omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Frame-IT!. Frame-IT! (also known as Frame-it) was an application for developing HTML frames released in 1996 by GME Systems. It featured a user interface in which you could control frame size, the number of frames, frame location, and frame appearance without knowledge of HTML. It allowed completed frames to be copied to clipboard, to be saved, or to be previewed in a browser.

Frame-it was listed in PC/Computing magazine's list of "1,001 Top Free Internet Downloads" for 1997.

Frame-IT! is no longer available at its original website, though it can still be downloaded from mirrors.

Shareware
Although the software originally cost  and came with a 14-day evaluation, by 1999, the software had become freeware. Users were instructed to register using the following code to make full use of the software.
Name : Registered User
Code : 29700

Releases

Frame-It! had the following releases:
 1.21
 1.23

See also
 FrameGang

Annotations

References

External links
 Frame-It V 1.23 Windows 95, SfR Freeware/Shareware Archive
 Frame-It V 1.23 and 1.21

1996 software
Aeronca 12 Chum. The Aeronca 12AC Chum was a 2-seat cabin monoplane designed and produced by Aeronca in the United States in 1946. The design was a licence-built version of the ERCO Ercoupe.

Aeronca built two examples, the first with the standard twin-tail and a second with a single tail, modified landing gear and all-metal wings.

Specifications (Chum)

See also

References

1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
India Science Award. India Science Award is one of the highest and the most prestigious national recognition by the Government of India for outstanding contribution to science. The primary and essential criterion for the award is demonstrated and widely accepted excellence in science. The award covers all areas of research in science including engineering, medicine and agriculture. The prize money is ₹25 lakhs, and it also carries a citation and a gold medal. The award is announced and presented every year at the Indian Science Congress (ISC).

The award was instituted by the 10th Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 2003. The first award, for the year 2004, was given to a renowned chemist Prof CNR Rao, for his works in solid state and material chemistry, by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at the inauguration of the 93rd Indian Science Congress on 3 January 2006.

History
India Science Award was launched at the 90th Indian Science Congress on 3 January 2003, held at Bangalore University, by the Prime Minister of India. On 30 June 2003 the Ministry of Science and Technology (India) approved the framework and guidelines of the award. The meeting was attended by 20 eminent scientists, government officials, under the chairmanship of the Minister of Science and Technology.

Criteria
India Science Award is given annually in recognition of distinguished achievements in science, including medicine, engineering and agriculture. The recipient is a scientist, of no age limit, who had made a groundbreaking scientific research that is widely demonstrated and accepted, and the work done primarily in India. Originality and innovatory outputs are more important than mere quantity. Contribution to scientific development of the country has a huge impression. Groups or institutions are not eligible to receive this award. There can only be a maximum of two winners of the prize in a given year if more than one nominee is eligible.

Recipients

Discontinued after 2010 
After 2010, the India Science Award was discontinued following its merger with the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology. The budget of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology was accordingly increased.

See also 

 List of general science and technology awards

References

External links
 C.R. Rao bags Indian Science Award
 Prof. C.N.R. Rao becomes first recipient of India Science Award 2004
 India Science Award for eminent statistician C.R. Rao

Indian science and technology awards
Science and technology awards
Awards established in 2003
2003 establishments in India
Jeep Renegade (concept). The Jeep Renegade is an American concept car produced by Jeep. The car was first exhibited at the North American International Auto Show in 2008. The Renegade's main feature is the hybrid engine. The model will remain a study model for the moment and will not be further developed.

Model 

According to Jeep, the Jeep Renegade is made from minimal components, the chassis and the car interior are made from a single piece of aluminum. The floor of the car is designed in such a fashion that any water is immediately discharged outside. The car is reportedly fully recyclable.

Engine  
The Renegade is the first Jeep that has a hybrid drive system. The engine consists of two electric motors which each produce  as well as a 1.5L Bluetec diesel engine, which produces  for a total of . The total range of the car is , thanks to the innovative hybrid system.

External links  

 Jeep International Website (archived)
 YouTube Video @ 2008 NYC Auto show of Jeep Renegade

Off-road vehicles 
Renegade
FHTML. FHTML (Fluid Hyper Text Markup Language) or FluidHtml is an interpreted markup language that renders in Adobe Flash. Rich web applications are globally popular, but most are not easy to learn, and generate pages that are not amenable to search engine optimization; FHTML was created to deal with these issues. FHTML can be used with server-side web technologies such as Java, .NET Framework and PHP.  Development of the language went through private beta testing, and was planned to be opened for beta testing sometime in 2010.

Advantages
FHTML does not need to be compiled like Flex, Silverlight, and Flash.

Criticism
As search engines like Google and Yahoo gradually become more proficient at indexing the content of Flash files, a critic wonders, "does FluidHTML really fix anything that isn’t already steadily improving?"

Examples
Auction house Sotheby's uses FHTML for its online retail catalog.

References

External links
Official site
FluidHtml on Twitter

Adobe Flash
Markup languages
HTML
Rich web application frameworks
Babo Airfield. Babo Airfield is a disused airfield located on the southern shore of Maccluer Gulf at Babo in Indonesia. The airfield is located in an isolated low-lying swamp area.

History
The airfield was built by the Dutch in the late 1920s or 1930s.  It was the final stop for KLM airlines in Dutch New Guinea.   After the Pacific War with Japan broke out in December 1941, a Royal Australian Air Force engineering party with the assistance of the Dutch upgraded the airstrip for military use.

First attacked by Japanese H6K Mavis flying boats on December 30, 1941, leaving 3 dead and 14 wounded, including a number of children. Three RAAF No. 13 Squadron Lockheed Hudson bombers were sent there to act as 'fighters', this temporary duty was regarded to be against enemy flying boats while the Dutch KNIL garrison of approximately 200 rushed to improve area defenses and create a clearing for a second runway. The Japanese 2nd Detachment landed at Babo on April 2, 1942 and occupied the town. Most of the Dutch soldiers escaped to Australia.

The airfield was developed into a major base used by both the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy units in the Vogelkop Peninsula, staging to other airfields to the south Aru and Kai Islands or east to New Guinea.  The Japanese built a second 'hardtop' runway creating two strips of 4,530' and 2,660' respectively.  Naval troops constructed 15 bomber and 24 fighter revetments with more under construction. The base largely escaped any Allied bombing until mid-1943.

The aerial units based at Babo opposed the American landings at Biak, but suffered heavy losses.  The army's 24th Sentai lost 20 pilots and 40 planes while based at Babo in only 30 days then was withdrawn. The navy's 202nd Kōkūtai was temporarily withdrawn from Babo for defense of Truk, then returned to Babo in June 1944. They lost 12 planes defending Biak, and were then disbanded.

By mid-1944, the base was in range of medium bombers and ground attack planes from the United States Army Air Forces 5th Air Force, and came under heavy attack.  It was neutralized from the air around October 1944, but never liberated by Allied forces. Tons of American and Australian bombs hit the airfield. Many of its aircraft were destroyed by parafrag bombs. Japanese ground crews even sawed off the engines from wrecked planes, in a desperate attempt to ward off further attacks, and used hulks to fill in bomb craters. Isolated from resupply or rescue, the remaining Japanese occupied the area until the end of the war.

References 
 Pacific Wrecks - Babo Airfield    Irian Jaya Indonesia

Airports in West Papua (province)
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II
World War II sites in Indonesia
Spread-spectrum time-domain reflectometry. Spread-spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR) is a measurement technique to identify faults, usually in electrical wires, by observing reflected spread spectrum signals. This type of time-domain reflectometry can be used in various high-noise and live environments. Additionally, SSTDR systems have the additional benefit of being able to precisely locate the position of the fault. Specifically, SSTDR is accurate to within a few centimeters for wires carrying 400 Hz aircraft signals as well as MIL-STD-1553 data bus signals. AN SSTDR system can be run on a live wire because the spread spectrum signals can be isolated from the system noise and activity.

At the most basic level, the system works by sending spread spectrum signals down a wireline and waiting for those signals to be reflected back to the SSTDR system.  The reflected signal is then correlated with a copy of the sent signal.  Mathematical algorithms are applied to both the shape and timing of the signals to locate either the short or the end of an open circuit.

Detecting intermittent faults in live wires
Spread-spectrum time domain reflectometry is used in detecting intermittent faults in live wires. From buildings and homes to aircraft and naval ships, this technology can discover irregular shorts on live wire running 400 Hz, 115 V. For accurate location of a wiring system's fault the SSTDR associates the PN code with the signal on the line then stores the exact location of the correlation before the arc dissipates.  Present SSTDR can collect a complete data set in under 5 ms. 

SSTDR technology allows for analysis of a network of wires. One SSTDR sensor can measure up to 4 junctions in a branched wire system.

See also
 Spread spectrum
 Time-domain reflectometry

References

External links 
 Kingston, Samuel, Evan Benoit, Ayobami S. Edun, Farhad Elyasichamazkoti, Dawn E Sweeney, Joel B. Harley, Paul K. Kuhn, and Cynthia M. Furse. "SSTDR methodology, implementations, and challenges." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5268.
 Furse, Cynthia, Smith, Paul, Safavi, Mehdi, and Lo, Chet."Feasibility of Spread Spectrum Sensors for Location of Arcs on Live Wires".IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 5, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2005
 Furse, Cynthia, Smith, Paul, and Lo, Chet."Spread Spectrum Sensors for Critical Fault Location on Live Wire Networks". STRUCTURAL CONTROL AND HEALTH MONITORING, June 2005.

Electronic engineering
Richard Skalak. Richard Skalak (February 5, 1923 – August 17, 1997) was an American pioneer in biomedical engineering. He is known for his groundbreaking work in the mechanics of blood flow, bone growth, white blood cell response to infections, and biological implications and responses to implants. He won numerous significant scientific honors over his career, including election to the National Academy of Engineering in 1988. He is the namesake of the ASME Richard Skalak Award.

Awards and honors
Chair Applied Mechanics Division, 1979
Theodore von Karman Medal, 1987
National Academy of Engineering, 1988
Ted Belytschko Applied Mechanics Award, 1997
Poiseuille Medal of the International Society of Biorheology
Fellow, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Fellow, American Academy of Mechanics
Fellow, American Society of Civil Engineers
Fellow, New York Academy of Medicine
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science

References

1923 births
1997 deaths
American bioengineers
American Presbyterians
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
20th-century American engineers
Machine element. Machine element or hardware refers to an elementary component of a machine.  These elements consist of three basic types:
 structural components such as frame members, bearings, axles, splines, fasteners, seals, and lubricants, 
 mechanisms that control movement in various ways such as gear trains, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, including brakes and clutches, and 
 control components such as buttons, switches, indicators, sensors, actuators and computer controllers.

While generally not considered to be a machine element, the shape, texture and color of covers are an important part of a machine that provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical components of a machine and its users.

Machine elements are basic mechanical parts and features used as the building blocks of most machines. Most are standardized to common sizes, but customs are also common for specialized applications.

Machine elements may be features of a part (such as screw threads or integral plain bearings) or they may be discrete parts in and of themselves such as wheels, axles, pulleys, rolling-element bearings, or gears. All of the simple machines may be described as machine elements, and many machine elements incorporate concepts of one or more simple machines.  For example, a leadscrew incorporates a screw thread, which is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Many mechanical design, invention, and engineering tasks involve a knowledge of various machine elements and an intelligent and creative combining of these elements into a component or assembly that fills a need (serves an application).

Structural elements
 Beams, 
 Struts, 
 Bearings, 
 Fasteners
 Keys, 
 Splines, 
 Cotter pin, 
 Seals
 Machine guardings

Mechanical elements
 Engine, 
 Electric motor, 
 Actuator, 
 Shafts, 
 Couplings
 Belt, 
 Chain, 
 Cable drives, 
 Gear train, 
 Clutch, 
 Brake, 
 Flywheel, 
 Cam, 
 follower systems, 
 Linkage, 
 Simple machine

Types

Shafts
Coupling
Key
Spline
Bearing
Roller bearing
Plain bearing
Thrust bearing
Ball bearing
Linear bearing
Pillow block  
Gears
Spur gear
Helical gear
Worm gear
Herringbone gear
Fastener
Screw
Screw thread
Nut
Clevis fastener
Retaining ring
Circlip
E-ring
Split pin cotter pin)
Linchpin
R-clip
Rivet
Tapered pin
O-ring
Belt
Pulleys
Clutch
Brake
Chain
Sprocket
Wire rope
Power screw

See also 

 Tool
 Electrical element
 Electronic component
 Mini survival kit
 Survival kit
 Repair kit
 List of sensors
 List of martial arts weapons
 Lists of weapons

References

External links

Hardware (mechanical)
Machines
Mechanical engineering
Hamul-class destroyer tender. The Hamul class were a class of destroyer tenders that were initially constructed as attack cargo ships for the United States Navy during World War II. They operated from 1941 to 1969.

Design and description

Initially both ships were commercial cargo ships of the C3 type taken over by the United States Navy during World War II and converted to attack cargo ships. The ships measured  long between perpendiculars and  overall with a beam of  and a draft of . As attack cargo ships, they had a displacement of . After their conversion to destroyer tenders, they had a light displacement of  and measured  at full load. They were powered by steam generated from two Foster Wheeler boilers turning geared turbines creating . This gave them a maximum speed of . The ships were armed with a single /38-caliber gun, four single-mounted /50 cal. guns and four  guns. They had a complement of 857 officers and enlisted personnel.

Ships in class

Notes

Citations

References
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
Auxiliary depot ship classes
Electrically detected magnetic resonance. Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) is a materials characterisation technique that improves upon electron spin resonance. It involves measuring the change in electrical resistance of a sample when exposed to certain microwave frequencies. It can be used to identify very small numbers (down to a few hundred atoms) of impurities in semiconductors.

Outline of technique

To perform a pulsed EDMR experiment, the system is first initialised by placing it in a magnetic field. This orients the spins of the electrons occupying the donor and acceptor in the direction of the magnetic field. To study the donor, we apply a microwave pulse ("γ" in the diagram) at a resonant frequency of the donor. This flips the spin of the electron on the donor. The donor electron can then decay to the acceptor energy state (it was forbidden from doing that before it was flipped due to the Pauli exclusion principle) and from there to the valence band, where it recombines with a hole. With more recombination, there will be fewer conduction electrons in the conduction band and a corresponding increase in the resistance, which can be directly measured. Above-bandgap light is used throughout the experiment to ensure that there are many electrons in the conduction band.

By scanning the frequency of the microwave pulse, we can find which frequencies are resonant, and with knowledge of the strength of the magnetic field, we can identify the donor's energy levels from the resonant frequency and knowledge of the Zeeman effect. The donor's energy levels act as a 'fingerprint' by which we can identify the donor and its local electronic environment. By changing the frequency slightly, we can study the acceptor instead.

Recent developments
EDMR has been demonstrated on a single electron from a quantum dot. Measurements of less than 100 donors and theoretical analyses  of such a measurement have been published, relying on the Pb interface defect to act as the acceptor.

References

Quantum electronics
Spectroscopy
Muskeg River Mine Cogeneration Station. Muskeg River Mine (MRM) Cogeneration Station is a natural gas-fired station owned by Heartland Generation, located 75 km north of Fort McMurray and is part of the Albian Sands Project.

Description 

The MRM Cogeneration Station consists of:
 2 - GE 7EA gas-fired turbine and generator sets with low nitrous oxide burners
 2 - Heat recovery steam generators
 2 - Standby auxiliary gas-fired boilers.

References

External links 
 SaskPower Station Description

Natural gas-fired power stations in Alberta
ATCO
SaskPower
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo
Mechanical Gecko. In robotics and mechanical engineering, on November 15, 2008, China's Technology Daily reported Dr. Li Hiu Yeung and his research group of the New Concept Aircraft (ZHUHAI) Co., Ltd. had recently successfully developed the Mechanical Gecko named "Speedy Freelander".

The "Speedy Freelander" is a new intelligent robot with a compact and flexible body. Its possible use includes search, rescue, counter-terrorism, as well as scientific experiments and scientific exploration.

Mechanical Gecko "Freelander" comprehensively utilizes the optical, electromagnetic sensing and new communication methods, and optical, mechanical and electronic integration technology. According to the introduction by Dr. Li, this gecko robot with the artificial intelligence can rapidly climb up and down a variety of building walls, ground and wall fissures, and walk upside-down on the ceiling. It is able to adapt to the surfaces of smooth glass, rough, sticky or dusty walls as well as the various types of metallic materials. It can also identify and circumvent obstacles automatically. Its flexibility and speed are comparable to the natural gecko.

References

Further reading
 Reports on Chinese Science and Technology Daily
 Reports on SOHU website

Other videos on the mechanical gecko
 http://you.video.sina.com.cn/b/17435805-1569053923.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRzMeXtbJRo
 http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/1BOD206KD8o/

Climbing robots
Quadruped robots
Robotic animals
Robots of China
2008 robots
Geckos
William Fletcher (engineer). William Fletcher (1848–1918) was an English writer and steam traction engine designer.

William Fletcher was a leading designer of Victorian and Edwardian steam traction engines.  some twenty of his engines survived in preservation, including Maynarch (Wallis & Steevens, 1883); Excelsior (Clayton & Shuttleworth No 34980, 1902), Peggy (Clayton & Shuttleworth, 904) and Victoria (Davey Paxman - 1907).

Many of Fletcher's original build books and drawings are held at the Museum of English Rural Life (MERL), University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.

Chronology

1848: Fletcher was born on 23 April 1848, at West Stockwith, Nottinghamshire.
1863: Apprenticeship with Marshall and Sons, Gainsborough.
1870: Draughtsman with Alexander and Sons, Cirencester.
1872: Assistant manager and chief draughtsman with Wallis & Steevens, Basingstoke.
1873: Married to Jessie Brown, daughter of a Baptist minister, Cirencester.
1874: Birth of Fletcher's 1st child; a daughter Lilian, at Basingstoke.
1876: Death of Fletcher's younger brother Robert, a gifted engineer, aged 22 years.
1877: Fletcher designed and tested Wallis & Steevens’ first steam traction engine; T250.
1878: Fletcher's 1st book, “Abuse of the steam jacket” is published. Works manager with Charles Burrell & Sons, Thetford. Birth of Fletcher's 2nd child; a son Conrad, at St. Nicholas Works, Thetford.
1880: Chief draughtsman with Marshall and Sons, Gainsborough.
1881: Birth of Fletcher's 3rd child; a daughter Hilda, at Gainsborough.
1888: Chief draughtsman with Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies, Ipswich. Fletcher re-designs all their steam traction engines and road locomotives.
1891: Fletcher's 2nd book, "The History and Development of Steam Locomotion on Common Roads” is published.
1895: Fletcher's 2nd edition of 1st book is re-printed, “The Steam Jacket Practically Considered”.
1897: Chief draughtsman with Clayton & Shuttleworth, Lincoln. Fletcher re-designs all their steam traction engines and road locomotives.
1898: Fletcher's 3rd book, “A chapter in the history of the traction engine” is published. Fletcher becomes a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
1900: Fletcher's article on the “Evolution of the Portable Engine” is published.
1904: Fletcher's 4th book, “English and American Steam Carriages and Traction Engines” is published.
1906: Chief draughtsman with Davey Paxman, Colchester. Fletcher designs all their steam traction engines.
1910: Fletcher retires from active traction and road engine design, aged sixty-two.
1911: Fletcher's article on the “Evolution of the Geared Locomotive” is published.
1918: William Fletcher dies at Cromer, Norfolk, on 22 December 1918, aged 70 years.

References

1848 births
1918 deaths
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
19th-century English engineers