omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
In'oya. In'oya is a French dermo-cosmetics company established in 2011 which centers its research around the specific characteristics of black and brown skin. Based on genetic engineering and its scientific research work around melanogenesis, In'oya Laboratory has discovered the processes that cause the appearance of dark spots on skin of color and has patented a treatment to reduce these spots.

History
In'oya Laboratory was founded in 2011 by Abd Haq Bengeloune, a young biomedical engineer of Senegalese origin working alongside a team of researchers from the CNRS of Saint-Jérôme in Marseille and the INSERM at the School of Pharmacy in La Timone. The goal was to create a dark spot reduction treatment which takes into account the specific genes of skin of color.

In 2013, Crédit Agricole Alpes-Provence Création enters into a fundraising campaign with In’oya Laboratory.

In 2014, In'oya Laboratory develops a technological innovation capable of blocking the TYRP1 gene and the Tyrosinase enzyme to act on hyper-pigmented spots. Applications for a European patent  and an international patent  are filed in partnership with Aix-Marseille University and the CNRS .

In 2015, In'oya Laboratory wraps up a €430,000 fundraising campaign with PACA Investissement, CAAP Création and CPG with the goal of continuing its R&D efforts and launching a new line of skincare products in France and Africa.

In 2015, In'oya Laboratory launches the sales of its products to French pharmacies.

Awards and recognition
In 2011, In'oya Laboratory receives the "Best Project of the Year" prize during the 13th annual "Le Phare de l’Entrepreneuriat" competition hosted by ACCEDE Provence.

In 2011, Abd Haq Bengeloune is named "Top African Entrepreneur in France" by the Africangels business angels network, whose aim is to support and enhance the value of multicultural entrepreneurs contributing to the development of the French economy.

In 2012, In'oya Laboratory is recognized at the 17th annual "Trophées de L’Economie" hosted by La Provence to highlight the value of innovative companies in the region.

In 2012, In’oya Laboratory wins the "Innovate, Buzz, Win" competition sponsored by Carrefour, which awarded the company an opportunity to sell its products in more than 200 Carrefour shops in France.

Ecological commitments
In'oya Laboratory is committed to a sustainable development approach through the sourcing of its supplies from the Great Green Wall, a wall of trees that connects Dakar to Djibouti along the southern edge of the Sahara, which is cultivated and maintained by local populations.

References

External links
In'oya Official Website

Skin care brands
Cosmetics companies of France
French brands
Personal care brands
Companies based in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
French companies established in 2011
Cicely Popplewell. Cicely Mary Williams (; 29 October 192020 June 1995) was a British software engineer who worked with Alan Turing on the Manchester Mark 1 computer.

Early life and education 
Popplewell was born on 29October 1920 in Bramhall, Stockport, England. Her parents were Bessie (née Fazakerley) and Alfred Popplewell, a chartered accountant. She attended Sherbrook Private Girls School at Greaves Hall in Lancashire.

She studied the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge where she worked with statistics in the form of punched cards. She was considered an expert in the Brunsviga desk calculator.

She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1942, which was converted to a Master of Arts degree in 1949 from Girton College, Cambridge.

Career 
In 1943 she was a Technical Assistant in the Experimental Department at Rolls-Royce Ltd. and joined the Women's Engineering Society.

In 1949 Popplewell joined Alan Turing in the Computer Machine Learning department at the University of Manchester to help with the programming of a prototype computer. At first she shared an office with Turing and Audrey Bates, a University of Manchester mathematics graduate. Her first role was to create a library for the prototype Manchester Mark 1. This included input/output routines and mathematical functions, and a reciprocal square root routine. She worked on ray tracing. She wrote the first versions of sections of the subroutines for functions like COSINE. Together they designed the programming language for the Ferranti Mark 1.

She wrote the Programmers Handbook for the Ferranti Mark 1 in 1951, reworking Turing's programming manual to make it comprehensible. Whilst Turing worked on Scheme A, an early operating system, Popplewell proposed Scheme B, which allowed for decimal numbers, in 1952.

