omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen. The parliamentary inquiry into natural gas extraction Groningen () was a parliamentary inquiry by the Dutch House of Representatives between 2021 and 2023 and was investigating the natural gas extraction from the Groningen gas field and the problems that it caused. The goal of the inquiry was to gain insight into decision-making regarding natural gas extraction, earthquakes, damage handling and reinforcement of buildings.

Background 
Starting in the 1960's, the Netherlands allowed the extraction of natural gas in the Groningen gas field. In 1986, the first earthquake induced by a natural gas field (specifically ) occurred in the north of the Netherlands. In the next decades, the number of earthquakes increased, especially above the Groningen gas field. The earthquake near Huizinge in 2012 marked a turning point, after which the attention on the earthquakes increased. Starting in 2014, the gas extraction was increasingly limited.

Motion 
On 3 March 2015, the first motion was introduced in the Dutch House of Representatives proposing a parliamentary inquiry. Voting on this motion, filed by Esther Ouwehand (PvdD), was postponed and the motion was finally rejected in February 2017. Frank Wassenberg (PvdD) and Carla Dik-Faber (CU) also introduced a motion for an inquiry, but this attempt failed as well.

At the end of January 2019, voting would take place on a motion by Tom van der Lee (GL) en Henk Nijboer (PvdA), which again requested parliamentary inquiry. This was postponed on the request of coalition partners VVD, CDA, D66 and CU, who first wanted to discuss this within their parliamentary group. After discussions with these parties, Van der Lee changed the text of the motion. After these changes, the motion passed the House unanimously on 5 March 2019.

Public hearings 
Nearly seventy hearings had been held. These hearings took place from 27 June 2022 until 1 July 2022 and between 29 August 2022 en 14 October 2022. Among others, the following people were heard publicly:
 Annemarie Jorritsma (Minister of Economic Affairs from 1998 until 2002)
 Maxime Verhagen (Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation from 2010 until 2012)
  (mayor of Loppersum from 2003 until 2018)
 Max van den Berg (Queen's/King's commissioner in Groningen from 2007 until 2016)
 Jacques Wallage (Chair Dialogue table Groningen from 2014 until 2015)
  (CEO of  from 2014 until 2018)
 Dick Benschop (President-director of Shell Netherlands from 2011 until 2015)
 Jeroen Dijsselbloem (Minister of Finance from 2012 until 2017)
 Henk Kamp (Minister of Economic Affairs from 2012 until 2017)
 Liesbeth van Tongeren (GreenLeft Member of House of Representatives from 2010 until 2018)
 Jan Vos (Labour Party Member of House of Representatives from 2012 until 2017)
 René Leegte (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Member of House of Representatives from 2010 until 2015)
 William Moorlag (Provincial executive Groningen from 2009 until 2015)

References

House of Representatives (Netherlands) committees
Chrysler 26. The Chrysler 26 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Halsey Herreshoff as a cruiser and first built in 1977.

Production
The design was built by Chrysler Marine in the United States, starting in 1977, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Chrysler 26 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem plumb stem, a nearly-plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a swing keel or optional fixed fin keel.

The boat was produced with two different deck plans, the flush-deck "Cruiser" and the "Courser", named for the bird, with a more conventional coach house cabin.

The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering, although a diesel inboard was a factory option.

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, two straight settee berths in the main cabin and an aft cabin with a double berth. The head is fully enclosed. Cabin headroom is .

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker of .

The design has a hull speed of .

Variants
Chrysler 26
This model has a swing keel, displaces  and carries  of ballast. The boat has a draft of  with the keel down and  with it up, allowing operation in shallow water or ground transportation on a trailer.
Chrysler 26 FK
This fixed keel model displaces  and carries  of ballast. The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club the Chrysler Sailors and at one time also the Chrysler Sailing Association.

