omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Locomotives of Bangladesh. In the rail transport system of Bangladesh, diesel locomotives are used by Bangladesh Railway (BR). Among diesel locos, there are diesel-electric and diesel-hydraulic locos. Besides diesel locos, steam locos were used in the past, but now they are no longer used. By gauge, there are narrow-gauge (762 mm), meter-gauge (1,000 mm) and broad-gauge (1,676 mm) locos in Bangladesh. Among them, as no narrow-gauge railroads are active, so the narrow-gauge locos are not used anymore.

In 2013, the government allocated  to import 20 units of diesel-electric multiple unit (DEMU) trains from China's CRRC Tangshan, intending to enhance short-distance train travel. However, these controversial trains quickly became inoperative due to inadequate maintenance stemming from insufficient facilities and expertise. While BR managed to repair one using local technologies, all 20 imported sets of DEMU trains have since been abandoned in various workshops due to waning interest among railway officials.

 
As of 2020, total 476 meter-gauge and broad-gauge diesel locos (including the old 11 class 3000 locos) have been imported in Bangladesh. Most of them are diesel-electric, but 80 locos are diesel-hydraulic. Among the 476 locos, 349 are meter-gauge and 127 are broad-gauge. All diesel-hydraulic locos were produced by Ganz-MÁVAG of Hungary. Various companies produced the diesel-electric locos, notable among them are Progress Rail, Hyundai Rotem, DLW, GMD, ALCO and MLW.

Diesel locomotives

Meter-gauge diesel locomotives

Broad-gauge diesel locomotives

List of preserved Diesel locomotives

Steam locomotives

A small number of steam locomotives are preserved in Bangladesh.
 

 
The  gauge locomotives are from the Rupsa-Bagerhat railway which was the only  gauge line in East Pakistan when colonial India was partitioned in 1947. It was re-gauged to  gauge in 1970.

References
Enrollment over Secure Transport. The Enrollment over Secure Transport, or EST is a cryptographic protocol that describes an X.509 certificate management protocol targeting public key infrastructure (PKI) clients that need to acquire client certificates and associated certificate authority (CA) certificates. EST is described in . EST has been put forward as a replacement for SCEP, being easier to implement on devices already having an HTTPS stack. EST uses HTTPS as transport and leverages TLS for many of its security attributes. EST has described standardized URLs and uses the well-known Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) definition codified in .

Operations 
EST has a following set of operations:

Usage example 
The basic functions of EST were designed to be easy to use and although not a REST API, it can be used in a REST-like manner using simple tools such as OpenSSL and cURL. A simple command to make initial enrollment with a pre-generated PKCS#10 Certificate Signing Request (stored as device.b64), using one of the authentication mechanisms (username:password) specified in EST is:

The issued certificate, returned as a Base64-encoded PKCS#7 message, is stored as device-p7.b64.

See also 
 Certificate Management Protocol (CMP)
 Certificate Management over CMS (CMC)
 Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP)
 Automated Certificate Management Environment (ACME)

References 

 , official specification

Implementations 

 The library libest is a client and server implementation of EST.
 Bouncy Castle API offers EST API library for Java.
 DigiCert IoT Trust Manager is a server implementation of EST.
 EJBCA, a CA software, implements a subset of the EST functions.
 Evertrust Horizon implements .
 Entrust CA PKIs support EST functions
 Sectigo Certificate Manager implements .
 The strongSwan pki --est tool is a client implementation of EST.

Public key infrastructure
Cryptographic protocols
Computer security
Internet Standards
Compañía Primitiva de Gas de Buenos Aires Ltda.. Compañía Primitiva de Gas de Buenos Aires Ltda. was a gas and electricity company of British origin, who operated in the city of Buenos Aires between 1854 and 1945.

History 

The company was founded in 1854 in Buenos Aires, and its plant was located in the area of Retiro, in the current Tower Monumental. The company was dedicated in its origins in provide the public lighting of the city. In 1895 the company began to carry out the works to supply electrical energy to the city of Buenos Aires. In 1897, the Board of the Primitiva acquired the Sociedad de Luz Eléctrica Edison, the main electrical plant of the city.

