omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BHAVINI. The Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) is a wholly owned Enterprise of Government of India under the administrative control of the Department of Atomic Energy incorporated on 22 October 2003 as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 with the objective of constructing and commissioning the first 500 MWe Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu and to pursue construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance of subsequent Fast Breeder Reactors for generation of electricity in pursuance of the schemes and programmes of Government of India under the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act,  1962.
BHAVINI is currently constructing a 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at Kalpakkam, 70 km from Chennai.

BHAVINI is administered by the Department of Atomic Energy. Once the first fast breeder reactor, called Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor goes into commercial power production, BHAVINI will be the second power utility in India after Nuclear Power Corporation of India, to use nuclear fuel sources to generate power.

See also
 Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor
 FBR-600
 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
 Nuclear Power Corporation of India
 Nuclear power in India

References

External links
BHAVINI website 

2004 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Nuclear power companies of India
Energy companies established in 2004
Companies based in Chennai
Jumper cable. Jumper cables, booster cables or jumper leads are electric cables to connect two rail or road vehicles.

Rail

Jumper cables are between the locomotive, the railroad cars and the cab car or the driving van trailer on push-pull trains for multiple-unit train control and the transmission of lower voltage electricity (head end power).

Road
Jumper cables are electrical cables between the road tractor and a semi-trailer or a full trailer or the electrical cables between an automobile and any trailer.

Jump starting

A car with a "dead" (discharged) battery can be made to start by supplying it with power from an external source, such as the battery of another car. The jump leads used to make the necessary temporary connection are also commonly called "jumper cables". These usually are equipped at the ends with alligator clips.

References

Locomotive parts
Auto parts
Henry Turner Eddy. Henry Turner Eddy (June 9, 1844 – December 11, 1921) was a United States science and engineering educator.  He was president of the University of Cincinnati and the Rose Polytechnic Institute.

Biography
Henry Turner Eddy was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts on June 9, 1844. He was educated at Yale and later took a further scientific course in Berlin and Paris. He married Sebella Elizabeth Taylor on January 4, 1870 and they had five children.

He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1877.

In 1872, Turner received the first Ph.D. awarded by Cornell University. After holding a professorship in mathematics, astronomy and civil engineering at the University of Cincinnati 1874-90, and acting as dean of the academic faculty of that institution (1874–77, 1884–89), he became its president in 1890. He was also president of the Rose Polytechnic Institute at Terre Haute, Indiana, from 1891 to 1894, when he accepted the chair of engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. He became dean of the graduate school of the University of Minnesota in 1906, and professor and dean emeritus in 1912.

He died in Minneapolis on December 11, 1921.

Works
 Analytical Geometry (1874)
 Researches in Graphical Statics (1878)
 Thermodynamics (1879)
 Neue Constructionen aus der graphischen Statik (1880)
 Maximum Stresses under Concentrated Loads (1890)
 Theory of the Flexure and Strength of Rectangular Flat Plates Applied to Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs (1913)
 Concrete-Steel Construction (1914)
He wrote numerous scientific and technical papers. In 1893 in Chicago, he read a paper Modern Graphical Developments at the International Mathematical Congress held in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition.

Notes

References
 

 

1844 births
1921 deaths
University of Cincinnati faculty
Presidents of the University of Cincinnati
Yale University alumni
Cornell University alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
People from Stoughton, Massachusetts
AeroAndina MXP-158 Embera. The AeroAndina MXP-158 Embera is a Colombian ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by AeroAndina of Cali. The aircraft was available ready-to fly.

The MXP-158 is no longer in production.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and is noted for its robust design and ability to handle rough field operations. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum sheet. Its  span wing is supported by V-struts and jury struts. The standard engine available was the  Rotax 912UL four-stroke powerplant.

Specifications (MXP-158 Embera)

References

1990s Colombian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
AeroAndina. AeroAndina S.A. is a Colombian aircraft manufacturer based in Cali. The company was founded in 1971 as Agrocopteros Ltda to produce gyroplanes and later helicopters and biplanes. In 1998 the name was changed to Tecnologias Aeronauticas S.A. and it was known as Aerotec S.A.. The company was liquidated in the early 2000s and reformed under its present name.

The company now specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft and light-sport aircraft. During its history the company has produced 440 aircraft.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Colombia
Manufacturing companies established in 1971
Colombian brands
Colombian companies established in 1971
Stay with It. Stay with It is a campaign in the United States intended to encourage and motivate engineering students to stay with the field of study and graduate with an engineer's degree.

It is a collaboration between the President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, the private sector and academia.

It officially launched on March 14, 2012, with a Day of Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and made available to a nationwide audience through a webcast on Facebook Live. The webcast opened with a message from President Barack Obama.

Major General Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, noted the occasion, saying that his message to students is simple: "Stay With It! Stay with your studies. Stay with your research.  Stay with your dreams as you prepare to take your rightful place as the next great generation of American engineers, innovators and leaders."

Congresswoman Doris Matsui addressed students after watching Only Won perform "I Wanna Be an Engineer" at the Sacramento State Stay With It event. "We need you, the country needs you – and engineering is not boring, it's fun. Engineers dream up, invent and build technologies that change the world. We will continue to lead, but a lot depends on the people who are studying engineering.  … I encourage you to Stay with it – and dream!"

See also

References

External links
 , the campaign's official website
 webcast
 message from President Barack Obama

2011 establishments in the United States
American political catchphrases
Engineering education in the United States
Presidency of Barack Obama
2012 quotations
Automation integrator. An automation integrator is a systems integrator company or individual who makes different versions of automation hardware and software work together, generally combining several subsystems to work together as one large system. 

The title may refer to those who only integrate hardware, although these will often work with software integrators. Software created by automation integrators allows devices to communicate with each other, as well as collecting and reporting data. 

The magazine Control Engineering  publishes an annual “Automation Integrator Guide” which lists over 2,000 automation integrators. They also give an annual system integrator of the year award to three automation integration firms. 

The Control System Integrators Association (CSIA) maintains a buyers' guide of over 1200 member and nonmember systems integrators known as the Industrial Automation Exchange, or CSIA Exchange for short.

Certification
The Control System Integrators Association (CSIA) certifies automation integrators, through an audit based on 79 critical criteria from the best practices manual. Companies must be associate members of the CSIA to be eligible for certification. Integrators can also receive certification through a program launched in 2012 by the Robotics Industries Association.

Industries
Automation Integrators work in a wide variety of industries which use robotics and automation. Some of the most common include:

 Automotive
 Water and Wastewater
 Manufacturing
 Packaging
 Electrical equipment
 Food and beverage
 HVAC Controls
 Oil and gas
 Chemicals
 Pharmaceuticals
 Power
 Utilities

References

External links
The International Society of Automation
Control System Integrators Association
CSIA Industrial Automation Exchange
Industrial Automation Solutions
Automation Integrator Guide

&
System integration
Signavio. Signavio is a vendor of Business Process Management (BPM) software based in Berlin and Silicon Valley. Its main product is Signavio Process Manager, a web-based business process modeling tool. The company was acquired by SAP in March 2021 for 950 million euros.

History
The company was founded by a team of alumni from Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) in Potsdam, Germany.

Prior to Signavio, the founders were involved in development of the world's first web modeler for BPMN at HPI. This technology, known as the "Oryx project", was published under an Open Source license and served as blueprint for the Signavio Process Manager.

Signavio is headquartered in Berlin, Germany. In 2012, the company was incorporated in the United States as Signavio Inc. with an office in Burlington, Massachusetts. The company is fully owned by the founders and staff.

On January 21, 2021, SAP announced that it would acquire Signavio. The acquisition was completed on March 5, 2021.

Awards
In 2011, the German Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology named Signavio "ICT startup of the Year" and selected the firm for its "German Silicon Valley Accelerator" program.

References

External links
 

Software companies of Germany
Companies based in Berlin
Diagramming software
Technical communication tools
Windows graphics-related software
Unix software
Vector graphics editors
Graphics software
Workflow applications
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Mark Smith (racing engineer). Mark Smith (born 9 March 1961) is a British former technical director of the Sauber Formula One team.

Early life
Smith grew up in Pelsall, a village about 15 miles north of Birmingham. He left school to undertake a technical apprenticeship with GKN Automotive who sponsored him to undertake a mechanical engineering degree course at the Wolverhampton Polytechnic, from which he graduated with a first-class honours degree in 1984.

Motorsport career
Having participated in motocross as a youngster, Smith subsequently developed an interest in Formula One. His first job in the motorsport industry was in 1988 at Comtec, the composites wing of March Engineering. From there he joined Reynard Racing Cars in 1989 and started working with Gary Anderson, initially on the 1990 F3000 car.

In 1990, Smith moved to the newly formed Jordan Grand Prix, where he helped to design the Jordan 191 under Anderson, taking responsibility for the gearbox design and engine installation. He stayed at Jordan for 11 years, progressing to the positions of head of mechanical design, and then joint chief designer with Mike Gascoyne. In 2000, Smith followed Gascoyne to Renault, taking the position of chief designer.

After a brief return to Jordan as it transitioned to new ownership, Smith moved to Red Bull Racing in 2005, firstly as deputy technical director and then technical director before moving to Force India as Design Director in 2007. Two years later he was promoted to technical director before moving to Caterham in 2011. He left in 2014 as the struggling team restructured its management in what would be its final season.

Smith was appointed technical director of Sauber F1 Team on 13 July 2015 but left the team a few days before the first race of the 2016 season, with Sauber announcing that he was returning to the UK for "family reasons".

Career timeline
 Chief designer – Jordan Grand Prix (1998–2001).
 Chief designer – Benetton (2001).
 Chief designer – Renault Formula One team (2002–2004).
 Technical director – Jordan Grand Prix (2004–2005).
 Deputy technical director – Red Bull Racing (2005).
 Technical director – Red Bull Racing (2005–2008).
 Design director – Force India Formula One team (2008–2010).
 Technical director – Force India Formula One team (2010–2011).
 Technical director – Team Lotus/Caterham Formula One team (2011–2014).
 Technical director – Sauber Formula One team (2015–2016).

References

External links
Profile at Sauber F1 Team website

British motorsport designers
Formula One designers
Living people
People from Pelsall
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall
1961 births
Sauber Motorsport
Space domain awareness. Space domain awareness is the study and monitoring of satellites orbiting the Earth. It involves the detection, tracking, cataloging and identification of artificial objects, i.e. active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, or fragmentation debris.

Aims
Space domain awareness accomplishes the following:

 Predicting when and where a decaying space object will re-enter the Earth's atmosphere;
 Preventing a returning space object, which to radar looks like a missile, from triggering a false alarm in missile-attack warning sensors;
 Charting the present position of space objects and plot their anticipated orbital paths;
 Detecting new human-made objects in space;
 Producing a running catalogue of human-made space objects;
 Determining which country owns a re-entering space object;
 Informing countries whether or not objects may interfere with satellites and International Space Station orbits;
 Providing data for future anti-satellite weapons systems.

Systems

Systems include:
 The DEEP-Sight prototype, designed by Deepinder Uppal on behalf of the Defense Innovation Unit, this system is designed to provide space domain awareness across a broad-spectrum of SDA use cases to Space Force, the United States Navy and PSRA (Public Satellite Research and Analysis) teams. 
 The United States Space Surveillance Network which has detectors such as the Space Fence (replacing the now defunct Air Force Space Surveillance System) and Space Surveillance Telescope
 The Russian Centre for Outer Space Monitoring with facilities such as Okno and Krona and Sazhen-S, used to analyse the orbital parameters of space craft.
 The French GRAVES (Grand Réseau Adapté à la Veille Spatiale) bi-static radar-based space surveillance system deploy by French Air Force
 The European Space Situational Awareness Programme with multiple assets in its Space Surveillance and Tracking Segment
 The Australian based Silentium Defence Oculus passive radar space observatory in Swan Reach, South Australia
 The American National Reconnaissance Office's Silentbarker satellites

References

External links 
 United States Space Surveillance

Space technology
Surveillance
Space debris
Yalçın Ayaslı. Yalçın Ayaslı (born 1946) is a Turkish-American business executive and electrical engineer.

Biography
A graduate of the Ankara Atatürk High School, Ayasli received his B.S. in electrical engineering from the Middle East Technical University Electrical Engineering Department in 1968.
Yalcin Ayasli received his M.S.E.E. and Sc.D. degrees from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973 and worked as a faculty member and Deputy Department Chair at the METU Electrical Engineering Department for six years.

A Massachusetts (MA) resident in 1979-2006, and NH resident since 2006, Ayasli has conducted theoretical and experimental studies on Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit techniques involving GaAs Field-Effect Transistors and related devices. He began his professional career at the MA based Raytheon's research division. In 1985, he founded Hittite Microwave Corporation, a public company traded on Nasdaq, in Chelmsford, MA. The company is a supplier of mixed signal RFIC and Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuit components and subsystems for wireless and telecommunication markets. After serving as the company's CEO and Chairman of the Board for 20 years, Ayasli served as Chairman Emeritus until the company was purchased by Analog Devices Inc. in 2014 for $2.45 billion. In 2017 he sold the airline Borajet to the SBK Holding of Sezgin Baran Korkmaz.

Ayasli is the author of numerous scientific papers in this research area and holds 15 patents. He was the General Chairman for the 1987 IEEE Microwave and Millimeter Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium.

Ayasli is founder and chairman of two US public charitable organizations; Turkish Cultural Foundation and Turkish Coalition of America. Both organizations have offices in Boston, Washington, D.C. and Istanbul.

Ayasli also established the Culinary Arts Center and  Cultural Heritage Preservation and Natural Dyes Laboratory in Istanbul.

In 2012, he donated the Ayasli Research Center to his alma mater, Middle East Technical University Engineering Department.

Yalcin Ayasli also is a member of the High Advisory Board of the World Turkish Business Council. The board last met in Istanbul on June 7, 2012.

In addition, Ayasli is an investor in the Borajet, Armaggan  and Nar companies in Turkey.

Awards
 1986 — IEEE Microwave Prize
 1994 — IEEE Fellow for contribution to the design and development of wide-band gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs).
 2011 — Macedonia Friendship Award

References

External links
 Turkish Cultural Foundation
 Turkish Coalition of America
  Cultural Heritage Preservation and Natural Dyes Laboratory
 Culinary Arts Center
 Yalcin Ayasli Homepage
 Serpil Ayasli Homepage

1946 births
Turkish chief executives
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Turkish emigrants to the United States
Middle East Technical University alumni
Turkish electrical engineers
Microwave engineers
Academic staff of Middle East Technical University
Saturation dome. A saturation dome is a graphical representation of the combination of vapor and gas that is used in thermodynamics. It can be used to find either the pressure or the specific volume as long as one already has at least one of these properties.

Description
A saturation dome uses the projection of a P–v–T diagram (pressure, specific volume, and temperature) onto the P–v plane. The points that create the left-hand side of the dome represent the saturated liquid states, while the points on the right-hand side represent the saturated vapor states (commonly referred to as the “dry” region). On the left-hand side of the dome there is compressed liquid and on the right-hand side there is superheated gas.

Within the dome itself, there is a liquid–vapor mixture. This two-phase region is commonly referred to as the “wet” region. The percentage of liquid and vapor can be calculated using vapor quality. The triple state line is where the three phases (solid, liquid, and vapor) exist in equilibrium.

Critical point

The point at the very top of the dome is called the critical point. This point is where the saturated liquid and saturated vapor lines meet. Past this point, it is impossible for a liquid–vapor transformation to occur. It is also where the critical temperature and critical pressure meet. Beyond this point, it is also impossible to distinguish between the liquid and vapor phases.

States
A saturation state is the point where a phase change begins or ends. For example, the saturated liquid line represents the point where any further addition of energy will cause a small portion of the liquid to convert to vapor. Likewise, along the saturated vapor line, any removal of energy will cause some of the vapor to condense back into a liquid, producing a mixture. When a substance reaches the saturated liquid line it is commonly said to be at its boiling point. The temperature will remain constant while it is at constant pressure underneath the saturation dome (boiling water stays at a constant of 212F) until it reaches the saturated vapor line. This line is where the mixture has converted completely to vapor. Further heating of the saturated vapor will result in a superheated vapor state. This is because the vapor will be at a temperature higher than the saturation temperature (212F for water) for a given pressure.

Vapor quality
Vapor quality refers to the vapor–liquid mixture that is contained underneath the
dome. This quality is defined as the fraction of the total mixture which is vapor, based on
mass. A
fully saturated vapor has a quality of 100% while a saturated liquid has a quality of 0%.
Quality can be estimated graphically as it is related to the specific volume, or how far horizontally across the dome the point exists. At the saturated liquid state, the specific volume is denoted as vf, while at the saturated vapor stage it is denoted as vg.

Quality can be calculated by the equation:

References

Phase transitions
Mixture theory. Mixture theory is used to model multiphase systems using the principles of continuum mechanics generalised to several interpenetrable continua. The basic assumption is that, at any instant of time, all phases are present at every material point, and momentum and mass balance equations are postulated. Like other models, mixture theory requires constitutive relations to close the system of equations. Krzysztof Wilmanski extended the model by introducing a balance equation of porosity.

References

Rheology
Scientific modelling
Multifunction tester. A multifunction tester or MFT is an electronic device used  by electricians to test electrical circuits that use the "low" and "extra-low voltages" typically used by consumers in domestic, commercial and agricultural settings.

Multifunction testers are able to perform continuity tests (or low ohms resistance tests) and insulation resistance tests (or high ohms resistance tests) and they may also be able to perform earth fault loop impedance tests, prospective short-circuit current tests, earth electrode tests and RCD tests.

Electrical circuits
Aerocomp VM-1 Esqual. The Aerocomp VM-1 Esqual is a Swedish ultralight aircraft, produced by Arsi AB (formerly Aerocomp AB) of Alingsås. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was originally designed in Spain by Vol Mediterrani to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and production was later moved to Sweden. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear or conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. Early versions used conventional landing gear but the current manufacturer is producing the nosewheel version. A retractable gear version is under development.

The aircraft is made from high density PVC foam and epoxy resin composites. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912S,  Jabiru 2200,  Jabiru 3300 and the  ULPower UL260i four-stroke powerplants. The landing gear is made from 7175-T6 aluminum alloy and employs a freely-castering nosewheel and main wheels brakes for steering. The wing features electrically-actuated flaps. Manual trim is standard with electric trim optional.

Specifications (VM-1 Esqual)

See also

References

External links

2000s Swedish ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Low-wing aircraft
VM-1
Single-engined piston aircraft