omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Narrow-gauge railways in the Netherlands. Numerous industrial narrow-gauge lines were built for peat extraction, clay extraction for brickworks and construction sites. The dominant gauge for industrial lines was , contrary to the  gauge used in neighbouring countries.

Nowadays, much of this industrial rail heritage is preserved in museums or in theme parks, such as the Efteling Steam Train Company.

The majority of the Dutch narrow-gauge railways were built as steam tram networks, predominantly with  and  track gauge.

Tram

 Geldersch-Westfaalsche Stoomtram-Maatschappij; 
 Geldersche Stoomtramweg Maatschappij; 
 Rotterdamse Tramweg Maatschappij; 
 Stoomtram Walcheren; 
 Tramweg Maatschappij De Graafschap; 
 Tramweg Maatschappij Zutphen-Emmerik; 
 Tramweg Onderneming Gouda-Bodegraven;

Narrow-gauge heritage railways

 Amsteltrein; , 3,7 km, park railway
 Decauville Spoorweg Museum (Permanently closed in 2014)); 1,2 km  and  running line and , , , , , , , , ,  and  collection, mainly focused on (Decauville) field railways.
 Eerste Drentse vereniging van Stoomliefhebbers in the peat heritage museum in Barger-Compascuum; 4 km, .
 Efteling Steam Train Company, , amusement park
 Gelderse Smalspoor Stichting; , brickworks
 Industrieel Smalspoor Museum; , a former peat railway
 Stichting Rijssens Leemspoor; , industrial and park
 Stichting voorheen RTM; , preserves the heritage of the Rotterdamse Tramweg Maatschappij. 
 Stoomtrein Valkenburgse Meer; , 4.5 km, part of the Nationaal Smalspoormuseum (National Narrow-gauge Railway Museum)

See also 
 Argentine Salt Works Railway A  gauge railway in Argentina.
 Donon Light Railway, former German forest railway in what is now France
 Ledesma Mill Railway A  gauge railway in Argentina.

References

Railway lines in the Netherlands
 
1200 mm gauge railways
Albatros C.XIV. The Albatros C.XIV was a German two seat, single engine, biplane fighter aircraft built in 1918. Only one was constructed.

Design and development

After experimenting in 1917 with Idflieg two seat CL-class aircraft based on their single seat D.V, Albatros returned to the two bay biplane layout and flat sided fuselage of their earlier C types with the C.XIV.

The wings of the C.XIV were straight edged and of constant chord, with the two bays formed by parallel pairs of interplane struts.  The C.XIV was the first Albatros C type to include stagger. The upper wing, held well above the fuselage on a cabane, had a semicircular cut-out to improve the pilot's vision from the forward of two tandem, open cockpits.  Ailerons, which increased in chord outwards behind the inner line of the trailing edge, were fitted to this wing.

The C.XIV was powered by a  Benz Bz.IVa, mounted with the upper parts of its six inline cylinders partly exposed.  It had a tall exhaust which reached over the wing leading edge-mounted radiator. The tailplane was mounted at the bottom of the fuselage. The undercarriage was of the fixed type, with mainwheels on V-struts and a faired-in tailskid.

It first flew in the spring of 1918 but did not go into production.  Instead, it was modified into the larger but lighter C.XV which entered a production run ended by the Armistice with Germany.

Specifications

See also

References

C.XIV
Biplanes
1910s German fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.10. The Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.10 was an aircraft based on the B.E.2c, designed in May 1914. The aircraft was intended to be built with a fabric-covered steel-tube fuselage with pressed alloy sheet ribs, and full-length ailerons. Its wingspan was slightly less than that of the B.E.2c, while it also had a deeper coaming and utilized an oleo undercarriage with a small "buffer" nosewheel. As well, the aerofoil had a reflex trailing edge. Although 4 units were ordered from the Bristol Aeroplane Company, they were never completed before the order was cancelled.

Specifications

Notes

References

1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft
BE02
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Sea and Sky Cygnet. The Sea and Sky Cygnet (also known as the Krucker Cygnet) is an American amphibious ultralight trike that was designed by J.P. Krucker and initially produced by his company Krucker Manufacturing in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and later by Sea and Sky of Fort Walton Beach, Florida, United States. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category and the US light-sport aircraft rules. It features a strut-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, retractable wheeled tricycle landing gear and dual floats and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by struts and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The standard powerplants are the twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine, the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912UL and the  Rotax 912ULS engines. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the North Wings Pulse  and  sizes. The LSA-approved wings are the North Wing Mustang 3 in ,  and  and the Keitek Hazard.

