omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
1982 London-Paris ultralight race. The 1982 London-Paris ultralight race was a competition for ultralight aircraft and microlight aircraft to fly between London, England and Paris, France, across the English Channel. It was the pivotal event in the European ultralight/microlight aircraft movement that brought ultralight/microlight aviation in Europe into serious public recognition.

History and development

Prehistory
In 1909, a competition for the first airplane to cross the English Channel resulted in victory for Louis Bleriot in his small Bleriot XI monoplane, flying from the French coast to the English coast - one of the most historic flights in aviation history (along with 1903 "first flight" of the Wright Brothers, and the 1927 transatlantic flight of Charles Lindbergh), and a pivotal event for the early development of airplanes.

Development
In 1982, during the rise of the ultralight airplane movement, a race was held to repeat the event - though going the opposite direction, and farther: flying from London, England to Paris, France - crossing the English Channel in the process.

The race was organized by New York-based Fenwick Aviation (which planned a similar event for the autumn of 1983, between New York and Washington, D.C.).

Besides speed, the rules of the race were structured to reward precise navigation and landing, and minimal fuel consumption.

Event and outcomes

Race
There were 76 entrants (68 of whom departed from Biggin Hill Aerodrome, near London. At Lydd, England, near the Channel, 66 landed for refueling.  Of those, 64 departed Lydd.  Finally, 61 landed at Le Toquet, and 59 flew all the way to Pontoise, a few miles from the race end in downtown Paris.

Nearly all of the pilots had never flown over the Channel before. However, despite the risk of overwater flights in early ultralights, none of the aircraft fell into the sea during the Channel crossing, and there were no injuries.

Victors
 Three-axis-control aircraft:  Jacques Antoine Breuvart (Vector 610)
 Weight-shift-control aircraft:  Francois Thovex (Daniss Sabre 23)

Other notables
Nine Huntair Pathfinder I airplanes participated in the 1982 London-Paris. All of them finished, seven of them finishing in the first ten places. Further, a Pathfinder (pilot: Gerry Breen) was joint winner of the speed award.

A small number of Butterfly II motorized ultralight gliders, built by SABENA, and sponsored by R.T.B.F.  (Belgian national radio & television), participated in the race. RTBF reporter René Thierry piloted the aircraft to second place in its category.

Impact
The event generated intense media interest, initially portraying the flight as a replay of the comic movie Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines, but gradually responding to the general success and safety of the flights. Industry historians note it as the point at which Europe's ultralight/microlight movement gained substantial respect and attention.

References

Air races
Air sports in France
Air sports in the United Kingdom
Ultralight aircraft
Aviation in France
2020 Summer Olympics cauldron. The 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron was made for the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Design
The cauldron was designed by Canadian-Japanese designer Oki Sato, who attended Waseda University, the same university as Yoshinori Sakai, the cauldron-lighter in 1964. It initially took the form of a sphere; its panels then "bloomed" to accept the torch, and was lit by tennis player Naomi Osaka in the Olympics opening ceremony, and by Yui Kamiji, Karin Morisaki and Shunsuke Uchida in the Paralympics opening ceremony. Sato explained that the design "expresses not only the sun itself, but also the energy and vitality that can be obtained from it, such as plants sprouting, flowers blooming, and hands opening wide toward the sky." The steps to reach the cauldron, symbolising Mount Fuji, were "designed to evoke the image of a blooming sakura flower."

Similarly to 2010 and 2016, one instance of the cauldron was present inside Japan National Stadium during the opening and closing ceremonies, and a permanent, public cauldron was lit outside of the stadium by badminton player Ayaka Takahashi at Tokyo's new waterfront on Ariake West Canal.

The cauldron's flame was the first at the Olympics to burn hydrogen as a fuel. The hydrogen was produced via the electrolysis of water using solar power produced at a plant in the Fukushima Prefecture. Hydrogen produced by this process is known as green hydrogen. The hydrogen burns with an invisible, colourless flame unlike propane, which has is traditionally used as a fuel in previous Olympic flames. In order to create a yellow and visible flame, sodium carbonate is sprayed.

References

2021 establishments in Japan
Cauldron
Cauldron
Olympic cauldron
Outdoor sculptures in Tokyo
Sculptures in Japan
William W. Ker. The William W. Ker was a 19th-century Pennsylvania pilot schooner built in 1889 in Wilmington, Delaware. She was designed by Edward Burgess for the Pennsylvania pilots and was built for speed. She was a favorite with the pilots and was considered the fastest pilot boat on the coast. The Ker was hit and sank by a steamer off the Five Fathom Bank in 1900.

Construction and service 

The two-masted pilot schooner W. W. Ker was launched on November 27, 1889, from the Jackson & Sharp Company at Wilmington, Delaware for the Pennsylvania pilots. She was designed by Edward Burgess and took the place of the Enoch Turley, which was lost with all on board in the April 6, 1889 storm.

The W. W. Ker was named in honor of the Assistant District Attorney of Philadelphia Captain William W. Ker.

Pilot James R. Kelley from the Turley was present at the launch. A bottle of champagne was broken on her bow by Mary Conner, a granddaughter of pilot George H. Conner. As she broke the bottle she said: "I christen thee W. W. Ker." The vessel's dimensions were 88 ft. in length; 22 ft. breadth of beam; 9 ft. depth of hold; 72 ft. mainmast and 64 ft. foremast. She was built for speed.

By August 1893, the Committee on Navigation and Pilots of the Board of Port Wardens recognized only four pilot boats for the Port of Philadelphia, the E. C. Knight, John G. Whilldin, W. W. Ker and J. Henry Edmunds.

On 19 Mar 1897, the William W. Ker and the John G. Whilldin cruised near the  Fenwick Island Light vessel, waiting to board ships coming from the Caribbean. She was a favorite with the pilots and was considered the fastest pilot boat on the coast.

End of service

On February 18, 1898, due to the introduction of steam service at the Delaware Breakwater, the schooner William W. Ker was bought from the Philadelphia pilots to Captain Redman for mackerel fishing. The Ker would often fish on the banks off Cape Henlopen.

On June 27, 1900, she was hit and sank by a steamer off the Five Fathom Bank by one of the old Dominion Line, the Hamilton steamers bound from New York to Norfolk, Virginia. Captain Redmond of New York was in command of the Ker when she went down. Sixteen men were rescued and taken to Norfolk.

See also
List of Pennsylvania Pilot boats
Pilots' Association For The Bay & River Delaware

External links
 Lewes Historical Society

References 

 

   

Individual sailing vessels
Service vessels of the United States
Schooners of the United States
Ships built in Wilmington, Delaware
1889 ships
Pilot boats
Pierre-Louis-Georges du Buat. Count Pierre-Louis-George du Buat (23 April 1734 – 17 October 1809) was a French military engineer who worked on problems in hydraulics and hydrodynamics. He examined the flow of water and came up with a mathematical formulation defining the rate of flow of water through pipes which he published in Principes d’hydraulique, vérifiés par un grand nombre d’expériences faites par ordre du gouvernement.

Early life and engineering
Du Buat came from a noble family and was born in a manor at Buttenval, Tortisambert in Normandy. He was educated at the Royal School of Engineering in Mézières in 1750 and became a military engineer at the age of 17. He began his first work in the construction of canals of the Lys and the Aa. He became a chief engineer in 1773.

Water velocity studies
In 1786 he established through experiments a relationship between the velocity of flow of water through a pipe of a known radius and inclination which he extended then to flow in open canals. 

u is the average water velocity,
g is the acceleration of gravity,
m is a coefficient depending on the roughness of the banks,
i is the slope of the channel bottom,
l is the width of the bed,
h the depth of the channel.
Du Buat also studied the dependence of viscosity of liquids on temperature.

Personal life and business career
Du Buat married the daughter of Gérard Bosquet in 1758 which made him a shareholder of the Compagnie des mines d'Anzin. He left the corps of engineers in 1788 and became a director of the company in 1802.

References

External links 
 Principes d'hydraulique (1786)

1734 births
1809 deaths
Hydraulic engineers
French engineers
Stonebridge Park power station. Stonebridge Park power station was a private supply electricity generating station in Wembley north west London. It supplied direct current electricity to the adjacent Euston to Watford electric railway lines from 1914 to 1967.

History 
Stonebridge Park power station was built in 1913–14 by the London and North Western Railway to supply current to the Euston to Watford DC electric railway, then under construction through the conversion of the suburban lines. It was subsequently owned and operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (1923–47), and from nationalisation in 1948 by the London Midland Region of the British Transport Commission, then by British Railways (1963–67).

Stonebridge Park power station closed in 1967. Electricity was then taken from the National Grid.

Equipment specification 
As originally built in 1913–14 the plant comprised 20 Babcock and Wilcox water-tube boilers feeding steam to five turbine-driven 3-phase alternators. The turbines were made by British Westinghouse and the alternators by Siemen Brothers. The total full load capacity was 25 MW; electricity was generated at 11 kV, 25 Hz. Condenser cooling was undertaken in one concrete and eight wooden cooling towers, their cooling capacity was 3.5 million gallons per hour (0.442 m3/s). Make-up water was obtained from 500 ft (152 m) deep artesian wells, there was also a water storage and cooling pond. Coal was delivered via a siding off the adjacent railway. The station had two chimneys.

Trackside equipment comprised a number of sub-stations; each consisting of three six-phase rotary converters and nine single-phase static transformers, all manufactured by British Thomson-Houston. The conductor rails were positive on the outside of the track with a negative centre rail. In 1935 the electricity supply was converted to 50 Hz.

In 1946 Stonebridge Park power station generated 85,330 MWh. The maximum load sent out was 22.5 MW, the load factor was 43.3 per cent, and the thermal efficiency was 16.68 per cent.

By 1957 the power station had five chain grate boilers with a total evaporative capacity of 315,000 lb/hr (40.0 kg/s). The boilers supplied steam to 1 x 20 MW, 1 x 18 MW and a 1 x 0.2 MW generating sets. The maximum load was 27 MW. Stonebridge Park power station was connected to Acton Lane power station by a 22 kV circuit to allow transfer of current between the stations.

See also 

 List of power stations in England
 Acton Lane power station
 Neasden power station

External links 

 Historical image of the power plant

References 

Demolished power stations in the United Kingdom
Coal-fired power stations in England
Former power stations in London
Kabu 16 Hydroelectric Power Station. Kabu 16 Hydroelectric Power Station is a  hydroelectric power station in Burundi. It was developed by the government of Burundi, with funding from the Exim Bank of India. Construction began in March 2019 and was completed in October 2024. It was formerly opened on October 25, 2024.

Location
The power station is located across the Kaburantwa River, a tributary of the Ruzizi River. The power station is approximately  upstream of where  the two rivers merge.

This location is in Cibitoke Province, in the northwest of the country, approximately , southeast of the town of Cibitoke, the provincial capital.

Overview
The engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract was awarded to Angelique International Limited of India. The development involves the construction of a concrete and rock-fill dam, with a hydraulic head (water drop) of .
WAPCOS Ltd. (A Govt. of India Undertaking) is Project Management Consultant for Kabu-16 HEP and monitored the project for good quality and timely completion.
Two vertical Francis turbines, each rated at 10 megawatts were supplied by Voith, the German industrial machinery manufacturer. Other infrastructure installed include the construction of staff housing for the construction workers, an electric switchyard, electricity transmission lines and access roads to the site.

Funding
The power station was funded by the Government of India, with money borrowed from the Export-Import Bank of India.

Operations and benefits
The power station was handed over to REGIDESO, the Burundian state-owned electric utility monopoly company, responsible for generation, transmission and distribution; and who will be operating it.

The power station supplies 177.7GWh of green energy into the Burundi grid, increasing available power for national economic expansion and job creation.

See also

List of power stations in Burundi

References

External links
 Approximate Location of Kabu 16 Hydroelectric Power Station
 Voith supplies water to wire solution for small hydropower plant in Burundi As of 18 June 2019.

Power stations in Burundi
Cibitoke Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Burundi
Dams under construction
Buildings and structures in Burundi
Deng Zongquan. Deng Zongquan (born 2 October 1956) is a Chinese scientist who is a professor at Harbin Institute of Technology. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).

Biography 
Deng was born in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang, on 2 October 1956. After graduating from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1984, he stayed at the university and worked as instructor, director of the Department of Mechanical Engineering (1993–1998), dean of the College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (1998–2004), and vice president of the university (2004–2016). In September 2017, he was appointed director of the National Defense Key Laboratory of Aerospace Institutions and Control.  On 6 December 2017, he became a member of the Standing Committee of the 14th Central Committee of China Association for Promoting Democracy.

Contributions
Deng is one of the earliest scientists engaged in lunar rover research in China, and participated in the development of "Chang'e-2" and "Chang'e-3". He has made great contributions to the institutional innovation and application of China's lunar exploration project, deep space exploration, large space folding mechanism and model weapons.

Honours and awards 
 1999 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class) for research and application of in pipe mobile robot technology
 2011 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class) for key technologies of lunar rover mobile system
 2014 State Technological Invention Award (Second Class) for key technologies of spatial unfolding and locking mechanism
 November 27, 2017 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References 

1956 births
Living people
People from Baoqing County
Scientists from Heilongjiang
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Harbin Institute of Technology
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Feng Yufang. Feng Yufang (born 29 January 1963) is a Chinese engineer, a major general (shaojiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography 
Feng was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang, on 29 January 1963. After graduating from Yuyao High School in 1979, he was admitted to National University of Defense Technology, where he majored in the Department of Applied Physics. He joined the Communist Party in September 1985. After university in 1987, he enlisted in the People's Liberation Army and was despatched to the Fourth Research Institute of the Second Artillery Corps. In December 2003, he moved to the Second Research Institute of the Second Artillery Equipment Research Institute, where he was promoted to its director in December 2013. He attained the rank of major general (shaojiang) in July 2006. In 2007, he was transferred to the Warhead and Warhead Technical Professional Group of the People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department and appointed group leader. In January 2016, he joined the newly founded People's Liberation Army Rocket Force Research Institute. In March 2018, he became a member of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Honours and awards 
 1999 State Science and Technology Progress Award for study on the influence of nuclear power
 2004 State Science and Technology Progress Award for comprehensive evaluation system of warhead defense effect
 2006 State Science and Technology Progress Award for development demonstration and evaluation of strategic warhead equipment
 2008 State Science and Technology Progress Award for cruise missile weapon system
 2009 State Science and Technology Progress Award for conventional missile multi warhead equipment technology
 2011 State Technological Invention Award for the key technologies and methods to improve the detonation accuracy of nuclear warhead fuze
 November 27, 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References 

1963 births
Living people
People from Yuyao
Engineers from Zhejiang
National University of Defense Technology alumni
People's Liberation Army generals from Zhejiang
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Ihor Oleksiyenko. Ihor Mykhailovych Oleksiyenko (November 27, 1946 Lukyanivka, Kyiv - August 9, 2007, Kyiv) was
a Ukrainian engineer, gunsmith and inventor, a native of Kyiv.

He was chief designer of the design bureau of special equipment.

Biography 

A native of Kyiv, he was born in 1946 in Lukyanivka. He graduated from the Kharkiv Military Artillery School and became a specialist in small arms. He served in the army, then worked for 15 years as a pyrotechnician at the Dovzhenko Film Studio. Later he worked in the KB of special equipment. The last place of work is the general designer of special equipment and thermal machines at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Oleksiyenko invented and developed pistols, submachine guns, submachine guns ("Elf", "Dwarf", "Goblin"). The developments are known because all of Oleksiyenko's weapons do not have recoil. It is believed that before making a hook or sight, he studied in detail all the world's counterparts. He did not want to be accused of plagiarism.
He was married three times. From the first two marriages three daughters were born, in the third marriage he adopted two boys. In recent years he lived alone.

For the last six months before his death, he often watched the film "Winter Evening in Gagra". He told his relatives that he would die, like the protagonist, alone, that nobody needed him.

The president of the German company Schmeisser, Werner Resch, said in an interview a few years before his death that “only two ingenious small arms designers were born in the last century. One of them, Hugo Schmeisser, died a long time ago. The second is Ukrainian designer Ihor Oleksiyenko".

He is buried in Lukyanov Cemetery.

See also 
 Hugo Schmeisser
 Mikhail Kalashnikov

References

Sources 
 Ігоря Олексієнка порівнювали з Ґуґо Шмайссером
 Из нашего пистолета-пулемета можно прострелить броню!
 Профессиональный киллер стрелял в редактора одесской «вечерки» бориса деревянко из уникального оружия, изготовленного в подпольной мастерской, до сих пор не обнаруженной
 «новый украинский пистолет-пулемет не боится ни песка, ни пыли» // Факти, 12 грудня 2006
 Рассказ женщины мужчинам об оружии

External links 
 Олексієнко Ігор Михайлович — database of patents of Ukraine

1946 births
2007 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian engineers
Ukrainian inventors
Delia Oppo. Delia Wanda Oppo is an American scientist who works on paleoceanography where she focuses on past variations in water circulation and the subsequent impact on Earth's climate system. She was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2014.

Education and career
Oppo has a B.S. from the State University of New York at Albany (1981). She earned her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1989 where she worked on changes in thermohaline circulation. Following her Ph.D she started at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a postdoctoral scientist working with William Curry. As of 2006, she is a senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

In 2014, Oppo was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union who cited her "for her contributions toward understanding the causes of Earth’s climate variability and its link to ocean circulation and the hydrological cycle".

Research 
Oppo's research tracks past changes in ocean circulation, and the resulting impact of these changes on regional climate. Her research uses stable isotopes of carbon which are captured in the shells of foraminifera. In the Atlantic Ocean, her research has examined changes in deep and intermediate water circulation, and climate variability in the North Atlantic. Her research has revealed a weakening of the Gulf Stream, which may impact weather patterns in the United States and Europe. She has also investigated abrupt climate events in the past  and changes in the heat content of the ocean over the past 10,000 years, research which shows that the ocean is warming faster than in the past.

Selected publications

Awards and honors 
Emiliani lecture, American Geophysical Union (2009)
Fellow, American Geophysical Union (2014)

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
Columbia University alumni
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Women oceanographers
Place of birth missing (living people)
American oceanographers
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
INS Nitzachon. INS Nitzachon is a  of the Israeli Navy's Shayetet 3 Flotilla. She is the fourth ship of her class.

Development and design 

The Sa'ar 6-class corvettes' design will be loosely based on the German , but with engineering changes to accommodate Israeli-built sensors and missiles such as the Barak 8 and the naval Iron Dome system. Elbit Systems has been awarded the contract to design and build the electronic warfare (EW) suites for the ships.

The Sa'ar 6-class vessels have a displacement of almost 1,900 tons at full load and is  long. They are armed with an Oto Melara 76 mm main gun, two Typhoon Weapon Stations, 32 vertical launch cells for Barak-8 surface-to-air missiles, 40 cells for the C-Dome point defense system, 16 anti-ship missiles Gabriel V, the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR AESA radar, and two  torpedo launchers. They have hangar space and a platform able to accommodate a medium class SH-60-type helicopter.

Construction and career 
She was launched at German Naval Yards and ThyssenKrupp in Kiel. She will be expected to be commissioned over to Israeli Navy in November 2021.  The ship was delivered to the Israeli Navy in August 2021 and is to be fitted with Israeli weapons and radar in Israel. Her maiden voyage from Kiel to Haifa took 12 days and being the last ship of its class to arrive, she was joined aboard by the Navy’s top officers for the final leg arriving into Haifa on the morning of the 30th of August 2021 in parade formation joined by most of the Israeli Navy’s fleet.

Gallery

References

2019 ships
Sa'ar 6-class corvettes