omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Devpost. Devpost (formerly ChallengePost) is a platform that helps software engineers participate in software competitions (hackathons). Customers market their developer tools and jobs to the Devpost community. The company was founded by Brandon Kessler in 2009.

Origin 
In 2006, Colin Nederkoorn initiated a public contest prompting programmers to develop a means for running the Windows XP operating system through an Intel Mac. Programmer Jesus Lopez eventually won the competition, which had accumulated over $13,000 in donations.  Seeing this competition, Kessler soon developed ChallengePost as a means through which similar competitions could be facilitated and promoted.

At first, the company allowed any individual or organization to post a competition. Over time, their scope evolved. In 2015, ChallengePost changed its name to Devpost and focused exclusively on helping software engineers participate in hackathons, and eventually to find jobs.

Funding  

In August 2011, ChallengePost raised $4.6 million in Series A funding from investors including former Apple executive Bob Borchers of Opus Capital and Qualcomm founder Irwin Jacobs.

Hackathons and Jobs 

Devpost now powers the majority of the world's in-person and online hackathons (software competitions), and helps software engineers find jobs, in service of the company's mission "To help developers find fulfilling work." After 2019, the platform saw a surge in online hackathons hosted on the platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Notable clients 

In 2010, ChallengePost was named the official online "challenge platform" of the U.S. federal government, previously overseeing the NYC Big Apps contest in conjunction with the city of New York, as well as Michelle Obama's Apps for Healthy Kids challenge in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. (Challenge.gov).

Devpost customers include Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Cisco, Atlassian, Twitter, and others.

See also 
 HackerEarth

References 

Internet properties established in 2009
Open innovation intermediaries
2009 establishments in New York City
Technology companies based in New York City
Fuel viscosity control. Fuel viscosity control is a technique to control viscosity and temperature of fuel oil (FO) for efficient combustion in diesel engines of motor vessels and generators of oil-fired power plants.

Fuel oil's viscosity strongly depends on the temperature, the higher is the temperature the lower is the viscosity. For optimal combustion the viscosity of the fuel should be in the range of 10–20cSt. To maintain this value a combination of viscometer, PID controller and heater is used. Viscometer measures the actual viscosity of the fuel, this value is compared with the set point in the controller and the command is sent to the heater to adjust the temperature of the fuel.

See also
Diesel fuel
Fuel oil
Viscosity 	
Viscometer

Engine fuel system technology
EthosCE. EthosCE is a learning management system for the administration of continuing medical education in nursing, pharmacy and other healthcare-related programs. Developed by DLC Solutions, it provides interfaces for organizations to produce and manage continuing education websites. Distribution is provided as a software-as-a-service web application.

The administrative interface allows users to administer the system through a web browser and supports online and mobile registration of learners and communication for in-person and online training events. The application includes online transcripts, tracking of professional certifications, and an integration with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Program and Reporting System (PARS) web service.

API
The EthosCE Course object API can be used to define learning objects to be added to a workflow with built in support for Drupal nodes to be part of a course requirement workflow including multiple course objects. The API allows other content/assessments or non-Drupal (external) objects to be delivered and tracked as course content, and it provides access to taking or enrolling learners into courses.

Development
EthosCE was originally released 14 April 2009 by DLC Solutions. Version 7.4 discontinued support for creating Moodle course objects and integrated an external SCORM/TinCan/xAPI player and was released 12 December 2014.

See also
 List of learning management systems

References

External links
 

Learning management systems
Continuing education
Virtual learning environments
Cloud applications
Siemens-Schuckert D.VI. The Siemens-Schuckert D.VI was a single engine, single seat, parasol wing German fighter aircraft flown in 1919.

Design and development
The Idflieg ordered three prototypes of the parasol winged E.IV in April 1918. Renamed D.VI in September, two were completed early in 1919, after the Armistice with Germany.

In plan the wing of the D.VI was more complicated than most, with the chord narrowest in the centre section, increasing outwards then decreasing somewhat towards the wing tips from about mid-span. Most of the curvature was on the trailing edge, assisting the pilot's vision from his cockpit there.   The wing thickness also varied along the span, thinnest in the centre then increasing and decreasing again. The wing carried overhung, balanced ailerons and was braced with a pair of slightly converging, outward leaning struts to the thickest part of the wing from the lower fuselage.  Its centre section was supported by a pair of short, vertical N-form cabane struts from the upper fuselage.

The fuselage of the D.VI was circular in cross-section, with its 11-cylinder,  Siemens-Halske Sh.IIIa rotary engine completely cowled in the nose driving a four blade propeller.  The fuselage diameter decreased markedly to the tail but an unusual jettisonable fuel tank bulged out below for about 35% of the overall length.  The blunt delta shaped tailplane was mounted at mid-fuselage height and had a single balanced elevator.  The fin was small, with a generous, balanced, swept back, blunt topped rudder.  The fighter had a simple, fixed conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on a single axle supported by wire braced  V-struts to the lower fuselage.  Its tall tailskid was faired aft forming a little ventral fin.

The D.VI was test flown between February and May 1919 with promising speed and climb rates, though one of the two prototypes was lost.  The other was reputedly destroyed by the Siemens-Schuckert staff to prevent its acquisition by the Aeronautical Inter-Allied Commission of Control, that began work in 1918.

Specifications

See also
 Fokker D.VIII 
 LFG Roland D.XVI 
 Rumpler D.I 
 Zeppelin-Lindau D.I

References

D.VI
Parasol-wing aircraft
1910s German fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Rotary-engined aircraft
Bloch–Grüneisen temperature. For typical three-dimensional metals, the temperature-dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ(T) due to the scattering of electrons by acoustic phonons changes from a high-temperature regime in which ρ ∝ T to a low-temperature regime in which ρ ∝ T5 at a characteristic temperature known as the Debye temperature. For low density electron systems, however, the Fermi surface can be substantially smaller than the size of the Brillouin zone, and only a small fraction of acoustic phonons can scatter off electrons. This results in a new characteristic temperature known as the Bloch–Grüneisen temperature that is lower than the Debye temperature. The Bloch–Grüneisen temperature is defined as 2ħvskF/kB, where ħ is the Planck constant, vs is the velocity of sound, ħkF is the Fermi momentum, and kB is the Boltzmann constant.

When the temperature is lower than the Bloch–Grüneisen temperature, the most energetic thermal phonons have a typical momentum of kBT/vs which is smaller than ħkF, the momentum of the conducting electrons at the Fermi surface. This means that the electrons will only scatter in small angles when they absorb or emit a phonon. In contrast when the temperature is higher than the Bloch–Grüneisen temperature, there are thermal phonons of all momenta and in this case electrons will also experience large angle scattering events when they absorb or emit a phonon. In many cases, the Bloch–Grüneisen temperature is approximately equal to the Debye temperature (usually written ), which is used in modeling specific heat capacity. However, in particular circumstances these temperatures can be quite different.

The theory was initially put forward by Felix Bloch and Eduard Grüneisen. The Bloch–Grüneisen temperature has been observed experimentally in a two-dimensional electron gas and in graphene.

Mathematically, the Bloch–Grüneisen model produces a resistivity given by:

.

Here,   is a characteristic temperature (typically matching well with the Debye temperature). Under Bloch's original assumptions for simple metals, . For , this can be approximated as  dependence. In contrast, the so called Bloch–Wilson limit, where  works better for s-d inter-band scattering, such as with transition metals. The second limit gives  at low temperatures. In practice, which model is more applicable depends on the particular material.

References

Scattering
Mesoscopic physics
Nanoelectronics
Electrical resistance and conductance
Temperature
List of defence research centers in Hyderabad. Hyderabad, India is a major hub of Defense research and missile technology in India. The city houses many multinational and Indian premier research centers for defense technology.

Indian Premier Defence Centers
 

 Advanced Numerical Research and Analysis Group (ANURAG)
 Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL)
 Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL)
 Research Centre Imarat (RCI)
 Centre for Advanced Systems (CAS)

Private Partnership

 Tata Advanced Systems (TAS)
 Saab India Technology Centre (SITC)
 DuPont Ballistics Facility (DBF)
 National Balloon Facility (NBF)

References
Growth of Defence sector in Hyderabad
Foreign collaboration
Detail information about DRDO
Comprehensive Information

Defence research centers
Hyderabad
Hyderabad, defence research centers
Real-time communication. Real-time communication (RTC) is a category of software protocols and communication hardware media that gives real-time guarantees, which is necessary to support real-time guarantees of real-time computing. Real-time communication protocols are dependent not only on the validity and integrity of data transferred but also the timeliness of the transfer. Real-time communication systems are generally understood as one of two types: Hard Real-Time (HRT) and Soft Real-Time (SRT). The difference between a hard and soft real-time communication system is the consequences of incorrect operation. Safety-critical systems capable of causing catastrophic consequences upon a fault, such as aircraft fly-by-wire systems, are designated as hard real-time, whereas non-critical but ideally real-time systems, such as hotel reservation systems, are designated as soft real-time. The designation of a real-time communication system as hard or soft has significant influence on its design.

Hard real-time systems 
Hard real-time communication systems are frequently electromechanically linked to a physical mechanism, often one that interfaces directly with people or property, which often contributes to or defines the potential danger of a fault. Due to their safety-critical nature, the communication protocols defined in a hard real-time system generally must be deterministic. Hard real-time communication systems are particularly common in the transportation, industrial, and medical sectors. Common applications include control systems, automotive controllers, medical devices, and critical safety systems such as airbag firing computers.

Examples 

 The spacecraft communication network SpaceWire supports real-time communication.
 Time-Triggered Ethernet supports real-time synchronous communication in complex multi-hop Ethernet networks.

Soft real-time systems 

Unlike hard real-time communication systems, soft real-time communication systems generally do not have the capacity to cause catastrophic harm upon a fault, which allows for non-deterministic, less rigorous network infrastructure. This allows soft real-time communication systems to operate over consumer networks such as residential internet connections and cellular networks. A large amount of soft real-time systems are telecommunications products such as VoIP systems and certain video calling platforms such as Discord and Google Meet. Data transmitted over a soft real-time communication system is not stored in a centralized server, and peers are connected directly to one another rather than through a server, although intermediary connecting nodes between peers are allowed when a direct link cannot be established.

Examples 

 WebRTC, an open-source real-time communication framework for mobile applications and web browsers, is the current most prominent implementation of real-time communication in the web-oriented telecommunications space.

References

Communication software
Voice over IP
Multimedia
Wheego Technologies. Autonomous Fusion is an American autonomous vehicle company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The company develops vehicle technologies including software, systems, tools for autonomous vehicles and self-driving cars, artificial intelligence/machine learning, and IoT connected devices for the home, business and roadway. The company is led by CEO Mike McQuary.

Autonomous Fusion began as an electric car company Wheego  Electric Cars in June 2009 as a spin-out from Rough and Tuff Electric Vehicles (RTEV), a manufacturer of battery-powered recreational electric vehicles, producing two models: the Wheego Whip and Wheego LiFe. Wheego turned to mainly developing tools and systems for autonomous vehicles in 2015, and the company name was changed to Wheego Technologies in 2016 before adopting its current name in 2018. Autonomous Fusion has offices in Atlanta and Sonoma, California.

Products

Wheego Whip 

Wheego Electric Cars' first automobile was the Whip, a two-seat compact car that was launched in the United States in August 2009, in partnership with Shuanghuan Auto. The car is based on the Shuanghuan Noble platform manufactured by Shuanghuan in China, with final assembly, including the motor, drive train, controller, electronic components and programming, completed in the United States. It was marketed exclusively by Wheego in North America, Japan and the Caribbean as a low-speed vehicle (maximum speed of ) or medium-speed vehicle () depending on local state regulations.

