omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanoscrolls. The structure of carbon nanoscrolls is similar to that of a multi-walled carbon nanotube, but with a spiral-like rolled-up geometry and open edges at the ends.

A number of methods have been reported to produce carbon nanoscrolls, including arc discharge, high-energy ball milling, and intercalation, among others. Wedge based mechanical exfoliation is also reported to form carbon nanoscrolls experimentally. However, the real world applications of nanoscroll products are limited due to their difficult colloidal processing. Thermodynamically, the nanoscale surfaces are stacking each other via van der Waals force to lower the energy barrier. To overcome this problem and obtain high quality nanoscrolls, a polymer-assisted liquid exfoliation technique has been recently demonstrated, allowing to manufacture high throughput and high quality CNS dispersions. Other material-based nanoscrolls, e.g. gold nanoscrolls, were also successfully attained by the exfoliation technique.

References

Carbon nanoparticles
Fayat Group. The Fayat Group is a  French and international construction and industrial company.

It is a family owned firm, founded in 1957 by Clément Fayat, and managed by his sons Jean-Claude Fayat and Laurent Fayat. It is structured in 7 fields of activity :

     Construction engineering
     Construction
     Energy Services
     Steel Construction
     Road Building Equipment
     Handling and hoisting equipment
     Pressure vessels

There are 205 subsidiaries in 120 countries, 21,505 employees, and 2020 revenue of Euro 4.1 billion Fayat is the largest independent construction group in France.

Acquisitions include: Dulevo, Dynapac, BOMAG.

One of Fayat's subsidiaries is working on the controversial Upper Yeywa dam project in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). The dam is opposed by local residents and will result in displacement and environmental damage.

References

External links

Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1957
Multinational companies headquartered in France
French companies established in 1957
Companies based in Bordeaux
USCGC Munro (WMSL-755). USCGC Munro (WMSL-755) is the sixth  of the United States Coast Guard. Munro is the second cutter named for Signalman First Class Douglas A. Munro (1919–1942), the only coast guardsman to be awarded the Medal of Honor. The US Navy destroyer escort  was also named for Munro.

History

Huntington Ingalls Industries subsidiary Ingalls Shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi, was awarded the $487.1 million construction contract on April 30, 2013. Construction officially began on October 7, 2013 with a ceremony marking the cutting of the first 100 tons of steel. Munro was launched at Pascagoula on September 12, 2015 and christened there on November 14, 2015.

On June 18, 2019, the crew participated in capturing a narco-submarine carrying 17,000 pounds of cocaine. The total amount of drugs seized was valued at $232 million USD, representing one of the largest drug seizures to date. Video of the incident was later made available on both news and military websites. The video shows the Coast Guard ordering the submarine to stop, followed by Coast Guard personnel jumping aboard the still moving submarine and forcing the hatch open, leading to the surrender of the submarine's crew.

See also
 National Security Cutter
 Coast Guard: 
 Navy: 
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References

External links

 USCGC Munro (WMSL 755), U.S. Coast Guard Pacific Area

Legend-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
2016 ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
Sally Benson (professor). Sally M. Benson is a professor of energy engineering at Stanford University. In 2014, she was appointed as director of the Precourt Institute for Energy, the university's hub of energy research and education.  Benson will continue on as director of Stanford's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP), a position she has had since 2007.

On November 24, 2021, Benson was appointed to the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy as deputy director for Energy and Chief Strategist for the Energy Transition.

Biography
Benson received a B.S. in geology from Barnard College of Columbia University, an M.Sc.and a Ph.D. in materials and mineral engineering from the University of California-Berkeley.

Benson has held several positions with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California. These include 1980–2007, Staff scientist (director 1993–1997), Earth Sciences Division; 2001–2004, deputy director for operations; 1997–2001, Associate laboratory director, Energy Sciences.

Awards and honours
Benson has won various awards, including the 2012 Greenman Award, Michel T. Halbouty Distinguished Lecture Award from the Geological Society, and the ARCS American Pacesetter Award. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2023 and to the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences & Engineering in 2024.

