omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Game Developers Session. The Game Developers Session (GDS) is an annual Czech conference on video game development. 

It is the oldest conference dedicated to game development, technology, businesses, and marketing in Central Europe. It has been organized annually since 2003, most being held in Prague in the Czech Republic. It is notable for being the first event of its kind in the city with a tradition spanning around 20 years.

In 2009, the conference gained popularity outside of the Czech Republic by presenting a set of lectures by developers from 2K Czech, mainly on the technical background of the game Mafia II. From there, GDS began to grow, shaping the game development community within the country.

GDS has hosted 900+ game developers, producers, and journalists with over 150 game studios participating every year. GDS includes the presentation of projects and talks from speakers from art, business, design, programming, and other backgrounds.

Social media & press 
The GDS is backed by the Czech Game Developers’ Association. It represents an interconnected platform in the context of the European game industry and brings professional communities together from Slovakia, Slovenia, and Poland.

GDS has had the support of the City hall of Prague for many consecutive years.

In previous years the event was attended by government officials, investors, and government agencies including the Minister of Culture of the Czech Republic and the Director of The Business and Investment Development Agency CzechInvest.

Venue and format 
The conference is designed as an international event. It is open and accessible to foreigners. The main program line and official conference's language channels are in English.

The 2022 GDS presented 40 speakers over two days at the historical venue of National House Smíchov in Prague, with more than 1000 visitors confirmed. Sponsors included big names like Beat Games, Wargaming, and Microsoft.

Universities and schools 
In order to help the next generation of game developers, GDS cooperates with Czech universities and schools. The list of GDS educational partners is growing every year.

Contents
The GDS conference is an event where game creators meet regularly with producers, game professionals, and journalists. 

The conference usually takes place for three days. Before the conference, there is a game jam in co-operation with Charles University in Prague. The core program of GDS is divided into two parallel lines of talks. During both days game development teams present their projects and current topics in the field. Also, one day is usually dedicated to independent developers to introduce their projects to the professionals and the public. Another component of GDS is the career fair.

References
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/8974/RoundUp_2006_Festival_of_Visual_Effects_Central_European_Game_Developers_Session_Command__Conquer_3_Confirmed.php

Video game development
Video game trade shows
Recurring events established in 2003
Video gaming in the Czech Republic
Sommerfeld tracking. Sommerfeld tracking, named after German expatriate engineer, Kurt Joachim Sommerfeld, then living in Cambridge, England, was a lightweight wire mesh type of prefabricated airfield surface. First put into use by the British in 1941, it consisted of wire netting stiffened laterally by steel rods. This gave it load-carrying capacity while staying flexible enough to be rolled up. Kurt Sommerfeld developed the track in the workshops of D.Mackay engineering based in East Road Cambridge. He worked on the design with Donald Mackay. 

Nicknamed "tin lino", Sommerfeld tracking consisted of rolls  wide by  long. Mild steel rods threaded through at 9 inch intervals gave it strength. The rolls could be joined at the edges by threading flat steel bar through loops in the ends of the rods.

Sommerfeld tracking was used extensively by the Royal Air Force in the Second World War to make runways at their airfields, as it could be deployed quickly. In addition, some 44,500,000 yards of Sommerfeld tracking was supplied to US forces by Britain in Reverse Lend-Lease.

Sommerfeld tracking was used widely on RAF and USAAF Advanced Landing Grounds, both in the UK and elsewhere.

Use
The ground was cleared and, if swampy, a layer of coir (also known as coco peat) or coconut matting laid down. The Sommerfeld tracking was unrolled over the ground, pulled tight by a tractor, bulldozer, or similar vehicle, then fastened to the ground with angle-iron pickets. A typical runway made of Sommerfeld tracking was  by .

It would appear that this method did have some limitations and there are various reports of airfields being out of use during heavy rainfall due to mud, and the fact that the tracking would lift off the ground. There are also anecdotal reports of it causing damage to aircraft, such as wheels being torn off.

See also
Marston Mat

Notes

Bibliography

External links
Photo of Sommerfeld Tracking
United States Patent US2338785 showing Sommerfeld's design.
'Magic Carpets' Help to Keep our Forces Moving, The War Illustrated, September 15, 1944.

Airfields
Airport engineering
InCa3D. InCa3D is a simulation tool dedicated to electrical connection modelling for both: 
 Electromagnetic compatibility
 Power electronics

The software employs finite element analysis based on the PEEC Partial element equivalent circuit method  which proved to be efficient to solve Maxwell's equations in low and middle frequency, thanks to its ability to convert interconnections geometry into equivalent RLC circuit, thus avoiding polygonal meshing of the air around the device.

InCa3D is developed in France (in collaboration with G2ELab) and distributed by Altair Engineering Inc.

