omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Instruction window. An instruction window in computer architecture refers to the set of instructions which can execute out-of-order in a speculative processor.

In particular, in a conventional design, the instruction window consists of all instructions which are in the re-order buffer (ROB). In such a processor, any instruction within the instruction window can be executed when its operands are ready. Out-of-order processors derive their name because this may occur out-of-order (if operands to a younger instruction are ready before those of an older instruction).

The instruction window has a finite size, and new instructions can enter the window (usually called dispatch or allocate) only when other instructions leave the window (usually called retire or commit). Instructions enter and leave the instruction window in program order, and an instruction can only leave the window when it is the oldest instruction in the window, and it has been completed. Hence, the instruction window can be seen as a sliding window in which the instructions can become out-of-order. All execution within the window is speculative (i.e., side-effects are not applied outside the CPU) until it is committed in order to support asynchronous exception handling like interrupts.

This paradigm is also known as restricted dataflow because instructions within the window execute in dataflow order (not necessarily in program order) but the window in which this occurs is restricted (of finite size).

The instruction window is distinct from pipelining: instructions in an in-order pipeline are not in an instruction window in the conventionally understood sense, because they cannot execute out of order with respect to one another. Out-of-order processors are usually built around pipelines, but many of the pipeline stages (e.g., front-end instruction fetch and decode stages) are not considered to be part of the instruction window.

See also
Superscalar processor

References

Computer architecture
Instruction processing
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. The Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers both basic research on magnetism and technological applications including magnetic recording. In addition to full-length research articles, it publishes review articles and rapid communications ("Letters to the Editor"). A special section, "Information Storage: Basic and Applied", covers topics on magnetic media. The editor-in-chief is S. D. Bader (Argonne National Laboratory).

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in over forty databases, including Current Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth Sciences, Compendex, Inspec, CSA/ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts, and Scopus.

Notable articles 
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 3.046, ranking it 22nd out of 67 journals in the category "Physics, Condensed Matter" and 82nd out of 285 journals in the category "Materials Science, Multidisciplinary".

In June 2017, the three most highly cited articles were:
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See also 
 List of scientific journals in physics

References

External links 
 

Physics journals
Elsevier academic journals
Biweekly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1975
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the basic physics of magnetism, magnetic materials, applied magnetics, magnetic devices, and magnetic data storage. The editor-in-chief is Amr Adly (Cairo University, Egypt).

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, Scopus, CSA databases, and EBSCOhost. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a recent impact factor of 2.1.

References

External links 
 

Physics journals
Materials science journals
Transactions on Magnetics
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1965
Baumann Crag. Baumann Crag () is a rock crag rising to  and forming the south end of Halfway Nunatak, Victoria Land. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1994 after Christopher C. Baumann, United States Geological Survey (USGS) cartographer; member of the satellite surveying team at South Pole Station, winter party 1984; leader of the USGS mapping control field team on Seymour Island, summer season, 1992–93.

References
 

Mountains of Victoria Land
Scott Coast
Graphisoft BIM Server. Graphisoft BIM Server is software for building information model based team collaboration developed for architects, interior designers and planners by Graphisoft. Graphisoft BIM Server acts as a central file storage, document and version management tool and a framework for facilitating interaction and collaboration between architects working with multiple ArchiCAD instances on the same project file from remote locations over the Internet. The necessary client-side software is a built in component of ArchiCAD versions starting with version 13.

Features 

Graphisoft's BIM Server is based on a patented technology.

Graphisoft's latest collaboration solution —unlike the former TeamWork feature which was a file-based technology without a server-side component— is a database driven technology, therefore every time a change is sent to the centrally administered project, not the whole project, but only the changed elements are sent between clients and the server. This drastically decreased the volume of the necessary network traffic compared to the previous technology, facilitating a practically real-time collaborative environment between remote users with ordinary internet connection.

Graphisoft BIM server allows to set up different users and roles for the shared projects, where architects and draftsmen can easily reserve certain parts of the project to further elaborate. In the meantime other members can easily identify who is currently working on a specific building element. Having finished the actual tasks, a user can release the previously reserved elements or other group members can request the release with the built-in communication functions such as instant messages within ArchiCAD between team members.

