omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ching-Lai Sheng. Dr Sheng Ching-lai or Sheng Qinglai (July 20, 1919  June 23, 2018) was a Chinese-born Taiwanese electrical engineer, computer scientist, and philosopher. He served at the president of the National Chiao Tung University from 1972 to 1978.

Career 
In 1941, Sheng graduated from the National Chiao Tung University in Shanghai with a B.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering. From 1941 to 1945, he worked as a civil servant in the province of Sichuan, where the wartime capital Chongqing was situated.

After the war he studied at the University of Edinburgh. He earned a doctorate from the university in 1948. Through high career he taught at the National Taiwan University, the University of Ottawa, the University of Windsor, and the Tamkang University. He also served as the dean of the National Chiao Tung University College of Engineering. He also served as the president of the university from 1972 to 1978, where he planned the expansion of the campus.

Sheng wrote extensively on utilitarianism, and developed a "unified utilitarian theory", described as "a decision-theoretical model of value that approximates the moral mathematics of Jeremy Bentham."

Sheng died on June 23, 2018.

References 

1919 births
2018 deaths
Academic staff of Tamkang University
National Chiao Tung University alumni
Academic staff of the National Chiao Tung University
Utilitarians
Chinese expatriates in the United Kingdom
Chinese emigrants to Taiwan
Henrietta Bussell. Henrietta (Hettie) Langdale Bussell (19 February 1917 – December 1996) was Britain's first female railway engineer. She served as the president of the Women's Engineering Society from 1976 to 1977.

Early life and education 
Bussell was born in London, but moved to Newport, Monmouthshire at age 12 with her family. There she won a scholarship to attend a new grammar school in Monmouthshire where she developed a love for maths and physics.

Finding work 
Bussell left school in 1933 during the Great Depression, a time where it was difficult to find work. She sat a Civil Service entrance exam in 1934, where she did not gain one of the 4 vacancies on offer to 2,000 testers. That same year, she came 2nd in an exam to join Great Western Railway, where only the first place recipient claimed entry to the company.

However, Great Western Railway soon after had a vacancy in Cardiff in the Drawing Office, part of the Civil Engineering Department. Bussell contacted the company to remind them of her 2nd place exam finish. From this, she was able to gain a position as a tracer in August 1934.

Career and interests 
In 1942, the GWR Chief Civil Engineer appointed Bussell as Junior Technical Staff as Draughtsman (female).

Bussell transferred to British Rail, where she was promoted to various roles:

 Assistant Draughtsman in 1948
 Technical Assistant in 1957
 Engineering Assistant in 1966
 Senior Engineering Assistant in 1971

Bussell was a member of the British Railway's Management Staff.

Bussell had a great interest in tunneling works, particularly the Channel Tunnel.

Advocacy for women in engineering 
Bussell was an advocate for getting women involved in engineering.

Bussell joined the Women’s Engineering Society in 1951 and became an active member in the London branch. She joined the Society's council in 1961 before becoming President from 1976–77, succeeding Gwendolen 'Bunty' Sergant and being succeeded by Veronica Milligan.

She attended the second International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists conference in Cambridge in 1967, where amongst other things, she was taught how to wear a sari by Indian engineer K. K. Khubchandani alongside fellow WES members and engineers Rose Winslade, Cicely Thompson, and US delegates Louise Davies and Betty Lou Bailey. Bussell submitted a paper on the Channel Tunnel to the third International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists conference held in Turin in 1971.

Bussell became seriously ill in 1989 and died in Colchester in 1996.

References 

1917 births
1996 deaths
British women scientists
Welsh women scientists
Presidents of the Women's Engineering Society
Women's Engineering Society
20th-century British women engineers 
20th-century Welsh women scientists
20th-century Welsh scientists
Welsh women engineers
20th-century Welsh engineers
Stříbro bridge. Stříbro bridge () is a Renaissance stone five-arched bridge spanning across the river Mže in Stříbro, Czech Republic. The bridge has one preserved passage tower, built between 1555 and 1560 by Benedict Volch of Ferrol. It was part of the access road to the town of Stříbro from Plzeň and Prague. Today the bridge is designed for pedestrian traffic only.

It was declared a Czech cultural monument in 1958 and has been part of the Stříbro urban monument zone since 1992.

Description
From a technical point of view, the bridge consists of two parts. The first part includes two arches crossing the river Mže and the second part consists of three smaller arches that serve as the "flood bridge". The bridges are not coaxial and there is a bridge gate between them that is supported by a 5.15 metre wide pillar. The tower facade is decorated with letter sgraffito, and the original hexagonal pyramid roof is covered with pantiles. The bridge tower complemented the fortifications of the then very important and rich upper town. It also served as a road toll collection point.

The bridge is made from sandstone blocks, it is 60 metres long, its width is almost 6 metres. Sandstone used for the construction was mined in local quarries near Těchlovice.

The bridge protector saint is St. John of Nepomuk. The original sculpture by Lazar Widman dates back to 1721. The original was moved to the town museum. The replica placed on the bridge was sculpted by Jaroslav Šindelář in 2005 during the bridge reconstruction.

The structure is still preserved in its original form, except for the US Army inscriptions added in 1945, which can be found above both tower portals.

Reconstruction
Until 2000, the historic bridge served road traffic. In 2001, the major overhaul of the tower and the bridge began. The bridge disrepair has further deteriorated during the 2002 flood. The restoration of the tower, the St. John of Nepomuk statue and the bridge itself continued steadily until 2005 when the reconstruction of the inundation part of the bridge body started. The repair proceeded as the funds were made available. In 2015, after 15 years of gradual repairs, the extensive bridge renovation was concluded with the overall cost reaching nearly CZK 20 million.

Recognition
There are only two bridges with bridge gates in the Czech Republic: the Charles Bridge in Prague and the stone bridge in Stříbro. The Stříbro bridge, an exceptionally valuable Gothic-Renaissance monument from the mid-16th century, was declared a Czech cultural monument in 1958. It has been part of the Stříbro urban monument zone since 1992.

In 2011 the Czech National bank issued a 5,000 CZK commemorative gold coin as part of the Bridges in the Czech Republic series. The coin was designed by Zbyněk Fojtů.

References

Stone bridges
Bridges with buildings
Bridges completed in the 16th century
Buildings and structures completed in 1560
Transport infrastructure completed in the 1560s
Bridges in the Czech Republic
Tachov District
Renaissance architecture in the Czech Republic
Pedestrian bridges in the Czech Republic
Tourist attractions in the Czech Republic
U-JIN Tech Corp.. U-JIN Tech Corp. is a South Korean manufacturer of friction welding machines and automated manufacturing cells.

History 
U-JIN Tech Corp. was founded in February 2009. It stablished its own R&D center within the Korea Industrial Technology Association (KOITA) in 2010. The R&D center has the objective to develop new products.

U-Jin has initially developed and manufactured hydraulic friction welding machines, and it built Korea's first CNC friction welding machine in 2012.

In 2015 the company was recognized as Contributor for Development of Excellent Capital Goods by the Minister of Trade, Industry, and Energy. In November 2016 it received the European CE Certificate and started exporting machines to Europe. On Trade Day in December 2016, it received the 10 Million Dollar Export Tower Award.

Friction welding machines 
CNC technology is used by U-JIN Tech Corp both for automatic material transport and in cases where high accuracy is required. Due to the position measuring devices known from CNC milling machines, the length tolerance of the components can be maintained more accurately than with conventional hydraulic machines. It is even possible, to bring the spindle to a standstill in a given position so that the two eyes of a drive shaft can be positioned at an angle to each other.
 
The two spindles of U-JIN's computer numerical controlled double-head friction welding machines are driven by servo motors that allow the angular position of their motor shaft to be controlled, as well as the speed of rotation and acceleration, since they are equipped with position sensors. If the spindles are controlled in the same way as CNC-controlled servo motors, angular accuracies of ±0.5° can be achieved, e.g. at both ends of a cardan shaft.

Friction welded products 

As friction welding operates below the melting point of the materials, even dissimilar material joints can be produced with high tensile strength. In many cases, the tensile strength of the bimetallic joint is higher than that of the softer base material.

U-JIN's friction welding machines are used industrially for a wide variety of products:
 
Gear shafts made of chrome-molybdenum steel
Electric terminals and cable lugs made of pure copper and pure aluminum
Long screws and bolts made of structural or high-speed steel
Stainless steel and aluminum adapters for refrigerants or coolants in superconductors
Shaft-hub connections in hollow shafts for the drive train of cars
Carbon steel (Advanced High Strength Steel, AHSS) and stainless steel pump shafts
Transition pieces in carbon steel S25C and stainless steel SUS304 (tensile strength 443 N/mm²)
Transition pieces made of carbon steel S45C and stainless steel SUS304 (tensile strength 639 N/mm²)
Motor shafts made of structural and stainless steel

References 

Industrial machine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 2009
Engineering companies of South Korea
South Korean brands
Electrical Transient Analyzer Program. Infobox company

Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) is an electrical network modeling and simulation software tool used by power systems engineers to create an "electrical digital twin" and analyze electrical power system dynamics, transients and protection.

Schneider Electric took controlling stake in ETAP on November 16, 2020, to spearhead smart and green electrification. The current CEO of ETAP is Tanuj Khandelwal who previously held the role of CTO and has been employed at ETAP for over 20 years.

