omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tamoios Environmental Protection Area. The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area () is an environmental protection area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It protects an area of coastal forests, mangroves, rocky shores and islands.

Location

The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area (APA) is in the municipality of Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, in the region  known as the Costa Verde.
The APA has a mainland portion covering the Marinah area, and an insular portion covering the Ilha Grande and all other islands in the municipality of Angra dos Reis in the basins of  Ilha Grande, Ribeira and Jacuacanga.
The APA extends across Angra dos Reis from the mouth of the Mambucaba River, adjacent to the historic village of Mambucaba, in the west on the boundary with the municipality of Paraty to the boundary with the municipality of Mangaratiba in the east.
It has an area of .
The boundaries contain , but only the land and islands are covered by the decree creating the APA.

The reserve protects extensive areas of mangroves, which are important as breeding areas for fish and shellfish.
There are also rocky coasts and restinga areas of great scenic beauty that are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.
There are over 100 islands within the  of Ilha Grande Bay.
Lack of regulation and control has allowed the marine ecosystem to degrade and lose biodiversity and landscape quality.

19 of the islands are part of the Tamoios Ecological Station.
The APA contains the  Praia do Sul Biological Reserve and the  Ilha Grande State Park.
The APA also includes  of land that is not fully protected.
The Ilha Grande has been part of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve since 1992.
It is part of the Bocaina Mosaic of conservation units.

History

The Tamoios Environmental Protection Area was created by decree 9.452 of the governor of Rio de Janeiro on 5 December 1982.
The decree was signed in 1986.
The purpose is to protect the natural environment of great scenic beauty, home to rare and endangered species, as well as caiçaras communities integrated into these ecosystems.
The master plan was instituted on 1 July 1994.

Decree 41.921 of June 2009 authorized installation of new projects in the wildlife conservation area of the APA, where previously only  renovation or expansion of existing buildings was allowed.
Since 2011 there has been discussion about creation by the state of an Ilha Grande Marine Environmental Protection Area to control and manage the marine environment.
The management plan was approved on 25 April 2013.

Notes

Sources

1982 establishments in Brazil
Environmental protection areas of Brazil
Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state)
Angra dos Reis
Linear graph grammar. In computer science, a linear graph grammar (also a connection graph reduction system or a port graph grammar) is a class of graph grammar on which nodes have a number of ports connected together by edges and edges connect exactly two ports together.  Interaction nets are a special subclass of linear graph grammars in which rewriting is confluent.

Implementations
Bawden introduces linear graphs in the context of a compiler for a fragment of the Scheme programming language.  Bawden and Mairson (1998) describe the design of a distributed implementation in which the linear graph is spread across many computing nodes and may freely migrate in order to make rewrites possible.

Notes

References
Bawden, Alan (1986), Connection graphs, In Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming, pp. 258–265, ACM Press.
Bawden, Alan (1992), Linear graph reduction: confronting the cost of naming, PhD dissertation, MIT.
Bawden, Alan (1993), Implementing Distributed Systems Using Linear Naming, A.I. Technical Report No. 1627, MIT.
Bawden and Mairson (1998), Linear naming: experimental software for optimizing communication protocols, Working paper #1, Dept. Computer Science, Brandeis University.

Graph rewriting
Reactive Blocks. Reactive Blocks is a visual model-driven development environment based on Activity Diagrams supporting formal model analysis, automated code generation, hierarchical modelling, and an extensive library of ready-to-use components for the Java platform.

Concept 
The core technology originated from research at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Institute for Telematics. Reactive Blocks is a visual model-driven development environment supporting formal model analysis, automated code generation, hierarchical modelling, and an extensive library of ready-to-use components for the Java platform.  By combining re-usable blocks, a developer can create complex applications graphically.

These building blocks are defined by a combination of graphical models and Java code. The graphical model is based on UML activity diagrams and state machines. The existing library can be extended by user-implemented custom blocks which can include the full abilities of the Java platform. Each block has an extended interface description in the form of input and output pins and a contract. The contract indicates which states a block has, and which pins can be interacted with during which state.

Reactive Blocks uses the graphical model together with the information from the contracts to formally analyse the application to discover common problems such as deadlocks or incorrect terminations. If the analysis finds a problem, the according state of the application can be highlighted to identify the cause. The development environment offers a step-by-step animation of the chain of state transitions leading up to the problem.

An application which passed validation can then be automatically converted into Java code. Since a building block´s application is a correct formal definition, the builder can transform its logic into code. The generated code is packaged in a standard Eclipse Java project and can thus be treated as any other code; exporting runnable JARs, debugging, and profiling work the same.

Supported Platforms 
 Java (software platform)
 Open Services Gateway initiative
 Eclipse Kura, an interoperability open source project for M2M applications.
 ESF, an inclusive and targeted Java OSGi software framework for M2M multiservice gateways, smart devices and IoT applications.

Literature

References 

Eclipse (software)
Clarence Gilbert Taylor. Clarence Gilbert Taylor (September 8, 1898 – March 29, 1988) was an early American aviation entrepreneur and co-founder of the Taylor Brothers Aircraft Corporation (later named the Piper Aircraft Corporation) in Rochester, New York. He was the designer of the Taylor Cub, which led to the creation of the Piper Cub, one of the most popular airplanes in history.

Biography
Gilbert was born on September 8, 1898, in Rochester, New York to Arthur and Clara (née Makin) Taylor, who had immigrated to the United States from Nottingham, England, in 1889. He was one of six children including his brother Gordon A. Taylor (January 15, 1902 – April 24, 1928). Gilbert co-founded the Taylor Brothers Aircraft Corporation with Gordon in 1927. A year later, Gordon was killed, along with an early sales agent for the brothers' aircraft, during a demonstration flight for a prototype of their Taylor Chummy airplane at the Ford Airport in Dearborn, Michigan.

After his brother's death, Gilbert moved the company to Bradford, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1936. During his time in Bradford, the company was renamed to the Taylor Aircraft Company after investor William T. Piper bought the assets of the company in 1930. Piper kept Gilbert on as president, but after clashes between the two, Piper bought Gilbert out and he left to start Taylorcraft Aviation in 1935. Two years later, Piper renamed the company to what is now known as Piper Aircraft. It went on to build more than 20,000 Taylor-designed Piper Cubs, the most-produced fabric-covered aircraft of all time.

References

External links
C. G. Taylor - Pioneers of Flight from the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

American aviation businesspeople
American aviation pioneers
1898 births
1988 deaths
Businesspeople from Rochester, New York
Aviators from Pennsylvania
American aircraft designers
American people of English descent
20th-century American businesspeople
Crewe Engineering and Design UTC. Crewe Engineering and Design UTC is a university technical college located in Crewe, Cheshire, England.

The UTC is sponsored by Manchester Metropolitan University, Bentley Motors Limited, Whitby Morrison and several other local engineering and design companies. It opened in September 2016.

Context
Crewe is a Cheshire town with a significant railway and engineering history. Crewe Engineering and Design UTC was established in 2016 to address the shortage of youngsters entering engineering, and in 2019 was rated 'good' by Ofsted who described it as ‘transforming’ the lives of its students.

References

External links
Crewe Engineering and Design UTC

University Technical Colleges
Secondary schools in the Borough of Cheshire East
Crewe
Universities and colleges established in 2016
2016 establishments in England
Manchester Metropolitan University
University Technical College Leeds. University Technical College Leeds is a university technical college (UTC) in Hunslet, Leeds, England, which opened in September 2016. The UTC is sponsored by the University of Leeds and several local employers.

The college forms part of an educational hub in the north of Hunslet, with Leeds City College's Printworks Campus using the former Alf Cooke printworks building, Leeds College of Building's Cudbear Street site, and the Ruth Gorse Academy all in close proximity to each other.

Since September 2023, UTC Leeds has been a part of the Rodillian Academy Trust.

The college is based in a formerly disused part of Braime Pressings' factory on Hunslet Road.

References

External links

Leeds
Secondary schools in Leeds
Universities and colleges established in 2016
2016 establishments in England
WMG Academy for Young Engineers, Solihull. The WMG Academy for Young Engineers (Solihull) is a mixed university technical college in Solihull which opened in 2016. It caters for students aged 14–19.

The Academy is part of the same trust as the WMG Academy for Young Engineers, Coventry. It is sponsored by WMG, University of Warwick.

References

External links 
 WMG Academy for Young Engineers (Solihull) official site

Schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull
Educational institutions established in 2016
2016 establishments in England
University Technical Colleges
Hybrid shipping container. A hybrid shipping container is a shipping system that uses the energy of phase-change material (PCM) in combination with the ability to recharge without removing the media. This ability is known as cold-energy battery.

Application
Currently, this technology is only being used in a limited number of shipping containers.

 SkyCell - high energy protection
 TOWER - very limited energy protection
 Peli BioThermal - high energy protection 
 World Courier Cocoon - similar platform to va-Q-tec
 va-Q-tec - high energy protection combined with vacuum panels

A Cold-energy battery works by storing energy to a given temperature and using its thermal mass to maintain this temperature. It can be recharged by being placed in a temperature range applicable to its phase change window.

See also
 Insulated shipping container

References

External links
Storage Container

Shipping containers
Cold-energy battery. A cold-energy battery utilizes the properties of an advanced phase-change material (PCM) to maintain temperature as battery thermal management. As with a standard electrical battery, a cold energy battery stores energy and releases depending on the energy demand on it. It can then be recharged by placing in a temperature environment conducive to the phase change properties of the PCM.

In the context of a cold-energy battery, these materials are used to store "cold" energy, which can be particularly useful in cooling and refrigeration applications.

The energy released/absorbed by phase transition from solid to liquid, or vice versa, the heat of fusion is generally much higher than the sensible heat.  Ice, for example, requires 333.55 J/g to melt, but then the water will rise one degree further with the addition of just 4.18 J/g.

References

External links
 "Phase Change Material in Battery Thermal Management Applications" retrieved May 3, 2018

Battery types
Manu Prakash. Manu Prakash is an Indian scientist who is a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University.  Manu was born in Meerut, India. He is best known for his contributions to the Foldscope and Paperfuge.
Prakash received the MacArthur Fellowship in September 2016. He and his team at Stanford University have developed a synchronous computer that operates using the physics of moving water droplets. His work focuses on frugal innovation that makes medicine, computing and microscopy accessible to more people across the world.

Early life and education 
Manu Prakash was born in Meerut, India. He earned a BTech in computer science and engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and an M.S. and PhD in Applied Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Notable work

Foldscope 
A Foldscope is an optical microscope that can be assembled from simple components, including a sheet of paper and a lens. It was developed by Jim Cybulski and Manu Prakash and designed to cost less than US$1 to build. It is part of the "frugal science" movement, which aims to make cheap and easy tools available for scientific use in the developing world.

Paperfuge 
Paperfuge is a hand-powered ultralow-cost paper centrifuge designed by Manu Prakash and members of the Prakash Lab. Inspired by the whirlygig toy configuration, Dr. Manu designed a centrifuge using the toy's design and Supercoiling-mediated ultrafast spinning dynamics. The Paperfuge can be used to separate Plasma and RBC for rapid Malaria diagnosis in remote areas.

Awards 
TED Fellow 2009, TED Fellow 2010, TED Senior Fellow 2011

Gates Foundation Global Health “Explorations” Grant 2012

NIH Director's New Innovator Award 2015

MacArthur Fellow 2016

Unilever Colworth Prize 2020

References

External links 
 https://web.stanford.edu/group/prakash-lab/
 https://www.foldscope.com/

Living people
IIT Kanpur alumni
Stanford University faculty
American inventors
American academics of Indian descent
MacArthur Fellows
Scientists from the San Francisco Bay Area
Year of birth missing (living people)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Big memory. Big memory computers are machines with a large amount of random-access memory (RAM). The computers are required for databases, graph analytics, or more generally, high-performance computing, data science and big data. Some database systems called in-memory databases are designed to run mostly in memory, rarely if ever retrieving data from disk or flash memory. See list of in-memory databases.

Details
The performance of big memory systems depends on how the central processing units (CPUs) access the memory, via a conventional memory controller or via non-uniform memory access (NUMA). Performance also depends on the size and design of the CPU cache.

Performance also depends on operating system (OS) design. The huge pages feature in Linux and other OSes can improve the efficiency of virtual memory. The transparent huge pages feature in Linux can offer better performance for some big-memory workloads. The "Large-Page Support" in Microsoft Windows enables server applications to establish large-page memory regions which are typically three orders of magnitude larger than the native page size.

References

Big data
Data management
Distributed computing problems
Technology forecasting
Transaction processing
153 series. The  was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1958 until 1983.

Interior

History
The first trains, initially classified , entered revenue service on 1 November 1958 on Hiei semi express services operating on the Tokaido Main Line between  and . They were renumbered into the JNR three-digit classification system from 1 June 1959.

From 1972, 153 series sets were introduced on Special Rapid services in the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area to compete against private railway operators. These were replaced by 117 series EMUs by the end of 1980.

The last sets remained in service on Tokaido Main Line Hiei and Tokai services until March 1983.

See also
 155 series

References

Japanese National Railways
Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 1958
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kawasaki multiple units
Kisha Seizo multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
TCMC. TCMC may refer to:

 The Commonwealth Medical College, former name of Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine
 Tri-City Medical Center, a hospital in Oceanside, California
 TCMC, alternative abbreviation for the chemical DOTAM
 The Twin Cities–Milwaukee–Chicago project, the name used during planning for the Borealis (train)
 Thomson Components - Mostek Corporation (onetime subsidiary of Thomson Semiconducteurs, the semiconductor arm of France’s Thomson-CSF
BlackSky Pathfinder-1. BlackSky Pathfinder-1 is an Earth imaging satellite. The satellite is equipped with payloads from Harris Corporation designed to image an area approximately .

It is a demonstration satellite for BlackSky Global, a Seattle-based company intending to field a fleet of 60 spacecraft to offer on-demand high-resolution images of any place on the planet. The U.S.-built Earth observing platform weighed about , and will lay the foundation for BlackSky's commercial remote sensing business, which officials announced in June 2015. The main objective of the pathfinder is to return imagery, an achievement that would prove the basic technology behind the planned commercial Earth-observing satellite fleet. The satellite is designed for three-year lifetimes and will have an imaging resolution of about  from an altitude of .

This is first in a series of 30 satellites planned to deploy the BlackSky constellation that will provide near real-time images in about 90 minutes to produce images that are more current and wide-ranging to increase global transparency.

The satellite was launched at 03:42 UTC on 26 September 2016 by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using the PSLV-C35 launch vehicle.

References 

Earth observation satellites of the United States
Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets
Spacecraft launched in 2016
Earth imaging satellites
Commercial Earth imaging satellites
Technology demonstration satellites
Reach extender. A reach extender (or reacher, grabber arm, helping hand, trash picker, picker-upper, extended gripper, long arm gripper, extended reach grabber, grabber tool, litter picker, or caliper) is a handheld mechanical tool used to increase the range of a person's reach and grasp when grabbing objects. It has applications in waste management, assistive technology, gardening and outdoor work, and in some cases as a children's toy. It is chiefly used to pick items up off the ground, but can also be used to retrieve items from high shelves. The tool is commonly sold in hardware stores.

Description
A reach extender takes the form of a long metal or plastic pole, usually around  in length, with a handle at one end and a pair of jaws at the other end. The tool is available in lengths ranging from  for wheelchair users, up to at least .

The handle is equipped with a trigger that, when pulled, closes the jaws via a lever-and-spring system or mechanical cable within the pole. The jaws are open by default and spring open when the trigger is released. Some reach extenders may possess a secondary trigger which locks the jaws in position around whatever object they are holding, so the user does not need to maintain a tight grip on the handle. Gripping force can range up to  in some models.

Other designs have jaws equipped with suction cups for holding round objects more easily, and still others have small magnets for collecting lightweight ferrous items. Some designs allow rotation of the plane in which the jaws operate relative to the trigger grip, allowing less-awkward manipulation of different objects. Variations on the basic form of a reach extender depend on what task needs to be accomplished, and significant variation is found in the length of the pole and the maximum weight the reach extender can bear.

Usage
Reach extenders are used by litter collection services to aid in picking up litter off the ground without having to bend over repeatedly, which is very fatiguing. People may construct specially adapted tools for this purpose. 

Reach extenders are also used to provide accessibility to people with disabilities or who are aging.

A 2009 neuroplasticity study by Cardinali et al. used reach extenders to demonstrate that the human brain quickly learns to map tools as parts of the body.

History

In 1768, United States polymath Benjamin Franklin invented the "Long Arm", a reach extender for extracting books from high shelves.

In 1887, the Combined Hook and Hanger was patented by Charles Bierman of Brooklyn in 1887. Various other versions of the reach extender were patented throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

See also
Ultra Hand

References 

Tools
RPMsg. RPMsg (Remote Processor Messaging) is a protocol enabling inter-processor communication inside multi-core processors.

Background 
Modern SoCs usually employ heterogeneous processors in Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) configurations, each of which may be running a different instance of an Operating system. Typically, SoCs have a central multi-core processor running a high-level OS, such as Linux, in a Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) configuration, and additional remote processors running various flavors of a Real-time operating system. These remote processors are often used to offload CPU-intensive tasks from the main application processor, or to access hardware blocks otherwise inaccessible by the central processor. RPMsg facilitates communication between the various processors in the system, by providing means of sending inter-processor messages back and forth.

Implementations 
RPMsg is present in the Linux kernel, has been demonstrated in Zephyr (operating system), FreeRTOS, Cadence XOS, ThreadX, QNX and is also available as a stand-alone component for microcontroller-based systems. Most of the RPMsg implementations are developed as open-source.

History 
RPMsg was developed for the Linux kernel by Ohad Ben-Cohen of Wizery  and was merged to Linux 3.4 on 20 May 2012. It was first used by Google, in Android Ice Cream Sandwich, on the Galaxy Nexus phone, to enable offloading of cpu-intensive multimedia tasks on the OMAP4: from the ARM Cortex-A9 cores, running the Linux Kernel, to the ARM Cortex-M3 cores, running the TI-RTOS OS. Several semiconductor companies have since added support for RPMsg, including Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, Xilinx, NXP Semiconductors, Renesas Electronics and Nordic Semiconductor.

User-space access 
RPMsg provides a basic framework for sending framed messages between heterogenous processors, but a higher level driver is required to expose RPMsg functionality to user space in a useful way. Some of these drivers are mainlined in the Linux kernel, others are provided in a SoC vendor's kernel fork, and yet others are available out of tree.

References 

Internet protocols