omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Penfieldite. Penfieldite is a rare lead hydroxychloride mineral from the class of halides. It was named after Samuel Lewis Penfield. It has been a valid species before the founding of IMA, and was first published in 1892. It had been grandfathered, meaning the name penfieldite is still believed to refer to a valid species. When it was first described by Genth in 1892 from Laurion, Greece, the mineral had the formula of Pb3Cl4O.

Properties 
Penfieldite grows tabular pyramidal crystals, meaning it is longer instead of being wide, and grows in the shape of a pyramid. It is a secondary mineral, meaning that rock minerals went under transformation due to changes in pressure and temperature, and penfieldite is the newly formed stable mineral after this transformation. Singular crystals are usually striped, and can grow up to 3 cm. Pure penfieldite is colorless, however, due to lattice defects or foreign admixtures, it can be white, yellow or even blue. It mainly consists of lead (77.06%) and chlorine (19.78%), and has a negligible amount of oxygen (2.98%) and hydrogen (0.19%) in it. It does not show any radioactive properties whatsoever. After it is dissolved in water, penfieldite leaves a lead oxychloride residue behind that is yellowish white in color. When heated to 180 °C, a 9c periodicity can be observed, meaning the crystal repeats itself every nine layers in the c crystallographic direction. When further heated to 200 °C and above, the crystals are quickly destroyed.

Classification 
In both the 8th and the 9th edition of the Strunz Mineralogical tables, penfieldite is classified as belonging to the oxyhalides (and related to double halides). However, the new Strunz mineral classification now subdivides it more precisely, according to the cations involved in the formula, and the mineral is accordingly in the subsection "With Pb (As, Sb, Bi), without Cu". The Dana classification also assigns penfieldite to the oxyhalides, but classifies it according to chemical composition in the subdivision "Oxihalides and hydroxyhalides with the formula A2(O,OH)Xq".

Occurrences and localities 
Penfieldite has three localities, which are Laurium, Greece, Baratti Beach, Italy, and at the Margarita Mine, Chile. It is a secondary mineral formed due to sea water contact and smelting activities. It is the alteration product of a lead-bearing slag contacting seawater in Greece and Italy, and in Chile, it can be found in an oxidized hydrothermal lead deposit.  Specimens found in Greece were associated with phosgenite and paralaurionite, while the Italian specimens were found in association with cotunnite and fiedlerite.

References

Lead minerals
Wang Shuxin. Wang Shuxin (; born September 1966) is a Chinese scientist who is a professor at Tianjin University, a former vice president of Tianjin University, and currently president of Chongqing University.

Biography
Wang was born in Xuanhua County (now Xuanhua District), Hebei, in September 1966. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Hebei University of Technology, and Master of Engineering and Doctor of Engineering degrees from the Tianjin University, all in mechanical manufacturing and automation.

Starting in February 1990, Wang successively served as assistant (February 1990), lecturer (August 1992), associate professor (November 1994), full professor (November 1998), and doctoral supervisor (June 1999) of Tianjin University. He moved up the ranks to become dean of Graduate School in May 2017 and vice president in September 2018. He was a visiting scholar at the Robot Laboratory in Paris (2001), King's College London (2008), and the University of Michigan (2010).

In June 2022, he was appointed president of Chongqing University, a position at vice-ministerial level.

Honors and awards
 2013 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
 2016 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class)
 2020 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class)
 2021 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1966 births
Living people
People from Zhangjiakou
Scientists from Hebei
Hebei University of Technology alumni
Tianjin University alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Sea Bird 37 MS. The Sea Bird 37 MS is a Canadian sailboat that was designed by Stan Huntingford, Hardin International and Cooper Enterprises as a motorsailer and first built in 1973.

The Sea Bird 37 MS is a development of the Sea Bird 37.

Production
The design was built by Cooper Enterprises in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, starting in 1973, but the company went out of business in 1990 and it is now out of production.

Design
The Sea Bird 37 MS uses the same hull as the Sea Bird 37, but with a new deck incorporating a pilothouse designed by Forbes Cooper.

The design is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a nearly-plumb transom, a keel-hung rudder controlled by two wheels and a fixed long keel. One wheel is located in the open, aft cockpit and the other on the starboard side of the enclosed pilothouse. The boat displaces  and carries  of ballast.

Sharing the same hull and keel as the Sea Bird 37, the 37 MS has a draft of  with the standard long keel.

The boat is fitted with a British Perkins Engines diesel engine of  for cruising, docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, a straight settee in the main cabin and an aft  double settee berth on the port side in the pilothouse. The galley is located on the port side amidships. The galley is U-shaped and is equipped with a three-burner stove, an ice box and a sink. The pilothouse has a navigation and helm station on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the port side.

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 1984 review in Yachting magazine, writer Chris Caswell described the design as, "the purest motorsailer from this company".

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts 
Motorsailers
Sailboat type designs by Stan Huntingford
Sailboat types built by Cooper Enterprises
AIRO Group. The AIRO Group, also known as AIRO, is a US-based urban air mobility and drone ecosystem company founded in 2005. It is headquartered in Greater Chicago Area, Great Lakes, Midwestern US. Chirinjeev Kathuria as the AIRO group's executive chairman.

History and expansion 
AIRO is a multi-faceted air mobility, autonomy, and aerospace company focusing on urban air mobility and drone ecosystems. It was founded in 2005 to operate AIRO Drone and Agile Defense. It was established as an air drones base company.

In 2021, AIRO acquired Aspen Avionics and proceeded with a merger with Coastal Defense. On October 6, 2021, Jaunt Air Mobility entered into a merger with the AIRO group.  AIRO's subsidiary, Jaunt Air Mobility, advanced to the next phase of the AFWERX High-Speed Vertical Take-Off and Landing Concept Challenge for the United States Air Force and United States Special Operations Command.

AIRO confidentially submitted a draft registration statement on Form S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the proposed initial public offering of its common stock.

Description 
The company works over commercial, military, robotics, crewed/uncrewed aerial systems, and multi-modal aircraft and avionics systems. Other domains of this company include cargo transport and training. It addresses the entire drone ecosystem.

It has seven aerospace companies as its subsidiaries. AIRO Drone and Sky-Watch for commercial drones; Aspen Avionics for Advanced Avionics; Agile Defense and Coastal Defense for training; Jaunt Air Mobility for electric air mobility; Aironet are AIRO group subsidiaries.

Team 
Chirinjeev Kathuria is the AIRO group's executive chairman. Joe Burns serves as the chief executive officer of AIRO Drone and of Agile Defense; John Uczekaj is the president and chief executive officer of Aspen Avionics; Martin Schousboe is the chief executive officer of Sky-Watch; Pramod Raheja is the founder and chief executive officer of Airgility; Kyle Stanbro is the founder and president of Coastal Defense; Martin Peryea is the chief executive officer and chief technology officer of Jaunt Air Mobility.

Calin Rovinescu, former president and chief executive officer, Air Canada, and Mitch Garber, a global technology and growth capital investor, are investors and advisors for Jaunt Air Mobility.

Partnerships 
AIRO partnered with Stantec GenerationAV on June 24, 2021, to work on UAS aerial and autonomous platform solutions. Jaunt Air Mobility is working with L&T Technology Services Limited as an essential engineering partner. Jaunt Air Mobility advanced to the next phase of the AFWERX High-Speed Vertical Take-Off and Landing Concept Challenge for the United States Air Force and United States Special Operations Command.

References 

Urban air mobility
Technology companies of the United States
Technology in society
Jireh Industries. Jireh Industries is an electronic control module manufacturer which primarily manufacturers robotic corrosion scanners and welding scanners for use in the petroleum industry. The company's headquarters are in Ardrossan, Alberta, with additional offices in Houston and Rotterdam.

Background 
Jireh Industries was founded in the early 1980s. In 1987, the company built a food processing machine that created potatoes of a uniform size and shape; this was achieved by making an artificial potato skin out of bran and starch in a metal mold and subsequently pumping a mashed potato solution therein. Following the creation of this machine, the Edmonton Journal stated that the company had "built a reputation as machine shop innovators."

In February 1991, Jireh Industries presented to the Alberta Premier's Council of Science and Technology. This presentation took place under the Honourable Don Getty's premiership of Alberta. The University of Alberta's publication Folio listed Arthur Dubbeldam as "President" of Jireh Industries. Dubbeldam had previously been educated at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, obtaining his degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1977. 

In 2002, when reporting on the industrial growth of Strathcona County, Alberta, the National Post reported that "Jireh Industries... does aerospace quality machining and makes robots that inspect on-surface and underwater pipelines for cracks and corrosion."

Notes

See also 
 Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics
 Electronic control unit
 Jehovah-jireh

References

External links 
 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Canada
Leslie Phinney. Leslie M. Phinney is an American thermal engineer and an expert on microscale heat transfer, particularly involving thin films, surfaces, and boundaries between different materials. She is a researcher at Sandia National Laboratories.

Education and career
Phinney majored in aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, graduating in 1990. After a year at the University of Cambridge as a Churchill Scholar, she went to the University of California, Berkeley for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1994 and completing her Ph.D. in 1997.

She became a faculty member in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1997, and in 2003 moved to Sandia National Laboratories.

Recognition
Phinney was named a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 2010. In 2017 the Society of Women Engineers gave her their Prism Award, honoring her for "charting her own path throughout her career, providing leadership in technology fields and professional organizations along the way".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Sandia National Laboratories people
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Sekiji-ike Dam. Sekiji-ike is an earthfill dam located in Ehime Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 3.2 km2. The dam impounds about 10  ha of land when full and can store 1000 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1952 and completed in 1961.

References

Dams in Ehime Prefecture
1961 establishments in Japan
Jørgen Fredsøe. Jørgen Fredsøe (1947) is a Danish hydraulic engineer who is recognized for his contributions within bed form dynamics in rivers and the marine environment and coastal morphology including bars and beach undulations. Together with professor B. Mutlu Sumer he initiated the research on scour (erosion) in the seabed around coastal structures (such as offshore windturbines) applying detailed hydrodynamic interpretations. He was born in Randers, Denmark.

Academic life

Fredsøe has a M.Sc. in 1971 and a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering in 1974, Technical University of Denmark. In 1984 he got the Dr. Tech. title with the Thesis: Sediment Transport in Currents and Waves (see e.g.), also at the Technical University of Denmark. He joined the faculty in Civil Engineering from 1974, and became a full professor in 1985. In 1979 he was visiting researcher at Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, University of Iowa, USA.

Awards
Coastal Dynamic Award, 2005. Best paper awards, ASCE: American Society Civil Engineers), 1992 and 2005 (named Karl Emil Hilgard Prize). ISOPE Award 1992.

Research

The research covers six main topics:
River Morphology (bed forms, meandering/braiding) and sedimentation of navigation channels.
Sediment transport i flowing water and in combined waves and current (the coastal zone).
 Coastal morphology: Dynamics of bars, longshore undulations; long- and cross shore sediment transport in coastal zones.
 Wave boundary layers.
 Erosion around offshore structures.
 Forces on and vibration of offshore structures such as pipelines and wind turbine towers.
Invited review papers.
Research papers.

Books

The Mechanics of Scour in the Marin Environment
 Hydrodynamics Around Cylindrical Structures
 Mechanics of Coastal Sediment Transport
 Hydrodynamics

Other research activities

 Coordinator of SASME-Surf and swash zone mechanics (EU-funded) and several frame research programs financed by Danish Technical Research Council.
 Chairman (with prof. Seminara) for Euromech 215 "Sediment transport in the Marin and Fluvial Environment" and (with Prof. Foti) Euromech 251 "Sea Wave Boundary Layer".

Other

 Member of the council, the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) 1996–2000.
 Institute Director ISVA (Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering), DTU (Technical University of Denmark) 1996–2000.
 Next to his university job, he worked as a consultant for many Danish Consulting companies, especially DHI and LICengineering Ltd both specialized in Hydraulic Engineering. In addition he has worked for the Danish Coastal Authority, for the World Bank (China and Bangladesh) and for public authorities in US, Ireland and Iceland. Latest he had a two-year employment 2017–2020 in India (related to Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers).

References

20th-century Danish engineers
21st-century Danish engineers
Academic staff of the Technical University of Denmark
Hydraulic engineers
Living people
1947 births
Jean Pinet. Jean Pinet (born 13 September 1929) is a French aviator and aeronautical engineer; as a former Concorde test pilot, he was the first person to take Concorde supersonic, in early October 1969.

Early life
He grew up near Tarbes in south-west France. He attended the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace until 1952, gaining an engineering degree.

Career

French Air Force
He trained as pilot with the French Air Force, and trained in the US, returning to France in 1954.

He was stationed in Creil, when in the air force, and operated in the Dassault Ouragan and Dassault Mystère IV.

Research engineer
He left the air force in 1956 and joined the aeronautical research centre (Centre d'essais en vol) at Brétigny-sur-Orge in 1957, and also worked at the research centre's site at Cazaux Air Base.

In 1958 he acquired the test pilot licence, when training with EPNER (École du personnel navigant d'essais et de réception) at the Istres-Le Tubé Air Base on the southern edge of France.

Sud Aviation
He joined Sud Aviation in October 1965.
He first flew Concorde on 30 March 1969.
He last flew on Concorde on 19 April 1985, and remained as a test pilot for Airbus, and retired in 1994.

Concorde first went supersonic on Wednesday 1 October 1969 at  at  for ten minutes over France in Concorde 001. Another test pilot was Jean Franchi.

He was responsible for customer crew training of Concorde, and for the flight handling testing of Concorde. He has worked in the field of cognitive ergonomics, with regard to aviation safety and pilot training.

He was Secretary General from 1992 to 2004 of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace (AAE).

Books
 Facing the Unexpected in Flight: Human Limitations and Interaction with Technology in the Cockpit, 27 October 2015, CRC Press ISBN 9781498718714
 Les hommes de Concorde: Ils ont piloté la légende, JPO, 14 March 2019, ISBN 237301100X

References

1929 births
Living people
Airbus people
Cognitive ergonomics
Concorde pilots
French aerospace engineers
French Air and Space Force personnel
French aviators
French military aviators
French test pilots
People from Tarbes
Sud Aviation
Supaéro alumni
John Asman. John Asman is an American sound engineer. He won four Primetime Emmy Awards and was nominated for seventeen more in the category Outstanding Sound Mixing.

In 1994, Asman was awarded the Academy Award for Technical Achievement.

References

External links 

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American audio engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
William H. Helfand. William H. Helfand (May 21, 1926 – October 2, 2018) was an American collector, author, and authority on the history of medical ephemera and quackery. His many donations are held across numerous research institutions.

Biography 
William Hirsh Helfand was born on May 21, 1926, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Central High School in 1943. After two years in the army, in 1948 he earned a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1952 a degree in pharmacy from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science. He joined Merck, first in marketing division, spending over 33 years at the multinational pharmaceutical company. He was President of the French division from 1970 to 1974, and later a senior vice president of the international division when he retired in 1987.

While studying pharmacy, Helfand began collecting medical ephemera after taking a class in art at the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia. He continued to collect for over fifty years, at home and while on trips abroad working for Merck. He amassed a collection that included prints, posters, bookplates, caricatures, broadsides, trade cards, sheet music, and printed ephemera.

Helfand published widely on the social history of prints, posters, and pharmaceutical ephemera. He was awarded the Kremers Award in 1972 and the Urdang Medal in 1989 from the American Institute of the History of Pharmacy. He was the recipient of the Pepys Medal from the Ephemera Society in London in 1986. He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science and the Albany College of Pharmacy.

Helfand is the father of designer, author, and educator, Jessica Helfand.

Selected publications 
Helfand published numerous articles on the history of medicine and pharmacy. His published books include:

 Pharmacy: An Illustrated History (co-authored with David Cowen, 1990) 
 The Picture of Health (1991)
 Quack, Quack, Quack: The Sellers of Nostrums in Prints, Posters, Ephemera, & Books (2002)

External Resources 

 William Helfand collection of medical ephemera, Medical Historical Library, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University.
 William H. Helfand Collection, Online Archive of California.
 William H. Helfand Collection of Medical Prints and Posters, 1695-1991, bulk 1800-1899, Archives & Manuscripts, Duke University Library.
 William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards, The New York Academy of Medicine.
 William Helfand Phone Card Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
 William H. Helfand Popular Medicine Collection, The Library Company of Philadelphia.

References 

1926 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
Writers from Philadelphia
Arrival Bus. The Arrival Bus is a proposed low-floor single-decker electric bus model manufactured by British electric vehicle producer Arrival. Prototypes of the bus commenced construction and entered beta testing in 2020, with the first prototype unveiling occurring in November 2021. Ongoing testing of prototypes is expected, with full-scale production stated to begin by the end of 2022.

Arrival has secured a letter of intent with Ember to serve as the primary launch customer for the Arrival Bus, while FirstGroup will conduct additional testing across the United Kingdom.

The Arrival Bus will be available in two primary models: the Arrival Bus B10, spanning 10.5 meters (34 ft), and the Arrival Bus B12, measuring 12 meters (39 ft) and accommodating up to 36 passenger seats. Distribution will extend to both European and North American markets, with manufacturing operations planned at Arrival's primary facility in Bicester, Oxfordshire, for the European market, and at a microfactory in Rock Hill, South Carolina, for the North American market.

In May 2022, the Arrival Bus obtained safety certification from the European Union, clearing the path for production to commence. However, in August 2022, Arrival announced a pause in the development of its bus and car projects, leading to the postponement of trials with FirstGroup.

The Arrival Bus factory in Bicester was purchased by Wrightbus in 2024, who used the site to launch a new battery-electric bus repowering subsidiary company named NewPower in June 2024.

References 

Single-deck buses
Low-floor buses
Electric buses
Vehicles introduced in 2020
Arrival (company)
Consuelo Milner. Consuelo "Connie" Stokes Milner (May 30, 1927 – September 4, 2020)  was an American engineer, cryptographer, and educator.

Early life
Milner originally worked in dress design before going into engineering.
She was a member of Phi Delta Kappa, education honor society.

Scientific career
Milner worked as an electrical engineer at the Brooklyn Navy Yard at the GS-12 level.  She received this promotion after 10 years of service. Milner was the first woman to hold that high of a position ever.  Her work was considered to be classified. Milner's work also included Cryptography for the Naval Applied Science Lab.

Patent
Milner held a US patent for thermally stabilized crystal units.  This was a method for producing electricity.

Later career
Milner later became a mathematics teacher.

References

African-American mathematicians
African-American women mathematicians
African-American schoolteachers
American computer scientists
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American women computer scientists
American women physicists
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
20th-century American women mathematicians
21st-century American women mathematicians
20th-century American educators
20th-century American women educators
21st-century African-American people
1927 births
2020 deaths