omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pierre Castan. Pierre Castan (born 17 August 1899 in Bern, died 12 September 1985 in Geneva) was a Swiss chemist, who was one of the pioneers of epoxy resins with Paul Schlack.

Dr. Piere Castan was promoted to the University of Geneva and was initially a chemist in the dye industry and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Viticulture in Lausanne. From 1936 he developed synthetic resins for dental prosthesis at the De Trey AG brothers in Zurich. At the same time, he developed epoxy resins (From reaction between epichlorohydrin with diphenols), which he applied for in Switzerland in 1938 (granted 1940) (without knowing of Schlack's simultaneous development in Germany). They were suitable as varnish and adhesive. Castan developed them further with several further patents in the 1940s for different applications and in different variants. In 1943, Ciba took over the patents and produced a metal adhesive (Araldit 1946). In 1950 he went to the Stella AS varnish factory in Geneva, where he became technical director. After retirement, he was director of the FATIPEC Congress in 1970 and was an honorary member of the Swiss Society of Chemical Paints and Dyes. In 1982 he received the Jaubert Prize from the University of Geneva. He died in 1985 after a long illness.

Literature 
 Process for the manufacture of thermosetting synthetic resins by the polymerization of alkylene oxide derivatives (US 2444333 A) 
 Winfried Pötsch u.a. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker, Harri Deutsch 1989
 Sur la glucosane
 Sur le chlorure d'α‐glucosyle et sur un nouveau disaccharide (α‐glucosido‐glucose)

External links 
 Plastics Historical Society
 Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
 Ronny Marc Konrad, Brasilianische Webseite über die Ursprünge von Epoxidharz, Portal Pisos Industriais (Screenshot from 26. August 2014 in Web Archive Website archive.is)

References 

1985 deaths
Swiss chemists
1899 births
Bangladesh Railway Class 2600. Bangladesh Railway Class 2600 is one of the most frequently used meter-gauge diesel electric locomotive classes of Bangladesh Railway. It is considered one of the strongest and most reliable locomotive classes among the fleet of Bangladesh Railway. These locomotives have been in service since 1988. Currently, Bangladesh Railway has a total of 16 locomotives of this class. These 16 locomotives are being used in both passenger services and freight services. All of them are in good condition.

Builders details 

The Class 2600 locomotives are built by General Motors Diesel at its London, Ontario plant, Canada. These 16 locomotives came to Bangladesh in 3 phases.

Technical details 
Class 2600 is a 1500 hp locomotive using the EMD 645 diesel engine. The Electro Motive Division export model of this locomotive is GT18L-2. The wheel arrangement of this locomotive is A1A-A1A. This locomotive can speed up to 107 km/h with passenger trains. Class 2600 locomotives have a similar specification to Bangladesh Railway Class 2900 locomotives.

The Bangladesh Railway specification of this locomotive is 'M.E.G -15'. Here - M stands for meter-gauge, E Stands for diesel electric, G stands for General Motors and 15 stands for locomotive horsepower (x100).

Usage 

The Class 2600 locomotive can be used both for passenger services and freight services. In the early days, the Class 2600 locomotive was highly recommended for prominent Bangladeshi trains like Subarna Express, Mohanagar Express, Parabat Express etc. Currently, Class 2600 locomotives are mostly used for freight trains.

The Class 2600 locomotive is considered as efficient for freight services as any other meter-gauge locomotive of Bangladesh Railway. It pulls containers, oil tankers and other departmental freight trains regularly across the country.

Maintenance 
Class 2600 locomotives are maintained in the following workshops:

Central Locomotive Workshop (CLW) at Parbatipur, Dinajpur.
Diesel Workshop at Pahartali, Chittagong.

See also
 Transport in Bangladesh
 Parabat Express
 Kalni Express
 Lalmoni Express
 Bangladesh Railway Class 2000
 Bangladesh Railway Class 2900

References

Diesel locomotives of Bangladesh
Railway locomotives introduced in 1988
A1A-A1A locomotives
General Motors Diesel locomotives
Metre gauge diesel locomotives
Vignan's Institute of Information Technology. Vignan's Institute Of Information Technology is one of the engineering institutions run by the Vignan group of Guntur. It was established in 2002 to offer undergraduate (B. Tech) (college code:L3) courses in engineering and technology. It is situated in Duvvada, a suburban region of Visakhapatnam, India.

