omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rustem F. Ismagilov. Rustem F. Ismagilov is a Russian-American chemist. He is the John W. and Herberta M. Miles Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology.

Early life and education
Ismagilov was born in 1973 in Ufa, Russia. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1994 from the Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences before moving to the United States. In 1998, he received a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison while working with Stephen F. Nelson. Following his PhD, Ismagilov was a Postdoctoral Fellow with the Whitesides Research Group at Harvard University.

Career
Ismagilov joined the faculty at the University of Chicago in 2001 as an assistant professor. While working in this role, he focused his research on the chemical complexity of biological systems using microfabrication and microfluidics as synthetic tools. As a result, he received a five-year, $40,000 award from The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation and became a 2002 Searle Scholar. The following year, Ismagilov received a three-year grant from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation to study "the use of microfluidics to control chemical systems in a time-dependent fashion." While conducting his research, he was a recipient of the 2003 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, 2005 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award, and was listed among the world’s 100 Top Young Innovators for 2004.

Ismagilov was promoted to the rank of associate professor of chemistry in 2005. Following his promotion, he co-developed a microfluidics technique to find medical-diagnostic applications. He also developed a microfluidic device called SlipChip as a method for precise quantification of nucleic acids in resource-limited settings. In 2008, Ismagilov was the recipient of the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry, which recognizes significant research done by young scientists. By 2011, Ismagilov was listed by Clarivate as being amongst the most influential 100 chemists based on the highest citation impact scores for chemistry papers published from 2000 to 2010. He was also elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

California Institute of Technology 
Ismagilov left the University of Chicago in 2012 to become the John W. and Herberta M. Miles Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. He was also a 2012 winner of the Wisconsin Alumni Association’s Forward under 40 award. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ismagilov's laboratory launched a community-based study of COVID-19 transmission.

References

External links

Living people
People from Ufa
1973 births
California Institute of Technology faculty
University of Chicago faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
21st-century Russian chemists
Russian emigrants to the United States
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Paravauxite. Paravauxite is a rare phosphate mineral that was named in 1922. Its name is a portmanteau word made by blending the Greek word for near (παρα, meaning para) and vauxite due to the chemical relationship to vauxite. It was approved by the IMA, and was first described in 1959. It is now grandfathered, meaning it is probably to remain a species.

Properties 
It is a member of the laueite supergroup, and the laueite group within said supergroup. It is metavauxite's triclinic dimorph. It can form in complex granitic pegmatites, and in hydrothermal tin veins. It forms thick tabular crystals on {010}, and short prismatic ones on [001], but numerous forms might be exhibited. Forms aggregates that are subparallel to radial. The mineral is colorless in transmitted light. It mainly consists of oxygen (60.26%), but contains phosphorus (12.96%), iron (11.69%), aluminum (11.29%) and hydrogen (3.80%) as well. It doesn't show any radioactive properties whatsoever. It occurs in tin mines. Paravauxite has a vitreous luster, with one exception on b(100), where it is pearly. It grows in small crystals, which's size can reach up to 5×2×1.5 mm. Crystals are somewhat flattened parallel to b(100). Even with atmospheric humidity, paravauxite's hydrogen dioxide content varies considerably. The mineral's formula is complex, that's why it's really unlikely that it gets simplified by further analyses. There's only one occurrence where vauxite and paravauxite are seen together in one specimen. It's a small, cavernous, mass of druzy-green wavellite. It has blue vauxite in small radial aggregates, and a singular colorless paravauxite. One of blue vauxite's radial aggregates has this crystal implanted on top.

Formation and mining 
Other than vauxite and metavauxite, it is also associated with wavellite, but rarely occurs on the latter. It is the type locality of Llallagua, Bolivia. It can also be found in Germany, Mexico, the United States, Portugal, Sweden, with a couple of other countries.

References

Phosphate minerals
Triclinic minerals
Rama Ranganathan. Rama Ranganathan is an American bioengineer.

Ranganathan studied bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and earned a master's degree and doctorate at the University of California, San Diego. During his tenure at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, he headed the Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, and was a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator from 1997 to 2007. Ranganathan joined the University of Chicago faculty in 2017, as founding leader of the Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, a joint project of UChicago's Division of the Biological Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Engineering. In 2018, Ranganathan was appointed the Joseph Regenstein Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, as well as the Institute for Molecular Engineering.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American bioengineers
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Paul Nealey. Paul Franklin Nealey is an American molecular engineer.