Main application fields 
InCa3D is well suited for modelling the behaviour of various connectors: 
 from ICs, small wire bonds and PCBs tracks,
 up to bus bars, power modules and large distribution switchboards.

References

Other links 
Partial element equivalent circuit method 
Busbar Design: How to Spare Nanohenries ?

External links 
 Official site
 The G2Elab research center

Simulation software
Computer-aided design software
Computer-aided engineering software
Drosometer. A drosometer (from Classical Greek , drosos, dew + , metron, measure) is an apparatus for measuring the quantity of dew formed in a unit of time per unit area of surface.

Description
The surface may be either a horizontal metal plate or a leaf hanging naturally, or a bit of wool or cotton representing a large surface of fine fibres. The unit of time is usually one hour, and the measurement is made in the early morning, before the rising sun evaporates the dew. When the apparatus is made self-registering, the surface, with its accumulating dew, hangs at one end of a delicate balance, or from a delicate spiral metallic spring, and by its gradual sinking moves the index that makes the record on a moving sheet of paper.

Shortcomings
Although many forms have been suggested, yet none have been considered to give results that are comparable with each other from day to day, owing largely to the fact that the slightest change in the surface that receives the moisture alters the quantity of dew that is caught. Even the same bit of wool, when used day after day, changes its nature in this respect. If a metallic surface is used, its behavior must be compared frequently with a standard, partly because different metals have different properties, but principally because the same surface, when it becomes greasy, dirty, or scratched, has different properties.

Many peculiarities of the deposition of dew on different objects are explained in detail in the popular work by Charles Tomlinson, entitled The Dew-drop and the Mist (London, 1860). Moreover, the case of the natural deposition of dew on the grass and other plants very near the surface of the ground is not at all parallel to that where it is deposited upon metal plates or other bodies used as drosometers, partly because of the location, partly because of the difference in the substances, and largely because of the influence of slight local currents of air.

References

Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
USA-214. USA-214, also known as Advanced Extremely High Frequency-1 or AEHF-1, is a military communications satellite operated by the United States Air Force. It is the first of six satellites to be launched as part of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, which will replace the earlier Milstar system.

Satellite description 
The USA-214 satellite was constructed by Lockheed Martin Space, and is based on the A2100 satellite bus. The satellite has a mass of  and a design life of 14 years. It will be used to provide super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF) communications for the United States Armed Forces, as well as those of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Canada.

Launch 

Though initially scheduled for launch on 30 July 2010, delays with the launch vehicle pushed flight back to 10 August 2010, and finally to 14 August 2010.

USA-214 was launched by United Launch Alliance, aboard an Atlas V 531 flying from Space Launch Complex-41 (SLC-41) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The launch occurred at 11:07:00 UTC on 14 August 2010, and resulted in the satellite being deployed successfully into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) with a perigee of , an apogee of , and 22.2° Orbital inclination.

Anomaly 
The satellite was intended to maneuver from the transfer orbit into which it was launched to its operational geosynchronous orbit by means of a liquid apogee engine (LAE) and several 
Hall-effect thrusters, a process which normally takes 105 days. However, the satellite's Liquid Apogee Engine malfunctioned shortly after ignition on both its first burn on 15 August 2010 and a second attempt on 17 August 2010, and it was declared inoperable.

To solve the problem, the perigee altitude was raised to  using twelve firings of the smaller Reaction Engine Assembly thrusters, originally intended for attitude control during LAE maneuvers. From this altitude, the solar arrays were deployed and the orbit was raised toward the operational orbit over the course of nine months using the 0.27 Newton Hall effect thruster, a form of electric propulsion which is highly efficient, but produces very low thrust and is therefore very slow.

The problem with the liquid apogee engine was later blamed on a piece of cloth accidentally left in a fuel line leading up to the engine while the line was taken apart for repair during the manufacture of the satellite. The cloth was likely placed in the line to prevent impurities from entering the fuel line and did not get removed when the line was put back together.

See also 

 2010 in spaceflight

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2010
USA satellites
Piaggio P1XX. The Piaggio P1XX is a proposed twin-jet aircraft being developed by Piaggio Aero. Piaggio has assured potential buyers that the design is not merely a "re-engine" of the P180 Avanti. A dedicated team is working on the design. In August 2010, Piaggio announced that the jet would not be formally launched in 2010, due to weak market conditions.

Piaggio has been in negotiations with at least one engine supplier, but none has yet been named.

References

External links 

P1XX
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Wahid Shams Kolahi. Wahid Shams-Kolahi (Persian: وحید شمس کلاهی) is a scientist and an electrical engineer who is known for his research in photovoltaic-related technologies.

Dr. Shams-Kolahi was born in Arak, Iran, in 1965. He obtained his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering at University of Stuttgart and joined the graduate school of electrical engineering/electrophysics, led by Professor Werner H. Bloss. He worked under Professor Bloss with the Institute of Physical Electronics, IPE, and later joined the Hamakawa Lab of the Graduate School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan, where he obtained his master's degree in 1994 and his Ph.D. in 1997.

While at Hamakawa Lab, Wahid Shams-Kolahi conducted research on space-made materials and their potential for applications such as the absorption layer of solar cells. The team at Hamakawa Lab led by Shams-Kolahi was chosen by the Spacelab Mission Endeavour project, a cooperation between NASA of the United States and the Japanese NASDA, to study the electrical and optical properties of SiAsTe amorphous- or chalcogenide semiconductors fabricated under microgravity in space as part of Endeavour mission STS-47.

Wahid has initiated and conducted research in solid-state electronics and the manufacture of thin-film solar cells such as amorphous silicon, CIGS and CdTe.

Notable projects
 Doping efficiency/doping effect on the electrical conductivity of amorphous semiconductors prepared in the space shuttle microgravity (Osaka University, Japan)
 Novel purification techniques for Semiconductors (Si) and Insulators; PRISED Solar Inc. & Centre for Advanced Nanotechnology, University of Toronto, Canada
 Optimization of epitaxial growth of ultra-thin platinum silicide (Mitsubishi Electric, Amagasaki, Japan)
 Differential methods for the computation of semiconductor band gaps (Osaka University, Japan)
 SIMS Study of the effect of gallium grading in  (University of Stuttgart, Germany)
 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD co-evaporation) of CIGS thin-film solar cells (Panasonic, Matsushita Denki, Kyoto, Japan)
 SLG-substrate softening temperature related to the formation of CIGS thin films (Panasonic, Matsushita Denki, Kyoto, Japan)
 Use of PVD for Light Amplification by nanocrystalline silicon sensitized erbium-doped silica (University of Toronto, Canada)
 Utilization of TOF-SIMS for the characterization and identification of Si-nanocrystals (University of Toronto, Canada)
 Simultaneous improvement of electrical and optical properties of TCO (ITO) thin films (University of Toronto, Canada)

Selected publications

References

1965 births
Living people
Osaka University alumni
Laser 5000. The Laser 5000 is a double-handed, dual trapeze skiff with an asymmetrical spinnaker . It derives its name from its length of  5 metres. Losing out to the Bethwaite-designed 49er for selection as an Olympic class for the 2000 Games, it was one of 11 designs that took part in the ISAF High Performance Olympic Dinghy Evaluation Event in 1996.

It was designed in the early 1990s by Phil Morrison.  The design was informed by Morrison's earlier experimental Gemini design he had designed and built with Bill Twine and Nick Lightbody in Berwick, East Sussex in 1979. The class is strongest in the UK and Europe with over 200 boats built and a televised European circuit.

References

External links
Class Association Website
National Racing Dinghy Archive. History of Laser 5000 development and design.

Dinghies
1990s sailboat type designs
Boats designed by Phil Morrison
Sailboat types built by LaserPerformance
William G. Higgs. William (Bill) Garland Higgs (born 1952) is an American businessman and co-founder of Mustang Engineering in 1987. Born in Denver, he was raised in Cleveland, Ohio.

Background
Higgs was admitted to the United States Military Academy (West Point) and graduated as a Distinguished Graduate (graduated in the top 5% of his class) in 1974. While there he was active in soccer, judo, and wrestling. He was also a semi-finalist for a Rhodes Scholarship. Upon graduation he served five years in the Army as a combat engineer and Ranger.

Higgs co-founded Mustang Engineering in 1987 in Houston, Texas despite the oil and gas industry's struggles at the time. The company focused on engineering, procurement, and construction management to offshore oil and gas platforms. The company used computer-aided design when most were still doing manual drawings. Mustang Engineering is now a business unit of Wood Group, based in Aberdeen, Scotland. The company also works in pipeline, automation, and nonenergy process markets. In 2004, Higgs and Paul Redmon received the Industry Achievement Award from the Engineering and Construction Contracting Association. In 2016, Higgs published a book called Mustang the Story that detailed the founding and ultimate success of Mustang Engineering.

Community involvement
Higgs got involved in Scouting as a nine-year-old Cub Scout in Cleveland, Ohio. He became an Eagle Scout in 1967 and later earned three palms. Higgs stayed active in Scouting as an adult and was recognized with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award (DESA) in 2004.

He credits the lessons he learned in his involvement with Scouting for the ability to get his company going. He believes that Scouting helps a boy throughout his life by improving family communication, values, service, and achievement. He noted that on the application to West Point three of ten background questions related to Scouting: "Were you a Scout? Were you an Eagle Scout? Were you a senior patrol leader?"

Personal life 
Higgs is married to Ann. They have two grown children: Greg and Stephanie. Higgs continues to support Scouting.

Published works

References

External links

American energy industry executives
United States Military Academy alumni
Living people
United States Army Rangers
People from Waxhaw, North Carolina
1952 births
Sebring (sports car). Sebring Works (formerly Sebring Sports Cars) is a British electric sports car manufacturer, based near Stratford Upon Avon, Warwickshire. They produce a range of retro-inspired open-top electric sports cars and a coupe.

Range
Sebring Sports Cars hand builds a range of electric sports cars using fibreglass bodywork, the style reminiscent of the classic Austin-Healey 3000 sports cars produced between 1959 and 1967 and the Porsche 356 (coupe and speedster).

The name derives from the Sebring International Raceway in the USA, at which Austin-Healey cars were very successful.

Previously a kit car company, Sebrings are now exclusively factory built in Long Marston, Warwickshire.

The brand was acquired in 2021 by the Vital Spark Group Ltd.
On 5 July 2023 the company and Vital Spark Group were renamed Sebring Works

References

External links
 

Car manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Sports car manufacturers
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Defence Laboratory. Defence Laboratory, located in Jodhpur, is a strategically important laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

Previously located in Ratanada Palace (now a DRTC training centre), it was moved to the New Technical Complex. It is responsible for the development and manufacture of electronics and materials required for modern warfare and weapon systems. Its main research fields are materials and electronics. Its mission is development of radio communication systems, data links, satellite communication systems, millimeter wave communication systems.

The Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur has developed several nuclear radiation monitoring systems, indigenous CHAFF Technology and camouflage techniques for the Armed Forces of India.

Industry collaboration 
Defence Laboratory supported Economic Explosives Limited in setting up an advanced technology plant that would reduce reliance on imports while producing 118 mm, 50 mm, and 26 mm Chaff payloads for Dassault Mirage 2000, Mikoyan MiG-29, SEPECAT Jaguar, and all helicopters in use by the armed forces. On 4 August 2024, Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, Deputy Chief of Air Staff, officially opened the manufacturing plant.

Technology transfers 
In 2024, DRDO transferred the technology for the Microwave Obscurant Chaff (MOC), which was developed by Defence Laboratory, to the Indian Navy. The MOC conceals radar signals and generates a microwave shield around platforms and assets, which reduces detection by radars.

References

Jodhpur
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Science and technology in Rajasthan
Research institutes established in 1959
1959 establishments in Rajasthan
Cometa (HVDC). COMETA (abbreviation for COnexión MEditerránea Transporte Alta tensión; also known as the Majorca–Valencia interconnector and the Romulus project) is an undersea electric power transmission system between mainland Spain and the island of Majorca.  It connects Morvedre near Valencia and Santa Ponsa near Palma de Mallorca.  The project was developed by Red Electrica de España. The project aims were to connect the Balearic Islands with the Spanish peninsular grid, providing a better electrical supply to the two isolated Balearic grids.

History
On 26 September 2007, contracts between Red Electrica de España and the cable manufacturers Nexans and Prysmian were signed.  On 9 October 2007, a contract with Siemens was signed for supplying two converter stations.

The laying of the first cable started on 13 January 2011 and the laying of the second cable started on 27 January 2011.  The first cable was laid by the cable ship Giulio Verne and the second cable was laid by the cable ship Nexans Skagerrak.  Trenching was done by waterjet from the Multipurpose Supply Vessel (MPSV) Edda Fjord and dredger Argo I.

COMETA became operational in early 2012, initially at reduced capacity then fully from August 2012. The total cost of the project was €375 million. During the first operational quarter, the Spanish grid operator estimated that the connection would mean 25 million €/year in savings, due to more efficient supply to the islands and less carbon rights.

It is planned to extend the connection to Ibiza and Formentera with a second underwater cable, (115 km) long and 800 m deep, operating at 132 kV AC.

Technical description
The cable was produced and laid by Prysmian Group and Nexans SA.  The system consists of two bipolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables with a transmission capacity of 200 MW and an operating voltage of 250 kV of each, and a metal return cable.  It has a total transmission capacity of 400 MW.  The maximum depth of the submarine cable is .  It is the second longest submarine power cable after NorNed and the second deepest after SAPEI.  The submarine part of the cable is  long and the land cable is  long.  There are converter stations in Morvedre and Santa Ponsa, built by Siemens.

References

External links 
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720143801/http://www.ree.es/ingles/sala_prensa/web/inc/fichero.aspx?ruta=especiales%2Farchivos&fichero=0ym7r2b97o6r.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110323075652/http://www.ostensjo.no/ostensjo/web.nsf/Pages/EddaFjord

Electric power infrastructure in Spain
HVDC transmission lines
Energy infrastructure completed in 2012
2012 establishments in Spain