omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
EASA (software). EASA is a low-code development platform which enables “citizen developers” to web-enable existing tools created with Excel, MATLAB, Python, R and other software. Custom web apps created with EASA are intended for minimizing or eliminating development time by re-using the original existing tools as the engine of the app.

History
EASA has OFFICES in Oxford, UK, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

In 2002,  EASA 1.0 was released as an engineering design tool and first customers started to go live with the platform. In the same year, the United States Patent was granted while the UK patent US6430609B1 was granted  in 2003.

In 2004; P&G became the first enterprise customer.

As of 2005, EASA has an Excel interface for direct links between an EASA application and spreadsheets. The Excel specific capability enables a wide range of industries to employ EASA, including financial, insurance, pharmaceutical, logistics and manufacturing.

On July 15, 2022, EASA was acquired by Volaris Group, one of six operating groups of Constellation Software Inc. CSI is a leading worldwide provider of software and related services, with revenues exceeding $5 billion, and is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "CSU". The full press release can be found here.

Product and services
EASA software enables “citizen developers” to create fit-for-purpose web apps.

See also
 AEA Technology
 Volaris Group
 Constellation Software, Inc.
 Platform as a Service

References

External links
 

Software distribution platforms
Computing platforms
Clementine Chambon. Clementine Chambon is a chemical engineer at Imperial College London, who works on energy solutions for  energy-deprived countries. She is the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of Oorja Development Solutions, a social enterprise that  focused on providing clean energy access to off-grid communities in rural India.

Education 
Chambon completed her Masters in Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge in 2014. During her degree, she was an intern at Mars Petcare in Verden, Northern Germany. She was awarded a graduate prize from the Salters' Institute of Industrial Chemistry. Subsequently, Chambon completed her PhD in lignocellulosic biofuels in 2017, funded by an Imperial College President's PhD Scholarship and the Grantham Institute for Climate Change.

Research 
Chambon received an Echoing Green Climate Fellowship with a grant of $90,000 in 2015. She has a technical experience with biomass gasification systems and deployment of viable emerging decentralised energy solutions. In 2017, she won the Institution of Chemical Engineers Young Researcher Award. She is an EPSRC doctoral prize fellow at Imperial College London working on biomass gasification and its application for rural electrification.

Oorja Development Solutions 
Chambon is the co-founder and chief technology officer of Oorja. She says that she came up with Oorja during Climate-KIC Journey, a summer school that teaches climate entrepreneurship, in August 2014. Oorja provides clean energy and biochar to rural off-grid communities in India. Chambon is responsible for the design and building of Oorja's easily operable mini-power plants, which transform agricultural waste into affordable electricity and can be run by local people. Oorja's mission is to impact one million people by 2025. They subsidise electricity for low-income households, women-led households, schools, health centres and off-grid street lights.

In 2016, Chambon was included Forbes' 30 Under 30 List for top Social Entrepreneurs. She was also listed in MIT Technology Review's list of French innovators under 35 years old. In 2017, Oorja used electrified 100 homes in Uttar Pradesh's Sarvantara Village, providing energy for 1,00 people.

References 

Living people
Women chemical engineers
French chemical engineers
Academics of Imperial College London
Women founders
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century French women engineers
21st-century French engineers
Aerostar AG-6. The Aerostar AG-6 (also known as the IAR AG-6) was a prototype Romanian agricultural aircraft of the late 1980s, developed for IAv, of Bacău. The company was later known as Aerostar. 

The AG-6 was a single-engine biplane, of which a single example was built, with no production following.

Design and development
In 1986, a team led by the engineer Constantin Rosca began work at the Romanian Aviation Institute on the design of a single-engine agricultural aircraft, the AG-6. The AG-6 was a single-engine tractor biplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and had a similar layout to the American Grumman Ag-Cat. The aircraft's fuselage was of welded steel tube construction, with the forward fuselage and wings covered in duralumin and the rear fuselage fabric covered. The pilot sat in an enclosed cockpit aft of the wings, with a glassfibre hopper  for liquid or powered agricultural chemicals fitted forward of the cockpit. The aircraft was powered by a Soviet Vedeneyev M14P radial engine, rated at  which drove a two-bladed variable-pitch propeller.

A prototype was built at the Bacău factory of IAv (Intreprinderea de Avione) (now Aerostar), making its first flight on 12 January 1989. In 1991, the Romanian aircraft industry was privatised, but a shortage of finance resulted in several projects, including the AG-6, being abandoned. Only the single prototype was built.

Specifications

References

1980s Romanian agricultural aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1989
BRP Cabra. BRP Cabra (MRRV-4409) is the eighth ship of the Parola-class patrol vessels of the Philippine Coast Guard.

Design and features
The Philippine Coast Guard clarified that the ship is a law enforcement vessel and is designed to conduct environmental and humanitarian missions, as well as maritime security operations and patrol missions.

