omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Unit system of machinery. The unit system of machinery was a method of arranging a ship's propulsion machinery into separate units that could each operate autonomously in case of damage to the ship. For a steamship, this would be a boiler room supplying steam to an engine room. There might also be a gearing room that housed the transmission that actually turned the propeller shaft(s). Ideally each "unit" should have an additional compartment between them to further reduce the risk. Many ships were able to provide steam via cross-connections from either boiler room to either engine room.

The unit system was developed during World War I to help mitigate damage and flooding from damage inflicted by a weapon and to preserve a ship's mobility by physically separating the engines and boilers into at least two groups so that a single torpedo hit, for example, could not flood all of the boiler or engine rooms, disabling all of the ship's propulsion machinery. A single World War II torpedo hit would typically blow a  hole in the hull and would compromise the integrity of adjacent watertight bulkheads over twice that length and further if the ship was of riveted construction rather than welded. This would usually flood two compartments and possibly three.

The unit system invariably added length to accommodate the additional piping to cross-connect the engines and boilers and the widely separated boilers required two funnels which reduced the fields of fire of the ship's anti-aircraft guns and added topweight. There could be significant knock-on costs as well. For example, the second batch of the British Leander-class light cruisers of the 1930s (which were all eventually sold to Australia) were modified to use the unit system. This increased the length of the machinery spaces by  and the waterline belt armor needed to protect the boilers increased by a length of . The extra weight of the armor required the beam to be increased by  to preserve stability. All of these changes made the ships more expensive than their predecessors.

Citations

Bibliography

Naval architecture
Julia Kotlarsky. Julia Kotlarsky is a New Zealand academic, and as of 2018 is a full professor at the University of Auckland.

Academic career
After her 2005 PhD thesis titled  'Management of globally distributed component-based software development projects'  at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kotlarsky moved to the University of Warwick, and then in 2012 joined Aston University as a full professor. In 2018 she moved to University of Auckland.

Much of Kotlarsky's research relates to outsourcing and offshoring. Together with Leslie Willcocks and Ilan Oshri, Kotlarsky is the author of The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring, which argues that companies tend to consider offshoring in situations where their profits are already diminishing. Her current research revolves around digital sustainability; the interface between artificial intelligence technologies and humans; data and digital transformation; and technology sourcing.

Selected works

References

External links
 

Living people
New Zealand women academics
Erasmus University Rotterdam alumni
Academics of the University of Warwick
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
Information systems researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
New Zealand women writers
Academics of Aston University
MARK IVB Meteorological Data Station AN/UMQ-13. The AN/UMQ-13(V) system or MARK IV-B, is a meteorological data station that is owned and operated by the United States Space Force. This system allows meteorologists from around the globe to analyze and forecast meteorological data from polar orbiting satellites belonging to, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). The MARK IVB also uses geostationary orbiting satellites to include Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), Japan's Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS), and Meteosat which is operated in cooperation between EUMETSAT and the European Space Agency.

There are nine operational MARK IVB terminals world-wide to provide operational missions with tactical meteorological information for a specific location. With the rapid changes in technology, the MARK IVB operates a Windows based software allowing for the rapid analyzing of meteorological images. Older models of this system were unable to process microwave data which resulted in new techniques and upgraded to both the satellites and the MARK IVB terminals. The upgrades to satellite sensors enable the ability for both satellites and meteorologists to detect weather conditions such as thunderstorms, lightning, volcanic ash, and fog. Both commercial and military aircraft can be severely affected by these weather conditions.

References 

Meteorological stations
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. The International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering environmental science, technology, engineering, and management. It was established in 2004 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Madjid Abbaspour.

Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.860.

IJEST.org website
It has been reported that the website "ijest.org" claims to publish Open Access articles under the name of the International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (IJEST). However, this website is not associated with the legitimate journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The articles featured on "ijest.org" include content that appears scientific but does not originate from the actual IJEST and often focus on unrelated topics such as nootropics.

Additionally, some articles from "ijest.org" are indexed in Google Scholar, which may lead to confusion and misrepresentation of these articles as being academically credible or associated with the legitimate IJEST. These articles may also appear in certain generative AI tools designed to summarize academic literature. Researchers and users are advised to verify the source of articles and refer to the official IJEST website hosted by Springer for legitimate content.

References

External links

Unique journal website
Published papers

Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Academic journals established in 2004
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Environmental science journals
Eckerwald Memorial. The Eckerwald Memorial (approx. 15km southwest of Balingen) commemorates one of the last murderous chapters of Nazi war politics. In the autumn of 1944, prisoners of the Schörzingen concentration camp built a shale oil factory on this site during a construction period of about three months.

