omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LNWR Newton Class. The LNWR Newton Class was a class of ninety-six  steam locomotives built by the London and North Western Railway at their Crewe Works between 1866 and 1873.

They were officially designated Curved Link 6-ft 6-in Passenger due to the use of a curved link between the fore and back eccentric rods of their Stephenson valve gear and the use of  diameter wheel centres, which, together with  thick tyres gave a driving wheel diameter of .

They were designed by John Ramsbottom who had 76 built, all without cabs and with pierced driving wheel splashers. Ramsbottom's successor F. W. Webb, built twenty more, all with cabs. The earlier locomotives also gained cabs, and all eventually had the splashers filled in.

All were 'renewed' (replaced) by a like number of LNWR Improved Precedent Class between 1887 and 1894.

Fleet list

Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway
In 1873 ten locomotives of the type were built at Crewe for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) and utilised on passenger expresses between Blackpool, Manchester and Yorkshire.  They were given the numbers 456–462 and 731–733.  Most were fitted with replacement boilers about and other standard L&YR parts 1888.  They were then used on Liverpool−Manchester expresses on the new L&YR route.  The more powerful Barton Wright s took over on the more demanding sections to Yorkshire though the Ramsbottom engines were considered faster on light loads.  Most were withdrawn in the period 1895 to 1897 but Nos. 461, 462 and 731 lasted to 1904, 1912 and 1926 respectively.  No. 731 had been used as the Chief Mechanical Engineer's (CME) locomotive since 1886, based at Horwich and attached to a combined bogied tender-saloon vehicle.  It passed back to the LNWR when the L&YR amalgamation of 1922 and into the London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923 at the grouping.  It was scrapped when the LMS CME department moved to Derby.

Preservation 
Even though no locomotive from the Newton class was saved for posterity. The Improved Precedent No. 790 Hardwicke (built 1892, LMS No. 5031, withdrawn 1932) currently sitting at National Railway Museum Shildon still display nameplates indicating 1873 as the year of build.

References 

London and North Western Railway locomotives
2-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1866
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Suberoyl chloride. Suberoyl chloride is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)6(COCl)2. It is the diacid chloride derivative of suberic acid. It is a colorless liquid although aged samples appear yellow or even brown.

Uses
Suberoyl chloride is used as a reagent to synthesize hydroxyferrocifen hybrid compounds that have antiproliferative activity against triple negative breast cancer cells. It is also used as a cross-linking agent to cross-link chitosan membranes, and also improves the membrane's integrity.

References

External links 
 MSDS Safety data (PDF)

Acyl chlorides
DMS-1000. The DMS-1000 was an experimental surface search radar developed by the MIT Radiation Laboratory and produced in limited numbers by Western Electric in late 1942. The first unit was sent to be used by the RAF Coastal Command in a Liberator GR and entered service in January 1943 under the name ASV Mark IV. Seven additional examples were received by June, sent to No. 224 Squadron RAF, where they were used operationally over the Mid-Atlantic Gap. No more were produced and production switched to the similar AN/APS-2 for further deliveries, known in RAF service as ASV Mark V.

References

External links
 

World War II radars
World War II American electronics
LNWR Samson Class. The  LNWR Samson Class was a class of ninety  steam locomotives built by the London and North Western Railway at their Crewe Works between 1863 and 1879.

They were officially designated "Curved Link 6-ft Passenger" due to the use of Stephenson valve gear which included a curved expansion link between the fore and back eccentric rods (earlier LNWR designs had used the Allan valve gear which had a straight expansion link) and the use of  diameter wheel centres, which, together with  thick tyres gave a driving wheel diameter of .

Ostensibly a mixed traffic design, they were the first locomotives with coupled driving wheels to be allocated for passenger duties on the LNWR.

History
They were designed by John Ramsbottom who had fifty built, all without cabs and with pierced driving wheel splashers. Ramsbottom's successor F. W. Webb, built forty more, all with cabs. The earlier locomotives also gained cabs, and all eventually had their splashers filled in.

All ninety locomotives were 'renewed' (replaced) by a like number of Waterloo Class locomotives between 1889 and 1905, but only eighty were scrapped quickly. The ten exceptions were transferred to the Civil Engineer's list, and these were withdrawn between 1914 and 1925. No examples have been preserved.

Fleet list

References 

Samson
2-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1863
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Philippe Bouyer. Philippe Bouyer (born 7 March 1969) is a French physicist and researcher, professor at the University of Amsterdam and the Technical University of Eindhoven currently serving as the Chairman of the Board of the Dutch Quantum Initiative, Quantum Delta NL. He co-founded Muquans, acquired lately by Exail, a company specializing in quantum technology-based gravimeters.

From 2011 to 2022, Bouyer was the founding director of the Laboratory for Photonics, Numerics, and Nano-sciences (LP2N) in Talence, France. He also served as deputy director of the Institut d'Optique Graduate School from 2017 to 2022. Since 2019, he has been the Editor-in-Chief of AVS Quantum Science, a journal published by AIP Publishing in partnership with the American Vacuum Society.

Bouyer is a graduate of the Institut d'Optique Graduate School, and he obtained his PhD in 1994 from the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel at the École Normale Supérieure. After joining the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), his research concentrated on ultracold atoms, atom lasers, and Anderson localization. His current research interests include matter-wave interferometry for testing general relativity in microgravity conditions and the detection of gravitational waves.

In 2012, Bouyer received the Louis D. Award from the Institut de France for his scientific contributions. He is also a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and a senior member of the Optical Society of America (OSA).

References 

1969 births
Living people
21st-century French physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Construction and renovation fires. Construction and renovation are common circumstances for fires, which present particular difficulties to firefighters.

During construction, buildings often do not have elements that would protect them from fire, such as walls and sprinkler systems. Poor water supplies and the accumulation of flammable materials also present risks. Works often require heat or even open flame, and these can set off fires that smoulder for hours before being noticed. For this reason, work sites may need 24-hour fire watches.

Builder's risk insurance may cover damage from such fires.

Table

See also
List of building or structure fires

References

External links

fires
Types of fire
Building and structure fires
Building and structure fires during construction or renovation
Tellurium copper. Tellurium copper is an alloy of copper and tellurium. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper.

Overview
Tellurium is usually added to copper to improve machinability ("free cutting"). ASTM specification B301 has 0.5% tellurium; at concentrations of up to 0.75% machinability is improved while electrical conductivity and hot working behavior is maintained. Mechanical properties are similar to tough pitch copper, while machinability is similar to brass - the hardness of the alloy is increased by precipitation of the copper telluride: weissite.

Tellurium copper is not suited to welding, but it can be welded with gas shielded arc welding or resistance welding. It can be readily soft soldered, silver soldered, or brazed.

Tellurium copper can be used as the electrode in electrical discharge machining (EDM) - the alloy is used to replace copper when grinding wheel loading occurs during fine finishing of the electrode - the alloy retains the properties of copper in the EDM process.

Phase diagram
Copper forms tellurides. These include Cu4Te, Cu2Te (m.p. 1125 °C), and CuTe. A eutectic forms at 71% (mol) Te, (m.p. 340 °C). Between 4.3 and 30% (mol) Te there is stratification between Cu and Cu2Te.

References

Further reading

Tellurium
Copper alloys
Atomera. Atomera Incorporated is a materials engineering company based in Los Gatos, California engaged in the development, commercialization and licensing of processes and technologies for the semiconductor industry. Atomera's research and development activities are focused on the development of Mears Silicon Technology (MST), a novel approach to the fabrication of semiconductor materials. MST is a scalable, high-performance, energy-efficient process technology that can be used to improve the performance, power and cost of semiconductor devices.  The technology has been successfully demonstrated on consumer and industrial devices, and is currently being commercialized.

History 
Atomera was founded by Robert J. Mears in 2001 and is headquartered in Los Gatos, California. It was formerly known as Mears Technologies, Inc. and changed its name to Atomera Incorporated in January 2016. It is traded on NASDAQ as ATOM.

A master R&D service agreement was signed in 2017 between Atomera and TSI Semiconductors. Under this agreement with TSI, Atomera could shorten fab cycle times and accelerate to market timelines.

Technology

Mears Silicon Technology 
Atomera used atomic level material science to develop a material called Mears Silicon Technology (MST) in response to the slowdown in the advancement of Moore's law. MST is a thin film of typically 100 to 300 angstroms (or approximately 20 to 60 silicon atomic unit cells) thick which is a reengineered silicon. In 2018, Atomera Licensed MST Technology to Asahi Kasei Microdevices and STMicroelectronics.

Mears Silicon Technology Smart Profile (MST-SP) 
In November 2021, Atomera unveiled a "proprietary technology design to improve the performance of 5V analog transistors by reducing channel on-resistance.”

See also 

 Materials science

External links 

 Official site

References 

Semiconductor companies of the United States
DGRCN Tonatiuh MX-1. The Tonatiuh MX-1 was a lightweight, high-wing monoplane built by the Secretariat of the Navy of Mexico in collaboration with the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (National Polytechnic Institute).

Design and development 
The project began in 1977 when a group of engineers from the IPN reconstructed a Piper PA-18, after several discussions it was decided that it was better to design an own aircraft which was initially called Project CIAAC 7701. The design and calculation works were done under the name of TONATIUH Project in the offices of the General Directorate of Repairs and Naval Construction. Engineer César Trujillo was appointed by the Secretariat of the Navy to advice on the construction of the first prototype, beginning work in 1978 at the Aeronaval Station of the Mexico City International Airport.

The Tonatiuh MX-1 bases its design almost entirely on the Bárcenas B-01 agricultural aircraft, since it shares components and design such as the wing profile, beams, ribs and tensioners with this aircraft. The wing section was designed for the needs of the Tonatiuh and many of the metal components were manufactured by the company CUPRUM, who also made components for the Bárcenas B-01.

The first prototype was ready in April 1980 and once it was built, it was disarmed and sent to the Veracruz Air Base, where it was rebuilt and prepared for its first flight. During the first flight tests there were problems with the tail skate and the control surfaces of the rudder and the ailerons, so all these systems were redesigned, all in order to start their first flight on June 1, 1980, on the day of the Navy. On his first flight, he made low-altitude maneuvers near the Malecón de Veracruz, in conjunction with the Tonatiuh, other Bonanza and Albatross aircraft performed acrobatics in the sea and near many ships.

The development of the plane cost only 2 million pesos in the late 70's (about $80,700 at that time, about $290,000 today), which is said to have been a success because developing a light aircraft with similar characteristics in the United States would have cost 21 times more, in addition they had to create in Mexico the necessary tools for its construction. The Tonatiuh MX-1 was also 35% cheaper than its foreign competitor, the Piper PA-18.

In 1982 the Navy of Mexico acquired six of the eight manufactured aircraft, which remained in service until 2006, using them as a training, observation and reconnaissance aircraft.

Specifications

References 

Mexican military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Mexico
SIGTOT. SIGTOT was a one-time tape machine for encrypting teleprinter communication that was used by the United States during World War II and after for the most sensitive message traffic. It was developed after security flaws were discovered in an earlier rotor machine for the same purpose, called SIGCUM. SIGTOT was designed by Leo Rosen and used the same Bell Telephone 132B2 mixer as SIGCUM. The British developed a similar machine called the 5-UCO. Later an improved mixer, the SSM-33, replaced the 131B2.

The phenomenon, codenamed TEMPEST, of sensitive information leaking by way of unintended electromagnetic radiation for the circuits used inside encryption machine was first discovered coming from the 131B2 mixers used in SIGTOT.

SIGTOT required large amounts of key tape to operate on a continual basis, which was needed for traffic flow security. In 1955, NSA produced some 1,660,000 rolls of one time tape. The logistical problems involved in the generation, supply and destruction of sufficient quantities of key tape limited its use to only the most sensitive traffic. In the 1950s. the U.S. Army Security Agency began developing a replacement, an effort later taken over by the newly formed National Security Agency and resulting in the fielding of the KW-26 (ROMULUS) system.

References

History of cryptography
Encryption devices
Waves for Water. Waves for Water is a 2017 documentary film produced and directed by Maximilian Haidbauer.

The film is about Jon Rose, a former professional surfer who created the organization Waves for Water to bring clean drinking water to Third World populations.

Synopsis
“Waves for Water is a non-profit group that creates access to clean water worldwide.  The 60-minute documentary follows Rose to Haiti, the Philippines and Brazil.

The film includes interviews with Rose and his collaborators. It shows how Waves for Water grew from a surf trip to Sumatra to an international NGO with brand partners including PayPal and BMW. .

Cast 
 Jon Rose
 Rosario Dawson
 Patricia Arquette 
 Bob Hurley
 Neymar JR
 Guga Ketzer
 Jack Rose
 Jordan Tappis
 William Gardner

References

External links

Waves For Water Trailer in YouTube
Waves For Water Documentary on Red Bull TV

American documentary films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
English-language documentary films
4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine is an organic compound with the formula H2NCH(CH2CMe2)2NH (where Me = CH3).  Classified as a diamine, it is a colorless oily liquid.

The compound is an intermediate in the preparation of Bobbitt's salt, an oxidant used in organic synthesis.  It is prepared by the reductive amination of the corresponding ketone:

OC(CH2CMe2)2NH  +  NH3  +  H2  →   H2NCH(CH2CMe2)2NH  +   H2O

Compound Properties

Boiling point is 188.5 °C 
Melting point  is 17 °C.  
Density is 0.8966 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C

Toxicity
A study by Truda et al, has reported the median lethal dose LD(50) as 906mg/kg in rats. 
.