The ship was designed with a bulletproof navigation bridge, and is equipped with fire monitors, night vision capability, a work boat, and radio direction finder capability.

The ship will be equipped with communications and radio monitoring equipment from Rohde & Schwarz, specifically the M3SR Series 4400 and Series 4100 software-defined communication radios, and DDF205 radio monitoring equipment. These equipment enhances the ship's reconnaissance, pursuit and communications capabilities.

Construction, delivery and commissioning
BRP Cabra underwent sea trials in Yokohama, Japan and was commissioned into service on March 28, 2018, together with the .

Operational history 
In April 2018, the BRP Cabra was sent to Boracay in Caticlan to conduct Maritime Patrols around the world-famous island for the duration of its six-month closure that started on April 26, 2018.

In September 2018, the BRP Cabra along with its sister ship the  and the Philippine Navy vessels  and  secured the , which ended up being grounded at the Hasa-Hasa Shoal (also known as the Half Moon Shoal) in the South China Sea. The BRP Gregorio del Pilar was eventually pulled out from the shoal a couple of days later.

References

Cabra
2018 ships
Ships built by Japan Marine United
Dirubidium. Dirubidium is a molecular substance containing two atoms of rubidium found in rubidium vapour. Dirubidium has two active valence electrons. It is studied both in theory and with experiment. The rubidium trimer has also been observed.

Synthesis and properties 
Dirubidium is produced when rubidium vapour is chilled. The enthalpy of formation (ΔfH°) in the gas phase is 113.29 kJ/mol. In practice, an oven heated to 600 to 800K with a nozzle can squirt out vapour that condenses into dimers. The proportion of Rb2 in rubidium vapour varies with its density, which depends on the temperature. At 200° the partial pressure of Rb2 is only 0.4%, at 400 °C it constitutes 1.6% of the pressure, and at 677 °C the dimer has 7.4% of the vapour pressure (13.8% by mass).

The rubidium dimer has been formed on the surface of helium nanodroplets when two rubidium atoms combine to yield the dimer:

Rb + Rb → Rb2

Rb2 has also been produced in solid helium matrix under pressure.

Ultracold rubidium atoms can be stored in a magneto-optic trap and then photoassociated to form molecules in an excited state, vibrating at a rate so high they barely hang together. In solid matrix traps, Rb2 can combine with the host atoms when excited to form exciplexes, for example Rb2(3Πu)He2 in a solid helium matrix.

Ultracold rubidium dimers are being produced in order to observe quantum effects on well-defined molecules. It is possible to produce a set of molecules all rotating on the same axis with the lowest vibrational level.

Spectrum
Dirubidium has several excited states, and spectral bands occur for transitions between these levels, combined with vibration. It can be studied by its absorption lines, or by laser induced-fluorescence. Laser induced-fluorescence can reveal the life-times of excited states. 

In the absorption spectrum of rubidium vapour, Rb2 has a major effect. Single atoms of rubidium in the vapour cause lines in the spectrum, but the dimer causes wider bands to appear. The most severe absorption between 640 and 730 nm makes the vapour almost opaque from 670 to 700 nm, wiping out the far red end of the spectrum. This is the band due to X→B transition. From 430 to 460 nm there is a shark-fin shaped absorption feature due to X→E transitions. Another shark fin like effect around 475 nm s due to X→D transitions. There is also a small hump with peaks at 601, 603 and 605.5 nm 1→3 triplet transitions and connected to the diffuse series. There are a few more small absorption features in the near infrared.

There is also a dirubidium cation, Rb2+ with different spectroscopic properties.

Bands

Molecular constants for excited states
The following table has parameters for 85Rb85Rb the most common for the natural element.

Related species
The other alkali metals also form dimers: dilithium Li2, Na2, K2, and Cs2. The rubidium trimer has also been observed on the surface of helium nanodroplets. The trimer, Rb3 has the shape of an equilateral triangle, bond length of 5.52 A˚ and a binding energy of 929 cm−1.

References

Rubidium
Homonuclear diatomic molecules
Allotropes
Sensors and Materials. Sensors and Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of sensor technology, including materials science as applied to sensors. It is published by Myu Scientific Publishing and the editor-in-chief is Makoto Ishida (Toyohashi University of Technology). The journal was established in 1988 by a group of Japanese academics to promote the publication of research by Asian authors in English.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.2.

References

External links
 

English-language journals
Materials science journals
Monthly journals
Open access journals
Academic journals established in 1988
Munia Ganguli. Munia Ganguli is an Indian biochemist, biotechnologist and a scientist at the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB). She is known for the development of non-invasive protocols of drug delivery and the team led by her was successful in developing a drug delivery system for skin disorders, using a nanometer-sized peptide complex carrying plasmid DNA which has since shown effective penetration and apparently without harming the skin. She holds two patents for the processes she has developed. At IGIB, she has established her laboratory where she hosts several research scholars and scientists. Her studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 76 of them.