Operational history
The Cygnet was awarded Best Trike at Sun 'n Fun in 2005.

Variants
Cygnet
Initial model
Cygnet 2
Improved model

Specifications (Cygnet 2 with North Wings Pulse 17 wing)

References

External links

Official video

2000s United States sport aircraft
2000s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Homebuilt aircraft
Toei 6000 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei) on the Toei Mita Line in Tokyo, Japan, between 1968 and 1999, and subsequently on the Chichibu Railway (since 1999), Kumamoto Electric Railway, and Kereta Commuter Indonesia in Indonesia (from 2000 until 2016).

Operations

The 6000 series operated on the Toei Mita Line from its opening in 1968.

History

The 6000 series won the 1969 Laurel Prize from the Japan Railfan Club.

Exterior

Originally delivered with unpainted stainless steel front ends, the blue bodyside bands were extended to the front ends from 1988.

Interior

Resale

Following withdrawal from the Toei Mita Line in 1999 and replacement by Toei 6300 series EMUs, a number of former 6000 series units were resold to other railway operators in Japan and also donated to KA Commuter Jabodetabek (at the time, it was Jabotabek Urban Transport Division) in Indonesia.
 Chichibu Railway 5000 series 3-car sets
 Kumamoto Electric Railway 6000 series 2-car sets
 KRL Jabodetabek 6000 series

Chichibu Railway 5000 series

12 former 6000 series cars were sold to the Chichibu Railway in 1999, where they were reformed as four three-car 5000 series sets.

The original Toei car numbers and subsequent identities were as follows.

Indonesia
72 former 6000 series cars were donated to KRL Jabotabek (later KA Commuter Jabodetabek) in Indonesia in 2000 as part of an Official development assistance (ODA) programme to upgrade commuter train services in the Jakarta area.

Eight six-car sets (6121, 6151, 6161, 6171, 6181, 6201, 6271, and 6281) and 24 middle cars were shipped to Indonesia, entering revenue service there from August 2000. In 2004, the trainsets were reformed into eight six-car sets and three eight-car sets, made possible by rebuilding some former intermediate cars with new driving cabs. These new driving cab would be called "Palkon", "Rakitan", "Lohan" , & "Espass" The fleet subsequently underwent further extensive reorganization and rebuilding of driving cars damaged in accidents.

Withdrawals commenced in December 2012 with set 6201, displaced by an increasing number of newer and longer trains delivered from Japan like: Tokyo Metro 6000 series, Tokyo Metro 05 series, 203 series and 205 series. The last set to remain in service, 6181, was repainted into the new KA Commuter Jabodetabek red livery in February 2016, before finally being withdrawn in September 2016.

Since February 2018, car 6181 from the last operating set, 6181F, is now preserved in Depok EMU Depot as a static display, with electrical systems such as lighting and automatic door fully operational, due to some modifications to the train.

Gallery

See also 
 KAI Commuter

References

External links

 Toei rolling stock gallery 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Toei Subway
Train-related introductions in 1968
Electric multiple units of Indonesia
Kawasaki multiple units
Hitachi multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
Alna Koki rolling stock
Protocell Circus. Protocell Circus (2010), produced by Dr. Rachel Armstrong and Michael Simon Toon, is the first film to show the recognizable lifelike behavior of laboratory-created protocells.

Armstrong synthesized and filmed the protocells of Protocell Circus at the laboratory of the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. Her research incorporates protocells in the development of self-repairing 'living' architecture. Armstrong and Dr. Martin Hanczyc of the University of Southern Denmark developed the Bütschli dynamic droplet system used to synthesize the oil-based cells shown in the film. Although they contain no genetic material, these protocells absorb fuel and react to their environment as well as each other, which among other factors contribute to the theory that this "model could be considered as a type of primitive life that could have been possible on the early Earth."

Toon edited, sound designed, and post-produced Armstrong's raw footage, emphasizing moments of seemingly lifelike motion and interaction among the reagents. He also wrote subtitles for the cells' interactions using simple anthropomorphic statements such as "I'm afraid", "I love you", and "I want to escape." The combination of images and subtitles have been variously interpreted, both as a reflection of the human need to see similarities to ourselves in even proto-biological systems, and the converse suggestion that human behavior is actually a complex reflection of the behavior of primordial chemistry.

Featured exhibitions

Future Human season (2010) British Film Institute, BFI Southbank, London
Digital Art@Google NYC (2010) Chelsea Art Museum of Manhattan, New York City
Synth-ethic: Art and Synthetic Biology Exhibition (2011) Natural History Museum of Vienna, Austria

See also

Abiogenesis
Artificial cell
Characteristics of life
Primordial soup
Synthetic biology

References

Documentary films about science
Albatros W.3. The Albatros W.3, company designation VT, was a biplane torpedo bomber floatplane prototype, built for the Imperial German Navy during the First World War.  Only one was built.

Design and development

The W.3 was designed from the outset as a torpedo bomber, a large two bay biplane powered by two  Benz Bz.III engines in pusher configuration mounted on top of the lower wing; these drove two blade propellers, The wings had straight leading edges, squared tips and almost constant chord, though the upper trailing edge was complicated by cut-outs for the propellers and by ailerons, fitted only to this wing, which increased in chord outwards.  There was no stagger, so each pair of interplane struts was perpendicular to the wing; the forward member of each pair was at the leading edge and the other at mid-chord.

The fuselage was flat sided, with two open, tandem cockpits in the nose ahead of the leading edge and deepest between nose and trailing edge, forming a belly which housed the torpedo. Aft, it became quite slender, with a broad chord, triangular fin and rounded, balanced rudder. Twin floats, only about half as long as the fuselage, were mounted on individual sets of struts to allow torpedo release between them.

One Albatros W.3 was built and supplied to the Imperial German Navy in July 1916.  The design was developed into the W.5, five of which were built for the Navy in 1917.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

  

W.3
Biplanes
1910s German bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
La Mouette Samson. The La Mouette Samson is a French electric-powered ultralight trike, designed by Gérard Thevenot and produced by La Mouette of Fontaine-lès-Dijon. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category as a single- or two-seater, and also to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules when flown as a single-seater. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single electric motor in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. Powerplant options are electric motors of  for solo use and a  motor for dual use. Due to its simple design the Samson can be folded up and stowed in the trunk of an automobile, with the wing carried on the roof rack. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

The aircraft can be fitted with up to three batteries that give an endurance of 40 minutes at full power, or 80 minutes at normal cruise. The standard wing supplied is a  La Mouette design.

Specifications (Samson)

References

External links

Samson
2010s French sport aircraft
2010s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Electric aircraft
Ultralight trikes
High-wing aircraft
Dougal (steam locomotive). Dougal is a  narrow gauge  steam locomotive, built by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. Ltd., Kilmarnock in 1946. It is currently running on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway.

History

Provan Gasworks 
The engine was built to work at Provan Gasworks, Glasgow in 1946. At the time Provan Gasworks had an extensive  gauge railway running through the gas works and Dougal was one of the many engines built to run on it. Gas works lines like this usually meant working in the very restricted confines of retort houses, explaining Dougal's small and especially low shape. In 1958 the gas works were closed and Dougal was no longer required. In 1961 Dougal was saved from scrap and later sold to the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway.

Welshpool and Llanfair Railway 
In 1969 Dougal was bought by the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway and was first steamed there in 1975. Although too small to operate the standard service on the railway it is steamed regularly at bank holidays and gala weekends, where it can often be seen shunting between Llanfair Caereinion and Cyfronydd. Dougal has been out of service since 2014 awaiting funding for a new boiler.

In 2018, Dougal was shipped to Taiwan as part of a cooperation agreement between the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway and the Taiwan Sugar Corporation, which operates five short heritage railways at former mills. Dougal returned to Wales in April 2019.

References

Bibliography 
  
 

Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
Individual locomotives of Great Britain
Andrew Barclay locomotives
Preserved narrow gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Railway locomotives introduced in 1946
0-4-0T locomotives
2 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Industrial locomotives of Great Britain
Narrow gauge locomotives of the United Kingdom
GreenWing International. GreenWing International was an American aircraft manufacturer, based in Cable, California, producing electric aircraft.

GreenWing International was founded to produce the eSpyder E280 and e430 electric aircraft designed by Yuneec International.

The eSpyder E280 received German DULV certification in February 2013. The company exhibited at AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2013 and eSpyder production was to have started in that same year.

The company's last news release was in December 2013 and it is indicated as "permanently closed".

Aircraft

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

Electric aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Yuneec aircraft
Shin-Keisei N800 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Shin-Keisei Electric Railway on the Shin-Keisei Line in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, since May 2005.

Design
Built by Nippon Sharyo in Aichi Prefecture, the N800 series design is based on the Keisei 3000 series EMU. Although built as 6-car sets, the units are designed to be lengthened to 8-car sets in the future if required. The N800 series is also intended for use on inter-running services to and from the Keisei Chiba Line. The sets have a maximum speed of , but only operate at  in service.

Formations
, the fleet consists of three six-car sets based at Kunugiyama Depot with four motored (M) cars and two trailer (T) cars, formed as shown below, with the Mc1 car at the Tsudanuma end.

 "x" in the car numbers stands for the set number.
 The M2 and M7 cars are each fitted with two single-arm-type pantographs.
 The T6 cars are designated as having mild air-conditioning.

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. Each car has priority seating at one end, and the two end cars each have a wheelchair space located close to the cab end. Some of the bench seats have metal steps on the underside, allowing them to be detached and used as steps for evacuating the train in emergencies.

History

The first set, N811, entered service on 29 May 2005.

The first set to receive Shin-Keisei's new pink corporate livery introduced in 2014 was N821 in February 2015.

The fourth set, N841, entered service on 22 December 2015. It is the first Shin-Keisei trainset to feature LED lighting and LCD passenger information displays from new. A fifth set, N851, was delivered in August 2018, entering service on 22 August of that year.

On 24 July 2024, set N831 returned to service in the original livery with maroon waistline stripes.

References

External links

 Official Shin-Keisei N800 series information 
 Shin-Keisei N800 series (Nippon Sharyo) 
 Shin-Keisei N800 series (Japan Railfan Magazine) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 2005
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
List of Neon Genesis Evangelion video games. The Neon Genesis Evangelion franchise has spawned a number of tie-in video games. Characters from the series have also made numerous appearances in other titles, such as the Super Robot Wars series by Banpresto.

PC and console games
The following are Evangelion video games that have been released on home and portable consoles, and computer OS.

Pachinko games 
The following is a list of Evangelion video games that are replications of existing Pachinko slot machines for home console devices. English titles are as provided on the game covers.

Mobile games 
The following are Evangelion games which have been released for mobile devices.

References 

 
Neon Genesis Evangelion games
Video games
BIOTEC. The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) is a research center in Thailand under the umbrella of the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. The center was founded on 20 September 1983 and became a member of NSTDA in 1991.

History

1983–1992
BIOTEC provided basic infrastructure in biotechnology. To achieve its goals, the center built up a network of biotech experts and supported the development of laboratories in academic institutions. BIOTEC also supported the competency enhancement of personnel in the biotechnology field by granting scholarships for master's and doctoral degrees.

1993–2002
As new technology quickly evolved, BIOTEC worked in collaboration with several institutions in Thailand to achieve biotechnology excellence. In preparing the country for biotechnology, its successes included biotechnology policy development, intellectual property management, biosafety guidelines, raising public awareness, and educating people about biotech and its applications.

2003–present
Thailand's National Biotechnology Policy Framework was implemented with emphasis on healthcare services, modern biotechnology, education, training, biotechnology business and intellectual property rights. While its new technologies and discoveries have been transferred and applied for the benefit of private companies and the public, especially in rural communities, enhancement of the competency of personnel in the biotechnology field remains its focus.

Research units
BIOTEC has established 16 distinct research units for conducting research and providing technical services. Some laboratories act as stand-alone research centers in their own right, while others are collaborative ventures set up jointly with government agencies and universities.

References

Research institutes in Thailand
Government agencies established in 1983
Biotechnology organizations
1983 establishments in Thailand
Timur Eneev. Timur Magomedovich Eneev (September 23, 1924 – September 8, 2019) was a Russian mathematician specializing in mechanics and control processes. A minor planet Eneev discovered in 1978 is named after him. He was the editor-in-chief of the journal Cosmic Research. He was a member of the Balkar ethnic group.

Biography
In 1948 Eneev graduated from the Moscow State University and until 1953 worked as a research worker at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Since 1953 he is associated with the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics.
He became a member of the CPSU since 1957 and a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1968.

Eneev received the Lenin Prize in 1957 and has been awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.
In 2006 he was awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences in mathematics.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Early spaceflight scientists
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Demidov Prize laureates
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Moscow State University alumni
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Academic journal editors
21st-century Russian mathematicians