omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Michael Backes. Michael Backes (born 7 January 1978) is a German professor of computer science. He is the founding director and CEO of the CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security. He is known for his work on formal methods, cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies.

Life and career 
Born in Germany, he received a diploma degree in computer science and a diploma degree in mathematics from Saarland University in 2001 and 2002, respectively, and obtained his PhD in computer science from Saarland University in 2002 under the supervision of Birgit Pfitzmann and Harald Ganzinger.

He was successively a researcher at IBM Research (2002 – 2005) and associate professor (2005) and professor (2006 – today) of computer science at Saarland University, Germany.

He is the founding director and CEO of the newly funded CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Germany, since 2018.

His research is concerned with information security and privacy, particularly on security and privacy in machine learning, trustworthy information processing and medical privacy; design, analysis and verification for security-critical systems and services, and universal solutions in software and network security.

Awards and honors 
Backes has received a number of awards, including the following:
2004: Caspar Bowden Award 2004 
2005: IBM Outstanding Achievement Award 
2007: Fellow of the Max Planck Society
2008: IBM Faculty Award
2008: MIT TR35 
2009: European Research Council Starting Grant 
2014: European Research Council Synergy Grant 
2015: Member of the German Academy of Science and Engineering
2017: CNIL-INRIA Privacy Award 
2017: NSA Cybersecurity Research Award 
2018: Fellow of the IEEE
2018: Honorary Doctorate degree of the University of Lorraine
2023: ACM Fellow

References

External links 
 Michael Backes Personal Page at CISPA
 List of publications by Michael Backes

1978 births
Saarland University alumni
German chief executives
Academic staff of Saarland University
Living people
Fellows of the IEEE
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Janelle Shane. Janelle Shane is an optics research scientist and artificial intelligence researcher, writer and public speaker. She keeps a popular science blog called AI Weirdness, where she documents various machine learning algorithms, both ones submitted by readers and ones she personally creates.  Shane's first book You Look Like A Thing And I Love You: How AI Works And Why It's Making The World A Weirder Place was published in November 2019 covering many of the topics from her AI Weirdness blog for a general audience.

Early life and education 
Shane studied electrical engineering at Michigan State University and graduated in 2007. She started out in a research group that worked on genetic algorithms, and then worked with Marcos Dantus on genetic algorithms for femtosecond lasers. She earned her master's degree in physics at the University of St Andrews, where she worked with Kishan Dholakia on pulse shaping and dispersion compensation. In 2008, Shane joined University of California, San Diego as a graduate student, where she worked on ultra-fast nanoscale optics.

Career 
Shane works at Boulder Nonlinear Systems, an organisation who are developing holographic optical trapping modules for the International Space Station. She is also working on low size, weight and power (SWaP) 3D wind sensor technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles. The optical trapping systems (tweezers) use focused laser beams to trap transparent microparticles, and the holographic optical trapping uses liquid crystal spatial light modulators that can convert a single beam into separate steerable beams. This system allows Shane to position trapped particles in arrays. The technologies include liquid polarisation gratings for airborne Doppler lidar systems.

Shane came across a list of neural network cookbook recipes written by Tom Brewe. AI Weirdness, Shane's blog on Artificial Intelligence, features everyday neural networks and algorithms. Shane writes for Fast Company and O'Reilly Media. She has collaborated with CNN, The Guardian, The New York Times Magazine and The New York Times. Shane delivered a talk at TED 2019, where she spoke about the realities of artificial intelligence. She argued that while artificial intelligence is celebrated as a gift to society, in reality it often doesn't live up to the hype. Her book You Look Like a Thing and I Love You: How Artificial Intelligence Works and Why It's Making the World a Weirder Place was released in November 2019.

Selected publications

References

External links 
 
 AI Weirdness blog
 

Artificial intelligence researchers
University of California, San Diego alumni
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Michigan State University alumni
American women non-fiction writers
Women science writers
Optical engineers
Women in optics
American electrical engineers
American women engineers
21st-century women engineers
American women bloggers
American bloggers
Science bloggers
21st-century science writers
21st-century American women
Chun-Hway Hsueh. Chun-Hway Hsueh () is a Taiwanese materials scientist.

Education and career 
Hsueh studied physics at National Taiwan University, then switched to materials science as a graduate student at National Tsing Hua University and the University of California, Berkeley. He began working for Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1986. In 2002, he was listed as an ISI highly cited researcher in materials science. Hsueh returned to Taiwan in 2008 to teach at National Taiwan University, and was appointed to a distinguished professorship within the school's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 2010. He has served as associate editor for several academic journals. Hsueh was the 2019 recipient of the Taiwan Ceramic Society's Ceramic Industry Award.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century Taiwanese scientists
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
21st-century Taiwanese scientists
Taiwanese engineers
National Taiwan University alumni
Academic staff of the National Taiwan University
National Tsing Hua University alumni
Taiwanese expatriates in the United States
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Academic journal editors
Alpha (motorcycle). Alpha was a brand  of Spanish motorcycles and motocarros manufactured in Barcelona by Nilo Maso Miró between 1924 and 1957.

History

Nilo Masó Miró, a former speed driver, started his motorcycle manufacturing company in 1924 in Barcelona, producing machines powered by 175 and 250 cc two-stroke engines from Villiers and DKW. Alpha became one of the leading Spanish motorcycle manufacturers of the period before the Spanish Civil War. The marque was known for the pleasing aesthetics of its models.

After the war, when the import of foreign parts was severely restricted, and like many other manufacturers, the factory turned to the reconstruction of ex-army machines and the construction of auxiliary motors for bicycles.

MV Alpha 
Count Agusta had plans to expand the MV Agusta brand internationally. In post-Civil War Spain, the Franco regime banned the import of motorcycles and also forbade foreign nationals from settling in Spain, or stating a business there. Brothers Mario and Natale Corando intended to set up manufacture of MV machines under licence by a local factory, which had licenses and manufacturing permits and therefore have access to raw materials. A deal was struck with Nilo Masó of Alpha. To provide finance, Enrique Favier and Antonio Sommariva joined the venture and MV Alpha was formed in 1948.

In the first models went on sale. They were powered by a 125 cc two-stroke engine and offered as standard, lujo (luxury) and sports models. Power output was 3.2 bhp, and 4.5 bhp for the sports models, giving top speeds of 60 and 70 km/h. A smaller 98 cc model was subsequently produced. Sales were good, but because of the limited facilities of Alpha, production could not be increased. The licence to produce MV motorcycles was transferred to the larger and better equipped Avello factory in the Natahoyo neighbourhood of Gijón in Asturias in 1951, creating the MV Avello brand.

Demise 
The loss of the MV license caused the beginning of the decline of Alpha workshops. In 1953 Alpha collaborated in the construction of the Evycsa motorcycle with four-stroke FITA-AMC engines. Also produced were distribution tricycles (equipped with OSSA and Hispano Villiers engines ) and a 175cc light motorcycle, inspired by the BSA Bantam. The factory finally closed in 1957.

Resurrection
The name was resurrected in 2014, with 100% Spanish capital, to produce motorcycles and electric bicycles. They planned to produce a cafe racer derived from the Ducati 800SS styled on the Bonneville Salt Flats racers. An electric bike similar to the Bultaco Brinco was also planned. The company was located in the Province of Pontevedra.

In 2017, the company introduced lightweight carbon fibre drake discs for bicycles. They were claimed to be the lightest discs available at between 32 and 70 grams dependent of size.

References

Bibliography
 

MV Agusta
Motorcycle manufacturers of Spain
Spanish brands
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1924
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1957
1957 disestablishments in Spain
Spanish companies established in 1924
Motorcycles by brand
Alírio Rodrigues. Alírio Rodrigues is a Portuguese chemical engineer. He is emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering at Universidade do Porto and Director of the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering.

His research interests are in the fields of 
chemical engineering, bioengineering and materials engineering.
He is the author of over 600 articles on catalysis and reaction engineering, a number of books, and of six patents. 
He is among the most cited chemical engineers according to the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities

He is on the Editorial Board  of Chemical Engineering Journal.
The press has been interested in his research on perfumed clothing.

Rodrigues equation

The Rodrigues equation is an extension of the Van Deemter equation used to describe the efficiency of a bed of permeable (large-pore) particles.

The equation is:

where HETP is the height equivalent theoretical plate

and  is the intraparticular Péclet number.

Awards and honours

In 2008 he was awarded with Viviana Silva the Sustainability Award of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE).

Rodrigues has been awarded the 2019 medal for excellence in I+D+i of the Spanish association of chemists and chemical engineers as "recognition of an extraordinary research career in the area of separation processes and chemical reaction".

Bibliography
Perfume Engineering: Design, Performance and Classification, (2013) Butterworth-Heinemann ; 
 Simulated Moving Bed Technology, (2015) Butterworth-Heinemann

References

External links
  Alírio Rodrigues' publications
 Alírio Rodrigues' page at the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, University of Porto

Living people
Portuguese engineers
21st-century Portuguese scientists
Portuguese chemical engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cyclo(18)carbon. Cyclooctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonayne or cyclo[18]carbon is an allotrope of carbon with molecular formula .  The molecule is a ring of eighteen carbon atoms, connected by alternating triple and single bonds; thus, it is a polyyne and a cyclocarbon.

Cyclo[18]carbon is the smallest cyclo[n]carbon predicted to be thermodynamically stable, with a computed strain energy of 72 kilocalories per mole. Above 122 K, it explosively decomposes to amorphous graphite.

A collaboration of teams at IBM and the University of Oxford team claimed to synthesize it in solid state in 2019 by electrochemical decarbonylation of several sites of a cyclobutanone structure: Later, researchers from Spain have used computational techniques to probe the structural and electronic properties of the molecule, and have discovered it to be an electron acceptor.

According to these IBM researchers, the electronic structure of their product consists of alternating triple bonds and single bonds, rather than a cumulene-type structure of consecutive double bonds. This supposedly makes this molecule a semiconductor.

References 

Aromatic compounds
Group IV semiconductors
Polyynes
Cyclocarbons
Substances discovered in the 2010s
Cycloalkynes
Michael Russell (scientist). Michael Russell is a British geologist who works on the origin of life.

Russell is the originator of the theory that life emerged at alkaline submarine hydrothermal vents. Russell's theory is that hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and methane, released from submarine alkaline hydrothermal vents, acted upon nitrate, ferrous and ferric iron, carbon dioxide, and protons in ambient ocean waters to form simple organic molecules Russell studied 360-million-year-old mineral deposits in Ireland, which led to his insight that iron sulfide and hydroxide cells may have provided three-dimensional molds for the first cell walls.

Career

Russell was an undergraduate in geology at Queen Mary College of the University of London.
He worked as a mineral exploration geologist in the Solomon Islands and Canada prior to taking his PhD in geochemistry at the University of Durham.
He taught at the Department of Applied Geology at the University of Strathclyde before joining the University of Glasgow as the Dixon Professor of Applied Geology. He was a visiting professor at the University of Grenoble. He was NASA senior research fellow and then a principal scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology from 2006 until 2019 and a member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute until 2021.

Russell has appeared on BBC programmes
 including Horizon's Life on Mars and Origin of Life

Awards and honours
In June 2009, Russell was awarded the William Smith Medal from the Geological Society of London for his lifetime contributions to applied geology.
In 2018, he was awarded NASA's Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for his research into the emergence of life.

References

Living people
Academics of the University of Glasgow
British geologists
Alumni of Durham University Graduate Society
1939 births
Volkswagen ID. Space Vizzion. The Volkswagen ID. Space Vizzion is  a concept electric vehicle wagon developed by Volkswagen. The ID. Space Vizzion is based on the MEB platform, and part of the ID. Series. The firm is planning to sell a production version of the vehicle by 2023 as the ID.7.

The concept wagon was shown at the 2019 LA Auto Show and is capable of three rows of seating.

See also
 Volkswagen ID. Vizzion – a related sedan
 Volkswagen ID. series

References

2020s cars
Electric concept cars
Station wagons
ID._Space_Vizzion
Cars introduced in 2019
Kuala Terengganu Drawbridge. Kuala Terengganu Drawbridge (Malay: Jambatan Angkat Kuala Terengganu, Jawi: جمبتن اڠكت كوالا ترڠڬانو, Terengganuan: Ghetok Congek Tranung) is a bascule bridge located in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, and crosses the mouth of Terengganu River. It is the fourth bridge within the Kuala Terengganu City area that straddles the river after Sultan Mahmud Bridge, Manir Bridge, and Pulau Sekati Bridge.

Overview 
Kuala Terengganu Drawbridge is part of the multiple projects for the East Coast Economic Region (ECER). It is the first drawbridge built in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, constructed by Zelan Construction Sdn Bhd at a cost of RM248 million. Construction began in August 2014 and was completed in mid-2019. This drawbridge is also a component in the development of the Kuala Terengganu City Council (KTCC).

Design 

The bridge's design was inspired by London Tower Bridge in London. The drawbridge has a 23-metre-wide single-carriageway that spans 638 metres over the mouth of Terengganu River. It connects Muara Selatan (South Bank), a reclaimed area in the Kuala Terengganu city centre, near Tanjung, and Muara Utara (North Bank) in Seberang Takir. It has a 12.5-metre clearance above water when the double-leafed span is closed. The clear span of the drawbridge is 50 metres long.

There are four 15-storey, 89.1 metres high towers, with each set of two towers connected by a skybridge. The towers are also contained with lobbies that allow visitors to go up to the commercial areas located at the sky bridges. At night, the structures are lit up with colourful illuminations. The drawbridge also allows users to cut their travelling time between Sultan Mahmud Airport as well as Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kuala Terengganu by about 15 minutes. A four-lane coastal road was also built to connect the bridge with Kuala Nerus.

Opening 

The bridge was opened for trial from 2 to 17 June, during the Aidilfitri festive season. After a short closing period to allow other tests and improvement work to be carried out, it was fully opened for motor vehicles and pedestrians on 1 August 2019.

See also 
 Sultan Mahmud Bridge
 Pulau Sekati Bridge
 Ampera Bridge - a similar bridge in Indonesia

References 

Bridges completed in 2019
Bridges in Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu
Brambul. Brambul is an SMB protocol computer worm that decrypts and automatically moves from one computer to its second computer.

It is responsible for the dropping of the Joanap botnet.

History 

Brambul was first discovered in 2009 and has not had a disclosure prior to its notoriety. It was observed by cybersecurity firms and was not extensive subject.

Sony hack (Late 2014) 
Brambul was among the malware to be identified during the Sony Pictures hack.

Investigation (Early 2019)
Brambul as well as Joanap botnet have both been shut down via a court order.

Cycle 
The computer worm has the ability to automatically scan IP addresses and decrypt passwords including, but not limited to the following.

System drive share

Brambul will share information of the system to the cyberattacker. Information shared includes the IP address, hostname and the username and password.

References

External links
HIDDEN COBRA – Joanap Backdoor Trojan and Brambul Server Message Block Worm | CISA

Computer worms
2014 in computing
Protic solvent. In chemistry, a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group ), a nitrogen (as in an amine group  or ), or fluoride (as in hydrogen fluoride). In general terms, any solvent that contains a labile  is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons () to solutes, often via hydrogen bonding. Water is the most common protic solvent. Conversely, polar aprotic solvents cannot donate protons but still have the ability to dissolve many salts.

Methods for purification of common solvents are available

See also 
 Autoprotolysis

References 

Solvents
Virtual Machine Communication Facility. The IBM Virtual Machine Communication Facility (VMCF) is a feature of the VM/370 operating system introduced in Release 3 in 1976. It "provides a method of communication and data transfer between virtual machines operating under the same VM/370 system."

VMCF uses paravirtualization through the diagnose instruction VMCF SEND function to send data, in blocks of up to 2048 bytes, from one virtual machine to another. The receiving virtual machine accesses the data thru the diagnose RECEIVE function. It provides a simpler interface and greater performance than the prior use of virtual channel-to-channel adapters for the same purpose.

VMCF was superseded by the Inter User Communication Vehicle (IUCV), introduced in 1980 with VM/SP.

References

IBM mainframe operating systems
VM (operating system)
Virtualization
Oškinis BRO-23KR Garnys. The Oškinis BRO-23KR Garnys  is a glassfibre primary glider, built in the USSR in the early 1980s. Only two were completed.

Design and development

The BRO-23KR was designed by Bronis Oškinis and constructed by Česlovas Kisonas and K. Rinkevičius (the KR of the name) at the Kaunas hang gliding club. Designed in 1981, it was intended to replace the BRO-11M (LAK-2) after production ended in 1979. It first flew in 1981.

The BRO-23KR is a glassfibre aircraft with a strut and wire-braced high wing and a pod and boom fuselage with an open-sided cockpit and a T-tail. Its wing is rectangular in plan out to blunted and turned-down tips and both its single spar and ribs are formed from woven glassfibre. Three-ply glasscloth skin ahead of the spar forms a torsion resistant D-box. The narrow trailing edge of the wing was cast in epoxy with spanwise glassfibres and glasscloth covered. The whole wing was then covered with glued and thermally bonded, transparent polyethylene terephthalate film. It has narrow, full span, slotted ailerons, operating in co-ordination with rudder deflections and built in the same way as the wings. Single struts on each side brace the spar to the lower fuselage.

The fuselage of the BRO-23KR is formed from two GRP halves and attached to the wing centre-section. It has a long, shallow open cockpit which stretches back under the wing with the pilot in a reclined position. The tail unit, constructed in a similar way to the wing, has a highly swept, near-rectangular fin with a high aspect ratio horizontal tail mounted on its top. Its rather angular rudder, on a backward-leaning hinge, is large.

The BRO-23KR has very adaptable landing gear based on a landing skid sprung on five rubber blocks, which stretches nearly from the nose to just aft of the spar. The skid is wide enough to land on snow but can be fitted with a tyred wheel in summer. More unusual attachments include a set of introductory tricycle wheels and floats for landing on water. There is a long, self-sprung GRP landing skid under the tail.

Operational history

Only two BRO-23KRs were constructed, the prototype and one built in 1984 by Panévežio Atsk. One took part in the 2nd World Championship, an Eastern European series gliding contest distinct from the FAI event, where it showed distinct improvements over earlier Soviet primary gliders. Both aircraft remained airworthy in 2015.

In 1982 the prototype was motorized into the BROK-1M, with a largely uncowled, pusher configuration,  engine. Its installation, designed by Kišonas, placed it well above the rear part of the wing on forward and aft transverse V-struts from the central wing mountings, laterally braced on each side by a long strut out to the wing. It used the tricycle landing gear.

In 2009 one airframe remained in the Sport Aviation Museum in Kaunas but there was no information about its identity or condition or if it was on open display.

Variants

BROK-1M First prototype BRO-23KR motorized.

Specifications

References

1980s Soviet sailplanes
Aircraft manufactured in Lithuania
Aircraft first flown in 1981