omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
South Australian Railways I class (second). The South Australian Railways I Class locomotive entered service on the South Australian Railways as No. 161 on 9 December 1910.

History
The engine was built by Beyer, Peacock and Company in 1888 and imported to Victoria, Australia. It initially worked on a private railway in Victoria, and was then sent to contractors "Waring and Rawdon" in 1903 for construction work at Outer Harbor, South Australia. After its private work years it was sold to the South Australian Government by the Engineer-in-Chief's Department. It officially entered service on the South Australian Railways on 9 December 1910 as No. 161. Between 1918 and 1919 it was then classified "I" and worked until 8 April 1929, then finally scrapped on 10 May 1930.

References

Broad gauge locomotives in Australia
I2
Beyer, Peacock locomotives
0-4-0ST locomotives
Li Jisheng. Li Jisheng (; May 31, 1943 – July 28, 2019) was a Chinese aerospace engineer specializing in satellite orbital dynamics and satellite TT&C.

Biography
Li was born in Jinan, Shandong, on May 31, 1943. His parents died of illness at the age of 4 and 12, respectively. It was Li's aunt who raised him and provided him for university. After graduating from Nanjing University in 1966, he was assigned to the Xi'an Satellite Control Center as a researcher. On April 24, 1970, Li participated in the test mission of the first man-made satellite "Dong Fang Hong I", in which he was mainly responsible for satellite orbit calculation. From 1984 to 1986, Li was a visiting scholar at the University of Texas in the United States. In 1985, Li was elected a member of the American Geophysical Society. From 1988 to 1989, Li went to Mécanique Aviation Traction (Matra) to cooperate in the development of satellite TT&C software. In 1995, he published the monograph Precision Orbit Determination of Artificial Satellite. In 1997, Li was elected academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2008 he was elected a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On July 28, 2019, Li Jisheng died of illness in Beijing at the age of 76.

Awards
 2000 Science and Technology Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation

References

1943 births
2019 deaths
Chinese aerospace engineers
Engineers from Shandong
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nanjing University alumni
People from Jinan
Woldemar Voigt (engineer). Woldemar Voigt (10 February 1907 – June 1980) was a German aerospace engineer, who was responsible for some of the advanced swept wing German jet-powered aircraft at the end of World War II.

Early life
His grandfather was the German physicist Woldemar Voigt (1850-1919), known for Voigt notation, Voigt profile and the Voigt effect, and who introduced the term tensor in 1898. He was born in February 1907 in Göttingen; he was the oldest of four brothers. His father was Karl Voigt (1879–1965).

He studied at technical high school in Darmstadt, in the south of Hesse.

Career

Klemm
He worked for Klemm, designing the Klemm Kl 35.

Messerschmitt

He joined Messerschmitt, in Bavaria, in 1933.

He was the project leader for the designs of the Messerschmitt Me 264 (four-engined bomber), Messerschmitt Me 328, and the infamous rocket-engined Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet. He oversaw the design of the swept-wing Messerschmitt P.1101 jet fighter, which was never built (by the Germans), but provided a valued contribution to early American swept-wing jet fighters. From October 1938, Messerschmitt had been looking at designs for jet fighter aircraft. He was head of the Projects Department from 1939. At Messerschmitt, other designers included Wolfgang Degel.

In October 1943, the Messerschmitt design department moved to Oberammergau in southern Bavaria, on the Austrian border. The NATO School has been on the site since 1953.

Vought
After the war, Voight was relocated to the United States via the Operation Paperclip. He went to work for the American aircraft company Vought, with one of his first designs being the Vought F7U Cutlass, which was developed from German scientists' data on swept-wing jet aircraft.

Personal life
He married Clara Hollerung (born 12 September 1911) in 1935. He died in June 1980 in America, aged 73. He had lived in Annapolis, Maryland.