The Memorial is located outside the village of Schörzingen, today a district of Schömberg in the Zollernalbkreis in Baden-Württemberg, at the foot of the Nordtrauf in the Swabian Alb.

The plant was one of ten production sites of the Company Wüste, the code name of an industrial complex consisting of concentration camps and industrial plants of the Nazis, in order to extract the increasingly scarce fuel from domestic oil shale towards the end of the Second World War. Under partly murderous conditions, concentration camp prisoners had to set up various oil shale plants from seven subcamps of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp for experimental purposes and for the production of shale oil in order to work in them subsequently.

On the grounds of the Memorial site, a bronze sculpture in a trough excavated by prisoners commemorates the events.

The Memorial is a member of the Gäu-Neckar-Alb Memorials Network and the Natzweiler Memorials Network in the former concentration camp complex.

External links 
Biotop des Dritten Reiches

References 

Monuments and memorials to the victims of Nazism
OceanX. OceanX is an ocean exploration initiative founded by Ray Dalio, founder of investment firm Bridgewater Associates, and his son, Mark Dalio. OceanX utilizes various methods to engage in public awareness activities and promotion efforts for the oceans and marine conservation efforts. The company claims to aid and facilitate ocean research for scientists, media companies, and philanthropy partners.

Vessels 
OceanX's first vessel was the MV Alucia, a 56-meter research and exploration vessel purchased in 2011. The ship was outfitted with two deep-sea submersibles, a helipad, laboratories, and media facilities.

In 2021, the Alucia was sold and replaced by the 87-meter OceanXplorer, a former oil exploration ship previously named Volstad Surveyor. It carries 4 submersibles and hosts a dive centre, a media centre, and 4 laboratories.

OceanX Media 
OceanX Media (formerly Alucia Productions) is the media production arm of OceanX. OceanX Media worked with BBC Earth on the nature documentary series Blue Planet II, taking BBC Studios on nine missions that contributed to four episodes of the series, including Episode 2, The Deep, in which OceanX and the BBC conducted the first ever deep-sea submersible dives to the Antarctic seafloor. The episode was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Nonfiction Program. A video from the dive won the Webby Award in Social: Education and Discovery in 2019. This video was directed by OceanX Media Creative Director Mark Dalio.

Alongside BBC Earth, OceanX Media co-produced Oceans: Our Blue Planet, the Giant Screen companion film to Blue Planet II. The film is sponsored by Microsoft.

OceanX Media content has also been featured in media outlets including Mashable, Business Insider, Scientific American, Earther, Discovery Channel Canada, and National Geographic.

Accomplishments 
OceanX missions and missions aboard the MV Alucia have been responsible for:

 Exploring the Great Barrier Reef with Sir David Attenborough for the series Great Barrier Reef (2015). 
 Exploring the ocean’s blue holes for the National Geographic channel series Years of Living Dangerously (2014-2016).
 Discovery of the Baltic Sea anomaly in the Gulf of Bothnia (June 2011).
 The first-ever open-water test of Orpheus, a deep-seadrone prototype developed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), to explore the deep water hadal zone.

Partners 
In addition to its internal science and media operations, OceanX partners with several media, science and philanthropy organizations to facilitate and support their ocean research. Its partners include the American Museum of Natural History, BBC Studios, filmmaker James Cameron, photographer Paul Nicklen, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, explorer Sylvia Earle, and scientists Edith Widder and Samantha Joye.

OceanX co-created the #OurBluePlanet digital initiative with BBC Earth with the goal of getting 1 billion people talking about the oceans.

In 2018, OceanX partnered with Bloomberg Philanthropies to commit $185 million over four years to ocean exploration and protection efforts.

References 

Ocean exploration
RobiHachi. RobiHachi is a 12-episode Japanese anime television series produced by Studio Comet. The series aired from April 8 to June 24, 2019.  The storyline is futurist but alludes to the story of Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige.  The comically silly and purposely lame Hizakuriger robot (named after the Tōkaidō story) makes its appearance, a reimagining of the "long forgotten" 1970s era robot anime Chōgattai Majutsu Robo Ginguiser.

Characters

Hatchi is a debt collector.

Production
An original anime was announced by Studio Comet on November 19, 2018. The 12-episode series is directed by Shinji Takamatsu, with Hiroko Kanasugi handling series composition and Yuuko Yahiro designing the characters. It aired from April 8 to June 24, 2019, on AbemaTV and AT-X.

References

External links
  
 
 

2019 anime television series debuts
Anime with original screenplays
AT-X (TV network) original programming
Crunchyroll anime
Orion 27-2. The Orion 27-2, also called the Orion 27 Mk II, is an American sailboat that was designed by Henry Mohrschladt as a cruiser and first built in 1981.

The design is a development of the Orion 27, with a longer cabin coach house roof to allow for the installation of an extra set of portlights.