Ganguli is a member of the contingent which represented IGIB in the Joint Research Initiative between CSIR and IGIB for interfacing chemistry with biology and has been a member of the editorial advisory committee of Nano Science and its Application, a national level seminar sponsored by the University Grants Commission. She has been the leader of the IGIB project, Nanomaterials and nanodevices for applications in health and disease, has delivered invited speeches which included the International Conference on Advances in Biological Systems and Materials Science in NanoWorld (ABSMSNW-2017) and guest edited the special volume of Science and Culture journal on Emerging Trends in Genomics : Applications in Health and Disease, published in January 2011. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences, in 2012.

Selected bibliography

See also 

 Plasmid
 Peptide

Notes

References 

N-BIOS Prize recipients
Living people
20th-century Indian biologists
Indian medical researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Indian biochemists
21st-century Indian inventors
Indian biotechnologists
Scientists from Delhi
People from New Delhi
Indian women biologists
20th-century Indian women scientists
Women inventors
Piloty's acid. Piloty's acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5SO2N(H)OH. A white solid, it is the benzenesulfonyl derivative of hydroxylamine. It is one of the main reagents used to generate nitroxyl (HNO), a highly reactive species that is implicated in a some chemical and biochemical reactions.

See also
 Angeli's salt

References

Hydroxylamines
Sulfonamides
Benzenesulfonates
Copper(II) chlorate. Copper(II) chlorate is a chemical compound of the transition metal copper and the chlorate anion with basic formula Cu(ClO3)2. Copper chlorate is an oxidiser. It commonly forms the tetrahydrate, Cu(ClO3)2·4H2O.

Production
Copper chlorate can be made by combining a hot one molar solution of copper sulfate, with barium chlorate, which results in the precipitation of barium sulfate. When the solution is filtered, cooled and evaporated under a vacuum blue crystals form.

CuSO4 + Ba(ClO3)2 → Cu(ClO3)2 + BaSO4(s)

Properties
In 1902, A. Meusser investigated solubility of copper chlorate and found that it melted and started decomposing above 73 °C, giving off chlorine.

Copper chlorate decomposes when heated, giving off a yellow gas, which contains chlorine, oxygen and chlorine dioxide. A green solid is left that is a basic copper salt.

2 Cu(ClO3)2 → 2 CuO + Cl2 + 3 O2 + 2 ClO2

Sulfur is highly reactive with copper chlorate, and it is important not to cross contaminate these chemicals, for example in pyrotechnic making.

Structure 
Copper(II) chlorate commonly crystallizes as a tetrahydrate, though a hexahydrate is also known. Tetraaquacopper(II) chlorate, Cu(ClO3)2·4H2O, has an orthorhombic crystal structure. Each copper atom is octahedrally coordinated, surrounded by four oxygen atoms of water, and two oxygen atoms from chlorate groups, which are opposite each other. Water is closer to the copper than chlorate, 1.944 Å compared to 2.396 Å, exhibiting the Jahn-Teller effect. The chlorate groups take the shape of a distorted tetrahedron. At , the chlorine-oxygen distances in each chlorate ion are 1.498, 1.488 and 1.468 Å, with the longest being the oxygen next to copper. The ∠O-Cu-O (angle subtended at copper by oxygen atoms) is 105.2°, 108.3°, and 106.8°. At lower temperatures (), the water molecules and copper-chlorate distance shrink.

Use
François-Marie Chertier used tetraamminecopper(II) chlorate to colour flames blue in 1843. This material was abbreviated TACC with formula Cu(NH3)4(ClO3)2. TACC explodes on impact.

The substance became known as Chertier's copper for use in blue coloured pyrotechnics. However its deliquescence causes a problem. Mixtures with other metal salts can yield violet or lilac colours also.

It has also been used to colour copper brown.

References

Chlorates
Copper(II) compounds
Pandri, Purulia district. Pandri is a small village situated in the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, known for being the first decentralized solar-powered village in India.

Geography
Pandri is situated in the foothills of the Ajodhya Hills in the district Purulia. The village is located about eighteen kilometers from Jhalda. The village has about eighty households which are basically mud huts in three clusters. The approach to the village is a dirt road that winds through hilly terrain. The source of water supply to Pandri village is a dam situated close to the village.

First solar-powered village in India
Pandri is the first decentralized solar-powered village in India. An initiative by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's Art of Living Foundation which is a  non-profit organization and by the Sri Sri Rural Development Program in West Bengal, set up the solar plant at a cost of about 4,500,000 Indian rupees. Pandri was chosen for this project as it had all year water supply due to its proximity to a dam situated near the village. Logistically, it was hard to set up the solar power plant due to bad roads and the steep climb for the supply trucks to reach Pandri. The other issue in setting up the solar plant was that labor (which included masons) and electricians initially refused to work in the area and around the village, as it was an area affected by Maoists. Covering about 2,000 square feet with about 75 solar panels, the solar power project was completed in 2015, generating about 1.2 kilowatts per panel of solar-power supplying clean energy to about 80 households.

