omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SR West Country class 21C146 Braunton. 21C146 Braunton is a Southern Railway West Country class 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive that has been preserved. It is presently based at Crewe Diesel TMD and operational on the mainline hauling excursion trains.

Career
21C146 was built at Brighton Works in November 1946 in original streamlined form and upon completion was allocated to Exmouth Junction. Further allocations included Salisbury, Brighton and Bournemouth. In 1949 the engine was re-numbered to 34046 in the British Railways series.

In 1959 the engine was rebuilt. This included the removal of the air smoothed casing (which gave the engine a completely different shape) and the chain-driven valve gear was replaced with conventional Walschaerts valve gear.  The engine was now allocated to Bournemouth from where it would have worked services between London Waterloo and  and over the Somerset & Dorset Line from . Also in 1959, the engine hauled the Royal train to Portland. With steam on the Southern Region coming to an end, the engine was withdrawn from service in October 1965 and sold to Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry Island.

Withdrawal and preservation

34046 was withdrawn from service in October 1965 and moved to the Woodham Brothers' scrapyard at Barry Island, this was to be the engine's home for the next 23 years until it was moved in 1988 to Brighton in a bid to be restored.

In 1996 it was purchased by the West Somerset Railway but later sold on to a private individual. The engine was moved to Williton on the WSR where a long-term restoration to running order was to be undertaken. During the engine's time at Barry Scrapyard a large number of parts had been taken from the engine for use on other projects so replacements were cast and fitted. 34046 returned to steam in July 2007 for the first time in the 42 years since its withdrawal from service. The engine's debut return to passenger service was in 2008 with plans to have the engine certified for use on the mainline hauling excursion trains.

In 2018 it was based in Crewe and owned by Jeremy Hosking. 34046 is operational on the mainline hauling excursion trains. In 2016 the engine was disguised as scrapped classmate no 34052 Lord Dowding.

Fame in preservation
On 15 May 2016 the engine hauled a private football special from Clapham Junction to Southampton for the fans of Crystal Palace F.C.

References

External links
Preserved British Locomotives, 34046
Icons of Steam
Bullied Pacific class information

West Country 34046
4-6-2 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1946
Locomotives saved from Woodham Brothers scrapyard
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
individual locomotives of Great Britain
Claudine Hermann. Claudine Hermann (19 December 1945 – 17 July 2021) was a French physicist and Honorary Professor at École Polytechnique, the well-known grande école founded in 1794 and located in Palaiseau, France.  In 1992 she became the first woman to be appointed Professor.  She was also the Vice President of the European Platform of Women Scientists.

Early life and education 
Hermann was the daughter of a pharmacist. She studied at the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles and graduated in 1965. She completed her doctoral studies at Paris Diderot University, with a thesis that considered gallium antimonide. She was appointed a lecturer at École Polytechnique in 1980. She taught classes in semiconductor physics.

Research and career 
Hermann was the first woman to be appointed Professor at École Polytechnique in 1992. She worked on the optical properties of solids, in particular the photo-emission of polarised electrons. She developed techniques to optically measure the spin resonance in semiconductors. She spent a year as a visiting researcher at Nagoya University in 1998. She demonstrated the hole effective mass (0.051) of Indium gallium arsenide.

She obtained the value of the Landé g-factor g=-0.44 for electrons in Gallium Arsenide which is important for spin physics in the quantum Hall regime.

Advocacy for women in physics 
Alongside her research into condensed matter, Hermann worked to make the environment better for women physicists. In 1999 she was appointed to the European Union Helsinki Group on women and science, and remained a member until 2006. She co-founded the platform Femme & Sciences with Huguette Delavault in 2000. She was a member of the expert group who produced the ETAN report on women in academia for the European Union in 2000. Hermann was also the President of Honour of the European Platform of Women Scientists.

Books 
 2010 Statistical Physics: Including Applications to Condensed Matter
 2003 Physics of Semiconductors

Awards 
 2015 Grand Officer Legion of Honour
 2010 National Order of Merit

References 

1945 births
Living people
French women physicists
French women scientists
École Polytechnique alumni
French physicists
Katya Scheinberg. Katya Scheinberg is a Russian-American applied mathematician known for her research in continuous optimization and particularly in derivative-free optimization. She is a professor in the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology.

Education and career
Scheinberg was born in Moscow.
She completed a bachelor's and master's degree in computational mathematics and cybernetics at Moscow State University in 1992, and earned a Ph.D. in operations research at Columbia University in 1997. Her dissertation, Issues Related to Interior Point Methods for Linear and Semidefinite Programming, was supervised by Donald Goldfarb.

Scheinberg worked for IBM Research at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center from 1997 until 2009. After working as a research scientist at Columbia University and as an adjunct faculty member at New York University, she joined the Lehigh faculty in 2010. Scheinberg became Wagner Professor at Lehigh in 2014. In 2019 she moved to Cornell University where she was a professor in the School of Operations Research and Information Engineering. In July 2024 she moved to Georgia Tech.

Scheinberg has been editor-in-chief of the SIAM-MOS Book Series on Optimization since 2014, and was the editor of Optima, the newsletter of the Mathematical Programming Society, from 2011 to 2013.

Research

Scheinberg works on the intersection of optimization and machine learning, in particular on kernel support vector machines.

With Andrew R. Conn and Luís Nunes Vicente, Scheinberg authored the book Introduction to Derivative Free Optimization (SIAM Press, 2008).

Recognition
In 2015, with Conn and Vicente, she won the Lagrange Prize in Continuous Optimization of the Mathematical Optimization Society and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics for their book. The Prize citation wrote that "A small sampling of the direct impact of their work is seen in aerospace engineering, urban transport systems, adaptive meshing for partial differential equations, and groundwater remediation." In 2019, Professor Scheinberg was awarded the Farkas Prize by the Optimization Society in the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). In 2022 she was named a Fellow of INFORMS, "for outstanding research contributions to continuous optimization, particularly derivative-free optimization and the interface of optimization and machine learning, as well as outstanding service and leadership".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American mathematicians
Russian mathematicians
Russian women mathematicians
Women mathematicians
Operations researchers
Moscow State University alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
IBM employees
Lehigh University faculty
Cornell University faculty
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Lisbeth Olsson. Lisbeth Olsson is a Swedish microbiologist and a professor in industrial biotechnology at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg.

Early life 
On November 22, 1963, Olsson was born in Höör, Sweden.

Education 
In 1987, Olsson obtained her master's degree in chemical engineering from Lund University in Lund, Sweden. In 1994, Olsson acquired a PhD degree in Applied Microbiology from Lund University in Lund, Sweden.

Career 
In 1987, Olsson became an analytical chemist for Draco, a pharmaceutical company, for a year.
In 1994, Olsson began to work as a postdoctoral researcher at Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 2006, Olsson advanced her academic career and was appointed as a full professor at Technical University of Denmark. In 2008, Olsson was recruited to Chalmers University of Technology, where she started her own research group in industrial biotechnology. Her research focuses on design and use of microorganisms and enzymes in processes in which plant cell wall materials are converted to valuable fuels, chemicals, and materials. She also works in Wallenberg Wood Science Center, which aims to develop materials from wood. She leads the Nordic collaborative project HGBiofuels aiming to develop sustainable production of biofuels. Additionally, she is a technical advisor for Taurus Energy AB.

In August 2021 the Swedish Research Council appointed Lisbeth Olsson as the new secretary general for the area of Research Infrastructures. The Swedish Research Council has five scientists serving as secretary general in different areas. Each one has a high level of scientific expertise, contributing both knowledge and experience to the organisation. They are also are part of the Swedish Research Council’s management team.

Awards 
 Chalmers Foundation Award (2018)
 Charles D Scott Award (2018)
Elected as a member of Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (2017)

References 

Swedish bioengineers
Women bioengineers
Living people
Academic staff of the Chalmers University of Technology
Technical University of Denmark alumni
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1963 births
TAGSAM. TAGSAM or Touch-and-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism is a robotic arm on the OSIRIS-REx space probe designed and used for collecting a sample from asteroid 101955 Bennu. OSIRIS-REx was launched in 2016. It arrived at asteroid Bennu in August 2018, and began scientific studies. It collected a sample of the material making up the surface of Bennu in 2020 and returned it to Earth in 2023.

Overview
TAGSAM is a robotic arm attached to the main body of the spacecraft that collects a sample from the asteroid, and puts the samples into the Earth return vehicle. Bennu is about 500 meters in diameter and has very low gravity, so the arm must perform the collection in near zero gravity, yet still contend with some gravitational forces from the asteroid. One issue with small asteroids is their unique gravitational environment, and Bennu became the smallest body orbited by a spacecraft.

TAGSAM was designed to take up to three samples from the asteroid, although in the event the first sample was so large no other samples were attempted. The collection head was filled using a nitrogen gas injection that stired up the regolith. The arm is about  long, with three joints for articulation. SamCam acquires images of the collection head.  Two major parts of TAGSAM are the robotic arm and the sample collection head.

The arm was used in conjunction with several instruments on the spacecraft including three cameras, three spectrometers, and a laser altimeter.

Two identical TAGSAM units were made, one for use on the spacecraft called the flight unit, and another for testing on Earth called the qualification unit.

Timeline

17 October 2018 — TAGSAM head cover jettisoned
25 October 2018 — Frangibolts fired, releasing the TAGSAM arm
14 November 2018 — TAGSAM arm fully extended for the first time
15 April 2020 — rehearsal manouvre performed by OSIRIS-REx
20 October 2020 — successful TAGSAM deployment and sample collection
24 September 2023 — safe touchdown on Earth of the OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule

See also
CAESAR
Sample-return mission

References

External links

TAGSAM Schematic
TAGSAM Testing Complete: OSIRIS-REx Prepared to TAG an Asteroid
Animation of TAGSAM head cover being jettisoned

OSIRIS-REx
Spacecraft instruments
Martina Havenith-Newen. Martina Havenith-Newen (born 13 April 1963 in Mechernich) is a German chemist.

Education and career 
She studied physics and mathematics at the University of Bonn from 1981 to 1987. She finished her doctorate in physics in 1990 and completed her habilitation in 1997.

Since 1998, she is a professor at the Ruhr University Bochum.

Research 
Her research focuses on intermolecular interactions, aggregation, solvation, molecular recognition, and infra-red and THz spectroscopy.

Selected publications

Awards 
She is a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the Academy of Europe, and the Österreichischer Wissenschaftsrat.

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Mechernich
20th-century German chemists
German women chemists
21st-century German chemists
20th-century German women scientists
University of Bonn alumni
Academic staff of Ruhr University Bochum
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
HELRAS. HELRAS or the Helicopter Long Range Active Sonar is a naval helicopter undersea sensor, a dipping sonar (a form of towed array sonar), deployed by helicopters of many naval air forces around the world to detect submarines; it is a form of geophysical MASINT.

History
HELRAS was first developed in the 1970s by Bendix, FIAR and British Aerospace. Another rival system was called FLASH (Folding Light
Acoustic System for Helicopters). In the 1980s, the system was supplied by Bendix.

A competitor of HELRAS is the Low Frequency Active Sonar (LFAS).

Capability
It can detect submarines up to 60NM.

Manufacture
Parts for the system are made by Rolls-Royce North America.

Deployment
The system has been fitted to EH101, S70B, NH90, CH-148, AS532SC, AB412, and AS565 with helicopter of navies such as Italy, Turkey, Greece, Netherlands, Canada, Singapore, Thailand, Chile, Brazil, Indonesia, and Morocco.  The system has also been fitted to unmanned surface vessels Seagull and RHIBs for Israel and USN.

