omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Clean Waters Restoration Act. On November 3, 1966, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Clean Waters Restoration Act. The previous year's Water Quality Act required the states to establish and enforce water quality standards for all interstate waters that flowed through their boundaries. To make that possible, the Clean Waters Restoration Act provided federal funds for the construction of sewage treatment plants. This act and others that followed over the next decade had a significant impact in reducing pollution and restoring rivers.

History 
In 1948, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act of 1948, was signed into law. The legislation signed in 1948 was focused on how the government could enforce regulation to decrease the amount of pollution reaching Earth's water.  This act was the first major statement from the federal government to show interest in water quality and contamination and pollution prevention. Prior to this act, the water quality responsibility fell on state and local governments, which did not have the funding to enforce any authority over water pollution.

The Clean Water Restoration Act in 1966 took federal water pollution regulation a step further in the fight for restoration. Instead of just restricting pollution, the goal was also to attempt to reverse some of the damage to the water.

The bill that Lyndon Johnson signed on November 3, 1966, was one shaped largely by Senator Edmund Muskie’s Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution. Rivers across the country were restored because of senators who saw a problem and were determined to fix it.

On April 24, 2005, Clean Water Authority Restoration Act (2005) was introduced by Sen. Feingold, Russell D. [D-WI]. This bill aimed to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to replace the term "navigable waters," throughout the Act, with the term "waters of the United States," defined to mean all waters subject to the ebb and flow of the tide, the territorial seas, and all interstate and intrastate waters and their tributaries, including lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, natural ponds, and all impoundments of the foregoing, to the fullest extent that these waters, or activities affecting them, are subject to the legislative power of Congress under the Constitution.

References



United States federal environmental legislation
1966 in American law
Seeq Corporation. Seeq Corporation is a software company founded in 2013 and headquartered in Seattle, Washington, United States. The company creates analytics software for various industrial process manufacturing sectors, including pharmaceuticals, oil and gas, mining, pulp and paper, energy, utilities, IIoT, and chemicals.

Seeq's browser-based software is designed for use with time series data, commonly aggregated in data historians such as OSIsoft's PI system, Inductive Automation's Ignition system, and others like Emerson's Ovation and DeltaV, GE Proficy, Honeywell's Uniformance PHD, Wonderware, and AspenTech IP.21. 

Seeq's applications enable organizations to analyze data for improved business outcomes. Workbench, one of Seeq's applications, offers data visualization, data modeling, and interactive tools for diagnostic, monitoring, predictive, and descriptive analytics. It also provides search functionality, knowledge capture, and collaboration tools. Seeq Organizer facilitates the creation of documents, consolidating analyses and visualizations into reports, presentations, and meeting agendas. Documents generated in Organizer directly link to the underlying data and are 'time-relative', meaning they can be categorized based on parameters such as batch, shift, or day. Seeq Runtime continuously performs data cleansing, boundary management, and streaming calculations on historian data. Accessed through either Seeq Workbench or the Seeq REST API, the runtime operates autonomously and can be integrated with existing alarm systems or dashboard solutions.

Seeq can be configured with installations on a dedicated server, server cluster, or virtual machine. On-premise installations on the same network as a plant or enterprise historian, on the cloud (Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, etc.), or in a mixed environment of on-premise and cloud resources are supported. Seeq also enables the creation of custom templates and modules through data export, data integration, and a REST API. Data export options include Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint, as well as OData clients (Tableau, Microsoft PowerBI, etc.). Data integration with OSIsoft Vision is supported, and the REST API offers SDKs for programming in C#, Python, MATLAB, and Java. Seeq uses a connector to retrieve data in real-time based on user actions.

References

External links 
 Company Website
 Windpower Engineering and Development October 20, 2017 Article

Data and information visualization software
Business software
Data analysis software
Companies based in Seattle
Data companies
Software companies established in 2013
Bison industrialised building system. The Bison industrialised building system is a precast concrete building system used in high rise flats, developed by Bison Manufacturing Ltd, Dartford, Kent, England.

History
Bison Manufacturing was founded in 1919 to build military pill-boxes. 

The Bison wall-frame construction system was a construction method used in tower block construction. It was launched in 1963 by Concrete Ltd who set up factories across the UK to pre-fabricate the parts it.
It was not a frame structure as such, instead precast concrete panels formed the structure of high rise blocks. It evolved into a rapid construction method. 

