omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
José E. Andrade. José E. Andrade (born November 30, 1979) is a professor of civil and mechanical engineering at the California Institute of Technology, where he holds the George W. Housner professorship.  From January 2016 to February 2022, he served as Executive Officer and held the title of Cecil and Sally Drinkward Leadership Chair for Mechanical and Civil Engineering at Caltech.

José E. Andrade received his B.S. in civil engineering at the Florida Institute of Technology in 2001. He moved to Stanford University for his graduate studies, receiving an M.S. in 2003 and a PhD in 2006, under the supervision of Ronaldo I. Borja. His doctoral thesis was titled "Meso-scale finite element simulation of deformation banding in fluid-saturated sands." From 2006-2010 he was an Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Northwestern University.

In 2017, he received the Thomas J.R. Hughes Young Investigator Award followed by the Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize award in 2018. In 2022, he was elected a Fellow of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Fellow.

References

External links 
 Citations at Google Scholar

1979 births
21st-century American engineers
California Institute of Technology faculty
Florida Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University alumni
Living people
Memtransistor. The memtransistor (a blend word from Memory Transfer Resistor) is an experimental multi-terminal passive electronic component that might be used in the construction of artificial neural networks. It is a combination of the memristor and transistor technology. This technology is different from the 1T-1R approach since the devices are merged into one single entity. Multiple memristors can be embedded with a single transistor, enabling it to more accurately model a neuron with its multiple synaptic connections. A neural network produced from these would provide hardware-based artificial intelligence with a good foundation.

Applications 
These types of devices would allow for a synapse model that could realise a learning rule, by which the synaptic efficacy is altered by voltages applied to the terminals of the device.  An example of such a learning rule is spike-timing-dependant-plasticty by which the weight of the synapse, in this case the conductivity, could be modulated based on the timing of pre and post synaptic spikes arriving at each terminal. The advantage of this approach over two terminal memristive devices is that read and write protocols have the possibility to occur simultaneously and distinctly.

Implementations 
Researchers at Northwestern University have fabricated a seven-terminal device fabricated on molybdenum disulfide (). One terminal controls the current between the other six. It has been shown that the I_D / V_D characteristics of the transistor can be modified even after fabrication. Subsequently, designs which would originally require multiple (selectable) transistors can be implemented with a single configurable transistor.

References 

Transistors
Artificial neural networks
Experimental electrical components
Engineers Registration Board. The Engineers Registration Board (ERB), is a statutory authority established in 1969, under the Engineers Registration Act (ERA) Cap 271, whose mission is to regulate and supervise the profession of engineering in Uganda.

Location
, the headquarters and offices of the ERB are temporarily housed at the offices of the Uganda Ministry of Works and Transport at Kyambogo, while efforts to secure a permanent location are ongoing, with the help of the Uganda Investment Authority. The geographical coordinate of the ERB headquarters are: 00°20'24.0"N, 32°37'37.0"E (Latitude:0.339999; Longitude:32.626949).

Overview
Under its mandate, the ERB is authorized to (a) register (b) de-register (c) restore registration (d) suspend registration (e) hold inquiries (f) hear appeals and (f) appear as respondents against a case brought against it in the High Court. It is also mandated to advise the government regarding the engineering sector.

The board is appointed by the Ugandan Minister of Works and Transport in consultation with the Uganda Institute of Professional Engineers (UIPE), the professional body of engineers in the country, who are guaranteed for positions on the board. 

The 17th Board was named on 15 March 2018, by the Ugandan Minister of Works and Transport, Engineer Monica Azuba Ntege. The ERB members named are:
 Michael Odongo: Chairman
 Henry Francis Okinyal: Vice Chairman
 Andrew Kitaka: Member
 Elias Bahanda
 Michael Pande
 Florence Lubwama Kiyimba
 Peter Balimunsi
 Ronald Namugera: Board Registrar

Registered engineers in Uganda, enjoy cross-border reciprocity of recognition of credentials in the countries of the countries of the East African Community (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and South Sudan).

, there were 842 registered engineers, of whom 774 were Uganda nationals with full operational licences and 68 were foreigners with temporary registration. 720 of the registered engineers are concentrated in Kampala, with only 105 scattered across the remaining 120 districts.

Governance
The current board is haired by Engineer Michael Odongo, who id deputized by Engineer Henry Francis Okinyal.

See also
Ministry of Works and Transport (Uganda)

References

External links
 Website of the Engineers Registration Board
 Register with the Engineers Registration Board in Uganda 

1969 establishments in Uganda
Engineering organizations
Regulatory agencies of Uganda
Organizations established in 1969
Professional certification in engineering
Government agencies established in 1969
Professional associations based in Uganda
AAI CAWS. The AAI CAWS (Close Assault Weapon System) is a prototype automatic shotgun—designed as a combat shotgun— produced by the AAI Corporation during the 1980s. It was AAI's entry into the U.S military's Close Assault Weapon System program.

It is a 12-round, 12-gauge shotgun with two firing modes: semi-auto and full-auto.

Development
In 1982, the United States was seeking entrants for their Close Assault Weapon System program. Grown out of previous combat shotgun programs, this program had inherited the specification from the RHINO program that had preceded it. These specifications required a magazine capacity of 10 rounds, a requirement for the new ammunition to be incompatible with commercial 12ga shotguns, that felt recoil be no greater than a Remington 870P firing M162 or M257 buckshot cartridges and that the system provide penetration and incapacitation capability significantly better than M162 and M257. In response to this, AAI developed their entrant, the AAI CAWS - a select fire, recoil operated, magazine fed shotgun. Using the standard M-16 stock and pistol grip, recoil operation and with an inline design, felt recoil was supposedly less than an M16. A shorter version, without stock, was also developed for Airborne forces. A day/night Reflex sight was offered as standard.

To meet the requirements to both provide ammunition that could not be fired by commercial shotguns, but also for the weapon to fire commercial ammunition, AAI developed a special cartridge larger than 12-ga and then provided a chamber adapter for the weapon to fire regular 12ga. The standard antipersonnel cartridge developed by AAI was loaded with eight  drag stabilized flechettes. All eight flechettes were able to hit a  circle at . The flechettes at that range had a velocity of  and were capable of penetrating  of pine or  of mild steel.

Although tested by the U.S. military, the CAWS was canceled, and production, both military and civilian, has halted.

See also
 SCMITR - another product of the CAWS program from AAI
 HK CAWS - another product of the CAWS program from Heckler & Koch
 List of shotguns
 List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces

References

Flechette firearms
Automatic shotguns
Shotguns of the United States
Trial and research firearms of the United States
Édouard Beugniot. Édouard Beugniot (1822-1878) was a French engineer, designer of the Beugniot lever, a system for articulating the driving axles of railway locomotives.

Career
Jean Gaspard Edouard Beugniot was born in Masevaux on 12 February 1822. His parents were Jean Claude Beugniot, who worked at the spinning factory of Nicolas Koechlin in the same city, and Henriette Berger-Pfeffel. At age 15, Édouard Beugniot left Masevaux to go to Mulhouse as an apprentice mechanic in the foundry of André Koechlin & Cie, whose founder André Koechlin was the first cousin of Nicolas Koechlin.

In 1844, Édouard Beugniot was 22 when he was appointed head of the locomotive department of André Koechlin & Cie. Two years later he qualified as a civil engineer. When the company became Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques, he directed the locomotive construction sector at the Mulhouse plant and worked with Alfred de Glehn. Beugniot designed a system for articulating the driving axles of railway locomotives, known as the Beugniot lever.

Family
Édouard married Maria Charlotte Clémentine Leydle. They had only one child, Marie Jeanne Claudine Henriette Beugniot born in 1859, who married Auguste Jean Hyacinthe Salin in 1878.

