omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Emanuel Fritz. Emanuel Fritz (October 29, 1886–December 15, 1988) was an American forestry specialist. He worked in the field of California forestry for over 70 years. Upon his death, Fritz was the oldest professor in the history of the University of California. Fritz was known as "Mr. Redwood," in academic and conservation circles.

Early life and education

Emanuel Fritz was born in 1886 in Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated in 1908 with a degree in mechanical engineering from Cornell University. After graduation, he worked at Baltimore Polytechnic University as a professor. In 1912, he left the university to pursue a master's degree in forestry at Yale University, which he earned in 1914.

Career

After graduation from Yale, Fritz worked in forestry in New Hampshire. In 1915, he joined the U.S. Forest Service, where he worked in Montana and Arizona. He served in World War I, earning a rank of captain for his work in aircraft maintenance in France. He became a faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley in 1919.

Fritz led the creation of the University's summer forestry program in Plumas County, California, which remains a keystone component of the forestry program. In the 1930s, he served as editor of the Journal of Forestry. He consulted the State of California about forestry issues. He influenced policy around state regulation of forests. He also served as a consultant for the California Redwood Association and the Save the Redwoods League. He helped create the forestry program at Humboldt State University. He founded the Redwood Region Logging Conference. In 1950, he became Associate Professor at Berkeley.

He retired from Berkeley in 1954.

Later life and legacy

Fritz remained active at the University of California, Berkeley, and in forestry after his retirement. He was a member of the Bohemian Club and used his membership to educate - and influence - members about California forestry. He was also an active member of the Commonwealth Club of California, of which he served on the board of governors. He founded the Regional Parks Association, now known as the East Bay Regional Park District. He died on December 15, 1988, at his home in Berkeley, California.

Fritz's collection of forestry-related photographs are in the collection of the University of California, Berkeley's Marian Koshland Bioscience & Natural Resources Library.

References

External links

Emanuel Fritz's obituary in the New York Times

1886 births
1988 deaths
American men centenarians
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni
Forestry academics
Scientists from Baltimore
Cornell University alumni
People from Berkeley, California
Joaquim Silva e Luna. Joaquim Silva e Luna (born 10 December 1949, in Barreiros, Pernambuco), is a Brazilian politician and former Brazilian Army general who served as Minister of Defence from February 2018 until January 2019.

Biography

He began his military career on February 10, 1969, in the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras. He graduates lieutenant of Engineering on December 16, 1972.

He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on August 31, 1975, and to captain on August 31, 1978. In this period, he realized the specialization courses of Communications (1976) and  Jungle Expert (1979). He also made the advanced course of Engineering in 1981. He worked many years in the construction Battalions of the Army.

Promoted to major in August, 1985, he studied in the Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército (Brazil) in 1987 and 1988. Later, was promoted to lieutenant colonel on April 30, 1990, and was Engineering advisor in Paraguay, between 1992 and 1994.

Colonel on April 30, 1995, he commanded the 6th Construction Engineering Battalion in Boa Vista, Roraima, between 1996 and 1998. Later, he returned to the Escola de Comando e Estado-Maior do Exército (Brazil) to realize the Political and Strategic Course. He was military attaché in Israel from 1999 to 2001.

He was promoted to major general on March 31, 2002, and designated to command the 16th Jungle Infantry Brigade, located in Tefé - Amazonas, between 2002 and 2004. Later he was the director of Patrimony of the Army, being promoted to lieutenant general on March 31, 2006.

He was the Chief of Cabinet from the Brazilian Army Commander, General Enzo Martins Peri, from 2007 to March 31, 2011, when was promoted to four-star general. Between May 10, 2011, and April 10, 2014, he was Brazilian Army Chief of Staff.

After his retirement from active duty, he was nominated as Personnel, Education, Health and Sports Secretary of the Ministry of Defence (Brazil). On October 26, he became Secretary-General of the Ministry.

