omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pernem railway station. Pernem railway station (Station code: PERN) is a railway station in North Goa district of Goa state.

It is part of the Konkan Railway, in the town of Pernem in the North Goa district of Goa State and is under Karwar railway division of Konkan Railway zone, a subsidiary zone of Indian Railways.

History 

The  Pernem Tunnel on the line was begun in 1992, but had a lengthy history of repeated tunnel collapses that held up completion of the entire line through Pernem until 1998.
The chief engineer of the tunnel construction was later to characterize it as "a job from hell", with repeated floods caused by monsoon weather that could wash away months of work in a matter of hours.
Nine workers died during the Pernem Tunnel construction alone, out of the 74 deaths across the entire Konkan Railway project.

A  section of the tunnel collapsed again in August 2020, and required 40 days work to restore service, reinforcing the tunnel with steel plates; all of which had to be done during the lockdown restrictions imposed to counter the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

On July 9, 2024, water was seen seeping into the tunnel at 14:35, leading to disruptions in the train services of Konkan Railways. The waterlogging caused was cleared and at 22:13, trains were allowed to pass through the tunnel at a speed of 5 km/h. However, on the next day at 03:00, the issue reoccurred. As of July 10, 2024 several trains have been cancelled or diverted and the tunnel has not yet been cleared.

Structure 
It is located at  above sea level and has two platforms. As of 2016, a single broad-gauge railway line exists at this station, and 14 trains stop at Pernem. The Goa Airport situated at Dabolim is at distance of  from this railway station.

References

Sources 

 
 
 
 

Railway stations in India opened in 1997
Railway stations in North Goa district
Railway stations along Konkan Railway line
Karwar railway division
BEC819 series. The , branded "DENCHA" (Dual Energy Charge Train), is a two-car battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) train operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) on inter-running services over the Fukuhoku Yutaka Line and Chikuhō Main Line in Fukuoka Prefecture in northern Kyushu, Japan, since October 2016, and also on the Kashii Line.

Design
Based on the earlier 817 series electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, styling of the trains was overseen by industrial designer Eiji Mitooka.

The lithium-ion battery system used has a capacity of 360 kWh and operates at 1,598 V.

Operations
The BEC819 series trains are used on through services over the Fukuhoku Yutaka Line electrified at 20 kV 60 Hz AC and the non-electrified Chikuhō Main Line (known as the "Wakamatsu Line") between  and .

Since late 2018/early 2019, they are also used on the non-electrified Kashii Line.

These newer vehicles used on the Kashii Line belong to the "300" series (11 trainsets in total), while the slightly older ones used on the Wakamatsu Line are the "0" series (7 trainsets in total).

Formations
, the fleet consists of eighteen two-car sets formed as follows, with one motorised ("Mc") car and one non-powered trailer ("TC") car.

 The KuMoHa BEC819 car has one single-arm pantograph.
 The KuHa BEC818 car has a toilet at the inner end.

Interior
Internally, LED lighting is used throughout.

History

Initial details of the new train were formally announced by JR Kyushu on 29 January 2016. A pre-series two-car train was delivered from Hitachi's factory in Yamaguchi Prefecture in April 2016. This underwent testing before entering revenue-earning service on 19 October 2016.
In May 2017, the BEC819 series was awarded the 2017 Blue Ribbon Award, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.

Build histories

The individual build histories of the fleet are as follows.

See also
 Smart BEST, a self-charging BEMU train developed by Kinki Sharyo in 2012
 EV-E301 series, a DC BEMU introduced by JR East on the Karasuyama Line in 2014
 EV-E801 series, an AC BEMU introduced by JR East on the Oga Line in 2017

References

Further reading

External links

 JR Kyushu press release (29 January 2016) 

819
Kyushu Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2016
Hitachi multiple units
20 kV AC multiple units
Battery electric multiple units
Beck tunnel boring machine. The Beck tunnel boring machine (alternately Big Becky) was the largest tunnel boring machine in the world, when it was operated by Ontario Power Generation, from 2006 to 2011.  Hydro used it to bore a deep replacement tunnel to supply water from the upper Niagara River  to the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Plant. The tunnel it bored was  in diameter.

The tunnel was delayed when Beck encountered a bed of loose material, unsuitable for boring, that required a detour.

According to Ontario Power Generation the TBM itself weighed 2000 tons.
However, when its task was complete, Western Mechanical, the firm that removed Beck, described it weighing 7000 tons.

References

Tunnel boring machines
Heavy equipment
Research Centre Imarat. Research Centre Imarat (RCI) is a Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) laboratory located in Hyderabad, Telangana. The lab is responsible for research and development of missile systems, guided weapons and advanced avionics for the Indian Armed Forces. It was established by APJ Abdul Kalam in 1988. It is currently headed by Anindya Biswas. He is the new Director of RCI Hyderabad with effect from July 1, 2023.

