omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Steve Hallam. Steve Hallam (born 12 July 1952) is the manager of vehicle support and team engineering for Toyota Racing Development. From 2012 until 2016 he managed Australian V8 Supercars teams the Holden Racing Team and Tekno Autosports. Before this, he was executive vice president for competition for Michael Waltrip Racing, Director of Race Engineering for the McLaren Formula 1  team, and before that various positions with the team and Team Lotus.

Career summary
before 1975: graduated from Loughborough University
1975-1981: development engineer at Aston Martin
1982-1990: trainee, engineer, development engineer, race engineer at Team Lotus (F1)
1991-1996: race engineer at McLaren (F1)
1997: chief race engineer at McLaren (F1)
1998-2008: head of the race team at McLaren (F1)
2007: engineer on the pitwall for Fernando Alonso at McLaren (F1)
2009-2011: director of race engineering at Michael Waltrip Racing (NASCAR)
2012-2013: managing director for Holden Racing Team (V8 Supercars)
2014-2015: team manager at Tekno Autosports (V8 Supercars)
2016-: manager of vehicle support & team engineering at Toyota Racing Development, California

References

Alumni of Loughborough University
Formula One engineers
Living people
McLaren people
NASCAR people
1952 births
Arthur Wiechula. Arthur Wiechula (January 20, 1867 – 1941) was a German landscape engineer. His marriage to Lydia Lindnau, produced three children, Margarethe (1895), Max (1897) and Ernst (1900).

He received the German Royal State Inventor's Honor Cross.   In 1926, he published Wachsende Häuser aus lebenden Bäumen entstehend  (Developing Houses from Living Trees) in German, describing simple building techniques involves guiding and grafting live branches together; including a system of v-shaped lateral cuts used to bend and curve individual trunks and branches in the direction of a design, with reaction wood soon closing the wounds to hold the curve.

He envisioned growing trees so that it constituted walls during growth, thereby enabling the use of young trees for building.  He never built a living home, but he grew a  wall of Canadian poplars to help keep the snow off a section of train tracks.  His illustrated ideas have inspired many other artists to attempt to grow a house of trees.

See also

References

External links
World Tree shapers, history and links
Arthur Wiechula

1867 births
1941 deaths
German landscape architects
German engineers
Ernest Merritt. Ernest George Merritt (April 28, 1865 – June 5, 1948) was Dean of the Graduate School, Cornell University; Chair of the Physics Department.

Early life and career 

Merritt was born at Indianapolis, Indiana.  After a year at Purdue University he transferred to Cornell University where he took a degree in mechanical engineering. After graduation, he stayed at the university to complete a  master's degree in physics.  In 1889, he was offered a position at Cornell as an instructor, promoted to assistant professor in 1892.  In 1893, studied with Max Planck at Berlin University. He and Planck remained friends and correspondent through to the latter's death.  Cornell made him a full professor in 1903 and head of the Physics department in 1919, succeeding his mentor, Edward L. Nichols, as chair.  Merritt remained as head of the Cornell Physics Department until retirement in 1935.  Merritt and Nichols were co-founders of the journal Physical Review in 1893.  The Physical Review was printed and published from Cornell University until the administration of the journal was assumed by the American Physical Society.  In 1898, Merritt joined with Professor A. G. Webster, Clark University, and others to create the American Physical Society.  Merritt served as its first secretary, and eventually as its president (1914–1916).  Merritt also served as secretary of the Physical Sciences Section, American Association for the Advancement of Science.  He eventually chaired that section, as well.

Expertise 

As a physicist, Merritt is best remembered for the experiments conducted with Edward L. Nichols on the luminescent properties of materials. In their work together over the years Merritt and Nichols were seen almost as a single individual.  Merritt also worked in acoustics, electromagnetic oscillations, radio propagation, gaseous discharges, and cathode ray experiments. In the latter, he worked extensively with Harris J. Ryan.  With Ryan, he also mentored three generations of Cornell students as members of the Cornell Faculty and the Irving Literary Society. Professor Merritt was also a member of the New York Alpha chapter, Phi Kappa Psi, serving on its corporate board for a half century, and the Irving Literary Society.

Notes and references

External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
 Founding of the Physical Review Cornell University, Ithaca New York

1865 births
1948 deaths
American physicists
Cornell University alumni
Cornell University faculty
Presidents of the American Physical Society
Himanshu Parikh. Himanshu Parikh is a leading Indian engineer.

Early life
Himanshu Parikh was born in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He graduated from Cambridge University, where he obtained both his bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering sciences with honours. He practised in Cambridge for ten years before moving to India in 1982. In India, he has done innovative work in structural engineering as well as in urban planning, environmental upgradation, and infrastructure design, with an emphasis on low-income urban and rural areas. His focus is to use water and environmental sanitation infrastructure as a principal catalyst for poverty alleviation. In structures, Mr. Parikh has developed the concept of ‘mindful buildings’ based on simplicity, frugality, and multiplicity. Currently, he spends most of his time in India on developmental work, teaching intermittently.

Career
He established Himanshu Parikh Consulting Engineers in Ahmedabad, India, in 1982.

His practice focuses on urban planning, infrastructure design, and environmental upgrading. He developed a new concept for slum development called "Slum Networking."

On the structural engineering front, his work offers an alternative paradigm to "green buildings" in order to deliver affordable and low embodied energy structures within the holistic framework of light, ventilation, and thermal comfort.

Teaching career
Parikh was a professor at the School of Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, a visiting lecturer at the Human Settlements Management Institute in Delhi, and has taught occasionally at Martin's School of Architecture at Cambridge University. He has also presented his concepts, both in infrastructure and structures, at several international fora.

Awards
 Fazlur Khan International Travelling Fellowship for excellence in structural engineering in 1985
 The United Nations World Habitat Award for Urban Development in 1993
 Aga Khan Award for Architecture for his slum-networking project at Indore
 The Habitat II Best Practice recognition for Slum Networking in 1996

Further reading
 Slum Networking of Indore City	 by Cynthia C. Davidson - 1998
 Water and Sewage Networks in Indore, India by Abdelbaki Mohamed Ibrahim - 1998

References

Engineers from Uttar Pradesh
Living people
Businesspeople from Ahmedabad
1951 births
All-Steel Equipment Company. Allsteel was founded in 1912 as Allsteelequip Company and started out manufacturing custom metal objects, especially electrical equipment. The name was changed in 1929 to All-Steel-Equip Company. In the 1920s, the company began to branch out and started producing kitchen cabinets and refrigerated food lockers. Requests for metal file cabinets were becoming common, so the company bought out a supplier, the Aurora Metal Cabinet Company, in 1936 to enter this market.

History 
After World War II, All-Steel-Equip began manufacturing desks, starting in 1947. It introduced bookcases, telephone stands and credenzas soon afterward. Also in 1947, the company's Los Angeles showroom appeared in Miracle on 34th Street. To complete its line of office furniture, All-Steel-Equip bought the Shepherd Chair Company of Melrose Park, Illinois and redesigned their products. All-Steel's line of office furniture was wildly successful and by 1966 it was the third-largest producer of steel office furniture worldwide. Its products are known for durability, and many are still in use while others have been restored by antique furniture dealers.

The company was acquired in 1966 by C.I.T. Financial, a holding group, and was merged with B.K. Johl, a Canadian manufacturer of office furniture. All-Steel-Equip pioneered the lateral file in 1967, with production beginning in 1969, and it became a huge commercial success. The company restructured after the merger with B.K. Johl, and in 1973 renamed its furniture divisions All-Steel Inc. and All-Steel Canada Ltd., both of which reduced to Allsteel in 1986. Allsteel was bought and sold by a number of different holding companies and finally merged into HNI Corporation in 1998. Its archives are held by Past Present Future (a furniture restoration store) in Minneapolis.

