omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stephen Kennedy (engineer). Stephen Kennedy (born 1956), Technical Director of Intelligent Engineering, is responsible for the development of Sandwich Plate System (SPS) technology and has a distinguished career in applied engineering research.

He was previously a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carleton University (Ottawa) specializing in the design and behaviour of steel structures including buildings, bridges and ships.  His work involved research grants and contracts from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Transport Canada, Canadian Coast Guard, Ship Structure Committee, United States Coast Guard, Fleet Technology Inc., and Marine Industries Limited.

During this time, twenty-two graduate students completed their theses under his supervision on topics that included: the inelastic behaviour of ice breaker hulls; an investigation of crack propagation for steel weldments in ship structures; development of design equations for web crippling (incorporated in Canadian Standards for steel bridges and buildings); development of integrated analysis design software for steel buildings; and the development of composite structural laminate plates for ships.

Kennedy has graduate degrees in structural engineering from the University of Alberta.

Selected writings

References

External links 
 Associate Professor, Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University

Structural engineers
Canadian civil engineers
1956 births
Living people
Median Wall. The Median Wall was a wall built to the north of the ancient city of Babylon at a point where the distance between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates decreases considerably. It was believed to have been constructed during the latter part of the reign of Nebuchadrezzar II and to have consisted of baked brick and bitumen, with centre of the wall being packed with earth. The wall was built to prevent any potential invasion by the Medes from the north — hence the name 'Median' Wall.

The ancient Greek writer Xenophon states that the wall was in existence in 401 BC in his book the Anabasis (or 'The Persian Expedition'), and described it as being  wide and  in height, and 20 parasangs in length (approximately ).

See also 
 Gawri Wall

References

Sources
Warner, Rex, trans. Xenophon - The Persian Expedition. Introduction & Notes by George Caldwell. England: Penguin Books, 1949–1972. .

Archaeological sites in Iraq
Ancient Mesopotamia
Anabasis (Xenophon)
Medes
Babylon
Fortification lines
City walls
Green death. Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and copper(II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter: 

The chemical composition of the green death solution allows it to achieve a particularly aggressive oxidizing chloride solution. Indeed, among the four reagents, all are oxidizing species (, , ) except hydrochloric acid (HCl) in which the chlorine atom is present in its lowest oxidation state as  anion. The chloride anions, also added to the solution as counter-ions of iron(III) and copper(II) species, are very aggressive for the localized corrosion of metals and alloys as they induce severe pitting corrosion problems. The green death solution is also used to determine the critical pitting temperature (CPT) and the critical crevice temperature (CCT) of metals and alloys.

See also

References
 

Corrosion
Oxidizing mixtures
Oxidizing acids
Stepping level. In integrated circuits, the stepping level or revision level is a version number that refers to the introduction or revision of one or more photolithographic photomasks within the set of photomasks that is used to pattern an integrated circuit. The term originated from the name of the equipment ("steppers") that exposes the photoresist to light.
Integrated circuits have two primary classes of mask sets: firstly, "base" layers that are used to build the structures, such as transistors, that comprise circuit logic and, secondly, "metal" layers that connect the circuit logic.

Typically, when an integrated circuit manufacturer such as Intel or AMD produces a new stepping (i.e. a revision to the masks), it is because it has found bugs in the logic, has made improvements to the design that permit faster processing, has found a way to increase yield or improve the "bin splits" (i.e. create faster transistors and thus faster CPUs), has improved maneuverability to more easily identify marginal circuits, or has reduced the circuit testing time, which can in turn reduce the cost of testing.

Many integrated circuits allow interrogation to reveal information about their features, including stepping level. For example, executing CPUID instruction with the EAX register set to '1' on x86 CPUs will result in values being placed in other registers that show the CPU's stepping level.

Stepping identifiers commonly comprise a letter followed by a number, for example B2. Usually, the letter indicates the revision level of a CPU's base layers and the number indicates the revision level of the metal layers. A change of letter indicates a change to both the base layer mask revision and metal layers whereas a change in the number indicates a change in the metal layer mask revision only. This is analogous to the major/minor revision numbers in software versioning. Base layer revision changes are time consuming and more expensive for the manufacturer, but some fixes are difficult or impossible to accomplish with metal-only changes.

