omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Resource consumption. Resource consumption is about the consumption of non-renewable, or less often, renewable resources. Specifically, it may refer to:

 water consumption
 energy consumption
 electric energy consumption
 world energy consumption
 natural gas consumption/gas depletion
 oil consumption/oil depletion
 logging/deforestation
 fishing/overfishing 
 land use/land loss or
 resource depletion and
 general exploitation and associated environmental degradation

Measures of resource consumption are resource intensity and resource efficiency. Industrialization and globalized markets have increased the tendency for overconsumption of resources. The resource consumption rate of a nation does not usually correspond with the primary resource availability, this is called resource curse.

Unsustainable consumption by the steadily growing human population may lead to resource depletion and a shrinking of the earth's carrying capacity.

See also 
Ecological footprint
Jevons paradox
Natural resource management
Scarcity
Uneconomic growth

References

External links

Ecology
Resource economics
Consumption
German submarine U-742. German submarine U-742 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 12 May 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned  on 1 May 1943 with Kapitänleutnant Heinz Schwassmann in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-742 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-742 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
U-boats sunk in 1944
German submarine U-743. German submarine U-743 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 30 May 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned  on 15 May 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Helmut Kandzior in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-743 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-743 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Fate
On 20 August 1944 U-743 entered Trondheim for schnorkel repairs. She left the next day and was never heard from again. On 10 September 1944 U-743 was declared missing.

Previously recorded fate
U-743 was originally thought to have been sunk on 9 September 1944 at position  by depth charges from  and . This attack actually resulted in the sinking of .

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
Missing U-boats of World War II
U-boats sunk in 1944
German submarine U-746. German submarine U-746 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 15 July 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 4 July 1943 with Tenente di vascello Augusto Biagini in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-746 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-746 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
U-boats scuttled in 1945
Maritime incidents in May 1945
World War II submarines of Italy
German submarine U-740. German submarine U-740 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 26 April 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 27 March 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Günther Stark in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-740 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-740 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1942 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
Maritime incidents in June 1944
German submarine U-738. German submarine U-738 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 25 February 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 20 February 1943 with Oberleutnant zur See Erich-Michael Hoffmann in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-738 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-738 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1942 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
German submarine U-747. German submarine U-747 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 19 August 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 17 July 1943 with Tenente di vascello Roberto Rigoli in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-747 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-747 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Emblem 
U-747's emblem was an oak leaf, with an anchor, and a dagger. She also shared this emblem with , , ,  and .

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
Maritime incidents in April 1945
Maritime incidents in May 1945
U-boats scuttled in 1945
World War II submarines of Italy
German submarine U-748. German submarine U-748 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 20 August 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 31 July 1943 with Capitano di Corvetta Mario Arillo in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-748 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-748 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
U-boats sunk in 1944
World War II submarines of Italy
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-749. German submarine U-749 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 28 September 1942 by Schichau-Werke of Danzig. She was commissioned on 14 August 1943 with Tenente di vascello Alberto Longhi in command.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U- 749 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U- 749 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Ships built by Schichau
U-boats sunk in 1945
Maritime incidents in April 1945
World War II submarines of Italy
Elvirasminde (building). Elvirasminde (Lit. Elvira's Memory) or Chokoladefabrikken (English: The Chocolate Factory) is a building complex and former factory in Aarhus, Denmark. Elvirasminde was built in 1912 by designs from the architect Christian Frühstück Nielsen. The factory was one of the many industrial enterprises that were established in the city in the early 20th century and the buildings represent the industrial architecture of the time. It is situated on Klostergade in the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood and today houses small upstarts and a number of creative businesses such as architect companies.

The buildings are named after the chocolate manufacturer Elvirasminde which built and was based in the buildings until the 1960s. The factory was in turn named after Elvira, the late wife of the founder.

History 
In 1875, the company and chocolate factory Elvirasminde was established in Aarhus through a series of mergers of smaller companies. The company eventually built a factory building in Klostergade in 1912. The company expanded and started producing many different kinds of chocolate and sugary sweets. In 1913 the company had 325 employees which later grew to 500 making it one of the major industrial employers in the city.  

In the interwar period the company failed to modernize and by the 1950s sales faltered. The company cut the workforce to 200 workers but was eventually merged with Rønning & Co. The company moved to the Aarhus suburb Hasselager in 1967 but when the factory burned down in 1985 production was moved to Skanderborg where it remains today.

Architecture 
The building complex comprises 10.000 square meters situated in one of the oldest streets in the city. The factory was designed by Christian Frühstück Nielsen who was one of the first architects to have been born and raised in Aarhus. Elvirasminde is one of a number of Neoclassical buildings he designed in the city. The factory has been expanded numerous times over the years but has retained a homogenous appearance. It is a 4 story building of red brick with a hip roof and dormer windows.

The Culture History Museum of Randers has examined and evaluated the buildings and found that the former chocolate factory remains a well-preserved industry complex and testifies to the early industrial history of the city. The buildings is architecturally of a high quality and illustrates how industry started in the cities and later moved to the outer suburbs.

External links 
 Elvirasminde on Wikimedia Commons

References 

Industrial buildings completed in 1912
Buildings and structures in Aarhus
Neoclassical architecture in Aarhus
Bernhard Scheuble. Bernhard Scheuble (born 1953 in Munich) is a German business executive, and former chairman and CEO of Merck.

