omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ambient calculus. In computer science, the ambient calculus is a process calculus devised by Luca Cardelli and Andrew D. Gordon in 1998, and used to describe and theorise about concurrent systems that include mobility. Here mobility means both computation carried out on mobile devices (i.e. networks that have a dynamic topology), and mobile computation (i.e. executable code that is able to move around the network). The ambient calculus provides a unified framework for modeling both kinds of mobility. It is used to model interactions in such concurrent systems as the Internet.

Since its inception, the ambient calculus has grown into a family of closely related ambient calculi.

Informal description

Ambients
The fundamental primitive of the ambient calculus is the ambient. An ambient is informally defined as a bounded place in which computation can occur. The notion of boundaries is considered key to representing mobility, since a boundary defines a contained computational agent that can be moved in its entirety. Examples of ambients include: 

 a web page (bounded by a file)
 a virtual address space (bounded by an addressing range)
 a Unix file system (bounded within a physical volume)
 a single data object (bounded by  “self”) 
 a laptop (bounded by its case and data ports)

The key properties of ambients within the Ambient calculus are:

 Ambients have names, which are used to control access to the ambient.
 Ambients can be nested inside other ambients (representing, for example, administrative domains)
 Ambients can be moved as a whole.

Operations
Computation is represented as the crossing of boundaries, i.e. the movement of ambients. There are four basic operations (or capabilities) on ambients:
  instructs the surrounding ambient to enter some sibling ambient , and then proceed as 
  instructs the surrounding ambient to exit its parent ambient 
  instructs the surrounding ambient to dissolve the boundary of an ambient  located at the same level
  makes any number of copies of something 
The ambient calculus provides a reduction semantics that formally defines what the results of these operations are.

Communication within (i.e. local to) an ambient is anonymous and asynchronous. Output actions release names or capabilities into the surrounding ambient. Input actions capture a value from the ambient, and bind it to a variable. Non-local I/O can be represented in terms of these local communications actions by a variety of means. One approach is to use mobile “messenger” agents that carry a message from one ambient to another (using the capabilities described above). Another approach is to emulate channel-based communications by modeling a channel in terms of ambients and operations on those ambients. The three basic ambient primitives, namely in, out, and open are expressive enough to simulate name-passing channels in the π-calculus.

See also 
 Lambda calculus
 Mobile membranes
 Type theory
 API-Calculus

References

External links
Mobile Computational Ambients by Luca Cardelli

Process calculi
Theoretical computer science
Dart 16. The Dart 16 is a one-design 4.80 m long sailing catamaran. It is designed to be sailed by two people. It races off a Portsmouth Yardstick of 863.

History

The Dart 16 Race was first built in 1997.

Design

The Dart 16 is a modern beach catamaran that is fast, affordable, and seaworthy.
Like most Dart catamarans except for the Dart 20 EXP it lacks the main boom, 
as well as daggerboards, spreaders, and complicated trimming mechanisms.

The lower part of the hulls have skegs typical for a beach catamaran. The most noticeable difference 
to the popular Dart 18 and Sprint 15 catamarans is that the hulls are made out of 
Tecrothene, a thermo plastic. This material is very impact- and scratch-resistant, but somewhat
heavier and harder to repair than fiberglass.
The kick-up rudders are similar to the Hobie 16.

The rigging consists of a rotating aero-dynamically shaped aluminum mast 
held by a forestay and two shroud wires. 
There is a trapeze for the crew.

The mainsail does not have a boom. It is fully battened and is controlled by a main sheet with a 6:1 mechanical advantage. The main sheet system has ball-bearing block system with a ratchet and jamming cleat.

The option of a gennaker sail is available.

See also 
 List of multihulls

References

External links
Dart 16 at Performance Sailcraft Europe Ltd 
UKIDA Dart 16 Association 

Catamarans
Dinghies
Sailboat types built by LaserPerformance
Hoverbike. A hoverbike (or hovercycle) is a vehicle that can hover, resembling a flying motorbike, having at least two propulsive portions—one in front of and one behind the driver. It is often used as a staple vehicle in science fiction and near future settings, but since the early 2010s, some attempts have been made at developing a functional, practical hoverbike.

Aeronautic motors
Starting in 2014, Malloy Aeronautics has been developing the Malloy Hoverbike, which uses a quadcopter-like lift.  In 2015, the company announced collaboration with the United States Department of Defense at the Paris Airshow.

In April 2016, British inventor Colin Furze announced he had created a hoverbike using two paramotors.

The Aero-X is a hoverbike designed to carry up to two people.

The Hoversurf Scorpion 3 is a hoverbike launched in 2017. It is used in limited numbers by the Dubai Police Force.

The A.L.I. Technologies XTurismo was on sale in Japan from 2021, and in the United States the following year. It requires a pilot's licence in most countries, but not in Japan. It is considered a proof of concept with 200 to be made, with a smaller version planned for 2025, at a much lower price. The concept existed in Japan since 2000.

A one-person, or unmanned cargo, flying vehicle with four jet motors at the corners using artificial intelligence to maintain stability that has been described as a "flying motorbike" and named "Speeder" was under development in 2022, an idea that emerged from work with the US Navy. , several full-size prototypes had been built, with a top speed of , and flight endurance of 60 minutes.

In fiction
 This concept is commonly used in futuristic cyberpunk games such as Mass Effect 3 or Cyberpunk 2077.
In the Star Wars universe, characters use speeder bikes lifted by repulsorlift engines.
In the video game Heroes of the Storm, heroes can use numerous types of hovercycles as mounts to increase their movement speed on the battlefield.
The video game Grand Theft Auto Online features the Oppressor Mk II, an armed jet-powered hoverbike itself loosely based on the hoverbikes seen in the 2012 film Looper, added to the game in 2018.
 In the television series Kamen Rider Revice, Kamen Rider Revi rode a hoverbike based on the A.L.I. Technologies XTurismo as his main mode of transport.
 The Jet Moto video game series was focused around Hoverbike racing.

See also
 Hoverboard
 Hovercar
 Flying platform
 Ground effect vehicle
 Personal hovercraft

References

Bike
Motorcycle technology
Laves. Laves may refer to:

 Fritz Laves (1906-1978), a German mineralogist and crystallographer, best known for his description of the intermetallic Laves phases.
 Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves (December 15, 1788 – April 30, 1864) a leading neoclassical style German architect, civil engineer and urban planner of the Kingdom of Hanover.
 Gerhardt Laves (July 15, 1906 - March 14, 1993) a graduate student at the University of Chicago and Yale University doing fieldwork on Australian Aboriginal languages.
 Laves phase, a particular class of intermetallic phases
 Laves graph, a periodic spatial graph
 Laves tiling, dual of an Archimedean tiling
Alon Halevy. Alon Yitzchack Halevy (until 2000: Levy) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and a researcher in the area of data integration. He was a research scientist at Google from 2005 to 2015, when he left to become head of Recruit Institute of Technology. He left Recruit in 2018 and joined Facebook AI in 2019. Until 2006, he  was a professor of computer science at the University of Washington, where his doctoral students included Xin Luna Dong and Zachary Ives. He received his PhD from Stanford University in 1993, under the joint supervision of Richard Fikes and Edward Feigenbaum.

He is a fellow of the ACM and a winner of the 2006 VLDB 10-year best paper award. He was a Sloan Fellow, and received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) in 2000. 
He is the founder of two technology companies, Nimble Technology (now Actuate Corporation) and Transformic Inc.

At Google he was involved in Google Fusion Tables.

References

External links

 Alon Halevy's blog: http://alonhalevy.blogspot.com/

Stanford University alumni
University of Washington faculty
Database researchers
American computer scientists
Israeli computer scientists
Living people
Google employees
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Quake-Catcher Network. The Quake-Catcher Network was an initiative run by the University of Southern California that aimed to use computer-based accelerometers to detect earthquakes. It used the BOINC volunteer computing platform (a form of distributed computing, similar to SETI@home).

It supported mobile devices (smartphones and some tablets/laptops) that have a built-in accelerometer.  It also supported three external USB devices  - the codemercs.com JoyWarrior 24F8, the ONavi sensor, and the MotionNode Accel.

In 2011, project scientist Elizabeth Cochran was awarded a Presidential Early Career Award from US President Barack Obama in large part due to her founding of the Quake-Catcher Network project.

The Quake Catcher Network project started at Stanford University in 2008, then moved to Caltech, and joined the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) in 2016. The Quake-Catcher Network was discontinued on June 1st 2023

References

External links 
 Interactive world map, showing recent earthquakes (day/week/month) – result of QCN

Science in society
Free science software
Volunteer computing projects
Glasgow Industrial Airport. Glasgow Industrial Airport  is a private airport located 14 nautical miles (16 miles or 26 km) northeast of the central business district of Glasgow, a city in Valley County, Montana, United States.

The airport is located on the site of the former Glasgow Air Force Base which was in operation from 1957 to 1968, then again from 1972 to 1976.

The Boeing Company operates a Flight Test Facility at this airport, which is maintained and operated by the Montana Aviation Research Company (MARCO), a Boeing subsidiary.

Facilities 
Glasgow Industrial Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 2,762 feet (842 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 11/29 with a 13,500 ft by 300 ft (4,115 m x 91 m) concrete surface.

See also 
 List of airports in Montana

References

External links 

Airports in Montana
Buildings and structures in Valley County, Montana
Transportation in Valley County, Montana
Boeing
China Construction Design International. CCDI Group () is a Chinese multinational architecture and engineering consulting firm that provides integrated professional services for urban construction and development headquartered in Shanghai. Its business units cover broad industry sectors with diverse specialized expertise. CCDI operates cross-regionally with offices in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Sydney, New York City, Qingdao, and Suzhou with branches and representative offices in Chongqing, Nanjing and twenty other cities in China. Over the years, CCDI has established strong client relationships with most major developers, enterprises, and city governments. Founded in 1994, CCDI is a subsidiary of the privately owned construction and engineering firm, China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSEC).

From 1994 to 2002, CCDI's work focused on the south China market, working on residential projects and public facilities such as exhibition halls and sports arenas. But, in 2003, CCDI and a consortium of other firms, won an architectural competition with the innovative design of the Beijing National Aquatics Center which was constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Since then, CCDI has experienced substantial growth.

In 2013, CCDI acquired PTW Architects, a privately owned Australian-based architectural firm with expanding business interests in China and Southeast Asia.

CCDI employs more than thousand architects, engineers, planners, project managers as well as design and management consultants to offer various critical services of strategic planning, design, development, construction, and operations related to buildings, transportation, and industries.

Selected projects
Beijing National Aquatics Center (2007)
Beijing Olympic Green Tennis Center (2007)
National Tennis Center
Ping'an Financial Center
 Shanghai Rockbund Reconstruction Project
 Jinan Olympic Center
 Hangzhou Olympic Center
 Dameisha Vanke Center
 Tencent Headquarters
 Alibaba Headquarters
 Baidu Headquarters
 Harbin West Railway Station
 Beijing Kunlun Apartment
 Shenzhen City Crossing Complex
 Tianjin Cruise Terminal
 Shanghai International Tourism Resorts

References

External links
CCDI Architects: Designing China's Future by Victoria Mulgrave (2008 Images Publishing)

Government-owned companies of China
Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Architecture firms of China
Companies based in Shanghai
Chinese companies established in 1994
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1994
1994 establishments in China
Peter DiMaggio. Peter DiMaggio is an American architect and expert on the design of blast-resistant buildings.  He was the lead engineer for construction of the U.S. embassies in Moscow, Berlin and Baghdad. He is currently the co-CEO of engineering firm Thornton Tomasetti.

Education 
DiMaggio attended Columbia University where he studied engineering and played on the men's soccer team. He graduated in 1992 with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and later earned a master's degree in structural engineering from Columbia. He had an outstanding collegiate soccer career, being named a 1990 second-team All-American and the 1991 Ivy League Player of the Year as well as first-team All-American. He is of Italian ancestry.

Career
In 1994, DiMaggio was hired by Weidlinger, an engineering company based out of New York City.  Since then he has steadily established himself as an expert in designing blast-resistant buildings and structures.  

He was the lead engineer for the construction of the U.S. embassies in Moscow, Berlin and Baghdad as well as Valeo's technical center in Michigan and the Claremont Tower in New Jersey.  In January 2006, DiMaggio was named a principal in Weidlinger. In addition to his work with Weidlinger, DiMaggio also sits on the board of directors of the Structural Engineers Association of New York and is co-chairman of their Codes and Standards committee.

References

External links 
 Engineering profile

Living people
All-American college men's soccer players
American men's soccer players
Columbia Lions men's soccer players
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
American civil engineers
American structural engineers
American people of Italian descent
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Year of birth missing (living people)
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Dexter Kozen. Dexter Campbell Kozen (born December 20, 1951) is an American theoretical computer scientist. He is Professor Emeritus and Joseph Newton Pew, Jr. Professor in Engineering at Cornell University.

Career 
Kozen received his BA in mathematics from Dartmouth College in 1974 and his PhD in computer science in 1977 from Cornell University, where he was advised by Juris Hartmanis on the thesis, Complexity of Finitely Presented Algebras.

He is known for his work at the intersection of logic and complexity. He is one of the fathers of dynamic logic and developed the version of the modal μ-calculus most used today. His work on Kleene algebra with tests was recognized with an Alonzo Church Award in 2022. Moreover, he has written several textbooks on the theory of computation, automata theory, dynamic logic, and algorithms.

Kozen was a guitarist, singer, and songwriter in the band "Harmful if Swallowed". He also holds the position of faculty advisor for Cornell's rugby football club.

Awards and honors
 John G. Kemeny Prize in Computing, Dartmouth College (1974)
 Outstanding Innovation Award, IBM Corporation (1974)
 Fellow, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (1991)
 Stephen and Margery Russell Distinguished Teaching Award, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell (2001)
 ACM Fellow, for contributions to theoretical computer science (2003)
 Fellow, AAAS (2008)
 2001 LICS Test-of-Time Award for the paper "A completeness theorem for Kleene algebras and the algebra of regular events" (2011)
 Faculty of the Year, ACSU (Association of Computer Science Undergraduates at Cornell) (2013)
 Radboud Excellence professorship at the Radboud University Nijmegen (2014)
 Fellow, EATCS (2015)
 EATCS Distinguished Achievements Award (2016)
 McDowell Award, for groundbreaking contributions to topics ranging from computational complexity to the analysis of algebraic computations to logics of programs and verification (2016)
 Weiss Presidential Fellow (2018)
 POPL Distinguished Paper Award for the paper "Guarded Kleene algebra with tests: verification of uninterpreted programs in nearly linear time" (2020)
 Alonzo Church Award, for his fundamental work on developing the theory and applications of Kleene Algebra with Tests, an equational system for reasoning about iterative programs, published in the paper "Kleene algebra with tests" (2022)
 OOPSLA Distinguished Paper Award for the paper "Formal abstractions for packet scheduling" (2023)

References

External links
 Dexter Kozen's homepage

2003 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Living people
American theoretical computer scientists
Cornell University faculty
Cornell University alumni
Dartmouth College alumni
American computer scientists
Computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
1951 births
Academic staff of Radboud University Nijmegen
Adobe Pixel Bender. Adobe Pixel Bender, previously codenamed Hydra, is a programming language created by Adobe Systems for the description of image processing algorithms. The syntax is based on GLSL, and a Pixel Bender program is analogous to an OpenGL fragment shader, and is intended to be a loosely typed version of C++.

Adobe Systems' Adobe Pixel Bender Toolkit is the IDE for scripting with Pixel Bender. Pixel Bender programs are intended to be used in a number of Adobe products, and was supported by After Effects (through CS5) and Flash Player. The Pixel Bender Toolkit was bundled with Adobe's Creative Suite, and allowed programs to be created and tested. It is available as a free standalone from Adobe's website.

In addition to its primary purpose of image processing, Pixel Bender can also be used for general mathematical operations which would benefit from the hardware acceleration that it provides. An example of this is audio processing.

See also
 Stage3D

References 

Pixel Bender
Pixel Bender
Bad Science (Taubes book). Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion is book of science history by Gary Taubes about the early years (1989–1991) of the cold fusion controversy.

Overview
This text is not a scholarly work, but a popular retelling of the events, based on interviews with over 260 people. The book presents a timeline of the events, making the case that the cold fusion field has many examples of poorly performed science. The actions of Martin Fleischmann, Stanley Pons, and Steven E. Jones, the scientists who made the dramatic first claims of fusion, are described in rich detail. The book then shows the worldwide reaction and later disrepute of the cold fusion field, with Taubes placing himself in the side of "good science". Taubes says at the end that cold fusion had only demonstrated that research can continue even if the phenomenon doesn't actually exist, as long as there is funding available. Taubes had previously written an article for Science in which he insinuates that the cold fusion work of A&M University was fraudulent.

Reception

The book received a positive review in American Journal of Physics. While observing that the book was "readable, suspenseful, and insightful", the reviewer criticized it for including too many footnotes (over 300), some of which were deemed unimportant.

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 

1993 non-fiction books
American history books
Popular physics books
Cold fusion
History books about science
20th-century history books
Moe Z. Win. Moe Z. Win (, ) is a Burmese-American mathematician and electrical engineer known for his work in wireless communications. He is currently a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

His current research topics include network localization and navigation, network interference exploitation, and quantum information science. He has served the IEEE Communications Society as an elected Member-at-Large on the Board of Governors , as elected Chair of the Radio Communications Committee, and as an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer . Recently, he served on the SIAM Diversity Advisory Committee.

His awards and recognitions include the following:
 2004 IEEE Fellow – "For contributions to wideband wireless transmission".
 
 2006 co-recipient (with Professor Robert A. Scholtz of USC, who was also his PhD advisor) of IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contributions to communications technology – "For pioneering contributions to ultra-wide band communications science and technology".
 2007 Global Wireless Education Consortium Wireless Educator of the Year Award.
 2011 IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award (IEEE Institution-level Award) – "For contributions to high-speed reliable communications using optical and wireless channels".

References

External links 
 Moe Z. Win – Aero-Astro faculty page at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
 Wireless Communication and Network Sciences Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
University of Southern California alumni
Texas A&M University alumni
Scientists at Bell Labs
Fellows of the IEEE
Burmese scientists
Burmese emigrants to the United States
American telecommunications engineers
Electrical engineering academics
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers