omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
David Anderson (engineer). Sir David Anderson (6 July 1880–27 March 1953) was a Scottish civil engineer and lawyer.

Anderson was born in 1880 at Leven, Fife, Scotland. In 1921, on his return from Army service, Anderson joined a partnership with fellow engineers Basil Mott and David Hay, forming the company Mott Hay and Anderson. Mott, Hay and Anderson traded until 1989, when it merged with Sir M MacDonald & Partners to form Mott MacDonald.

Anderson was elected president of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the November 1943 to November 1944 session. He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1951.

References 

        
        
        
        
        
        

1880 births
1953 deaths
People from Leven, Fife
People educated at the High School of Dundee
Scottish civil engineers
Scottish lawyers
Scottish company founders
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
20th-century Scottish engineers
Keleher Lark. 

The Keleher JK-1 Lark is a single-seat aerobatic sport aircraft that was designed in the United States in the early 1960s and later marketed for homebuilding. It is a conventional, mid-wing, strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The fuselage and empennage are of welded steel tube construction, skinned in fabric. The wings are wooden and also covered in fabric. The design was revised in 1963, with the new version designated Lark 1B. Plans for this version were offered for sale from 1968 and were still on sale into the 1980s. An example of the 1B won the "Outstanding Workmanship" award for L. C. Koetkemeyer at the 1968 EAA Fly-in.

As of 2008, six remained registered in the United States.

Specifications

References

 
 
 

1960s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Anna Patterson. Anna Patterson is a software engineer and a contributor to search engines.

Education 
Patterson received her B.S. in Computer Science and another in Electrical Engineering from McKelvey School of Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis and her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and was a Research Scientist at Stanford University in artificial intelligence working with John McCarthy on Phenomenal Data Mining and Carolyn Talcott on theorem provers.

Career 
As of 2017 she was Founder and Managing Partner at Gradient Ventures and Vice President of Engineering at Google. While she was working in Google's Android organization, Patterson was responsible for a division of Google Play including Books and Search, Recommendations and Infrastructure for scaling up Android from 40 million phones to over 800 million phones.

She co-founded Cuil, a search engine (which she created after leaving Google in 2007) and wrote Recall.archive.org (part of the Wayback Machine), a history-based search engine out of the Internet Archive, which showed trends over time.

Awards and honors 
Patterson was a winner of the 2016 ABIE Award. She also served on the board of Square Inc. She was previously a trustee at Harvey Mudd College and a trustee at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute  and on the National Engineering Council at Washington University in St. Louis.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Google employees
McKelvey School of Engineering alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Washington University in St. Louis trustees
NAC Fieldmaster. The NAC Fieldmaster was a British agricultural aircraft of the 1980s. A turboprop powered single-engined monoplane, it was built in small numbers and used both as a cropsprayer and a firefighting aircraft.

Development and design
NDN Aircraft was set up in 1976 by Desmond Norman to build the Firecracker trainer. Norman had been a founder of the Britten-Norman company, the manufacturers of the Islander. NDN Aircraft designed a new agricultural aircraft, the NDN-6 Fieldmaster. This was a large single-engined low-winged monoplane with a fixed tricycle undercarriage, powered by a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 turboprop engine, the first western-built agricultural aircraft to be designed for turboprop power. Novel features included an integral hopper made of Titanium to carry its chemical payload, which was dispersed via spray nozzles built into the flaps under the aircraft's wings.

The first prototype flew on 17 December 1981 at NDN's airfield at Sandown, Isle of Wight. TNDN moved the premises to Cardiff, Wales in 1985, renaming itself the Norman Aeroplane Company (NAC).  Production finally started in 1987. It was intended that parts would be produced by UTVA in Pančevo, Yugoslavia (now in Serbia) to be assembled in Cardiff.

NAC went into receivership in 1988, after the production of six Fieldmasters, including the prototype. Brooklands Aerospace attempted to continue production, rebuilding one of the Fieldmasters with a more powerful engine as a specialised firefighting aircraft as the Firemaster 65, but these attempts were stopped by the outbreak of civil war in Yugoslavia.

A final attempt at production was made by the Turkish Aeronautical Association (Türk Hava Kurumu – THK) who started licensed production in 1997. This ended in 1999 after completion of two complete aircraft and a further two airframes lacking engines.

Variants
NDN-6 FieldmasterThe initial designation for the prototype; one built.
NAC Fieldmaster Designation of production aircraft after the formation of the Norman Aeroplane Company (NAC); five built.
Brooklands Aerospace Firemaster 65A rebuilt Fieldmaster with more powerful engine and firefighting equipment; one conversion.
THK-TAYSU Production in Turkey by Türk Hava Kurumu (THK); four built

Specifications (NAC 6)

See also

References

Further reading

External links

1980s British agricultural aircraft
Fieldmaster
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1981
Fieldmaster
Warrior Run Generating Station. Warrior Run Generating Station, owned by the AES Corporation, was a 205 megawatt cogeneration plant located south of Cumberland, Maryland, United States, at 11600 Mexico Farms Road. In addition to electric power, the plant also produced food-grade carbon dioxide.

Design and operation
The plant used fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology, in which bituminous coal and finely ground limestone are injected, using air, into the boiler. Air keeps the limestone and coal suspended in a fluid-like condition. The limestone reacts with sulfur dioxide, released during combustion of the coal, removing this pollutant from the plant's emissions. With the enhanced sulfur dioxide removal due to the FBC technology, Warrior Run burned approximately  of coal from Maryland each year, which tends to be of a higher sulfur content. During 2007, 100 percent of the coal burned at Warrior Run was mined in Maryland.

The FBC boiler operated at a lower temperature compared to other coal-fired boiler technology, reducing production of nitrogen oxides. Injection of ammonia and a selective non-catalytic reduction system were also used to remove nitrogen oxides. A baghouse removed particulates from the plant's air emissions.

Water used by the plant was supplied by the City of Cumberland water system. Fly and bottom ash from Warrior Run, which is highly alkaline due to the limestone used by the FBC boiler, was used as fill at four nearby surface coal mines. The plant produces about  of ash each year.

Warrior Run surcharge
Warrior Run became operational on February 10, 2000. As provided by the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, the local utility, the Potomac Edison Company, which is a unit of FirstEnergy, is required to purchase the electric output of Warrior Run at its "avoided cost" rate under a contract for thirty years. However, this "avoided cost" rate, which was determined at the time of the contract, is higher than the current wholesale price of electricity, so Potomac Edison recovers the difference in this price through a surcharge on the bills of its customers. This surcharge will end in April 2030. In 2007 the Maryland Public Service Commission approved a plan permitting the Warrior Run electric output to be sold into the PJM Interconnection day-ahead wholesale market and the capacity bid into the PJM forward capacity market, with the proceeds used to reduce the surcharge.

Retirement 
In 2023, AES Corporation announced its intent to retire this coal plan in June 2024  This is seen as boost to Maryland's 2007 joining of Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

See also

List of power stations in Maryland

References

External links
Photograph of AES Warrior Run generator

Energy infrastructure completed in 2000
Buildings and structures in Allegany County, Maryland
Coal-fired power stations in Maryland
Cogeneration power stations in the United States
Ohio State University College of Engineering. The Ohio State University College of Engineering, including the Knowlton School is the academic unit that manages engineering research and education at Ohio State University. The college can trace its origins to 1870 when the Ohio General Assembly chartered the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. In 1878, the institution's name changed to The Ohio State University.

Ohio State's graduate and undergraduate engineering programs are both ranked No. 1 among all Ohio universities and 15th and 16th, respectively, in the nation among public universities according to U.S. News & World Report. In 2022, The College of Engineering ranked 10th in the country for earned doctorates, and 24th in the country for Research Expenditures according to the National Science Foundation. Ohio State also ranks 6th in the nation among public universities in private support, which was nearly $576 million for fiscal year 2021, when College of Engineering and Knowlton School private support exceeded $138 million.

Academics

Engineering and architecture students can choose from academic programs in these departments:

 Biomedical Engineering
 Center for Aviation Studies
 Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
 Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering
 Computer Science and Engineering
 Electrical and Computer Engineering
 Engineering Education
 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering
 Integrated Systems Engineering
 Knowlton School
 Materials Science and Engineering
 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

In 2022, Ohio State's six-year graduation rate was 88.1%, up from 79.7% in 2011 (national graduation rate 63%).

Engineering and architecture degrees awarded (2021-2022):

 bachelor's: 1,862
 master's: 363
 doctorate: 190

Research
The College of Engineering is creating new discoveries across a broad range of applications and scientific disciplines. In fiscal year 2021, this research was supported by nearly $134 million in externally sponsored research expenditures. Industry R&D expenditures for the College of Engineering in fiscal year 2021 totaled nearly $34.4 million.

More than 40 research centers and laboratories provide students with access to facilities for research and teaching.

Faculty 

418 engineering and architecture faculty members
13 National Academy of Engineering members

Student organizations and activities
The number of undergraduate engineers and architects has grown steadily, from approximately 5,000 in 2006 to 8,862 in 2022. Engineering undergraduate student enrollment is 11.8% underrepresented minority, 22.7% female and 6.6% international. Knowlton School undergraduate student enrollment is 21.2% underrepresented minority, 51.7% female and 4.2% international.

Alumni
Worldwide there are 62,460 known, living engineering alumni and 8,838 known, living architecture alumni.

Notes or references

Engineering schools and colleges in the United States
Engineering universities and colleges in Ohio
Engineering, College of
1895 establishments in Ohio
Automated sales suppression device. An automated sales suppression device or zapper is a software program that falsifies the electronic records of point of sale (POS) systems for the purpose of tax evasion.

Function
Most jurisdictions levy a sales tax or a value added tax on commercial transactions such as sales in stores or food served in a restaurant. These transactions are now most often recorded by a POS system rather than a mechanical cash register. The POS system records are generally not alterable by the operator and are used as the basis of tax assessments and audits by tax authorities.

Because POS systems are increasingly designed as general purpose computers (as of 2008, 85% worldwide were reported to run Microsoft Windows), arbitrary software can be run on them. A "zapper" is a software program, often run untraceable from a USB flash drive, that accesses the POS system records and allows the owner of a business to alter the records so as to make it credibly appear that fewer transactions have occurred than has actually been the case. This reduces the tax burden on the business, which is generally proportional to the volume of the transactions.

Government responses
The use of zappers is illegal and may be subject to criminal penalties. However, according to a 2008 The New York Times report, governments worldwide have yet to find effective means of preventing their use. A European Union committee on cash register fraud has been established, and legislation mandating tamper-proof POS systems has been proposed in Germany in 2008 (INSIKA) and introduced in Quebec, Canada, on September 1, 2010.

In Canada, legislation aimed at suppressing zappers is in effect since 1 January 2014. A first offence will lead to a $5,000 fine, and subsequent infractions to a $50,000 fine. Persons in possession of zappers could be fined up to $50,000, and developers or sellers up to $100,000.

In Australia, activities involving electronic sales suppression tools that relate to people or businesses that have Australian tax obligations are banned since 4 October 2018, and subject to criminal and administrative penalties.

In Russia, the electronic secure memory device (EKLZ) was made mandatory to be part of any cash register. Then, new online cash registers use a combination of the special secure fiscal storage and the immediate transmission of the data to the tax service. These measures make it impossible to remove the data from the memory of the cash register.

In 2021, the state of Massachusetts drafted provisions into their budget establishing penalties for the use of selling, purchasing, installing, or possessing zappers. Selling (or offering for sale) zappers will incur a fine of up to $25,000 for the first offense and up to $50,000 for subsequent offenses; purchasing, installing, or possessing a zapper will incur a first-time fine of up to $10,000, and up to $25,000 for subsequent offenses.

References

External links 
Electronic Sales Suppression: A threat to tax revenues, OECD

Retail point of sale systems
Tax evasion
Kochelsee Railway. The Kochelsee Railway (, literally "Lake Kochel Railway") is a branch line in Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern), Germany, that is just under 36 km long, single-tracked and fully electrified. It is operated by the Deutsche Bahn AG as route 961 in their  List of German scheduled railway routes. The Kochelseebahn branches in Tutzing from the Munich Hauptbahnhof–Garmisch-Partenkirchen main line and runs from there via Penzberg to Kochel am See by the Kochelsee that gives the line its name.

The section from Tutzing to Bichl is classed as a main line, the remainder as a branch line. The route was electrified on  4 March 1925 and is currently (2006) worked by electric multiples of the DBAG Class 425/426.

Apart from a few exceptions in the morning commuter services the trains run hourly, with a crossing in Bichl shortly before the half-hour and good connections in Tutzing in both directions. The commuter services run straight through to and from Munich Hauptbahnhof (main station), the crossing then usually takes place in Seeshaupt due to the change in frequency.

Stations 
In a north-to-south order the line services stops in the following municipalities:

 Munich - Main station, northern terminus during "rush hours" (commuter traffic)
  Munich - Pasing
 Starnberg
These former three will be serviced during commuter traffic only. Such trains, headed northward to Munich may often be coupled with services reaching Tutzing via a more western line, servicing destinations as far south as Innsbruck (in Tyrol, Austria), Mittenwald or Garmisch. On their way down south towards Kochel they may be coupled off of such services.
Otherwise, services start / terminate in Tutzing.

 Tutzing, northern terminus during the rest of the day and in the evenings
 Bernried
 Seeshaupt
 Iffeldorf, formerly "Staltach", after a stud near the station building
 Penzberg
 Bichl
 Benediktbeuern
 Kochel am See, southern terminus

References

External links 
 
 Kochelseebahn

Branch lines in Bavaria
Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia. The Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia (MEAG Power) is an organization that provides electricity generation and power transmission to municipal electric utilities in the U.S. State of Georgia. MEAG is a nonprofit entity established in 1975, and 49 member communities distribute power produced by MEAG or procured on wholesale markets.

It owns 17.7% of Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Power Plant and 22.7% of Vogtle Electric Generating Plant; 15.1% of the coal-fired Plant Scherer; and one combined-cycle gas-fired unit of Hal B. Wansley Power Plant. It also provides transmission of hydropower from dams operated by the Southeastern Power Administration. 

The Integrated Transmission System includes 17,800 miles of transmission lines across Georgia, and is jointly owned by MEAG, Georgia Transmission Corporation, Dalton Utilities and Georgia Power. In 2022, MEAG joined the Southeast Energy Exchange Market, which facilitates energy trading across the region.

It delivers approximately 11 million megawatt-hours to its participating utilities annually.

References

External links

Electric power companies of the United States
Companies based in Atlanta
Energy infrastructure in Georgia (U.S. state)
1975 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Nuclear power companies of the United States
Energy companies established in 1975
Energy in Georgia (U.S. state)
Coal slurry. Coal slurry is a mixture of solids (mined coal or coal waste) and liquids (water or organic) produced by a coal preparation plant.

Preparation 

To transform the coal ash into a slurry, coal is separated from non-combustible components and can be fractionated by particle size as well. Coal slurry can be transferred by pipeline or with specialized pumps such as a progressive cavity pump to pump the highly abrasive, corrosive and viscous coal slurry. More than 7 billion tons of coal are mined per year (2010), using approximately 200 litres of water per ton. However, the amount of water required hinges on the surface characteristics of the coal being used. Most coal slurries require the addition of a surfactant to reduce the viscosity, ergo reduce the stress on pipelines and pumps.

Recent studies have employed new methods of slurry preparation, like using ultrasonic irradiation and a mixture of natural and synthetic surfactants to improve the stability and rheological properties of coal slurry.

Environmental concerns

Ideally, coal slurry consists only of crushed coal and water, which can be efficiently separated.  In practice, the separation is significantly costly due to the large amounts of water needed and wastewater generated by the process. Furthermore, the slurry consists also of very fine coal dust that results in a waste called blackwater. As blackwater cannot be purified by a water treatment plant, it is stored in large impoundment ponds. Such ponds are susceptible to disastrous releases, such as the Buffalo Creek flood of 1972 or the Martin County coal slurry spill of 2000, which released over 250 million gallons of coal slurry. Coal slurry can contain hazardous chemicals such as arsenic and mercury and can kill aquatic wildlife, as was the case in the Martin County spill. This impounded liquid waste can sometimes total billions of gallons in a single facility.

The scope of coal slurry applications 
To date, coal slurry fuels are recognised to have low energy density and therefore can only be successfully combusted in high compression engines such as diesel or gas turbine power plants (large engines with low energy density requirements). Other engine systems include slow speed diesel engines and turbines used as power plants for shipping and stationary electricity production. However, in the combustion market, for small and medium power plants ranging from  to , the utilisation of CSs will require boiler’s retrofitting.

Other applications found for these slurries are in systems such as boilers, gasifiers and stationary engines with specific requirements divided into two main areas: chemical and physical as shown in table below.

See also

Coal-water slurry fuel
Pulverized coal
Sludge (film)
Tailings dam

References

External links 

Coal mining
Waste
Environmental impact of the coal industry
Water pollution
Energy accidents and incidents
Maren (energy management system). Maren is a marine energy management system used to minimize fuel usage, thereby reducing vessel operator's fuel cost and the harmful emissions. Maren is developed by Marorka in Iceland. Maren 2 was released in Q3 in 2005 and launched at the Icelandic Fisheries Exhibition that year. Maren 2 was awarded the best new product at the exhibition.

Maren monitors the various energy systems onboard different types of vessels. It puts operating en environmental parameters in an energy management context. Maren uses simulation and optimization to deliver suggestions on how to improve the operation of the vessel to minimize fuel usage.

See also
Fuel management systems

References

External links
 

Energy conservation
Transport software
Seton Powerhouse. The Seton Powerhouse is a hydroelectric generating station on the Fraser River just below the confluence of the Seton River at the town of Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada.  The powerhouse is fed by the Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River which begins at Seton Dam, just below the foot of Seton Lake to the west.  The powerhouse is the last in sequence, and smallest, of the generating stations of BC Hydro's Bridge River Power Project, which diverts the flow of the Bridge River into Seton Lake.  The powerhouse uses only 50 feet of head between Seton Lake and the Fraser to produce a maximum generating capacity of 42 MW and an average capacity of 330 GWh per year.

References
BC Hydro information page

Hydroelectric power stations in British Columbia
Fraser River
Lillooet Country
BC Hydro
ING House. ING House is the former headquarters of ING Group at the business district Zuidas of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is nicknamed "" (Dutch for the shoe) or "" (Dutch for hand held vacuum cleaner). The postmodern design is by Amsterdam-based architects Meyer and Van Schooten (). The construction, which took place from November 1999 to September 2002, was undertaken by Heijmans.

The building is constructed like a table on 16 angled steel legs. These are independent of each other, resting on pins in large concrete blocks in the ground, a technique also found in bridge construction. On this platform the floors are built. The belly of the building on the second floor is actually at the height of the highway, as the ground is lower than the highway. From the third floor one has a view of the highway.

In 2012, the headquarters of ING Group moved to the Bijlmermeer. In 2014, ING subsidiary Nationale-Nederlanden also moved from the building. Since then, the building has been used as a multi-tenant office building under the name "Infinity".

References

External links

2002 establishments in the Netherlands
Amsterdam-Zuid
Commercial buildings completed in 2002
Buildings and structures in Amsterdam
ING Group
21st-century architecture in the Netherlands