omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FNAB-43. The FNAB-43 is an Italian designed and developed submachine gun manufactured from 1943 to 1945. The first prototype was built in 1942 and the ~1,000 built by the FNA-B according to Ian McCollum of Forgotten Weapons (Fabbrica Nazionale d'Armi di Brescia, "Brescia National Arms Factory", hence the name) were issued to German and Italian RSI (Repubblica Sociale Italiana) units fighting in Northern Italy. The FNAB-43 was an expensive weapon to manufacture as it used extensive milling and precision engineering in its manufacture.

Description

The FNAB-43 uses a lever-delayed blowback system, firing from the closed bolt position. The bolt is a two-piece unit with a pivoted lever interposed between bolt head and body. Upon firing, the bolt head retracts, and begins to rotate the lever; the base of which is against a lug in the body. This lever is pivoted to delay the opening movement in order to allow the bullet to leave the barrel. The breech pressure then drops before the lever has completed its rotation. The movement of the lever then presses the free end against the bolt body and accelerates the bolt's movement to the rear. The base of the lever then pulls clear of the lug, and the whole bolt unit continues to recoil as one piece. Upon returning, the lever again engages the lug and pivots forward; in doing so, removing a coupling which allows the firing pin to move only when the bolt is fully forward (in battery). Despite claims of this allowing for a slow firing cyclic rate of 400 rounds per minute, when tested, provides a cyclic rate of 837 rounds per minute. This live firing example was provided with modern 9x19 parabellum ammunition, so it is most likely that the cyclic rate that was see in World War II is slightly lower.

The FNAB-43 also utilizes a muzzle brake and compensator built into the barrel shroud. The magazine well is hinged so that the magazine can lie beneath the barrel similarly to the French MAT-49. The single metal bar stock can be folded upwards, rendering the weapon more compact.

Notes

References
 Hogg, Ian (1978). The Encyclopedia of Infantry Weapons of World War II. London: Arms & Armour Press. .
 Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John S. (2000). Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. 7th edition. Iola, WI: Krause Publishing. .

External links
 Secundeguerre.net (French)
 Supreme Command (Italian)
 FNAB-43 at Security arms
 FNAB 43
 The Italian FNAB-43 submachine gun – LAI Publications

9mm Parabellum submachine guns
Lever-delayed blowback firearms
Submachine guns of Italy
World War II infantry weapons of Italy
World War II submachine guns
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
PZL.53 Jastrząb II. PZL.53 Jastrząb II (Hawk II) was a project of Polish pre-war fighter aircraft developed from PZL.50 Jastrząb and designed by Wsiewołod Jakimiuk of the PZL works. A single-seat low-wing monoplane was to serve as a multi-purpose fighter and escort and reinforcement for PZL.50 Jastrząb in the Polish Air Force.

Initial design was prepared in 1939 and was based on PZL.50 Jastrząb but aircraft had greater bomb load (300 kg compared to 100 kg in PZL.50) and two additional 20 mm guns. Aircraft was designed for much stronger 1200-1300 hp engine chosen from PZL Bristol Herkules III, PZL Waran, Pratt-Whitney or Gnome-Rhône 14R4 engines.

Versions
PZL.53A
First production variant powered by a  engine.
PZL.53B
Development of the PZL.50B powered by Gnome-Rhône 14R-4 engine.

Operators (planned)

Polish Air Force

Specifications (PZL.53)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Glass, Andrzej. Polskie Konstrukcje Lotnicze Vol.3 (In Polish). Sandomierz, Poland: Wydawnictwo Stratus, 2008.

1930s Polish fighter aircraft
PZL aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Macintosh Common Lisp. Macintosh Common Lisp (MCL)  is an implementation and IDE for the Common Lisp programming language.  Various versions of MCL run under the classic Mac OS (m68k and PPC) and Mac OS X.

Versions of MCL up to and including 5.1 are proprietary.  Version 5.2 has been open sourced.

In 2009 a new different version of MCL has been open sourced: RMCL. RMCL is based on MCL 5.1 and does run under Rosetta on Intel-based Macs.

Features of MCL

MCL was famous for its integration with the Macintosh toolbox (later: Apple Carbon), which allowed direct access to most of the Mac OS functionality directly from Lisp.  This was achieved with a low-level interface that allowed direct manipulation of native Mac OS data structures from Lisp, together with a high-level interface that was more convenient to use.

In a 2001 article in Dr. Dobb's Journal, Peter Norvig wrote that "MCL is my favorite IDE on the Macintosh platform for any language and is a serious rival to those on other platforms".

History of MCL

Development on MCL began in 1984.

Over its history, MCL has been known under different names:

Running on 68k-based Apple Macintosh Computers:

 1987, Coral Common Lisp
 1987, Macintosh Allegro Common Lisp
 1988, Apple Macintosh Common Lisp

Running on PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh Computers:

 1994, Digitool Macintosh Common Lisp

It has also spawned at least one separately maintained fork:

 1998, Clozure CL (CCL), known previously as OpenMCL
 In 2007 MCL 5.2 was open sourced.
 In 2009 RMCL (MCL running under Rosetta) was published as open source.
 Since 2009 an open source version of RMCL (based on MCL 5.2) is hosted at Google Code MCL. This version runs under Rosetta (Apple's PPC to Intel code translator that is an optional install under Mac OS X 10.6).

References

External links
Homepage for the commercial version (now legacy)
MCL 5.2 (sources and binary).
RMCL (sources and binary).
MCL 5.2 at Google Code
Mac Common Lisp at NIST

Common Lisp implementations
Common Lisp (programming language) software
Lisp (programming language)
Functional languages
Free and open source compilers
List of York University people. This is a list of York University people. It includes notable graduates and faculty of the Toronto, Ontario, Canada institution, as well as graduates of Osgoode Hall Law School prior to its affiliation with York in 1969. See also Notable alumni of Osgoode Hall.

Graduates

Politicians

Judges

Business leaders

Artists and entertainers

Scientists

Athletes

Broadcasters

Other

Notable faculty

Engineering

Other

Distinguished Research Professors / University Professors 

The ranks of "Distinguished Research Professor" and "University Professor" are the highest a professor can achieve at York University. There may be at most thirty of either type at any time. The title of Distinguished Research Professor is awarded to faculty who have made outstanding contributions to the university through their work in research, while a University Professor has "demonstrated a commitment to participation in University life and/or contribution to the University as a community" as well as teaching and scholarship.

Presidents

Chancellors

References 

York University
York
NASA Research and Engineering Network. The NASA Research and Engineering Network (NREN) is a nationwide wide area network which connects selected NASA centers and peers with other high-performance network test-beds.  It enables NASA scientists, engineers, and researchers to reach their partners within other federal agencies and academia.

The NREN  was initially developed in 1996 enabling:
 Aerospace engineers to revolutionize air travel by remotely controlling wind tunnels on their desktops, 
 astronauts and engineers to train together in realistic simulations of space flight, 
 medical researchers to safely monitor and treat humans in space from the Earth, 
 Earth scientists from all over the country to develop climate models that allow us to predict and respond to environmental events such as floods, and 
 space scientists to chart the evolution of the universe.

NASA led the creation of the Next Generation Internet - as the lead organizer of the NGI Implementation Plan  NREN pioneered three initial NGI Exchanges (NGIXs) with its interagency partners. 

Since its creation NREN has been upgraded several times. It currently has 10 Gigabits-per-second (Gbit/s) connectivity across the continental United States, primarily to link to the Columbia supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California.

In March 2006, NREN developed and implemented a custom wireless networking protocol known as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR).  DSR was to be used by field teams and robots to facilitate communication in difficult field conditions.

In September 2006 the NREN was used to develop a high transfer rate application called BBFTP to support GOES 5 operations between Ames and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). BBFTP achieved transfer rates as high as 52 Megabytes/sec, and a net transfer of well over 4 terabytes worth of data.

The NREN supported operations of the McGill High Arctic Research Station (MARS).

See also 
 Defense Research and Engineering Network

References 

Wide area networks
NASA online
Goddard Space Flight Center
Ames Research Center
International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods. The International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM) is an international academic conference in the field of software engineering.

History 
Until 2002, SEFM was a workshop; it then became a full international conference. It is sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society. The 1st IEEE International Conferences on         Software Engineering and Formal Methods  (SEFM 2003) was  held at Brisbane, Australia in September 2003. Submissions originated from 22 different countries. As well as IEEE-CS, supporters for SEFM 2003 included the  Australian Computer Society (ACS), Boeing Australia, and the Italian Embassy in Canberra.

The proceedings for the conference are published by the Springer Science+Business Media in LNCS since 2011. Previously, the proceedings were published by IEEE.

Aims
SEFM aims to bring together practitioners and researchers from academia, industry, and government, to advance the state of the art in formal methods, to help in their large-scale application in the software industry, and to encourage their integration with other practical software engineering methods.

The conferences are often held in the Asia and Pacific regions and specifically in developing countries. An important aim of the SEFM conferences is to encourage research cooperation between developing countries and industrialized countries. SEFM 2010 was in Pisa, Italy. SEFM 2013 was in Madrid, Spain. SEFM 2014 takes place in Grenoble, France 

The SEFM conference series is included on the DBLP online publications database. Revised selected papers sometimes appear as special journal issues.

References

External links 
 SEFM website

Recurring events established in 2003
Software engineering conferences
Formal methods
IEEE conferences
September
1-Chloronaphthalene. 1-Chloronaphthalene is an aromatic compound. It is a colorless, oily liquid which may be used to determine the refractive index of crystals by immersion. The compound is an isomer to 2-chloronaphthalene.

Synthesis
1-Chloronaphthalene is obtained directly by chlorination of naphthalene, with the formation of more highly substituted derivatives such as dichloro- and trichloronaphthalenes in addition to the two monochlorinated isomeric compounds: 1-chloronaphthalene and 2-chloronaphthalene.

Applications
This toxic, nonpolar organochlorine compound is sometimes used as a powerful biocide, and is also known as Basileum.  It occasionally serves as insecticide and fungicide in the timber floors of shipping containers, where it fulfills the same role as chlordane.

1-Chloronaphthalene was also used as a common solvent for oils, fats and DDT until the 1970s. It is also used to determine the refractive index of crystals.

See also
1-Fluoronaphthalene
1-Bromonaphthalene

References

Chloroarenes
1-Naphthyl compounds
Bumbar. The Bumbar (from ) is a Serbian short-range portable anti-tank missile system.

Description
The Bumbar is a wire-guided, man-portable, short-ranged missile system for use against ground targets. The missile has a soft launch capability - the main motor firing after the missile has left the launcher, which allows for the missile to be fired from confined spaces, which is a necessity in urban warfare. During its flight, the rocket is maneuvered by unique system of thrust vectoring. The missile is propelled by two main rocket motor exhaust vanes located at mid body. As the missile rotates the launch units send signals commanding the correction by one of the two vanes to move against the missile motors thrust. For example, if the missile has to move to the left, the right thrust vector vane will actuate at the correct time.
It is protected against electronic countermeasures through the "use of CCD matrix sensors, fast image-processing computer and robust tracer recognition algorithm."

Its general design is similar to American M47 dragon atgm. and has similar specifications. However MBDA has never supplied Serbia or the former Yugoslavia with technical or engineering information regarding the Eryx.

General information
 Time of flight to target at 600 m: 4.6 s
 Warhead penetration: over 1000 mm RHA behind ERA
 Range: up to 600 m
 Weapon length in travelling position: 1164 mm
 Capable of firing from confined spaces
 Night firing capability
 Mass of missile in transporting/launching tube: 14 kg
 Secondary warhead caliber: 55 mm
 LC axis superelevation angle: 10°

References

Anti-tank guided missiles of Serbia
Military Technical Institute Belgrade
Serbian inventions
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Kota the triceratops. Kota the Triceratops was an animatronic toy dinosaur made by Hasbro and Playskool. It is modeled after a triceratops, and intended for children aged 3 to 6.

The toy debuted at Toy Fair New York in February 2008, building on the reception of Ugobe's earlier Pleo robotic dinosaur toy, and went on sale in October 2008 for approximately US$300 as listed by the company website. A review by IEEE Spectrum indicated that it had 11 sensors over its body to sense touch and pressure, and made appropriate noises (like roars) or movements (like tail-wagging) in response. It had some functionality to accept a folded "leaf" food, and move its jaw and make appropriate chomping noises.

External links
 Print review of Kota by IEEE Spectrum.
 Video review of Kota by IEEE Spectrum.

Toy brands
Entertainment robots
Robotic dinosaurs
2000s toys
Hasbro products
Robots of the United States
2008 robots
Animatronic robots
Toy animals
Square thread form. The square thread form is a common screw thread profile, used in high load applications such as leadscrews and jackscrews.  It gets its name from the square cross-section of the thread.  It is the lowest friction and most efficient thread form, but it is difficult to fabricate.

Advantages & disadvantages
The greatest advantage of square threads is that they have a much higher intrinsic efficiency than trapezoidal threads (Acme or metric trapezoidal). Due to the lack of a thread angle there is no radial pressure, or bursting pressure, on the nut. This also increases the nut life.

The greatest disadvantage is the difficulty in machining such a thread. The single-point cutting tools or taps and dies used to cut the thread cannot have efficient rake and relief angles (because of the square form), which makes the cutting slow and difficult. Square threads also cannot carry as much load as a trapezoidal thread, because the root of the square thread is smaller. Also, there is no way to compensate for wear on the nut, so it must be replaced when worn out.

Classification
Square threads are defined as follows by ISO standards:

where Sq designates a square thread, 60 is the nominal diameter in millimeters, and 9 is the pitch in millimeters. When there is no suffix it is a single start thread. If there is a suffix then the value after the multiplication sign is the lead and the value in the parentheses is the pitch. For example:

would denoted two starts, as the lead divided by the pitch is two. The "LH" denotes a left hand thread.

Mechanics

References

Notes

Bibliography
.

Screws
Threading (manufacturing)
Stephen R. Barley. Stephen R. Barley (born February 16, 1953) is an American organizational theorist and Christian A. Felipe Professor of Technology Management at the College of Engineering at the University of California Santa Barbara. Previously he was The Richard W. Weiland Professor in the School of Engineering at Stanford University and the Stanford Graduate School of Education. Barley's research focuses on the role of technology in organizational change and organizational/occupational culture.

Biography 
Barley received his A.B. in English from the College of William and Mary in 1975, a M.A. in Student Personnel Administration from the Ohio State University in 1977, and a Ph.D. from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1984. His dissertation was entitled "The Professional, the semi-professional, and the machine: The social implications of computer based imaging in radiology." His 1986 paper "Technology as an occasion for structuring" has been cited over 4300 times.

Barley was a professor in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University between 1984 and 1994 and joined the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University in 1994. The National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences' committee on the changing occupational structure was co-chaired by Barley in 1998 and 1999.

Barley was editor of the Administrative Science Quarterly from 1993 to 1997 and has served on the editorial boards for the Academy of Management Journal, the Journal of Managagement Studies, and Organization Science.

Selected publications
Books:
 Van Maanen, John, and Stephen R. Barley. Occupational communities: Culture and control in organizations. No. TR-ONR-10. ALFRED P SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT CAMBRIDGE MA, 1982.
 
 
 
 
 

Articles, a selection:
 Barley, Stephen R. "Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments." Administrative science quarterly (1986): 78–108.
 Barley, Stephen R., and Gideon Kunda. "Design and devotion: Surges of rational and normative ideologies of control in managerial discourse." Administrative Science Quarterly (1992): 363–399.
 Barley, Stephen R., and Pamela S. Tolbert. "Institutionalization and structuration: Studying the links between action and institution." Organization studies 18.1 (1997): 93–117.

References

External links
 WTO homepage
 MS&E homepage

1953 births
Living people
American business theorists
College of William & Mary alumni
Cornell University faculty
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Management scientists
Dinesh Kumar Mishra. Dinesh Kumar Mishra (born 1948) is the convenor of Barh Mukti Abhiyan, an NGO which is mounting a grassroots movement that challenges the current, top-heavy flood control policy in India.

Life

According to Dinesh Kumar Mishra, dams and  embankments, based on past experience, are not reliable, so control over rivers should be given back to the community, which can manage and cope with flooding. Dinesh Kumar Mishra has graduated as civil engineer from IIT Kharagpur in 1968. In 1970, he completed M.Tech. from the same institute and later in 2006 completed his Ph.D. from South Gujarat University. Dinesh Kumar Mishra is also director of Maryland Institute of Technology and Management, Galudih, Jamshedpur.

References

Living people
IIT Kharagpur alumni
People from Bihar
1948 births
OPV-80-class offshore patrol vessel. The OPV-80 class is a class of offshore patrol vessels that are currently operated by the Chilean Navy and Colombian National Navy. The Argentine Navy have also expressed an interest in building these ships.

History
The design of the PZM was developed by Fassmer GmbH & Co. KG, a German company to meet the Chilean Navy's requirements under the Danubio IV project. The contract for ASMAR to build the PZMs was signed on May 20, 2005, with Northrop Grumman, Sisdef (a consortium of BAE Systems and shipbuilder ASMAR) and Rohde & Schwarz participating as main subcontractors at a cost of US$54 million to be commissioned by 2012. The vessels are operated by the Coast Guard Service of the Chilean Navy and they will conduct patrol missions in Chile's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The design of the Proyecto Patrulleros de Zona Marítima is being promoted by Chile as a common platform for South American navies through the Proyecto Patrullero de Alta Mar Regional (or Regional Offshore Patrol Ship) committee.

Colombia 
Colombia ordered three vessels to be built at its COTECMAR shipyard in Cartagena, out of six planned until 2020.

Ships in class

See also
 POVZEE
 BVL

References

External links

 Astilleros y Maestranzas de la Armada
 Armar.cl OPV-80 in Action video
 ASMAR PZM specifications
 Fassmer's 80 m Offshore Patrol Vessel
 Proyecto Patrulleros de Zona Marítima (PZM)

Patrol vessels of the Chilean Navy
Patrol vessels of the Argentine Navy
Patrol vessels of the Colombian Navy
Ships built in Chile
Ships built in Argentina
Patrol ship classes
Zinc–zinc oxide cycle. For chemical reactions, the zinc–zinc oxide cycle or Zn–ZnO cycle is a two step thermochemical cycle based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production with a typical efficiency around 40%.

Process description
The thermochemical two-step water splitting process uses redox systems:

Dissociation: ZnO → Zn + 1/2 O2
Hydrolysis: Zn + H2O → ZnO + H2

For the first endothermic step concentrating solar power is used in which zinc oxide is thermally dissociated at  into zinc and oxygen. In the second non-solar exothermic step zinc reacts at  with water and produces hydrogen and zinc oxide. The temperature level is realized by using a solar power tower and a set of heliostats to collect the solar thermal energy.

See also
 Cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle
 Copper–chlorine cycle
 Hydrosol-2
 Hybrid sulfur cycle
 Iron oxide cycle
 Sulfur–iodine cycle

References

External links
 H2 formation by zinc hydrolysis in a hot wall aerosol flow reactor

Inorganic reactions
Hydrogen production
Zinc
Zinc oxide