omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
National Engineering School of Tunis. The National Engineering School of Tunis (), or ENIT, is the oldest engineering school in the country after the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (1898). Part of the University of Tunis - El Manar, it is located at El Manar campus in Tunis.

Establishment 
The National Engineering School of Tunis was founded by Mokhtar Latiri on December 31, 1968.

Departments 
ENIT has six independent departments:
 Industrial engineering
 Mechanical engineering
 Civil engineering
 Electrical engineering
 Information and communication technology
 Applied mathematics

Each department offers different masters and doctorates and has its own research laboratories.

See also
 Mediterranean Institute of Technology
 National Engineering School of Monastir
 National Engineering School of Bizerte
 National Engineering School of Sousse
 National Engineering School of Sfax
 National Engineering School of Gabès
 National Engineering School of Gafsa
 National Engineering School of Carthage
 University of Tunis El Manar

References

External links 
 

Educational institutions established in 1968
Tunis El Manar University
Neos. Neos or NEOS may refer to:

Neos (airline), an Italian airline
NEOS (Austria), a political party in Austria
Neos (pistol), a type of Beretta pistol
Neos (record label), a German record label
Neos Finance, an Italian bank
NEOS Server, mathematical optimization software system
Near-Earth objects
NEO Surveyor, which will look for near-Earth objects
NEOS Library Consortium, a Canadian network of Libraries
TYPO3 Neos, an opensource content management system
Yamaha Neos, a moped
NeosVR, a virtual reality metaverse

See also
Neo (disambiguation)
 Neos Flow, a free and open source web application framework
RS Aero. The RS Aero is a British sailing dinghy that was designed by Jo Richards as a one-design racer and first built in 2014.

Production
The design is marketed and distributed by RS Sailing of Romsey, United Kingdom.

Design
The RS Aero is a single-handed recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a cat rig, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller with a hiking stick extension and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces .

The Aero can be fitted with one of four different rig and sail sizes to accommodate a range of sailors of different weights.

Variants
RS Aero 5
This model was designed for children and small sailors and has  of sail.
RS Aero 6
A new model, designed to fit between the 5 and 7 rigs that is similar in size to the ILCA 6 with a sail size of 67 sq ft (6.3 m2) 
RS Aero 7
This model was designed for medium weight sailors and has  of sail.
RS Aero 9
This model was designed for heavy weight sailors and has  of sail.

Operational history

The design has won several awards, including the 2014 Paris Boat Show Coup de Coeurs, the Netherlands 2015 HISWA Product of the Year Award and the 2015 Estonian Sailing Federation
Surprise Award.

The boat was also named the Sailing World Boat Of The Year in 2015, as Best One-Design. The magazine described it as "a stunning singlehander that is more than comparable to the Laser." It was cited for its "construction quality, lightweight hull, versatile rig with multiple combinations, technical details, and price".

In a 2014 review, George Yioulos, wrote, "sailing the Aero is unlike other boat I’ve evaluated before. It’s a designer’s brew of lightweight construction, precise craftsmanship, and clever design that allows for high quality production in multiple locations. While it’s still a single-person fiberglass dinghy, after a day on the water it’s more an extension of the sailor themselves than any other non-trapezing boat I’ve sailed." He further noted, "The Aero utilizes a unique mix of modern technology, all-around performance and very easy handling. Maybe it’s not ironic that these are similar to the characteristics that propelled the growth of the Laser some 40 years ago."

Events

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Laser (dinghy)
Phantom (dinghy)

References

External links

RS Aero
Mahinda Vilathgamuwa. Mahinda Vilathgamuwa is a professor of power engineering at the School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia.

After completing his high school education at Nalanda College, Colombo, Vilathgamuwa entered the University of Moratuwa; graduating with a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering (Honours) in 1984.

In 1985 Vilathgamuwa started his academic career as assistant lecturer at University of Moratuwa. Later after obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Electrical Engineering from University of Cambridge, England he became a senior lecturer at Moratuwa. His doctoral thesis was entitled Control of voltage-sourced reversible rectifiers 

From 1993 to 2013 Vilathgamuwa served as an academic in the capacities of lecturer, assistant professor and associate professor at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore.