The Primitiva was dedicated to the Electric Lighting of Buenos Aires until 1920. year in which it lost the concession.

The Compañía Primitiva de Gas de Buenos Aires Ltda registered its name in 1901, and changed its original name in 1910 as Primitiva Gas and Electric Lighting Company of Buenos Aires. In 1901 the company's capital was £1,200,000 sterling.

In 1944 the national government decreed the nationalization of Compañía Primitiva de Gas. The company ceased its functions on March 5, 1945, taking charge of the management of the expropriated company Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales.

The Primitiva Gas Company of Buenos Aires came to provide gas to a total of 240,000 users until its nationalization in 1944, distributing gas to the areas of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Bahia Blanca and Rosario. The company also counted on a fleet of trucks and motorcycles to provide care to its users.

References

External links 
Historias de Gas en Argentina

Oil and gas companies of Argentina
Companies based in Buenos Aires
Río de la Plata
Automaton Rover for Extreme Environments. Automaton Rover for Extreme Environments (AREE) is a NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts project to design a rover that can operate in the environment of Venus, controlled by a wind-powered mechanical computer. Venus' atmosphere is about 90 times denser than Earth's and the surface temperature is at least , conditions which would prevent a standard electronic computer from operating for any significant period of time. While AREE is being designed for operation on Venus, the rover's design could be re-purposed for use on Mercury, which has a comparably high surface temperature, on Jovian moons Europa or Io, where high radiation makes use of traditional electronics difficult, or on lava flows or highly radioactive areas on Earth.

The project was first proposed in 2015, and funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts program with a phase-I study in 2016, and a phase-II study from 2017-2018.

Rover design
Though the JPL team initially planned to design an entirely mechanical rover, this was soon deemed to be impractical compared to a hybrid mechanical-electric design. 

AREE's unique feature is the use of mechanical analog computers instead of electronic digital computers (as used in other robotic spacecraft), which cannot tolerate the high temperatures of Venus. Instead of using a single general-purpose mechanical computer, like Babbage's Analytical Engine, the rover would rely on a suite of simpler, single-purpose devices distributed throughout the vehicle, analogous to World War II shipboard fire control computers. The rover would also use purely mechanical sensors for some of its instrumentation: temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure, seismic activity, and even chemical composition of samples can be measured mechanically.

AREE is to be powered primarily by a Savonius wind turbine. The turbine would directly drive the wheels and also store energy in a composite spring. The rover would also carry high-temperature solar panels as a backup and for powering the electric scientific instruments. 

The most challenging aspect of AREE's design is its communication with Earth. Multiple communication options are being explored, including a high temperature transponder, radar retroreflectors, and inscribing data on phonograph-style records that are then delivered to a high-altitude drone via hydrogen balloon.

Target
AREE's proposed target is near Sekmet Mons. This target was chosen because it is outside the parabolas of impact debris from any of Venus' impact craters, thus allowing the rover to directly study Venus' volcanic geology. AREE would travel northwest from its landing zone, crossing (and sampling) several lava flows. The proposed landing site is also located near a Tessera region, raising the possibility that the rover's mission could end with it exploring the Tessera.

References 

Venus
Missions to Venus
Proposed space probes
NASA programs
Macau Refuse Incineration Plant. The Macau Refuse Incineration Plant (MRIP; ; ) is an incinerator in Taipa, Macau, China.

History
The plant was commissioned in 1992. In 2009, the waste processing capacity of the plant was doubled.

Architecture
The plant spans over an area of 4.5 hectares.

Technical details
The plant has a waste processing facility of 1,728 tons per day being done by its six incinerators, with the current capacity of 1,400 tons/day.

See also
 Air pollution in Macau

References

1992 establishments in Macau
Buildings and structures in Macau
Environment of Macau
Incinerators
Taipa
Lenkurt Electric Company. Lenkurt Electric Company was an American microwave and telecommunications company. It was established in California and grew to a sizable company by 1955. It was later acquired by General Telephone and Electronics Company.

