omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brightwork. Brightwork also known historically as "bright work" refers to the exposed and varnished wood or metal work of a boat. The metal is usually brass or bronze that is kept polished, or stainless steel, which requires less maintenance. In the past, due to the environmental exposure experienced by boats, corrosion and UV damage made maintaining brightwork both Sisyphean and extremely labor-intensive. However, with the development of improved UV-absorbers and filters in the chemical composition of the various marine varnishes (spar varnish, polyurethane, or linear polyurethane), this work is not as intensive as it once was. Varnished finishes are maintained by sanding and re-finishing, and metalwork is maintained by polishing.

Popular culture
The demanding labor of brightwork maintenance has been a storied part of maritime life for some 250 years, since before the days of William Mountaine and The Seaman's Vade-Mecum (first published 1744). As a result, it is occasionally referred to in the broader culture. For example, in the song "When I was a Lad" from the Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera, H.M.S. Pinafore, in which Sir Joseph Porter, the First Lord of the Admiralty, recounts that he climbed the political ladder in large part by his ability to "polish up the handle of the big front door". Lord Nelson might have cast a jaundiced eye on such an attitude, but surely those brave boat owners who persevere in completing their own brightwork varnishing project will feel that they have "gained the most splendid and decisive victory", albeit one that was perhaps "dearly purchased".

References 

Nautical terminology
Sailboat components
Bear Valley Electric. The Bear Valley Electric Service Inc. (BVES),  is the utility that provides electricity to the Big Bear valley in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, United States.  It is a subsidiary of the American States Water Company.

History
Bear Valley Electric Service was established in the Big Bear Valley in 1929.

References

External links
 

Electric power companies of the United States
Big Bear Valley
Energy in California
Companies based in San Bernardino County, California
Viktor Ivannikov. Viktor Petrovich Ivannikov (; 27 February 1940 – 27 November 2016) was a Russian computer scientist, a member of Russian Academy of Sciences, the head of System Programming Chair for the Institute for System Programming, head of the Departments of system programming at the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Scientific achievements
Viktor Ivannikov worked for Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering from 1962 to 1980, starting as a computer technician, leaving as a distinguished engineer, where he developed D-68 (operating system) operating system for BESM-6 computer. After that he worked for Delta research facility where he led the development of distributed operating systems and supercomputers.

Interests
Viktor Ivannikov interests include: system programming, computer architecture, and operating systems.

External links
 Viktor Ivannikov — scientific works on the website Math-Net.Ru
 RAS person page
 System Programming Chair

1940 births
2016 deaths
Russian computer scientists
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Academic staff of the Higher School of Economics
People from Stupinsky District
Software Engineering Programme. Software Engineering Programme is a centre for advanced education and applied research at the  Department of Computer Science of the University of Oxford. It teaches the principles of modern software engineering, together with the tools, methods, and techniques that support their application. The current Director of Software Engineering Programme is Professor Jim Davies

History
The Programme has its origins in the industrial courses presented by the Computing Laboratory—the computing science department of the University of Oxford—during the 1980s.

Courses
The Programme offer a variety of courses, each addressing a different aspect of software engineering, which are organized into three themes, namely:
 Software Engineering Methods
Software Engineering Tools
Software and System Security.

Awards
The courses offered by the Programme may be used as credit towards a master's degree (MSc) from University of Oxford. There are two Masters' awards available: the MSc in Software Engineering, and the specialised MSc in Software and Systems Security. Both awards require the successful completion of 10 courses, together with a Masters'-level project and dissertation.

People
Most of the courses are taught by University lecturers, with assistance from dedicated teams of researchers and administrators. There are also a number of subject specialists who teach courses in their particular areas of expertise.

References

Departments of the University of Oxford
Black sugar. Black sugar is a form of crystalline precipitate or a particulate pollution by-product unique from creosote caused by the burning of low grade coal in the 1940–1960s. The outgas from burning coal would be a by-product (burning coal was used in residential forced hot air furnaces) for the heating of family housing. Black sugar was often found on porches and the cold ductwork and caused the high carbon, soot-loaded gas to precipitate on the floors and walls and crystallize. Outward appearance was that of very fine, shiny coal, but would not combust when exposed to flames. After a time, the crystalline material would become powdered, to the consistency of white cane sugar, but retain a fine, shiny, black texture, thus the name "black sugar".  The material would often be cleaned from duct work by chimney sweeps or cleaning staff on a regular basis in the Beaver-Ambridge-Monaca area of Pennsylvania along the Ohio River near Pittsburgh.

References

Coal
Pollution
William Hamond Bartholomew. William Hamond Bartholomew (30 January 1831 – 19 November 1919) was an engineer in West Yorkshire, England who was responsible for the expansion of the Aire and Calder Navigation in the 19th century and invented a number of improvements in coal-handling which led to the expansion of Goole as one of the largest exporters of coal in the country.

Early life
His father, Thomas Hamond Bartholomew, was the chief engineer of the Aire and Calder Navigation, which was the transport hub of the expanding Yorkshire industry based on Leeds, Sheffield and the Yorkshire coalfields, from 1825 to 1853. William was born at Lake Lock, Stanley, West Yorkshire and was appointed as engineer of the company at the age of 22, on the death of his father at a period when the company was generating up to 150% dividends to its shareholders.

At the age of 29 he married Maria Wilson with whom he had two daughters and a son.

Canal Engineer and Inventor
During his time as engineer he oversaw the rebuilding of the navigation with all the locks being lengthened to cope with increased tonnages, an unusual event in British canal history, and paving the way for future increases in the 20th century.

As early as 1852 he proposed that steam boats be introduced on the navigation as cargo-carrying tugs and in 1857 he introduced the first two such tugs.
In the 1860s he proposed and supervised the expansion of the ship lock at Goole and patented a scheme for compartment boats commonly known as Tom Puddings. This improved the efficiency of carrying coal from the coalfields at Knottingley, eventually allowing 4 men to control 800 tons of cargo. By 1913 there were over 1,000 of these boats in use transporting 1.5m tons of coal annually. He constructed mechanical hoists at Goole so that the contents of the boats could be transferred to ships mechanically, one of the first such transhipment schemes in the world.

In the 1880s he carried out the Ouse improvement project, training the banks between Goole and Trent Falls with thousands of tons of stone. The Victoria entrance to Goole docks was opened to take boats up to  long.

One of his last functions was to direct the construction of the Sheffield and South Yorkshire New Junction Canal between 1896 and 1905.

References

English canal engineers
English inventors
1831 births
1919 deaths
People from Wakefield
Engineers from Yorkshire
19th-century English engineers
20th-century English engineers
Zhejiang Wanli Education Group. Zhejiang Wanli Education Group (浙江省万里教育集团) is a private company located in the city of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

About

In June 1993, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group took over an engineer school on the verge of bankruptcy and established an international school whose offer ranges from kindergarten to higher education. 

In a decade or so, due to a rapidly increasing demand, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group reached an enrollment level of 24,000 students, with a teaching and administrative staff of 2,100 people. 

Using a land surface of 3000 mu (200 hectares), Zhejiang Wanli Education Group built a surface area of 1 million square meters. In the context of the educational reforms and modernization policies, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group claims to be an experimental institution which is implementing a new kind of management model "centered on the students". After achieving a relative level of recognition in primary and secondary education, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group is now trying to upgrade its higher education offer, notably through a joint-venture initiated in 2004 with the University of Nottingham in the UK.

At the moment, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group's higher education offer in the city of Ningbo is divided between the Chinese-speaking and English-speaking campuses which are located in the same district of Yinzhou: 

Zhejiang Wanli university (浙江万里学院) 

University of Nottingham Ningbo, China (UNNC) 

At the provincial level, Zhejiang Wanli Education Group may be compared with similar education groups like Hangzhou's Greentown (浙江绿城教育投资有限公司) which also operates a large network of schools from kindergarten to secondary education.

External links
 Wanli Education Group(in Chinese only)
 Zhejiang Wanli Institute (Law School, English version)
 Greentown Education Group (in Chinese only)

Education in Ningbo
Research Studios Austria. The Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (RSA FG) is a non-profit research institution in the area of eTechnologies and Smart Media. It currently operates a network of five research units called Studios cooperating with and creating research synergies among universities in Vienna, Linz, Salzburg and Innsbruck.

The RSA FG undertakes applied research projects. The research and development conducted at the Research Studios Austria is based on a process of rapid prototyping and a special research approach MIR (Modular Iterative Re-framing).

The Research Studios Austria FG competes for national and European research grants and funding in research excellence. It does contract research for clients in the private and public sectors and it receives the funding for its independent research from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research.

The current director is Peter A. Bruck.

History

The Research Studios Austria have been established in 2003, and were part of the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) formerly known as Austrian Research Centers (ARC) until Spring of 2008. In April 2008, the Research Studios Austria were spun out into a new company and the Research Studios Austria Forschungsgesellschaft mbH was founded.

