omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Low-alloy special purpose steel. Low-alloy special purpose steel is a grade of tool steel characterized by its proportion of iron to other elements, the kind of elements in its composition, and its treatment during the manufacturing process.  The three ASTM established grades of low-alloy special purpose steel are L2, L3, and L6.  This grade originally contained L1, L4, L5 and L7 as well as three F grades (F1, F2, and F3) but because of falling demand only grades L2 and L6 remain in production.

L2
L2 grade steel comes in medium-carbon (0.45%-0.65%) and high-carbon (0.65%-1.1%) formats.

L6
L6 is the most commonly encountered and most frequently made variety of these steels.  It is known for its high wear resistance and its toughness.

Applications
Applications for the L-series of tool steels have included precision gauges, bearings, rollers,  cold-heading dies, swaging dies, feed fingers, spindles, jigs, shears, punches, and drills.  They are also used for machining arbors, cams, chucks, and collets.

References

Steel
NAGL System NAGL. The NAGL System NAGL is an Austrian powered hang glider that was designed and produced by NAGL System of Weißkirchen in Steiermark. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The aircraft features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, single-place accommodation, foot-launching and landing and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft uses a standard hang glider wing, made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The engine is a two-stroke, single cylinder NAGL. The engine is mounted beneath the glider's keel tube, with the exhaust system facing forward and driving a large  propeller via an extension shaft. The large diameter propeller makes for quiet operations, including on takeoff. The fuel tank capacity is , with  optional.

The preferred launch and landing position is prone, with the pilot relying on wheels on the control bar and a short trolley with wheels supporting the pilot's feet and pod. Foot launching is also possible.

In reviewing the aircraft, Rene Coulon noted that the NAGL is "a very original design".

Specifications (NAGL)

References

External links
Photo of a NAGL
Video of NAGL take-off
Video of NAGL landing

NAGL
2000s Austrian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Powered hang gliders
Global Catastrophic Risks (book). Global Catastrophic Risks is a 2008 non-fiction book edited by philosopher Nick Bostrom and astronomer Milan M. Ćirković. The book is a collection of essays from 26 academics written about various global catastrophic and existential risks.

Content 
The risks covered by the book include both anthropogenic (man made) risks and non-anthropogenic risks.

 Anthropogenic: artificial general intelligence, biological warfare, nuclear warfare, nanotechnology, anthropogenic climate change, global warming, stable global totalitarianism
 Non-anthropogenic: asteroid impacts, gamma-ray bursts

The book also addresses overarching issues such as policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes.

See also 

 The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity (book)
 Our Final Hour (book)

References

2008 non-fiction books
Books about existential risk
Futurology books
Works by Nick Bostrom
Phagraphene. Phagraphene [fæ’græfiːn] is a proposed graphene allotrope composed of 5-6-7 carbon rings. Phagraphene was proposed in 2015 based on systematic evolutionary structure searching. Theoretical calculations showed that phagraphene is not only dynamically and thermally stable, but also has distorted Dirac cones. The direction-dependent cones are robust against external strain with tuneable Fermi velocities.

Higher-energy allotropes named Haeckelite contained penta- hexa- and hepta-carbon rings. Three types (rectangular, oblique and hexagonal) were proposed as early as 2000. These metastable allotropes have a trivial intrinsic metallic behavior.

Phagraphene is predicted to have a potential energy of 193.2 kcal/mol. The bond order is 1.33, the same as for graphene.

PHA/graphene 
An unrelated material called PHA/graphene is a polyhydroxyalkanoate graphene composite.

References

Graphene
Allotropes of carbon
Apache OpenWebBeans. OpenWebBeans is an open source, embeddable and lightweight CDI Container, released under the Apache License 2.0. OpenWebBeans is an ASL-licensed implementation of Context and Dependency Injection for Java EE Platform Specification which is defined by JSR-299, JSR-346, and JSR-365. OpenWebBeans has been integrated with Java EE application servers such as Geronimo and Apache TomEE.

History
OpenWebBeans was founded by Gurkan Erdogdu in October 2008. It is one of implementation of the Context and Dependency Injection specification. The incubator proposal can be found here,. It was graduated in December 2009 to become a top level ASF project.

Versions

See also
Context and Dependency Injection (CDI)

References

External links
 

OpenWebBeans
Java enterprise platform
Free software application servers
Chira Ratanarat. Chira Ratanarat (; born 3 June 1940 -13 March 2022) was the chief executive officer of The Siam Chemicals Public Company (SCC).

Life and work

Siam Chemicals 
After obtaining a master's degree in Automotive Engineering from the University of Stuttgart, Chira Ratanarat became the chief executive officer of The Siam Chemicals Public Company (SCC). The company had been founded by his father for the manufacture of basic chemicals for Thai downstream industries, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, various bases and salts.

