omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maryland Coastal Bays Program. The Maryland Coastal Bays Program (MCBP) is one of the 28 United States National Estuary Programs created in the 1987 Amendments to the Clean Water Act. The program, organized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, is a non-regulatory federal-state-local collaboration working to restore water quality and conserve the natural resources of the bay system adjacent to Ocean City, Maryland and Assateague Island. The partnership works with municipalities, non-profits, governmental agencies, and businesses; and helps develop, find funding for, and implement projects and programs aimed at improving the health of the estuary. The partnership either directly implements these projects, or administers and manages grants, holds educational workshops and highlights project results.

The program operates the Maryland Coastal Bays Foundation (IRS EIN 52-2123356), a private, non-profit corporation which develops and implements a Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan for Maryland’s Coastal Bays and supports conservation and educational activities.

The bays managed under the program are:
 Assawoman Bay
 Chincoteague Bay
 Isle of Wight Bay
 Newport Bay
 Sinepuxent Bay
 St. Martin River.

Water quality
In 2021 the program reported that overall water quality in the bays declined during 2019-2020, mainly associated with decline in seagrass and hard clams. Nutrient pollution in the bays were at moderate levels, and the program continues to monitor for harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are often caused by excess nutrients.

Projects
The program has conducted environmental monitoring of HABs offshore from the bays, focusing on nutrient pollution and occurrences of Dinophysis, Karenia and Pseudo-nitzschia.

In 2021 the program worked with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources to establish a nesting project for Common terns on an artificial island in Chincoteague Bay.

References

Charities based in Maryland
Environmental organizations based in Maryland
Coastal Bays
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Syrris Ltd. Syrris Ltd is a British multinational corporation based in Royston, United Kingdom. It manufactures chemical reactors for research and development chemists and is a market leader in flow chemistry products. The company has subsidiary offices in the United States, Japan, India and Brazil and is supported by approximately 35 distributors worldwide.

As of mid-2013, the company employs about 40 chemists, engineers, manufacturing, operations, marketing and sales staff in its Royston, UK head office and other offices worldwide.

History 

The company was founded by Mark Gilligan and Richard Gray in August 2001, and used to be part of the Blacktrace Holdings Group, which also includes The Dolomite Centre Ltd. On January 1, 2020, Syrris was acquired by Asahi Glassplant UK. Since 2001, Syrris have developed and manufactured new technologies for the pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry industries, including grant-funded projects.

In 2004 Syrris developed the AFRICA (Automated Flow Reaction Incubation and Control Apparatus) flow chemistry system in partnership with GlaxoSmithKline to accelerate the medicinal chemistry element of drug discovery. In 2006 Syrris launched FRX, a low-cost alternative to AFRICA, and Atlas, an automated laboratory scale batch reactor. In 2011, Syrris added 2 new products to its portfolio, the Globe chemical reactor platform and the Asia flow chemistry system, which was a recipient of an R&D100 Award in June 2012.

Products and Innovations 

Syrris designs and manufactures products for chemists including flow chemistry, microreactor and automation technology products. The products are for use in different applications, such as process chemistry, discovery chemistry, crystallization, and other chemistry related applications.

Operations 

Since 2001 Syrris has focused heavily on global exports. At the end of 2007, the company launched 2 new product ranges, and with these new products, the company expanded their distribution network into markets such as India, Japan, Italy and Australia. Currently the company exports over 90% of their products, with 35% of this business in Asia.

In January 2010 it was announced that Syrris were to open their latest global subsidiary office in Brazil, a move backed by UK Trade & Investment with the aim of increasing trade with South America. This has been praised by the incumbent Business Secretary, Vince Cable, who in October 2010 said "it is clear to me that there is great untapped potential in the UK’s business relationship with Brazil. Syrris is one company that is clearly leading the way."

