omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Qaem. The Qaem  (or Ghaem; ) refers to two completely distinct Iranian weapons: an air-to-ground glide bomb and a surface-to-air missile. These two weapons are similarly sized and identically named, and are both developed from the Toophan missile, but are separate weapon systems.

Qaem surface-to-air missile 

This is an Iranian SACLOS beam-riding SHORAD surface-to-air missile. With a range of six kilometers and a maximum altitude of two kilometers, the Qaem is intended for use against UAVs and low flying or stationary helicopters. The Qaem is a development of the Toophan missile, itself an unlicensed copy of the American BGM-71 TOW missile, and entered mass production in 2010.

The Qaem anti-aircraft missile uses a laser guidance system. Iran also produces a variant, the Qaem-M, which adds a proximity fuse. This weapon appears to be designed and manufactured based on the Toophan which is an anti-tank guided missile.
 Ghaem-114 toophan missile comparable of AGM-114

North Korea may operate Qaem-114.

The Islamic Republic of Iran mass-produces these missiles. This type of missile is capable of being fired from the surface as well as from helicopters. This anti-armor missile is capable of destroying low-speed, low-altitude targets.
No information has been released about this missile's technical specifications, but according to published photos of it and its physical appearance, it is nearly 120 centimeters long, weighs 18 to 20 kilograms, and has a diameter of about 150 centimeters.
Since the Toophan missile has a range of 3,850 meters, this missile will have the same range, too.
The vertical anti-helicopter-guided missile can be guided by laser beams and is resistant to electronic warfare and enemy disruption.

Qaem air-to-ground bomb 

A completely unrelated Iranian munition, but also named "Qaem," is carried by Qods Mohajer-6 UAVs and Hamaseh UAVs.

The Qaem is available in four variants: the Qaem 1, with a suspected infrared seeker; a variant simply named Qaem, with suspected laser guidance; a larger variant named Qaem-5, with TV guidance; and an even larger variant named Qaem-9, also with TV guidance.

The Qaem A2G glide bomb is related to the Sadid-345 glide bomb, but has different wings and size.

See also 
 List of military equipment manufactured in Iran
 Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran)
 Defense industry of Iran

References 

Guided missiles of Iran
Surface-to-air missiles of Iran
Post–Cold War weapons of Iran
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Resonant converter. A resonant converter is a type of electric power converter that contains a network of inductors and capacitors called a resonant tank, tuned to resonate at a specific frequency. They find applications in electronics, in integrated circuits.

There are multiple types of resonant converter:
 Series resonant converter
 Parallel resonant converter
 Class E resonant converter
 Class E resonant rectifier
 Zero-voltage switching resonant converter
 Zero-current switching resonant converter
 Two-quadrant ZVS resonant converter
 Resonant DC-link inverter

See also 
 Inverter
 Switched-mode power supply

References

Electrical engineering
DyNet. DyNet is the communications network and communications protocol for Dynalite lighting automation and building automation. It is now part of Signify.

Design 
The network runs on a 4-twisted-pair cable of 100Ω 100 MHz CAT5E [1] or a flat cable with RS485 serial port, usually with a RJ-12 connector. A daisy-chain serial network topology is strongly recommended with no stubs. The recommended cable colour-coding is:

Green/White pair  =  paralleled for GND

Orange/White pair  =  paralleled for +12V

Blue/White pair  =  blue for DATA+    and white for DATA-

Brown/White pair  = spare or shield if unshielded cable is used.

References 

Lighting
Building automation
Gabe Aul. Gabriel J. "Gabe" Aul, (born August 5, 1972) is the Vice President of Oculus at Meta. He was previously the Corporate Vice President (CVP) of Windows & Devices Group (WDG), Engineering Systems (1ES) team at Microsoft. He was appointed as VP on 31 July 2015, following the launch of Windows 10 on 29 July 2015. He led the Windows Insider Program until June 1, 2016, where he was succeeded by Dona Sarkar.

Career 
Aul started Microsoft's Security Response team for Internet Explorer in 1996. Aul was later part of a team that started Microsoft's Sustained Engineering group in Windows, responsible for delivering hotfixes and service packs to customers.

Aul led the effort to build Microsoft's first product telemetry systems. Before then, Microsoft had no idea about how many problems were occurring on customer systems, nor were they able to debug them. Aul led part of the team creating the technologies to allow upload of crash, hang, and other failure data (Windows Error Reporting) as well as Microsoft's anonymous data collection system for usage data (Customer Experience Improvement Program.) Aul won several engineering awards, patents, and published a paper based on this work.

After Windows Vista, Aul started the Program Management team working on Performance for Windows, with Michael Fortin who led the Development team. Aul and his team spent 3 years working on Windows 7, the first edition of Windows ever that used less resources (memory, CPU, disk) than its predecessor.

Aul was promoted to Director and expanded his team to include reliability and security, and for Windows 8 they bested Windows 7 on those dimensions.

For Windows 10; Aul was running an even further expanded team (adding Data Science to his other “Fundamentals” role) and was able to lead the effort to enable Flighting and Feedback for Microsoft's "Windows as a Service" strategy. As part of that, Aul started the Windows Insider Program and got to be the face of the effort for a while.

Gabriel stepped down from his role of running the Windows Insider Program on 1 June 2016, citing that he couldn't "give 100%" to both the Insider Program and his other job on the Engineering Systems Team at once.

On September 8, 2017, Gabriel Aul celebrated his 25th anniversary working at Microsoft.

In 2019, Gabe Aul has left Microsoft for Facebook's Oculus team.

Patents 
 Method and system for downloading updates for software installation - Filed: September 16, 1999 | Issued: December 10, 2002
 Method and system for an incidental feedback platform - Filed: April 22, 2005 | Issued: June 24, 2008
 Device emulation to facilitate data transfer - Filed: March 9, 2006 | Issued: January 10, 2012

References

External links 
 

1972 births
Living people
Microsoft people
Eric Megaw. Eric Christopher Stanley Megaw MBE (1908 – 25 January 1956)  was an Irish (Belfast-educated) engineer who refined the power of the cavity magnetron for radar purposes (detection of U-boats) in the Second World War. He was appointed an MBE in 1943.

Early life
He was born in Dublin. Two of his younger brothers, Peter Megaw and Basil Megaw, attended the same grammar school as him in Belfast. He was the son of Arthur Stanley Megaw who married Helen Smith. He attended Campbell College and Queen's University Belfast.

He was an active radio amateur, and while still at school was the first amateur operator to manage contact between Ireland and Australia. After graduating from Queen's at the age of 20, he was awarded a research fellowship at Imperial College, London. He was fluent in French, German and Italian. His name has sometimes been erroneously spelled Eric McGaw.

Career 

He was the leader of a group working on the cavity magnetron from April 1940 in north-west London. The cavity magnetron was producing power of around 500W (E1188 version). Eric Megaw changed the design, coating the cathode with oxides (E1189 version) and eight segments from six, to increase the power to 100 kW by September 1940, enough to detect submarines. The first trial on board an aircraft took place in March 1941.

The greatly-improved cavity magnetron would be valuable to the Tizard Mission.

See also
 History of radar
 List of World War II British naval radar

References

 The Development of Radar Equipments for the Royal Navy, 1935–45, page 111, Naval Radar Trust 1995
 Technical and Military Imperatives: A Radar History of World War 2, page 153

External links
 Complete description of research
 History
 Radarpages
 Science Museum
 Cavity magnetron

1908 births
1956 deaths
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Battle of the Atlantic
20th-century Irish engineers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Campbell College
Engineers from Dublin (city)
Radar pioneers
List of RAAF inland aircraft fuel depots. In 1939, with the commencement of World War II, the Chief of the Air Staff of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) identified the necessity to increase bulk storage and supply of aviation fuel across Australia for the purpose of defending Australia. An investigative committee was created to determine the most strategic, safe locations and the design of the storage facilities.  It identified that 31 inland aircraft fuel depots (IAFDs) were required to be constructed for the storage of aircraft fuel, built from brick, concrete and steel.

The sites were to be located inland to enhance protection from air attack and would hold 20,760,000 gallons (93,420,000 litres) of aircraft fuel. Eleven were built in New South Wales, six in Queensland, four in Victoria, four in Western Australia, four in South Australia, one in Tasmania and one in the Northern Territory.

Originally some of the depots stored fuel in drums and were referred to as ‘Inland Storages for Reserves of Aviation Spirit’ and others designated ‘RAAF Inland Storage Depots’ which were later referred to as ‘RAAF Inland Petrol Depot (RIPDs)’. With another later standardisation of the name, these depots were finally designated ‘Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot’ The eventual construction of these brick and steel tanks was substantially carried out by the Allied Works Council made up of bricklayers, carpenters and manual labour.

The total 31 IAFDs were in full operation by early 1944 with all sites located close to railway lines for access by rail tankers, but were situated well away from the airfields they serviced, for safety, as these were bulk storage facilities. Fuel would be transported from the IAFD to the airfield fuel tanks by road tanker. In close co-operation with the United States Army Air Corps the costs and fuel distribution were shared with the RAAF with the USAAC having additional bulk inland fuel storages at 13 of the 31 IAFDs.

Names and locations
The following list gives details of Inland Aircraft Fuel Depots across Australia during World War II:

References

Further reading

Royal Australian Air Force lists
Military units and formations of the Royal Australian Air Force
Air force logistics units and formations
Australia in World War II
Fuels infrastructure in Australia
Auster A.2/45. The Auster A.2/45 was a British late 1940s single-engined high-wing air observation monoplane built by Auster Aircraft Limited at Rearsby, Leicestershire. It was designed and built to meet Air Ministry Specification A.2/45 for an "air observation post" (AOP) for the British Army, the requirement was withdrawn and only two prototypes were built.

Design and development
The Auster Model N normally known by the specification number as the A.2/45 was a strut-braced high-wing monoplane with a single DH Gipsy Queen engine, the enclosed cabin had room for a pilot and observer seated in tandem. It had a conventional landing gear with a tail wheel.

The British Air Ministry Specification A.2/45 was issued on 20 July 1945 for an Air Observation Aircraft to meet Operational Requirement OR.176 in particularly for operation from unprepared landing grounds. Contracts for four prototypes from both Auster and the Heston Aircraft Company were placed on 21 August 1945, this was later reduced to just two aircraft from each company. The Heston competitor for the specification was the Heston JC.6.

The first prototype Auster A.2/45 VL522 flew on 27 April 1948. The Air Ministry requirement was cancelled on 20 March 1950 and only the two prototypes were built.

Specifications

See also
 Heston A.2/45 designed to the same Air Ministry Specification

References

Auster aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1940s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1948
Cranwell Light Aeroplane Club. The Cranwell Light Aeroplane Club was formed in 1923 by staff and students of the RAF College Cranwell to design and build light aircraft. One of the members was Flight Lieutenant Nicholas Comper who became the Chief Designer. Comper and the club designed and built four aircraft with the last three types being flown.

Aircraft

CLA.1 - The Cranwell CLA.1 was the first attempt by the Club to design an aircraft but was never built. 

CLA.2 - The Cranwell CLA.2 was a two-seat single-engined biplane designed and built for the 1924 Lympne light aircraft trials. It was first flown at Cranwell at 14 September 1924 and went on to win the £300 Reliability Prize at Lympne. After the light plane trials the CLA.2 went to RAF Martlesham Heath for evaluation but it was written off by an Air Ministry pilot. The Air Ministry compensated the club for the loss and this was used to fund the next project. 

CLA.3 - The Cranwell CLA.3 was designed to compete in the 1925 Lympne light aircraft trials, a high-wing braced monoplane powered by a Bristol Cherub engine. It won the International Speed Race at Lympne when it achieved 86.92 mph. The CLA.3 was scrapped in 1929.

CLA.4 - Two Cranwell CLA.4s were built for the 1926 Lympne light aircraft trials, they were two-seat inverted sesquiplanes. The first aircraft was flown by Comper at the trials but was withdrawn with a damaged landing gear. The second aircraft was destroyed in a crash in March 1927.

