omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Théophile Seyrig. François Gustave Théophile Seyrig (19 February 1843 – 5 July 1923) was a German-born French engineer, best known for designing bridges.

On 6 October 1868, he founded Eiffel and Company with Gustave Eiffel. Seyrig contributed to the Eiffel and Company project to build the Maria Pia Bridge in Porto, Portugal, which was finished in 1877. Seyrig presented a paper on the bridge to the Société des Ingénieurs Civils in 1878.

Later he worked for the Belgian firm Société Willebroeck in Brussels, and won the competition to build the Dom Luís I Bridge (also in Porto), beating the Eiffel proposal. He began construction in 1881 and the bridge was finished in 1886.

Works
 Maria Pia Bridge
 Dom Luís I Bridge
 Neuvial Viaduct
 Rouzat Viaduct

Writings
  Seyrig, Théophile. Pont d. Luiz I. à Porto, Librairie centrales des chemins de fer, Paris, 1884
  Seyrig, Théophile. Éléments de statique graphique appliquée aux constructions, Baudry, Paris, 1886; pp. 392

References

 
  
  (570 KB)

Bibliography
  Ponte Maria Pia, Ordem dos Engenheiros, Região Norte, , 2005

1843 births
1923 deaths
Engineers from Berlin
German civil engineers
Engineers from the Kingdom of Prussia
John Rudnicki. John W. Rudnicki (born August 12, 1951, in Huntington, West Virginia) is an American engineering professor.

Education
Rudnicki studied at Brown University Mechanics from 1969 with a bachelor's degree in 1973, a master's degree in 1974, and a doctorate in solid-state mechanics with James R. Rice in 1977. He was a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer in geophysics at Caltech.

Career
Dr. John Rudnicki's research interest includes Inelastic behavior and failure of geomaterials, particularly deformation instabilities in brittle rocks and granular media, including their interactions with pore fluids, with applications to fault instability, quantification of energy radiation from earthquakes and environment- and resource-related geomechanics. From 1978 to 1981 he was an assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and from 1981 onwards associate professor at Northwestern University, where he received a full professorship for mechanics, environmental engineering and civil engineering in 1990.

He dealt in particular with the mechanics of geomaterials, especially local deformations such as the influence of local heating caused by deformation caused by friction and pore water during warping. Applications that he investigated include carbon dioxide storage in rock, energy storage and recovery, toxic waste storage, and earthquakes. From 2005 to 2010 he was one of the consultants of the Southern California Earthquake Center. From 1997 to 2010 he was a member (and chairman from 2008 to 2010) of the Geoscience Panel at the United States Department of Energy.

In 2006, he received the Maurice A. Biot Medal (for his fundamental contributions to the theory of porous media and application in rock mechanics and geophysics), in 2008 the Brown Engineering Alumni Medal,  in 2011 the Daniel C. Drucker Medal and in 2013 the Caterpillar Prize for his paper "A multiscale DEM-LBM analysis on permeability evolutions inside a dilatant shear band" (co-authored with WaiChing Sun and Matthew Kuhn). In 2014, John Rudnicki received the Engineering Science Medal from the Society of Engineering Science (SES). A special symposium was organized by K. T. Chau at Purdue University during the annual conference of SES. In 1977 he received a prize for outstanding research in rock mechanics around the national US committee for rock mechanics. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

In 2014, he published the book "Fundamentals of Continuum Mechanics"  by Wiley.

References

University of Illinois faculty
Northwestern University faculty
Brown University School of Engineering alumni
1951 births
Living people
People from Huntington, West Virginia
Su Qiang. Su Qiang (; 1931–2017) was a Chinese inorganic chemist. A pioneer in rare earth research and applications, he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1995.

Su enrolled at Sun Yat-sen University in 1948, he transferred to Department of Chemical Engineering (which is a part of Tianjin University nowadays), Peking University two years later, and graduated in 1952. Then he went to Changchun, and became a professor there in 1983. He taught at Sun Yat-Sen University since 1999.

Su was the Chairman of the Second International Conference on the Spectra of Rare Earth Elements, and a Committee Member of the Third and Sixth International Conferences on f-elements.

References 

1931 births
2017 deaths
Chemists from Guangdong
Educators from Guangdong
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peking University alumni
People from Guangzhou
Sun Yat-sen University alumni
Academic staff of Sun Yat-sen University
Tianjin University alumni
Rare earth scientists
Toray Advanced Composites. Toray Advanced Composites (formerly TenCate Advanced Composites) is a multi-national producer and supplier of advanced composite materials. In the twentieth century, it developed a range of high-performance thermoplastic composites and thermoset pre-preg resins that are used today in a broad spectrum of applications.

, the company was listed as one of the top advanced polymer composite manufacturers in the global market. It operates six manufacturing facilities in four countries.  The corporate office for Toray Advanced Composites USA is located in Morgan Hill, CA, and the European corporate office is located in Nijverdal, the Netherlands. They distribute the following composite products worldwide:

 Thermoplastic and thermoset pre-pregs
 Composite laminates
 Tooling Materials
 Syntactic Foams
 Bulk Molding Compounds
 Film Adhesives
 Honeycomb Core
 Compression-molded Parts
 RTM Resins

 it was privately held. On March 14, 2018, Toray announced an agreement with Royal Ten Cate B.V. to acquire TenCate Advanced Composites for 930 million euros. The completion of the transaction occurred on July 17, 2018.

On March 12, 2019, TenCate Advanced Composites announced to change its name to Toray Advanced Composites at JEC World 2019.

Applications

Toray Advanced Composites' cyanate ester pre-pregs (fibers impregnated with resin) have been used on Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4, NASA's LADEE mission, as well as the first 3D woven composites NASA used in the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle. Their TenCate Cetex thermoplastics are found on commercial aircraft manufactured by Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Fokker, and Gulfstream, and their compression-molded parts are used in Bell's 525 Relentless and V-22 Osprey helicopters. Their materials have also been used to reduce vehicle weight to improve efficiency in London Underground's Central Line train, Alfa Romeo's 4C, and Brunel Racing's Formula Student car.

Toray Advanced Composites is a Tier 1 member of the Thermoplastic Composites Research Center consortium. Their thermoplastics are used in a variety research applications, including improvements in vehicular crash performance, new circuit board materials for solar arrays, and the development of a low-cost thermoplastic composite welding process. Their materials are also used in a variety of recreational footwear, medical applications, and orthotic devices, including a prototype articulated brace designed to allow a paraplegic sky-diver greater control while flying.

References

External links
 Official website

Companies based in Morgan Hill, California
Aerospace companies
Thermoplastics
Laboratory of Mechanics. The Laboratory of Mechanics, formerly known as Engineering Hall, is a historic building on the campus of Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, United States.  The two-story, brick structure with a mansard roof is a simplified version of the Second Empire style.  It features a three-story tower with a mansard roof at the main entry.  The original building was L-shaped, designed by J.B. Ballinger, and built by V. Tomlinson.  Its first addition was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Foster & Liebbe, and completed in 1885 by Tomlinson. Other additions were completed in 1933 and 1997.

The building originally housed Iowa State Agricultural College's Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.  It was remodeled into a laboratory building in 1907.  The building currently houses the Architecture Department, Engineering Administration, Faculty Senate, IT Services CIO, and Mechanical Engineering.  Its historical significance is derived from its being the university's first engineering building and its survival as the oldest instructional building on campus.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
Iowa State University Buildings

References

School buildings completed in 1883
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Second Empire architecture in Iowa
Iowa State University buildings and structures
National Register of Historic Places in Story County, Iowa
Ted Moores. Ted Moores (born June 25, 1943) is a Canadian boat builder, author, and educator. His book Canoecraft has sold over 300,000 copies worldwide.

Moores is best known for duplicating a method of building canoes first developed in Minnesota by Irvin C. Peterson, Karl Ketter, and Eugene B. Jensen using woodstrip epoxy techniques, a style well-suited to the home builder. By applying thin layers of fibreglass to either side of a wooden hull, Moores' canoes employ the principles of core-composite construction in a design that is both durable and lighter than traditional rib-and-plank construction.

Life and work
Moores began his canoe building career in 1972, working with Greavette Boat Works of Gravenhurst, Ontario. He opened his first business, Sundance Canoe Company, in 1972. He sold Sundance a year later and founded Bear Mountain Boats in 1977. Initially based in Chisholm township, the company eventually moved to Peterborough, Ontario, before relocating to Westport, Ontario in 2017. It continues to operate under the management of Moores and his partner Joan Barrett, selling boat building materials and hosting educational workshops.

In 1983, Moores released Canoecraft, a how-to manual for home canoe builders, which has been called "the definitive guide to wood-strip canoe construction." In 2010, woodworker and actor Nick Offerman appeared in the video Fine Woodstrip Canoebuilding, a visual companion piece to Canoecraft. Other instructional books by Moores include Kayakcraft and Kayaks You Can Build. Writing as a historian, he contributed a chapter on the evolution of canoe manufacturing in Canada to the anthology The Canoe: A Living Tradition. He has also worked as an instructor for WoodenBoat School and the San Francisco Maritime Museum.

Moores has been an important figure in the development of the Canadian C4 and C15 racing canoes, supplying over 85 sprint canoe clubs nationally. He has experimented with solar-powered designs on his 30' fantail launch Sparks and worked on some high-profile restorations, including a hydroplane speedboat, Tempo VII, which had been owned and piloted by Guy Lombardo. A canoe built by Moores was presented as a wedding gift from Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau to celebrate the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana.

Selected publications
 Canoecraft: An Illustrated Guide to Fine Woodstrip Construction 
 Kayakcraft: Fine Woodstrip Kayak Construction 
 Kayaks You Can Build: An Illustrated Guide to Plywood Construction 
 The Canoe: A Living Tradition (chapter, "From Forest to Factory: Innovations and Mass Production")

References 

1943 births
Canadian businesspeople
Living people
Pharyngeal aspiration. Pharyngeal aspiration is the introduction of a substance into the pharynx and its subsequent aspiration into the lungs.  It is used to test the respiratory toxicity of a substance in animal testing.  It began to be used in the late 1990s.  Pharyngeal aspiration is widely used to study the toxicity of a wide variety of substances, including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes.

Pharyngeal aspiration has benefits over the alternative methods of inhalation and intratracheal instillation, the introduction of the substance directly into the trachea.  Inhalation studies have the disadvantages that they are expensive and technically difficult, the dose and location of the substance has poor reproducibility, they require large amounts of material, and they potentially allow exposure to laboratory workers and to the skin of laboratory animals.  Intratracheal instillation overcomes some of these difficulties, but because a needle or tube is needed to access the trachea, it remains technically challenging and causes trauma to the animal, which can be a confounding factor.  It also results in a less uniform distribution of the substance than inhalation, and bypasses effects from the upper respiratory tract.

In pharyngeal aspiration, the substance is placed in the pharynx, which is higher in the respiratory tract, avoiding the major source of technical difficulty and trauma to the animal.  The deposition pattern of pharyngeal aspiration is also more dispersed than that of intratracheal instillation, making it more similar to inhalation, and the lung responses are qualitatively similar.  Nevertheless, pharyngeal aspiration still leads to more particle agglomeration than inhalation, making its effects less potent.

Methodology 
Pharyngeal aspiration is often performed on mice and rats.  Prior to introduction of the stubstance, the animal is anesthetized and its tongue extended, preventing the animal from swallowing the material and allowing it to be aspirated into the lungs over the course of at least two deep breaths.  A liquid suspension of particles in saline solution is usually used, in a typical volume of 50 μL.  Sometimes the substance is introduced into the larynx instead of the pharynx to avoid contamination from food particles and other contaminants present in the mouth.

References 

Occupational safety and health
Toxicology
Pharynx
Siemens Mireo. The Siemens Mireo is a family of electric multiple units (EMU) designed by Siemens Mobility.  It is designed to be a successor to the "Mainline" variant of the company's Desiro EMUs.

The railcars have an articulated design and aluminum carbodies, with  cab cars on each end of a trainset and  passenger cars between them, with trainsets between two and seven cars long.  The use of aluminum, combined with new control systems, is intended to reduce energy use by up to 25% compared to previous Siemens EMUs.  The railcars can reach a top speed of up to . Siemens Mobility is currently working on a hydrogen fuel cell prototype.

Siemens introduced the first Mireo railcars at the 2016 InnoTrans trade fair. The first units were ordered in February 2017 by DB Regio, which ordered 24 three-car trainsets with a passenger capacity of 220 for service on its routes in the Rhine valley in southwestern Germany.  DB Regio ordered a further 57 three-car high-density sets for S-Bahn service. Production of Mireo trainsets began in 2018, with the first completed set unveiled in early December.  Following testing, Mireo trains are expected to enter revenue service in June 2020.

Mireo Smart 
In November 2020, Siemens unveiled the Mireo Smart. This is a standardized product aiming for attractive pricing and faster delivery. It includes features such as more advanced CCTV systems, improved passenger information systems, and full testing before delivery.

Siemens Mobility founded the subsidiary company „Smart Train Lease GmbH“ (STL) in February which allows for near-term leases of Mireo-Smart trainsets. The vehicle fleet for the German market will be established during 2024 comprising initially of 12 Mireo Smart, two Plus B and six Plus H. Smart Train Lease expects a common lease to run for one to eight years with a lead time of several months.

Mireo Plus 
The Mireo has two variants to run on unelectrified sections. These can be distinguished by their longer high-floor section at the start of the train (four windows instead of three) where the additional devices are placed underneath. They are in passenger service since 2024.

Mireo Plus H 
Siemens and Ballard Power Systems are developing a fuel cell system for the trains, which is expected to be operational in 2021.

Mireo Plus B 

A battery-equipped variant has been developed. It can run on both electrified lines (taking current from the catenary) and unelectrified lines (using the batteries). It can travel  on unelectrified lines.

In August 2019,  ordered 20 battery-electric Mireos. They will be used on the electrified Offenburg - Freudenstadt/Hornberg line (Kinzig Valley Railway) and on several unelectrified lines (Rench Valley Railway, Harmersbach Valley Railway and Acher Valley Railway)

These trains use Lithium-titanate batteries (LTO). Toshiba guaranteed 15,000 cycles at 10C by 2019 and 40,000 cycles at 10C by 2022. The LTO batteries are replacing prior usage of supercaps in trains to store the energy from braking.

References

Siemens multiple units
Electric multiple units of Germany
Midland Railway 1532 Class. The Midland Railway 1532 class was a class of 65 0-4-4T locomotives built by Derby Works between 1881 and 1886 to the design of Samuel W. Johnson. They were a development of the 1252 class. Originally numbered 1532–1551, 1632–1656, and 1718–1737; under the 1907 renumbering scheme they became 1266–1330, and were given the power classification 1P.

Construction history
The sixty-five engines of this class were all built by Derby Works using the type C boiler that had also been used on the previous class – the 1252 – and the class before that – the 6 class. The driving wheel diameter was reduced to  from the 1252's  – the 6 class had used  drivers. The wheelbase was the same as the previous two classes, as was the cylinder bore and stroke at . All three classes had their cylinder bore increased to .

Service history
All were in service at the 1907 renumbering, and all bar three passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the 1923 Grouping, the exceptions were two that had been withdrawn and a third No. 1305, that had been transferred to the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway in January 1921; it came into LMS stock when the S&DJR stock was absorbed in January 1930.

Withdrawals started in 1919, and fourteen locomotives were still in LMS stock at the end of 1947, to be inherited by British Railways.

No. 1307 was withdrawn in January 1948; in March the remaining thirteen (1272/73/75/78/90/95/98, 1303/15/22/24/30) were allocated the BR numbers 58039–58051, although five did not receive their BR numbers before their withdrawal. The last, 58051 was withdrawn in October 1956.

None were preserved.

Models
Bachmann Branchline announced on 8 January 2017 that it would be producing models of the class in Midland Railway Maroon, LMS Black and BR Black. An SDJR Prussian Blue Livery was also made for the Collector Club

References

Bibliography

1532
0-4-4T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1881
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Flexible silicon. Flexible silicon refers to a flexible piece of mono-crystalline silicon. Several processes have been demonstrated in the literature for obtaining flexible silicon from single crystal silicon wafers (either before or after fabrication of CMOS circuits).

Background 
According to beam theory and the 3-point test of a rectangular beam of an istoroptic linear material, a perpendicular specific force applied to a rectangular beam would cause it to deflect as a function of its dimension parameters and material properties (i.e. flexural modulus). All parameters fixed, the dependence of the deflection on thickness is inversely proportional, i.e. the thinner the beam the more it deflects when the same force is applied. In a simplistic manner, the applied force per unit area is the stress experienced by the beam. For two beams made of similar materials but one is thinner than the other, a lower force (stress) is required to achieve the same deflection in the thinner beam. This opens up a possibility of reducing a beam's thickness to adjust the amount of stress it can handle before physically breaking, if deflection requirement is the same. Applying this concept on the commonly used brittle Monocrystalline silicon (100) substrates, it can achieve some flexibility (note that silicon is an anisotropic material and requires dealing with elasticity matrix, a tensor, not a simple value for flexural modulus). This is done by using various micro-fabrication techniques and novel approaches to reduce the silicon substrate thickness to few to tens of micrometers, enabling bending up to 0.5 cm radius without breaking.

Processes 
Etch protect release approach and backside etch are few examples of how this can be achieved. These techniques have been extensively used to demonstrate flexible versions of traditional high-performance CMOS compatible devices, including 3D fin-field effect transistors (finFETs) and planar metal–oxide–semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs), metal-oxide semiconductor/metal-insulator-metal capacitors (MOSCAPs and MIMCAPs), ferroelectric capacitors and resistive devices, and thermoelectric generators (TEGs).

References

Silicon
Sustainable Aviation Project. The Sustainable Aviation Project  is a public-private collaboration to reduce the cost of flight training through the use of all-electric general aviation airplanes.

History
The Sustainable Aviation Project was conceived by Joseph Oldham, Director of the San Joaquin Valley Clean Transportation Center, and developed with Richard Duncan, manager of Fresno Chandler Executive Airport.  A private pilot for over forty years, Mr Oldham's professional work developing clean transportation collaborations between businesses and government combined with the introduction of the Alpha Electro all-electric airplane by Pipistrel lead to the realization that a similar collaboration could be used to reduce the relatively high cost of flight training and bring new opportunities to youth in the San Joaquin Valley.  A grant through the Fresno Council of Governments New Technology Reserve Fund Grant program was won to fund the effort.  The organizations involved with executing the Sustainable Aviation Project include the City of Reedley, City of Mendota, Reedley College, Mazzei Flying Service, the Fresno Business Council, and the CALSTART San Joaquin Valley Clean Transportation Center.  Mr Oldham presented an update regarding the project to the Reedley Airport Commission on January 19, 2017 where the project was warmly received.

The four initial airport locations are:
Reedley Municipal Airport (O32)
William Robert Johnston Municipal Airport in Mendota (M90)
Fresno Chandler Executive Airport (KFCH)
Fresno Yosemite International Airport (KFAT)

References

External links 
 

General aviation
Aviation websites