Chira Ratanarat modernised the business which now blends and trades various chemicals, fertilisers and lubricants. The company is now one of Thailand's largest lube makers. It produces 5 million litres per month and supplies to more than 60 brands in Asia with the plan to double capacity to 10 million litres by 2016.

Safe Flying Service 
He manages also the Safe Flying Service SFS Aviation which provide onshore and offshore helicopter flight services and runs an AgustaWestland Helicopter authorized maintenance service centre.

Radio control vehicles 
He is one of the pioneers of radio control (R/C) vehicles in Thailand. For more than twenty years he got deeply involved in R/C car racing and during that period he hosted two R/C Car World Championship racing events in Thailand.  He became champion on R/C scale car. Later he focussed on R/C flying and got interested in model jets and obtained his first two model turbine engines in 1995. He advises the Thai army on the design and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) also known as drones.

Family 

He married in 1969 Khunying Thongtip Ratanarat and has with her three sons: Tisanu Ratanarat (born 1974), Sichart Ratanarat (born 1976) and Porapong Ratanarat (born 1982).

Honors 

Chira Ratanarat was honored with the German Federal Cross of Merit (German: Bundesverdienstkreuz), the highest federal decoration of Germany in recognition of his work related contributions to Germany.

He received the 1st Class Honour Award from King Hassan II of Morocco.

He is an honorary member  of the Alumni Network of the University of Stuttgart, which honors people, who have a special relationship to the University of Stuttgart or who are especially committed to the alumni program.

References 

Chira Ratanarat
Chira Ratanarat
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1940 births
Living people
University of Stuttgart alumni
Universal receiver. A universal receiver is generally a radio receiver that is able to work with different standard transmitters.

In case of home automations, this identify a radio receiver that works with almost any remote control in the market normally, used to open gates, garage doors, traffic barriers, entrance doors, etcetera. 
In other words, the universal receiver is able to recognize the code transmitted by other standard and not-standard remote controls, and is suitable to replace existing receiver permitting to add new and different remote controls on the automation system.

Background

The first electric garage door opener was created in 1921 by C.G. Johnson.  He realized there was a problem with garage doors being in the way when needed to be opened and found a solution that would change the way Americans lift garage doors forever. He called it the "upward lifting garage door." At the time that this invention was made many people were exchanging horses and buggies were begging for a more efficient way to do it. Therefore, C.G. Johnson created the "upward lifting garage door" that lifted up and completely out of the way and would take up no space since it was going up instead of side to side.

Use

With the use of Universal Receivers it can be used in everyday life by helping the average homeowner lift garage doors. This is used to open/close or turn on/off devices or large pieces of machinery. As for large companies this is also a necessity when importing or exporting goods. It would take a lot of labor to manually lift huge garage doors and open heavy gates. Another example are electric gate openers. This can be used for electric gate openers in a neighborhood complex for security. Instead of having someone manually drive to the front of their neighborhood when a guest arrives a code may be given so that every time the code is inputted the gate doors will open automatically.

References

External links
Radio Codes
Ford Radio Codes
Ford Radio Codes
Radio Codes

Remote control
2015 Juba An-12 crash. On 4 November 2015, an Antonov An-12 cargo aircraft crashed near the White Nile shortly after takeoff from Juba International Airport serving Juba, the capital city of South Sudan. At least 37 people were killed, including the crew of six. The crash is the deadliest aviation accident to have occurred in South Sudan since independence in 2011.

Accident

The aircraft was operating a cargo flight from Juba International Airport to Paloich Airport in the extreme northeastern South Sudan, an oil field. It departed Juba's runway 13 but impacted a hill about  past the runway end and came to rest on the banks of the White Nile.

Authorities in South Sudan reported that the aircraft was overloaded, with most of the passengers being oil workers. The government spokesman of South Sudan said that there were at least 18 people on board. Early reports of the number killed varied, but the total now stands at 37, according to South Sudan's Minister of Transportation, Kuong Danhier Gatluak. The crew of the plane comprised five Armenians and one Russian. There were initially three survivors, passenger Wuor Arop and an unrelated 13-month-old baby girl whom he had cradled, together with a third, reported to be a crew member, who later died in hospital. It is common for the security services to place family members on cargo planes to Paloich even if they are not on the manifest, according to Kenyi Galla, assistant operations manager for Combined Air Services, a company that operates chartered flights across South Sudan.

Aircraft

The aircraft involved was an Antonov An-12BK with Tajikistani registration EY-406, serial number 01347704, built in 1971 by TAPOiCh of Soviet Union. It was operated by Allied Services Ltd, a logistics company based in South Sudan at Juba airport, leased from Tajikistan's Asia Airways.

Investigation 
An unnamed source at the Russian aviation agency said that the An-12 appeared to have been overloaded.

See also 
2020 Juba AN-26 crash

References

External links 

 Photos of the aircraft involved at Airliners.net

2015 in South Sudan
Accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-12
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2015
Aviation accidents and incidents in South Sudan
History of Juba
November 2015 events in Africa
2015 disasters in Africa
Kalobaran Maiti. Kalobaran Maiti (born 21 October 1967) is an Indian physicist specialising in condensed matter physics and materials science. He obtained his MSc degree from Rajabazar Science College and PhD degree from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2010, the highest science award in India, in the physical sciences category for his contribution in the field of very high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy in understanding the physics of metal-insulator transition, charge density wave and Kondo systems.  He is also  a 
Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy.

He is a Professor of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials' Science in Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (TIFR). At TIFR, Maiti has built an electron spectrometer that can measure the energy of electrons with very high accuracy.

References

External links 
 Maiti's home page

Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Indian Institute of Science alumni
20th-century Indian physicists
Indian condensed matter physicists
Scientists from West Bengal
Phinergy. Phinergy is an Israeli clean energy company developing metal-air technology, turning metals – namely aluminum and zinc – into a new way to store, transport and generate clean and safe energy. Applications include energy backup for critical sites (as a replacement to lead-acid batteries or diesel generators), range extension for electric vehicles, or low-cost renewable energy storage. The company was founded in 2009 by Aviv Tzidon, currently Phinergy's Chairman. The company's CEO is David Mayer.

The company's technology originates at Bar Ilan University, and has been further developed by Phinergy, turning the technology into products for various applications.

In February 2021, Phinergy completed an IPO at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

Strategic partnerships 
In March 2021, Phinergy and Indian Oil formed a joint venture in India for collaboration in the sector of Al-air battery system. This includes research and development, customization, assembly, manufacturing and sale of aluminium-air batteries for the Indian market, specifically electric vehicles.

References

Technology companies of Israel
Electric vehicle battery manufacturers

Companies established in 2009
Energy companies of Israel
NeuraJet Neura Jet. The NeuraJet Neura Jet is an Austrian paramotor that was designed by Hans Neudorfer and produced by NeuraJet of Senftenbach for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Confusingly the company name is NeuraJet, while the aircraft model is the Neura Jet.

Design and development
The Neura Jet was designed as a very light weight paramotor and has an empty weight of . It was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single  Husqvarna chainsaw engine in pusher configuration with a 4.1:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter three-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is  in a single tank, although earlier models had two tanks, mounted left and right of the engine.

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (Neura Jet)

References

Neura Jet
2000s Austrian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Deduru Oya Dam. The Deduru Oya Dam is an embankment dam built across the Deduru River in Kurunegala District of Sri Lanka. Built in 2014, the primary purpose of the dam is to retain for irrigation purposes approximately a billion cubic metres of water, which would otherwise flow out to sea. Site studies of the dam began in 2006 and construction started in 2008. It was ceremonially completed in 2014, with the presence of then President Mahinda Rajapaksa.

Site studies and design of the dam was done by engineers from the Ministry of Irrigation. The dam, which measures approximately  wide, creates the Deduru Oya Reservoir, which has a capacity of . Water from the reservoir is used to irrigate approximately  of farmland, while also powering a  hydroelectric power station, operated by the Ministry of Power and Energy.

In addition to the eight sluice gates, water from the reservoir is channelled from the reservoir (for irrigation) via three canals, namely the Left Canal, Central Canal, and the South Canal. The South Canal is a trans-basin concrete canal measuring , channelling water from the Deduru Oya Reservoir to the Inginimitiya Reservoir at a flow rate of .

See also 

 List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka
 List of power stations in Sri Lanka

References

External links 
 

Deduru Oya
Embankment dams
Hydroelectric power stations in Sri Lanka
Dams completed in 2014
Buildings and structures in North Western Province, Sri Lanka
Central Geological Survey. The Central Geological Survey (CGS; ) is the government agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Taiwan (ROC) responsible for geological surveys and geoscience research.

History
The CGS was founded on 20 November 1978 replacing the former Provincial Geological Survey of Taiwan.

Organizational structures
 Planning Office
 Regional Geology Division
 Active Tectonics Division
 Environmental and Engineering Geology Division
 Geological Resource Division
 Geological Information Division
 Secretarial Office
 Personnel Office
 Accounting Office
 Discipline Office

Transportation
The CGS headquarter office is accessible within walking distance south of Nanshijiao Station of Taipei Metro.

See also
 Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan)
 Geology of Taiwan

References

External links
 

1978 establishments in Taiwan
Executive Yuan
Government agencies established in 1978
Organizations based in New Taipei
NeuraJet. NeuraJet was an Austrian aircraft manufacturer based in Senftenbach and founded by Hans Neudorfer. The company employees were Neudorfer & Annemarie Humer. It specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.

The company was founded in January 2002 and seems to have gone out of business in 2006.

Neudorfer is a professional electrical engineer who holds 15 patents. He previously founded Neura Electronics Heat Pumps and sold that company in 2001 to concentrate on paramotor design. Neudorfer personally designed and assembled each paramotor built by the company.

Neudorfer, along with Herbert Hofbauer of Sun Flightcraft, developed the Coax-P, a contra-rotating propeller system for the Rotax 503 and Rotax 582 engines.

The company's sole aircraft design was the NeuraJet Neura Jet paramotor, powered by a Husqvarna Group single cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled chainsaw engine. The design was noted for its dedication to lightness and weighed in at .

Aircraft

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Austria
Ultralight aircraft
Paramotors
2BB2 400. The 2BB2 400 class were two electric locomotives built in 1926 for the Paris Orléans (PO) railway of France.

After wartime coal shortages during World War I, post-war reconstruction from 1919 focussed on electrification, powered by hydro electricity. In 1923 the PO began electrification of the 200 km section of the Toulouse main line from Paris to Vierzon using a supply of 1,500 V DC. The Ganz Works of Budapest, Hungary supplied these two locomotives, to the design of Kálmán Kandó.

The arrangement of the locomotives was unusual for DC locomotives and may have been influenced by Kandó's other designs for AC locomotives, with the large diameter frame-mounted AC motors of the period. The four motors were mounted rigidly on the frames, above the driving wheels. Each motor drove an external jackshaft crank, with the four driving axles coupled in pairs. Drive between the motor jackshafts and the wheels was by coupling rods.  As express passenger locomotives, this also permitted large diameter driving wheels, rather than small-wheeled bogies beneath the frames. Suspension travel between the driven wheels and the fixed motors was achieved through Kandó's triangular linkage design.

The coupled wheels, rather than individual traction motors, encouraged resistance to wheelslip. This advantage was recognised and influenced future French designs, such as the typically French monomotor bogie rather than the axle-hung traction motors used elsewhere.

In service, the locomotives proved fast and powerful, but were unreliable. When other passenger locomotives became available, they were restricted to freight work at up to . Despite this they were popular with their crews, encouraged by the French practice of attaching crews to the same locomotive. They gained the class nickname, Les Belles Hongroisses. Their later years were spent in freight-only service based at Limoges. They survived into SNCF service until 1938, keeping their original numbers, but were withdrawn and scrapped that year.

Notes

References 

E.0401
2-B-B-2 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1926
Standard gauge electric locomotives of France
1500 V DC locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Mandar Madhukar Deshmukh. Mandar Madhukar Deshmukh (born 1974) is an Indian physicist specialising in nanoscale and mesoscopic physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2015, the highest science award in India, in the physical sciences category. He obtained BTech degree from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1996 and PhD degree from Cornell University under the guidance of D.C. Ralph in 2002. Before coming to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, he was a postdoctoral researcher in the group of Hongkun Park at Harvard University.

Personal life
His wife Prita Pant also Ph.D. from Cornell University is an associate professor at IIT Bombay.

References

External links
 Tata Institute profile
 Personal website

1974 births
Living people
20th-century Indian physicists
Cornell University alumni
IIT Bombay alumni
Harvard University alumni
Rubber bulb. Rubber bulbs are used in chemistry laboratories, by placing them on top of a glass or plastic tube. It serves as a vacuum source for filling reagents through a pipette or pasteur pipette and also help control the flow of liquid from the dropping bottle. By using rubber bulb, the contact of the mouth to the chemicals can be avoided. These rubber rods come in different shapes, sizes and colors.

Large rubber bulbs

The larger rubber bulbs are commonly used to draw liquid through a pipette when the reagents are needed in a larger amount. These rubber bulbs will complement larger pipettes and plastic rods, as the glass will easily break due to uneven pressure distribution.

Small rubber bulbs

The smaller rubber bulbs are well suited with small pipettes to draw smaller amount of reagents and can attach to both glass, as well as plastic rods. They are very commonly used for droppers as small sized rubber bulbs help control the amount of drops more precisely.

Rubber bulb alternatives

The rubber bulbs can also be replaced with wheel style pipette filler or flip style pipette filler. The flip style pipette fillers have two valves system and have a removable top valve which makes cleaning easy and it can be used with one hand. The plastic wheel style pump help reduce the amount of work done by the users, as there are no squeezing involved. The liquid is drawn up by use of wheel movement and can be easily released by using the lever. They are also easy to clean.

See also
 Pipette
 Pasteur pipette
 Automated pipetting system

References 

Laboratory equipment