omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
2025 in aviation. This is a list of aviation-related events in 2025.

Events

January 
1 January
 The flag carrier of Cambodia changed its name from Cambodia Angkor Air to Air Cambodia.

 7 January
 A Cessna 208 Caravan seaplane operated by Swan River Seaplanes crashed during takeoff from Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Three of the seven people onboard were killed and three were injured.

 28 January 
 Boom Technology's XB-1 demonstrator successfully went supersonic, achieving a speed of Mach 1.1.

 An Airbus A321 operating as Air Busan Flight 391 caught fire shortly before takeoff from Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea. All 176 people on board evacuated safely, with only 7 suffering minor injuries.

 29 January 
 A Beechcraft 1900 operated by Light Air Services crashed shortly after takeoff from Unity oilfield in South Sudan, killing twenty of the twenty-one people on board.

  A Bombardier CRJ700 operating as American Eagle Flight 5342 collided with a United States Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter as the Bombardier CRJ700 was attempting to land at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and crashed into the Potomac River. None of the 64 people on board the CRJ700 nor the 3 on the helicopter survived the collision.

 31 January
A Learjet 55 operated as Med Jets Flight 056 crashed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., causing an explosion, setting multiple houses on fire. The 6 people on board the aircraft were killed. One person on the ground was killed and at least nineteen other people were injured.

February 
 10–14 February The Aero India Airshow is scheduled to be held in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

March 
 25–30 March The Australian International Airshow is scheduled to be held at Avalon Airport, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

June 
 30 June Oman Air, the flag carrier of Oman, will join the Oneworld alliance.

July 
18-20 July The Royal International Air Tattoo is scheduled to be held at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom 

 21–27 July The EAA AirVenture Oshkosh is scheduled to be held at Wittman Regional Airport and Pioneer Airport in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. United States.

August 
 30 August – 1 September The Canadian International Air Show is scheduled to be held at Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

September 
 26–28 September The Oregon International Air Show is scheduled to be held in Oregon, United States.

Deadliest accident 
The  deadliest aviation accident of 2025 so far is the mid-air collision between a Bombardier CRJ700 operating as American Eagle Flight 5342 and a Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter above the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., just south of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. All 64 people on board the Bombardier CRJ700 and 3 on board the helicopter were killed.

References

2025 in aviation
2025-related lists
Aviation
Aviation by year
Technology timelines by year
Transport timelines by year
Bożena 4 (anti-mine minesweeper). 

Design 
Designed for tasks related to surface clearing of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. It can be used for other work where direct presence of a person is in danger. Drills, loader buckets, pallet forks, handle-equipped forks, and excavator buckets can all be connected. From an armored cabin, control is done by radio.

Composition 
 Remotely controlled by main drive unit B4 – L 1203 RC – serves as a carrier for the minesweeping unit.
 Transport trailer SPP6 – serves to transport the main drive unit B4 – L 1203 RC.
 The minesweeping unit (working tool) – is a device that activates or mechanically destroys mines using rotating beaters mounted on chains.
 Beater – serves for surface mine cleaning.
 Monitoring cabin for the operator – is an air-conditioned workplace for the operator, from which he controls the mine-clearing device.

The main drive unit B4 – L 1203 RC can work with the following working tools:

 Shovel without gear
 Shovel with rack
 Shovel for light materials
 Combined bucket (DROTT)
 Pallet forks
 Fork end with handle
 Backhoe bucket
 Husky 10 winch or RAMSEY RPH 10 hydraulic winch.

Specifications 
 Engine: DEUTZ BF 4L613
 Engine power: 78 kW
 Speed: 10 km/h
 Weight: 5800 kg
 Demining belt width: 2000 mm
 Demining depth: up to 250 mm
 Efficiency: up to 2500 m²/h
 Control range: up to 2000 m

Operators 
   Bożena minesweeps are currently in use by the Slovak army. 

   In 2003, Polish Army acquired  two sets for the needs of the Polish contingent in Iraq.

References

Bibliography 

 Information leaflet displayed next to the equipment during the 5th Anniversary celebrations.
 Operational Documentation of the Light Mine Countermeasure Vessel BOŻENA 4 – WAY INDUSTRY, a. s. KRUPINA, November 2005.
Mine warfare countermeasures
Tao Xie. Tao Xie is a computer scientist specializing in software engineering, with a focus on software testing, program analysis, software analytics, software security, and intelligent software engineering.