History 
The roots of Lenkurt Electric Company can be traced as early as 1935 when its predecessor started the development and manufacture of electronic equipment. The company adopted its name in 1933 and was taken from its founders Lennart Erickson and Kurt Appert. By this time, it focused on the development and manufacture of carrier current communications equipment. In the first year they were based in San Francisco with 10 employees, but this grew to around 75 by 1947 when they moved to San Carlos, California. The company published a monthly monograph for customers titled Lenkurt Demodulator that served as both educational and promotional material. 

In 1959 the company merged with General Telephone and Electronics Company.

Kurt Appert collaborated with Arthur Norberg in an oral history project. He published Electrical Engineering and the Lenkurt Electric Company: Oral History Transcript in 1974. Appert provided his own biographical information.
 Kurt E. Appert: Electrical Engineering and the Lenkurt Electric Company
 Electrical Engineering and the Lenkurt Electric Company: Oral History Transcript 1974

Unbuilt factory
In 1955 they engaged Frank Lloyd Wright, assisted by Aaron Green to build them new premises in San Carlos. However, the building was never built as Lenkurt were bought out by GTE.

References

American companies established in 1944
1944 establishments in California
Telecommunications companies established in 1944
Manufacturing companies established in 1944
Neutron embrittlement. Neutron embrittlement, sometimes more broadly radiation embrittlement, is the embrittlement of various materials due to the action of neutrons. This is primarily seen in nuclear reactors, where the release of high-energy neutrons causes the long-term degradation of the reactor materials. The embrittlement is caused by the microscopic movement of atoms that are hit by the neutrons; this same action also gives rise to neutron-induced swelling causing materials to grow in size, and the Wigner effect causing energy buildup in certain materials that can lead to sudden releases of energy.

Neutron embrittlement mechanisms include:
 Hardening and dislocation pinning due to nanometer features created by irradiation
 Generation of lattice defects in collision cascades via the high-energy recoil atoms produced in the process of neutron scattering.
 Diffusion of major defects, which leads to higher amounts of solute diffusion, as well as formation of nanoscale defect-solute cluster complexes, solute clusters, and distinct phases.

Embrittlement in Nuclear Reactors 
Neutron irradiation embrittlement limits the service life of reactor-pressure vessels (RPV) in nuclear power plants due to the degradation of reactor materials. In order to perform at high efficiency and safely contain coolant water at temperatures around 290°C and pressures of ~7 MPa (for boiling water reactors) to 14 MPa (for pressurized water reactors), the RPV must be heavy-section steel. Due to regulations, RPV failure probabilities must be very low. To achieve sufficient safety, the design of the reactor assumes large cracks and extreme loading conditions. Under such conditions, a probable failure mode is rapid, catastrophic fracture if the vessel steel is brittle. Tough RPV base metals that are typically used are A302B, A533B plates, or A508 forgings; these are quenched and tempered, low-alloy steels with primarily tempered bainitic microstructures. Over the past few decades, RPV embrittlement has been addressed by the use of tougher steels with lower trace impurity contents, the decrease of neutron flux that the vessel is subject to, and the elimination of beltline welds. However, embrittlement remains an issue for older reactors.

Pressurized water reactors are more susceptible to embrittlement than boiling water reactors. This is due to PWRs sustaining more neutron impacts. To counteract this, many PWRs have a specific core design that reduces the number of neutrons hitting the vessel wall. Moreover, PWR designs must be especially mindful of embrittlement because of pressurized thermal shock, an accident scenario that occurs when cold water enters a pressurized reactor vessel, introducing large thermal stress. This thermal stress may cause fracture if the reactor vessel is sufficiently brittle.

See also 
Radiation damage

References
 
 

Specific

Materials degradation
embrittlement
Scientific terminology
Node-locked licensing. Node-locked licensing is a software licensing approach in which a license for a software application is assigned to one or more hardware devices (specific nodes, such as a computer, mobile devices, or IoT device). Typically any numbers of instances are allowed to execute for such license.

This form of licensing is used by software publishers to ensure the license is only run on particular hardware devices.