Popplewell went on to become an advisor and administrator in the newly formed University of Manchester Computing Service where she was remembered as a 'universally liked' mother-figure. She left the Service in the late 1960s shortly before her marriage.

Popplewell taught the first ever programming class in Argentina at the University of Buenos Aires in 1961. Her class there included the computer scientist Cecilia Berdichevsky. She was supported by the British Council.

Popplewell published the textbook Information Processing in 1962.

Her life was documented in Jonathan Swinton's 2019 book Alan Turing’s Manchester.

Personal life
In 1969 Popplewell married George Keith Williams in Chapel-en-le-Frith. She died on 20June 1995 at Stockport Infirmary, Stockport. The funeral service was held on 27June 1995 at St John's church, Buxton, followed by a private cremation.

References 

1920 births
1995 deaths
Academics of the University of Manchester
Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
British computer scientists
British mathematicians
British women computer scientists
People from Bramhall
Women's Engineering Society
Academic staff of the University of Buenos Aires
Theodore Pian. Theodore Hsueh-Huang Pian (; 19 January 1919 – 20 June 2009) was a Chinese-born American engineer.

A Shanghai native, born on 18 January 1919, Pian grew up in Tianjin, where he attended Nankai Middle School, and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1940. He began working in aerospace engineering in Kunming, Yunnan, terminals of the Burma Road. Pian left China for the United States in 1943, earning a master's degree in aeronautics and astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology the next year, after which he worked for Curtiss Airplane Division and served in the United States Marine Corps. In 1945, he married Rulan Chao. Theodore Pian joined the MIT faculty, shortly after graduating from the institution with a doctorate in aeronautics and astronautics in 1948. He retired in 1990, but remained an adviser to many Chinese students. Over the course of his career, Pian was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering and Academia Sinica. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts on 20 June 2009, aged 90.

References

1919 births
2009 deaths
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Chinese aerospace engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
Engineers from Tianjin
Engineers from Shanghai
20th-century American engineers
American aerospace engineers
Members of Academia Sinica
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Tsinghua University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Engineers from Massachusetts
Chieh-Su Hsu. Chieh-Su Hsu (; 27 May 1922 – 22 July 2014) was a Chinese-born American engineer.

Early life and education
Hsu was born in Beijing on 27 May 1922, as one of six siblings, including four brothers. The family moved to Suzhou, where they remained until the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1937, Hsu and his older brother moved to Chongqing, and Hsu enrolled at the Chongqing Institute of Technology. 

He left China for Stanford University in the United States after becoming one of sixty students to win a nationwide contest for a scholarship. Hsu completed a master's degree in 1948, and a doctorate advised by James N. Goodier in 1950.

Career
Upon graduating in 1945, Hsu served one year in the National Revolutionary Army, then worked at Shanghai Naval Dockyard and Engineering Works from 1946 to 1947. From 1951 to 1958, Hsu was an engineer at IBM. 

Hsu began teaching at the University of Toledo in 1955, leaving for the University of California, Berkeley in 1958. In 1964, he was named full professor at Berkeley, and awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was elected a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1977. Subsequently, Hsu was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 1988, "[f]or the development of innovative techniques, especially cell-to-cell mapping, and for the analysis of the dynamics of nonlinear systems." A year before his retirement in 1991, Hsu was elected a member of Academia Sinica.

Personal life
Hsu was married to Helen Tse from 1953 until his death. He suffered a heart attack on 6 June 2014, and died of its complications in Cupertino, California, on 22 July 2014, aged 92.

References

1922 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
IBM people
Chongqing University alumni
Stanford University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
University of Toledo faculty
Members of Academia Sinica
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Engineers from Beijing
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Educators from Beijing
Bangladesh Chemical Society. Bangladesh Chemical Society is a learned society of chemistry and chemical Engineers. it is the National adhering organizations in Bangladesh.

