omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Guan De. Guan De (; 12 July 1932 – 9 January 2018) was a Chinese aeroelasticity engineer and aircraft designer. He participated in the design and development of the Shenyang JJ-1 jet trainer and the Shenyang J-8 and J8-II interceptors. He served as Chief Engineer and Vice President of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and professor of Beihang University. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography 
Guan was born 12 July 1932 in Beiping (now Beijing), Republic of China. His father, Yin Fengming (尹凤鸣), was educated in Japan, taught at the Baoding Military Academy, and held the rank of major general. Because of Japanese invasion of China, Guan did not go to school and was educated at home until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the war, he entered Beijing No. 5 High School and then the Department of Aeronautics of Tsinghua University.

After graduating from Tsinghua in 1952, he was assigned to work at the Bureau of Aviation Industry under the Second Ministry of Machine Building. In August 1956, Guan was transferred to the newly established Aircraft Design Office of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (then known as the 112 Factory), where he worked under director Xu Shunshou and deputy directors Ye Zhengda and Huang Zhiqian. He was one of the key engineers who designed the Shenyang JJ-1 jet trainer.

Guan De was the first person in China to study aeroelasticity. When the 601 Institute of the Ministry of National Defense was established in 1961, Guan was named the head of its aeroelasticity group. Beginning in 1964, he participated in the design of the Shenyang J-8 interceptor fighter aircraft. He was later promoted to Vice President of the 601 Institute.

In September 1982, Guan was appointed Chief Engineer and Vice President of Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. He was the on-site director of the Shenyang J-8II interceptor, working with chief designer Gu Songfen.

In 1985, Guan was appointed Deputy Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. He also taught as an adjunct professor and Ph.D. advisor at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (now Beihang University).

Guan was diagnosed with kidney cancer in 1991. He survived the disease after undergoing nephrectomy, but was limited to working no more than six hours a week afterwards. He died on 9 January 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 85.

Awards 
In 1978, Guan's research on aeroelasticity won the National Science Congress Award and the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class). He was also awarded a Special Prize of the State Science and Technology Progress Award for his contributions to the development of the Shenyang J-8 and J-8II aircraft. He was elected a founding academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994.

References 

1932 births
2018 deaths
Chinese aircraft designers
Engineers from Beijing
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of Beihang University
Civil Aviation Administration of China
Letov Š-5. The Letov Š-5 was a light scout aircraft built by Letov in the early 1920s.

Design
The Š-5 was similar to the Letov Š-1 in armament and equipment. However, the weight was greater, and the fuselage was stronger and easier to repair. Only one aircraft was built, serving in an aviation school in Cheb until 1930.

Specifications

References

Further reading
 

1920s Czechoslovak military reconnaissance aircraft
S-5
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Letov Š-12. The Letov Š-12 was a fighter aircraft built by Letov in the early 1920s.

Design
The Š-12 was a monoplane based on the Letov Š-4. The aircraft remained a prototype only without entering mass production.

Specifications (Š-12)

References

1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
S-12
Monoplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Kaman K-17. The Kaman K-17 was a two-seat experimental helicopter built by Kaman in the late 1950s. It used a cold-jet rotor system.

Specifications

References

1950s United States helicopters
K-225
1950s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Tipjet-powered helicopters
Single-turbine helicopters
Single-rotor helicopters
Aircraft with skid landing gear
John C. West (philatelist). John Clifford West  (June 1922 – October 2016) was president of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and vice-chancellor of the University of Bradford. He was a philatelist who specialised in Chile and was appointed to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 2000. He was a fellow of the Institute of Paper Conservation and the Royal Philatelic Society London.

Selected publications
 Post Marks of Valparaiso (joint author)

References

1922 births
2016 deaths
Academics of the University of Bradford
British electrical engineers
British philatelists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Philatelic Society London
Philately of Chile
Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
IRVW II. The IRVW II („Integrated Research Volkswagen“) is a modified Volkswagen Passat (B2) from 1980. It was built for research on fuel economy in automobiles.

