omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pemberton-Billing P.B.9. The Pemberton-Billing P.B.9 was a First World War British single-seat open cockpit equal span biplane scout aircraft  built by Pemberton-Billing Limited, which later became the Supermarine Aviation Works. Only one P.B.9 was built.

Design and development 
The wings had full span spars with the upper and lower wings connected by four pairs of interplane struts. The fuselage had a fixed landing gear with a tail skid. 
While designed to allow the use of a Gnome 80 hp engine the prototype P.B.9 was powered by a 50 hp (36 kW) Gnome rotary engine taken from the company's prototype P.B.1.
 
Using a set of wings that had been obtained from Radley-England (James Radley and Gordon England) it was designed, built and made its first flight within nine days, though for publicity reasons its designer Noel Pemberton Billing claimed it had taken a week (giving rise to the nickname "Seven Day Bus"). It was first flown in August 1914. 

Although the aircraft performed well only the prototype was built which was later used by the Royal Naval Air Service as a trainer.

Operators 

 Royal Naval Air Service

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Positive material identification. Positive material identification (PMI) is the analysis of a material, this can be any material but is generally used for the analysis of metallic alloy to establish composition by reading the quantities by percentage of its constituent elements.  Typical methods for PMI include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and optical emission spectrometry (OES). 

PMI is a portable method of analysis and can be used in the field on components. 

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) PMI can not detect small elements such as carbon. This means that when undertaking analysis of stainless steels such as grades 304 and 316 the low carbon 'L' variant can not be determined. This however can be analysed with optical emission spectrometry (OES)

References

Elemental analysis
Chemical tests
Quality control
Actian NoSQL Object Database. Actian NoSQL Database (formerly known as Versant Object Database or VOD) is an object database software product initially developed by Versant Corporation and currently owned by Actian.

The Actian NoSQL Database enables developers using object oriented languages to transactionally store their information by allowing the respective language to act as the Data Definition Language (DDL) for the database. In other words, the memory model is the database schema model.

In general, persistence in Actian NoSQL is implemented by declaring a list of classes, then providing a transaction demarcation application programming interface to use cases. Respective language integrations adhere to the constructs of that language, including syntactic and directive sugars.

Additional APIs exist, beyond simple transaction demarcation, providing for the more advanced capabilities necessary to address practical issues found when dealing with performance optimization and scalability for systems with large amounts of data, many concurrent users, network latency, disk bottlenecks, etc.

References 

Object-oriented database management systems
List of lunar probes. This is a list of robotic space probes that have flown by, impacted, orbited or landed on the Moon for the purpose of lunar exploration, as well as probes launched toward the Moon that failed to reach their target.  

The crewed Apollo missions are listed at List of missions to the Moon.

Major programs encompassing several probes include:
 Luna program — USSR Lunar exploration (1959–1976)
 Ranger program — US Lunar hard-landing probes (1961–1965)
 Zond program — USSR Lunar exploration (1964–1970)
 Surveyor program — US Lunar soft-landing probe (1966–1968)
 Lunar Orbiter program — US Lunar orbital (1966–1967)
 Lunokhod program — USSR Lunar Rover probes (1970–1973)
  Chang'e program - China Lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecrafts (2004-present)
 Chandrayaan programme - Indian Lunar Exploration Programme incorporates Lunar orbiters, impactor, soft landers and rover spacecrafts (2008-present)

Key
Colour key:
{|
|-
| – Mission or flyby completed successfully (or partially successfully)
|   
| – Failed or cancelled mission
|-
| – Mission en route or in progress (including mission extensions)
|
| – Planned mission
|
|}

† means "tentatively identified", as classified by NASA . These are Cold War-era Soviet missions, mostly failures, about which few or no details have been officially released. The information given may be speculative.
Date is the date of:
 closest encounter (flybys)
 impact (impactors)
 orbital insertion to end of mission, whether planned or premature (orbiters)
 landing to end of mission, whether planned or premature (landers)
 launch (missions that never got underway due to failure at or soon after launch)
 In cases which do not fit any of the above, the event to which the date refers is stated. Note that as a result of this scheme missions are not always listed in order of launch.
 In the case of flybys (such as gravity assists) that are incidental to the main mission, "success" indicates the successful completion of the flyby, not necessarily that of the main mission.

