omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
YJK. YJK is a proprietary color space implemented by the Yamaha V9958 graphic chip on MSX2+ computers. It has the advantage of encoding images by implementing less resolution for color information than for brightness, taking advantage of the human visual systems' lower acuity for color differences. This saves memory, transmission and computing power.YJK is composed of three components: ,  and .  is similar to luminance (but computed differently),  and  are the chrominance components (representing the red and green color differences). The  component is a 5-bit value (0 to 31), specified for each individual pixel. The  and  components are stored together in 6 bits (-32 to 31) and shared between 4 nearby pixels (4:2:0 chroma sub-sampling).

This arrangement allows for the encoding of 19,268 different colors.

While conceptually similar to YUV, chroma sampling, numerical relationship between the components, and transformation to and from RGB are different in YJK.

Formulas 
The three component signals are created from an original RGB (red, green and blue) source. The weighted values of ,  and  are added together to produce a single  signal, representing the overall brightness of that pixel. The  signal is then created by subtracting the  from the red signal of the original RGB, and then scaling; and  by subtracting the  from the green, and then scaling by a different factor.

These formulae approximate the conversion between the RGB color space and YJK:

From RGB to YJK:

From YJK to RGB:

The  component of YJK is not true luminance, since the green component has less weight than the blue component. Also, contrary to YUV where chrominance is based on Red-Blue differences, on YJK its calculated based on Red-Green differences.

References

See also
YUV
MSX2+

Color space
MSX hardware
MSX2+ microcomputer
Kaligandaki Corridor. NH48 or Kaligandaki Corridor () is an under construction  long highway in Nepal starting from Tansen and ending at Korala, the northern part near the Chinese border. It is one of the National Pride Projects. After the completion, about 1 million people of 10 districts will have direct access to motorable road. The road is also predicted to become a trading route between Nepal, India and China.

The route passes though Midhills and Himalayan mountains. Main locality includes Palpa, Syangja, Parbat, Baglung and Muktinath.

The road is being constructed by multiple contractors, including Nepal Army’s Road Construction Division. The project was started on 3 December 2018 and scheduled for completion by December 2021.

The highway NH48 ends and meets NH47 at Tansen and the NH47 further goes to Indo-Nepal border to Belahiya.

See also
List of roads in Nepal
National Pride Projects

References

Highways in Nepal
SS Maj. Stephen W. Pless. USNS Maj. Stephen W. Pless (T-AK-3007), (former SS Maj. Stephen W. Pless (AK-3007)), is the third ship of the  built in 1983. The ship is named after Major Stephen W. Pless, an American Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War.

Construction and commissioning 
The ship was built in 1983 at the Sun Shipbuilding, Chester, Pennsylvania. She was put into the service of Waterman Steamship Corp. as Charles Carroll.

In 1985, she was acquired and chartered by the Navy under a long-term contract as SS Maj. Stephen W. Pless (AK-3007). The ship underwent conversion at the National Steel and Shipbuilding, San Diego.

On 13 December 1990, she unloaded cargos during Operation Desert Shield.

Maj. Stephen W. Pless was put into the Maritime Prepositioning Ship Squadron 3, based in the Indian Ocean. She was later transferred to the Military Sealift Command Surge Sealift as USNS Maj. Stephen W. Pless (T-AK-3007). A mariner fell from the ship which caused a US Navy search party to be sent on 11 February 2014. On 20 February 2016, Maj. Stephen W. Pless anchored off the Gulf of Thailand during Exercise Cobra Gold 2016.

Crowley Government Services Inc. was awarded $14,513,105 to maintain USNS LCPL Roy M. Wheat (T-AK-3016), USNS Sgt. Matej Kocak (T-AK-3005), USNS PFC Eugene A. Obregon (T-AK-3006) and Maj. Stephen W. Pless on 29 September 2020.

On 21 March 2023, Maj. Stephen W. Pless was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register.