Background and projects
The Research Centre Imarat (RCI) is a global frontrunner in developing avionics and navigation systems for missiles. RCI is the leading laboratory which has successfully spearheaded the Indo-Israel joint development Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) programme and had hat-trick success in its first three consecutive missions. RCI, in a collobartion with other Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories, the Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORAD).

References

Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories
Research institutes in Hyderabad, India
1988 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Research institutes established in 1988
Stock tank oil. Stock tank oil refers to the volume of oil after flashing to nominal atmospheric (or other stated) storage pressure and temperature (as opposed to reservoir conditions).

Background 
Crude oil is a complex mixture of many individual compounds which influence the physical properties of the oil, such as its density (API gravity), viscosity, Permeability, Dew point, Formation Volume, etc.. The properties also influence how the oil is classified and its value.

The quantity of oil originally in place in a reservoir is usually expressed as Stock Tank Oil Originally In Place (STOOIP), this is usually given in millions of stock tank barrels (MMstb).

Processing 
Crude oil from subterranean reservoirs is usually produced with associated gas, produced water and solids such as sand. The crude oil must be stabilised to prevent excessive gassing during storage and to remove water and solids. Stabilisation involves passing the wellhead fluids through one, two, or three stages of separation operating at successively lower pressure to flash off lighter hydrocarbons and to remove water and solids. For a three stage train the operating pressures of the high, intermediate and low pressure separators might typically be:

 HP separator: 1200 psig
 IP separator: 200 psig
 LP separator: 50 psig
 Stock tank: 2 psig

The vapor pressure and relative volatility of constituent compounds is: 

Alternatively, plant may be arranged with each stage operating at successively higher temperature.

The product is dead crude which is stored in stock tanks operating at just above atmospheric pressure. Offshore production also produces a dead crude but is often spiked with natural gas liquids (NGL) as a convenient transport route for these liquids. This is known as live crude. The NGL is flashed off and recovered in the onshore separation plant. The operating pressure and temperature of the separation plant may be specified such that the oil meets a required vapor pressure, such as Reid Vapor Pressure.

Properties 
Density and viscosity are important property inputs into correlations for pipe-flow calculations. Stack Tank Oil (STO) density (or API) may also be used by regulatory bodies to classify oil and oil products. Other properties such as Molecular Weight, saturated aromatic resin and asphaltene (SARA), refractive index, wax appearance temperature, asphaltene precipitation, and acid number, are also specified at Stock Tank conditions. Typically stock tank conditions are 14.7 psia and 60 °F (101,325 Pa and 16 °C).Flowrates of oil are commonly specified at Stock Tank conditions, e.g: Stock Tank barrels of oil per day STBOPD.

See also
 Oil in place

References

www.oilgasglossary.com/stock_tank_oil.html

Petroleum industry
Petroleum production
Swan 48. Swan 48 is a GRP constructed, fin keeled, masthead sloop or yawl designed by Sparkman & Stephens with a design number 2079 and manufactured by Nautor Oy. The original 48 was designed to rate under the I.O.R. and at the same time to offer the comforts of a great cruising boat. Because of this design criteria and its extremely strong structure Swan 48 suits very well for trans ocean racing as well as comfortable cruising and even circumnavigating the world. It was in production between 1971 and 1975 with 46 hulls built in total. It is not to be confused with a German Frers designed Swan 48 model which was in production between 1995 and 2003. The original S&S designed Swan 48 is famous for its two wins in the Newport-Bermuda Race; 'Noryema VIII' in 1972 (the first non-US yacht ever to win the Bermuda Race) and 'Constellation' in 1992. In the US market Swan 48 was also marketed as Palmer Johnson PJ48.

References

Keelboats
Sailing yachts
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailboat types built by Nautor Swan
Sailboat type designs by Olin Stephens
Sailboat type designs by Sparkman and Stephens
Chahida Ben Fraj Bouraoui. Chahida Ben Fraj Bouraoui, (born 1 September 1960 in Monastir, Tunisia) is an engineer, politician and deputy of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People as a representative of the Ennahda Movement. She was Secretary of State for Housing from 24 December 2011 to 29 January 2014, with Mohamed Salmane, Minister of Infrastructure and Environment.

Life
She has a degree in civil engineering. From 2005, she was director of training for the Ministry of Infrastructure. From 2004 she was a member of the board of Tunisia Société Nationale Immobilière.

See also 
 Jebali Cabinet
 Laarayedh Cabinet

References

External links
Who's Who

Tunisian engineers
1960 births
Living people
People from Monastir Governorate
Lamia Chafei Seghaier. Lamia Chafei Seghaier (born 4 May 1968 in Tunis) is a Tunisian engineer and politician. She was the Secretary of State to the Minister of Communication Technologies in charge of Information Technology, Internet and Free Software between 2008 and 2011.

Education 
Seghaier earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from National School of Engineering, Monastir and University of Technology of Compiègne.

Career 
In 1993, Seghaier became a network engineer in a private company, and then in 1996 she began working at the Tunisian Internet Agency, where she was successively Head of Service in charge of e-commerce, Deputy Director in charge of Technology and Security, and then Director in charge of Technology.

Seghaier became CEO, replacing Adel Gaaloul, and held this position from September 2007 to 2 January 2008.

Seghaier also helped develop some university courses, from 2000 to 2002,.

Between January 2008 and January 2011, 
Seghaier was Secretary of State to the Minister of Communication Technologies in charge of Information Technology, Internet and Free Software. She held this position in the first Ghannouchi government, and then with Minister Mohamed Naceur Ammar, from 2010 and until the 2011 revolution.

Personal life 
Seghaier is married and has one child.

References 

1968 births
Living people
Tunisian women engineers
People from Tunis
21st-century women engineers
List of power stations in Laos. Electricity generation in Laos is produced by one coal-fired power plant and several hydroelectric dams. 53% of power generated in 2016 came from renewable sources. The majority of power produced from the Hongsa plant is exported to Thailand. The Xayaburi run-of-river dam is expected to generate over 7,000 GWh of electricity per year, which will mainly be exported to Thailand as part of the development of an interconnected Southeast Asian energy market.

Thermal

Hydroelectric 
Table 1: Existing Lao hydropower stations (15 MW installed capacity and above).

Notes: COD = Commercial Operating Date; MW = Megawatt; GWh = Gigawatt hours; m = metres; m3 = cubic metres; km2 = square kilometres.

Table 2: Hydropower dams under construction in Laos (15 MW installed capacity and above)

Notes: COD = Commercial Operating Date; MW = Megawatt; GWh = Gigawatt hours; m = metres; m3 = cubic metres; km2 = square kilometres.

References 

 Ministry of Energy and Mines - Power Projects (archived)

Power stations in Laos| 
Laos
Power stations
Yenwith K. Whitney. Yenwith K. Whitney (December 22, 1924 – April 12, 2011) was a fighter pilot with the Tuskegee Airmen in World War II, as an aeronautical engineer, and educator.

World War II

In 1943 Whitney enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps and was transferred to the 66th Air Force Flying School at Alabama's Tuskegee Institute (now known as Tuskegee University). He became a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, as part of the 301st Fighter Squadron. Whitney flew 34 combat missions in Europe during World War II and was awarded the Air Medal with three Oak Leaf Clusters.

Education and career

When the war ended, Whitney attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study aeronautical engineering. While at MIT, Whitney was one of four student delegates chosen to represent the Institute at the annual convention of the US National Student Association (NSA). He was also a member of the MIT Flying Club.

After receiving his degree, Whitney worked as an aeronautical engineer at Republic Aircraft and the EDO Corporation before beginning a life of service to the Presbyterian Church. He spent ten years teaching math and physics at a mission in Cameroon, then returned to the US as Associate for Educational Services in the Presbyterian Church. He also briefly served as principal at Boggs Academy in Keysville, Georgia. He retired from his work with the Presbyterian Church in 1992.

After retirement, Whitney spoke with various groups about his experiences as a Tuskegee Airman and was active with the MIT Alumni Association, where he was involved on their national selection committee.

References

External links
 
 Yenwith Whitney's Historic Career - Alumni Profile

1924 births
2011 deaths
Military personnel from New York City
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Tuskegee Airmen
African-American aviators
21st-century African-American people
Winds Italia Raven. The Winds Italia Raven is an Italian powered hang glider that was designed by champion hang glider pilot Randy Haney and produced by his company Winds Italia of Bologna. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Raven features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, single-place accommodation, foot-launching and landing and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft uses a standard hang glider wing, made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. The engine is a two-stroke, single cylinder Radne Raket 120 of  powering the  diameter propeller through a 3.54:1 reduction drive. The harness mounts the engine and the  fuel tank. Dual retractable small wheels are provided to protect the propeller during take-off and landing. Electric starting and a folding propeller are standard features.

Specifications (Raven)

See also
Winds Italia Orbiter - a paramotor design from the same manufacturer

References

External links
Archived official photos on Archive.org

Raven
2000s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered hang gliders
Marron William Fort. Marron William Fort (1906–1961) was a chemist who was the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. in any engineering field.  He also was the first African-American to earn a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1933.

Early life and education
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1906, Fort attended Cambridge High and Latin School, graduating on June 18, 1918. He entered MIT in 1922, graduating with an S.B. in 1926 and an S.M. in 1927, both in electrical engineering. In 1933, he completed a Ph.D. in the Department of Chemistry with a dissertation entitled, "Heat of Dilution of Hydrochloric Acid by Continuous Flow Calorimetry."

