omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Swallow LT65. The Swallow LT65 or LT-65 was a trainer aircraft marketed by the Swallow Airplane Company in 1940. Swallow purchased the prototype from its builder, Dale Aircraft, but was unable to start manufacturing it before the demands of wartime production changed priorities for the company. This was Swallow's final attempt to produce an aircraft.

Design
The LT65 was a conventional, low-wing-monoplane with seating for the pilot and instructor in tandem, fully enclosed under an extensively glazed canopy. The wings were braced to the fuselage by struts and wires, and by wires to the main units of the fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. Those units were fully enclosed by large spats. Power was supplied by a piston engine in the nose driving a tractor propeller. It had a conventional tail.

The fuselage, empennage, and center sections of the wings were constructed from welded steel tube, and the wing outer panels had spruce spars and ribs. The whole aircraft was covered in fabric.

Development
Although Swallow's marketing of 1940 described the LT65 as "new" and "no re-hash of an old model", they had purchased the manufacturing rights and the prototype from the Dale Aircraft Company of Pomona, California, The Dale Aircraft Company logo is partially visible on Swallow's promotional picture of the type. 

The first iteration of the design, the Dale A, registration NX18972 (later, NC18972) was powered by a  Continental A-40 engine. 

When the  Menasco M-50 engine became available, designer Harold Dale built a second prototype to take advantage of it. This was called the Dale Air-Dale M-50, registration NC21736, and Dale entered a business partnership with George M. Frohlich and Roland J. Brownsberger to market it. It was offered in open-cockpit and canopied versions. 

Swallow bought this second prototype and the manufacturing rights to the design, hoping to market it to flying schools with a more powerful  Continental engine, dual controls, and provision for dual flight and engine instruments. It was marketed as being easy to fly, maintain, and overhaul. In 1941, Swallow was preparing for production of the type in a new factory with  of floorspace. However, the outbreak of World War II disrupted the civil aviation market, and diverted resources and manufacturing capacity. Swallow never sold any LT65s, and spent the war years training aircraft mechanics and manufacturing components for Boeing bombers.

Variants
Dale A
First prototype, with Continental A-40 engine
Dale Air-Dale M-50
Second prototype, with Menasco M-50 engine
Swallow LT65
Second prototype offered for sale by Swallow with a 65-hp engine

Specifications (LT65)

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1930s United States civil trainer aircraft
Swallow aircraft
Dale aircraft
low-wing aircraft
conventional-tail aircraft
single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with conventional landing gear
aircraft first flown in 1938
Clavin–Garcia equation. Clavin–Garcia equation or Clavin–Garcia dispersion relation provides the relation between the growth rate and the wave number of the perturbation superposed on a planar premixed flame, named after Paul Clavin and Pedro Luis Garcia Ybarra, who derived the dispersion relation in 1983. The dispersion relation accounts for Darrieus–Landau instability, Rayleigh–Taylor instability and diffusive–thermal instability and also accounts for the temperature dependence of transport coefficients.

Dispersion relation
Let  and  be the wavenumber (measured in units of planar laminar flame thickness ) and the growth rate (measured in units of the residence time  of the planar laminar flame) of the perturbations to the planar premixed flame. Then the Clavin–Garcia dispersion relation is given by

where

and

Here

The function , in most cases, is simply given by , where , in which case, we have ,

In the constant transport coefficient assumption, , in which case, we have

See also
Clavin–Williams formula

References

Fluid dynamics
Combustion
Fluid dynamic instabilities
European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber. The European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber, or simply ECCMR, is a biennial scientific conference for researchers working at the intersection of elastomers, testing, and simulation.  The conference format includes plenary lectures by leading figures, presentations of original research, and posters.  Written papers are published in a conference proceedings.

History

The first conference in the series was organized in 1999 in Vienna when Luis Dorfmann and Alan Muhr noticed the need for a forum where developers of finite element analysis software, researchers working on constitutive models for rubber, and other interested parties could exchange and discuss latest developments.  Subsequent conferences have been held in Hannover (2001), London (2003), Stockholm (2005), Paris (2007), Dresden (2009), Dublin (2011), San Sebastian (2013), Prague (2015), Munich (2017), Nantes (2019), Milan (2022), and Istanbul (2024).  

The September 11 attacks in 2001 occurred during the 2nd conference of the series in Hannover, Germany.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Milan event was delayed by a year, so that although the conference had been held up to that point on odd years, it has been subsequently held on even years.

Organization

The conference is independent of any professional body, and is organized by volunteer researchers from academia and industry.  At each conference, a new local organizing committee is appointed to take responsibility for the subsequent conference, with support from a scientific committee with international membership.

References
  

Academic conferences
Rubber industry
Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate. Rhodium trifluoroacetate is the chemical compound with the formula .  It is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of some organic compounds.  The compound and its derivatives have been extensively characterized by X-ray crystallography.  It adopts the Chinese lantern structure seen for many dimetal carboxylate complexes.  This structure accommodates a Rh-Rh bond, the existence of which explains the diamagnetism of this Rh(II) species.  The Rh-Rh distance is 238 pm.

The anhydrous complex is a green volatile solid.  It is prepared by dissolving rhodium(II) acetate in hot trifluoroacetic acid:

This reaction expels acetic acid.  The Rh-Rh bond is retained.

Reactions
Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate forms adducts with a variety of Lewis bases. The structures typically have a 2:1 stoichiometry, with one base binding at the "axial" position on each of the two Rh(II) centers:
 (L = CO, RCN, R2SO, R3P, ...)

Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate binds even very weak bases, moreso than does rhodium(II) acetate. It even forms adducts with hexamethylbenzene and with S8.

Rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate catalyzes cyclopropanation of alkenes by diazo compounds:

References

Rhodium(II) compounds
Trifluoroacetates
Bheri Corridor. Bheri Corridor (NH57) () is a  National Highway of Nepal that runs from mid-hill to the northern border with China. It is located in Karnali Province.

The contract for the last section of the Bheri Corridor was given to the Nepali Army in 2007. The Nepali Army finished it in 2018.

Details

External links
SRN 2017/18
Map of National Highways of Nepal
https://janadeshdaily.com/23199/ 
https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/construction-of-bailey-bridge-over-bheri-river-along-bheri-corridor-reaches-final-stage/

References

Highways in Nepal
Roads in Karnali Province
Stevin Prize. The Stevin Prize () is one of the highest scientific awards in the Netherlands, established to recognize and reward outstanding researchers whose work has significant societal impact. It is administered and awarded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO).

History 
The Stevin Prize was established by the NWO in 2018.

Named after Simon Stevin, a Flemish mathematician and engineer, the prize highlights contributions that bridge the gap between scientific research and practical applications that benefit society.

The prize was created to emphasize the importance of applied science in addressing real-world problems and contributing to societal progress. Since its inception, the Stevin Prize has been awarded annually to researchers across various disciplines, focusing on both scientific excellence and the potential for real-world application and societal benefit. It is awarded each year to two to three researchers.

Over the years, the prize has included a substantial monetary award, typically around 2.5 million euros, intended to support further research and dissemination activities. The Stevin Prize is one of the most prestigious scientific awards in the Netherlands, celebrating the achievements of researchers whose work exemplifies the practical application of scientific knowledge. The prize continues to promote research that addresses societal challenges and enhances community well-being both in the Netherlands and globally.

References

External links 
 

Awards established in 2018
Dutch science and technology awards
Jane Egerton-Idehen. Jane Egerton-Idehen is a Nigerian engineer and the MD/CEO of Nigerian Communications Satellite limited (NIGCOMSAT), a federal agency under the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy.

Education
Egerton-Idehen was born in Ajegunle, Lagos. She studied electronics engineering at the University of Nigeria from 1995 and graduated in 2001 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree. In 2007, she started her postgraduate studies at Warwick Business School and graduated with a Master of Business Administration degree in 2010.

Career
Egerton-Idehen started her career as an earth station engineer at Spar Aerospace Limited in Lagos, Nigeria right after graduating from university. She moved on to Ericsson, Nigeria as a Product Manager in 2003 and became a Sales Manager in 2005. In 2008, she became the Accounts manager, until her departure in 2010. She joined Nokia Siemens Networks in 2010 as the customer team head in Nigeria until 2012. She returned to Ericsson in 2012 and stayed there till 2017, before joining Avanti as Country Manager Nigeria and Regional Sales Manager West Africa at Avanti Communications.
She left Avanti in 2021 and became the Head of Sales, the Middle East and Africa for Meta (Facebook) from 2021 until her appointment as MD/CEO of NIGCOMSAT in October 2023.

Nigerian Communications Satellite
Jane Egerton-Idehen was appointed the MD/CEO of Nigerian Communications Satellite Limited (NIGCOMSAT) by President Bola Tinubu in October 2023. She replaced Tukur Funtua.

References

Nigerian women engineers
Nigerian women
Electronics engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Horizon Robotics. Horizon Robotics () is a  Chinese technology company headquartered in Beijing. The company develops artificial intelligence (AI) chips used in self-driving cars and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS).

Background 

Horizon Robotics was founded in 2015 by several former Baidu employees. One of them was Yu Kai who previously led Baidu's self-driving car division.

The company was funded by notable investors that included Intel, Hillhouse Investment, HongShan, Yuri Milner, Sinovation Ventures and Yunfeng Capital. Other backers include BYD, Chery and CATL. Due to the United States New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductors to China, Horizon Robotics attracted more interest from investors who felt it could be an alternative to Nvidia in China which had to abide with selling restrictions.

In December 2017, Horizon Robotics launched Journey 1.0, the first generation of its AI chips used in vehicles. It would help cars recognize external objects in a low power consumption manner.

Originally Horizon Robotics planned to hold an initial public offering (IPO) in the United States that could raise as much as $1 billion. However, in October 2021, it was reported that it changed its IPO country to Hong Kong instead. This came at a time where the Chinese government was increasing scrutiny of overseas listings.

In October 2022, Volkswagen Group invested $2.3 billion to establish a joint venture (JV) with Horizon Robotics. The JV was named Carizon and was aimed to develop in-house vehicle software for Volkswagen.

At the 2023 World Internet Conference, Yu announced that the number of vehicles featuring navigate on autopilot (NoA) equipped with Horizon Robotics chips has surpassed that of Nvidia. According to a report from China Money Network, Horizon Robotics controlled 49% of the Chinese self-driving chip market in 2023.

In March 2024, Horizon Robotics submitted its IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange expected to raise $500 million. In October 2024, the offering was priced at the top of its price range raising $696 million.

In January 2025, Horizon Robotics announced its goal of shipping over 10 million chips in 2025.

Products 

While Horizon Robotics mainly focuses on developing AI chips used in the automobile industry, it also develops AI chips that are used in surveillance cameras and other internet-connected smart devices. It holds partnerships with Chery, Audi, SAIC Motor and SK Telecom.

See also
Black Sesame Technologies
Self-driving car
Semiconductor industry in China

References

External links
 

2015 establishments in China
2024 initial public offerings
Companies based in Beijing
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Electronics companies established in 2015
Semiconductor companies of China
Technology companies established in 2015
Landau–Peierls instability. Landau–Peierls instability refers to the phenomenon in which the mean square displacements due to thermal fluctuatuions diverge in the thermodynamic limit and is named after Lev Landau (1937) and Rudolf Peierls (1934). This instability prevails in one-dimensional ordering of atoms/molecules in 3D space such as 1D crystals and smectics and also in two-dimensional ordering in 2D space such as a monomolecular adsorbed filsms at the interface between two isotrophic phases. The divergence is logarthmic, which is rather slow and therefore it is possible to realize substances (such as the smectics) in practice that are subject to Landau–Peierls instability.

Mathematical description
Consider a one-dimensionally ordered crystal in 3D space. The density function is then given by . Since this is a 1D system, only the displacement  along the -direction due to thermal fluctuations can smooth out the density function; displacements in other two directions are irrelevant. The net change in the free energy due to the fluctuations is given by

where  is the free energy without flcutuations. Note that  cannot depend on  or be a linear function of  because the first case corresponds to a simple uniform translation and the second case is unstable. Thus,  must be quadratic in the derivatives of . These are given by

where ,  and  are material constants; in smectics, where the symmetry  must be obeyed, the second term has to be set zero, i.e., . In the Fourier space (in a unit volume), the free energy is just

From the equipartition theorem (each Fourier mode, on average, is allotted an energy equal to ) , we can deduce that

The mean square displacement is then given by

where the integral is cut off at a large wavenumber that is comparable to the linear dimension of the element undergoing deformation. In the thermodynamic limit, , the integral diverges logarthmically. This means that an element at a particular point is displaced through very large distances and therefore smoothes out the function , leaving constant  as the only solution and destroying the 1D ordering.

See also
Peierls transition

References

Phases of matter
Statistical mechanics
Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute. The Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (or DAIR Institute) is a research institute founded by Timnit Gebru in December 2021. The institute announced itself as "an independent, community-rooted institute set to counter Big Tech’s pervasive influence on the research, development and deployment of AI."

In February 2023, two other members of Google's Ethical AI research group, researcher Alex Hanna and developer Dylan Baker, left Google to join DAIR.

References

External links
 

2021 establishments in the United States
Research institutes established in 2021
Artificial intelligence laboratories
Ethics of science and technology
Rida Laraki. Rida Laraki is a Moroccan researcher, professor, and engineer in the fields of game theory, social choice, theoretical economics, optimization, learning, and operations research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research.

Life 
Born in 1974, Rida Laraki studied in Morocco and passed his baccalaureate in 1992. After attending preparatory classes at the Mohammed V high school, he joined the École Polytechnique in Paris (X93). He also represented Morocco at the International Mathematics Olympiads in Moscow in 1992 and in Istanbul in 1993. He obtained his engineering degree from Polytechnique in 1996. Four years later, in 2000, he obtained a doctorate in mathematics from the Pierre and Marie Curie University.

He joined the CNRS in 2001 and was a lecturer at Polytechnique for around ten years. He took up the position of lecturer at the École Polytechnique in 2006. Since 2013, he has been director of computer science research at the Laboratory for Analysis and Modeling of Systems for Decision Support (LAMSADE) of the CNRS, and honorary professor at the University of Liverpool in 2017.

He is best known for having designed a collective decision method, called majority judgment, in 2007, with another CNRS researcher, Michel Balinski.

In 2011, he and Balinski published a book with MIT Press presenting this new voting method. He also wrote a book on game theory for Springer Editions in 2019.

Majority judgment 
The majority judgment developed by Rida Laraki and Michel Balinski is a voting method based on voting by values, or mention (very good, fair, to be rejected...) ultimately obtaining a "majority grade". It is distinguished by determining the winner by the median rather than the average. It can be applied to political votes but also, for example, to wine rankings. It allows voters to express themselves on all choices.

Bibliography 

 Majority Judgment: Measuring, Ranking, and Electing

References 

Moroccan mathematicians
21st-century French mathematicians
National Highway 24 (Nepal). National Highway 24 (Lalgadh-Ranibas-Bhiman) is a  planned national highway of Nepal, which will be constructed between Madhesh Province (Dhanusha District) and Bagmati Province (Sindhuli District).

References

External links
SRN 2017/18
Map of National Highways of Nepal

Highways in Nepal
Roads in Madhesh Province
Tata Electronics, Jagiroad. Tata Electronics Pvt. Ltd. also referred to as Tata Semiconductor Assembly and Test Pvt. Ltd.(TSAT) will be a India's first indigenous semiconductor assembly and test facility factory in Jagiroad. It is further poised to become a landmark industrial project in Jagiroad, situated in the Morigaon district of Assam, India.

The project is part of India's Semiconductor policy, supported by the India Semiconductor Mission and Assam's Electronics policy. Construction is set to begin this year, with the first phase ready by mid-2025. This will greatly boost industrialization in North-East India.

Background and Inception
The project was approved by the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on February 29, 2024. A meeting was held on July 29, 2024, at Janata Bhawan with officials from the Tata Group and the state government, preceding the scheduled August 3, 2024, Bhumi Pujan ceremony for the upcoming Tata Group semiconductor unit.

The foundation of the Tata Semiconductor facility was officially laid with a groundbreaking ceremony held on August 3, 2024. The event was attended by key figures, including Assam's Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and Tata Sons Chairman N Chandrasekaran. The ceremony was a significant milestone, signaling the commencement of what is considered a game-changing project for the region and the entire country.

According to the proposal, the semiconductor unit is expected to be established at erstwhile Hindustan Paper Corporation's Nagaon Paper Mill premise, which has been non-operational for several years.

Investment and Impact
The Tata Semiconductor facility in Jagiroad, Assam, represents a significant investment of approximately INR 27,000 crore (around US$3.6 billion). This substantial financial commitment is part of Tata Electronics' strategy to develop a cutting-edge semiconductor assembly and test facility, which is expected to generate over 25,000 direct and indirect jobs in the region. This project aims to boost the local economy and advance India's position in the global semiconductor industry.

Collaborations 
On April 16, 2024, Tata Electronics and Tesla has been said to sign a strategic deal to procure semiconductor chips for its worldwide operations. Apart from Taiwan, China and South Korea, India is expected to join the chip supplies group soon.

References

Footnotes

Tata Group subsidiaries
Tata Sons subsidiaries
Jagiroad
Morigaon district
Next operation as customer. In quality engineering, Next Operation as Customer (NOAC)  is a total quality management approach whereby all company internal customers and processes are both receivers and providers. In management consulting, the NOAC approach enables the evaluation of processes with internal customers before extending them to external clients. 

The term was coined by Kaoru Ishikawa.

Further reading
 Bhote, Keki. Next Operation as Customer. New York:AMA Publishers, 1991

References

Quality management