It had a 1300 cc engine, 997 kg weight and top speed 160 km/h (99 mph). It was developed under Ulrich Seiffert by Ernst Fiala.

Releasing the accelerator shuts down the engine and the vehicle automatically changes the vehicle into gliding. It saved up to 2 l/100 km compared to not using the Formula E. The engine was automatically restarted by using the accelerator. A similar feature was later known as the start-stop system. Depending on the road terrain conditions, it was possible to cover up to half of the way in gliding mode. Since gliding was not taken up into legislation of consumption and taxation, automatic engine shutdown made not its way into production. The additional costs for the new car would have been amortized by saving gasoline in two years average use. After the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 oil crisis, the concept marketed as Formula E stood for energy saving and expanded the features of the IRVW II. A green indicator light with an upward pointing arrow in the cockpit recommended the driver to shift up the manual gear box. Ford used this indicator in the 2000s in series. In the e-gear, the then newly installed in cars fifth gear in manual transmissions, a reduction in engine speed was achieved, but not on the vehicle speed, due headwind at this speed. An Ecometer showed in e-gear consumption in l/100 km.

The catalytic converter was already present in 1975 in the US. It was required at this time in 1980, but not on the European market, where leaded fuel which is not compatible with the catalytic converter, disappeared in 1987 from the filling stations in West Germany.

In 1995 Toyota filed the patent on a concept that includes gliding without drivers attention, but also a planetary gearset and electric drive, the predecessor of the Hybrid Synergy Drive, known as a major concept of hybrid vehicles which also keep the internal combustion engine operating inside the economic area of the consumption map.

References 

Volkswagen vehicles
Hatchbacks
Compact cars
Volkswagen concept vehicles
Kawanishi E13K. The Kawanishi E13K, company designation AM-19, was a Japanese 1930s three-seat reconnaissance floatplane.

Design and development
In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy requested the Kawanishi Aircraft Company and Aichi to design a replacement for the Navy's E7K seaplanes. Kawanishi's design, given the short designation E13K and long designation Kawanishi Navy 12-Shi Three-seat Reconnaissance Seaplane, was an all-metal, single-float seaplane armed with one Type 92 machine gun and either one bomb under the fuselage or four bombs under the wings.

The first of two E13K prototypes flew on 28 September 1938. In October 1938, the aircraft was transferred to the fleet base for testing, and, even though the E13K outperformed the Aichi E13A except in maximum speed, it was difficult to operate, so the Navy chose the E13A to be the replacement for the E7K.

Operators

 Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading
 

E07K, Kawanishi
Floatplanes
E013
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Shanghai Wanfeng Auto Group. Shanghai Wanfeng Coach Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was a manufacturer of automobiles from the People's Republic of China.

Company history 
The company was founded in 1995. The headquarter was located in Pudong district of the city Shanghai. The preparation for the production of automobiles began in 2000 under the brand name, Wanfeng.In 2001 they started to make cars in a factory in Zhejiang Province. However, in 2008s, the company became defunct.

The year 2004 sales was the best for the company with 10,000 cars sold. After that sales declined fast and by 2005, only 4,000 cars were sold. By 2008 the company sold only 824 cars in the first five months and decided to cease the car making operation.

Vehicles  
Available vehicle products during the period were all-terrain vehicles and pick-ups with the model names as follows:
Wanfeng Taiwei 
Wanfeng Suwei
Wanfeng Suda
Wanfeng Caiyou
Wanfeng Fuyida

Production 

Note: The production number of 2003 refers only to SUVs. Additionally, 2445 pick-ups were created.

External links 
  (English, accessed on 6 February 2016)
 Internetseite der Wanfeng Auto Holding Group (English, accessed on February 6, 2016)
  d’Auto (Dutch, accessed on February 6, 2016)

References 

Car manufacturers of China
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1994
Chinese companies established in 1994
Chinese brands
Car brands
Kawanishi K6K. The Kawanishi K6K was a prototype Japanese training aircraft built by the Kawanishi Aircraft Company in the late 1930s.

