omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Raffaele Conflenti. Raffaele Conflenti (4 December 1889 – 16 July 1946) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer. During his career, he worked for some of the most important seaplane manufacturers in Italy and designed a large number of aircraft including civil and military flying boats, record-breaking seaplanes and land trainers and fighters.

Biography
Conflenti was born in Cosenza, then part of the Kingdom of Italy, on 4 December 1889. He graduated in engineering and in 1912 he started working for Società Italiana Transaerea (Italian Trans-Aeronautical Company, or SIT) in Turin. He then worked for Domenico Santoni's Società Costruzioni Aeronautiche Savoia (Savoia Aeronautical Works Company) in Milan and later he became the technical director of SIAI (Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia, Italian for Seaplane Company of Northern Italy), the company Santoni had founded in 1914 together with businessman Luigi Capè. SIAI was headquartered in Sesto Calende, on Lake Maggiore.

Conflenti, who had initially supervised the production of license-built Blériot, Maurice Farman and Henri Farman aircraft, now turned to FBA types. In 1917, however, his first original design—the SIAI S.8—made its maiden flight. Conflenti designed several other aircraft for SIAI before Santoni suddenly left SIAI and moved to Saint-Ouen, in the suburbs of Paris, where in 1921 he founded a new company named CAMS (Chantiers Aéro-Maritimes de la Seine, French for Aircraft and Shipping Yards of the Seine); Conflenti followed Santoni a few months later and became the technical director of CAMS. CAMS initially built SIAI aircraft under license, but Conflenti soon started designing new types of seaplanes, including record-breaking CAMS 30T and CAMS 36.

Conflenti left CAMS in 1923 and he went back to Italy, where he became the head designer of the newly founded aeronautical section of CNT (Cantiere Navale Triestino, Italian for Shipyard of Trieste), headquartered in Monfalcone. He held that position until 1932 (in the meantime, CNT had merged with Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino giving birth to Cantieri Riuniti dell'Adriatico, or CRDA).

Between late 1932 and 1935 Conflenti worked for the Società Aerea Mediterranea (SAM) airline. In 1936 he started working for the Caproni group, where he collaborated with Giovanni Pegna; among his last designs were the Caproni Ca.164, Ca.165 and Ca.603.

Conflenti died in Cosenza on 16 July 1946.

References

1889 births
1946 deaths
Aircraft designers
Italian aerospace engineers
R.D. Engineering College Ghaziabad. R.D. Engineering College (RDEC) is an engineering college, located at Ghaziabad City in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The college is affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
The college provides technical as well as management courses in various streams. Its campus is  away from Vaishali metro station, near the National Highway 58, connecting Ghaziabad to Meerut.

History

The Rajeshwar Dayal Educational Trust was established on 20 April 2004.

R.D. Engineering College is one of the pioneering institutions established by the Rameshwar Dayal Educational Trust. The institute was founded as a self-financing institute. This college is situated at 8th km mile stone from Ghaziabad on N.H 58, Delhi-Meerut Road, Duhai, Ghaziabad. The college is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (A.I.C.T.E.), Ministry of HRD, Government of India and state government. The college is affiliated with Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU).

It offers technical education in various engineering streams such as Computer Science & Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Information Technology and Management Courses like MBA.

Campus
The college owns a 12-acre campus and the management is planning to add more infrastructure. It has a gym.

The RDEC library is open 10 hours daily. According to the college website (2008): "It is equipped with a large number of text and reference books and a plethora of Indian and Foreign Journals and magazines. The library is also enriched with all type of  academic resources. A Xerox is made available during working hours. The library contains texts in English and many other languages."

Organisation and administration
The college was set up by the Rameshwar Dayal Education Trust.

Academic profile

The institution is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, recognized by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, and affiliated with Uttar Pradesh Technical University in Lucknow.

References

Engineering colleges in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
Private engineering colleges in Uttar Pradesh
Selective photonic disinfection. Selective photonic disinfection (SEPHODIS) is an ultrashort pulse laser technology invented by Tsen and colleagues to combat pathogens including viruses and bacteria. SEPHODIS uses extremely brief pulses of light to destroy viral capsids while minimizing collateral damage to human cells and proteins. The technology is being developed as a defense system to rapidly produce vaccines against emerging pathogens, and as a method to safeguard the blood supply.

References 

Experimental medical treatments
Bridget Shield. Bridget Mary Shield  (née West) is a leading researcher on acoustics.

Shield graduated from Birmingham University with a BSc in Pure Mathematics in 1968, an MSc in mathematics in 1969 and a PhD in Engineering Production in 1979.

Shield was the first female President of the Institute of Acoustics from 2012 to 2014. Shield was Professor of Acoustics in the Department of Urban Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering, Science and Built Environment at London South Bank University. She was a leading researcher on the effects of noise on children and how it affects their ability to learn. In 2003 she was appointed by the Department for Education and Skills as editor of Building Bulletin 93 (BB93), which contains the acoustic performance specifications for schools. Shield worked with Trevor Cox on Public Understanding of Science projects. She chaired the 10th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem in London.

Shield was awarded the R W B Stephens Medal by the Institute of Acoustics in 2011. The medal is awarded in odd-numbered years for outstanding contributions to acoustics research or education. She was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Acoustics in 2007. Shield received the John Connell Lifetime Achievement Award from the Noise Abatement Society in 2011. She was awarded the title of Emeritus Professor upon her retirement from London South Bank University in 2014.

She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to acoustics science and voluntary service to inclusion in science and engineering.

References

Living people
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academics of London South Bank University
British acoustical engineers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Nant de Drance Hydropower Plant. The Nant de Drance Hydropower Plant is a pumped-storage power station in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is within the municipality of Finhaut, district of Saint-Maurice and about  southwest of Martigny. Construction on the power plant began in 2008 and it began operations in 2022. It is owned by Nant de Drance SA, a consortium of Alpiq (39%), SBB (36%),  (15%) and  (FMV) (10%). The US$1.9 billion plant has an installed capacity of 900 MW and an energy storage capacity of 20 GWh.

Background

On 25 August 2008, the Swiss Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications granted a building permit to Nant de Drance SA for the construction of the plant with a 600 MW design. Preliminary construction began in September 2008 but a concession was granted in April 2011 which allowed for a larger 900 MW plant. Excavation of the tunnels began in 2009 and the caverns commenced in 2010. Raising of the upper Vieux Emosson Dam began in Spring 2013. The underground power house excavation was completed in April 2014. The first generators were tested in 2017.

In December 2014, at the International Tunnelling & Underground Space Awards, the project was awarded the Major Tunnelling Project of the Year award in the category of projects over US$500 million.

Design

The power plant uses two existing reservoirs to operate. The lower reservoir, Lac d'Emosson, is formed by the  tall,  long Émosson Dam, an arch dam which was completed in 1974. It withholds a reservoir with a storage capacity of  and surface area of . The lower reservoir is  long and when full, lies  above sea level. 

The upper reservoir for the plant, Lac du Vieux Emosson, is formed by a  tall and  long arch dam originally completed in 1955. The dam is  tall. Lac du Vieux Emosson's storage capacity is  and has a surface area of . When full, the upper reservoir lies  above sea level.

The power plant is between both reservoirs and uses the pumped-storage hydroelectric method. To accomplish this, when energy demand is high, water is released from the upper reservoir, down a series of  penstocks to the six 150 MW reversible Francis turbine-generators in the power plant. The large underground power house measures  long,  high and  wide. After generating power, water from the power plant is discharged to the lower reservoir, releasing up to 20 GWh of energy. When power demand is low, such as at night, the turbines reverse and water can be pumped back up to the upper reservoir for use during high demand periods. As such, it serves as a peaking power plant with 80% efficiency.

