omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Albert van den Berg (physicist). Albert van den Berg (born 20 September 1957) is a Dutch physicist who works on nanotechnology-miniaturization in physics, chemistry, biology and biotechnology (nanofluidics, nanosensors, Lab on a chip (LOC), Organ on Chip (OoC)).

Van den Berg was born in Zaandam.  In 1988 he earned his PhD at the University of Twente with a thesis on chemically modified ISFETs. Then until 1993 he worked at the Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM) in Neuchâtel and the Institut de microtechnique (IMT) at the University of Neuchâtel. During this time he worked mainly on miniaturized chemical sensors. From 1993 to 1999 he was director of research for Micro Total Analysis Systems (TAS, i.e. miniaturized systems for chemical analysis) and Miniaturized Chemical Systems (MiCS) at the Institute for Nanotechnology (MESA+) at the University of Twente. In 1998 he had a part-time professorship and from 2000 a full professorship. In 2003 he became head of nanofluidics within the Dutch national nanotechnology program (NanoNed). Van den Berg has co-authored over 500 scientific publications (H=63) and over 10 patents. He is or has been involved with 10 spin-off companies. He is currently one of two co-directors of the MESA+ Institute at the University of Twente.

In 2002 he won the Simon Stevin Master Award of the Dutch Society of Science and Engineering. In 2009 he won the Spinoza Prize, the most prestigious Dutch science prize. As there was no fourth Spinoza Prize awarded in 2009, Van den Berg and his co-winners Michel Ferrari and Marten Scheffer asked the NWO to reward them the remaining prize money, which they would spend on a collaborative research effort. Their efforts culminated in a research paper on migraine published in PLOS ONE in 2013. The paper claimed that a critical tipping point of neurons started a migraine attack.

He is a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2008, and its council 2011–2016.

Works
Editor with R. Edwin Oosterbroek: Lab-on-a-chip: miniaturized systems for (bio)chemical analysis and synthesis, Elsevier 2003
Editor with Helene Andersson: Lab on Chip for Cellomics. Micro - and Nanotechnologies for Life Science, Kluwer/Springer Verlag 2007
Editor with Séverine Le Gac: Miniaturization and Mass Spectroscopy, Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing 2009
Editor of conference volumes on Micro Total Analysis Systems, e.g. for the Workshops in 1994, 1998, 2000

References

External links
Biography from the Royal Society of Chemistry

1957 births
20th-century Dutch physicists
21st-century Dutch physicists
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Spinoza Prize winners
University of Twente alumni
Academic staff of the University of Twente
Living people
People from Zaanstad
Day-Elder. Day-Elder Motors Corporation (1918-1937, also known as D.E.) was a manufacturer of trucks in Irvington, New Jersey. Production began in 1918. The company originated from the earlier National Motors Manufacturing Company, also of Irvington. The vehicles used proprietary engines, transmissions, and rear axles. The brand used a worm-gear final drive, leading to a smooth drive - this was considered enough of a selling argument that a worm gear was adopted as the brand's logo and heavily used in the brand's advertising. Day-Elder also had a steady market in fire trucks, and chassis were sold to be used as taxicabs in New York City. Some sources state that the brand was applied to trucks at least as early as 1916, although this seems unlikely as the company was only incorporated on December 26, 1916.

History
When introduced, Day-Elder offered four models, of one, two, three, or six tonnes capacity. Their New York debut was at the Armory in February 1919. By 1920 the range was up to six "standardized" models, still within the same weight range. The company's president was a Charles P. Day, who founded the company together with a F. G. Elder and a Theo. McMarsh.

Day-Elder used four-cylinder engines from Buda Engine Co. or Continental. Transmissions came from Muncie or Brown-Lipe, while rear axles were from Timken, Sheldon, or Columbia. Fairly successful for a manufacturer which depended on outside suppliers for major parts, they began to reach nationwide distribution in the twenties and were also sold in Canada. Most of their early expansion was east of the Mississippi river, but as early as 1920 their farm trucks were being advertised on the West Coast. The brand's market then began to shrink and they were once again confined mostly to the local tri-state area.

D.E. introduced a six-cylinder range (dubbed the "Super Service Sixes") in July 1930. This range, comprising eleven models, had fully enclosed "all-weather" cabins and chrome exterior fittings. In order to better compete with other manufacturers who were strong in D.E.'s home area, they then added heavier trucks of up to 8 tonnes in 1930, and engines from Hercules and others were also made available. None of this sufficed however, and Day-Elder ended up shutting its doors in 1937, as they could not weather the Great Depression.

References 

Vintage vehicles
Veteran vehicles
1900s cars
Manufacturing companies based in New Jersey
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct companies based in New Jersey
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1918
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1937
Irvington, New Jersey
1918 establishments in New Jersey
1937 disestablishments in New Jersey
Metal ion buffer. A metal-ion buffer provides a controlled source of free metal ions in a manner similar to the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration by a pH buffer A metal-ion buffer solution contains the free (hydrated) metal ion along with a complex compound formed by the association of the ion with a ligand in excess. The concentration of free metal ion depends on the total concentration of each component (ligand and metal ion) as well as on the stability constant of the complex. If the ligand can undergo protonation, the concentration of the free metal ion depends also on solution pH.

A considerable improvement in the detection limit of a liquid-membrane ion-selective electrode has been achieved by using a metal-ion buffer as internal solution.

References

Inorganic chemistry
Acid–base chemistry
Equilibrium chemistry
Buffer solutions
Carl Benedicks. Carl Axel Fredrik Benedicks (27 May 1875 – 16 July 1958) was a Swedish physicist whose work included geology, mineralogy, chemistry, physics, astronomy and mathematics.

Biography
Carl Benedicks was born 27 May 1875 in Stockholm, Sweden to Edward Otto Benedicks and Sofia Elisabet Tholander. He married Cecilia af Geijerstam on 6 October 1899.

Benedicks was a professor at Stockholm's technical university, Director of the Institute of Metallography, and was the first to study the yttrium silicate thalenite. In 1926 Benedicks argued to the Nobel Physics Committee that Jean Baptiste Perrin should receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work, over 15 years prior, on Brownian motion, a debate which led to Perrin's eventual nomination and award. Benedicks was awarded a Carnegie Gold medal for his work on the cooling power of liquids, quenching velocities, and the constituents of troostite and austenite.

Benedicks was critical of the Copenhagen interpretation put forward by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, saying he thought they had resigned themselves to never observing the effects of individual atoms, and that their arguments were no more than that of any pessimist.

References

20th-century Swedish physicists
1875 births
1958 deaths
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Scientists from Stockholm
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
Aluminum polymer composite. An aluminum polymer composite (APC)  material combines aluminum with a polymer to create materials with interesting characteristics. In 2014 researchers used a 3d laser printer to produce a polymer matrix. When coated with a 50–100 nanometer layer of aluminum oxide, the material was able to withstand loads of as much as 280 megapascals, stronger than any other known material whose density was less than , that of water.

Aluminum foam 

Spherical aluminum foam pieces bonded by polymers produced foams that were 80–95% metal. Such foams were test-manufactured on an automated assembly line and are under consideration as automobile parts.

Thermal conductivity 

Experimentally determined thermal conductivity of specific APCs matched both the Agari and Bruggeman models provide a good estimation for thermal conductivity. The experimental values of both thermal conductivity and diffusivity have shown a better heat transport for the composite filled with large particles.

See also 
 Aluminium composite panels
 Aluminum foam

References

External links 

 

Composite materials
3D printing
Driver (software). A driver in software provides a programming interface to control and manage specific lower-level interfaces that are often linked to a specific type of hardware, or other low-level service. In the case of hardware, the specific subclass of drivers controlling physical or virtual hardware devices are known as device drivers.

Example
A client library for connecting to a database is often known as a driver, for example, the MySQL native driver for PHP.

References

Computing terminology
Application programming interfaces
Computer libraries
College of Advanced Technology, Roorkee. College of Advanced Technology (CAT) is an engineering college in Roorkee,  Uttarakhand, India. It is affiliated to Uttarakhand Board of School Education, Roorkee.

Campus 

The campus is spread over 5 acres of land. The CAT campus is home to it hundreds of full-time students from all over the region. It provides all the essential amenities of an urban campus.
Facilities include several labs, workshop, engineering drawing hall, computer lab, class room, library and canteen.

Departments and centres 

5 Departments in this institute:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering (Auto)
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics Engineering

Award in Uttarakhand 

The prestigious award of "Visionary of Uttarakhand" was presented to Mr. Ruchir Gupta (Chairman - College of Advanced Technology Roorkee) by Hon'able Chief Minister of Uttarakhand for this great contribution in Education.

References

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Uttarakhand
Education in Roorkee
Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing
Universities and colleges established in 2009
2009 establishments in Uttarakhand
Novares Group. The Novares Group is a French manufacturer of car parts. It was started in 1955 by Charles Manni, and was previously known as Mecaplast. Thierry Manni is chairman of the board, and the chief executive officer is Pierre Boulet. Mecaplast merged with Key Plastics in 2016, and in 2017 the combined firm changed its name to Novares.

History 

The company was started in 1955 by Charles Manni. 

During the financial crisis of 2007–2008 some workers were made redundant, and some plants were closed.

In August 2009 the company was nominated as a strategic supplier for PSA and Renault, and so benefitted from the Modernization Fund for Automobile Equipment Suppliers (FMEA) which increased the company’s capital by €55 million/33% stake.
The Chennai plant in India was opened on 3 June 2010. A factory was opened in Zrenjanin, Serbia, in 2012.

In 2016 a majority holding in the company was sold to Equistone Partners Europe, a private investment company. Later that year, Mecaplast acquired and merged with Key Plastics, an American car parts company. About a year later the combined operation was renamed Novares. In 2018 the group arranged for its shares to be floated on the Euronext Paris exchange, but the flotation was cancelled.

In March 2020 the company received a cash injection af €45 million from its stockholders Equistone and BPI Paris. In April of that year it went into receivership.

Figures 

Revenue in M€/Workforce

References 

Auto parts suppliers of France
Jack Liangjie Xu. Jack Liangjie Xu (), more commonly known as Jack Xu in English, is a Chinese software engineer, technology executive, and venture capitalist. He is the former Co-President and Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of SINA Corporation, the operator of Sina Weibo, the most influential social network in China.
He formerly worked as the Corporate Vice President for Cisco's Unified Communications business unit, Vice President of Engineering & Research at eBay, and CTO at NetEase.

Early life and education
Xu was born in Guangdong province of China. His father died when he was in his sophomore year of high school. He took the national college entrance examination a year early, and was accepted by Sun Yat-Sen University. After graduating with his B.A. and M.A., Xu went to the United States to pursue a PhD at the University of California Berkeley School of Information, where he was a member of Berkeley's Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Competition team.

Career
He began his career with Excite in 1996. In 1998, he began leading the development of the Excite search engine. From 2000 to 2002, Xu served as Chief Technology Officer at NetEase in Beijing, helping William Ding to promote the NetEase listed.

In October 2002, Xu returned to Silicon Valley.  He was appointed as eBay's Vice President of Engineering & Research and oversaw eBay search, listings and research labs. In 2006, Xu was inducted as an eBay Fellow.

In May 2008 CEO John Chambers recruited him as Cisco's corporate vice president.

In 2013, Xu was named to the position of chief technology officer and co-president of Sina Corporation.

In March 2015, Jack Xu and Jeff Xiong (former CTO of Tencent) launched their venture capital firm, Seven Seas Venture Partners, to invest in early-stage start-ups.

References

External links
2013 Commencement Speech at Sun Yat-Sen University (archive)
2006 eBay awarded Jack Xu as “eBay Fellow”
Jack Xu Weibo stream

Living people
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Businesspeople in information technology
Chief technology officers
Chinese computer scientists
Chinese software engineers
Chinese venture capitalists
Cisco people
eBay employees
Engineers from Guangdong
NetEase people
Sina Corp people
Sun Yat-sen University alumni
University of California, Berkeley School of Information alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Accretion (meteorology). Accretion is defined as the gradual collection of something over time.  In meteorology or atmospheric science it is the process of accumulation of frozen water as precipitation over time as it descends through the atmosphere, in particular when an ice crystal or snowflake hits a supercooled liquid droplet, which then freeze together, increasing the size of the water particle.  The collection of these particles eventually forms snow or hail in clouds and depending on lower atmosphere temperatures may become rain, sleet, or graupel. Accretion is the basis for cloud formation and can also be seen as water accumulates on the particulate matter and form jet contrails.  This is because water vapor in the air requires condensation nuclei to form large droplets of solid or liquid water.

See also 
 Icing (aeronautics)

References

Snow
Snow or ice weather phenomena
Water ice
Janet's Planet. Janet's Planet is an American educational children's television show hosted by Janet Ivey and her explorers. The show explores one topic per episode, such as "Mars", "Aviation", and "Microgravity". Janet's Planet originally aired on PBS and over 140 of its affiliated local public stations. The series aims to teach lessons about science to a preteen audience. The show has an appeal beyond the young audience by featuring national musical guests like Lord Huron and staples of classic children shows like puppets and animations. Janet's Planet also features engineers, designers, and makers like the designer of Lego's NASA Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover. The television program has grown into a touring live stage show and related merchandise. Janet's Planet DVDs and New Media are frequently used in schools as an education source especially for STEM lessons.

Production 
Janet's Planet 2014–2015 season is produced by PopCause LLC. The unique production company creates entertainment with a purpose.

Honors
Janet's Planet is a recipient of 12 Regional Emmys, 5 Gracie Allen Awards, and Buzz Aldrin ShareScience Foundation Ambassador.

Characters 
 Janet - Chief Scientist of Janet's Planet.
 Albert - the first ever monkey astronaut who on June 11, 1948, rode over 63 km (39 mi) on a V2 rocket. Albert had the honor of introducing Lord Huron as the musical guest for Janet's Planet. 
 Marsella - the friendliest Extraterrestrial life, also known as an Alien, from the planet Mars. Marsella is the expert on the planet Mars.

References 

2010s American children's television series
American television shows featuring puppetry
American children's education television series
American children's science fiction television series
American television series with live action and animation
Astronomy education television series
Coulombmeter. A Coulombmeter is a tool for measuring the electrostatic charge of a material.  A Coulombmeter is used in combination with a Faraday cup or a metal probe 
for taking charge measures of a material.

A Nanocoulombmeter is a Coulombmeter that is capable of measuring electrostatic charge down to the accuracy of  a fraction of a nanocoulomb (nC).

Electrostatic charge on an object can be measured by placing it into the Faraday 
Cup. The charge is transferred to the cup and displayed on the meter's display.  
The Faraday Cup of the Coulombmeter has an outer, grounded metal shield that 
surrounds an inner electrode.  The inner electrode, which is electrically isolated 
from the shield, is connected to a meter to measure the charge.

In the field of semiconductor design, a coulombmeter consists of a meter used in combination 
with a metal probe tip to pinpoint locations of excess charge on, for instance a semiconductor device.  This application of a coulombmeter is useful because electrostatic discharge is a leading cause of failure in semiconductor chip designs, and may occur during the fabrication, inspection, assembly, and other processes.  A coulombmeter allow this electrostatic buildup to 
be easily measured simply by applying the instrument's probe to its lead.

The coulombmeter was devised in 1984 for the Revised Nuffield Advanced Physics course.

Note: coulombmeter is typically written as a single word in order to avoid confusion with the measurement unit 'coulombs-meter' and also to make it easily searchable in scientific literature.

Detection of electron and ion beams

A nanocoulombmeter, in combination with a Faraday cup, can be used to detect and measure the beams emitted from electron guns and ion guns.

The Faraday cup consists of a shielded cup with an aperture, which collects the kinetically active electrons or ions, and an output wire, which is connected to a nanocoulombmeter. The Faraday cup can be completely separate from the gun, or it can be part of an assembly mounted to the end of the electron/ion gun and manipulated remotely.  Some Faraday cup assemblies include a phosphor screen as well.  An array of small Faraday cups or a Faraday cup on mounted on a linear manipulator can be used to measure the distribution of the beam current across the spot; this shows the beam uniformity.

References

Electrostatics
Electronic test equipment
Electrical test equipment
Electrical meters
Electronics work tools
Mosler Red 82X. The Mosler Red 82X is an experimental four cylinder, four stroke engine developed as a low cost replacement for older aircraft.

Design and development
A Red 82X was tested in April 1992 on a Luscombe 8A certified in the experimental-exhibition category.

Variants
Red 82X
Red 82DX
Dual ignition
Red 82LB
No ignition packaged

Specifications (Red 82X)

See also

References

1990s aircraft piston engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash. On October 3, 1946, an American Overseas Airlines (AOA) Douglas C-54 aircraft named Flagship New England crashed soon after take-off from Stephenville, Newfoundland, killing all 39 people on board.  It was, at the time, the deadliest aircraft crash on Newfoundland soil.

Aircraft and occupants
Flagship New England was a Douglas C-54E-5-DO military transport aircraft that had been converted to a Douglas DC-4 civilian airliner; and was registered N90904. It had first flown in 1945 and had logged a total of 3,731 flight hours during its career. On 24 October 1945, it was with Flagship New England that American Overseas Airlines (AOA) launched international flight services. On the accident flight, the aircraft carried thirty-one passengers and a crew of eight. Most of the passengers were wives and children of U.S. servicemen stationed in Allied-occupied Germany.

Flight and accident
At 12:14 PM EST on 2 October, Flagship New England departed New York-LaGuardia Airport for a transatlantic commercial flight to Berlin, with stops in Gander, Newfoundland and Shannon, Ireland. However, poor weather conditions at Gander forced the flight crew to land at Ernest Harmon Air Force Base in Stephenville, Newfoundland instead. In order to let the crew rest, the flight stopped at Stephenville for the next twelve hours.

At 4:45 AM on 3 October, Flagship New England left the gate and was initially cleared to depart from runway 30; however, apparently unfavorable wind conditions prompted Stephenville Air Traffic Control to clear it for runway 07 instead. Overcast skies blocked out light from the Moon and stars, rendering the terrain ahead unlit. Flights departing from runway 07 were supposed to make a right-hand turn immediately after take-off so as to avoid hilly terrain in line with the runway. However, the pilots of Flagship New England instead allowed the aircraft to continue going straight ahead after lifting off. At about 5:03 AM, some seven miles from the end of the runway, the aircraft hit a ridge at an elevation of about 1,160 feet and crashed, killing everyone on board.

Cause 
The investigation into the accident indicated the pilots' failure to change course, which led the aircraft across terrain over which sufficient clearance could not be gained, led to the crash.

References

External links
 Report of the Civil Aeronautics Board - PDF

1946 in Canada
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1946
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Aviation accidents and incidents in Canada
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
1940s in Newfoundland
1946 in North America
1946 in the British Empire
1946 disasters in Canada