omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Removable bolt. A removable bolt (or RB), in climbing, is a spring loaded metal camming device used to anchor a person or a load to a rock or cement wall temporarily. Removable Bolts negate the need to install permanent protection bolts to the wall, which can be costly and cause cosmetic damage. RBs are designed for use in bolting new sport climbing routes, setting temporary anchors on traditional routes, and on back-country expeditions where abandoning gear or placing permanent gear is not optimal. RBs are particularly popular when placing permanent bolts on steep walls with limited features, where other means of temporary protection, such as hooks, traditional camming devices, or slings, are not an option. By drilling a hole and inserting an RB, the bolter can ascend higher up on the rock before placing the next permanent piece of protection, thereby leaving a reasonable climbing distance between bolts on the finished route. RBs have also been designed and produced for fall prevention and safety in construction and mining operations.

Originally produced in the mid 1990s, removable bolts were at first reported to become permanently lodged in the rock after anchoring a fall. In the early 2000s, several companies redesigned the RB and the equipment has received positive feedback from users. RBs are used almost exclusively in bolting and cleaning new lines, often steep limestone, which is soft enough to be drilled with relative ease, and is particularly difficult to bolt without some load bearing anchor.

Removable bolts have been designed for particular climbing and industrial circumstances. ClimbTech's Kinder Edition Removable Bolt was designed for climber Joe Kinder, who required an RB that could be used on particularly dirty and moist rock. The additional surface area of the Kinder Edition RB provides better friction in these circumstances, and allowed Kinder and others to establish sport climbs in remote areas where variable rock quality necessitated careful bolt placement.

The typical RB is a 1/2 inch stopper designed to fit into a mechanically drilled hole. Other sizes have been developed, and further customizations continue to appear.

References 

http://www.rockandice.com/lates-news/climbtech-rb-anchor-and-perma-draw
http://www.rockandice.com/lates-news/josh-wharton-the-alpinist
http://www.upskillclimbinggear.com/products/Removable-Bolt.html
http://www.dpmclimbing.com/climbing-videos/watch/climbtech-removable-bolts-rock-climbing
http://www.mountainproject.com/v/removable-bolt-trial-by-fire-by-manufacturer/107502423
http://www.supertopo.com/climbing/thread.php?topic_id=743502
http://www.patrollersupply.com/equipment/item_193.asp
http://www.dpmclimbing.com/articles/view/joe-kinder-bolting-next-generation

Climbing equipment
Terabot-S. The Terabot-S is a platform-agnostic robot manipulator designed by Oceaneering Space Systems in Clear Lake, Texas USA for mobile robotics applications such as first response, military EOD, surveillance, mining, research, and CBRN sampling. Since the Terabot-S is platform agnostic, it can be fitted to virtually any unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) or mobile robotic platform. The manipulator joints have integrated clutches for protection against overloads and are fully sealed against water and dust. The manipulator has a manual, tool-free, quick-release end-effector attachment mount to allow the user to rapidly change end-effectors as needed in the field.

See also 

 UGV
 EOD
 Robot arm
 Manipulator (device)
 Gripper
 MATILDA a military unmanned ground vehicle

References 

Notes
 Terabot-S Website, Oceaneering Space Systems, Author Unknown, Retrieved on May 14, 2013, http://terabot.oceaneering.com
 Robotic Magazine Website, Robot Review: Terabot®-S, Author Unknown, July 30, 2011, http://www.roboticmagazine.com/robot-review/terabot%C2%AE-s
 Robotics Tech Website, "Oceaneering’s New Low-Cost Robotic Manipulator" by cfick, August 8, 2011, http://www.roboticstechc.org/index.php/2011/08/oceaneerings-new-low-cost-robotic-manipulator/#more-825

Robots
Build Your Own Z80 Computer. Build Your Own Z80 Computer: design guidelines and application notes  is a book written by Steve Ciarcia, published in 1981 by McGraw-Hill.

The book explains step-by-step the process of building a computer from the ground up, using the Zilog Z80 8-bit Microprocessors, including building a power supply, keyboard, and interfaces to a CRT terminal and tape drive.