Lunar probes by date

1958–1960

1962–1965

1966–1967

1968–1970

1971–1976

1983–1998

2001–2009

2010–2019

2020–present

Future

See also

Lists of spacecraft
List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
List of missions to the Moon
List of Solar System probes
Robotic spacecraft
Timeline of Solar System exploration

Notes

Exploration of the Moon
Lunar probes
Active reviews for intermediate designs. In software engineering, active reviews for intermediate designs (ARID) is a method to evaluate software architectures, especially on an intermediate level, i.e. for non-finished architectures. It combines aspects from scenario-based design review techniques, such as the architecture tradeoff analysis method (ATAM) and the software architecture analysis method (SAAM), as well as active design reviews (ADR).

See also 
Architectural analytics

References

External links
 Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs

Software architecture
Enterprise architecture
Stolp Starduster Too. The Stolp Starduster Too SA300 is a two-seat, conventional landing gear equipped, homebuilt biplane. Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co currently holds rights to sell plans for the aircraft.

Design and development
The Starduster Too was developed to be an economical two-seat sport biplane. The airplane is designed to plus 6 or minus 6 G loading. It was not intended for use in aerobatic competition, but it can perform basic aerobatics.

The fuselage is made of 4130 steel tubing with fabric covering. The spars are made of spruce wood with plywood wooden wing ribs. The base engine is a Lycoming O-360  engine, but alternative examples  have been built using the Lycoming IO-540, Ranger, Ford V-8 and V-6, Continental, Jacobs, and even Pratt & Whitney R-985 engines.

Operational history
The Starduster Too is a popular biplane homebuilt design. There are several with over 2500 hours of flight time, and one with over 5000 hours.

Variants
The Stolp Acroduster, and Stolp Acroduster Too, were the follow on models to the Starduster. They were scaled down 10 percent, and stressed to 9g. The first example was registered as a Schrack-Stolp Super Starduster Too.

One example of a Starduster Too was modified with retractable gear and a sliding canopy. The aircraft named "Samsong" was able to cruise at 150 mph, and had an 830-mile range with 45 gallons of fuel using modified gear legs from a Cessna 140

Specifications Starduster Too

See also

References

Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67. London:Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1966.
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data, 1988. .

External links

Photo of Starduster too
Airventure museum

Homebuilt aircraft
Biplanes
Aerobatic aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Starduster Too
1960s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Ellington Electronics Technology Group. Ellington Electronics Technology Group  依頓電子科技股份有限公司 (simply known as Ellington PCB or Eton) is one of the leading printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers in China. It is a Hong Kong–based company which is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on 1 July 2014. In Year 2018, the company was ranked Top 10 in China and 41st in the world by revenue.

History 

Ellington was founded in March 2000, principally engaged in the manufacture and sale of high precision and density 2/L to 20/L printed circuit board. With in-house surface finishing of Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP), Lead-Free Hot Air Solder Leveling (HASL), Immersion Gold / Silver / Tin. It manufactures for over 400 customers worldwide. Ellington's world ranking jumped from 88th in 2005 to 41st in 2018.

Operations 

The company's headquarter and production facilities are located in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China. The 4 storey manufacturing plant has a total area of 2,600,000 ft2. Ellington focusing on production quality management and control, with the mission of " Quality Is Life ", the company is ISO/TS16949, ISO 9002, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified. After the completion of its 3rd stage capacity expansion, the company currently generates an output of 4,200,000 ft2 (390,600 m2) per month and currently employs more than 6,500 people.

Ellington also has a logistic facility and administration office located in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong.

The company produces multilayered rigid PCBs that are used in various electronic equipment worldwide including consumer electronics, telecommunication, computer and Computer Peripherals, automotive industry, automation, power supply and electronic test equipment.

Future 

Ellington has completed the 4th Stage of capacity expansion, generating a further 500,000 ft2 capacity for Automotive Industry only in an isolated production plant. A total production output of 7,000,000 ft2 multilayer PCB will be generated by the 5th Stage of capacity expansion plan after listing on Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Major Customer Base 

Apple, Bose Corporation, Continental AG, Delphi Technologies, Flextronics, Huawei, Jabil Circuit, Lite-On, Preh, Robert Bosch GmbH, Wistron Corporation, Valeo and 200+ others.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 2000
Electronics companies of Hong Kong
GWR 2602 Class. The 2602 Class was a series of steam locomotives designed by William Dean and built at the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway. 

The GWR 2602 Class was designed to be a versatile and powerful locomotive, suitable for both passenger and freight services.

Design
They had outside frames for the six-coupled driving wheels but inside frames for the leading wheels. Initially, a distinctive visual feature was a large saddle-shaped sandbox over the first ring of the boiler. The class had two prototypes: No. 2601, which was a 4-6-0, while No. 2602 was a 2-6-0. These were built in 1899, and Nos. 2603-2610 followed later up to 1903, all 2-6-0. Though Dean was officially still in charge, Churchward's influence is evident in the rugged design. Their perhaps ironic nickname was after Paul Kruger, the Boer War leader defeated by Lord Roberts in 1900.

Problems
The somewhat experimental class was not successful; the boiler's high pressure and  long combustion chamber gave trouble and the long  stroke of the inside cylinders led to fractures of the solid crank axles. The class was thus short-lived, and most were withdrawn around 1906. Several of the boilers were converted for stationary use in Swindon Works at reduced pressure and remained in service there until the 1950s.

Aberdare class
Their numbers were adopted in 1907 by some of the last batch of the popular and reliable Aberdare Class 2-6-0s, which may also have re-used some of the "Kruger"s' parts.

References

Sources

External links
 Drawing of Kruger Class

2602
2-6-0 locomotives
4-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1899
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Dale Street Warehouse. Dale Street Warehouse is an early 19th-century warehouse in the Piccadilly Basin area of Manchester city centre, England. It is a Grade II* listed building as of 10 November 1972. It is the earliest surviving canal warehouse in the city. The building is dated 1806 with the initials "WC" on the datestone, indicating that it was designed by William Crosley, an engineer who worked with William Jessop on the inner-Manchester canal system.

Constructed of watershot millstone grit blocks, the four-storey building has timber floors, supported throughout by cast-iron columns, a feature which now makes it unique amongst Manchester warehouses. The base of the building incorporates four boatholes, which allowed boats to unload their cargoes inside of the warehouse. The warehouse also incorporates a "subterranean wheel-pit containing a 16-foot water-wheel used to drive hoists both in this building and in a former warehouse to the south via a line-shaft tunnel which mostly survives beneath the car-park".

For many years, the building was a shop and was described in 2000 as "sadly neglected"; the warehouse has now been converted to office space and a café and renamed Carver's Warehouse.

See also

Listed buildings in Manchester-M1
Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester

Notes

References 
 Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hartwell, Clare & Hyde, Matthew, The Buildings of England: Lancashire - Manchester and the South East (2004) Yale University Press
 Hartwell, Claire Pevsner Architectural Guides: Manchester (2001) Yale University Press

Commercial buildings in Manchester
Warehouses in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Manchester
Grade II* listed commercial buildings
Grade II* listed industrial buildings
Gradient multilayer nanofilm. Gradient multilayer (GML) nanofilm is an assembly of quantum dot layers with a built-in gradient of nanoparticle size, composition or density.

Properties of such nanostructure are finding its applications in design of solar cells and energy storage devices.

The GML nanostructure can be embedded in the organic material (polymer), or can include quantum dots made of two or more types of material. 

Photovoltaic applications

The GML nanofilm only 100 nanometers thick can absorb the entire Sun spectrum (0.3–2.0+ eV). At the same time, gradient of the quantum dots size can create a gradient of the electrochemical potential, acting as an equivalent of built-in electric field inside a nanofilm. This enhances transport of electrons and holes, and improves internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and photocurrent.