He was the first military man designated as Minister of Defence since its creation in 1999, and the 11th person to assume that function.

In February 2021, President Jair Bolsonaro fired Roberto Castello Branco and appointed Silva e Luna as the next President of the Brazilian state oil company Petrobras.

Dates of rank

Recognitions and honors

References

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1949 births
Living people
Brazilian generals
Defence ministers of Brazil
People from Barreiros, Pernambuco
Republicans (Brazil) politicians
Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006) politicians
Marine Adder-class transport. The Marine Adder class of transports were Type C4-class ship built for the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) during World War II. They were converted after the war for use by the United States Navy (USN) for troop transports. Marine Adder-class ships also served in the Korean War.

Marine Adder-class transport

Citations

References

Bibliography
 American Merchant Marine at War - C4 ships
 US Maritime Commission Details and Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels, The C4 Cargo Ship, Conversions and Subdesigns
 US Maritime Commission overview
 US Maritime Commission - Technical Specifications for Ships including definitions of terms
 From America to United States: The History of the Long-Range Merchant Shipbuilding Programme of the United States Maritime Commission, by L.A. Sawyer and W.H. Mitchell. London, 1981, World Ship Society
 Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the U.S. Maritime Commission in World War II, by Frederic C. Lane 

 
Troop ships
Deepak Ahuja. Deepak Prabhu Ahuja is an Indian-American financial executive working in the life sciences industry who previously worked in the automotive manufacturing industry. He is best known for being the former CFO of Tesla.

Ahuja holds a bachelor's degree in ceramic engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi and a master's degree from Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science of Northwestern University.  Ahuja enrolled at Northwestern University in 1985, with his first class being taught by Morris E. Fine.

Ahuja spent six years working for Kennametal near Pittsburgh, and obtained a Master of Business Administration qualification from Carnegie Mellon University.

In 1993 Ahuja moved to Woodhaven, Michigan, to accept a job with the Ford Motor Company.  He became chief financial officer (CFO) of the AutoAlliance International joint-venture between Ford and Mazda.  Ahuja then moved to become CFO of Ford in Southern Africa.  He then returned to Michigan to act as controller of Ford's fuel-efficient small cars product development programme.

On 13 June 2008 Ahuja was offered the position of chief financial officer at Tesla Motors, reporting to CEO and president Ze'ev Drori.  In 2015 Ahuja retired from Tesla, and then returned as chief financial officer again in February 2017 to replace Jason Wheeler. His retirement from Tesla after 11 years was announced on the Q4 2018 Tesla earnings call on January 30, 2019.

In January 2020, Ahuja joined Verily as its chief financial officer. In September 2022, it was announced that Ahuja would leave Verily and join Zipline as its first chief business and financial officer from September 30.

References

Further reading

External links
 

1963 births
Living people
Tesla, Inc. people
Banaras Hindu University alumni
Northwestern University alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Cylinder Head Temperature gauge. A Cylinder Head Temperature gauge (CHT) measures the cylinder head temperature of an engine. Commonly used on air-cooled engines, the head temperature gauge displays the work that the engine is performing more quickly than an oil or water temperature gauge. As the engine works at high speed or uphill, head temperature will increase quickly. The meter can be digital or analog.

An air-cooled engine requires a steady flow of air for cooling. Most air-cooled engines have thermostats controlling air doors or flaps to help the engine reach operating temperature as quickly as possible. Any failure of the cooling system will cause engine failure via scuffed piston skirts. Air-cooled engines are used in aircraft engine control and other air-cooled engines as in cars and air-cooled motorcycles.

The CHT sender usually has a K-type thermocouple that is mounted under the spark plug. The K-type thermocouple is a pair of two dissimilar metals that produce a small voltage signal when heated. The metal closest to the spark plug is called the hot junction and the other, closest to the head, the cold junction. The ring under the spark plug is used to transfer the heat from the plug to the thermocouple. The gauge and cold junction are usually calibrated at room temperature,  .  Because the thermocouple is calibrated for room temperature, the gauge readings will only be 100% accurate at that engine compartment temperature. If the engine compartment temperature is colder, the CHT temperature will display higher. If the engine compartment temperature is higher, the reading will be lower.  The error can be corrected with a cold-junction compensating thermistor, which measures the temperature at the cold junction so the gauge can adjust the reading. Low budget gauges do not have this compensating thermistor.

See also
Timeline of motor and engine technology
Timeline of heat engine technology
Engine cooling

References

P V Lamarque, "The design of cooling fins for Motor-Cycle Engines". Report of the Automobile Research Committee, Institution of Automobile Engineers Magazine, March 1943 issue, and also in "The Institution of Automobile Engineers. Proceedings XXXVII, Session 1942-1943, pp 99-134 and 309-312.
Julius Mackerle, "Air-cooled Automotive Engines", Charles Griffin & Company Ltd., London 1972.

P V Lamarque, "The design of cooling fins for Motor-Cycle Engines". Report of the Automobile Research Committee, Institution of Automobile Engineers Magazine, March 1943 issue, and also in "The Institution of Automobile Engineers. Proceedings XXXVII, Session 1942-1943, pp 99-134 and 309-312.
Julius Mackerle, "Air-cooled Automotive Engines", Charles Griffin & Company Ltd., London 1972.

Engine technology
Engine sensors
Nadia Heninger. Nadia Heninger (born 1982) is an American cryptographer, computer security expert, and computational number theorist at the University of California, San Diego.

Contributions
Heninger is known for her work on freezing powered-down security devices to slow their fading memories and allow their secrets to be recovered via a cold boot attack, for her discovery that weak keys for the RSA cryptosystem are in widespread use by internet routers and other embedded devices, for her research on how failures of forward secrecy in bad implementations of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange may have allowed the National Security Agency to decrypt large amounts of internet traffic via the Logjam vulnerability, and for the DROWN attack, which uses servers supporting old and weak cryptography to decrypt traffic from modern clients to modern servers.

Heninger's other research contributions include a variant of the RSA cryptosystem that would be secure against quantum computers, an attack on implementations of the ANSI X9.31 cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator that use hard-coded seed keys to initialize the generator, and the discovery of a side-channel attack against some versions of the libgcrypt cryptography library.

In 2015, Heninger was part of a team of proponents that included Matt Blaze, Steven M. Bellovin, J. Alex Halderman, and Andrea M. Matwyshyn who successfully proposed a security research exemption to Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

Education and career
Heninger graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 2004, with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and computer science. She completed her doctorate in 2011 at Princeton University; her dissertation, Error Correction and the Cryptographic Key, was supervised by Bernard Chazelle.
After postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Diego and Microsoft Research in New England, she became Magerman Term Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 2013. In 2019, she returned to the University of California, San Diego.

Recognition
Heninger's work on weak keys and on forward secrecy of Diffie–Hellman won best paper awards at the conferences at which they were presented, as have several of Heninger's other publications. She is one of the 2016 recipients of the Applied Networking Research Prize of the Internet Research Task Force.

She was an invited speaker at Asiacrypt 2016, speaking on "The reality of cryptographic deployments on the internet".

Selected publications

References

External links
Home page

1982 births
Living people
American computer scientists
American cryptographers
American women computer scientists
Public-key cryptographers
21st-century American mathematicians
American number theorists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Princeton University alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
21st-century American women mathematicians
American women cryptographers
University of Pennsylvania Department of Computer and Information Science faculty
Monroe H. Martin Prize. The Monroe H. Martin Prize recognizes an outstanding paper in applied mathematics, including numerical analysis, by a young researcher not more than 35 years old and a resident of North America. First awarded in 1975, it is given every 5 years by the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park. The prize commemorates the achievements of Monroe H. Martin, former director of the Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics and chair of the Mathematics Department at the University of Maryland. The prize carries a monetary award plus travel expenses; recipient presents his or her work at the Monroe H. Martin lecture at the University of Maryland.

Recipients 
The recipients of the Monroe H. Martin Prize are:

 1975:  Neil E. Berger
 1980:  Marshall Slemrod
 1985: Jonathan Goodman
 1990: Marek Rychlik
 1995: Andrew M. Stuart
 1995: Zhihong Xia
 2000: Robert J. McCann
 2000: Yury Grabovsky
 2005: C.Sinan Gunturk
 2005: Jared Tanner
 2010: Adam Oberman
 2010: Joel A. Tropp

See also

 List of mathematics awards

References 

Mathematics awards
Computational Spectroscopy In Natural Sciences and Engineering. COmputational Spectroscopy In Natural Sciences and Engineering (COSINE) is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network in the field of theoretical and computational chemistry, focused on computational spectroscopy. The main goal of the projects is to develop theoretical tools: computational codes based on electronic structure theory for the investigation of organic photochemistry and for simulation of spectroscopic experiments. It is part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research funding framework.

Objective 
The main purpose of COSINE is the development of ab-initio research tools to study optical properties and excited electronic states, which are dominated by electron correlation. This tools are developed for the investigation of organic photochemistry with the aim of accurate simulation of spectroscopic experiments on the computer. To this end a complementary series of tools, rooted in coupled cluster, algebraic diagrammatic construction, density functional theory, as well as selected multi-reference methods, are developed.

Nodes
The project is divided into 8 different nodes:

 Node 1, Heidelberg University is the coordinating node, led by Andreas Dreuw
 Node 2, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, led by Patrick Norman
 Node 3, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, led by Christian Ochsenfeld
 Node 4, Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, led by Chiara Cappelli
 Node 5, University of Southern Denmark in Odense, led by Jacob Kongsted
 Node 6, L'École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, led by Ilaria Ciofini
 Node 7, Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, led by Henrik Koch
 Node 8, Technical University of Denmark in Lyngby, led by Sonia Coriani

Partner organisations 
 ELETTRA, Sincotrone Trieste, Italy;
Electromagnetic Geoservices ASA, Norway;
 EXACT LAB SRL, Italy;
 Nvidia GmbH, Germany;
 DELL S.P.A., Italy;
 Inc., United States;
 PDC Center for High-Performance Computing, KTH, Sweden;
 Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy.

References

External links 
 COSINE homepage
 ITN Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions
 CORDIS Community REsearch and Development Information Service

College and university associations and consortia in Europe
Computational chemistry
Engineering university associations and consortia
Holly Ridings. Holly Elizabeth Ridings (born 25 December 1973) is an American mechanical engineer and was the first woman to be chief flight director at NASA. She works at the Johnson Space Center.

Early life and education 
Ridings was born in Amarillo, Texas. She attended Texas A&M University, where she studied mechanical engineering and graduated in 1996. Ridings was made a member of the NASA Academy. She took part in a student program at the Goddard Space Flight Center.

She is married to Michael Baine.

Career 

Ridings joined NASA in 1998, working as an International Space Station flight controller in the Thermal Operations and Resources Group. She eventually became lead for the International Space Station Attitude Determination and Control group. In 2003 she became lead for the Space Station Motion Control Systems Group. 
In 2005 she was made a flight director. She was lead director for Expedition 16, STS-127 and SpaceX Dragon. As expedition 16 lead, Ridings was responsible for the crew of the International Space Station for STS-120, STS-122, STS-123 as well as the first Automated Transfer Vehicle mission. During STS-127, Ridings oversaw major construction to the International Space Station, including the addition of the Japanese Exposed Facility and the External Platform. Ridings was promoted to Deputy Chief Flight Director. She was responsible for the safety of the International Space Station crew during the SpaceX Dragon Demo.

In September 2018 Ridings was announced as the chief flight director at NASA. She was responsible for 32 flight directors who oversee human spaceflight. She oversaw missions to the International Space Station, the Orion spacecraft as well as integrated trips of commercial crew spacecraft. Ridings served as chief flight director through 2022.

Awards and honors
Ridings won the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal for Expedition 16 and the SpaceX Dragon Mission.

References 

NASA flight controllers
American aerospace engineers
Mechanical engineers
Texas A&M University alumni
People from Amarillo, Texas
1973 births
Living people
Vauxhall XVR. The Vauxhall XVR is a concept car built in 1966 by Vauxhall. The name stands for eXperimental Vauxhall Research. It debuted at the March 1966 Geneva Motor Show receiving favourable reviews from press, but never went into production.

Production 

Three prototypes of the XVR were built in total. Two were glassfibre rolling mockups with no engines, while one was a metal bodied, fully functional example, built by Motor Panels of Coventry. The fully functional car was the one displayed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1966. In total, the concept took five months to design and build.

Only one of the mockups survives today, as Vauxhall crushed both the running prototype and the other mockup. The surviving car remains in the ownership of Vauxhall Motors and is currently on display at the British Motor Museum.

Specifications 
The lone fully functional XVR was powered by a front mid mounted 2.0 litre Vauxhall Slant-4 Engine, producing around .

The suspension was fully independent in the front and rear, and there were disc brakes at all four corners. The slant four engine was a pre-production model which was later used in the Vauxhall VX4/90. The XVR was able to reach a top speed of over .

Design 
The design team for the XVR was directed by David Jones and also included Wayne Cherry, John Taylor, Leo Pruneau, and Judd Holcombe. The looks were inspired by the concept car by Chevrolet, the Mako Shark II which was introduced in 1965. The design incorporates the Mako Shark's split windscreen, pop up headlamps, and gull wing doors.

References 

Cars introduced in 1966
Vauxhall concept vehicles
Automobiles with gull-wing doors
Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Helmut Zborowski. Helmut Graf von Zborowski (21 August 1905 in Theresienstadt, Bohemia – 16 November 1969 in Brunoy, France) was an Austrian aircraft designer for VTOL. In rocket technology, he was involved in the development of the Fieseler Fi 103 and the A4 with Wernher von Braun.

References

1905 births
1969 deaths
Austrian designers
Aircraft designers
People from Terezín
Sound multiplex in broadcasting. In broadcasting, sound multiplex is a method to deliver alternative audio feeds on television and radio channels.

Usage
This way, a television or radio channel can carry surround sound (like stereo or 5.1 surround sound), or alternative audio programming where an audio track in different language, alternative sports commentary, or audio description for people with visual impairment can be heard.

Standards

Analogue television
 EIAJ MTS, a standard developed by Electronic Industries Association of Japan (EIAJ) in Japan
 Multichannel television sound (MTS), a standard developed in the United States, and adopted in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan and United States
 Second audio program (SAP), part of MTS
 Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM), a standard developed in the United Kingdom, and adopted in major European and Asia-Pacific countries
 Zweikanalton ( A2 Stereo), a standard developed in Germany, and mainly adopted in Australia, Austria, Germany, Netherlands, South Korea and Switzerland
Analogue radio
 Subsidiary communications authority (SCA), a standard developed in the United States, and also adopted in Canada
 FMeXtra, a digital application of SCA
 HD Radio, a proprietary digital standard also established and used in the U.S. and Canada

External links
 

Broadcasting
Sound
After-rust. After-rust is a form of rust which sometimes develops on a non-ferrous metal surface when that surface has been finished, deburred, or cleaned with a carbon steel brush or steel wool.  It is caused by microscopic deposits of the steel which become embedded in the metal surface and which over time begin to oxidize.  This oxidation causes the surface to become dull and may impart a brown color to it.  After-rust can be avoided by cleaning such surfaces only with non-ferrous brushes/ wools including rustless bronze, aluminum, and stainless steel wool and nonferrous wools such as those made of brass.

References

Corrosion