omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stet (short story). "Stet" (stylized STET) is a science fiction short story by Sarah Gailey, about self-driving cars. It was first published in Fireside Magazine in October 2018.

Synopsis

Rather than being a narrative, "Stet" is presented as a scientific paper analyzing the principles by which self-driving cars make decisions. The paper is interspersed with suggestions to remove or change content which the journal editor finds inappropriate, to each of which the paper's author responds "stet".

Reception

"Stet" was a finalist for the 2019 Hugo Award for Best Short Story and the 2019 Locus Award for Best Short Story.

At Boing Boing, Cory Doctorow described it as "a beautiful piece of innovative storytelling" and "a wonderful gem".

References

External links
Text of the story, at Fireside Fiction

Science fiction short stories
2018 short stories
Self-driving cars
Color Developing Agent 3. The third in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-3, is chemically known as N-[2-[(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl]methanesulfonamide Sesquisulfate Monohydrate.  In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule.  CD-3 is used in many processes including VNF-1
and the E-6 process.

See also
 Color Developing Agent 1
 Color Developing Agent 2
 Color Developing Agent 4

References

Photographic chemicals
Anilines
Ministry of Public Works (Japan). The  was a cabinet-level ministry in the Daijō-kan system of government of the Meiji period Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1885. It is also sometimes referred to as the “Ministry of Engineering” or “Ministry of Industry”.

History 
The Cabinet officially decided to establish the Public Works (Kobu Sho) on December 12, 1870, by the advice of Edmund Morel, chief engineer of the Railway Department to achieve rapid social and industrial development.

Morel intended to found the Public Works which develop social and industrial infrastructure, while leading cabinet members wanted an engine to drive rapid industrialization. Through long arguments initiated by Hirobumi Ito and Yozo Yamao, on September 28, 1871, the Meiji government eventually formed the Public Works with 11 departments, which were mostly transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs (Minbu Sho)). It included railroads, shipyards, lighthouses, mines, an iron and steel industry, telecommunication, civil works, manufacturing, industrial promotion, engineering institution and survey. As the civil works and survey department were soon transferred to other ministries, the public works were oriented to industrial development with help of foreign advisors and engineers for a whole.

The public works employed a large number of foreign officers, so called Oyatoi, and their high salaries got heavy burden for the government. They were gradually replaced by Japanese engineers who were produced by the Imperial College of Engineering.

References 

Classical Japan
Public Works
Meiji era
Henney Motor Company. Henney Motor Company was an American manufacturer of limousine, hearse, ambulance, and taxicab bodies in Freeport, Illinois from 1927 to 1954. Some operations were moved to Canastota, New York to make an electric car, the Henney Kilowatt but the factory closed when partner National Union Electric Corp found it impossible to manufacture the batteries for the planned price.

See also

References

Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers
Coachbuilders of the United States
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
1927 establishments in Illinois
Manufacturing companies established in 1927
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
Color Developing Agent 4. The fourth in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films, commonly known as CD-4, is chemically known as 4-(N-Ethyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylphenylenediamine sulfate.  In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal, the oxidized developing agent combines with a color coupler to form a color dye molecule.

See also
 Color Developing Agent 1
 Color Developing Agent 2
 Color Developing Agent 3

References

Photographic chemicals
Anilines
Pam Fredman. Pam Fredman (born 13 May 1950, in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish professor of neuroscience and former rector of the University of Gothenburg. From 2016, Fredman is the President of the International Association of Universities

Biography
Fredman graduated with a Master of Science in Chemical Engineering at Chalmers University of Technology in 1973 and a Doctor of Philosophy in Neurochemistry in 1979. Her thesis is titled ”Structure and Function of Gangliosides”.

Between 1995 and 1997 she was head of the Department of Clinical Neurosciences.

She was appointed in 1997 as a professor of neurology at the University of Gothenburg, and became vice-Dean of the Faculty of Medicine between 1997-1998. She continued to have several executive positions within the Sahlgrenska Academy.

Between 2003-2006 Fredman was the director and dean of the Sahlgrenska Academy. On July 1, 2006, she was rector of the University of Gothenburg, a position she held until July 1, 2017.

Fredman has been a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences since 2008.

Vice-Chancellor of the University of Gothenburg from 2006-2017.  As vice-Chancellor, Fredman was the head of the University and its principal representative.

Fredman has also been a board member for several organizations, including the Swedish Medical Research Council (from 1999-2003), the International Society of Neurochemistry (1995-1999) and Federation of European Neuroscience (1996-2001)

From 2016, Fredman is the President of the International Association of Universities.

Fredman sat on the board of the Swedish University and Higher Education Association, SUHF, between 2007 and 2014, and was its chairman 2009–2014.

Freedman has over 100 publications and 4700 citations.

Honors and awards
Freedman has won the following awards:
 ESN Young Honorary Lecturer, 1982
 The Fernström prize for promising young researchers, 1994

References

Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1950 births
Swedish neuroscientists
Academic staff of the University of Gothenburg
Rectors of the University of Gothenburg
Swedish women neuroscientists
Living people
Lancair Barracuda. The Lancair Barracuda is an American amateur-built aircraft produced by Lancair of Uvalde, Texas. It was introduced at AirVenture in July 2018. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The design is a development of the Lancair Legacy, employing a one-piece wing with greater span.

Design and development
The Barracuda was designed to provide more speed, with simplified kit construction over earlier models.

The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, partially or optionally fully retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from composite material, including e-glass, carbon fiber with a  Nomex honeycomb core. Its  span wing has a double taper planform and mounts Fowler flaps. The standard engine used is the  Lycoming IO-390, with the  Continental IO-550-N powerplant optional. The cockpit is  wide and  high and the roll rate is 150 degrees per second.

The kit includes the airframe, engine, propeller and the avionics, usually the Garmin G3X Touch glass cockpit flight display and GTN-750 GPS, airband VHF radio, multifunction display.

The kit purchase price includes Lancair's basic two-week Builder Assistance program.

Operational history
The first customer-completed Barracuda was displayed at Sun 'n Fun, in April 2019.

Specifications (Barracuda)

References

External links

Lancair aircraft
2010s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2018
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Rubin Braunstein. Rubin Braunstein (1922–2018) was an American physicist and educator. In 1955 he published the first measurements of light emission by semiconductor diodes made from crystals of gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), and indium phosphide (InP). GaAs, GaSb, and InP are examples of III-V semiconductors. The III-V semiconductors absorb and emit light much more strongly than silicon, which is the best-known semiconductor. Braunstein's devices are the forerunners of contemporary LED lighting and semiconductor lasers, which typically employ III-V semiconductors. The 2000 and 2014 Nobel Prizes in Physics were awarded for further advances in closely related fields.

Early life & education 
Braunstein was raised in New York City. He earned a doctorate in physics from Syracuse University in 1954.

Career 
After university, he joined the research laboratory of the RCA Corporation, which was among the most active industrial laboratories at the time. In the following decade at RCA Laboratories he published broadly on semiconductor physics and technology. Beyond his seminal work with light emission from III-V semiconductors, in 1964 he exploited newly invented lasers to publish the first paper on two-photon absorption in semiconductors. Typically, only individual photons (particles of light) with some minimum energy are absorbed by a given semiconductor. For very high intensity beams of light, two photons, each with half that minimum energy, can be absorbed simultaneously. He also published highly cited foundation papers on the electronic, optical, and vibrational properties of III-V semiconductors, silicon, and germanium.

In 1964 Braunstein became a professor of physics at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he remained for the rest of his career. His research there continued his RCA work with optoelectronic properties of semiconductors as well as contributions related to the optical properties of highly transparent materials such as tungstate glasses. Some of Braunstein's work was theoretical, including the proposal that neutral atoms could be scattered by a sufficiently intense standing wave of light. Since light is an electromagnetic wave, it had long been known that charged particles like electrons would be scattered. The effect with neutral atoms is much weaker, but was finally observed nearly 20 years after the proposal of Braunstein and his co-authors.

Braunstein was selected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1964.

See also
Light-emitting diode#History
List of Syracuse University people

References

Further reading

. Family video.
Herbert Kroemer, whose office at RCA adjoined Braunstein's and who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics, has told an anecdote about Braunstein's early use of an infrared emitting GaAs diode to transmit information. See 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
Semiconductor physicists
Light-emitting diode pioneers
Syracuse University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
1922 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Hans Gugelot. Hans Gugelot (1 April 1920 – 10 September 1965) was an Indonesian-born, German engineer and industrial designer known for his modernist consumer products.

Life and work 

Johan Gugelot was born on 1 April 1920 in Makassar, Dutch East Indies to Dutch parents.

He completed his early education in Laren and Hilversum, North Holland.

In 1934, the Gugelot family moved to Davos, Switzerland for Hans's father's job as a physician.

Between 1940 and 1942 Gugelot studied architecture in Lausanne, and graduated as an architect from Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich in 1946.

Until 1948 he worked as an architect for a number of architects. In 1947, he married.

In 1948, Gugelot was hired by Max Bill, for whom he created his first furniture designs.

In 1950 he founded his own office and began work on the design of the "M125" shelving and storage system for Bofinger, a product for which he later became known.

Gugelot is closely identified with Hochschüle für Gestaltung (HfG) in Ulm, Germany. Another influential work of his from this period is the "Ulm Stool", which he designed in collaboration with Max Bill.

In 1954, Gugelot met Erwin Braun, then-head of German consumer product company, Braun. Throughout the remainder of the decade, he created a number of designs for the company such as the Braun SK 4 radiogram (known as "Snow White's Coffin"), which he designed with Dieter Rams and Herbert Lindinger.

He also designed a slide projector (the Carousel-S, a professional model sold only in Germany) for Kodak in 1962. The design is held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), in New York. Gugelot died of a heart attack in 1965.

Gallery

References

Further reading

1920 births
1965 deaths
Dutch industrial designers
German industrial designers
People from Makassar
Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies
Dutch emigrants to Germany
Product designers
ETH Zurich alumni
Tallberg Bridges. The  Tallberg Bridges  (Tallbergsbroarna in Swedish) consist of three railway bridges that cross the Öre River at Slätforsen, about 4 km from Nyåker, Nordmaling Municipality in Sweden. They are part of the Northern Main Line through upper Norrland. One of the bridges has been rebuilt for road traffic. The three bridges show how bridge construction has changed over the course of a century.

Details
The oldest bridge is a steel truss bridge built in 1891, now a road bridge. The concrete bridge from 1919 has been declared a historic monument.

The first bridge was built to allow the rail line to head north; it is made of steel and is 180m long (it is now a road bridge). As the power of steam locomotives increased, a sturdier bridge was needed. A reinforced concrete structure was built in 1919, 140m downstream, towering 90m over the river. The third and final bridge was built of steel and concrete, opening in 1994. It is 338m long, the longest bridge on the rail line.

1891 Bridge
This bridge is a steel truss bridge, with four suspended parabolic trusses (each of a different length), for a total span of 164m. It now serves as the road bridge over the river.

1919 Bridge
Completed in 1919, this bridge has four arches. When built, it was the longest concrete span for rail traffic.

1994 Bridge
Completed in 1994, it is used for rail traffic. Composed of six sections, the bridge was built with concrete and steel.

References 

Railway bridges in Sweden
Nanyang Institute of Technology. The Nanyang Institute of Technology (NYIST) is a public undergraduate college in Nanyang City, Henan Province, China. The school has 19 teaching colleges, covering nine departments of science, engineering, management, literature, economics, education, law, medicine, and art. There are more than 20,000 full-time students and students.

History

See also 
Expressways of Henan
China National Highways
Expressways of China
Henan
 Nanyang 
Wolong District
Wancheng District
 Nanyang Institute of Technology
 Nanyang Normal University
 Nanyang Medical College
 Henan Polytechnic Institute
 Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture
 List of universities and colleges in Henan

References

Universities and colleges in Nanyang, Henan
Universities and colleges established in 1912
1912 establishments in China
SR Lord Nelson Class 850 Lord Nelson. Southern Railway (SR) No. 850 Lord Nelson (originally E850, BR no. 30850) is a preserved British steam locomotive of the Lord Nelson class. It forms part of the United Kingdom's National Railway Collection.

Overview 

850 was built at Eastleigh Works in 1926 to a design by R E L Maunsell, as the prototype for the sixteen-strong Lord Nelson class, and named after Horatio Nelson.

The Southern Railway became part of British Railways (BR) in 1948 through nationalisation, and was renumbered 30850. Under BR the class were given the power classification 7P. It was withdrawn in August 1962. It was preserved as part of the National Railway Collection, and is the sole survivor of the class.  It has run in preservation, including on the main line, where its TOPS number is 98750. Its boiler certification expired in 2015.

External links 
 

Preserved Southern Railway steam locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1926
individual locomotives of Great Britain
4-6-0 locomotives
Robert Westwater. Dr Robert Westwater OBE FRSE FIME (7 September 1908– 2 October 1982) was a Scottish mining engineer and explosives expert. He was President of the Mining Institute of Scotland 1965/66. He was known to friends and colleagues as Bob Westwater.

Life
He was born in the mining town of Lochgelly in central Fife on 7 September 1908, the eldest of four children of John C. Westwater, a coalminer from a long line of coalminers. He was educated at Lochgelly Public School then Dunfermline High School.

He was apprenticed to the Lochgelly Iron and Coal Company around 1923 under Wallace Thorneycroft and George Arthur Mitchell. They encouraged him to train as a mining engineer and he went to the University of Edinburgh to study formally, graduating with a BSc in 1929. He then returned for a few years to Lochgelly before obtaining a post in the Explosives Division of ICI in 1934. In this role he would have played a significant contribution during the Second World War. In 1954 he became Assistant Manager and in 1955 became Manager of the Explosives Section of ICI.

He received an honorary doctorate (PhD) from the University of Edinburgh in 1954. In 1960 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Robert McAdam, Hugh Bryan Nisbet, James Pickering Kendall, and Sir Edmund Hirst. He received an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1966.

He died at home, 62 Caledonia Road in Saltcoats in Ayrshire on 2 October 1982.

Family
In 1937 he married Phyllis Normand.

Publications
The Use of Explosives for Demolition (1955) with D H Brook
Mining Explosives (1958) with Robert McAdam

References

1908 births
1982 deaths
People from Lochgelly
People educated at Dunfermline High School
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish mining engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Bulldog forceps. A bulldog forceps, clamp or serrefine is a type of forceps which is used in surgery.  It has serrated jaws and a spring action so that it will grip and hold sutures, tissues or vessels.  The spring may be weak or the jaws sheathed in a soft material so that the item being gripped is not crushed too severely.

Forceps of this general type were designed by particular surgeons including Johann Dieffenbach and Robert Liston.

References

Medical clamps
Karina Morgenstern. Karina Morgenstern (born 12 February 1968 in Bonn) is a German physicist. She is a professor of physical chemistry at the Ruhr University Bochum.

Education 

She studied physics and computer science at the universities of Bonn and Knoxville. She was awarded a diploma in physics in 1993 (Forschungszentrum Jülich and University of Bonn), and a diploma in computer science in 1994 (GMD Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik and University of Bonn). She then   obtained a doctoral degree in surface physics in 1996 (Forschungszentrum Jülich and University of Bonn) and completed her habilitation in experimental physics in 2002 (Free University of Berlin).

Career 

Morgenstern  was a researcher at the University of Aarhus in 1996, then at the University of Lausanne from 1996 to 1999 and at the Free University of Berlin from 1999 to 2003. She then became a professor of solid state physics at the University of Hannover in 2005 and from 2012 she was a professor of physical chemistry at the Ruhr University Bochum.
Since 2018, she has been the director of the DFG graduate school "Confinement-controlled Chemistry" and the dean of the department of chemistry and biochemistry.

Awards and fellowships 
 Günther Leibfried Prize 1997 of Forschungszentrums Jülich for an outstanding doctoral thesis.
 Hertha Sponer Prize 2002 of the German Physical Society for dynamic scanning tunneling microscopy of nanostructures, which she also dealt with in her thesis.
 Heisenberg fellowship 2003–2005 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Selected bibliography

References

External links 

Webpage of her chair in Bochum (including CV)

Living people
1968 births
University of Bonn alumni
Free University of Berlin alumni
Academic staff of Ruhr University Bochum
German women physicists
Academic staff of the University of Hanover
German expatriates in Denmark
German expatriates in Switzerland
Cumulus 28. The Cumulus 28, also called the Albin Cumulus, is a Swedish sailboat that was designed by Peter Norlin as a cruiser-racer and first built in 1978.

Production
The design was built by Albin Marine in Sweden from 1978 to 1985, with 567 examples completed. The company also built boats in Taiwan. In 2008 the brand was sold to Bladen Composites in the United States.

Design
The Cumulus 28 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim. It has a 7/8 fractional sloop rig with aluminum spars, a deck-stepped mast with wire standing rigging. The hull has a raked stem, a reverse transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The design has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted. The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The boat's galley is located on the port side of the cabin at the bottom of the companionway steps. On the port side is a stainless steel sink and a three-burner alcohol stove. The head has a privacy door and is located forward, just aft of the bow "V"-berth and has a hanging locker. Additional sleeping space is provided by the dinette settee, which has a folding table. There is also a quarter berth aft on the starboard side, for a total sleeping accommodation for five people.

Ventilation is provided by an acrylic forward hatch and two ventilators, while the cabin ports are fixed.

The boat has internally-mounted halyards and includes jiffy reefing. The cockpit has two self-tailing genoa winches, with the genoa blocks track-mounted. The spinnaker also uses its own tracks and car. There is a standard 4:1 boom vang and 4:1 mainsheet. There is an anchor well in the bow.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Alerion Express 28
Aloha 28
Beneteau First 285
Cal 28
Catalina 28
Grampian 28
Hunter 28
Hunter 28.5
Hunter 280
J/28
O'Day 28
Pearson 28
Sabre 28
Sea Sprite 27
Sirius 28
Tanzer 28
TES 28 Magnam
Viking 28

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Peter Norlin
Sailboat types built by Albin Marine