References 

Computer-aided design
Building information modeling
BIM software
Graphisoft MEP Modeler. Graphisoft MEP Modeler (where MEP stands for Mechanical/Electrical/Plumbing) is an extension to Archicad, Graphisoft's architectural design tool to create three-dimensional models of ductwork, piping and electrical networks in order to make the building information model of the designed building more detailed an accurate. 

Since Archicad is primarily used by architects, the building parts which are usually modeled in 3D with Archicad are walls, columns, slabs, roofs, etc. and some other objects like furniture. But when detailed plans are to be elaborated especially if the project is a medium or large-sized building, collision detection and constructibility are becoming more and more important in order to minimize design errors and unnecessary delays during construction. This is where MEP Modeler can help building engineers and architects to create a more detailed building model with ductworks and other HVAC systems modeled in 3D in order to achieve a better coordination between the different trades such as building engineers, structural engineers and architects.

Features 

Graphisof MEP Modeler supports both the creation of MEP models from scratch — based on 2D plans provided by engineers — and the import of 3D data created with other MEP software products such as AutoCAD MEP or Revit MEP. The software provides three basic features:
 MEP Toolbox is a set of dedicated tools (just like the Wall Tool or Window Tool) for modeling and editing ducts, pipes and other system components.
 MEP Library is a library of parametric objects representing different parts of MEP systems with smart connections and other additional parameters needed for building engineering.
 MEP Systems is a feature which helps the organization of various MEP systems beyond a simple grouping feature.

References

External links
 

Computer-aided design
Building information modeling
GWR 157 Class. GWR 157 Class may refer to either of two classes of Great Western Railway engine:

 "Sharps" or 157 Class (ten 2-2-2 locomotives built in 1862 to Gooch's design)
 157 Class (ten new 2-2-2 locomotives built in 1878 by Dean, supposedly rebuilds of the Gooch engines and also known as "Sharpies" or "Cobhams")
Humite (mineral group). The humite group is a group of nesosilicates with the general formula .  

When A is predominantly magnesium we have the humite subgroup:
norbergite, 
chondrodite, 
humite, 
clinohumite, 

The manganese-humite subgroup has members 
alleghanyite, 
manganhumite, 
sonolite, 

and the leucophoenicite subgroup has members
ribbeite, 
leucophoenicite, 
jerrygibbsite 

Chondrodite is the most common member of the humite group.  It may contain Ti up to 9.6% .  Chondrodite from Sterling Hill Mine and Franklin Mine contains zinc to 11.5% ZnO and Mn to 36% MnO, and grades to alleghanyite.

The humite minerals commonly alter to serpentine or Mg-rich chlorite and dissolve by weathering, leaving iron oxide residues.

References
International Combustion. International Combustion Limited was a major engineering business based in Derby offering products for the nuclear engineering industry. International Combustion Australia Limited was a separate non-affiliated company.

History
The Company was founded by W. R. Wood, an American, in 1898 in London as the Automatic Furnance Syndicate. It changed its name to the Underfeed Stoker Company in 1902 and then to International Combustion Engineering when it moved to Derby in 1922. At that time it concentrated on the production of castings from its new foundry.

By 1959 it had expanded its activities such that it was awarded the contract to provide the boilers for Trawsfynydd nuclear power station. It was acquired by Clarke Chapman in 1974 and then absorbed into Northern Engineering Industries ('NEI') in 1977; in 1989 NEI was itself acquired by Rolls-Royce plc and they decided to pass on International Combustion to ABB Group in 1997.

References

External links
 Grace's guide

Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies established in 1898
Companies based in Derby
1898 establishments in England
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1997
1997 disestablishments in England
GWR 927 Class. The 927 Class or Coal Goods was series of 20 0-6-0 freight steam locomotives designed by Joseph Armstrong for the Great Western Railway, and built at Swindon Works in 1874. They were numbered in the series 927–946.

Design
The 927s were essentially a variant of Armstrong's own Standard Goods (388) Class, with  driving wheels rather than  ones.

Use
They were specifically designed for the heavy trains between Pontypool Road and the Mersey that conveyed Welsh steam coal to the transatlantic shipping lines. (Previous GWR classes used on this work were Daniel Gooch's 79 Class 0-6-0s, and Gooch's later 0-6-0s built by Beyer, Peacock, the 322 Class).

Withdrawal
Most of the 927s were allocated to Birkenhead shed, and they were withdrawn between 1905 and 1928.

References

Sources

0927
0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1874
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
GWR 439 Class. The GWR 439 Class, nicknamed the Bicycle Class because of its unusual appearance, was a series of six  mixed-traffic engines designed by Joseph Armstrong for the Great Western Railway, and built at Swindon Works in 1868. The "Bicycles" worked at Northern Division sheds, running between Wolverhampton and Chester.

Design
Numbered in the series 439–444, the running plate of these inside-framed locomotives was raised, without splashers, above each of the large () driving wheels, rather giving the impression of bicycle wheels and mudguards.

Rebuilding
Most of the class was renewed at Wolverhampton railway works under George Armstrong in 1885 and 1886; the renewals were more conventional in appearance, with large splashers, but the class's nickname stuck. At first the renewals also ran on the same routes as their predecessors, though later some were transferred further south.

References

Sources

0439
2-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1868
Artwork (graphic arts). Artwork (also known as art layoutdrawing) is a type of drawing that serves a graphical representation of an image for its reproduction onto a substrate via various processes, such as silkscreen, label making and other printing methods. Transfer of the image often involves a photographic process.

Historically, some types of artworks were prepared on clear polyester drafting film or similar media for strength, durability and dimensional stability.  Modern artwork may be stored electronically, such as those created in Adobe Illustrator file format (.ai).

See also
 Engineering drawings
 Logo

References

Graphic design
Communication design
Pesa Elf. The Elf (Electric Low Floor) is an electric multiple unit developed by Polish rolling-stock manufacturer Pesa SA. It is intended for commuter and regional service where platform height is . It is based on earlier EMU designs named ED59 and ED74. A Pesa Elf was exhibited at InnoTrans 2010.

In 2016 a new version, Elf 2, was introduced, featuring new design. In 2019, Elf.eu – a multisystem version targeting EU markets – was introduced.

Operators

Gallery

References

External links

 Pesa Elf

Electric multiple units of Poland
PESA SA

3000 V DC multiple units
25 kV AC multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2011
Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology. Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology (SSIET) at Chembarambakkam, on the Chennai - Bangalore Highway, Tamil Nadu, India, is a private self-financing engineering institute. The college is approved by AICTE and is affiliated to the Anna University. The college was established on 9 September 1999.

Academics
SSIET offers seven courses leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), two courses leading to Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) and eight post graduate programmes.

Academics Departments of Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology 

1.  Mechanical Engineering

2.  Electronics & Communication Engineering

3.  Electrical and Electronics Engineering

4.  Computer Science and Engineering

5. M.E. (Applied Electronics).

Admission
The Undergraduate students are admitted based on their 12th standard (higher secondary school) scores. The admissions are done as per the Government of Tamil Nadu norms through State Government Counselling (TNEA)and through regulated management seat procedures.

References

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Chennai
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 1999
1999 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Benzyl carbamate. Benzyl carbamate is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OC(O)NH2. The compound can be viewed as the ester of carbamic acid (O=C(OH)(NH2)) and benzyl alcohol, although it is produced from benzyl chloroformate with ammonia.  It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents and moderately soluble in water.  Benzyl carbamate is used as a protected form of ammonia in the synthesis of primary amines.  After N-alkylation, C6H5CH2OC(O) group is removable with Lewis acids.

References

Benzyl compounds
Carbamates
Reagents for organic chemistry
SS Alk. Alk was a  cargo ship that was built in 1924 by Neptun AG, Rostock, Germany for German owners. She was seized by the Allies in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and was renamed Empire Contest. In 1946, she was allocated to the Soviet Union and renamed Vereshyagin (Верещагин). She served until about 1960, being deleted from Lloyd's Register in that year.

Description
The ship was built in 1924 by Neptun AG.

The ship was  long, with a beam of  and a depth of . The ship had a GRT of 1,175 and a NRT of 612.

The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke. The engine was built by Neptun.

History
Alk was built for Roland Linie AG, Bremen. Her port of registry was Bremen and she was allocated the Code Letters QLWM. By 1926, Norddeutscher Lloyd had taken over Roland Linie. In 1933, Alk was transferred to Argo Reederei AG, Bremen. In 1934, her Code Letters were changed to DOMF. In 1936, the company changed its name to Argo Reederei Richard Adler & Co.

In May 1945, Alk was seized by the Allies at Brunsbüttel. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Contest. Her port of registry was changed to London. The Code Letters GQXW and United Kingdom Official Number 180747 were allocated. She was placed under the management of W A Wilson Ltd.

In 1946, Empire Contesnt was transferred to the Soviet Government and was renamed Vereshyagin. Her port of registry was changed to Archangelsk. She served until c1960, when she was deleted from shipping registers.

References

1924 ships
Ships built in Rostock
Steamships of Germany
Merchant ships of Germany
World War II merchant ships of Germany
Ministry of War Transport ships
Empire ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the Soviet Union
Merchant ships of the Soviet Union
Project X (accelerator). Project-X is a proposed high-intensity proton accelerator complex which is to be built at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is planned to produce beams of different energies up to 8 GeV for precision experiments involving kaons and muons. The complex can also be used to create a high-intensity neutrino beam for neutrino oscillation experiments such as NOνA and the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment. Project-X will be based on superconducting RF components such as those developed for the International Linear Collider.

Immediate plans are for cost-effective upgrades in proton luminosity referred to as the Proton Improvement Plan-II. More future-thinking proposals see Project X as laying the groundwork for a possible Muon collider at the Fermilab site.

Background
Project X is a long range plan to bring accelerators at Fermilab campus to new frontiers. The plan for accelerators focuses on two of the three frontiers that are long-term plans of Fermilab. In the intensity frontier, the new high-intensity accelerators will support experiments that require intense particle beams to understand particles such as neutrinos, muons, kaons, and nuclei. In the energy frontier, the accelerators will support the detection of new particles and forces with potential future projects such as a multi-TeV Muon Collider.

Stages
The immediate plan of Project X is to focus on the intensity frontier. The project is broken down into 3 stages. Stage one includes upgrades to existing facilities to support immediate experiments. This stage has translated into work done in the Proton Improvement Plan. Stage two includes delivery of three concurrent beam levels: 2.9 MW at 3 GeV; 50–200 kW at 8 GeV and 2.3 MW at 60–120 GeV. Stage three is to build next generation accelerators as the front end to the energy frontier based on international collaboration in projects such as the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider.

References

External links
 Project X public website 

Fermilab
GWR 56 Class. The GWR 56 Class were  tender locomotives designed for the Great Western Railway by Joseph Armstrong and built at Swindon Works between 1871 and 1872.

Design and construction
There were 11 engines in the class, of which the prototype, No. 56 itself, was built in 1871; the remaining ten were numbered 717–726 and appeared the following year. They were built on Lot numbers 27 and 29 respectively. They were larger and longer than Armstrong's 439 and 481 classes, and the original boilers were of the type used for his goods engines. The driving wheels were  in diameter.

Use
Ahrons states that Nos. 56, 717, 719, 720 and 724 were allocated for 20 years to Weymouth, and that the rest were at Bordesley for even longer, hauling trains to Chester and Hereford. All ran more than a million miles, and they were withdrawn between 1903 and 1919.

Accident
On 12 November 1894, locomotive No. 720 was hauling a boat train that was derailed at Yetminster, Dorset due to flood damaged track.

References

Sources

0056
2-4-0 locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1871
Passenger locomotives
Common normal (robotics). In robotics the common normal of two non-intersecting joint axes is a line perpendicular to both axes.

The common normal can be used to characterize robot arm links, by using the "common normal distance" and the angle between the link axes in a plane perpendicular to the common normal. When two consecutive joint axes are parallel, the common normal is not unique and an arbitrary common normal may be used, usually one that passes through the center of a coordinate system.

The common normal is widely used in the representation of the frames of reference for robot joints and links, and the selection of minimal representations with the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters.

See also
 Denavit–Hartenberg parameters
 Forward kinematics
 Robotic arm

References

Robotics engineering