In tower blocks over 12 storeys in height, all of the walls were loadbearing - external and internal. Whilst there were no partition walls, the internal walls were still thinner at 6 inches in thickness. Two-bedroom flats could be constructed out of 21 pre-cast concrete pieces. The bathroom and toilet elements could be constructed from a similarly few number of pre-fabricated pieces. The lift shaft and staircases could be constructed out of pieces that were 3 storeys high. The method was limited in that it was only really practical for two and three-bedroom flats.

See also
Chelmsley Wood

References

External links
Company heritage page
Contains text from an article on wikia cc-by-sa

Building engineering
List of quantum processors. This list contains quantum processors, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences so far, with no actual demonstrations or scientific publications characterizing the performance.

Quantum processors are difficult to compare due to the different architectures and approaches. Due to this, published physical qubit numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of logical qubits or benchmarking metrics such as quantum volume, randomized benchmarking or circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS).

Circuit-based quantum processors 
These QPUs are based on the quantum circuit and quantum logic gate-based model of computing.

Annealing quantum processors
These QPUs are based on quantum annealing, not to be confused with digital annealing.

Analog quantum processors
These QPUs are based on analog Hamiltonian simulation.

See also
 Quantum programming
 Timeline of quantum computing and communication

References

Quantum computing
quantum processors
Nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate). Nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) is the coordination complex on nickel and dimethyldithiocarbamate, with the formula Ni(S2CNMe2)2 (Me = methyl).  It is the prototype for a large number of bis(dialkhyldithiocarbamate)s of nickel(II), which feature diverse organic substituents, most of which have feature square planar molecular geometry.  Nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) has been marketed as a fungicide and related complexes are used as stabilizers in polymers.

Preparation and structure
The compound precipitates as a black solid upon combining aqueous solutions of nickel(II) salts and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.  In terms of structure and bonding the nickel is square planar, and the complex is diamagnetic.

See also
 transition metal dithiocarbamate complexes
 Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate - a related compound where nickel has been replaced with zinc, but with a more 
 Iron tris(dimethyldithiocarbamate) - a related compound with three dithiocarbamate ligands coordinated to iron.

References

Fungicides
Nickel complexes
Dithiocarbamates
Hugh Spikes. Hugh Alexander Spikes is a British mechanical engineer. He is emeritus professor of tribology at Imperial College London. He is the former head of the Tribology Group at Imperial College. Tribology is the science and engineering of friction, lubrication and wear.

Early life and education 
Spikes was born in 1945. He studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge, graduating in 1968. He obtained his Doctor of Philosophy for research in tribology from Imperial College London in 1972. His PhD research was performed under the supervision of Professor Alastair Cameron.

Research and career
Spikes has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and patents in the field of tribology, spanning many aspects of liquid lubricant behaviour ranging from boundary to hydrodynamic lubrication. Another focus of his research has been lubricant additives, particularly antiwear additives and friction modifiers. , Spikes' work had been cited on more than 17,500 occasions and he had a h-index of 74 and an i10-index of 262 (Google Scholar). He is a member of the Distinguished Advisory Board for the International Tribology Council. He is Editor Emeritus for the Wiley journal Lubrication Science and he is a member of the editorial board of the Springer Nature journals Tribology Letters and Friction.

Spikes was the Head of the Tribology Group at Imperial College, he was succeeded in this role by Professor Daniele Dini.

Honours and awards 
In 2004, Spikes was awarded the three major medals that are bestowed internationally for contributions to tribology, the International Award of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), the Mayo D. Hersey Award of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and the Tribology Trust Gold Medal of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE). With his research students, he has also received ten best paper awards, from the STLE, the ASME and the IMechE. In 2019, he received The Tribochemistry Award from the Japanese Society of Tribologists.

In 2012, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He is also a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (FIMechE), a Chartered Engineer (CEng) and a Fellow of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers.

References 

Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
British mechanical engineers
Tribologists
Academics of Imperial College London
Alumni of Imperial College London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wingtra WingtraOne. The Wingtra WingtraOne is a tail-sitting vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle developed in Switzerland by Wingtra AG. Powered by two electric motors, it is designed primarily for use in precision agriculture and surveying roles, or for light payload delivery to rural areas.

Design and development
In 2013, development of WingtraOne began under the name "PacFlyer" as a "Focus Project" at the Autonomous Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, under the guidance of Roland Siegwart. The product was spun off to a division also named Wingtra.

The main focus of the design effort was on controllability, traditionally a challenge in the design of a tail-sitter aircraft, particularly due to attitude estimation. The flight controller for WingtraOne was developed by 2016, which used a pitot tube, inertial navigation system consisting of multiple gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers, and GPS; the WingtraOne design was also modified for improved resistance to wind during that year, and the control algorithm to ensure smooth transition from vertical flight to forward flight was developed.

In March 2016, a prototype was shown at the CeBIT technology show in Hanover, Germany.

Following the completion of development and flight trials, the WingtraOne entered series production in 2017 and said it was looking to expand into the United States. In October 2017, Wingtra AG entered a partnership with Pix4D, a photogrammetry company, to offer postprocessing of images along with aerial data collection.

The WingtraOne has a flying wing configuration; the drone has an endurance of 55 minutes, power being provided by an eight-cell lithium-ion battery to two electric motors. A tail-sitter, the aircraft takes off vertically while being supported by wing and tail fins, and once in flight, it tilts forward to fly horizontally.

Operational history
WingtraOne collects high resolution aerial data which is used to generate orthophotos, 3D reconstructions, point cloud and NDVI maps; the drone is capable of covering  at an altitude of  at 3 cm/px GSD. It has been trialled in the aerial surveying, agriculture and glacier monitoring roles, as well as light payload delivery to rural areas.

The WingtraOne was awarded the Swiss Excellence Product Award in 2016.

Specifications

References

External links
 

WingtraOne
2010s Swiss civil utility aircraft
Tailsitter aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Switzerland
Flying wings
Twin-motored electric aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2015
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Drumm Battery Train. The Drumm Battery Train was an Irish battery electric multiple unit developed in the 1930s which ran successfully in service on the Dublin to  route.  The train's batteries were charged via an overhead pickup at the turnaround station.

The train was a successful implementation of the battery developed by Dr James J. Drumm.

Background 

Dr James J. Drumm developed the traction battery in the late 1920s and was supported by the Irish Government as a means of using the excess electricity generated by the Shannon hydroelectric scheme.

Prototype 
A prototype was developed by converting petrol railcar 386 to Drumm traction Battery operation.

Construction 
Unit A was constructed at Inchicore railway works in 1931 shortly followed by unit B.

Units C and D were constructed in 1938.

Performance 
The units had a maximum operating range of  as demonstrated by a test run to  in 1932. The recharge time was about 1 minute for each mile to be covered, that is about 15 minutes for Dublin to Bray which could be covered in about 20 minutes nonstop. The geared maximum design speed of units C and D were  though  was touched on an inaugural run and even  has been claimed in service.

Trials 
Several inaugural runs were held in late 1931 including a trip with President Cosgrave on 2 December 1931.

Service 
Units A and B were in service from 1932 to 1949, being joined by units C and D in 1939, though the later units were not as successful as hoped. The Drumm Battery Trains were especially useful in the coal shortages of the early 1940s however were restricted by electricity supply shortages of 1949.

Withdrawal 
The units were withdrawn in 1949 due to the batteries becoming life expired and cheaper alternatives available. The batteries and electrical equipment were removed continuing in service as diesel hauled carriages until 1955. They were stored on a siding at Foxrock until being scrapped.

Incidents
At about 22:00 on 25 June 1935 the Drumm Battery "A" train collided about  south of Dún Laoghaire with a collapsed wall resulting from a burst storm sewer during a storm and associated heavy rain. There were two fires in the battery chambers with arcing and considerable heat generated but only charring to the coach body.

Models
A handbuilt model of the Drumm Train is in the Fry Model Railway collection. The model correctly depicts the unit articulated bogie however the front end cab modelling would seem to be proposal for the C and D units but not the actual design used. This is reasonable as Cyril Fry the creator was a draughtsman at Inchicore Works where the units were designed and constructed and would have had access to such drawings.

Further reading

References

External links 
 

Iarnród Éireann multiple units
Battery electric multiple units
CPPC. CPPC may refer to:

Organisations
 Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, a Latin American art organization based in Venezuela and New York City, US
 Caribbean Plant Protection Commission; See Regional Plant Protection Organization
 Chip PC Technologies (TASE: CPPC), a developer and manufacturer of thin client solutions and management software
 Portuguese Council for Peace and Cooperation, a member of the Secretariat of the World Peace Council

Other uses
 Collaborative processor performance control, a system of CPU frequency adjustment

See also
 Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a political advisory body in China
Chiktong Tangwang Line. The Chiktong T'an'gwang Line, or Chiktong Colliery Line, is an electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Taegŏn Station at the junction of the Taegŏn and Ŭnsan lines to Chiktong T'an'gwang. The line serves the Pusan Aluminium Factory at Pusalli, as well as the large 8 February Chiktong Ch'ŏngnyŏn Colliery at Chiktong T'an'gwang.

Route
A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Changsongang Line. The Changsŏn'gang Line is a non-electrified standard-gauge freight-only secondary line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Ŭnsan on the P'yŏngra Line to Changsŏn'gang.

Route
A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Long-Term Pavement Performance. Long-Term Pavement Performance Program, known as LTPP, is a research project supported by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to collect and analyze pavement data in the United States and Canada. Currently, the LTPP acquires the largest road performance database.

History
LTPP program was initiated by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Research Council (NRC) in the early 1980s. The FHWA with the cooperation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) sponsored the program. The program was focusing on examining the deterioration of the nation’s highway and bridge infrastructure system. In the early 1980s, TRB and NRC suggested that a "Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)" should be started to concentrate on research and development activities that would majorly contribute to highway transportation improvement. Later in 1986, the detailed programs were published entitled "Strategic Highway Research Program—Research Plans".

The LTPP program collects data from in-service roads and analyzes it as planned by the SHRP. The LTPP aims to understand the possible reasons behind the poor or good performance of pavements. Hence, the effects of different parameters such as weather, maintenance actions, material and traffic on performance are studied. Data is collected in a timely manner, and then analyzed to understand and predict the performance of roads. It is worth to mention that the LTPP program was transferred from SHRP to FHWA in 1992 to continue the work.

Database
LTPP Data is collected by four regional contractors. New data is regularly uploaded to the online platform every six months. The number of the pavement test sections monitored in the LTPP program is more than 2,500. These pavement sections include both asphalt and Portland cement concrete. Road sections are across different states and provinces of the United States and Canada.

Data analysis contest

The LTPP holds an annual international data analysis contest in collaboration with the ASCE. The participants are supposed to use the LTPP data.

References

External links
LTPP InfoPave

Federal Highway Administration
Pavements
Asphalt
Samsung Bio Processor. The Samsung Bio Processor is an advanced system logic chip designed by Samsung Electronics in December 2015 that integrates five AFEs including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), skin temperature, and galvanic skin response (GSR) into a single chip that measures body fat, and skeletal muscle mass, heart rate, heart rhythm, skin temperature and stress level. It is designed for future fitness wearable devices. The chip is also designed to be included in "patches" that track health, and the chip design is available for other companies to use. The chip is designed for low power usage to allow it to be used in small devices with small batteries.

See also 
 Apple motion coprocessors

References 

Samsung Electronics
Syed Sohail Hussain Naqvi. Syed Sohail Hussain Naqvi (Punjabi, ) is the Rector of the University of Central Asia (UCA). Prior to joining UCA in August 2018, he was the fourth vice chancellor of the Lahore University of Management Sciences. He was executive director of Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan.

Early life and education 
Syed Sohail Hussain Naqvi was born in Wah Cantt, Pakistan, then moved to Lahore in 1969. After that he started Pre-Engineering from Cadet College Hassanabadal. Naqvi earned his BSc, MSc and PhD degrees, in Electrical Engineering, from Purdue University, USA. Then he started academic career from University of New Mexico as an assistant professor. Dr. Naqvi has a number of patents to his credit and has also worked with startups bringing high-tech inventions to the market place.

Career 
Sohail Naqvi served as an Assistant and associate professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA, before returning to Pakistan in 1996 to join the Faculty of Electronics at the GIK Institute of Technology. He remained at GIKI until the end of 1999 as Professor and Dean. He joined the HEC in 2002 and became its executive director in 2004. Sohail H. Naqvi joined LUMS as the fourth Vice-Chancellor of LUMS on July 1, 2013. He was an independent consultant in Higher Education for a brief period, having served as the executive director of the Higher Education Commission for 8 years.

He is one of the founding members of the Ibero-American Science and Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC), a non-profit organization of educational, research, and industrial institutions throughout America and the Iberian Peninsula. The Consortium has been established to foster scientific, engineering, and technology education, joint international research, and development efforts among its members, and to provide a cost-effective vehicle for the application and transfer of technology.

Also, he is the founding member of Engineering Education Trust (EET), a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the development of higher education in Pakistan. The Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering is the first project of EET that in one year's time, became the largest post-graduate engineering program in Pakistan.

References 

Academic staff of Lahore University of Management Sciences
Pakistani educators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
Cadet College Hasan Abdal alumni
Vice-chancellors of Lahore University of Management Sciences
University of New Mexico faculty
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni