omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Comte AC-11-V. 

The Comte AC-11-V was a 1930s Swiss three-seat cabin monoplane produced by Flugzeugbau A. Comte for aerial photography and mapping.  The AC-11-V was a high-wing monoplane with a taikskid-conventional landing gear and powered by a  Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial engine.

Design and development
The enclosed cabin had side-by-side seating for a pilot and co-pilot (or mapping photography specialist). To allow easy access to the cabin the starboard seat folded to one side. Another moveable seat was mounted on rails running the whole length of the cabin; it could be locked in any position on the rails giving access to the side windows. A window was fitted between the pilots' seats to allow drift readings to be made and a further floor window aft allowed a vertical camera to be used.

Operational history
During the Second World War years one aircraft was used by the Swiss Air Force to make detailed maps of Switzerland.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

See also

1930s Swiss civil utility aircraft
AC-11
HBJ model. In computer science, the Helman-Bader-JaJa model 
 is a concise message-passing model of parallel computing defined with the following parameters:

 is number of processors.
 is the problem size.
 is number of machine words in a packet sent over the network.
 is the latency, or time at which a processor takes to initiate a communication on a network.
 is the bandwidth, or time per machine word at which a processor can inject or receive  machine words from the network.
 is the largest computation time expended on a processor.
 is the time spent in communication on the network.

This model assumes that for any subset of  processors, a block permutation among the  processors takes  time, where  is the size of the largest block.

Analysis of common parallel algorithms 
Complexities of common parallel algorithms contained in the MPI libraries:

Point to point communication: 
Reduction :
Broadcast: 
Parallel prefix: 
All to all:

References

Parallel computing
Dick Burzi. Ricardo Burzi ( – ?) was an Argentine automotive designer, best known for his work with the Austin Motor Company in Birmingham, England.

Burzi was born around 1900, in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, to a French mother. By 1929 he was working in Italy for Lancia, but was forced to leave after drawing cartoons belittling Benito Mussolini that were published in several newspapers. Lancia initially moved Burzi to their coachbuilding firm in Paris, but he was recruited by Lord Austin in 1929 to work at Longbridge in Birmingham after Austin received a recommendation from Vincenzo Lancia, whom he met while travelling on the Queen Mary to the United States.

Burzi arrived at Longbridge speaking no English but was soon known universally as "Dick". His first designs for the Austin 16 were considered too advanced for conservative British tastes by Lord Austin, but in 1938 Burzi was appointed head of styling by the incoming works manager at Longbridge, Leonard Lord. Burzi's Italian background saw him interned on the Isle of Man when Italy entered the Second World War, but he was released in 1943 and started work on designing the Austin A40.

Notable cars designed by Burzi in the post-war era included the Austin A30, the Austin A40, the Austin A70, the Austin A90 and the Austin A125

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Argentine automobile designers
British automobile designers
People interned in the Isle of Man during World War II
Space Shuttle Inspiration. Space Shuttle Inspiration is a full-scale Space Shuttle orbiter mockup built in 1972 by North American Rockwell. The plastic and wood model was made to promote the company's bid to construct the Space Shuttle fleet.

History 
The Space Shuttle Orbiter mockup was constructed by North American Rockwell in 1972.  It was shown to NASA and Congress to win approval for the Space Shuttle program.  The mockup is approximately the same size and shape as an actual Orbiter. It was also used to design hydraulics and cable harnesses for production shuttle Orbiters and to test-fit flight hardware.

The mockup was abandoned in place by NASA, so the owners of the property placed it on temporary display at the Columbia Memorial Space Center in Downey, California, in July 2012.

Refurbishment and naming 
After sitting in storage for many years, in 2012, the owners decided to refurbish Inspiration. A 2009 grant proposal estimated the cost of refurbishment and housing at $1,880,000, with about half going to restoration efforts and half to construction of a permanent facility.

"Some deterioration processes are already underway. The outer skin of the shuttle, made of plywood on a wooden frame, is buckling slightly and showing signs of internal delamination. Paper components representing insulation or other lining of the sub-deck are disintegrating. Adhesive mounts and backing for a range of fasteners have become yellowed and embrittled. Delicate plastic components also appear to be degrading slightly. Clear plastic, prismatic ceiling panels have fine crazing cracks, and are starting to become detached at their fasteners."

Originally unnamed, it was named Inspiration on September 24, 2012.

Display and storage 
Inspiration was housed in a tent outside the Columbia Memorial Space Science Learning Center in Downey, California. Despite receiving a $3 million federal loan in May 2013 to build a community center to house the mockup, the Downey City Council voted to place Inspiration into storage until an executive director was hired to oversee the project. On March 4 and 5, 2014, the mockup was disassembled and moved to the city's maintenance yard.