In a review SailRite wrote, "the Chrysler 26 is an excellent cruiser and features sleeping for six, with forward v-berth, double stern berth and two side berths. The Chrysler 26 also has an enclosed head for privacy. With six side windows and a translucent forward hatch there is plenty of ambient light."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Photo of the Chrysler 26 "Cruiser" version

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Halsey Herreshoff
Sailboat types built by Chrysler Marine
Monostrontium ruthenate. Monostrontium ruthenate is the inorganic compound with the formula SrRuO3.  It is one of two main strontium ruthenates, the other having the formula Sr2RuO4.  SrRuO3 is a ferromagnetic.  It has a perovskite structure as do many complex metal oxides with the ABO3 formula.  The Ru4+ ions occupy the octahedral sites and the larger Sr2+ ions are distorted 12-coordinate.

References

Strontium compounds
Ruthenates
Transition metal oxides
Ferromagnetic materials
Perovskites
ACL Cables. ACL Cables PLC is a cable manufacturing company in Sri Lanka. It manufactures and sells power cables, conductors, armoured cables and telephone cables. The company was established in 1962 as Associated Cables, a subsidiary of Associated Motorways. It was publicly quoted in 1976. In 1980, the company moved out of the Associated Motorways Group and was renamed ACL Cables in 1990. ACL Cables is one of the LMD 100 companies in Sri Lanka.

History
In 1962, Associated Cables Ltd was incorporated as a subsidiary of Associated Motorways (AMW). Manufacturing of electric cables commenced in the following year in the AMW industrial park in Kalutara. Associated Cables was listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in 1976. The company moved out of the Associated Motorways Group in 1980 and was renamed ACL Cables to establish an independent identity from Associated Motorways in 1990. The company started manufacturing armoured cables in 1986. ACL Cables began a technical collaboration with Nokia Cables in 1988. In 1995, the company started exporting to Bangladesh and the Maldives.

ACL Cables acquired Kelani Cables in 1999. The acquisition raised monopolistic concerns by the small players in the market. Even though the acquisition fueled speculations of triggering anti-monopoly legislation, since cables were not one of the 46 items that have been gazetted which cannot be monopolised, the Fair Trading Commission did not interfere in the matter. A consortium of companies consisting of ACL Cables, National Development Bank and Trydan Partners acquired Hemas Power from Hemas Holdings. ACL Cables introduced its new logo in 2015. The company acquired 51% of Cable Solutions (Pvt) Ltd for LKR480.7 million in 2019.

Operations
ACL Cables was ranked the most valuable building material and 37th overall brand in Sri Lanka in 2022 by Brand Finance. The company controls 70% of the market share of the cable market. ICRA Lanka upgraded its credit rating of ACL Cables to [SL]AA- from [SL]A+ in January 2022. The credit outlook is adjudged as Stable. The company's financial position and market share are cited as the rationale for the rating. ACL Cables' main export markets are India, Australia, Maldives, Bangladesh and Africa.

With the shortage of foreign exchange reserves due to the Sri Lankan economic crisis, the company faced difficulties in importing raw materials. ACL ceiling fans received Sri Lanka Standard Institute's certification for energy efficiency and safety features. The company moved to the ceiling fans market in 2016. Percy Abeysekera, the superfan of the Sri Lanka national cricket team is an employee of the company. Abeysekera joined the company in 1962 as a factory foreman and rose to a factory manager position during his career.

Subsidiaries

Source: Annual Report, 2020/21

See also
 List of companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange

References

External links
 Official website

1962 establishments in Ceylon
Companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange
Manufacturing companies based in Colombo
Manufacturing companies established in 1962
Wire and cable manufacturers
Hexamethoxymethylmelamine. Hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) is a hemiaminal ether commonly used as a crosslinking agent in the production of coatings and rubber items. It is produced via the reaction of melamine with formaldehyde and excess methanol, with the later also acting as a solvent for the reaction. It can be considered as a monomeric intermediate in the formation of melamine resin.