References

Furniture companies of the United States
Metal companies based in Illinois
Manufacturing companies established in 1912
1912 establishments in Illinois
Total metal jacket. Total metal jacket (TMJ or full metal case) bullets are made by electroplating a thin jacket of ductile metal (usually copper) over a core of different metal requiring protection from abrasion or corrosion. Similar full metal jacket bullets mechanically swage a thin sheet of metal over the core. The swaging process leaves an opening exposing the core on the base or nose of the bullet, while electroplating deposits a jacket over the entire bullet surface. Protecting the base of a lead-core bullet from burning powder gas may prevent molten lead from being released as a fine spray in turbulent gas leaving the muzzle of a firearm. Electrolytic deposition can create very thin jackets, while jackets applied by swaging must be thick enough to avoid being torn during the swaging process. Uniformly electroplated jackets may produce more accurate bullets than jacket and core materials deformed during swaging. Thinner electroplated jackets may not be as strong as conventional swaged jackets of similar metal, and may not prevent leading at higher bullet velocities. Thinner jackets may be damaged by and foul barrel ports for gas-operated reloading or recoil compensation.

Sources

Handloading
Bullets
Sensitivity (control systems). In control engineering, the sensitivity (or more precisely, the sensitivity function) of a control system measures how variations in the plant parameters affects the closed-loop transfer function. Since the controller parameters are typically matched to the process characteristics and the process may change, it is important that the controller parameters are chosen in such a way that the closed loop system is not sensitive to variations in process dynamics. Moreover, the sensitivity function is also important to analyse how disturbances affects the system.

Sensitivity function 
Let  and  denote the plant and controller's transfer function in a basic closed loop control system written in the Laplace domain using unity negative feedback.

Sensitivity function as a measure of robustness to parameter variation 
The closed-loop transfer function is given by

Differentiating  with respect to  yields 

where  is defined as the function 

 

and is known as the sensitivity function. Lower values of  implies that relative errors in the plant parameters has less effects in the relative error of the closed-loop transfer function.

Sensitivity function as a measure of disturbance attenuation 
The sensitivity function also describes the transfer function from external disturbance to process output. In fact, assuming an additive disturbance n after the output  
of the plant, the transfer functions of the closed loop system are given by

Hence, lower values of  suggest further attenuation of the external disturbance. The sensitivity function tells us how the disturbances are influenced by feedback. Disturbances with frequencies such that  is less than one are reduced by an amount equal to the distance to the critical point  and disturbances with frequencies such that  is larger than one are amplified by the feedback.

Sensitivity peak and sensitivity circle

Sensitivity peak 
It is important that the largest value of the sensitivity function be limited for a control system. The nominal sensitivity peak  is defined as

and it is common to require that the maximum value of the sensitivity function, , be in a range of 1.3 to 2.

Sensitivity circle 
The quantity  is the inverse of the shortest distance from the Nyquist curve of the loop transfer function to the critical point . A sensitivity  guarantees that the distance from the critical point to the Nyquist curve is always greater than  and the Nyquist curve of the loop transfer function is always outside a circle around the critical point  with the radius , known as the sensitivity circle.  defines the maximum value of the sensitivity function and the inverse of  gives you the shortest distance from the open-loop transfer function  to the critical point .

References

See also
 Robust control
 PID controller
 Bode's sensitivity integral

Control theory
Sual Power Station. Sual Power Station is a 1,200-MW coal-fired power station located near Lingayen Gulf in Sual, Pangasinan, Philippines.

Ownership and administration
The coal-fired power station is owned by Team Energy, a company established as a joint venture between Marubeni Corporation and Tokyo Electric Power Corporation. San Miguel Energy Corporation is the independent power producer administrator (IPPA) of the facility since 2009.

Background
Development started when Consolidated Electric Power Asia Ltd, a subsidiary of Hopewell Holdings, bid and won a $900mn BOOT tender for a 1,000-MW power station at Sual. Site preparation began in 1995 and construction started in February 1996. It was made operational in 1999 and full power generation was commenced in 2007.