Professor Vilathgamuwa is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

General references 

 
ORCiD ID 0000-0003-0895-8443

References 

Sri Lankan Buddhists
Sri Lankan academics
Alumni of Nalanda College, Colombo
Alumni of the University of Moratuwa
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Sinhalese people
Sri Lankan engineers
Sri Lankan expatriate academics
Academic staff of Nanyang Technological University
Academic staff of Queensland University of Technology
Fellows of the IEEE
Claus E. Heinrich. Claus E. Heinrich (born 21 June 1955) is a German manager, entrepreneur, who is an honorary professor for operations research at both Technische Universität Berlin and the University of Mannheim and served as board member of SAP between 1996 and 2009. Since 2009 he serves as honorary senator of the Heidelberg University.

Education
Heinrich was born in Waiblingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. He studied operations research and business administration at the University of Mannheim from 1976 to 1981, where he obtained his Diplom-Kaufmann (the pre-Bologna Process equivalent of a master's degree). Afterwards, he obtained his Ph.D. in operations research and supply chain management in 1986 at the University of Mannheim and was visiting researcher at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Career
He started his career in 1987 and entered the SAP AG in Walldorf, Germany, where he quickly earned the responsibility for the R&D area "Logistics Controlling". He became member of the global executive committee of SAP in 1996, where he was for the company's product area of supply chain management. He left SAP in 2009 and founded the Sovanta AG that focus on end-to-end business application solutions and services.

Personal life
Heinrich lives in Heidelberg, is married and father of four children. He is author of several books, including "Adapt or Die - Transforming Your Supply Chain into an Adaptive Business Network" and "RFID and Beyond - Growing Your Business Through Real World Awareness".

See also
 List of University of Mannheim people
 University of Mannheim

Notes

External links
 Biography about Claus E. Heinrich

1955 births
Living people
Operations researchers
People from Waiblingen
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
University of Mannheim alumni
Academic staff of the University of Mannheim
German economists
SAP SE people
Gurtej Sandhu. Gurtej Singh Sandhu, also known as Gurtej Sandhu, is an inventor in the fields of thin-film processes and materials, VLSI and semiconductor device fabrication. He is recognized for being the all-time seventh most prolific inventor as measured by number of U.S. utility patents. Gurtej has 1382 U.S. utility patents . He was Senior Fellow and Director of Advanced Technology Developments at Micron Technology, before becoming Senior Fellow and Vice President of Micron Technology.

The publication Kiplinger reports, "Sandhu developed a method of coating microchips with titanium without exposing the metal to oxygen, which would ruin the chips. Initially, he didn't think his idea was a big deal, but now most memory-chip makers use the process."  The publication also states that Gurtej earned an electrical engineering degree at the Indian Institute of Technology – Delhi in India and a physics PhD at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Sandhu the 2018 IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contributions to solid-state devices and technology. They said his "pioneering achievements concerning patterning and materials integration have enabled the continuation of Moore’s Law for aggressive scaling of memory chips integral to consumer electronics products such as cell phones, digital cameras and solid-state drives for personal and cloud server computers." The IEEE states: "Sandhu initiated the development of atomic layer deposition high-κ films for DRAM devices and helped drive cost-effective implementation starting with 90-nm node DRAM. Extreme device scaling was also made possible through his pitch-doubling process, which led to the first 3X-nm NAND flash memory. Sandhu’s method for constructing large-area straight-wall capacitors enabled the formation of double-sided capacitors that extended the scaling of important one-transistor, one-capacitor (1T1C) device technologies. His process for CVD Ti/TiN is still in use for making DRAM and NAND chips."

References

20th-century Indian inventors
21st-century Indian inventors
Micron Technology people
Drafting film. Drafting film is a sturdier and more dimensionally stable substitute for drafting paper sometimes used for technical drawings, especially architectural drawings, and for art layout drawings, replacing drafting linen for these purposes. Linen and paper, such as bond and vellum, for reason of the organic origins like cotton, may shrink due to humidity and changes in the temperature.

Nowadays it is almost invariably made of transparent biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate, which should last several centuries under normal storage conditions, with one or two translucent matte surfaces provided by a coating.  However, some older drafting films are cellulose acetate, which degrades in only a few decades due to the vinegar syndrome.  Uncoated films are preferred for archival, because there is then no possibility that the coating material could deteriorate over time or react with other materials.

Uncoated films require the use of an etching ink that penetrates the surface of the film.

Because non-etching ink doesn't penetrate the surface of the film the way it penetrates paper, it is often possible to remove inked lines from drafting film when drawing on it by hand; an abrasive-free vinyl drafting eraser is the preferred tool for this, although a scalpel works too.  For the same reason, graphite on the surface tends to smear; there are polyester pencil drafting leads available as a substitute for graphite for drawing on drafting film.  Different matte coatings (generally consisting of amorphous silica particles dispersed in a resin) are better suited for graphite or for polyester leads.

Manual drawing on drafting film requires special care with cleanliness, because oil from the illustrator's hands can form skid patches on the film's nonporous surface, where ink and pencil will not adhere to the matte surface, while drafting paper will absorb the oil.

Dimensional stability is important for scale drawings that don't have explicit dimensions, such as maps, because measurements may be taken directly from the drawing, so drawings that expand and shrink with temperature and humidity can introduce great imprecision into these measurements; some undimensioned drawing standards require the use of drafting film for such drawings.

References

Technical drawing
Printing materials
Preservation (library and archival science)
Jens Rasmussen (human factors expert). Jens Rasmussen (11 May 1926 – 5 February 2018) was a system safety, human factors and cognitive systems engineering researcher at the Risø National Laboratory in Risø, Denmark. He was highly influential within the field of safety science, human error and accident research. His contributions include the skills, rules, knowledge (SRK) framework, risk management framework, dynamic safety model, AcciMap Approach, and others.

Biography 
Rasmussen was born in Ribe, Denmark. In 1950, he earned an M.Sc. degree in electronic engineering, with a background in control engineering. After completing his degree, he worked for several years at the Radio Receiver Research Laboratory.

In 1956, Rasmussen was recruited to work at the Danish Atomic Energy Commission. After several years, he was named the head of the Electronics Department at the Atomic Research Establishment Risø (eventually renamed Risø National Laboratory).

In 1981, Rasmussen was appointed Research Professor at both the Technical University of Denmark and at Risø National Laboratory.

Contributions

Dynamic safety model 
Rasmussen proposed a state-based model of a socio-technical system as a system that moves within a region of a state space. The region is surrounded by three boundaries:

 economic failure
 unacceptable work load
 functionality acceptable performance

Incentives push the system towards the boundary of acceptable performance: accidents happen when the boundary is exceeded.

Risk management framework 
Rasmussen proposed a multi-layer view of socio-technical systems, with hazardous processes and work at the lowest level, and government at the highest level. The different levels involve different research disciplines (e.g., mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering at the lowest level, political science, law, economics, and sociology at the highest level, and other domains in-between) and different environmental stressors (e.g., changing political climate at the top level, fast pace of technological change at the lowest level)

Skills, rules, knowledge (SRK) framework 
See Skills, Rules, Knowledge (SRK) framework.

Abstraction hierarchy 
See the abstraction hierarchy.

Ecological interface design 
See Ecological interface design.

AcciMaps 
See AcciMap approach.

Selected publications

Books 
 
 
 Jens Rasmussen (2000). Proactive Risk Management in a Dynamic Society. Swedish Rescue Services Agency. ISBN 9172530847.

Papers

References

The Legacy of Jens Rasmussen, special issue of Applied Ergonomics, Volume 59, Part, B, Pages 471-656 (March 2017)

The Legacy of Jens Rasmussen, Adjunct ODAM 2014 Symposium

1926 births
2018 deaths
Danish academics
Safety researchers
People from Ribe
Academic staff of the Technical University of Denmark
Electrical engineers
Walter HWK 109-500. The Walter HWK 109-500 was a liquid-fuelled rocket engine developed by Walter in Germany during the Second World War.

Description 
The 109-500 is a self-contained, modular monopropellant Starthilfe (take-off assist) engine in a pod, able to produce  thrust for thirty seconds. After the fuel was expended, the pod was jettisoned and it returned to earth by parachute, with the parachute packed externally, onto the blunt forward end of the pod.

The T-Stoff monopropellant, stored in the large spherical tank within the Starthilfe module's forward end, needed to react with a catalyst to provide the boosting thrust for an aircraft on takeoff - this Z-Stoff sodium or calcium-based, alkaline permanganate-compound (in an aqueous solution) catalyst was provided in a small tank above the reaction chamber just forward of the exhaust nozzle, with compressed air from a network of five pressure tanks driving the monopropellant and catalyst together through the reaction chamber, which featured an internal, fixed helical "swirl baffle" to lengthen the period of time the monopropellant and catalyst were in contact for a more complete catalytic reaction within it, before the reacted T-Stoff exhaust exited the nozzle.

It entered service in 1942, and some 6,000 were built, by Heinkel. It was "used extensively on a wide range of aircraft", especially the potentially underpowered (when heavily laden with external ordnance) Jumo 004-engined Arado Ar 234B, with two of the units uniquely displayed as mounted operationally on the NASM's sole surviving, restored Ar 234B.

Variants
The HWK 109-501 was a higher-thrust variant (14.71 kN) bipropellant Starthilfe RATO booster unit, used on the Junkers Ju 287 prototype which proved to be unreliable over sustained periods.

Applications

Arado Ar 234
Blohm & Voss BV 138
Junkers Ju 88
Junkers Ju 287
Heinkel He 111
Messerschmitt Me 321
Messerschmitt Me 323

Specifications

See also

Notes

External links

 
 British 'Walterwerke' Reference Page on HWK 109-500 Starthilfe RATO Unit
 Polish Aviation Museum online infopage on the uprated, experimental HWK 109-501 RATO booster

Aircraft rocket engines
109-500
JATO
Rocket engines using cold cycle hydrogen peroxide propellant
FAA Order 8130.34. FAA Order 8130.34D, Airworthiness Certification of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, establishes procedures for issuing either special airworthiness certificates in the experimental category or special flight permits to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), optionally piloted aircraft (OPA), and aircraft intended to be flown as either a UAS or an OPA.

Airworthiness Certification of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, establishes procedures for issuing this certification, and as such establishes guidance standards for certification aspects of development and operation, which may be addressed by adoption of such standards as ARP4754A, and DO-178C.

Obtaining an experimental airworthiness certificate for a particular UAS is currently the only way civil operators of unmanned aircraft are accessing the National Airspace System (NAS) of the United States. Moreover, the Order establishes that such aircraft may enter the NAS only with a safety pilot monitoring its controls.

Adoption of ARP4754, DO-178C, DO-254, DO-278, and other related guidance standards to UAS programs is rapidly growing because of the certification requirements established with this FAA Order.

References

External links
 
 Regulations & Policies on the FAA website

Civil aviation in the United States
Federal Aviation Administration
Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles
BMW 018. The BMW 018 (RLM designation 109-018) was an early axial-flow turbojet engine project by BMW AG in Germany.

Design 
The 018 design was begun in 1940. It was generally similar to the BMW 003, but had a twelve-stage axial compressor and three-stage turbine, for a thrust of .

Three engines were at various stages of completion at Staßfurt, but due to continuing efforts toward protracted development of the 003 along with Allied bombing and the liberation of France, official 018 development was stopped in late 1944. On BMW's own initiative, it was decided that the existing 018 development examples would be moved to a pair of successive locations in Bavaria; to Kolbermoor to finish construction, and then move them to Oberwiesenfeld for testing. Despite this planning, the rapidly deteriorating war situation of March 1945 prompted BMW personnel to destroy the engines and their components in order to prevent them from falling into Allied hands.

It was estimated that 50 h/p starter (2 cycle, air-cooled gasoline engine) would be required for the BMW 018 and 028.

Specifications

See also

Notes

Bibliography

 

BMW aircraft engines
1940s turbojet engines
Type 639 research ship. Type 639 is a type of ocean surveillance ship is a type of oceanographic surveillance ship developed by China for its People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) to replace earlier Type 595. A single unit of Type 639 with pennant number Bei-diao 992 is currently in service as an oceanographic research ship and  five more modified version serving as hydrographic survey ships are designated as Type 639A. Type 639 has received NATO reporting name Kanhai class, 勘海 in Chinese, meaning Surveying Sea.

Type 639 is a SWATH design of 1500 tons of displacement with three anchors. In addition to the SWATH hull form, another unique feature of Type 639 oceanographic research ship is the adaptation of integrated electric propulsion system. Developed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), the subsystems are developed by various subsidiaries and divisions of CSIC. The ship is jointly developed by 701st (中国船舶重工集团公司第七零一研究所) and The 702nd Institute of CSIC (中国船舶重工集团公司第七零二研究所). The ship was built by Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Co. Ltd (武昌船舶重工有限责任公司) of CASIC. The integrated electric propulsion system was the result of work of several CASIC subsidiaries and divisions, including Wuhan Machinery Plant Co. Ltd (武汉船用机械有限责任公司), Henan Diesel Engine Industry Co. Ltd (河南柴油机重工有限责任公司), Shanxi Fenxi Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. (山西汾西重工有限责任公司), Chongqing Huayu Electrical Instrumentation Plant (重庆华渝电气仪表总厂) ,Beijing Great Wall Electronic Equipment Co. Ltd. (北京长城电子装备有限责任公司) , and the final integration of various subsystems of the integrated electric propulsion system is The 712th Institute of CSIC (中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所). To meet the strict requirement, nearly a dozen new technologies were incorporated, most of them were for the first time in China. The most obvious visual feature of Type 639 oceanographic surveillance ship is that there is a well in the center to lower acoustic or other scientific equipment.

Type 639/639A series ships in PLAN service are designated by a combination of two Chinese characters followed by three-digit number. The second Chinese character is Shui (调), meaning research, or Ce (测), meaning survey, because these ships are classified either as oceanographic or hydrographic research. The first Chinese character denotes which fleet the ship is service with, with East (Dōng, 东) for East Sea Fleet, North (Běi, 北) for North Sea Fleet, and South (Nán, 南) for South Sea Fleet. However, the pennant numbers are subject to change due to changes of Chinese naval ships naming convention, or when units are transferred to different fleets.

References

Auxiliary surveillance ship classes
Auxiliary ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Military catamarans
Small waterplane area twin hull vessels
Kawasaki Ki-78. The Kawasaki Ki-78, originally given the designation Ken III (Kensan - research III), was a high-speed research aircraft (after research projects of long-range and high-altitude aircraft), which also was intended to  try to break the world absolute speed record.

Design and development
The Kawasaki Ki-78 was a high-speed research aircraft developed to investigate laminar profile wings with high wing loadings. Early in 1938, a high-speed research program was started at the Aeronautical Research Institute of the University of Tokyo for a small, single-seat aircraft.

The Ki-78 was designed at the Aeronautical Research Institute and built at Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo K.K. to investigate flying behaviour at very high speed. It featured a streamlined minimum cross-section fuselage fitted with a licence-built Daimler-Benz DB 601A engine. For short durations, power boost methanol/water injection was used and cooling was improved by a  turbine driven cooling fan for the radiators.

All-metal construction was used in combination with a small thin wing with a laminar flow profile and a sharp leading edge.

Operational history
By the outbreak of the war, the whole project was taken over by the Imperial Japanese Army, who gave it the military type designation Ki-78. Kawasaki received the order to build two prototypes of the Ki-78, construction of which was started in September 1941. The first was completed more than a year later and was flown for the first time on 26 December 1942. A feasibility study to improve the Ki-78 flight performance showed that extensive airframe modifications were needed, and, consequently, the project was officially terminated after the 32nd flight on 11 January 1944; the second Ki-78 was never completed.

Specifications (Ken III / Ki-78)

See also

References

Further reading
 Air Pictorial: 489. December 1986.

External links

 Ki-78 article

1940s Japanese experimental aircraft
Ki-78