He studied physics at the University of Freiburg and did his doctoral research at the Fraunhofer Society. After obtaining a doctorate in physics, he was a researcher at the Fraunhofer Society until 1982, when he joined Merck. At Merck, he became director of the laboratory for liquid crystal research. From 1986 he was worked for Merck in Japan, where he built a research centre for liquid crystal research. He returned to Germany to join the company's senior management team, first as head of the liquid crystal division and then as head of the international pharmaceutical division. He became an honorary professor at the University of Stuttgart in 1997. In 1998 he became a member of the executive board. He became deputy CEO in February 2000 and became CEO in July 2000, succeeding Hans Joachim Langmann. In 2002, he also became a member of the executive board of Merck's holding company, E. Merck oHG. He retired as CEO on 20 November 2005.

He was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of Hull. In 2015 he was awarded with the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star.

References

German chief executives
Merck Group people
1953 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Munich
University of Freiburg alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class
Robot leg. A robot leg (or robotic leg) is a mechanical leg that performs the same functions that a human leg can. The robotic leg is typically programmed to execute similar functions as a human leg. A robotic leg is similar to a prosthetic leg. However, a robotic leg can be controlled electrically or mechanically. To have the robotic leg emulate human leg behaviors, surgeons must redirect the nerves that previously controlled some of the person’s lower-leg muscles to cause the thigh muscles to contract. Sensors embedded in the robotic leg measure the electrical pulses created by both a re-innervated muscle contraction, and the existing thigh muscle.

Mechanism 

A robotic Leg attaches to an individual who has had a lower extremity amputation—of a portion of a leg or foot. Doctors and technicians measure the remaining limb structure and of the person’s prosthesis to ideally fit the robotic leg. After they attach the robotic leg, they embed the sensors in the robotic leg that measure the electrical activity created by re-innervated muscle contraction, and existing thigh muscle.

Applications 

Robotic legs have become a popular target of research and development in the past few years. Robotic legs can be applied to people who have had limb amputating surgery caused by a major trauma, or a disease like cancer. Robotic legs have also seen much applicable use in military combat injuries. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has been working to create a “bionic” or robotic leg that can function as if it had organic muscles.

References

See also 

 Robot arm
 Legged robot

Robotics
Marcin Jakubowski. Marcin Jakubowski (born 1972) founded Open Source Ecology (OSE) in 2003. Jakubowski is an advocate of open source hardware as a foundation for the open source economy  particularly distributed manufacturing, open source agriculture, and open source product development.

OSE made it to the world stage in 2011 when Jakubowski gave a TED Talk. on the Global Village Construction Set. Shortly after, the GVCS won Make magazine's  "Green Project Contest". The Internet blogs Gizmodo and Grist produced detailed features on OSE. Jakubowski has since become a Shuttleworth Foundation Fellow (2012) and TED Senior Fellow (2012).

Personal life
Marcin Jakubowski born in Poznań, Poland. Jakubowski and Catarina Mota were married on 27 December 2013 at Grand Central Station in New York City. They are collaborating on open hardware projects, with a collaboration on the Open Building Institute started in 2016.

Professional life
After receiving a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Jakubowski founded the Open Source Ecology project. He has been working on this from 2004 until present, at the company headquarters  Factor e Farm, in the Kansas City area. Most prototyping and development occur at this facility. This includes the work on housing with the Open Building Institute, whose goal is to make affordable, ecological housing widely accessible.

References

1972 births
Living people
People from Poznań
Open source people
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Aeronca Museum. The Aeronca Museum is an online museum that hosts a collection of artifacts and aircraft produced by Aeronca (the Aeronautical Corporation of America) (a.k.a. Aeronca, Inc. or Aeronca Aircraft, now Magellan Aerospace Corp.), a prominent U.S. light aircraft manufacturer from 1928 to 1951. The museum is instituted to "preserve the knowledge and history of Aeronca aircraft in the public trust" and keep it "available for future generations," with the objective "to be the premier research library for all things Aeronca."

History
The museum began its development under President and Executive Director Todd Trainor, an aircraft restoration specialist, long involved with Aeronca planes, and son of late Aeronca restoration expert Tom Trainor.

A board was formed and the organization applied for 501(C)3 non-profit certification in early 2011; it holds that status now, and is currently operating as a public information service.

At present, the artifacts are at the museum's offices in Brighton, Michigan, and in hangars at the Brighton Airport, some undergoing restoration and preparation for presentation.

Currently, the museum largely serves as an archive of thousands of documents, drawings and blueprints, technical manuals and other research references related to Aeronca aircraft, and presents these online through its website, both commercially and as free-distribution information for Aeronca aircraft operators and enthusiasts.

Exhibits and artifacts
The museum is home to three complete Aeronca K projects (including one seaplane), one flyable Aeronca TAC, a C-3 basket case, and a KCA basket case, some in restoration—and over 10,000 other Aeronca artifacts and papers.

The museum has collected many documents, drawings, blueprints, manuals and other references from Aeronca, and from its successor, Magellan Aerospace, and from Aeronca enthusiasts, particularly those affiliated with the National Aeronca Association and the Fearless Aeronca Aviators, and makes them available through its website, at aeroncamuseum.org.

See also
Aeronca Aircraft
EAA Aviation Museum

References

Links
Aeronca Museum - official site
"Aeronca History" page,  Aeronca, Inc. corporate website
The Aeronca K and Aeronca Engines website (author/webmaster Todd Trainor) 
Aeronca 11AC Chief website
 National Aeronca Association
Aeronca Aviators Club
Fearless Aeronca Aviators

Virtual museums
Aerospace museums in Michigan
Archives in the United States
Business and industry archives
Aviation history of the United States