Rankings 
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the university between 201-300 in the engineering rankings in 2024.

Library facility
This college has a good library named vignan dhara it has all volumes related to all study departments

Location 
Vignan Vizag, Duvvada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,.

References 

Vignan's Institute Of Information Technology
VIIT declared autonomous, to offer new job-oriented courses
https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-09-20/Vignans-Institute-of-Information-Technology-holds-awareness-programme-on-employability/413032 Vignan's Institute of Information Technology holds awareness programme on employability
"Yuvtarang 2k17 to be held at Duvvada on January 7, 8"

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Visakhapatnam
2002 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2002
Yakovlev Ya-21. The Yakovlev Ya-21, (aka UT-21, No.21 or No.25), was a single-seat high-speed sport aircraft / fighter-trainer designed and built in the Soviet Union in the late 1930s.

Design and development
The Ya-21 was derived from the Yakovlev UT-1, in similar fashion to the Yakovlev AIR-18, by replacing the Shvetsov M-11 radial with an imported  Renault 6Q-01 inverted 6-cylinder in-line engine. The rear cockpit was enclosed with an aft-sliding canopy, a fixed trousered and spatted undercarriage with spring steel tail-skid was fitted, as well as split flaps and a fixed, forward firing, synchronised 7.62mm ShKAS machine gun in the forward fuselage decking. Plans for re-engining the Ya-25 with a Kossov MG-31F 9-cylinder radial engine were cancelled, due to changing priorities of the customer.

The sole Ya-21 was converted into the No.25 prototype by substituting the imported Renault with a  Voronezh MV-6 (Renault Bengali copy). The cockpit also differed in having opaque side panels and no sliding hood, with a deeper windshield to house the gunsight.

Production of both the Ya-21 or No.25 was not implemented due to the Yakovlev OKB focusing on combat aircraft, such as the Yakovlev BB-22 and Yakovlev I-26.

Variants
Ya-21(aka UT-21, No. 21) The sole prototype ( of two intended) fighter-trainer / high-speed sport aircraft powered by a  Renault 6Q-01 engine.
No.25The Ya-21 converted to have open cockpit and powered by a  Voronezh MV-6 engine.

Specifications (Ya-21)

References

1930s Soviet sport aircraft
Ya-21
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Shape Modeling International. Shape Modeling International (SMI), also known as International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications is an annual symposium  whose goal is to promote the dissemination of new mathematical theories and novel computational techniques for modeling, simulating, and processing digital shape representations. Initiated in 1997 by Tosyiasu L. Kunii and Bianca Falcidieno, the symposium became an annual event in 2001 after its merge with the Eurographics / ACM SIGGRAPH Workshop on Implicit Surfaces. The venue of the symposium rotates in turn among Asia, Europe and America.

Overview
Since 2009, proceedings of SMI are published by Elsevier as a special issue of the Computers & Graphics journal. Proceedings until the year 2010 are available at DPLP, computer.org, and IEEE Explore.

See also
Symposium on Geometry Processing
SIGGRAPH
Solid modeling

References

Models of computation
International conferences
Organizations established in 1997
PLM 241.C.1. PLM 241.C.1 was a French four-cylinder 4-8-2 (Mountain) compound steam locomotive, built as a prototype for the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée.

The firm of Schneider et Cie took charge of the construction of the locomotive in 1930.

It was based on the earlier PLM 241.A, but with several modifications to increase the design speed from :
 The diameter of the driving wheels was increased from ;
 The crankshaft was modified, and the connecting rods were now attached to the second and third pairs of driving wheels whereas on the 241.A they were attached to the first and second; this necessitated the inside high pressure cylinders be located between the first and second driving axles;

In addition the steam dome was moved forward to be just behind the chimney.