CLA.7 - The Comper CLA.7 Swift was designed by Comper for the Club but was built after he left the Royal Air Force by his company Comper Aircraft Company.

References

Companies based in Lincolnshire
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Royal Air Force College Cranwell
Lefteri H. Tsoukalas. Lefteri H. Tsoukalas is a professor of engineering and founding director of the AI Systems Lab (AISL) at Purdue University. He has served as head of the School of Nuclear Engineering of Purdue University and as Chairman of the United States Nuclear Engineering Department Heads Organization.

Tsoukalas holds a PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (1989). He has over 250 research publications on intelligent systems and control methodologies, more than three decades of experience in these fields, and is the principal author of the book Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in Engineering (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997).

Dr. Tsoukalas has served in advisory and consulting positions for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) of the Government of Singapore; and the United States Department of Energy. He has been recognized by being inducted to the status of Fellow of the American Nuclear Society and awarded with the Humboldt Prize, Germany's highest honor for international scientists.

References

External links
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Purdue University faculty
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Humboldt Research Award recipients
Application footprint. In computing, footprint of an application software (or application footprint) provides a sense of sizing of its various constituents, and hence, is a spatial measurement, in a given context, such as disk footprint, memory footprint (a.k.a. runtime footprint), network footprint, etc. In each case, footprint of an application excludes data that it may operate on, as part of storage or execution, but essentially includes programs (executable and libraries), configuration files, resources (binary or textual) and other context-specific components that may be considered as part of the software.

Whereas disk footprint of an application refers to its storage size, runtime footprint translates to memory requirements at execution time. Network footprint, on the other hand, refers to the extent of control information that a network-based application references, again, excluding any data that it may require to transmit (download or upload) to carry its activities. For example, the network footprint of an application that fetches execution logs from a server does not include the sizes of logs it would have fetched in a typical session, but would include control messages that it would have sent and received.

Distinguishing Disk Footprint Vs. Memory Footprint 

Often, disk footprint is confused with memory footprint, since both include certain overlapping areas, such program executable, libraries, etc. Though this is true to a certain extent, their individual makeup contain areas that are not relevant or clearly correspond to anything in the other category. For example, runtime footprint of an application would include stack space, which is typically meaningless in the storage footprint paradigm. On the other hand, configuration files read-in by an application, at start up, are usually closed off, but their in-memory representation (such as a property tree or linked list of key-value pairs) maintained for its entire life-time, and hence, do not really correspond, in terms of relative sizing. Further, the configurations read-in from differing formats (say XML, JSON, CSVs, etc.), may contribute to differing disk sizing, but end up being represented as the same internal data structures, ending up in similar, if not identical, memory sizing requirements.

See also 
 Virtual memory
 Memory management
 Computer data storage

References 

Software optimization
Summerlee Iron Works. The Summerlee Iron Works  (1836–1930) was an iron works established in Coatbridge, Scotland. The site has been incorporated into the Summerlee Museum of Scottish Industrial Life.

History
The Summerlee Iron Works was an early adopter of the 'Hot Blast Process', recently patented by James Beaumont Neilson in 1828. This process burned waste furnace gases in regenerative stoves, to heat up a lattice of fire bricks inside them. Once the bricks were sufficiently heated, the waste furnace gases were purged and replaced by fresh air intended to fire the furnaces. The fire bricks transferred their heat to this air, turning it into the 'hot blast' pumped into the furnaces.

No traces of the original small rectangular stoves remain, but foundations of the round Cowper Stoves, that were as tall as the furnaces themselves (20 m) and installed in the 1870s, are visible.

The iron works closed in the early 1930s during the Great Depression and was demolished in 1938. Additional demolition took place in the 1950s during the construction of the Hydrocon crane factory.

Excavation
The site was excavated between 1985 and 1987 by the Manpower Services Commission and again in 2000 by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division. Four furnace hearths were excavated and are, together with the furnace bank wall, the most notable remains of the iron works.

Notes

References
 
 

1836 establishments in Scotland
1930 disestablishments in Scotland
Ironworks and steelworks in Scotland
Defunct iron and steel mills
Magnus Wrenninge. Magnus Wrenninge is a Swedish software developer in the American film industry.

Magnus Wrenninge grew up in Sollentuna and studied after high school at Linköping University where he graduated in 2003. He then settled in the United States to work in the film industry in the country.

He won the Technical Achievement Award at the 2015 Academy Awards for leading the design and development of Field3D, and also as part of a team won a 2016 Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement, Animated Effects in an Animated Production for his work on The Good Dinosaur. Wrenninge won the award along with Jon Reisch, Stephen Marshall, Michael Hall, and Michael K. O'Brien. He also won a Visual Effects Society Award.

Selected filmography
 The Good Dinosaur (2015)

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Annie Award winners
Pixar people
Swedish expatriates in the United States
Spritmonitor. Spritmonitor is a German website that collects and delivers information about the fuel consumption of vehicles under real-life conditions. The database is provided by the users of the website themselves (crowdsourcing) who log the fuel-ups of their vehicles in the system.

History 
The website was created by Thomas Fischl and Dominik Fisch as a side project to their study of computer science at the University of Passau, Germany in 2001. Initially, the project was known under the name „Consumption Tables“ and was renamed to „Spritmonitor“ after a testing phase („Sprit“ is in Germany colloquial speech for fuel). The website is operated and owned by the Fisch und Fischl GmbH company which was founded in 2008.

Functions  
Spritmonitor offers two main functions:

First, it is possible for a car owner to log and track fuel up data and all vehicle-based expenses in the system. Based on this data many different analyses can be performed (e.g., fuel consumption depending on season, kind of fuel, used tires, etc.). Spritmonitor can be used on the road with the corresponding iPhone-, Android-, and Windows Phone-Apps as well as with the mobile version of the website.

Second, the data base entries of Spritmonitor users can be viewed and analysed by others. Thereby, future car owners do not only have to rely on the fuel consumption published by car manufacturers but they can also get information about the-to-be-expected real-life fuel consumption of a vehicle before buying it.

Use in scientific studies and tests 
The Spritmonitor data base has reached such a significance in size and quality that it can be used in scientific studies. The ICCT uses the data set in its annual report “From Laboratory To Road”  as well as Transport and Environment in its studies “Mind The Gap” and “How clean are electric cars?”. Also the Deutsche Umwelthilfe refers to Spritmonitor in its publication “Verbrauchsabweichungen in Deutschland und den USA”.

Besides those scientific studies, the Spritmonitor data is also used in vehicles tests of different media. The German consumer organisation Stiftung Warentest also references Spritmonitor in their guide to buying used cars.

Figures 
The Spritmonitor data base contains over 1 million vehicles of 800,000 users. All the users together logged over 49 million fuel-ups which correspond to a driven distance of 25 billion kilometres.

References 

2001 establishments in Germany
German websites
Internet properties established in 2001
Maxstoke air crash. The Maxstoke air crash occurred on the 19 August 1918. A No. 14 Aircraft Acceptance Park Handley Page O/400 of the Royal Air Force took off from Castle Bromwich Aerodrome. The aircraft was taking part of a test flight, testing a dynamo and lighting system. While flying over North Warwickshire, the pilots lost control of the aircraft and crashed into a field at Maxstoke, North Warwickshire, killing all seven crew on board. The pilots were Canadian Lt. Robert Edward Andrew MacBeth and Lt. Frederick James Bravery. The other crew were air mechanics. Charles William Offord was testing the dynamo and lighting system and J May was performing a rigging test. Albert J. Winrow and H. Simmons were to make up war load to pilot's instructions and G. Greenland was responsible for the petrol pumps. MacBeth and Simmons were buried in the Maxstoke cemetery.

The cause of the accident was determined to be loss of control due to wing failure when the aircraft lost fabric from a wing. It was the deadliest accident involving the Royal Air Force at the time.

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1918
Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
Disasters in Warwickshire
Aviation accidents and incidents in England
1918 in England
1918 disasters in the United Kingdom