omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Isobutylbenzene. Isobutylbenzene is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H14. It is used in chemical synthesis as a fuel and in pharmaceuticals. For instance, it is used to make pain killers like ibuprofen. 

Isobutylbenzene is a colorless flammable liquid that is a respiratory irritant.

Industrial production is through catalytic carbometalation: toluene adds to propene in the presence of a sodium-potassium catalyst on activated carbon.

References 

Alkylbenzenes
C4-Benzenes
Play-Doh (sculpture). Play-Doh is a painted aluminum sculpture by Jeff Koons, made between 1994 and 2014. Five copies were made, each measuring approximately 120 × 108 × 108 in. (304.8 × 274.3 × 274.3 cm). It is formed of 27 separate pieces of polychromed aluminum and was first publicly shown at the retrospective of Koons' work in 2014 at the Whitney Museum of American Art in NYC.

Analysis
The title refers to the modeling compound named Play-Doh which is used for arts and crafts projects by young children.

In reference to the sculpture Play-Doh, Koons has said that he tries to "make objects that you can't make any judgements about". In the same commentary Koons said "If you take Play-Doh apart... they're organic shapes that all stack on top of each other... so that these surfaces are meeting on the inside and you never see that... the public doesn't see it but I think that you feel it and it has kind of a Freudian quality to it. I really thought that Play-Doh captures the twentieth century and you have this aspect of Freud with this mound of Play-Doh and the way the organic shapes are on top of each other... and within art you have this abstract expressionism... you have this aspect of DeKooning or something..."

Concept
Koons explains in Highsnobiety, in a video associated with Christie's, that he originally conceived "Play-Doh" to be a polyethylene sculpture. Koons eventually felt that he could not get the undercuts that he wanted using polyethylene. Koons was unwilling to compromise on the superrealism that he aimed for and opted instead for aluminum. Koons wanted the sculpture to be believable as a mound of Play-Doh. Koons was concerned in the sculpture's development that angles not be too sharp and organic forms not be too organic. This was with the aim of reproducing the appearance of the "Play-Doh" modeling compound on which the sculpture is based.

Exhibition
One of the five iterations of the sculpture was auctioned for 20 million dollars on May 17, 2018.

References

External links

 artdependence 2018 Koons, Play-Doh sculpture
 artnet 2018 Koons, Play-Doh sculpture
 christies.com Koons discusses the sculpture

1994 sculptures
Aluminium sculptures
Contemporary works of art
Sculptures by Jeff Koons
Whitney Museum of American Art
Zotye E30. The Zotye Zhima E30 (芝麻) or Zotye E30 is an all-electric car that was manufactured by the Chinese manufacturer Zotye in the mid-2010s. A revised version of the model was later manufactured by Dorcen as the Dorcen E20.

Overview

The Zotye Zhima E30 was unveiled during the 2016 Shanghai Auto Show in China with prices ranging from 109,800 to 119,800 yuan at that time.

According to the official website, the Zotye Zhima E30 model was later renamed to Zotye Domy Zhima under the Domy product series.

The Zotye Zhima E30 electric city car is powered by an electric motor producing  and  of torque to the front wheels. According to Zotye, the Zotye Zhima E30 has a top speed of 80 kilometer per hour and the 16kWh unit battery has a maximum range of 150 kilometers.

Dorcen E20
As of 2019, the Zotye E30 platform was sold to Dorcen, and after a few redesigns, the model was rebadged as the Dorcen E20. For Europe, badged Elaris Finn, it gets a powertrain upgrade: , top speed of 115 kilometer per hour and a 31.5 kWh battery (Li ternary chemistry, so NMC) with 265 km of range (WLTP), rechargeable in 5h (AC, 5-100%) or 45 min (DC, 30-80%).
This is similar to Chinese spec from model year 2019.

References

External links

Production electric cars
2010s cars
E
Cars introduced in 2015
Cars of China
Hatchbacks
Subcompact cars
Zotye E200. The Zotye E200 was an all-electric car that is manufactured by the Chinese manufacturer Zotye.

Overview

The Zotye E200 was unveiled during the 2015 Shanghai Auto Show in China with prices stated to be 69,900 yuan.

The E200 electric city car is powered by an electric motor producing 82 hp and 170 nm of torque.  According to Zotye, the Zotye E200 has a top speed of 150 kilometer per hour with a maximum range of 220 kilometers. The E200 is available with a choice of two batteries; 24.5kWh or 31.9 kWh.

References

External links

Production electric cars
2010s cars
E200
Cars introduced in 2015
Cars of China
Ibrahim Salem Mohammedin. Ibrahim Salem Mohammedin (إبراهيم سالم محمدين; September 15, 1921 – November 12, 2018) was an Egyptian engineer and industrialist. Mohammedin served as the Minister of Industry from 1973 until 1974 under President Anwar Sadat. 

In 1982, Mohammedin founded the Alexandria National Iron and Steel Company (now known as Ezz Steel) and served as its chairman from 1982 to 2000. He stepped down as chairman in 2000 and was succeeded by Ahmed Ezz.

Mohammedin was born in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, on September 15, 1921. He died in Cairo from an illness on November 12, 2018, at the age of 97.

References

1921 births
2018 deaths
Trade and Industry ministers of Egypt
Egyptian chief executives
Egyptian business executives
People from Damietta Governorate
David Zitoun. David Zitoun () is an Israeli chemist and materials scientist.

Biography
David Zitoun obtained his M.Sc. (1999) in Physical chemistry from Ecole Normale Superieure, France, and a Ph.D. (2003) from the University Toulouse III, France, under the supervision of Bruno Chaudret, with a dissertation on the magnetism of clusters.  In 2003 he was a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley with Prof. Peidong Yang, investigating the diluted magnetic semiconducting nanowires. Between 2004 and 2009 he was a senior lecturer at Montpellier 2 University, France, and in 2009 he joined the Department of Chemistry at Bar-Ilan University (BIU) where he is currently a full professor and holds the position of the Head of the department. Zitoun is a member of the Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), a member of the Israel National Research Center for Electrochemical Propulsion (INREP), an associate editor of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research (Springer), a Panel Member of the FORMAS Funding Agency (Sweden), and an Expert for the Horizon 2020 research program. He has also been a consultant for ICL-IP, PVNanoCell, and CENS Materials.

Scientific interests and publications 
His current research focuses on the investigation of the chemical synthesis of materials to promote renewable and green energies. Zitoun's lab has a high expertise in the wet synthesis of Nano-scale materials with the accent on the transition metals, their complexes, organometallic, metallic, and metal-oxide compounds. He developed new chemical routes using soluble organometallic or metal-organic precursors as an alternative to conventional colloidal chemistry and gas phase thin film deposition. The nanomaterials exhibit high activity for electrocatalysis in alkaline medium. Zitoun and colleagues were the first to introduce the use of electron magnetic measurements in post-mortem analyses of Li-ion batteries and the first group to publish the operando electron magnetic measurements. These in-situ measurements allowed proposing a new electrochemical mechanism for the high energy density anodic materials. David Zitoun has an active scientific collaboration with many world-renowned scientists, among which are Prof. Doron Aurbach, Prof. Zeev Zalevsky and Prof. Nicola Pinna.

Personal life
David Zitoun is married to Keren Zitoun, a pharmacist with a thesis in music therapy. They immigrated to Israel in 2009 and have four children.

References

1975 births
Living people
Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University
Israeli chemists
Jewish chemists
Paul Sabatier University alumni
Sand reinforced polyester composite. Sand reinforced polyester composites (SPCs), are building materials with sand acting as reinforcement in the composite. Pioneers in using sand reinforced composites include German business men Gerhard Dust and Gunther Plötner, who made sand reinforced composite bricks with polyester resin and hardener to provide emergency relief housing for those affected by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. Sand was used in the composites because of its abundance and ease in obtaining.

