omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hotsonite. Hotsonite is a mineral with the formula ([[Al11(PO4)2(SO4)3(OH)21.16H2O]]. The name derived from the farm Hotson 42, located 65 km west of the town of Pofadder, in Bushmanland, northwestern Cape Province, South Africa. This is an arid region with an average rainfall of 3 inches per annum. The name was approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association (July 1983). It is chemically related to sanjuanite and kribergite.

Discovery and occurrence

Hotsonite was discovered while investigating for aluminous metamorphic rocks in an abandoned sillimanite quarry in 1982. The two senior authors sampled peculiar veins and encrustations of cryptocrystalline fine-grained white material. One of the materials had properties which could not be matched to any known mineral.

The mineral occurs closely with zaherite, Al12(SO4)5(SO4)3(OH)26.20H2O.

Physical properties

Hotsonite's physical properties are similar to other hydrated aluminous sulfates and some phosphates. It occurs as a white chalk like mineral with a dull to silky luster, and an earthy fracture. When observed under magnification of 500 times, it has a flaky appearance. Hotsonite appears with a white coloration, and small grain size. The Mohs hardness is  2.5, and with a density value of 2.060 to 2.068.

Chemical composition
The chemical analysis was carried out using X-ray fluorescence, and the water was calculated by the Penfield method.

Diffraction information

Powder diffraction used for hotsonite data:

References

Phosphate minerals
Sulfate minerals
Aluminium minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Bluebellite. Bluebellite is a mineral discovered in 2013 in the Blue Bell Mine in the Mojave Desert, California at the same time as the discovery of mojaveite.  This mineral was named after its locality, since the Blue Bell Mine claims most of the surrounding area.  The only observed forms of this mineral are the {001} and {001}.  Bluebellite is known to form bright bluish-green flattened plates or flakes that are range up to 20 x 20 x 5 nm in size, commonly inter-grown in irregular aggregates.  Bluebellite and mojaveite are very similar in structure, they are only differentiated by their unique mineral composition.

Occurrence 
Bluebellite was discovered within the D-shaft of the Bluebell mine in the Mojave Desert, California. The surrounding rock was composed of very siliceous hornfels along with murdochite, calcite, fluorite, and hemimorphite.  This new mineral was discovered along with mojaveite within the Blue Bell area.

Physical Properties 
Bluebellite has an adamantine luster and has an overall bright bluish-green color.  This sometimes has a dull appearance because of the roughness of the surface.  It is very soft, a 1 on the Mohs hardness scale.  Bluebellite has a pale blueish-green streak and has an uneven fracture.  It has perfect cleavage along the {001} plane.

Chemical Properties 
The IMA formula for bluebellite is Cu6(IO3)(OH)10Cl but the full chemical formula is Cu6[(I5+O3)(OH)3](OH)7Cl.  Bluebellite is one of the three currently known copper iodate minerals, the other two are bellingerite and salesite.  Mojaveite is similar but each have a unique combination of elements.

Methods 
When analyzing bluebellite, single-crystal x-ray studies could not be used because of the poor quality of the crystals.  Rigaku R-AXIS Rapid II curved imaging plate microdiffractometer was used to get the data for the powder XRD data.  The data obtained was fit into a profile using JADE 2010 software.  A JEOL8200 electron microscope was used to get the chemical data for the bluebellite.  The electron microscope was a wave-length-dispersive spectroscopy mode, using a 20 nanometer beam.

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

Chemical composition

References

Iodates
Copper(II) minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 146
Maersk Edinburgh-class container ship. The Edinburgh class (also known as the Pearl class) is a series of post-Panamax container built for Rickmers Group and Zodiac Maritime and were chartered to Maersk The ships were built by Hyundai Heavy Industries.

History
The series was ordered from Hyundai Heavy Industries in 2007 to 2008 and delivered starting July 2010. The client of the series is the Hamburg-based Rickmers Group and were chartered to Maersk. The  and  are also based on the same design, but both broader.

The Maersk Edinburgh class, along with the Explorer class were designed for a slow steaming container service from Europe to East Asia. The beginning of the service with the abbreviations FAL 5 and AE8 was already planned for the summer of 2009, but was not realised due to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. It will run through the ports of Le Havre, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Zeebrugge, Port Kelang, Singapore, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shenzhen-Yantian, Tanjung Pelepas, Port Kelang, and back to Le Havre. As of 2010, the ships of the Maersk Edinburgh class were introduced to the FAL5 / AE8 Far East Europe service.

Records
The Maersk Elba visited Gdansk on May 11, 2011, becoming the largest container vessel ever handled by a Baltic Sea port, and then visited Port of Haifa in 2017 to set a record for the largest ship to dock in Israel.

Ships

See also

References

External links 
 Ship information from Rickmers Group (13.000 TEU Class)

Container ship classes
Ships of the Maersk Line
Maersk Line
Ships built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Group
Lisa Davis (businesswoman). Lisa A. Davis (born October 15, 1963) is an American businesswoman, the chair of Siemens Corporation (USA) since January 2017. Davis was a member of the managing board of Siemens, and global CEO of Siemens Gas and Power Operating Company.

Early life
Lisa Davis was born in the US on October 15, 1963. She earned a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.

Career
After graduating from university, Davis became an engineer for ExxonMobil, where she managed operations at the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, and later worked for Texaco and Royal Dutch Shell.

In November 2016, it was announced that Davis would succeed Eric Spiegel as CEO of Siemens USA following his retirement at the end of the year.

In 2018, she was assessed as being the 37th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. After profits in Siemens' energy division went down by 75% in 2018, the company decided to separate the division into its own company. In 2019, she became co-CEO of Siemens Gas and Power Operating Company. She left the Siemens managing board in February 2020 to support Siemens CEO Kaeser until her contract expired in October 2020.

References

Living people
1963 births
American women chief executives
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
OpenFrame. OpenFrame is a mainframe rehosting solution developed by TmaxSoft that aims to help customers move existing mainframe assets to the cloud quickly and with minimal risk. It replaces legacy CICS/IMS/JES mainframe engines and shifts business applications written in legacy code like COBOL and PL/I to Linux. This allows reduced licensing costs compared to the mainframe.

It also includes a test tool which helps users determine if the migration will preserve functionality without additional adjustments. 

The current version of OpenFrame is 7.0, which was first released in Japan in September, 2015. The previous version, OpenFrame 6.0 was released in the U.S. market in 2009.

Mainframe Migration 
Organizations that run on mainframes tend to have difficulty with costs and agility. Rehosting is one approach an organization may take to migrate their mainframe operations to the cloud, with other options including batch-job migration and full re-engineering. With the rehosting option, the entire mainframe is emulated on the cloud so that the end-user experience is essentially unchanged.

Compatibility 

OpenFrame advertises the following components can be migrated and continue working without modification, provided they run on open systems components such as Linux:
 Compilers
 COBOL
 PL/I
 Assembler
 Datasets
 Flat files
 GDGs
 VSAM
 Databases
 IMS
 DB2
 IDMS
 Oracle
 Online Systems
 CICS
 Batch Systems
 JES
 JCL

Notable Users

Kela 
Kela, the Finnish government agency in charge of the nation's social security programs, used OpenFrame to rehost its mainframe. The agency had estimated that the rising costs of maintaining a mainframe would become prohibitive in the near future, and saw a shortage of IT professionals skilled in working in a mainframe environment. As a result, Kela was able to lift over 10 million lines of code to the rehosted environment and reduce the cost of system maintenance. Since the rehosted iteration was functionally similar to the mainframe system, Kela was also able to keep its existing IT staff in place.

GE Capital 
GE Capital opted to use OpenFrame to modernize its aging IT infrastructure, which was mostly made up of mainframes. Before rehosting, the GE Capital system was managing 5 million account schedules, over 382 interfaces, with up to 1,700 concurrent users, resulting in an average of 3.5 million transactions per day. In addition to high costs, the disaster recovery process was slow and the system was generally inefficient. OpenFrame allowed GE Capital to rehost without redeveloping any applications or changing the user interface. The results included 66% reduction in costs associated with running the system and a 240% increase in disaster recovery speed.

References 

Proprietary software
Software maintenance
Installation software
Danielsite. Danielsite is a sulfide and sulfosalt that was first discovered in a pocket of supergene minerals in the north region of Western Australia. The location found was about  west of the locality known as Coppin Pool. The mineral danielsite was named after John L. Daniels who collected the sample in which the new mineral was found.  The chemical formula of danielsite is . Danielsite is very fine grained and hard to observe in hand samples. It generally has a gray color with very brittle and soft physical characteristics.

Occurrence 
Danielsite occurs in the mineral anglesite as ragged polycrystalline masses typically intergrown with covellite, stromeyerite, and chalcocite. The size of these masses is typically  across. Due to its occurrence with stromeyerite  it is thought to possibly be a polymorphic replacement of galena. Danielsite was found in a gossaniferous pod in a white quartz vein. It has been found near Coppin Pool, Ashburton Shire, Western Australia, Australia, Austria, and Belgium.

Physical properties 
Danielsite is a metallic-gray mineral that looks a lot like stromeyerite, the main difference between the two is that stormeyerites colors are yellow to brown whereas danielsite is gray. Danielsite is very soft and brittle with only a 1.5-2.5 on the mohs hardness scale (VHN10 hardness of 38). There is no discernible type of cleavage, but due to the small size of the crystallites the possibility of cleavage can't be 100% excluded. It is a rather dense mineral weighing in at 6.541 g/cm3.

Chemical composition 

The data for this chart was gathered using a polished section by electron microprobe and using a crystal spectrometer with the following
standards: galena (S), cinnabar (Hg), and metals (Ag and Cu). The results were calculated on the basis of 23 atoms due to its chemical formula being very similar to balkanite.

X-Ray crystallography

The sample found was ground up and an X-ray powder diffraction was done to the powder. The pattern had a few places that appeared to be anglesite but overall the pattern didn't match up with any other mineral known. Most of the values could be measured on a triclinic unit cell but the d values of the actual data and calculated data varied by a lot. Most sulfides do not belong to the triclinic system as well, so it was thought that this was the wrong choice for danielsite. More research was done on this mineral by Nickel and Kato and they both came to the conclusion that danielsite has an orthorhombic unit cell. When they tried calculating the d values based on the orthorhombic system the values came back very similar. Even though danielsite and balkanite have very similar chemical formulas their unit cells are vastly different. From the reported occurrences of the two minerals it is apparent that balkanite is the high temperature form and danielsite is the low-temperature form.

See also 
List of Minerals
Classification of minerals

References 

Sulfide minerals
Sulfosalt minerals
Indradhanush (Air Force Exercise). Exercise Indradhanush (Hindi:Rainbow) is a joint air force exercise conducted by the Royal Air Force and the Indian Air Force. The exercise is tasked to enhance mutual operational understanding between the two air forces via close interaction. The exercise started in 2006 and has held four editions so far.

2006 
The first edition of the exercise was held between 2–13 October at Gwalior Air Force Station in India.

2007 
The second edition of the exercise was held at RAF Waddington in United Kingdom. India was represented by air superiority fighter Sukhoi Su-30MKI's and a mid-air refueling tanker Ilyushin IL-78 MKI from No. 78 Squadron. United Kingdom was represented by Panavia Tornado's from the No. 25 Squadron based at RAF Leeming and Eurofighter Typhoon's from No. 7 Squadron based at RAF Coningsby.

2010 
The third edition of the exercise was held between 18 October - 3 November at Kalaikunda AFS in India. India was represented by fighters Sukhoi Su-30 MKI's, Dassault Mirage 2000's, Mikoyan MiG-27's, a mid-air refueling tanker Ilyushin IL-78 MKI from No. 78 Squadron and an AWAC Beriev A-50 from No. 50 Squadron, both based at Agra AFS. United Kingdom was represented by Eurofighter Typhoon's.

2015 
The fourth edition of the exercise was held between 21–30 July at RAF Coningsby and RAF Brize Norton in United Kingdom. India was represented by four air superiority fighter Sukhoi Su-30 MKI's from No. 2 Squadron based at Tezpur AFS, one mid-air refueling tanker Ilyushin IL-78 MKI from No. 78 Squadron based at Agra AFS, a military transport aircraft Boeing C-17 Globemaster III from No. 81 Squadron based at Hindon AFS and Garud commandos. United Kingdom was represented by sixteen Eurofighter Typhoon's from No. 3 Squadron based at RAF Coningsby, an Airbus A330 MRTT air refueling tanker, a Lockheed Martin C-130J Hercules transport aircraft and RAF Regiment paratroopers. The fighter jets operated out of RAF Coningsby, the refueling tankers from RAF Brize Norton and the paratroopers from RAF Hunnington.  The exercise saw multiple engagements including 1vs1, 1vs2, 4vs4, beyond visual range (BVR), within visual range (WVR), paradropping mission between the two air forces. There was some controversy regarding the final tactical results of the exercise.

