omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Atal Pedestrian Bridge. Atal Pedestrian Bridge is a pedestrian triangular truss bridge at Sabarmati Riverfront on Sabarmati River in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It has a design inspired by kites. Inaugurated in 2022, it is  long and  to  wide.

History

On 21 March 2018, a steel foot overbridge (pedestrian bridge) was approved by the Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Ltd (SRFDCL) connecting both banks of Sabarmati river, at a cost of . The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation named it after former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on his birth anniversary on 25 December 2021. The construction was completed by June 2022. On 27 August 2022, it was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Architecture

The bridge is located between Sardar Bridge and Ellis Bridge. It is designed by STUP Consultants Ltd based in Mumbai and built by P&R Infraprojects Ltd.

The design is inspired by kite festival organised in the city.

It is a single span steel truss bridge with two additional foundations. The cross section of the truss has rhombus shape similar to kites. The elevation of the truss gives impression of an arch which is supported on spherical bearings on each end. The depth of the truss varies across the length. The bridge is shaded by colourful fabric panels with colours inspired by kites. They protect people from harsh climate. 2600 metric tonnes of steel pipes were used in its construction. The railings are made of steel and glass. It is lit by LED lights.

It is  long and  to  wide. It features two levels of walkways at each end connecting upper and lower promenades of the Sabarmati riverfront. It connects the flower garden on the west bank to upcoming arts and culture centre on the east bank.

See also
 Amgen Helix Pedestrian Bridge
 Bridge of Peace
 Peace Bridge
 Sudama Setu
 Tabiat Bridge
 Okha–Beyt Dwarka Signature Bridge

References

Ahmedabad
Pedestrian bridges in India
Bridges in Gujarat
Steel bridges
Bridges completed in 2022
2022 establishments in Gujarat
Truss bridges in India
Memorials to Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Metcalf (dinghy). The Metcalf is an American sailboat that was designed by Bill Lapworth as a racer and first built in 1960. The boat is named for Darby Metcalf who built the first example.

Production
The design was built by W. D. Schock Corp in the United States, starting in 1960, with 450 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Metcalf is a racing, planing, sailing dinghy, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a cat rig with an anodized aluminum mast and stainless steel standing rigging. The hull has a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the daggerboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water, beaching or ground transportation on a trailer or car roof top.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Dinghies
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Bill Lapworth
Sailboat types built by W. D. Schock Corp
Genevera Allen. Genevera Irene Allen is an American statistician whose research has involved  interpretable machine learning, 
the reproducibility of machine learning results, and the neuroscience of synesthesia. She is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, statistics, and computer science at Rice University, and also holds affiliations with Texas Children's Hospital and the Baylor College of Medicine.

Education and career
Allen is originally from rural North Carolina, and as a high school student focused on playing the viola, but switched to statistics after a shoulder injury as a college freshman. She is a 2006 graduate of Rice University. She went to Stanford University for graduate study in statistics, and completed her PhD in 2010. Her dissertation, Transposable Regularized Covariance Models with Applications To High-dimensional Data, was supervised by Robert Tibshirani.

She returned to Rice University and the Baylor College of Medicine in 2010 as an assistant professor. Rice gave her the Dobelman Family Junior Chair from 2013 to 2017. She was named an associate professor in 2017, and became founding director of the Center for Transforming Data to Knowledge (Data to Knowledge Lab) in 2018.

Recognition
Allen became an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute in 2021. She was named as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2022.

References

External links
Home page
Data to Knowledge Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Rice University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Rice University faculty
Baylor College of Medicine faculty
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Douglas Astro. The Douglas Astro was a design concept for a fully reusable space launch system from the Douglas Aircraft Company. It combined two crewed lifting bodies, with only one of them achieving orbit. The system was designed around much existing hardware from the Apollo and other US space programs.