In 1932, the single PLM trefle exhaust was replaced by a double cross-type. A standard smokebox door replaced the paraboloid-shaped original and smoke deflectors were added at the same time.

The locomotive passed to the SNCF in 1938, who renumbered it 5-241.C.1.

It was retired in 1960, and scrapped two years later, having outlasted the other PLM mountains by a decade; despite it being the only member of its type, although it did form the basis of the SNCF 241.P. Some of its features were integrated into the fifty 241.D and the one 241.E rebuilds of the PLM 241.A locomotives.

Models 
The PLM 241.C.1 has been reproduced in HO scale by:
 La Maison des trains – metal body often mounted on a commercial chassis from Jouef, Fleischmann or Märklin;
 Jouef Club in 1991 – limited edition;
 Loco-diffusion – as a brass kit.

References 

Steam locomotives of France
Schneider locomotives
4-8-2 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1938
2′D1′ h4v locomotives
Kraft break. In astronomy, the Kraft break refers to the abrupt decrease in stars' average rotation rates at surface temperatures below about 6,200 kelvin. This temperature corresponds to mid-F type stars. The so-called break bears the name of astronomer Robert Kraft, though its existence was recognized prior to his publications on the topic. The break is understood to separate stars with deep convective envelopes and efficient magnetic dynamos from those without. The dynamos are thought to maintain magnetic fields that transfer angular momentum to the stellar wind, thus slowing down the star's surface through magnetic braking. In hot stars the process is less efficient (because the convective envelopes are shallow) so the stars continue to rotate quickly.

References 

Stellar astronomy
Aviation Performance Solutions. Aviation Performance Solutions is an aviation training company based in Mesa, Arizona. APS trains and instructs pilots of all experience levels in Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT).

History
In 2005, APS was founded, with a specific focus on advancing Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) for all pilots. APS team members participated in shaping global UPRT recommendations by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2014.

APS's strategic partners include CAE, Inc. (and its military division CAE USA), Swiss Re, USAIG.

Programs and courses
According to Flying magazine, "APS provides training on Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I), as well as recovery concepts and techniques".

Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT)
APS is known for their approach to UPRT that includes the combination of computer-based, on-aircraft, and full-flight simulator training platforms, which reduce the risk of Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) through flight training. 
Their live on-aircraft training platforms include the Marchetti S211 piston Extra 300L.

Locations
APS is headquartered at the Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (KIWA) in Mesa, Arizona. In 2012, APS Europe was established, based in the Breda International Airport in the Netherlands. In 2013, APS opened a facility in Arlington, Texas in the Arlington Municipal Airport. APS Texas training services include the integration of simulators located at the CAE Dallas training center, which is in the Fort Worth International Airport.

In early 2017, APS opened its first military UPRT location in Dothan, Alabama in partnership with CAE USA.

References

External links
 Official Website

Aviation schools
Companies based in Mesa, Arizona
Education in Mesa, Arizona
Pea sheller. A pea sheller is an apparatus designed to take out the peas from their pods. Early models were powered by hand, via a crank; later models are powered by electricity. Certain models can also be used for beans.

The mechanical pea sheller was invented in the 17th century. Typically they press the peas between two rolls, which squeeze out the peas; sometimes the rolls have ridges that slice the pods open. Pea shellers have different types of mechanisms to separate the shells from the pods and other debris. Washing machine rollers can be used, for instance. Currently, pea shellers are made in the US by Welborn Devices of Mississippi, and Lehman's Hardware of Ohio.

References

Food preparation utensils
Fabeae
Exchange to exchange. Exchange to exchange (sometimes Exchange-to-exchange, abbreviated E2E) is integration, between certain pairs of computer systems. To qualify as E2E, each of the paired systems must have a primary use of acting as an exchange, or gateway, among its own customers.

A common example is a connection between stock brokerage firms' internal systems and systems of a stock market in which the broker trades. These connections are often facilitated by middleware services, such as object request brokers.

Each E2E partner system has a primary function to its own clients of allowing them to transfer information or conduct other transactions, This is a form of the business to business (B2B) commerce model, as each E2E partner is a B2B gateway for its clients, and in turn exchanges information with at least one other B2B gateway. The connection between the two B2B systems (exchanges) is then an exchange to exchange integration.