Production
The design was built by Pacific Seacraft from 1981 until 1993, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Orion 27-2 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of plywood-cored fiberglass, with teak wood trim. It has an optional cutter rig as a sloop or a yawl, a raked stem, an angled transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel, with a cutaway forefoot. It displaces  and carries  of ballast. The design has a length overall of ,  including the wooden planked. platform-mounted, teak bowsprit, with dual Sampson posts. A yawl rig was optional. The hull cross-section is a traditional "wineglass" shape.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted. The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 2GMF diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds .

The boat has two interior configurations. The first has a U-shaped dinette table and a navigation station aft of the dinette. The second layout is intended for longer-ranged cruising and has a smaller dinette table, which makes room for a wet locker at the foot of the companionway stairs. Space in the bow can be used for stowage or an optional cabin heater. In both configurations the galley is located on the starboard  side of the cabin. There is a "V"-berth in the bow. The head is equipped with a shower, has a privacy door and is located forward, just aft of the bow "V"-berth. Additional sleeping space is provided by quarter berth in the cabin.

The deck has teak capped bulwarks. Ventilation is provided by a cabin hatch, two dorade vents and ten opening and screened ports.

The boat has two genoa winches and two winches for the halyards. The mainsheet traveler is mounted on the coach house roof.

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club, the Pacific Seacraft Orion 27 Club.

A review in Blue Water Boats, described the design as, "beautiful, strong, and capable". The review went on to say, "unsurprisingly for a Mohrschladt design, the Orion 27 has conservative lines. Under the waterline is a long keel with a forefoot cutaway to improve nimbleness and reduce wetted area. The sections carry the tried and true wine-glass shape. Don’t expect record setting pace with this kind of shape; think strong, safe, and good manners for heaving-to in the rough."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Aloha 27
Cal 27
Cal 2-27
Cal 3-27
C&C 27
Crown 28
CS 27
Edel 820
Express 27
Fantasia 27
Halman Horizon
Hotfoot 27
Hullmaster 27
Irwin 27 
Island Packet 27
Mirage 27 (Perry)
Mirage 27 (Schmidt)
Mirage 275
O'Day 272
Watkins 27
Watkins 27P

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Henry Mohrschladt
Sailboat types built by Pacific Seacraft
Benjamin S. Cook. Benjamin S. Cook is an American scientist, entrepreneur, advisory board member, professor, and author. He is best known for his pioneering work in printed electronics and for implementing the first semiconductor-compatible printed electronics process, VIPRE.  He holds over 150 patents and patents pending, and over 100 peer reviewed journal and conference publications.

Biography
Benjamin S. Cook received the Bachelor of Science degree from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, the Master of Science degree from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, and the Doctor of Philosophy degree in electrical engineering and materials science from Georgia Institute of Technology.

From 2006 to 2014, he was the founder and president of Soft-Tronics, a technology consulting firm which partnered with technology startups to accelerate growth and market penetration.  In 2014, he joined Texas Instruments Kilby Labs to industrialize his pioneering work in semiconductor printed electronics and additive manufacturing.  Currently, he is the Sr. Director of Texas Instruments' Nanotechnology Organization and holds advisory positions on the Rose-Hulman Academic Advisory Board, the Elsevier Journal of Additive Manufacturing, as well as several other research consortiums.

Awards
 Member of the Group Technical Staff, Texas Instruments (2016)
 Rose-Hulman Career Achievement Award, Alumni of the Year (2016)
 Intel Doctoral Fellowship Award (2013)
 IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society Doctoral Fellowship Award (2012)
 Rose-Hulman Engineer of the Year (2010)

Books
 Handbook of Flexible Electronics: Materials, Manufacturing and Applications, Woodhead Publishing
 Handbook of Antenna Technologies: Advanced Antenna Fabrication Processes (MEMS/LTCC/LCP/Printing), Springer Publishing
 Green RFID Systems: Materials and Substrates, Cambridge Press

References

External links
 Google Scholar profile

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American electronics engineers
Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Scientists from Chicago
Texas Instruments people
American male non-fiction writers
American engineering writers
9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment. The 9th "Odessa" Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment was a "regiment of aces" unit in the Soviet Air Forces created to assist the USSR in gaining air supremacy over the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.

Second World War 
Pilots admitted to the regiment were either already aces or considered potential aces by their commanders. Throughout the war the regiment operated various aircraft, including the Polikarpov I-16, LaGG-3, Yak-1, Bell P-39 Airacobra, and Lavochkin La-7. Prior to being designated as the 9th Guards Regiment in 1942, the unit was the known as the 69th Fighter Aviation Regiment and equipped with I-16 and MiG-3 fighters, having been formed in 1939. With 558 enemy aircraft destroyed by the unit during World War II, it was the 7th highest scoring regiment in the Soviet Air Forces.

Name 
Before the regiment was honored with the Guards designation in 1942 it was known as the 69th Fighter Aviation Regiment. Later the regiment was given the honorific "Odessa" in 1943, and by the end of the war its full name was the 9th Guards Odessa Red Banner Order of Suvorov Fighter Aviation Regiment. After the capitulation of Nazi Germany, the regiment saw action in the Korean War before it was incorporated into the Air Force of Uzbekistan as the 62nd Fighter Aviation Regiment in 1992 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Notable members

Twice Heroes of the Soviet Union 

 Aleksey Alelyukhin
 Amet-khan Sultan
 Pavel Golovachev
 Vladimir Lavrinenkov

Heroes of the Soviet Union 
 Mikhail Astashkin
 Mikhail Baranov
 Georgy Baykov
 Ivan Borisov
 Aleksey Cherevatenko
 Yevgeny Dranishchev
 Aleksandr Karasyov
 Arkady Kovachevich
 Ivan Korolev
 Georgy Kumzin
 Semyon Kunitsa
 Lydia Litvyak
 Aleksey Malanov
 Anatoly Morozov
 Yuri Rykachev
 Ivan Serzhantov
 Vasily Serogodsky
 Lev Shestakov
 Mikhail Shilov
 Mikhail Tvelenev
 Vitaly Topolsky
 Sergey Yelizarov
 Agey Yelokhin

Hero of the Russian Federation 
 Yekaterina Budanova

References

Holm, Michael. 9th Guards IAP. https://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/9gviap.htm

Fighter aviation regiments of the Soviet Union in World War II
Fighter regiments of the Soviet Air Forces
Fighter regiments of the Soviet Air Defence Forces
Military units and formations established in 1942
Catapleiite. Catapleiite (·2) is a dimorph of gaidonnayite rarely found by itself. Its name derives from the Greek words "κατα" (kata) and "πλειον" (pleion)  meaning "with more" as it is mostly accompanied by a number of rare minerals. When pure it is colorless, but it is most often seen as a tan, brownish-red, light yellow, dark brown, flesh red or orangish in color. It is mostly found on Låven Island, Norway. Its hardness on the Mohs scale is around 5.5–6. It has a monoclinic crystal system.

References

Monoclinic minerals
Sayrite. Sayrite (Pb2(UO2)5O6(OH)24(H2O)) is an alteration product of uraninite named after the X-ray crystallographer David Sayre.  Sayrite contains hydrogen, oxygen, uranium, and lead. It is mined at Shinkolobwe Mine, (Kasolo Mine), Kambove District, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is usually orange in color, but also can be reddish and yellowish. It is in the monoclinic crystal system.

References

Uranium(VI) minerals
Lead minerals
Kazuhito Hashimoto. is a Japanese chemist. Between 2004 and 2007 he headed the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Tokyo. In 2016–2022 he served as President of the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and as the editor-in-chief of the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. On April 1, 2022 he assumed the position of President of Japan Science and Technology Agency.

In 2006 Hashimoto received the Yamazaki-Teiichi Prize for his research on titanium dioxide photocatalyst.

Biography
Hashimoto spent most of his career at the University of Tokyo, where he earned BSc (1978), MSc (1980) and PhD (1985) degrees in physical chemistry. Between 1980 and 1989 he worked as a researcher at the Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi. After that he lectured at the University of Tokyo, where in 1997 he was promoted to full professor, and in 2004 became Director of Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology. In 2016 he was appointed as president of NIMS in Tsukuba. Hashimoto is an executive member of the Council for Industrial Competitiveness and of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation at the Cabinet Office of Japan.

Selected publications
According to the Web of Science Hashimoto has co-authored 3 articles with more than 1700 citations each:

References

University of Tokyo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
1955 births
Living people
20th-century Japanese chemists
21st-century Japanese chemists
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
North African Power Pool. The Comité Maghrébin de l'Electricité (COMELEC), also Maghreb Electricity Committee and North African Power Pool, is an association of five North African countries belonging to the Arab Maghreb Union (Union du Maghreb Arabe). The major aim of the association is to interconnect the electricity grids of the member countries in order to facilitate the trading of electric power between the members. North African Power Pool is one of the five regional power pools in Africa.

Overview
Member countries are Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. One of the projects in the  high voltage power line from Morocco to Egypt through Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. There are several other ongoing programs.

Members
The member countries and their respective electricity utility companies are listed in the table below.

See also

 Southern African Power Pool 
 Eastern Africa Power Pool
 West African Power Pool
 Central African Power Pool

References

External links
 Website of Arab Maghreb Union

Energy in Africa
Electricity markets