Due to the presence of the coal power plant, Sual port was established close to the power plant in 2012. Sual Port a large port for the cargo of coal, and among the largest and most important coal discharge ports of The Philippines. It can accommodate ships with a maximum draft of 13.3 metres and a maximum LOA (Length overall) of 225 metres. Its Flue-gas stack has a height of .

See also
List of power stations in the Philippines
List of largest power stations in the world

References

Coal-fired power stations in the Philippines
Buildings and structures in Pangasinan
Stub file. A stub file is a computer file that appears to the user to be on disk and immediately available for use, but is actually held either in part or entirely on a different storage medium. When a stub file is accessed, device driver software intercepts the access, retrieves the data from its actual location and writes it to the file, then allows the user's access to proceed. Typically, users are unaware that the file's data is stored on a different medium, though they may experience a slight delay when accessing such a file.

File stubbing, the act of creating stub files, is a Hierarchical storage management (HSM) concept.

Purpose 

The usual purpose of stubbing files is to move data from an expensive high-speed storage device such as a computer's hard drive to lower cost storage such as a magnetic tape, or an electro-optical disk, while not requiring users to know how to use specialised storage software to retrieve the data. It also allows a system manager to enforce the use of low cost storage when users would prefer to store their files on the highest availability, and highest cost, media supplied.

Availability 

Stubbing is a feature of many commercial file backup and archiving packages and is available for Microsoft Windows, Novell NetWare, Linux and other operating systems.

See also 

 BridgeHead Software
 Moonwalk (software)
 IBM Tivoli Storage Manager
 OpenStore for File Servers
 Reparse point

References

External links 

Computer data storage
Workflow APIs and interchange formats. WAPI is an abbreviation for workflow APIs and interchange formats, published by the Workflow Management Coalition, and incorporating specifications to enable interoperability between different components of workflow management systems and
applications.

WAPI includes:
 A range of API calls to support functions between a workflow engine and applications or other system components
 Interchange formats and protocols to support interoperability between different workflow engines
 Formats for the exchange of information such as process definitions and audit data between a workflow engine and other external repositories.

Synonyms 
 Workflow APIs
 Workflow management system APIs

References

Workflow technology
CoreExpress. CoreExpress modules are complete computer-on-module (COM) highly integrated, compact computers that can be used in an embedded computer board design, much like an integrated circuit component. COMs integrate CPU, memory, graphics, and BIOS, and common I/O interfaces. The interfaces are modern, using only digital buses such as PCI Express, Serial ATA, Ethernet, USB, and HD audio (Intel High Definition Audio). All signals are accessible on a high-density, high-speed, 220-pin connector. Although most implementations use Intel processors, the specification is open for different CPU modules.

CoreExpress modules are mounted on a custom carrier board, containing the peripherals required for the specific application. In this way, small but highly specialized computer systems can be built.

The CoreExpress form factor was originally developed by LiPPERT Embedded Computers and standardized by the Small Form Factor Special Interest Group (SFF-SIG) in March 2010. It was competing with other standards like COM Express or Qseven. Initially adopted by the German LiPPERT and the Swiss company DIGITAL-LOGIC (which has meanwhile been bought by Kontron), it was later backed up by more than eight vendors including Syslogic.

Size and mechanics
The specification defines a board size of 58 mm × 65 mm, slightly smaller than a credit card and small enough to allow a carrier board in standard PC/104-Plus format.

The module can be embedded into a heat spreader, which distributes the component-generated heat onto a larger surface area. In low power applications, this distribution may be enough for complete thermal dissipation.

In higher power applications, the heat spreader presents a thermal interface for mating to additional heat dissipating components such as finned heat sinks. Heat spreaders are simpler and more rugged to connect to than the heat generating components underneath. This simplifies mechanical design for the system builder, but can be less efficient than a complete purpose-built thermal solution.

In a complete system, heat spreaders can be part of the electromagnetic interference containment design.

