omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ICP Vimana. The ICP Vimana is a single engine, two seat, high wing, light aircraft with STOL capability. Designed and built in Italy by ICP srl, it was introduced in 2006.

Design and development

The Vimana (Vimana is a Sanskrit word, the meanings of which include flying machine) is a conventionally arranged single engine high wing light aircraft, designed to have STOL performance. It seats two side-by-side. The Vimana is mostly constructed from riveted aluminium sheet.

The Vinama's wing is tapered, mostly on the trailing edge, and carries 2° of dihedral. On each side a single, forward leaning strut links the wing to the lower fuselage, assisted by a short intermediate strut at its wing connection. More than half the trailing edge carries inboard double slotted Fowler flaps with a maximum deflection of 40°; the rest of the trailing edge is fitted with conventional ailerons. The leading edge is fitted with electrically operated slats.

The Vimana is normally powered by a  Rotax 912 ULS flat four driving a three-bladed propeller, though the Turbo version of this engine is an option. It has a standard tricycle undercarriage with faired wheels, fitted with brakes and mounted on spring cantilever legs to the fuselage at the base of the wing spar. The faired nosewheel is steerable. A lightweight version of the Vimana has smaller wheels, as well as lighter instrumentation and cabin furnishings; overall,  is cut from the empty weight. Access to the cabin is via fully transparent, upward opening doors.  There is a small flight accessible compartment for about 20 kg of luggage behind the seats.  The underside of the fuselage tapers upwards to the tail, where all surfaces are straight-tapered. The fin and large rudder are swept, with a small fillet. The tailplane is low mounted and the separate elevators, also large, are horn balanced.

Take-off and landing runs (ground roll) are  respectively. The corresponding overall distances to clear  are .

The design is an accepted Federal Aviation Administration special light-sport aircraft, as the Skykits Rampage.

Operational history
The Vimana first appeared in public at the Cielo e Volo show at Ozzano in June 2006. A second machine was produced in 2007 and became the North American demonstrator, flown by Skykits of Alberta, Canada, who market the Vimana as the Rampage.

As of mid-2010, there were 5 Vimanas on European registers in addition to the prototype.

Specifications (Standard weight)

References

External links
Google search for images of the ICP Vimana
 

2000s Italian sport aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2006
Peter Goodwin (maritime author). Peter Goodwin is a British maritime historian and author, and the former Keeper and Curator of .

Biography
Peter Goodwin served in the Royal Navy in nuclear submarines, qualifying as a marine engineer. Subsequently, he worked in Glasgow as a consultant design engineer, before completing an MPhil at the Institute of Maritime Studies, at the University of St Andrews.  As an article by Haley Storey explains, "Peter's interest in 18th century ship construction began when he was just eight years old and, like many boys his age, he enjoyed putting together wooden models".

Between 1991 and 2011, he was the Keeper and Curator of , HM Naval Base Portsmouth.

He has written eight books on ship construction and Britain's maritime heritage, specialising in the career and ships of Lord Nelson. Goodwin "is widely acknowledged as one of the leading writers on the sailing warship".

Of Nelson's Ships (2002), Nautical Magazine wrote "Superb description of life in the Georgian Navy… Compelling read recommended to everyone with an interest in naval history".

Goodwin's Nelson’s Men O’War (2005), released to coincide with the bi-centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar, was written in conjunction with the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.

Goodwin has also acted as a historical consultant, most notably on the 20th Century Fox film, Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, inspired by Patrick O’Brian's series of Aubrey–Maturin novels, and the television adaptation of Hornblower, in which he made a brief cameo.

Bibliography
 HMS Victory (2006) 
 The Ships of Trafalgar: The British, French and Spanish Fleets, October 1805, Conway Publishing (2005) 
 Nelson's Men O'War: The Illustrated Story of Life in Nelson's Navy, Andre Deutsch Ltd (2005) 
 The Bomb Vessel Granado, 1742: Anatomy of the Ship, Conway Publishing (2005) 
 Nelson's Victory: 101 Questions & Answers about HMS Victory, Nelson’s Flagship at Trafalgar 1805, Conway Maritime Press (2004) 
 Nelson's Ships: A Comprehensive History of the Ships in Which He Served, 1771–1805, Stackpole Books (2002) 
 The Naval Cutter Alert, 1777: Anatomy of the Ship, Conway Maritime Press (1991) 
 The 20-Gun Ship Blandford: Anatomy of the Ship, Conway Maritime Press (1988) 
 The Construction and Fitting of the Sailing Man of War 1650–1850, Conway Maritime Press (1987)

References

Living people
British non-fiction writers
British curators
Royal Navy submariners
British naval historians
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
British male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
British male non-fiction writers
Dennis Lyons. Dennis 'Joe' Lyons (26 August 1916 – 29 March 2011) was a British scientist who researched topics ranging from rockets to roundabouts. He led the research of the Blue Streak and Black Knight rockets that were developed at the Royal Aircraft Establishment during the 1950s. In 1965 he became the director of the Road Research Laboratory, overseeing the introduction of the breathalyser, motorway crash barriers and compulsory front seat belts.

In 2012 his ashes were scattered at Farnborough Airport from a Tiger Moth.

References

British scientists
Rocket scientists
1916 births
2011 deaths
Warship (magazine). Warship () is a long-running yearly publication covering the design, development, and service history of combat ships. It is published by Conway Publishing in the United Kingdom and the United States Naval Institute Press in North America.

History 
Warship began as a quarterly magazine, which according to The Dreadnought Project, published "historical and technical essays of incredible value and merit to students of fighting ships". The first issue, edited by Antony Preston, was published in January 1977; featured articles included "Washington's Cherrytrees: The Evolution of the British 1921–22 Capital Ships", by N.J.M. Campbell, and "British Destroyer Appearance in World War II: Fleet Destroyers 1939–42", by Alan Raven. The journal became an annual in 1989, under the editorship of Robert Gardiner. Under this new format, The Dreadnought Project notes, "it remains the "periodical" that deserves a space on your reference bookshelf long after it has been read the first time."

Current status 
Since 2004, Warship has been edited by John Jordan. Each annual issue comprises articles by retired naval officers, marine architects, and maritime experts spanning the globe. In 2003 Sea Power wrote "This first-class compendium of articles on the world’s warships has something of interest for virtually every reader".

Index of issues 
A comprehensive index of past issues and their articles at The Dreadnought Project.

Editorial history 
The following persons have been editor-in-chief of the magazine:
 John Jordan: Warship 2005–2012
 Antony Preston: Warship 1999–2004
 David McLean and Antony Preston: Warship 1996–1998
 John Roberts: Warship 1994–1995
 Robert Gardiner: Warship 1989–1993
 Ian Grant: Volume XII
 Andrew Lambert: Volumes IX–XI
 Randal Gray: Volume VIII
 John Roberts: Volumes III–VII
 Antony Preston: Volumes I & II

Notable contributors 
Notable contributors include:
 Andrew Lambert
 Vincent P. O'Hara

References

External links 
 

Military magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1977
History magazines published in the United States
Maritime history magazines
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
History magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in Maryland
Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions. Technical variations of Solaris distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available.

These tables compare each noteworthy distribution's latest stable release on wide-ranging objective criteria. It does not cover each operating system's subjective merits, branches marked as unstable or beta, nor compare Solaris distributions with other operating systems.

General 

Basic general information about the distributions: creator or producer, release date and latest version, and so forth.

Technical

Package management and installation
Information on features in the distributions. Package numbers are only approximate.

Security features

See also

 Comparison of operating systems
 Comparison of open-source operating systems

References

External links

OpenSolaris
Solaris distributions
Sustainable remediation. Sustainable Remediation is a term adopted internationally and encompasses sustainable approaches, as described by the Brundtland Report, to the investigation, assessment and management (including institutional controls) of potentially contaminated land and groundwater.

Definition 
The process of identifying sustainable remediation is defined by The UK Sustainable remediation Forum as “the practice of demonstrating, in terms of environmental, economic and social indicators, that the benefit of undertaking remediation is greater than its impact, and that the optimum remediation solution is selected through the use of a balanced decision-making process.”

Approach 
Sustainable remediation is the practice of considering the effects of implementing an environmental cleanup and incorporating options to minimize the footprint of the cleanup actions. Opportunities for green and sustainable practices exist throughout the site remediation process of remedial investigation, design, construction, operation, and monitoring. Five core elements are evaluated as part of the environmental footprint analysis including 1) energy, 2) air and atmosphere, 3) materials and waste, 4) land and ecosystem, and 5) water. The cleanup remedy is evaluated for each core element to 1) minimize total energy use and maximize renewable energy use, 2) minimize air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, 3) minimize water use and impacts to water resources, 4) reduce, reuse, and recycle materials and waste, and 5) minimize land use and protect ecosystems.

See also 

 Sustainable development
 Land recycling

References

External links
American Society of Testing and Materials Standard Guide for Greener Cleanups
CL:AIRE - Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments
Interstate Technology and Resource Council Green and Sustainable Remediation
Sustainable Remediation Forum Online Resources
United States Environmental Protection Agency Contaminated Site Cleanup Information Green Remediation Focus

Soil contamination
Sustainable development
Environmental terminology
Land use
Sustainable urban planning
Environmental issues with soil
Redevelopment
Recycling
Environmental issues with water
Water pollution
Preceptor STOL King. The Preceptor STOL King is an American STOL amateur-built aircraft that was designed and produced by Preceptor Aircraft, of Rutherfordton, North Carolina. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as plans or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The STOL King features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with the wings of aluminum structure, with its flying surfaces covered in  doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of  and is fitted with flaps and leading edge slots. The wing is supported by "V"-struts and jury struts and can be folded for ground transportation or storage. Acceptable installed power is . Engines used include the  Volkswagen air-cooled engine, the  Lycoming O-235 and the  Lycoming O-320 four-stroke powerplants.

The aircraft has a stall speed of .

Operational history
Six examples had been completed and flown by December 2011.

Specifications (STOL King)

References

External links
Photo of a Preceptor STOL King

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
List of pilots with foreign Aviator's Certificates accredited by the Royal Aero Club 1910–14. The world governing body for air sports and aeronautics and astronautics world records, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), was founded on 14 October 1905. The Royal Aero Club is the authority which administers the above activities for the United Kingdom.

With effect from 1 March 1910, the rules governing the authorisation of Aviators' certificate awarded in another country were as follows: "... Foreigners belonging to a country represented on the F.A.I, can only receive a certificate from the Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom after having obtained the consent from the national
sporting authority approved by the F.A.I. But a certificate may also be granted to a foreigner whose country is not represented on the F.A.I., without further application."

The rules governing the award of Aviators' Certificates, amended with effective from 3 January 1914, were as follows:
"The Sporting Authority governing aviation in each country represented on the F.A.I, can alone grant Aviators' Certificates to all candidates, of at least 18 years of age, and coming under its jurisdiction.
 To candidates of the same nationality as the Club.
 To foreigners belonging to a country not represented on the F.A.I.
 To foreigners of a country represented on the F.A.I.; but in this case the certificate can only be delivered with the authorisation of the Sporting Authority of the candidate's country."

List
Note: This list is limited to the given period of time because from 1914 the numbers of pilots increased significantly with the onset of World War I.

See also
Lists of pilots awarded an Aviator's Certificate by the Royal Aero Club 1910–1914:
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914

References

Aviation pioneers
Royal Aero Club
Aviat
Aviat
1910s in transport
1910s in the United Kingdom
List
Animation database. An animation database is a database which stores fragments of animations or human movements and which can be accessed, analyzed and queried to develop and assemble new animations. Given that the manual generation of a large amount of animation can be time consuming and expensive, an animation database can assist users in building animations by using existing components, and sharing animation fragments.

Early examples of animation databases include the system MOVE which used an object oriented database. Modern animation databases can be populated via the extraction of skeletal animations from motion capture data.

Other examples include crowd simulation in which a number of people are simulated as a crowd. Given that in some applications the people need to be walking at different speeds, say on a sidewalk, the animation database can be used to retrieve and merge different animated figures. The method is mainly known as "motion graphs".

Animation databases can also be used for "interactive storytelling" in which fragments of animations are retrieved from the animation database and are recycled to combine into new stories. For instance, the animation database called Animebase is used within the system Words Anime to help generate animations using recycled components. In this approach, the user may input words which form parts of a story and queries against the database help select suitable animation fragments. This type of system may indeed use two databases: an animation database, as well as a story knowledge database. The story knowledge database may use subjects, predicates and objects to refer to story fragments. The system then assists the user in matching between story fragments and animation fragments.

Animation databases can also be used for the generation of visual scenes using humanoid models. An example application has been the development of an animated humanoid-based sign language system to help the disabled.

Another application of an animation database is in the synthesis of idle motion for human characters. Human beings move all the time and in unique ways, and the presentation of a consistent and realistic set of idle motions for each character between different animation segments has been a challenge, e.g. each person has a unique way of standing and this needs to be represented in a realistic way throughout an animation. One of the problems is that idle motion affects all joints and simply showing statistical movements at each joint results in less than realistic portrayals. One approach to solving this problem is to use an animation database with a large set of pre-recorded human movements, and obtain the suitable patterns of motion from the database through statistical analysis.

References

Animation
Types of databases
Rans S-7 Courier. The Rans S-7 Courier is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, two-seats in tandem, high-wing monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter and manufactured by Rans Inc. The Courier is available in kit form for amateur construction or as a completed light-sport aircraft.

Design and development
The S-7 was originally conceived of as a trainer for the single seat S-4 Coyote. First flown in November 1985 the Courier was named for an aircraft that Schlitter admired, the Helio Courier.

The S-7 features a welded 4130 steel tube cockpit, with a bolted aluminum tube rear fuselage, wing and tail surfaces all covered in  dope and fabric. The reported construction times for the Courier are 500-700 man-hours.

The Courier is available only with conventional landing gear but can be equipped with floats and skis. The original basic engine was the Rotax 503 of , with the Rotax 582 of  being available as an option. Today the standard engine is the  Rotax 912ULS.  At least one S7 has been fitted with a Jabiru 2200 flat-four, four-stroke direct-drive engine.

Operational history
325 examples of the Courier had been completed by December 2007.  In November 2010 74 were on the registers of European countries west of Russia.

Reviewer Marino Boric said in a 2015 review, that, "this refined little fun flyer...continues to prove itself deservedly popular."

In an extensive review in December 2020, AVweb writer Dave Prizio praised the design's ergonomics and economics, "a nice feature of the S-7 is its ample 30-inch-wide cabin. Even for large people, there is no need to squeeze into an S-7 the way you might into a Cub. It will pretty much do the same thing as a Super Cub at a lower operating cost."

Variants

S-7
Initial version, standard engine  Rotax 503,  Rotax 582 engine optional.

S-7C
Refined version introduced in 2001, certified under the US primary category. Certification in the category took seven years of effort by the manufacturer and was not a commercial success as the primary aircraft category was not widely adopted.
S-7S
Kit version of the S-7C, introduced in 2003. Qualifies as a US Experimental light-sport aircraft (ELSA). Standard engine is the  Rotax 912ULS.
S-7LS
Sold as a factory-assembled ready-to-fly US Special light-sport aircraft, the S-7LS is a factory-assembled version of the S-7S. Standard engine is the  Rotax 912ULS.

Specifications (S-7S)

See also

References

External links

1980s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
S-007 Courier
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1985
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
7005 aluminium alloy. 7005 is an aluminium wrought alloy used in bicycle frames. Due to its relative ease of welding, it does not require expensive heat treating. It is, however, harder to form, making manufacture more challenging. It has an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 350 MPa, a Fatigue Strength of 150 MPa and a density of 2.78 g/cm3. It does not need to be precipitation hardened, but can be cooled in air.

Specific forms of AL 7005 include 
 7005-O
 7005-T5
 7005-T53
 7005-T6

Chemical composition 
The alloy composition of 7005 is:

Properties

Further reading 

 Aluminum 7005-T6 Properties
 Aluminum 7005-O Properties
 Aluminum 7005-T53 Properties

References

Aluminum alloy table 

Aluminium–zinc alloys
Clinical Robotic Surgery Association. The Clinical Robotic Surgery Association is a not-for-profit educational association formed in 2009 to improve the scientific knowledge of robotic surgery as applied to the field of general surgery. The inaugural Worldwide Scientific Meeting was hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Membership 
Membership is open to medical students, physicians and allied health professionals with an interest in robotic surgery.

In 2010, the membership consisted of surgeons from 23 countries, representing early-adopters of robotic surgery in each country. The association has six regional chapters in Brazil, Germany, China, Italy, Francophone Countries, and South Korea.

The founding membership includes leading practitioners in robotic general surgery. The first president of the association was Pier Cristoforo Giulianotti.

Major Activities of the Association 
 Sponsors a variety of continuing medical education events, including the annual Scientific Congress
 Facilitates a network of practitioners of robotic general surgery across the globe
 Fosters the development of robotic surgery in home nations through support and development of international chapters
 Encourages the development of training standards and protocols in robotic surgery across institutions by enabling a forum for open discussion
 Encourages the development of educational protocols for the inclusion of robotic surgery training in general surgery resident programs
 Creates a knowledge database of surgical videos and presentations related to robotic general surgery

References 
 Medical News Today Online: CRSA Destined to Become the Robotic Surgery Thinktank

External links
 

Surgical organizations based in the United States
Medical and health professional associations in Chicago
Texturizing. Texturising or texturizing is the process by which synthetic fibres are modified to change their texture - the physical appearance of the fibre. Texturising techniques can include bulking (where thermoplastic fibres are twisted, heat set and untwisted), crimping and coiling, amongst others. Texturising takes advantage of the thermoplastic nature of synthetic fibres, and uses it to set texturised features in place.

Fibres may be texturised to improve the fibre's insulation properties (as processes like bulking allow it to trap air better), to minimise a shiny, synthetic-looking appearance, to reduce the silky nature of the fibre, or to create special effects (fancy yarns).

These modifications will also affect the eventual fabric, and fibres may be folded, looped, coiled or crinkled in order to improve the drape, appearance, luster, warmth, elasticity or handle of the finished fabric. Texturising can reduce the "synthetic" appearance of a finished fabric, bringing its appearance closer to that of a natural fibre fabric.

Texture 
Texture in textiles characterises the surface as rough or smooth, which is determined by tactile and visual perception.  The texture of textiles is affected by yarn manipulations, finishing techniques, and fabric structures.

See also
 Aesthetics (textile)
 Cross section (fiber)

References 

Textile industry
Clothing industry