See also 

 List of exercises of the Indian Air Force
 Exercise Red Flag
 Red Flag – Alaska
 Cope India
 Exercise Tarang Shakti
 Exercise Garuda
 Exercise Pitch Black

References 

Indian military exercises
Military aviation exercises
Decentralized partially observable Markov decision process. The decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP) is a model for coordination and decision-making among multiple agents. It is a probabilistic model that can consider uncertainty in outcomes, sensors and communication (i.e., costly, delayed, noisy or nonexistent communication). 

It is a generalization of a Markov decision process (MDP) and a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) to consider multiple decentralized agents.

Definition

Formal definition 
A Dec-POMDP is a 7-tuple , where
  is a set of states,
  is a set of actions for agent , with  is the set of joint actions,
  is a set of conditional transition probabilities between states, ,
  is the reward function.
  is a set of observations for agent , with  is the set of joint observations,
  is a set of conditional observation probabilities , and
  is the discount factor.
At each time step, each agent takes an action , the state updates based on the transition function  (using the current state and the joint action), each agent observes an observation based on the observation function  (using the next state and the joint action) and a reward is generated for the whole team based on the reward function .  The goal is to maximize expected cumulative reward over a finite or infinite number of steps. These time steps repeat until some given horizon (called finite horizon) or forever (called infinite horizon). The discount factor  maintains a finite sum in the infinite-horizon case ().

References

External links 
 maspan.org
 The Dec-POMDP page

Markov processes
Imperial Brewing Company Brewery. The Imperial Brewing Company Brewery was an abandoned Late Victorian/Romanesque Revival-style industrial site located at 2825 Southwest Boulevard in downtown Kansas City, Missouri. Built in 1902, the surviving brewhouse and stable were part of a larger complex developed by Ludwig D. Breitag, a German immigrant and stone contractor. An icehouse and other buildings in the complex were demolished when the site was converted to a flour mill during Prohibition. From 1919 until its closure in the mid-1980s, Imperial Brewery became commonly known as the Boulevard Mill. The site was purchased in 2007 with plans to renovate. The site was added to the National Registry of Historic Places in 2011. Fires and vandalism halted the planned renovations in 2012. The Imperial Brewery Company Building was completely demolished in 2023.

References

Buildings and structures in Kansas City, Missouri
Demolished buildings and structures in Missouri
Buildings and structures demolished in 2023
Vilnius Computer Factory. Vilnius Computer Factory () was a computer and computer-component manufacturer and developer (via a special development bureau ()) in Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR. Established in 1956, it became a part of the  in 1966.

History 
In 1954, the USSR Council of Ministers decided to establish a cash register factory in Vilnius which began operations in 1956. In 1957, the first cash registers were produced, but in 1959 the factory was repurposed for the production of early computers (computing machines). A special development bureau was established to develop and design original computing machines. In 1959, the first series of external 80-column punched card machines was manufactured. Production of the first electronic calculator EV80-3M (a copy of IBM 604 designed in Moscow) began in 1961. In 1962, Vilnius Computer Factory developed the first Lithuanian electronic calculator – electronic random process analyzer EASP-S, which was produced in 1964–1967. In 1963, the first Lithuanian second generation (transistor-based) computer EVP80-2 Rūta was developed. Its processor could perform 2,500 operations per second.

In June 1966, Vilnius Calculation Machine Factory was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In the same year, the  was established. The association included Vilnius Computer Factory, Vilnius Electricity Meter Factory, Pabradė Counting Technology Factory Modulis, Telšiai Counting Machine Factory, Tauragė Counting Machine Elements Factory, and Panevėžys Precision Machine Factory.

Products
 1960–1965 EV80-3M, developed in Moscow, assembled in Vilnius (IBM 604 clone);
 1964–1967 EASP-S, first developed computer;
 1964–1974 , based on discrete transistors;
 1964–1970 ATE80-1, developed in Moscow, assembled in Vilnius;
 1969–1972 , which had handwritten OCR capability with ;
 1973–1979 , minicomputer;
 1975–1981 ;
 1978–1984 ;
 1982–1988 SM 1600 (one processor was PDP-11/34 clone);
 1986–1990 SM 1700 (VAX-11/730 clone).

See also
 Nuklonas, integrated circuit manufacturer since 1966, which also produced PC computers and their integrated circuits BK-0010 (discontinued in 1992).

References

1956 establishments in Lithuania
Computer companies established in 1956
Defunct manufacturing companies of Lithuania
Ministry of Instrument Making (Soviet Union)
Information technology companies of Lithuania
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Computing in the Soviet Union
Companies based in Vilnius
MGWR Class D. The MGWR Class D were  steam locomotives built in batches from 1873 to 1887 for the Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) of Ireland to a Martin Atock design. Numbering 39 at their peak they were the standard MGWR passenger locomotive of their era.  Six of the class were rebuilt as .

Table

History
The D class were originally built as s between 1873 and 1887. The first batch of 12 were built by Neilson & Company of Glasgow in 1873 and a further batch of 5 by Dübs & Company of Glasgow in 1876. The class took on all but the heaviest passenger duties becoming the standard passenger locomotive of their era. They were joined by a batch of six built by Beyer, Peacock & Company, Manchester in 1880–1881 and four were built by Kitson & Company of Leeds in 1884.  MGWR's own Broadstone Works built twelve between 1883 and 1887.  Although Broadstone Works has been extended 1877 the reason that ten were subcontracted externally was due to Broadstone working to capacity at the time.

The first batches from Neilsons and Dübs were withdrawn 1893–1898 and replaced by the more powerful MGWR Class K , which cascaded the remaining Class D's to secondary duties.

The batch of six Beyer-Peacock locomotives were selected for a rebuild to a  bogie design in 1900/01, the first use of such a configuration on the MGWR.  The rebuilt locomotives were found wanting for their intended use on the Sligo line west of Mullingar but nevertheless paved the way for the MGWR Class A and Class C 4-4-0s whilst doing useful work in the County Mayo and Achill areas.

The remaining Kitson and Broadstone built members of the class were withdrawn between 1911 and 1922, being cascaded out by more powerful  passenger locomotives being introduced.

References

Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Kitson locomotives
Neilson locomotives
2-4-0 locomotives
5 ft 3 in gauge locomotives
D
Scrapped locomotives
Steam locomotives of Ireland
Ralph Chapman (politician). Ralph Chapman (born February 5, 1951) is a former Green member of the Maine House of Representatives. He represented the 133rd district, which covers parts of Hancock County. Originally elected as a Democrat, he later became an independent and finally a Green under the Maine Green Independent Party since September 22, 2017.

Biography
Chapman graduated from Tufts University in 1973. He worked as the principal and technical director of LEO Engineering from 1987 until 1993 and was consultant and owner of Ralph Chapman Consulting from 2000 until 2003. Beginning in 2003, he served as coordinator and instructor of United Technologies Center.

Chapman was first elected to the House in 2010, and reelected in 2012, 2014, and 2016. On May 26, 2017, Chapman, along with fellow representative Denise Harlow, unenrolled from the Democratic Party and became an independent. Both were speculated to have unenrolled due to their opposition to a bill which would allow open-pit mining in the state of Maine. On September 22, 2017, Chapman became a member of the Maine Green Independent Party. He is the first Green Party legislator in Maine since John Eder, who served from 2003 until 2007 and the first Green Party state legislator in the country since Fred Smith of Arkansas, who was elected as a Green but became a Democrat in 2014.

Chapman was term-limited in 2018 and left office in January 2019.

Personal life
Chapman and his wife, Rebecca, have 5 children.

Political positions
For the 2016 United States presidential election, Chapman endorsed Bernie Sanders. He also is an advocate of environmental issues.

Electoral history

References

External links
 
 Legislative website

1951 births
Living people
Maine Democrats
Maine Greens
Maine independents
Green Party of the United States officeholders
Members of the Maine House of Representatives
People from Brooksville, Maine
Tufts University alumni
21st-century members of the Maine Legislature