Specification
The specification is hosted by the SFF-SIG and is available on their website.
Revision 2.1 was released on 23 February 2010.

See also
 Embedded System Module
 Computer-on-module
 Computer form factor
 Embedded system

References

External links
 CoreExpress website
 LiPPERT Embedded Computers' CoreExpress-ECO module

Motherboard form factors
Computer hardware standards
Daizy. Daizy is an artificial intelligence firm that conducts long-term research in the field of generative AI for investment transparency.

History
Daizy was founded as Vesti.AI by Jonty Hurwitz in 2018. The company focuses on conversational AI and continues research in the field of generative AI with portfolio, crypto, and ETF analytics capabilities.

In 2020, Daizy was joined by its current CEO, Deborah Yang. 

Yang and Hurwitz gathered their team of experts in the fields of risk analysis, sustainability, and artificial intelligence. The company’s AI research aims to release capabilities on an ongoing basis that help investors and financial advisors with actionable intelligence in fields such as sustainability (ESG) and risk.

Awards
Winner of the Best AI-Enabled Sustainable Investment Platform 2021.
Nominated for the Benzinga Global Fintech Awards [in the Best Financial Literacy Tool category].

References

Financial services companies established in 2018
Solar Valley (China). China's Solar Valley  ()  located in Dezhou, Shandong province, China, is pilot project of the so-called future city template that feature the full application of solar and clean energy technologies.

Green city template 
The Solar Valley has been described as "a massive exercise in social, economic and ecological engineering" using solar power in China. It is planned to cost $740 million USD, which includes $10 million to install solar lighting along  roadways. The concept pursues the goal of low carbon mitigation through the application of solar-based low-carbon and microemission technologies in transportation, building capacities, and entertainment areas. Solar Valley occupies more than 330 hectares of land, which is intended to host a 60,000 square-meter solar floor area that can produce enough energy to power not just the valley but also the entire mid-size city like Dezhou.

The project, which began in 2004, is led by Himin Solar Energy Group, the world's largest solar water heater manufacturer. It is being undertaken in line with China's renewable energy policy in partnership with the Dezhou local government.

Etymology
Solar Valley is named after Silicon Valley.

See also
Renewable energy commercialization
Solar energy in China
Renewable energy in China (Wind, Solar, and Geothermal)
Economic and Technological Development Zones
Suzhou Industrial Park
Dalian Software Park
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park

References

Industrial parks in China
Energy in China
Environmental technology
Buildings and structures in Shandong
Denailer. A denailer is a tool for removing nails from lumber to facilitate its reuse. Two types of denailer are available:

 A stationary denailer is a machine designed for single-purpose use, e.g. pallet refurbishing. 
 A portable denailer is a hand-held pneumatically-powered tool. It works by driving out the nail from the point end in pieces of nailed lumber which have been pried apart. The process of denailing (removing large numbers of nails from salvaged lumber) is greatly expedited by using this specialized tool.

See also
 Cat's paw (nail puller), an unpowered tool for removing nails

References

Forestry tools
Recycling
Sparse voxel octree. A sparse voxel octree (SVO) is a 3D computer graphics rendering technique using a raycasting or sometimes a ray tracing approach into an octree data representation.

The technique generally relies on generating and processing the hull of points (sparse voxels) which are visible, or may be visible, given the resolution and size of the screen. There are two main advantages to the technique. The first is that only pixels that will be displayed are computed, with the screen resolution limiting the level of detail required; this limits computational cost during rendering. The second is that interior voxels (those fully enclosed by other voxels) need not be included in the 3D data set; this limits the amount of 3D voxel data (and thus storage space) required for realistic, high-resolution digital models and/or environments.

The basic advantage of octrees is that, as a hierarchical data structure, they need not be explored to their full depth. This means that a system can extract a small subset of voxels as they are needed. In addition, octrees permit smoothing of the underlying data, to help with antialiasing.

It is, however, a generally less well developed technique than standard polygon-based rasterisation schemes.

References

3D computer graphics