omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Louise Moody. Louise Moody is Professor of Health Design and Human Factors and is the Director of the Centre for Arts, Memory and Communities, Coventry University.

Education 
Moody was awarded her PhD from the School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Birmingham in 2002. Her doctoral thesis was entitled, Simulated Environments and Data Collection. Techniques for the Examination of Surgical Performance. She received a BSc in Psychology and Sports Science, also at the University of Birmingham.

Research and career 
Moody's research is multidisciplinary, focusing on improving wellbeing and health through the design and development of systems, services and new products, ensuring their functionality and desireability to end-users and stakeholders. Her projects have been supported by external funders such as Innovate UK, NIHR, MRC, Horizon Europe, and industrial and charity-based groups. Moody's research demonstrated that wearing a well-fitting, well-made uniform positively impacted the happiness and confidence of employees, particularly women, and she led a research project that supported research to develop a clothing range for young women with type 1 diabetes. She is the Human Factors theme lead for Devices for Dignity (D4D) Medtech Cooperative, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

Bibliography 

 'Exploring the relationship between uniform and perceived employee happiness and productivity', Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 27, 2 (2023) 311–334
 'Augmented Reality and Functional Skills Acquisition Among Individuals With Special Needs: A Meta-Analysis of Group Design Studies', R. S. Baragash, H. Al-Samarraie, L. Moody, & F. Zaqout, Journal of Special Education Technology, 37, 1 (2022) 74–81
 'Telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries: Progress, barriers, and policy recommendations', International Journal of Medical Informatics, H. Al-Samarraie, S. Ghazal, A. Ibrahim Alzahrani, & L. Moody (2020)

References 

Living people
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academics of Coventry University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tanja Zimmermann. Tanja Zimmermann (born August 10,  1967) is a Swiss materials scientist and wood researcher, professor of materials science and technology at the School of Engineering at EPFL and the Department of Materials at ETH Zurich, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

Since 2022, Zimmermann serves as the director of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) in Switzerland.

Biography 
Zimmermann was born in 1967 in Hamburg.

She pursued her studies in wood science and technology at the University of Hamburg in the years 1987–1992. She completed her MSc at EMPA, working upon the analysis and characterization of the surfaces of spruce wood. In the years 1994-2000, she worked as a research scientist at the wood department of Empa. During the period 2002-2006, she did her PhD studies on cellulose-based materials at Empa, in collaboration with the University of Hamburg.

Between 2010 and 2022, she served as the head of the Functional Materials Department, serving also as a co-head at the Research Focus Area Sustainable Built Environment at EMPA. Her research interests are focused on functionalised wood, cellulose-based materials with upgraded properties, and in addition, on adhesives and biodegradable products for sensor and energy uses.

She possesses over 100 publications in scientific journals, in the research area of wood science and technology. She has more than 8,000 international citations at Google Scholar.

In cooperation with her team members, Zimmermann has won several innovation awards, like the "Swiss Green Economy Symposium Award," the "Cadre d’Or" from Baukader Schweiz for the achievements in wood construction, and an award for the best innovative environmental technology at the Pollutec exhibition in Lyon.

Recognition 
 Fellowship, The International Academy of Wood Science (2010)
 SDG Award 2020, Swiss Green Economy (2020)
 Elected director of EMPA (2022)

References

External links 
 
 Scopus
 

Swiss scientists
Fellows of the International Academy of Wood Science
University of Hamburg alumni
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Wood scientists
Living people
1967 births
Inert salt. In chemistry, an inert salt is a salt used to adjust the ionic strength of a solution. This is usually done in equilibrium or kinetic studies in order to reduce relative changes in the ionic strength of a solution. The real goal is to reduce changes in the activity coefficients of ionic species which allows the definition of conditional equilibrium or rate constants.

Any salt will affect the ionic strength, inert salts have the additional property that both the cations and the anions of the salt do or should not not interfere in any way with the molecules that are investigated. They are supposed to only influence the ionic strength.

