omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
John W. Miles. John Wilder Miles (December 1, 1920 – October 20, 2008) was a research professor emeritus of applied mechanics and geophysics at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. He was well regarded for his pioneering work in theoretical fluid mechanics, and made fundamental contributions to understanding how wind energy transfers to waves.

Career
The first 20 years of Miles' research was devoted to electrical and aeronautical engineering. He turned his mathematical abilities to geophysical fluid dynamics when he joined Scripps, and made numerous contributions to many aspects of fluid dynamics, including supersonic flow, ocean tides, the stability of currents and water waves and their nonlinear interactions, as well as extensive work in the application of mathematical methods.

Throughout his career, he wrote more than 400 publications. He has the unique distinction of being one of the few fluid mechanics researchers to have published more than hundred scientific research articles (117) in Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

A postdoctoral fellowship has been established in his honor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Selected publications

References

External links
 
John Miles Papers MSS 453. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
 

1920 births
2008 deaths
American fluid dynamicists
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, San Diego faculty
Drawbar pull. In automotive engineering, drawbar pull is the amount of horizontal force available to a vehicle at the drawbar for accelerating or pulling a load.

Drawbar pull is a function of velocity, and in general decreases as the speed of the vehicle increases (due both to increasing resistance and decreasing transmission gear ratios).  Drawbar pull is the difference between tractive effort available and tractive effort required to overcome resistance at a specified speed.

Drawbar pull data for a vehicle is usually determined by measuring the amount of available tractive force using a dynamometer, and then combining that data with coastdown data to obtain the available drawbar pull force at each speed.

References

Automotive engineering
Varig Flight 967. Varig Flight 967 was an international cargo flight from Narita International Airport in Japan to Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport in Brazil, with a stopover at Los Angeles International Airport in the United States. On 30 January 1979, the Boeing 707-323C serving the flight disappeared while en route. Neither the aircraft or its six crew members have ever been found.

Background

Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 707-323C, construction number 19235, line number 519, delivered new to American Airlines and registered N7562A on 31 August 1966. The aircraft was operated under its cargo subsidiary before being sold to Varig Cargo on 28 March 1974 and re-registered as PP-VLU. The jet was powered by four Pratt & Whitney JT3D-3B engines.

Flight crew
The flight crew consisted of Captain Gilberto Araújo da Silva, 55, First Officer Erni Peixoto Mylius, 45, Second Officers Antonio Brasileiro da Silva Neto, 39, Evan Braga Saunders, 37, and Flight Engineers José Severino Gusmão de Araújo, 42, and Nicola Exposito, 40. 

In 1973, Captain Araújo da Silva was the Captain of Varig Flight 820, a Boeing 707 carrying 134 people that crashed before it was due to land at Orly Airport in Paris, with the loss of 123 passengers and crew. In 1979, at the time of disappearance, he had more than 23,000 hours logged.

Disappearance
On 30 January 1979, PP-VLU disappeared en route from Narita International Airport to Los Angeles International Airport while operating as Varig flight 967. Its ultimate destination was Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport.

The flight took off at 20:23 from Narita International Airport. The last radio contact with the flight was at 20:45. The flight crew were expected to radio at 21:23, but they did not do so. Radio contact was lost about  ENE of Tokyo.

The cargo included 53 paintings by Manabu Mabe returning from an exhibition in Tokyo, valued at US$1.24 million. The wreckage, paintings, and bodies of the crew were never found.

See also

 List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
 List of missing aircraft

Similar incidents
 1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 (DST) disappearance
 1951 Canadian Pacific Air Lines Douglas DC-4 disappearance
 1953 Skyways Avro York disappearance
 1990 Faucett Perú Boeing 727 disappearance
 2003 Angola Boeing 727 disappearance
 BSAA Star Ariel disappearance
 BSAA Star Tiger disappearance
 Flying Tiger Line Flight 739
 Hawaii Clipper
 Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
Flight 19

References

Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 707
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979
967
Missing aircraft
Aviation accidents and incidents in Japan
1979 in Japan
January 1979 events in Japan
Parametron. The parametron is a logic circuit element invented by Eiichi Goto in 1954. The parametron is essentially a resonant circuit with a nonlinear reactive element which oscillates at half the driving frequency. The oscillation can be made to represent a binary digit by the choice between two stationary phases π radians (180 degrees) apart.

Parametrons were used in early Japanese computers from 1954 through the early 1960s. A prototype parametron-based computer, the PC-1, was built at the University of Tokyo in 1958. Parametrons were used in early Japanese computers due to being reliable and inexpensive but were ultimately surpassed by transistors due to differences in speed.

See also
 Quantum flux parametron
 Eiichi Goto
 MUSASINO-1
 Magnetic amplifier
 Magnetic logic
 Parametric oscillator

References

Digital electronics
Magnetic devices
Magnetic logic computers
Drawstring. A drawstring (draw string, draw-string) is a string, rope or lace used to "draw" (gather, or shorten) fabric or other material. Ends of a drawstring are often terminated with a sheath called an aglet. The ends may be tied to hold the drawstring in place (and simultaneously close an opening). Alternatively, it may be kept drawn using a cordlock. Typically, the drawstring is loose when not being used and tightened when needed during use.

A drawstring may be threaded through a hem or casing (a continuous tube of material) or laced through holes, which may be lined with eyelets. A shoelace is a drawstring.  It may also be laced through loops attached to the material, in the same way that belt loops are. A belt is a usually flat drawstring.

Hazard
In 1996 the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued guidelines for drawstrings on children's upper outerwear to help prevent children from strangling or getting entangled on the neck and waist drawstrings of upper outerwear garments, such as jackets and sweatshirts. Drawstrings on children's clothing are a hidden hazard that can lead to deaths and injuries when they catch on such items as playground equipment, bus doors, or cribs. From 1985 to 1999, the CPSC received reports of 22 deaths and 48 non-fatal incidents involving the entanglement of children's clothing drawstrings. In 2006, the CPSC issued a letter to manufacturers, retailers, and importers of children's upper outwear garments, urging them to make certain the garments do not have hood drawstrings that can pose a strangulation hazard to children. Several product recalls due to possible strangulation hazards have occurred.

Similarity in nature
In biology, a type of protein in the Rho family of GTPases heals wounds by contraction, much like a draw-string being pulled to close a bag.

References

Textile closures
Service layer pattern. Service layer is an architectural pattern, applied within the service-orientation design paradigm, which aims to organize the services, within a service inventory, into a set of logical layers. Services that are categorized into a particular layer share  functionality. This helps to reduce the conceptual overhead related to managing the service inventory, as the services belonging to the same layer address a smaller set of activities.

Rationale
Grouping services into functional layers reduces the impact of change. Most changes affect only the layer in which they're made, with few side-effects that impact other layers. This fundamentally simplifies service maintenance.

The service reusability principle dictates that services should be designed to maximize reuse. Similarly, the service composability principle advocates designing services so that they can be composed in various ways. Both principles require that a service contain only a specific type of logic e.g., either reusable or process-specific logic. Restricting each layer to a particular functionality, simplifies the design of the service.

Usage

Applying this pattern requires creating a service inventory blueprint, a list of services with associated functionality. Next, group the services into layers according to function. Adopting a common layering strategy across the enterprise facilitates reuse in other applications, because developers don't have as much to learn (or invent) when they join a project. One common layering uses task, entity and utility.

An alternative layering from Bieberstein et al., involves five layers, namely enterprise, process, service, component and object.

The service layer pattern invokes a specific service architecture.

The top-down service delivery approach facilitates the use of this pattern.

See also 
 Service layer

References

External links 
 SOA Design Patterns

Service-oriented (business computing)
ANBO VIII. The ANBO VIII was a Lithuanian bomber-reconnaissance monoplane designed by Antanas Gustaitis and built by Karo Aviacijos Tiekimo Skyrius.

Design and development
The ANBO VIII was a low-wing monoplane with a tailwheel landing gear, an enclosed two-seat tandem cockpit and powered by a  Bristol Pegasus XVIII radial engine. The prototype and only ANBO VIII was first flown on 5 September 1939 and was still under testing when the country was annexed by the Soviet Union. The prototype was removed by the Soviet authorities for testing.

Operators

Specifications

References

External links

Virgin flight of Anbo VIII

1930s Lithuanian military aircraft
1930s bomber aircraft
8
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
On the Wing (film). On the Wing is a 1986 IMAX film featuring a half-sized robotic Quetzalcoatlus that demonstrates principles of animal flight. Produced by the National Air and Space Museum, it also traces the early history of human flight.
 
The film is narrated by F. Murray Abraham. In one scene filmed in Florida in 1984, a reproduction Benoist airboat was flown, depicting the inaugural flight of the world's first scheduled airline, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line, in 1914.

