omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nambulite. Nambulite is a lithium bearing manganese silicate mineral with the chemical formula . It is named after the mineralogist, Matsuo Nambu (born 1917) of Tohoko University, Japan, who is known for his research in manganese minerals. The mineral was first discovered in the Funakozawa Mine of northeastern Japan, a metasedimentary manganese ore.

Nambulite is formed from the reaction between a hydrothermal solution and rhodonite, and commonly creates veins in the host rock.  Other than a collector's gem, however, it has little economic value.

It belongs to the triclinic-pinacoidal crystal system (or triclinic-normal), meaning that it has three axes of unequal length (a, b, c), all intersecting at oblique angles with each other (none of the angles are equal to 90°). It belongs to the crystal class , meaning that any point on the crystal that is rotated 360° and then completely inverted will meet with an equal (but opposite) point on the crystal (see centrosymmetry). Its space group is P .

The three axes (a, b, c) have different indices of refraction, na = 1.707, nb = 1.710, nc = 1.730. The index of refraction (RI) can be defined as n = c/c, where "n" is the index of refraction and "c" is the speed of light.  The maximum birefringence is .023, the difference between the highest (nc = 1.730) and lowest (na = 1.707) indices of refraction within the mineral.

In a medium with an index of refraction equaling 1.53, Nambulite has a calculated relief of , giving it a moderate to high relief. Relief is a measure of the difference between the index of refraction of the mineral and that of the medium (often Canada balsam or other epoxy with an RI of around ).

Nambulite is an anisotropic crystal, where the velocity of light that passes through the crystal varies depending on the crystallographic direction. In contrast, an isotropic crystal includes all isometric crystals, and the velocity of light is equal in all directions.  The mineral exhibits slight pleochroism. Pleochroism is an optical property observed when the mineral is viewed under the microscope in plane polarized light, and when it the stage of the microscope is rotated the observed colors change. The color change is due to different wavelengths being absorbed in different directions, and the color of the mineral depends on the crystallographic orientation.

References

Lithium minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Inosilicates
Sodium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Sewardite. Sewardite is a rare arsenate mineral with formula of CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2. Sewardite was discovered in 1982 and named for the mineralogist, Terry M. Seward (born 1940), a professor of geochemistry in Zürich, Switzerland.

Properties 
Sewardite is orthorhombic, which means that it contains three axes of unequal length, a, b, and c, which are all at 90° to one another.  Its class structure is mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) – dipyramidal. Sewardite can form platy-to-compact anhedral-to-subhedral masses up to 0.3 mm in size.

In terms of its optical properties, sewardite is weakly anisotropic, which means the velocity of light varies depending on the direction through the mineral. Its color in plane-polarized light is dark red, and it does not exhibit pleochroism, which means it does not appear to be a different color when observed at different angles under a polarizing petrographic microscope. Sewardite illustrates weak birefringence because it is weakly anisotropic.

Occurrence
Sewardite has only been found at three locations, in the Tsumeb mine in Tsumeb, Namibia, Mina Ojuela, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico, and La Mur, Las Animas mine, Sonora, Mexico.   At the site in Durango, Mexico, it occurs as a dark, reddish spherules and rosettes of very thin, flaky crystals.

This newly discovered mineral (confirmed as a species in 1998) has been determined as rare, since only 1–2 mg of it were found in the Tsumeb mine.

References

Arsenate minerals
Calcium minerals
Iron(III) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 66
Cutoff grade. Cutoff grade is the minimum grade required in order for a mineral or metal to be economically mined (or processed). Material found to be above this grade is considered to be ore, while material below this grade is considered to be waste.

The cutoff grade can be determined through a variety of methods, each of varying complexity. Cutoff grades are selected to achieve a certain objective, such as resource utilization or economic benefit. Dividing these objectives even further gives way to specific goals such as the maximization of total profits, immediate profits, and present value. It is important to recognize that the cutoff grade is not simply calculated to a definitive answer. It is in fact a strategic variable that has major implications on mine design. The cutoff grade is adapted as the economic environment changes with regard to metal prices and mining costs, and is therefore constantly changing. Metal value is not the only factor affecting the profitability of an ore block. The presence of unwanted material in an ore block may increase the processing cost. This is also considered when classifying waste rock and ore.

References

Mining engineering
Mineral economics
Switzerite. Switzerite is a mineral with the chemical formula of (Mn)3(PO4)2·7H2O. The mineral was named after George Switzer, former Curator of Minerals at the US National Museum. The mineral is monoclinic prismatic, meaning that it has one mirror plane, one 2-fold rotation axis which is perpendicular to the mirror plane and a center of symmetry. Switzerite is a part of the monoclinic space group P 21/a. For its optical properties, Switzerite is classified as anisotropic, has a low surface relief and birefringence of δ = 0.020.

Switzerite was first discovered in the 1960s and is a relatively uncommon mineral found in a few localities in Europe, North America, and Australia. This mineral is found in phosphate mines, along with other phosphate minerals. Alone, Switzerite does not have a huge significance due to its rarity and extremely small size. This mineral is found with other phosphate minerals thus, the importance of Switzerite is that it is used, along with the other phosphate minerals, for agricultural purposes.  It is unstable and immediately dehydrates into metaswitzerite on exposure to the atmosphere.

References

Iron(II) minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Marthozite. Marthozite is an orthorhombic mineral that has a general formula of Cu(UO2)3(SeO3)3(OH)2·7H2O.  It was named after Belgian mineralogist Aimé Marthoz (1894–1962), former Director-general of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK).

It is usually found in cavities in selenian (selenium-containing) digenite. It is specifically found in the zones of oxidation of the Musonoi deposit in Katanga, Africa. 

Marthozite is orthorhombic, meaning that it has three axes of unequal lengths all orthogonal to each other. Since it is orthorhombic, marthozite is biaxial, meaning that it has three different indices of refraction. Marthozite is anisotropic, which means that it breaks light into one fast ray and one slow ray. Marthozite shows pleochroism from yellowish brown to greenish yellow.

References 

Copper(II) minerals
Selenite minerals
Uranium(VI) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 33
Minerals described in 1969
Eveite. Eveite is a manganese arsenate mineral in the olivenite group. Its chemical formula is Mn2AsO4OH. It is found only in Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden and at the Sterling Mine in New Jersey, United States. It is a dimorph of sarkinite and is isostructural with adamite. The name, for the biblical "Eve", comes from its structural similarities to adamite and is also a reference to its apple-green color. It can also be pale yellow. Eveite is an orthorhombic mineral, which means it has three crystallographic axes of unequal lengths which are at 90° to one another. 

Eveite is anisotropic, which means that its physical and optical properties differ with respect to direction. It has high relief, which is the apparent topography exhibited by minerals in thin section as a consequence of refractive index. It is biaxial, so it has two optic axes and three indices of refraction n depending on the crystallographic direction. The refractive index is the ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to that in the mineral. The difference between the highest and lowest indices of refraction is called the birefringence, so the birefringence of eveite is β = 0.032.

Eveite is significant because it was the first mineral to show Mn2+ atoms in five-fold coordination, which is otherwise undocumented in mineral structures. It is therefore an important addition to the olivenite group. Because it shows up in very small quantities and in only two locations, it has no commercial use. It is relatively low-density and is associated with high-hydrate and low-density arsenates in open cavities, which contributes to its rarity.

References

 Pabst, A. (1970) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 55, 319-320.
 Moore, P. and Smyth, J. (1968) Crystal Chemistry of the Basic Manganese Arsenates: III. The Crystal Structure of Eveite. American Mineralogist, 53, 1841-1845.
 Moore, P. (1968) Eveite, Mn22+AsO4OH, a new mineral from Långban. Arkiv För Mineralogi Och Geologi, 4.26, 473-476. 

Arsenate minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 58
Google Data Liberation Front. The Google Data Liberation Front is an engineering team at Google whose "goal is to make it easier for users to move their data in and out of Google products." The team, which consults with other engineering teams within Google on how to "liberate" Google products, currently supports 57 products. The purpose of the Data Liberation Front is to ensure that data can be migrated from Google once an individual or company stops using their services or the service is discontinued by Google.

Google Takeout

On June 28, 2011, Google's Data Liberation Front engineering team released their first product, after 4 years in development, called Google Takeout, which allows a Google user to export data from supported services.

Data Transfer Project 

On July 20, 2018, Google's Data Liberation Front engineering team announced the Data Transfer Project in partnership with Facebook, Microsoft, and Twitter (now X), an ecosystem which features data portability between multiple online platforms without the need of downloading and re-uploading data.

See also
Data portability
Data migration
Vendor lock-in
GDPR

References

External links
 Homepage
 Official Data Liberation Blog

Data Liberation Front
Roselite. Roselite is a rare arsenate mineral with chemical formula: . It was first described in 1825 for an occurrence in the Rappold mines of Schneeberg, Saxony, Germany and named by Armand Lévy after German mineralogist Gustav Rose. It occurs in cobalt-bearing hydrothermal environments and was associated with veins of quartz and chalcedony in the type locality. It has also been reported from Italy, Morocco, Chile, British Columbia and several locations in Germany.

The pleochroism of roselite depends on chemical composition with darker-rose-colored varieties higher in cobalt content and lighter-rose-colored varieties higher in calcium and magnesium content (Palache et al., 1960). This gives rise to two different pleochroism schemes, one for dark rose and one for light rose. Dark rose varieties have X: dark rose, Y: pale rose, Z: paler rose. Light rose varieties have X: pale rose, Y: paler rose, Z: palest rose.

References

Bibliography
Palache, P.; Berman H.; Frondel, C. (1960). "Dana's System of Mineralogy, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. (Seventh Edition)" John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 723–725.

Cobalt minerals
Arsenate minerals
Magnesium minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1825
Curite. Curite is a rare mineral with the chemical composition Pb3[(UO2)4O4(OH)3]2·2 H2O. It is therefore a hydrated lead uranyl oxide, which forms red needles or orange, massive aggregates.

Etymology and history 
Curite was first found at Shinkolobwe mine (formerly known as "Kasolo mine“) in Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Alfred Schoep (1881–1966) described the mineral for the first time in 1921 and named it after physicist and Nobel laureate Pierre Curie (1859–1906).

Classification 
The mineral is classified according to Strunz as part of the uranyl hydroxides, forming its own group with additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb etc.) and primarily UO2(O,OH)5 pentagonal polyhedra with system number 4.GB.55.

Dana classifies the mineral to the oxides and hydroxide, as part of the uranium- and thorium-containing oxides with oxidation state 6+ containing Pb, Bi, hydroxyl groups or water.

Crystal structure 

Curite crystallises orthorhombically in space group Pnam with the lattice parameters a = 12,56 Å; b = 13,02 Å und c = 8,40 Å and two formula units per unit cell.

The crystal structure consists of layers of corner- and edge-sharing uranyl polyhedra, in which the uranyl cation shows both pentagonal-bipyramidal and square-bipyramidal coordination. The lead cations connect these layers by coordinating to the oxygen atoms of uranyl group.

Radioactivity 
The mineral is radioactive because of its uranium content of about 63%. Considering the composition with respect to the ideal sum formula, a specific activity of about 113,4 kBq/g can be given. The absolute value of any given mineralogical sample may vary drastically depending on the general composition of the mineral with its matrix, the amount of material and its age.

Occurrence 

Curite is a secondary uranium mineral, which forms by alteration of geologically old uraninite. Additionally, lead atoms form due to radioactive decay. Curite is found in the oxidation zone along with dewindtite, fourmarierite, kasolite, rutherfordine, schoepite, soddyite, sklodowskite, torbernite und vandendriesscheite.