Typical inert salts that are used include: NaClO4, NaCl, KNO3, NaNO3, triflates (e.g. NaOSO2CF3). 

Inert salts are never perfectly inert and their use will always interfere with the process under investigation, although the influence may be negligible.

References

Salts
Equilibrium chemistry
Chemical compounds
Laboratory techniques
Catherine Bishop (scientist). Catherine Mary Bishop (born 1975) is a New Zealand academic materials scientist, and is a full professor at the University of Canterbury, specialising in materials modelling of metallic and ceramic materials.

Academic career

Bishop completed a Bachelor of Science degree at Carnegie Mellon University and a PhD titled Continuum models for intergranular films in silicon nitride and comparison to atomistic simulations at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under guidance of W. Craig Carter as thesis advisor. Bishop undertook postdoctoral research and a Career Development Fellowship at the University of Oxford, before joining the faculty of the University of Canterbury in 2008. She was promoted to full professor at Canterbury in 2022. Bishop has held visiting positions at both Carnegie Mellon and Oxford universities. She is part of the MacDairmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology research project Towards Zero Waste - Reconfigurable Systems. Bishop co-convenes an annual symposium Grain Boundaries, Interfaces, and Surfaces: Fundamental Structure-Property-Performance Relationships.

Bishop leads the Materials Cluster @ UC, an interdisciplinary research centre at Canterbury, working across the Colleges of Engineering and Science. She uses theoretical and computational materials to produce materials models, in order to better understand the structure and behaviour of metallic and ceramic materials. She has received funding from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment Smart Ideas fund to research reducing the carbon footprint of metal extraction industries in New Zealand using molten oxide electrolysis. Bishop was the lead investigator on a 2020 Marsden grant titled Are interface transitions the key to controlling ferroelectric aging and fatigue?, in collaboration with two professors at Purdue University.

Selected works

References

1975 births
Living people
New Zealand academics
New Zealand women academics
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Canterbury
New Zealand materials scientists
Recipients of Marsden grants
Augusta Deglava bridge. The Augusta Deglava bridge or the Deglava bridge is a traffic overpass in Riga over the railway lines Zemitani—Šķirotava and Rīga—Lugaži connecting Riga with Purvciem. The bridge is part of Augusta Deglava Street.

History 
The bridge was built using the precast concrete bridge method with only the posts having been made on site. The project was developed by Lengiprotrans company based in Leningrad by L. Isarov and A. Lavrentiev. Some 264 blocks 12–33 meters long each were made in Russian reinforced concrete construction factories. The construction works were carried out by the mobile construction unit Mostopoyezd No. 410 (Мостопоезд № 410) under the leadership of the chief engineer A. Rendelis, which had already built several bridges in Latvia before that, including the 13th January street bridge over the city canal in 1961 and the bridge over Lielupi in Jurmala. During the construction of the bridge, 498 6-10 meter long piles were driven and 9,000 m3 of reinforced concrete were used. Before the opening, the load-bearing capacity of the bridge was tested in the usual way at the time, by loading it with trucks whose cargo boxes were filled with sand and gravel.

The bridge was opened in 1966 and named after the Augusta Deglava street leading through it, which is named after the writer Augusts Deglavs. The name was officially given in 2014.

In 2018, after the inspections, the reconstruction began. The estimated price of the reconstruction was 4.27 million euros to rebuild the lighting, renovate the road surface and build new sidewalks, including a bicycle path, railings and safety barriers, as well as build an underpass. The construction works are taking place as part of the EU fund project.

References 

Bridges in Latvia
1966 establishments in Europe
Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program. The Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP) is a plan that aims to clear swaths of contaminated soil in Kuwait. Their main objective is oil spills following the 1991 Gulf War. The goal of the program is to clear a swath of ~. It is the largest inland environmental cleanup valued ~$3 Billion since the project's inception. 

A secondary goal of the KERP is to remove UXO and other remnants of war following the Gulf War. During the Gulf War the retreating Iraqi Army left behind an estimated 2 million landmines. Following previous UXO removal programs and the KERP, an estimated 1.65 million mines have been removed. However an estimated 350,000 mines remain in the Kuwait desert. 