E2E is an alternative to direct application to application integration (A2A), though some A2A can be classified as E2E.

References

Systems engineering
Systems analysis
Interoperability
Bangladesh Railway Class 2700. Bangladesh Railway Class 2700 diesel electric locomotive is currently (as of 2023) in service on the meter gauge of Bangladesh Railway. This dual cab locomotive series has been in service since 1994. Bangladesh Railway has a total 21 locomotives that are used in passenger services.

Builders details
The Class 2700 locomotives are built by ABB Henschel and Adtranz of Germany under License of Electro Motive Division. These 21 locomotives came to Bangladesh in 2 phases. They are-
 Year 1994 = 2701-2709 
 Year 1996 = 2710-2721

Technical details
The Class 2700 is a 1500 hp locomotive. The Electro Motive Division export model of this locomotive is GT18L-2. The wheel arrangement of this locomotive is A1A-A1A. This locomotive can achieve speeds up to  with passenger trains. The Class 2700 locomotives have a similar specification to the Bangladesh Railway 2600 and 2900 class locomotives.

The Bangladesh Railway classification of this locomotive is 'M.E.L -15'. Here - M stands for meter gauge, E Stands for diesel electric, L stands for Henschel and 15 stands for locomotive horsepower (x100).

Use

The Class 2700 locomotive can be used both for passenger services and freight services. It was highly recommended for prominent Bangladeshi trains like Subarna Express, Sonarbangla Express, Parabat Express etc. However, Class 2900 and Class 3000 are preferred by Bangladesh Railway for pulling prominent meter-gauge trains nowadays. Class 2700 pulls commuters and short-distance intercity trains.

Initially, Class 2700 locomotives were used for freight services as well. Due to several mechanical constraints, they were taken off from the freight service.

Maintenance
Class 2700 Locomotives are maintained in the following workshops:

Central Locomotive Workshop (CLW) at Parbatipur, Dinajpur.
Diesel Workshop at Pahartali, Chittagong.

References

Diesel locomotives of Bangladesh
Railway locomotives introduced in 1994
A1A-A1A locomotives
Metre gauge diesel locomotives
Roving (disambiguation). Roving is a long and narrow bundle of fiber.

It may also refer to:
Roving bridge, also known as changeline bridge or turnover bridge, a bridge over a canal constructed to allow a horse towing a boat to cross the canal when the towpath changes sides
Roving Enterprises, Australian television production company
Roving reference, also called roaming reference, a library service model in which, instead of being positioned at a static reference desk, a librarian moves throughout the library to locate patrons with questions or concerns and offer them help in finding or using library resources
 Roving, having no fixed or permanent abode or travelling from place to place
 Roving reporter, common name used for a reporter who travels around, rather than staying in a fixed place
Roving wiretap, a wiretap that follows the surveillance target

See also
 Roving Boy (1980–1983), American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse
 Roving Crows, English folk fusion band
 The Maid of Amsterdam, sea shanty also known as "A-Roving"
 Rover
 The Rover
International Roadmap for Devices and Systems. The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems, or IRDS, is a set of predictions about likely developments in electronic devices and systems. The IRDS was established in 2016 and is the successor to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.
These predictions are intended to allow coordination of efforts across academia, manufacturers, equipment suppliers, and national research laboratories.
The IEEE specifies the goals of the roadmap as:
 Identifying key trends related to devices, systems, and all related technologies by generating a roadmap with a 15-year horizon
 Determining generic devices and systems needs, challenges, potential solutions, and opportunities for innovation.
 Encouraging related activities world-wide through collaborative events such as related IEEE conferences and roadmap workshops

The executive committee is drawn from regions with a major stake in developments in electronics:  Europe, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States.

