omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Salisbury Municipal Incinerator. The Salisbury Municipal Incinerator was a waste management system built for handling municipal waste in Salisbury, Maryland, United States. It burned trash at high temperatures, releasing toxic gasses into the atmosphere and the community. In response to increased awareness of environmental impacts, the city demolished the Incinerator and now uses other modern waste management methods.

History 

The Salisbury Municipal Incinerator construction project started in 1949 and was estimated to be fully completed by September 1950. The Incinerator was a three-story structure that cost an estimated $261,000 to build. The project was commissioned due to the need for the city of Salisbury, Maryland to have a method for city-wide waste management. The city incinerator later closed down circa the 1960s. There were initial talks of turning it into a museum. Still, the site was later demolished, and the City of Salisbury Police Department was built there. The site was located on Delaware Avenue near the intersection with Route 50.

Environmental factors caused by incinerators 
After its closure, Maryland state law required 23 counties to conform to a waste management plan to handle city waste better. Salisbury's solution for this state mandate was to build a landfill to handle city waste. The Environmental Service Commission spearheaded the project. The landfill project, though completed, faced several issues due to heavy rainfall and flooding, so it had to be closed until after the inclement weather. In November 1992, the Salisbury City Council was quoted an estimated cost of $16 million - $20 million to build a more extensive and efficient landfill. Waste materials dumped into landfills release toxic gasses such as methane, ammonia, sulfides, and carbon dioxide, which can contribute to climate change. In 1963, the clean air act initiated the development of a national program to reduce air pollution and protect people's public health and welfare. The 1967 Clean Air Act permitted the enforcement of regulations that impacted waste management services like the Salisbury Municipal incinerator.

Present day 

The Wicomico County, Maryland Solid Waste Division is now a complex that houses buildings of various functions to enable equipment storage and a physical workplace for employees. Sixty employees work at the landfill to run its day-to-day operations, including landfill, dredging operations, and recycling. To efficiently manage daily operations, the workers utilize 85 pieces of equipment to complete daily tasks. For utmost efficiency, some of the work is contracted out when necessary. In partnership with Ingenco Wholesale Power LLC (now Archaea Energy), the Wicomico Solid Waste Division manages its landfill methane emissions by converting it to renewable energy to heat homes and businesses.

References 

Incinerators
Waste management in the United States
Buildings and structures in Maryland
Landfills
Methane
Renewable energy
Recycling
Salisbury, Maryland
Redox switch. In chemistry, a redox switch is a molecular device, which has two subunits, a functional component and a control component.  The "control subunit" is redox-active, meaning that it can exist in either of two redox states.  The "functional" component could have a variety of readouts, such as fluorescence, the binding of a substrate, or catalytic activity.  The key feature of such redox switches is that the functional component is influenced by the control subunit.  One of many examples of a redox switch consists of an anthracene substituent to a copper-thiacrown ether (14-ane-4) coordination complex.  When in the cupric oxidation state, the anthracene does not fluoresce.  When in the cuprous state, the assembly is highly fluorescent.  Several redox switches have been produced from ferrocenecarboxylic acid, which can be conjugated to a number of functional components.  1,1'-Diaminoferrocene has been incorporated into various diamide and diimine ligands, which form catalysts that exhibit redox switching.

References

Switches
Jenna Jambeck. Jenna Jambeck (born 1974) an American environmental engineer who is the Georgia Athletic Association Distinguished Professor of Environmental Engineering at the University of Georgia. Her research considers plastic pollution and efforts to address plastic waste. In 2022, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

Early life and education 
Jambeck grew up in Pine City, Minnesota and graduated from Pine City High School.  Jambeck was an undergraduate student at the University of Florida.  She majored in environmental engineering, before starting a masters, then doctorate. During her doctoral research on CCA-treated wood, Jambeck worked alongside Debra Reinhardt and Helena Solo-Gabriele. In 2004, she started a United States Environmental Protection Agency postdoctoral fellowship in Florida.

Research and career 
Jambeck was made an assistant professor at the University of Georgia in 2005. She was promoted to associate professor in 2015, and became the Georgia Athletic Association Distinguished Professor of Environmental Engineering in 2020.

In 2001, Jambeck started working on marine debris, the solid plastic waste that accumulates in the shorelines of waterways. In 2014, Jambeck went on an ocean expedition with fourteen women scientists to better understand ocean plastics. The mission, "eXXpedition", looked to advance understanding of microplastics and their impact on environmental and human health.

Jambeck created debris tracker, an app that allows members of the public to monitor plastic pollution. The app, which started to track marine debris, was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Based on data collected by this app, in 2015 Jambeck estimated that there was over 8 million metric tons of plastic entering the ocean every year.

Jambeck was made a National Geographic Fellow in 2018. She looked to created standardized methods to characterize the factors which cause plastic waste leakage in the environment. These frameworks should provide strategies to prevent the potentially harmful side effects of plastic pollution. Alongside her work on plastic waste, Jambeck is interested in creating a circular economy. She developed the Circularity Assessment Protocol, CAP, which includes plastics manufacturers, users and people who are involved with waste management. The CAP was used by people in Miami to develop regulations to keep debris out of the water.

In 2022, Jambeck was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.

Selected publications

References 

Living people
1974 births
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
Environmental engineers
MacArthur Fellows
University of Florida alumni
University of Georgia faculty
Leon S. Peters. Leon S. Peters was a businessman, licensed engineer, and philanthropist in California's San Joaquin Valley. Peters was born in 1905 in the city of Fowler, California to Samuel and Lily Peters who were Armenian immigrants from Bitlis. Between 1926 and 1929 Peters worked for his uncle's grape packing business  where he would be recruited as a salesman for Valley Foundry and Machine Works. In 1940 Peters purchased the company from its owners. During World War II Peters became the president of the Central California War Industries company which was later awarded the Army-Navy E award. After the war he continued his role in manufacturing as President of Valley Foundry and Machine Works and became known for helping raise money for the expansion California State University, Fresno and the Community Medical Center. Known for being active in the local community Peters was a member of the Fresno Chamber of Commerce, Masons, and Rotary; in 1955 he founded the Leon S Peters Foundation.

Honorary degrees 
In 1996 Leon Peters was posthumously awarded an honorary doctorate from California State University, Fresno.

San Joaquin College of Law awarded an honorary Juris Doctor.

References 

Ethnic Armenian businesspeople
1905 births
1983 deaths
People from Fresno County, California
American Freemasons
Directional freezing. Directional freezing freezes from only one direction.

Directional freezing can freeze water, from only one direction or side of a container, into clear ice.

Directional freezing in a domestic freezer can be done by putting water in a insulated container so that the water freezes from the top down, and removing before fully frozen, so that the minerals in the water are not frozen.

F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Roche Diagnostics GmbH has a 2017 directional freezing patent for drying solid material.

See also
 Aquamelt
 Clear ice
 Hydrogel
 Freeze-casting§Static vs. dynamic freezing profiles
 Molecular self-assembly

Further reading

References 

Phase transitions
Cryobiology
Molecular physics
Intermolecular forces
Nanotechnology
611 (disambiguation). 611 or variation may refer to:

In general
 611 (number), a number in the 600s range

Time
 611 AD, a year in the Common Era
 611 BC, a year Before the Common Era

Places
 Route 611, see List of highways numbered 611
 611 Place, a skyscraper in Los Angeles, California, USA
 611 Valeria, an asteroid in our Solar System, the 611th asteroid registered

Transportation
 Flight 611 (disambiguation)
 Project 611, a Soviet submarine class
 London Buses route 611, London, England, UK

Rail
 Caledonian Railway 611 class, a saddle-tank steam locomotive class
 CIE 611 Class, a German locomotive train class
 DB Class 611, a diesel multiple unit train class
 JŽ series 611, a diesel multiple unit train class

Other uses
 6-1-1, an N-1-1 number in North America 
 611 socket, a modular phone jack in Australia

See also

 
 61 (disambiguation)
Dighi Port. Dighi Port is a sea port in Maharashtra, India, on the eastern coast of the Arabian Sea,  from the Mumbai port. The port is operated by Adani Ports & SEZ.

History
In 2014, IL&FS Engineering and Construction Company bagged a contract worth Rs 179.84 crore for development of multipurpose berth at the Dighi Port.IL&FS Maritime Infrastructure, valued at Rs 179.84 crore for engineering, procurement, and construction of multipurpose berth, backup yard development, and utilities of multipurpose terminal with 5 berths.

In 2018, Dighi Port Ltd, jointly promoted by Balaji Infra Projects Ltd and IL&FS Ltd, owes ₹30 crore to DBM Geotechnics to construct multi-purpose berths 1 and 2 at Dighi and berth No 3.It marks the first instance of a port being hauled to the NCLT. The board of trustees of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) has approved a plan to bid for debt-laden Dighi Port Ltd, which is facing insolvency proceedings.

Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (Adani Ports & SEZ) completed the acquisition of Dighi Port Limited on 15 February 2021 for Rs 705 crore. Dighi Port is undergoing massive expansion, almost three times its current size.

Dighi Port Industrial Area
The Dighi Port Industrial Area (DPIA) project, spread over 5,024 hectares in Raigad district. The ₹7360.46-crore DPIA project is expected to be developed alongside the port expansion, and will be a major node of the proposed Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC).The DPIA site is strategically located adjacent to the Mumbai-Goa National Highway, the Pune-Kolad Highway, and the Pune-Harihareshwar Highway. It is about 117 km from Mumbai, and 26 km east of Dighi Port. The industrial complex is likely to cater to engineering, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries.

References

External links
Official site

Ports and harbours of Maharashtra
Economy of Maharashtra
Adani Group
Howard Newton (engineer). Alfred Howard Vincent Newton (13 January 1852 – 27 July 1897) was the Assistant Engineer to the Singapore Municipality from 1877 to 1896, and later Acting Deputy Executive Engineer for Waterworks of Bombay.

Early life and education
Newton was born on 13 January 1852 in London as the fourth son of civil engineer William Edward Newton. He was educated at King's College London, where he won the Daniell Chemical Scholarship. After attending the school, he was articled by his father.

Career
He was employed by Henry Young Darracott Scott to carry out experiments in connection with sewage works at Leeds, Bolton and Nottingham.

He was appointed the Assistant Engineer to the Singapore Municipality in 1877. Then Governor of the Straits Settlements Frederick Weld strongly supported his candidature for the post. He was made an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 6 April 1880. Due to the declining health and later death of fellow municipal engineer James MacRitchie, he had to carry on work single-handed. He erected various iron and steel bridges, water-supply buildings, public buildings and drainage and reclamation works on the island and designed bridges for private firms. He studied bridge construction and the testing of materials at the University of Sydney for six months in 1896 while on leave.

In 1896, he was selected for the post of Acting Deputy Executive Engineer for Waterworks of Bombay, after which he was succeeded by Samuel Tomlinson, who was previously the Water Engineer of Bombay. He sailed for Bombay on 25 August. He was made a full member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 2 March 1897.

Personal life and death
Newton was married to Elizabeth Newton. They had four children. His eldest daughter, Maude, married William Joseph Mayson on 1 November 1906. It was suggested that the strain of handling the work meant for both him and MacRitchie following the latter's decline in health caused Newton's own health to deteriorate. Newton died from cholera on 27 July 1897 after having developed symptoms of cholera the day prior.

Legacy
Newton Circus, originally known as Syed Ali Road, was renamed after Newton to avoid confusion with Syed Alwi Road.

References

1852 births
1897 deaths
British people in British Malaya
British people in colonial India
Engineers from London
Alumni of King's College London
English civil engineers
Guan Qing. Guan Qing (; August 1964 – 6 March 2020) was a Chinese business executive and politician who served as chairman of China State Construction Engineering from 2015 to 2019. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography 
Guan was born in Chengdu, Sichuan, in August 1964. He attended Hunan University where he received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering in 1985. After completing his master's degree in thermal engineering from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in 1990, he attended Southwest Jiaotong University where he obtained his doctor's degree in management science and engineering in 2008.

Guan joined the China Southwest Architectural Design and Research Institute () in January 1995, where he was promoted to vice president in 1998 and to president in 2003. He was named a deputy governor of China State Construction Engineering in 2008. He moved up the ranks to become general manager in April 2011 and chairman in May 2015. In October 2017, he became an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In September 2019, he was removed from public office due to illness.

On 6 March 2020, he died from brain tumor in Beijing, at the age of 55.

References 

1964 births
2020 deaths
Politicians from Chengdu
Hunan University alumni
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics alumni
Southwest Jiaotong University alumni
People's Republic of China politicians from Sichuan
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Sichuan
Businesspeople from Sichuan
Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Deaths from brain tumor
Angus J. Wilkinson. Angus J. Wilkinson is a professor of materials science based at the Department of Materials, University of Oxford. He is a specialist in micromechanics, electron microscopy and crystal plasticity. He assists in overseeing the MicroMechanics group while focusing on the fundamentals of material deformation. He developed the HR-EBSD method for mapping stress and dislocation density at high spatial resolution used at the micron scale in mechanical testing  and micro-cantilevers to extract data on mechanical properties that are relevant to materials engineering.

Selected publications 

 Wilkinson AJ, Meaden G, Dingley DJ. High-resolution elastic strain measurement from electron backscatter diffraction patterns: New levels of sensitivity. Ultramicroscopy 2006;106:307–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.10.001.
 Wilkinson AJ, Hirsch PB. Electron diffraction based techniques in scanning electron microscopy of bulk materials. Micron 1997;28:279–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-4328(97)00032-2.
 Wilkinson AJ, Britton T. Strains, planes, and EBSD in materials science. Materials Today 2012;15:366–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(12)70163-3.
 Wilkinson AJ, Randman D. Determination of elastic strain fields and geometrically necessary dislocation distributions near nanoindents using electron back scatter diffraction. Philosophical Magazine 2010;90:1159–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786430903304145.
 Guo Y, Britton TB, Wilkinson AJ. Slip band–grain boundary interactions in commercial-purity titanium. Acta Mater 2014;76:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2014.05.015.
 Britton TB, Wilkinson AJ. High resolution electron backscatter diffraction measurements of elastic strain variations in the presence of larger lattice rotations. Ultramicroscopy 2012;114:82–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2012.01.004.
 Zhai T, Wilkinson AJ, Martin JW. A crystallographic mechanism for fatigue crack propagation through grain boundaries. Acta Mater 2000;48:4917–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00214-7.

See also 

 Department of Materials, University of Oxford
 Electron backscatter diffraction
 Ultramicroscopy

References

External links 
 Angus Wilkinson at Department of Materials, University of Oxford
 
 Angus Wilkinson at Research.com.

Living people
Microscopists
Academics of the University of Oxford
British materials scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Metallurgists
Cecilia Richards. Cecilia Dianne (Cill) Richards is a retired Canadian and American mechanical engineer, known for her work on small-scale heat engines and on microelectromechanical systems. She is a professor emerita at Washington State University.

Education and career
Richards majored in mathematics at the University of British Columbia, graduating in 1977. After graduation, she began working on solar energy with professors at the university, inspiring her interest in engineering. She continued at the university for a second bachelor's in mechanical engineering in 1981.

While working in industry as an engineer in Vancouver and Southern California from 1981 to 1986, she earned a master's degree in mechanical engineering through the University of British Columbia in 1985. Next, she entered doctoral study at the University of California, Irvine, completing her doctorate in 1990, under the supervision of Scott Samuelsen. She became the first woman to earn a doctorate in mechanical engineering there.

After postdoctoral research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Richards joined the Washington State University faculty as an assistant professor of mechanical and materials engineering in 1992. She was tenured as an associate professor in 1998 and promoted to full professor in 2005.

Recognition
Richards was named as an ASME Fellow in 2014. In 2022 the Henry Samueli School of Engineering at the University of California, Irvine named her to its alumni hall of fame.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Canadian mechanical engineers
Canadian women engineers
University of British Columbia alumni
University of California, Irvine alumni
Washington State University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Jaigad Port. Jaigad Port also officially known as JSW Jaigarh Port is a sea port in Jaigad, Maharashtra, on the eastern coast of the Arabian Sea. The port is operated by JSW Infrastructure. It is Maharashtra's first deep water and all-weather port for berthing of capsized ships. The port offers specialised services for dry bulk and liquid cargo. As of 2021, the port has a cargo handling capacity of .

Background
JSW Energy started construction of a 1200 MW thermal power plant (known as the Ratnagiri Power Plant) at Jaigad in the Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, in the early 2000s. The thermal power plant was commissioned in 2007. The Jaigad port (JSW) was established in 2006 to support the coal import requirements directly adjacent to the thermal power plant. The port was officially inaugurated in August 2009. All of the coal for JSW Energy thermal power plant is supplied by Jaigad Port.

Operations
Jaigad Port has a handling capacity of  per year and 7 berths, of which all berths are operational. The total quay length is 1.91 kilometres (18.54 mi), and the depths 18.5 meters. These characteristics are comparable with those offered by the most important international ports, allowing the accommodation of tankers with a capacity of 3,40,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT) and bulkcarriers of 2,00,000 DWT.

Statistics
In the fiscal year 2019, Jaigad Port handled  of cargo. This is significantly higher than  of cargo it handled in 2018.

See also 
 Jaigad Village
 Jaigad Fort
 Sangameshwar
 Ports in India

References

External links
Official site

Ports and harbours of Maharashtra
Economy of Maharashtra
Renovate Switzerland. Renovate Switzerland is a Swiss civil resistance campaign launched in April 2022 which uses non-violent actions as a means to pressure the Swiss Federal Council to implement a national plan to insulate one million homes by 2040, in order to address the issues of climate change and the energy crisis.  It is part of an international network of civil resistance campaigns, with similar actions taking place in Germany, Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. These different campaigns share similar tactics, but focus on demands that are specific to their national context. Several of them do however focus on the issue of the energy consumption of buildings.

Renovate Switzerland had initially sent a letter exposing their demands to the President of the Swiss Confederation Simonetta Sommaruga, however the response  they received fell short of their expectations. After four roadblocks in April 2022, the campaign entered a new action phase in October 2022.  Co-author of the UN  IPCC report Julia Steinberger participated to a roadblock  in Bern on October 11, and glued her hand to the asphalt alongside five other people. 

Most of Renovate Switzerland's actions involve roadblocks of major Swiss motorways and roads. While their actions are generally considered  illegal, they are supported by some politicians such as  Swiss Green Party Léonore Porchet,  who views civil disobedience to be legitimate given the urgency of the climate crisis.

Controversies 
The logo of Renovate Switzerland is suspected to infringe on the Rivella drink logo trademark, and the company said they are considering legal action. Due to this situation, Renovate Switzerland has changed its corporate design.

References 

Climate change organizations
Climate change protests
Radical environmentalism
Direct action
Environmental organisations based in Switzerland
Political organisations based in Switzerland
Bannan Center. The Thomas J. Bannan Center for Science and Engineering, or simply Bannan Center, is a building complex on the Seattle University campus, in the U.S. state of Washington. The building has separate wings for engineering and science. Previously, the two fields were housed in separate buildings called the Engineering Building and the Thomas J. Bannan Center, which have since been joined.

The building houses Bannan Auditorium and Wyckoff Auditorium.

References

Seattle University buildings