References

External links
 Z8.info Support Pages
 Home-Built Z-80 Computer
 Build Your Own Z80 Computer: design guidelines and application notes by archive.org
 Z-80 Space-Time Productions Single Board Computer
 brainwagon » Build Your Own Z80 Computer
 Blake's Conflabatorium | Z80 Microcomputer
 Commodore Free Issue 67
 
 
 

1981 non-fiction books
Computer books
Electronics books
DIY culture
Z80-based home computers
Inertial balance. An inertial balance is a device that allows the measurement of inertial mass (as opposed to gravitational mass for a regular balance) that can be operated in the microgravity environment space where weight is negligible (e.g. in the International Space Station.) The principle of operation is based on a vibrating spring-mass system. The frequency of vibration will depend on the unknown mass, being higher for lower mass. The object to be measured is placed in the inertial balance, and a manual initial displacement of the spring mechanism starts the oscillation. The time needed to complete a given number of cycles is measured. Knowing the characteristic spring constant and damping coefficient of the spring system, the mass of the object can be computed according to the harmonic oscillator model. Alternatively, a calibration of the device with known masses can be performed, so that the spring constant and any appreciable damping will implicitly be accounted for, and need not be separately known or estimated. See the data analysis PDF under External Links below for a discussion of several calibration approaches.

See also
Mass
Harmonic oscillator

External links
Inertial mass measurement in the International Space Station (dead link?)
NASA's instructions for constructing an inertial balance
Inertial balance demonstration for the physics classroom
Suggestions for inertial balance data analysis
A Java applet for a spring-mass system, with three attached PDFs on SHM, driven/damped oscillation, and a spring-mass system with friction
Measuring instruments
Said Djauharsjah Jenie. Said Djauharsjah Jenie (22 August 1950, Surakarta – July 11, 2008, Bandung) was an Indonesian scientist and teacher. He was the head of The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (AAAT) from 2006 until his death in 2008. He was a member of the Board of Commissioners PT. Indonesian Aerospace.

Said Jenie was one of the key figures behind the success of the maiden flight of aircraft N-250, the first commercial aircraft entirely designed and made in Indonesia. He worked as an educator in the Department of Aerospace Engineering ITB (ITB) as Professor Prodi Engineering Flight. Said was a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and NASA in United States.

Said Jenie died in Bandung Hospital on July 11, 2008, due to heart disease. He was buried in Family Cemetery Sewu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Family 
Jenie married Sadarijah with whom he had two daughters, Asih Nurul Sadarijah and Gita Ismailia Isbandiyah. Said Jenie was the son of Jenie Nahar Minangkabau and Isbandiyah.

Education 

He studied mechanical engineering at Bandung Institute of Technology, graduating in 1969. He holds a master's degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands (1978). He holds a doctorate in astrodynamics in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States (1982)

Career 
 Chief of Flight Test Center N-250 (1995) 
 Deputy Head of BPPT Design Build Industry Technology and Engineering (1998)
 Member of the Board of Commissioners of PT. Indonesian Aerospace (2002)
 Head of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (2006)
 Head of Sumo Community

Awards 
 ASEAN Engineering Awards (1994)
 Bintang Jasa Utama (2007)

References

External links 
  "Said Jenie and engineering Indonesia", Kompas, July 16, 2008
  "Inaugural Ka BPPT to avoid Overlapping", ristek.go.id, 26 April 2006
 Genealogy Djauharsjah Said Jenie

Indonesian scientists
Indonesian schoolteachers
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Minangkabau people
Javanese people
People from Surakarta
1950 births
2008 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
APOPT. APOPT (for Advanced Process OPTimizer) is a software package for solving large-scale optimization problems of any of these forms:

 Linear programming (LP)
 Quadratic programming (QP)
 Quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP)
 Nonlinear programming (NLP)
 Mixed integer programming (MIP)
 Mixed integer linear programming (MILP)
 Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)

Applications of the APOPT include chemical reactors, 
friction stir welding, prevention of hydrate formation in deep-sea pipelines, computational biology, solid oxide fuel cells, and flight controls for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).