The Intel Core microarchitecture uses a number of steppings, which unlike prior microarchitectures not only represent incremental improvements but also changes to features, such as a different cache size or the addition of low-power modes. Most of these steppings are used across brands, typically involving features being disabled or clock frequencies being reduced on low-end chips. Steppings with a reduced cache size use a separate naming scheme, which means that CPU steppings are not necessarily released in alphabetic order of stepping.

References 

Integrated circuits
Version control
Central processing unit
Sandwich plate system. Sandwich Plate System (SPS) is the name of a patented structural composite material comprising two metal plates bonded with an elastomer core.  SPS was created in partnership with chemical manufacturer BASF incorporating Elastocore ®  as the core material. The SPS material is a direct replacement for stiffened steel and reinforced concrete in heavy engineering projects.

SPS is a licensed technology used globally in various engineered structures including maritime ships, offshore assets, buildings, stadiums and arenas, bridges and other special applications.

History 
SPS was invented by Dr Stephen Kennedy following primary research in the field of ice-strengthened structures at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and first patented in 1996. Intelligent Engineering UK Limited  was founded in April 1996 to commercialise the technology and later formally dissolved. The first recorded project involving SPS was carried out on the P&O Pride of Cherbourg, a Lloyd's Register approved vessel in 1999.

Notable Projects
Civil engineering projects incorporating SPS include:
Resorts World Arena, at the National Exhibition Centre (NEC), Birmingham, United Kingdom
The O2, Dublin (formerly The Point), Dublin Ireland
Ascot Racecourse, London United Kingdom
London Aquatics Centre, London, United Kingdom
Cannelville Road Bridge, Muskingum Country, Ohio
Berlin U-Bhan Bridge, Berlin Germany
Lennoxville Bridge,  Quebec Canada
Ceder Creek Bridge, Texas USA
Grand Pier, Weston-super-Mare, Weston-Super-Mare UK
Dawson Bridge, Edmonton Canada
Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Principal Place Pavilion, London, United Kingdom
Space Needle, Seattle, Washington, United States in its 2017 renovation
PayPal Park, formerly Avaya Stadium, home San Jose Earthquakes
Philippine Arena north of Manila, Philippines
Colman Dock footbridge, Seattle Washington
USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, Flushing Meadow, New York
Tynecastle Park Edinburgh, Scotland

Vessels and assets incorporating SPS include:
MV Golden Bell, Bulk Carrier
MV Star Ypsilon, Bulk Carrier
MV Docebay, Bulk Carrier
MV Hansaland, RoRo
MV Edco Star, Bulk Carrier
Solitaire (ship), Allseas' deep sea pipe-laying ship
Glen Lyon (ship) a floating production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO), owned by BP and stationed in the North Sea
Queen Mary 2 a transatlantic ocean liner

References

Composite materials
Canadian inventions
Southern California Seismic Network. The Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) is a cooperative project of Caltech and the United States Geological Survey. The SCSN has benefited from numerous upgrade projects. TERRAscope, funded by the L. K. Whittier and ARCO Foundations, and NSF, provided the first 28 broadband and strong motion stations in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The TriNet project, from 1997 to 2002, funded by FEMA, California OES, USGS, and other partners, increased the number of broadband and strong motion stations to 155 and significantly improved the data communications and processing infrastructure. The SCSN is one of six organizations that form the larger California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) project of Caltech, CGS, USGS, and U.C. Berkeley (2001 to present) provides funds for continued operation of the SCSN, improved robustness, and migration of operations toward statewide processing.

References

External links
 http://www.scsn.org/
California Integrated Seismic Network

Disaster preparedness in the United States
Seismological observatories, organisations and projects
Harmonic scalpel. The harmonic scalpel is a surgical instrument that (unlike electrosurgery) uses ultrasonic vibrations to cut and cauterize tissue.

Medical use
The harmonic scalpel may be superior to electrosurgery in that it can cut through thicker tissue, creates less toxic surgical smoke, and poses somewhat less of a risk for electrocution or other potentially fatal complications.

Mechanism
A harmonic scalpel cuts via vibration. The scalpel surface itself cuts through tissue by vibrating in the range of 55,500 Hz. The high frequency vibration of tissue molecules generates stress and friction in tissue, which generates heat and causes protein denaturation. This technique causes minimal energy transfer to surrounding tissue, potentially limiting collateral damage.