See also
 List of German aircraft projects, 1939–45
 List of German inventors and discoverers
 Richard Vogt (aircraft designer), later worked for Boeing

References

External links
 Family tree

1907 births
1980 deaths
German aerospace engineers
German emigrants to the United States
Messerschmitt people
Messerschmitt Me 262
People from Annapolis, Maryland
Scientists from Göttingen
Vought
Engineers from Lower Saxony
Structured concurrency. Structured concurrency is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by using a structured approach to concurrent programming.

The core concept is the encapsulation of concurrent threads of execution (here encompassing kernel and userland threads and processes) by way of control flow constructs that have clear entry and exit points and that ensure all spawned threads have completed before exit. Such encapsulation allows errors in concurrent threads to be propagated to the control structure's parent scope and managed by the native error handling mechanisms of each particular computer language.  It allows control flow to remain readily evident by the structure of the source code despite the presence of concurrency. To be effective, this model must be applied consistently throughout all levels of the program – otherwise concurrent threads may leak out, become orphaned, or fail to have runtime errors correctly propagated.

Structured concurrency is analogous to structured programming, which uses control flow constructs that encapsulate sequential statements and subroutines.

History 
The fork–join model from the 1960s, embodied by multiprocessing tools like OpenMP, is an early example of a system ensuring all threads have completed before exit. However, Smith argues that this model is not true structured concurrency as the programming language is unaware of the joining behavior, and is thus unable to enforce safety.

The concept was formulated in 2016 by Martin Sústrik (a developer of ZeroMQ) with his C library libdill, with goroutines as a starting point. It was further refined in 2017 by Nathaniel J. Smith, who introduced a "nursery pattern" in his Python implementation called Trio. Meanwhile, Roman Elizarov independently came upon the same ideas while developing an experimental coroutine library for the Kotlin language, which later became a standard library.

In 2021, Swift adopted structured concurrency. Later that year, a draft proposal was published to add structured concurrency to Java.

Variations 
A major point of variation is how an error in one member of a concurrent thread tree is handled.  Simple implementations will merely wait until the children and siblings of the failing thread run to completion before propagating the error to the parent scope.  However, that could take an indefinite amount of time.  The alternative is to employ a general cancellation mechanism (typically a cooperative scheme allowing program invariants to be honored) to terminate the children and sibling threads in an expedient manner.

See also 
 Structured programming

References

External links
 Notes on structured concurrency, or: Go statement considered harmful by Nathaniel J. Smith
 Structured concurrency forum, cross-computer-language discussion of structured concurrency with participation by Sústrik, Smith, and Elizarov
 FOSDEM 2019: Structured Concurrency, lightning talk by Martin Sustrik with links to some implementations

Programming paradigms
Concurrent computing
George Robert Graham Conway. George Robert Graham Conway (1873–1951) was a civil engineer and a historian of Mexico. He is particularly known for his researches on Englishmen and the Mexican Inquisition (though the subjects were not all English).

Biography
G. R. G. Conway was born in Southampton, and educated at Taunton's School and Hartley University College, both in Southampton. After completing his engineering training he worked as assistant to James Mansergh and then became Resident Engineer to the City of Aberdeen in 1895. He worked in Monterrey, Mexico from 1907–1910, in British Columbia, Canada, from 1910–1916, and in Mexico City from 1916 until he retired in 1942. He died in Mexico City on 20 May 1951
.

Engineering Work
In Aberdeen, Conway worked on the Girdleness Outfall Scheme, and on the rebuilding of the Union Bridge. In Monterrey he developed the Water-Works and Sewerage systems. In Canada, he worked on the Coquitlam-Buntzen hydro-electric scheme.

Mexican History
Conway spent much of his spare time, and much of his own money, in researching the early colonial history of Mexico. He transcribed and translated great quantities of material from the Mexican archives, much of it relating to the inquisition. He was particularly interested in the fate of the English seamen captured by the Spanish and turned over to the inquisition, though individuals of other nationalities also figure in the records. He made gifts and bequests of his material to several libraries. James Williamson commented on the value of Conway's compilations of Hispanic material as complementing the English sources.

