omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brittney Exline. Brittney Exline is the youngest African-American female to be accepted into an Ivy League school, at 15. She went on to become the United States' youngest African-American engineer.

Life
Exline was born on Valentine's Day in Colorado Springs, Colorado to Chyrese and Christopher Exline. Brittney taught herself to read at age 2, and skipped three grades as a youth. She graduated from her high school's International Baccalaureate program. Exline also studied anthropology at Harvard University while in school. She went on to receive a full scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania in 2007 at 15, making her the youngest African-American to be accepted into an Ivy League school. While in college, she majored in engineering. In 2011, at the age of 19, she graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in computer science. After graduation, Exline became a software engineer for Chitika, an online advertising network.

Interests 
Exline volunteered with various community-based organizations in Philadelphia. She worked with the Community School Student Partnerhsips in Philadelphia while still at university. She also trained 30 tutors from Penn and worked as a kindergarten summer school teacher for Freedom Schools in Philadelphia, showing her interest in education.

She speaks many languages: English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Russian, Arabic and German.

References

American software engineers
African-American women engineers
21st-century American women engineers
African-American engineers
Living people
1992 births
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
University of Pennsylvania alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century American engineers
Engineers from Colorado
Australasian Tunnelling Society. In 1973 the Institution of Engineers Australia (now Engineers Australia) and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) collaborated in the formation of the Australian Tunnelling Association.  It is a professional organization of engineers and other skilled professionals committed to the maintenance of high standards and the expansion of technical and scientific knowledge pertaining to tunnel construction.

In 1981 the Australian Tunnelling Association became the Australian Underground Construction and Tunnelling Association (AUCTA), operating as a technical society sponsored by Engineers Australia and AusIMM under status approved by the Councils of both organisations. In 2005 a New Zealand Chapter of the Technical Society was formed, and to better reflect its international membership, AUCTA changed its name to the Australasian Tunnelling Society (ATS).

References

Engineering societies based in Australia
Tunnelling organizations
Tunnels in Australia
1973 establishments in Australia
2005 establishments in New Zealand
People Grinnin'. "People Grinnin'" is a song by the Australian duo Nervo, which features the vocals of the Child of Lov, who died in 2013. The song was released as a single on 14 July 2016 and reached number one on the US Billboard Dance Club Songs Chart during the week ending 3 December 2016.

The track and its music video (which is part of their "Made by Me" campaign to help address the gender disparity and skills shortage in the field of engineering) is dedicated to women pursuing a career in the world of technology, and was inspired by their experiences in this field. In an interview with Your EDM, the sisters explain how they came up with the song: "When we studied engineering, we were the only girls in the class. So when we were approached to get behind this project it just made sense. We loved the chance to show the world that there is engineering in every aspect of our lives. We're sound engineers but our whole show is only made possible through expert engineering. From the makeup we wear to the lights and the stage we perform on; engineering makes it all possible, including the music we make."

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 

2016 singles
2016 songs
Nervo (DJs) songs
Atlantic Records singles
Big Beat Records (American record label) singles
Electronic songs
House music songs
Song recordings produced by Nervo (DJs)
Songs with feminist themes
Songs written by Miriam Nervo
Songs written by Olivia Nervo
Warner Records singles
Gillingham EMUD. Gillingham EMUD is a train maintenance depot located in Gillingham, Kent, England. The depot is situated on the Chatham Main Line just east of Gillingham station.

The depot code is GI. 

Class 466/0s are maintained at Gillingham with 1 Class 376/0 sent to the depot every weekend for maintenance. Both Metro and Mainline trains also receive light maintenance, making the depot quite versatile.

Allocation 
As of 2020, the depot's allocation consists of Southeastern Class 465/0/1/2/9 and 466/0 Networkers, Class 375/3/6/7/8/9, Class 376/0 and Class 377/1/5 Electrostars, also Thameslink Class 700s. The depot primarily maintains Class 466/0 Networkers and Class 376/0 Metro Electrostars.

References 

 Railway depots in England
Rail transport in Kent
Ivchenko AI-9. The Ivchenko AI-9 is an aircraft auxiliary power unit developed and produced by Ivchenko-Progress and Motor Sich.

Variants 
AI-9 The base model which is used to supply compressed air to air-start systems. It can also be used as cabin heating if necessary.
AI-9V A variant of the base model that is used to supply compressed air to air-start systems and air conditioning. It also supplies electricity to on-board electrical systems with a 3 kW generator.
AI9-3BThe AI9-3B is used to provide air to engines and air conditioning systems and provide electricity to on-board electrical systems.

Specifications (AI-9)

References

Ivchenko-Progress aircraft engines
Aircraft auxiliary power units
Access level. In computer science and computer programming, access level denotes the set of permissions or restrictions provided to a data type. Reducing access level is an effective method for limiting failure modes, reducing debugging time, and simplifying overall system complexity. It restricts variable modification to only the methods defined within the interface to the class. Thus, it is incorporated into many fundamental software design patterns. In general, a given object cannot be created, read, updated or deleted by any function without having a sufficient access level.

The two most common access levels are public and private, which denote, respectively; permission across the entire program scope, or permission only within the corresponding class. A third, protected, extends permissions to all subclasses of the corresponding class. Access levels modifiers are commonly used in Java  as well as C#, which further provides the internal level. In C++, the only difference between a struct and a class is the default access level, which is private for classes and public for structs.

To illustrate the benefit: consider a public variable which can be accessed from any part of a program. If an error occurs, the culprit could be within any portion of the program, including various sub-dependencies. In a large code base, this leads to thousands of potential sources. Alternatively, consider a private variable. Due to access restrictions, all modifications to its value must occur via functions defined within the class. Therefore, the error is structurally contained within the class. There is often only a single source file for each class, which means debugging only requires evaluation of a single file. With sufficient modularity and minimal access level, large code bases can avoid many challenges associated with complexity.

Example: Bank Balance Class 
Retrieved from Java Coffee Break Q&A 
 public class bank_balance
 {
 	public String owner;
 	private int balance; 
 
 	public bank_balance( String name, int dollars )
 	{
 		owner = name;
 
 		if (dollars >= 0)
 			balance = dollars;
 		else
 			dollars =0;
 	}
 
 	public int getBalance()
 	{
 		return balance;
 	}
 
 	public void setBalance(int dollars)
 	{
 		if (dollars >= 0)
 			balance = dollars;
 		else
 			dollars = 0;		
 	}
 }
Here, the imperative variable balance is defined as a private int. This ensures other classes, methods and functions cannot accidentally overwrite the variable balance. Instead, they must access the interface for the class bank_balance, whose methods ensure the balance cannot drop below 0.

References

Cybersecurity engineering
Kenworth 10-ton 6x6 heavy wrecking truck. The Kenworth 10-ton 6x6 heavy wrecking truck (G116) (officially Heavy Wrecking Truck M1) was the standard heavy wrecker of the US Army during World War II. It was replaced in the 1950s by 5-ton wreckers.

History
In 1939-1941 the Army Ordnance Corps was developing a complete line of tactical trucks that could operate over all roads and cross-country terrain in all weather. Corbitt, a small company which had sold the US Army trucks since 1917, was working on designs for heavy-duty conventional 6x6s trucks. In 1940 their designs for a 6-ton truck and a 10-ton wrecker chassis were standardized, with Corbitt to build 6-ton cargo trucks, while the 10-ton wreckers were contracted to Kenworth Motor Truck Corp. and Ward LaFrance Truck Corp. Ward LaFrance began production in 1941 and would build 4,925 vehicles. Kenworth began in 1942, but because of interruptions in manufacturing only built 840. At first the manufacturers' chassis were similar and used the same components. After the 1943 upgrade to -A1 standard, the two chassis were mechanically identical and parts were interchangeable. After the war, the rating of the 10-ton wrecker was lowered to 6-ton.

Engine and driveline

A Continental 22-R engine was used by all trucks. This  overhead valve inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developed  at 2400 rpm and  of torque.

The 5-speed manual Fuller transmission had a very low 1st gear, was direct in 4th and had an overdrive 5th. A separate 2-speed transfer case also engaged or disengaged the front axle.

Chassis
The M1 had a ladder frame with three live beam axles, the front on leaf springs, the rear tandem on leaf springs with locating arms. All models had a  wheelbase. The M1 weighed , the -A1 . Brakes were full air, the tires were 11.00x20 with dual rear tires.

In addition to the wrecking body, all trucks had a  front winch and a rear pintle hitch. Not intended to carry a load, the M1 could support  while towing up to . The -A1 upgrade also had a rear winch, heavier bumpers, and a large front tow-bar, allowing the truck to recover and move light armored vehicles.

Bodies

Early models used the manufacturer's commercial cab, fenders, and specific hoods, making the two models look different. The -A1 models had open military cabs, flat fenders, and similar hoods, making all look the same.

All bodies used by both manufacturers were built by Garwood. A single boom could be raised and lowered by cable, rotate 180°, and carried a cable from a  winch. Outriggers and braces on both the body and the boom itself allowed  to be lifted throughout the rear 180° of the truck. In early models, all actions except for the winches were manual; later models had powered booms. The -A1 upgrade had a different boom and the front sides of the body were cut away from the mast and spare tires.

Gallery

Notes

References

External links
M1/M1A1 at Olive-Drab.com
Ward LaFrance Corp. at usautoindustryworldwartwo.com

Military trucks of the United States
World War II vehicles of the United States
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
Aluminium sulfacetate. Aluminium sulfacetate is a mixture of aluminium salts dissolved in water with formula .

Uses

It is an evenly balanced mixture of aluminium sulfate and aluminium acetate. It can be used as a mordant, which is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics that typically contains a polyvalent metal ion like aluminium or iron, In mixtures with basic aluminium diacetate or aluminium sulfacetate, aluminium triacetate has been used as a mordant with alizarin dye. In 1899, Albert Ganswindt recommended that the use of impure sulfacetates that are empyreumatic liquids "should be abandoned" in favour of pure preparations. Empyreuma is an obsolete chemical and medical term referring to "the smell and taste associated with burning vegetable and animal matter", and likely results in this case from the use of pyroligneous acid (wood acid) or wood acid lime in the preparation of the mordant.

Preparation 
A common approach to preparing aluminium sulfacetate is by reaction of aluminium sulfate with lead(II) acetate. The relative amount of each reagent controls the composition of the resulting mixture. When the stoichiometric ratio of lead acetate to aluminium sulfate exceeds 3:1, the process is theoretically driven to completion and aluminium triacetate is the sole product. With less lead acetate, a mixture of aluminium triacetate and aluminium sulfacetate results that becomes increasingly rich in the latter as the reagent mole ratio approaches 2:1. This approach is used to form various mixtures for mordant applications:

   +   3    →   2    +   3 

Basic aluminium sulfacetates can also be prepared, , with hydroxide anions replacing some acetate ions. The extreme cases are aluminium sulfacetate itself (n = 0) and the double salt of aluminium sulfate and aluminium hydroxide (n = 4 case, ). Aluminium sulfacetate is made from the hydrates of aluminium sulfate and lead acetate:

   +   2    →      +   2    +   24 

The n = 1 and n = 2 cases, both of which are basic aluminium sulfacetates, are prepared using sodium bicarbonate along with the regents:

2    +   3    +   2    →      +   3    +      +   2    +   45 

   +      +   2    →      +      +      +   2    +   21 

The n = 3 case, also a basic aluminium sulfacetate, is prepared using acetic acid instead of lead acetate, along with sodium bicarbonate:

   +      +   4    →      +   2    +      +   19

References 

Acetates
Aluminium compounds
Sulfates
Cable locator. A cable locator or cable avoidance tool (CAT) is an instrument used for detecting the presence and approximate location of buried services in advance of undertaking excavation works. It aims to avoid accidents while excavating. A number of types of detecting technology can be employed by such instruments, including use of magnetic fields, radio frequencies, signal generation, metal detectors, ground-penetrating radar and RFID.

Description 
Underground cables are one of the things that enable telecommunication and power transmission. They are especially beneficial to densely populated areas, particularly those locations where overhead cable posts are unavailable or are not ideal. 

Locating underground cables—as well as other underground facilities—is an integral pre-excavation process mandated by laws and guided by a number of industry standards. During excavations, underground cables become at risk of getting damaged. In fact, utility strikes are a common occurrence on construction sites, resulting in compromised worker and public safety, repair costs, and work delay, among others.

Based on the 2018 Damage Information Reporting Tool (DIRT) Report of the Common Ground Alliance (CGA), some of the most common root causes of utility strikes include failure to call 811 before digging, improper excavation practices, and inaccurate marking of underground facilities.

Furthermore, the CGA also noted that locator errors are one of the common causes of strike incidents. This emphasizes the need for understanding how cable locators work as well as how different cable types can be most accurately detected.

Detection Methods 
Different cable locators employ different methods to function. The two known methods, Passive Utility Detection locating naturally present or naturally produced signals known as a passive signal. The other is to locate a signal that is applied AKA an Active signal , are called the Passive Utility Detection and  Active Utility Detection. 

It’s important to note, however, that while both methods can help locators distinguish an underground utility, they do not confirm its presence nor its absolute location. Furthermore, an unmarked ground is not a guarantee that there are no utilities underground.

References 

Civil engineering
Self-cleaning floor. A self-cleaning floor is a surface that has the ability to clean itself without external action. This is usually accomplished through automated pods set to dispense water regularly, but can also be accomplished through the use of materials that naturally reduce pathogens. Such floors are designed to stay hygienic with little maintenance, and are most often installed in places that require constant maintenance and cleaning, such as hospitals and washrooms. In Europe and a few African countries, many ceramic tiles and sanitary ware manufacturers have products on the market with self-cleaning features.

Industrial applications

Hospitals
The Grabo Silver Knight resilient floor covering is the first photocatalytic self-disinfecting surface. Its self-disinfecting property is accomplished through the use of Nano-Silver and Nano-TiO2 particles. This product is targeted towards the health sector, aiding in preventing the spread of infection in hospitals.

Dairy
The Cozy Floor is a self-supported, self-cleaning hot water heated floor system, designed to eliminate the use of bedding under calves.

Food processing facilities
The SunWash self-cleaning floor coatings provide a washable finish and are developed to withstand high traffic and humid conditions in food processing facilities.

Food service
Mechline Developments’ Sani-Floor consists of a suction pump and automatic waste lifting. The system is intended for use in any food production area to take care of spills hygienically and safely.

Public restrooms
Many public toilets, such as the Sanisette, have utilized self-cleaning floor mechanisms.

Conceptual designs
The Smart-Floor is a concept designed by Svetozar Belogrozdev of Swansea Metropolitan University. It is a self-cleaning floor design that is intended to prevent dust and dirt from settling. Regulated vacuums cycle through the floor constantly while intelligent pressure sensors detect if there is anything in the room and automatically regulate the vacuum going through the tiles. The Smart-Floor is one of the six UK designs that won the top 100 designs in Electrolux Design Lab 2013.

Another approach to self-cleaning floors involves the use of central vacuum systems beneath micro-perforated raised floor tiles. These systems create a small negative pressure to automatically collect all dust and dirt.

See also
 Self-cleaning glass
 Self-cleaning oven
 Robotic vacuum cleaner
 Central vacuum cleaner

References

Floors
Cleaning
Building materials
Structural system
9-Methylene-fluorene. 9-Methylene-fluorene or dibenzofulvene (DBF) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula .  It is best known as one product from deprotection of the Fmoc group.  It can be prepared by treatment of 9-hydroxymethylfluorene with strong base.

Properties
It is an analog of a 1,1-diphenylethylene. Polymerization of 9-methylene-fluorene produces a π-stacked polymer.

See also 
 Fluorene
 Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride
 Fluorenylidene

References

Fluorenes
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Vinylidene compounds
Jonathan I. Strietzel. Jonathan I. Strietzel is an American entrepreneur, businessman, and inventor. He is known for founding various companies as well as engineering and patenting several systems and methods in telecommunications, advertising, and video gaming.

History
Jonathan Streitzel completed a bachelor's degree in Business Administration at Chapman University. In 1999 he invented systems for ring-tone advertising. He later invented one of the first storage business models. In 2001 he patented a Cloud computing system that constituted a cloud-based freemium online distribution model for music and films.
 
In 2005 he founded Clone Interactive alongside Jon Kraft and Jon Snoddy. The company later became New media firm Big Stage Entertainment and was named by Forbes as one of "America's 20 Most Promising Companies." In 2011 he founded Strietzel.Co, a software development company.

Patent lawsuit
 
In 2011 a company called Callertone Innovations LLC filed 18 lawsuits against AT&T, Verizon, Sprint Nextel, MetroPCS, T-Mobile and others for breaching two patents on ring-tone advertising. The patents, titled "Method and apparatus for selectively providing messages in telecommunications systems", included patent Nos. 7,852,995 and 7,860,225. Jonathan Strietzel was registered as inventor of the patents in question.

Patents

See also
 Jon Snoddy

References 

21st-century American businesspeople
Living people
1980 births
Langston motor. A Langston or hybrid type of an asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator windings. The motor consists of two stators or two rotors. When the hybrid motor consists of two stators the rotor is placed in the center and similarly when the motor has two rotors then the stator is placed in the center. The windings are similar to that of an induction machine combined with a synchronous machine. A hybrid motor can, therefore, be made without electrical connections to the rotors as are found in  universal and DC motors.  The motors are fairly new and there is still a lot of research ongoing to investigate if this could be used to drive machines without using V/f control.

The motor is named after the hometown of its creator, Langston in Alabama. The creator of the Langston motor prefers to stay anonymous, but it is known that he is in some way associated to the Yuri Roll company.

See also
 Circle diagram
 Premium efficiency
 Variable refrigerant flow

References

AC motors
Vinyltriethoxysilane. Vinyltriethoxysilane is an organosilicon compound with the formula (C2H5O)3SiCH=CH2.  It is a colorless liquid.  The compound is bifunctional, featuring both a vinyl group and hydrolytically sensitive ethoxysilyl groups.  As such it is a crosslinking agent.

Applications
Vinyltriethoxysilane and the related vinyltrimethoxysilane are used as monomers and comonomer for polymers such as ethylene-vinyltrimethoxysilane and ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyltrimethoxysilane. Vinyltrialkoxysilanes are also used as cross-linking agents during the manufacture of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). The alkoxysilane moiety is reactive toward water, and in the presence of moisture, it forms silicon-oxygen-silicon bonds that cross-link the material to cure it. Moisture-curable polymers are used as electrical insulation in some kinds of cables and for water pipe in under-floor heating installations.

Vinyltrialkoxysilanes are also used as a coupling agents or adhesion promoters for treatment of glass fibers and particulate minerals in order to form stronger bonds with resin and produce fiberglass with better mechanical properties. Amino-functional silanes such as (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and epoxy-functional silanes are used for the same purpose. The silane group attaches to the glass substrate via covalent Si-O-Si bond, while the resin reacts with the vinyl-, amino-, or epoxy- group and binds to it.

References

Silyl ethers
Monomers
Vinyl compounds
Ethoxides