omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
TEX (explosive). TEX (chemical name 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane) is a dense (ρ = 1.985 g cm−3) nitramine high explosive, that derives from the very powerful and sensitive high explosive CL-20. Though related to CL-20 in that is shares the same cage structure, TEX is more easily synthesized in good yield from inexpensive starting materials. Unlike CL-20, TEX is friction insensitive, bears a low impact sensitivity, and possesses a very low shock sensitivity and large critical diameter, making it an interesting explosive filler for insensitive munitions. Its systematic name, 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane derives from its tetracyclic structure.

Synthesis and production
Unlike CL-20, which requires a cumbersome and even costly procedure, TEX is obtained in moderate yield (40 wt.-%) in a one-pot synthesis from 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine (DFTHP) and mixed acid (H2SO4/HNO3). The DFTHP undergoes proton-catalyzed hydrolysis and yields glyoxal which reacts as with an intermediate to give TEX.

Performance
Based on the Kamlet-Jacobs method, the formal idealistic detonation of TEX

C6H6N4O8 → 3 H2O(g) + 2CO2 + CO + 3 C(gr) + 2 N2

at ambient temperature and density of TEX (1.985 g/cm3) yields a detonation velocity of 8170 m/s and a CJ pressure of 31.4 GPa. Calculations with advanced computational algorithms like EXPLO and CHEETAH predict even higher detonation velocity but about similar values for the detonation pressure, definitely superseding insensitive high explosive NTO. Experimental determination with plastic bonded formulations  at high theoretical maximum density exceed the predicted detonation pressures but fall a little short with regards to the detonation velocity if the charge diameter is below 90 mm.

Sensitivity
TEX is not friction sensitive and requires some 40 Joules energy to react in the BAM impact tester. In the autoignition test it yields a mild burn response at 252 °C onset temperature. TEX is also mildly shock sensitive in the Large Scale Gap Test (LSGT).

Toxicity 
TEX has a similar water solubility as RDX and hence will be equally mobile in soil and groundwater. However, in comparison to insensitive explosive NTO, which is highly soluble in water (16 g/L), it should pose a lower level of concern when considering the environmental effects of unexploded or partially exploded charges.  Preliminary investigation of the effects of TEX on daphnia and cell cultures show slightly lower toxicity than RDX.

Application
Though known since 1990, TEX is still an experimental explosive. However, given its large critical diameter and low shock sensitivity, it is an ideal candidate for insensitive large-calibre ammunition such as general-purpose bombs, artillery shells, torpedoes and depth charges.

See also
Insensitive munition
RE factor

References

Explosive chemicals
Nitroamines
Nitrogen heterocycles
ABS-3A. ABS-3A is a communications satellite operated by ABS (formerly known as Asia Broadcast Satellite), providing coverage in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at 3° West, and offers C and Ku-band payload capacity to support video, data, mobility and government applications. The satellite is the first commercial communications satellite in orbit to use electric propulsion, providing a significant weight savings.

Manufacture and specifications 

The satellite was designed and manufactured by Boeing, and is a Boeing 702SP model communication satellite. It will be located at 3 degrees West longitude. It was launched on board a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on 2 March 2015 (UTC time).

The satellite is propelled solely by electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, with the on-board thrusters used for both geostationary orbit insertion and station keeping.

The satellite is based on the Boeing 702 satellite bus, and was launched along with Eutelsat 115 West B, which is based on the same bus. The satellite had a launch mass of .

The satellite utilizes three C-band beams and four Ku-band beams. The C-band beams cover the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Additionally, the C-band can be used globally. The Ku-band beams extend across Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and South Africa, as well as providing further coverage of the Americas.

Launch 

The launch occurred on March 2, 2015 at 03:50 UTC and the satellite has been deployed in the planned supersynchronous transfer orbit.

The launch is also notable for being the first flight of Boeing's stacked satellite configuration for the Boeing 702SP,
a configuration Boeing designed specifically to take advantage of the SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 capabilities.

On-orbit operations
The satellite became fully operational as a geosynchronous communications satellite by 10 September 2015 after a handover from Boeing to ABS for on-orbit operations on 31 August 2015, approximately one month earlier than planned.

See also

 List of Falcon 9 launches

References

External links 

 ABS/Eutelsat-1 Launch, Fact Sheet, SpaceX, 26 February 2015. (pdf)
 ABS 3A coverage maps as files.
 ABS 3A coverage maps on Google Maps.
 ABS 3A online tracking.

Satellites using the BSS-702 bus
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Satellite television
SpaceX commercial payloads
Spacecraft launched in 2015
3D Print Canal House. The 3D Print Canal House is a three-year, publicly accessible "Research & Design by Doing" project in which an international team of partners from various sectors works together on 3D printing a canal house in Amsterdam.

By building the house, all parties research the possibilities of 3D printing architecture and form connections between design, science, culture, building, software, communities and the city.  The project serves as both an exhibition of 3D printing technology, as well as a research site into 3D printing architecture. The project is initiated by DUS architects and the site, in Amsterdam North, opened to the public on March 1, 2014.

Kamermaker 
The house is constructed by a fused deposition modeling printer developed by DUS: the Kamermaker ("Room builder"), able to print elements of up to 2.2×2.2×3.5 metres. It is a movable pavilion with the size of a shipping container. The machine itself is 6 meters tall. The Kamermaker can be moved by truck or by ship.

See also
 Construction 3D printing

References

Canal house
Houses in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures in Amsterdam
2014 establishments in the Netherlands
Building research
Building engineering
No 5 dumb hopper barge. No 5 dumb hopper barge, since being scuttled known as  the No. 5 Barge, Zanoni Barge and Ardrossan Barge,  was a hopper barge which was built in 1911 at Balmain in New South Wales by Poole & Steel for the then Marine Board of South Australia, an agency of the Government of South Australia.  She was part of a fleet of vessels used to dredge the shipping approaches to Port Adelaide and other ports in South Australia.  Her specific role was to hold spoil from the dredging process and convey it under tow to a dumping site. In 1978, she became redundant after the purchase of two self-propelled barges.

Following the prohibition of access to the waters within  of the historic wrecksite of Zanoni, the barge was scuttled during the week ending 13 April 1984 about  south east of Ardrossan in Gulf St Vincent in South Australia in order to create an artificial reef available for recreational fishing use.  The scuttling site, an official ship's graveyard, is located at .

See also
List of shipwrecks of Australia
List of shipwrecks in 1984
Ship graveyard

References

External links
“Snapper fishing Ardrossan South Australia.MP4” published on Jan 17, 2013

Barges
Ships built in Australia
1911 ships
Maritime incidents in 1984
Ships sunk as artificial reefs
Scuttled vessels
Ships of South Australia
Shipwrecks of South Australia
Gulf St Vincent
Rodley Nature Reserve. The Rodley Nature Reserve is a wetland reserve created in 1999 on the site of a former sewage works on the outskirts of Rodley, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. It is situated just north of Town Street on the north bank of the River Aire.

History
In 1992 Yorkshire Water proposed that the site of a former sewage works be used as a nature reserve. Discussion with local wildlife groups followed and the idea was approved. After several years of planning and fund-raising, the reserve was created in 1999 and opened by Michael Meacher, Minister of State for the Environment, the following year. Between 2004 and 2006, five ponds were established to provide habitat for dragonflies, each one planted with different native species of plant. A further developmental stage from 2007 to 2009 added four more ponds, a long ditch, a marsh and several areas of open water.

Habitat

The reserve is on a migratory route used by waders and waterfowl. The site floods in the winter and provides good habitat for these birds, augmenting that provided by the River Aire and by the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal, a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Apart from the water features, woodland, grassland and scrub are present in the reserve.

Fauna
Frogs, toads and newts breed in the reserve, and fifteen species of dragonfly have been recorded, many of which breed there. Birds that can be seen at any time of year include little grebe, tufted duck, gadwall, shoveler, kingfisher, dipper, oystercatcher, lapwing and common tern. Winter visitors include snipe, water rail, pochard, wigeon, teal and common merganser. Smaller species seen in the summer or all year round include linnet, reed bunting, greenfinch, bullfinch, chiffchaff, willow warbler, garden warbler, grey wagtail, blackcap, common whitethroat and song thrush.

Facilities
There is a carpark by the gate and a visitor centre on site, with disabled parking and toilets adjacent.

References

Nature reserves in England
Nature reserves in West Yorkshire
Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide. Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide is an organosulfur compound with the formula S4[C3H6Si(OEt)3]2 (Et = C2H5).  The molecule consists of two trialkoxysilyl propyl groups linked with a polysulfide.  It is often sold as a mixture with the trisulfide.  The compound is a colorless viscous liquid that is soluble in ordinary organic solvents such as toluene.  Commercial samples often are yellowish.  The compound is added to rubber compositions that contain silica filler.

Synthesis and reactivity

The compound was first prepared by the reaction of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl chloride with sodium tetrasulfide:

Na2S4  +  2 ClC3H6Si(OEt)3  →   S4[C3H6Si(OEt)3]2  +  2 NaCl

Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide is a bifunctional molecule in that it contains two kinds of reactive functional groups.  The tetrasulfide group is a polysulfide, which means that it consists of a chain of sulfur atoms.  S-S bonds are susceptible to reduction (to thiols), attachment to metals (e.g., for protection against corrosion), and vulcanization.  The triethoxysilyl groups are susceptible to hydrolysis, resulting in cross-linking via sol-gel condensation.  In the usual application of this chemical, the hydrolyzed siloxy groups attach to silica particles and the polysulfide groups link to the organic polymer.

References

Sulfur compounds
Corrosion inhibitors
Ethoxides
Organosilicon compounds
Johns Multiplane. The Johns Multiplane was a very large unsuccessful experimental aircraft having seven wings and six ailerons,  powered by three Liberty L-12 V-12 aircraft engines. The machine had the appearance of a biplane spliced onto the front of a triplane with two wings added at the rear. The center fuselage housed the cockpit and one engine in tractor configuration. Both side booms ended with wing-mounted engines in pusher configuration. The aileron control force was found to be extremely  high.

Design and development
Designed by Herbert Johns of the American Multiplane Company in Bath, New York,
Patent # 1,365,995 Flying Machine was granted to Charles A. Herrmann, also of the American Multiplane Company on Oct. 3, 1916.

Operational history
The massive septi-wing made a series of short hops during testing, but was eventually scrapped in 1920 due to its inability to maintain controlled flight.

Specifications

References

External links
 Arizona Aviation History archived image

Johns Multiplane
Multiplane aircraft
Three-engined push-pull aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Three-engined piston aircraft
American Multiplane Co. aircraft
Bernd Kröplin. Bernd-Helmut Kröplin (11 November 1944, in Schleswig, Germany – 1 January 2019) was a German engineer and academic.

Life 

After a trade apprenticeship as a bricklayer, Kröplin studied Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Braunschweig in 1977 and received a PhD for a thesis on the elastoplastic stability of steel bridges.

In 1979 Kröplin received a Heisenberg Scholarship of the German Research Community DFG and in 1982 he received an appointment as a professor at the University of Dortmund "Applied numerical methods". From 1988 to 2010 Kröplin was dean of the Institute for Statics and Dynamics of Aerospace Structures of the University of Stuttgart.

In 1999 he and three employees received the Körber European Science Prize. With the prize money of 1.5 million German marks they were asked to produce telecommunication platforms that were stationary at 20 km above the ground.

Prof. Kröplin died on 1 January 2019.

Non-academic work 

Kröplin was from September 1996 to March 2002 Chairman of CargoLifter AG, a high-risk high-reward technology venture which was stopped when it was clear there was no commercial viability in a reasonable timeframe. When finances became tighter, he took a more active management role in technology development.

As a researcher Kröplin became intrigued by the possibility that consciousness could have an effect on water. Kröplin sponsored a number of experiments which have been published in book form with many high quality pictures.

This received lukewarm coverage in the press.

Publications

References

1944 births
German engineers
2019 deaths
Engineers from Schleswig-Holstein
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
Academic staff of the University of Stuttgart
Academic staff of the Technical University of Dortmund
Borovsko Bridge. The Borovsko Bridge () is an unfinished highway bridge near , part of Bernartice municipality, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic. It is commonly known as the "Czech Avignon" or "Hitler's Bridge".

The original bridge over the Sedlický River near Borovsko was under construction at KM 59 of the highway between 1939–42 and 1948-50. Construction was commenced in July 1939 by the civil engineering company "ing. J. Domanský". The planned budget was 5,552,400 crowns. Despite most civil engineering projects in Czechoslovakia being halted after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, in order that material scheduled for them could be diverted to the Nazi war effort, the construction of the bridge continued, although it was halted after the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazi overlord of Czechoslovakia. Under the Communist regime which came about at the end of World War II, construction resumed, even though the emphasis at the time was on heavy industry and railroads rather than on automobile travel.

The bridge itself was completed at the end of 1950 and formally approved by the authorities in 1952. However, highway construction was suspended in the 1950s, the rampart at the southern end was never finished, and the bridge was abandoned.

The 1960s brought new hope for the Borovsko Bridge and Czech highways. At the time, a project for a new large drinking-water reservoir for Prague was under consideration. Natural supply provided a high quality of water but a huge artificial lake was to flood a number of valleys, including two valleys where the Borovsko Bridge and the smaller neighbouring Sedmpanský Bridge were situated. Various scenarios were examined. One of them was reducing the lake size, but the city of Prague required millions of litres of drinking water. The other option was hydroinsulation of the bridge construction – but this approach was almost as costly as building a new bridge, even without considering the cost of water protection in case of accident etc. Finally, the decision was made to bypass the valley and to build a completely new bridge 1.4 km upriver to the south.

The dam has been in operation since 1976 and the sector of the D1 highway since 1977. The Borovsko Bridge and the Sedmpanský Bridge were abandoned, as were the routes a few kilometres west and east from the bridges' location. Today, huge spans of the Borovsko Bridge have been flooded almost up to the roadway. The bridge rests unseen in the middle of the forests of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, as the whole lake district is a forbidden area and entry is strictly prohibited to protect the watershed.

References

Bridges to nowhere
Bridges in the Czech Republic
Benešov District
Richmond Precision Engineering Ltd v Pearce. Richmond Precision Engineering Ltd v Pearce [1985] IRLR 179 is a UK labour law case, concerning redundancy.

Facts
Mr Pearce was offered a new contract with the company that had bought his employer's business. Pay was lower, hours were more, holidays were reduced and the occupational pension and fringe benefits were gone. He rejected the offer and claimed unfair dismissal.

The Tribunal upheld Mr Pearce's unfair dismissal claim, and Richmond Precision Engineering appealed.

Judgment
Beldam J in the EAT overturned the Tribunal. The test was whether a reasonable employer could have offered the same terms in the circumstances, including ones disadvantageous or advantageous to both parties. The employee being worse off was not a sufficient reason.

See also

UK labour law

Notes

References

United Kingdom labour case law
Employment Appeal Tribunal cases
1985 in United Kingdom case law
ChemSusChem. ChemSusChem is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 2008 and published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe. The editor-in-chief is Leana Travaglini. The journal covers research at the interface of chemistry and sustainability, including contributions from materials science, chemical engineering, and biotechnology. It publishes full papers, communications, reviews, concepts, highlights, and viewpoints.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 8.4.

References

External links

Chemistry Europe academic journals
Wiley-VCH academic journals
English-language journals
Chemistry journals
Sustainability journals
Biweekly journals
Timeline of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy. This is a bar graph showing a timeline of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy displaying the ships' names and their hull numbers.

Notes
The carriers are listed in order of hull number.
Ships with hull numbers 35, 44, 46, and 50 through 58 were cancelled or never commissioned and are not shown.
While the chart does include light carriers, it does not include amphibious assault ships nor escort carriers with the exception of the Langley which is included for historical context.  
In general, labels for ships of a single class are aligned vertically with the topmost ship in a column carrying the class name.
In an attempt to show the full timeline of the actual existence of each ship, the final dates on each bar may variously be the date struck, sold, scrapped, scuttled, sunk as a reef, etc., as appropriate to show last time it existed as a floating object.