Design
The K6K was a two-seat, twin-float biplane with a welded steel-tube fuselage, covered in fabric, light alloy, a steel wing covered in fabric, and monocoque floats built from light alloy. It was conceived in response to an Imperial Japanese Navy requirement for an intermediate-level training seaplane. The first flight of the K6K occurred on 30 April 1938, but flight tests revealed poor alighting characteristics, so the K6K was not ordered into production.

Specifications (K6K)

References

K06K, Kawanishi
K06K
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Kevin Schneider. Kevin Bruce Schneider is a United States Air Force general who has served as the commander of the Pacific Air Forces since 2024. He previously served as director of staff of the United States Air Force from 2021 to 2024. He also served as the commander of the United States Forces Japan and the Fifth Air Force.

Air Force career

Kevin Schneider was raised in Springfield, Virginia, and graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1988 with a degree in engineering science. He attended Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot training at Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls, Texas, and graduated in 1989. He attended F-16 Fighting Falcon training at MacDill Air Force Base, and was stationed at Osan Air Base and Misawa Air Base. In 1996, he graduated from the USAF Weapons School. He was then stationed at Shaw Air Force Base and as a Weapons School instructor at Nellis Air Force Base. He served as the aide-de-camp for then-Chief of Staff of the Air Force General Michael E. Ryan. He served as chief of the 52nd Fighter Wing Weapons and Tactics at Spangdahlem Air Base, and commanded the 80th Fighter Squadron at Kunsan Air Base. He attended the Marine Corps War College, and served as the deputy commander of the 56th Operations Group and as vice commander of the 388th Fighter Wing. He commanded the 80th Flying Training Wing at Sheppard Air Force Base, and the 380th Air Expeditionary Wing at Al Dhafra Air Base. He then served as the chief of staff of the Pacific Air Forces and Indo-Pacific Command Headquarters in Hawaii. In February 2019, he assumed command of Fifth Air Force and United States Forces Japan.

In July 2021, he was nominated and confirmed to succeed Timothy Fay as Director of Staff of the United States Air Force. He assumed the position on 8 September 2021.

In April 2023, Schneider was nominated for promotion to general and assignment as commander of the Pacific Air Forces.

Awards and decorations

Effective dates of promotions

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Marine Corps War College alumni
People from Springfield, Virginia
United States Air Force Academy alumni
United States Air Force generals
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Alon Orlitsky. Alon Orlitsky (Hebrew: אלון אורליצקי; born July 25, 1958) is an Israeli-American information theorist and the Qualcomm Professor for Information Theory and its Applications at University of California, San Diego.

Education and career 
Orlitsky received a BSc in Mathematics and Electrical Engineering from Ben Gurion University in 1981, and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1986. He was a member of Bell Labs from 1986 to 1996, and worked for D. E. Shaw from 1996 to 1997. He joined UCSD in 1997. Orlitsky is known for his contribution to the fields of communication complexity, source coding, and more recently in probability estimation.

Honors and awards 
Orlitsky is a recipient of the IEEE W.R.G. Baker Award in 1992, the IEEE Information Theory Society paper award in 2006, a best paper award at NeurIPS in 2015, and a best paper honorable mention at International Conference on Machine Learning in 2017, and the 2021 Claude E. Shannon Award of IEEE Information Theory Society.

References

1958 births
Year of birth missing (living people)
American information theorists
University of California, San Diego faculty
D. E. Shaw & Co. people
Living people
Scientists at Bell Labs
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Israeli information theorists
Hayley Todesco. Hayley Todesco is a Canadian student inventor who is best known for winning the Google Science Fair in 2014 for her use of sand filters to clean up oil sands waste.

Early life 

Todesco was born and brought up in Alberta, Canada. At age 10, Todesco was inspired by the documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, to clean up the environment and began to participate in multiple science fairs.

At age 16, she developed a sand filtering system to combat water pollution issues which arise as a result of oil sands waste - specifically the by-product naphthentic acid. To develop this, Todesco spent two years in assistant professor Lisa Gieg's lab at the University of Calgary, where she had access to bacteria and oilsand tailings, and developed a sand bioreactor to break down naphthentic acid. The bioreactor was developed using binder clips, an IV bag and a popcorn bucket. Todesco worked in the lab after school, spent March breaks there and also skipped her grade 12 classes (at Queen Elizabeth Junior Senior High School) to develop this project while attending high school. Her bacteria-infused sand filtration bioreactor were able to degrade oil sand waste 14 times faster than current methods.

Todesco's project (Waste to water: biodegrading naphthenic acids using novel sand bioreactors) was selected as the Google Science Fair regional winner in Calgary in 2014, allowing her to proceed to the global competition as one of the fifteen finalists in September 2014, where Todesco won in her age category (17-18 year olds). She won a Lego trophy and a $25,000 scholarship from Google. Prior to Todesco's win in 2014, Canadian Ann Makosinski (then 15 years old) also won the Google Science Fair in her age category for a body heat-powered flashlight.

Todesco also received the 2014 Stockholm Junior Water Prize for her project, where she was awarded $15,000 and an additional $5,000 was allocated to her high school.

Since her win, Todesco has pursued an undergraduate degree in molecular genetics at the University of Alberta, where she was awarded a $50,000 President’s Centenary Entrance Citation undergraduate scholarship. She was recognized as one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20 by Plan Canada, and Canada’s Top 25 Environmentalists Under 25 by The Starfish in 2017.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Alberta
University of Alberta alumni
21st-century Canadian inventors
21st-century Canadian scientists
21st-century Canadian women scientists
Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub. Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub is a dedicated mobile handset and electronics manufacturing facility located at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. Its foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi along with Andhra Pradesh Governor E.S.L. Narasimhan, Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu and central minister M. Venkaiah Naidu on 22 October 2015. It is spread over 120 acres and is expected to create 10000 jobs with an investment of 2000 crores. The hub is also planned to facilitate manufacturers of Headphones and adaptors.

It hosts companies like Celkon and Karbon which are manufacturing their phones from this hub.

References 

Economy of Andhra Pradesh
Electronics companies of India
Tirupati
Buildings and structures in Tirupati
Evaporator (disambiguation). An evaporator is a device which turns the liquid form of a substance into its gaseous or vapour form.  This is a widely used process and there are many applications for it.

Fundamental chemical production processes:
 Vacuum evaporation 
 Flash evaporation
 Multi-effect distillation

Mechanisms for performing evaporation:
 Rotary evaporator, a vacuum evaporator, typically used in chemistry laboratories
 Centrifugal evaporator
 Circulation evaporator
 Rising film evaporator
 Falling film evaporator
 Climbing and falling film plate evaporator
 Multiple-effect evaporator
 Vapor-compression evaporation

Air conditioning:
 Evaporative cooler, simple unpowered cooling
 Evaporative cooling chambers, an application thereof
 Spray pond, large scale external cooling

Refrigeration:
 Vapor-compression refrigeration, the common motor-driven form of refrigerator, where the evaporator forms the 'cold plate' within the refrigerator
 Absorption refrigerator, a refrigerator powered by a heat source, also with an evaporator as the cold plate

Production of potable drinking water and boiler feedwater at sea or on arid coasts:
 Evaporator (marine)
 Chaplin's patent distilling apparatus
 Vapor-compression desalination
 Multi-stage flash distillation
China Railway Signal & Communication. China Railway Signal & Communication (CRSC) is a Chinese company specializing in train control systems, such as signals. The company was established by a merger of several (state-owned) enterprises in 2010 and went public in 2015. The roots of the company date back to 1953.

The company is the developer of the Chinese Train Control System.

Subsidiaries
 CRSC Vehicle Corp (通号轨道车辆有限公司), a manufacturer of low floor trams, based in Changsha. It is a joint venture of CRSC and Inekon Trams of Czech Republic
 CASCO Signal Ltd (卡斯柯信号有限公司), signal solution provider headquartered in Shanghai. Is a joint venture of CRSC and Alstom

Controversy
CRSC is the maker of the signaling equipment used on the track of the Wenzhou train collision, and was held partially responsible for the disaster.

References

2010 establishments in China
Railway companies of China
List of astrometric solvers. Programs capable of Astrometric solving:

The solvers Elbrus and Charon are obsolete and no longer developed.

External links
 Astrometry.net webpage
 All sky solver webpage  
 ANSVR webpage
 Astrometry.net API lite 
  Astrotortilla webpage
 CloudMakers webpage
 Stellar Solver 
 ASTAP webpage
 Regim webpage
 Siril webpage
 SIPS webpage
 Tetra3 webpage
 XParallax viu webpage
 Astrometrica webpage
 Observatory webpage
 PinPoint webpage
 PixInsight webpage
 PlaneWave Instruments webpage
 TheSky Astronomy Software webpage
 Logiciel PRISM
 PlateSolve3 info

 
Astronomical imaging
Astronomy software
astrometric solvers
JAC Refine A60. The JAC Refine A60 (瑞风A60) is an executive car made by the Chinese automaker JAC. The Refine A60 is the largest sedan of the JAC Refine series, and was seen as the series' flagship.

JAC Refine A6 concept (2014)
The Refine A6 (瑞风A6) concept was unveiled in 2014 Beijing Auto Show. The Refine A6 concept is essentially the pre-production concept previewing the Refine A60. The front grille and headlights design of the A60 concept was being inspired by the Audi A6.

JAC Refine A60 (2016)
JAC Refine A60 (瑞风A60) was unveiled 2015 Shanghai Auto Show, followed by 2015 Guangzhou Auto Show.

China model was set to go on sale in Q1 2016, but was delayed to November 2016. Early model included 1.5 turbo (rated 174hp/251Nm) engine, with 2.0 turbo rated (190hp/280Nm) model available later. Prices of the Refine A60 ranges from 139,500 yuan to 179,500 yuan.

Engines and transmission
There were two engines available, including a 1.5 liter turbocharged petrol engine producing 174hp and 251nm, and a 2.0 liter turbo petrol engine producing 190hp and 280nm. Both engines was mated to either a six-speed manual transmission or a six-speed DCT.

JAC iEVA60 
JAC iEVA60 (江淮iEVA60) is based on the Refine A60 body with additional batteries and an electric motor. According to JAC official numbers, the maximum range of the iEVA60 is 405 to 510 kilometers. The prototype vehicle was unveiled in 2018 Guangzhou Auto Show.

References

External links
JAC Motors A60 page: English, Chinese

Refine A60
Executive cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Mid-size cars
Sedans
Cars introduced in 2015
Jiangsu Kawei Automotive Industrial Group. The Jiangsu Kawei Automotive Industrial Group is an automotive manufacturing company of People's Republic of China based in Danyang in Jiangsu Province.

Company history 
The Jiangsu Kawei Automotive Industrial Group was founded in 1992 and started out making mini buses, special vehicles, and vehicle parts. 

In 2012, Jiangsu Kawei Automotive Industry Group started to build cars and the Kawei Auto (卡威汽车) brand was launched.

Vehicles 
Vehicle products of Jiangsu Kawei Automotive Industrial Group are listed as below:

Pickups and SUVs 
Kawei K1 
Kawei K150
Kawei K150GT
Kawei W1 (Kawei Louis)

Electric vehicles
Kawei EV1
Kawei EV4
Kawei EV5
Kawei EV7
Kawei Elfin
Hummer HX electric

References

External links 
 Kawei Auto 

Car manufacturers of China
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1992
Chinese companies established in 1992
Chinese brands
Car brands
Electric vehicle manufacturers of China
1992 in Nanjing