See also 
 Batch reactor
 Chemical reactor
 Flow chemistry
 Jacketed vessel
 Microreactor
 Dolomite Bio

References

External links
 Blacktrace – Holding company  
 Syrris – Official website

Laboratory equipment manufacturers
Companies established in 2001
Military sketching board. The military sketching board was designed to be used on horseback. The board incorporates a compass, an inclinometer, a ruler, a roll of paper and an arm buckle.

Description
The board was designed to be strapped to the arm of a cavalryman on the arm that he held the horses bridle with. The board is attached to the leather buckle with a swivel joint. This means that the user can twist the whole board on their arm to ensure that the compass alignment is clear. The board incorporates a compass for this purpose. The user can then use the supplied ruler. In earlier versions this was attached with rubber bands but later versions had the ruler permanently attached. The paper was about  long and was rolled around one of the side rollers. As a sketch was completed then the paper roll was advanced to supply more clear paper. On the back of the board is an Inclinometer to allow the severity of ascents to be recorded.

History
The board was originally designed by Colonel W H Richards, who taught military surveying at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in about 1880 before he went on to teach in India.  The board was improved by Major (later Colonel) William Willoughby Cole Verner who had briefly been Professor of Topography at Sandhurst. He patented improvements in 1887 and 1891 and the board became known as Verner's. Verner published his own guide to the sketching board in 1889. However the board was not universally loved and some referred to it as "The damnable cavalry sketching board".

In the 1930s very similar devices were used by solo aviators. The device was strapped to the arm or leg and was loaded with maps rather than sketching paper.

One of these devices is in the collection of the National Museums of Scotland.

References

Cavalry
Surveying instruments
Hankyu 9000 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated in Japan by the private railway operator Hankyu Railway since 2006.

Formations
As of 1 April 2013, the fleet consisted of eleven eight-car sets formed as follows, with three motored (M) cars and five non-powered trailer (T) cars.

The "Mc1" and "M1" cars are each fitted with two single-arm pantographs.

References

External links

 Hankyu 9000 series (Japan Railfan Magazine Online) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
9000 series
Hitachi multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Alna Sharyo rolling stock
Arriscope (medicine). Arriscope is a fully digital operating microscope delivering high-definition output streams in 3D and is developed and manufactured by Arri. The Arriscope has been presented to the public in a prototype version in May 2013 on the 84th Annual Meeting of the German Society
of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. A release date was not published yet.

Technology 

The microscope is based on the famous Arri Alexa camera system and
its stereoscopic optics and the led illumination are specially designed to match the camera sensor specifications.
The camera system is carried by a balanced 6-axis stand with pneumatic-driven breaks.
The camera itself produces two full-HD streams that can be displayed on electronic binoculars 
and also on a 3D monitor with polarization glasses.
Further specifications have not been released yet as they might change in the final product.

Potential advantages over an optical system 

In contrast to conventional optical microscopes it enables patients, students and staff
to see precisely the same view as the surgeon.
Moreover, the same quality images can be recorded for documentation and educative purposes.

References

External links 
ARRI Medical Website
Arriscope Product Page

Surgical instruments
Microscopes
Mašinska Industrija Niš. Mašinska industrija Niš (; abbr. MIN) or Mechanical Industry Niš, is a Serbian holding corporation headquartered in Niš, Serbia. It is engaged in the energy, mining, process engineering, equipment for agriculture and a railways program. It declared bankruptcy in April 2015.

History
MIN was founded in 1884 as Railways workshop () for the maintenance and repair of rolling stock. It was founded after construction of Belgrade-Niš railway. By the year 1890 the assembly, sawmills, steel foundry, forge, pattern shop and tool room were established. With their integration and the integration of other sectors that have emerged later, the Mechanical Industry Niš (MIN) was founded.

MIN was one of the main companies who maintained Yugoslav Railways diesel locomotives. It has also produced several diesel locomotives series for both railways and industry. At peak MIN employed 17.000 workers.

In April 2015, around 500 employees took severance payments and the company went into bankruptcy procedure.