Manufacture
The Harmonic brand is manufactured in Mexico and distributed by Ethicon Endo-Surgery a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.

See also
 Instruments used in general surgery

References

Further reading
 
 
 

Surgical instruments
USS Buckeye. USS Buckeye (AN-13/YN-8) was an Aloe-class net laying ship in service with the United States Navy from 1942 to 1947. In the late 1970s and 1980s, she was used as a salvage training hulk.

Built in Portland, Oregon
Buckeye (YN-8) was laid down on 17 March 1941 at Portland, Oregon, by the Commercial Iron Works; launched on 26 July 1941; sponsored by Miss Sara Ann Tefler; and placed in service on 5 September 1941.

World War II service

North Pacific operations
After fitting out at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Buckeye began duty in the 13th Naval District. She tended nets there until the fall of 1942. At that time, the ship was transferred to the Alaska Sector based at Dutch Harbor.

While stationed there, she was placed in full commission on 26 December 1942. She continued to tend nets and buoys in the Aleutian Islands, first at Dutch Harbor and, after May 1943, at recently captured Attu. On 1 January 1944, Buckeye was re-designated AN 13. During the summer of 1944, the net layer received orders to Seattle, Washington, for an overhaul that she completed between 24 July and 11 September.

West Pacific operations
Following a round-trip voyage from the U.S. West Coast to Hawaii and back, Buckeye was stationed at the Naval Net Depot at Tiburon, California, near San Francisco, California, as ready duty ship and standby vessel for emergency repairs. That duty lasted until 27 January 1945 when she was transferred to Service Squadron (ServRon) 6 of the U.S. 7th Fleet.

During February and March, the net layer stopped at Pearl Harbor, Funafuti in the Ellice Islands, Manus in the Admiralty Islands, and Hollandia on New Guinea before arriving in the Philippines in April. Initially, she served in Leyte Gulf but, later that summer moved to Luzon where she operated in Manila Bay and Subic Bay.

Post-war activity
Buckeye spent the remainder of her active career at Luzon. On 17 July 1946, the ship went aground in Subic Bay. With the assistance of , she was refloated on 29 July and was towed to Alava Dock for repairs.

Post-war inactivation
She was still undergoing repairs at the end of 1946 and, apparently, they were never completed. She went out of commission at Subic on 4 March 1947. Later transferred to the Pacific Reserve Fleet group berthed at San Diego, California, she remained there until 1963 when she was turned over to the U.S. Maritime Administration for lay up in Suisun Bay, California

Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 July 1963. She remained at the Suisun Bay facility until 5 May 1976 at which time she was reacquired by the Navy for use as a salvage training hulk. Her status is unknown.

References 

 
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - YN-8 Cottonwood / Buckeye - AN-13 Buckeye

Aloe-class net laying ships
Ships built in Portland, Oregon
1941 ships
World War II net laying ships of the United States
Training ships of the United States Navy
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign
Bruce R. Davis. Bruce Raymond Davis (born 17 July 1939, Adelaide, Australia) is an electronic engineer, notable for his research in mobile communication systems, satellite communications, and high frequency data communication systems.

Education
He attended Adelaide Technical High School, Adelaide, Australia. He received a B.E. (Hons.) degree in electronic engineering, 1960, a B.Sc. in mathematics, 1963, and the PhD degree in electronic engineering, 1969, all from the University of Adelaide, Australia.

Career
He was first employed by University of Adelaide in 1964. During 1970, he was with Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey, studying various aspects of mobile radio communications and again in 1977, when he was involved in satellite systems research. In 1988, he developed SUGAR—a circuit analysis simulation tool named in allusion to University of California Berkeley's software called SPICE. In 1992, he was a visiting scholar with the Communications Division of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), Salisbury, South Australia, and was involved with high-frequency data communication systems.

Honours
He was a co-recipient of the 1986 IEE Overseas Premium Best Paper Award and winner of the 1989 IREE Norman W. V. Hayes Medal.

Selected publications

 B. R. Davis, "An improved importance sampling method for digital-communication system simulations," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 715–719, 1986.
 K. T. Ko and B. R. Davis, "Delay analysis for a TDMA channel with contiguous output and Poisson message arrival," IEEE Transactions on Communications,   Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 707–709, 1984.
 B. R. Davis and R. E. Bogner, "Propagation at 500 MHz for mobile radio," IEE Proceedings-F Radar and Signal Processing,   Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 307–320, 1985.
 J. B. Scholz and B. R. Davis, "Error-probability estimator structures based on analysis of the receiver decision variable," IEEE Transactions on Communications,  Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 2311–2315, 1995.
 B. R. Davis and W. G. Cowley, "Bias and variance of spectral estimates from an all-pole digital-filter," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,  Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 322–329, 1982. 	
 A. G. Bolton and B. R. Davis, "Evaluation of coefficient sensitivities for 2nd-order digital resonators," IEE Proceedings-G Circuits Devices and Systems,   Vol. 128,  No. 3,  pp. 127–130, 1981.
 B. R. Davis, D. Abbott, and J. M. R. Parrondo, "Thermodynamic energy exchange in a moving plate capacitor," Chaos, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 747–754, 2001.

External links
  Davis biography
 Davis on dblp
 Davis' homepage
 
 Davis at the ACM portal

References

1939 births
Living people
Scientists from Adelaide
University of Adelaide alumni
Australian electrical engineers
Academic staff of the University of Adelaide
Graham Lake (Maine). Graham Lake in Hancock County, Maine is a eutrophic reservoir formed by the construction of a hydro-electric power dam in 1922 four miles (6 km) upstream from Ellsworth, Maine.  The first dam was a hastily built earthen dam built by the Bangor Hydro Electric Company.  It failed in 1923, flooding downtown Ellsworth and doing almost $8 million in property damage.  The dam was rebuilt and operated by Bangor Hydro until its sale in 1999.  The dam has since been acquired by PPL Corporation, which continues to use it to generate electricity.

Water clarity in the lake is low, with secchi disk measurements averaging less than 3 meters.  Fish in the lake that are of interest to anglers include smallmouth bass, white perch, chain pickerel, landlocked salmon, and brook trout.

References

External links

Reservoirs in Maine
Lakes of Hancock County, Maine
Colossal carbon tube. Colossal carbon tubes (CCTs) are a tubular form of carbon. In contrast to the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), colossal carbon tubes have much larger diameters ranging between 40 and 100 μm. Their walls have a corrugated structure with abundant pores, as in corrugated fiberboard, where the solid membranes have a graphite-like layered structure.

CCTs have technologically attractive properties such as ultra light-weight, extremely high strength, excellent ductility and high conductivity - which make them possibly suitable for clothing. They are excellent (105 siemens per metre) electrical conductors, are 15 times stronger than the strongest carbon fiber (T1000), have 30 times the tenacity of Kevlar and are 224 times stronger than individual cotton fibers. The tubes exhibit an ultra low density comparable to that of carbon nanofoams.

CCTs have a tensile strength of 7 GPa, and a high specific strength (tensile strength per density), and a breaking length of 6,000 km. This exceeds the specific strength of the strongest carbon nanotube; this strength is sufficient to support a space elevator if retained in a fabricated macroscale structure.

CCTs conduct electricity and show some of the properties of semiconductors.

References

External links
 Colossal carbon nanotubes could replace cotton fibers for high-tech clothing
 New colossal carbon tubes created, and flipping spins at the speed limit

Allotropes of carbon
Carbon nanotubes
Dowelmax. The Dowelmax is a loose tenon dowelling jig manufactured by the O.M.S. Tool company in Canada. The manufacturer claims that the small manufacturing tolerances of  for the aluminium, brass and steel components of the jig ensure accuracy and repeatability. The precision manufacturing adds to the unit's cost, which is higher than other dowelling jigs.

The tool allows the placement of five dowels in one pass. A distance gauge bar provided with the jig allows accurate spacing between sets of dowels.

Joint strength
Tests by both the manufacturer, and Wood magazine, are claimed to show that dowel joints made with the Dowelmax are stronger than most other woodworking joints tested.

In 2007, Wood magazine compared the joint strength of various loose tenon methods and tools, with these results:

A 2011 review by Wood Magazine, has rated Dowelmax very highly as a dowel joinery tool. The review classifies Dowelmax as "the best dowelling jig ever made".

Independent test

Hydraulic comparison strength testing by manufacturer

See also
Biscuit joiner — another loose tenon joinery method
Domino joiner — another loose tenon joinery method

References

Woodworking hand tools
Woodworking
Joinery
Yal. Yal, or YAL, can mean:

Boeing YAL-1, a US Air Force test aircraft for anti-missile laser development
Yāḻ, an ancient Tamil harp
YAL, the IATA code for Alert Bay Airport in British Columbia, Canada
YAL, the National Rail code for Yalding railway station in Kent, UK
Yal (boat), a type of Russian rowboat
Yal (river), a river in South Sudan
Young Americans for Liberty, an American right libertarian association
Young Australia League, an Australian youth organisation

See also
TmaxSoft. TmaxSoft is a South Korea-based multinational corporation specializing in enterprise software. Founded in 1997 by Professor Daeyeon Park, a former professor at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), the company is divided into three businesses: TmaxSoft, TmaxData and TmaxA&C. Currently, TmaxData and TmaxA&C operate as affiliate companies.

As a member of the Java Community Process (JCP), 
TmaxSoft offers various middleware products, including Tmax (Transaction Process Monitoring), JEUS (Web Application Server), and the WebtoB (Web Server). Other products include Tibero (DMBS), ProSync, SysMaster (Application Performance Monitoring), ProFrame (Application Framework for banking), OpenFrame (Mainframe legacy rehosting), TmaxOS (Desktop Operating System), TmaxOffice, ToGate (Web browser), Prozone (Cloud), and big data (ZetaData, HyperData, and AnyMiner).

History

 1997 Company founded as a middleware provider, Tmax TP Monitor launched (first in Korea and second in the world)
 2000 JEUS launched, WebtoB launched, Tmax Japan founded
 2002 J2EE 1.2 certified, J2EE 1.3 certified, JCP joined, OpenFrame launched, Tmax US founded 
 2003 J2EE 1.4 certified (first in the world), Tibero DBMS launched, Tibero incorporated, ProFrame launched, Anylink launched, Tmax China founded
 2004 Released OpenFrame, JEUS 5.0, BizMaster, SysMaster, and SysKeeper OS
 2007 The company was the largest provider of enterprise software systems in South Korea, as of 2007
 2009 JEUS(TM) positioned in 'Visionary' Gartner Magic Quadrant
 2006 Java EE5 certified (World 1st), Web Application Server #1 market share in Korean market
 2010 KT Innotz Joint Venture founded, G Corp project in US sales. Until 2010, TmaxSoft operated an affiliate company developing operating systems, called TmaxCore, that was sold to Samsung SDS in June 2010.
 2011 JEUS(TM) positioned in 'Visionary' Gartner Magic Quadrant

 2012 Web Application Server #1 market share in Korean market for 10 years, Awarded "Best Software Business 
 2013 Tmax Singapore, Tmax Russia, Tmax UK founded
 2014 Tmax Brazil founded
 2016 TmaxSoft designates its Chicago office as its global headquarters and appoints Joshua Yulish as new global CEO
 2017 TmaxSoft names John Yun as new CTO
 2018 TmaxSoft names Moses Mathuram VP of Global Channels 
 2019 TmaxSoft appoints Kv Suresh as new Global CEO and President

Company expansion
The company has established subsidiaries in Japan (2000), the USA (2002), China (2003), Singapore (2013), the UK (2013), Russia (2013), and Brazil (2014). In the domestic market, Tmax holds a 42.1% share of the middleware market, with its products used by major financial and government institutions.

References

Software companies of South Korea
South Korean brands
Strömsund Bridge. The Strömsund Bridge (Swedish: Strömsundsbron) is a cable-stayed road bridge, bringing road E45 over Ströms vattudal, in Strömsund, Jämtland, Sweden.

The bridge is  long, with a  main span. Differing from what is stated almost throughout, the bridge was not designed by the German civil engineer Franz Dischinger, who at the time was already deceased. Instead, the design was submitted in 1953 for an international competition by the German steel construction company Demag (which had previously cooperated intensively with Dischinger). The structure, which opened in 1956, is considered to be the world's first large cable-stayed bridge of the modern type and was built by Demag together with the Swedish concrete construction company Skanska.
The bridge is colloquially referred to as "Jämtland's Golden Gate".

References 

Bridges in Sweden
Cable-stayed bridges in Sweden