Every node is identified by a unique hardware ID (device fingerprint) which needs to be obtained or entered during the pairing process (usually product setup or first license validation).

This licensing model is also known as:
 Single Use License
 Device License
 Machine Based License
 Named Host License

See also
Software metering
License manager
License borrowing
Floating licensing

References 

Software licensing
Phase shift torque measurement. Phase shift torque measurement involves the use of a shaft, which is either an integral part of the rotating machine under test - such as a turbine, compressor, or jet engine - or positioned between the machine and a dynamometer. The shaft has a pair of identical toothed disks attached at each end and often has a slender portion to enhance its angle of twist. The twist of the shaft can be determined from the phase difference of the magnetically or optically detected wave pattern from each of the disks. Under no-load the waves are synchronised and as a load is applied to the shaft their phase difference increases. The shaft's angle of twist is determined from the measured phase difference. Since the twist of a shaft is linearly proportional to the applied torque within the elastic limit (up to its yield strength), the torque can be calculated using established formulas of torsion mechanics. Phase shift torque meters can measure shaft power to 0.1% accuracy in R & D applications, and to 1.0% when designed for permanent installation, both at confidence levels of 95%.

As of 1991, phase shift torque measurement instrumentation had been installed on gas turbine systems with a total power of 2 GW, with over 2 million operational hours recorded, demonstrating good reliability. These systems operated at speeds of up to 90,000 rpm and achieved power outputs of up to 50 MW.

References 

Torque
Measurement
Dynamometers
Mechanical engineering
Sri Lanka School of Military Engineering. Sri Lanka School of Military Engineering is located at Embilipitiya, Sri Lanka. Established as the Ceylon School of Military Engineering in 1958 by the Ceylon Army it provides a wide range of training for the Sri Lanka Engineers including combat engineering, bomb disposal and heavy plant operations.

Training
Field engineer courses I, II, III 
Bomb disposal course
Heavy plant operators course I, II, III
Assault pioneer course
Watermanship course
Recruit course
Humanitarian demining training programme
L/cpl to cpl promotion course
Introduction to explosive course for navy
Basic and Advanced CBRN Course to army and navy

References

External links 
HQ SSME website

Sri Lanka Engineers
Training establishments of the Sri Lanka Army
1958 establishments in Ceylon
Engineering universities and colleges in Sri Lanka
Admiralty Signals and Radar Establishment. The Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment (ASRE) originally known as the Experimental Department and later known as the Admiralty Signal Establishment (ASE) was a research organisation of the British Royal Navy established in 1917. It existed until 1959 when it was merged with the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE). Its headquarters were located in Haslemere, Surrey, England.

History
The Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment began as the Admiralty Experimental Department that was set up in 1917 at HM Signal School, Portsmouth, to coordinate research work undertaken since 1896 on the Torpedo School ships HMS Defiance and HMS Vernon.

Concern had already arisen in 1940 as regards the vulnerability of the Signal School to Luftwaffe bombing, but a raid in the autumn of 1940 brought matters to a head, and the move was initiated. In April 1941 the Experimental Department was renamed the Admiralty Signal Establishment (ASE) which, like its predecessors, was primarily focused on communications. Premises were found in Lythe Hill House, Haslemere, and in August 1941, the ASE became a separate establishment. Basil Willett was the Captain Superintendent. In July 1943 a delegation came from the USA to discuss radar and communications. The discussions included Henry Tizard, Cecil Horton, Cedric Holland and George Thomson. However, technological advances during the Second World War necessitated an increase in related fields of research, and in 1948 these were brought under one body, the Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment at Portsmouth. In 1959 it was merged with the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE) to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE).