References

Sgt. Matej Kocak-class cargo ship
1982 ships
Ships built in Chester, Pennsylvania
Merchant ships of the United States
Gulf War ships of the United States
Materials Science and Engineering B. Materials Science and Engineering: B — Advanced Functional Solid-State Materials  is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the section of Materials Science and Engineering dedicated to "calculation, synthesis, processing, characterization, and understanding of advanced quantum materials" and is published monthly by Elsevier. It aims at providing a leading international forum for material researchers across the disciplines of theory, experiment, and device applications. The current editor-in-chief is Jing Xia (University of California Irvine).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.407.

References

External links
 

Physics review journals
Materials science journals
Elsevier academic journals
Academic journals established in 1993
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Robert McMeeking. Robert Maxwell McMeeking (born May 22, 1950) is a Scottish-born engineer. He is currently Tony Evans Distinguished Professor of Structural Materials and of Mechanical Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara. McMeeking has been widely recognized for his contributions to applied mechanics for which was awarded the 2014 Timoshenko Medal. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, National Academy of Engineering and American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Early life and education 
Robert Maxwell McMeeking was born on May 22, 1950, in Glasgow, Scotland. After graduating from Allan Glen's School, he attended the University of Glasgow, earning a Bachelor of Science in 1972. At the university, he studied under Ian Sneddon; Sneddon recommended McMeeking pursue graduate studies at Brown University, where James R. Rice was teaching at the time. McMeeking earned a M.Sc. and Ph.D. at Brown University in 1974 and 1977, respectively, under the direction of Rice.

Career 
McMeeking held positions at Stanford University and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign before joining the faculty of the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1985. From 1992 to 1995 and 1999 to 2003, McMeeking chaired the university's Department of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering. In 2015, he was named the inaugural Tony Evans Chair in Structural Materials.

In 2014, McMeeking received the Timoshenko Medal in recognition of his "pioneering contributions to broad areas of applied mechanics." The same year, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for “significant contributions in the understanding of how complex materials deform and break and for advancing fundamental engineering knowledge.” He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Honors and awards 

 2015, William Prager Medal, Society of Engineering Science
 2014, Timoshenko Medal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
 2007, Brown Engineering Alumni Medal, Brown University School of Engineering
 2005, Elected member, National Academy of Engineering
 2004, Alexander von Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists
 1998, Elected fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

References

External links 

 

1950 births
Engineers from Glasgow
American people of Scottish descent
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Brown University alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Living people
List of bridges in Srinagar. The city of Srinagar in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, originally had seven wooden bridges across the Jhelum River. The seven bridges  Amira, Habba, Fateh, Zaina, Aali, Nawa and Safa  were constructed between the 15th and 18th century. This number remained unchanged for at least five centuries. In the Kashmiri language, these bridges are known as kadals. Localities around them have been eponymously named.

The old seven bridges are of similar construction and made of Cedrus deodara. Apart from heavy rocks used to add weight to the foundation, the entire bridge was made of wood. A number of passages allow for the flow of water making them considerably strong against water level and flow changes. They have been reconstructed a number of times. In 1841, bridges 3 to 7 were washed away. In 1893, bridges 2 to 7 were washed away.

Bridges across the Jhelum

Other bridges

Oont Kadal 
Oont Kadal (camel bridge) is a 17th century structure located on the Dal Lake. It was restored with Germany's assistance in 2018-2021.

References

Further reading 
Books
 
 

Papers
 
 
 

Articles

External links
HTF5980. The Taian HTF5980 is a large transporter erector launcher used exclusively to carry the DF-41 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. It is the largest known TEL used by the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force and the most powerful in terms of carrying capacity.

Description
The Taian HTF5980 is a 16x16 TEL that specialises in carrying superheavy ICBMs like the aforementioned DF-41s or sometimes the DF-31AG.  It is the first eight-axis self-propelled chassis made in China, equipped with a multi-axis steering system to meet the requirements of high manoeuvrability for a ground vehicle of such size.