ETAP was developed for utilization on MS-DOS operating system and intended for commercial and nuclear power system analysis  and system operations.

Power system simulation requires an electrical digital twin consisting of a power system network model that includes system connectivity, topology, electrical device characteristics, historical system response and real-time operations data in order to make offline or online decisions. ETAP power engineering software utilizes an electrical digital twin in order for electrical engineers and operators to perform following studies in offline or online mode.

References 

Simulation software
Electric power distribution
Robert Tucker (boat designer). Robert Tucker (died 1998) was a sailor and boat designer from the United Kingdom. His designs covered a wide range of yachts, but he is principally known for smaller models, of which one source names 18 varieties dating from 1954 to 1972. He is notable for having designed one of the first trailer sailers, the Silhouette.

Boat designs
Matilda 20
Silhouette (boat)

References

Year of birth missing
1998 deaths
Boat and ship designers
Rocco Lupoi. Rocco Lupoi is an Italian lecturer, assistant professor and researcher in mechanical and manufacturing engineering at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. He is an expert on cold spray additive manufacturing, selective laser melting, and similar deposition methods.

Background 
In July 2004, Lupoi completed a master's degree in mechanical engineering at Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy. Then, he was awarded a PhD from the University of Bath, UK in 2008, with thesis title "Effect of shape, size and material on energy dissipation in Equal Channel Angular Extrusion". From a grant he received for his PhD, Lupoi was able to develop a new technology that dissipates energy in engineering systems against earthquakes, collisions and other unwanted events. 

From October 2008 to July 2012, Lupoi joined the Institute of Manufacturing at the University of Cambridge as a research associate focusing on melting-free material additive processes. He is currently Assistant Professor within the Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department of Trinity College Dublin.

Research career 
In 2011, he was awarded of a Marie Curie Fellowship from the EU, which supports research training and career development.

In 2015, he led a research program on 3D printing of metal components and reducing its cost, which received funding from the European Space Agency (ESA). With other professors he has been able to improve efficiency of cold spray 3D printing technology by increasing the speed to 2,472 km per hour and using helium gas as a carrier of the metallic particles.

In February 2019, he was one of eleven Trinity College researchers to be awarded of the SFI Technology Innovation Development Award (TIDA). He is also a Funded Investigator of AMBER and I-Form in the development of free-form printing of orthopedic implants with selective laser melting, which also involves research on biomedical compatibility of the three-dimensional manufactured parts.

He is also one of the inventors of a patented technology "SprayLaze" consisting of a Laser-based coating. Lupoi is actively involved in projects with the Irish Research Council on spacecraft coating systems and Enterprise Ireland on additive and cold spray techniques for valve components.

Notable publications 
 Yin S, Cavaliere P, Aldwell B, Jenkins R, Liao H, Li W, Lupoi R. Cold spray additive manufacturing and repair: Fundamentals and applications. Additive Manufacturing. 2018 May 1;21:628-50 
 Li W, Yang K, Yin S, Yang X, Xu Y, Lupoi R. Solid-state additive manufacturing and repairing by cold spraying: A review. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2018 Mar 1;34(3):440-57 
 Yin S, Xie Y, Cizek J, Ekoi EJ, Hussain T, Dowling DP, Lupoi R. Advanced diamond-reinforced metal matrix composites via cold spray: properties and deposition mechanism. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2017 Mar 15;113:44-54

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Polytechnic University of Turin alumni
Academics of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of the University of Bath
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Inclined building. An inclined building is a building that was intentionally built at an incline. Buildings are built with an incline primarily for aesthetics, offering a unique feature to a city's skyline, as well as framing other buildings and structures between them when built in pairs.

Design

Despite the outward appearance of an inclined building as "leaning-over", they are as structurally sound as any non-inclined building. The mass of the building's upper floors is always equal or less than the mass of the building's lower floors, ensuring the building remains balanced around its centre of mass.

The upward slope of an inclined building is not to be confused with the upward slope of an otherwise non-inclined building, such as the Leadenhall Building in London. It should also not be confused with the top-heavy design of an otherwise non-inclined building, such as Vancouver House in Vancouver.

Tallest inclined buildings
As of October 2019, this list includes all intentionally inclined buildings (completed and architecturally topped out) which reach a height of 30 metres (98 ft) or more, as assessed by their highest architectural feature. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts.

Other Examples
 
 A pair of 101m (331ft) tall inclined buildings featuring a 15° tilt can be found in Chongqing, China.
 A pair of inclined buildings connected by a skybridge can be found in Akademgorodok, a town located 30 km south of Novosibirsk, Russia.
 An inclined office building is proposed as part of the new "Brighouse Village" redevelopment located across the street from Richmond Centre in Richmond, British Columbia.

See also 
Inclined tower
List of leaning towers
List of tallest buildings

References

External links 
 Inclined towers as electricity pylons at Hoover Dam
Xiaobo Qu. Xiaobo Qu () is a Chinese civil engineer, traffic and transportation scientist. He has been a professor at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Chalmers University of Technology since March 2018. He is also leader of the research group Urban Mobility Systems in the Division of Geology and Geotechnics at the same university. He has been elected as a member of both the European Academy of Sciences and Academia Europaea in 2020.

Academic career
Prior to his professorial appointment at Chalmers University of Technology, he lectured at the University of Technology Sydney and Griffith University. He is an associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, and Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, and guest editor for eight journals.

Xiaobo Qu's research focuses on integrating emerging technologies with urban mobility systems. Some results of his research have been practically implemented in freeway management, public transport operations, and intelligent vehicles. Xiaobo Qu has taught traffic and transport courses in Australia and Sweden. He has been invited to give keynote speeches at a number of conferences, and has been awarded Griffith Sciences Learning and Teaching Citations, Early Career Researcher Award, and Excellence of a Research Group Award in 2015.

References

Living people
Academic journal editors
Academic staff of the Chalmers University of Technology
Chinese civil engineers
Chinese expatriates in Australia
Chinese expatriates in Sweden
Academic staff of Griffith University
Transport engineers
Academic staff of the University of Technology Sydney
Year of birth missing (living people)
ČD Class 749. The ČD 749 class is a diesel electric locomotive, created through refurbishment of classes 751 and 752 (formally T 478.2 under ČSD).

History
Following the move away from steam haulage on Czechoslovakia railways, it was decided that heating of passenger cars would move from steam heat, where steam from a boiler is piped through the train, to electric train heat. To convert the locomotives to the 749 class, the steam boiler was removed, and replaced with an alternator to provide electric train supply for heating. This process also took place with the locomotives of the ČD Class 753, which were converted to the 750 class.

The prototype for the conversion took place in 1992, with locomotive 751 039 being converted, with a second locomotive being converted in 1993. Following these two, 60 locomotives were converted, with the process being carried out until 1996. The final locomotive was additionally modified with a new electrical control system. The locomotives chosen to be converted were selected from all production series, therefore the new numbers do not form a continuous series.

Especially after 2005 the locomotives were increasingly used in freight transport, mainly to replace the aging unrebuilt 751 and 753 classes, and due to increasing electrification rendering the diesel locomotives obsolete. In 2007, several locomotives were transferred to ČD Cargo, following the separation from České dráhy.

Current operations
Today the remaining freight locomotives are based around České Budějovice, where they are used when freight trains are diverted away from the wires. At České dráhy several locomotives are still operational at Prague's Vršovice depot, working weekend services to Čerčany.

Technical Information
Class 749 is a dual cab, four axle locomotive. The prime mover is a ČKD K 6 S 310 DR, a four stroke, six cylinder diesel engine, fitted with a PDH 50 V turbocharger.

All four axles are fitted with DC traction motors, manufactured by ČKD.

References

Diesel–electric locomotives of Czechoslovakia
Diesel–electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Railway locomotives introduced in 1992
Ethylene episulfoxide. Ethylene episulfoxide is the organosulfur compound with the formula C2H4SO.  A colorless liquid, it is one of the simplest sulfoxides.  Because it is a strained ring, ethylene sulfoxide is a highly reactive molecule, decomposing thermally to sulfur monoxide and ethylene.  It is prepared by oxidation of ethylene sulfide with periodate.

References

Episulfides
Sulfoxides
GASP (simulation language). GASP, GASP II and GASP IV are FORTRAN-based simulation languages. GASP stands for General Activity Simulation Program.

SLAM (Simulation Language for Analogue Modelling) is a simulation language based on Fortran and GASP.

GASP
Work on the original GASP project was done by Philip J. Kiviat at U.S. Steel Corporation, and was gearedto use on small to medium size computers with FORTRAN II compilers. 

Like SIMSCRIPT (conceived in 1962), there are developmental links of GASP (1964) at RAND Corporation.

While one of the RAND principals conceded that "GASP cannot compete with SIMSCRIPT" the same person praised GASP's strength: that it "serves well those who have only a small machine or who use several computers with no common language."

GASP II
While GASP II is an extension of GASP which even supports PERT simulations,  a version named Basic GASP II was introduced to facilitate reduced per-user computer resources in a teaching environment.

Pritsker and Kiviat "decided not to rewrite GASP in FORTRAN IV" to retain support for both small and newer/larger

GASP IV
'GASP IV was a further extension.

References

Programming languages created in 1964
Simulation programming languages