omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Municipal castings. Municipal castings refers to many products, including: access hatches; ballast screens; benches (iron or steel); bollards; cast bases; cast iron hinged hatches, square and rectangular; cast iron riser rings; catch basin inlet; cleanout/monument boxes; construction covers and frames; curb and corner guards; curb openings; detectable warning plates; downspout shoes (boot, inlet); drainage grates, frames and curb inlets; inlets; junction boxes; lampposts; manhole covers, rings and frames, risers; meter boxes; service boxes; steel hinged hatches, square and rectangular; steel riser rings; trash receptacles; tree grates; tree guards; trench grates; and valve boxes, covers and risers.

These products are covered by the Buy America Act of 1982. "By law, American-made municipal castings must be used in many federal, state and local-level public works infrastructure projects that are funded or financed with U.S. taxpayer dollars".

The Buy America Act states that transportation infrastructure projects must be built with iron, steel, and manufactured products in the United States. This relates to highways, bridges, airports, and tunnels funded by federal grants. There are severe penalties for not following the Buy America laws. 

The Municipal Castings Association is an organization made up of the following American manufacturers: Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Company, D&L Foundry and Supply, US Foundry, EBAA Iron, EJ, McWane, Neenah Foundry, and Spring City.

Municipal castings also have to follow the country-of-origin marking requirement laws. Every casting of foreign origin entering the United States has to be marked legibly with the English name. There is a special marking law for municipal castings that states they must be marked on the top surface of the casting, visible once the product is installed in the field, so that the general public can easily see country of origin. This means manhole or inlet frames must be marked on the very top surface or lip of the frame or the top surface of a manhole lid or grate.

References 

Road infrastructure
Louis Landweber. Louis Landweber (8 January 1912, New York City – 19 January 1998, Iowa City, Iowa), was a leading ship hydrodynamicist, known for Landweber iteration.

Education and career
Landweber received in 1932 a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the City College of New York. After graduation, he became a physicist at the United States Experimental Model Basin at the Washington Navy Yard. He received a master's degree in physics from George Washington University. Starting in 1940, he led a research group for mine-sweeping and other war-related activities. He received a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland and was promoted to the head of the hydrodynamics division of the David Taylor Model Basin in Carderock, Maryland, before leaving for a professorship at the University of Iowa. There he was a research engineer at the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research as well as a professor of mechanics and hydraulics at the University of Iowa, where he remained until his retirement in 1982.

He was married and had two sons, including mathematician Peter Landweber.

Awards and honors
1947 — U. S. Navy's Distinguished Meritorious Civilian Service Award
1978 — David W. Taylor Lecturer at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center
1978 — Davidson Medal from the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
1979 — special conference organized in his honor, the Third Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference of the American Society of Civil Engineers
1980 — election to the National Academy of Engineers
1993 — Sixth International Conference on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics held in his honor in Iowa City

References

1912 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American engineers
American marine engineers
City College of New York alumni
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
University System of Maryland alumni
University of Iowa faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Nanowire lasers. Semiconductor nanowire lasers are nano-scaled lasers that can be embedded on chips and constitute an advance for computing and information processing applications. Nanowire lasers are coherent light sources (single mode optical waveguides) as any other laser device, with the advantage of operating at the nanoscale. Built by molecular beam epitaxy, nanowire lasers offer the possibility for direct integration on silicon, and the construction of optical interconnects and data communication at the chip scale. Nanowire lasers are built from III–V semiconductor heterostructures. Their unique 1D configuration and high refractive index allow for low optical loss and recirculation in the active nanowire core region. This enables subwavelength laser sizes of only a few hundred nanometers. Nanowires are Fabry–Perot resonator cavities defined by the end facets of the wire, therefore they do not require polishing or cleaving for high-reflectivity facets as in conventional lasers.

Properties
Nanowire lasers can be grown site-selectively on Si/SOI wafers with conventional MBE techniques, allowing for pristine structural quality without defects. Nanowire lasers using the group-III nitride and ZnO materials systems have been demonstrated to emit in the visible and ultraviolet, however infrared at the 1.3–1.55 μm is important for telecommunication bands. Lasing at those wavelengths has been achieved by removing the nanowire from the silicon substrate. Nanowire lasers have shown pulse durations down to <1ps,  and enable repetition rates greater than 200 GHz. Also, nanowire lasers have shown to store the phase information of a pulse over 30ps when excited with subsequent pulse pairs. Mode locked lasers at the nano-scale are therefore feasible with such configurations.