Like most TELs made from Taian, it uses an integral welded structure frame, an oil-gas spring independent suspension and a multi-axle group steering and drives in order to achieve a high enough mobility to suit the PLARF.

One key difference of the HTF5980 in comparison to its smaller cousin, the HTF5680A1, is the introduction of a split-cab design. This was in order to accommodate the much larger missile canister of the DF-41 when at rest.

Variants
The HTF5980 itself comes in two varieties, the HTF5980A and HTF5980B, which are the launch vehicles and transport vehicles respectively.

See also
 TAS5380
 WS2400
 MAZ-7310
 HEMTT
 WS2600
 WS21200 
 WS51200

References

Military trucks of China
Military vehicles of the People's Republic of China
High integrity software. High-integrity software is software whose failure may cause serious damage with possible "life-threatening consequences." "Integrity is important as it demonstrates the safety, security, and maintainability of... code." Examples of high-integrity software are nuclear reactor control, avionics software, automotive safety-critical software and process control software.

A number of standards are applicable to high-integrity software, including:
 DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification
 CENELEC EN 50128, Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems
 IEC 61508, Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems (E/E/PE, or E/E/PES)
 ISO 26262, Road Vehicles - Functional Safety (especially 'part 6' of the standard, which is titled "Product development at the software level"

See also
 Safety-critical system
 High availability software
 Formal methods
 Software of unknown pedigree

References

External links
 
 
 

Software by type
Software quality
Safety engineering
Azerbaijan Government CERT. Azerbaijan Computer Emergency Response Team, officially known as Azerbaijan Government CERT (), is a computer emergency response team of the Republic of Azerbaijan responsible for cybersecurity and gathering data concerning information technology. It operates under the Special Communication and Information Security State Service of the government of Azerbaijan. It collects data within its framework from relevant sources, including internet users, computer engineering groups, individuals or organizations and software developers. It coordinates with the foreign countries for gathering and analysing data from cybersecurity incidents involving both software and hardware tools designed for the prevention of internet and computer security.

Azerbaijan CERT develop a framework for suggesting recommendations for software designed to maintain software and hardware tools entrusted with preventing unauthorised access to devices consisting personally identifiable information of the users. It operates within the scope of generalization and issues advisory in addition to providing technical support to users in the country. It also prevents cyberterrorism by spreading cybersecurity awareness. As national computer security agency, it provides assistance to the state governments concerning investigation of the computer incidents.

Duties and responsibilities 
Headquartered in Special Communication & Information Security State Service of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan Computer Emergency Response Team is entrusted with issuing advisory on specific software and hardware tools in collaboration with public and private vendors. It also coordinates with foreign CERTs in information technology sector, including cybercrimes. It also conducts research in collaboration with state authorities for obtaining data on cybersecurity incidents and assists them in preventing cyberattacks and malicious softwares and disruption of IT network systems. The agency is also tasked with preventing denial-of-service attack within the jurisdiction of Azerbaijan.

References

Further reading 
 

2008 establishments in Azerbaijan
Organizations based in Baku
Government agencies established in 2008
Government agencies of Azerbaijan
Computer emergency response teams
Anna Menon. Anna Menon (née Wilhelm; born December 24, 1985) is an American engineer employed by SpaceX as lead space operations and a mission director. She flew on Polaris Dawn, a private human spaceflight mission operated by SpaceX on behalf of Jared Isaacman. During the September 2024 mission, she served as the onboard medical officer and, along with Sarah Gillis, set the record for women traveling farthest from Earth. 

Menon previously worked as a biomedical flight controller at NASA for six years, overseeing operations at the International Space Station before joining SpaceX.

Education 
Menon graduated from Texas Christian University in 2008 with a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics and Spanish. She went on to earn a Master of Science degree in biomedical engineering from Duke University in 2010.