Benchmark Testing 

Standard benchmarks such as CUTEr and SBML curated models are used to test the performance of APOPT relative to solvers BPOPT, IPOPT, SNOPT, and MINOS. A combination of APOPT (Active Set SQP) and BPOPT (Interior Point Method) performed the best on 494 benchmark problems for solution speed and total fraction of problems solved.

See also 
 APOPT is supported in AMPL, APMonitor, Gekko, Julia, MATLAB, Pyomo, and Python.

References

External links 
 
 Web interface to solve optimization problems with the APOPT solver
 Download APOPT for AMPL, MATLAB, Julia, Python, or APMonitor

Numerical software
Mathematical optimization software
TU8G. The TU8G (ТУ8Г) is a Soviet, later Russian diesel locomotive for track gauge .

History

The diesel locomotive TU8G () is designed for loading and unloading and also general purpose locomotive for Narrow gauge railways. The TU8G was developed in 1987 - 1988 at the Kambarka Engineering Works to replace the aging locomotive classes TU6D (). The TU8G was designed to be used on any gauge from  – . The cab is equipped with heat-system, refrigerator, radio-set and air conditioning. TU8G № 0022 - 0027 made on the  for the Sakhalin Railway.

Additional specifications
 Carrying capacity of motor-car platform -  ()
 Crane - hydraulic with moving remote control
 Carrying capacity -  ()
 Angle of rotation (of crane) - 360°
 Max. boom-out (of crane) - 
 Number of seats in the cabin - 6
 Distance between bogies - 
 Base of bogies -

See also
Kambarka Engineering Works
Narrow gauge railways

References

External links

 Series locomotives (Russian language)
 TU8G diesel locomotive (Russian language)

750 mm gauge locomotives
Diesel locomotives of the Soviet Union
Diesel locomotives of Russia
Diesel locomotives of Ukraine
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Masamine Sumitani. was a Japanese swordsmith.

Sumitani's family ran a soy-sauce manufacturing business, but rather than entering the family trade, Masamine opted to study at Ritsumeikan University, with a view to becoming a swordsmith, graduating in 1941 with a degree in mechanical engineering. After his graduation, Sumitani remained at Kyoto, studying (alongside Masayuki Nagare) under Sakurai Masayuki. When the University's sword studio was destroyed in a fire in 1942, Sumitani moved to Onomichi to continue his education at the Foundation of National Japanese Sword Studies and the Kokoku Japanese Sword Temper Workshop there.

Sumitani settled in Mattō, Ishikawa. He worked in the Bizen tradition, and was noted for his choji midare or "clove patterns" along the hamon of his blades. As well as swords, Sumitani also specialised in the forging of tosu knives and was a practitioner of bachiru.

In 1975 he co-founded the Zen Nihon Toshokai ("Japanese Swordsmith's Association"), and served as the group's Vice-Secretary.

Awards and recognitions
Sumitani won numerous prizes in national competitions, including the 1972 Kunzan Award and the Masamune Prize (the highest award) at the Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai contest in 1966, 1965 and 1974. He was given the status of mukansa, meaning that his work was no longer subject to judgement in competition.
In 1979, he was recognised as a Living National Treasure.

References

Japanese swordsmiths
Living National Treasures of Japan
1921 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Japanese people
People from Ishikawa Prefecture
Thermal work limit. Thermal work limit (TWL) is an index defined as the maximum sustainable metabolic rate that well-hydrated, acclimatized individuals can maintain in a specific thermal environment within a safe deep body core temperature (< ) and sweat rate (<  per hour). The index is designed for self-paced workers and does not rely on estimation of actual metabolic rates. The index has been introduced into the United Arab Emirates and Australia, resulting in a substantial fall in the incidence of heat illness in the latter.

History 
The idea of a thermal work limit (TWL) was developed by Graham Bates and Derrick Brake in 1997. TWL and its management protocols have been introduced into several industrial operations where workers are subject to thermal stress. Since the introduction of TWL-based policies in the Australian mining industry, the amount of man-hours lost due to serious heat illness has fallen from 12 million to 6 million, and the amount lost due to all heat illness incidences has fallen from 31 million to 18 million.

Theory 
The thermal work limit index calculates the maximum metabolic rate, in watts of metabolic heat per square meter of body surface area, that can be continuously expended in a particular thermal environment in order to keep the body within safe physiological limits. The TWL is an integrated measure of the dry-bulb, wet-bulb, wind speed, and radiant heat. From these variables and taking into consideration the type of clothing worn and the acclimatization state of the worker, the TWL predicts the maximum level of work that can be carried out in a given environment without workers exceeding a safe core body temperature  and sweat rate. 

Sweat rates are also calculated, so the level of fluid replacement necessary to avoid dehydration can be calculated. The thermal work limit algorithm builds on work originated by Mitchell and Whillier who developed an index "specific cooling power", which subsequently became known as "air cooling power" (ACP).

Application 

The TWL has been included in the Abu Dhabi EHSMS code of practice. If TWL is too low, then work cannot be carried out continuously.

References 

Safety equipment
Occupational safety and health
Collaro. Collaro was the name of a major early British manufacturer of gramophones, record players, and tape decks, throughout the early years of sound reproduction.

Collaro Ltd was founded in 1920 by Christopher Collaro at 23 Garway Road, London, and became a private company in 1924. The company moved to the Culmore Works, Culmore Road, Peckham, London in 1926.

During World War II the company was engaged in munitions work and temporarily relocated to the Valley Works, Langley Mill, Derbyshire when its London factory was bombed.

In 1948 the company moved to the Ripple Works, By-Pass Road, Barking, Essex.

In 1961 it was described as the largest manufacturers of record changers in the United Kingdom, and also manufactured fan heaters.  In 1960 it was reported in US publication 'Billboard' that the President of the American Magnavox corporation, Frank Freimann had announced the 'acquisition' of Collaro, along with managing director of Collaro, Isaac Wolfson. However, he is also reported as noting that "the linking of the two firms carries not only product but distribution ramifications," which suggests some sort of cooperative alliance with acquisition of selling rights rather than a total 'buy-out'. Isaac Wolfson, a major British industrialist, was at the time also the head of Great Universal Stores, a large chain of retail outlets throughout Britain, Continental Europe, and the British Empire, suggesting perhaps that an earlier link-up took place between Wolfson and the originators of Collaro. The record decks comprised the mechanical unit incorporating a turntable and pickup, without electronics, and were built into many manufactured and home-constructed record players of the time. Magnavox were acquired by Philips in 1974.

The Collaro Transcriptor, and Collaro Studio were tape decks (mechanisms without associated electronics) that were incorporated into many home tape recorders at the time.  Unlike some other makes of deck, they accommodated 7-inch tape reels, rather than 5.75-inch, giving longer playing time, and had three speeds selectable up to 7.5 inches/second.

See also
 List of phonograph manufacturers

References

External links
 http://www.radiomuseum.org/dsp_hersteller_detail.cfm?company_id=8303

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Phonograph manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies based in London
Pfadt Race Engineering. Pfadt Race Engineering is an engineering firm situated in Salt Lake City, Utah.

History 
The company subsequently introduced new suspension lines for the Camaro and Cadillac ATS. Additionally, it launched exhaust headers specifically designed for the Corvette and Camaro. Under the leadership of Pfadt and the newly established Advanced Control Engineering division, the company formed a partnership with Advanced Flow Engineering (AFE), headquartered in Corona, California.

Awards 
In 2011, Pfadt Race Engineering was ranked #16 on the Utah 100 list of fastest-growing companies by the Mountain West Capital Network. In 2012, Pfadt Race Engineering achieved a ranking of #59 on the same list.

Partnerships 
The company initially focused on developing suspension components for the C5 and C6 Chevrolet Corvette models. It later expanded its product line to include the fifth-generation Chevrolet Camaro.

In 2010, Aaron Pfadt and Johnny O'Connell collaborated to introduce a new Corvette suspension line, incorporating O'Connell's signature and design input.

Following the acquisition by Advanced Flow Engineering, Pfadt Race Engineering released suspension components, which were manufactured in Corona, California, designed for BMW vehicles. The company also introduced a suspension package tailored for Ford Mustang vehicles.

Transition to AFE 
The re-branded company began operations in August 2014 and initiated product shipments. Following the transition, the company introduced new product offerings for BMW and Mustang.

References 

Automotive part retailers of the United States
The Big Bang Fair. The Big Bang UK Young Scientists and Engineers Fair was founded 2009. The Big Bang Fair is the United Kingdom’s largest celebration of STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) for young people, and is one of the largest youth events in the UK. The Fair takes place annually in June. 

The Big Bang programme exists to bring science and engineering to life for young people. The Big Bang mission is to showcase surprising possibilities and connect young people to inspiring role models in STEM.

It is led by EngineeringUK in partnership with over 200 organisations across government, industry, education and the wider science and engineering community.

Since 2014, The Big Bang Fair has been hosted in the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. The Big Bang Fair consists of hands-on activities, workshops and live shows, designed to inform and inspire young people aged 11 to 14 to learn more about careers in science, engineering and technology. 

In 2024, The Big Bang Fair will take place on 19 to 21 June.

Criticism 
The Big Bang Fair has been criticised by NGOs such as the Campaign Against the Arms Trade and Friends of the Earth due to the heavy involvement of arms manufacturers and fossil fuel companies at the event. The event has been described as being a PR stunt rather than being a genuine attempt to educate children and get them involved in STEM in future. Furthermore it has also been criticised for presenting a "distorted view of the value of science" in reference to the involvement of arms manufacturers and oil companies.

References

External links

Annual events in the United Kingdom
Engineering education in the United Kingdom
Science events in the United Kingdom
Science exhibitions
Science festivals
Youth science
Phil Ligrani. Phillip Meredith Ligrani is a Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.  He is also the Eminent Scholar in Propulsion Research Center.

Career

Ligrani was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming. After receiving his Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1974, he pursued his graduate studies at Stanford University where he received  his master's degree in 1975 and his PhD in 1980. His doctoral dissertation was entitled The thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour of thick, roughwall, turbulent boundary layers. After completing his PhD he spent several years in Europe, first in a temporary faculty position at the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics in Belgium and then as a visiting senior research fellow at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London. He returned to the United States in 1984, where he was an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, a position he held until 1992. He joined the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of Utah in 1992 and became a full professor there in 1997.

From 2006 through 2009 Ligrani was the Donald Schultz Professor of Turbomachinery in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford. During that time he also served as the director of Oxford's Rolls-Royce UTC (University Technology Centre) in Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics and as professorial fellow at St Catherine's College, Oxford. He returned to the US in 2010, when he was appointed to the Oliver L. Parks Endowed Chair at Saint Louis University's Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology.

In September 2014 Ligrani was appointed eminent scholar in propulsion and professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.

Research
Ligrani has published extensively in the field of propulsion and fluid dynamics. His research has focused on turbomachinery, convective heat transfer, fluid mechanics, microfluidics, fractionation and separation science. As of 2017, he has authored or co-authored more than 173 publications in scientific journals and nine book chapters and holds three active patents. He has also served as a consultant to various government agencies and aerospace companies on a range of projects related to aerospace propulsion and energy conversion.

References

External links
Google Scholar profile
 
 Steele, Jim  (14 October 2015). "UAH building $2 million wind tunnel". University of Alabama in Huntsville 
 University of Alabama in Huntsville. Mechanical & Aerospace Department: Research
 ResearchGate profile

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Saint Louis University faculty
University of Alabama in Huntsville faculty
Laleli Dam. The Laleli Dam is an embankment dam, currently under construction near the town of Laleli on the Çoruh River in Erzurum Province, Turkey. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production. The dam, which will power a 99 MW power station, will also flood several villages to include Laleli. The dam's reservoir will stretch east into Bayburt Province.

References

External links

Dams in Erzurum Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
Dams on the Çoruh River
Dams under construction
Rock-filled dams