Academic background 
Tao Xie earned his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Washington in 2005, under the supervision of Professor David Notkin. He served as an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at North Carolina State University until July 2013. He then joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) as a Professor and Willett Faculty Scholar. Currently, he is a Chair Professor and Chair of the Department of Software Science and Engineering in the School of Computer Science at Peking University.

Research contributions 
Xie's work at the intersection of software engineering and artificial intelligence has led to advancements in intelligent software tools and educational platforms. He developed techniques to automate software testing, including test input generation, test oracles, and debugging assistance. Xie has also worked on systematic testing approaches like symbolic execution and concolic testing, which improve the thoroughness of testing processes.

Awards and honors 
Xie has received awards from conferences including ACM SIGSOFT and IEEE. He is an IEEE Fellow and an ACM Distinguished Scientist.

 ACM Distinguished Scientist (2015)
 IEEE Fellow (2018)
 AAAS Fellow (2019)
 ACM Fellow (2021)

Xie has authored papers presented at premier conferences including the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), and the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA). His work encompasses various aspects of software engineering, including automated testing, program analysis, and software security.

In addition to his research publications, Xie has held key leadership roles in organizing major conferences. He served as the Program Chair for the 2015 ACM SIGSOFT ISSTA and as the Program Co-Chair for the 2021 IEEE/ACM ICSE. Xie has served on the Steering Committee of the International Workshop on Cloud Intelligence / AIOps since 2020 in conjunction with the ICSE, ASPLOS, MLSys, and AAAI annual conferences.

Xie's contributions extend beyond conference organization to include active participation in editorial boards including Co-Editor-in-Chief of the Wiley journal of Software Testing, Verification and Reliability (STVR), Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), and the Editorial Board Member of Communications of the ACM (CACM).

Select publications 

 Suresh Thummalapenta, Tao Xie "Parseweb: a programmer assistant for reusing open source code on the web" (2007)
 Xiaoyin Wang, Lu Zhang, Tao Xie, John Anvik, Jiasu Sun "An approach to detecting duplicate bug reports using natural language and execution information" (2008)
 Hao Zhong, Tao Xie, Lu Zhang, Jian Pei, Hong Mei "MAPO: Mining and recommending API usage patterns" (2009)

References 

Living people
University of Washington alumni
IEEE award recipients
SMS Elisabeth. SMS Elisabeth was a member of the  of steam frigates built for the Prussian Navy in the 1860s. The class comprised five ships, and were the first major steam-powered warships ordered for the Prussian Navy.

Design

In the immediate aftermath of the First Schleswig War against Denmark, Prince Adalbert began drawing up plans for the future of the Prussian Navy; he also secured the Jade Treaty that saw the port of Wilhelmshaven transferred to Prussia from the Duchy of Oldenburg, and which provided the Prussian fleet with an outlet on the North Sea. Adalbert called for a force of three screw frigates and six screw corvettes to protect Prussian maritime trade in the event of another war with Denmark. Design work was carried out between 1854 and 1855, and the first two ships were authorized in November 1855; a further pair was ordered in June 1860, and the final member of the class was ordered in February 1866.

Elisabeth was  long overall and had a beam of  and a draft of  forward. She displaced  as designed and  at full load. The ship had short forecastle and sterncastle decks. Her superstructure consisted primarily of a small deckhouse aft. She had a crew of 35 officers and 345 enlisted men.

Her propulsion system consisted of a single horizontal single-expansion steam engine driving a single screw propeller, with steam supplied by four coal-burning fire-tube boilers. Exhaust was vented through a single funnel located amidships. Elisabeth was rated to steam at a top speed of , but she significantly exceeded this speed, reaching  from . The ship had a cruising radius of about  at a speed of . To supplement the steam engine on long voyages abroad, she carried a full-ship rig with a total surface area of . The screw could be retracted while cruising under sail.

Elisabeth was armed with a battery of twenty-eight 68-pounder guns. By 1869, she had been rearmed with a battery of seventeen  RK L/22 guns.

