omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
COCOA (digital humanities). COCOA (an acronym derived from COunt and COncordance Generation on Atlas) was an early text file utility and associated file format for digital humanities, then known as humanities computing. It was approximately 4000 punched cards of FORTRAN and created in the late 1960s and early 1970s at University College London and the Atlas Computer Laboratory in Harwell, Oxfordshire. Functionality included word-counting and concordance building.

Oxford Concordance Program 

The Oxford Concordance Program format was a direct descendant of COCOA developed at Oxford University Computing Services. The Oxford Text Archive holds items in this format.

Later developments 

The COCOA file format bears at least a passing similarity to the later markup languages such as SGML and XML. A noticeable difference with its successors is that COCOA tags are flat and not tree structured. In that format, every information type and value encoded by a tag should be considered true until the same tag changes its value. Members of the Text Encoding Initiative community maintain legacy support for COCOA, although most in-demand texts and corpora have already been migrated to more widely understood formats such as TEI XML.

References 

Digital humanities
Computer file formats
History of software
Markup languages
Fortran software
Old Mill, Manchester. Old Mill, completed in 1798 as part of Murrays' Mills, is the oldest surviving cotton mill in Manchester, England. Sited on the Rochdale Canal in Ancoats, it was powered by a Boulton and Watt steam engine, and its narrow six-storey brick structure "came to typify the Manchester cotton mill". Old Mill was designated a Grade II* listed building on 19 June 1988.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Textile mills in Manchester
Cotton mills in Greater Manchester
Former textile mills in the United Kingdom
Grade II* listed buildings in Manchester
Grade II* listed industrial buildings
Strategic Training Route Complex. The Strategic Training Route Complex is a series of training routes operated by the United States Strategic Command where bomber aircraft are able to train using tactics for low-level flight. During the Cold War, fourteen routes were operated by the 99th Strategic Weapons Wing. Range control was provided by the 25th Strategic Training Squadron (now known as the 25th Space Range Squadron). The current routes are located in Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. One downside to the routes being out west, is that it made it prohibitive for units in the Eastern United States to travel west without expending flight hours.

See also
 99th Tactics and Training Wing
 25th Space Range Squadron

References

United States Air Force military education and training
Installations of the United States Air Force in Montana
Installations of the United States Air Force in North Dakota
Military installations in South Dakota
Installations of the United States Air Force in Wyoming
Zamil Steel. Zamil Steel (Zamil Steel Holding Company) is a manufacturing and fabrication group that provides products, engineering systems and services for the construction industry. The company's headquarters is in Saudi Arabia. The company expanded its operations with the establishment of new factories in Egypt, India, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam.

History
Founded in 1930 by Abdullah Al Hamad Al Zamil, presently known as Zamil Group Holding, established a joint venture with Soule Steel of USA, begins production and becomes the first company to manufacture PEB (Pre-engineered building) in Saudi Arabia.

Zamil Steel Holding is owned by Zamil Industrial Investment Co. (Zamil Industrial), a Saudi Joint Stock company formed in 1998, and is listed in Tadawul (Saudi Stock Exchange).

Achievements and awards
2012 – Environmental Performance Certificate.
2003 – Golden Dragon Prize

See also 
Nomenclature of PEB (Pre-engineered building).
List of companies of Saudi Arabia
Metal Building Manufacturers Association

References

External links

Manufacturing companies established in 1977
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1977
Steel companies of Saudi Arabia
Companies based in Dammam
Holding companies established in 1977
Saudi Arabian companies established in 1977
Francis Whishaw. Francis Whishaw (13 July 1804 – October 1856) was an English civil engineer. He was known for his role in the Society of Arts, and as a writer on railways. Later in life he was a promoter of telegraph companies.

Life
Francis Whishaw was born 13 July 1804, the son of John Whishaw, a solicitor. He was articled to James Walker, and found work as a surveyor. He made a survey for a proposed railway line in Cornwall, in 1831, with Richard Thomas. He worked under George Stephenson on the Manchester and Leeds Railway for the second survey of 1835, with George Parker Bidder.

In the late 1830s Whishaw was promoting his version of the hydraulic telegraph. In 1839 the Institution of Civil Engineers awarded him a silver Telford medal for his History report on Westminster Bridge; it was a manuscript, of which an abstract was published in the Proceedings of the institute.

Whishaw was recruited by Thomas Webster as the first professional secretary for the Society of Arts, from 1843 to 1845. A small exhibition set up in the Society's rooms in 1844 has been regarded as the starting point for the 1851 Great Exhibition. Possible inspirations were local British trade fairs, the French Industrial Exposition of 1844, and a Zollverein exhibition also in that year. Whishaw's exhibition, which was at his own expense, was planned to be an annual event, but was not, however, a great success. It did prompt W. F. Cooke to push for a national exhibition in 1845. Over some indifference from Prince Albert, president of the Society, Whishaw pulled together a committee including Wentworth Dilke, Francis Fuller, and Robert Stephenson. A second exhibition of 1845 with an enlarged committee was also largely disregarded by manufacturers and the public. In 1847 a more substantial exhibition was held.

Whishaw's March 1845 demonstration of gutta percha to the Society of Arts is credited with stimulating William Siemens to use it for the insulation of cables, based on suggestions of Michael Faraday. His own inventions included the velocentimeter, a watch for timing railway trains, and a gutta percha speaking trumpet, the "telakouphanon", proposed to the British Association.

Whishaw gave an account of the electric telegraph in the London Artisan in 1849. He was one of those exhibiting gutta percha products at the Great Exhibition in 1851, with a dozen other inventions.

In the years before his death Whishaw had suffered from reduced health, and had complained of pains in the head, and experience occasional brief memory loss. In October 1856 Francis Whishaw was found late evening by a policeman in a partially conscious state, sometime after leaving his residence to attend church in Kentish Town. He was taken to a doctor, and then to the a workhouse infirmary, where he died.  The post mortem gave a verdict of natural apoplexy.

Works

Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1804 births
1856 deaths
English civil engineers
English writers
Ramgarh Test Range. Ramgarh Test Range is an out-door testing and evaluating facility of Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL).

It is spread over an area of 5500 acre of land and is located at village Ramgarh, District Panchkula, Haryana, 22 km away from Chandigarh.
Ramgarh Test Range is divided into a number of technical zones/trial areas. Each zone takes up specific types of firing trials.
Zones have been so designed and spaced as to allow the conduct of experimental trials independent of each other. 
The facilities established at this range provide high-speed photography, flash radiography, blast and pressure parameters, lethality and fragmentation studies, impact phenomenon studies, etc.

The salient facilities at the Ramgarh test range include:
 Rail Track Rocket Sled (3800 mtrs) .
 Baffle Range for Small Arms.
 Underwater Shock Pressure Tank.

See also
 Pashan Test Range
 Chitradurga Aeronautical Test Range

References

Ministry of Defence (India)
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Military installations of India
Panchkula district
Weapons test sites
Fokker T.II. The Fokker T.II or T.2 (Not to be confused with the Fokker T-2) was a single engine floatplane designed in the Netherlands in the early 1920s as a torpedo bomber.  Three were bought by the US Navy who tested them against other aircraft from the US and the UK.  The T.IIs did not win further production orders but remained in service for several years.

Design and development

Fokker's T-designation included both bombers and torpedo bombers; the T.II was the first of this series, as the T.I was an unbuilt project.  Three were ordered by the US Navy early in 1921 and completed towards the end of that year.  Air power enthusiast General Billy Mitchell visited the Fokker works at Veere in early 1922.  General Clayton Bissell, traveling with him, was encouraged by Fokker to fly the T.II.  He reported it unresponsive to the controls; Fokker responded by having about a meter of the rear fuselage cut out and the structure re-welded, which cured the problem.  The three T.IIs were delivered to the US later in 1922, where they were given the designation FT-1 (Fokker torpedo).

The T.II was a cantilever low wing monoplane with straight tapered, square tipped wings. Overhung ailerons were used.  The fuselage was flat topped and sided and deep from tail to nose, where a 400 hp (300 kW) Liberty 12A water-cooled V-12 engine drove a two blade propeller.  The two crew sat in tandem, separate, open round cockpits over the wing. The tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage; together, it and the elevators were, like the wings, straight tapered in plan and square tipped.  The fin and rudder were quite short but the latter extended to the deep keel.  The T.II's twin float undercarriage was about 70% of the aircraft's length, projecting well forward of the nose. The floats were mounted on the fuselage by N-struts, two pairs, with diagonal transverse bracing between them, on each float. There were no transverse interfloat struts, as required by the torpedo dropping role.

The T.II's defensive armament was a single machine gun in the rear cockpit.  Its offensive torpedo was mounted externally on the fuselage between the floats.

Operational history
The US Navy conducted comparative tests of several types at their Anacostia base. The competitors in addition to the Fokker were the US Curtiss CT-1, Douglas DT-1, Stout ST-1 and the UK Blackburn Swift F. The Douglas machine won the production order and the Fokkers went into service at the Naval Air Station, Hampton Roads, remaining there until about 1926.

Variants
T.II Company designation of the torpedo bomber evaluated by the US Navy as the Fokker FT
FT-1 The US Navy's designation for the T.II as delivered. 
FT-2 The third aircraft modified by the US Navy.

Operators

US Navy

Specifications

References

Floatplanes
T.II
1920s Dutch military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Thomas Webster (lawyer). Thomas Webster (1810–1875) was an English barrister, known for his involvement in patent legislation, and for committee work leading up to The Great Exhibition.

Life
He was born on 16 October 1810, the eldest son of Thomas Webster, vicar of Oakington, Cambridgeshire. From Charterhouse School he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. as fourteenth wrangler in 1832, proceeding M.A. in 1835.

In 1837 Webster became secretary to the Institution of Civil Engineers. In 1839 he resigned the post, but remained honorary secretary till 1841. In that year he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and joined the northern circuit.

Webster built up a practice in scientific cases, and was recognised as an authority on patent law.  He played a major part in the reforming Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852. He had also a parliamentary practice. He was one of the counsel engaged for Birkenhead in the contests over the Liverpool and Mersey docks.

Webster was on the governing body of the Society of Arts, a significant member of the reforming group in the Society of the mid-1840s; others were George Bailey, John Bethell, John Scott Russell, Edward Speer, William Tooke, and Joseph Woods. He was in the chair at the meeting of the society in 1845 when the first proposal was made for holding the International Exhibition of 1851, and was a member of initial committee appointed to organise it.

Webster was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1847, and in 1865 he was appointed Queen's Counsel. He died in London on 3 June 1875.

Works
Webster's Reports and Notes of Cases on Letters Patent for Inventions (1844) became a standard textbook. In 1848 he published a handbook The Ports and Docks of Birkenhead. In 1853 and 1857 he republished the reports of the acting committee of the conservators of the Mersey.

Family
Webster married twice. Firstly, in 1839, he married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Richard Calthrop of Swineshead Abbey, Lincolnshire. His second wife was Mary Frances, daughter of Joseph Collier Cookworthy (of Plymouth), and sister of Joseph Cookworthy, a member of parliament in Western Australia. By his first wife he had three sons, the second being Richard Everard Webster, and two daughters; by his second wife he had one son and one daughter.

Notes

Attribution

1810 births
1875 deaths
English barristers
Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Members of Lincoln's Inn
People from Oakington
19th-century English lawyers
Committee members of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
Bhopal Bus Rapid Transit System. Bhopal BRTS was a bus rapid transit system in Bhopal, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The construction was funded by the Central Government under its flagship JnNURM. Unlike most of BRT projects in India which are designed to cater the transportation needs of suburban parts of the city, Bhopal BRTS is designed mainly to serve the Central business districts (CBDs). It was launched with a fleet of just 30 buses in 2006, after receiving JnNURM Sanction, and has grown to 225 buses comprising AC and Non AC Low Floor Buses.

On 26 December 2023, following a meeting at the state secretariat, the Government of Madhya Pradesh led by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav made the decision to discontinue the BRTS project. The reason cited for the decision was the traffic problems arising due to the corridor. In its place, a central road divider was planned to be erected to separate the traffic between the two lanes. The process of dismantling the corridor began on 20 January 2024.

Routes

Route Classification 
The routes under this project have been classified into the following four categories:

 Trunk Routes:
Connect major activity centers by Bus Rapid Transit System. Farthest Activity center should be accessible within 45 minutes
of journey time.

 Standard Routes:
Connect major origin & destination pairs of the city. These are replacement of Mini bus routes.

 Complimentary Routes:
These are complementary to Trunk and standard routes. Routes covering less dense Public transit demand corridors.

 Intermediate Para Transit (IPT) Routes:
These are feeder service to all above mentioned routes, mainly catering intra-zonal trips.

Route List

Bus Stops 
80 Bus Stops are being built along the 24 km long corridor. Ramp-building for most of the Stops is underway and Bhopal Municipal Corporation is likely to complete the work by June, 2013. Also, one part of corridor, which runs through Misrod to RRL may start working by 31 March 2013. A trial run was conducted earlier and minor difficulties have been sorted out. These Bus-Stops will have Display-Boards with the information of incoming Buses and siting arrangements will be made for the passengers. A 2-door system will help safe ride for the passengers, where one door will open only when the Bus arrives and another door will open only if the person carries a valid ticket. The stops are being built on PPP, where the contractor will be responsible for maintenance of the Stops and in-turn will have to right to put up advertisements and earn revenue.

"Chalo" Android App 
There is full featured Android App available in Play Store for the information related to Bhopal Brts by the name Chalo. Developer of the app  already worked on the Windows version of the app and this is  available for Windows Phone and Windows 10 devices .

Problems
 The construction of the corridors is creating traffic woes at various locations.
 Commuters are found riding on the already built 'bus-only' lanes, and police fear that this situation will continue even after the project is completed.

References

Transport in Bhopal
Bus rapid transit in India
2006 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Air Creation Fun. The Air Creation Fun is a series of French single-surface ultralight trike wings, designed and produced by Air Création of Aubenas. The wing is widely used on Air Creation trikes as well as by other ultralight aircraft manufacturers.

Design and development
The series are cable-braced, king post-equipped hang glider-style wings designed as docile beginner and flight training wings for single and two-place trikes. They come in two sizes, the Fun 450, named for its gross weight in kilograms and the Fun 14, named for its metric wing area.

The wings are made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Trilam Dacron sailcloth, with a Mylar leading edge. The wing's crosstube is exposed and is of a floating design. The Fun 14 has a  span, an aspect ratio of 7.4:1 and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The double surface portion is 40% and the wing folds using an "umbrella" system.

Variants
Fun 14
Wing designed for single-place trikes, with an area of .
Fun 450
Wing designed for two-place trikes, with a maximum gross weight of  and an area of .
iFun 13
Second generation trike wing, designed for the Air Creation Pixel trike.
iFun 16
Second generation trike wing, designed for the Air Creation Skypper trike. Replaces the Fun 450 in the line.

Applications
Air Creation Racer, single-place
Air Creation Pixel
Air Creation Skypper
Air Creation Trek, two-place
Air Creation Twin

Specifications (Fun 14)

References

External links
Official website for the Fun 14
Official website for the Fun 450

Ultralight trike wings
Melvin Earl Maron. Melvin Earl "Bill" Maron (Jan 23, 1924 - September 28, 2016) was an American computer scientist and emeritis professor of University of California, Berkeley. He studied mechanical engineering and physics at the University of Nebraska and received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of California in 1951. Maron is best known for his work on probabilistic information retrieval which he published together with his friend and colleague Lary Kuhns.
Quite remarkably, Maron also pioneered relational databases, proposing a system called the Relational Data File in 1967, on which Ted Codd based his Relational model of data.

References

University of California, Berkeley School of Information faculty
American computer scientists
1924 births
2016 deaths
University of Nebraska alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Chern Jenn-chuan. Chern Jenn-chuan (; born 28 July 1954) is a Taiwanese politician and civil engineer.  He is a Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering at National Taiwan University. He currently serves as the CEO of the Tang Prize Foundation, which is responsible for the planning and development of events associated with the Tang Prize.  Chern has served in several important roles in the cabinet of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China, Taiwan, such as Minister without Portfolio and Minister of the Public Construction Commission of the Executive Yuan . He was responsible for the promotion of sustainable public infrastructure, taking into consideration the needs of the environment, ecology, and disaster prevention.

Education 
Chern received his B.S. and master's degree from the civil engineering department of National Taiwan University and Rice University respectively, and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from Northwestern University in 1984. His interests include concrete materials & mechanics research, infrastructural development and management, hazard mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction etc.

Awards, honors and activities 
Chern is the recipient of many awards, including the Significant Contribution to 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake Reconstruction Award from the 921 Post-Disaster Recovery Commission of Cabinet: the 921 Earthquake New Campus Movement Contribution Award from the Ministry of Education. 

In 2008, he received the International Contribution Award from the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE).  Chern also received the ACECC Civil Engineering Achievement Award in 2010 for his lifetime devotion and contributions to the world. In 2015, he received the Engineering Medal, the highest honor, from the Chinese Institute of Engineers (Taiwan). 

In addition,  Chern plays an active role both locally and internationally on civil engineering and concrete societies. He is the past Chair of the Executive Committee of Asian Civil Engineering Coordinating Council (ACECC), past president of the International Society for Social Management Systems (SSMS), and the vice president of the Asian Concrete Federation (ACF). He was the past president of the Chinese Institute of Engineers (CIE), a leading engineering organization in Taiwan, and has served two terms as the president of the Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (CICHE) and is the founder and the first president of the Taiwan Concrete Institute (TCI).  Chern is a fellow of American Concrete Institute (ACI), an vice-president and academician of the International Academy of Engineering (IAE) and foreign academician of the Russia Academy of Engineering (RAE). He is also a fellow and honorary member of CIE and CICHE, honorary member of Mongolian Association of Civil Engineers, honorary member both of Chinese Society of Structural Engineering (CSSE) and Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Alumni Association in Taiwan.

1954 births
Living people
Rice University alumni
Political office-holders in the Republic of China on Taiwan
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Kinmen County
Yan Jeou-rong. Yan Jeou-rong () is a Taiwanese politician. He was the acting Minister of the Public Construction Commission of the Executive Yuan in August–October 2013.

Education
Yan obtained his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Chung Yuan Christian University and master's degree in structural engineering and construction from the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand.

References

Political office-holders in the Republic of China on Taiwan
Living people
Chung Yuan Christian University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hindustan Aircraft G-1. 

The Hindustan Aircraft G-1 was a Second World War Indian transport glider, the first design of Hindustan Aircraft Limited, only one glider was built.

Design and development
The G-1 was designed in 1941 and 1942 and was a ten-seat semi-monocoque wooden glider. The fuselage was covered with 2-ply molded plywood with the rudder and elevators fabric covered. The single-spar cantilever wing had spoilers on the upper surface. The cockpit had dual controls for a pilot and co-pilot in tandem and the enclosure had framed transparent plastic panels for increased visibility, the cockpit enclosure could be removed to allow access and was jettisonable in an emergency. The rear fuselage had room for eight passengers with a large door on the right-hand side, the plastic windows in the fuselage had gun ports to allow the troops to fire rifles during the flight. One prototype was built with parts produced for a further ten gliders, only the prototype flew and the other ten were not assembled.

Specifications

See also

References

Note

Bibliography

Indian military aircraft
G2
1940s military gliders
Aircraft first flown in 1942
High-wing aircraft