omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FLACS. FLACS (FLame ACceleration Simulator) is a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software used extensively for explosion modeling and atmospheric dispersion modeling within the field of industrial safety and risk assessment. Main application areas of FLACS are in petrochemical, process manufacturing, food processing, wood processing, metallurgical, and nuclear safety industries.

FLACS has dedicated modules to simulate gas explosion, dust explosion and explosions involving chemical explosives like TNT. FLACS is also extensively used to simulate flammable and toxic gas dispersion. It was applied in the investigation of many high profile accidents such as Buncefield fire, Piper Alpha, TWA Flight 800, and the Petrobras 36 platform.

History
FLACS software development started in-house in the early 1980s under the sponsorship program, Gas Explosion Safety (GSP), funded by the oil companies BP, Elf Aquitaine, Esso, Mobil, Norsk Hydro and Statoil. FLACS-86 was released to GSP sponsors in 1986. Continuous research and development from then onwards resulted in many commercial releases. In 2006, FLACS v8.1 was released to customers. Till then FLACS was developed for Unix and Linux platforms. In 2008, however, FLACS v9.0 was released for Microsoft Windows platform. FLACS v9.1 and FLACS-Wind was developed in 2010. A fully parallelized FLACSv10.0 (using OpenMP) with a new solver for incompressible flows was released in 2012. FLACSv10.0 also constitutes a Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) for two-phase flow calculations.

Related software
 CFX (proprietary software)
 Fire Dynamics Simulator (GPL)
 OpenFOAM (GPL)
 KFX DNV GL

See also
 Computational fluid dynamics
 Computer simulation
 Gas explosion
 Dust explosion
 Atmospheric dispersion modeling

References

External links
 FLACS official website
 GexCon AS (FLACS developers)

Computational fluid dynamics
Serval Project. The Serval Project (often referred to as Serval) is a project financed by the Shuttleworth Foundation, as well as various other organisations and accepting individual donations. It is headquartered at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia.  The project aims to develop technology that can be used to create direct connections between cellular phones through their Wi-Fi interfaces, without the need of a mobile phone operator. The technology allows for live voice calls whenever the mesh is able to find a route between the participants. Text messages and other data can be communicated using a store and forward system called Rhizome, allowing communication over unlimited distances and without a stable live mesh connection between all participants.

The Serval Project includes a collaborate mapping application intended to support disaster relief and recovery efforts. A "mesh extender" is being developed, which establishes a short range Serval mesh over Wi-Fi and joins it with other more distant meshes by linking to other mesh extenders over packet radio operating in the ISM 915 MHz band.

Serval Mesh

Serval Mesh is an Android application and the Serval Project's flagship product. It is currently distributed through various application distribution platforms and repositories and can also be downloaded directly from the project's website. The application may be shared directly from one device to others nearby over WiFi or Bluetooth. 

The Serval Mesh application is built out of two components: a user interface called Batphone, and a core networking, encryption, and file sharing component called Serval DNA. The Batphone source code is licensed to the public under the terms of the GPLv3 license, whereas the Serval DNA source code is licensed under the terms of the GPLv2 license.

See also
 Smartphone ad hoc networks
 Similar projects
 Briar (software)
 B.A.T.M.A.N.
 FireChat

References

External links 
 

Politics and technology
Internet-related activism
Proposed telecommunications infrastructure
Mesh networking
Flying Machines FM301 Stream. The Flying Machines FM301 Stream, is a Czech ultralight trike, designed by and produced by Flying Machines s.r.o. of Rasošky. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The FM301 was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made with a monocoque fibreglass carriage, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span Quasar wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  HKS 700E engine, with the two-stroke  Rotax 582 and the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912UL or  Rotax 912ULS engines optional. With the HKS powerplant the aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The unusual fibreglass structural construction allows internal fuel tanks and also permits a large unobstructed baggage area. The FM301 also has a unique wing mast system that allows the wing to be assembled and mounted on the carriage single-handedly.

Specifications (FM301)

References

External links

2000s Czech sport aircraft
2000s Czech ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
LFG Roland D.XVI. The LFG Roland D.XVI, initially designated the LFG Roland E.I,  was a single-seat, single-engine, parasol wing German fighter aircraft flown close to the end of World War I. Only two were built.

Design and development

The D.XVI had a fully cantilevered fabric covered parasol wing mounted above the fuselage on a pair of N-form struts from the lower fuselage.  These struts were laterally stabilized with a near horizontal strut on each side, joining the upper fuselage and the upper end of the rear member of the N. In plan the wing was straight tapered with blunt tips and included a trailing edge cut-out to improve upward vision from the cockpit. The wing was quite thick and the ailerons short.

Its fuselage was flat-sided and rectangular in cross-section, with plywood covering. The prototypes differed in the way this covering was applied; on one the grain ran diagonally, on the other longitudinally.  They also differed in their vertical tails, one broader and lower than the other.  Both had deep horn balanced rudders which extended to the keel. The horizontal tail was mounted at mid-fuselage, with a straight-edged, unswept tailplane bearing overhung, balanced elevators with outward increasing chord. Both prototypes had conventional undercarriages with a rigid axle mounted to the lower fuselage by V-form struts.

The main difference between the two prototypes was in the engines, both fully cowled rotaries.  One had a 9-cylinder,  Goebel Goe.III, the other an 11-cylinder Siemens-Halske Sh.III of about the same power.  Both two and four blade propellers were used.

The Idflieg allowed the Sh.III engined version to take part in the third D-type competition for fighters even though that engine was not on its approved list. It was faster than either the Fokker D.VII or the Siemens-Schuckert D.IV below  but slower at higher altitude.

Specifications (Siemens-Halske engine)

See also

 LFG Roland D.XVII 
 Fokker D.VIII 
 Kondor E 3
 Siemens-Schuckert D.VI 
 Rumpler D.I 
 Zeppelin-Lindau D.I

Notes

References

Parasol-wing aircraft
1910s German fighter aircraft
LFG Roland D.XVI
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Plasmonic lens. In nano-optics, a plasmonic lens generally refers to a lens for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e. a device that redirects SPPs to converge towards a single focal point. Because SPPs can have very small wavelength, they can converge into a very small and very intense spot, much smaller than the free space wavelength and the diffraction limit.

A simple example of a plasmonic lens is a series of concentric rings on a metal film. Any light that hits the film from free space at a 90-degree angle, known as the normal, will get coupled into a SPP (this part works like a diffraction grating coupler), and that SPP will be heading towards the center of the circles, which is the focal point. Another example is a tapered "dimple".

In 2007, a novel, or technologically new, plasmonic lenses and waveguide by modulating light a mesoscale dielectric structure on a metallic film with arrayed nano-slits, which have constant depth but variant widths. The slits transport electromagnetic energy in the form of SPPs in nanometer sized waveguides and provide desired phase adjustments for manipulating the beam of light. The scientists claim that it is an improvement over other subwavelength imaging techniques, such as "superlenses", where the object and image are confined to the near field.

These devices have been suggested for various applications that take advantage of the small size and high intensity of the SPPs at the focal point. These include photolithography, heat-assisted magnetic recording, microscopy, biophotonics, biological molecule sensors, and solar cells, as well as other applications.

The term "plasmonic lens" is also sometimes used to describe something different: Any free-space lens (i.e., a lens that focuses free-space light, rather than SPPs), that has something to do with plasmonics.

References

Further reading

Plasmonics
Biotechnology
Metamaterials
Lenses
List of local nature reserves in Greater London. Greater London is one of the largest urban areas in Europe, with an area of 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi). Its boundaries were set in 1965 when Greater London, which covers the 32 London boroughs and the City of London, was created. Almost two-thirds of it is green space and wetlands. Its population according to the 2011 census was 8.17 million.

Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation by local authorities which gives protection to wildlife habitats and natural features. It allows local authorities to apply local bye-laws to manage and protect sites. The local authority must have a legal interest in the site, by owning or leasing it or having a nature reserve agreement with the owner. As of January 2016, Natural England gives details of 144 local nature reserves declared by local authorities in Greater London, which are listed below.

The largest site, at , is Brent Reservoir, most of which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its breeding wetland birds, especially great crested grebes, and for its marsh plant life. The smallest is Burnt Ash Pond at , an old farm pond in the middle of a residential area. The longest is Parkland Walk, a linear site of   along the route of an old railway line. Perivale Wood is one of the oldest nature reserves in Britain. It has been managed by the Selborne Society since 1902, and was designated an LNR in 1974. The newest LNRs are Coldfall Wood, Alexandra Palace and Park and Masons Field, all declared in 2013. Several sites, including Camley Street Natural Park in Kings Cross and Frays Valley, are managed by the London Wildlife Trust.

Sites

Map of London boroughs

See also
List of local nature reserves in England
List of national nature reserves in England
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
Parks and open spaces in London

Notes

References

External links

LNR Designated Sites list for Greater London at Natural England

Greater London

Local
Padma Sundar Malla. Padma Sundar Malla (1890–1974) () was Nepal's first electrical engineer and the first Nepalese to visit the United States. He pioneered the generation of electricity in Nepal which provided power to the country's emerging industrial sector.

Early life

Padma Sundar was born at Khauma Tol, Bhaktapur, the third among four brothers. His eldest brother was renowned educationist and author Jagat Sundar Malla. The family moved to Asan in Kathmandu so they could study at Durbar High School. Padma Sundar was inspired to go to Japan for higher studies after meeting with Japanese Buddhist monk and traveler Ekai Kawaguchi in Kathmandu.

Japan and America

In 1916, Padma Sundar and his elder brother Jagat Sundar went to Kolkata, India and secretly sailed for Japan as the government would not have given them permission to do so. The Rana regime disapproved of the general public getting an education. In Japan, Padma Sundar enrolled at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. His brother returned after making arrangements for his study and stay.

After obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree in Tokyo, he teamed up with a few Japanese friends and set sail for America for further studies. He joined the University of Michigan and studied electrical engineering, also earning the distinction of being the first Nepalese in the US.

While a student at the University of Michigan, he joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) as a cadet. In 1922, he received his degree in electrical engineering.

Electrical engineer

When Padma Sundar returned to Nepal in 1925, he was not allowed to enter Kathmandu for having travelled abroad without permission. So he moved to Kurseong in West Bengal, India. In 1933, he set up his first hydropower station known as the Faji hydroelectric project which supplied energy to Kurseong.

The Nepal government sent for Padma Sundar in 1939, and named him the chief engineer of the Morang Hydroelectric Company. He designed the power station that supplied energy to Biratnagar Jute Mill, Biratnagar. He also designed other plants in Birgunj and Dharan.

Honors

In 1941, Padma Sundar was made an associate member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, a British professional body.

Padma Sundar moved back to Kathmandu in the 1950s where he lived the rest of his life. He has been called the "father of Nepalese hydropower" for his pioneering work.

References

1890 births
1974 deaths
People from Kathmandu
Newar people
Electrical engineers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Durbar High School alumni
20th-century Nepalese nobility
Flylight Dragonfly. The Flylight Dragonfly is a British ultralight trike, designed by Ben Ashman and produced by Flylight Airsports of Northamptonshire. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Development of the Dragonfly started in 2007 with the aircraft entering series production in 2008.

Design and development
The Dragonfly was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, the UK Single-Seat De-Regulation (SSDR) guidelines, as well as the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. It features a strut-braced Aeros Discus hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a single cylinder, air-cooled four-stroke,  Bailey V4 200 engine, with the single cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke  Simonini Mini-3 or  Simonini Mini-2 engines optional.

With the Bailey engine and the Aeros Discus 15T wing the Dragonfly has an empty weight of  and a full fuel capacity of . With its manual, or optionally electrically retractable landing gear the aircraft can be folded up and ground transported in the trunk of a car.

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including Aeros Discus 15T, 14 and 12 as well as the Aeros Combat 12T.

Variants
Flylight E-Dragon
Electric aircraft version.
Flylight Motorfloater
Simplified model with single surface wing and fixed landing gear.
Flylight Libelle
High performance variant equipped with a single cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke  Simonini Mini-3 engine and the "topless" strut-braced Aeros Combat 12T wing.

Specifications (Dragonfly)

References

External links

2000s British sport aircraft
2000s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
AeroVelo Atlas. The AeroVelo Atlas is a human-powered helicopter (HPH) that was built for AHS International's Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition. On 13 June 2013, it became the first aircraft to achieve the goals of the competition and thus won the prize.

Design and development

AeroVelo, a team of students and graduates of the University of Toronto, began flight testing its Atlas quad rotor HPH on 28 August 2012. The core team of AeroVelo is the same group that created Snowbird, the first successful human-powered ornithopter. The Atlas is the largest HPH ever flown, and has a tip-to-tip rotor span of , second only to the Russian Mil V-12.

The peak power of  was generated only during the first few seconds to climb to the required  altitude. By the end of the flight, power had reduced to . Todd Reichert, the pilot and a racing cyclist, had specifically trained for such a power profile. The design specifically took advantage of the ground effect possible by the altitude required to win the prize.

Control was created by leaning the bike, which flexed the entire helicopter frame, tilting the rotor axes.

Operational history
The AeroVelo Atlas HPH made its first flight on 28 August 2012.  On 13 June 2013, with a flight commencing at 12:43PM EDT, the team managed to keep Atlas in the air for 64.11 seconds, reach a peak altitude of  and drift no more than  from the starting point.

Data from that flight was submitted to AHS International. After this was reviewed by its panel of vertical flight technical experts, AHS International announced that the flight had met the requirements of the competition and that AeroVelo had officially won the $250,000 prize on 11 July 2013.

A section was donated to the New England Air Museum in 2017.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

Human-powered helicopters
Quadrotors
Atlas
2010s Canadian experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2012
University of Toronto
Quadcopters
Northeast Regional Ocean Council. The Northeast Regional Ocean Council (NROC) is a state-federal partnership organization created to address issues related to the coast and ocean on a regional basis. The organization covers each state in New England which make up its membership. NROC was created in 2005 by the New England Governors Conference. Since 2008, NROC has participated in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning initiative.

References

External links 

Oceanographic organizations
East Coast of the United States
Marine conservation organizations
United States interstate agencies
Environmental organizations established in 2005
2005 establishments in the United States
Hillson. Hillson may refer to:

Surname
Bobby Hillson, London-based fashion illustrator, founder of the Central Saint Martins MA Fashion course
Jack Hillson, Canadian provincial politician
Rowan Hillson (born 1951), British endocrinologist

Given name
Hillson Beasley (1855–1936), English-trained architect

Aircraft
Hillson Bi-mono, British experimental aircraft of the 1940s
Hillson F.H.40 (Slip-wing Hurricane), British single-seat fighter aircraft
Hillson Helvellyn, 1940s British two-seat training monoplane
Hillson Pennine, 1930s United Kingdom two-seat cabin monoplane
Hillson Praga or Praga E.114, single-engine sport airplane

See also
Hillsong (disambiguation)
Niihama National College of Technology. The  is a technology college in Niihama, Ehime, Japan. Established in 1962, it combines high school and college into a five-year course.

The college offers undergraduate courses in Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Information Science, Electronic Control Engineering, 
Applied
Chemistry and
Biotechnology, and
Environmental
Materials
Engineering, as well as three advanced engineering courses.

External links
 Niihama National College of Technology English page

Japanese national universities
Universities and colleges in Ehime Prefecture
1962 establishments in Japan
Universities and colleges established in 1962
Niihama, Ehime
Charles Katz. Charles Abraham Katz (July 7, 1927 – May 9, 1974) was an American mathematician and computer scientist known for his contributions to early compiler development in the 1950s.

Katz received two degrees in mathematics, a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) at Temple University in 1950, and a Master of Science (M.S.) at the University of Pennsylvania in 1953. He then went to work at Remington Rand, in the UNIVAC division, with Grace Hopper to develop compilers for her A-0 system UNIVAC programming languages starting with A-2, followed by MATH-MATIC and FLOW-MATIC. He then went on to General Electric, Burroughs Corporation, and Xerox.

In 1958, he served as one of the original four American members of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, supports, and maintains the languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.

Katz died in Rockville, Maryland on May 9, 1974, at the age of 46.

References

1927 births
1974 deaths
American computer programmers
Temple University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Kintetsu 7000 series. The  is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway since 1986. In 1987, it was awarded the Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.

Operations
The 7000 series sets operate on Keihanna Line service, including through-running to and from the Osaka Municipal Subway Chūō Line.

Formations

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout.

References

External links

 Kintetsu 7000 series train information 

Electric multiple units of Japan
7000 series
Train-related introductions in 1986
750 V DC multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
Kintetsu 7020 series. The  is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway since 2004.

Operations
The 7020 series sets operate on Keihanna Line services, including through-running to and from the Osaka Metro Chūō Line.

Formations

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout.

External links
 Kintetsu 7020 series train information 

Electric multiple units of Japan
7020 series
Train-related introductions in 2004
750 V DC multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units