In Late 2023 the KOC signed new contracts worth $1.7 billion expanding the program's funding and ability to effectively repair the environment and remove UXO.

Companies Involved 
The following companies have been approved by the KOC and have received contracts to work on their respective zones.

Management 
Worley (Project Management Consultants)

North Kuwait

Zone 1 
Total value of the Zone 1 contract is $193.58 million.
 Lamor Company
 JV of Khaled Ali Al Kharafiand Brothers for Construction Contracting

Zone 2 
Total value of the Zone 2 contract is ~$188 million.

 Kuwait Company for Process Plant Construction & Contracting (KCPC)

South Kuwait

Zone 1 
Total value of the Zone 1 contract is $196.53 million.

 Lamor Company
 JV of Khaled Ali Al Kharafiand Brothers for Construction Contracting

Zone 2 
Total value of the Zone 2 contract is $185.2 million.

 JV of Heavy Engineering Industries and Shipbuilding Company (HEISCO) 
 Hangzhou Zaopinst Co., Ltd

Zone 3 
Total value of Zone 3 contract is $250.6 million.

 Enshaat Al Sayer General Trading & Contracting Co.

Landmine Removal 

 SafeLane Global

History 

During the 1991 Gulf War, the retreating Iraqi Army 605-732 oil rigs on their way back to Iraq causing the Kuwaiti Oil Fires as a form of scorched earth warfare in an attempt to stop the coalition. During the 1991 and 2003 Iraq Wars there was lots of unexploded ordinance left in Kuwait. In 2013 the KERP was created by the KOC.

References 

Environment of Kuwait
Rolling contact fatigue. Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) is a phenomenon that occurs in mechanical components relating to rolling/sliding contact, such as railways, gears, and bearings. It is the result of the process of fatigue due to rolling/sliding contact. The RCF process begins with cyclic loading of the material, which results in fatigue damage that can be observed in crack-like flaws, like white etching cracks. These flaws can grow into larger cracks under further loading, potentially leading to fractures.

In railways, for example, when the train wheel rolls on the rail, creating a small contact patch that leads to very high contact pressure between the rail and wheel. Over time, the repeated passing of wheels with high contact pressures can cause the formation of crack-like flaws that becomes small cracks. These cracks can grow and sometimes join, leading to either surface spalling or rail break, which can cause serious accidents, including derailments.

RCF is a major concern for railways worldwide and can take various forms depending on the location of the crack and its appearance. It is also a significant cause of failure in components subjected to rolling or rolling/sliding contacts, such as rolling-contact bearings, gears, and cam/tappet arrangements. The alternating stress field in RCF can lead to material removal, varying from micro- and macro-pitting in conventional bearing steels to delamination in hybrid ceramics and overlay coatings.

Basics

Testing 
Testing for RCF involves several methods, each designed to simulate the conditions that cause RCF in a controlled environment. Here are some of the methods used:

 Twin-Disc Stands: This method uses two discs to simulate the wear the occur for rails and wheels.
 Scaled RCF Tests: These tests use two discs of different diameters.
 Three-Ball-on-Rod Tester: This is an economical RCF proof of concept test. It is performed to evaluate the influence of heat treatment, material, lubricant, and coatings on fatigue life.
 Lundberg-Palmgren Theory and ISO 281 Based Method: This method evaluates RCF reliability considering the contact load, the geometric parameters of contact pairs, the oscillation amplitude, the RCF reliability, and the material properties.

See also

References 

Materials degradation
Mechanical failure modes
Tribology
Friction
Jiuzhou Yunjian. Jiuzhou Yunjian (), also known as JZYJ, is a Chinese rocket engine design and production startup based in Beijing. 

Founded in 2017, the company specializes in methalox liquid rocket engines. Jiuzhou Yunjian aims to support the burgeoning commercial space sector in China by providing engine technologies for a variety of commercial space launch vehicles.