Timeline

See also
 Aircraft carrier
 Timeline for aircraft carrier service
 List of United States Navy escort aircraft carriers
 Timeline of battleships of the United States Navy

References

External links
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
MaritimeQuest US Aircraft Carrier Index
 The Lost American Aircraftcarriers

 
United States
Aircraft carriers
Historic Army Aircraft Flight. The Historic Army Aircraft Flight (HAAF) is a charitable trust which preserves and maintains former British Army Air Corps (AAC) aircraft in flying condition. It thus brings the history of British Army flying to life. It serves as a 'living museum' for ex-service personnel commemorative and memorial purposes, as an aid to recruiting, and for supporting wider British Army heritage in public.  It features an aerial display group; comprising a de Havilland Beaver, a Westland Scout, an Agusta-Bell Sioux, and an Auster AOP.9.

History
Initially formed in , as the Historic Aircraft Flight (HAF) of the AAC, then since , as the Army Historic Aircraft Flight (AHAF), it was an official flight of the British Army.  It was created in order to save and maintain one example of each aircraft operated since the Army Air Corps inception in 1957.  Its purpose was to preserve the AAC's aviation heritage for future generations.

The aircraft of the AHAF were originally supported in part by the Ministry of Defence (MoD), along with additional donations and any income from air displays it undertook.  Although the AHAF was self-administered by its own charitable company, in 2013, the MoD withdrew all official public funding.  This forced the AHAF into a state of dormancy or 'suspended animation'.

In order to ensure that its aircraft remain airworthy and available, four of the AHAF aircraft (Auster, Beaver, Scout, and Sioux) were transferred to the Civil Register of the UK Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA); this helps to reduce both maintenance servicing times and costs.

Now known as the Historic Army Aircraft Flight (HAAF), it operates as a Registered Charity (charity number: 1024043, as the Historic Aircraft Flight Trust), governed by the Historic Army Aircraft Flight Trustee Limited.  The Historic Army Aircraft Flight Trustee Ltd was incorporated on , as a private company limited by guarantee without share capital.  Registered in England and Wales under company number 09572211, it is listed under the standard industrial classification of economic activities (SIC) as 'Museums activities' (91020).

Aircraft
The Historic Army Aircraft Flight includes the following retired AAC aircraft:

More details of the aircraft in the Flight can be seen on the website.

See also

Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) — official historic aircraft flight of the Royal Air Force (RAF)
Royal Navy Historic Flight (RNHF) — former official historic aircraft flight of the Royal Navy (RN)
Blue Eagles — former official helicopter air display unit of the Army Air Corps (AAC)
Army Flying Museum — official flying museum of the Army Air Corps (AAC)
Shuttleworth Collection — at Old Warden near Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England
Commemorative Air Force — in Midland, Texas, USA.

References

External links

HAAF.uk — official website

Organisations based in Hampshire
Museums in Hampshire
Aircraft preservation
Army aviation
Xieite. Xieite is an iron chromium oxide mineral with formula Fe2+Cr2O4. It is a member of the spinel group and a high pressure polymorph of chromite.

It was discovered in samples taken from the Suizhou meteorite which fell in 1986 in the Zengdu District of China.

References

Oxide minerals
Meteorite minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 63
Spinel group
ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals Limited. ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals Limited (OMPL) was a division of Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited, a part of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation which is under the ownership of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of the Government of India.    OMPL was incorporated on 19 December 2006.

The OMPL complex spans 442 acres of land in Mangalore Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The project cost was estimated at ₹ 5750 crores. The complex is connected with MRPL Refinery from where the feed to the complex is supplied. It is 14 km away from the New Mangalore Port and about 15  km from Mangalore International Airport.

On October 19, 2020 the board meeting of MRPL had approved acquisition OMPL, from ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) Ltd.

References

External links 
 
 Recruitment Updates
 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
 Companies based in Mangalore
Indian companies established in 2006
2006 establishments in Karnataka