omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sikorsky S-6. The Sikorsky S-6 was a Russian single engine experimental aircraft similar to the S-5, built in 1911 by Igor Sikorsky.

Design and development

Construction of the first S-6 was started in August 1911. The three bay biplane was powered by an Argus 4-cylinder water-cooled engine producing . Initial flight tests in late November were disappointing, revealing a long take-off run and poor climb performance. Sikorsky disassembled the aircraft and took it home where substantial modifications were undertaken, including lengthening the wingspan and reducing aerodynamic drag by enclosing the fuselage with wood veneer. Ailerons on the lower wing were removed and strut bracing wires were arranged in pairs with wooden spacers between them, further reducing drag.

Sikorsky now called the machine the S-6-A and it exhibited remarkable improvement. During one flight with three men on board the aircraft registered a speed of , exceeding the world record at that time and in February 1912 the S-6-A earned the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition.

In late spring 1912 Sikorsky began working at the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works as chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division. Work was started on a refined version of the S-6-A called the S-6-B with strengthened landing gear and a mechanism to permit starting the engine from the cockpit. Completed in July, the S-6-B was entered in the international military competition at Saint Petersburg in August and flown by Sikorsky. The S-6-B reached a speed of  while carrying a  load, climbed to  in fifteen minutes and displayed an endurance of greater than 90 minutes. At the end of the competition on 30 September the S-6-B was announced the winner leading to "an order for a few" more of the type.

Specifications (first aircraft)

References

S-036
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Russian civil aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1911
Joe L. Hayes. Joseph Lynn "Joe" Hayes (February 18, 1930 – February 16, 2018) was an American civil engineer, lobbyist, politician and surveyor.

Joe Hayes was born in Bakersfield, Missouri to Norman "Darby" and Dicy Hayes.  His uncle, Herman Cotter, worked throughout the Territory of Alaska during World War II and convinced the Hayes family to accompany him and his family in their move to Alaska.  Making the trip in June 1946, they were among the first civilians to travel the Alaska Highway.  The Hayes family settled in Anchorage, where he graduated from Anchorage High School the following year.

Hayes received his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Washington in 1951, and his master's degree from the University of Alaska in 1966. Hayes was a surveyor and civil engineer. He was a partner in the engineering firm Tryck, Nyman and Hayes in Anchorage, which has been one of Alaska's leading engineering firms since the late 20th century. Hayes served as chair of the Anchorage Platting Commission from 1959 to 1964. From 1977 to 1984, Hayes served in the Alaska House of Representatives as a Republican representing west Anchorage. In 1981 and 1983, Hayes served as speaker of the house, gaining the office as a result of a leadership coup in which dissident Democrats formed a coalition with members of all three parties (which included two Libertarians), deposing the Democratic House leadership and incumbent speaker Jim Duncan.

Hayes ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Anchorage in 1981. He ran for governor in the 1986 primary election.  He spent nearly a million dollars of his own money but fared little well in the crowded field, gaining 5.3 percent of the vote among fourteen candidates in the blanket primary and coming in a distant fourth among Republicans, behind Arliss Sturgulewski, Wally Hickel and Dick Randolph.

After leaving elected office, Hayes became a lobbyist.  At the turn of the 21st century, he was Alaska's top legislative lobbyist, earning nearly ten percent of the total revenue spent on lobbying in Alaska by himself.  After retiring, he bought an estate in Missouri and returned there to live.  He reunited with his cousin in June 2016 in Anchorage to recall his trip up the Alaska Highway;  the two were the only surviving members of that party at the time.

A Lutheran, Hayes married Patricia and they had three daughters.  Hayes died at age 87 on February 16, 2018 in Anchorage.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
Republican Party members of the Alaska House of Representatives
American civil engineers
American lobbyists
American Lutherans
American surveyors
Businesspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
Candidates in the 1986 United States elections
Engineers from Alaska
Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska
People from Ozark County, Missouri
People from the Territory of Alaska
Speakers of the Alaska House of Representatives
University of Alaska Fairbanks alumni
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
20th-century members of the Alaska Legislature
Turpan–Ürümqi–Dahuangshan Expressway. The Turpan–Ürümqi–Dahuangshan Expressway (), commonly referred to as the Tuwuda Expressway (), is an expressway in the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang linking Turpan, Ürümqi, and Dahuangshan, a mountain peak in Fukang.  Construction began on March 21, 1995, and the expressway opened on August 20, 1998. 

The project was built with the support of a $150 million World Bank loan. Currently, the section from Turpan to Xiaocaohu, at the interchange with G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway in Toksun, is not built to expressway standards, with grade-separated junctions. However, an expansion project is underway to upgrade this section of expressway to expressway standards, as well as expand the remainder of the expressway from 4 to 8 lanes.

Description

G30 section 
The expressway begins in the city of Turpan as a continuation of the G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway (Xingxingxia–Turpan Expressway section), and travels west to Toksun, where it meets the G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway (Xiaocaohu–Hoxud Expressway section), which is concurrent with China National Highway 314, at the Xiaocaohu Interchange. From there, it continues northwest to Ürümqi, where it meets the G3003 Ürümqi Ring Expressway at the Wulabo interchange south of the city core. This section of the expressway is signed as part of the G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway as well as the new alignment of China National Highway 312.

G216 section and future G7 section 
Past the Wulabo interchange, the expressway passes through the city centre of Ürümqi before meeting the Xinjiang S114 portion of the Ürümqi–Kuytun Expressway at the Shangshahe interchange. It continues north and east to Dahuangshan, terminating at the Wucaiwan–Dahuangshan Expressway in Dahuangshan, a town in Fukang city. This portion of the expressway is designated China National Highway 216, and will be designated part of the G7 Beijing–Ürümqi Expressway when the latter expressway is fully constructed (this designation is currently unsigned). Further east past Dahuangshan, the expressway becomes the Dahuangshan–Qitai Expressway, carrying the designation of China National Highway 335.

References

Expressways in Xinjiang
Peyret-Le Prieur seaplane. The Peyret-le Prieur seaplane was a low power, two seat biplane floatplane trainer flown in France in 1924. It did not reach production.

Design and development
Yves Le Prieur had identified a need for a simple, economical training aircraft on which pupils could master the behaviour of seaplanes and approached the designer and constructer Louis Peyret for a suitable aircraft. The outcome was the Peyret-Le Prieur seaplane.

It was a single bay biplane, with rectangular plan wings mounted without stagger and braced by two pairs of parallel, vertical interplane struts and bracing wires, with a large interplane gap of . The wings were wooden, two-spar, two-part structures, with spruce leading edges. Broad, full-span ailerons on upper and lower wings were externally connected.

The seaplane had a rectangular section fuselage, built around four longerons and plywood covered. It was widest under the wing leading edge, where on each side a vertical cabane strut joined the upper longeron to the forward spar, and where pupil and tutor sat side-by-side in an open cockpit. The short nose ahead of them remained wide and the engine, unusually, was mounted off-set to port. Initially a  four-cylinder inline Sergant A was used, its radiator mounted midway up the portside cabane strut. At the rear the large area empennage was conventional, with a large span, rectangular plan all-moving tail mounted on top of the fuselage. Its triangular fin carried a roughly rhomboidal rudder which reached down to the keel through an elevator cut-out.

The seaplane had simple, rectangular cross-section floats. The flat undersides curved up towards the nose, reaching just beyond the propeller and the aft ends were under the ailerons. There was no step. Each float was attached with four aluminium tube struts, two leaning inwards to the lower fuselage longeron and two outwards to the wing spars. They were constructed of wood, with ash frames and mahogany plywood covering.  The tail was protected with a cylindrical float of the same construction, attached longitudinally under the fin.

Fitted with the Sergant engine, the seaplane began tests on Lake Annecy in the summer of 1924 but it was unable to reach water speeds fast enough to unstick. In response a  Anzani 6 radial engine was substituted, again mounted off-set. With this, the seaplane left the water easily on its first flight on 24 August 1924. Further tests showed that about  was required for take-off, though once in the air,  was enough. By mid-September nineteen flights had been made, some lasting about 30 minutes, and a passenger had been carried.  The seaplane then returned to Paris, where it was fitted with a wheeled undercarriage for further tests, though by January 1925 it was flying from water again, at Pecq.

By September 1924 the aircraft was judged a success and a second was under construction. Le Prieur had plans for a floatplane flying school at Annecy. It is not known if the second machine was completed or the school set up.

Specifications (Sergant engine)

References

Floatplanes
Trainer aircraft
Peyret aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder. Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder  (28 April 1848 – 6 March 1901) was a Dutch engineer and foreign advisor specializing in hydraulic engineering in Meiji period Empire of Japan.

Mulder was born in Leiden, Kingdom of the Netherlands as the son of a tobacco trader. He obtained his degree as a civil engineer from what is now TU Delft in 1872.

After graduation, Mulder served as a supervisor of water management on the River Waal at Herwijnen. However, after only one year, he was invited by Prince Henry, the son of King William II to establish a trading post at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal, near Port Said in Egypt. Although his contemporaries advised against the venture, Mulder lived in Egypt from August 1873 to August 1876, and built the main house, a warehouse, a coal shed, a goods shed, service residences, two piers and the foundation for a water reservoir as well as a hotel. The trading post proved commercially successful, but the venture was terminated with the unexpected death of Prince Henry in 1876.

Mulder returned to the Netherlands, where he built the Change Canal in The Hague, as well as a steam-powered tramway in Haarlem.

Mulder was then recruited by the government of Japan in late 1879. He was responsible for improvements to the course of the Tone River, Kinugawa River, Fuji River, Yodo River and the Sumida River; however, in Japan he became known as a specialist in the redesign and improvements of ports and harbours. In addition to Port of Tokyo, where access had previously been hampered by large mudbanks, he also worked on ports in Okayama, Hiroshima, Hachinohe and Shimonoseki. His contemporaries in Japan included Cornelis Johannes van Doorn and Johannis de Rijke and George Arnold Escher.

After his contract expired in 1890, he returned to the Hague. In 1897 he returned to the Netherland, and designed a system of steam-powered tram lines in Nijmegen. He died in Nijmegen in 1901.

References 
 Gasteren, L.A. van e.a. (red.), In een Japanse stroomversnelling: berichten van Nederlandse watermannen – rijswerkers, ingenieurs, werkbazen – 1872-1903, Amsterdam; Zutphen: Euro Book Productions/Walburg Pers, 2000.
von Graaf, Rutger. Urban Water in Japan CRC Press, 2008,

External links 
 Anthonie Thomas Lubertus Rouwenhorst Mulder, Johan Christoffel Ramaer in het Nieuw Nederlands Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW)

Notes

1848 births
1901 deaths
People from Leiden
Dutch expatriates in Japan
Dutch civil engineers
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-era Japan
China Railways YJ. The China Railways YJ (Chinese: 跃进; pinyin: Yuè Jìn; lit. 'leap forward') design is based on China Railways PL2 class 2-6-2, itself derived from the JF6 2-8-2, the predecessor of the well known SY class mikado. According to Chinese sources a total of 202 locos were produced between 1958 and 1961.

At least two YJs are preserved. YJ 232 is at Baotou Steelworks, YJ 269 is at Diaobingshan, Tiefa, Liaoning.

See also 
China Railways JF6
China Railways SY
China Railways PL2

References

Further reading 

 

Railway locomotives introduced in 1958
Standard gauge locomotives of China
2-6-2 locomotives
Steam locomotives of China
Freight locomotives
Tangshan locomotives
Pavel Jungwirth. Pavel Jungwirth (born 20 May 1966 in Prague, Czech Republic) is a Czech physical chemist. Since 2004, he has been the head of the Senior Research Group at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences. He has also been a professor in the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University since 2000. He has also been a senior editor of the Journal of Physical Chemistry since 2009. He is popularly known for studying the explosive reaction between alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, and water; his research on this subject indicates that these reactions result from a Coulomb explosion. He and his colleagues have also discovered a way to slow down this reaction, which they used to determine the source of a blue flash that is briefly produced during the reaction.

Pavel Jungwirth is a coordinator of an international science competition Dream Chemistry Award.

References

Czech chemists
Living people
1966 births
Charles University alumni
Academic staff of Charles University
Scientists from Prague
Organic chemists

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS
Winterthur universal drive. The Winterthur universal drive or SLM universal drive () was a drive for electric locomotives invented by Swiss engineer Jakob Buchli at Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) in the 1920s.

Design
After developing the successful Buchli drive at Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC), Buchli moved to SLM at Winterthur in 1924, where he designed the universal drive. It was characterised by double gearbox, which enabled the transmission ratio to be selected freely within a wide range. Two coaxially opposed motors were arranged in the frame above each drive axle. The driving wheels were driven by a double gearbox, the second being connected centrally to the driving wheels by means of a universal joint.

Service
The Winterthur universal drive was extensively used by SLM in locomotive designs from 1928 to 1948. It was compact and had a relatively light unsprung weight. However, it was difficult to access for maintenance and repair work, a particular problem as the gears were prone to wear. The drive was unpopular amongst drivers due to loud noise that it made, and production was discontinued when the design was rendered obsolete with the advent of lighter motors which enabled the modern axle-hung (also known as nose-suspended due to the "nose" that transfers weight and torque to the frame), direct-drive designs.

Locomotives

See also
 Quill drive
 Tschanz drive

References

Locomotive parts
Electric locomotives of Switzerland
Ford Instrument Company. The Ford Instrument Company was a U.S. corporation known for being the primary supplier of fire control Rangekeepers and analog computers for the United States Navy before and during World War II.

It was founded in 1915 by Hannibal Choate Ford as the Ford Marine Appliance Corporation, later been renamed in 1916 as the Ford Instrument Company. Prior to founding the company Ford had worked closely with Elmer Ambrose Sperry holding the position of Chief Engineer of the Sperry Gyroscope Company.

In 1930 the company was purchased by North American Aviation for $3m, it would subsequently be spun off alone with other non-aviation concerns into Sperry Corporation as part of the purchase of North American by General Motors Corporation who purchased a controlling interest in NAA, and merged it with the General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation.

Ford would thus operate as an independent division of Sperry and later Sperry Rand Corporation.

A personal blog, Doug Coward's Analog History Museum, includes a page with details for the Ford Instrument Company Computer Mark I that was used after 1939 on WW II naval guns up to 5 inch and anti-aircraft guns. (via Wayback Machine) This page has a background stating that the Ford Instrument Company is a subsidiary of Sperry Rand, indicating that the displayed page was supplied by Sperry while operating as Sperry Rand, 1955 and 1978.

References

Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Military computers
Lithium ruthenate. Lithium ruthenate, Li2RuO3, is a chemical compound of lithium, ruthenium and oxygen. It has a layered honeycomb crystal structure, and can be prepared by direct calcination of Ru metal and lithium carbonate at ca. 700 °C. It is a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material, though this application is hindered by the high costs of Ru, as compared to the cheaper Li2MnO3 alternative.

References

Lithium compounds
Ruthenates
Lithium platinate. Lithium platinate, Li2PtO3, is a chemical compound of lithium, platinum and oxygen. It is a semiconductor with a layered honeycomb crystal structure and a band gap of 2.3 eV, and can be prepared by direct calcination of Pt metal and lithium carbonate at ca. 600 °C. Lithium platinate is a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material, though this application is hindered by the high costs of Pt, as compared to the cheaper Li2MnO3 alternative.

References

Lithium compounds
Platinum(IV) compounds
Transition metal oxyanions
INS Bangaram. INS Bangaram (T65) the lead ship of the  of the Indian Navy is designed for interdiction against fast moving surface vessels and for search-and-rescue operations in coastal areas and in the exclusive economic zone. Named after Bangaram in Lakshadweep, the vessel was designed and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers. The diesel generators on board are supplied by Cummins India. The electronic equipment on board is from Bharat Electronics Limited, ECIL and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Operations

In Dec 2016 INS Bangaram was operationally deployed in the rescue of 800 tourist alongside ,  and LCU 38 from the Havelock Island and ferried them to Port Blair as a result of severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal.

In Mar 2017 the warship alongside INS Karmuk (P64) visited Yangon in Myanmar to take part in the 5th Indo-Myanmar coordinated patrol CORPAT.

References

Bangaram-class patrol vessels
Ships built in India
2004 ships
ISO/IEC 90003. ISO/IEC 90003 Software engineering -- Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 to computer software is a guidelines developed for organizations in the application of ISO 9001 to the acquisition, supply, development, operation and maintenance of computer software and related support services.

This standard was developed by technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 Software and systems engineering. 

ISO/IEC 90003 originally published as ISO 9000-3 for the first time in December 1997, was issued for the first time as an ISO/IEC 90003 in February 2004.

The review cycle of ISO 90003 is every 5 years.

Main requirements of the standard 
The ISO/IEC 90003:2014 adopts the ISO structure in 8 chapters in the following breakdown:
 Scope
 Normative references
 Terms and definitions
 Quality management system
 Management responsibility
 Resource management
 Product realization
 Measurement, analysis and improvement

See also 
 List of ISO standards
 List of IEC standards
 International Organization for Standardization

References

External links 
  ISO/IEC 90003—Software engineering -- Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001 to computer software
 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7—Software and systems engineering

90003
Software quality
Sentient Technologies. Sentient Technologies was an American artificial intelligence technology company based in San Francisco. Sentient was founded in 2007 and received over $143 million in funding at different points after its inception. As of 2016, Sentient was the world's most well-funded AI company. It focused on e-commerce, online content and trading.

The company was dissolved in 2019.

History
Sentient originally operated in stealth mode as Genetic Finance Holding Ltd. The company was founded in 2007 by Antoine Blondeau, Babak Hodjat and Adam Cheyer who created the natural language technology that led to Siri, Apple's voice recognition software. Sentient raised a $2 million Series A round of funding, and $38 million in a Series B round led by Horizons Ventures. Sentient emerged from stealth mode in November 2014 with $103.5 million in Series C funding.

Sentient worked with Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to analyze blood pressure to predict the likelihood of sepsis in ICU patients. The technology was researched in association with Saint Michael's Hospital at the University of Toronto. The platform was also used to successfully automate financial services for Sentient's subsidiary, Sentient Investment Management.

In 2015, Sentient launched an AI powered visual intelligence and personalization platform leveraging deep learning and online learning. Shoes.com, a Vancouver-based online shoe retailer, was Sentient's first retail customer for this service. Since its launch, Sentient had other retailer customers. 

Sentient Ascend was launched in September 2016 as a SaaS AI based conversion rate optimization platform, largely based on the same AI methods used in its financial technology IP.

In 2019, Sentient Technologies was dissolved, selling off Sentient Ascend to Evolv and much of its AI intellectual property to Cognizant.

Technology
Sentient's platform combined evolutionary computation, which mimics biological evolution, and deep learning, which is based on the structure of nervous systems. Sentient's algorithms worked across as many as two million CPU cores and 5000 GPU cards across 4,000 physical sites around the world, making it one of the largest known systems dedicated to AI.

References

Technology companies established in 2007
Companies based in San Francisco
2007 establishments in California
Artificial intelligence laboratories
Technology companies disestablished in 2019
2019 disestablishments in California