omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BSK Defense. BSK Defense was the successor of Velos O.E., a company established in 1982, producing a series of aerial target and aerial observation products used by foreign companies and armed forces. The current company was founded in Chania, Crete, in 2008. It focused on design, development and production of defense systems, including UAVs (Phaeton, Ideon, Kyon, Erevos), USVs (Seirios 65 and 95), target drones (Nemesis, (H)Yperion, Panas), electronics, and UAV engines. 

In 2010, it started development of a cruise missile type HSC-1 Makedon in cooperation with other Greek companies, including Axon Engineering (which undertook parts of the engine development). The missile was designed to be  long, weigh 1050 kg and reach a maximum speed of 1100 km/h. The project was eventually cancelled, due to Greece's drastically reduced defense budgets. 
The company was also involved in engine development, including the VRJ-230A jet engine, employed in its Nemesis B Target system. 

BSK Defense went out of business in 2018.

External links 
 Company website
 L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)
 BSK Defense in Greek Defense Companies index
 Report about BSK Defense in PTISI magazine
 BSK Defense Makedon project
 BSK Defense Makedon project (STRATIGIKI magazine)
 Nemesis B Target System

Aircraft manufacturers of Greece
Defence companies of Greece
Bioreclamation of degraded lands. Large swathes of the Sahel region, which were once covered by grasslands, savannah, woodlands and scrub, suffer from land degradation. Soils have become degraded in locations where farmers have cleared perennial vegetation to grow crops and graze animals, exposing the soil to erosion by wind and water. In total, one-third of the world's population lives in drylands where land degradation is reducing food supplies, biodiversity, water quality and soil fertility.

The bioreclamation of degraded lands (BDL) system was developed by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), with the aim of helping reverse damage to soils caused by overgrazing and intensive farming. Laterite soils have a high clay content, which means they have higher cation exchange capacity and water-holding capacity than sandy soils. However, when they become degraded, a hard crust can form on the surface, which hinders water infiltration and the emergence of seedlings. The BDL system involves using indigenous water-harvesting methods (such as planting pits and trenches), applying animal and plant residues, and planting high-value fruit trees and indigenous vegetable crops that can tolerate drought conditions.

ICRISAT has employed this system to rehabilitate degraded laterite soils in Niger and increase smallholder farmers' incomes at the same time. Trials have demonstrated that a 200 m2 plot can yield an income of around US$100, which is what men traditionally earn from millet production per hectare (10,000 m2) in the country. Niger's rural women are often marginalised and tend to only be given land once it has become degraded. Using the BDL system has therefore also helped to improve livelihoods for women in Niger.

References

Land reclamation
Storm Aviation Sea Storm. The Sea Storm is an Italian homebuilt amphibious flying boat that was designed and produced by Storm Aircraft of Sabaudia. Storm Aircraft was originally called SG Aviation srl. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Sea Storm features a cantilever shoulder-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration, with four seats optional, an enclosed cockpit under a hinged canopy, retractable conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. There are two small airfoil sponsons for water balance mounted low on the fuselage. The aircraft has a highly swept fin and rudder.

The aircraft wings are made from aluminum sheet with some fibreglass parts, while the hull is composite. Its  span wing mounts large flaps and has a wing area of . The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming O-235 powerplant.

The Sea Storm has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off on land with a  engine is  and the landing roll is . On the water the take-off run is  and the landing run is  for the two place version.

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 700 hours or 550 hours from the quick-build kit.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 25 kits had been sold and 12 aircraft were completed and flying.

In February 2014 one example was registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although two had been registered at one time.

Specifications (Sea Storm)

References

External links
Photo of the two seat version
Photo of the four seat version
Sea Storm review

Sea Storm
1990s Italian sport aircraft
1990s Italian ultralight aircraft
1990s Italian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Valleytronics. Valleytronics (from valley and electronics) is an experimental area in semiconductors that exploits local extrema ("valleys") in the electronic band structure. Certain semiconductors have multiple "valleys" in the electronic band structure of the first Brillouin zone, and are known as multivalley semiconductors. Valleytronics is the technology of control over the valley degree of freedom, a local maximum/minimum on the valence/conduction band, of such multivalley semiconductors.

Details
The term was coined in analogy to spintronics. While in spintronics the internal degree of freedom of spin is harnessed to store, manipulate and read out bits of information, the proposal for valleytronics is to perform similar tasks using the multiple extrema of the band structure, so that the information of 0s and 1s would be stored as different discrete values of the crystal momentum.

Valleytronics may refer to other forms of quantum manipulation of valleys in semiconductors, including quantum computation with valley-based qubits, valley blockade and other forms of quantum electronics. First experimental evidence of valley blockade predicted in Ref. (which completes the set of Coulomb charge blockade and Pauli spin blockade) has been observed in a single atom doped silicon transistor.

Several theoretical proposals and experiments were performed in a variety of systems, such as graphene,   few-layer phosphorene, some transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers,  diamond, bismuth, silicon, carbon nanotubes, aluminium arsenide and silicene.

References

External links 
 Matthew Francis: "Experiments hint at a new type of electronics: valleytronics" at Ars Technica
 Source of the above: Zeng, H., Dai, J., Yao, W., et al. "Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping". Nature Nanotechnology, 7 490–493 (August 2012). .

Quantum mechanics
Semiconductors
Joseph Pope (academic). Sir Joseph Albert Pope (18 October 1914 – 24 March 2013) was a British engineer and academic administrator.

He was educated at King's College London (Engineering, 1938). He was an Assistant Lecturer in Engineering at Queen's University Belfast and the University of Manchester, then Senior Lecturer at the University of Sheffield from 1945 to 1949 and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nottingham from 1949 to 1960. He later served as Vice-Chancellor of Aston University from 1969 to 1979. He was knighted in 1980. He died on 24 March 2013 at the age of 98.

Pope had a lifetime association with the Whitworth Society acting as President in 1978 after becoming a Scholar in 1935.

References

1914 births
2013 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Knights Bachelor
Vice-chancellors of Aston University
Schleicher Electronic. Schleicher Electronic GmbH und Co. KG is a German technology company based in Berlin.

The company develops and produces control systems (CNC) used in automation engineering. In addition, Schleicher Electronic also works in the field of functional safety engineering.

Schleicher Electronic collaborates with internationally known research facilities, such as the Fraunhofer Institutes and the Technische Universität Berlin. The company is also a member of SERCOS International e.V. – an open, real-time interface for drives.

History 
The company was founded as “Schleicher Relais Werke” by Otto Schleicher in 1937. In 1958, “Schleicher Relais Werke” presented the MZ 54 time-delay relay at the first industrial trade fair in Hannover. It was the first multifunctional time-delay relay, and due to its purely electromechanical basis, is still used in many ways. Electromechanical (and later electronic) time-delay relays made “Schleicher Relais Werke” internationally known.

In 1976, Schleicher developed and marketed a programmable controller (PLC). In collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute, Schleicher developed a numerical control (NC) kernel in 1983. They are one of the few CNC manufacturers with their own software kernel.

In 1986, the company received the Berlin-Brandenburg Innovation Prize for an “Online Curve Interpolator” for generating free-form curves (in NC machines). In 1988, the Promodul-U CNC-RC-PLC system was introduced, and safety control devices were introduced to the market in 1989. In 1995, production was changed from assembly-belt production to group-workstations, a very new concept at the time. Starting in 2003, Schleicher Electronic was acquired by Wieland Group. Wieland incorporated Schleicher into the parent company in certain product areas and discontinued a series of product developments. At that time, Schleicher was mainly a production and development company and dependent on the sales department of Wieland, until they were sold to Aurelius AG in 2007. After reorganization, the expansion of the sales department and establishment in the Asian market, Aurelius AG sold the company in the summer of 2013 to entrepreneur Sven Dübbers.

References 

Electrical engineering companies of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Berlin
Enchanting (programming language). Enchanting is a free and open-source cross-platform educational programming language designed to program Lego Mindstorms NXT robots. It is primarily developed by Southern Alberta Robotics Enthusiasts group in the province of Alberta, Canada, and runs on Mac OS X, Windows, and experimentally on Linux devices. Since 2013, the Enchanting version 0.2 has been available.

Technology
Its predecessor, the 1998 Robotics Invention System was developed by Scratch developer team led by Mitch Resnick at MIT Media Lab. Based on BYOB, which is developed by the University of California, Berkeley, the current version of Enchanting runs on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 (but not Windows 8 RT); on Mac OS X it runs on version 10.4 and newer; and on Linux it runs on Ubuntu version 10.10.

Educational resources, use and events
It has been used in secondary-to-tertiary computer science program at Monash University in Australia, where an interactive PDF book for use on computer or iPad, titled Robotics with Enchanting and LEGO NXT is available for free download. Most recent SABRE Games, organized in 2013 by Southern Alberta Robotics Enthusiasts group, consisted of three disciplines: Tug Of War, where two robots are tied together with a string and each tries to pull its opponent over the center line; Sumo, where two robots are placed in a sumo ring and each tries to find and push its opponent out without going out of the ring itself; and Parade, where robots follow a line trying not to crash into the robot in front.

References

External links
 Home page, enchanting.robotclub.ab.ca, Canada
 Robotics with Enchanting and LEGO NXT: A Project Based Introduction to Programming, Australia

Educational programming languages
Robot programming languages
Cambridge Scientists' Anti-War Group. The Cambridge Scientists' Anti-War Group (CSAWG) was a left wing pacifist group set up in 1932.

In 1937 responding to concerns about the use of poison gas bombs, the CSAWG organised an experiment in the Trinity College room of John Fremlin to determine the rate at which a gas might leak into a sealed room. The work was published by an editorial committee consisting of

J. D. Bernal
H. A. Harris
A. F. W. Hughes
Joseph Needham
N. W. Pirie
J. S. Turner
D. H. Valentine
E. B. Verney
C. H. Waddington
Arthur Walton
W. A. Wooster

The book was given a hostile review in Nature by retired general Charles Foulkes. Jack Haldane also queried the rigour of the scientific methodology.

Further notable members of CSAWG
Eric Burhop
John Fremlin
Dorothy Needham
Antoinette Pirie
Frederick Sanger
Richard Synge
Marjory Stephenson
Maurice Wilkins

References

Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Peace organisations based in the United Kingdom
1932 establishments in England
Organisations based in Cambridge
Left-wing politics in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1932
HMS Lynx (1913). HMS Lynx was one of 20 s built for the Royal Navy in the 1910s. Completed in 1914 she saw active service in the First World War.

Design and description
The Acasta class was based on an enlarged , a very fast Yarrow Special of the . The Acastas had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . The ships displaced  at deep load and their crew numbered 73 officers and ratings.

The destroyers were powered by a single Parsons steam turbine that drove two propeller shafts using steam provided by four Yarrow boilers. The engines developed a total of  and were designed for a speed of . Lynx reached a speed of  from  during her sea trials. The Acastas had a range of  at a cruising speed of .

The primary armament of the ships consisted of three BL  Mk VIII guns in single, unprotected pivot mounts. One gun was on the forecastle and two were aft of the superstructure. The destroyers were equipped with a pair of single rotating mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes amidships and carried two reload torpedoes.

Construction and career
Lynx was ordered under the 1911–1912 Naval Programme from the London and Glasgow Shipbuilding Company. The ship was laid down at the company's Govan shipyard on 18 January 1912, launched on 20 March 1913 and commissioned in January 1914.

Lynx left Cromarty with two half-divisions of the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla on 15 December 1914 as part of the response to the German bombardment of Scarborough. At 05:15 on 16 December 1914 she sighted the German destroyer , and summoned her destroyer squadron to investigate. In a brief skirmish which took place with a force of German destroyers and cruisers, Lynx was hit several times by German shells. She sustained minor damage to a propeller and her forward magazine was flooded but only had one man wounded. Her steering gear jammed and the rest of the force made the error of following her, thus ending the pursuit.

On 9 August 1915 Lynx struck a mine off the Moray Firth by the German raider Meteor and sank. Sixty-three men were lost, including her captain. Four officers and twenty-two ratings survived.

References

Bibliography

Further reading
 Massie, Robert (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Jonathan Cape. .

External links
 

Acasta-class destroyers
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
1913 ships
Maritime incidents in 1915
Ships built on the River Clyde
Ships sunk by mines
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Institute of Making. The Institute of Making is a multidisciplinary research club based at University College London.

Composed of the Materials Library and the MakeSpace, its work focuses on hands-on research into materials and making from many different perspectives. Members are encouraged to "make, break, design and combine both advanced and traditional tools, techniques and materials".

It was founded by directors Mark Miodownik, Zoe Laughlin and Martin Conreen in 2010 at King's College London and moved to UCL in 2012, officially opening on 16 March 2013. The institute has produced some notable projects and research in the fields of making and maker culture and sensoaesthetics.

References

External links
 The Institute of Making website

Clubs and societies of University College London
Materials science institutes
SIFCO Industries. SIFCO Industries, Inc. (SIFCO), is a global metal component manufacturer based in Cleveland, Ohio.

Current operations
SIFCO is engaged in the production of forgings and machined components primarily for the aerospace and energy markets. SIFCO's products are made primarily of steel, stainless steel, titanium, and aluminum and include: OEM and aftermarket components for aircraft and industrial gas turbine engines, steam turbine blades, structural airframe components, aircraft landing gear components, aircraft wheels and brakes, critical rotating components for helicopters, and commercial/industrial products.

SIFCO's manufacturing facilities are located in Cleveland, Ohio; Alliance, Ohio; Orange, California and Maniago, Italy.

In 2016, Rolls-Royce accounted for 11% of SIFCO's sales and United Technologies Corporation accounted for 10% of SIFCO's sales.

History
SIFCO traces its roots to 1913.

In 2010, SIFCO acquired the forging business of T&W Forge, Inc. based in Alliance, Ohio.

In 2011, SIFCO acquired Quality Aluminum Forge based in Orange, California.

In 2016, Peter Knapper was named as president and CEO.

References

Companies listed on NYSE American
Manufacturing companies established in 1913
1913 establishments in Ohio
Chandigarh–Sahnewal line. The Chandigarh–Sahnewal line (also referred to as the Chandigarh–Ludhiana line) is a railway line connecting  and , the latter in the Indian state of the Punjab. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.

History
The 112 km-long project for linking  and Ludhiana directly was completed in three phases. The first phase linking Chandigarh and New Morinda on the Sirhind–Nangal line was opened in September 2006. The second phase for the addition of third line between Sahnewal and Ludhiana on the Ambala–Attari line was completed in November 2012. The third phase linking New Morinda with Ludhiana was completed in April 2013.

Electrification
The Chandigarh–Ludhiana sector is electrified. As per the Central Organisation for Railway Electrification, as on 1.4.2012, 43 km had been completed and 69 km were left.

Passenger movement
Chandigarh is the only station on this line which is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.

Railway reorganisation
Northern Railway was formed in 1952 with a portion of East Indian Railway Company west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway.

Trains
The 12241/12242 Amritsar–Chandigarh Superfast Express was introduced on the new line in 2013.
14504 Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra–Kalka Express
12412 Amritsar–Chandigarh Intercity Express

References

External links

5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Rail transport in Punjab, India

Railway lines opened in 2013
Rail transport in Chandigarh
2013 establishments in India
Transport in Chandigarh
Easy Programming Language. Easy Programming Language (EPL, ) is a visual compiled multilingual proprietary programming language. EPL is somewhat popular in China because it features a full Chinese environment. The language has traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, English and Japanese variants. The language has been shown to improve coding productivity for programmers who are not as fluent in English, albeit with less runtime efficiency.

In addition, it is cross-platform, as it currently supports both Microsoft Windows and Linux. It is object-oriented and structured.

Features 

The program defines modules in a tabular format.

Easy modules () are pre-compiled modules with the ".ec" extension name.

Programming examples
Below is a "Hello, World!" program, in simplified Chinese:
调试输出("Hello, world!")

References

External links
EPL homepage at archive.org
EPL homepage 

Non-English-based programming languages
Chinese-language computing
West Nile Rural Electrification Company. West Nile Rural Electrification Company Limited (WENRECO) is an electric energy generating and distribution company in the West Nile sub-region of the Northern Region of Uganda. WENRECO is a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial Promotion Services (IPS), the industrial development arm of the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED). AKFED is a member of the Aga Khan Development Network.

Overview
In 2003, WENRECO, through competitive bidding, won a concession to generate, distribute, and sell electricity in the West Nile sub-region, consisting of eight districts and home to an estimated 2.3 million people. The company owns a 1.5 megawatt heavy fuel electric generator and is part-owner and operator of the Nyagak I Power Station.
 
WENRECO is the implementer and co-funder of the West Nile Rural Electrification Project, which was initiated in 2013. The project targeted electrification of 30 health centers, 60 schools, 250 businesses, and 6,000 households between 2013 and 2015. Funding for the project was provided by the government of Uganda, KfW, WENRECO, and the Energy Facility Pooling Mechanism.

In 2013, WENRECO began switching the 4,000 customers that it had at that time to pre-paid metering service.

Power stations

WENRECO operates two power stations: WENRECO heavy fuel thermal plant with a capacity of 1.5 megawatts, located in Ewuata, Arua District; and the Nyagak I Power Station, a 3.5 megawatt mini-hydropower station, located in Paidha, Zombo District. These facilities are the main public electric power sources available to the West Nile sub-region, which is not yet connected to the national grid. Connection to the national grid is expected following the completion of the Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station around 2020.

Photographs
 Photograph of WENRECO 1.5 Megawatts Heavy Fuel Power Station In Arua, Uganda

See also
 Electricity Regulatory Authority
 Nyagak II Power Station
 Nyagak III Power Station

References

External links
Webpage of the Electricity Regulatory Authority

Aga Khan Development Network
Energy companies of Uganda
Energy companies established in 2003
Electric power companies of Uganda
2003 establishments in Uganda
Mems. Mems or MEMS may refer to:

 Microelectromechanical systems, the technology of microscopic devices, particularly those with moving parts
 Modular Engine Management System, an electronic control system used on engines in passenger cars built by Rover Group
 Mem (computing), a measurement unit for the number of memory accesses
 Military Emergency Management Specialist, a certification and skill badge awarded by the State Guard Association of the United States

See also
 Mem (disambiguation)