Service history

The keel for Elisabeth was laid down at the  (Royal Dockyard) in Danzig in 1866. She was launched on 18 October 1868. After completing fitting out work, she was commissioned into active service on 29 September 1869.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 

1868 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Arcona-class frigates
Angels Gate (tugboat). Angels Gate is a tugboat preserved as a museum ship at the Los Angeles Maritime Museum in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. Angels Gate was built in 1944 for the United States Army as tugboat ST-695, a 327-F design. The Army's small tugs, designated ST, ranged from about  in length. The Angels Gate was built by the Decatur Iron and Steel in Decatur, Alabama. Angels Gate is small steel hull harbor tug. The United States Army used the ST-695 as an Army Port of Embarkation in Wilmington, California to move ships and maritime pilots. With World War II port duties completed, the Army declared ST-695 surplus in 1947. She was and acquired by the City of Los Angeles Harbor Department. She was renamed as the LAHD No. 10 and put in to Port of Los Angeles duties. The tug LAHD No 10 was renamed in 1956 to LAHD Angels Gate, this was later shortening just Angels Gate. Angels Gate was retired in 1992, and transferred as a fully functional museum ship to the Los Angeles Maritime Museum. She is powered by a single Detroit Diesel diesel engine with a single propeller. She as a length of , a beam of  and depth of . She as two-stroke single acting six-cylinder Fairbanks-Morse type 37E1 diesel engine   Los Angeles Maritime Museum used her for educational harbor tours and "classroom at sea" voyages for students at the Port of Los Angeles High School.  Angels Gate is a Type V ship, as this is the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) designation for World War II tugboats. Type V tugs were used in World War II, Korean War, and the Vietnam War.

See also
List of museum ships in North America

References

Sources
 
 

1944 ships
Maritime history of California
Sonam Narboo. Sonam Narboo, also known as Sonam Norbu (Tibetan: བསོད་ནམས་ནོར་བུ), was an Indian engineer, administrator, and politician from Ladakh who played a pivotal role in the region's development. In recognition of his contributions, he was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1961.

Early life 

Sonam Narboo was born on 27 May 1909, in Skara, a village near Leh, into a middle-class Buddhist family known as Nyachu. His parents were farmers, and Narboo was the eldest of five siblings. He completed his early education at the University of Punjab and pursued higher studies in England, earning a degree in civil engineering from the University of Sheffield in the 1930s.

Narboo is remembered for his engineering contributions during the Kashmir conflict of 1947–1948, particularly his role in constructing the Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh Airfield) in 1948. Under challenging conditions, with limited resources and no modern equipment, Narboo led the construction of the airstrip at one of the highest altitudes in the world. The project was completed in just three weeks and proved crucial in securing Ladakh during the tribal invasions supported by Pakistan. This achievement earned him national recognition and the Padma Shri in 1961.

In February 1971, Narboo was appointed as India’s first ambassador to the Mongolian People's Republic. His tenure as ambassador lasted until February 1975. Upon returning to India, he was inducted into Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah’s cabinet in 1975 as Minister of Works & Power and Minister of Ladakh Affairs. During his time in office, Narboo managed infrastructure projects in Ladakh, overseeing portfolios that accounted for over 70% of the state budget. His tenure saw Ladakh being opened to international tourism and the establishment of air connectivity in 1977.

Sonam Narboo died on 2 February 1980. The Sonam Norbu Memorial Hospital, completed in 1980 and serving as the primary healthcare institution in Leh, is named in his honour.

References 

1909 births
1980 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service
Engineers from Jammu and Kashmir
Ambassadors of India to Mongolia
SŁ-34C. SŁ-34C is a bulldozer-loader (spycharko ładowarka) produced by Huta Stalowa Wola and used by Polish army for excavation, leveling, pushing and dumping earth, loading and transporting mined material, and other engineering tasks.

Construction 
SŁ-34C is the latest bulldozer-loader version. On the basis of the updated ρ34 loader, the machine was built, adding a winch and other equipment.

The vehicle is powered by Cummins diesel engine with an output of 158 kW (212 HP), 

instead of the WSK Mielec SW680/59/8 engine.
Specialized equipment for road, bridge, and river obstacle reconnaissance was installed, along with a new, compact cabin equipped with rifle mounts and a filter-ventilation mechanism. Additionally, a water heating device was fitted to heat the cabin and the engine.

Standard equipment 

 bucket
 winch
 fork attachment with the possibility of extending the forks with adjustable spacing, adapted for loading and unloading elements placed on euro pallets or in containers
 Rockinger RO 561 E hitch and pneumatic and electrical connections

Optional equipment 

 two-piece spoon,
 two-part spoon,
 high tip bucket,
 stone spoon,
 light material bucket (5.7 m3),
 stone spoon with teeth,
 hydraulic grab,
 forklift attachment for quick coupler,
 forks up to 5.5 t

Specifications 

 Weight of the set with the multi-purpose bucket installed - 22,830 kg
 Height to the cabin roof – 3607 mm
 Weight of the set with forklift attachment – ​​22,310 kg
 Total length of the set with the bucket on the ground – 8,380 mm
 Total length of the set with forks on the ground – 9,595 mm
 Nominal length of the forks used – 1,600 mm
 Fork extension possible – up to 2,300 mm
 Set width – 2,982 mm
 Height to the roof of the operator's/driver's cabin - 3,607 mm
 Wheelbase – 3,145 mm
 Total bucket capacity – 3.4 m3
 Road clearance – 450 mm
 Right/left turning angle – 35 degrees
 Maximum bucket load capacity – up to 7,600 kg
 Maximum fork load capacity – up to 8,000 kg
 Maximum machine speed – up to 39 km/h
 Engine power – 158 kW
 Maximum unloading height at a 45 degree tipping angle – 2950 mm.
 Lifting height 3800 – 4000 mm
 Maximum steering angle – 35 degrees

Deliveries 

 17: 2019 (S-34C variant)
 3: June 2021 (S-34C variant)

 8: November 2021 (S-34C variant)

Gallery

See also
Bożena 4 (anti-mine minesweeper)

References

External links 

 Dane maszyny

Military engineering vehicles
Bulldozers
Tracked vehicles
Aura Aero Integral R. The AURA AERO Integral R is a French two-seat aerobatic low-wing training monoplane first flown in June 2020. The aircraft is the first of a family of Integral aircraft to fly and achieved EASA Certification in the CS-23 Normal Aircraft category in December 2024.

Design 
The Integral R is a two-seat side by side cantilever low-wing monoplane with a fixed conventional landing gear with a tail-wheel. It has a wood structure reinforced with carbon and powered by a Lycoming AEIO-390-A3B6 piston aero-engine certified for aerobatic use with a tractor two-bladed propeller.

Aircraft Specification

References

2020s French sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2020
Integral R
Single-engined piston aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
LRM vz. 99 ANTOS. The LRM vz. 99 ANTOS is a Czech light mortar designed for special forces intended to be used for vehicles.

Operators 

 : In use by Grom since 2011, also used by  Military Unit Nil and other units of Special Forces and Airmobile Forces since 2016
 : 22 units are in service in the Czech army as well in 601st Special Forces Group

 : 100 mortars in use since 2010

See also 

 LMP-2017
 LM-60

References

Bibliography 

 

Mortars
60mm mortars
Mortars by country
Infantry mortars
REFPROP. REFPROP is a software program for the prediction of thermophysical properties of fluids, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

The primary component of REFPROP is an equation of state for each implemented fluid. For most pure fluids, the equation of state is obtained by fitting an expression for the Helmholtz free energy to experimental data. This formulation allows the computation of all equilibrium properties of the fluid, such as density, temperature, pressure, sound speed, heat capacity, second virial coefficients, vapor pressures, saturated liquid and vapor densities, enthalpy of vaporization, entropy, and the Joule-Thomson coefficient.

REFPROP also predicts surface tension, viscosity, and thermal conductivity for many fluids, either using extended corresponding states formulations or fluid-specific equations fit directly to experimental data.

Various methods are used to compute the analogous properties of fluid mixtures.

The full list of fluids properties implemented in REFPROP v10.0 can be found in Table 2 of Huber, et al. (2022).

List of implemented fluids 
REFPROP v10.0 implements equation of state models for 147 pure fluids, listed in Table 1. Except for , R-13, R-123, and R-152a, all of these are Helmholtz free energy formulations.

REFPROP v10.0 also predicts surface tension, viscosity, and thermal conductivity for most of the listed fluids.

See also
 Process engineering
 Prediction of viscosity
 Prediction of thermal conductivity
 Viscosity models for mixtures
 Theorem of corresponding states
 Departure function
 The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam

References

External links
 

Fortran software
Physics software
Thermodynamics
JH-XX. JH-XX is a designation applied by Western intelligence agencies to describe programs by the People's Republic of China to develop a regional bomber/tactical bomber/fighter bomber. JH-XX is the second stealth bomber of China confirmed in existence by the U.S. intelligence community (after the Xian H-20), and the Pentagon speculates the fighter-bomber is capable of long-range strikes and nuclear weapons delivery.

On 26 December 2024, social media photos and videos suggested Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) has publicly flown a prototype aircraft in Chengdu, Sichuan, tentatively designated as the J-36 by military analysts. The aircraft was spotted flying around an airport owned by CAC and features a trijet tailless flying wing design. It was trailed by a Chengdu J-20S twin-seater stealth fighter as the chase plane. The aircraft was speculated as either a sixth-generation fighter prototype or the JH-XX stealth regional bomber.

See also
 J-XX

References 

2010s Chinese fighter aircraft
Shenyang aircraft
Chengdu aircraft
Stealth aircraft
Alfvén Mach number. The Alfvén Mach number (also known as the Alfvén number, Alfvénic Mach number, and magnetic Mach number;  or ) is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of the relative velocity of a fluid to the local Alfvén speed.  It is used in plasma physics, where it is analogous to the Mach number but based on Alfvén waves rather than sound waves.  Alfvén and Mach were physicists who studied shock waves.

Along with the sonic Mach number, the Alfvén Mach number is frequently used to characterize shock fronts and turbulence in magnetized plasmas.

where
  is the Alfvén Mach number,
  is the flow velocity, and
  is the Alfvén speed.
When , the flow is referred to as sub-Alfvénic; and when , the flow is referred to as super-Alfvénic.

See also 
 Plasma parameters
 Magnetic Reynolds number
 Lundquist number

References 

Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Plasma parameters
Praga E-112. The Praga E-112 was a prototype Czechoslovak training aircraft of the 1940s. It was built to meet a requirement for an elementary trainer for both the Czechoslovak Air Force and civil use, first flying in September 1947. After testing, it was rejected in favour of the Zlín Z-26, and no production of the E-112 followed.

Design and development
In 1946, a specification was issued for a two-seat basic training aircraft for use both by the Czechoslovak Air Force and civil users. The new aircraft was required to use a Walter Minor 4-III engine, and was to have a maximum speed of , a cruise speed of  and to be able to climb to  in 13 minutes, and have a ceiling of . Two designs competed to meet the specification, one from Zlín (the Zlín Z-26) and one from the ČKD-Praga design team led by , the Praga E-112. 

The Praga design, which was very similar to the competing Zlín, was a tractor configuration cantilever monoplane of mixed wood and metal construction with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The low-mounted wing was made of wood, while the fuselage had a welded steel-frame structure with fabric covering. The crew of two sat in tandem under a three-part plexiglass canopy, and were provided with dual controls. 

Construction of the prototype was assigned to Letov at their Letňany, Prague factory, but the quality of construction was poor, with the aircraft overweight and showing a poor surface finish, particularly compared to the Z-26. It made its first flight at Letňany on 14 September 1947. A number of modifications were made as a result of factory testing, including revised tail surfaces and a modified engine cowling to improve cooling, but a more significant problem was that the aircraft's propeller was unsuitable, so that the engine would not run at the required speed. Both the E-112 and Z-26 were delivered for evaluation in February 1948. The E-112's speed was slightly below the 200 km/h required by the specification, while its climb rate was much poorer than required (it took 18 minutes, 23 s to reach 2000 m compared with the 13 min required by the specification), partly due to the poorly matched propeller and failed attempts to modify it to improve the aircraft's speed. As a result, the Z-26 was chosen to meet the requirement and ordered into production. Work continued to improve the E-112 into 1949, and fitting new propellers significantly improved performance, particularly climb rate, but this did not result in any production orders.

Specifications

Notes

References

 

E-112
1940s Czechoslovak military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear