Maria da Graça Carvalho. Maria da Graça Martins da Silva Carvalho (born 9 April 1955) is a Portuguese professor, engineer, and politician of the Social Democratic Party who has been serving as Minister of Environment and Energy in the government of Prime Minister Luís Montenegro since 2024. 

She was a member of the European Parliament in the 2019-2024 term, having held office in the 2009-2014 legislature.

Early life and education
Carvalho has a degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico of the University of Lisbon and a Ph.D. from the Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine in the United Kingdom.

Early career
Carvalho was a professor at the Instituto Superior Técnico in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, in the area of energy, environment, climate change and sustainable development.

Career in national politics
From 2003 to 2005, Carvalho was a member of Portugal's government, first as Minister of Science and Higher Education and later as the Minister of Science, Innovation and Higher Education in the cabinets of successive prime ministers José Manuel Barroso (2003–2004) and Pedro Santana Lopes (2004–2005).

Career in the European Commission
Carvalho acted as adviser to Durão Barroso in his capacity as President of the European Commission from 2006 to 2009.

Member of the European Parliament, 2009–2014
In 2009, Carvalho was elected Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democratic Party, a position she held until 2014. 

Carvalho first served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014 as a representative of Portugal's Social Democratic Party (PSD). She was a member of the Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). In this capacity, she was also the Parliament's rapporteur on the Horizon 2020 research framework program (2014–2020). In addition to her committee assignments, she was a member of the Parliament's delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly.

Return to the European Commission
From November 2014 until December 2015, Carvalho served as an adviser to European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science Carlos Moedas. She later moved as a staff member to the Commission's Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, until 2019.

Member of the European Parliament, 2019–2024
In 2019, Carvalho was again elected to the European Parliament for the 9th parliamentary term (2019-2024).

She integrated the European People’s Party (EPP) group. She was Vice-President of the Committee on Fisheries (PECH). She was a full member of the Industry, Research, and Energy Committee (ITRE) where she was elected Vice Coordinator for the EPP Group. She was a full member of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM), the Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Age (AIDA), and the Delegation for Relations with the United States of America. She was an alternate member of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee (IMCO), the Delegation for Relations with the countries of Central America, the Delegation to the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly, and the Delegation for Relations with the countries of Central Asia.

In the mandate in the European Parliament (2019-2024), she was rapporteur for the Strategic Programme of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), the Single Basic Act covering nine partnerships with industry under the Horizon Europe framework program, the European Partnership for High-Performance Computing and the opinions on the New European Industrial Strategy and the Data Regulation, among others. She was the lead rapporteur for the Regulation on the Protection of the Union against manipulating the wholesale energy market (REMIT). In addition, she was the EPP negotiator of the European Electricity Market Design.

In her activity in this legislature, she had been committed to gender equality issues, having been a negotiator for the European People's Party Group regarding the directive on the participation of women on the boards of directors of listed companies (Women on Boards) and rapporteur, for the FEMM committee, of the report on the Digital Divide between Men and Women, in addition to being involved in several actions aimed at promoting gender equality in all sectors of society.

Return to national politics 
On April 1, 2024 she resigned as an MEP to become Minister of Environment and Energy in the government of Prime Minister Luís Montenegro.

Other activities
 European Network of European Foundations, Advisory Board (since 2023)
 Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, Member of the Executive Board 
 Instituto Francisco Sá Carneiro, Chair of the Board of Directors (since 2020)
 Re-Imagine Europa, Member of the Task Force on Sustainable Agriculture and Innovation (since 2020)
 International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Member of the International Scientific Committee

Recognition
On 8 March 2002, on International Women's Day, Carvalho was decorated with the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Public Instruction by Jorge Sampaio. She was made a Member of the Council of the Orders of Civil Merit on 9 June 2016.

Carvalho is also the recipient of the following awards:
 2022 - Winner of the award for the best Member of the European Parliament in the Future of the EU and Innovation category at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards 
 2021 – Femina Prize of Honour
 2016 – Prize Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, a career prize to honor outstanding women scientists and engineers
 2016 – IUMRS International Union of Materials Research Societies Global Leadership and Service Award
 2012 – Medal of Merit of the City of Beja
 2011 – Prize for the best Member of the European Parliament in the area of Research and Innovation
 2008 – CIRCE Prize, CIRCE Foundation, Saragossa
 2005 – Portuguese Great Cross-Chancellery of the International Order of Merit of the Discoverer of Brazil

References 

1955 births
Academic staff of the University of Lisbon
Living people
MEPs for Portugal 2009–2014
MEPs for Portugal 2019–2024