omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Coherency granule. In computers it is typical to define rules relative to data transfers for optimizing the overall system considerations. One such consideration is to define coherency granules (CG) that relate to units of data that are stored in memory. These units generally have a close relationship to caches that may be used in the system.  The Coherency Granule size typically corresponds to the cache line size in a computer system.

The hardware is designed with the assumption that coherency granules will be the data packets that are typically transferred in a cache coherent system when accessing coherent data. The magnitude of the coherency granule is typically significantly greater than the bus size. For example, in current processing systems, the coherency granule is commonly 32 bytes, and the bus size is 8 bytes wide. In such a case, a data transfer of one coherency granule requires 4 cycles on the bus. The hardware is designed to optimize, for example by using burst techniques, the performance of such transfers. Thus a burst transfer of a coherency granule will take less time than two transfers each of a half of a coherency granule.

As systems continue to get more and more complex, there has been a tendency to increase the size of coherency granules. As the size of coherency granules increases, there is thus more data per coherency granule. This can make it more complicated since more data must be dealt with for each operation that must maintain the requirements of the coherency associated with the data.

References

Further reading 
 "What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory" by Ulrich Drepper
 "Caching in the Distributed Environment"

Cache (computing)
Railsbach. The Railsbach was an automobile built in Saginaw, Michigan by L. M. Railsbach, in 1914.

History 
L. M. Railsbach, a draughtsman for the Valley Boat & Engine Company, classed the vehicle as a light car, but with its wheel track of 3-ft, it would make it a cyclecar.  The two-seater sold for $350.  It had a water-cooled 4-cylinder, 1.2L engine.  L. M. Railsbach did not incorporate a company and the factory used for production is not known.

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Brass Era vehicles
Cyclecars
1910s cars
Cars introduced in 1914
Mark 26 missile launcher. The Mark 26 Guided Missile Launching System (GMLS) was a United States Navy fully automated system that stows, handles, and launches a variety of missiles. The system supported RIM-66 Standard, RUR-5 ASROC, and potentially other weapons. The Mark 26 had the shortest reaction time and the fastest firing rate of any comparable dual arm shipboard launching system at the time. With only one man at the control console, a weapon can be selected, hoisted to the guide arm, and launched. Several mods (0 to 5) provided magazine capabilities of 24 to 64 missiles.

History
The Mark 26 was installed aboard the , the , and the early . It was one of the last rail-based missile launchers used by the US Navy. The system was deployed in limited numbers due to the advent of the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System; only the first five of twenty-seven Ticonderoga cruisers carried the Mark 26. With the Mark 26, two missiles could be on the rails and it could sustain a 9-second firing rate with a one-second salvo delay. 

The Mark 26 provided ASROC capability in the late 1970s.  The Mark 26 system was capable of launching nuclear ASROC and included appropriate safety measures. It used a system nuclear lock and a hanger rail nuclear lock. Loading of a nuclear weapon was permitted if either the system lock or the rail lock are unlocked. Both must be locked to prevent accidental or unauthorized loading of nuclear weapons onto the launch rails. These locks required crew intervention to unlock and the system key was different from the rail lock key.

Usage
According to NAVEDTRA 14909 Gunner's Mate 3 & 2, Chapter 7:
Mark 26 Mod 0 - 24 missiles, forward 
Mark 26 Mod 1 - 44 missiles, aft Virginia-class cruiser
Mark 26 Mod 2 - 64 missiles, Strike cruiser, not deployed
Mark 26 Mod 3 - 24 missiles, updated Mod 0 systems, forward 
Mark 26 Mod 4 - 44 missiles, updated Mod 1 systems, aft Kidd-class destroyer
Mark 26 Mod 5 - 44 missiles, modified Mod 4 system for early 

On 11 September 1976,  was commissioned, the first US Navy combat ship with the Mark 26 GMLS. Non-combatant  also had the Mark 26 in the early 1970s for Aegis testing.  was the last US Navy ship using the Mark 26 GMLS and was decommissioned in December 2005. As of 2024, the Mark 26 is still in use by the Republic of China Navy on the former Kidd-class destroyers.

Gallery

See also

List of United States Navy Guided Missile Launching Systems

References

External links
http://www.alternatewars.com/BBOW/Weapons/US_GMLS.htm
Mk26 GMLS United Defense pamphlet via alternatewars.com
NAVEDTRA 14909 Gunner’s Mate 3 & 2 – Chapters 7 through 8 (1996) via alternatewars.com
FAS Mk26

Naval weapons of the United States
Naval guided missile launch systems of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
SS Empire Faun. Empire Faun was a  Coastal tanker that was built in 1942 by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole, United Kingdom for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was loaned to the Greek Navy in 1959 as BN Poseidon. In 1959, she was transferred to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary as RFA Sirius. She was sold to the Greek Navy in 1962.

Description
The ship was a Coastal tanker built in 1942 by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole, United Kingdom. She was yard number 389.

The ship was  long, with a beam of . She had a depth of  and a draught of . She was assessed at , .

The ship was propelled by a 154 nhp  triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke. The engine was built by the Amos & Smith Ltd, Hull.

History
Empire Faun was built by Goole Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Goole, United Kingdom. She was launched on 12 October 1942 and completed in February 1943. Built for the MOWT, she was placed under the management of Coastal Tankers Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 1169080 and Code Letters BFGC were allocated. Her port of registry was Goole.

Empire Faun was a member of Convoy EN 217, which departed from Methil, Fife on 16 April 1943 and arrived at Loch Ewe two days later. She then sailed to Gibraltar, from where she departed on 22 June 1943 as a member of Convoy GTX 3, which arrived at Port Said, Egypt on 4 July. She left the convoy at Bizerta, Algeria on 2 July.

Empire Faun departed from Naples, Italy under escort on 28 June 1944 for Civitavecchia. She departed under escort on 3 July for Naples, from where she departed on 12 August as a member of Convoy SM 1A in support of Operation Dragoon, arriving at Ajaccio, Sicily the next day. Empire Faun departed from Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France on 8 October as a member of Convoy SRM 16, which arrived at Naples on 10 October. She then sailed to Taranto, Italy, from where she departed on 24 October with Convoy HP 1, which arrived at Piraeus Greece on 27 October. Listed as a member of Convoy PH 5, she actually departed from Piraeus on 22 November under escort for Bari, Italy. Empire Faun departed from Bari under escort on 31 December and arrived at Ancona, Italy the next day.

Empire Faun departed from Ancona on 2 February 1945 as a member of Convoy HA 9/2, which arrived at Bari two days later. In 1945, management was transferred to the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd. Her Code Letters were later changed to MLZQ.

In 1951, Empire Faun was loaned to the Greek Navy and renamed Poseidon.  In 1959, Poseidon was transferred to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary as RFA Sirius. The Pennant number A345 was allocated. In 1962, RFA Sirius was sold to the Greek Navy.

References

1942 ships
Ships built in Goole
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Auxiliary ships of the Hellenic Navy
Ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
Treering. Treering is a Silicon Valley, CA-based technology company providing on-demand digital printing of customizable school yearbooks in the US and Canada.

The company designed free software with social-networking features allowing the creation of personalized yearbooks. The company also offers a business model which eliminates the financial cost of yearbooks for schools.

Features
Treering's publishing platform allows the high school community to collaborate on web-based yearbooks saved using cloud storage. Users can add, share, and comment on photos, memories, and events. Students and their parents can customize their copy of the school yearbook by uploading their own content for personalized pages. As a result, in addition to a print version, schools can opt to share an online yearbook.

The company's business model does not impose any financial obligation on schools signing up with Treering. Unlike traditional publishers' business models based on offset printing techniques, there are no minimum orders. The ordering and paying for yearbooks is done online.

Business activities
In 2012, Treering printed 125,000 yearbooks and raised $3.6 million in the first round of venture funding in Silicon Valley. Investors included Mike McCue, Rich Barton, Second Avenue Partners, Cedar Grove Investments, and others.

In 2013 the company served more than 2,000 schools across the US and was anticipating production of over 200,000 yearbooks.

Social responsibility
The company prints its yearbooks on recycled paper and plants a tree for every printed copy.

References

Further watching
  (3:12 minutes) 
 Treering's playlist on YouTube: news coverage from CBS, NBC, ABC, Fox, the CW, etc.

External links
 

Companies based in San Mateo, California
Technology companies established in 2009
2009 establishments in California
Web service providers
Yearbooks
Apache Struts. Apache Struts 2 is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model–view–controller (MVC) architecture. The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts 1 aiming to offer enhancements and refinements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. In December 2005, it was announced that WebWork 2.2 was adopted as Apache Struts 2, which reached its first full release in February 2007.

Struts 2 has a history of critical security bugs, many tied to its use of OGNL technology; some vulnerabilities can lead to arbitrary code execution. In October 2017, it was reported that failure by Equifax to address a Struts 2 vulnerability advised in March 2017 was later exploited in the data breach that was disclosed by Equifax in September 2017.

Features 
 Simple POJO-based actions
 Simplified testability
 Thread safe
 AJAX support
 jQuery plugin
 Dojo Toolkit plugin (deprecated)
 Ajax client-side validation
 Template support
 Support for different result types
 Easy to extend with plugins
 REST plugin (REST-based actions, extension-less URLs)
 Convention plugin (action configuration via Conventions and Annotations)
 Spring plugin (dependency injection)
 Hibernate plugin
 Support in design
 JFreechart plugin (charts)
 jQuery plugin (Ajax support, UI widgets, dynamic table, charts)
 Rome plugin

See also 

 List of application servers
Comparison of web frameworks

Citations

References

External links 
 

Struts 2
Cross-platform free software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Java enterprise platform
Web frameworks
Software using the Apache license
2006 software
Mae Wong Dam. The Mae Wong Dam (, , ) is a planned embankment dam on the Mae Wong River, a tributary of the Sakae Krang River, in Mae Wong District of Nakhon Sawan Province in western Thailand. The purpose of the dam is to control floods and supply water for irrigation. The dam's reservoir would be within Mae Wong National Park, which has drawn opposition.

Background
On 10 April 2012, Thailand's cabinet approved in principle the 13.2 billion baht dam project in response to water shortages in the dry season and heavy floods in the wet season. Opponents of the project state that it will eliminate around 1,760 hectares (17.6 km2) of low-lying forest, and reduce the habitat for animals in the national park which covers 900 km2.

In July 2012, a case was filed at Central Administrative Court against Yingluck Shinawatra, the cabinet, the director-general of the Royal Irrigation Department, and the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives by the Stop Global Warming Association and 151 persons representing environmental groups.

On 22 September 2013, the Bangkok Post said that in Bangkok, "Thousands of supporters turned out on Sunday to welcome the environmental campaigner Sasin Chalermlap, who arrived in Bangkok after a 388 km walk to protest plans to build a dam in Mae Wong National Park". Days later the Thai government announced that they would study an alternative to the dam. During a November 2013 hearing, locals reportedly supported the projects benefits and asked the government to pursue it. On 23 September 2013 the science and technology minister stated that construction of the dam will push forward.

Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha visited the area on 26 February 2016 and instructed his government to assess the pros and cons of the dam. He said that construction of the dam would be worthwhile if it could ensure water for 300,000 rai of farmland. The dam's reservoir would cover about 13,000 rai in Mae Wong National Park and would hold up to 250 million cubic metres of water. Critics say the dam would inundate 10,000-13,000 rai of forest.

In November 2016, the Central Administrative Court ruled that the cabinet resolution in favour of the dam should stand. It said that the government must complete all environmental and health impact assessment (EHIA) studies set out under the law before the dam can go ahead. According to the court, the cabinet resolution is only a procedure to seek endorsement for proceeding with construction. As a result, the cabinet resolution is legal and can stand.

References

External links
 Royal Irrigation Department

Dams in Thailand
Dam controversies
Proposed dams
2013 in Thailand
Thai Aviation Industries RTAF-6. The RTAF-6 (บ.ทอ.๖) is a Thai training aircraft developed from the Italian SIAI-Marchetti SF.260MT trainer, and built by Thai Aviation Industry.

Specifications

Operators

 Royal Thai Air Force

See also

References

RTAF-6
2010s Thai military trainer aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
List of aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force. The following is a list of aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force, past, present, and future.

Current

Armament

Gallery

Future aircraft

Purchase Programme
 Additional Saab JAS 39C/D Gripen fighters procurement – RTAF plans to purchase 3 additional Saab JAS 39C/D Gripen fighters.
 Additional KAI T-50TH Golden Eagle Lead-in fighter training procurement – RTAF plans to purchase 2 additional KAI T-50TH Golden Eagle which will increase the fleet size of this type from 12 to 14.
 New Multirole combat aircraft procurement - As a fleet of General Dynamics F-16A/B Fighting Falcon Block 15 ADF and Block 15 OCU are expected to retire within 2031., RTAF plans for a replacement aircraft which will be deployed in 103 Squadron at Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base. In the beginning, RTAF has made an intention to purchase the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II. However, United States has denied a request and offer Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon Block 70/72 and Boeing F-15EX Eagle II instead., causing the process to return to considering the selection of aircraft model again. After that, Saab also joined the competition by offering the latest JAS 39E/F Gripen while KAI offers KF-21 Boramae and FA-50 Fighting EagleAs of July 2024, RTAF has decided to choose Saab JAS 39E/F Gripen for the procurement, only waiting for final decision from the government

Upgrade Programme
 Northrop F-5TH Super Tigris upgrade – Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) has signed the contract with Elbit Systems, currently upgrading Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II which had avionics and weapons upgrades, becoming functionally equivalent to fourth generation fighter, it is equipped with new glass cockpit with Head-up display, EL/M-2032, tactical datalink, Sky Shield jamming pod and are capable of firing the beyond visual range air-to-air Derby missile. At first, RTAF has plan to upgrade 14 aircraft However, One upgraded F-5THF two-seat version crashed during training on 3 December 2021, resulting in final number reduced to 13.
 Dornier Alpha Jet TH upgrade – Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) has signed the contract with RV Connex, currently upgrading Dornier Alpha Jet A to equipped a new glass cockpit with Head-up display, new HOTAS controller and avionics upgrade from CMC Electronics with 14 aircraft planned.

Indigenous Programme
 RTAF-6 – Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) plans to produce 25 planes.

Historic aircraft
Aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force and its precursors, the Siamese Flying Corps (1914–1919), Royal Siamese Air Service (RSAS) (1919–1937) and Royal Siamese Air Force (RSAF) (1937–1939).

Gallery

See also
 Royal Thai Air Force Museum
 Military of Thailand
 Royal Thai Army
 Royal Thai Navy

References
Notes

Comments

Bibliography

 Wieliczko, Leszek A. and Zygmunt Szeremeta. Nakajima Ki 27 Nate (bilingual Polish/English). Lublin, Poland: Kagero, 2004. .

External links
 
 RTAF Official website (English version)
 Royal Thai Air Force Museum Many Historical Aircraft (English)
 Illustrated reports about the RTAF
 Globalsecurity.org

Thailand
Royal Thai Air Force

Thai military-related lists
MV Herma A. Herma A was a  Empire F type coaster that was built as Empire Faversham in 1944 by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was sold in 1947 and renamed Fawdon. A further sale in 1952 saw her renamed Maduni. In 1970, she was sold to Trinidad and renamed Herma A. She foundered at Port of Spain in 1975 during a storm.

Description
The ship was an Empire F type coaster built in 1944 by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle, United Kingdom.

The ship was  long, with a beam of . She had a depth of . She was assessed at , .

The ship was propelled by a four-stroke Single Cycle, Single Action diesel engine, which had seven cylinders of 8¾ inches (22 cm) diameter by 11½ inches (30 cm) stroke driving a screw propeller. The engine was built by Mirrlees, Bickerton and Day Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire. It was rated at 42 nhp.