References

External links
 

1986 films
1986 short documentary films
IMAX short films
Documentary films about prehistoric life
IMAX documentary films
Films scored by Richard Einhorn
American short documentary films
Seascraper. A seascraper, also known as a waterscraper, is a proposed large building which will function as a floating city.  It would generate its own energy through wave, wind, current, solar, etc. and produce its own food through farming, aquaculture, hydroponics, etc. The term "Seascraper" is an analogous derivative of "Skyscraper".

Architect Koen Othuis of the Netherlands specializes in "amphibious" buildings, some floating and some using other systems to adapt to wet environments. In 2010 Architect Sarly Adre Sarkum of Malaysia from architecture firm SA Squared or Sarly Adre Sarkum Architecture proposed a building about the size of the Empire State Building which would float in the ocean with only the top few stories out of water. It would house thousands of people and be self-contained, growing its own food and generating its own energy.

Another design concept for a mostly submerged structure is The Gyre-Seascraper, which would stretch 400 meters deep and over a kilometer across. It is designed to house over 2000 people, and be completely self-sufficient, producing its own food and electricity.  It was designed by the firm Zigloo.ca, as a submission to eVolo's Skyscraper Design Competition in 2009.

A seascraper concept was proposed and described by William Erwin and Dan Fletcher in the 2009 Evolo Skyscraper Competition, where they stated:

See also 
 Freedom Ship
 Ocean colonization
 Seasteading
 Very large floating structure

References

External links
 "The Water-Scraper: I would live on it without a huge eco-disaster" - Coolest Gadgets
 "Gorgeous waterscrapers: habitat for the coming Waterworld" - DVICE
"Gyre SeaScraper Design Concept" - Zigloo.ca

Skyscrapers
Scraper
Building types
Proposed arcologies
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (C6H3N3O9S) is a nitroaryl oxidizing acid. Due to its extreme oxidative properties, if mixed with reducing agents including hydrides, sulfides, and nitrides, it may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in almost immediate detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents because of the explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds which increase in the presence of multiple nitro groups. Not much is known about this compound, but it is used as a peptide terminal amino group neutralizer and is currently being investigated for its effects on the immune system.

Uses 
Its primary usage is primarily to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups in scientific research. Occasionally it is used as a detonator for certain other explosive compounds.

It is also used to induce colitis in the colon of laboratory animals in order to model inflammatory bowel disease and post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.

Health concerns and safety precautions 
The primary hazard of working with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid is the risk of instantaneous explosion. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid is an extremely sensitive compound especially when mixed with other compounds, exposed to heat, or exposed to rapid temperature or pressure changes. The toxicological properties of this compound have not been investigated, so all health effects are unknown. To best prevent bodily harm or injury it is recommended that all direct contact be avoided and the compound be kept under extremely strict environmentally controlled conditions. In case of spillage it is recommended that a local fire department be called in advance prior to any attempt at cleaning. In case of fire it is recommended that the material be left to burn and the surrounding area be evacuated. If fire fighting is required it is recommended that a fully positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus be used along with either foam or CO2 extinguishers.

References 

Explosive chemicals
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Benzenesulfonic acids
Liquid explosives
VBL (inbrafiltro). The Light Armored Vehicle (PBL) - Group project Inbrafiltro - is designed for special operations security, in which the troops need protection and great mobility.

History 
Designed entirely within the premises of Inbrafiltro, the VBL, the 3.5 ton class has the monobloc built in ballistic steel plate and is equipped with a shield against 7.62 NATO ammunition.
Structured totally on mechanical Land Rover / Defender, the vehicle has high operational mobility, and may also be equipped with various defensive items and / or attack, with the desired configuration by the customer.

The model was designed to have an autonomy of 640 km of highway and 400 in rough terrain, without a trailer and without using additional fuel tanks. The maximum load is around 1600 pounds, capable of transporting the driver and five soldiers.

The VBL has capacity for chemical defense, biological or radiological detection laser beam on the car, and low thermal signature, radar and noise. Another feature includes nocturnal mobility and ability to be airborne in pairs in C-130 aircraft used by the Brazilian air force. The car has six smoke grenades launchers arranged on the sides of the vehicle.

Versions
 Marine armored combat vehicles (ACV Fuz)
 Armored Combat Vehicle Heavy Mortar (VBC Mrt Pes)
 Light Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle (VBR LR)
 Light Armored Combat Vehicle anti-vehicle (ACV AC LR)
 Light Armored Vehicle Special Note Advanced (VBE OA LR)
 Light Armored Vehicle Combat Mortar (VBC Mrt LR)
 Light Armored Vehicle Special Radar (Rdr VBE LR)

Operators
:
01+ Military Police of Paraná State
01+ National Force of Public Safety

References

External links
http://www.militarypower.com.br/laad09_24.jpg
http://n.i.uol.com.br/ultnot/album//090414_armas_f_012.jpg
http://www.defesanet.com.br/01_lz/laad2009/imagens/inbra/vbl_drw.jpg

Armoured fighting vehicles of Brazil
21st-century military vehicles
Armoured cars
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Internal security vehicles
Paramilitary vehicles
Accelerator (Internet Explorer). Accelerators were a form of selection-based search allowing a user to invoke an online service from any other page using only the mouse; they were introduced by Microsoft in Internet Explorer 8. Actions such as selecting the text or other objects gave users access to the usable Accelerator services (such as blogging with the selected text, or viewing a map of a selected geographical location), which could then be invoked with the selected object. According to Microsoft, Accelerators eliminated the need to copy and paste content between web pages. IE 8 specified an XML-based encoding which allowed a web application or web service to be invoked as an Accelerator service. How the service would be invoked and for what categories of content it would show up were specified in the XML file. Similarities have been drawn between Accelerators and the controversial smart tags feature experimented with in the IE 6 Beta but withdrawn after criticism (though later included in MS Office).

Support for Accelerators was removed in Microsoft Edge, the successor browser to Internet Explorer.

History

Microsoft introduced accelerators in Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 as "activities." It later renamed this to "accelerators."

IE8
Accelerators were included in IE8 by default as a type of add-on.

Sample Accelerator
This is an example of how to describe a map Accelerator using the OpenService Format:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<openServiceDescription xmlns="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/openservicedescription/1.0">
  <homepageUrl>http://www.example.com</homepageUrl>
  <display>
    <name>Map with Example.com</name>
    <icon>http://www.example.com/favicon.ico</icon>
  </display>
  <activity category="map">
    <activityAction context="selection">
      <preview action="http://www.example.com/geotager.html">
        <parameter name="b" value="{selection}"/>
        <parameter name="clean" value="true"/>
        <parameter name="w" value="320"/>
        <parameter name="h" value="240"/>
      </preview>
      <execute action="http://www.example.com/default.html">
        <parameter name="where1" value="{selection}" type="text"/>
      </execute>
    </activityAction>
  </activity>
</openServiceDescription>

See also
 Smart tag
 Web Slice
 Ubiquity (Firefox)
 click.to (browser independent)

References

External links
 Accelerators Video, Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 Videos
 Add-ons Gallery: Accelerators, Microsoft Internet Explorer 8

Development
 OpenService Accelerators Developer Guide
 Accelerators, Internet Explorer 8 Readiness Toolkit

Wikimedia Accelerators
 Wikipedia Visual Search, IE8 Addons Gallery
 Define with Wikipedia, IE8 Addons Gallery
 Define with Wiktionary, IE8 Addons Gallery
 Veoh Video Compass, IE8 Addons Gallery 

User interface techniques
Internet Explorer
Microsoft initiatives
Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman. The Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman is an American homebuilt amphibious aircraft. The Sportsman is a two-seat high-winged monoplane of wood and fabric construction, with over 100 built by 1993.

Development and design
Volmer Jensen, a successful designer of sailplanes, designed the two-seat amphibious VJ-22 in 1957. The new aircraft, at first called the Chubasco, made its first flight on 22 December 1958.

The VJ-22 is a high-winged monoplane, using the wings from an Aeronca Champion or Chief, with a new flying boat hull of mahogany plywood, waterproofed with fiberglass cloth. The aircraft's single engine, normally a pusher of between 85 hp (63 kW) and 100 hp (75 kW), is mounted on pylons above the wing centre section. The engine can also be mounted in tractor configuration and engines of up to 135 hp (101 kW) have been used successfully. A retractable tailwheel undercarriage is provided. The pilot and passenger sit side by side under an enclosed canopy, and are provided with dual controls.

Operational history

While Jensen attempted unsuccessfully to get the Sportsman built commercially, plans for the VJ-22 were made available to amateur builders, with 889 plans sold and over 100 completed by 1993.

The Volmer Club of America is a 501(c)4 organization established by Robert Albrecht of Louisiana to continue the legacy of the VJ-22 and make plans and specifications for its construction available to the public.

Specifications (85 hp engine)

See also

Notes

References

 Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. .
 Taylor John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77. London:Macdonald and Jane's, 1976. .

External links

 Volmer VJ-22 Sportsman page

Amphibious aircraft
1950s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
VJ-22
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Flying boats
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear