omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
North-Eastern Space Applications Centre. North-Eastern Space Applications Centre is a regional space centre established in September, 2000 by joint initiative of the Department of Space, Government of India and North Eastern Council to expedite the usage of remote sensing technology to discover natural minerals uncovered in the North-Eastern states of India and to promote overall growth of North Eastern states of India using space science and technology.

History
North-Eastern Space Applications Centre was set up with a joint initiative of Department of Space and North Eastern Council in September, 2000 at Shillong in Meghalaya, India. The centre has been declared a protected area by the state government.

Objectives
The objective of NESAC is to search and utilize the natural resources present in the region using remote sensing, provide the North-Eastern states access to satellite services, and promote research in the space technology in the region by tying up with the academic institutions in the region.

Programmes
The centre presently focuses on Remote sensing and Geographic information systems, a satellite communication programme and space science research programmes

Facilities
The centre is equipped with modern GIS software like Erdas, Geomatica, eCognition, ESRI ArcGIS, and the like.
Its equipment includes:
 Digital Photogrammetry Work Stations
 A0 size Colour Scanner
 High Quality printers and plotters
 Leica Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)
 Visual Interpretation facilities
 Spectroradiometer
 UV-Visible Spectro-photometer, Flame Photometer
 Echo-Sounder
 Plant Canopy Imager

Projects
It has undertaken projects on the land mapping of North-Eastern States on 1:50,000 scale, and wasteland and wetland monitoring. It developed the FLEWS or Flood Early Warning System for the areas which are likely to be the worst affected by floods. It also developed touch input-based information kiosks to provide information about the state of Meghalaya.

Finances
The funding for the centre is divided in 50:50 ratio between Government of India and North-Eastern council. The centre has been allocated a budget of Rs. 8 crore for the financial year 2012–13 by the central government.

References

External links
 nesac.gov.in

Space programme of India
Science and technology in Meghalaya
Indian Space Research Organisation facilities
Buildings and structures in Meghalaya
2000 establishments in Meghalaya
Research institutes established in 2000
F* (programming language). F* (pronounced F star) is a high-level, multi-paradigm, functional and object-oriented programming language inspired by the languages ML, Caml, and OCaml, and intended for program verification. It is a joint project of Microsoft Research, and the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria). Its type system includes dependent types, monadic effects, and refinement types. This allows expressing precise specifications for programs, including functional correctness and security properties. The F* type-checker aims to prove that programs meet their specifications using a combination of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solving and manual proofs. For execution, programs written in F* can be translated to OCaml, F#, C, WebAssembly (via KaRaMeL tool), or assembly language (via Vale toolchain). Prior F* versions could also be translated to JavaScript.

It was introduced in 2011. and is under active development on GitHub.

History

Versions
Until version 2022.03.24, F* was written entirely in a common subset of F* and F# and supported bootstrapping in both OCaml and F#. This was dropped starting in version 2022.04.02.

Overview

Operators 
F* supports common arithmetic operators such as +, -, *, and /. Also, F* supports relational operators like <, <=, ==, !=, >, and >=.

Data types 
Common primitive data types in F* are bool, int, float, char, and unit.

References

Sources
 
 
 Swamy, Nikhil; Martínez, Guido; Rastogi, Aseem (2024). Proof-Orented Programming in F*.

External links

F* tutorial

High-level programming languages
Functional languages
OCaml programming language family
.NET programming languages
Microsoft programming languages
Microsoft Research
Microsoft free software
Dependently typed languages
Automated theorem proving
Programming languages created in 2011
Proof assistants
2011 software
Cross-platform free software
Software using the Apache license

Statically typed programming languages
Joseph A. Flaherty Jr.. Joseph Antony Flaherty, Jr. (December 25, 1930 – August 7, 2018) was the Senior Vice President for Technology at CBS. He is the inventor and co-inventor of many television technologies including the miniature color camera, and off-line videotape editing, and co-inventor to Raymond D. Schneider of  Electronic news-gathering. Flaherty was Chairman of the Planning Subcommittee of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service that developed the ATSC HDTV standard.

Biography 

Joseph A. Flaherty, Jr. is the son of a television engineer.  He earned a degree in physics from Rockhurst College. From 1953 to 1955 Flaherty served at the United States Army Signal Corps Photographic Center. As Technical Director and Design Engineer of the U.S. Army's first television station, Flaherty designed the studio wherein training films were made through kinescope. Flaherty's career at CBS began in 1957 when he joined as a Design Engineer. Flaherty moved up in the ranks due to his innovations, and in 1977 he became Vice President for Technology.

At CBS, he played an integral role in the development of such technologies as Electronic news-gathering, the miniature color camera, one inch videotape, off-line videotape editing, and high definition television. High definition television was one of Flaherty's chief areas of interest; he presented many papers on the subject. Flaherty served as Chairman of the Planning Subcommittee of the FCC's Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service that developed the ATSC HDTV standard.

Flaherty has also served as a Director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation. He was a fan of Clarke's work and has referenced the science fiction author in speeches.

Joe Flaherty died on August 7, 2018, at the age of 87.

Honors and awards received 

 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers David Sarnoff Gold Medal (1974)
 Emmy for development of Electronic News Gathering (1975)
 National Association of Broadcasters Engineering Award (1983)
 Chevalier de l'Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur (1985)
 Emmy for electronic editing systems for programs produced on film (1986)
 Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (1989)
 Emmy for the first Digital Computer Automation System for television (1989)
 Member of the Broadcasting and Cable Magazine Hall of Fame (1991)
 Personal Achievement Emmy for Lifetime Achievement in Contributions to the Development and Improvement of the Science and Technology of Television (1994) 
 Charles F. Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award (1996)

References

American engineers
CBS executives
1930 births
2018 deaths
N-Sulfinyl imine. N-Sulfinyl imines (N-sulfinylimines, sulfinimines, thiooxime S-oxides) are a class of imines bearing a sulfinyl group attached to nitrogen. These imines display useful stereoselectivity reactivity and due to the presence of the chiral electron withdrawing N-sulfinyl group. They allow 1,2-addition of organometallic reagents to imines. The N-sulfinyl group exerts powerful and predictable stereodirecting effects resulting in high levels of asymmetric induction.  Racemization of the newly created carbon-nitrogen stereo center is prevented because anions are stabilized at nitrogen (i.e., the sulfinyl group is a versatile amine protection group). The sulfinyl chiral auxiliary is readily removed by simple acid hydrolysis. The addition of organometallic reagents to N-sulfinyl imines is the most reliable and versatile method for the asymmetric synthesis of amine derivatives. These building blocks have been employed in the asymmetric synthesis of numerous biologically active compounds.

Synthesis
The first N-sulfinyl imines in racemic form were formed by oxidation of p-toluene-sulfenyl imines with m-CPBA.   Enantiopure p-toluene-sulfinyl imines arise by the reaction of the commercially available Andersen reagent (menthyl p-toluenesulfinate) with metallo-ketimines but is limited to ketone derived N-sulfinyl imines. A more general method for the preparation of N-sulfinyl imines is the asymmetric oxidation of achiral sulfenyl imines with a chiral oxaziridine. The utility of this method is limited by the availability of the N-sulfonyloxaziridine, which is difficult to prepare. More practical is the one-pot procedure from the Andersen reagent making a variety of p-toluene-sulfinyl imines available from both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.

A widely used method for the asymmetric synthesis of N-sulfinyl imines is the condensation of enantiopure primary sulfinamides with aldehyde or ketones. A mild Lewis acid dehydrating reagents such as titanium ethoxide facilitate the condensation. Many sulfinamides are commercially available in both (R)- and (S)-forms. The two most commonly used are the Davis p-toluene-sulfinamide and the Ellman tert-butanesulfinamide

Applications

The p-toluene-sulfinyl imines have been used for the highly diastereoselective asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids, β-amino acids, syn- and anti-2,3-diamino esters, α-amino aldehydes and ketones, β-amino ketones, α-amino phosphonates, aziridine 2-carboxylates, and aziridine 2-phosphonates. Many of these same transformations can be carried out with tert-butylsulfinyl imines. For the asymmetric synthesis of amines, tert-butylsulfinyl imines are required as lithium and Grignard reagents react at the sulfinyl sulfur in p-toluene-sulfinyl imines. Mild acid treatment readily removes the N-sulfinyl group in the sulfinamide products affording the free amine derivatives. An advantage of tert-butylsulfinyl imines is that acid treatment of the corresponding sulfinamides leads to easily removal  by-products

References

Imines
Functional groups
Energy Park, Saint Paul. Energy Park is a mixed-use project in the Midway district of Saint Paul, Minnesota. It has industrial, commercial, and residential uses.

The area is bounded by Lexington Parkway on the east, BNSF (formerly Great Northern) railroad tracks on the south, Snelling Avenue on the west, and BNSF (formerly Northern Pacific) tracks on the north.

Planning for energy conversation in the city began after the 1970s energy crisis. In 1980, the project received $12.1 million from the federal government as an Urban Development Action Grants.

By 1989, the first two phases of housing construction were completed. The center would later be turned over to the Saint Paul Port Authority after it lost the Wilder Foundation $9 million.

The Wilder Foundation, a non-profit, contributed to Energy Park's housing and retail development. The foundation invested $35 million in Energy Park retail, housing and office developments.

The Minnesota Children's Museum was located in the neighborhood from 1985 to 1995.

See also
Bandana Square

References

External links
Saint Paul Port Authority website

Business parks of the United States
Neighborhoods in Saint Paul, Minnesota
TouchBionics. Touch EMAS (Edinburgh Modular Arm System) was founded by David Gow and was the first spin out company from Britain's National Health Service. Its intellectual property was based on the work of David Gow and his team at the Bioengineering Centre, Princess Margaret Rose Hospital, Edinburgh. It was awarded a SMART award in June 2002 to develop its articulating prosthetic hand which later became the i-Limb Hand. It received start up funding from the Edinburgh based Archangels syndicate in March 2003. It has been described as a world leader in upper limb prosthetic technologies.

In 2005 the company rebranded as TouchBionics.  It  employs more than 120 people in Scotland, Germany and the USA.

It was sold to Össur in 2016 for £25.5 million.

References

Prosthetic manufacturers
Medical technology companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in West Lothian
I-LIMB Hand. The i-LIMB Hand is the brand name of world's first commercially available bionic hand  invented by David Gow and his team at the Bioengineering Centre of the Princess Margaret Rose Hospital in Edinburgh, and manufactured by Touch Bionics.  The articulating prosthetic hand has individually powered digits and thumb and has a choice of grips. The i-Limb Hand offers full hand solutions in addition to partial hand solutions. It was launched in Vancouver in July 2007.  i-LIMB Hand won the Limbless Association's Prosthetic Product Innovation Award for 2008, was listed at number fourteen in the TIME's list of the Top 50 Best Inventions of 2008, and Touch EMAS/Touch Bionics was awarded The Queen's Award for Enterprise: Innovation (Technology) (2010) for the i-LIMB Hand.

How It Works
The i-LIMB Hand is controlled through the use of myoelectric signals, which uses the muscle signals in the patient's residual arm to move the i-LIMB Hand around. Electrodes are placed at two pre-determined muscle sites. The electrodes pick up the muscle signals when the patient contracts his/her muscles. These signals are then sent to a microprocessor which causes the device to move. The i-LIMB Hand has up to four different muscle triggers. The user is able to assign a grip to move the device to a certain position.
These muscle triggers include:
 `hold open’; This option uses the open signal for a certain amount of time.
 `double impulse’; This option uses two quick open signals once the hand is opened completely. 
 `triple impulse’ This option uses three quick open signals once the hand is opened completely. 
 `co-contraction’ This allows the device to contract the open and close muscles at the same time.

Products

Whole Hand Solutions 
Whole Hand Solutions include i-LIMB ultra and the i-LIMB revolution. The i-LIMB ultra provides features including a powered-rotating thumb and grip chips™, which allows the user to communicate through bluetooth for immediate grip access. The i-LIMB revolution offers digit-by-digit grip strength and allows the user to customize grip strengths. Both whole hand solutions offer mobile device apps, giving the user access to different grip patterns.

Partial Hand Solutions
Partial Hand Solutions are offered to individuals with missing fingers or partial hands. These missing fingers can be replaced by i-LIMB digits.

References

External links
i-limb ultra at touchbionics.com.

Prosthetics
David Gow. David James Gow CBE (born 1957) is the inventor of the i-Limb prosthetic hand. He was made an honorary Doctor of Science in November 2018 by the University of Edinburgh.

Biography
He was born in Dumfries in 1957 and was educated at Breconbeds School, Kirtlebridge, Annan Academy and the University of Edinburgh. He studied Mechanical Engineering from 1975 to 1979, graduating with BSc (Honours) in Engineering Science. He then worked for a year at Ferranti (Scotland) a defence contractor in Edinburgh. In January 1981 he began a research post at the University of Edinburgh lasting until 1984 when he transferred to the National Health Service (NHS). He managed the Rehabilitation Technology Services for NHS Lothian and was based at the SMART Centre in Edinburgh.

Career
He began a programme of research activities in the field of upper limb prosthetics. In 1998 he fitted a fellow Scot, Campbell Aird with an electrical arm prosthesis containing the world's first electrical shoulder. In 2002 he founded and spun out the first company from the NHS, Touch EMAS Ltd and became its first CEO. He invented the i-limb and ProDigits partial hand system (later i-limb digits, now i-digits). He and his team from the company (which became Touch Bionics in 2005) won the MacRobert Award from the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2008.

He is a Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine and the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Gow was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to upper limb prosthetics.

David retired from the NHS in April 2015.

Family

He is married to Janet Brunton.  His parents (both deceased) were James, and Effie (née Shankland), and he has an older sister Mary, and a younger brother, Iain. James, his father, served in the 2nd Battalion Royal Scots, and was captured by the Japanese in Hong Kong on Christmas Day 1941 - he was being transferred to Japan on the freighter Lisbon Maru when it was torpedoed and sank on the 2nd of October, 1942; he spent the remainder of the war in Japan, initially in Kobe House prisoner of war camp (Osaka #2).  David is the maternal nephew of the late David Shankland, MBE, a former nursing tutor and well-known after-dinner speaker and Burns' enthusiast.

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20130120031346/http://www.myworldofwork.co.uk/content/i-invented-the-bionic-hand

1957 births
People from Dumfries
Scottish inventors
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Kinney HRH. The Kinney HRH (Hot Rod Helicopter) is an American helicopter that was designed by Robert Kinney and produced by Vortech, Inc in the form of plans for amateur construction. The aircraft was first shown at Sun 'n Fun in 2002.

Design and development
The HRH was designed to comply with the US experimental – amateur-built rules. It features a single main rotor, a single-seat enclosed cockpit with a windshield, skid-type landing gear and a four-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke,  Subaru EJ25 automotive engine. It is the high power to weight ratio that gives the aircraft its name.

The aircraft fuselage is made from a mix of welded 4130 steel tube and bolted-together aluminum tubing, with a composite cabin shell. Its  diameter two-bladed Waitman composite rotor has a chord of . The tail rotor has a  diameter. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is . The HRH can hover in ground effect at  and out of ground effect at

Operational history
By January 2013 there was one example, the 2001 prototype, registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (HRH)

References

External links

2000s United States sport aircraft
2000s United States helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston helicopters
Ramesh Sitaraman. Ramesh Sitaraman is an Indian American computer scientist known for his work on distributed algorithms, content delivery networks, streaming video delivery, and application delivery networks. He helped build the Akamai content delivery network, one of the world's largest distributed computing platforms. He is currently in the computer science department at University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Biography
Ramesh Sitaraman received a B.Tech in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras and a Ph.D (1993) in computer science from Princeton University under Robert Tarjan. He helped build Akamai's high-performance network for delivering web and media content and is an Akamai Fellow. Currently, he is a distinguished professor in the computer science department at University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Research
Sitaraman's early research centered on algorithms for building reliable parallel networks from unreliable components by emulating a virtual overlay network on top of an underlying unreliable parallel network.  Later, serving as a principal architect, he helped build the Akamai network, a large overlay network that currently delivers 15-30% of all web traffic using 190,000 servers in 110 countries in over 1,100 networks. He is known for helping pioneer Iarge distributed networks for web content delivery, streaming media delivery, and application delivery on the Internet. His current research is focused on energy efficiency of Internet-scale distributed networks. He is also known for his early work in building large-scale video delivery networks, measuring their performance, and more recently studying the impact of streaming video performance on users.

Recognition
Sitaraman was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2019 "for contributions to content delivery networks, distributed systems, and scalable Internet services". He was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2019 "for contributions to content delivery, internet performance and distributed systems".

References

Indian computer scientists
Princeton University alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
2019 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the IEEE
American computer scientists
GML10. GML10 is a diesel-electric locomotive built by Clyde Engineering, Kelso for the Goldsworthy Mining Company in 1990. It is currently operated by Qube.

History
GML10's design is a hybrid of two earlier classes of Clyde-built locomotives, its frame and bodywork are essentially copied from the N class built for V/Line between 1985 and 1987, while its traction equipment and mechanical configuration is much closer to that employed on Australian National's DL class.

Construction commenced almost immediately after the final DL class unit had been delivered, and in April 1990, the new locomotive undertook a trial run of approximately 82 kilometres to Lithgow. It was subsequently worked to Perth in May 1990 at the head of a normal freight service, before being moved by road to the Goldsworthy railway.

Goldsworthy were acquired by BHP in late 1990, and during the amalgamation with BHP's other railway operations GML10 was renumbered to GML20 to avoid having two locomotives both using number 10.

In 1994 BHP listed the locomotive for sale, having elected to standardise on an all General Electric fleet. It was purchased by Comalco in August of that year and renumber R1004, for use on its  bauxite railway at Weipa, Queensland.

In 2009, R1004 was sold to Australian Locolease who resold it to Qube. In late 2010, it was shipped to Newcastle before being taken to Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia's Goulburn Railway Workshops for overhaul in March 2011. It returned to service in August 2011 as GML10 operating Qube services in South Australia and Victoria.

Though Clyde never built another GML class locomotive, the design did become the basis of FreightCorp's 82 class and Westrail's S class, both of which were also designated as JT42Cs. GML10 itself would be replaced by two JT42Cs in 2009.

In 2021, GML10 was transferred to Western Australia to work Watco Australia's Forrestfield to Fremantle Harbour intermodal container service.

Liveries
GML10 was outshopped in a version of the V/Line orange and grey colour scheme, albeit without logos. After Goldsworthy's acquisition by BHP, it was repainted into BHP blue and white. After being sold to Comalco, it was repainted in their yellow and red colour scheme. Since 2011, it has worn Qube's silver and yellow.

References

BHP Billiton diesel locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Australia
Individual locomotives of Australia
Railway locomotives introduced in 1990