Wheego LiFe 

The LiFe, a highway-capable version with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, began selling in April 2011 and ceased production in 2013. The LiFe, similar to the Whip, was a small-sized car sourced from China fitted with an electric drivetrain and batteries installed in California. It is driven by a 60 horsepower electric synchronous induction motor attached to a 60 kilowatt-hour lithium battery pack. Priced at $32,995, it was marketed as a commuter car.  It became the third all-electric highway speed street legal car for sale in the United States after the Tesla Roadster and the Nissan Leaf. It is electronically limited to , and has an advertised range of approximately 100 miles on a single charge. The LiFe can be recharged using either a standard 120V connection or an industry-standard Level 2 Charging Station.

References

External links

Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2009
Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Atlanta
Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad. The  Baltimore and Lehigh Railroad (B&L) was a 19th-century,  narrow gauge railroad in Maryland and Pennsylvania. It operated freight and passenger trains on its main line between Baltimore and York, Pennsylvania.

History
The Baltimore and Lehigh was the result of an 1891 merger between the Maryland Central Railway (MCRY) and the York and Peach Bottom Railway (Y&PB). The two lines shared a common terminus: Delta, Pennsylvania. Delta was the site of slate quarries which provided significant freight revenue for the railroads. The MCRY had acquired control of the Y&PB in 1889 and began running through-service trains between York and Baltimore. The Maryland Central owners were interested in expanding the line further north into Pennsylvania.

The Baltimore and Lehigh experienced several serious accidents during its few years in operation. It also had acquired the liabilities from an accident of its predecessor, the Maryland Central. These expenses contributed to a bankruptcy action in 1893. The Maryland and Pennsylvania sections of the railroad were then sold off separately in 1894. The York Southern Railroad acquired the Pennsylvania portion, and the Maryland portion was acquired by a new company, the Baltimore and Lehigh Railway.

Successor lines
In 1895 the York Southern converted its tracks to , and in 1900 the Baltimore and Lehigh Railway did likewise on the Maryland tracks. 

The York Southern merged with the Baltimore and Lehigh Railway in 1901, to form the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad. The new company announced that it planned to build a branch line from Red Lion to Columbia, Pennsylvania, to connect with the Reading Railroad. However, this idea was not implemented and the railroad never succeeded in expanding northward beyond York.

See also
List of defunct Pennsylvania railroads
List of Maryland railroads

Footnotes

References

 

Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
Defunct Maryland railroads
Narrow gauge railroads in Pennsylvania
Narrow gauge railroads in Maryland
Railway companies established in 1891
Railway companies disestablished in 1901
3 ft gauge railways in the United States
1891 establishments in Maryland
1891 establishments in Pennsylvania
American companies established in 1891
Olympicene. Olympicene  is an organic carbon-based molecule formed of five rings, of which four are benzene rings, joined in the shape of the Olympic rings.

The molecule was conceived in March 2010 as a way to celebrate the 2012 London Olympics by Graham Richards of University of Oxford and Antony Williams. It was first synthesized by researchers Anish Mistry and David Fox of the University of Warwick in the UK. Relative energies of olympicene and its isomers were first predicted from quantum electronic-structure computations by Andrew Valentine and David Mazziotti of the University of Chicago.

Electron counting
Olympicene has 18 pi electrons in its ring system; as it is a flat molecule, this makes it an aromatic molecule. The central ring is not an aromatic ring.

Related compounds
A very similar molecule (benzo[c]phenanthrene) which lacks the −CH2− spacer between the two sides of the molecule has been known for many years. This earlier molecule has been studied by X-ray crystallography and due to the steric clash between two hydrogen atoms the molecule is not flat. It is likely that the olympicene is flatter, as no steric clash will exist between the two rings.

A molecule where the −CH2− spacer has been replaced with a ketone (C=O) group (naphthanthrone) has been known for decades. Molecules where the −CH2− spacer has been replaced with oxygen and sulfur atoms have been known for some time. The sulfur compound has a C–S–C angle of 104.53°, which suggests that the sulfur atom is an sp3-hybridized atom rather than being sp2. This suggests that the sulfur atom is not part of the pi system of the molecule.

Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff of the University of Nottingham has pointed out that the Olympic rings are interlinked, rather than tangent as in olympicene, and that a better likeness could be made using catenanes. A catenane-based olympic molecule was synthesized in 1994 by Fraser Stoddart and given the name olympiadane.

Synthesis
The synthesis starts using a Wittig reaction of pyrene carboxaldehyde. To obtain the ylide needed, firstly triphenyl phosphine is reacted with ethyl bromoacetate to form a phosphonium salt; after treatment of this salt with a mild base, the ylide can be reacted with the aldehyde in toluene. After hydrogenation of the alpha,beta unsaturated carbonyl compound using hydrogen and palladium in ethyl acetate the ester was converted into the acid chloride using potassium hydroxide, acid and then thionyl chloride. By means of a Friedel–Crafts reaction using aluminium chloride in dichloromethane a ketone was formed. On reduction of this ketone using lithium aluminium hydride the alcohol 3,4-dihydro-5H-benzo[cd]pyren-5-ol was obtained, the 3,4-dihydro-5H-benzo[cd]pyren-5-ol was treated with an acid in the form of ion exchange resin to furnish the product.

Images
Preliminary images of it were made using scanning tunnelling microscopy. More detailed images were made by IBM researchers in Zurich using non-contact atomic force microscopy in 2012.

See also
 List of chemical compounds with unusual names
 Olympiadane

References

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic culture
Gameframe. A Gameframe is a hybrid computer system that was first used in the online video game industry. It is a combination of the technologies and architectures for supercomputers and mainframes, namely high computing power and high throughput.

History 
In 2007, Hoplon and IBM jointly started the gameframe project, in which they used an IBM System z mainframe computer with attached Cell/B.E. blades (the eight-core parallel-processing chips that power Sony's PlayStation 3) to host their online game Taikodom.
The project was carried further by a co-operation between IBM and the University of California, San Diego in 2009.

System z provides a high level of security and massive workload handling, ensuring the execution of its administrative tasks and guaranteeing an enduring connectivity to a huge number of clients. Cell/B.E. takes over the most resource demanding calculations thus enabling System z to fulfill its job.

The combination is both an effective and financially attractive game server system, as the most computation-intensive tasks are offloaded from the expensive CPU cycles of System z and carried out on the more economical Cell blades. Without offloading, the server system required would not be financially feasible.

The gameframe can handle the required transactions (e.g., keeping track of each user's spaceships, weapons, and virtual money even between the players) and the simulation (trajectory of objects and checking for collisions) in a unified and consistent fashion.
Thus, it can host a few thousand users at a time, and higher efficiency is experienced when more users are added.

Games with numerous players like World of Warcraft, have tackled this problem by splitting the work among multiple clusters, creating duplicate worlds that don't communicate.

The Cell-augmented mainframe runs Hoplon's virtual-world middleware, called bitVerse, which uses IBM's WebSphere XD and DB2 software.

Around the gameframe, the IBM Virtual Universe Community has evolved.

References

External links 
 "To Probe Further: The Gameframe Guild" Aug 2008 at ieee.org
 "Mainframes on the Cutting Edge of Technology: Hoplon Infotainment’s Gameframe"  Sept 11, 2008 at mainframezone.com
 "Sun and I.B.M. to Offer New Class of High-End Servers" Apr 26, 2007 at nytimes.com

Videos 
 Hoplon Infotainment, Brazil startup and maker of Taikodom online video game 27 Apr 2009 at YouTube
 Brazil Trip -- Hoplon Infotainment 20 Sept 2007 at YouTube
 Mainframes in Brazil 20 Sept 2007 at YouTube

Cell BE architecture
IBM mainframe computers
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Server hardware
Computing terminology
Classes of computers