omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Archambault A35R. The Archambault A35R and Archambault A35RC are a series of French sailboats that were designed by Joubert Nivelt Design as racer-cruisers and first built in 2014.

The Archambault A35R is often confused with the 2006 Archambault A35, which it succeeded in production.

Production
The design was built by Archambault Boats of Dangé-Saint-Romain and also by the BG Race shipyard in Saint-Malo in France between 2014 and 2017, but it is now out of production. Archambault, which had been founded in 1967, went out of business in 2015. The BG Race shipyard, founded in 2013, built many designs for Archambault and went out of business in 2017.

Design
The Archambault A35R is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of polyester sandwich construction fibreglass, with the deck from a PVC vinylester fibreglass sandwich. It has a 9/10 fractional sloop rig with a masthead spinnaker. It has carbon fibre spars, including a fixed bowsprit. The mast is keel-stepped and has two sets of swept spreaders. The hull has a plumb stem, an open reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. Dual rudders and wheel steering were factory options. It displaces  and carries  of lead ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker of  or an asymmetrical spinnaker of . The mainsheet traveller is located on the deck, just aft of the rudder post. It has a hull speed of .

The boat is fitted with an inboard  diesel engine for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, two straight settees in the main cabin around a drop leaf table and an aft cabin with a double berth on the port side. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the navigation station on the starboard side. The main and aft cabin headroom is .

When equipped with twin wheels and a redesigned interior, the boat is known as the Archambault A35RC.

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
A35R cabin tour in Italian

Keelboats
2010s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Joubert-Nivelt
Sailboat types built by Archambault Boats
Sailboat types built by BG Race
Maersk C-class container ship. The C class is a series of 8 container ships built for Maersk Line. The ships were built by Odense Steel Shipyard in Denmark and have a maximum theoretical capacity of around 9,640 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). 

The last three ships were built with a slightly different design compared to the first five. Overall they are slightly wider and were built with a slightly taller bridge. 

Between 2011 and 2016, five of the ships were upgraded at the Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry shipyard in China.

List of ships

See also 

 Maersk Triple E-class container ship
 Maersk E-class container ship
 Maersk H-class container ship
 Maersk Edinburgh-class container ship
 Gudrun Maersk-class container ship
 Maersk M-class container ship

References 

Container ship classes
Ships of the Maersk Line
Feynman's algorithm. Feynman's algorithm is an algorithm that is used to simulate the operations of a quantum computer on a  classical computer. It is based on the  Path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, which was formulated by Richard Feynman.

Overview
An  qubit quantum computer takes in a quantum circuit  that contains  gates and an input state . It then outputs a string of bits  with probability .

In Schrödinger's algorithm,  is calculated straightforwardly via matrix multiplication. That is, . The quantum state of the system can be tracked throughout its evolution.

In Feynman's path algorithm,  is calculated by summing up the contributions of  histories. That is, . 

Schrödinger's takes less time to run compared to Feynman's while Feynman's takes more time and less space.
More precisely, Schrödinger's takes   time and  space while Feynman's takes  time and  space.

Example
Consider the problem of creating a  Bell state. What is the probability that the resulting measurement will be ?

Since the quantum circuit that generates a Bell state is the H (Hadamard gate) gate followed by the CNOT gate, the unitary for this circuit is . In that case,  using Schrödinger's algorithm. So probability resulting measurement will be  is .

Using Feynman's algorithm, the Bell state circuit contains  histories:  . So  = | +  +  + .

See also 
 Hamiltonian simulation
 Quantum simulation

References

Quantum algorithms
Arthur von Abramson. Arthur von Abramson (born 3 March 1854) was an Imperial Russian civil engineer.

He was born to a Jewish family in Odessa, and was educated at the city's gymnasium. He studied mathematics at the University of Odessa, but left to take a course in civil engineering at the Zurich Polytechnikum, from which he was graduated in 1876. Returning to Russia in 1879, von Abramson passed the state examination at the Russian Imperial Institute of Roads and Communications, and was appointed one of the directors of the Russian state railway at Kiev. He devised, built, and managed the sewer system of Kiev, and constructed the street-railroad of that city. In 1881 he founded and became editor-in-chief of a technical monthly, Inzhener ('The Engineer'). He was appointed president of the local sewer company and director of the Kiev city railroad.

Publications
  Published in English as

References
 

1854 births
Year of death unknown
ETH Zurich alumni
Civil engineers from the Russian Empire
Editors from the Russian Empire
Odesa Jews
Print editors
Railway civil engineers
People from the Russian Empire in rail transport
1987–88 Lehigh Engineers men's basketball team. The 1987–88 Lehigh Engineers men's basketball team represented Lehigh University during the 1987–88 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Engineers, led by third-year head coach Fran McCaffery, played their home games at Stabler Arena and were members of the East Coast Conference. They finished the season 21–10, 8–6 in ECC play to finish in fourth place in the conference.

Following the regular season, Lehigh won the ECC tournament to earn the conference's automatic bid into the 1988 NCAA tournament. This was their second NCAA Tournament appearance with their first coming in 1985. As a 16 seed, they fell to No. 1 seed Temple in the opening round.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style=| Regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style=| ECC Tournament

|-
!colspan=9 style=| 1988 NCAA tournament

References

Lehigh Mountain Hawks men's basketball seasons
Lehigh
Lehigh
1987 in sports in Pennsylvania
1988 in sports in Pennsylvania
Native state (metallurgy). Metals in their native state are those found in nature as free elements (chemically uncombined). They are usually attached to or mixed with varying amounts of undesired material (gangue), and require only physical separation to produce usable metal.

Most metallic ores in the Earth's crust require chemical processing to produce metal. Oxides and sulfides require smelting. Bauxite, an ore of aluminium, requires electrolysis.

Many metals are found in uncombined metallic form, in varying degrees of purity. These "metals found as metals" are referred to as native metals, which are a subset of native element minerals. The most well-known native metals are native copper and gold. Nonreactive noble metals usually occur in nature as native metals.

Metallurgy
Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway. The Chengdu–Dazhou–Wanzhou high-speed railway or Chengdawan HSR () is a high-speed railway currently under construction in China. This line forms part of the Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed railway.

History
This railway was planned as early as 2015. Construction began on 30 September 2022.

Route
The section between Tianfu and Tianfu Airport is shared with the Chengdu–Zigong high-speed railway.

Stations

References

High-speed railway lines in China
High-speed railway lines under construction
25 kV AC railway electrification
Archambault A40. The Archambault A40, or Archambault 40, is a French sailboat that was designed by Joubert Nivelt Design as a cruiser-racer and first built in 2004.

Production
The design was built by Archambault Boats of Dangé-Saint-Romain, France, starting in 2004, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Archambault A40 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass. It has a fractional sloop rig. The hull has a plumb stem, an open reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and is fitted with a Swedish Volvo Penta D1-30 diesel engine of  for docking and manoeuvring.

The design has sleeping accommodation for eight people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, two straight settees in the main cabin with a drop leaf table and two aft cabins, each with a double berth. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, a  icebox and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the starboard side and has a shower.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker. It has a hull speed of .

Operational history
A review in Yacht and Boat described sailing the design, "the boat is astonishingly easy to control. The steering does not load up at any time; to a degree, steering is an intellectual exercise, not a tactile one. By that I mean that when Glenn calls “pressure coming” and I wait for the helm to tell me that the boat feels the extra breeze, nothing happens. She simply accelerates in a straight line, with no need to wind off helm. It may be a different story in a sea and with tougher gusts; we had smooth seas, but there is never an acute angle of heel, or sudden lurch that upsets the crew. It's a terrible cliche, but this hull really, really is like a big dinghy."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
2000s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Joubert-Nivelt
Sailboat types built by Archambault Boats
Sergey Macheret. Sergey O. Macheret (born December 25, 1957) is an American physicist and aerospace engineer known for his contributions to plasma science and engineering. Macheret formulas for endothermic exchange reactions and Macheret-Fridman model of vibration-dissociation coupling are widely used for analysis of hypersonic and other chemically reacting flows.

Biography
Macheret received his PhD degree from Kurchatov Institute in 1985. He worked at the Ohio State University, Princeton University, and Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company. He was a professor at Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2014-2024.

He was elected Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and received AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Award in 2022.

Macheret formulas
The formulas are used for estimation of non-equilibrium rate coefficients of the simple-exchange endothermic reaction: . Such reactions appear in low-temperature nonequilibrium plasmas where substantial fraction of energy input goes into vibrational excitation of molecules.  The formulas are obtained by applying classical mechanics methods for high temperatures and semi-classical approximation for moderate temperatures.

Assumptions:

1. Translational-vibrational non equilibrium:  or .

2. Collisions are collinear and rotational energy effects are negligible.

3. The duration of collision is much faster than the period of molecule vibration.

4. The vibrational energy obeys Boltzmann distribution.

Formulas and relations:

Nonequilibrium factor in the high temperature case ():

Nonequilibrium factor in the low temperature case ():

References

External links
 Sergey Macheret at Google Scholar

1957 births
Living people
American physicists
Purdue University faculty
Chinese frigate Yantai. Yantai (538) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned in June 2011.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Yantai was launched in August 2010 at the China State Shipbuilding Corporation in Shanghai. Commissioned in June 2011. It has been involved in anti-piracy operations in the gulf of Aden.

Gallery

References 

2010 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Wuhu (539). Wuhu (539) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 29 June 2017 and is part of the North Sea Fleet.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Wuhu was launched on 8 June 2016 at the Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in Shanghai. Commissioned on 29 June 2017.

On 17 January 2019, Dongpinghu, Wuhu and Handan made a goodwill visit to Manila.

Gallery

References 

2016 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Linyi. Linyi (547) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 22 December 2012.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS). The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, and superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared standard exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Linyi was launched in December 2011 at the China State Shipbuilding Corporation in Shanghai. Commissioned on 22 December 2012.

On 17 August 2015, Taizhou, Linyi, Hengyang, Taihu and Yunwu Shan participated in the Joint Sea 2015 II in the Sea of Japan.

Gallery

References 

2011 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Weifang. Weifang (550) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 22 June 2013.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Weifang was launched on 9 July 2012 at the Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in Shanghai. Commissioned on 22 June 2013.

Gallery

References 

2012 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Daqing. Daqing (526) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 16 January 2015.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Daqing was launched on 8 October 2013 at the China State Shipbuilding Corporation in Shanghai. Commissioned on 16 January 2015.

Gallery

References 

2013 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
JS Muroto (2012). JS Muroto (ARC-483) is a cable laying ship of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force.

Development and design 
The second generation Muroto was built with a budget in 2009 as a successor ship due to the deterioration of the predecessor  (ARC-482). As with its predecessor, it seems that its main task is to install underwater hearing monitoring equipment at bases, ports, strategic sea areas, but details are not disclosed. It is equipped with cable laying equipment and various underwater equipment related to marine surveys, and the hull is equipped with bow thrusters and azimuth thrusters for smooth operation. In addition, the hull has a commercial ship structure as much as possible in order to keep the ship price down, and it is within the range that can demonstrate the minimum capacity as a laying ship.

The construction cost is about 28.4 billion yen. The predecessor Muroto was retired on 4 April 2012 without waiting for the commissioning of this ship.

Construction and career 
The vessel was laid down on 7 September 2011 and launched on 5 July 2012 at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyard in Tokyo. Muroto was commissioned on 15 March 2013. From 7 September to 30 October of the same year, she participated in the 33rd Guam Island Dispatch Training and conducted laying training in the Guyam Island area.

From 19 August to 8 November 2014, Muroto participated in the 34th Guam Island Dispatch Training and conducted laying training in the Guam Island area. From 31  July to 24 September 2015, the ship participated in the 35th Guam Island Dispatch Training, and with the cooperation of the United States Navy, conducted laying training in the Guam Island area. On 1 December 2015, the Oceanographic Command was reorganized into the Oceanographic Command/Anti-submarine Support Group.

From 1 July to 18 August 2016, Muroto participated in the 36th Guam Island Dispatch Training and conducted laying training in the Guam Island area with the cooperation of the United States Navy. From 10 June to 3 August 2017, she participated in the 37th Guam Island Dispatch Training and conducted laying training in the Guam Island area with the cooperation of the United States Navy.

From 20 October to 17 December 2018, Muroto participated in the 2018 Guam Island Dispatch Training (38th) and conducted laying training in the Guam Island area with the cooperation of the United States Navy. From 17 October to 5 December 2019, she participated in the Guam Island dispatch training (39th) in the first year of Reiwa, and with the cooperation of the United States Navy, conducted laying training in the Guam Island area. From 2 October to 15 November 2020, the vessel participated in the second year of Reiwa dispatch training for Guam Island (40th), and with the cooperation of the United States Navy, carry out laying training, in the direction of Guam Island.

Gallery

References

2012 ships
Auxiliary ships of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Cable laying ships
JS Muroto (1979). JS Muroto (ARC-482) was a cable laying ship of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force.

Development and design 
It was planned in 1977 as a substitute for the aging laying ship  (ARC-481). As with its predecessor, its main task is to install underwater hearing monitoring equipment at bases, ports, strategic sea areas. For the first time, a laying device was installed on the stern to support long-distance laying work.

This made it possible to bury submarine cables in the mud instead of the conventional bare laying, which was easy to cut in the bottom trawling fishery represented by trawling nets. The vessel had sheaves on the bow and stern, and a large cable tank was installed inside the ship, and cables were laid via the cable engine.

Since delicate maneuvering was required during laying work, the propeller is a variable pitch floperer, and the bow and stern were equipped with side thrusters. In addition, the ocean observation equipment was also substantial, equipped with precision sounding, mud sampling, water sampling equipment, thermometer, satellite navigation equipment, Omega navigation, Loran C and other navigation support equipment, and was placed in the central control room to concentrate.

Controlled and route monitoring was performed. The overall ship type was similar to the submarine cable laying ship Kuroshio Maru of the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, and is said to be used as a reference for the design of this ship.

Construction and career 
The ship was laid down on 28 November 1977 and launched on 25 July 1979 at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyard in Tokyo. Muroto commissioned on 27 March 1980.

She was retired on 4 April 2012 without waiting for the commissioning of the successor ship  (ARC-483). After that, in October 2012, she left Kure base for Dokai Bay, Kitakyushu for dismantling. Parts of her are on display at JMSDF Kure Museum.

Gallery

References

1979 ships
Auxiliary ships of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Cable laying ships