omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chen Jisheng. Chen Jisheng (; 15 July 1932 – 19 October 2022) was a Chinese medical officer and pharmaceutical chemist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party and a major general (shaojiang) in the People's Liberation Army.

Biography
Chen was born in Tianjin, on 15 July 1932. In 1937, by age 5, his family fled the Second Sino-Japanese War and finally settled down in Chongqing, where he passed his basic education. In September 1942, Chen joined the underground party organization of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) when he was a chemistry major at Fudan University.

In 1950, the Korean War broke out, in response to the call of the Communist Party, Chen was the first to sign up and mobilized eight students to join the People's Liberation Army (PLA), becoming chemical prevention cadets. Due to chemical defense cadets need professional knowledge, they were sent to Tsinghua University, Peking University and other universities to continue their studies. After graduating from Tsinghua University in July 1952, he became a teacher at the Chemical Warfare School. He joined the Institute of Chemical Prevention Science and Technology in October 1954, and moved to the 13th Research Institute of National Defense Science and Technology Commission in March 1970. He was a deputy director of a research institute of the People's Liberation Army General Staff Department in July 1981 and subsequently party secretary and deputy director of the Chemical Prevention Research Institute of the PLA Academy of Military Sciences in January 1983. He attained the rank of major general (shaojiang) in 1990.

On 19 October 2022, he died of an illness in Beijing, at the age of 90.

Publications

Honours and awards
 1999 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1932 births
2022 deaths
Engineers from Tianjin
Fudan University alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Chinese chemists
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
People's Liberation Army generals from Tianjin
20th-century Chinese chemists
20th-century Chinese engineers
Li Jianrong. Li Jianrong (; born 1966) is a Chinese engineer, currently serving as deputy director of Shenyang Engine Design and Research Institute of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and chief engineer of AVIC Aerospace Research Institute.

Li is an alternate member of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography
Li was born in 1966. She worked at the AVIC Aerospace Research Institute before being appointed party secretary and vice president of the AVIC Gas Turbine Institute.

Honours and awards
 2010 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special) for the main development technologies of "Taihang" engine

References

1966 births
Living people
Chinese physicists
Chinese engineers
Alternate members of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
List of Emergency Fleet Corporation ship designs. This is a list of ship designs by the Emergency Fleet Corporation, since the corporation's inception in 1917.

Steel ships

Note: Some ships had turbines, other ships had triple expansion engines, not both. Some cargo ships were converted to reefers, not all ships of a cargo type design. Some ships burned coal, others oil, not both. Unless otherwise noted.

Design 1042

Design 1045

Design 1046

Design 1047

Design 1049

References

World War I merchant ships of the United States
Emergency Fleet Corporation ship designs
Elaine P. Scott. Elaine Patricia Scott (born 1957) is an American mechanical engineer and academic administrator, the dean of the Santa Clara University School of Engineering and John M. Sobrato Endowed Professor at Santa Clara University. Her research has concerned heat transfer and the design of experiments.

Education and career
Scott's father taught industrial arts (shop) at a high school; her mother was a social worker. She studied agricultural engineering at the University of California, Davis, earning a bachelor's degree in 1979 and a master's degree in 1981. She completed a Ph.D. in agricultural engineering at Michigan State University in 1987, before switching to mechanical engineering and earning a second Ph.D. at Michigan State in 1990.

She continued at Michigan State as an assistant professor, jointly appointed in mechanical and agricultural engineering, before moving in 1992 to Virginia Tech as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering. She was promoted to associate professor in 1995 and (after two years on leave as an associate professor at the University of Utah) to full professor in 2000.

Shifting to academic administration, in 2001 she became founding director of the Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences. In 2006 she moved to the University of Washington Bothell as founding dean of the School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. And in 2019 she moved again to Santa Clara University, as dean of engineering.

Recognition
Scott was named as an ASME Fellow in 2007.

References

1957 births
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
University of California, Davis alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Michigan State University faculty
Virginia Tech faculty
University of Utah faculty
Wake Forest University faculty
University of Washington Bothell faculty
Santa Clara University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Dicumyl peroxide. Dicumyl peroxide is an organic compound with the formula  (Me = CH3). Classified as a dialkyl peroxide, it is produced on a large scale industrially for use in polymer chemistry.  It serves as an initiator and crosslinking agent in the production of low density polyethylene.

Production
It is synthesized as a by-product in the autoxidation of cumene, which mainly affords cumene hydroperoxide.  Alternatively, it can be produced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to α-methylstyrene.  

Of the ca. 60,000 ton/y production of dialkyl peroxides, dicumyl peroxide is dominant.

Properties
Dicumyl peroxide is relatively stable compound owing to the steric protection provided by the several substituents adjacent to the peroxide group.  Upon heating, it breaks down by homolysis of the relatively weak O-O bond.

References

Organic peroxides
Organic compounds
Arcadia 30. The Arcadia 30, or just Arcadia, is a French sailboat that was designed by Tony Castro as a cruiser and first built in 1983.

The boat is a development of the Sun Fast 1/2 Ton International Offshore Rule Half Ton class racer and was later developed into the 1987 Sun Dream 28 and Sun Way 28.

Production
The design was built by Jeanneau in France, from 1983 until 1986, with 600 boats completed.

Design
The Arcadia 30 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of polyester fiberglass, with wood trim. The hull is solid fiberglass and the deck is balsa-cored fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, with a deck-stepped mast, two sets of unswept spreaders and aluminum spars with 1X19 stainless steel wire rigging. The hull has a raked stem, a reverse transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller with an extension and a fixed fin keel or optional stub keel and retractable centerboard. The fin keel version displaces  and carries  of cast iron ballast, while the centerboard version displaces  and carries  of ballast, comprising cast iron exterior ballast and a steel centerboard.

The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of , while the centerboard-equipped version has a draft of  with the centerboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water.

The boat is fitted with an inboard diesel engine of  for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, an U-shaped settee in the main cabin and an aft cabin with a double berth on the port side. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, a  ice box and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the navigation station on the starboard side. Cabin headroom is .

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker of .

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 2000 review in Practical Sailor, Darrell Nicholson wrote, "overall the Jeanneau Arcadia surprised us. We were expecting a boat comparable in quality to mid-line American production boats; we found the Jeanneau to be somewhat better in construction and in many details. Being fond of tradition, we have a problem with the style of most of the Jeanneaus, including the Arcadia, but ultimately style is a tenuous criticism of a boat, unless it is truly ugly."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Tony Castro
Sailboat types built by Jeanneau
Mohamed Ayman Ashour. Mohamed Ayman Ashour (; born 12 December 1960) is the current Egyptian Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research in the cabinet headed by Mostafa Madbouly in succession of Khaled Abdel Ghaffar.

Before appointing, Ashour had held the position of Deputy Minister of Higher Education for University Affairs. He also served as Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Ain Shams University.

References

 

Higher education ministers of Egypt
Egyptian engineers
Living people
Academic staff of Ain Shams University
Research ministers of Egypt
1960 births
21st-century Egyptian politicians
NASM-MR. Naval Anti-Ship Missile–Medium Range (NASM–MR) or Medium Range Anti-Ship Missiles (MRAShM) is an all-weather, over-the-horizon anti-ship cruise missile being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian Navy for use against small to medium sized warships like frigates, corvettes, and destroyers. DRDO has been given approval to develop an indigenously developed the anti-ship missile. The NASM-MR will be of the same class as of Harpoon missile which is of US origin.

Development
On 6 November 2023, DRDO completed the preliminary design review of the NASM-MR missile and was proceeding for developing wind tunnel model for testing the to finalize the aerodynamic configuration.

On 30 November 2023, Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), which is headed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh under the Ministry of Defence, cleared the acquisition of Medium Range Anti-Ship Missiles (MRAShM) for surface warships of the Indian Navy which is envisaged as a lightweight Surface-to-Surface Missile to be used as a primary offensive weapon onboard Indian Naval Ships.

Variants
There will be multiple variants of the missile will be developed. The variants include:

 Air-launched variant: Will be deployed onboard fixed-wing fighter aircraft and maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) like Boeing P-8I Neptune. Range: .
 Ship-launched variant: Will be deployed onboard vertical launchers of frontline warships. It will include an additional solid-fuel rocket booster. Range: .
 Submarine-launched variant: Will include an additional solid-fuel rocket booster. Range: >.
 Coastal defence batteries: May take longer than the other three variants due to Indian Navy requirements.

See also
Harpoon – American-origin anti-ship missile
Exocet – French-origin anti-ship missile
Kalibr – Russian-origin anti-ship missile
Kh-35 – Soviet-origin anti-ship missile

References 

Anti-ship cruise missiles of India
Aerojet 260. The Aerojet 260 was an experimental solid rocket motor constructed and tested in the mid-1960s by Aerojet for NASA.

History 
In the 1960s, the 260 was initially designed to test the feasibility of solid rocket motors for space exploration, including use on the lower stage of the Saturn V. Development of the motors was originally given as parallel contracts to Aerojet and Thiokol. Aerojet won out in the end when Thiokol's test chamber burst at 56% of proving pressure during a stress test. The burst was due to signals from a new Acoustical Non-Destructive Test system being ignored, as conventional strain gauges showed no problem. On the flip side, the Aerojet chambers survived testing due to changes in heat treatment of the material and welding practices.

The test director was Will Spratling, and the program manager for the motor development was Dick Cottrell, Vice President of the Aerojet Solid Rocket Plant. Due to the large undertaking of the 260-inch motor development, many Aerojet staff had to move to a new Florida facility headed by Paul Datner. The size and complexity of the motors necessitated massive facilities for motor and propellant production, static testing, and supporting activities. The Florida facility construction combined these facilities into a single integrated facility. The diameter of the rocket motors made transport by rail impossible, as casings were restricted to a 156-inch diameter. To solve this problem Aerojet constructed a new canal leading to their facility in Florida which allowed for delivery of the boosters by barge.

Two tests of the boosters (SL-1 and SL-2) were carried out and were reportedly visible up to 80 miles away. The results from the test firings of test motors SL-1 and SL-2 showed a maximum thrust value of 3.5 million pounds (15.7 meganewtons) and a burn time of 114 seconds. The firings used six tons of PBAN propellant a second, producing a column of white-hot fire visible in Miami 31 miles away. The SL-3 motor was also test-fired using improvements based on the two previous firings. It resulted in the largest single motor ever fired on Earth at 5.6 million pounds (26.2 meganewtons) of thrust. Since SL-3 used the same casing design and materials as the previous boosters, the change in thrust was obtained from adding a nozzle to the end. The third test motor (SL-3) remains in the test silo to this day.

Specifications

References 

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20000033816/downloads/20000033816.pdf

Solid-fuel rockets
Rocketdyne engines
Elfriede Tungl. Elfriede Tungl (4 July 1922 – 25 August 1981) was an Austrian civil engineer. She was the first Austrian woman to earn a doctorate in civil engineering and in 1973 became the first female associate professor at the Vienna University of Technology.

Early life and education 
Elfriede Tungl was born on 4 July 1922 in Vienna.

Tungl enrolled in mathematics, physics and chemistry at the University of Vienna in 1940, but changed subjects after one year and studied civil engineering, graduating from the TU Wien in 1948. She received her doctorate from the TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology) in 1950. Tungl started work in the bridge construction department of the General Directorate of the Austrian Federal Railways, the ÖBB.

In 1952, she became a university research assistant working on issues related to the theory of structural systems. In 1963, her habilitation (post doctorate degree) at the Vienna University of Technology looked at the fields of elasticity and material strength theory. Tungl was the second woman to habilitate at this university, and the first woman to habilitate in these fields. She is thought to have been the first female civil engineer in Europe to hold a doctorate.

Career 
Tungl taught as a visiting professor in the US from 1965 to 1968, and in 1973 she became the first woman to be appointed associate professor at the Vienna University of Technology. She became head of the department of experimental Spannungs- und Dehnungsmessung, (stress and strain measurement) until she retired for health reasons in 1975.

Tungl died in Vienna on 25 August 1981.

References

Further reading 
Helga Eberwein: Tungl Elfriede. Korotin (ed), Ilse. fwf.ac.at biografiA.  Lexikon österreichischer Frauen, Band 3: Band 03, P-Z]. Vol. Band 3: P–Z. Böhlau. p. 3340. 

1922 births
1981 deaths
TU Wien alumni
Bridge engineers
Austrian engineers
Austrian academics
Women engineers
Austrian women engineers
TU Wien
Civil engineers
Austrian civil engineers
Engineers from Vienna
20th-century Austrian engineers
Xining–Chengdu high-speed railway. Xining–Chengdu high-speed railway (西宁至成都高速铁路), is a higher-speed railway line currently under construction in China. The line is  long and has a design speed of .

History 
Construction of Haidong West to Huangshengguan section of the railway started on 29 October 2022.

Stations

References 

High-speed railway lines in China
High-speed railway lines under construction
Jonyang GDG130. The Jonyang GDG130 is a military engineering vehicle built by China's Guizhou Jonyang Kinetics Co. Ltd. (Jonyang). It is based on the High-Speed Engineer Vehicle (HSEV) developed by Australian Defence Industries (ADI), now known as Thales Australia designed for the Australian Army.

It is currently the main engineering backhoe loader of the People's Liberation Army.

The GDG130 is also the basis for Jonyang's JYL313-B civilian backhoe loader.

Design
The Jonyang GDG130 was based on the High-Speed Engineer Vehicle (HSEV) developed by Australian Defence Industries (ADI), now known as Thales Australia.

In 2004, ADI started a partnership with China's Guizhou Jonyang Kinetics, which builds construction wheeled and tracked excavators and established a license production of the Australian HSEV. ADI sent 30 HSEV knock-down kits for local assembly in China by Jonyang.

The GDG130 are license production models with modifications over the original HSEV to meet the requirements of the People's Liberation Army, as well as for the civilian construction market, which Jonyang markets as the JYL313-B backhoe loader.

As a military engineer vehicle, the GDG130 is used to perform a variety of field engineering missions to support heavy combat units, including constructing trenches and defensive positions, clearing obstacles and filling ditches, as well as constructing obstacles and supporting construction work.

It is equipped with a 0.2 cubic meter backhoe bucket which can dig up trenches up to 4 meters deep, and a 0.8 cubic meter loader bucket which can be used to plough obstacles, and can be fitted with attachments and can be used as a forklift, compactor, or auger.

Some variants are fitted with an armored cabin, which includes bulletproof glass windows to protect from small caliber rounds and shrapnel, but is not equipped with any defensive weapons.

Like the ADI HSEV, the GSG130 is powered by a Cummnis 6BTA5.9C 5.9 liter turbocharged diesel engine with a maximum output of 185 horsepower and can attain a maximum speed of 90 kilometers per hour on road, and tow a trailer with a maximum weight of 8 tonnes. It also has an all-wheel drive system and can be used over rough terrain.

Operators

References

Military vehicles of the People's Republic of China
Military engineering vehicles
People's Liberation Army
John Thorp (researcher). John Martin Thorp (1927 – 23 March 2017) was a New Zealand chemistry researcher, university lecturer, and the author of several books, including two autobiographies on his life as a trans man. Much of his research work was on tribology, the study of friction, wear and lubrication.

Early life, education, and transition 
Born in 1927 in the United Kingdom, Thorp was educated at University of London, graduating with a BSc(Hons) in 1949 and PhD in 1951 with the title Preparation and adsorption properties of silica gels. He then lectured in inorganic and physical chemistry at Guy's Hospital Medical School, London. With the support of his friend (and future wife) Joan, who saved him from suicide, Thorp began his transition in the late 1950s with illegal and risky surgeries, and legally changed his name to John Martin in 1960.

Move to New Zealand 
In 1960 Thorp and his first wife, Joan, moved to New Zealand to escape intense media scrutiny and to take up a position as a chemistry lecturer at University of Auckland. The media scrutiny continued in New Zealand after being outed by The New Zealand Herald.

After several years of work in Auckland, Thorp was well-regarded as a scientist and in 1969 moved to Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand) (DSIR), where he remained until Joan developed heart problems in 1982. He then retired to spend more time together, living in Coromandel Peninsula until her death in 1989.

Later life 
In 1995 Thorp met his second wife, Hazel, with whom he ran a bed and breakfast in Coromandel before moving to Thames in 2000.

On 23rd March 2017 the car driven by Thorp was struck by a train on a level crossing near Morrinsville while driving home from Waikato Hospital. He died immediately, but his wife Hazel walked away and was taken to Waikato Hospital.

Selected works 

 Thorp, JM. 1951 Preparation and adsorption properties of silica gels.
 King, RJ, Thorp, JM. 1978. Electromagnetic forming DSIR
 Thorp, JM. 2006. 1982 DSIR's Tribology Service : the first decade / DSIR
 Thorp, JM. 2006. A Change for Good. Auckland, NZ: Cape Catley
 Thorp, JM. 2010. Second Chance. Auckland, NZ: Heather Mackay

References 

1927 births
2017 deaths
New Zealand scientists
New Zealand autobiographers
Transgender scientists
Transgender male writers
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
New Zealand transgender men
Railway accident deaths in New Zealand
Hartley V8 engine. The Hartley V8 engine is a series of a four-stroke naturally-aspirated DOHC V8 engines, designed, developed and built by American John Hartley and Hartley Enterprises, which has been produced since 2004. It was famously used in the well-known Ariel Atom 500 V8 sports car model.

References

Automobile engines
Internal combustion piston engines
V8 engines
Gasoline engines by model
Engines by model
Out-of-the-loop performance problem. The out-of-the-loop performance problem (OOL or OOTL) arises when an operator suffers from performance decrement as a consequence of automation. The potential loss of skills and of situation awareness caused by vigilance and complacency problems might make operators of automated systems unable to operate manually in case of system failure. Highly automated systems reduce the operator to monitoring role, which diminishes the chances for the operator to understand the system. It is related to mind wandering.

Etymology

OOL is also known as out-of-the-loop syndrome and out-of-the-loop effect. One of the first mentions of the term "out of the loop" is found in a patent by Willard Meilander from Goodyear Aerospace Corporation for automated aircraft control in 1972. More early mentions of OOL came up in the context of flight automation in 1980s.

Consequences
Three Mile Island accident in 1979, USAir Flight 5050 crash in 1989, Air France Flight 447 in 2009 and the loss of $400 million by Knight Capital Group in 2012 are attributed to OOL.

Automatic train operation

Automatic train operation is meant to reduce manual operation. This results in OOL performance problem for train drivers.

See also

 Automation bias

References

Impact of automation
Cognitive ergonomics
Karl von Sickingen. Karl Heinrich Joseph Reichsgraf von Sickingen (1737-1791) was a German academic who is known for his work on platinum.

Biography
von Sickingen was born in 1737. He died on July 13, 1791, in Vienna.

The researches of von Sickingen were scientific in nature. He made significant and accurate remarks on platinum, even though it was already acknowledged as a novel material in the 16th century, which is characterised by its large weight, meltability, and unassailability. He played an instrumental role in the discovery on how to convert the metal, which had previously only existed in infusible grains, into cohesive sheet metal.

Works
 Versuche über die Platina. Mit zweien kupfer tafeln

References

1737 births
1791 deaths
18th-century German chemists
Academics from Vienna