Hexamethoxymethylmelamine is used along with resorcinol in the production of vehicle tires, where it improves adhesion between the rubber and the steel reinforcing cords. As it has some water solubility it slowly leaches out of the rubber; particularly from the particles formed as the tires wear-down through use. Road runoff then introduces it into urban waters, where it has become a contaminant of emerging concern.

See also
 Rubber pollution

References

Triazines
Newport 28. The Newport 28 is an American sailboat that was designed by C&C Design as a cruiser-racer and first built in 1974.

The design was developed into the Newport 28-2 in 1982.

Production
The design was built by Capital Yachts in Harbor City, California, United States, from 1974 until 1981, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Newport 28 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller or optional wheel and a fixed swept fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel. The design may be fitted with a factory optional Universal Atomic 4 gasoline engine, Yanmar or Universal diesel engine, for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, two straight settee berths in the main cabin and an aft quarter berth. The galley had three optional locations: starboard main cabin, aft on the port or starboard side. The arrangement with the galley on aft, starboard side was the only one that included an oven. The cabin headroom is .

The design has a hull speed of  and a PHRF racing average handicap of 192.

Operational history
The boat is raced in both Performance Handicap Racing Fleet and one-design competition.

In a 2000 used boat review for Practical Sailor, Darrell Nicholson concluded, "The Newport 28 is a good entry-level cruiser-racer for someone wanting a reasonable combination of accommodations and performance, as long as you’re not too persnickety about details. It would be a reasonable compromise for someone who likes more traditional appearance in a modern boat, but doesn’t have the money to spend for a higher-quality boat of the same size and type, such as a Sabre 28."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Newport 28-2

References

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by C&C Design
Sailboat types built by Capital Yachts
Mary Frecker. Mary Irene Frecker is an American mechanical engineer whose research focuses on topology optimization of adaptive structures, compliant mechanisms, and self-folding origami mechanisms, with applications including the design of medical devices. She is a professor of mechanical and biomechanical engineering in the Penn State College of Engineering, Riess Chair of Engineering, head of the mechanical engineering department, and director of the Penn State Center for Biodevices.

Education and career
Frecker majored in mechanical engineering at the University of Dayton, graduating in 1991. She went to the University of Michigan for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1994 and completing her Ph.D. in 1997. Her dissertation was Optimal design of compliant mechanisms, supervised by Noboru Kikuchi and Sridhar Kota.

She joined the Pennsylvania State University in 1997 as an assistant professor and the Pearce Endowed Development Professor in Mechanical Engineering. In 2020, she was named to the Leighton Riess Chair in Engineering and became the director of the Penn State Center for Biodevices. She was named as head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, succeeding Karen Thole, in 2021.

Recognition
Frecker was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2009. In 2021, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers gave her their Adaptive Structures and Material Systems Award.

References

External links
Penn State Engineering Design and Optimization Group

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
University of Dayton alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Allen F. Jacobson. Allen F. Jacobson (1927-2012) was an American chemical engineer and researcher who was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and chief executive officer of 3M.

Life and career
Jacobson studied and graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at the Iowa State University in 1947.

In 1947, Jacobson joined 3M as a chemical engineer, working in 3M’s Scotch tape laboratory.

In 1984, Jacobson was named as the president of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Between 1986 and 1991, he was the chief executive officer of 3M. During his time with 3M, he increased the company income by growing in new fields such as magnetic media. 

In 1991, Jacobson was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Allen Jacobson chemical engineering lab at the Iowa State University is named after him.

References

1927 births
2012 deaths
3M people
Falcon (signature scheme). Falcon is a post-quantum signature scheme selected by the NIST at the fourth round of the post-quantum standardisation process. It was designed by Thomas Prest, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Jeffrey Hoffstein, Paul Kirchner, Vadim Lyubashevsky, Thomas Pornin, Thomas Ricosset, Gregor Seiler, William Whyte, and Zhenfei Zhang. It relies on the hash-and-sign technique over the Gentry, Peikert, and Vaikuntanathan framework over NTRU lattices. The name Falcon is an acronym for Fast Fourier lattice-based compact signatures over NTRU.

Properties 

The design rationale of Falcon takes advantage of multiple tools to ensure compactness and efficiency with provable security. To achieve this goal, the use of a NTRU lattice allows the size of the signatures and public-key to be relatively small, while fast Fourier sampling permits efficient signature computations.

From a security point of view, the Gentry, Peikert, and Vaikuntanathan framework enjoys a security reduction in the Quantum Random Oracle Model.

Implementations and Performances 

The authors of Falcon provide a reference implementation in C as required by the NIST and one in Python for simplicity.

The set of parameters suggested by Falcon imply a signature size of 666 bytes and a public key size of 897 bytes for the NIST security level 1 (security comparable to breaking AES-128 bits). The key generation can be performed in 8.64 ms with a throughput of approximately 6,000 signature per second and 28,000 verifications per second.

On the other hand, the NIST security level 5 (comparable to breaking AES-256) requires a signature size of 1,280 bytes and a public key size of 1793 bytes, a key generation under 28 ms, and a throughput of 2,900 signatures per second and 13,650 verifications per second.

See also 

 Post-quantum cryptography
 Lattice-based cryptography
 NTRU
 NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization

References 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 

Asymmetric-key algorithms
Digital signature schemes
Lattice-based cryptography
Optical material. Optical materials are transparent materials from which optical lenses, prisms, windows, waveguides, and second-surface mirrors can be made. They are required in most optical instruments.

Most optical materials are rigid solids, but flexible and elastic materials are used for special functions. Contained liquids can also be used as optical materials.

Known optical materials include amorphous materials and crystalline materials:
 Glass
 Plastics
 Polycarbonate
 Poly(methyl methacrylate)
 Sodium chloride
 Strontium fluoride
 Synthetic diamond
 Zinc sulfide

Optical materials useful with infrared light include:
 Silicon (1.2–7 μm)
 Zinc selenide

Non-linear optical materials or nonlinear media transform light in various ways in nonlinear optics.

Non-linear optical materials include:
 Barium borate

Some materials (optical and non-optical) can be made into first-surface mirrors, by silvering them or plating them with metal. Some metals can be highly polished, providing both support and the reflective surface of first-surface mirrors.

See also
 Optical coating

References

Material
Materials
Nathalie de Leon. Nathalie Pulmones de Leon (born 1982) is a Filipino-American chemist, physicist, and associate professor in the department of electrical and computer engineering at Princeton University. Her research focuses on building quantum technologies with solid state defects and the identification of novel materials systems for superconducting qubits. She was awarded the 2023 American Physical Society Rolf Landauer and Charles H. Bennett Award in Quantum Computing.

Early life and education 
Nathalie de Leon was born in Makati, the Philippines, in 1982 and raised in California. Her parents were also born in the Philippines. Her maternal grandfather was a commercial seaman who was stationed in San Francisco during the attack on Pearl Harbor, and was subsequently offered U.S. citizenship contingent on joining the United States Coast Guard. de Leon spent part of her childhood in the Philippines but completed high school in the United States. 

De Leon was an undergraduate student at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. She completed her undergraduate research in the laboratory of Richard Zare, where she worked on laser spectroscopy. She performed laser-based mass spectrometry on meteoritic samples to explore chemical reactions in space. de Leon moved to Harvard University for her doctoral research in chemical physics, where she joined the laboratory of Hongkun Park. 

Her research looked to achieve nanoscale confinement of electrons and photons. She developed a nanoscale plasmon resonator capable of tailoring specific light-matter interactions, and demonstrated it convert a broadband emitter to a narrow-band single-photon source. de Leon remained at Harvard University as a postdoctoral researcher, working with Mikhail Lukin.

Awards and honors 

 2016; Air Force Office for Scientific Research Young Investigator Award
 2017; Sloan Research Fellowship
 2018: National Science Foundation CAREER Award
 2018: Department of Energy Early Career Award
 2022: Rolf Landauer and Charles H. Bennett Award in Quantum Computing

Select publications

Personal life 
de Leon is married, and met her husband while she was completing her postdoc appointment at Harvard and he was finishing his PhD.

References

External links 

 Oral history interview transcript with Nathalie de Leon, 16 April 2021, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
 Website for the de Leon Group
 
 Video: Nathalie de Leon, "Engineering Coherent Defects in Diamond" | KNI Distinguished Seminar
 Video: Virtual AMO Seminar: Nathalie de Leon (Princeton)

1982 births
Living people
Filipino emigrants to the United States
Harvard University alumni
People from Makati
Stanford University alumni
American scientists of Asian descent
Eli M. Dannenberg. Eli Mercer Dannenberg (10 October 1917 - 22 April 1991) was a Cabot scientist known for contributions to surface chemistry of carbon black.

Education 

Dannenberg completed his education at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939.

Career 

A 1946 patent application for electrical insulation indicates that Dannenberg worked briefly for the Sprague Electric Company of North Adams Massachusetts.  He worked for Cabot in Boston as early as 1947 when he spoke at a meeting of the American Chemical Society on the topic of producing carbon black from coal. His earliest scientific work investigated the nature of the interface between carbon black and GR-S rubber via swelling measurements on vulcanized and unvulcanized carbon black filler rubber mixtures, concluding that "carbon black is associated with the rubber through van der Waals type adsorptive forces".  His work at Cabot resulted in a number of patents and highly cited scientific papers in the period from 1956 to 1980.  His most cited works concerned the surface chemistry of carbon black.

Dannenberg was the 1984 recipient of the Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award from the ACS Rubber Division.

Dannenberg retired to Longboat Key, Fla. but continued to consult in the carbon black and rubber industries.

References 

1991 deaths
Polymer scientists and engineers
20th-century American engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
1917 births
AN/SPG-62. The AN/SPG-62 is a continuous wave fire-control radar developed by the United States, and it is currently deployed on warships equipped with the Aegis Combat System. It provides terminal target illumination for the semi-active SM-2MR/ER and ESSM Block 1 surface-to-air missiles. It also provides illumination for the active SM-6 if it is used in semi-active mode. The antenna is mechanically steered, uses a parabolic reflector, and operates at 8 to 12 GHz (X Band). The system is a component of the Mk 99 fire-control system (FCS).

The first units were installed on the cruiser , which was commissioned in 1983. Since then, the SPG-62 has been placed in service with many U.S. and foreign navy ships that have the Aegis Combat System.

The SPG-62's role in Aegis fire control is to illuminate targets in the terminal interception phase. First, the ship's main search radars—either the AN/SPY-1 or the AN/SPY-6—detect and track the target. The Mk 99 FCS then launches surface-to-air missile(s) to intercept. If the interceptor missile uses semi-active radar homing (SM-2 or ESSM Block 1), it will need an external radar to illuminate its target for terminal guidance, which is where the SPG-62 comes into play. The Mk 99 FCS points an SPG-62 toward the target, and it shoots a narrow radar beam that reflects off the target. The interceptor missile's passive receiver homes in on these reflected emissions.

It uses a very narrow beam of radiofrequency (RF) radiation. This accomplishes four things:

 Provides very precise target tracking
 Gives the AN/SPG-62 a high radar resolution, which makes it more effective in determining if there is one contact or multiple contacts
 Enables the AN/SPG-62 to serve as a secondary, rudimentary search radar (in conjunction with the SPY-1 or SPY-6)
 Requires a relatively low level of energy to operate (10 kW peak power on average)
Because illumination is only needed for the last few seconds prior to interception, a ship can have more semi-active SAMs in the air than it has SPG-62s. In the event of a saturation attack, the Aegis Combat System can time-share each AN/SPG-62 to serve multiple semi-active interceptors in the air at once.

Users

References

See Also

List of radars
List of military electronics of the United States

Naval radars
Military electronics of the United States
Sea radars
Military radars of the United States