Manufacturing

The industrial manufacturing of GML nanofilms represents a challenge. Traditional methods of building nanostructured materials (like spin coating) can't form GML nanostructures, while more effective methods like Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) or Langmuir-Blodget "microchemical" method. are expensive.

See also

References

External links 
 Gradient Multi-Layer Nano-films for Photovoltaic and other applications
 

Nanomaterials
Ghost plane. A ghost plane (a term sometimes used interchangeably with ghost flight) may refer to:
 Rendition aircraft, an aircraft used by national governments to move prisoners internationally
 Ghost flight (commercial aviation), an empty or near-empty flight carried out to preserve a landing slot
 Regarding an aviation accident, a "ghost plane" or "ghost flight" occurs when the plane, already in the air, suffers some type of accident that has incapacitated the crew and passengers but continues to fly until it runs out of fuel and crashes
 A Cessna 441 which crashed in 1980 carrying Bo Rein
 1999 South Dakota Learjet crash, of golfer Payne Stewart's Learjet
 2000 Australia Beechcraft King Air crash, Queensland
 Helios Airways Flight 522, 2005
 A Cessna 421C Golden Eagle III which crashed into the Gulf of Mexico in 2012
 Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, a passenger flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing that disappeared in the Indian Ocean on 8 March 2014.
 2022 Baltic Sea Cessna crash, a Cessna 551 which crashed into the Baltic Sea near Ventspils in 2022
 2023 Virginia plane crash, a Cessna Citation which crashed near Montebello, Virginia on June 4, 2023
 "Ghost Plane", an episode of Canadian TV series Mayday about Helios Airways Flight 522; see List of Mayday episodes
 Ghost flyers, mysterious aircraft, which occurred in the 1930s in Scandinavia ,
Orville A. Wheelon. Orville Albert Wheelon (June 12, 1906 – February 9, 1966) was an aeronautical engineer who invented the Verson-Wheelon process for aircraft sheet-metal forming and who was one of the first to use titanium in modern aircraft construction. The latter work earned him the Wright Brothers Medal in 1951.

References 

American aerospace engineers
1966 deaths
1906 births
20th-century American engineers
Highly accelerated stress test. The highly accelerated stress test (HAST) method was first proposed by Jeffrey E. Gunn, Sushil K. Malik, and Purabi M. Mazumdar of IBM.

The acceleration factor for elevated humidity is empirically derived to be

 is a value which normally goes from 0.1 to 0.15

where RHs is the stressed humidity, RHo is the operating-environment humidity, and n is an empirically derived constant (usually 1 < n < 5).

The acceleration factor for elevated temperature is derived to be

where Ea is the activation energy for the temperature-induced failure (most often 0.7 eV for electronics), k is the Boltzmann constant, To is the operating temperature in kelvins, and Ts is the stressed temperature.

Therefore the total acceleration factor for unbiased HAST testing is

References

Reliability engineering
Cape Cod System. The Cape Cod System was a computer system designed to simulate an air defense system covering southern New England. It was named after Cape Cod, the location of many of the radars.

History
The Cape Cod System was designed to demonstrate a computerized air defense system, covering southern New England. Signals from three long range (AN/FPS-3) radars, eleven gap-filler radars, and three height-finding radars were converted from analog to digital format and transmitted over telephone lines to the Whirlwind I computer in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first tests of the Cape Cod System, beginning in September 1953, used only simulated data, but later tests used U.S. Air Force B-47 Stratojet bombers, as stand-ins for Soviet bombers, and real interceptors scrambled from four Air Force bases.

The Cape Cod System verified that the new core-based machine was fast enough for use in SAGE, and an industrial effort was started in order to mass-produce the AN/FSQ-7 computers for this role. RCA was a front-runner, but IBM was eventually selected instead. They started production in 1957, along with a massive construction project to erect the buildings, power and communications network needed to feed the SAGE systems with data.

References

External links
The SAGE Air Defense System
Building information

North American Aerospace Defense Command
Cape Cod and the Islands
École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs du Mans. The École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs du Mans () or ENSIM is a French Engineering school in Le Mans, and a member of the Conference of the Directors of French Engineering Schools (CDEFI).

The major fields of study at the ENSIM are vibration, acoustics, sensors and computing.

Studies

Progression
The first three semesters provide students basic instruction in elements specific to engineering, enabling them to acquire core scientific skills, as well as starting to prepare them for their subsequent specialisation. Engineering students encounter the world of work during a four- to ten-week placement as a worker or technician.

The following two semesters provide students with the specific technical knowledge for their chosen specialisation. Students also perfect skills specific to engineering (management, quality, managing innovation, company culture, projects). During this part of their studies students may go on an industrial placement or study abroad.

The last stage of study is a final six-month industrial placement enabling engineering students to familiarise themselves with the demands of their profession.

Specialisations
 Vibrations, acoustics, sensors
Vibrations, acoustics (VA)
Microsystems and optical metrology (MCMO)
Computer science
Real-time and embedded systems architecture (ASTRE)
Person-system interaction (IPS)

List of former directors at  ENSIM

Notes and references

External links 
• Official website
• Presentation

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Schools of informatics
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in France
University of Cantabria School of Civil Engineering. The University of Cantabria School of Civil Engineering is an engineering school of the University of Cantabria.

The school ranks 5th in Spain in the civil engineering schools' ranking by El Mundo just behind the schools of the Technical University of Madrid, the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the University of Castile-La Mancha.

It is the second oldest civil engineering school in Spain, behind the school of the Technical University of Madrid.

History 
The School was established on December 12, 1963, as a school of the University of Valladolid, starting classes in 1966. It was the second civil engineering school at the time, when there was only one in Madrid since 1802.

During the first years, the school had to use some facilities from the Menéndez Pelayo International University until new buildings were constructed.

In 1972, the school became one of the constituent members of the new University of Santander, later University of Cantabria.

Programs 
The school offers Bachelor's, Master's and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering.

Students exchange programs 
The school has exchange programs with over 30 universities around the world, but the two most successful ones are the programs with the École nationale des ponts et chaussées in France and the Cornell University College of Engineering, in the United States.

References

External links 
Official website

Engineering universities and colleges in Spain
Educational institutions established in 1963
University of Cantabria
1963 establishments in Spain
Macro BIM. Macro BIM (Building Information Model) is a building information model, assembled of higher level building elements, used for macro level analysis including visualization, spatial validation, cost modeling/estimating, phasing/sequencing, energy performance, and risk.
 
Macro models are intended to be built quickly, facilitating rapid analysis of multiple concepts or ideas prior to launching into a more detailed in depth study of a preferred concept using "Micro BIM" applications.
 
Macro BIM authoring applications often utilize parametric variables and properties as well as inferencing capabilities to quickly build enough relevant data to facilitate analysis.

References

Building technology
Viberti Musca 1. 

The Viberti Musca 1 is a 1940s Italian two-seat civil touring monoplane produced by Ali Verberti SpA of Turin.

The Musca 1 was a cantilever low-wing monoplane powered by an  Continental C85 flat-four piston engine. Named for the chief designer Franco Muscariello it had an enclosed side-by-side seating and a fixed conventional landing gear. The Musca 1 started production in 1948 and in 1951 the Musca 1bis was introduced with structural improvements. The company had two further variants planned but the company was dissolved around 1951. Muscareillo continued development of the Musca 1, however, flying a modified version, the Musca 1 Ter powered by a Walter Micron on 15 September 1952.

Variants
Musca 1
Initial production variant.
Musca 1bis
Structural improvements.
Musca 1 Ter
Modified undercarriage and  Walter Micron III engine.
Musca 2
Three-seat cabin monoplane, not built.
Musca 4
A high-wing development of the Musca 1, not built.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1940s Italian civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948