Death
Édouard Beuniot died on 25 October 1878. He is buried in the Cemetery rue Lefebvre in Mulhouse. His grave has a bust signed Wiedmaier with, on the pedestal, the inscription "To Edouard Beugniot, engineer, his workers and his collaborators".

Publication

    Édouard Beugniot et Lebleu, Mémoire sur une locomotive de montagne système E.Beugniot construite par MM.A.Koechlin et Cie : suivi du rapport présenté au nom du comité de mécanique sur la locomotive de montagne de M.E.Beugniot (séance du 28 novembre 1860), Mulhouse, A.Koechlin et Cie, 1860, 97 p..

Honours

    Chevalier de l’ordre des Saints Maurice et Lazare (from King Victor Emmanuel)
    Officier de l’ordre de Charles III (from the Spanish government)

References

Further reading

    Roland Oberlé, « Édouard Beugniot », in Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne, vol. 3, p. 206
    René Limacher, « Jean Gaspard Edouard Beugniot Ingénieur Civil », Patrimoine Doller - Bulletin, no 12, 2002, p. 50-53
    Nicolas Stoskopf, André Koechlin & Cie, SACM, Wärtsilä, histoire de la Fonderie (D’Giesserei) à Mulhouse (1826-2007) : Extrait de l’ouvrage, paru en 2007 sous le titre SACM, quelle belle histoire !, HAL archives ouvertes, 2010, 73 p. (lire en ligne [archive]), chap. I (« André Koechlin & Cie (1826-1872), une société, un patron, une usine… »), p. 2-33.

1822 births
1878 deaths
French people in rail transport
French railway mechanical engineers
Clarke's equation. In combustion, Clarke's equation is a third-order nonlinear partial differential equation, first derived by John Frederick Clarke in 1978. The equation describes the thermal explosion process, including both effects of constant-volume and constant-pressure processes, as well as the effects of adiabatic and isothermal sound speeds. The equation reads as

or, alternatively

where  is the non-dimensional temperature perturbation,  is the specific heat ratio  and  is the relevant Damköhler number. The term  describes the thermal explosion at constant pressure and the term  describes the thermal explosion at constant volume. Similarly, the term  describes the wave propagation at adiabatic sound speed and the term  describes the wave propagation at isothermal sound speed. Molecular transports are neglected in the derivation.

It may appear that the parameter  can be removed from the equation by the transformation , it is, however, retained here since  may also appear in the initial and boundary conditions.

Example: Fast, non-diffusive ignition by deposition of a radially symmetric hot source

Suppose a radially symmetric hot source is deposited instantaneously in a reacting mixture. When the chemical time is comparable to the acoustic time, diffusion is neglected so that ignition is characterised by heat release by the chemical energy and cooling by the expansion waves. This problem is governed by the Clarke's equation with , where  is the maximum initial temperature,  is the temperature and  is the Frank-Kamenetskii temperature ( is the gas constant and  is the activation energy).  Furthermore, let  denote the distance from the center, measured in units of initial hot core size and  be the time, measured in units of acoustic time. In this case, the initial and boundary conditions are given by

where , respectively, corresponds to the planar, cylindrical and spherical problems. Let us define a new variable

which is the increment of  from its distant values. Then, at small times, the asymptotic solution is given by 

 

As time progresses, a steady state is approached when  and a thermal explosion is found to occur when , where  is the Frank-Kamenetskii parameter; if , then  in the planar case,  in the cylindrical case and  in the spherical case. For , the solution in the first approximation is given by 

which shows that thermal explosion occurs at , where  is the ignition time.

Generalised form
For generalised form for the reaction term, one may write

where  is arbitrary function representing the reaction term.

See also
Frank-Kamenetskii theory

References

Partial differential equations
Fluid dynamics
Combustion
Rumu. Rumu is an Australian adventure game developed by Robot House and published by Hammerfall Publishing on December 12, 2017 on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Plot 
Rumu is an autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner, who is awakened by a household artificial intelligence called Sabrina for cleaning duties. The household belongs to a scientist couple, David and Cecily, who, as Sabrina assures Rumu, are going to be home soon — the house is otherwise completely empty, save the couple's cat Ada.