History
Bangladesh Chemical Society was founded in 1972 following the Independence of Bangladesh in 1972 by faculty members of the University of Dhaka such as Mokarram Hussain Khundker. Founding members also included professors from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, and Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The purpose of the society is to generate interest in the study of chemistry and promote collaborations among chemical Engineers in Bangladesh. The society holds conferences and seminars on chemical Engineering . It publishes an academic journal and gives awards to notable papers published by Bangladeshi chemist and chemical Engineers.

References

Research institutes in Bangladesh
1972 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Dhaka
Learned societies of Bangladesh
Tupolev Tu-404. The Tupolev Tu-404 was a wide-body superjumbo blended wing jet airliner proposed by Russian aerospace company Tupolev.

Development

Work on the Tu-404 was initiated in 1991 in parallel with another widebody design, the Tupolev Tu-304. The Tu-404 was designed to transport more than 1,200 passengers to destinations 12,000 - 13,000 km away. The Tupolev Design Bureau investigated several possible configurations for the Tu-404, including a flying wing and a conventional design. The flying wing's powerplant would consist of six pusher turboprop engines developing 18,000 kg of thrust each during take-off and each consuming only 0.644 kg/kgf-h of fuel in cruise mode. The engines would have been located in the tail section of the flying wing fuselage between two large V-shaped vertical stabilizers. The central fuselage contains six passenger compartments accommodating 1214 passengers. The leading edge of the central fuselage has a sweep of 45 degrees. Two large removable wings containing fuel tanks have the leading-edge sweep of 35 degrees and are attached to the central fuselage. The wings hold most of the aircraft's fuel. 

The conventional design featured a two-level passenger aircraft capable of transporting 1,200 people to destinations of up to 10,000 km. The lower level of the fuselage was designed as a multi-section cargo compartment for transporting cargo in standard aviation containers. Two sub-variants of this design were investigated, a mixed passenger-cargo aircraft with the enlarge cargo section and a dedicated cargo model. The massive low-level wing with a leading-edge sweep of 35 degrees and vertical wingtips has massive control surfaces: multi-section leading-edge control surfaces, low-speed control areas, multi-section flaps. Each half of the altitude control surface is made of two sections. 

Proposed powerplants included four Kuznetsov NK-44 or Rolls-Royce "Trent" engines installed on underwing pylons. The aircraft's undercarriage consisted of several carts with multiple wheels in each cart. It is retracted into the central fuselage section of the aircraft.

The project did not proceed beyond the stage of marketing models.

Specifications (flying wing)

See also
 Airbus A380
 Antonov An-225
 Boeing 747-8
 Boeing New Large Airplane
 C-5 Galaxy
 McDonnell Douglas MD-12
 Sukhoi KR-860

References

Tu-404
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Low-wing aircraft
Blended wing body
Braidy Industries. Braidy Industries is an Ashland, Kentucky-based company, planning to become an aluminum alloys manufacturer providing aluminum for the automotive and the food and beverage industries. In October 2020 Braidy Industries announced that it was changing its name to Unity Aluminum.

Subsidiaries
Braidy Industries, Inc. owned Braidy Atlas, a start-up that designed and engineered the first aluminum rolling mill in the United States in nearly 40 years.  It also held Veloxint, an MIT incubated technology company, and NanoAL, a Northwestern University incubated technology company.

The assets of Braidy Industries were sold to Steel Dynamics in 2022, which announced the mill will be built in Mississippi.

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/steel-dynamics-announces-planned-state-of-the-art-aluminum-flat-rolled-mill-site-selection-301666912.html

History
Braidy Industries was founded by Craig T. Bouchard who wanted to create eco-friendly aluminum alloys, and named after one of his daughters. The industry demand was bending towards stronger and lighter materials and the company was founded to accommodate the market gap created by this generational shift.

Braidy Industries started off with an initial project of a fully integrated aluminum rolling mill in the Greenup County, Kentucky, comprising a 2.5 million square-foot area. The site, relocated to neighboring Boyd County, Kentucky is located in Eastern Kentucky and the facility costs were estimated to be around $1.6 billion.

The site for the mill is located near the Ohio River and the CSX railroad, as well as I-64, which connects the site to various automotive plants within 300 miles around the region. This advantage allows the site to utilize the just-in-time approach.

The company is working with the Ashland Alliance and the Kentucky Economic Development Finance Authority (KEDFA) as a part of the Kentucky Business Investment program based on which they received up to $10 million in tax incentives.

Joint venture with RUSAL 
In April 2019 Braidy announced a joint project with RUSAL, a Russian aluminum company partially owned by the oligarch Oleg Deripaska.  The project is to develop the mill site in Ashland, Kentucky "to produce flat-rolled aluminum products for the U.S. automotive industry," according to a company press release.

Founder 
Bouchard litigated to remove the directors in January 2020. A third-party firm was hired by the directors involved in the Delaware litigation to conduct a review. Bouchard litigated the claims in the Delaware Chancery Court, and the claims were then dropped.  Foster stepped in as acting president and CEO. The company announced it
had amicably settled the lawsuit and repurchased Bouchard's shares for $6 million.

2020 pandemic
During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the company received between $1 million and $2 million in federally backed small business loans from Community Trust Bank as part of the Paycheck Protection Program. They stated it would help them retain 65 employees.

References

External links
Official website

Manufacturing companies of the United States
Companies based in Kentucky
Ashland, Kentucky
5-Nonanone. 5-Nonanone, or dibutyl ketone, is the organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2CO.  This colorless liquid is a symmetrical ketone.

Synthesis
5-Nonanone, which is potentially of interest as a diesel fuel, can be produced from levulinic acid, which can be produced from fructose.  Levulinic acid is converted to valeric acid, which undergoes ketonization.

Toxicology

Metabolic pathway
5-Nonanone was expected to be metabolized to a γ-diketone (a diketone with the second oxygen three carbons away from the first, e.g. 2,5- or 3,6-diketones).

Metabolic studies confirmed the in vivo ω-oxidation of 5-nonanone to 2,5-nonanedione and 2-hexanone. Subsequent oxidative and decarboxylative steps also produce 2,5-hexanedione. Besides these metabolites, 38% of the 5-nonanone dose is converted to carbon dioxide. No unchanged 5-nonanone is detected in the urine after administration.

Of these metabolites, 2,5-hexanedione is believed to be the most neurotoxic compound. Of all the aforementioned metabolites, the toxicity is believed to be due to the metabolic transformation to this γ-diketone.

Toxicological effects
In rats, the neurotoxicity of 5-nonanone is enhanced by methyl ethyl ketone. This suggests induction of microsomal oxidizing enzymes, which results in greater production of toxic metabolites. Chronic exposure to the compound has been shown to produce a clinical neuropathy, characterized by giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments. It also resulted in an orange/brown discoloration of the hair of the rats.

Another study was done on rats to explore the enhancement of the toxicity of 5-nonanone by 5-methyl-2-octanone. The combination of these two compounds increases the neurotoxic effect of 5-nonanone approximately sixfold. When only exposed to 5-methyl-2-octanone liver swelling was observed, indicating that metabolic activation of hepatic oxidative enzymes may be the cause of the increase in toxicity in co-administration.

See also
Higher alkanes
Ketones

References

Nonanones
George Trapp (educator). Dr George Trapp FRSE FRGS FLS FEIS LLB (1906–1996) was a 20th century Scottish academic scientist and educator.

He was Convenor of the Science Committee for the Educational Institute of Scotland.

Life

He was born in Falkirk on 30 December 1906 the son of Peter Trapp, chief engineer at Camelon Iron Works, and his wife, Jane. He was educated at Falkirk High School. In 1924 he went to the Foundry Technical Institute in Falkirk for practical experience as a metallurgical chemist.

In 1925 he went to Glasgow University to study Sciences, specialising in Chemistry and Botany. He graduated MA (1929) BSc (1930). After a period of practical experience, in 1932 he entered Moray House College of Education in Edinburgh and gained his Diploma in Education in 1933. He then returned to Glasgow University as a postgraduate, receiving his doctorate (PhD) in summer of 1934. He then found immediate employment as Assistant Science Master at his alma mater, Falkirk High School, teaching Botany, Geography and Chemistry.

In 1937 he moved to George Watson's College in Edinburgh as Biology Master.

In 1941 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers  were Sir William Wright Smith, Alfred Cameron, Ernest Shearer, and Edward Wyllie Fenton. In 1943 he was made a Fellow of the Linnean Society.

In August 1943 he was appointed Assistant Director of Education for Aberdeenshire.

From 1948 to 1960 he was Rector of Gordon Schools in Huntly, Aberdeenshire. He moved back to Edinburgh with his family in 1960 and took a course on Scots Law.

He died in Edinburgh on 15 May 1996 aged 89.

Family

He married Alice in 1948. They had one son and two daughters.

Publications

Discipline (1959)
Private Prosecution in Scotland (1975)
The Application of Absolute Privilege (1980)

References

1906 births
1996 deaths
People from Falkirk
People educated at Falkirk High School
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scottish educators
Scottish scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Typhoon of Steel (video game). Typhoon of Steel is a computer wargame designed by Gary Grigsby and published in 1988 by Strategic Simulations for the Apple II, Commodore 64, Amiga, and IBM PC. A follow-up to Grigsby's 1987 game Panzer Strike, it simulates military conflict during World War II.

In 1989, Typhoon of Steel was followed by Overrun!, which features an updated version of its engine and mechanics. It simulated hypothetical conflicts in Europe and the Middle East during the Cold War.

Gameplay
Typhoon of Steel is a computer wargame that simulates military conflict during World War II, covering combat scenarios in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater and European Theatre. Alongside its pre-made scenarios, it features an editor that allows players to create hypothetical battles. Typhoon of Steel contains a "Banzai" rule to impact games that become imbalanced.

Development
Typhoon of Steel was designed by Gary Grigsby and published by Strategic Simulations Inc. (SSI). A sequel to Grigsby's game Panzer Strike, it reuses that project's game engine and mechanics, updated to focus on different sections of World War II. This design reuse followed a common trend for SSI titles at the time: the game systems of successful titles were often reused in subsequent products. Like its predecessor, Typhoon of Steel debuted in 1988.

Reception

M. Evan Brooks reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "for the dedicated gamer, Typhoon of Steel offers an engaging, albeit time-consuming, study of small unit actions during World War II in the South Pacific."

In Computer Play, Russ Ceccola offered Typhoon of Steel a positive review and recommended it to "the serious war gamer". Computer Gaming World nominated Typhoon of Steel for its "Wargame of the Year" award, which ultimately went to Battles of Napoleon.

Reviewing the Amiga version, George Campbell of Strategy Plus dubbed Typhoon of Steel "an excellent game". Zzap!s reviewer considered the game flawed, but noted that it contained "a lot of worthwhile detail" and "plenty of ambition".

Legacy
Typhoon of Steel was followed by Overrun!, which reused the game's mechanics and engine, updated to focus on modern warfare scenarios.

In 1996, Computer Gaming World declared Typhoon of Steel the 143rd-best computer game ever released.

References

External links

1988 video games
Amiga games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
Computer wargames
DOS games
Strategic Simulations games
Video games developed in the United States
World War II video games
David C. Paul. David C. Paul (born 1966/1967) is an American billionaire businessman and the founder and executive chairman of Globus Medical, a medical device manufacturer.

As of February 2024, his net worth was estimated at US$1.4 billion.

Education
David Paul is an engineer by training, receiving a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Madras.  He moved to the United States from India to earn his M.S. in Computer Integrated Mechanical Engineering Systems from Temple University.

Personal life
Paul is married, and lives in Audubon, Pennsylvania, US.

References

1960s births
Living people
American billionaires
Temple University alumni
American company founders