History

Jiuzhou Yunjian was established in 2017. In 2018, the company successfully tested the gas-generator, ignitor, and valves for its Lingyun engine. According to Chinese media and venture capital firms backing the company, Jiuzhou Yunjian aims to become China's equivalent of Aerojet Rocketdyne, a prominent American aerospace and defense company known for its rocket propulsion systems.

In 2019, launch startup Linkspace signed a contract with Jiuzhou Yunjian to supply engines for their hopper test vehicles.

Throughout 2021, the company conducted numerous hot fire tests of its Lingyun and Longyun engines. The same year, Jiuzhou Yunjian also signed a contract to provide engines for Rocket Pi's Darwin-1 reusable launch vehicle. Additionally, Jiuzhou Yunjian raised more than 100 million RMB in a Series A funding round in 2021.

In March 2024, Jiuzhou Yunjian delivered Longyun engines to a customer in flight-ready configuration for 10 km and 100 km hop tests.

Products 
The company's notable products include the  Lingyun and  Longyun engines, which have been developed to enable deep throttling capabilities, multiple restarts, and long-duration firings essential for reusable launch vehicles. In particular, the Lingyun engine is designed to power the first stage of launch vehicles, while the Longyun is used on the second stage.

Partnerships 
Jiuzhou Yunjian has partnered with multiple Chinese commercial launch providers to supply engines for their launch vehicles. In 2019, the company signed a contract with Linkspace to supply its Lingyun engine. 

In 2021, the company announced a collaboration with Rocket Pi to provide propulsion systems for the Darwin-1 reusable launch vehicle.

In 2022, the state-owned space contractor Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST) reportedly considered developing reusable launch vehicles with Jiuzhou Yunjian's engines, as evidenced by a paper published by SAST.

Jiuzhou Yunjian partnered with Space Epoch to supply engines for a stainless-steel rocket in 2023. Space Epoch has conducted tests on a stainless-steel propellant tank, which will be integrated with Jiuzhou Yunjian's Longyun-70 engine.

References

Aerospace companies of China
Chinese companies established in 2017
Figure AI. Figure AI, Inc. is a United States-based robotics company specializing in the development of AI-powered humanoid robots. It was founded in 2022, by Brett Adcock, the founder of Archer Aviation and Vettery. Figure AI's team is composed of experts from robotics, artificial intelligence, sensing, perception, and navigation, blending experiences from notable companies like Boston Dynamics and Tesla.

History
In 2022, the company introduced its prototype, Figure 01, a bipedal robot designed for manual labor, initially targeting the logistics and warehousing sectors.

In May 2023 the company raised $70 million from investors led by Parkway Venture Capital. 

On January 18 2024 Figure announced a partnership with BMW to deploy humanoid robots in automotive manufacturing facilities.

In February 2024, Figure AI secured $675 million in venture capital funding from a consortium that includes Jeff Bezos, Microsoft, Nvidia, Intel, and the startup-funding divisions of Amazon and OpenAI. The funding valued the company at $2.6 billion. It also announced a partnership with OpenAI. The collaboration includes OpenAI building specialized AI models for Figure's humanoid robots, allowing them to accelerate Figure's development timeline by enabling its robots to "process and reason from language".

Products

Figure 02 
On August 6, 2024, Figure AI unveiled the next generation of its humanoid robot, named Figure 02. Described by the company as the next step deploying humanoids for industrial use. Figure 02 features a sleeker and slimmer design compared to its predecsesor, with integrated cabling in its limbs. The battery capacity has increased by 50% over the previous generation. Additionally, the robot is equipped with 6 RGB cameras paired with an onboard vision language model. Powered by NVIDIA RTX GPU-based modules, its inference capabilities provide 3x of the computing power of the previous model. It is also equipped with microphones and speakers combined with a custom AI model, developed with Open AI, to facilitate conversational capabilities with humans. The redesigned five-fingred robotic hands have 16 degrees of freedom (DoF) and the ability to carry objects up to 25kg. Figure 02 robots are currently deployed to a BMW plant in South Carolina for testing and to collect training data for AI models.