Other interests
In 1923 Conway published a short book on the cartoonist Ernesto García Cabral "for the amusement of friends".

Conway became acquainted with D.H. Lawrence in Mexico City in 1925, and there is correspondences concerning Lawrences's novel The Plumed Serpent and his illness in Oaxaca.

References

1873 births
1951 deaths
Alumni of the University of Southampton
English civil engineers
Historians of Mexico
British expatriates in Mexico
People from Southampton
Rohan Joshi. Rohan Joshi is a YouTuber. He was one of founding members of the creative agency All India Bakchod. Joshi scripted and starred in several YouTube sketches for All India Bakchod, and was one of the co-creators of the satirical news comedy show On Air with AIB. Now, he runs his own YouTube channel and makes reaction videos with Tanmay Bhat and Nishant Tanwar.

Early life and education
Joshi attended K J Somaiya College of Engineering, but eventually dropped out. He attended Jai Hind College and subsequently worked as a journalist for a period of time. Before working for CNBC and Times Now, Joshi also attended Asian College of Journalism, Chennai, where he received his postgraduate diploma in broadcast journalism.

Career
In the late 2000s, Joshi was a contributor to JLT, a humour magazine based in Mumbai. In addition to performing across India, Joshi served as a humour columnist for several publications including Mid-Day. In 2011, he performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. In 2011 and 2012, he co-wrote the Filmfare awards. In addition, he has performed in over 250 shows. Joshi spent a couple of years at Vir Das's comedy platform Weirdass, writing live comedy shows with Tanmay Bhat and Ashish Shakya. With Gursimran Khamba, they co-wrote television scripts and jokes for MTV, Channel V, and the Filmfare Awards. In 2013, the four started the SoundCloud podcast All India Bakchod (AIB). Joshi scripted and starred in several YouTube sketches for All India Bakchod, and was a co-creator of the satirical news comedy show On Air with AIB. Following controversy and sexual misconduct allegations against AIB members, the comedy company ceased operating in 2018.

In April 2019, Joshi confirmed that he was working on an hour-long stand-up comedy special for Amazon Prime Video. On 10 January 2020, Joshi's special Wake And Bake was released on Amazon Prime Video.

Controversies 
Joshi's tweet over comedian Raju Srivastav's death caused widespread outrage on Twitter. He later deleted his tweet.

Filmography

See also 
 List of Indian comedians
 List of stand-up comedians

References

External links 

1983 births
Living people
Indian stand-up comedians
Anderson's theorem (superconductivity). In the field of superconductivity, Anderson's theorem states that superconductivity in a conventional superconductor is robust with respect to (non-magnetic) disorder in the host material. It is named after P. W. Anderson, who discussed this phenomenon in 1959, briefly after BCS theory was introduced.

One consequence of Anderson's theorem is that the critical temperature Tc of a conventional superconductor barely depends on material purity, or more generally on defects. This concept breaks down in the case of very strong disorder, e.g. close to a superconductor-insulator transition. Also, it does not apply to unconventional superconductors. In fact, strong suppression of Tc with increasing defect scattering, thus non-validity of Anderson's theorem, is taken as a strong indication for superconductivity being unconventional.

References

Superconductivity
MV Agusta RVS 1. The MV Agusta RVS#1 is a limited-edition motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer MV Agusta. This machine is the first product of MV Agusta's “Reparto Veicoli Speciali” (RVS) (Special Vehicles Operations) department, and a reinterpretation of the MV Agusta Dragster. It is powered by a 150 bhp (110 kW) version of the company's 800 cc three-cylinder engine. The machines are all hand assembled and went on sale in 2019.

Background
MV Agusta's CEO, Giovanni Castiglioni, set up a new division, the RVS, to design special and premium models. The first project was a reinterpretation of the Dragster.  The machine was designed in conjunction with the C.R.C. (Castiglioni Research Centre) who provided the engineering expertise.

Technical details

Engine
The 799 cc engine, originally designed by Ezio Mascheroni and first fitted to the F3, uses a DOHC inline three-cylinder layout with four valves per cylinder. A counter-rotating (reverse) crankshaft is used, which counteracts the centripetal forces of the wheels allowing the bike to turn faster. The bore and stroke are 79 mm and 54.3 mm.

Modified to meet the Euro4 European emission standards and tuned to produce 150 bhp (110 kW) at 12.800 rpm, the engine is the most powerful triple in the MV range. Power is fed through a six speed gearbox via a hydraulic slipper clutch. The gearbox is fitted with a quickshifter.

Cycle parts
As is usual for MV Agusta the frame is constructed of chrome-molybdenum tubing with an aluminium swinging arm mounts, and the engine acts as a stressed member. Marzocchi “Upside down” front forks are fitted which have a DLC (diamond like carbon) coating to reduce wear. The single sided swinging arms is controlled by a fully adjustable Sachs shock absorber.

The front brakes use distinctive SunstarBraking Batfly twin discs and Brembo radial 4-pot calipers with a single 2-pot Brembo caliper on the rear. Wheels are from Kineo with red highlights to the wire spokes.

Carbon fibre is used for many of the bodywork component. The tank has titanium inserts and the seat has a honeycomb stitched pattern with the bike's signature skull on it. A round LED headlight is fitted, the LED pattern changing with the angle of lean of the bike to provide optimum illumination. Two spotlights are also fitted on the side of the engine.

By the use of carbon fibre and titanium, the machine's weight had been reduced by 8 kg compared to the Dragster, to 160 kg.

Electronics
The machine is equipped with a full electronics suite. An LCD dashboard controls the MVICS system (Motor & Vehicle Integrated Control System), which includes an Eldor ECU, Mikuni ride by wire, traction control, Quickshifter EAS 2.0 and Bosch 9 Plus ABS with RLM (Rear wheel Lift-up Mitigation). The system offers many user-control settings.

References

External links
 MV Agusta official website
 
 

RVS 1
Motorcycles introduced in 2019
Hermann Brandl. Hermann Brandl (1896 - 24 March 1947), also known as Otto Brandl, was a German engineer and intelligence officer during the Second World War.

Life

Born in Bavaria, he became an engineer and set up home in Brussels, where he began his intelligence career. A month after setting up an Abwehr branch at the Hôtel Lutetia in occupied Paris in June 1940, Colonel Friedrich Rudolf summoned Brandl there and made him head of the offices financing and protecting agents.

Known as Abwehrstelle or Ast, the Abwehr had bases in the occupied zone of France at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Angers, Bordeaux and Dijon. By spring 1941 it was a success, employing 400 people. Everything was done without bills, without knowing the name of the seller or the origin of the goods. The transactions were made in cash. When southern France was also occupied in November 1942, three new bases were set up in Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse. Hermann Göring asked to seize everything he could possibly steal by using or setting up black markets.

From the paintings he bought on the black market or seized 15 were rediscovered in a private house in Kölblöd near Music in 1949. They included two authenticated Alfred Sisleys, Avenue of Poplars near Moret-sur-Loing and The Small Meadows at By, Stormy Weather and from Claude Monets, Still Life with Pheasant. Brandl was arrested in Munich on 6 August 1945 and imprisoned at Stadelheim. He was discovered hanged in his cell on 24 March 1947.

References

1896 births
1947 suicides
1947 deaths
Military personnel from Bavaria
German people who died in prison custody
Suicides by hanging in Germany
Engineers from Bavaria
Abwehr personnel of World War II
People who died by suicide in prison custody
Prisoners who died in German detention
Ville Topias Pulkki. Ville Topias Pulkki (born May 10, 1969) is a Finnish acoustics researcher and professor at Aalto University 2015–.

Education 
Pulkki studied at the Helsinki University of Technology, where he obtained a Master of Science in Technology in 1994, and a Doctor of Science in Technology in 2001.

Career
Pulkki has received funding for his research from, for example, European Research Council (ERC), Fraunhofer institut and Academy of Finland.  Pulkki is a fellow member of the Audio Engineering Society.  In 2014, Pulkki was awarded the Samuel L. Warner Memorial Medal for his significant research work surround and multichannel audio. 

Pulkki was appointed docent of spatial sound at Aalto University in 2007–2012, an assistant professor in 2012–2015 and a professor in 2015. 

Pulkki has co-authored Communication Acoustics with Matti Karjalainen textbook Communication Acoustics: An Introduction to Speech, Audio and Psychoacoustics (2015), published by John Wiley & Sons.

Awards and honors 
 Audio Engineering Society Fellow (2010) 
 Samuel L. Warner Memorial Medal (2014). Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) The award is given of outstanding contributions in the field of spatial sound reproduction and multi-channel audio rendering 
 AES Silver Medal (2017) Exceptional contributions in the understanding and development of spatial audio techniques

Selected publications

References 

1969 births
People from Jyväskylä
Finnish inventors
Academic staff of Aalto University
Living people
Hyundai Space and Aircraft. Hyundai Space and Aircraft Co., Ltd. (HYSA; ) was a subsidiary of Hyundai Group's aerospace division established in March 1994. Its main business areas were industrial machinery and plant facilities, industrial robots, manufacturing spacecraft and aircraft and parts, air transport, and auto parts manufacturing and sales. In July 1995, it was designated as a defense contractor by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE).

History 
In August 1994, it was selected as the company responsible for the development of the power system of the KOMPSAT (Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite) program.

In July 1995, it was designated as the main defense contractor by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

In February 1996, it signed a contract to produce the main wing of the Boeing 717.

In July 1997, it took over the transmission manufacturing business from Hyundai Engineering & Construction.

In 1999, after separating the aircraft business as part of the restructuring, it invested in kind in the Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI).

In December 2001, the corporation was disestablished after transferring the helicopter operation and aircraft parts production business to Korea Aerospace Industries.

References

External links 

Aerospace companies of South Korea
Aircraft manufacturers of South Korea
Manufacturing companies of South Korea
Companies based in Seoul
Manufacturing companies established in 1994
South Korean companies established in 1994
1999 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of South Korea
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2001
South Australian Railways N class. The South Australian Railways N Class locomotives were built in 1881 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the South Australian Railways (S.A.R.). They were rebuilt in 1904, which vastly improved their performance and completely changed their look from a typical American locomotive of the time to a more British one.

History
The N class locomotives, along with two O class engines, were imported from Baldwin Locomotive Works in the United States, for the South Australian Railways. The two O class units were essentially goods engines, but the N class locomotives were made for working passenger trains on the new "Intercolonial Railway", which ran through the Adelaide Hills. They were the first to be fitted with bogie tenders. When they were originally brought into service in 1881, they were allocated to run passenger and mixed trains between Adelaide and Kapunda. On 14 March 1883, N class locomotive No. 52 was rostered to haul the train, with the State Governor on board, to officially open the line between Adelaide and Aldgate. With a great deal of difficulty, it managed to haul the train to Blackwood, where it finally broke down. Later that day, it eventually finished the trip to Aldgate, with only the Vice-Regal and Ministerial carriages attached.

N class locomotives continued to run services through the Adelaide Hills and on some occasions worked to Strathalbyn. In 1904, both N classes were rebuilt at Islington Railway Workshops, which completely changed their appearance from the classic American design of that period to a more conventional British outline. Along with the rebuilding, the locomotives also got new bogie tenders. After they were rebuilt, the primary duty of the N class was hauling livestock trains between Adelaide and Terowie. Though the N class locomotives were then capable of fulfilling the duties of the Rx class locomotives, they still worked on livestock trains. The rebuilt N class roamed their way around the S.A.R. system until both were withdrawn in the mid 1920s.

References

Broad gauge locomotives in Australia
N
Baldwin locomotives
4-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1881