On October 17, 2024, the Columbia Memorial Space Center moved the pieces from the yard 0.3 miles to a temporary storage space nearby for reassembly. The Center plans to raise $50 million to build a 29,000-square foot exhibition space for Inspiration, complete by 2026.

See also 
 Space Shuttle Independence, the full-scale mock-up made from blueprints, used as an exhibit at Space Center Houston
 Space Shuttle Pathfinder, a fit-test mock-up

References

External links 
 Columbia Space Science site

Space Shuttle tourist attractions
Downey, California
Tourist attractions in Los Angeles County, California
Replica spacecraft
Zinc amalgam. Zinc amalgam is a solution of zinc in mercury.  In practice the term refers to particles of zinc with a surface coating of the amalgam. A gray solid, it is typically used for reduction.  It is written as Zn(Hg) in reactions.  It is usually prepared by treating an aqueous suspension of zinc with mercuric chloride.  Some zinc chloride is produced in the process.

Uses 
 Used from ~1837 to reduce 'local action' which degraded operation of Voltaic piles. See History of the battery#Invention.
 To reduce ferric to ferrous ions in solution. See Jones reductor.
 To reduce ketones and aldehydes to alkanes via the Clemmensen reduction in acidic conditions.

References

Electrochemistry
Metallurgy
Zinc alloys
Mercury (element)
Amalgams
Aarsdale Windmill. Aarsdale Windmill () is a smock windmill located on a hilltop on the southern fringe of Aarsdale,  south of Svaneke on the Danish island of Bornholm. Constructed in 1877, it is still in operational condition although it is no longer in regular use.

Description
H. P. Mikkelsen, the present owner's grandfather, built the mill in 1877. Around 1880, a bakery was opened in the building to the south of the mill but ceased operations at the beginning of the 21st century. An octagonal brick structure, the mill is  high. Originally it had cloth sails and an onion cap with a tail. In 1919, two self-adjusting sails were installed and two more in 1921. The first backup motor for use in calm weather came in 1904, the second in 1939 and the third in 1961. Anthon Mikkelsen, the current owner and operator, took it over in 1956. He has taken special care of it since it was listed in 1960. Substantial work has been carried out over the years on the cap, sails and the yaw bearing. In 1998, a new oak fantail was fitted.

Aarsdale Windmill was one of eight Dutch mills on Bornholm. The only other location where Dutch mills are to be found in Denmark is Sillerup near Haderslev. Around 1900, steam-powered mills started to replace windmills and watermills. The Aarsdale Mill, however, continued to mill flour until 2003, longer than any other Danish windmill.

Visits
The windmill is open to visitors on most days. Inside the mill, all the machinery can be seen. "Anton på Møllen", a film from 1995 with English subtitles, shows the mill in full operation. On windy days the sails continue to rotate.

See also
List of windmills on Bornholm

References

Buildings and structures in Bornholm
Windmills in Denmark
Tower mills
Windmills completed in 1877
Listed windmills in Denmark
Towers completed in 1877
1877 establishments in Denmark
Backcountry Super Cubs Mackey SQ2. The Backcountry Super Cubs Mackey SQ2 is an American STOL amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Backcountry Super Cubs of Douglas, Wyoming. The aircraft is based upon the design of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub and is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Mackey SQ2 features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with the wings constructed of aluminum sheet, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of , is supported by "V" struts with jury struts and mounts flaps as well as leading edge slats. The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Lycoming O-360 four-stroke powerplant.  The aircraft can be fitted with tundra tires for operations on soft or rough surfaces. Construction time from the supplied kit is 1200 hours.

Operational history
By December 2011 seven examples had been reported as completed and flown.

Specifications (Mackey SQ2)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Backcountry Super Cubs aircraft
Backcountry Super Cubs Supercruiser. The Backcountry Super Cubs Supercruiser is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Backcountry Super Cubs of Douglas, Wyoming. The aircraft is based upon the design of the Piper PA-12 Super Cruiser and is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Supercruiser features a strut-braced high wing, a three-seat  wide enclosed cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft seats the pilot in front and two passengers in the rear on a bench seat.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with the wings constructed of aluminum sheet, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of , is supported by "V" struts with jury struts and mounts flaps. The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Lycoming O-360 four-stroke powerplant. Construction time from the supplied kit is 1200 hours.

Operational history
By December 2011, 140 examples had been reported as completed and flown.