Under the guidance of AF-Consult Switzerland Ltd as general planner, the civil engineering works were carried out by GMI (a joint venture of Marti and Implenia) and the electro-mechanical works were done by GE Hydro.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Switzerland
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in Switzerland
Buildings and structures in Valais
Dams in Switzerland
Arch dams
Underground power stations
Energy infrastructure under construction
Acousto-electronics. Acousto-electronics (also spelled 'Acoustoelectronics') is a branch of physics, acoustics and electronics that studies interactions of ultrasonic and hypersonic waves in solids with electrons and with electro-magnetic fields. Typical phenomena studied in acousto-electronics are acousto-electric effect and also amplification of acoustic waves by flows of electrons in piezoelectric semiconductors, when the drift velocity of the electrons exceeds the velocity of sound. The term 'acousto-electronics' is often understood in a wider sense to include numerous practical applications of the interactions of electro-magnetic fields with acoustic waves in solids. In particular, these are signal processing devices using surface acoustic waves (SAW), different sensors of temperature, pressure, humidity, acceleration, etc.

See also
 Acousto-optics
 Rayleigh wave
 Love wave
 Interdigital transducer
 Picosecond ultrasonics

Further reading

External links
 Consortium for Applied Acoustoelectronic Technology - University of Central Florida
 
Acoustics
Electronics
Buick Avenir. The Buick Avenir is a concept car manufactured by Buick. The name of the vehicle Avenir means 'future' in French. In October 2017, Buick made Avenir a premium top-of-the-line sub-brand, similar to GMC’s Denali and Chevrolet’s Signature series. The Buick LaCrosse and Enclave were the first vehicles to receive this upgrade for the 2018 model year.

Development 

The Avenir was unveiled at the 2015 North American International Auto Show as a prototypical concept study on the future of the Buick brand. It was designed in GM's Australian design facility, with its exterior design led by Warrack Leach.

Technology 
The vehicle features a new generation direct-injected V6 engine, cylinder deactivation with stop-start technology, a 12-inch touchpad infotainment system, four occupant luxury seating, full LED lighting, 4G connectivity, selectable suspension settings, 9-speed automatic transmission and a system that General Motors has referred to as a "dual-clutch all-wheel drive system". It is reportedly built on the Omega platform that is shared with the Cadillac CT6 flagship sedan.

Possible production 
Though the vehicle is a concept, it is widely speculated that Buick will launch a production version as GM has stated that Buick will receive an Omega platform sedan derivative and market conditions, especially in the Chinese market are optimum for such a vehicle.  However, GM has said that they have no plans to build the vehicle, nor ever intended to build it.

In October 2017, Buick made Avenir a premium top-of-the-line sub-brand, similar to GMC’s Denali and Chevrolet’s Signature series. The Buick LaCrosse and Buick Enclave were the first vehicles to receive this upgrade for the 2018 model year.

See also
Buick Avista
Opel Insignia concept

References

External links
Buick's Avenir official detail website

Avenir
Amatasi. Amatasi are a type of Samoan double-hulled watercraft. Its sails were woven pandanus leaves tied to 2 spars. The hull was sometimes built of planks. Lashed together, large double canoes  long could carry 25 men on journeys of hundreds of miles.

See also
List of multihulls
va'a
va'a-tele

References

External links
Amatasi Image at Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts
Modern day model by Francis Pimmel

Watercraft
CFL Class 2300. CFL Class 2300 is a series of electric multiple units of the type Stadler KISS built by Stadler Rail for the Luxembourgish national railway company, CFL.

In 2010, CFL ordered 8 double-decker EMUs for 60 million euros for the Luxembourg – Koblenz line.

From 10 December 2018, CFL started to operate the Class 2300 on a once-a-day service each way between Luxembourg and Düsseldorf Hbf via the West Rhine Railway. Due to its speed, this service is classed as an InterCity (IC) service from Koblenz Hbf to Düsseldorf Hbf.

Gallery

References

External links 
 Series 2300 on rail.lu 

2300
Stadler KISS
25 kV AC multiple units
15 kV AC multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2014
CFL Class 2200. CFL Class 2200 is a series of electric multiple units built by Alstom for CFL. The trains are similar to the French SNCF Class Z 26500.

In 2006, EMU 2207 collided head-on with a freight train in the Zoufftgen train collision, resulting in 6 deaths. Damaged parts of the train were removed and replaced by new sections. This train was renumbered into 2223.

Interior

References

External links 
 Series 2200 on rail.lu 

2200
Train-related introductions in 2004

25 kV AC multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of France
Alstom multiple units
Amatasi 27. Amatasi 27 is a James Wharram designed fishing catamaran. It is inspired by the traditional amatasi vessels of Samoa, and has been described as a "pioneering environmentally friendly fishing boat".

Awards
Amatasi 27 was designed for the 2010 Design Competition in Classic Boat magazine. The brief was for a fishing boat under  that would not need a licence for fishing under sail or oar. Amatasi 27 won first prize.

See also
 List of multihulls

References

External links
Study plans at Wharram designs

Catamarans
Erable. Erable is a computer algebra system (CAS) for a family of Hewlett-Packard graphing scientific calculators of the HP 40, 48 and HP 49/50 series.

History
Originally named ALGB in 1993, it was developed by the French mathematician  for the HP 48SX. Over time, the system integrated a lot of functionality from another math pack for the HP 48 series, ALG48 by Mika Heiskanen and Claude-Nicolas Fiechter. At some point, ALGB was renamed into Erable, a French play-on-words on another CAS named Maple. Compatible with the HP 48S, 48SX, 48G, 48G+, 48GX, Erable became one of the "must-have" software packages to be installed by advanced users of these calculators.

When Hewlett-Packard developed the HP 49G in 1999, the Erable and ALG48 packages became an integral part of the calculator's firmware, now just named HP49 CAS.

As HP CAS it also showed up in the HP 40G, 40gs, 49g+, 48gII and 50g and was maintained by Parisse up to 2006.

Based on his experiences with Erable, Parisse started developing a new and more general CAS system named Xcas / Giac in 2000. It is written in C++ rather than System RPL. This system was integrated into the HP Prime in 2013 under a dual-license scheme.

Versions
The last stable stand-alone version of Erable for the HP 48 series is 3.024 (1998-08-06), with source code as of 1998-07-14 available under the GNU GPL. The latest beta versions for these calculators are 3.117 (1998-10-17) and 3.201 (1999-02-07).

Parts of the CAS system for the HP 49/50 series (version 4) were released as open-source under the LGPL (since some parts of the CAS, which are copyrighted by Hewlett-Packard, remain proprietary software) and were maintained by Parisse up to 2006-02-02 (for firmware 2.14), and 2006-09-19 (for firmware 2.15 (2009-04-21) and 2.16 (2012-04-26)).

See also

 Comparison of computer algebra systems

References

External links
 

Free computer algebra systems
Free mathematics software
Mathematical software
Fogging (insect control). Fogging is a technique used for killing insects that involves using a fine pesticide spray (aerosol) which is directed by a blower. In some cases, a hot vapour may be used to carry the spray and keep it airborne for longer. Fast-acting pesticides like pyrethroids are typically used. This is widely used for sampling or studying insects in the canopy of tall forests which cannot be effectively reached. The floor below the trees are lined with plastic sheets and the fog causes insects to fall in the rain. These are collected for later study in the laboratory.

Fogging is also used for controlling insects in closed spaces like greenhouses, homes and basements.

References

Insect control
Aerosols
John Dixon Gibbs. John Dixon Gibbs (1834–1912) was a British engineer and financier who, together with Lucien Gaulard, is often credited as the co-inventor of the AC step-down transformer. The transformer was first demonstrated in 1883 at London's Royal Aquarium. At the time the term "transformer" had not yet been invented, so instead it was referred to as a "secondary generator". Although he is usually credited equally with Gaulard, Gibb's role in the invention appears to have been more that of a financial backer and businessman.