Career
During World War II, Fort served as chief chemist and plant superintendent of H. and G. J. Caldwell Company in Massachusetts.  In 1954, he joined the chemical industries staff at the Advisory Bureau for Commerce of the U.S. Department of Commerce, serving in Tel Aviv, Israel, making him the highest ranked African-American appointed to a governmental technical post in a foreign country at that time. In 1957, he joined the International Cooperation Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of State, and then served as deputy chief on the Industrial and Transportation Division, U.S. Operations Mission, of the International Co-op Administration at Ankara, Turkey, until 1959. He became chief of this same division in Pakistan until 1961 when he returned to Washington, D.C., with the Department of State.

Death and legacy
Fort died in Washington on September 18, 1961, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

In 1973, MIT established a graduate fellowship in Fort's honor. The Fort Fellowship was awarded to "the most promising senior minority student who has been accepted for graduate study at M.I.T."

References

African-American chemists
20th-century American chemists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
1906 births
1961 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
20th-century African-American scientists
Chemists from Massachusetts
Winds Italia Orbiter. The Winds Italia Orbiter is a family of Italian paramotors that were designed by Randy Haney and produced by his company Winds Italia of Bologna for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when the series was available the aircraft were supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Orbiter series was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. They feature a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single engine in pusher configuration with a reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed wooden propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Reviewer Rene Coulon noted the Orbiter's design for both its aesthetics and robustness.

Variants
Orbiter
Model with a  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3.54:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed wooden propeller.
Orbiter XP
Higher powered model with a  Cors'Air M21Y engine in pusher configuration with a 1.9:1 ratio reduction drive and a two-bladed wooden propeller. Other reduction ratios were factory available as options. The XP was supplied without an electric starter or battery to save weight. The resulting unit empty weight was .

Specifications (Orbiter)

See also
Winds Italia Raven - a powered hang glider design from the same manufacturer

References

Orbiter
2000s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Renwick Generating Plant. Renwick Generating Plant, also known as the Municipal Steam Light Plant, is a historical industrial facility located in Renwick, Iowa, United States. G.L. Long was an engineer who was contracted in 1914 to design a steam-powered electrical light plant.  It first distributed energy on March 14, 1915, at 6:00 p.m.  The steam engines were replaced by a 75-horsepower, two-cylinder, semi-diesel engine and generating equipment manufactured by Fairbanks-Morse in 1922.  A 125-horsepower diesel engine manufactured by Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation was added in 1936. At that time the plant started to supply power to a newly formed rural electric cooperative that was funded by the Rural Electrification Act of 1936.  A Faribanks-Morse 300-horsepower, four-cylinder diesel was added in 1939, and the 75-horsepower and 40-horsepower engines were replaced in 1942 by another 300-horsepower diesel.  An addition was added onto the north side of the building the same year.  It housed the local fire department and city hall.  The facility was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

The plant is a single-story, rectangular building that was built of concrete block manufactured in Renwick. It is a contributing building in the historic district.  Contributing structures include the three engines, a transformer substation bank, a cooling tower, a water tower, and a utility shed.

References

Industrial buildings completed in 1915
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Humboldt County, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Humboldt County, Iowa
Winds Italia. Winds Italia () was an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Bologna that was founded by Canadian hang glider champion pilot Randy Haney. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors and powered hang glider harnesses in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.

The company seems to have been founded about 2001 and gone out of business in 2008, when production of its two models was passed to Flugsport Vetterl GmbH und Co. KG of Schwarzenfeld, Germany.

Winds Italia built a powered hang glider harness, the Raven, employing the single cylinder Radne Raket 120 engine of . The company produced the Airwalker paramotor and later the Orbiter series, introduced in 2003 and which replaced the Airwalker in production. The Orbiter offered both the Raket engine and the higher-powered Orbiter XP model with a   Cors'Air M21Y engine.

Aircraft

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Italy
Ultralight aircraft
Powered hang gliders
Paramotors
Félix Ynduráin Muñoz. Félix Ynduráin Muñoz (born January 18, 1946) is a Spanish condensed matter physicist and Professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid. He has more than 120 research papers published. Some of the centers where he has worked are the University of Cambridge, the University of California, Berkeley, the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Paris-Sud and the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research.

His research is currently focused on properties of point and extended defects in graphene and its derivatives, electronic structure and electron-phonon interaction in iron-based superconductors of high critical temperature, and on clathrate hydrates as storage of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc.

References

External links 
 Félix Ynduráin's research papers in Physical Review Letters
 Félix Ynduráin's research papers in arXiv
 Ideas4all

Spanish physicists
1946 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Autonomous University of Madrid