omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sharad Malik. Sharad Malik is an Indian-American computer scientist working in formal methods, electronic design automation, and computer architecture. He is currently the George Van Ness Lothrop Professor of Engineering in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Princeton University.

Early life and education 

Malik received his B. Tech in Electrical Engineering from IIT Delhi in 1985, and M. S. and Ph. D. degrees in Computer Science from University of California, Berkeley in 1987 and 1990. His doctoral advisor was Robert K. Brayton.

Contributions 
Malik is best known for his contributions to fast solvers for boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The Chaff solver built by he and his students ushered in a new era for conflict-driven clause learning-based boolean satisfiability solvers. He also pioneered the Instruction Level Abstraction (ILA) effort for hardware verification.

Awards 
 ACM Fellow, 2014
 IEEE Fellow, 2002
 CAV Award, Computer Aided Verification conference, "for fundamental contributions to the development of high-performance Boolean satisfiability solvers", 2009.
 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, Ten Year Retrospective Most Influential Paper Award, 2011
 IEEE/ACM Design Automation Conference 50th Anniversary Most Cited Paper Award, 2013
 Princeton University President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching, 2009
 IEEE CEDA A. Richard Newton Technical Impact Award in Electronic Design Automation, 2017

Service 
Malik has served on the editorial boards of journals such as IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, Formal Methods in System Design, and Journal of VLSI Signal Processing. He also served as the department chair of Princeton University's ECE department from 2012 to 2021.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Faradic battery. A Faradic battery (or Faradic stimulator, or galvanic battery) was a device used in 19th  and early 20th century medicine. The name of the device is associated both with Michael Faraday and Luigi Galvani. It was designed to create a mild electric shock that was thought to be therapeutic, to assist with ailments around nerve sensitivity within muscles and bones. Many machines were portable for use at a doctor's office or at home. Allegedly of little actual benefit and providing more of a placebo effect.

See also 
 Electrotherapy
 Electroconvulsive therapy

References 
Notes

Bibliography

 
Medical treatments
Analgesics
Alan Simpson (technical author). Alan Simpson (born 1953) is a software developer, technical writer and consultant. He has published over 100 titles, mostly focusing on database management and web technology. Many of his early titles are books about dBASE, such as Understanding dBASE III Plus (1986) and dBASE III Plus Programmer's Reference Guide (1988). His most recent title is Python All-in-One For Dummies (2021), co-authored with John C. Shovic.

References 

American technology writers
1953 births
Living people
Sikkim Institute of Science and Technology. Sikkim Institute of Science and Technology (SIST), is a state government engineering college located at  Chisopani, South Sikkim, India. It offers undergraduate (B.Tech.) engineering degree courses and is affiliated with the Sikkim University. The institution is regulated, operated, and administered by the Government of Sikkim. This college is the only state government engineering college in Sikkim.

Departments and courses

The college offers different undergraduate courses in Engineering and aims at imparting technological education in Sikkim. Presently this college is offering B.Tech. degree courses via two departments:

 Computer Science and Engineering
 Civil Engineering

Admission
The candidates are admitted on the basis of the class 12 marks.

References

External links
 https://sist.edu.in/
University Grants Commission
National Assessment and Accreditation Council

Engineering colleges in Sikkim
Universities and colleges in Sikkim
Colleges affiliated to Sikkim University
Universities and colleges established in 2018
Clara Saraceno. Clara Jody Saraceno (born 1983) is a laser scientist whose research involves the development of ultrafast lasers, a technology whose applications include ultrafast laser spectroscopy, and imaging biological processes at the molecular scale. Born in Argentina and educated in France and Switzerland, she works in Germany as a professor in the Faculty for Electrical Engineering of Ruhr University Bochum, where she holds the Chair of Photonics and Ultrafast Laser Science.

Education and career
Saraceno was born in 1983 in Buenos Aires, Argentine. She studied optics and photonics at the Institut d'optique Graduate School in France, part of Paris-Saclay University, after which she worked in the US for Coherent, Inc. from 2007 to 2008. Returning to graduate study at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, she completed a PhD in 2012, under the supervision of physicist Ursula Keller.

After postdoctoral research at ETH Zurich and the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, she joined Ruhr University Bochum in Germany as an associate professor in 2016.

Recognition
Saraceno's doctoral thesis won the 2013 Quantum Electronics and Optics Division Thesis Prize of the European Physical Society. She was a 2016 recipient of the Sofia Kovalevskaya Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

She became an Optica Ambassador in 2019, and was named as a 2022 Optica Fellow, "for seminal contributions to ultrafast science and technology, as well as outstanding service to the optics community".

References

External links
Photonics and Ultrafast Laser Science at Ruhr University Bochum

Living people
Engineers from Buenos Aires
Argentine emigrants to Germany
Electrical engineers
Women electrical engineers
Laser researchers
Paris-Saclay University alumni
ETH Zurich alumni
Academic staff of Ruhr University Bochum
Fellows of Optica (society)
1983 births
Perryite. Perryite is a nickel silicide mineral. It is found in extremely silicon-rich meteorites. The type material is housed at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington. It was first found in Horse Creek and described in 1963 by Fredriksson and Wickman. It was named after Stuart Hoffman Perry, and American meteorite collector.  The mineral is typically found intermixed with troilite, an iron sulfide. It is a minor constituent of metal enstatite chondrite meteorites.

References 

Meteorite minerals
Ching-Long Lin. Ching-Long Lin is a Taiwanese mechanical engineer.

Lin earned a Bachelor of Science degree from National Taiwan University in 1986. He then completed a master's degree at Stanford University in 1989, followed by a doctorate in 1994. Lin joined the University of Iowa faculty in 1997, where he later held the Edward M. Mielnik & Samuel R. Harding Professorship of Mechanical Engineering. Lin was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2014, "[f]or his contribution to multiscale flow physics and computational techniques, including pulmonary tracheobronchial and acinar flows, image-based data-driven human lung models, lattice-Boltzmann methods, coherent structures in atmospheric boundary layer and four dimensional data assimilation."

References

Living people

Year of birth missing (living people)

21st-century Taiwanese engineers

Taiwanese mechanical engineers
University of Iowa faculty
Stanford University alumni
Taiwanese expatriates in the United States
20th-century Taiwanese engineers
National Taiwan University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Standing loss. Standing loss, or standing losses, is a non-technical term to define energy losses in a system, usually associated with heat and hot water storage systems. It is the amount of energy lost through heat transfer to the surrounding environment; as such it is directly related to how well insulated a system is. A hot water storage tank, for example, will have a standing loss of heat; a proportion of the heat generated for consumption is lost through the cylinder walls by heat transfer, and useful heat provided to the end use (e.g., a hot water tap) is reduced. Standing losses are also associated with any pipework distribution system that is employed in the system as well. Standing losses are usually expressed as a unit of thermal energy such as in watts, or as a percentage or ratio of the heat input provided to the system. It is clearly desirable for standing losses to be designed to be as small as possible by the use of improved insulation. Most countries in Europe have an energy efficiency directive target that must be met and this legislation also covers allowable standing losses in such heating and hot water systems and their distribution networks.

References 
Notes

Energy storage
Residential heating appliances
Heating
Izabela Naydenova. Izabela Naydenova is a Bulgarian researcher in holography, holographic materials and nanostructures, and holographic sensors. She is a professor at Technological University Dublin, where she is head of discipline for physics and clinical measurement science in the School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, and scientific director of the Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics.

Education and career
Naydenova studied applied optics at Sofia University, graduating in 1993. She completed a Ph.D. in physics through the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1999.

After three years of postdoctoral research at the Technical University of Munich, she came to the Dublin Institute of Technology (now Technological University Dublin) for a second term of postdoctoral research, as an Arnold F. Graves fellow. She became a lecturer at the institute in 2008, a professor in 2017, and scientific director of the Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics in 2021.

Recognition
Naydenova was named as a 2023 Optica Fellow, "for contributions to holographic materials, sensors, and modeling, and outstanding service to the community".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bulgarian scientists
Bulgarian women scientists
Holography
Sofia University alumni
Academics of Dublin Institute of Technology
Fellows of Optica (society)
Lake Park (California). Lake Park is  of privately owned public open urban green space on the south side of SoFi Stadium, part of the Hollywood Park complex in Inglewood, California, United States.  of parkland surround the six acre lake. The stadium and park are central to the  with several public art works.

The landscape of the park is integral to the design of the area while also being used for stormwater harvesting. At  deep and holding close to   of water, it captures 70-80% of the rainwater in the entire complex. This reclaimed water amounts to  annually used to water the entirety of the greenery throughout the stadium park and its surrounding streetscapes. In addition to its use in sustainable water usage, the lake is designed to be an aesthetic addition to the American Airlines Plaza with the Lake Park Overlook viewing platform having a wide view of the stadium’s curved form. The upper and lower portions of the lake are separated by cascading waterfalls.

Activities
The park is connected to the rest of the site through  of park spaces and landscaped plazas. The park includes a stage for outdoor performances. The park is used as a space to distribute public service handouts or sell official merchandise.

The lake and adjacent landscaping can be attractive to large flocks of migrating birds which is undesirable since the lake is under the flight path of Los Angeles International Airport. Hawks and other raptors are used on a regular basis to discourage birds from the site. While the hawks merely fly around and return to the falconer for a food reward, they appear to the birds to be a real threat.

References

Inglewood, California
Parks in Los Angeles County, California
Tourist attractions in Inglewood, California
Hollywood Park
Urban public parks
Arnav Kapur. Arnav Kapur is a computer scientist and engineer at MIT. He is known for his work and advocacy in developing AI systems that enhance and complement human abilities.

Career 
In 2016, Kapur worked at the Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory at Harvard Medical School. While at Harvard, he showed that gene expression data in microarray and RNA-Seq experiments, could be considered approximately low-rank, which could then be used to reliably predict the data.

After this, Kapur attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology, working at the MIT Media Lab. While at MIT, he developed a peripheral neural interface, dubbed AlterEgo, that recorded neuromuscular signals, sent from the brain to the various muscles of the speech system through subtle and voluntary stimulation, and transcribed them into basic speech commands. This created a silent speech interface, having applications in facilitating speech for individuals who had lost the ability to communicate verbally. In 2018, Kapur in an interview with 60 Minutes, detailed the inner workings of the prototype and showcased a live demonstration. In 2019, Kapur gave a talk at TED, and demonstrated an updated version of the system. He talked about how ethics can inform design and engineering as a principle  and advocated for technologies such as AI to be designed in a way that extended human capabilities.

Kapur has also exhibited artwork and AI tools that collaborate with human artists.  His work has been exhibited at alt.ai New York, Design Museum, Art Center Nabi.

Awards 
In 2020, Kapur featured on TIME magazine's 100 Best Inventions of 2020. He has been awarded the Lemelson-MIT graduate prize.

References 

American computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Climate based daylight modelling. Climate based daylight modelling (CBDM) also known as dynamic daylight metrics is a calculation methodology first developed in the late 1990s to assess daylight quality and quantity. It is used by Building Design engineers and architects to predict luminance and/or illuminance within buildings using standardised sun and sky condition climate data for a given geographical location. It is a different design metric to Daylight factors which only considers the ratio of the light level inside a structure to the light level outside the structure from an overcast sky.
With CBDM, if used considerately, the facade design of a building can be optimised to maximise useful daylight whilst excluding excessive daylight, which otherwise might cause issues with glare, visual discomfort, and/or solar gains which can cause thermal comfort issues. At the same time reducing reliance and operation of artificial lighting.
CBDM calculations are calculated within Building simulation modelling software tools for each and every hour of the year, or sometimes for smaller increments, which allows for daily and seasonal profiles to be tested and optimised 

