omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Optical properties. The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics) and applied in materials science. The optical properties of matter include:
Refractive index
Dispersion
Transmittance and Transmission coefficient
Absorption
Scattering
Turbidity
Reflectance and Reflectivity (reflection coefficient)
Albedo
Perceived color
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence
Photoluminescence
Optical bistability
Dichroism
Birefringence
Optical activity
Photosensitivity

A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions.

The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.

Properties of specific materials
Optical properties of water and ice
Optical properties of carbon nanotubes
Crystal optics

Literature
 
 

Properties
Materials science
LKL II. The LKL II was a Polish three-seat competitive touring aircraft first flown in 1930.

Design and development

The LKL II was the first aircraft built in the workshop of the Lubelski Klub Lotniczy (LKL) and was intended to compete in the 1930 Second Challenge de Tourisme International. Two examples of the three-seat cabin monoplane were built together, starting in the summer of 1929 and completed the following year with a first flight in July 1930 flown by Jozef Zuromski.  The second airframe was destroyed by fire during its first take-off attempt.

The LKL II was a high, cantilever wing aircraft of mixed construction which had a one-piece, two spar wooden wing with plywood covering, elliptical in plan and bolted directly on the top of the welded steel tube fuselage structure. It was powered by a  Walter Vega five-cylinder radial engine, mounted with its cylinders exposed for cooling. Behind the engine the fuselage was fabric covered. Its large, enclosed cabin had a bench seat for two passengers behind the pilot and a luggage compartment at the rear. Entry was via a starboard side door.

Its empenage was a steel tube structure with fabric covering. The fin was triangular and carried a deep semi-circular rudder which worked between the elevators. Its tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and was adjustable.

The LKL II had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with mainwheeels on streamlined struts hinged on the lower longerons. These joined rubber shock absorbers placed within the fuselage.

Operational history

The loss of the second airframe slowed the development of the first, preventing it from participating in the Challenge but it was later much used by the LKL, taking part in several later contests. It came fifth in the first Lublinian-Podlasian competition early in 1931 and seventh out of twenty-two in the Fourth National Lightplane Contest in September 1931, on both occasions flown by Zuromski. It continued to take part in local events through 1932 until it was retired in 1934.

Bartolewski and Teisseyre considered an ambulance development of the LKL II and also studied and perhaps began to build the LKL III, which would have had a cleaned-up fuselage and a more powerful engine, but neither proposal generated sufficient funding to complete them.

Specifications

References

Single-engined tractor aircraft
1930s Polish civil utility aircraft
AeroTwin AT972T. The AeroTwin AT972T is an American aircraft engine, designed and produced by the AeroTwin Motors Corporation, a subsidiary of the AirScooter Corporation of Henderson, Nevada for use in ultralight aircraft, in particular their AirScooter helicopter design.

The company seems to have been founded about 2002 and gone out of business in 2012 and production ended.

Design and development
The engine is a twin-cylinder four-stroke, in-line,  displacement, air and oil-cooled, gasoline engine design, with either a poly V belt or mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a clutch and reduction ratios of 1.88, 2.00 and 2.14:1. It employs dual electronic ignition and produces  at 4200 rpm, with a compression ratio of 8.0:1.

Specifications (AT972T)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

AeroTwin aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
2000s aircraft piston engines
Super Robot Wars OG Saga: Endless Frontier Exceed. Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier Exceed is a crossover role-playing video game developed by Monolith Soft and published by Namco Bandai Games for the Nintendo DS (DS) in 2010. Forming part of the Super Robot Wars  series, Endless Frontier Exceed is a sequel to the  2008 DS game Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier, carrying over its gameplay elements.

Premise
Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier Exceed is a crossover role-playing video game. Players take control of a party of characters drawn from multiple anime and video game franchises. Gameplay is divided between field navigation, dialogue sections between characters, and turn-based battles where players can expend action points to perform different moves.

Development
Endless Frontier Exceed was co-developed by Monolith Soft, a Japanese company known for its work on the Xenosaga series, and Super Robot Wars creators Banpresto. The team from Monolith Soft included veterans from the PlayStation 2 crossover title Namco × Capcom. The scenario was written by director Soichiro Morizumi, using his recurring story theme of "Love". The anime opening was produced by Xebec. The music was handled by a team of composers from Salamander, a music production company which had worked on earlier Super Robot Wars. The theme song "UNCHAIN∞WORLD" was composed by Noriyasu Agematsu of Element Garden, and performed by Nana Mizuki. The game was released on February 25, 2010.

Reception
During its debut week, Endless Frontier Exceed reached third place in gaming charts, with sales of 65,000 units. In subsequent weeks it remained in the top twenty, with total sales by March coming to over 87,000 units.

Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu gave the game a score of 32 out of 40.

Notes

References

External links
Official site

2010 video games
Bandai Namco games
Banpresto games
Monolith Soft games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Super Robot Wars
Video games developed in Japan
Xebec (studio)
DWA LVT/S. DWA LVT/S is a diesel multiple unit for regional traffic with low-floor entry.

History
In 1996, Deutsche Waggonbau designed the double-decker DB Class 670, which, however, did not satisfy its operational requirements. As an alternative, the DWA developed the single-deck railcar LVT/S (DBAG Class 672), which was designed to be more robust and suitable for full-track use. With the acquisition of DWA by Bombardier Transportation a further construction was omitted as well as an extension of the vehicle range to a control car or a twin-railcar variant.

Service

In 1998, some vehicles were used by the Butzbach-Licher Eisenbahn on the Friedberg-Friedrichsdorf railway line because the ordered GTW 2/6 could not be delivered on time.

19 vehicles have been used by the Burgenlandbahn in Saxony-Anhalt since 1999 (as of 1 July 2008). The vehicles are stationed in Weißenfels.

Originally the vehicles were called KEG VT 3.01 to VT 3.18. Since the takeover of the vehicles by DB Regio in the year 2004 they are listed as 672 series. In the inventory there are the vehicles 672 901 to 904, 906 to 911 and 913 to 920. 672 912 is parked after a fire and 672 905 was retired on 27 November 2014. From April 2006 to December 2006, the vehicles were not used because of a damage of the frame for safety reasons until their renovation. Since March 2012, 672 919 and 920 have been stored as pre-production models. They have solid shafts for which there are no test instructions that meet the requirements of the Federal Railway Authority (EBA).

Due to a redesign of the VT 2E of the Frankfurt-Königsteiner Eisenbahn (as well as the Butzbach-Licher Eisenbahn, a subsidiary of the Hessische Landesbahn), three units of this type were used from 2006 to 2007 on the Königsteiner Bahn. These came from Bombardier and were on loan. In the meantime, they belong to the Hanseatische Eisenbahn.

In December 2011, the Städtebahn Sachsen rented a vehicle from Bombardier, which was mostly used between Pirna and Neustadt in Sachsen. In the meantime, the vehicle has been repainted and operates since December 2012 on the lines won by the Eisenbahngesellschaft Potsdam in the Prignitz.

References

External links

Bombardier Transportation multiple units
Diesel multiple units of Germany
Train-related introductions in 1996
Lucy Rogers. Lucy Elizabeth Rogers (born 1973) is a British author, inventor, and engineer. She is a visiting professor of engineering, creativity and communication at Brunel University London and has served as a judge on the BBC Two show Robot Wars from 2016 to 2018.

Education 

Rogers studied mechanical engineering at Lancaster University with an industrial placement year at Rolls-Royce Power Systems. She graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering degree. She stayed in Lancaster for her PhD which investigated how bubbles are formed in equipment used to fight petrochemical fires.

Career, research and public engagement
She attended NASA's Singularity University graduate studies program in 2011, where she co-authored a report on space debris.

In 2008 she published It's ONLY Rocket Science, a plain English guide to the mechanics of spaceflight.

Rogers hosts The DesignSpark Podcast with comedians Bec Hill and Harriet Braine.

In 2018 she founded the Guild of Makers to bring together makers from all disciplines and skill levels, which ran until 2020.

Awards and honours
Rogers is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 2020. The Rooke Award committee highly commended Rogers for her efforts to promote engineering to the public. She is also a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (FIMechE).

In 2024 she received an MBE for "Services to Engineering".

In 2022 she won the "Women in Aerospace and Aviation Committee Award" from the Royal Aeronautical Society and became an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineering Designers.

In 2019 she received an alumni award for "high-flying" Lancaster University graduates.

In 2013 she was shortlisted for the WISE Campaign award.

References 

Living people
BBC television presenters
Alumni of Lancaster University
Alumni of Fylde College, Lancaster
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
British women engineers
British roboticists
Women roboticists
British inventors
British non-fiction writers
21st-century British women engineers
Women inventors
English inventors
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
1973 births
William Reid (mining engineer). Sir William Reid FRSE FIME DSc DCL (20 June 1906–2 October 1985) was a 20th-century Scottish businessman and mining engineer. He served as President of the Mining Institute of Scotland 1951/2 and as President of the Institute of Mining Engineers 1956/7. He was Chairman of the Durham Division of the National Coal Board.

Life
He was born on 20 June 1906 the son of Sir Charles Carlow Reid (1879–1961), a mining engineer and author of the "Reid Report" on British mining, and cousin to mining entrepreneur Charles Augustus Carlow.

William was educated at Dollar Academy. He studied mining and metallurgy at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc in 1929 and gaining a doctorate (PhD) in 1933.

In 1956 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Robert McAdam, Sir Edmund Hirst, James Pickering Kendall, and Hugh Bryan Nisbet. He received honorary doctorates from Heriot-Watt University in 1967 (DSc) and from Durham University in 1970 (DCL).

He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1972.

He died on 2 October 1985 is buried with his parents in Beath Cemetery in Cowdenbeath in Fife.

Family

He was married to Sheila Janette Christiana Davidson.

Publications

The Reconstruction of the British Mining Industry (1949) with his father Sir Charles Reid

References

1906 births
1985 deaths
People from Fife
People educated at Dollar Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Knights Bachelor
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Scottish mining engineers
Robert Carstairs Reid. Robert Carstairs Reid  (6 December 1845–4 March 1894) was a 19th-century Scottish civil engineer. He specialised in harbour works and water supply.

Life

He was born in Kettle, Fife on 6 December 1845, the second son of Amelia Carstairs (1818-1890) and her husband, Rev William Reid (1810-1884) the local minister.

He was educated at the Edinburgh Institution then studied civil engineering at the University of Edinburgh before joining the office of James Leslie. His first major project was Thornhill Waterworks. He then did various surveys before working on the Lintrathen Extension to Dundee's Waterworks and the Moorfoot Extension to Edinburgh's Waterworks.

In 1881 he became a partner with his friend, creating J & A Leslie & Reid, engineers. Their main work was upgrading Paisley's water supply.

He died at home, 60 Palmerston Place in Edinburgh's West End on 4 March 1894. He is buried in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies on the south side of the south-west spur.

Family

In 1875 he married Charlotte Leslie (1846-1935) sister of his schoolfriend and later business partner Alexander Leslie. Their children included William Carstairs Reid FRSE (d.1937).

References

1845 births
1894 deaths
People from Fife
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish civil engineers
Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar. Haryana Space Applications Centre, Hisar (HARSAC), a collaborator of ISRO, is a nodal agency for Remote Sensing and GIS applications of the Government of Haryana. It is located next to Centre for Plant Biotechnology (PCB) within the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in the Haryana state of India. It provides various remote sensing applications such as in monitoring agriculture, forestry, water resources, 
illegal constructions and encroachments, stubble burning and pollution monitoring, and revival of Saraswati river.

It also offers MTech degree in association with GJU Hisar University.

Controversies
In 2016, environmental activists accused a Senior Scientist of HARSAC for allegedly helping builders in encroaching upon a part of a 27 km long seasonal rivulet in Gurugram, subsequently a departmental inquiry was conducted by the Director of the HARSAC. Another complaint before the Haryana Lokayukta against the HARSAC for allegedly providing favourable reports to the financial interests of unauthorised was disposed off after it was taken back by the complainant.

See also

Lists
 List of universities and colleges in Hisar
 List of Indian satellites
 List of foreign satellites launched by India
 List of ISRO missions
 List of government space agencies
 Index of aerospace engineering articles

Topics
 Timeline of Solar System exploration

Organisations
 Department of Space
 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing
 Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
 National Remote Sensing Centre
 Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization

External links
 Haryana Space Application Centre (HrDSI)
 Space Application Maps of Haryana, produced by Haryana Space Application Centre.
 Canal network of Haryana, based on water from Western Yamuna Canal.
 Multi-model transport network map of Haryana, created by HARSAC.
 Railway network of Haryana, created by HARSAC.

References 

Universities and colleges in Hisar (city)
Research institutes in Hisar (city)
Science and technology in Haryana
Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing
AICTA LMD 416-00R. The AICTA LMD 416-00R is a Czech aircraft engine, that was designed and produced by AICTA Design Work of Prague for use in light aircraft.

The company seems to have been founded about 2012 and gone out of business in 2016.

Design and development
The engine is a four-cylinder horizontally-opposed,  displacement, air and liquid-cooled, diesel engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox-style of reduction drive with reduction ratio of 1.6:1. It produces  at 3950 rpm, with a compression ratio of 18:1.

The engine can run on diesel fuel or Jet A-1.

Specifications (LMD 416-00R)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

AICTA aircraft engines
Aircraft diesel engines
John Cullen (chemical engineer). Sir Edward John Cullen FEng PhD DSc (29 October 1926 – 14 January 2018) was a British chemical engineer who was head of the UK Health and Safety Commission and received a knighthood for services to health and safety.

Life and education
Cullen was born in October 1926 in Bury St Edmonds and attended Culford School.  After service in the RAF he went to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1948, graduating in chemical engineering in 1952, followed by a master's degree in the same subject at the University of Texas as a Fulbright Scholar, returning to Cambridge to do a PhD in gas absorption.
He married Betty Hopkins in 1954, and they had four children. He died 14 January 2018.

Career
Cullen joined the research department of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority in 1956, moving to ICI, Billingham as a chemical plant manager, where he remained for three years before going to New York as technical liaison for ICI.  He returned to the UK in 1963 to oversee the building of the refinery on Teesside as a joint venture between ICI and Phillips Petroleum.  From 1967 to 1983 he joined the US company Rohm & Haas finishing as managing director of Rohm & Haas UK.

He had been particularly involved is safety at ICI and from 1979 was European Director of Rohm & Haas, responsible for engineering, regulatory affairs, health, safety and the environment.  This led to him becoming Deputy Chairman of the Chemical Industry Safety, Health & Environment Committee of the Chemical Industries Association and to being Chairman of Health & Safety Commission from 1983 until his retirement in 1993.  During this office he was responsible for overseeing the major hazards legislation COMAH and the occupational health legislation COSHH as well as dealing with major incidents such as the  Piper Alpha, King's Cross fire and Clapham Junction rail crash.

Honours
Cullen was a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, and its President 1988–9.  He was also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.  He was president of the Pipeline Industries Guild from 1996 to 1998.  In 1993 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (DSc) by the University of Exeter. He received a knighthood (Knight Bachelor) in the 1991 Birthday Honours.

References

1926 births
2018 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
British chemical engineers
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
People educated at Culford School
People from Bury St Edmunds
Health and safety in the United Kingdom
Process safety
Royal Air Force airmen
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Military personnel from Bury St Edmunds
HS Engineering. HS Engineering is an Austrian motor racing team. It was founded in 2003 by Michael Hascic. HS Engineering always focussed on regional and continental championships in Germany and Europe. Until 2011, the team was known as HS Technik.

The team gained its first major success in the second year after its foundation, when Bastian Kolmsee won the 2004 German Formula 3 championship. After another win of the same championship in 2010 with Tom Dillmann, the team stepped away from single seaters from 2014 until 2021; where they fielded two Dallara T12's at select BOSS GP rounds in 2021, with the cars prepared by former Auto GP team Zele Racing.

Former series results

German Formula 3

† – Shared results with other teams
‡ – Guest driver, ineligible for points.

Formula 3 Euro Series

‡ – As Day was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

ADAC Formel Masters

References

German Formula 3 teams
Formula 3 Euro Series teams
Formula BMW teams
Richard Lunt. Richard Royal Lunt is a chemical engineer, materials scientist, physicist, and the Johansen Crosby Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing, Michigan, in the United States.  He is most well known for the development of invisible solar cells.

Early life and education 
Lunt was born outside of Philadelphia in 1982. At age 10 he moved to Lexington, Massachusetts. He then attended the University of Delaware, where he received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 2004. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 2010 and performed postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until 2011. He moved to MSU in 2011 after starting to build his laboratory in 2010. He is married to Dr. Sophia Lunt, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at MSU.

Research 
Lunt's research lab is focused on developing organic and quantum dot electronics. He is known for developing a key method to measure exciton diffusion lengths and for pioneering the first invisible solar cells, invisible solar concentrators, and phosphorescent nanocluster light emitting diodes.  Lunt is a cofounder of Ubiquitous Energy, Inc., which is focused on commercializing clear solar cells.

Honors 
Lunt’s work has been recognized by a number of awards, including:  the NSF CAREER Award in 2013; the DuPont Young Professor Award in  2013; the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Environmental Chemistry Mentor Award in 2015; and the 2015 Ovshinsky Sustainable Energy Award from the American Physical Society.  In 2016, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.  Lunt has also been recognized for his devotion and skill in teaching.

References

External links 
 Richard Lunt's academic profile
 Lunt Research Group @ MSU (Molecular and Organic Excitonics Lab)
 The solar cell that is transparent like glass. Keynote Prof. Richard Lunt at BMW Welcomes.
 Transparent Solar Concentrator

1982 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Michigan State University faculty
American materials scientists
University of Delaware alumni
Princeton University alumni
Kenji Okamura. is  the Supervising coach of the Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots in the Japanese B.League.

Head coaching record

 
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Otsuka Corporation Alphas
| style="text-align:left;"|2012-13
|32||13||19|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Eastern|||-||-||-||
| style="text-align:center;"|-

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots
| style="text-align:left;"|2017-18
|60||38||22|||| style="text-align:center;"| 2nd in B2 Central|||-||-||-||
| style="text-align:center;"|-
|-
|-

References

1973 births
Living people
Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots coaches
Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots players

Japanese basketball coaches
Nagoya Diamond Dolphins players
Nihon University Red Sharks men's basketball players
Otsuka Corporation Alphas coaches
Otsuka Corporation Alphas players