See also
 AN/SQQ-89
 HIDAS, made by Selex Galileo
 Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System
 Searchwater (radar), made by Thales UK
 SOSUS
 USHUS

References

Anti-submarine warfare
Helicopter components
Military sonar equipment of the United States
Gabriele Sadowski. Gabriele Sadowski (born 18 February 1964) is a German chemist.

Early life and education 
Sadowski studied Chemistry at Technische Universität Leuna-Merseburg from 1982 to 1987. She finished her doctorate in 1991 at Technische Universität Leuna-Merseburg. She completed her dissertation at Technische Universität Berlin in 2000.

Career and research 
Her research focuses on Polymer Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems, and Reaction Thermodynamics. Since 2001, she is full professor at TU Dortmund University. She took over the responsibility of prorector research in 2016.

Awards and honours 
She was awarded the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2011 and she is a member of the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts.

See also 

 Timeline of women in science

References

1964 births
Living people
21st-century German chemists
German women chemists
21st-century German women scientists
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Starfighter (video game). Starfighter is a video game published by Aardvark Technical Services in 1979 for Ohio Scientific computers. Three versions of the game were sold so they could work on a range of OSI hardware: Starfighter 540, Starfighter 600, and Starfighter Alphabetics. It was ported to the TRS-80 and TRS-80 Color Computer.

Plot
Starfighter is a game in which the player commands a starfighter, using photon torpedoes and missiles against enemy starfighters, battleships, cruisers, and supercruisers in the Alpha Centauri system.

Reception
Bruce Campbell reviewed Starfighter in The Space Gamer No. 61. Campbell commented that "While I have enjoyed playing Starfighter, I refuse to recommend a program that so badly needed additional debugging."

References

1979 video games
Space combat simulators
TRS-80 Color Computer games
TRS-80 games
Video games developed in the United States
Morteza Gharib. Morteza (Mory) Gharib () (born December 9, 1952) is the Hans W. Liepmann Professor of Aeronautics and Bio-Inspired Engineering at Caltech.

Gharib was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for contributions to fluid flow diagnostics and imagery, and engineering of bioinspired devices and phenomena.

Research
Professor Gharib's research interests cover a range of topics in conventional fluid dynamics and aeronautics. These include vortex dynamics, active and passive flow control, nano/micro fluid dynamics, bio-inspired wind and hydro energy harvesting, as well as advanced flow imaging diagnostics.

In addition, Professor Gharib is heavily involved in the bio-mechanics and medical engineering fields. His research activities in these fields can be categorized into two main areas: the fluid dynamics of physiological machines (such as the human circulatory system and aquatic breathing/ propulsion), and the development of medical devices (such as heart valves, cardiovascular health monitoring devices, and drug delivery systems).

Awards and honors
Professor Gharib is the recipient of the 2016 G. I. Taylor Medal from the Society of Engineering Science and he received the American Physical Society's Fluid Dynamics award in 2015. He's a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering; and he's a Fellow (Charter) of the National Academy of Inventors, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Physical Society, the American Society of Mechanical Engineering and the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering.

References

American people of Iranian descent
American mechanical engineers
Fluid dynamicists
Iranian expatriate academics
Living people
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Tehran alumni
1952 births
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Pierre Simon (1885–1977). Pierre Simon (1885–1977), was the first président-directeur général (PDG) of Électricité de France (EDF) and a member of the French Resistance. Simon was a student of the Christian school in Mées and then at the l'Institution Sainte-Geneviève in Versailles. He was a civil engineer at Gap, Chief of Staff to the Minister of Public Works in 1924, Chief Engineer of Forces hydrauliques – dams in Grenoble in 1925, and some years later, he became head of the Department of Roads and Bridges in Isère. At the end of 1936, Simon was called to the Direction des Forces Hydrauliques et des Distributions d'Énergie électrique – Directory of Dams and Electricity at the Ministry of Public Works. He was an essential part of the des 3 milliards – 3 million plan to rehabilitate the country's electric grid, which began in 1938, and in negotiations with the Fédération de l'Éclairage – Lighting Federation which improved the staffing situation.

In June 1940, Vichy France reorganized the Ministries. An Electric Directory was created, attached to the Ministry of Industrial Production. In October, Simon was dismissed and reassigned to the Conseil général des ponts et chaussées. He then entered the private sector, taking over operations for Durand, l'Entreprise Industrielle.

During the war, he was a resistor and kept in touch with Marcel Paul and the Fédération illégale de l'Éclairage – Illegal Lighting Federation. During liberation, Simon participated in some of the meetings for the commission that nationalized electricity, the CNR. After a vote, he accepted the proposal from Marcel Paul to become the first PDG of EDF.

At the beginning of 1947, Robert Lacoste asks Simon to take measures against staff. The government majority wanted to impose a pricing policy on EDF-GDF. On 2 May, Simon resigned. He returned to Durand and was considered Honorary Chair by the end of his life.

References

Bibliography 

 

French Resistance members
Électricité de France
École Polytechnique
1885 births
1977 deaths
Generation Orbit X-60. The Generation Orbit X-60 (GOLauncher 1 or GO1) was an air-launched single stage suborbital rocket vehicle produced by Generation Orbit.

Design and development

The first two segments of the GOLauncher 1 Inert Test Article (GO1-ITA) underwent a series of structural ground tests at Mercer University's Engineering Research Center (MERC) in December 2013.

In July 2014, GO was awarded a Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contract from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate (AFRL/RQ) for development of GOLauncher 1. The nine-month effort, worth $150,000, focused on requirements definition, configuration trade studies, and trajectory design. In October 2018, the designation X-60A was assigned to the GO1 vehicle.

Applications of the X-60A include access to high altitudes for microgravity, astrophysics,  hypersonics testing and research of avionics. On July 20, 2014, GO flew its first captive carry test platform using a Learjet 35.

References

External links
 

Commercial spaceflight
Companies based in Atlanta
Private spaceflight companies
Tim Dodd. Timothy Justin Dodd (born February 27, 1985), also known as Everyday Astronaut, is an American science communicator, YouTube content creator, photographer, and musician. After becoming popular with his space-themed photo series, Dodd was hired by the website Spaceflight Now to photograph SpaceX's CRS-3 cargo mission to the International Space Station on April 18, 2014, NASA's Orion Test Flight EFT-1 on December 5, 2014, the United States Air Force's GPS 2F-9 launch, and NASA's OA-6 Mission on March 23, 2016.

Career 
Dodd originally worked as a photographer, where his main source of income was in wedding photography. His photography schedule allowed much free time, and he began using this free time to become involved in rocket photography.

Dodd's father worked as a hardware engineer at Google, his father initially funded his rocket photography quest. 

In 2013, he purchased an orange Russian high altitude survivor suit (crucial for water landings) in an online auction and later took photos of himself in the suit at a 2014 rocket launch in Cape Canaveral, Florida, as a joke; for a time, the suit was a trademark of his YouTube channel. In late 2016, he grew dissatisfied with photography as his main means of employment, and continued to pursue his "Everyday Astronaut" internet persona on Instagram and Twitter. In 2017, he created a YouTube channel covering spaceflight education, and that became his primary occupation. He also makes music, which has been used as background music for Rocket Lab launches.

After applying for the mission in 2022, Dodd was selected to participate in a lunar spaceflight as part of the dearMoon project crew. The mission was to take place aboard the SpaceX Starship. Had it proceeded, dearMoon would have been the first commercial cislunar spaceflight, and it would have made Dodd the first YouTuber to enter cislunar space. The project was cancelled in June 2024, with the organizers citing broader Starship program delays for the cancellation.

References

External links 

 Tim Dodd's work website
  

1985 births
Living people
American photographers
Place of birth missing (living people)
YouTubers from Iowa