Timeline
 Admiralty Experimental Department, (1917–1941)
 Admiralty Signal Establishment, (1941–1948)
 Admiralty Signal and Radar Establishment, Portsmouth (1948–1959)
 Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE), Portsdown, Portsmouth (1959–1984)

References

External links

Admiralty departments
Admiralty during World War I
Admiralty during World War II
Royal Navy shore establishments
1917 establishments in the United Kingdom
1959 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Caterpillar 3126. The Caterpillar 3126 is a turbocharged 7.2L inline 6-cylinder diesel engine manufactured by Caterpillar and first introduced in 1995; it was the first electronic mid-range diesel engine that Caterpillar produced.  It is the successor to the Caterpillar 3116 engine and was updated to become the Caterpillar C7 engine in 2003.  It is a medium-duty engine and has been used in dump trucks, long haul trucks, ambulances, buses, RVs, boats, cranes, fire trucks, and more. In 1998, Caterpillar released an improved version, the 3126B. In 2002, the 3126E was released, though these improved versions only affected engine electronics, not the actual engine design. Caterpillar launched a three-tier system of overhaul kits for the 3126 and its C7 successor in 2011.

It was rated for multiple power and torque applications from 170HP to 420HP and 420LB-FT(569NM) to 860LB-FT(1166NM).

References

Diesel engines
Caterpillar Inc.
Straight-six engines
Internal combustion piston engines
Products introduced in 1995
CAF Utah Wing Museum. CAF Utah Wing Museum is one of many local detachments of the national Commemorative Air Force (CAF) non-profit aviation association dedicated to Honoring American Military Aviation through Flight, Exhibit and Remembrance.

The Museum is located at Russ McDonald Field, Heber City Municipal Airport, Utah, and contains artifacts and exhibits from World War II, Korean, and Vietnam wars. In addition they operate a N2S Stearman aircraft and a T-6 Advanced Trainer aircraft - part of the CAF's fleet of over 170 vintage warbirds.  Exhibits and displays preserve stories of local characters that participated in aviation. 
The Museum is closed, except by special arrangement, from October 31 to May 1 each year.

Flying aircraft on display

N2S/PT-17 Stearman History
N1387V (s/n 75-8291), an N2S-5 Boeing-Stearman Model 75, was manufactured in 1943 at the Boeing plant in Wichita, Kansas. It was purchased by the U.S. Government to be operated as a trainer by the Navy at Corpus Christi, Texas.  After World War II it was sold as surplus and was modified with a larger 450 hp engine for use in crop dusting. It was sold again in the early 1980s and flown as a sport and recreational aircraft. While en route to California the aircraft crashed in the Oquirrh Mountains.  The Commemorative Air Force purchased the salvage rights.  After significant restoration work at Twin Falls, Idaho, N1387V flew again August 17, 1988. Since then it has been part of the Utah Wing and appears at local airshows and provides rides to the public.

In December, 2015 N1387V underwent a wing restoration with old fabric removed, minor repairs performed, and completed new fabric and paint. N1387V flew during the 2016 season.  Starting in 2017 an extensive restoration of the engine, fuselage and empennage was initiated and as of May 2024 that work is still underway.

SNJ/T-6 Texan
A Texan trainer is on display in the museum hangar. The Texan was the advanced training aircraft used for formation, gunnery and tactics training in WW II.

Character exhibits

 Russ McDonald: Founder of the Heber City, Utah airport.
 Ike Isaacs: B-17 bomber pilot, 34th Bomb Group, 391st Squadron.
 Jackson Wells: B-17 bomber pilot, 8th air force, 306th Bomb Group, 367th Squadron flying missions over Germany.
 Emmett "Cyclone" Davis: Fighter pilot stationed at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack; later commander of the 35th Fighter Squadron in the Pacific.
 Burnis Watts: Waco CG-4 glider pilot that participated in the Invasion of Normandy, Holland Invasion and the Crossing of the Rhine.
 Raymond Brim: B-17 bomber pilot and Pathfinder pioneer, 8th air force, 92nd Bomb Group,  flying missions over France and Germany.

See also
 List of aerospace museums

References

External links

Aerospace museums in Utah
Heber City, Utah
Military and war museums in Utah
OP2. OP2, Op-2 or Op. 2 may refer to :
 Op. 2, a designation that stands for Opus number 2 in music,
 OP-2, the second model of the Pitcairn OP, the first rotary-wing aircraft
 DARwIn-OP#ROBOTIS_OP2, a robot project
 OP2, a candidate phylum of bacteria