omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NAMU KDN Gorgon. The Naval Aircraft Modification Unit KDN Gorgon, originally designated TD2N, is an early jet-powered target drone developed by the Bureau of Aeronautics and constructed by the Naval Aircraft Modification Unit for use by the United States Navy. First flown near the end of World War II, it was cancelled due to problems with its engine in 1946.

Development
The TD2N-1 was a development of the Gorgon IIIB missile, designed in 1943 by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics for use against heavy bomber aircraft and ground targets using optical guidance. The Gorgon IIIB was cancelled due to its engine proving unsatisfactory; however, a version simplified for use as a target drone was developed starting in November 1944. Built by the Navy's Naval Aircraft Modification Unit, located in the former Brewster Aeronautical Corporation factory in Johnsville, Pennsylvania, the TD2N-1 was of conventional design, with a monoplane wing and twin-tail configuration; to reduce cost and pressure on strategic materials, it was constructed primarily of wood with some portions of the fuselage being fabric-covered. The aircraft was powered by a Westinghouse 9.5 – later redesignated J32 – turbojet engine mounted beneath the airframe. The drone was controlled by a combination of preset navigation and radio command guidance, and was equipped with a parachute recovery system to allow the aircraft to be reused if it was not shot down.

Operational history
The first drop tests of the TD2N-1 took place in June 1945; on 27 June, the first powered flight was attempted, but the aircraft crashed following  a failure of the radio command system. On 17 August, the TD2N-1 completed its first successful powered flight. Testing at Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst continued following the end of World War II; in early 1946, the aircraft was redesignated KDN-1 as the Navy rationalized its designation system, however in March of that year the program was cancelled because of continuing development issues with the Westinghouse engine.

Surviving aircraft
One KDN-1 survives, having been donated by the United States Navy to the National Air and Space Museum in 1965; it remains in storage awaiting restoration.

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

KDN
1940s United States special-purpose aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Target drones
Single-engined jet aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
World War II jet aircraft of the United States
Goethals Monument. The Goethals Monument in a monument in Panama City, Panama. It was constructed in honor of George Washington Goethals the chief engineer of the Panama Canal and United States Army General. He also was the State Engineer of New Jersey and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army in World War I.

It was designed by Alfred P. Shaw of Chicago and was built by the Martinz de Panamá construction company.

The monument is a white Vermont marble construction and was revealed to the public on March 31, 1954. Its central high part symbolizes the Continental Divide and the piles on the sides represent the Canal locks, from which the waters of Gatun Lake reach the oceans.

References

Monuments and memorials in South America
Panama Canal
Pesticide standard value. Pesticide standard values are applied worldwide to control pesticide pollution, since pesticides are largely applied in numerous agricultural, commercial, residential, and industrial applications. Usually, pesticide standard value is regulated in residential surface soil (i.e., pesticide soil regulatory guidance value, or RGV), drinking water (i.e., pesticide drinking water maximum concentration level, or MCL), foods (i.e., pesticide food maximum residue level, or MRL), and other ecological sections (e.g., air, surface water, groundwater, bed sediment, or aquatic organisms).

Definition 
Pesticide standard values specify the maximum amount of a pollutant that may be present without prompting some form of regulatory response such as human health and ecological effects. Pesticide standard values are often derived from laboratory toxicology data (i.e., animal tests), human or ecological parameters (i.e., body weight, intake rate, lifetime, etc.), and human health risk models such as USEPA and RIVM models. On the other hand, the European Union took a precautionary approach (in accordance with the principles of its environmental policy) before toxicological data was available and provided very strict and protective standards for all pesticides in drinking water.

Worldwide pesticide standard values 
Up till now (November 2017), less than 30% of the worldwide nations have regulated pesticide standard values in surface residential soil, about 50% of the total nations have provided pesticide standard values in drinking water and agricultural foods. Many nations in Africa, Asia, and South America are lacking pesticide standard values for the major human and ecological exposure pathways such as soil, sediment, and water.

Pesticide standard values for many current and historical largely used pesticides such as DDT, aldrin, lindane, glyphosate, MCPA, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D often vary over seven, eight, or nine orders of magnitude and are log-normally distributed, which indicates that there is little agreement on the regulation of pesticide standard values among worldwide jurisdictions. Additionally, many worldwide pesticide standard values are not sufficiently low to protect public health based on human health risk uncertainty bounds calculations and maximum legal contribution estimations.

See also
Persistent organic pollutant
Aquatic toxicology
Regulation of pesticides in the European Union
Pesticide regulation in the United States

References

Pollution control technologies
Pesticides
Environmental effects of pesticides
Environmental standards
Kitty AI: Artificial Intelligence for Governance. Kitty AI: Artificial Intelligence for Governance is a 2016 art project by artist and researcher Pinar Yoldas. It is a 12-minute 3D animation.

The work imagines a future where artificial intelligence takes over politics and an AI kitten becomes the first non-human governor in the year 2039. Kitty AI takes the format of a 3D animation where a  digital kitten introduces itself as the first AI governor with extensive affective capacities such as being capable of loving millions of people, and delivers a speech about the grounds on which networks of artificial intelligence replace politicians.

The work both humorously and critically engages with a dystopian future which is given rise by some contemporary problems that concern global politics, such as climate change and population displacement. It also points to the uncanny intersections of algorithmic or machinic intelligence with the question of emotions.

Kitty AI has been exhibited in a number of venues such as Zorlu Center PSM in Istanbul (2017), Haus der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin (2017), STUK House for Dance, Image and Sound in Levuven (2017), Transfer Gallery in Brooklyn, New York (2017), as well as in Ann Arbor Film Festival in Michigan (2017).

References

External links
Review on YouTube

3D graphics art
Nacala Logistics Corridor. The Nacala Logistics Corridor is a logistical mega-enterprise for connecting areas in Southeast Africa, which includes the creation and management of railways, highways, ports and airports, which directly serve Mozambique and Malawi, and indirectly to Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The main focus is the transport of coal from mines in western Mozambique east to the port of Nacala via Malawi. The enterprise included both construction of new trackage and the rebuilding of existing lines.

In 2010, Brazilian mining company Vale purchased majority ownership in Nacala railway (Mozambique) and Malawian railroad Central East African Railways as the beginning phase of a project to develop rail access from the deepwater port at Nacala to the company's mines near Moatize, Mozambique. In December 2011, Vale contracted with the government of Malawi to rebuild trackage in the country and construct  of new railroad from Cambulatsissi on the western border of Malawi to Nkaya, where it would connect with the existing line. In July 2012, Vale entered into a partnership with Mozambican state company Mozambique Ports and Railways (CFM) to improve the existing CDN line—formally named the Nacala Logistics Corridor, the name eventually ended up referring to the entire project in both countries. To this end, mining company Vale, CFM and Malawi companies agreed on the creation of the Northern Development Corridor Society (CLIN) joint venture to manage the logistics equipment in the Nacala Corridor.

Early estimates placed the cost of the project, arranged as an 80/20 partnership between Vale and CFM, respectively, at US$1.1 billion.  The first test trains began operating over the line in November 2014,  and regular service began the following year. In late 2016, the Siemens-designed positive train control system came online, allowing for train frequency to increase with coal production.  In May 2017, a ceremony in Nacala marked the formal completion of the line, by which time 22 daily coal trains were operating over the route. By the time of its completion, the total cost of the line had risen to US$4.4 billion.

The Nacala Logistics Corridor has a total of  of trackage, all of which has a 1,067 mm gauge. It operates 85 General Electric Dash 9-BBW locomotives and 1,962 individual pieces of rolling stock.

References

Transport in Mozambique
Transport in Malawi
Kunigami-class patrol vessel. The  is a class of 1,000 ton-class PL type patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard (JCG).