References 

Robotics
Artificial intelligence
American companies established in 2022
Companies based in Sunnyvale, California
144 Squadron (Israel). 144 Squadron of the Israeli Air Force (IAF), also known as the Phoenix Squadron, operates Spark Nitsot UAVs out of Hatzor Airbase.

History 
The squadron was established in 1972 at the Etzion Airbase of the IAF, in the northeast Sinai, not far from the Gulf of Aqaba. The first planes that were taken in by the "Guardians of the Arava" squadron were IAI Nesher planes which was the first fighter plane produced by IAI according to the plans of the French Dassault Mirage 5. The first six planes landed at Etzion on 6 September 1972.

The arrival of 50 Mirage 5 jets was stopped due to an embargo imposed by the French government on arms trade with Israel in 1967. This accelerated the development of the Nesher jet by IAI, to fulfill the operational needs of the IAF. In the Yom Kippur War 1973 the squadron shot down 44 enemy planes, with no own losses and no casualties.

At the beginning of 1982, the construction of the new Ovda Airbase base was completed, a few kilometers from Etzion, in Israeli territory, within the Ovda Valley. This base as well as Ramon Airbase and Nevatim Airbase were built by the United States as compensation for the evacuation of the Sinai for the vast training areas there, and the departure of four airbases: Eitam, Rephidim, Ophira and Etzion.

144 Squadron moved to its new home at Ovda equipped with Kfir C-2 jets, which were a further development of the Nesher jet. In the middle of the 1980s, the improved Kfir C-7 arrived at the "Guardians of the Avara" squadron. In 1988, after major cuts in the military budget, they decided to close the Ovda Airbase as an operational wing and the School of Aviation Professions was transferred to the base.

So 144 Squadron together with 149 Squadron moved to Hatzor Airbase in 1988. There they took the place of two Kfir squadrons that had just been closed, 113 Squadron and 254 Squadron.

The 144 Squadron, which was the last to operate the Kfir, was chosen to be the last F-16A/B Netz squadron also, when in 1994 the jets began to arrive, a gift from the United States for the Israeli peace and security effort and to give up territories in exchange for peace. At the end of 2005 the squadron was closed.

UAV Squadron 
In August 2022 the squadron was re-opened at Hatzor Airbase as a UAV squadron.

The squadron is the first squadron to operate the Spark Nitzot (Orbiter 4) – as a new UAV in the Air Force and part of the "Storm Clouds" system that will be established in the IDF and is shared by air and ground forces.

References

External links 

 They left a mark and disappeared: the disbanded IDF units, mako.co.il (in Hebrew)
 Gardians of the Arava, iaflibrary.org.il (in Hebrew)
 144 Squadron, merchav-aviri.org (in Hebrew)
 144 Squadron, sky-high.co.il (in Hebrew)

Israeli Air Force
420 Squadron (Israel). 420 Squadron or "Fighter Aircraft Simulator Squadron" is a training unit in the Israeli Air Force (IAF), which operates flight simulators of combat aircraft as a network. The squadron was inaugurated in 2010 and is stationed at Hatzor Airbase.

Description 
The squadron includes trainers who simulate emergency situations for F-15A/B/C/D Eagle Baz, F-15I Ra'am, F-16C/D Barak and F-16I Sufa jets. In addition, there is a tactical trainer in the squadron called "Air Weapons Training Center".

In 2013, the mission training center (known as "Mal") was opened, which is able to simulate a mission and the flight of an entire structure in the air (four planes).

The trainers (the "simulators") are used to train aircrew members of the corps in various aspects of flight and air warfare and help maintain operational competence, at lower costs than the costs of flying a real aircraft. Also, there is a tactical simulator in the squadron, which enables joint training for pilots and flight controllers, which will start operating in about three years at the Hazor base. The new trainer also enables training of aircraft in a variety of structures and tasks.

References

External links 

Training units and formations of air forces
Israeli Air Force squadrons
2010 establishments in Israel
Military units and formations established in 2010