See also
 BAC Mustard
 Triamese

References

Former proposed space launch system concepts
Two-stage-to-orbit
Space launch vehicles of the United States
Sundarijal Small Hydropower Station. Sundarijal Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: सुन्दरिजल सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Kathmandu District of Nepal. The flow from Sundarijal River is used to generate 640 kW electricity and annual energy generation is 4.77 GWh. Constructed in 1939, it is the second hydropower plant of Nepal constructed after Pharping Hydropower Station.

History
The construction of plant started in 1979 B.S. (1934) and the production started from 1991 B.S. It was constructed with a grant from British government.

Features
Currently, the plant houses two horizontal Pelton turbines each with 320 kW. The outgoing water is used for drinking water supply system and irrigation of Kathmandu. The plant is run by local community.
The project consists of about 300 meter cemented canal from Nagmait river and about 1600 meter long canal from Syalmati river. The water is collected at a collection Pond near the Bagmati river located at Sundarijal. The penstock pipe is 45 centimeter in diameter and is 1386 meter long. The net head of the plant is 216.0 meter while the design flow is 23.3 ft3/s. There are two horizontal axis Pelton turbines running at 900 rpm.

Accidents
Many fatal accidents have occurred at the reservoir. Each year death of swimmers is reported.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Ilam District
Henry B. Kane. Henry Bugbee Kane (January 8, 1902, Cambridge, Massachusetts – February 12, 1971, Lincoln, Massachusetts) was an M.I.T. fund director, book illustrator, author of nature books for children, and nature photographer.

Biography
After graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy, he matriculated at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he graduated in 1924. After graduation, he joined the Boston Edison Company as an engineer planning lighting systems for buildings and outdoor areas and then working in the company's advertising and promotion departments. After several years he resigned from Boston Edison and became at MIT an administrative assistant to MIT's president Karl T. Compton. Kane was the director of the MIT alumni fund from 1940 to 1966, when he retired. During his directorship he helped to raise eleven million dollars.

Kane was an outdoor enthusiast and amateur naturalist who wrote and illustrated more than a dozen natural history books for children. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. published a series of these books.

He gained considerable fame as an illustrator for nature books written by prominent authors, such as Sally Carrighar, David McCord, Wyman Richardson, and John J. Rowlands (who was one of his close friends). Kane contributed about eighty photographs to Thoreau's Walden—A Photographic Register published by A. A. Knopf in 1946. He illustrated five volumes of excerpts, edited by Dudley C. Lunt, from Thoreau's journals; the excerpts were originally published in the 1950s by W. W. Norton & Company.

Upon his death he was survived by his widow, a son, two daughters, and three grandchildren.

References

1902 births
1971 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology people
20th-century American illustrators
American children's writers
20th-century American photographers
Henk M. Haitjema. Hendrik Marten Haitjema (born 1947) is a Dutch and American engineer and hydrologist, and professor emeritus at Indiana University. He is a recipient of the 2017 Keith A. Anderson Award of the National Ground Water Association. He is the author of the book Analytic Element Modeling of Groundwater Flow and the widely used computational groundwater flow modeling system GFLOW.

Education and career 

Haitjema is originally from Dedemsvaart, The Netherlands.  He earned an M.S. (Ingeniers) in Civil Engineering in 1976 from the Delft University of Technology.  He came to America in 1978 and joined Professor Otto D.L. Strack at the University of Minnesota to work on the first computer model to implement the analytic element method for groundwater flow mechanics. He earned a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1982 from the University of Minnesota and became an associate professor in the Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering at the University of Minnesota. In 1984, he joined the faculty of Indiana University as an Associate Professor to teach groundwater flow modeling and applied mathematics and was promoted to Full Professor in 1997. His research has been supported by the US Geological Survey, US Environmental Protection Agency, US Forest Service, US Department of Energy, National Institute for Global and Environmental Change, and the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. He retired from Indiana University in 2012.  While at IU, he mentored 7 Ph.D. students, and numerous Masters students, several of whom produced a research thesis.  He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Groundwater from 2014 to 2020.

Selected publications

Recognition 

 Keith E. Anderson Award of the National Ground Water Association (2017)
 Bechert Award of the Indiana Water Resources Association (2013)
 Braun/Braun Intertec Visiting Professorship, University of Minnesota (2005)

References 

1947 births
Living people
People from Dedemsvaart
Dutch civil engineers
Indiana University faculty
Academic journal editors
University of Minnesota faculty
20th-century American engineers
University of Minnesota alumni
20th-century Dutch engineers
Delft University of Technology alumni
21st-century American engineers
Dutch emigrants to the United States
21st-century Dutch engineers
American hydrologists
American civil engineers
Dutch hydrologists
Oriol Vinyals. Oriol Vinyals (born 1983) is a Spanish machine learning researcher at DeepMind. He is currently technical lead on Gemini, along with Noam Shazeer and Jeff Dean.

Education and career 
Vinyals was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He studied mathematics and telecommunication engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. He then moved to the US and studied for a Master's degree in computer science at University of California, San Diego, and at University of California, Berkeley, where he received his PhD in 2013 under Nelson Morgan in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Vinyals co-invented the seq2seq model for machine translation along with Ilya Sutskever and Quoc Viet Le. He led AlphaStar research group at DeepMind, which applies artificial intelligence to computer games such as StarCraft II.

In 2016, he was chosen by the magazine MIT Technology Review as one of the 35 most innovative young people under 35.

By 2022 he was a principal research scientist at DeepMind. His research in DeepMind is regularly featured in the mainstream media As of August 2024, he is currently technical lead on Gemini, along with Noam Shazeer and Jeff Dean.

See also 
 Ilya Sutskever

References 

Living people
Google employees
Machine learning researchers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
Polytechnic University of Catalonia alumni
1983 births
People from Barcelona
Spanish computer scientists
DeepMind people
Roxann Engelstad. Roxann (Roxy) L. Engelstad is a retired American mechanical engineer specializing in the vibrations and dynamics of structures on scales ranging from pipes and space tethers to X-ray lithography masks. She is Stephen P. Timoshenko Professor Emeritus and Bernard A. & Frances M. Weideman Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Education and career
Engelstad is a 1972 graduate of Deerfield High School (Wisconsin). She spent the rest of her academic career at the University of Wisconsin–Madison; she earned bachelor's, master's, and PhD degrees in engineering mechanics there in 1977, 1979, and 1988, respectively, and joined the faculty as an assistant professor in 1988. She chaired the mechanical engineering department from 2007 to 2013, was given an endowed chair in 2008, and retired in 2017.

Recognition
Engelstad was named an ASME Fellow in 2013. She is also a Fellow of SPIE.

Engelstad's mentorship of students at Wisconsin was recognized in 1999 by the Aristotle Award of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. In 2015, the University of Wisconsin gave Engelstad their Benjamin Smith Reynolds Award for Excellence in Teaching.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
20th-century American women engineers
20th-century American engineers
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Fellows of SPIE
VSM-1 mine system. VSM-1 (Russian: ВСМ-1—Вертолетная Система Минирования-1) is a Soviet helicopter-based remote mining system. It can be mounted on various variants of the Mil Mi-8 helicopter, particularly the Mi-8T and Mi-8MT. It is capable of deploying a range of high explosive and fragmentation mines.

The system was developed by the State Research Engineering Institute (ГНИИИ) and was manufactured by the Kazan Helicopter Production Association, which was renamed to Kazan Helicopters in 1993. It is still being produced and used today by the Russian Armed Forces.

Action 
The VSM-1 system is made up of 4 containers, a PUM-1V (Russian: ПУМ-1В) control panel, a PKPI-1 (Russian: ПКПИ-1) control device, a PP-1V (Russian: ПП-1В) electronics test panel and a container lifting & suspension system.