Specifications (Supercruiser)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Backcountry Super Cubs aircraft
Backcountry Super Cubs Super Cub. The Backcountry Super Cubs Super Cub, also referred to as the Supercub replica, is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Backcountry Super Cubs of Douglas, Wyoming. The aircraft is based on the design of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub and is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Super Cub features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with the wings constructed of aluminum sheet, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of , is supported by "V" struts with jury struts and mounts flaps. The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Lycoming O-360 four-stroke powerplant. The aircraft can be fitted with tundra tires for operation on soft or rough surfaces. Construction time from the supplied kit is 1200 hours.

Operational history
By December 2011, 138 examples had been reported as completed and flown.

Specifications (Super Cub)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Backcountry Super Cubs aircraft
Akaflieg Stuttgart fs28. The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs28, nicknamed Avispa (Spanish: Wasp) is a single engine, twin boom pusher configuration light sports and utility aircraft designed at the University of Stuttgart in West Germany in the 1970s. Unusually, it has an inverted V-tail. The sole example remained active as of 2010.

Design and development
The Akaflieg Stuttgart or Akademische Fliegergruppe Stuttgart () is one of some fourteen German student flying groups attached to and supported by their home Technical University.  Several have designed and built aircraft, often technically advanced and leading the development of gliders in particular. The fs28 was their first powered aircraft. The project, supported by the Fraunhofer Society and the Ministry of Economics of Baden-Württemberg, was intended to transfer the knowledge about high performance aerodynamics and composite materials gained from glider design to light powered aircraft.

The fs28 is a twin-boom, pusher configuration low mid-wing monoplane. The wing has an Eppler profile, quite new in the 1970s, and is straight tapered with a swept leading edge and unswept trailing edge, resulting in 6.75° sweep at quarter chord. It is constructed from a sandwich of glass fibre and rigid foam and has 4.5° of dihedral.  Fowler flaps, in two sections separated by the tail booms, fill the trailing edge out to the plain, untabbed ailerons. Accommodation and engine are in a central nacelle of glass reinforced plastic/honeycomb sandwich. Side-by-side seating is enclosed under a generous, three section canopy entered via upward, centreline hinged doors. A 115 hp (86 kW) flat four Lycoming O-235 piston engine, mounted in the rear of the nacelle with its output shaft well above the wing and booms and air-cooled via a semi-annular intake behind the cabin, drove a three-blade pusher propeller with a large spinner, designed to minimise noise.  The three blade propeller was later replaced by a two-blade one.

The tail booms are slender and linked at the rear by the unusual inverted Vee empennage. The straight edged, fixed rear surfaces are constructed as the wing but the control surfaces are fabric covered, with spring tabs. The fs28 has a retractable tricycle undercarriage with glass fibre shock absorbers, mainwheel hydraulic brakes and a steerable nosewheel.

The sole fs28, V-1, D-EAFS, made its first flight on 20 December 1972.

Operational history
The fs28 was seriously damaged in an accident in May 1981 and its permit to fly (PTF) lapsed that November.  With no rebuild under way, the registration D-EAFS was reallocated to another type in 1990.  However, V-1 was rebuilt, regaining its PTF in July 1997, when it was registered as D-EKFS. It was on the German civil aircraft register in 2010, remaining active.

Specifications

References

Further reading

Popular Mechanics July 1974 p113 lower right. 2 photos, side and front of FS-28. 

1970s German sport aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1972
Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Lithium tungstate. Lithium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Li2WO4. It is a white solid that is soluble in water. The compound is one of the several orthotungstates, compounds that feature the tetrahedral WO42− anion.

Structure
The salt consists of tetrahedrally coordinated Li and W centres bridged by oxides. The W-O and Li-O bond distances are 1.79 and 1.96 Å, respectively. These differing bond lengths reflect the multiple bond character of the W-O interaction and the weaker ionic bonding between the Li-O interactions. The solid undergoes phase transitions at high pressures, such that the coordination geometry at tungsten becomes octahedral (six W-O bonds). For example at 40 kilobars, it adopts a structure related to wolframite.

Uses
Lithium tungstate is used to produce high density aqueous polytungstate (metatungstate) solutions. Like other high density fluids, such solutions are often used in the separation of minerals and other solids. These can achieve a density of 2.95 at 25 °C and up to 3.6 in hot water.

This use of lithium and sodium tungstate anions was developed in the 1980s and early 1990s to address toxicity and safety issues with the existing organic high density fluids. Unlike methylene iodide and bromoform, polytungstates and heteropolytungstates can be more safely be used in an indoor environment without a fume hood with only ordinary common sense safety precautions such as protective gloves and safety glasses.

References

Lithium salts
Tungstates
Eugenio Bianchi. Eugenio Bianchi is an Italian theoretical physicist and assistant professor at the Pennsylvania State University who works on loop quantum gravity and black hole thermodynamics. He has derived the Bekenstein-Hawking formula  for the entropy of non-extremal black holes from loop quantum gravity, for all values of the Immirzi parameter.

References

External links
Bianchi's home page at the Pennsylvania State University.

Loop quantum gravity researchers
Italian relativity theorists
1979 births
People from the Province of Benevento
Living people
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Resilifer. A resilifer is a part of the shell of certain bivalve mollusks. It is either a recess (a pit or groove of some sort) or a process, the function of which is the attachment of an internal ligament, which holds the two valves together.

An internal ligament (which requires a resilifer to function) is part of the hinge mechanism in certain taxonomic families of  bivalve shells, such as oysters and scallops. A resilifer (and its associated ligament) is  the primary structure comprising the type of bivalve hinge that is known as an "isodont" hinge.

References

Mollusc shells
Alpha Pi Mu. Alpha Pi Mu () is an American honor society for Industrial and Systems Engineering students. All chapters are based in the United States, with the exception of one university in Puerto Rico which is an unincorporated territory of the United States.

History
The founder of Alpha Pi Mu was James T. French, who in 1949 was a senior industrial engineering student at Georgia Tech. He recruited nine men that were members of the Georgia Tech chapter of Tau Beta Pi as the first members of Alpha Pi Mu. Alpha Pi Mu is the only nationally accepted industrial engineering honor society. The Georgia Tech engineers who led the initial developmental work wanted an organization to provide a common ground "on which their outstanding young engineers could exchange ideas," and to provide experiences which could help their future professional development.
The Alpha Pi Mu Honor Society aims to:Confer recognition upon students of Industrial and Systems Engineering who have shown exceptional academic interest and abilities in their field, encourage the advancement and quality of Industrial and Systems Engineering education, unify the student body of the Industrial Engineering department in presenting its needs and ideals to the faculty.

Alpha Pi Mu became a member of the Association of College Honor Societies in 1952. The society has 68 chapters that have initiated more than 47,095  members as of 2014.

Symbols 
French chose the Greek letter name Alpha Pi Mu to represent the three major areas of Industrial Engineering at the time: Administration, Production, and Methods. The society's motto is "Humble service to humanity is the goal of the true engineer".

The society's colors are purple and light yellow. Its stole is white with an embroidered logo.

Activities 
The society provides $1,000 scholarships to outstanding members. Its members also participate in activities that improve their campus and the profession.

Membership 
Students of Industrial and Systems Engineering programs who rank in the upper one-third of the senior Industrial and Systems Engineering class and the upper one-fifth of the junior Industrial and Systems Engineering class are considered for membership on the basis of leadership, ethics, sociability, character, and breadth of interest. Graduate students and alumni may be elected to membership if they meet the requirements. Faculty members and professional industrial and systems engineers may be elected to faculty and honorary membership respectively have proven themselves outstanding professionals in the field. Around 940 members are initiated each year.

Chapters 

The Society has established 68 chapters since 1949.

References

External Links

Association of College Honor Societies
Engineering honor societies
Student organizations established in 1949
1949 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Power pool. Power pooling is used to balance electrical load over a larger network (electrical grid) than a single utility.  It is a mechanism for interchange of power between two and more utilities which provide or generate electricity For exchange of power between two utilities there is an interchange agreement which is signed by them, but signing up an interchange agreement between each pair of utilities within a system can be a difficult task where several large utilities are interconnected. Thus, it is more advantageous to form a power pool with a single agreement that all join. That agreement provides established terms and conditions for pool members and is generally more complex than a bilateral agreement.

In one model, the power pool, formed by the utilities, has a control dispatch office from where the pool is administered. All the tasks regarding interchange of power and the settlement of disputes are assigned to the pool administrator.

The formation of power pools provide the following potential advantages:
Decrease in operating costs
Saving in reserve capacity requirements
Help from pool in unit commitment
Minimization of costs of maintenance scheduling
More reliable operation

The formation of a power pool is associated with a number of problems and constraints. These include:
Pool agreement may be very complex
Costs associated with establishing central dispatch office and the needed communication and computational facilities
The opposition of pool members to give up their rights to engage in independent transactions outside the pool.
The complexity towards dealing with regulatory authorities, if pool operates in more than one state.
The effort by each member of the pool to maximize its savings.

Power pooling is very important for extending energy control over a large area served by multiple utilities.

See also
 Wheeling (electric power transmission)

Notes

Further reading
  Master's Thesis

Pooling