omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cessna Citation Hemisphere. The Cessna Citation Hemisphere was a business jet project by Cessna.
Announced in November 2015, it was then expected to fly in 2019 but its development was suspended in April 2018 due to a delay in the development of its Safran Silvercrest engines.
It was designed for Mach 0.9 and would have a  range.

Development

Announced at the 2015 National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) conference with the widest cabin in its class, it was expected to fly in 2019.

Although the Snecma Silvercrest was originally selected, the process was re-opened to the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW800. The Silvercrest with over  of thrust was confirmed for the 2016 NBAA Convention, along the selection of Honeywell Primus Epic cockpit and Thales Group fly-by-wire flight control system.

The Silvercrest axial-centrifugal high-pressure compressor architecture is common below  but rare in its  range, and the pressure losses complexity at the final centrifugal stage made it slow to respond to commands in high altitude tests.
This made Dassault cancel its Silvercrest-powered Falcon 5X, but the Hemisphere business case depends on it as it could lead to the best fuel efficiency in the segment.
Textron is confident Safran can resolve the problems before the 2019 first flight.

In April 2018, development was suspended to see how Safran manage the Silvercrest problems before a decision on its continuation is made, or to defer it or to switch to another engine.
In May 2018, Safran announced it had launched a high-pressure compressor redesign for a go-ahead decision by the middle of 2019, after testing, shelving the Hemisphere program if problems cannot be fixed.
The redesigned compressor will be tested in July 2019 to prove the engine operation.

On October 15, 2018, fractional operator NetJets announced the purchase of up to 150 Hemispheres, priced at $35 million each, along 175 Citation Longitude, ordered for $26 million each.

In July 2019, Textron suspended the development as its Safran Silvercrest turbofans did not meet objectives. In October 2019, Textron reaffirmed that the project was still suspended, but not terminated.

Specifications

See also

References

Citation Hemisphere
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
Twinjets
Low-wing aircraft
Hemisphere
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
2010s United States business aircraft
Baker Rodrigo Ocumpaugh Monitoring Protocol. The Baker Rodrigo Ocumpaugh Monitoring Protocol (BROMP) is a momentary time-sampling method for quantitative field observations such as those used in classroom observation. BROMP was originally developed by Ryan S. Baker to study student engagement in online learning. Afterwards, it was adapted for use in the Philippines by Ma. Mercedes Rodrigo, and to study student emotion. It was systematized by Jaclyn Ocumpaugh in two coding manuals, the first in 2012, and the second in 2015. It was adapted for use in India by Chokanath Hymavathy and Viola Krishnamani. It has also been adapted for use in informal science education settings. Since its development, BROMP has been used in over 50 published scientific articles, by researchers at several universities.

As a momentary time-sampling method for classroom observation, a BROMP observer records students' emotions and behavior according to a pre-defined coding schema. BROMP observers view different students in turn, and take notes using an Android app that records data. This app synchronizes with an internet time server. BROMP observations are carried out by field observers trained and certified through a multi-day training process; according to a 2020 book chapter, there are around 150 BROMP-certified coders in 6 countries. Training methods involve both training in coding affect and engagement, and training in observing students non-obtrusively. It is distinguished from other coding systems for emotion, such as Facial Action Coding System, by its use of holistic coding methods.

BROMP has been used with several coding schemes. According to the 2015 coding manual, the most common coding scheme, the "PSLC" scheme (named after the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center), consists of:

BROMP has been used to collect data for the development of automated detectors of student engagement and affect for commercial systems such as Cognitive Tutor. It has also been used to study and refine commercial products such as Reasoning Mind.

Though originally developed for studying online learning, BROMP is now used for research in traditional classrooms as well. BROMP was used by the Chennai Corporation to study the engagement of children in classes using different teacher practices. It has also been used in informal science education, as part of the instructional design and refinement practices of the Black Rock Forest.

A database of publicly released BROMP data, the BROMPpository, is available for research use.

See also 
 Facial Action Coding System
 Affective Computing

References 

Encodings
SS Normannia (1911). TSS Normannia was a passenger vessel built for the London and South Western Railway in 1911.

History

The ship was built by the Fairfield Govan and launched on 9 November 1911. With her sister ship  they were put on the service between Southampton and Le Havre. They were the first cross-channel steamers to be fitted with single-reduction geared Parsons turbines, which gave the vessels a speed of over 20 knots but also cut down on the vibration experienced by cross-Channel passengers.

She was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1914 and operated as a troopship during the First World War, she also brought home Elsie Cameron Corbett and others freed from captivity.

She was acquired by the Southern Railway in 1923.

On 30 May 1940 she was bombed and severely damaged during Operation Dynamo in the North Sea  off Dunkerque by Heinkel aircraft of the Luftwaffe. She was beached and abandoned.

References

1911 ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Clyde
Ships of the Southern Railway (UK)
Ships of the London and South Western Railway
Maritime incidents in May 1940
Shipwrecks of France
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine. Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in medical physics and biomedical engineering. It is the official journal of the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine and is recognized as an official journal of the International Organization for Medical Physics, Asia-Oceania Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics and the Biomedical College of Engineers Australia.

The journal was first published from 1977 to 1979 as Australasian Physical Sciences in Medicine, and from 1980 to 2019 as Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine, obtaining its current name in 2020. It has been published by Springer Science+Business Media since 2010. The journal replaced the earlier Australasian Bulletin of Medical Physics and Australasian Newsletter of Medical Physics, which were established in 1966 and 1959, respectively.

ACPSEM awards the Kenneth Clarke Award annually for the best original paper published by an ACPSEM member in the journal in the previous year.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
 Chemical Abstracts Service
 Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
 Scopus

References

External links

Medical physics journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1977
Conradson carbon residue. Conradson carbon residue, commonly known as "Concarbon" or "CCR", is a laboratory test used to provide an indication of the coke-forming tendencies of an oil. Quantitatively, the test measures the amount of carbonaceous residue remaining after the oil's evaporation and pyrolysis. In general, the test is applicable to petroleum products which are relatively non-volatile, and which decompose on distillation at atmospheric pressure. The phrase "Conradson carbon residue" and its common names can refer to either the test or the numerical value obtained from it.

Test method
A quantity of sample is weighed, placed in a crucible, and subjected to destructive distillation. During a fixed period of severe heating, the residue undergoes cracking and coking reactions . At the termination of the heating period, the crucible containing the carbonaceous residue is cooled in a desiccator and weighed. The residue remaining is calculated as a percentage of the original sample, and reported as Conradson carbon residue.

Applications
 For burner fuel, Concarbon provides an approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners.
 For diesel fuel, Concarbon correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits, provided that alkyl nitrates are absent, or if present, that the test is performed on the base fuel without additive.
For motor oil, Concarbon was once regarded as indicative of the amount of carbonaceous deposits the oil would form in the combustion chamber of an engine. This is now considered to be of doubtful significance due to the presence of additives in many oils.
 For gas oil, Concarbon provides a useful correlation in the manufacture of gas there from.
 For delayed cokers, the Concarbon of the feed correlates positively to the amount of coke that will be produced.
 For fluid catalytic cracking units, the Concarbon of the feed can be used to estimate the feed's coke-forming tendency.

See also
Ramsbottom Carbon Residue

References

Petroleum technology
Geochemical processes
Petroleum industry
Samuel N. Alexander. Samuel Nathan Alexander (February 22, 1910 in Wharton, Texas – December 9, 1967 in Chevy Chase, Maryland) was an American computer pioneer who developed SEAC, one of the earliest computers.

Career
Alexander studied at the University of Oklahoma, earning a bachelor's degree in 1931 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a master's degree in 1933. After that, he was an engineer in the laboratory of Simplex, Wire and Cable Company, worked in the electronic instrument development for the U.S. Navy and was Senior Project Engineer at the Bendix Aviation Corporation. In 1946 he went to the National Bureau of Standards, where he became head of the Laboratory of electronic computer until 1954,  when he became head of the data processing department. From 1964 to his death in 1967 he headed the Department of Information Technology. Alexander assisted Margaret R. Fox in developing a series of college computer courses beginning in 1966.

At the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, he developed the SEAC computer (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer). At first this was named National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Interim Computer. It was one of many computers built at that time along the lines of John von Neumann's design in universities, laboratories and government organizations, but were only intended as an interim solution until the industry could provide better computer. In this case, they were waiting for a computer by UNIVAC (Alexander was also involved in its design), whose delivery had been delayed. Alexander's chief architect was Ralph J. Slutz (1917-2005) who previously worked with John von Neumann to build a computer at the Institute for Advanced Study.

The SEAC was the first fully functional electronic computer with internal program memory (stored program) in the U.S. it also was the first computer with semiconductor logic (first 10,500, then 16,000 germanium diodes), in addition to the 747 and later 1600 vacuum tubes. The computer operated for 14 years and was originally intended for training purposes within government agencies, but some of the earliest assemblers and compilers were built for it. It was the fastest fully functional computer for about a year until the UNIVAC I came out in 1951. It also served as a model for other government computers e.g. with the National Security Agency.

Alexander also initiated the prototype DYSEAC at the NBS, a successor to the SEAC, which was built for the US Signal Corps. It was delivered in 1954 and could be transported in a truck.

He was an advisor to the US government and, in 1956 to Sweden and, in 1957, India.

In 1967 he received the Harry H. Goode Memorial Award and the 1981 Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE Computer Society. He was a member of the Washington Academy of Sciences.

References

American computer scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
1910 births
1967 deaths
American computer science educators
Bendix Corporation people
List of bridges in Bangladesh. 

Historical or architectural interest bridges

Major bridges 
This table presents a non-exhaustive list of the road and railway bridges with spans greater than  or total lengths longer than .

Alphabetical list

Flyovers and overpasses

See also 

 Transport in Bangladesh
 Rail transport in Bangladesh
 List of roads in Bangladesh
 Geography of Bangladesh
 List of rivers of Bangladesh

References 
 Notes

 Nicolas Janberg, Structurae.com, International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering

 Others references

Further reading

External links 

Bangladesh

Bridges
b
Kenya Electricity Transmission Company. Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited, commonly referred to as KETRACO, is a wholly-owned parastatal of the Government of Kenya which serves as the primary Transmission System Operator in the Republic of Kenya.

Overview 
Prior to the year 2008, the transmission of electricity in large quantities in Kenya was carried out by Kenya Power and Lighting Company, which also handled electricity generation and distribution to the public. As part of efforts to make electricity delivery more efficient, the government incorporated KETRACO in December 2008 with the mandate of taking over the role of bulk electricity transmission in the country as well as maintenance of the National Transmission Grid. It is mandated to "plan, design, construct, own, operate and maintain high voltage electricity transmission grids, as well as the regional interconnectors". It is responsible for high voltage lines and substations with 132kV and above.

KETRACO is responsible for the maintenance of electricity grid networks and transformers with voltages of 132kV, 220kV, 400kV, and 500kV. Additionally, the company is in charge of designing, building, and maintaining interconnectors with neighbouring foreign countries, which enables Kenya to sell to, buy from, or transmit electricity between her neighbours, as well as to participate in the Eastern Africa Power Pool.

As of December 2017, KETRACO had completed the construction of  of high voltage electricity lines in the country. At that time, a total of  of high voltage electricity lines were under implementation.

Location
The headquarters of KETRACO are located at Kawi Complex, Popo Lane, Off Red Cross Road, in the South C neighbourhood of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.

See also
 Kenya Electricity Generating Company

References

External links
 KETRACO official page
  List of  of Planned High Voltage Lines As of 31 December 2017.

Companies based in Nairobi
Government-owned companies of Kenya
Electric power transmission system operators in Kenya
Energy companies established in 2008
Kenyan companies established in 2008
Electric power companies of Kenya
Paramotor Mosquito. The Paramotor Mosquito is a Polish paramotor that was designed by Ryszrd Zygadio and produced by Paramotor Napedy Paralotniowe () of Warsaw for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Mosquito was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single engine in pusher configuration with a reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller, all depending on the model. The aircraft is built from a combination of  aluminium, with a stainless steel tube propeller cage.

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Variants
Mosquito M21Y
Model with a  Cors'Air M21Y engine in pusher configuration with a 2.5:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is , with  optional.
Mosquito 120
Model with a  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3.6:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .
Mosquito Radne 100
Model with a  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3.6:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .
Mosquito Top
Model with a  Per Il Volo Top 80 engine in pusher configuration with a 4:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is , with  optional.

Specifications (Mosquito Top)

References

External links

Mosquito
2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Joyanti Chutia. Joyanti Chutia is an Indian physicist who specializes in solid-state physics and plasma physics. She was among the first women who have headed scientific institutions in India when she became the director of the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology in Guwahati, Assam, which is the first major research institution in North East India. She is a fellow of National Academy of Sciences. She is an emeritus scientist at the Department of Science & Technology in the Government of India.

Early life and education 
Chutia was one of the first girls to take Mathematics as a main subject in her school. She later studied physics at Cotton University, Assam where she obtained a BSc in 1967. She continued teaching at Cotton College before obtaining an MSc in physics at Dibrugarh University in 1969. Following this, Chutia taught for some time as a lecturer, eventually deciding to continue with research by pursuing a PhD at Dibrugarh University on a fellowship in 1976. Her research focused on the conduction mechanism of thin polymer films and she was awarded her degree in 1981.

Career 

After her PhD, Chutia continued her research at Dibrugarh University for another year as a CSIR-postdoctoral fellow.
She entered the field of plasma physics at the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad and then joined the Institute for Plasma Research in Gandhinagar.
She then returned to the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology as a faculty member and set up the Plasma Physics Laboratory.

After finishing a fellowship awarded by the Japanese government in 1988 to work at the Plasma Laboratory of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo, in 2005 she became the director of the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology.

Research 
Chutia's research focuses on biomedicine, material science and biotechnology. Her research has led to the development of a highly durable and degradable wound suturing material from Muga Silk.

References

External links 
 
 
 

1948 births
Living people
Indian women physicists
20th-century Indian physicists
Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India
20th-century Indian women scientists
People from Sivasagar district
Scientists from Assam
Women scientists from Assam
Cotton College, Guwahati alumni
Dibrugarh University alumni
Jindo–Jeju HVDC system. The Jindo–Jeju  HVDC system  is a 105 km HVDC submarine cable connection in South Korea between the island of Jindo, close to the Korean Peninsula, and the more distant island of Jeju.  The system has a capacity of 400 MW and transmission voltage of ±250 kV and was put into service in 2014.  It is the second HVDC link to Jeju Island, after the Haenam–Cheju link completed in the late 1990s (the spelling of the island’s name was changed from Cheju to Jeju in 2000).

The Jindo–Jeju HVDC system is owned and operated by Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).  The cables were designed and built by LS Cable and System and the converter stations were designed and built by Alstom Grid.

The scheme is bipolar but unlike the Haenam–Cheju connection, which used a relatively conventional arrangement with two high-voltage cables and a sea return, Jindo–Jeju HVDC system uses metallic return with a total of four cables:  three high-voltage cables and one medium-voltage cable.    The high-voltage cables use mass-impregnated paper as the insulation material while the medium-voltage cable uses Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation.

Two of the high-voltage cables are normally used as the respective high-voltage conductors for the two converter poles and the medium-voltage cable is normally used as the neutral return conductor, but the third high-voltage cable is capable of being connected in parallel with, or instead of, any of the other three cables, giving a large number of possible operating modes.

The converter stations use Line-Commutated Converters with a conventional arrangement of a single Twelve-pulse bridge per pole.

Sites

See also
HVDC Haenam–Cheju

References

External links 

HVDC transmission lines
Converter stations
Energy infrastructure in South Korea
2014 establishments in South Korea
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014