Branches

Currently five different Studios are working in applied ICT research:

 Inter-Organisational Systems: eGovernment-eBusiness (IOS, Vienna)
 iSPACE (Salzburg)
 MicroLearning & Information Environments (MINE, Innsbruck/Salzburg/Linz/Vienna)
 Pervasive Computing Applications (PCA, Linz/Vienna)
 Smart Agent Technologies (SAT, Vienna)

Footnotes

External links
 Official Website

Artificial intelligence laboratories
Research institutes in Austria
Laboratories in Austria
University School of Information, Communication and Technology. University School of Information, Communication and Technology (formerly University School of Information Technology) is a constituent institute of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University located in Delhi, India.

Academics

Academic Programmes 

The Institute offers Dual Degree B.Tech/M.Tech ( in CSE, IT and ECE), Master of Technology in Robotics and Automation Engineering the emerging branch of future technologies, Master of Computer Applications ( Software Engineer ), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

See also
List of courses and colleges affiliated with GGSIPU
Education in Delhi

References

 *^"Vice-Chancellor,  Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". ipu.ac.in 
 ^"Admission Brochure 2022-2023, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". 
 ^"Admission Portal, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". 
 ^"University Central Library, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". 
 ^"Main Campus-Dwarka, University Campus, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". 
 ^"list of programs offered in different discipline-USICT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University". 
 ^"Scheme_Syllabus-USICT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University".

External links

Constituent schools of Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Educational institutions established in 1999
Information technology schools in India
Engineering colleges in Delhi
1999 establishments in Delhi
Special Science Senior Secondary School. Special Science Senior Secondary School is a Senior Secondary School (ages 15–18) in Makurdi, Nigeria, specialising in science education.  It is a government school founded in 1995 by David Ker, later vice chancellor of Benue State University, with the aim of enhancing science education in the state. The school has a comprehensive library, and hostels for boarding students.

The school has been involved in research as well as teaching, with teacher Ahura Simeon inventing a "multipurpose solar energy device" in 2009 as part of a national competition organised by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Mobil and the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria. over hundreds of the students are highly recommend in their various areas of discipline.

References

Educational institutions established in 1995
Secondary schools in Benue State
1995 establishments in Nigeria
Shukhov. Shukhov refers to:

 Boris Shukhov (*8 May 1947), a retired Soviet cyclist
 Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939), a Russian engineer-polymath, scientist and architect. 

Various structures in Russia and an industrial process bear his name: 
Structures:
 Shukhov Tower, Moscow
 Shukhov Rotunda
 Shukhov tower on the Oka River, Nizhny Novgorod
Industrial process:
 Shukhov cracking process
Plane Driven PD-1. The Plane Driven PD-1 is a modification to the Glasair Sportsman 2+2 to convert it into a practical roadable aircraft. The approach is novel in that it uses a mostly stock aircraft with a modified landing gear "pod" that carries a separate engine for road propulsion.

The PD-1's wings fold along its sides, and the main landing gear and road engine pod slide aft along special rails, creating a driving configuration. The driving configuration compensates for the rearward center of gravity created by the folded wings, and provides additional stability for road travel.

Development 

Trey Johnson, an award-winning homebuilt aircraft builder took on the challenge of making a roadable aircraft. The PD-1 is intended to be an aircraft first, and a car second. The vehicle can cruise at a speed of up to 140 mph in normal flight even with the road engine sitting as dead weight.

Design 

The engine pod carries a separate engine for road travel with its own fuel tank. The wheels are driven through an automatic transmission with a reverse gear. The lightweight fuselage coupled with a low power engine allows  fuel economy with  of usable fuel. The aircraft is registered in Washington state as a motorcycle due to its 3-wheel configuration.

The wings are hinged to allow them to rotate and fold back against the rear fuselage of the plane. The horizontal stabilizer is also hinged to reduce the width of the vehicle in road travel mode.

Operational history 

The prototype was constructed using Glasair's two weeks to taxi program. It was started on March 29, 2010, and the modified prototype was test flown by July 21, 2010.

The prototype was displayed at the Experimental Aircraft Association Airventure airshow in 2010. The company's second generation refinement was code named the PD-X, with intention of building a marketable aircraft based on the PD-X test results.

Variants 

PD-1  
PD-2 A second generation version of the PD-1 using the same Sportsman airframe as the PD-1. The PD-2 uses two forward mounted wheels with suspension in a conventional landing gear layout. A single rear wheel is mounted aft on the pod containing the second engine for road use. An updated pod was developed using a 50 hp four strokes engine with casters that fits into the baggage compartment. A custom lightweight four-piece carbon-fiber ramp can be used to load the pod without lifting. Gas mileage is 24mpg in ground use.

Specifications PD-1

References

External links 

Roadable aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
PD-1
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2010
2010s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Mahdi S. Hantush. DR. Mahdi S. Hantush (1921–1984) was a prominent Iraqi-born American hydrologist known for his analytical work on leaky aquifers and well hydraulics. He was the founder of the New Mexico Tech Hydrology Program. His granddaughter is Yasmin Younis, the 2018 Student Commencement Speaker at Boston University’s 185th Commencement, which went viral all over the Middle East. His Son, Mohamed Hantush, is a Civil Engineer for the Environmental Protection Agency and resides in Cincinnati Ohio

Academic
DR. Mahdi Hantush earned his first degree as a civil engineer from American University In Beirut, Lebanon. He then moved to the United States, where he obtained an MSc. in Irrigation Engineering at UC Berkeley in 1947. He followed this up with a doctorate in civil engineering at the University of Utah under C.E. Jacob.
In 1954 Hantush received a call to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology where he developed one of the first graduate programs in Groundwater Hydrology. He headed the New Mexico Tech Hydrology Program for over a decade, during which time it attracted students from all over the world.

Professional
As a civil engineer, Hantush began his professional career as an irrigation engineer in Iraq. This work provided him with practical experience and an appreciation for the problems involved in the development and management of water resources.

Honors and awards
O.E. Meinzer Award, 1968
New Mexico Tech has honored his memory by creating the "Mahdi Hantush Memorial Fellowship"

See also

Well test
New Mexico Tech
Meinzer Award

References
http://www.ees.nmt.edu/hantush/

Iraqi hydrologists
1921 births
1984 deaths
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology faculty
Iraqi expatriates in Lebanon
American University of Beirut alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Iraqi emigrants to the United States
32nd Small Ship Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers. The 32nd Small Ship Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers was an amphibious unit of the Royal Australian Engineers. They were formed in 1959 to operate the four LSM-1 class Landing Ship Medium purchased from the United States Navy. The ships were sold in 1971 and the unit was disbanded.

Ships of the 32nd Small Ship Squadron
Harry Chauvel (AV 1353)
Brudenell White (AV 1354)
Vernon Sturdee (AV 1355)
Clive Steele (AV 1356)
John Monash (AS 3051)
Mollymawk (AT 2383)

References
Gillett, Ross. "Australia's Medium Landing Ships. The Galloping Green Ghosts". Australian Warship Review (9/2001).

Army engineer units and formations of Australia
Military units and formations established in 1959
Military units and formations disestablished in 1971
Impulse generator. An impulse generator is an electrical apparatus which produces very short high-voltage or high-current surges. Such devices can be classified into two types: impulse voltage generators and impulse current generators. High impulse voltages are used to test the strength of electric power equipment against lightning and switching surges. Also, steep-front impulse voltages are sometimes used in nuclear physics experiments. High impulse currents are needed not only for tests on equipment such as lightning arresters and fuses but also for many other technical applications such as lasers, thermonuclear fusion, and plasma devices.

Jedlik's tubular voltage generator 

In 1863 Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik discovered the possibility of voltage multiplication and in 1868 demonstrated it with a "tubular voltage generator", which was successfully displayed at the Vienna World Exposition in 1873. It was an early form of the impulse generators now applied in nuclear research.

The jury of the World Exhibition of 1873 in Vienna awarded his voltage multiplying condenser of cascade connection with prize "For Development". Through this condenser, Jedlik framed the principle of surge generator of cascaded connection. (The Cascade connection was another important invention of Ányos Jedlik.)

Marx generator 
One form is the Marx generator, named after Erwin Otto Marx, who first proposed it in 1923. This consists of multiple capacitors that are first charged in parallel through charging resistors as by a high-voltage, direct-current source and then connected in series and discharged through a test object by a simultaneous spark-over of the spark gaps. The impulse current generator comprises many capacitors that are also charged in parallel by a high-voltage, low-current, direct-current source, but it is discharged in parallel through resistances, inductances, and a test object by a spark gap.

See also 
 Pulsed power
 Pulse-forming network
 Marx generator
 Cockcroft–Walton generator
 Fuse (electrical)
 Laser
 Nuclear fusion
 Particle accelerator
 Plasma (physics)

References

Electronic engineering
Hungarian inventions