References

Related compounds
Pempidine
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine

Further reading 
    
 
   
 

Piperidines
Diamines
Hoima–Kinyara–Kafu High Voltage Power Line. The Hoima–Kinyara–Kafu High Voltage Power Line is a planned high voltage electricity power line, connecting the high voltage substation at Kabaale, Buseruka sub-county, Hoima District, in the Western Region of Uganda to another high voltage substation at Kafu, Nakasongola District, in the  Central Region of Uganda. On the way, the power line passes through Kinyara Sugar Works, in Masindi District.

Location 
The power line starts in the village of Kabaale, Buseruka sub-county, Hoima District, in the Western Region of Uganda, at a 220kV substation there. The power line would travel in a general north-easterly direction to the Kinyara Sugar Works, in Masindi District, through another 220kV substation there, and continue on to terminate at Kafu, in Nakasongola District, at a 220kV substation that is connected to the Karuma–Kawanda High Voltage Power Line, a total distance of .

Overview 
This power line is intended to increase and strengthen the supply of grid electricity to the Western Region of Uganda. The four main objectives are as follows:

The first objective is to connect the region to the 600 megawatts Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station through the connection at Kafu.

The second objective is to pick up co-generation at Kinyara Sugar Works, where energy production is expected to be stepped up from 14 megawatts to 45 megawatts.

The third objective is to pick up any power from the Hoima oil fields, including the proposed 100 megawatts natural gas-fired Nzizi Thermal Power Station. 

The fourth objective is to bring power to the Hoima Metropolis including the Uganda Oil Refinery, the Kabaale International Airport, the city of Hoima and the Ugandan end of the East African Crude Oil Pipeline. At its southern end, in Hoima District, this transmission line will connect to the existing , 220kV Nkenda–Fort Portal–Hoima High Voltage Power Line, which was completed in 2018.

Construction
As of 2018, this power line was marked as "Under Procurement". Funding is expected through a loan from the International Development Association, a member of the World Bank Group.

See also 
 Eastern Africa Power Pool
 Energy in Uganda

References

External links 
 Website of Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited  

High-voltage transmission lines in Uganda
Energy in Uganda
Proposed electric power transmission systems
Proposed electric power infrastructure in Uganda
CIM Schema. CIM Schema is a computer specification, part of Common Information Model standard, and created by the Distributed Management Task Force.

It is a conceptual diagram made of classes, attributes, relations between these classes and inheritances, defined in the world of software and hardware. This set of objects and their relations is a conceptual framework for describing computer elements and organizing  information about the managed environment.

This schema is the basis of other DMTF standards such as WBEM, SMASH or SMI-S for storage management.

Extensibility
The CIM schema is object-based and extensible, allowing manufacturers to represent their equipment using the elements defined in the core classes of CIM schema. For this, manufacturers provide software extensions called providers, which supplement existing classes by deriving them and adding new attributes.

Examples of common core classes
 CIM_ComputerSystem for a computer host
 CIM_DataFile: Computer file
 CIM_Directory: Files directory
 CIM_DiskPartition: disk partition
 CIM_FIFOPipeFile: Named pipes
 CIM_OperatingSystem: Operating system
 CIM_Process: Computer process
 CIM_SqlTable: Database table
 CIM_SqlTrigger: Database trigger

References

DMTF standards
Open standards
Computer standards
Bosque (programming language). Bosque is a free and open-source programming language designed & developed by Microsoft that was inspired by the syntax and types of TypeScript and the semantics of ML and Node/JavaScript. Design goals for the language include better software quality and improved developer productivity.

Overview
Bosque was designed by Microsoft Research computer scientist Mark Marron, who describes the language as an effort to move beyond the structured programming model that became popular in the 1970s.

The structured programming paradigm, in which flow control is managed with loops, conditionals, and subroutines, became popular after a 1968 paper titled "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" by computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra. Marron believes we can do better by getting rid of sources of complexity like loops, mutable state, and reference equality. The result is Bosque, which represents a programming paradigm that Marron, in a paper he wrote, calls "regularized programming."

The Bosque specification, parser, type checker, reference interpreter, and IDE support are licensed under MIT License and available on GitHub.

Examples

Add two numbers

function add2(x: Int, y: Int): Int {
    return x + y;
}

add2(2, 3)     // 5
add2(x=2, y=3) // 5
add2(y=2, 5)   // 7

See also

Dafny
F* (programming language)
Free software movement

References

Further reading

External links
Bosque Programming Language - Microsoft Research
GitHub - microsoft/BosqueLanguage: The Bosque programming language is an experiment in regularized design for a machine assisted rapid and reliable software development lifecycle.

Microsoft free software
Microsoft programming languages
Microsoft Research
Programming languages created in 2019
Software using the MIT license
2019 software