omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Description Language. Behavioral Description Language (BDL) is a programming language based on ANSI C with extensions for hardware description, developed to describe hardware at levels ranging from the algorithm level to the functional level.

Although the term Behavioral Description Language is a generic term and can refer to multiple high-level description languages, NEC Corporation has developed a C-subset called BDL for High-Level Synthesis. This C-subset includes its own data types (called var-class), special constants for hardware design e.g. high impedance, timing descriptors and control statements.

As BDL is meant for Hardware synthesis, the complete ANSI-C syntax is not supported. The principal unsupported operations are: (i) Floating point data types (ii) Sizeof operator (iii) unions and (iv) Recursive functions.

BDL is sometimes also known as Cyber C because it is synthesized using NEC's High-Level Synthesis tool called CyberWorkBench .

References

 

Programming languages
Tiocem. TioCem is a specialized cement with photocatalytic features, used on the surface of buildings to reduce air pollution caused by exposure of the cement to ultraviolet light (UV).

Technology
Photocatalysis is initiated by titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is added during the cement's production. Typical properties (i.e. strength) of cement applications (such as concrete) will be added to clean the air around the photocatalytic surface. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) will be particularly abated when daylight activates the photocatalytic surfaces.

The chemical process may be summarized as follows:
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) absorbs energy (UV radiation) and excites electrons (e-)
TiO2 + hν -> TiO2 + h+ + e-
Oxygen existing in the air (O2) reacts with electrons (e-), generating super-oxide ions (O2-)
Super-oxide ions (O2-) react with hydrogen ions (H+), generating the reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH•)
H2O + h+ -> H+ + OH-
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with the pollutant remover (OH•) and generates nitrate (NO3-), which reacts with the cement surface and is dissolved by water.

Using materials like TioCem, the abatement of NO2 could be measured by a test method using the Italian standard UNI 11247, which is being discussed as the basis of a European standard. This method involves test apparatus in which a mixture of air and pollutant flows in a chamber over a test object; the pollutant burden is measured with (and without) exposure to light. A defined level of NO2 abatement is guaranteed by the label “TX Active” (plus an initial) and replication of the test results.
Proof of the effective reduction of oxide-of-nitrogen exposure has been furnished under close-to-practical conditions by the PICADA (Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for Depollution Assessment) Project (supported by the European Union and other studies.

Applications
Since the photocatalytic effect is needed only on the surface of a building which is exposed to UV, Tiocem is used primarily in the top layer of a two-layer surface.

The most effective fields for application are:
Pavement (stones and slabs)
Roofing tiles
Noise and screen barriers
Facades (wall cladding)
Rendering (dry mortar/exterior cement plaster)
Road construction (e.g. whitetopping)

The abatement of NO2 varies with changing climatic conditions. Field tests were carried out with pavements in Bergamo, Italy, on the inside walls of a tunnel in Rome and stucco in Stockholm. In all cases, the requirements of TX Active for NO2 abatement were met.

See also
 Cement

References

Cement
AlgaePARC. Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) has constructed AlgaePARC (Algae Production And Research Centre) at the Wageningen Campus. The goal of AlgaePARC is to fill the gap between fundamental research on algae and full-scale algae production facilities. This will be done by setting up flexible pilot scale facilities to perform applied research and obtain direct practical experience. It is a joined initiative of BioProcess Engineering and Food & Biobased Research of the Wageningen University.

AlgaePARC facility
AlgaePARC uses four different photobioreactors comprising 24 m2 ground surface: an open pond, two types of tubular reactors and a plastic film bioreactor, and a number of smaller systems for the testing of new technologies. This facility is unique, because it is the first facility in which the productivity of four different production systems can be compared during the year under identical conditions. At the same time, knowledge is gained for the development of new photobioreactors and the design of systems on a production scale.
For the construction of the facility 2.25 M€  has been made available by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (1.5 M€) and the Provincie Gelderland (0.75 M€).

Microalgae
Microalgae are currently seen by some persons as a promising source of biodiesel and chemical building blocks, which can be used in paint and plastics. Biomass from algae offers a sustainable alternative to products and fuels from the petrochemical industry. When fully developed this contributes to a biobased economy as algae help to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and make the economy less dependent on fossil fuels.

AlgaePARC research
The costs of biomass produced from algae for biofuels are still ten times too high to be able to compete with today’s other fuels. Within the business community, the question being asked is how it could be produced more cheaply, making it economically viable. Companies within the energy, food, oil and chemical sectors, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature & Food Quality, the Provincial Government of Gelderland, Oost NV and Wageningen UR are all working together in or contributing to the algae research centre AlgaePARC in order to answer that question.

See also

 Algae
 Microalgae
 Microbiofuels
 Photobioreactors
 Phytoplankton
 Planktonic algae
 Biofuel

External links
 AlgaePARC 
 Algae at the WUR

References 

Biotechnology
Biological engineering
Bioreactors
NetPoint. NetPoint is a graphically-oriented project planning and scheduling software application first released for commercial use in 2009. NetPoint's headquarters are located in Chicago, Illinois. The application uses a time-scaled activity network diagram to facilitate interactive project planning and collaboration. NetPoint provides planning, scheduling, resource management, and other project controls functions.

NetPoint is capable of calculating schedules using both the Critical Path Method (CPM) as well as the Graphical Path Method (GPM).

Schedules created in NetPoint can be exported for use in Primavera, Microsoft Project, and other CPM-based Project management software.

See also
Project planning
Project management
Project management software
Comparison of project management software
Schedule (project management)
Critical path method

References

External links
Gilbane: Interactive Scheduling
Mosaic: List of Scheduling Tools
CPM in Construction Management: List of CPM Software

Project management software
Critical Path Scheduling
Schedule (project management)
South African Class 9E, Series 2. The South African Railways Class 9E, Series 2 of 1982 is an electric locomotive.

In 1982 and 1983, the South African Railways expanded its existing Class 9E fleet by placing six new Class 9E, Series 2 General Electric Company  electric locomotives with a Co-Co wheel arrangement in service on the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line.

Manufacturer
The 50 kV AC Class 9E, Series 2 electric locomotive was designed for the South African Railways (SAR) by the General Electric Company (GEC) and was built by Union Carriage & Wagon (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal.

GEC works numbers were allocated to Class 9E locomotives. UCW delivered six locomotives in 1982 and 1983, numbered in the range from E9026 to E9031.

Characteristics
The locomotive has a single full width air conditioned cab. At the rear end, the body work is lower to provide clearance for the 50 kV AC electrical equipment which is mounted on the roof. This consists of a single pantograph, a potential divider, a vacuum circuit breaker, a surge diverter and the main transformer’s high voltage terminal. The electrical control system is solid state, using thyristors.

Since huge voltage drops are often encountered between electric sub-stations, the locomotive was designed to be able to operate on a supply varying between 55 and 25 kV AC. The battery boxes and the main air reservoirs are mounted between the bogies underneath the frame, where a compartment also houses a small motor scooter for use by the crew for lineside inspections of the train, which can be up to nearly  long.

Series 2 locomotives were delivered with five braking systems; air brakes for the locomotive, train air braking, train vacuum braking, a handbrake and dynamic rheostatic braking which can dissipate . The Series 1 locomotives were delivered without a vacuum brake system.

By 2007, the entire fleet of both series of Class 9E electric locomotives were upgraded with Alstom's Agate train control and communication technology. The pantographs on most of these locomotives were also replaced by the single arm type.

The Series 1 and Series 2 Class 9Es can be visually distinguished from each other by their bogies, which were redesigned for the Series 2 locomotives.

Service
Class 9E locomotives are used on the  Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line to haul export ore from the open cast iron mines at Sishen in the Northern Cape to the harbour at Saldanha in the Western Cape. Most of the route is across the hot and dry Northern Cape, but the last  to Saldanha runs parallel to the Atlantic coastline and is subjected to the fog and corrosive sea air of the West Coast.

Liveries
The whole series was delivered in the SAR red oxide livery with signal red cowcatchers, yellow whiskers and with the number plates on the sides mounted on three-stripe yellow wings. In the late 1990s they were all repainted in the Spoornet blue livery with either solid or outline numbers on the sides.

Illustration

References

Cape gauge railway locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
3070
GEC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1982
Union Carriage & Wagon locomotives
50 kV AC locomotives
Stout ST. The Stout ST was a twin-engine torpedo bomber built for the US Navy. It pioneered the American use of metal construction and the cantilever "thick wing" design concepts of German aeronautical engineer Hugo Junkers, themselves pioneered in the second half of 1915.

Development
The US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics had a requirement to review several types of torpedo-carrying aircraft. Prototypes of the Curtiss CT, Stout ST, Fokker FT and Blackburn Swift F were evaluated at the Anacostia Naval Yard.
William Bushnell Stout approached the Navy with his all-metal torpedo bomber design. He estimated the aircraft would cost $50,000 each to produce. The aircraft was built in Detroit, Michigan over a two-year period. Navy officials visited the facility frequently to inspect the new metal-forming and construction methods.

Design
The aircraft was a twin engine conventional geared mid-winged monoplane. Its primary feature was its corrugated metal construction, a new technique and different from the tube-and-fabric airplanes of the time. In addition, the internally supported cantilever wing developed for the Stout Batwing was employed. The aircraft was test flown successfully, however, the airplane showed signs of inadequate longitudinal stability.

Operational history
The first flight of the prototype, designated ST-1, was at Selfridge Field with Edward Stinson at the controls. The flight was witnessed by William A. Moffett, chief of Navy Aeronautics. Stinson suggested changes to the aircraft, but none were made. At an acceptance ceremony, a Marine pilot stalled the aircraft and crashed it. The pilot survived, but all orders for the aircraft were canceled by the Navy.

The loss of the aircraft and the Navy contract were financially devastating for Stout, prompting him to start his famous letter-writing campaign to eventually form Stout Engineering Company.

Variants
ST-1
Prototype, one built.

Specifications Stout ST-1

Notes

References

http://www.aerofiles.com/_stout.html

1920s United States bomber aircraft
ST
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Emmonsite. Emmonsite, also known as durdenite, is an iron tellurite mineral with the formula: Fe2(TeO3)3·2(H2O).  Emmonsite forms triclinic crystals.  It is of a yellowish-green color, with a vitreous luster, and a hardness of 5 on the Moh scale.

Emmonsite was first described in 1885 for an occurrence in the Tombstone District, Cochise County, Arizona. It was named for the American geologist, Samuel Franklin Emmons, (1841–1911), of the United States Geological Survey.

Emmonsite is found, often with quartz or cerussite in the Tombstone, Arizona area.    It is also associated with native tellurium, tellurite, native gold, pyrite, rodalquilarite, mackayite, sonoraite, cuzticite and eztlite.

References

Frost, Ray L. and Dickfos, Marilla J. and Keeffe, Eloise C. (2008) "Raman spectroscopic study of the tellurite minerals: emmonsite Fe23+Te34+O9.2H2O and zemannite Mg0.5[Zn2+Fe3+(TeO3)3]4.5H2O." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 39(12). pp. 1784–1788.  Found at Queensland University of Technology website; Accessed September 15, 2010.
W. F. Hillebrand, "Emmonsite (?) from a new locality," American Journal of Science, Series 4 Vol. 18, December 1904, P.433-434; . Found at AJS Online; Accessed September 15, 2010.

Iron(III) minerals
Tellurite minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Brush Electric Illuminating Company. Brush Electric Illuminating Company was a business of the late 19th century, based in Manhattan, New York. In April 1881, it made a bid to the New York City gas commissioners to provide lighting to the district encompassing Broadway and Fifth Avenue, from 14th to 34th Streets. It included the cross streets in between as well as Union Square and Madison Square.

The New York City Board of Aldermen granted Brush the lighting contract by voting over the veto of New York City Mayor William Russell Grace. The system of lighting required two electrical circuits. One of the circuits was for lighting the squares with two large lamps. The other was for lamps located at intervals along the streets of the city. Each square was to contain a light elevated 208 feet above the ground. It was to be mounted upon an ornamental pole or moonlight tower.

References

Street lighting
History of New York City
Defunct companies based in New York City
Hidkal. Hidkal is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.

Hidkal dam is built around the Dhupdal weir (a low dam built across a stream to raise its level or divert its flow), a 70 km-long-canal built by the British in 1897. The first phase of the irrigation project was intended to water around 45,000 hectares of land.

The Hidkal reservoir across the Ghataprabha river in Hidkal village and 40 km of the canal length were built in the second phase. After the third phase, the project aims to irrigate 3.3 lakh hectares of land with a total capacity of 51.16 tmcft of water. Now, after a drought of three seasons, its total storage has been reduced to 6 tmcft, including dead storage of around 2 tmcft.

Every year, 2 tcmft of drinking water is released from Hidkal to Bagalkot.

Hidkal also beautiful gardens, nurseries. The Hunnur inspection Bungalow  on bank of backwater and hunnur fort are attractions.

HDP High school is one of best school in Belgaum district.

References

Villages in Belagavi district
Bianca 27. Bianca 27  is a Danish built and designed sailboat, 27 feet long (eight meters). It was constructed in 1964-1965 by a naval architect Svend Aage Leth Christensen(b. 1933). His wooden boat design, Peti, was a preliminary study for the Bianca. Together with his brother, boatbuilder Holger Leth Christensen (b. 1934) he founded the Bianca Yacht in Rudkoebing in the former depot for the local railwayon the island Langeland.
Together with manager and boatbuilder Per Munch the brothers were among the pioneers in Danish boatbuilding  using the new material, polyester reinforced fiberglass. Bianca 27 was the first Danish designed fiberglass-sailboat manufactured in large series. Production  ran for more than ten years and the total number of completed boats is about 530. Bianca 27 is still a popular and stable yacht. Although the hull and superstructure is fiberglass, the boat has plenty of wood in it.

Bianca 27 has proven its seaworthiness by many races in the big oceans. The Swedish author Milo Dahlman wrote  My Dream  of the Sea on her own voyage singlehanded in a Bianca 27 across the Atlantic.
Bianca Yacht in Rudkøbing, Denmark run today in the old long since expanded depot by Holger Leth Christensen's son, boatbuilder Anders Leth Christensen yard with service and repair.
Bianca 27 sailors from more than ten countries met In the summer of 2009 in cooperation with Svendborg Classic Regatta Bianca a 27-day event  in Rudkøbing by 30 participating vessels from three countries.

References 

Sailing yachts
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Danish designers
Levogyre. Levogyre can refer to:
In chemistry and physics, a synonym of levorotation,
In astronomy, the Levogyre is the long since discredited structure of the Universe proposed by ancient Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus: A series of nested crystalline spheres which contains fixed stars and moving planets which rotate around an immovable Earth with each sphere connected a randomly distributed series by gimbal-like axes.
In art, The Levogyre is a 1974 painting by Paul Laffoley depicting a series of nested shells connected by gimbals.
CMA CGM Tower. The CMA CGM Tower is a  tall skyscraper in Euroméditerranée, the central business district of Marseille, France. Designed by Zaha Hadid, it is the headquarters for CMA CGM, one of the world's major freight companies, hosting 2,200 employees in the office previously spread over seven sites.

Zaha Hadid was selected to design the building in November 2004, and it became her first tower. It is intended to interact with other landmarks of the city including the Château d'If and the basilica of Notre-Dame de la Garde, which stands taller than the tower on a rocky outcrop. Built by Vinci subsidiary GTM Construction, the building has 20 lifts to service its 33 floors and was completed in September 2011.

References

External links

 CMA CMG Press Information
 CMA CGM Headquarters by Zaha Hadid photographed by Hufton+Crow
 The CMA CGM Tower: a lighthouse for new shipping routes

Skyscraper office buildings in France
Zaha Hadid buildings
Postmodern architecture
Modernist architecture in France
Office buildings completed in 2011
21st-century architecture in France
Buildings and structures in Marseille
Cymrite. Cymrite is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8·H2O.  The mineral is named for Cymru, which is the Welsh word for Wales.

Cymrite, with perfect cleavage and a monoclinic crystalline system, falls in the silicate group. Silicates are formed of Silicon and Oxygen bonding together to form tetrahedra. The symmetry of Cymrite is classified as having a mirror plane. It has a moderate relief, meaning the contrast between the mineral and the epoxy of a thin section makes cymrite easily visible. The birefringence of the mineral is 0.01. Cymrite, being monoclinic is anisotropic with two optic axes.

Occurrence
Cymrite was discovered in Wales but is found in other areas throughout the United States, Africa, Greece and other parts of Europe. It occurs in generally high temperature-pressure areas such as the hydrothermal manganese silicate ore that makes up the Benalt Mine in Wales and in manganese rock that has undergone high-pressure metamorphism found in Greece. It is important to geologists because of its limited occurrence, when cymrite is present on a rock it indicates that the rock, at some point, must have experienced high pressure and temperature.

References 

Phyllosilicates
Barium minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 6
Robert Buchan. Robert M. Buchan is a Scottish-Canadian mining engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He founded Kinross Gold in 1993. It is now the 3rd-largest gold mining company in North America.

Brought up in Rosyth, Fife, Buchan graduated with a 1st class honours degree in Mining from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh in 1969. He earned a master's degree of Science in Mining Engineering from Queen's University in 1972.

In 2009 he gave £6 million to his Canadian alma mater, Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario, to fund mining education and, in his honor, the university renamed the Mining Engineering department the Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining. In September 2010 it was announced that Buchan was donating £1.3 million to his Scottish alma mater, to fund their work sustainable energy engineering, the largest donation the university has ever received from an individual. He has also donated £650,000 to help establish the Whitlock Energy Collaboration Centre at Carnegie College in Fife.

Career
Buchan retired as president and chief executive of Kinross Gold Corporation 10 January 2005, going on to found Katanga Copper, the developer of one of the world's largest copper deposits. He retired from Katanga Copper in 2007. He remains executive chairman and director of Allied Nevada Gold Corp., a gold mining firm that operates the Hycroft mine and has a large number of prospective exploration claims in the state of Nevada.

Buchan is a director of the Buchan Family Foundation, a philanthropic body.

Mr Buchan was elected to the board of Polyus Gold International in June 2008 and was elected chairman of the board July 2011. He stepped down from the board in 2013.  "Polyus Gold International"  is a Russian mining and metallurgy conglomerate primarily concerned with the production of gold.

Buchan received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2011. In 2013 he became Chancellor of Heriot Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland.

References

People from Rosyth
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Scottish mining engineers
Scottish company founders
Scottish chairpersons of corporations
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
21st-century Scottish businesspeople
Scottish philanthropists
Alumni of Heriot-Watt University
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People associated with Heriot-Watt University
Reduced properties. In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables scaled by the fluid's state properties at its critical point.  These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states.

Reduced properties are also used to define the Peng–Robinson equation of state, a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point. They are also used to critical exponents, which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions.

Reduced pressure
The reduced pressure is defined as its actual pressure  divided by its critical pressure :

Reduced temperature
The reduced temperature of a fluid is its actual temperature, divided by its critical temperature:

where the actual temperature and critical temperature are expressed in absolute temperature scales (either Kelvin or Rankine).   Both the reduced temperature and the reduced pressure are often used in thermodynamical formulas like the Peng–Robinson equation of state.

Reduced specific volume
The reduced specific volume (or "pseudo-reduced specific volume") of a fluid is computed from the ideal gas law at the substance's critical pressure and temperature:

This property is useful when the specific volume and either temperature or pressure are known, in which case the missing third property can be computed directly.

See also
Departure function

References

Thermodynamic properties