See also

Mark Z. Jacobson
Tom Steyer
Lee Schipper
Al Gore
Hermann Scheer
Benjamin K. Sovacool
John A. "Skip" Laitner
Amory Lovins
Daniel Kammen
Renewable energy commercialization

References

External links
Precourt Institute for Energy

21st-century American women academics
21st-century American academics
21st-century American women engineers
American women engineers
Barnard College alumni
Energy policy
Living people
Energy engineers
Stanford University faculty
American environmentalists
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Office of Science and Technology Policy officials
Biden administration personnel
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Selimiye Tunnel. The Selimiye Tunnel () is a road tunnel constructed on the  Black Sea Coastal Highway   between Hopa and Kemalpaşa in Artvin Province, northeastern Turkey.

Situated near Selimiye village, the -long single-tube tunnel carries two lanes of traffic in east-bound direction only. Selimiye Tunnel is flanked by a series of shorter tunnels on the same route. 

The construction of the tunnel was preceded by a major landslide, which occurs often in the region. After the east-bound part of divided highway was blocked by a landslide, traffic was maintained a long time on the west-bound part. The problem was solved by building of a series of tunnels built on the east-bound highway part in the vicinity of Selimiye village. The construction works began on 25 August 2009. In October 2010, the tunnel was put into service. Another landslide, which took place at the same place in October 2013, blocked this time the west-bound part of the highway in a length of . During the road maintenance period, Selimiye Tunnel was used bi-directional.

References

Road tunnels in Turkey
Transport in Artvin Province
Tinker, Shenton & Co. Tinker, Shenton and Company, based at Hyde Boiler Works, Hyde, Cheshire (now in Tameside), England, were a firm of boilermakers, founded in 1872.  The firm was at that date incorporated as a Limited Company by James Shenton, Richard Shenton and George James Tinker.

Initially based at a workshop on John Street, Hyde, the firm soon moved to Hyde Boiler Works on Furnace Street in the Flowery Field area, from where they operated until the closure of the firm in 1928.

Tinker, Shenton and Company manufactured Lancashire and  Cornish steam boilers. Well-preserved examples of their Lancashire boilers exist at both the Ellesmere Port Boat Museum and the Queen Street Mill Textile Museum in Burnley, Lancashire, which has a pair.

References

Boilermakers
Defunct companies of England
History of Cheshire
Manufacturing companies established in 1872
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1928
1872 establishments in England
1928 disestablishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1928
British companies established in 1872
Lithium metasilicate. Lithium metasilicate is an ionic compound with the formula Li2SiO3

Preparation
Lithium metasilicate is prepared by the reaction of lithium carbonate and silicon dioxide at temperatures between 515 and 565 °C.

Applications
The melting of lithium metasilicate is used for the calibration of thermocouples.

References

Inorganic silicon compounds
Lithium compounds
Metasilicates
Bengal Institute of Technology & Management. Bengal Institute of Technology & Management (BITM) is a self-financing engineering college in West Bengal, India.It was established in 2001. It is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology and all the programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

It is located along Sriniketan bypass, Doranda, Bolpur, Birbhum.

Academics
The institute offers ten undergraduate courses:

B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) - 4 years (approved intake - 90)
 B.Tech in Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (AEIE) - 4 years (approved intake - 60)
 B.Tech in Electrical Engineering (EE) - 4 years (approved intake - 60)
 B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering (ME) - 4 years (approved intake - 180)
 B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) - 4 years (approved intake - 90)
 B.Tech in Civil Engineering (CE) - 4 years (approved intake - 120)
 B.Tech in Information Technology (IT) - 4 years (approved intake - 60)
Bachelor in Business Administration - 3 years (approved intake - 60)
Bachelor in Computer Application - 3 years (approved intake - 60)
Bachelor in Hotel Management - 3 years (approved intake - 60)

The following postgraduate degree programs are offered:

 M.Tech. in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) - 2 years (approved intake - 18)
M.Tech. in Computer Science & Engineering - 2 years (approved intake - 18)
M.Tech. in Electrical Engineering (EE) - 2 years (approved intake - 18)
Master in Business Administration - 2 years (approved intake - 60)
Master in Computer Application - 3 years (approved intake - 60)

It also offers diploma courses.

See also

References

External links
 Official website

Private engineering colleges in India
Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Birbhum district
Educational institutions established in 2001
2001 establishments in West Bengal
Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim. Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim is a large oil refinery located in Ufa, Russia, founded in 1957 by Chernikov. It specializes in the refining of several hydrocarbons such as West Siberian oil, a high-sulfur oil blend from the Arlanskoye field, and gas condensate. The refinery produces various grades of fuel and petrochemicals.

Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim provides fuel and gas catalysis and aromatic hydrocarbon production. The refinery operates coking, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, de-asphalting, visbreaking, and bitumen technology units.

Products 
The plant produces almost 60 types of products, including gasoline, fuel oil, diesel fuel, liquefied gases, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

History 
In November 1954 the Chernikov Oil Refinery was founded in the city of Chernikovsk. In 1962 the plant was renamed Ufa Oil Refinery named after the XXII Congress of the CPSU. Since 1992 he has been a joint—stock company Ufaneftekhim, since 1993 — an open joint—stock company, since 1994 he has been a member of the Bashkir Petrochemical Company, since 2012 - a modern status.

References

External links

 
 Official website in Russian

Petroleum industry in Russia
Companies based in Ufa
Oil refineries in the Soviet Union
Oil refineries in Russia
Einar Lilloe Gran. Einar Lilloe Gran (16 November 1886 – 1966) was a Norwegian engineer and pioneer of aviation in Norway. He was a son of Carl Ludvig Oscar Nielsen Gran (1855–1897) and his wife Emma Sofie Christine (née Halvorsen; born 1857 in Sandaker).

Gran designed and built the first Norwegian motorized aeroplane in 1910. It had a wingspan of 10 meters and cost . Gran made several attempts to make the aircraft airborne, but without any significant success.

References 

1886 births
1966 deaths
Aviation pioneers
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian aviators
Date of death missing
Place of death missing
Place of birth missing
First Flight wind farm. First Flight wind farm was a late 2000s proposed offshore wind farm in the Irish Sea, southeast of the southern coast of County Down, Northern Ireland.

History
In 2009 the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment of Northern Ireland published a draft strategic plan for offshore renewable energy, which proposed a target of 600MW offshore wind by 2020. a study examined the Northern Ireland coastline to the 12 nm limit, and identified two potential wind farm sites: one northeast of Lough Foyle and north of Portstewart (Zone 1) with estimatated capacity 600MW); and one east of County Down, (Zone 2) with estimated capacity 900MW. Taking into account acceptable levels of negative environmental impact the developable wind zones were estimated at yielding 300 and 600MW of generating capacity respectively.

In December 2011 The Crown Estate began a tendering process for offshore renewable energy in Northern Ireland, including a 600MW wind farm site off the County Down coast, the wind farm site was within a smaller area of the region identified by the 2009 study. The wind farm site was ~8 km from the coast of Ireland, with an area of , with water depths of . In October 2012 First Flight Wind consortium (DONG Energy Power (UK) Limited, Renewable Energy Systems Limited (RES) and B9 Energy Offshore Developments Limited.) was awarded the development rights to the wind farm zone: the company estimated that around  would need to be developed for a wind farm of 600MW capacity.

In 2014 First Flight Wind published an environmental scoping report for consultation. The developing company's initial (2014) estimates of the development process are for development of an application to be submitted c.2016, which if consented (period less than 1 year) would enter require a year for the design and contracts to be finalised, with construction taking place between late 2017 and 2021.

In 2014 the scale of the wind farm was reduced to minimise effects on shipping (Warrenpoint-Heysham) and fishing (Nephrops prawn); the resultant development had an estimated generating capacity of 300-400MW.

In 2014 the developers abandoned the wind farm plans due to an unfavourable regulatorary process and insufficient development incentives.

References

Sources

External links

Developers

Offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea
Ørsted (company) wind farms
Buildings and structures in County Down
Proposed wind farms in Northern Ireland
Exos. Exos may refer to:

EXOS, an athletics company
In video games, exos means powered exoskeletons
In medicine, exos is short for the exosome complex
Lotus Exos, see Lotus Cars
 "EXOS", a 2016 song by Blank Banshee from MEGA

Rockets
Exos Aerospace company
Mu (rocket family), the Japanese EXOS-A, B, C, and D
RM-86 Exos rockets circa 1960
The EXOS payload in the ExoCube (CP-10) satellite

Software
 EXOS (Excelan), a brand by network company Excelan
 EXOS, short for ExtremeXOS network operating system
 ExOS, short for Exokernel operating system kernel
Federal Road Agency. The Federal Road Agency (; also known as Rosavtodor; ) is the Russian government agency responsible for overseeing the road transport industry and transport engineering in Russia.

Federal Road Agency is a state body responsible for initiating of special federal, scientific and technical and innovation programs and projects including the “Roads” subordinate program of the “Modernization of Russian road system (years 2002-2010)” program.

Federal roads management is carried out by Federal Road Agency directly as well as through the system of federal state establishments and their branches, responsible for efficient federal roads management and for organizing of road construction, reconstruction, repair and maintenance works.

Control objects are 50.700 km of Federal roads, 5,560 bridges and overpasses plus all the property required to ensure uninterrupted all-the-year-round functioning of federal roads.

The total book cost of the property managed and controlled by Federal Road Agency is approximately 608.000 billion rubles.

Federal Road Agency operates in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees by the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and resolutions issued by the Russian Government, corresponding international agreements and orders and decrees by Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

The Head of the Federal Road Agency is appointed or dismissed by the Russian Government at the suggestion of the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Top ranks and uniforms 
Civil servants who works in the Agency have class ranks in groups of 1, 2 and 3 classes, which correspond to the military rank. Class ranks are established by article 11 of the Federal Law of 07/07/2004 No. 79-“On the Civil Service of the Russian Federation” and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 9.6.2006 No. 577.

Employees of the Federal Road Agency have universal uniforms, with  rank insignia, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation “On Uniform and Insignia of Employees of the Federal Road Agency” (project ID 01/02 / 01-17 / 00061018, prepared by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation 01.02.2017.

Contacts
Its headquarters are in Moscow.

Russia, Moscow, 129085, Bochkova str., 4
Tel. (495) 686-20-33
Fax (495) 686-29-88
E-mail: rad@fad.ru

References

External links 
  Federal Road Agency 

Government agencies of Russia
PWN-9 Kangaroo. The XPWN-9A Kangaroo was a project to develop a sounding rocket intended for use by the United States Navy. Using an unconventional design, flight tests were unsuccessful, and it was not put into production.

History 
The Kangaroo was designed as a "boosted dart" type rocket, the unpropelled "dart" containing the payload being housed within the solid booster rocket's propellant, where, upon burnout, it would be ejected from the rocket by a pyrotechnic device. Rail launched, Kangaroo was intended to be used to measure radiation levels and the density of micrometeorites prior to the launch of crewed space flights.

The initial design of what was then called Kangaroo-Dart was developed by the Aeromachnics Branch of the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range. Detailed design was performed by Aerojet;  however when bids for developing the prototype, given the designation XPWN-9A, were requested, United Technologies Corporation submitted the winning bid and was given a contract for construction of prototypes in November 1969.

Flight trials of the Kangaroo booster were undertaken at the Pacific Missile Range at Point Mugu; they proved unsuccessful, and production of the rocket was not undertaken.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Sounding rockets of the United States
Cancelled space launch vehicles
Beryllium sulfide. Beryllium sulfide (BeS) is an ionic compound from the sulfide group with the formula BeS. It is a white solid with a sphalerite structure that is decomposed by water and acids.

Preparation
Beryllium sulfide powders can be prepared by the reaction of sulfur and beryllium in a hydrogen atmosphere by heating the mixture for 10-20 minutes at temperatures from 1000-1300 °C.  If done at 900 °C, there is beryllium metal impurities.

Alternatively, it can be prepared by the reaction of beryllium chloride and hydrogen sulfide at 900 °C.

References

Beryllium compounds
Monosulfides
II-VI semiconductors
Zincblende crystal structure
ADR-8. The ADR-8 was an unguided electronic countermeasures rocket developed by Tracor for use by the United States Air Force. It was used to dispense chaff from Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers.

Development
Originally given the designation RCU-2, the ADR-8 was developed for use by the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bomber, to give the aircraft a means of dispensing chaff to disrupt enemy radar. Developed by Tracor under a Quick Reaction Contract, the ADR-8 was a folding fin rocket of  diameter. Following successful testing, production of the rocket was undertaken by Revere Copper and Brass.

Operational use
The rockets were fired from 20-shot AN/ALE-25 rocket pods mounted on pylons under the wings of the B-52s. The pods were  long and weighed ; the rockets could be fired manually or automatically upon detection of a threat. They were installed on the final 18 B-52H aircraft constructed; earlier B-52Gs and B-52Hs were retrofitted with the system.

The ADR-8 and AN/ALE-25 were retired in September 1970, replaced by the "Phase VI" electronic warfare suite.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Cold War rockets of the United States
Weapons countermeasures
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
E. V. Murphree Award in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. The E. V. Murphree Award is an annual award presented by the American Chemical Society for outstanding research of a theoretical or experimental nature in the fields of industrial chemistry or chemical engineering. The award comes with a $5000 prize, a certificate, and up to $1000 in travel expenses paid.

The award is named after Eger V. Murphree, the American chemist best known for his co-invention of the process of fluid catalytic cracking.

Recipients 
Source: American Chemical Society

See also

 List of chemistry awards

References

Awards of the American Chemical Society
Awards established in 1957
Thermal history coating. A thermal history coating (THC) is a robust coating containing various non-toxic chemical compounds whose crystal structures irreversibly change at high temperatures. This allows for temperature measurements and thermal analysis to be performed on intricate and inaccessible components, which operate in harsh environments. Like thermal barrier coatings, THCs provide protection from intense heat to the surfaces on which they are applied. The temperature range that THCs provide accurate temperature measurements in is 900 °C to 1400 °C with an accuracy of ±10 °C.

Application of THCs
THCs are applied by atmospheric plasma spraying, which is a thermal spraying technique. This ensures that the coatings are robust to allow long life-times in harsh environments, such as on jet engine components, which experience temperatures in excess of 1000 °C and angular velocities of up to 10,000rpm (revolutions per minute).

Temperature Measurement

Phosphorescent Properties
THCs are composed of phosphor materials, whose luminescent characteristics are temperature- and duration-dependent. Phosphor thermometry is the measurement technique used for determining the past temperatures of THCs, whereby the luminescent characteristics of the coatings are exploited and matched to calibration tables.

Instrumentation
The phosphorescence of THCs is excited by use of an external light source such as a laser pen. An optical system then collects a reflected light signal, whose characteristics provide information on the crystal structure of the THC. Crystal structure properties are then converted into temperatures, which had previously been experience by the coatings. This allows for point measurements to be made across the coated surfaces of components and allows thermal analysis to be carried out.

Applications

R&D
THCs are used in high temperature applications where temperature knowledge is essential in research and development programmes, for example in identifying hot spots, which could lead to structural damage of components.

Warranty
As the THCs provide historic temperature information, they can be used as warranty tools, where certain components, such as valves or particular engine or machinery components must not exceed certain temperatures.

Other High-Temperature Detection Technologies
 Thermocouple
 Thermocrystal
 Pyrometer

References

Materials science
Thermal protection