjusted its pay structure from the national minimum to a higher living wage, aligning with standards set by the independent Living Wage Foundation. Additionally, it offered a living wage-plus salary, alongside additional benefits such as health insurance coverage for its employees.
From 2020, the company experienced a significant surge in demand and benefitted from private and public sector investment in decarbonisation and digitisation initiatives. In 2022, the company reported a turnover of £200.3 million, a 24% increase from the previous year and a substantial rise from the £107.6 million recorded in 2020. The company attributes this growth to the UK's ambitious efforts to overhaul its energy supply and distribution networks. Additionally, it benefitted from high-growth sectors such as renewable energy, battery storage, mobility and automation.
Eland Cables opened a large cable recycling plant that processes end-of-life cables and their materials. This facility recycles copper, aluminium, and other materials. The recycled materials are used for playground matting. The company recycles its floor sweepings and other site waste and turns non-recyclable materials into biofuel pellets for industrial kilns.

References

British companies established in 1975
Tetrapropylammonium. Tetrapropylammonium (TPA) is a quaternary ammonium cation with the formula , also denoted  (where Pr = propyl group). It is a precursor to several significant industrial and laboratory catalysts.

Properties 
TPA is chemically similar to other quaternary ammonium cations with saturated alkyl groups. As such, it is highly electrochemically stable, degrading only in the presence of particularly strong bases and nucleophiles.

It is isoelectronic with tetrapropyltin and the tetrapropylboranuide anion.

Synthesis 
Like other quaternary ammonium cations, TPA is prepared by the alkylation of the corresponding ammonia analogue, tripropylamine. Treatment of the amine with a primary propyl halide such as n-bromopropane yields the corresponding TPA halide salt in a Menshutkin reaction:

The halide salts are then converted to the more industrially valuable hydroxide by reaction with aqueous silver oxide, electrolysis, ion-exchange resin, or electrodialysis.

Applications 
The tetrapropylammonium cation is used as a structure-directing agent in the production of synthetic zeolites, in particular ZSM-5 and titanium-bearing TS-1 catalysts. After synthesis, TPA is removed by thermolysis.

The TPA salt tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) is an effective and highly selective oxidiser, with numerous applications in organic synthesis. Combined with a cooxidant, it serves as a catalyst for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

References 

Quaternary ammonium compounds
Propyl compounds
Cations
Strontium carbide. Strontium carbide (also more precisely known as strontium acetylide or strontium dicarbide) is a salt with chemical formula SrC2.  It was first synthesized by Moissan in 1894.

Strontium carbide can be formed in an electric arc furnace from strontium carbonate and a reductant, such as a reducing sugar or magnesium metal.  Alternatively, carbothermal reduction of strontium oxide with graphite begins around 150 °C and is catalyzed by calcium oxide.  Classical organic chemistry syntheses include transmetallation from mercury acetylide or an acid-base reaction between dibenzylstrontium and acetylene, although these techniques often produce complexes with the solvent.  Direct formation from the elements has a notional enthalpy of -20 kcal/mol.

Nevertheless, strontium carbide may be only metastable when encapsulated in a fullerene.   It slowly hydrolyzes in air to acetylene.

The material is polymorphic, forming a monoclinic crystal structure akin to calcium carbide II and a black tetragonal phase.  Heated to 370 °C, it reversibly converts to a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice.  Yttrium carbide retains the fcc lattice down to room temperature; the difference is a 3eg orbital that strontium lacks the electrons to fill.  Cyanamide impurities stabilize one other strontium carbide polymorph, just as they do for calcium carbide.  The stabilized calcium carbide polymorph is triclinic, and the strontium carbide polymorph is believed to be so as well.

At roughly 1800 °C, strontium carbide melts.  It forms a solid solution with europium carbide, as Eu2+ has an almost identical ionic radius to Sr2+.

Strontium carbide is a chemical intermediate in an archaic carbon-14 dating technique: burning the material to be dated releases carbon dioxide, trapped as strontium carbonate.  Magnesium then reduces the carbonate to strontium carbide and hydrolysis releases acetylene.  The radioactive decay of the acetylene can then be observed directly or heating to 600 °C polymerizes the acetylene to benzene for a liquid scintillator.

Solid state metathesis of strontium carbide and a (complex) metal oxide gives the corresponding metal carbide and strontium oxide.  The latter washes away easily in pure water.

References
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Strontium compounds
Acetylides
Joseph Amerlinck. Joseph Amerlinck (1862–1915) was a Belgian railway engineer active in Central Africa and South America.

Life
Amerlinck was born in Ghent on 22 May 1862. After graduating from the School of Civil Engineering of Ghent University, in 1888 he set off for the Congo Free State, to assess the feasibility of building a railway line from Lukungu to Leopoldville. He later worked in Chile, where he briefly taught at the University of Santiago, and for about a decade in Guatemala, as director of a railway. Around 1905 he moved to Mexico, where his descendants became the family Amerlinck y Zirión. He died on 5 February 1915.

References

1862 births
1915 deaths
Belgian engineers
Ghent University alumni
Amy Betz. Amy Rachel Betz is an American materials scientist whose research investigates the effects of water-attracting and water-repelling surfaces on heat transfer and on icing of aircraft surfaces. She is an associate professor of mechanical and nuclear engineering at Kansas State University, where she also serves as assistant dean for retention, diversity and inclusion.

Education and career
Betz has a 2006 bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from George Washington University. She went to Columbia University for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 2008 and completing her Ph.D. in 2011. Her doctoral dissertation, Multiphase Microfluidics for Convective Heat Transfer and Manufacturing, was supervised by Daniel Attinger.

Before she completed her studies, Betz worked in hotel management. She joined the Kansas State University faculty in 2011, She became assistant dean for retention, diversity and inclusion in the Kansas State University College of Engineering in 2019.

Recognition
Betz's efforts to encourage women in engineering were recognized by the K-State Office for the Advancement of Women in Science and Engineering, which gave her their KAWSE Award in 2016, and again in 2023.

In 2017, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International Conference on Nanochannel, Microchannels, and Minichannels gave her their Outstanding Leadership Award. She was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2022.

References

External links
Home page (not regularly updated since 2016)

Q&A with Betz, Engineergirl

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American materials scientists
American women engineers
Women materials scientists and engineers
George Washington University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Kansas State University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Peter Bown. Peter Bown (19261997) was a British engineer of sound, who has worked extensively as a sound technician, engineer, mixing manager, etc., in a long list of musical productions, from psychedelic rock to classical music; of his collaborations some stand out with The Hollies, The Beatles, Pink Floyd, Syd Barrett, or even the Montserrat Caballé or Plácido Domingo. Among the numerous studios where he has worked, the Abbey Road stand out and the EMI Studios in London.

Biography and musical production 
Bown was born in 1926 in London, England. He began working as a sound engineer within the world of the music industry in the mid-1960s. He was hired by Pink Floyd as a sound engineer at EMI Studios (now known as Abbey Road Studios) in the late 1960s.

During his long career with Pink Floyd, Bown was a key collaborator on many of the group's albums. He worked on albums such as The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, Meddle, Atom Heart Mother, "The Dark Side of the Moon" (1973)," Wish You Were Here " (1975), "Animals" (1977), and "The Wall".

Productions 
 1967: The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, Pink Floyd
 1970: Barrett, Syd Barrett
 1970: Atom Heart Mother, Pink Floyd
 1970: Let It Be, The Beatles
 1974: The Madcap Laughs/Barrett, Syd Barrett
 1988: Past Masters, The Beatles
 1995: Diva: Montserrat Caballe, Montserrat Caballé
 1997: Best of Plácido Domingo, Plácido Domingo

References 

1926 births
1997 deaths
English audio engineers
Pink Floyd
The Beatles
People from London