References

Villages in Purulia district
Solar power in India
Bilal Ekşi. Bilal Ekşi (Born in 1968 in Rize, Turkey) is Deputy Chairman and CEO of Turkish Airlines.

Biography 
Ekşi graduated from Yıldız Technical University, the Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering in 1989. After graduation he joined as an Electronics and Communications Engineer the Turkish State Railways, later being assigned to the position of Workshop Manager at Metro Istanbul.

Work 
Bilal Ekşi joined Turkish Airlines in 2003. Between 2003 and 2005 he worked as Head of Overhaul Workshops. In 2005, Ekşi became the company's Chief Ground Operations Officer. Between 2008 and 2009 Ekşi served as the Chief Production Officer at Turkish Technic, the maintenance, repair, and overhaul center of Turkish Airlines. From 2009 to 2010 Ekşi worked as Executive Vice President at Turkish Engine Center (TEC), a Joint Venture of Turkish Technic and Pratt & Whitney. In 2010 he became General Manager of the company's sister air carrier Cyprus Turkish Airlines.

Ekşi left Turkish Airlines in April 2011, becoming Head of the Directorate General of the Turkish Civil Aviation.

On October 21, 2016, Ekşi has been assigned as Chief Executive Officer and Deputy Chairman of the Board and Executive Committee of Turkish Airlines, succeeding Temel Kotil.

References

Turkish businesspeople
Businesspeople in aviation
Living people
Yıldız Technical University alumni
1968 births
Turkish Airlines
Institut supérieur de l'automobile et des transports. The Institut supérieur de l'automobile et des transports is a graduate engineering school, created in 1991. It is located in the campus of the University of Burgundy. It is the only public engineering college in France specialized in automotive.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ISAT (ISAT Graduate engineer Masters program with EUR-ACE label)
 Master of Science

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ISAT.

Most of the 1000 graduate engineer students at ISAT live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

Research at Institut supérieur de l'automobile et des transports 
 Energy, Propulsion and Environment
 Intelligent Vehicles
 Durability and Composite Structures
 Vibrations & Transport Acoustics.

References

External links
 Official website

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Grandes écoles
Nevers
Educational institutions established in 1991
1991 establishments in France
Vibrating belt machine. A vibrating belt machine is a device that was promoted to passively reduce body fat through the use of an oscillating or vibrating belt around the exercise subject's waist, without active exercise by the user. The device was widely promoted in the 1950s and 1960s as a way to break up abdominal fat through vibration.

Early versions were devised by Swiss physician and inventor Gustav Zander in the late 19th century. Zander's machines were intended as a means of massage. Another version was promoted beginning in 1927 by John Harvey Kellogg at his Battle Creek Sanitarium, as the "Battle Creek Health Builder," with claims of additional health benefits. By the 1950s, similar devices were marketed to passively reduce fat. The devices became a common comedic element in television shows, seen in I Love Lucy and The Flintstones. They remained popular through the 1960s, but fell out of fashion by the 1980s, when it had become clear that they had no fat-reducing benefits.

The devices usually consisted of a platform on which the subject could stand, with a post extending upward to waist level, mounting an electric motor. One or two wide fabric belts were attached to the motor. Leaning away from the motor, a subject could "exercise" the desired portion of their body.

See also
 Whole-body vibration

References

Exercise equipment
Obsolete technologies
1950s fads and trends
1960s fads and trends
Gotha B types. The Gotha B types of the Gothaer Waggonfabrik were two-seat reconnaissance/trainer aircraft of the German Air Force in the First World War.

Development 
In 1914 Gotha developed a biplane with 120 hp inline engine, which received the factory designation LD.7 and was classified by Idflieg as Gotha B.I.

The B.II (factory designation LD.10) differed significantly from the B.I: The wings were larger, the fuselage shorter and a rotary engine was installed.  The B.II was similar to an earlier concept, the Gotha LD.1 two-seater, which was powered by a Gnôme rotary engine with 100 hp.

Operational history 
18 B.Is were delivered and used until 1915 for reconnaissance, then as a trainer aircraft. The B.II, of which 10 were built, was also used as a trainer aircraft.

Specifications

References

Bibliography 

 Günter Kroschel, Helmut Stützer: Die deutschen Militärflugzeuge 1910 – 1918. Lohse-Eissing, Wilhelmshaven 1977.

 Heinz Nowarra: Die Entwicklung der Flugzeuge 1914 – 1918. Lehmanns, München 1959.

Gotha aircraft