Nealey studied chemical engineering at Rice University, then earned a doctorate in the subject from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He undertook postdoctoral research at Harvard University before working for Solvay et Compagnie in Brussels. During his teaching career at University of Wisconsin–Madison, Nealey received the National Science Foundation Career Award in 1997, a Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award in 2001, and was subsequently named Shoemaker Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering. He was granted fellowship in the American Physical Society in 2008 "[f]or fundamental and insightful research on the dimension dependent properties of polymer nanostructures, the directed self-assembly of block copolymers, and their application in the development of advanced lithographic materials and processes." Nealey later joined the University of Chicago as the Brady W. Dougan Professor in Molecular Engineering, and also accepted a joint appointment to the Argonne National Laboratory's Material Science Division. In 2018, Nealey was named a member of the National Academy of Engineering "[f]or the development of directed self-assembly of block copolymers as an industrially significant process for nanolithography."

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
American chemical engineers
Rice University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Argonne National Laboratory people
Inclusion Catamaran. The Inclusion Catamaran is a modern wheelchair-accessible sailing catamaran that was designed by naval engineer Frederico Cerveira, founder of Inclusive Sailing.

The catamaran was developed using principles of universal design. Universal design intends to develop products that can be accessible by everyone, regardless of factors such as age, disabilities and physical limitations.

Design 
The Inclusion Catamaran has a length overall of 7,5 m, a 4,5 m beam and 0,8 m draft.

Regarding the rig, the boat has a Bermuda rig. The mainsail has an area of 18 m2, the jib 6 m2 and the gennaker 20 m2.

Its stable deck has a maximum crew capacity of 10 people, including 4 wheelchair users, and in each hull there is space for storage and beds.

Adaptations for disabled people 
The boat has specially designed doors that enable wheelchairs users to onboard without the need for cranes. It is also equipped with adaptive systems for the rudders and sails.

References 

Sailboat types
Keelboats
Catamarans
Disabled boating
FOG Project. The FOG Project (named after Free and Open-source Ghost), is a suite of software tools for deploying disk images of Microsoft Windows and Linux using the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE). It makes use of TFTP, the Apache webserver and iPXE. It is written in PHP.

The configuration tool developed by the FOG Project makes it possible to do remote system administration of the computers in a network. FOG depends on Partclone to copy the disk image.

See also 
 Windows Deployment Services
 Clonezilla

References

External links 

 

Disk cloning
Free software programmed in PHP
Orchestration software
Organic thiocyanates. Organic thiocyanates are organic compounds containing the functional group RSCN. the organic group is attached to sulfur: R−S−C≡N has a S–C single bond and a C≡N triple bond.

Organic thiocyanates are valued building blocks. They allow to access efficiently various sulfur containing functional groups and scaffolds.

Synthesis 
Several synthesis routes exist, the most common being the reaction between alkyl halides and alkali thiocyanate in aqueous media. Illustrative is the preparation of isopropyl thiocyanate by treatment of isopropyl bromide with sodium thiocyanate in boiling ethanol. The main complication with this route is the competing formation of alkyisothiocyanates.  "SN1-type" substrates (e.g., benzyl halides) tend to give the isothiocyanate derivatives.

Some organic thiocyanates are generated by cyanation of some organosulfur compounds.  Sulfenyl thiosulfates (RSSO3−) react with alkali metal cyanides to give thiocyanates with displacement of sulfite.  This approach has been applied to allyl thiocyanate:

Sulfenyl chlorides (RSCl) also convert to thiocyanates.

Aryl thiocyanates are traditionally produced by the Sandmeyer reaction, which involves combining copper(I) thiocyanate and diazonium salts:

Some arylthiocyanates can also often be obtained by thiocyanogenation, i.e. the reaction of thiocyanogen.  This reaction is favored for electron-rich aromatic substrates.

Structure
In methyl thiocyanate,  and  distances are 116 and 176 pm. By contrast,  and  distances are 117 and 158 pm in isothiocyanates.  

Typical bond angles for  are 100°. By contrast   in aryl isothiocyanates is 165°. Again, the thiocyanate isomers are quite different with  angle near 100°.

In both organic thiocyanate and isothiocyanate isomers the  angle approaches 180°.

Reactions
Organic thiocyanates are hydrolyzed to thiocarbamates in the Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis.

Electrochemical reduction typically converts thiocyanates to thioates and cyanide, although sometimes it can replace the thiocyanate group as a whole with hydride.  

Some thiocyanates isomerize to the isothiocyanates.  This reaction is especially rapid for the allyl isothiocyanate:

Likewise, acyl thiocyanates are difficult to synthesize because any excess thiocyanate ion catalyzes isomerization to the acyl isothiocyanate.

See also
 Isothiocyanate, isomers of organic thiocyanates with the formula R−N=C=S
 Methyl thiocyanate, the simplest organic thiocyanate

References

Functional groups
Doreen Thomas. Doreen Anne Thomas is a mathematician and electrical and mechanical engineer. She is an emeritus professor of Mechanical Engineering at Melbourne University and  director of the start-up company MineOptima.

Career 
Thomas earned her BSc from the University of Cape Town, and another from the University of Witwatersrand. At Oxford she earned an MSc and a D.Phil in 1976, with a mathematical dissertation entitled Problems in Functional Analysis supervised by Hilary Priestley. Her mathematical in network analysis work led to her contributions in electrical and mechanical engineering.

As professor in the many engineering schools, in mathematics and statistics and as associate dean of research and research training at Melbourne she has done much to encourage women to be engineers. The engineering faculty of Melbourne University honours her work by offering postdoctoral scholarships in her name. In 2006 she as appointed as the University of Melbourne's first female professor of Engineering. She is a  Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering and a Fellow of Engineers Australia. She also has over 150 publications in international peer reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

She commercialised her mining software optimising mine design via her start-up company MineOptima which was acquired by the mining software company RPM. This software, which reduces development time and haulage costs in underground tunnel design, has been licensed to some of the world’s largest mining companies.

Awards 

 In 2011 Thomas was awarded with a Citation for an Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council.
 In 2012 she was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.
 In 2019 she was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women.
 In 2021 she was recognised for her significant service to tertiary engineering education and research, and to women, in this that years Queen’s Birthday Honours (see: 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)).

Selected publications

References

Australian engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Members of the Order of Australia
21st-century Australian women engineers
21st-century Australian engineers
20th-century Australian women engineers
20th-century Australian engineers
Isocyanide dichloride. Isocyanide dichlorides are organic compounds containing the RN=CCl2 functional group.  Classically they are obtained by chlorination of isocyanides.  Phenylcarbylamine chloride is a well-characterized example.

Preparation and reactions
Chlorination of organic isothiocyanates is also well established: 
RN=C=S  +  2Cl2  →  RN=CCl2  +  SCl2
Alkylisocyanates are chlorinated by phosphorus pentachloride:
RN=C=O  +  PCl5  →  RN=CCl2  +  POCl3

Cyanogen chloride also chlorinates to give the isocyanide dichloride:
ClCN  +  Cl2  →  ClN=CCl2

Reactions
Isocyanide dichlorides participate in Friedel-Crafts-like reactions, leading, after hydrolysis, to benzamides:
RN=CCl2  +  ArH  →  RN=C(Cl)Ar +  HCl
RN=C(Cl)Ar +  H2O  →  R(H)NC(O)Ar  + HCl

References

Functional groups
Isocyanides
Organochlorides
Fatim-Zahra Ammor. Fatim-Zahra Ammor or Fatima-Zahra Ammor (born 1967) is a Moroccan engineer, consultant and politician. Since October 7, 2021, she has been the current Minister of Tourism, Handicrafts and Social and Solidarity Economy of Morocco.

Early life and education 
Fatim-Zahra Ammor was born in Rabat in 1967 into a family of intellectuals. Her father is a banker and her mother a novelist. After completing her high school studies at Lycée Lyautey in Casablanca, she flew to France for preparatory classes, then joined the National School of Advanced Techniques in Paris (ENSTA Paris), where she earned her engineering degree in 1991.

Professional career 
Returning to Morocco in 1992, she began her professional career in Marketing at Procter & Gamble before joining the Moroccan Akwa Group in 2001 as a Marketing Director and member of the executive committee where she successfully built about twenty strong brands. During this period, alongside Aziz Akhannouch, she directed the Timitar, festival of World Music in Morocco in Agadir, with the purpose of repositioning the City of Agadir as a cultural destination  In 2012, she began counselling executives in marketing and business development, allowing her to lead many international events on behalf of public institutions Assises de l'Agriculture, Salon du Cheval, Berlin Green Week, etc. In 2014, she was appointed General Commissioner of the Milan Universal Exhibition (Expo Milano 2015) by King Mohammed VI. Under her leadership, the Moroccan pavilion was the 5th most visited of the Exhibition by welcoming 3 million visitors in 6 months  In 2021, she joined the board of directors of the Société des Boissons du Maroc, a subsidiary of the Castel Group.

Political career 
Being a member of the RNI party (National Rally of Independents), she joined the government led by Aziz Akhannouch as Minister of Tourism, Handicrafts and the Social and Solidarity Economy in the government's effort to end the post-Covid-19 crisis and relaunch Moroccan tourism, a key contributor to the Moroccan economy.

On 7 October 2021, she was appointed as the Minister of Tourism, Handicrafts and Social Economy by King Mohammed VI in the cabinet of Aziz Akhannouch, succeeding previous minister Nadia Fettah Alaoui. Tourism in Morocco is a major source of income and foreign currency for the country, and she has been entrusted to re-activate it following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personal life 
Fatim-Zahra is married and a mother of two. Her husband is a senior executive for an international company. She had previously lived in Luxembourg with her husband from 2017 until her entry into government in 2021.

References 

National Rally of Independents politicians
Women government ministers of Morocco
Tourism ministers of Morocco
ENSTA Paris alumni
Living people
21st-century Moroccan women politicians
21st-century Moroccan politicians
Sciences Po alumni
1967 births
NS14. NS14, NS-14, NS 14, or N.S. 14 may refer to:

Places
 Khatib MRT station (station code: NS14), Yishun, Singapore
 Myōkenguchi Station (station code: NS14), Toyono, Toyono District, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
 Cumberland North (constituency N.S. 14), Nova Scotia, Canada
 Nickerie District (FIPS region code NS14), Suriname

Other uses
 NS14 (dinghy class) (Northbridge Senior 14), Australian sailing dinghy development class
 Blue Origin NS-14, a 2021 January 14 Blue Origin suborbital spaceflight mission for the New Shepard
 RAF N.S. 14, a British NS class airship

See also

 NS (disambiguation)
 14 (disambiguation)
Cathy Edwards (software engineer). Cathy Edwards is an Australian software engineer and entrepreneur. She co-founded and was chief technology officer of app search engine Chomp in 2009. It was acquired by Apple for $50 million in 2012.

Career

Edwards studied linguistics, computer science, and pure mathematics at the University of Western Australia.

During her third year of university, she was awarded a national scholarship from Telstra, and joined their labs for a summer internship. There she prototyped the hardware and software for a wearable device that allowed to text surreptitiously. After the research labs were shuttered in 2005, she moved into a new role in the newly created chief technology office and managed a team of developers and designers to build prototypes of future mobile products. During this time, she worked in large-scale machine learning, natural language processing, and voice recognition.

Edwards later moved overseas to work as a project manager at 3jam, a text message developing company based in San Francisco. She then joined Friendster where she led the team of mobile product management. There she launched a novel revenue based on Friendster-only data packs and SMS packs sold via phone carriers.

After one and a half years living in the Silicon Valley, she partnered with her Australian friend Ben Keighran to start a company called Chomp in 2009. There, she operated as the leading engineer and product designer. The start-up company offered a search engine for app discovery, and powered search for the Verizon app store, Best Buy in the UK, Blekko, DuckDuckGo, and many others. The company filed 11 patents for their product, and offered an innovative search engine for content-based app search as opposed to name-based search. The technology brought together a new machine learning technique called topic modeling with traditional informational retrieval methodologies. Chomp launched on iPhone in January 2010 and on Android in February 2011. It was acquired by Apple for $50 million in 2012.

Edwards then joined Apple and was the Head of Search for iTunes, the App Store, and Maps before becoming Director of Evaluation and Quality for Maps.

Edwards left Apple in April 2014 and founded a new stealth startup Undecidable Labs in 2015 with some ex-Chomp colleagues which was acquired by Google in 2016. As of 2021 she is VP of Engineering, leading Google Apps, Google News, Google Discover.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Western Australia alumni
NS7. NS7, NS-7, NS.7, NS 7, or, variation, may refer to:

Places
 Kranji MRT station (station code: NS7), Sungei Kadut, Singapore
 Hirano Station (Hyōgo), station code: NS07; Kawanishi, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan
 Haraichi Station (station code: NS07), Ageo, Saitama, Japan
 Chester-St. Margaret's (constituency N.S. 07), Nova Scotia, Canada

Transportation
 Blue Origin NS-7, a 2017 December 17 Blue Origin suborbital spaceflight mission for the New Shepard
 RAF N.S. 7, a British NS class airship
 Škoda Kodiaq (model NS7), midsized crossover SUV

Other uses
 Netscape 7, webbrowser
 BRAF (gene), aka "NS7"
 New Penguin Shakespeare volume 7

See also

 NS (disambiguation)
 7 (disambiguation)

Disambiguation pages