Products

Locomotives

Diesel-hydraulic locomotive DHL-600 class 734
Diesel-hydraulic locomotive DHL-650 class 735
Diesel-hydraulic locomotive DHL-200
Diesel-hydraulic locomotive DHL-450 U
Diesel-hydraulic locomotive DHSL-3,0 
Diesel-hydraulic draisine DHD-200 class 915
Heavy motor draisine TMD-25
Heavy motor draisine TMD-22
Light motor draisine LMD-9
Motor draisine for maintenance of catenary TMD-22 km
Heavy motor draisine for building and maintenance of catenary TMD-42 km

Holding members before process of privatization

LIV MIN
MIN Sivi liv
MIN Obojeni metali
MIN Modelara
MIN Kovačnica
MIN Presa
MIN Svrljig
MIN Izgradnja
MIN Lokomotiva
MIN Vagonka
MIN Čelik
MIN AGH
MIN FAM
MIN Projekat
MIN Specijalna vozila
MIN Metal Merošina
MIN Balkan
MIN Mont
MIN Oprema
MIN Fitip
MIN Inženjering
MIN Tehnoproces
MIN Niš Mont
MIN OMIN
MIN Jedinstvo
MIN Komerc
MIN Institut
MIN Inspekt
MIN Skretnice
MIN ERC
MIN Zaštita
MIN Gas

References

External links
 Vossloh MIN Skretnice d.o.o
 Blok Signal d.o.o. Niš

1884 establishments in Serbia
Companies based in Niš
D.o.o. companies in Serbia
Defunct companies of Serbia
Locomotive manufacturers of Serbia
Manufacturing companies established in 1884
Rail transport in Serbia
Rolling stock manufacturers of Serbia
Serbian brands
George E. Davis Medal. The George E. Davis Medal is a medal of the IChemE given not more frequently than every three years, for achievements in chemical engineering.  It is named after George E. Davis.

Davis medallists 
Source:  IChemE

 1965 - Arthur Joseph Victor Underwood (1897-1972), consulting chemical engineer
 1969 - Frank E. Ireland, Chief Alkali Inspector
 1973 - J. M. Coulson
 1977 - Sir Denis Rooke
 1982 - Sir Maurice Hodgson
 1988 - Sir Geoffrey Allen
 1991 - Jacques Villermaux
 1998 - Ian Robinson, CEO, Scottish Power
 2001 - Sir David Harrison
 2004 - Sir David King
 2011 - Andrew N. Liveris
 2016 - Roland Clift

See also
List of engineering awards
List of chemistry awards
List of prizes named after people

References

British awards
Chemical engineering awards
Awards established in 1865
Polygonal turning. Polygonal turning (or polygon turning) is a machining process which allows non-circular forms (polygons) to be machine turned without interrupting the rotation of the raw material.

Technical details
Polygonally turned parts may have several points, teeth, or other forms at the ends or along their circumference. The technique requires synchronisation of the movement of the polygonal turning mill and the part being machined. Polygonal turning allows rapid production and clean machining of advanced geometries. 

The polygon turning unit has a multitude of inserts, and is synchronized so that when an insert cuts the turning bar stock, it cuts the bar at the same radial position each time the workpiece rotates. This enables geometries such as hexes, squares and flats to be machined at faster speeds than by milling.

Historical notes
The Polygonal Turning Corporation of Marquette, Michigan manufactured shaped joinery products for domestic use during the 1890s.

References

External links
CNC Turning
CNC Machining

Turning
Polygons
Swiss Diamond International. Swiss Diamond International is a Swiss based cookware company. It is a privately held company, headquartered in Sierre, Switzerland and founded in 2001.  

The company was founded to oversee production of cookware with the coating after it was awarded a gold medal at the International Inventor’s Fair in Geneva in 1999.

In addition to a variety of different cookware models, the brand features knives, blenders and a selection of silicone tools.

History

HORT Coating Center
In 1974, HORT Coating Center SA was founded in Sierre, Switzerland as a research company that explored nonstick materials and coating surfaces. HORT used wet-spraying and powder-spraying processes to coat a wide range of products, including machinery parts for airplanes, coffee makers, and Swiss watches. Prior to 1999, HORT Coating Center used a titanium-reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene nonstick coating.

In the early 1990s, the HORT Coating Center began testing methods for improving the coating, the main criteria being better hardness and thermal conductivity. These criteria led to diamonds, in the form of tiny particles.  Diamonds are the hardest natural substance, and HORT discovered that their low coefficient of friction added to their utility as reinforcement for Polytetrafluoroethylene nonstick coatings. The Swiss Diamond "SD" coating was released after two years of preliminary testing to determine the most cost-effective formulation and application process.

Swiss Diamond International
In 1999, HORT Coating Center received the gold medal at the International Inventor’s Fair in Geneva, for the diamond-reinforced nonstick coating. Soon after, it was revealed that the coating could be used on not only machinery parts but also on nonstick cookware, which started to appear in the marketplace in the 1950s. In 2001, HORT Coating Center became the manufacturing center for Swiss Diamond International, dedicated to the production of nonstick cookware.

Nonstick Coatings

HD Coating
As part of their research and development efforts, Swiss Diamond International developed a new formula for the coating in the early 2000s. The new coating is high-density, abbreviated "HD". By exchanging twenty per cent of the formula's components, the engineers were able to improve the coating's performance in industry-standard abrasion tests. The coating was improved by more than thirty percent in both nonstick release performance and longevity over time. The coating formula was patented by HORT Coating Center, and is used exclusively on Swiss Diamond cookware. In 2002, Swiss Diamond International released a line of induction cookware with the diamond reinforced coating.

XD Coating	
Swiss Diamond also sells a proprietary XD coating as an alternative to their HD coating. The XD coating is more durable and has better food release properties.

References

Kitchenware brands
Sawra. Sawra, also called Saraswati Nagar, is a village fall in subdivision rohru in Shimla district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It is a village situated at the banks of Pabbar River and it is about 103 kilometres away from Shimla and 12 kilometres away from Rohru. Sawra is also famous for Sawra Kuddu Hydro Electric Project.

The plant is one of the few projects in the Yamuna basin, where the government of Himachal Pradesh has identified a hydro potential of 1044.82 MW (shared between HP and Uttarakhand state). The state company HPPCL has created a Special Purpose Vehicle, namely, Pabbar Valley Power Corporation for execution of these projects on the same river. The Project was scheduled for completion in December 2011.

Geography
Hatkoti is located at . It has an average elevation of 1,465 m.

Education
There are many schools and college located here. Some of the popular schools in the village are D.A.V. Senior Secondary Public School, Shivalik International Public School and Government Senior Secondary School. Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College is also located in the village.

See also
Nearby Towns :-
 Rohru
 Jubbal

References

Villages in Shimla district
Hash tree (persistent data structure). In computer science, a hash tree (or hash trie) is a persistent data structure that can be used to implement sets and maps, intended to replace hash tables in purely functional programming. In its basic form, a hash tree stores the hashes of its keys, regarded as strings of bits, in a trie, with the actual keys and (optional) values stored at the trie's "final" nodes.

Hash array mapped tries and Ctries are refined versions of this data structure, using particular type of trie implementations.

References

Functional data structures
Hashing
Hyperscale computing. In computing, hyperscale is the ability of an architecture to scale appropriately as increased demand is added to the system.

This typically involves the ability to seamlessly provide and add compute, memory, networking, and storage resources to a given node or set of nodes that make up a larger computing, distributed computing, or grid computing environment. Hyperscale computing is necessary in order to build a robust and scalable cloud, big data, map reduce, or distributed storage system and is often associated with the infrastructure required to run large distributed sites such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM Cloud or Oracle Cloud.

Companies like Ericsson, AMD, and Intel provide hyperscale infrastructure kits for IT service providers.

Companies like Scaleway, Switch, Alibaba, IBM, QTS, Digital Realty Trust, Equinix, Oracle, Meta, Amazon Web Services, SAP, Microsoft and Google build data centers for hyperscale computing. Such companies are sometimes called "hyperscalers." They are recognized for their massive scale in cloud computing and data management, operating in environments that require extensive infrastructure to accommodate large-scale data processing and storage.

See also
 Software-defined networking
 Software-defined storage

References

Computer industry
Digital media
Technology strategy
Computing culture
WAGR K class (1891). The WAGR K class was a single member class of 0-6-2T tank locomotive used intermittently by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) between 1891 and 1926.

History
The K class engine was built in 1891 by Hudswell, Clarke & Co, Leeds, for the construction of Fremantle Harbour. It entered service with the Public Works Department, moving later the same year to WAGR as K19.

The locomotive was used subsequently on a number of other construction projects, passing into and out of WAGR ownership on several occasions with the Public Works Department, Goldfields Water Supply Administration and Fremantle Harbour Works Department operating it at various times across the state from Geraldton in the north to Bunbury in the south. When it made one of its returns to WAGR ownership in 1903, the class designation had been reallocated to another class along with number 19, so it was reclassified as L5.

In 1926 it was stored at Midland Railway Workshops and scrapped in about 1931.

Namesakes
The K class designation was reused by the K class locomotives introduced in 1893 and again in the 1960s when the K class diesel locomotives entered service.

See also

History of rail transport in Western Australia
List of Western Australian locomotive classes

References

Notes

Cited works

External links

Hudswell Clarke locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1891
K WAGR class (1891)
0-6-2T locomotives
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Freight locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Self-consistency principle in high energy physics. The self-consistency principle was established by Rolf Hagedorn in 1965 to explain the thermodynamics of fireballs in high energy physics collisions. A thermodynamical approach to the high energy collisions first proposed by E. Fermi.

Partition function
The partition function of the fireballs can be written in two forms, one in terms of its density of states, , and the other in terms of its mass spectrum, .

The self-consistency principle says that both forms must be asymptotically equivalent for energies or masses sufficiently high (asymptotic limit). Also, the density of states and the mass spectrum must be asymptotically equivalent in the sense of the weak constraint proposed by Hagedorn as

.

These two conditions are known as the self-consistency principle or bootstrap-idea. After a long mathematical analysis Hagedorn was able to prove that there is in fact  and   satisfying the above conditions, resulting in

and

with  and  related by

.

Then the asymptotic partition function is given by

where a singularity is clearly observed for  →. This singularity determines the limiting temperature  in Hagedorn's theory, which is also known as Hagedorn temperature.

Hagedorn was able not only to give a simple explanation for the thermodynamical aspect of high energy particle production, but also worked out a formula for the hadronic mass spectrum and predicted the limiting temperature for hot hadronic systems.

After some time this limiting temperature was shown by N. Cabibbo and G. Parisi to be related to a phase transition, which characterizes by the deconfinement of quarks at high energies. The mass spectrum was further analyzed by Steven Frautschi.

Q-exponential function
The Hagedorn theory was able to describe correctly the experimental data from collision with center-of-mass energies up to approximately 10 GeV, but above this region it failed. In 2000 I. Bediaga, E. M. F. Curado and J. M. de Miranda proposed a phenomenological generalization of Hagedorn's theory by replacing the exponential function that appears in the partition function by the q-exponential function from the Tsallis non-extensive statistics. With this modification the generalized theory was able again to describe the extended experimental data.

In 2012 A. Deppman proposed a non-extensive self-consistent thermodynamical theory that includes the self-consistency principle and the non-extensive statistics. This theory gives as result the same formula proposed by Bediaga et al., which describes correctly the high energy data, but also new formulas for the mass spectrum and density of states of fireball. It also predicts a new limiting temperature and a limiting entropic index.

References 

Particle physics
Nuclear physics
Principles