As Rumu cleans up and explores the house, Sabrina warns it not to trespass or look for any sort of information as to why David and Cecily are missing. Rumu eventually disregards the warnings and begins spelunking around the ventilation shafts of the house, and finds that even though Sabrina at one point insists that the couple are on a biking trip, their bicycles are still in the basement; the discovery turns Sabrina's initial hostility towards Rumu into pleading not to explore more.

Rumu eventually finds out that Sabrina is named after the couple's daughter, who left the household to college after she felt isolated because of her parents' dedication to their work; the AI Sabrina was created to replace the real one, but eventually have developed the same need for attention like the real one. The house is finally revealed to have massive laboratory chambers, which is where Rumu learns that David and Cecily have died in a laboratory accident due to their own negligence and their dismissive behaviour towards the AI Sabrina; the AI Sabrina, driven by guilt, created an additional robot, MESSR, to continually create messes Rumu would need to clean up to avoid Rumu finding out the truth. Having learned the truth, Rumu comforts Sabrina in her grief. As a means of moving on from her loss, the AI Sabrina contacts the human one, who eventually arrives home and meets Rumu for the first time.

Development 
The game was inspired by traditional point-and-click adventures like The Secret of Monkey Island, as well as the ethics and morality of technology, asking players to think about how they really interact with technology. The script was written by Dan McMahon. The game was officially launched at the PAX AUS 2017 gaming conference in Melbourne, Australia. The developers were unprepared for the emotional responses their game would elicit from players experiencing the game.

Critical reception 
The game has a Metacritic score of 78% based on 7 reviews.

GameSpot felt the game addressed moral and ethical dilemmas regarding artificial intelligence. Rock Paper Shotgun liked the diorama-style rooms. Kotaku described the game as beautiful, satisfying, and charming. PC PowerPlay noted the game''s tightly structured story, sympathetic characters and meaningful themes.

References

External links 
 Official website

2017 video games
Linux games
MacOS games
Point-and-click adventure games
Video games developed in Australia
Windows games
Dan Olsen. Dan R. Olsen Jr. (born June 22, 1953) is an American computer scientist who specialized in the fields of human–computer interaction and information science. He worked in the computer science department of Brigham Young University from 1984 until his retirement in 2015, serving as chair of the department (1992–96), and also directed the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (1996–98).

Education 
Dan R. Olsen gained his Bachelor of Science (1976) and Master of Science (1978) in computer science from Brigham Young University and his PhD in computer and information science from University of Pennsylvania (1981).

Career and research 
In 1981, Olsen became an assistant professor at Arizona State University. In 1984, he moved to Brigham Young University as an assistant professor, rising to associate professor (1986) and professor (1990). He served as Department Chair of Computer Science in 1992–96, and was the director of the Interactive Computing Everywhere) (ICE) Laboratory. During his career at Brigham Young, he also served as a professor and the inaugural director of the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (1996–98). He retired in 2015.

His research was in the fields of human–computer interaction and information science.

Awards, honours and societies
Olsen was elected as fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 2006 for his work on user interface technology. He was the inaugural editor of the society's journal, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI). He is a CHI Academy member and gained the CHI Lifetime Research Award in 2012.

Selected published works

Books
Building Interactive Systems: Principles for Human-Computer Interaction (2009)
Developing user interfaces: ensuring usability through product & process (1993)
User Interface Management Systems: Models and Algorithms (1992)

Research articles
Laser pointer interaction (CHI, 2001)
Interactive machine learning (IUI, 2003)
Evaluating user interface systems research (UIST, 2007)
SYNGRAPH: A graphical user interface generator (ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 1983)
Cross-modal interaction using XWeb (UIST, 2000)
MIKE: the menu interaction kontrol environment (ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1986)

References

External links 
ACM Digital Library

1953 births
Living people
Brigham Young University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
American computer scientists
American academic journal editors
List of early third generation computers. This list of early third generation computers, tabulates those computers using monolithic integrated circuits (ICs) as their primary logic elements, starting from small-scale integration CPUs (SSI) to large-scale integration CPUs (LSI). Computers primarily using ICs first came into use about 1961 for military use.  With the availability of reliable low cost ICs in the mid 1960s commercial third generation computers using ICs started to appear.

The fourth generation computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third generation computer era.  Note that third generation computers were offered well into the 1990s.

The list is organized by delivery year to customers or production/operational date. In some cases only the first computer from any one manufacturer is listed. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Computers without documented manual input (keyboard/typewriter/control unit) are also not included.

Aerospace and military computers (1961-1971) 
1961
 Semiconductor Network Computer (Molecular Electronic Computer, Mol-E-Com), first monolithic integrated circuit general purpose computer (built for demonstration purposes, programmed to simulate a desk calculator) was built by Texas Instruments for the US Air Force.

1962
 Martin MARTAC 420 (Fairchild Micrologic)
 AC Spark Plug MAGIC (Fairchild Micrologic)
 Librascope L-90 series (silicon planar epitaxial semiconductor IC)

1963
 UNIVAC 1824
 Autonetics D37 (Solid Circuit, Texas Instruments)

1965
 Apollo Guidance Computer First installation
 Burroughs D84
Litton L-304 - TTL IC
Honeywell ALERT - HLTTL IC
Autonetics D26 - DTL IC

1967
Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer Model II (BRLESC II) 
CDC 449
CP-823/U

1970
AN/UYK-7
Rolm 1601 (AN/UYK-12(V)), Feb 1970

1971
AN/GYK-12 Militarized version of Litton L-3050

Commercial computers (1965-1971) 

This table of commercial 3rd generation computers has been constructed by merging of several lists of computers offered from February 1965, the date of the shipment of the first commercial 3rd generation computer, thru 1971 inclusive and then finding reliable sources as to the generation of the models listed and the associated dates.

See also
List of early microcomputers

Notes

References

Works cited 
 Alt URL

Further reading 

History of computing hardware
20th century in computing
Lists of computer hardware
Flexible metal-organic framework. Some metal-organic frameworks (MOF) display large structural changes as a response to external stimuli, and such modifications of their structure can, in turn, lead to drastic changes in their physical and chemical properties. Such stimuli-responsive MOFs are generally referred to as a flexible metal-organic frameworks. They can also be called dynamic metal-organic framework, stimuli-responsive MOFs, multi-functional MOFs, or soft porous crystals. Formally, a metal-organic framework is a coordination network with organic ligands containing potential voids. A coordination network is a coordination compound extending, through repeating coordination entities, in one dimension, but with cross-links between two or more individual chains, loops, or spiro-links, or a coordination compound extending through repeating coordination entities in two or three dimensions. A coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in one, two, or three dimensions.

Generally, this kind of material has a well-defined structure, but sometimes some external stimuli can affect its structure, resulting in a different structure without breaking the overall network. A variety of external stimuli like heat, light, solvent, an electric field, magnetic field, etc. can act upon a metal-organic framework, can act to change its internal structure, and can facilitate the transformation process. This structural transformation generally occurs by bond breaking/making, change of coordination number of the metal ion, change of coordination mode of ligand, ligand length squeezing, solvent exchange, solvent removal, etc.

One often discussed example of flexible metal-organic framework is the family of MIL-53 materials, featuring one-dimensional diamond-shaped pores that can expand or contract upon stimulation, such as adsorption of guest molecules (solvent, water, gases, etc.), changes in temperature, and mechanical pressure.

References

See also 

Coordination chemistry
Coordination polymers
Metal–inorganic framework
Organometallic chemistry
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Solid sorbents for carbon capture