omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FRD-903. FRD-903 (also known as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid, HFPO-DA, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid) is a chemical compound that is among the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). More specifically, this synthetic petrochemical is also described as a perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acid (PFECA) and a Fluorointermediate. It is not biodegradable and is not hydrolyzed by water.

Production 
The production process involves 2 molecules of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) to produce hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid fluoride (FRD-903). The ammonium salt of FRD-903 is FRD-902 (ammonium (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate)), which is the specific chemical which Chemours has trademarked as part of GenX process. FRD-903 is used as an aid within the manufacturing process for fluoropolymers by reducing the surface tension in the process, allowing polymer particles to increase in size. The process is completed with chemical treatment or heating to remove the FRD-903 from the final polymer product. It can then be recovered for re-use within the process.

Drinking water 
In 2020, Michigan adopted drinking water standards for five previously unregulated PFAS compounds including HFPO-DA which has a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 370 parts per trillion (ppt).

In March 2023, the EPA announced drinking water standards for several PFAS chemicals, which included FRD-903.

References

Perfluorocarboxylic acids
Ethers
Omsk Electromechanical Plant. Omsk Electromechanical Plant () is a company based in Omsk, Russia.

Founded in 1958, the Omsk Electromechanical Plant was originally an anchor company of the Ministry of Power Engineering and Electrification of Russia. The plant has specialized in electronic equipment for space and missile systems. In the early 1990s the plant has converted from military to civil production, with the result that its space- and defense-related business had reportedly declined to around 15 percent by early 1992.

As of September 1993, the plant was a state-owned enterprise; however, since 1993, it has been a joint-stock company.

Products 
The plant has offered the following civilian products:

 Inclination-turning tables for testing gyroscopic items; 
 low-frequency ultrasonic and electro-magnetic medical instruments; 
 components for metal-working equipment; 
 salting machines for meat processing; dough-kneading machines; 
 electro-stimulators for farm animals; 
 modems; 
 stepping motors; 
 automobile and household vacuum cleaners; 
 table toys for children; 
 "Mercury" stereo systems; 
 tape recorders; 
 household cooking equipment.

The plant has also offered the following military products:

 Electronic and electromechanical components for spacecraft guidance systems, 
 ballistic missile components.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Omsk
Ministry of General Machine-Building (Soviet Union)
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Electronics companies of the Soviet Union
Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant. Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant () is a company based in Novosibirsk, Russia. It is part of TVEL (Rosatom group).

The Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant (Khimkontsentrat) is a nuclear-related facility involved in the processing of uranium and other materials, and in reactor fuel fabrication.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies based in Novosibirsk
Kalininsky City District, Novosibirsk
Rosatom
Ministry of Medium Machine Building
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union
NPP Start. NPP Start - Start Machine-Building Design Bureau () is a company based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is part of the Technodinamika holding (Rostec group).

The Start Machine Building Design Bureau was a leading center for the design of launchers and ground support equipment for missiles and aircraft. The plant began to transition to civil production after the RK-55 (SSC-X-4) cruise missile, for which Start designed the launchers, was eliminated under the INF Treaty in the late 1980s.

Today, Start offers a wide range of military and civilian products and services. Civil products include aircraft body parts, aviation fueling equipment, food processing equipment, conveyor machinery, and sports equipment. Services include rocket test facilities and waste recycling. Start is affiliated with the Scientific Research Institute of Machine Building in Nizhnyaya Salda.

Products

Military products 

 multiple launch rocket launchers;
 air defense and missile defense launchers;
 shipboard missile launchers;
 aviation missile launchers and ejection launchers;
 missile ground handling systems;
 transport, loading and transport-loading vehicles for anti-aircraft missile systems "Tor", "BUK", "S-300", "S-400".

Civilian products 

 Satchel fire extinguisher "Rosa";
 The fire module "Spas" is designed for voluntary fire protection in rural settlements, cottage construction cooperatives, horticultural associations.

Directors 
CEO - Chernov Nikolay Sergeevich.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies based in Yekaterinburg
Technodinamika
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Ministry of General Machine-Building (Soviet Union)
Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Elektronika Central Scientific Research Institute. Elektronika Central Scientific Research Institute () is a company based in Moscow, Russia. It is part of the Rostec holding.

Elektronika is responsible for providing information services to the electronics industry, as well as services involving the operation of control instruments and equipment for technological processes, laboratory equipment, measuring devices, and computer facilities. It also produces a variety of lasers and emitters.

Operation 
The main activities of the Institute:

 Preparation of information and analytical materials on the actual financial, economic and resource provision of organizations of the radio-electronic complex.
 Coordination and development of investment activities. The Institute has created a database of investment projects designed to be implemented with the involvement of both domestic and foreign partners and investors.
 Development of proposals for the integration of domestic radio electronics into the global economy, identification of ways to further develop competitive electronic products.
 Development of the direction for the creation of an industrial intellectual property fund.

The Institute is the lead developer organization of the "Strategy for the Development of the Electronic industry" until 2025, approved at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Program "Development of the Electronic and Radioelectronic Industry until 2025", as well as the Concept and the federal target program "Development of electronic component base and Radio electronics" for 2008-2015, approved by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 26, 2007 No.809.

References

External links
 Official website

Research institutes in Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Rostec
Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Soviet Union)
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1964
1964 establishments in the Soviet Union
Cryogenmash. Kriogenmash Scientific Production Association () is a company based in Balashikha, Russia. It was involved in the manufacturing of cryogenic fuel components in Soviet and Russian missiles, from the R-1 missile to the Sea Launch project.

History
In 1939, Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa developed a method of liquefying large quantities of oxygen using a relatively simple technique. In 1943 he was involved in the creation of "Glavkislorod" (main oxygen), which subsequently evolved into the Kriogenmash Scientific Production Association.

Kriogenmash consists of a design bureau and collocated production facility at Balashikha in Moscow Oblast that specializes in the design and production of equipment for the production of cryogenic gases. The bulk of this equipment is delivered to metallurgical plants throughout the former Soviet Union.

Kriogenmash has supplied cryogenic equipment to the Buran space program and to the Russian aviation industry. The cryogenic equipment for the Tokamak-15 thermonuclear complex was designed and built by Kriogenmash. An experimental complex designed to supply gas to villages located far from mainline piping is one of the Association's current projects. Kitchen sinks, thermos flasks, tableware and automobile exhausts are also among the products of the association.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
Uralmash-Izhora Group
Ministry of Chemical Machine-Building (Soviet Union)
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
National Portland Cement Limited tramway. The National Portland Cement Limited tramway was a 2ft gauge rail line that served the cement works at Darlington on Maria Island in Tasmania from 1923 to July 1930.

The line connected three quarries (one at Fossil Cliffs on the east coast of the island and two smaller quarries further inland) with both the cement works at Darlington and the new jetty built specifically for the cement works.  The tramway was used to bring limestone from the quarries to the works, coal from the jetty to the powerplant and cement kiln, and to take bagged cement from the works to the jetty for shipping. At least 32 4-wheel side-tipping hopper wagons were used.

Two locomotives were used on the line:

The cement works proved unprofitable due to poor quality limestone, transport costs from the island, and the economic effects of the Great Depression. It closed in July 1930 and most of the equipment was shipped to Port Fairy in Victoria.

References 

Closed railway lines in Tasmania
Railway lines closed in 1930
Railway lines opened in 1923
1923 establishments in Australia
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Of Electromechanics (VNIIEM) () is a research institute based in Moscow, Russia. It is currently a Roscosmos subsidiary.

VNIIEM designs and builds automated satellites for ecological, geological, meteorological observation. It developed the Meteor and Resurs-O series of satellites and operates them in concert with the Planeta Design Bureau. VNIIEM developed the Geosynchronous Orbit Meteorological Satellite. In addition, the institute has developed the control and navigation systems, as well as analog computers, used on meteorological satellites. Andronik Iosifyan was the first director of VNIIEM.

References

External links
 Official website

Research institutes in Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Roscosmos divisions and subsidiaries
Ministry of the Electrical Equipment Industry (Soviet Union)
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
1941 establishments in the Soviet Union
Soviet and Russian space institutions
Electronics companies established in 1941
Research institutes established in 1941
Antey Concern. Antey Concern () was a defense industry company based in Moscow, Russia. In 2002 it was merged with NPO Almaz to form Almaz-Antey.

The Antey Concern specialized in the production of high-performance surface-to-air missile systems and sophisticated radio-engineering products. Antey produced the S-300V (SA-12) long-range anti-aircraft, anti-missile system and the Tor (SA-15) short-range battlefield system. Antey also specialized in the development and production of commercial refrigeration equipment, domestic radio electronic devices, and consumer goods. 

The Concern comprised two scientific research institutes and several large plants, including the Scientific Research Institute of Electromechanics (NIIEhM) and a machinery production plant in Volzhsk (Volzhskprodmash) that specialized in a wide range of refrigeration installations. Antey also reportedly included a co-located plant that produced printed circuits and other electronic products on an experimental scale.

History 
NPO Antey at the time of its creation in 1983 consisted of three enterprises:

 Scientific Research Electromechanical Institute (Moscow)
 Strela Research Institute (Tula)
 Arsenal Plant (Tula)

In 1988 the NPO Antey already included nine enterprises, including the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant and the Mari Machine-Building Plant.

In 1991 due to changes in legislation the NPO Antey was transformed into the Antey Concern.

By Decree of the Government of Russia dated December 01, 1994 No.1309, on the basis of the Antey Concern, it was created OJSC Industrial company Antey Concern with the consolidation of 100% of its shares in federal ownership. The group already consisted of fifteen enterprises.

В 2002 году была начата реализация ФЦП «Реформирование и развитие оборонно-промышленного комплекса (2002—2006 годы)», в основу которой положено образование вертикально-интегрированных структур из числа предприятий оборонно-промышленного комплекса России.

In 2002,the Federal Target Program "Reforming and Development of the military-industrial complex (2002-2006)" was launched, which is based on the formation of vertically integrated structures from among the enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.412 dated April 23, 2002, JSC Industrial Company Concern Antey was further expanded by merging with NPO Almaz and other enterprises and renamed Almaz-Antey Corporation. It includes forty-six industrial and research enterprises and organizations.

References

Defence companies of Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Almaz-Antey
Defunct companies of Russia
Ministry of Radio Industry (Soviet Union)
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau. Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau () is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It operates as part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation.

Almaz is renowned as a leading designer of high-speed combat ships and boats, specializing in dynamically supported craft such as hydrofoils, hovercraft, and surface-effect ships. The company has designed various notable vessels, including the Dergach missile air cushion vehicle, the Nanuchka and Tarantul-class missile corvettes, the Matka-class missile hydrofoil, the Pauk-class anti-submarine warfare vessel, and the Pomornik-class air cushion vehicle.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Saint Petersburg
Russian brands
United Shipbuilding Corporation
Ministry of the Shipbuilding Industry (Soviet Union)
Design bureaus
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
JSC Star. JSC Star (), formerly Perm Kalinin Component Production Association, is a company based in Perm, Russia. It is part of United Engine Corporation.

JSC Star produces aircraft engine fuel systems and other components for military and civilian aircraft.

References

External links
 Official website

Aircraft engine manufacturers of Russia
Companies based in Perm, Russia
United Engine Corporation
Ministry of the Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)
Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Salyut Machine-Building Association. Salyut Machine-Building Production Association () is a company based in Moscow, Russia. NPC Salyut have three plants and office with further plants outside Moscow city. It is a subsidiary of United Engine Corporation.

Salyut is a leading commercial and military aircraft engine production association. Aircraft engine repairs and diagnostic services are also provided. Under conversion programs, Salyut produces a variety of commercial machinery and small engines.

Salyut manufactured the AL-21F turbofan engine for the Su-24 Fencer and the AL-31F engine for the Su-27 Flanker.

History
The factory was established in 1912 as a subsidiary of the French engine manufacturer Gnome et Rhône. In 1941 the factory was evacuated to Samara, eventually becoming JSC Kuznetsov. Engine production at the Moscow site was restored by July 1942. Since the 1980s, the main activity of the company is the production of turboshaft engines for various purposes.

Subsidiaries
 Naro Fominsk Motor Plant
 Perm Motor Plant
 Ufa UMPO plants
 Omsk OMKB
 Tyumen Motor Plant
 MMP Chernyshev, TMKB Soyuz (Tushino)
 MKB Sojuz (Turaevo), LMZ ODK

Products

 RD-33 versions
 TV1 TV3 TV7 VK Klimov engines
 AL-31 31F40 31FM1 31FM2, 41F1 41F117, AL-21 for Su-24
 AI-222 versions main AI222-25 for Yak-130, AI-22 AI-25 AI-28 Lotarev DV-2 RD-35 and others
 Progress D-27 Propfan along Aerosila
 Progress D-436 D-436T 148
 GTD-16S and GTU-20S Gas Turbine
 ST-100 (AI-222-25), SM-100
 Gas Turbines (various)
 GTD-20/12DTs 20 MW
 GTU-89ST-20 20 MW along MKB Granit
 Marine GTUs
 AMNTK Sojuz
 R179V-300 AMNTK, R79V-300
 R-179TV1 medium heavy cargo aircraft D-18 engine class
 GTD30-300 30 MW naval R179V
 R-579-300 >110 >190 KN

Production history
 AL-31F Lyulka 1984 for Su-27
 AL-21F Lyulka 1972 on Su 17 20 22 and for Su-24
 R-15B-300 Tumansky for MiG-25 1962
 AL-7F1 Lyulka 1955
 1950 turbojet VK-1 VK1A Klimov
 1948 turbojet RD-45 and RD-45F
 1947 turbojet TR-1 Lyulka

References

External links

 Official website 

United Engine Corporation
Aircraft engine manufacturers of Russia
Aircraft engine manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Gas turbine manufacturers
Marine engine manufacturers
Companies based in Moscow
Companies nationalised by the Soviet Union
Ministry of the Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)
Engine manufacturers of Russia
NPO Orion. Orion Scientific Production Association () is a company based in Moscow, Russia. It is part of the Shvabe Holding (Rostec group).

The Orion Scientific Production Association in Moscow is a major designer, developer, and manufacturer of high technology military and aerospace electronics. It also produces special electronics for the space industry, which are used in both space launchers and satellites. In 1991, Orion entered into an agreement with a Russian-French joint venture radio station to produce commercial stereo receivers.

Scientific activities and awards 
The works of NPO Orion JSC were awarded with Stalin, Lenin, State Prizes and prizes of the Government of the USSR and Russia., 48 employees of the enterprise became laureates. The activities, devices and developments of NPO Orion JSC have received awards from international scientific societies, symposiums, exhibitions and salons of innovations in Russia, the USA, Germany, Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Belgium, China, South Korea and Colombia.

References

External links

Electronics companies of Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Shvabe Holding
Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union)
Electronics companies of the Soviet Union
Arsenal Machine-Building Plant. Arsenal Machine-Building Plant () is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Historically, a major producer of artillery, the Arsenal Production Association also produces a variety of complex mechanical equipment, such as compressor stations, refrigeration and gas equipment, extrusion machines, and satellite platforms. It is collocated with the Arsenal Design Bureau. It is composed of 5 separate administrative entities: two civilian production operations, a military production operation, a technical support facility, and a commercial center.

Products
 100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)
 AK-100 (naval gun)
 AK-130
 AK-257
 R-31 (missile)
 RT-2
 SS-14 Scapegoat

References

External links
 Official website

Mechanical engineering companies of Russia
Companies based in Saint Petersburg
Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange
Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union)
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Gidroagregat. Gidroagregat (), formerly Pavlovo Kadyshev Mechanical Plant, is a company based in Pavlovo, Russia. In 2017 the company had revenues of 4.8 billion rubles ($ million).

The Pavlovo Kadyshev Mechanical Plant specializes in the series manufacture of hydraulic drive units and control systems for airplanes, helicopters, distribution mechanisms and devices, high-speed DC motors, gas batteries and cylinders and other equipment.

References

External links
 Official website

Manufacturing companies of Russia
Companies based in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Aerospace companies of Russia
Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Ministry of the Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)
Aircraft component manufacturers of the Soviet Union
NPP Istok. Istok State Scientific Production () is a company (scientific production association) based in Fryazino, Russia. It is part of the Ruselectronics group. 

Istok is a major producer of electronic components for space and military use, including magnetrons, klystrons, high-powered vacuum tubes, carbon dioxide lasers, electro-optical devices. It has also developed and manufactured consumer products for the national economy since the 1960s.

For 2020, the company implemented the IIoT.ISTOK Industrial Internet of Things system, which monitors technical processes

Directors 

 Vekshinsky Sergey Arkadyevich (from 1943 to 1944)

 Egiazarov Vladimir Ivanovich (from 1944 to 1945)
 Zakharov Andrey Andreevich (from 1945 to 1947)
 Goltsov Valentin Alexandrovich (from 1947 to 1952)
 Fedorov Mstislav Mikhailovich (from 1953 to 1961)
 Rebrov Sergey Ivanovich (from 1956 to 1988)
 Korolev Alexandr Nikolaevich (from 1988 to 2009)
 Borisov Alexandr Anatolyevich (from 2009 to 2020(?))

References

External links
 Official website

Electronics companies of Russia
Ruselectronics
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
Electronics companies of the Soviet Union
Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Soviet Union)
Krasny Oktyabr (engine plant). Krasny Oktyabr Machine-Building Enterprise () is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The Red October Machine-Building Enterprise is a major producer of helicopter engines and components, as well as being the only producer of helicopter engine transmissions in the former USSR. It also has produced fighter jet engines and rocket engines.

References

External links
 Official website

Aircraft engine manufacturers of Russia
Companies based in Saint Petersburg
Ministry of the Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)
Aircraft engine manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Turboshaft engine manufacturers
ELEMASH Machine-Building Plant. The JSC ELEMASH Machine-Building Plant (, Plant No. 12) is a company based in Elektrostal, Russia. It is part of TVEL (Rosatom group).

Before and during World War II, the Elektrostal plant produced bombs and other munitions. After the war, it produced pure uranium for use in nuclear weapons and it also produced fuel elements for nuclear power plants.

See also
UEC-Perm Engines

References

External links
 

1917 establishments in Russia
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
Energy companies established in 1917
Manufacturing companies of Russia
Ministry of Medium Machine Building
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Rosatom
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Nuclear technology in the Soviet Union
Lyubertsy Soyuz Science Production Association. The Federal center for dual-use technologies "Soyuz" (before: Lyubertsy Soyuz Science Production Association) () is a research, development and production facility for both double-base and composite solid propellant rockets. It is based in Dzerzhinsk, Russia.

The Lyubertsy Soyuz Science and Production Association (LNPO Soyuz) is located near the site of the historic Nikolo-Ugreshkiy Monastery in the small city of Dzerzhinsk southeast of the Moscow Ring Road. In addition to offering solid rocket motors for civilian applications, LNPO Soyuz is commercially expanding based on its solid rocket propellant technology and a large variety of polymer products.

References

External links
 Official website

Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
Federal State Unitary Enterprises of Russia
Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union)
Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
Engine manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Research institutes in the Soviet Union