Composition 
The composition of sand is highly variable depending on the origin of the sand. The most common material found in non-tropical, coastal, and inland sand is silica usually in the form of quartz – which is considerably hard and one of the most common minerals resistant to weathering.

Preparation 

 Drying sand
 Mixing with alternate material(s)
 Adding a hardener to the mixture (such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide)
 Pouring mixture into mold and drying
 Releasing from mold and smoothing

Properties 

 SPCs decrease water absorption because of the hydrophobic nature of sand.
 The compression strength of SPCs is typically lower than non-sand reinforced composites.
 Flexural strength of SPCs decreases with an increasing weight percent of sand. The composite becomes increasingly brittle as the weight percent of sand increases.
 A greater weight percent of sand increases the composite's hardness (Vickers hardness test) – sand has reinforcing capabilities.
 Thermal conductivity decreases with a greater weight percent of sand. Sand has insulating properties.

References 

Composite materials
Burn-Jeng Lin. Burn-Jeng Lin (; born 1942) is a Taiwanese electrical engineer.

Education 
After graduating from National Taiwan University in 1963 with a degree in electrical engineering, Lin earned his doctorate in the same subject from Ohio State University in 1970.

Career 
During his tenure at IBM, which began in 1970, Lin became the first to propose immersion lithography, a technique that became viable in the 1980s. Lin left IBM to found his own company, Linnovation, Inc., in 1992. He began working for TSMC in 2000. Lin was named an IEEE Fellow in 2003, and granted an equivalent honor by the SPIE. The next year, SPIE gave Lin the inaugural Frits Zernike Award. In 2008, Lin was elected to membership of the United States National Academy of Engineering "for technical innovations and leadership in the development of lithography for semiconductor manufacturing." Lin received the IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award and IEEE Jun-ichi Nishizawa Medal in 2009 and 2013 respectively. In 2014, Lin was named a member of Academia Sinica. Upon his retirement from TSMC, he was offered a position on the faculty of National Tsing Hua University.

References

1942 births
Living people
Taiwanese electrical engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of Academia Sinica
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of SPIE
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Academic staff of the National Tsing Hua University
IBM people
Taiwanese company founders
National Taiwan University alumni
Unni Steinsmo. Unni Steinsmo (born 15 March 1954) is a Norwegian chemical engineer and research executive. She served as chief executive of SINTEF from 2004 to 2015.

Biography
Steinsmo was born in Levanger Municipality on 15 March 1954. She graduated as chemical engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and as Doctor of Engineering degree in materials science in 1987.

An associate professor at the Norwegian University of Technology, she was appointed research director at SINTEF from 1997 to 2003, and served as Chief executive officer from 2004 to 2015. She has been a board member of Research Council of Norway, and member of the European Research Advisory Board.

References

1954 births
Living people
People from Levanger
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Norwegian chemical engineers
Takashi Hibiki. Takashi Hibiki is a Japanese scientist who is a professor emeritus of nuclear engineering at Purdue University and a chair professor of thermal-fluid engineering at City University of Hong Kong.

Early life and education
Hibiki was born in 1963 at Kyoto in Japan.  Hibiki graduated from Osaka University in 1985.  He obtained his Ph.D. from Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka University in 1990 under the supervision of Professor Takashi Katayama.

Career 
After obtaining his Ph.D., Hibiki became an assistant professor at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University in 1990, and was promoted to an associate professor in 1997.  He was invited to be a full professor at School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University in 2006, and became a professor emeritus in 2018,. Hibiki is currently a chair professor of thermal-fluid engineering at City University of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong government granted a Global STEM Professorship to Hibiki.

Hibiki first developed a high-time-resolution neutron radiography technique using a steady thermal neutron beam in 1994.  For this achievement he was awarded 1995 Promising Endeavor Award, from Atomic Energy Society of Japan.  He published a research article on the basic constitutive equations for predicting mini-channel two-phase fluid dynamics in International Journal of Multiphase Flow.  These equations are known as Mishima-Hibiki equations and the paper is ranked No. 1 in citations for all papers published in International Journal of Multiphase Flow since 1974 as of November 1, 2018.  He developed the interfacial area transport equation known as Hibiki-Ishii equation, which has been implemented into a commercial computational fluid dynamics code.  He also co-authored the book  Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow.

Recognition and awards 
In 2015, Hibiki was awarded Osaka University Global Alumni Fellow from Osaka University.

1995 - Promising Endeavor Award, Atomic Energy Society of Japan
2001 - Preeminent Monograph Award, Japanese Society for Multiphase Flow
2001 - Young Member Engineering Achievement Award, American Nuclear Society
2005 - Research & Development Award, Japanese Society for Multiphase Flow
2007 - Engineering Achievement Award, Thermal-hydraulics Division, Atomic Energy Society of Japan
2010 - Preeminent Monograph Award, Japanese Society for Multiphase Flow
2011 - Distinguished Service Award, Heat Transfer Society of Japan
2011 - Fellow, American Nuclear Society
2015 - Best Paper Award, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2015 – Osaka University Global Alumni Fellow
2016 - Award for Eminent Achievements in Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Society of Japan
2018 - Preeminent Monograph Award, Japanese Society for Multiphase Flow

References 

1963 births
Living people
Osaka University alumni
Japanese scientists
Sucroglyceride. Sucroglycerides are substances used in the manufacture of food. They are known in the E number scheme as E474.

Synopsis

Sucroglycerides have been known at least since 1963.

Sucroglycerides are obtained through a reaction between sucrose and an edible oil or fat, and consist of a mixture of mono- and di-esters of sucrose and fatty acids, and mono- and diglycerides. They are immiscible with water, so some solvents may be necessary to produce them. These are limited to dimethyl formamide, cyclohexane, isobutanol, isopropanol and ethyl acetate.

Sucroglycerides are employed as an emulsifier, stabiliser and thickener, and may be used in dairy based drinks, such as chocolate milk, eggnog, drinking yoghurt, beverage whiteners, or in dairy based desserts such as ice cream, yoghurt, sorbets, fruit based desserts, cocoa mixes, chewing gum, rice pudding or tapioca pudding. Processed meat, egg based desserts like custard, soups and broths, sauces also may be treated with sucroglycerides.

Goops and supplements for "weight reduction", infants or youth, "sport" or "electrolyte" drinks, and particulated drinks like cider, fruit wine, mead or spirituous drinks may also be treated with sucroglycerides.

References

E-number additives
Delhi Institute of Technology & Management. Delhi Institute of Technology & Management (DITM) is a private college affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and located in Ganaur, Haryana. Admission to DITM in engineering degree programmes is through the Common Entrance Test (CET) conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University. DITM is recognised as private unaided institution by AICTE. The institute runs different courses in engineering, business studies and computer education.

See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Haryana

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Haryana
Colleges of the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Business schools in Haryana
Engineering colleges in Haryana
Sorbitan monooleate. Sorbitan monooleate (commercially: Span® 80; Croda International PLC) is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is a sorbitan ester produced by the esterification of sorbitan with oleic acid, resulting in a light yellow, viscous liquid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Chemistry 
As a nonionic surfactant, sorbitan monooleate forms a protective layer around dispersed droplets in the emulsion. This layer acts as a barrier, preventing coalescence and phase separation. This helps disperse water droplets within an oil matrix, maintaining the emulsion structure.

 Chemical Formula: C24H44O6
 HLB Value: 4.3; suitable for water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Soluble in warm water and has good dispersibility in organic solvents such as ethanol and ethyl acetate.
 Physical Form: Amber liquid
 Fatty acid composition: Oleic acid (C18:1) ≤ 60%; balance primarily linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids.

At high concentrations, sorbitan monooleate can increase the viscosity of the emulsion, which can further enhance stability by reducing the movement of dispersed droplets.

When combined with other surfactants, especially those with higher HLB values like Tween 80, sorbitan monooleate can contribute to the overall stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. This combination allows for the creation of emulsifying systems with various HLB values, enabling the emulsification of a wide range of oils and waxes.

Uses

Emulsification 
Sorbitan monooleate is used to stabilize emulsions by facilitating the mixture of non-miscible components like oil and water. It is particularly effective in forming stable W/O emulsions. It reduces the interfacial tension between oil and water phases in an emulsion. This lowered tension helps prevent the separation of the two phases, promoting a more stable emulsion.

Pharmaceuticals 
Sorbitan monooleate is used as a wetting agent and dispersant in lipophilic pharmaceutical bases. It is extensively used as a wetting agent and dispersant for materials such as zinc oxide, calamine and penicillin in lipophilic pharmaceutical bases. It is also employed in drug delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of lipophilic compounds.

In research, sorbitan monooleate has been used in a study to assess transfersomes as a transdermal delivery system for sertraline. It has also been used in a study to investigate the dominant factors affecting the stability of nanoemulsions through the use of artificial neural networks.

Food Industry 
Approved for use in various food applications, sorbitan monooleate helps improve texture and stability in products like ice cream and salad dressings.

Cosmetics 
Sorbitan monooleate is utilized in creams and ointments for its emulsifying properties. Recommended topical usage levels are 0.5-5%.

Environmental Impact 
Span 80 is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly option for industrial applications.

References

E-number additives
Fatty acid esters
Richard G. Hartley. Richard Gordon Hartley (30 June 1939 – 2016) was an Australian civil engineer, and a historian of the mining and engineering industry.

Harley was born in the United Kingdom. He attained an honours degree from Murdoch University in 1992, with studies focusing on gold mining in the early twentieth century Goldfields of Western Australia.  Continuing his examination of developments in this technology, he obtained a PhD from Murdoch in 1998.

His work on the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme and Mundaring Weir was published in 2007, the centenary of the scheme. It has been the most thorough work completed on the scheme, involving extensive archival research and extensive interviews.

Hartley died in Perth, Western Australia in 2016.

Mining heritage membership and awards 
1992–2009    Member, Engineering Heritage Panel, Western Australian Branch, Engineers Australia
1995           Founding Member, Australasian Mining History Association
2009           John Monash Medal, Engineering Heritage Australia
2011           Telford Premium Prize, Institution of Civil Engineers, United Kingdom

Selected works 
 Cumming, Denis A. and Hartley, Richard G., Westralian founders of twentieth century mining: career biographies of mining engineers, mine managers and metallurgists who worked in the Western Australian mining industry 1890-1920, Richard G. Hartley, Rossmoyne W.A., 2014.
 Hartley, Richard G., River of steel: a history of Western Australian goldfields and agricultural water supply, 1903 - 2003, Access Press, Bassendean, W.A., 2007.
 Hartley, Richard G., "Fernie, Norman (1898-1977) Engineer", in John Ritchie (ed.), Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 14, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1996, pp. 155–156.
 Hartley, Richard G., A history of technological change in Kalgoorlie gold metallurgy between 1895 and 1915, PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998, 2 v.

References 

1939 births
2016 deaths
Goldfields Water Supply Scheme
Mundaring Weir
Australian engineers
Australian historians
Bhagwan Mahaveer College of Engineering and Management. Bhagwan Mahaveer College of Engineering and Management (BMCEM) now merge in Mahavir Swami Institute of Technology MVSIT is a private Jain minority college affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and located in Jagdishpur, Haryana. MVSIT  is recognised as unaided private institution by AICTE. Admission to MVSIT is through the Common Entrance Test (CET) /JEEMAINS conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University/NTA. The institute offers B.Tech full-time degree programmes.

References

Universities and colleges in Haryana
Colleges of the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Engineering colleges in Haryana