See also

Molecular beam epitaxy
Nanolaser
Nanowires
Semiconductor lasers

References

Nanoelectronics
Semiconductors
Nanowire
Iruma Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF). The Iruma Helicopter Airlift Squadron () also known as the Iruma Helicopter Transport Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Air Rescue Wing. It is based at Iruma Air Base in Saitama Prefecture. It is equipped with CH-47J aircraft.

Tail marking

As with other helicopter airlift squadrons, it has the emblem of the Air Rescue Wing with a sticker stating the home base of the unit.

Aircraft operated
 CH-47J

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Naha Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF). The Naha Helicopter Airlift Squadron () also known as the Naha Helicopter Transport Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Air Rescue Wing. It is based at Naha Air Base in Okinawa Prefecture. It is equipped with CH-47J aircraft.

History
On March 7, 2018, on a training flight over Okinoerabujima in Kagoshima Prefecture, the rear cargo door of a CH-47J of the Air Rescue Wing fell off. The aircraft was doing take-off and landing drills. No injuries were reported.

Tail marking
As with other helicopter airlift squadrons, it has the emblem of the Air Rescue Wing with a sticker stating the home base of the unit.

Aircraft operated
 CH-47J

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Kasuga Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF). The Kasuga Helicopter Airlift Squadron () also known as the Kasuga Helicopter Transport Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Air Rescue Wing. It is commanded from Kasuga Air Base in Fukuoka Prefecture, but its aircraft are actually based at the nearby Fukuoka Airport. It is equipped with CH-47J aircraft.

Tail marking
As with other helicopter airlift squadrons, it has the emblem of the Air Rescue Wing with a sticker stating the home base of the unit.

Aircraft operated
 CH-47J

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Egemen HES. Egemen HES is hydro electric power station in Turkey. It is on Nilüfer River in Keles ilçe (district) of Bursa Province. The nominal power of the system is 19.92 MWe.  In 2015 it produced 95 GW-hr energy. It is operated by the  private Zaf Group. The net hydraulic head is .

References

Dams in Bursa Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
Keles District
Buildings and structures in Bursa Province
Metal-complex dyes. Metal-complex dyes are a family of dyes that contain metals coordinated to the organic portion.  Many azo dyes, especially those derived from naphthols, form metal complexes by complexation of one of the azo nitrogen centers.  The insertion of the metal into the organic ligand often involves redox reactions, e.g. pre-reaction of sodium dichromate with glucose.  Phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes, such as CuPc, are another important family of metal complex dyes.

References
Beauty.AI. Beauty.AI is a mobile beauty pageant for humans and a contest for programmers developing algorithms for evaluating human appearance. The mobile app and website created by Youth Laboratories that uses artificial intelligence technology to evaluate people's external appearance through certain algorithms, such as symmetry, facial blemishes, wrinkles, estimated age and age appearance, and comparisons to actors and models.

The Beauty.AI 2.0 contest caused great concern over important ethical issues with deep neural networks such as age, race and gender bias and lead to the creation of the Diversity.AI think tank dedicated to developing new methods for uncovering and managing bias in artificially intelligent systems. Beauty.AI was also an attempt to find approaches on how machines can perceive human face through evaluating particular features, commonly associated with health and beauty.

Concept
The Beauty.AI app was created by Youth Laboratories, a company based out of Russia and Hong Kong that focuses on facial skin analytics. The bioinformation company Insilico Medicine assists in the Beauty.AI app by testing its deep learning techniques to the app. One goal of the app is to reduce the need for human and animal testing as well as improving people's overall health. Its first contest was started in December 2016, and the results were announced in August 2016. More than 60,000 people submitted entries into the contest.

The mobile app uses artificial intelligence technology to inspect photographs for certain facial features in order to both determine a person's beauty through artificial means by multiple robots.

Part of the Beauty.AI app's purpose is to collect visual and anecdotal data to improve its creator's Youth Laboratories skin analyst skills.

Accusations of racism
There were a total of 44 individuals from different age groups and genders judged as the most attractive, with 37 white entrants, six Asian entrants, and one dark-skinned entrant. The app has received criticism from social justice advocates and computer science professionals.

However, Alex Zhavoronkov, PhD, chief science officer of Youth Laboratories and chief technology officer Konstantin Kiselev, both for Youth Laboratories, noted that a lack of data may have contributed to these results. Also, Kiselev added that another issue was that approximately 75% of entrants were white Europeans, whereas only 7% and 1% were from India and Africa, respectively. Kiselev stated that they would work on doing more and better outreach to these areas to improve in this area. Despite this, it was said by Dr. Zhavoronkov that the AI would discard photos of dark-skinned people if the lighting is too poor. Dr. Zhavoronkov vowed to weed out the issues for the next beauty pageant and to try to avoid a similar controversy in the future.

References

External links

Mobile applications
Skin care
Karuma–Kawanda High Voltage Power Line. The Karuma–Kawanda High Voltage Power Line is a high voltage electricity power line, under construction, connecting the high voltage substation at Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, in the Western Region of Uganda, to another high voltage substation at Kawanda, in the Central Region of Uganda.

Location
The 400 kilo Volt power line starts at the 400kV substation a Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, Kiryandongo District, in Uganda's Western Region, approximately , by road, north of Kampala, the capital and largest city in the country. The power line travels in a general south-easterly direction to end at another 440kV substation owned by Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL), located at Kawanda, in Wakiso District, a total distance of about .

Overview
The power line is being developed in tandem with the 600 MW Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station, whose output is expected to be consumed locally and the balance sold regionally, with Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo as potential customers. This power line is planned to evacuate the power from Karuma to Kawanda, where it can be distributed to the regional customers.

Associated power lines
Two other high voltage power lines are under construction to evacuate power from Karuma: (a) The , 400kV Karuma–Olwiyo High Voltage Power Line, connects Karuma Power Station to a substation in Olwiyo, Nwoya District, for onward transmission to Pakwach, Nebbi, Paidha, Arua, Koboko, Yumbe and Moyo. and (b) The  132 kV Karuma–Lira High Voltage Power Line, which connects Karuma to Lira.

Construction
Sinohydro Corporation Limited, the main contractor for the construction of Karuma Power Station is the contractor on this project. The supervising engineering company is "Intec Gopa International Energy Consultants". The budgeted cost of construction, including the cost of the other two energy evacuation lines from Karuma is approximately US$290 million.
Funding was obtained from the Exim Bank of China. Construction began in 2015, with commercial commissioning expected in 2018.

In March 2020, the Daily Monitor reported that, as of that date, 617 steel high voltage towers had been completed, out of a total of 639 needed to complete the line. That left 22 towers to completion, including 5 in Wakiso District, 4 in Luweero District, 2 in Nakasongola District and 11 in Kiryandongo District. Therefore, at that time, the line was 96.5 percent complete, with 3.5 percent uncompleted. Commissioning of the transmission line is scheduled for June 2020.

See also
Energy in Uganda
List of power stations in Uganda

References

External links
Website of the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited
Karuma Power Project Works Begin As Experts Meet Community

High-voltage transmission lines in Uganda
Energy infrastructure in Africa
Energy in Uganda
Pindar Van Arman. Pindar Van Arman is an American artist and roboticist based in Washington, D.C. His art focuses on designing painting robots that explore the differences between human and computational creativity.  Since his first system in 2005, he has built multiple artificially creative robots, including CrowdPainter, bitPaintr, and CloudPainter. His robotic systems typically paint with a brush on stretched canvas and have recently begun to concentrate on creative portraiture.

His work with CloudPainter was awarded First Place in Robot Art 2018, an annual AI and robotics art competition. Judges of the contest noted that "CloudPainter was able to paint evocative portraits with varying degrees of abstraction."

Van Arman graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1996 and went on to get his Masters from the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design at George Washington University in 2010.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American artists
Artificial intelligence art
Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
Corcoran School of the Arts and Design alumni
Robert Henry Bragg Jr.. Robert Henry “Pete” Bragg Jr. (August 11, 1919 – October 2, 2017), was a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in the UC Berkeley College of Engineering.

Education 
Bragg attended Tilden Technical High School and Woodrow Wilson Junior College in Chicago.
Bragg served in the military during World War II, and then used the money allotted to him from the G.I. Bill to attend Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), and pursue a career in physics.
Bragg earned a BS degree in 1949 and an MS degree in 1951 and subsequently worked for the Dover Electroplating Company and at the Portland Cement Association Research Laboratory.
He earned his PhD in physics from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1960, and worked for Palo Alto Research Laboratory for the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company from 1960 to 1969.

Career 
In 1969, the University of California at Berkeley hired him as a full professor,
and he also became a principal investigator at the Materials and Molecular Division at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
His research was in the areas of X-ray crystallography, eutectic solidification, and the properties of carbon materials.

While at Berkeley, Bragg served on the policy advisory board of the Black Studies program and managed the Chancellor's Fellowship Program providing opportunities for minority faculty.

Bragg retired from the Berkeley faculty in 1987, after a career that included service as Department Chair from 1978 to 1981. At the time he was one of six black faculty members.

In retirement, Bragg was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to conduct research at the University of Ife in Nigeria in 1992, and developed an exhibit for the Museum of African American Technology in Oakland.
In 1995, Bragg became a fellow of the National Society of Black Physicists.

He was not related to the British Bragg family of scientists.

References

1919 births
2017 deaths
American physicists
20th-century African-American scientists
21st-century African-American scientists
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Kennedy–King College alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
People from Jacksonville, Florida
African-American physicists
Aly El-Shafei. Aly El-Shafei is an Egyptian academic. He is professor for Mechanical Engineering at Cairo University in Egypt. He is an expert on rotordynamics, machinery diagnostics and vibration analysis.

Education 
El-Shafei holds a bachelor's and master's degree in mechanical engineering from Cairo University. He earned a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) in mechanical engineering.

Career 
From 1988 until 1990 he was assistant professor at the University of South Florida in Tampa, USA. From 1994 until 1997 he was the technical director of Ezz Group, a steel manufacturer. From 1998 until 2008 he was chairman for RITEC. From 2006 until 2008 he was assistant minister for technology development at the Ministry of Scientific Research. From 2008 until 2011 he was executive director of the Science and Technology Development Fund. From 2011 until 2014 he was chairman of the Mechanical Design and Production department at Cairo University.

El-Shafei also is a consultant to industry. He worked with companies like Assix International (USA), MTU (Germany), Mannesmann Demag (Germany), General Electric (USA), BAPETCO, SUCO and AOI (Egypt).

El-Shafei is known for his work on Squeeze Film Dampers. He is also known for his technology for the control of rotating machinery vibration and has three US patents in his name. In July 2017 El-Shafei won the Innovation Prize for Africa for his invention SEMAJIB (Smart Electro-Mechanical Actuator Journal Integrated Bearing). His invention boosts the performance of energy-generating turbines so the costs to produce power are reduced. The invention also reduces the need for regular maintenance. Siemens and General Electric (GE) both expressed interest in the invention.

He has written more than 80 papers on machinery diagnostics and rotordynamics. They were published in international journals and conferences.

Awards 
 2009: European Union's Research, Development and Innovation Programme
 2013: Egypt's Science and Technology Development Fund
 2017: Innovation Prize for Africa

References

External links
Publications on GoogleScholar

Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century Egyptian engineers
Academic staff of Cairo University
Egyptian mechanical engineers
Cairo University alumni
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
University of South Florida alumni
Electric wire ferrule. An electric wire ferrule  (sometimes electric end terminal) is a metal tube crimped over stranded wire to secure the strands within a screw terminal. Electrical insulation may be included to protect any exposed portion of the wire not completely inside the screw terminal post.

Stranded wire is preferred for most electrical applications because it is more reliable than solid wire.  It is more flexible and durable because repeated bending will not cause it to break. Stranded wire can be more difficult to terminate, because the individual strands tend to separate after insulation is removed.

By placing the end of the stranded wire in a ferrule, the strands stay together.

Color code

According to DIN 46228, color indicates the intended wire size. Some manufacturers use their own color codes that differ from the DIN.

See also
Electrical termination
Crimp (electrical)
Electrical connector
Solder joint

References

External links
Ferrules: Your Best Insurance Against Costly Connection Failure
Wire Ferrules

Electrical power connectors
Air Rescue Wing Hamamatsu Detachment (JASDF). The Air Rescue Wing Hamamatsu Detachment () is a unit of the Air Rescue Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is also known as the Hamamatsu Air Rescue Squadron. Responsible for airborne search and rescue, it is based at Hamamatsu Air Base in Shizuoka Prefecture. It is equipped with UH-60J and U-125A aircraft.

History
On October 17, 2017 UH-60J 58-4596 of the detachment crashed into the sea off Shizuoka Prefecture while conducting night rescue drills. Some wreckage was found but the four crew members were not located. Major searches continued with SDF assets and other parts were recovered. A private salvage company started work from November 2 and located part of the fuselage. In November parts of the aircraft were recovered including the Flight Data Recorder (black box) from a location approximately 31 kilometers south of Hamamatsu Air Base. On November 29 the body of one of the crew members was discovered in the wreckage.

Tail markings
Detachment UH-60J aircraft do not have special markings. JASDF aircraft usually have unit markings on their tail, but U-125A aircraft of the Air Rescue Wing have a marking on their fuselage, usually with a sticker below showing which base they are assigned to.

Aircraft operated
 UH-60J
 U-125A

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force