International Focus Teams (IFTs) assess present status and future evolution of the ecosystem in their specific field of expertise and produce a 15-year roadmap. IFT reports includes evolution, key challenges, major roadblocks, and possible solutions. IFTs include:

 Application Benchmarking
 Systems and Architectures
 More Moore - further developments in traditional integrated circuits, referring to historical improvements described by Moore's law
 Beyond CMOS - technologies that may allow further progress once CMOS reaches its fundamental limits.
 Packaging Integration
 Outside System Connectivity
 Factory Integration
 Lithography
 Metrology
 Emerging Research Materials
 Environment, Safety, Health, and Sustainability
 Yield Enhancement
 Cryogenic Electronics and Quantum Information Processing (added in 2018)

See also
 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)

References

 
Semiconductor industry
Babel program. The IARPA Babel program developed speech recognition technology for noisy telephone conversations. The main goal of the program was to improve the performance of keyword search on languages with very little transcribed data, i.e. low-resource languages. Data from 26 languages was collected with certain languages being held-out as "surprise" languages to test the ability of the teams to rapidly build a system for a new language.

Beginning in 2012, two industry-led teams (IBM and BBN) and two university-led teams (ICSI led by Nelson Morgan and CMU) participated. The IBM team included University of Cambridge and RWTH Aachen University, while BBN's team included Brno University of Technology, Johns Hopkins University, MIT and LIMSI. Only BBN and IBM made it to the final evaluation campaign in 2016, in which BBN won by achieving the highest keyword search accuracy on the evaluation language.

Some of the funding from Babel was used to further develop the Kaldi toolkit. The speech data was later made available through the Linguistic Data Consortium at a symbolic cost of $25 USD per language pack.

References 

DARPA
National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology. National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology (NINFET), formerly National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (NIRJAFT), is an institute under Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Government of India and dedicated to the research of jute and allied fibres leading to the diversified use and industrial growth.

References

External links
http://www.nirjaft.res.in/

Research institutes in West Bengal
Research institutes in Kolkata
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Universities and colleges established in 1939
1939 establishments in India
Parts bin special. A parts bin special is a vehicle constructed from all or mostly pre-designed parts. Often they are made to rapidly take advantage of an emerging market. Vehicles such as the Triumph Spitfire based largely on Triumph Herald parts, was produced, by Triumph, to take advantage of the early 1960s desire for small sports cars. The Ducati 350XL was produced by Ducati to quickly take advantage of a tax break. The Moto Guzzi 1000S is another example.

Others have been produced by third parties using parts acquired from 3rd parties, while some have been produced for racing and promotional purposes.

References

 

Automotive industry
ICEM Surf. ICEM Surf is a computer-aided industrial design (a.k.a. CAID) software used for creating 3D digital surfaces for automotive design and industrial design. This software is used to create class A surfaces using the Bézier surface modeling method. ICEMSurf was later purchased by Dassault Systèmes. Its similar rival is Autodesk Alias.

History

ICEM Surf, originally known as VW Surf, was developed by Volkswagen in the 1980s for advanced 3D surface modelling class A surfaces, visualization and analysis for use in the vehicle body development process.

Later, VW Surf was made commercially available to other automotive companies and was renamed as ICEM Surf and a joint venture company ICEM Technologies was floated to market and support the software. Later in the mid 1990s post Europe success, the division was spun off and became part of Control Data Systems, Inc. whose first CAD/CAM product was released way back in 1978. For a brief period, ICEM Technologies was part of PTC and again was a standalone company. Since 2007 ICEM Surf is part of Dassault Systèmes .

Products

 ICEM Surf Professional – The premier module for developing class A surfaces using free form methods
 ICEM Surf Master 
 ICEM Surf Magic
 ICEM Surf Realtime – Offers rendering tools for designer to generate a photo-realistic representation of the CAD model.
 ICEM Surf Scan Modelling – Extra tools  to generate  model from point clouds or facet data.
 ICEM Surf Advanced Tools – more advanced industry specific tools to create accelerated Surfaces, Advanced filleting, Gaps, and advanced analysis tools.
 ICEM Surf Safety Analysis – Developed for safety and legislation studies during design to detect edges and corners on a 3D model that may cause injuries.

References

External links 
 

Computer-aided design software
Computer-aided industrial design
3D computer graphics