omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ArviZ. ArviZ ( ) is a Python package for exploratory analysis of Bayesian models. It is specifically designed to work with the output of probabilistic programming libraries like PyMC, Stan, and others by providing a set of tools for summarizing and visualizing the results of Bayesian inference in a convenient and informative way. ArviZ also provides a common data structure for manipulating and storing data commonly arising in Bayesian analysis, like posterior samples or observed data.

ArviZ is an open source project, developed by the community and is an affiliated project of NumFOCUS. and it has been used to help interpret inference problems in several scientific domains, including astronomy, neuroscience, physics and statistics.

Etymology 
The ArviZ name is derived from reading "rvs" (the short form of random variates) as a word instead of spelling it and also using the particle "viz" usually used to abbreviate visualization.

Exploratory analysis of Bayesian models
When working with Bayesian models there are a series of related tasks that need to be addressed besides inference itself:

 Diagnoses of the quality of the inference, this is needed when using numerical methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques
 Model criticism, including evaluations of both model assumptions and model predictions
 Comparison of models, including model selection or model averaging
 Preparation of the results for a particular audience

All these tasks are part of the Exploratory analysis of Bayesian models approach, and successfully performing them is central to the iterative and interactive modeling process. These tasks require both numerical and visual summaries.

Library features
 InferenceData object for Bayesian data manipulation. This object is based on xarray
 Plots using two alternative backends matplotlib or bokeh 
 Numerical summaries and diagnostics for Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
 Integration with established probabilistic programming languages including; PyStan (the Python interface of Stan), PyMC, Edward Pyro, and easily integrated with novel or bespoke Bayesian analyses. ArviZ is also available in Julia, using the ArviZ.jl interface

See also 
  Bambi is a high-level Bayesian model-building interface based on PyMC
 PyMC a probabilistic programming language written in Python
 Stan is a probabilistic programming language for statistical inference written in C++

References

External links 
 ArviZ web site

Computational statistics
Free Bayesian statistics software
Monte Carlo software
Numerical programming languages
Probabilistic software
Hexbeam. A hexbeam, or hexagonal-beam, is a type of a directional antenna for shortwave, most often used in amateur radio. The name comes from the hexagonal outer shape of the antenna. It may also sometimes be known as a W-antenna, referring to the shape of the driver. The design looks something like an upturned umbrella.

The antenna design resembles a modified Yagi–Uda antenna. It consists of a W-shaped dipole and a reflector. As with the Moxon antenna, the design omits the directors found in a Yagi-Uda. Its antenna gain is between 5dBi and 6dBi, the forward/reverse attenuation is up to 20 dB.

The hexbeam consists of six arms of non-conductive materials such as fiberglass or plastic pipes, and insulated metallic wire is used to form the elements.  In the original design, there were two W-shaped elements. This antenna was first introduced by Mike Traffie, N1HXA, in 1996.  Steve Hunt, G3TXQ, did an exploration of this design because of conflicting accounts from users and home builders regarding antenna gain, bandwidth, and forward/reverse gain.  Hunt published his improvements in December 2007 in the online magazine AntennaX, in an article titled Broadband Hexbeam.  In his modified design, Hunt changed the dimensions and shape of the antenna elements, resulting in an antenna which retained the W-shaped driver, but with a reflector that has more of a semicircular shape.

Radio amateurs can build the Hexbeam as a multi-band antenna to cover different frequency ranges. Popular combinations cover 20m, 15m and 10m (3 band) and 20m, 17m, 15m, 12m and 10m (5-band) ham radio bands. Hexbeams can also be built for the 40m and 30m bands. The antenna elements for the lowest frequency band are located at the exterior of the antenna.  When constructing multi-band hexbeams, the vertical spacing of each element is critical, because the elements of a multi-band hexbeam mutually influence each other and if the elements are not parallel, parameters of the antenna may change undesirably.

References

External links 
 Understanding the Hexbeam von Steve Hunt, G3TXQ  (queried on December 10, 2010)
 A Practical, 5-Band Homebrew Wire Beam -- the Upside-Down Umbrella

Antennas (radio)
Amateur radio
Škoda 33Tr SOR. Škoda 33Tr SOR is a low-floor articulated trolleybus produced in cooperation of Škoda Transportation (electrical equipment and assembly) and SOR, which supplies the body based on the bus SOR NS 18.

Construction features 
33Tr is derived from SOR NS 18 city bus. It is made of two rigid sections linked by a pivoting joint. Electric motor is located in the rear of the bus. Inside are used plastic Ster seats. Rear axle is VOITH brand, as well as medium axle, the front axle is own production with independent wheel suspension. Only rear C axle is propulsed. Body of the vehicle is welded from steel-voltage profiles, flashings from the outside and interior are lined with plastic sheeting. The floor of the bus is at a height of  above the ground. On the right side of the bus are four doors.

Production and operation 
Production started in 2019. In Czech and Slovak cities they replaced old high-floor trolleybuses Škoda 15Tr. Teplice became the first to operate these trolleybuses.

References

External links

Trolleybus 33 Tr, skoda.cz

Articulated buses
Buses of the Czech Republic
Buses manufactured by SOR
Trolleybuses
Škoda vehicles
Andreas Dreizler. Andreas Dreizler (born 27 March 1966 in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a German physicist, professor of mechanical engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and heads the division of reactive flows and measurement technology.

In 2014, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, the highest award for researchers in Germany, for his achievements in quantitative laser diagnostics of reactive flows. His scientific achievements include, for example the world's first measurements of carbon water concentrations and temperatures in flames using nonlinear optics.

Life 
Andreas Dreizler studied physics at the University of Kiel, where he received his intermediate diplom in 1988. He continued his studies at the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg and received his diplom in 2002. During this time, he had research stays at the University of Oxford supported by a DAAD scholarship. In 2005 he received his doctorate in physical chemistry under Jürgen Wolfrum with a thesis on polarization spectroscopy. The title of his dissertation was "Einsatz von Vierwellenmischug und Polarisationsspektroskopie zur Diagnostik reaktiver Strömungen" (Use of four-wave mixing and polarization spectroscopy for the diagnosis of reactive flows). He then worked as a technology consultant for laser technology at the Association of German Engineers in Düsseldorf and as a university assistant and working group leader at the Institute for Technical Combustion at the University of Stuttgart. In 2002 he completed his habilitation in combustion technology with Johannes Janicka at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. The title of his habilitation thesis was "Über Experimente zur Entwicklung und Validierung von Modelle für die Beschreibung turbulenter Flammen" (On Experiments for the Development and Validation of Models for the Description of Turbulent Flames).

He is married and has four children. He is a member of the German Bunsen Society for Physical Chemistry, the Optical Society and the German Section of the Combustion Institute.

Publications

References 

1966 births
Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
21st-century German physicists
20th-century German physicists
Living people
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
German mechanical engineers
Engineers from Freiburg im Breisgau
FACOM 128. The FACOM 128 was a relay-based electromechanical computer built by Fujitsu. Two models were made, namely the FACOM 128A, built in 1956, and the FACOM 128B, built in 1959. , a fully working FACOM 128B is still in working order, maintained by Fujitsu staff at a facility in Numazu in Shizuoka Prefecture.

The FACOM 128B processes numbers using a bi-quinary coded decimal representation.

See also 
 FACOM 100
 FACOM

References

External links 

Electro-mechanical computers
1950s computers
Z3 Theorem Prover. Z3, also known as the Z3 Theorem Prover, is a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver developed by Microsoft.

Overview
Z3 was developed in the Research in Software Engineering (RiSE) group at Microsoft Research Redmond and is targeted at solving problems that arise in software verification and program analysis. Z3 supports arithmetic, fixed-size bit-vectors, extensional arrays, datatypes, uninterpreted functions, and quantifiers. Its main applications are extended static checking, test case generation, and predicate abstraction.

Z3 was open sourced in the beginning of 2015. The source code is licensed under MIT License and hosted on GitHub.
The solver can be built using Visual Studio, a makefile or using CMake and runs on Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, and macOS.

The default input format for Z3 is SMTLIB2.
It also has officially supported bindings for several programming languages, including C, C++, Python, .NET, Java, and OCaml.

Examples

Propositional and predicate logic
In this example propositional logic assertions are checked using functions to represent the propositions a and b. The following Z3 script checks to see if :

 (declare-fun a () Bool)
 (declare-fun b () Bool)
 (assert (not (= (not (and a b)) (or (not a)(not b)))))
 (check-sat)

Result:
 unsat

Note that the script asserts the negation of the proposition of interest. The unsat result means that the negated proposition is not satisfiable, thus proving the desired result (De Morgan's law).

Solving equations
The following script solves the two given equations, finding suitable values for the variables a and b:

 (declare-const a Int)
 (declare-const b Int)
 (assert (= (+ a b) 20))
 (assert (= (+ a (* 2 b)) 10))
 (check-sat)
 (get-model)

Result:
 sat
 (model 
   (define-fun b () Int
     -10)
   (define-fun a () Int
     30)
 )

Awards

In 2015, Z3 received the Programming Languages Software Award from ACM SIGPLAN. In 2018, Z3 received the Test of Time Award from the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS). Microsoft researchers Nikolaj Bjørner and Leonardo de Moura received the 2019 Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated Reasoning in recognition of their work in advancing theorem proving with Z3.

See also

 Formal verification

References

Further reading
 
 The inner magic behind the Z3 theorem prover

External links
 
 Official playground

Free and open-source software
Free software programmed in C++
Microsoft free software
Microsoft Research
Satisfiability modulo theories solvers
Software using the MIT license
2012 software
Emtan Karmiel. Emtan Karmiel Ltd. is an Israeli company that develops and manufactures small arms, pistols and rifles, for militaries and law enforcement agencies in Israel and around the world.

History
Founded in 1977 by Reuven Zada, Emtan Karmiel started operation as a family business producing precision machining parts for the defense industry. In the early 1980s, the company began manufacturing rifle parts and precision parts for the defense industry of Israel.

Since the late 1990s, Emtan Karmiel is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that specializes in parts for Israeli made weapons and the A15 model (M4 / M16 sub-models), while operating production lines for rifle kits, as well as rifle and gun parts for European manufacturers.

Emtan Karmiel manufactures in-house rifles, pistols, modern barrels and submachine guns.

International operations
The company provides products for customers including the Philippine National Police, the Philippine Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, the Royal Thai Police, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), manufacturers of firearms in Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom and customers in America, Africa and South America and for the commercial markets in Europe, South and Central America.

Products

Military and law enforcement 
 MZ-4 automatic rifle that comply with the MIL-SPEC (M4/M16 equivalent)
 MZ-4 P automatic rifle MZ-4 with Piston operation system (M4/M16 with improved operation and design)
 MZ-4 P FRB MZ-4 with piston operation system and folding retractable buttstock
 MZ-47 automatic rifle for use with AK47 magazines and ammunition 7.62x39 (M4/M16 platform with AK47 compatibility)
 MZ-300 automatic rifle 300 Blackout 7.62x35 (M4/M16 platform with 300 blackout barrel for special forces)
 MZ-9 automatic sub-machinegun (M4/M16 compact platform with 9MM NATO capabilities)
 Spare parts and conversion from old "long" M16 to new "short" flat-top M4 (ideal for governments that want to modify existing rifle stock instead of going for a new purchase and tender)
 Ramon 9mm striker polymer pistol 
 MZ-10S sniper rifle

Commercial and civilian
 MZ-15 semi-automatic rifle MIL-SPEC  (AR15 equivalent)
 MZ-15 P semi-automatic rifle MZ-15  with piston operation system (AR15 with improved operation and design)
 MZ-15 P FRB MZ-15 with piston operation system and folding retractable buttstock.
 MZ-47 S semi-automatic rifle for use with AK47 magazines and ammunition7.62x39 (AR15 platform with AK47 compatibility)
 MZ-300 S semi-automatic rifle 300 blackout 7.62x35 (AR15 platform with 300 blackout barrel)
 MZ-9 S semi-automatic sub-machinegun/pistol (AR15 compact platform with 9MM NATO capabilities).
 Ramon 9mm striker polymer pistol 
 MZ-10S sniper rifle

References

External links 
 
 החלטות ממשלה
 Company Introduction
 Emtan Karmiel
 EMTAN KARMIEL LTD
 אמתן כרמיאל IWI מתמודדות על מכרזי נשק למשטרה הפיליפינית

Manufacturing companies established in 1977
Weapons manufacturing companies
Defense companies of Israel
Israeli companies established in 1977
List of mills in Holyoke, Massachusetts. When it was first established under the guise of the Hadley Falls Company, the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts was conceived as a production center for textiles. Despite protests of the company during the formation of the Parsons Paper Company, that a pulp and paper venture was a poor use of space and unprofitable, by 1885 the city was the largest producer of paper goods in the United States. Before 1920 the city was the home to numerous paper mills, producing 80% of the writing paper used in the United States, as well as having the largest silk, and alpaca wool mills in the world. The city was also home to the largest paper millwright firm in the United States, D. H. & A. B. Tower, which would design at least 25 such mills in Holyoke alone. While many were lost to fire, redevelopment, and salvaging, today a number of mills have been redeveloped. Despite determinations of eligibility by the Massachusetts Historical Commission as part of the Holyoke Canal System, as of , no mill properties in the city had been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Extant

Demolished

See also
Holyoke Canal System
Holyoke Dam
List of mills in Fall River, Massachusetts
List of mills in New Bedford, Massachusetts
List of mills in Oldham

References

External links
 CT River: Holyoke Mills, WWLP 20 News, July 28, 2015

Economic history of Massachusetts
 
Holyoke
Pulp and paper mills in the United States
Mills Holyoke
Mills
Mining sludge. Mining sludge is the waste product of alluvial mining, and in particular hydraulic sluicing. It has been particularly prominent in gold fields in Australia and California in the nineteenth century.

In the 1840s in California and 1850s in Australia, methods for extracting alluvial gold were developed which involved washing soil and gravel through sluice boxes using diverted streams and other water sources. The waste or tailings were released into the waterways forming large deposits of highly mobile sediment. This 'sludge' as it was generally termed, blocked the stream channels causing flooding and burial of land downstream.

The cyanide process also involved releasing sediment contaminated with cyanide, while other sludge deposits have a variety of contaminants used in the mining process.

Large areas of land were affected by sludge, particularly in Victoria, where a Royal Commission was established in 1858-9 to investigate and manage the problem. This resulted in a number of regulations and the construction of large stone-lined sludge channels to concentrate and divert the sludge away from settled areas and buildings. the towns of Bendigo, Ballarat, Castlemaine, Creswick and Maryborough have channelized streams running through them as a result.

Ultimately hydraulic sluicing was banned in 1904 as a result of the continuing environmental damage caused to waterways in places such as Omeo, and a Sludge Abatement Board was established to regulate and repair the problem.

References

History of mining in Australia
Surface mining
Hydraulic engineering
Australian gold rushes
The Formula of Rainbow. The Formula of Rainbow () is a 1966 Soviet science fiction comedy film directed by Georgi Yungvald-Khilkevich.

The film tells about the scientist Vladimir Bantikov, who decides to create his double in the form of a robot, but this robot suddenly begins to live its own life...

Plot
Vladimir Bantikov, a young scientist at the Institute of Unsolvable Problems, is working on a groundbreaking formula to create a rainbow. His efforts come close to success, but his prototype—a set of experimental chemicals—is accidentally destroyed by a colleague. Frustrated by the institute’s bureaucratic meetings, Bantikov secretly shifts his focus to a side project: designing and building a humanoid robot named Yasha. Once completed, Yasha is tasked with attending meetings in Bantikov’s place, functioning as his double. However, Yasha’s advanced capabilities soon lead to his arrogance, prompting him to escape the lab and venture into the city.

Equipped with a device that allows him to alter his appearance, Yasha evades capture by constantly changing his form. However, during his escapades, he loses the device, which becomes irretrievably buried under construction materials at a building site. Despite his logical precision, Yasha's interactions with people reveal his lack of humor and emotional depth, drawing attention to the robotic tendencies of some humans Bantikov encounters during the search. Eventually, Yasha is found and reassigned as an instructor at a seaside sports base, where his literal-minded nature leads to comical situations, such as chasing vehicles for fuel to keep his motor running. Unable to subdue Yasha through conventional means, the institute staff resorts to trickery, luring him into the sea, where a short circuit disables him. After repairs and reprogramming, Yasha takes on the humble role of a doorman at the institute.

Meanwhile, Bantikov continues his experiments to create a rainbow. During a chemical reaction, an accidental explosion in the lab propels him out of a window, only for trolleybus wires to break his fall. As sparks fly, a vivid rainbow suddenly appears in the clear sky, captivating passersby. The film concludes on a triumphant note: Bantikov’s experiment succeeds, Yasha evolves into a more human-like being, and the institute achieves breakthroughs that pave the way for new scientific challenges.

Cast 
 Nikolai Fedortsov as Vladimir Bantikov / Yashka the robot
 Rayisa Nedashkivska as Lyusya Petrova
 Savely Kramarov as Vasya	
Ivan Ryzhov as Petya
Frunzik Mkrtchyan as Frunzik Kaburyan
Georgy Vitsin as Toy factory manager
Roman Tkachuk as Kozdolevsky
Natalya Varley as Nurse
 Nikolai Grinko as Vacationer
 Zoya Fyodorova as Aunt Shura

References

External links 
 

1966 comedy films
1966 films
Films scored by Aleksandr Zatsepin
1960s Soviet films
1960s Russian-language films
Soviet science fiction comedy films
Films about androids
Films about robots
Soviet-era Ukrainian films
British Rail Class 231. The British Rail Class 231 is a class of eleven diesel-electric multiple units of the FLIRT family, which have been built for Transport for Wales by Swiss rolling stock manufacturer Stadler Rail. The first units entered service on 18 January 2023.

History
The previous Wales & Borders rail franchise operator, KeolisAmey Wales ordered the new trains. Although KeolisAmey was removed as the franchise operator and replaced by an operator of last resort Transport for Wales Rail, owned by the Welsh Government, the scheduled full fleet replacement continued.

The units began testing in Switzerland in July 2021 and in November 2021 the first two units were delivered to Cardiff Canton depot.

Operators

Transport for Wales
The Class 231 units are currently operating services on the Rhymney line and the Vale of Glamorgan Line. They mostly do routes between Rhymney/Bargoed to/from Barry Island from Mondays to Saturdays and Rhymney/Caerphilly to/from Barry Island on Sundays.

Sometimes they operate on other valleys lines as well such as the Merthyr/Aberdare Lines, the City Line and the Treherbert Line. 

It is expected that they will operate services between  and , and between /Newport and Ebbw Vale Town from around late 2025 or early 2026.

The official revenue launch of the Class 231 took place on 29 March 2023 at .

Technical details
Class 231 units have four passenger vehicles, along with a separate "Power Pack" vehicle at the centre of the unit that contains four diesel generator sets. The diesel generators comply with EU Stage V emissions regulations. All vehicles are linked by unpowered Jacobs bogies, while the outermost bogie at each end of each unit carries the traction motors.

TfW are planning to convert their 231 units to hybrid units and have mobilised a project team to support the implementation of the conversion with Stadler.

Fleet details

Illustration

Named units
Unit 231001 is named Sultan. It was suggested by a local school as part of a competition run by TfW, and is named after a statue  at Ystrad Mynach of the pit ponies used in the local coal mines.
Unit 231005 is named Gavin & Stacey. It was suggested by a local primary school that participated in the Christmas Event at Barry Island which is part of the final episode of Gavin and Stacey.

See also
 British Rail Class 745 - An electric multiple unit variant of the Stadler FLIRT UK platform built for Greater Anglia.
 British Rail Class 755 - A bi-mode multiple unit variant of the Stadler FLIRT UK platform built for Greater Anglia.
 British Rail Class 756 - A tri-mode multiple unit variant of the Stadler FLIRT UK platform also built for Transport for Wales Rail.

Notes

References

231
Stadler Rail multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2023
Pacific Construction Group. The China Pacific Construction Group (CPCG) is a Chinese construction company headquartered in Ürümqi, Xinjiang. The CPCG was founded in 1986 as YinJiang Company. Since 1995 it is operating under the name Pacific Construction Group. The company ranked 97th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies in 2019. In 2018 it was reported as having 387,525 employees and revenue equivalent to US$86.623 billion.

The main focus of the business activity is on the construction of infrastructure projects. These include the construction of roads, bridges, ports and industrial facilities. CPCG acts as a contractor for public urban development projects and claims to be involved in the construction of more than 1000 planned cities.

History

Corporate Structure

References 

Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Companies based in Xinjiang
Chinese companies established in 1986
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1986