History
The ship was built by Henry Scarr Ltd, Hessle, United Kingdom. She was laid down as CHANT 17 and later renamed Fabric 17 but was launched as Empire Faversham in June 1944 and completed in September 1944. Built for the MOWT, she was placed under the management of R H Hunt Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 180292 and Code Letters MLLZ were allocated. Her port of registry was Hull. Little is known of her history during World War II, but her Chief Steward was killed by enemy action on 5 November 1944.

Empire Faversham was sold in 1947 to the Whitehaven Shipping Co Ltd and was renamed Fawdon. She was operated under the management of Anthony & Bainbridge Ltd. In 1952, Fawdon was sold to Booker Brothers, McConnell & Co Ltd, Hull and was renamed Maduni. A new diesel engine was fitted in 1959. In 1970, Maduni was sold to Pedonomou Lines Ltd, Trinidad and was renamed Herma A. She foundered on 19 July 1975 in a storm while moored at Port of Spain, Trinidad.

References

1944 ships
Ships built on the Humber
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of Trinidad and Tobago
Maritime incidents in 1975
Deland Travel Air 2000. The Deland Travel Air 2000 is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Orlando Helicopter Airways, an aircraft maintenance and repair company located in DeLand, Florida. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction and marketed under the "Deland" brand, named for the company's location. Plans were also available.

Design and development
The Deland Travel Air 2000 was developed from the original 1920s vintage Travel Air 2000, with the incorporation of numerous airframe improvements and the use of a modern engine.

The aircraft features an interplane strut, cabane strut and cable-braced biplane layout, a three-seat open cockpit, with two passengers accommodated in side-by-side configuration in the front open cockpit and the pilot in the rear cockpit with a windshield. The aircraft has fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The Deland Travel Air 2000 is made from a combination of metal and wood, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The standard engine used is the  Thrust Mark VI powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passengers and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no-wind takeoff and landing roll with a  engine is .

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that one kit had been sold, completed and was flying.

Specifications (Deland Travel Air 2000)

References

Deland Travel Air 2000
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Timelines: Assault on America. Timelines: Assault on America is a real-time strategy game set in an alternate history World War II, developed by Hungarian studio 4Flash Interactive. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux, and for iOS and Android on February 17, 2015.

Plot 
On July 20, 1942, the United States’ Office of Strategic Services (OSS) takes advantage of information provided to them by the underground German Resistance against the Third Reich. The OSS launch Operation ‘Wolf’s Head’, where top marksmen hide among a rally given in honor of Adolf Hitler in Berlin, Germany, assassinating him there. The OSS also sabotages multiple planes carrying high ranking Nazi officials. Afterwards, control of the Third Reich is turned over to various Nazi generals. After multiple interrogations of German Resistance members, the Nazis find out about Operation Wolf's Head. In response, they put aside their secret plans to invade the Soviet Union, and instead extend the non-aggression pact with them. Germany then conspires with the Empire of Japan to mount an amphibious two front invasion of the United States. After a successful German invasion of Cuba, as well heavy naval build-up in the Pacific by Japan, the Axis powers begin their invasion of the U.S.

Gameplay 
The game featured conventional campaign style missions and multiplayer functionality. The game also featured learning Artificial Intelligence, internationalization and localization, and cross-platform compatibility.

Development 

The game was built on the Horde3D graphics engine and GLFW on desktop platforms.

Reception 
The game generally received mixed industry, media, and consumer attention, Softpedia rated the game 6/10 citing controller issues and RTS mechanics flaws. ActionRadius gave the game a low rating citing a lack of intuitive user interface and a lack of strategic depth. WW2 Games HQ rated the game 7/10. Strategy First ran several promotions for the game including free additional content.

References

External links 
 
 

2013 video games
Real-time strategy video games
Real-time tactics video games
Windows games
MacOS games
Linux games
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
Video games about World War II alternate histories
World War II video games
Strategy First games
Video games developed in Hungary
Video games set in the United States
War video games set in the United States
Video games set in Washington, D.C.
Fiction about invasions
Video games set in 1944