Although the underlying physics of the transformer, mainly Faraday's law of induction, had been known since the 1830s, transformers became viable only after the introduction of Gaulard and Gibbs's transformer design in 1883. The breakthrough was to build an iron transformer core which could act as a magnetic circuit. At the time, their invention was seen as overcomplicated since it contained a movable armature. It caught the attention of Sir Coutts Lindsay, who used it to power the Grosvenor Gallery, which was one of the first lighting systems in Britain powered by a central generating station. In 1885 Ottó Bláthy, Miksa Déri and Károly Zipernowsky secured a patent on a similar design, using laminated sheets of metal to reduce eddy currents.

Information on an exhibition of Gibbs and Gaulard's transformer in Turin, Italy in 1884 was published in 1885 and caught the attention of George Westinghouse. In the summer of 1885 Westinghouse bought the American rights for Gibbs and Gaulard's design and ordered that several transformers from Gibbs and Gaulard be purchased and shipped to his factory in Pittsburgh. Westinghouse then asked the engineer William Stanley, Jr. to design an electric lighting system using them. Stanley subsequently greatly improved on Gibbs and Gaulard's design and is often credited in their place.

John Dixon Gibbs had his work patented under German patent no. 28947, a patent also recognized in Great Britain. The patent was disputed by Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti. Following patent litigation, Gibbs and Gaulard lost the patent. Gibbs appealed the suit, taking the case all the way to the House of Lords, where he again lost. He was financially ruined in the process.

References

1834 births
1912 deaths
British electrical engineers
Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line. The Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur line via Narkatiaganj and Motihari is a railway line connecting Muzaffarpur in the Indian state of Bihar to Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh. The  line passes through the plains of North Bihar and the Gangetic Plain of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Speed limit

The "Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur line via Motihari"  route is not an A-Class line of Indian Railways. So the maximum speed is restricted to 110 km/h as there is a single BG electrified line between Muzaffarpur Junction and Gorakhpur Junction.

Stations
There are 50 stations between  and .

Future
The foundation stone of doubling of railway line and electrification was laid by the hon'ble Prime Minister Modi on his trip to Motihari on the centenary celebration of the Champaran Satyagrah in 2018.
Modi flags off train, kick-starts track doubling, dedicates loco unit to nation in Bihar.
The doubling work survey for Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line was sanctioned in the Railway Budget of 2012–13.

The East Central Railway zone also applied for the electrification of the following sections to the Ministry of Railways (India) for the Rail Budget 2015–16.
 Darbhanga–Samastipur 
 Samastipur–Raxaul 
 Valmikinagar–Muzaffarpur  
 Mansi (Khagaria)–Katihar

Sidings and workshops

 Kanti Thermal Power Station, Muzaffarpur
 Bharat Wagon Engineering Limited, Muzaffarpur
 Major Freight Terminal at Narayanpur Anant
 IOC Indian oil Petroleum Siding
 Bharat Petroleum Siding, Narayanpur Anant
 FCI Siding at Narayanpur Anant

See also
 Barauni–Samastipur–Muzaffarpur–Hajipur line
 Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur line (via Hajipur, Raxaul and Sitamarhi)
 Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines
 Muzaffarpur–Hajipur section
 Barauni–Samastipur section
 
 
 East Central Railway zone

References

|

5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Main railway lines of India
Railway lines in Bihar

Railway lines in Uttar Pradesh
VSD 2 (trimaran). VSD 2 was a 54ft trimaran designed by Derek Kelsall and built in 1979 for French yachtsman Eugène Riguidel who sailed her in the 1981 TwoSTAR, in which he achieved eighth place.

Dimensions
Load Waterline Length: 
Load Waterline Length: 46 ft

See also
List of multihulls

References

Trimarans
1970s sailing yachts