omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
20-pair colour code (Australia). The 20-pair colour code is a colour code used in Australia to identify individual conductors in a kind of electrical telecommunication wiring for indoor use, known as twisted pair cables. The colours are applied to the insulation that covers each conductor. The first colour is chosen from one group of five colours.

The combinations are also shown in the table below showing the colour for each wire ("1" and "2") and the pair number.

The Australian standard specifies grey in Tables B2 to B7. There are systems in other countries where slate is used rather than grey. This is perceived as a minimisation of confusion between green and grey and their potential abbreviations: G, Gr, or Gre. No such consideration is made for black, blue, or brown, or their potential abbreviations of B, Bl, or Br.

Sources
 www.commsalliance.com.au

See also
 25-pair colour code

Color codes
Telephony equipment
Telecommunications in Australia
Zeppelin Rammer. The Zeppelin Rammer () was a design proposal by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin intended to use aerial ramming against the allied bombers  attacking Nazi Germany during World War II.

Description
A rocket-powered small aircraft with straight, constant-chord wings, the aircraft was to be towed or carried aloft by another aircraft and released when near enemy bombers. Igniting a Schmidding 533 solid-fuel rocket engine, it was to make a first attacking pass using the 14 nose-mounted R4M 55 mm   rockets, before attempting to ram the enemy bomber's wings or tail. The aircraft was expected to survive the ramming of the bomber, owing to the strength of its wing which had a steel leading edge. It would have landed on a retractable skid.

Owing to the high risk for the pilot inherent in its operation this aircraft is sometimes referred to as a suicide weapon, however it was originally not intended as such.  After January 1945 an order for sixteen prototypes was placed but the Zeppelin factory was subsequently destroyed by bombers, ending all work on the project.

See also

References

External links 
Flying rams
Zeppelin Rammer model (in Russian)

Rocket-powered aircraft
1940s German experimental aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Ryōichi Yazu. was a Japanese inventor. He is best known for his invention of Japan's first mechanical calculator.

Birth and education 
Ryōichi Yazu was born in Buzen, Fukuoka as the son of a village mayor.
He attended primary and middle school in his home village of Iwaya and the city of Buzen.
At the age of 16 he left middle school and travelled to Osaka to pursue his interest in flight, studying mathematics and engineering at a private school in Osaka. 
 
At the age of 22 he returned to Buzen and began work on a thesis on the mechanics of flight.  Two years later he brought the thesis and a model of his calculator on a visit to the novelist and army physician Mori Ōgai.

Impressed, Ōgai wrote recommendations that led to a special research position at the Tokyo Imperial College of Engineering, where he worked on the design of a propeller-driven airplane.

Mechanical calculator 
In March 1902 Yazu applied for a patent on his mechanical calculator, called the
Yazu Arithmometer. It was a gear type calculator with a single cylinder and 22 gears,
capable of arithmetic calculations up to 16 digits, with automatic carry and end of calculation functions. A special feature was that it accepted input in the biquinary number system familiar to users of the soroban (Japanese abacus).

The patent was granted in 1903, and a shop was established to manufacture it. About 200 units were produced and sold, mainly to government agencies, including the Ministry of War, the Home Ministry, the statistics bureau, and agricultural experiment stations, and also to companies such as Nippon Railway.
The calculator was expensive, costing 250 yen, more than ten times the monthly salary of a newspaper reporter or lower-level government official.
 
Yazu invested the profits in a factory to build his airplane. But that project was abandoned after his untimely death from pleurisy at the age of 31.

One of the calculators is preserved in the Kitakyūshū City Museum of Literature. In 2008 the Yazu Arithmometer was listed as item No. 30 in the Mechanical Engineering Heritage (Japan).

See also 
 Earliest calculators
Chūhachi Ninomiya

Notes

References

External links 
 Mechanical Calculating Machine (Automatic Abacus) Description of the calculator in the Computer Museum of the Information Processing Society of Japan.

Japanese inventors
Japanese aerospace engineers
Aviation inventors
Aviation pioneers
Aerodynamicists
1878 births
1908 deaths
People from Buzen, Fukuoka
Advanced Technology Vehicle. The Advanced Technology Vehicle is a modified Indian sounding rocket developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is based on the Rohini-560 rocket. The ATV program was created to test the development of a native dual-mode air-breathing scramjet engine. , ISRO has flown two test missions.

ATV-01
On 3 March 2010 at 03:00 UTC, ISRO conducted the first test flight of the Advanced Technology vehicle, designated ATV-D01. It weighed  at lift-off, and measured  long with a diameter of . It carried a passive scramjet engine combustor module as a demonstration of the air-breathing propulsion technology. The ATV successfully reached Mach 6 for seven seconds and maintained a dynamic pressure of .

ATV-02
On 28 August 2016 at 00:30 UTC, the second test flight, designated ATV-D02, was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. Massing , the rocket carried an active scramjet engine demonstrator. At 55 seconds into the flight, the scramjets ignited at Mach 6 and functioned for about 5 seconds. The flight lasted a total of about 300 seconds and splashed down in the Bay of Bengal approximately  from the space centre.

Flame was sustained in one engine for 18 seconds and in the other for 14 seconds, producing net positive thrust.

ATV-03 
On 23 July 2024, ISRO effectively concluded the experimental flight demonstration of air breathing propulsion technology. Air Breathing Propulsion systems were symmetrically placed on both sides of the RH-560 sounding rocket used in the experiment. The Air Breathing propulsion systems were ignited successfully and the test performed satisfactorily. 110 parameters were extensively watched during the flight to evaluate the propulsion system's performance.

See also

 RLV Technology Demonstration Programme

References

External links

Sounding rockets of India
Scramjet-powered aircraft
2010s in India
2010 in spaceflight
2016 in spaceflight
Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Bavarian Gts 2x3/3. The Bavarian Class Gts 2x3/3 was a former narrow gauge, German Army, military railway, steam locomotive that was in service on the narrow gauge line from Eichstätt to Kinding.

The State railway locomotive 

The locomotive was built in 1917 by Henschel & Sohn in Kassel under works number 15160 for the German Army's field railways. After the end of World War I the engine was sold to the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn). It was designated as Class Gts 2x3/3 and was given the number 996. It was employed on the Eichstätt–Kinding narrow gauge route. After the take over of the German state railways by the Deutsche Reichsbahn it was given the number 99 201 and classified as DRG Class 99.20.

In order not to exceed the permitted axle load, the locomotive was equipped with six axles, which were grouped into two groups of three, each with its own driving gear. This compound engine was of the Mallet locomotive type. The preheater was located in front of the chimney and lay parallel to the axis of the locomotive.

The engine could carry 1.5 tonnes of coal and 4.5 m2 of water.

After the conversion of its home line, Eichstätt–Kinding, to standard gauge in 1934 the locomotive was withdrawn from service and later scrapped.

Background information to the locomotive class

Army field railway locomotives 

Locomotive 99 201 was one of a total of 20 engines, that Henschel delivered to the German Army for their field railways. Several of the machines were destroyed in the war, others were abandoned abroad, for example in France. Several engines of this series were employed on the Hedjaz railway from Damascus to Medina.

Copies 

After World War I Henschel produced two further copies of this class:

In 1925 locomotive 104 was built for the line from Zell im Wiesental to Todtnau run by the South German Railway Company (Süddeutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). This engine was sold to the Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway in Switzerland in 1967.
In 1928 locomotive no. 12s was delivered to the Alb valley railway. In 1934 this engine then went to the Brohl valley railway. It was scrapped there in 1957.

Unlike the original German Army field railway engines, the copies were built as saturated steam locomotives.

Preserved examples 

No. 104, formerly of the Zell-Todtnau Railway was in service with the Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway at the eastern end of lake Geneva. As of September 2021 the locomotive is under restoration and can be seen in the railway museum there.

Mallet locomotives 413 and 414 of the Chemin de fer du Vivarais do not belong to this class. The two engines were built in the 1930s in Alsace.

See also 
 Royal Bavarian State Railways
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References 

Mallet locomotives
Gts 2×3 3
Metre gauge steam locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1917
Henschel locomotives
0-6-6-0 locomotives
C′C h4vt locomotives
Freight locomotives
Punt dal Gall Dam. Punt dal Gall is an arch dam located in Livigno valley, 10.5 km northeast of the Italian town of Livigno. It lies at the border between the Italian region of Lombardy and the Swiss canton of Grisons.

As of June 2008, the dam's crown holds a toll that takes payment for crossing the Munt La Schera Tunnel, which connects Livigno and the Engadin valley.

References

Dams in Italy
Arch dams
Dams completed in 1968
Zernez
USS Coasters Harbor. USS Coasters Harbor (AG-74) was a Basilan-class miscellaneous auxiliary acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was configured as a repair ship and sent to the Pacific Ocean just as the war ended. She was retained to participate in atomic testing at Bikini Atoll.

Constructed in Portland, Maine 
Coasters Harbor was launched 17 November 1944 by New England Shipbuilding Corporation, South Portland, Maine, under a U.S. Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. M. M. Naples; transferred to the Navy 26 November 1944; commissioned the same day, ferried to Todd Shipbuilding Company, Brooklyn, New York; decommissioned 30 November 1944 for conversion to an electronics repair ship; and was recommissioned 29 July 1945.

World War II-related service 
Sailing from Norfolk, Virginia, 29 August, Coasters Harbor reached San Diego, California, 19 September and Sasebo, Japan, 31 October. She remained there servicing vessels of the occupation force until 5 March 1946.

Atomic testing at Bikini Atoll
Coasters Harbor sailed westward to take part in Operation Crossroads. Following the atomic weapons tests Coasters Harbor returned to the U.S. West Coast, arriving at San Pedro, California, 14 September.

Post-war decommissioning
She was placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego, California, 3 July 1947. She was redesignated AKS-22, 18 August 1951 and stricken from the Navy List on 1 April 1960.

References

 
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Coasters Harbor (AG-74)

Basilan-class auxiliary ships
Ships built in Portland, Maine
1944 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Liberty ships
William J. McAlpine. William Jarvis McAlpine (April 30, 1812 – February 16, 1890) was an American civil engineer and politician from New York. He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1852 to 1853.

Life
William J. McAlpine was born in New York City, the son of John H. McAlpine (1783–1865) and Elizabeth (Jarvis) McAlpine (1792–1879). In 1827, he began civil engineering as a pupil of John B. Jervis, with whom he remained until 1836. He was Assistant Engineer of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad from 1830 to 1831, and of the St. Lawrence Improvement Company in 1832. From 1833 on, he took part in the construction of the Chenango Canal and the enlargement of the Erie Canal, and succeeded Jervis as Chief Engineer of the Eastern Division of the State canals, and was Resident Engineer from 1838 to 1846. From 1846 to 1849 he was Chief Engineer of the dry dock at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. He also designed and built the Albany water works in 1850 and 1851, and the Chicago water works from 1851 to 1854.

As a Democrat, he was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1852 to August 1, 1853, when he resigned.

From 1855 to 1857, he was a New York State Railroad Commissioner. Afterwards he became Chief Engineer and Assistant to the President of the Erie Railroad, and later Chief Engineer and Vice-President of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad. He was general superintendent of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, eastern division, for the years 1861 through 1864.

In 1869, he was a member of the Brooklyn Bridge Design Review Committee. In 1886, he was the first Director of the construction of Washington Bridge over the Harlem River in New York City, but resigned after a few months of planning.

He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and its President from 1868 to 1869. He was the first American elected to membership in the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain.

He died in New Brighton, Staten Island on February 16, 1890.

References

Sources
 
 

1812 births
1890 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Politicians from New York City
19th-century American railroad executives
American civil engineers
Erie Railroad
Bavarian LE. The steam locomotives of Bavarian Class LE were narrow gauge engines with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen).

History 
The engines were manufactured for the metre gauge route between Eichstätt-Stadt and Eichstätt-Bahnhof. In 1885 the railway procured two units and, in 1892, a third. After the 5.2 kilometre long line was extended from Eichstätt by 30 kilometres, two more engines were added in 1898 and 1900. The machines carried railway numbers I - V. 

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over all five engines in 1925 as Class 99.07 with numbers 99 071–99 075. The first two locomotives were retired by 1932, the remaining three in 1935, after the whole route was converted to standard gauge.

Technical Features 

The engines were of a design by Krauss that, in similar dimensions, was used for other classes, include some for the Felda Railway, later the Prussian T 31, and designated by the factory as XXXV. 

The locomotives had a box frame with a water tank. The short boiler barrel comprised two boiler rings. On top of the boiler were the steam dome, two spring-balance, safety valves and a sand dome. The flat valves were operated by an Allan valve gear, the connecting rod worked the third axle. On the first locomotives the driving gear was also covered, but these were removed around 1908. The coal bunkers were located in front of the driver's cab. The engines carried up to 1.77 m3 of water and 0.65 tonnes of coal.

The air pump for the compressed-air brake was positioned at the front right, next to the smokebox, the air reservoirs were on the right and left of the boiler and the silencer was fixed to the chimney.

See also 
 Royal Bavarian State Railways
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References 

 
 

0-6-0T locomotives
LE
Metre gauge steam locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1885
Krauss locomotives
C n2t locomotives
John T. Clark. John T. Clark was an American civil engineer and politician from Utica, New York.

He was Resident Engineer and Superintendent of Transportation of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad when on August 9, 1831, the first regular railway passenger service in the United States was begun and acted as conductor of the first journey of the train which was drawn by the DeWitt Clinton locomotive.

He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1854 to 1855, elected on the Whig ticket.

Sources
 Political Graveyard
Google Books The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 37f; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
 Letter written by Clark relating the maiden voyage of the DeWitt Clinton, at Rochester history
 A replica made for the World's Fair, in NYT on May 2, 1893

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Politicians from Utica, New York
New York (state) Whigs
Faraday Technology. Faraday Technology Corporation () is a fabless ASIC / SoC and silicon IP (intellectual property) provider. From specification level to GDSII-in, its flexible engagement model allows customers at various levels in the design phase to begin ASIC implementation.  

Faraday's comprehensive IP portfolio and available IP customization service make ASIC implementation straightforward and allow the company to address a wide range of customer applications and market segments. 

Since 1993, Faraday has established numerous alliances with leading worldwide semiconductor providers in IP, EDA, manufacturing, packaging, and testing which has allowed us to complete thousands of tapeouts resulting in hundreds of millions chips shipped worldwide a year.

Overview
Faraday is a microchip design subsidiary of United Microelectronics Corporation.

Most of the firm's revenue comes from royalties on the chips it designed for customers.

History
The company was founded in 1993 as a spinoff from United Microelectronics Corporation and is now the biggest silicon IP company in Taiwan.

Faraday is collaborating with Samsung on 14 nm chip technology.

Offices 
- Headquarter in Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Tokyo, Japan
- Shanghai, China
- Suzhou, China
- San Jose, California, USA
- Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Bangalore, INDIA

See also 
 List of companies of Taiwan

References 

Electronics companies established in 1993
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Taiwanese companies established in 1993

pl:Faraday
Diagnostic robot. In medicine and robotics, diagnostic robots are diagnosis tools in the form of a physical robot or a software expert system. Developed in the 1970s near the height of the AI boom, automatic diagnosis systems are capable of gathering data for medical diagnosis with its knowledge based subsystem, and tools such as a tendon-actuated, anthropomorphic finger, skin-like sensors for tactile perception, etc.

In February 2013, IBM announced that Watson software system's first commercial application would be for utilization management decisions in lung cancer treatment at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in conjunction with WellPoint (now Anthem). In 2013, IBM Watson's business chief Manoj Saxena says that 90% of nurses in the field who use Watson now follow its guidance.

See also
 Computer-aided diagnosis
 Mycin
 Robotic surgery

References

Diagnostic robots
1970s introductions
Peter V. E. McClintock. Peter Vaughan Elsmere McClintock (born 17 October 1940) is a physicist notable for his scientific work on superfluids and stochastic nonlinear dynamics.

Education
He received the B.Sc. degree in physics in 1962 and the D.Sc. degree from Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
He completed his D.Phil. at Oxford University in 1966, under Harold Max Rosenberg, with a thesis entitled Experiments on Spin Phonon Interactions in the area of paramagnetic crystals at very low temperatures.

Career
He performed postdoctoral research on superfluid helium at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. He joined Lancaster University, UK, in 1968, where he is now a professor of physics. His research interests span superfluid helium-4, medical physics, and stochastic nonlinear dynamics. The particular sub-topics are: (a) magnetism including, especially, studies of spin-phonon interactions in rare-earth ethylsulphate crystals; (b) quantum fluids and liquid helium-4 in particular; (c) nonlinear dynamics and fluctuational phenomena including applications to physiology. Since 2009, he is the editor-in-chief of Fluctuation and Noise Letters.

Honors
McClintock is a fellow of the Institute of Physics.

Books by McClintock
 Aneta Stefanovska and P. V. E. McClintock (Eds.), Physics of Biological Oscillators: New Insights into Non-Equilibrium and Non-Autonomous Systems, Springer, 2021.
 Frank Moss and P. V. E. McClintock (Eds.), Noise in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems, Cambridge University Press, 1989, .
 P. V. E. McClintock, D. J. Meredith and J. K. Wigmore, Low-Temperature Physics: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers, Blackie, 1992, .
 P. V. E. McClintock, D. J. Meredith and J. K. Wigmore, Matter at Low Temperatures, Blackie, 1984, .

Notes

External links

McClintock homepage

1940 births
Living people
People from Omagh
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Probability theorists
Academics of Lancaster University
Rare earth scientists
British expatriates in the United States
Scientists from County Tyrone
20th-century physicists from Northern Ireland
21st-century physicists from Northern Ireland
Armstrong Whitworth Armadillo. The Armstrong Whitworth Armadillo was a British single-seat biplane fighter aircraft built by Armstrong Whitworth.

Development and design
The Armadillo was designed in 1917 by Armstrong Whitworth's new chief designer, Fred Murphy, as a private venture single-seat fighter powered by a Bentley BR2 rotary engine. While the design met the requirements of Air Board Specification A1(a) for a replacement for the Sopwith Camel, it was principally produced to test the abilities of Armstrong Whitworth's new design team, and was not considered a serious competitor for the requirement. Despite this, Armstrong Whitworth was granted a licence in January 1918 to allow the construction of two prototypes.

The aircraft was a two-bay biplane with a square section fuselage. The engine in the nose was enclosed by a circular cowl with a deep hump above the cowl housing two .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns that fired through the propeller arc using synchronisation gear.

The first prototype made its maiden flight in April 1918. The type was not subject to formal evaluation by the Air Ministry, with the poor view from the cockpit being criticised. By the time the Armadillo appeared the Sopwith Snipe, powered by the same engine and faster was already in large scale production and Murphy had started work on the more advanced Ara fighter, so the Armadillo was abandoned, the second prototype not being completed.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 

 

1910s British fighter aircraft
Armadillo
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Research Institute for Symbolic Computation. The Research Institute for Symbolic Computation (RISC Linz) is a research institute in the area of symbolic computation, including automated theorem proving and computer algebra. It is located in Schloß Hagenberg in Hagenberg near Linz in Austria. RISC was founded in 1987 under Bruno Buchberger and moved to Hagenberg in 1989. The present chairman of RISC is Peter Paule.

External links 
 RISC Linz
 Softwarepark Hagenberg

Computer science organizations