Curit has been found, apart from its type locality Shinkolobwe mine, at a further 50 localities, e.g. in Egypt; Northern Territory, Australia; Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony, Deutschland; Auvergne, Bretagne, Alsace und Limousin, France; Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy; Northwest Territories, Canada; Fianarantsoa, Madagascar; Aust-Agder and Telemark, Norway; Karelia, Russia; Namaqualand, South Africa; Bohemia and Moravia, Czechia; Baranya and Heves, Hungary as well as in Colorado, New Hampshire und New Mexico, USA.

Precautions 
Because of its radioactivity samples of this mineral should be kept in air-tight containers. Inhaling the dust or incorporation should be avoided.

Literature

References

External links 

 Mineralienatlas:Curit (Wiki)
 Fotos von Curit auf den Webseiten der Association des Géologues Amateurs de Belgique (AGAB)

Lead minerals
Oxide minerals
Uranium(VI) minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62
Keyite. Keyite is a mineral with the chemical formula . The name comes from Charles Locke Key (born 1935), an American mineral dealer who furnished its first specimens.
Keyite is monoclinic-prismatic, meaning its crystal form has three unequal axes, two of which have 90° angles between them and one with an angle less than 90°.
Keyite belongs to the biaxial optical class, meaning it has more than one axis of anisotropy (optic axis), in which light travels with zero birefringence, and three indices of refraction, nα = 1.800, nβ, and nγ  = 1.870. Being a very rare cadmium copper arsenate, keyite is only found in Tsumeb, Namibia in the Tsumeb mine, a world-famous copper mine known for its abundance of rare and unusual minerals.

References

Arsenate minerals
Cadmium minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Zinc minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
Minerals described in 1977
Xilingolite. Xilingolite is a lead sulfide mineral with formula Pb3Bi2S6. It has a hardness of 3, a metallic luster, and usually exhibits a lead-grey color. It is a dimorph of lillianite, exhibiting increased Pb-Bi order and decreased symmetry.

Its crystal system is monoclinic, with three axes of unequal length two of which are at an oblique angle to each other while the third axis is perpendicular to the plane formed by the other two. Xilingolite is opaque, meaning that its internal structure does not allow for light to be transmitted through it. The mineral also exhibits white to blue-tinted-white pleochroism under reflected light.

Discovery and occurrence

Xilingolite was first described in 1982 for an occurrence in an iron-rich skarn deposit in the Chaobuleng district of the Xilingoa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Its name is derived from the locality in which it was originally found. Xilingolite is also known to occur in various localities in Valais, Switzerland. At the type locality it occurs associated with magnetite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, digenite, bornite, molybdenite, galena, native bismuth and bismuthinite.

References

Bismuth minerals
Lead minerals
Sulfosalt minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Karlite. Karlite (kar'-lite) is a silky white to light green orthorhombic borate mineral, not to be confused with tremolite-actinolite. It has a general formula of Mg7(BO3)3(OH)4Cl. Karlite is named in honor of Franz Karl (1918–1972), professor of mineralogy and petrography at Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany, for his studies of the geology of the eastern Alps.

Karlite possesses moderate optical relief, the degree to which the mineral grains stand out from the mounting medium. This mineral is orthorhombic and sphenoidal, exhibiting symmetry on 222. Karlite is also enantiomorphic and dihedral. It is a member of the P212121 space group. This mineral forms optically negative biaxial birefringent crystals, meaning that the 2V angle between the optic axes is bisected by the refractive index direction. Because this mineral possesses birefringence, we know it is anisotropic and will display double refraction; it breaks light into two different rays traveling at different speeds in the mineral.

Karlite is a relatively newly discovered borate mineral occurring in clinohumite-chlorite marble in calcsilicate-carbonate lenses embedded in amphibolite. The amphibole at the original locale is situated between tectonic units "Zentralgneis" and "Schieferhulle". Scholars assume that the high boron concentration needed for the formation of karlite is due to a contact metasomatism created by Hercynian tonalitic magmas, which make up the "Zentralgneis", although the boron content of karlite is not of commercial importance.  This mineral was originally discovered in the Furtschaglkar near the Furtschaglhaus in Austria, but has also been found in Russia and France, and was probably formed during the alpine metamorphism of the Alps.

References

Borate minerals
Magnesium minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 19
Borate chlorides
Kröhnkite. Kröhnkite ( Na2Cu(SO4)2•2H2O ) is a rare copper sulfate mineral named after B. Kröhnke who first researched it. Kröhnkite may be replaced by Saranchinaite, the anhydrous form of the mineral, if heated to temperatures above 200 °C (392 °F).

Crystallography
Kröhnkite has monoclinic symmetry (2/m).  Monoclinic symmetry implies that the mineral contains three axes of differing length (typically labeled a, b, and c), two of which intersect each other at 90° and one that intersects at an acute angle.  Specifically, it belongs to the 2/m symmetry class meaning, the mineral has a 2-fold rotation axis about the b axis. It also has a unique motif of sulfate tetrahedra chains and copper octahedra aligned along the c axis and linked together by sodium atoms.  Kröhnkite exhibits the optical property birefringence; the difference in the two refractive indices of a mineral. Because this mineral is birefringent, it must be anisotropic. Anisotropic minerals cause the velocity of light to vary depending on the direction of travel through the mineral. Kröhnkite is biaxial negative, which reveals that the mineral has two optic axes.

Importance
Kröhnkite has the same general formula ( (X2M(TO4)2(H2O)2) ) as minerals which are found in environments affected by hydrothermal alteration, making it important in identifying where such alterations have occurred. Furthermore, the minerals sharing this composition are organized according to three crystal structure types, one being the unique kröhnkite structure which is often used to describe minerals exhibiting the same chain-like structure.

Discovery and occurrence
Kröhnkite was first researched after an occurrence in the Chuquicamata Mine, Chile, and has been reported from a number of locations in the Atacama region. Associated minerals in the discovery location include atacamite, blodite, chalcanthite, antlerite and natrochalcite. It occurs in the oxidized zone of copper deposits in arid environments.

References

Sulfate minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Loveringite. Loveringite is a rare metallic oxide mineral of the crichtonite group with the chemical formula .  It is a late-stage magmatic mineral, formed in the residual melt of mafic layered intrusions in either the olivine-chromite, pyroxene, or plagioclase-rich layers.

Discovery and occurrence
Loveringite was discovered in 1978 in the Jimberlana Intrusion, Dundas Shire, Western Australia, and was named for Australian geochemist and University of Melbourne professor John Francis Lovering, in recognition of his work on fission-track methods in geochemistry.

Loveringite has also been generally found in areas of medium-grade metamorphism, reported from the Hoggar Mountains of Algeria; the
Hohe Tauern Mountains, Salzburg, Austria; the Koitelainen intrusion of Lappland, Finland; Bourg d’Oisans, Isere, France; Bracco, Liguria, Italy; the Kerguelen Islands; the Khibiny Massif in the Kola Peninsula of Russia; and at Makwiro on the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe.

Crystallography
Loveringite is trigonal (crystal system), rhombohedral (crystal class), meaning it contains three equal axes each related by 120° and one axis perpendicular to these. It has a three-fold rotation axis as well as a center of symmetry and belongs to the space group R3.  Loveringite is found to be grayish white to gray in plane polarized light and does not display pleochroism.  Additionally, when viewed in plane polarized light, Loveringite is found to have high relief and has sharp grain boundaries, shows fractures and cleavages well, and sticks out above other minerals in the thin section.  Reflectance data indicates that loveringite is anisotropic, showing properties of different values when measured in different directions.

References

Oxide minerals
Calcium minerals
Lanthanide minerals
Titanium minerals
Chromium minerals
Iron minerals
Magnesium minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148