Menon was also a member of the Iota Lambda chapter of Alpha Chi Omega sorority at Texas Christian University.

Career

NASA 
Menon worked at NASA for seven years, and for six of those years she served as a biomedical flight controller for the International Space Station, assisting ISS crews from NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, and leading biomedical operations for Expedition 41 including ISS US EVA's 27 and 28.

SpaceX 
Menon joined SpaceX in July 2018 as a Space Operations Engineer. She was promoted to Lead Space Operations Engineer in November 2019. In her position, she manages the development of crew operations, ensuring that procedures and protocols are in place for astronauts during their missions. She also served in the company's mission control, including during the Demo-2 flight. During Inspiration4, a private spaceflight funded by billionaire Jared Isaacman, she served as technical adviser to the family members of the all-civilian crew, explaining the complexities of spaceflight to loved ones on the ground. Shortly after he returned from space, Isaacman picked Menon to be part of his Polaris Dawn mission. During the mission, Menon served as the on-board medical officer and helped carry out science experiments during the trip.

Personal life 

Anna married NASA astronaut Anil Menon on October 15, 2016, in a ceremony in Houston. They have two children together. Both she and her husband appeared in the final episode of the five-episode television documentary entitled Countdown: Inspiration4 Mission to Space, released on Netflix in September 2021.

References

See also 

 Polaris program

Living people
American astronauts
Commercial astronauts
SpaceX employee astronauts
SpaceX people
NASA people
Inspiration4
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women astronauts
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
Engineers from Houston
Osney Lock Hydro. Osney Lock Hydro is a micro hydroelectric scheme in Oxford, England. It is located on the River Thames, using the head of water provided by the weir at Osney Lock. It can generate  of electricity with its archimedes screw turbine. Between 2015 and 2020 the scheme generated an average of  a year of electricity, which is enough to power around 60 homes.

The scheme is owned and operated by Osney Lock Hydro, an industrial and provident society for the benefit of the community. The idea for the project was first raised in 2002, with construction work starting in the summer of 2013, and the first electricity was generated in May 2015.

References

External links 
Osney Lock Hydro web site

Buildings and structures in Oxford
Hydroelectric power stations in England
Organisations based in Oxford
Power stations in South East England
Structural composite supercapacitor. Structural composite supercapacitors are multifunctional materials that can both bear mechanical load and store electrical energy.  That when combined with structural batteries, could potentially enable an overall weight reduction of electric vehicles.

Typically, structural composite supercapacitors are based on the design of carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Carbon fibers act as mechanical reinforcement, current collectors, and eventually electrodes.

The matrix of a Structural composite supercapacitor is a polymer electrolyte that transfers load via shear mechanisms between the carbon fibers and has a reasonable ionic conductivity.

In a supercapacitor, the specific capacitance is proportional to the exact surface area of the electrodes. Structural carbon fibers usually have low specific surface area, and is therefore necessary to modify their surface to enable sufficient energy storage ability. To increase the surface area of the structural electrodes, several methods have been employed, mainly consisting in the modification of the surface of the carbon fiber itself, or by coating the carbon fiber through a material which covers its entire surface area.

Physical and chemical activation of the carbon fibers have increased their specific surface area by two orders of magnitude without damaging their mechanical properties, but have limited energy storage ability when combined with a structural polymer electrolyte. Coating carbon fibers with carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogel, or graphene nanoplatelets allowed for higher energy densities.

References 

Capacitors
Energy conversion
Electric vehicles
Composite materials
Polaris program. The Polaris program is a private spaceflight program organized by entrepreneur Jared Isaacman. Building on his experience as commander of the Inspiration4 mission—the first all-civilian spaceflight—Isaacman contracted with SpaceX to establish Polaris. The program involves two missions using SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft and is planned to culminate in the first crewed launch on Starship.

Flights

Polaris Dawn 

On 10 September 2024, The Polaris Dawn mission propelled Isaacman and his crew of three—Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon—to an elliptic orbit 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) away from Earth. This was farthest anyone had been from Earth since NASA's Apollo program. They passed through parts of the Van Allen radiation belt to study the health effects of space radiation and spaceflight on the human body. Later in the mission, with a lower apogee, Isaacman and Gillis successfully completed the first commercial spacewalk and tested the mobility and functionality of SpaceX's EVA spacesuit.

Mission II 
The second mission in the Polaris Program will launch via a Falcon 9 Block 5 vehicle with a Crew Dragon capsule. SpaceX and Polaris had studied a crewed mission to lift the Hubble Space Telescope into a higher orbit to prevent it from burning up in the atmosphere, but this option was rejected by NASA in June 2024. Data obtained through Polaris Dawn will inform the objectives and timing of Mission II.

Mission III 
The third Polaris mission was set to be the first crewed launch on Starship, SpaceX's next-generation launch system. Starship was in early flight testing as of December 2024 and was expected to carry crew after making at least 100 successful cargo flights, though this was not a firm requirement. This is the final listed flight of the Polaris Program.

See also 
 Timeline of private spaceflight

Notes

References

External links 

 
 Polaris Program photos on Flickr

2020s in spaceflight
2022 establishments in the United States
Human spaceflight programs
Private spaceflight
SpaceX
SpaceX Starship
Belur Industrial Area. Belur Industrial Area (Abbreviation : BIA)  is an industrial area of the Dharwad city in India and it is one of the biggest industrial areas in Karnataka. lies on the Dharwad-Belgaum Highway. It houses small, medium, and large-scale industries. The industrial area is known for engineering, electrical goods such as: CNC Machine tools, GDC dies & moulds transformers, motors and generators, textile (silk), hydraulics, machine tool industries and Rubber moulding industries.

References

Industrial parks in India
Neighbourhoods in Hubli–Dharwad

Dharwad district
Karnataka
Aircraft Research Association. The Aircraft Research Association (ARA) is an aerodynamics research institute in the north-west of Bedford.

History
The association was founded on 22 January 1952. 14 main British aviation companies funded £1.25m to build a large wind tunnel.

It was first proposed in 1953 to build the site at Stevington, north-east of Bedford. By March 1953, the current site was chosen.

Construction
Work started on Monday 7 September 1953.

The wind tunnel was fabricated by Moreland Hayne of east London.

The transonic tunnel first ran in April 1956.

Visits
The Duke of Edinburgh visited on the morning of Friday 4 May 1956. He had been planning to land by helicopter in the south-east of Bedford, and to be driven from there to the site by car, but weather conditions were unsuitable.

Structure
The site has the largest transonic wind tunnel in the UK, known as the TWT, with speeds up to Mach 1.4, powered by a Sulzer axial compressor. It is 25,000 hp electric-powered.

Wind tunnels
 Supersonic tunnel, Mach 1.4 - 3.5, built in 1958

Two hypersonic tunnels
 Mach 4-5 tunnel, built in 1965
 Mach 7 tunnel, built in 1968

Research
Projects worked on include Concorde, the Harrier and most Airbus aircraft. The Rolls-Royce RB211 was tested there.

The site now works with RUAG of Switzerland.

See also
 Aerospace Technology Institute, in Bedfordshire, launched in 2012 by the government as the UK Aerodynamics Centre
 British Hydromechanics Research Association (BHRA), also in Bedfordshire
 UK Aerospace Research Consortium (UK-ARC), formed in 2018, an alliance of university departments
 List of wind tunnels

References

External links
 ARA Bedford

1952 establishments in the United Kingdom
Aerospace engineering organizations
Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
Engineering research institutes
Organisations based in Bedford
Research institutes established in 1952
Science and technology in Bedfordshire
Technology consortia
Wind tunnels