omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Adams (mining engineer). William Adams (1813 - 1886) of Ebbw Vale began his career as an apprentice to Charles Lloyd Harford. In 1865 he moved to Cardiff, and commenced business as colliery agent and mining engineer. He was regarded as an expert in his field, his publications include 'Science of Mining' (London, 1870).  He is known to have been one of the first members of Cardiff Naturalists' Society.

References 

1813 births
1886 deaths
British mining engineers
19th-century Welsh scientists
British naturalists
19th-century Welsh businesspeople
British businesspeople in the coal industry
19th-century British naturalists
People associated with Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
19th-century Welsh engineers
Pacific 24. The Pacific 24 is a rigid inflatable boat made by BAE Systems in the UK, one of a range of small boats made by the company.  it was the latest Pacific craft within the BAE Halmatic range, and has been proven in service with the UK MOD, UK police and overseas military and paramilitary organisations. It was designed to replace the Pacific 22. About 60 Pacific 24s are in service with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, including an uncrewed version of the boat which is controlled from a parent Navy ship or another location. This boat began tests in 2020 and a few such boats may ultimately be deployed for special missions.

Usage 
The boats are mostly used for fast rescue, anti-piracy and counter-narcotics missions, and are the standard boats used by Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships.

They have a "dry running" capability, allowing their engines to be started out of the water, while still attached to a ship's davits.

UK Ministry of Defence 
In December 2015 the MoD placed an order for 60 Pacific 24 boats as part of a £13.5m contract for use with vessels such as the Queen Elizabeth Class aircraft carriers and the new River class offshore patrol vessels. These new boats will include high-performance shock-absorbing seats that minimise crew fatigue, allowing them to travel up to six times the distance.

Building was to start in early 2016, and was expected to take four years to complete.

Operators 
 Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
 Royal Navy
 Royal Fleet Auxiliary
 Various UK police services
 Various UK rescue authorities
 Other UK and International Agencies

References

See also
Boats of similar role and configuration:
 Short Range Prosecutor

Equipment of the Royal Navy
BAE Systems
Algerian amphibious transport dock Kalaat Béni Abbès. Kalaat Beni Abbes (L-474) () is an amphibious transport dock of the Algerian National Navy. The ship built by the Italian firm Fincantieri as an enlarged and improved version of the . The ship measures  long and  wide.

The ship has a continuous flight deck with two deck-landing spots for helicopters at the bow and stern.

Ordered in 2011, the ship was commissioned by the Algerian National Navy on 4 September 2014. The first official docking - and commissioning ceremony - was on 28 March 2015 in the presence of the Chief of Staff of the ANP and the High Command of the Algerian National Navy.

The 2021 Algerian-Israeli naval incident took place near this ship. It deployed two Superlynx anti-submarine warfare helicopters to detect an intruder Israeli submarine while Algerian submarines surrounded it and chased it away.

Capabilities 

The ship has an opening dock to the rear which allows it to launch up to three landing craft. The port side of the ship has davits which are able to launch three landing craft, and two fast boats for commandos. The ship also houses a garage for 15 heavy tanks and housing for 440 soldiers plus 150 crew. The ship also carries a 60-bed hospital and operating theaters.

The ship is continuously assisted by three craft also built by Fincantieri, named Chaland, which can each carry a heavy tank or a maximum of 140 personnel.

Weapon systems 
The ship is fitted with an EMPAR radar for detecting long-range threats, and 16 Aster 15 missiles in two vertical A-50 launchers, as well as a 76 mm turret and two Oerlikon KBA 25x137 mm cannons that can be used for defence against aircraft or surface targets. The vessel also has a complete electronic warfare suite provided by Thales and Elettronica, linked to two SCLAR-H Oto-Melara decoy launchers.

References 

2014 ships
San Giorgio-class amphibious transport docks
Ships of the Algerian National Navy
Landing craft
Helicopter carriers
Ships built by Fincantieri
AU Engineering. AU Engineering (Danish: Ingeniørområdet ved Aarhus Universitet) is an umbrella organisation of engineering under Aarhus University. It was established in 2011 and currently comprise two engineering organisations; Department of Engineering (ENG) and Aarhus University School of Engineering (ASE).

Departments 
Both Aarhus University School of Engineering and Department of Engineering have their headquarters at the Navitas Park at Aarhus Docklands. Navitas is also home to Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering (AAMS).

References

Sources

External links

 
engineering
Avia Traffic Company Flight 768. Avia Traffic Company Flight 768 was a scheduled passenger flight from Bishkek to Osh, Kyrgyzstan. On 22 November 2015, the Boeing 737-300 operating the flight was about to land at Osh Airport but it touched down so hard that both main landing gears sheared off. The aircraft skidded off the runway with the left engine being torn from its mount as well. There were no fatalities in the accident, but 14 people were injured.

Accident

Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-3YO, registration EX-37005, originally delivered to Philippine Airlines in 1990; it was later sold to Garuda Indonesia, Citilink and Sama Airlines before being sold to Avia Traffic Company in 2011. The aircraft was 25 years old at the time of the accident. The aircraft was written off after the accident.

Landing
The aircraft had originally departed Krasnoyarsk Airport Russia for Osh but diverted to Bishkek due to fog in Osh. After the weather improved, the crew departed for Osh. Ground observers reported that the visibility deteriorated to about .

The aircraft was performing an ILS approach to Osh's runway 12 at about 07:56L (01:56Z) but touched down hard causing the landing gear to collapse and separate from the aircraft. The aircraft went off the runway and ran over rough terrain, the left-hand CFM International CFM56 engine separated and the right-hand engine received substantial damage before the aircraft came to a stop about  from touchdown. Four occupants received serious injuries and ten occupants received minor injuries.

Investigation

Russia's Civil Aviation Authority opened an investigation into the accident. Preliminary reports suggested the aircraft was performing an ILS approach to Osh's runway 12, with  visibility in fog. The crew conducted a go-around following a hard touch down and joined the traffic pattern, but during the traffic pattern the crew decided to divert to their alternate and return to Bishkek, but soon after they received warnings of two hydraulic system failures, as well as failure of the No.2 engine, which was caused by the collapsed right landing gear. The crew shut the No.2 engine down and decided to perform an emergency landing at Osh, despite weather being below safe minima. The aircraft touched down very hard and skidded off the runway.

See also
Garuda Indonesia Flight 200

References

Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Classic
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015
Aviation accidents and incidents in Kyrgyzstan 
2015 disasters in Kyrgyzstan
November 2015 events in Asia
Osh
DAVI. The Dutch Automated Vehicle Initiative (DAVI) is a research and demonstration initiative developing automated vehicles for use on public roads.

The project is unique in that, besides simply making driverless cars, it also focuses on having automated vehicles share information among each other. The aim is to have the cars help to avoid traffic congestion by reducing the safety distance between the cars (from 2 seconds to 0.5 seconds) and avoiding sudden traffic slow-downs due to maneuvers undertaken by drivers.

References

Self-driving cars
Robotics
HCF CATCH. HCF CATCH (trading as CATCH) is an industry led, not-for-profit, training facility located in Stallingborough, between Grimsby & Immingham, North East Lincolnshire, which specialises in training for the process, energy, engineering and renewables sectors.

In 1999, HCF CATCH was developed to the support the economy of the £6 billion Humber chemical and chemistry using sectors. The engineering sector has a growing gap of skilled competent workers. Local industry, along with local councils and government support developed a unique training facility to meet industry demands.

In 2006, The Centre for Assessment for Technical Competence Humber (CATCH) was opened. The £8 million training facility has a full-scale Process Plant that simulates a working site, where chemical engineers can train safely without the hazardous risks. The south bank of the Humber is home to many industrial engineering plants, including: Lindsey Oil Refinery, Humber Oil Refinery and Scunthorpe Steel Works, making Stallingborough an accessible training environment.

In 2013, a joint £3.29 million investment, from North East Lincolnshire Council and The European Regional Development Fund, to expand the CATCH facility was completed. This project was made to double the capacity and facilitate future growing demands from industry.

References 

Education in the Borough of North East Lincolnshire
Bridge law. Bridge law is the body of laws which apply to bridges in a particular jurisdiction.

United States
In the United States, legislative authority to erect a bridge is necessary in three cases: first, when toll is demanded for its use—the right to take toll being a franchise which cannot be claimed without express grant from the state; second, when the state owns the bed of the stream over which the bridge extends, as is the case in all public or navigable streams; third, when the structure interferes or threatens to interfere with navigation. In the last case the authority of state governments is subject to the power given to Congress by the Federal Constitution to “regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states.” (Art. I., §8.) The states may authorize bridges over navigable streams, and may regulate their size, form, and manner of construction. Until Congress intervenes in such cases the power of the states is unlimited. When it does intervene, however, its will is supreme, and its legislation, within the limits of the constitutional grant, overrides that of any state. A bridge constructed over a navigable river in accordance with an act of Congress is a lawful structure, however much it may interfere with the public right of navigation.

See also
 Bridges Act
 Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula

Notes

References

Law
Bridges
Diamond tree. Diamond trees (tropostats) are a theoretical product of a future technology in molecular manufacturing that have been proposed as a method of long-term sequestration of atmospheric carbon into solid diamond products. There is growing interest in the conversion of sequestered atmospheric carbon dioxide into synthetic diamond, a process pioneered by a New York based company called Aether Diamonds. So far, the only method used for creating synthetic diamonds from carbon dioxide sequestered from the atmosphere is by chemical vapour deposition.

References

Further reading
"The Machine That Promises to Turn Carbon Pollution Into 'Diamonds from the Sky'
American Chemical Society "'Diamonds from the sky' approach turns CO2 into valuable products." ScienceDaily, 19 August 2015
"Diamonds Created Out Of Thin Air Sounds Like Magic. Aether Is Doing It." Forbes, 4 March 2022

Synthetic diamond
Carbon dioxide removal
Robert Behringer. Robert P. Behringer (October 26, 1948 – July 10, 2018) was an American physicist based at Duke University, whose research first dealt with critical phenomena and transport properties in fluid helium, such as Rayleigh–Bénard convection, and  since 1986 was involved with granular material, where his most notable achievements were in the development of the technique of photoelasticity to study spatio-temporal fluctuations. This enabled him to extract vector forces from images of photo-elastic disks, which are models for granular materials. His research demonstrated the strongly fluctuating nature of granular flows. Another aspect of his research involved the concept of jamming in granular materials.

A native of Baltimore and the son of Frederick and Elizabeth Behringer, he obtained his BSc in Physics at Duke University in 1970, his PhD in Physics in 1975 also at Duke University, with Horst Meyer as his mentor, and was a research associate at Bell Labs under the direction of Guenter Ahlers from 1975 -77. A faculty position at Wesleyan University was the next step and in 1982 he was appointed by Duke University, where he became a James B. Duke Professor in 1994.

Behringer died on July 10, 2018, aged 69.

Awards and honors
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow (1981-1985)
Fellow, American Physical Society (1993–present)
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1999–present)
James B. Duke Professor (1994–present)
Visiting Scientist, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, Paris, 1997. 
Joliot Curie Chair, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles, Paris, 2010. 
Visiting Scientist, C.E.A. Saclay, France, Fall 2010.
Chair Line, American Physical Society Topical Group on the Physics of  Climate, American Physical Society, 2012
 of the Physical Society, South-Eastern Section, 2013

References

1948 births
2018 deaths
American physicists
Duke University alumni
Duke University faculty
Wesleyan University faculty
Scientists from Baltimore
French destroyer Dehorter. Dehorter was one of a dozen s built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description
The Bouclier class were designed to a general specification and varied significantly from each other in various ways. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . Designed to displace , they displaced  at normal load. Their crew numbered 80–83 men.

The ships were powered by a pair of Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . Dehorter only reached  during her sea trials. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at cruising speeds of .

The primary armament of the Bouclier-class ships consisted of two  Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four  Modèle 1902 guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

During World War I, a  or  anti-aircraft gun, two  machine guns, and eight or ten Guiraud-type depth charges were added to the ships. The extra weight severely overloaded the ships and reduced their operational speed to around .

Construction and career
Dehorter was ordered from Ateliers et Chantiers de Penhoët and was launched from its Saint-Nazaire shipyard on 18 April 1912. The ship was completed the following year. When the First World War began in August 1914, Dehorter was the flagship () for the Group of Submarines and Destroyers () of the 1st Naval Army ().

References

Bibliography

 
 

Bouclier-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1912 ships
French destroyer Francis Garnier. Francis Garnier was one of a dozen s built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description
The Bouclier class were designed to a general specification and varied significantly from each other in various ways. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . Designed to displace , Francis Garnier displaced  at normal load. Their crew numbered 80–83 men.

Francis Garnier was powered by a pair of Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . Francis Garnier reached  during her sea trials. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at cruising speeds of .

The primary armament of the Bouclier-class ships consisted of two  Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four  Modèle 1902 guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

During World War I, a  or  anti-aircraft gun, two  machine guns, and eight or ten Guiraud-type depth charges were added to the ships. The extra weight severely overloaded the ships and reduced their operational speed to around .

Construction and career
Francis Garnier was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand and was launched from its Le Havre shipyard on 1 October 1912. The ship was completed the following year.

References

Bibliography

 
 

Bouclier-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1912 ships
French destroyer Commandant Lucas. Commandant Lucas was one of six s built for the French Navy during the 1910s.

Design and description

The Bisson class were enlarged versions of the preceding  built to a more standardized design. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a draft of . Designed to displace , they displaced  at normal load. Their crew numbered 80–83 men.

Commandant Lucas was powered by a pair of Breguet steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four Indret water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . During her sea trials, Commandant Lucas reached a speed of . The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at cruising speeds of .

The primary armament of the Bisson-class ships consisted of two  Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four  Modèle 1902 guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

Construction and career
Commandant Lucas was ordered from the Arsenal de Toulon and was launched on 11 July 1914. The ship was completed later that year.

References

Bibliography

 

Bisson-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1914 ships
Ford Typewriter. The Ford Typewriter was introduced in 1895 by Eugene A. Ford, who later became the chief development engineer at IBM (no relation to Henry Ford, who founded the Ford Motor Company). The Ford Typewriter is notable for its forward-striking mechanism and innovative use of aluminum in its construction.

Design and Features
Unlike many competing typewriters of its time, the Ford Typewriter was a forward-striking machine. This means the type-bars moved forward against the paper, which was held against the platen. This design allowed the typist to see the text as it was being typed, a feature not commonly available in other typewriters of that era.

The Ford Typewriter was the first to use aluminum in its construction, making it lighter and more portable compared to other typewriters made primarily of iron or steel. This innovative use of aluminum was a significant advancement in typewriter design, showcasing the potential for new materials in manufacturing processes.

Production and Market Impact
Despite its innovative features, the Ford Typewriter was produced in limited numbers and did not achieve widespread commercial success. The limited production run may have been due to the higher costs associated with using aluminum and the relatively new forward-striking mechanism. However, the machine gained recognition in the collector's market, where it is sought after for its unique design and historical significance. Collectors and historians value the Ford Typewriter as a symbol of early technological innovation and its influence on later typewriter designs.

Legacy
The Ford Typewriter represents an important step in the evolution of typewriters, particularly with its forward-striking mechanism and use of lightweight materials. While it did not become a mainstream product, its design principles influenced the development of later typewriters, contributing to the eventual standardization of visible typing.

Today, surviving Ford Typewriters are rare and considered valuable collector's items. They are often featured in museum exhibits on the history of technology and are prized by typewriter enthusiasts for their unique contribution to the development of office equipment.

References

External links

 Antique Typewriters: Historical Overview

Typewriters
American inventions
1890s introductions
Office equipment
Carlos Mardel. Carlos Mardel (born Martell Károly; Pressburg; c. 1695 – Lisbon; 8 September 1763) was a Hungarian-Portuguese military officer, engineer, and architect. Mardel is primarily remembered for his role in the reconstruction effort after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Career
Carlos Mardel was born Martell Károly, in Pressburg (now Bratislava), then in the Kingdom of Hungary, around 1695. He served in the militaries of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Great Britain.

Mardel first came to Portugal in 1733, as a sergeant-major of engineering for a Portuguese infantry. By 1735, Mardel had become the managing architect of the Águas Livres Aqueduct. In this project, he personally designed and oversaw the construction of the Amoreiras Monumental Arch and the Mãe d'Água Water Reserve.

It is known that Mardel was a part of the Portuguese Freemason lodge Casa Real dos Pedreiros Livres da Lusitânia, which operated between 1733 and 1738.

In 1747, owing to his work on the Águas Livres water system, Mardel was appointed Architect of the Royal Household and of the Ancient Military Orders.

Following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, Mardel was one of the primary architects responsible for the city's reconstruction, alongside Eugénio dos Santos and Manuel da Maia. His roofing designs became a staple of the city's reconstruction.

In 1759, Mardel began construction on a country manor in Oeiras for Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the prime-minister at the time for King Joseph I of Portugal. The palace, known as the Palace of the Marquis of Pombal, is considered one of his magna opera.

Also, he was involved in reconstructing the Royal Palace of Salvaterra de Magos after the Earthquake. His major addition was adding a court theatre.
By 1762, Mardel had reached the rank of colonel in the Portuguese army.

Works
Note: Italicized works were incomplete when Mardel ceased management of them.
Águas Livre Water System; 1735–1745
Águas Livres Aqueduct; 1735–1744
Amoreiras Monumental Arch; 1740–1744
Arco do Carvalhão; 1742–1745
Mãe d'Água Water Reserve; 1745–1763
Chafariz da Esperança; 1752–1763
Chafariz do Rato; 1753–1754
Estaus Palace; 1755–?
Palace of the Marquis of Pombal; 1759–1763
Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Nova (gate and cloister); 1761

References

Portuguese architects
Hungarian architects
17th-century Hungarian people
18th-century Hungarian people
17th-century Portuguese military personnel
18th-century Portuguese people
1763 deaths
Military personnel from Bratislava
Portuguese people of Hungarian descent
Year of birth uncertain
Architects from Bratislava

es:Carlos Mardel#top
Bromham Lake. Bromham Lake is a 10.9 hectare Local Nature Reserve east of Bromham in Bedfordshire. It is owned and managed by Bedford Borough Council.

The lake was formed when the site was used for the extraction of sand, gravel and limestone between 1969 and 1975, and an Iron Age house was found during the extraction. In the 1980s the site was restored to become a nature reserve. The lake is important for aquatic birds such as terns and coot, and plants such as water crowfoot and reedmace. A wild flower meadow provides a habitat for butterflies. There is also woodland, grassland and a limestone cliff.

There is access from Lower Farm Road.

References

Local Nature Reserves in Bedfordshire