Depending on the configuration, a Mi-8 equipped with VSM-1 can spray from 116 to 8352 mines in under a minute. This allows the creation of minefields with a density ranging from one mine per 5-6 square meters to several mines per meter, depending on the helicopter's altitude.

Use 

Generally, the helicopter crew performs the mining from an altitude of 30-150 meters, at speeds of 150-220 km/h. Depending on the type of mines loaded in the system, VSM-1 allows the mining of areas of 400-2000 meters in length, with a width of 15-60 meters. The mines are commonly used in tandem with bombing runs, preventing the enemy from properly navigating the ruins, resulting in more effective mine use.

Specifications 

 Container size: 1884x410x630 mm
 Weight:
 Loaded container: 
 Empty container: 
 Control panel: 

 Minefield sizes (up to):
 Anti-tank: 
 Anti-personnel: 
 Anti-amphibious: 
 Temperature range of use: 
 Average density of the minefield:
 High explosive: 3-5 pcs/m
 Fragmentation: 0.2-0.3 pcs/m

Combat Use 
The VSM-1, along with other minelaying systems like the BMR-2 (Russian: БМР-2), saw extensive use in the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. As a result, more than a million mines were dispensed across the territory of Afghanistan.

Raid in Jalalabad 
The mission was carried out in December 1981 and involved mining trails and passes on the border of Afghanistan with Pakistan. It was carried by two Mi-8MT helicopters of the 335th OBVP (from Rus. Otdelʹnyy Boevoy Vertolëtnyy Polk) helicopter combat regiment, escorted by two Mi-24B attack helicopters. However, the mission was led by a senior navigator of the Air Force of the 40th Army, who arrived from Kabul, and was unfamiliar with the area. He guided the helicopter's crew over the border with Pakistan and ordered the mines to be dropped there, essentially mining the territory of Pakistan. The helicopter crew realized their mistake as soon as they saw railroads, which were not present in Afghanistan at that time.

Operators

Former Operators

See also 

 PFM-1
 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
 Organization for Mine Clearance and Afghan Rehabilitation
 PMN mine
 PTM-3 mine

Notes 

Land mines of the Soviet Union
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Anne Lesage. Anne Lesage (born June 12, 1969) is a French engineer who is a group leader at the French National Centre for Scientific Research. She is based at the High Field NMR Centre of the Lyon Institute of Analytical Sciences, where she develops novel nuclear magnetic resonance approaches to characterise solid-state materials.

Early life and education 
Lesage completed her undergraduate degree in engineering at the École Centrale Paris. She moved to the Pierre and Marie Curie University for graduate studies, where she earned a master's degree in biophysics in 1992. Lesage moved to Lyon for doctoral research, where she used NMR to investigate the COL1-NC1 junction.

Research and career 
In 1994, Lesage joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research, where she started working at the École normale supérieure de Lyon. She has worked on high-field dynamic nuclear polarisation solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. In such an experiment, the polarisation of unpaired electrons is transferred to nuclei that are close by. This enhances the signal by an amount proportional to the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron and the polarised nucleus. The technique has been improved since the 1990s, including the development of advanced equipment and design of stable sources of polarisation (organic radicals). Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance can provide information about structure-property relationships in emerging materials, and Lesage has shown that by making use of dynamic nuclear polarization signal intensity can be improved and porous and non-porous materials characterised. The technique, DNP Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy (DNP SENS), involves combining a free radical into a material (e.g. via the addition of few drops of polarising solution). This polarisation is transferred to the protons of solvent under irradiation with microwaves, and to surface protons via proton spin diffusion. DNP SENS has application in the characterisation of nanomaterials for advanced technologies and in the characterisation of complex pharmarceuticals.

Awards 
 2010 French National Centre for Scientific Research Cristal Medal
 2010 Medal of the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
 2017 Elected International Society of Magnetic Resonance Fellow
 2018 French Academy of Sciences Prix Jaffé
 2018 French Academy of Sciences Berthelot medal

Selected publications

References 

1969 births
Living people
French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists
École Centrale Paris alumni
Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni
Academic staff of the École Normale Supérieure
20th-century French women engineers
21st-century French women engineers
20th-century French engineers
21st-century French engineers
Ohtani-ike Dam (Kagawa, Japan). Ohtani-ike Dam  is an earthfill dam located in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The dam impounds about 14  ha of land when full and can store 1000 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1959.

See also
List of dams in Japan

References

Dams in Kagawa Prefecture
Sakase-ike Dam (Kagawa, Japan). Sakase-ike  is an earthfill dam located in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 2 km2. The dam impounds about 6  ha of land when full and can store 536 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1962.

See also
List of dams in Japan

References

Dams in Kagawa Prefecture
Micro Channel Developers Association. The Micro Channel Developers Association (MCDA) was a consortium of computer manufacturers that sought to consider and prioritize steps in the maturation of the Micro Channel architecture, as well as to explore better approaches to disseminating technical information about Micro Channel to third parties.

History
Micro Channel was a computer bus architecture introduced by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) with their Personal System/2 family of computers in 1987. Intended as the replacement to the de facto Industry Standard Architecture IBM pioneered with the IBM PC, Micro Channel was met with backlash over IBM's exuberant licensing costs, and several computer companies, most influentially Compaq, formed a committee that developed the Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) in 1988. EISA saw popularity in workstations and desktop servers in the following years. While PS/2s also enjoyed modest success in those markets, Micro Channel was seldom licensed for official clones during its first years, leading to a perception of IBM among peripheral manufacturers as a domineering patent holder. The Micro Channel Developers Association was formed in October 1990 as a response to this perception and EISA's emergence.

Membership in the MCDA carried an annual fee of $2,500. EISA manufacturers were not barred from entrance or invitation; spokespersons for MCDA contacted Compaq, lead architect of EISA, to join their consortium, as they did to EISA co-founders Olivetti  and NEC. Out of the over 800 companies developing Micro Channel products (at least those assigned numerical vendor IDs by IBM, to be read by the IBM's BIOS for MCA machines), only 14 comprised the Micro Channel Developers Association on its formation. This included IBM, Intel, Chips and Technologies, NCR Corporation, Olivetti, Apricot Computers, Western Digital, Siemens Nixdorf, AOX Inc., Reply Corporation, Core International, Cumulus Corporation, and National Software Testing Laboratories. NEC later joined, in November that year. MCDA grew to 92 member companies by the first quarter of 1992.

Even after IBM discontinued Micro Channel and the PS/2 in July 1995, the Micro Channel Developers Association still oversaw the development of hundreds of MCA cards and peripherals as late as May 1996, owing to its widespread use in IBM's line of RS/6000 servers and workstations. The consortium fizzled in 1997, however.

Member list
March 1992

References

External links
 
 

1990 establishments in the United States
1997 disestablishments in the United States
Computer-related introductions in 1990
Technology consortia
Organizations established in 1990
Organizations disestablished in 1997
IBM PS/2
Protactinium(V) iodide. Protactinium(V) iodide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of PaI5.

Preparation 

It can be prepared by the reaction of metals protactinium and iodine, or by reacting protactinium(V) chloride, protactinium(V) bromide or protactinium(V) oxide with silicon tetraiodide.

Properties 

It reacts with antimony trioxide in a vacuum at 150 °C to give the iodide oxides PaOI3 and PaO2I; it reacts with protactinium(V) bromide at 350 °C to obtain mixed halides PaBr3I2. It reacts with the monocarbide at 600 °C to give tetraiodide.

Aristid von Grosse was able to produce pure metallic protactinium with the decomposition of protactinium(V) iodide.

When heated at 300 °C for a long time, it decomposes and iodine is released:
 PaI5 → PaI3 + I2

References

Protactinium(V) compounds
Iodides
Actinide halides