The key metrics reported on within CBDM software are as follows:
 'Daylight Autonomy' (DA), the amount of time that a point in a room can be expected to achieve a target level of illuminance from daylight. Normally expressed as a percentage for a useful level of illuminance to be met or exceeded, for example 300 lux
 'Spatial Daylight Autonomy' (sDA); the amount of time that a point on the working plane in a room can be expected to achieve a target level of illuminance from daylight. The working plane is established to represent a useful working height within the space, such as at desk level. The sDA is normally expressed as a percentage target for a useful level of illuminance for a given target, for example; 50% of a 300 lux DA target on the working plane (300/50%) 
 'Useful Daylight Illuminance' (UDI-a); the summed annual occurrence of illuminance on the working plane and during the occupied hours for the space. Typically, the target may be between 100 and 3000 lux. Any hours of illuminance below 100 lux is defined as UDI-s, and typically would require artificial lighting to be switched on. Any hours of illuminance above 3000 lux is defined as UDI-e, and indicates excessive daylight which can cause visual discomfort and glare/contrast issues and typically would require blinds or curtains to be closed.

See also
 Daylighting
 Right to light
 Daylight factor

Notes

External links 
International Commission on Illumination

Light
Visibility
Energy-saving lighting
Lighting
Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid. Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid (PFPrS) is a PFAS chemical compound having a three-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group. It has been used within the manufacturing process of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF).

See also
 FBSA
 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
 PFNA
 PFOA
 Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

References

Anionic surfactants
Perfluorosulfonic acids
Shirasu Tatara Steelworks. The   was a premodern steelworks for the production of tatara steel located in the Sogo neighborhood of the town of Abu, Yamaguchi Prefecture in the San'yō region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1982.

History
 is a traditional Japanese method of processing iron into steel, which was typically use for making Japanese swords. The process and name first appear in the ancient Kojiki and Nihon Shoki texts from the Nara period. The process is believed to have originated in the Kingdom of Kibi around the middle of the sixth century,  spread to various places in Japan. A low box-shaped furnace containing a clay tub is constructed and heated with charcoal until the correct temperature is reached. It is then filled with alternating layers of ironsand and charcoal over a 72-hour period, with the entire process taking up to a week. Once the iron has converted to steel, the clay vessel is broken and the steel bloom removed. Typically ten tons of iron sand yield 2.5 tones of tamahagane, or raw steel. This smelting process thus differs considerbly from that of the modern mass production of steel, and also differs from contemporary Chinese and Korean methods. In the Kamakura period and Muromachi period, furnaces increased in size to produce more steel of higher quality, with underground tunnels to more evenly distribute heat and reduce humidity. In the Edo Period,  foot-operated blowers blow a large amount of air into the furnace to increase the temperature were introduced. However, following the introduction of Western technologies after the Meiji restoration, the traditional furnaces were no longer economically viable, and soon disappeared.

The Shirasu ruins date from the late Edo Period, and are located on a plateau at an elevation of about 130 meters on the left bank of the Shirasu River, which flows at the northern foot of Mount Shirasu in northeastern Yamaguchi prefecture. Archaeological excavations from 1979 to 1981 confirmed the remains of an iron smelting furnace that used iron sand as a raw material to refine iron, as well as the remains of attached structures such as an office, a blacksmith's shop, and a hut for workers. The ruins cover an area of 150 meters from east-to-west and 70 meters from north-to-south, and match well with the description of the picture scroll "Sakiotsu Agawamurayama Sand Iron Washing Tori no Zu" from the Edo period. According to related old documents, around 1856, Misuzu Yashichi, a wealthy merchant in Nichihara, Shimane, ran this factory and supplied the steel to shipbuilders of Chōshū Domain.

The ruins are currently backfilled for preservation. The site is about 10 minutes by car from Utagō Station on the JR West San'in Main Line.

See also
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Yamaguchi)

References

External links
Yamaguchi Prefecture Tourism, Sports and Culture Department Culture Promotion Division
Abu Town home page

History of Yamaguchi Prefecture
Historic Sites of Japan
Edo period
Nagato Province
Abu, Yamaguchi
Polynitrides. Polynitrides are solid chemical compounds with a large amount of nitrogen, beyond what would be expected from valencies. Some with N2 ions are termed pernitrides. Azides are not considered polynitrides, although pentazolates are.

They are formed at high pressures and mostly at high temperature. But some are stable when decompressed to standard conditions. They are high energy materials, capable of exploding with high power. Some are very hard, almost as strong as diamond.

List

References

Nitrogen compounds
Fiat Ecobasic. The Fiat Ecobasic is a concept car designed by the Italian manufacturer Fiat and presented in December 1999 at the Bologna Motor Show and exhibited in March 2000 at the Geneva Motor Show.

The purpose of this concept was to prove that it was possible to design and build a car capable of transporting four adults in a structure made of fully recyclable composite materials and whose production and operating costs were ultra-low.

Overview
The Ecobasic has been homologated according to Euro NCAP standards; moreover, the materials that cover the structure are all recyclable. The design of the concept has been studied in the wind tunnel, boasting a drag coefficient of just 0.28.

The front grille included a sort of transparent hatch that gave direct access to the coolant and oil reservoirs, as well as the positive and negative battery terminals. After manufacturing 10 units of the Ecobasic, the brand decided not to put it into production.

References

Ecobasic
Hatchbacks
Airbus CC-330 Husky. The Airbus CC-330 Husky is an in-development Royal Canadian Air Force version of the Airbus A330 MRTT based on the civilian Airbus A330. Nine aircraft will replace the existing Airbus CC-150 Polaris fleet of five aircraft in the strategic transport and air refuelling roles.

Development 
In June 2017, the Canadian Armed Forces and Government of Canada announced their plan to procure a CC-150 Polaris replacement.

In July 2022, the Government of Canada announced a deal to acquire two used Airbus A330-200s which would be modified to A330 MRTT configuration, with four more to be acquired later, for a total of six aircraft.

In July 2023, the order was increased to nine aircraft, eight of which will be MRTT and one for VIP transportation. Four aircraft will be purchased new from Airbus, with five aircraft purchased used from the commercial market. The aircraft will be located on two bases, one in eastern Canada and one in western Canada. Ottawa International Airport has been selected as the interim operating base for the first two aircraft.

The first of two, ex-Kuwait Airways aircraft, designated 330002 entered service in Nov 2023 as a VIP and strategic transport aircraft. The second, designated 330003, entered service in February 2024.

The tankers will be equipped with both probe and drogue and flying boom refuelling equipment, permitting them to refuel any NATO or allied aircraft, which will also improve NORAD support.

See also

References

External links
 

CC-330
Twinjets
Airbus A330
Low-wing aircraft
CQO. CQO or variants may refer to:

 Chief quality officer, a corporate title responsible for quality assurance
 , an abbreviation for the consequential mood, meaning "because", in the Eskaleut languages
 cqo(), a library subroutine that fits a type of vector generalized linear model
 CQO, an 64-bit x86 instruction; see x86_instruction_listings#Added_with_x86-64
Nano List. Nano List () is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written and illustrated by MIN SONGA. It was serialized via Naver Corporation's webtoon platform Naver Webtoon from January 2016 to December 2018, with the individual chapters collected. The manhwa has been published in English by Line Webtoon. An aeni series adaptation by Studio Gale and Studio N has been announced, and then later will be released on the OTT streaming platform TVING.

See also
 The Girl Downstairs, another manhwa series by the same author

References

External links
 Official website on Naver Webtoon 
 Official website on Line Webtoon 

2010s webtoons
2016 webtoon debuts
Science fiction webtoons
Manhwa titles
Naver Comics titles
South Korean webtoons
Studio N (company)
TVING original programming
Webtoons in print
2010s manhwa