Background 
In the 2000s, the JCG was building 1,000-ton class PLs with a high speed planing hull, such as  and es. Although these ships were excellent in security missions, they were also unsuitable for rescue missions because of their poor low-speed stability and cruising capacity.

Since the mass retirement of the  was planned in the 2010s, general-purpose ships as replacements were needed. For this purpose, construction of this class was started under the FY2009 supplement budget.

As a result of emphasis on versatility, the price soared, only two ships were built, more reasonable  was built from the following fiscal year. However, after that, additional construction was done to deploy on the Senkaku Islands in the FY2012 budgets. And construction is continuing from FY 2013 onwards, as construction costs have been reduced due to the mass production effect of this large-scale construction.

Design 
Due to the demand for multi-mission capabilities, displacement hull made of steel was adopted. Also, since low-speed stability was required, antiroll tanks was also installed in addition to fin stabilizers. The superstructure is made of aluminium alloy, but the bridge has bulletproofing structure introduced.

A helipad is set on the stern deck. Although there is no hangar, they can supply fuel and electric power to a helicopter on board.

As a main weapon, a JM61-RFS 20 mm rotary gun system with an optical director was installed on the early ships built under the FY2009 and FY2012. And more powerful Bushmaster II 30 mm chain gun system was installed on the late ships built under the FY2013 and following fiscal years.

A variant made for the Philippines is known as the Teresa Magbanua-class patrol vessel.

In service 

The 10 Kunigami class ships leading JCG's increased focus on grey-zone challenges along with 2 Hateruma-class patrol vessels has made the base at Ishigaki JCG's largest base, surpassing Yokohama. The ships of FY2012 constitutes the main force of the task force deployed around the Senkaku Islands. And the ships built under the FY2013 and following fiscal years were deployed as replacements of the Shiretoko class.

Ships in the class

See also
 List of Japan Coast Guard vessels and aircraft

References

Patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard
Patrol ship classes
Computing and Communications Museum of Ireland. The Computing and Communications Museum of Ireland was founded in 2010, and is located at the Insight Centre for Data Analytics at the DERI Building, University of Galway.

The museum curates a collection of historical computing machines and artefacts. It is also involved in education and outreach to encourage young people to consider science and engineering careers.

References

External links
 The Computing and Communications Museum of Ireland website

Buildings and structures of the University of Galway
Museums in Ireland
Bioactive terrarium. A bioactive terrarium (or vivarium) is a terrarium for housing one or more terrestrial animal species that includes live plants and populations of small invertebrates and microorganisms to consume and break down the waste products of the primary species. In a functional bioactive terrarium, the waste products will be broken down by these detritivores, reducing or eliminating the need for cage cleaning. Bioactive vivariums are used by zoos and hobbyists to house reptiles and amphibians in an aesthetically pleasing and enriched environment.

Enclosure
Any terrarium can be made bioactive by addition of the appropriate substrate, plants, and detritivores. Bioactive enclosures are often maintained as display terraria constructed of PVC, wood, glass and/or acrylic. Bioactive enclosures in laboratory "rack" style caging are uncommon.

Cleanup crew
Waste products of the primary species are consumed by a variety of detritivores, referred to as the "cleanup crew" by hobbyists.  These can include woodlice, springtails, earthworms, millipedes, and various beetles, with different species being preferred in different habitats - the cleanup crew for a tropical rainforest bioactive terrarium may rely primarily on springtails, isopods, and earthworms, while a desert habitat might use beetles.  If the primary species is insectivorous, they may consume the cleanup crew, and thus the cleanup crew must have sufficient retreats to avoid being completely depopulated.

Additionally, bioactive terraria typically have a flourishing population of bacteria and other microorganisms which break down the wastes of the cleanup crew and primary species.  Fungi may occur as part of the terrarium cycle and will be consumed by the cleanup crew.

Substrate

Bioactive enclosures require some form of substrate to grow plants and to provide habitat for the cleanup crew.  The choice of substrate is typically determined by the habitat of the primary species (e.g. jungle vs desert), and created by mixing a variety of components such as organic topsoil (free of pesticides and non-biological fertilizers), peat, coco fiber, sand, long-fiber sphagnum moss, cypress mulch, and orchid bark in varying proportions.  

In wet habitats, there is typically a drainage layer beneath the substrate to allow water to pool without saturating the substrate. The drainage layer may be constructed via coarse gravel, stones, expanded clay aggregate, or may be wholly synthetic; the drainage layer is typically separated from the overlying substrate with a fine plastic mesh.  Additionally, some bioactive terraria include leaf-litter, which can serve as food and microhabitat for the cleanup crew.

Plants
The use of live plants in a bioactive terrarium provides cover for animals inhabiting the enclosure, is aesthetically pleasing in a display enclosure, and can help to absorb nitrogenous wastes that could otherwise build up in a system. Providing a variety of plants that will grow in and be clipped back during maintenance provides hiding spots for terrarium inhabitants that change over time. This is a form of enrichment recommended for keeping reptiles.

References 
Biology
Cindy Jaynes. Cindy Louise Jaynes (born 1959) is an American retired rear-admiral. An aeronautics maintenance specialist, she managed several programs relating to US Navy aircraft.  Jaynes became the first female flag officer in Naval Air Systems Command when she was promoted to rear-admiral on 1 August 2012.  She retired from the US Navy on 1 May 2016.

Career 
Cindy Jaynes grew up in Greensburg, Pennsylvania and was awarded a bachelor of sciences degree in mathematics education  in 1979 followed by a master's degree in mathematics in 1982 from the Indiana University of Pennsylvania.  Jaynes had considered a career as an actuary or a veterinarian but was persuaded by a high school friend to join the US Navy for four years whilst she considered her future.  She attended the US Navy Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island and was commissioned in March 1983.  She was assigned as an aeronautics maintenance officer in 1985.  She served many operational tours within the United States and at Diego Garcia.    Jaynes managed programs relating to the Lockheed P-3 Orion, McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet and the Boeing EA-18G Growler.  One of her programs won the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) prize for project management.  In 1995 she completed a command and staff course at the Naval War College and was awarded a systems engineering certificate from the California Institute of Technology in 1999. Jaynes received a Master of Business Administration degree from Norwich University in 2008.

Jaynes became assistant commander for logistics and industrial operations in NAVAIR in July 2011 and was commander of its fleet readiness centres from August 2012.  She was promoted to the rank of rear admiral on 1 August 2012, becoming the first female flag officer in NAVAIR and the first female aerospace maintenance officer of that rank.

She later became executive officer of the air anti-submarine warfare, assault and special mission programs of the US Navy.  She has received the Legion of Merit three times, the Meritorious Service Medal four times as well as the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, National Defense Service Medal (with Service Star) and the Global War on Terrorism Service Medal.  Jaynes retired from the US Navy on 1 May 2016 after 33 years service.

References

External links 

1959 births
Living people
People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania
Indiana University of Pennsylvania alumni
Naval War College alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
Norwich University alumni
Female admirals of the United States Navy
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
21st-century American women
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Arrow Coax Livella Uno. The Arrow Coax Livella Uno () is a German helicopter under development by Arrow Coax Ultra Light Helicopter of Hornhausen and introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen airshow in 2015. The aircraft is intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Livella Uno was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles and the European 120 kg class ultralight aircraft rules. It features a dual coaxial main rotors, with an inverted V-tail, a single open-air pilot's seat without a windshield, tricycle landing gear and a  Wankel Aixro XH40 engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from tubing. Its two-bladed rotors have a diameter of . The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

The aircraft mounts a Galaxy Rescue System ballistic parachute in the rotor mast. It also has a small electric motor to power the rotor system from a battery in the event of an engine failure, allowing five minutes of power to land, since the low inertia rotor blades may not support autorotation.

Specifications (Livella Uno)

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

External links
Photo of the Livella Uno prototype

Livella Uno
2010s German sport aircraft
2010s German ultralight aircraft
2010s German helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Wankel-engined helicopters
Rotary-engined aircraft
Coaxial rotor helicopters
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston helicopters
McCormick Harvesting Machine Company Building. The McCormick Harvesting Machine Company Building, also known as the International Harvester Transfer House is an historic building located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States. The first railroad arrived in the city in 1867, and by 1898 there were 11 truck line railroads that terminated here. That made Council Bluffs an excellent place for the transfer and distribution of goods. Chicago based McCormick Harvesting Machine Company had this four-story brick structure built in 1894 as one of their branch houses. Those facilities acted as a dealership for the company's products. In the 1902 McCormick and four other companies merged to form International Harvester (IH). By 1922, this building became one of IH's four domestic transfer house facilities. Those facilities received large stocks of the company's products by train and distributed them to the branch houses. IH continued to use this building until 1964. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

Commercial buildings completed in 1894
Chicago school architecture in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Council Bluffs, Iowa
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Charles M. Prather Barn. The Charles M. Prather Barn, near Kingman, Kansas, was built in about 1938 by Charles M. Prather and local carpenters.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

It is  in plan.  It was built during the Depression out of materials salvaged from railroad refrigerator cars and from other railroad structures. Its interior walls and exterior siding was flooring of railroad cars.  Railroad bridge timbers support the loft floor.  Metal siding is from roofs of railroad cars.

It was deemed notable as "an excellent example of vernacular design, planned and built by its original owner and local workers. The barn's materials are unique in their ingenuity, salvaged from railroad yards in Wichita and assembled in the present location to create a one-of-a-kind structure that remains in near-original condition."

The barn has a prominent hay hood.

See also
Louis Werner Barn, also NRHP-listed in Kingman County

References

External links

Barns on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Kingman County, Kansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1938
Kingman County, Kansas
Barns with hay hoods
IDOM (company). IDOM is a multi-national corporation which provides consulting, engineering, and architecture services in Spain and internationally.

From 1957 to the present day, IDOM has gradually developed into a multidisciplinary group in which more than 3,000 people work, distributed in 34 offices located in seventeen countries and five continents, having served more than 12,000 clients and carrying out 30,000 projects in 123 countries.

History 
IDOM (from the Spanish: Ingeniería y Dirección de Obras y Montaje) was founded in 1957 by Rafael Escolá (1919-1995), with the help of another young engineer, Luis Olaortúa (1932-2003).

References

External links 
 Official Website
 IDOM on archilovers
 IDOM on Architect Magazine

Organisations based in Bilbao
Basque companies
Spanish companies established in 1957
Design companies established in 1957
Architecture firms of Spain
MAR-290. The MAR-290 is an Israeli  single-stage ground-to-ground multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) which was manufactured by Israel Military Industries (IMI) and introduced in 1973. 

The rocket was based on the Soviet-made  BM-24 MLRS. It has a maximum range of  and was capable of firing two types of rockets, a high-explosive type named "Eivri", or a cluster type named "Chaviv". 

The original launcher was based on an M4 Sherman chassis which was updated by IMI with a new Cummins VT-8-460 diesel engine. Another prototype of a Centurion-based MAR-290  named "Eshel Ha-Yarden" was created while another prototype launcher, based on an M548, was also tested by the Israeli Defence Force.

Gallery

See also 
LAR-160
ACCULAR
T-122 Sakarya
Fajr-5
TOROS
Falaq-2
EXTRA
Predator Hawk
BM-27 Uragan
BM-30 Smerch

References

Rocket artillery
Multiple rocket launchers of Israel