omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Overview of RESTful API Description Languages. RESTful (representational state transfer) API (application programming interface) DLs (description languages) are formal languages designed to provide a structured description of a RESTful web API that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing. API description languages are sometimes called interface description languages (IDLs). The structured description might be used to generate documentation for human programmers; such documentation may be easier to read than free-form documentation, since all documentation generated by the same tool follows the same formatting conventions. Additionally, the description language is usually precise enough to allow automated generation of various software artifacts, like libraries, to access the API from various programming languages, which takes the burden of manually creating them off the programmers.

History
There are two previous major description languages: WSDL 2.0 (Web Services Description Language) and WADL (Web Application Description Language). Neither is widely adopted in the industry for describing RESTful APIs, citing poor human readability of both and WADL being actually unable to fully describe a RESTful API.

Principle

Hypertext-driven API
The principle behind building RESTful APIs is known under the acronym HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State). In this approach, the client software is not written to a static interface description shared through documentation. Instead, the client is given a set of entry points and the API is discovered dynamically through interaction with these endpoints. HATEOAS was introduced in Roy Fielding's doctoral thesis Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures. HATEOAS is one of the key elements distinguishing REST from RPC mechanisms.

List of RESTful API DLs

Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
Hydra
Open Data Protocol (OData)

References
	

Cloud standards
Software architecture
Emmanuel Kucha. Professor Emmanuel Iornumbe Kucha (born August 8, 1950) at  Awe Local Government Area of Nasarawa State was the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi. Kucha, a professor of Mechanical Engineering is the first engineering professor and the first indigene of the host community to serve as the vice chancellor of the institution. Youths from the host community had previously been calling for the appointment of an indigene as the vice chancellor of the institution.

Background
Professor Kucha obtained his PhD in mechanical engineering from the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Michigan Technological University, Michigan, United States.
He won the "Design of Improved Wood/Agricultural Waste Stove" award and "Outstanding Research Project Award" at the Nigerian Universities Research and Development Fair awarded by the National Universities Commission, in Abuja, December, 2005. He has over 20 publications.

References

Living people
1950 births
Academic staff of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi
People from Benue State
Ahmadu Bello University alumni
Michigan Technological University alumni
Vice-chancellors of Nigerian universities
Nigerian mechanical engineers
Capella Aircraft. Capella Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Austin, Texas. Formed about 1988, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of light aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction, including for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. The company went out of business about 2007.

Capella produced a number of aircraft designs, all of a strut-braced, high wing configuration. The first series were all enclosed cockpit designs, starting with the Capella SS, a single seat model introduced in 1988. In 1990 the Capella XS two-seat conventional landing gear model followed, along with a tricycle gear model, the Capella XLS. The Capella Fastback was introduced in 1995.

In 1998 the open cockpit single-seat Capella Javelin I was introduced as a FAR 103 ultralight. This was followed by the Capella Javelin II the same year and finally the Capella T-Raptor, all variants of the basic Javelin design.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Software Product Lines Online Tools. Software Product Lines Online Tools (S.P.L.O.T.) (http://splot-research.org) is a set of research-oriented online tools for Software Product Lines (SPL) practitioners. S.P.L.O.T. was created by Marcilio Mendonca during his Ph.D. at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 2008–2009. Since then, the academic website has been visited by numerous researchers and research groups worldwide thereby helping to advance the Software Product Lines field. S.P.L.O.T's source code (as well as its main library SPLAR) are freely available on GitHub and have been successfully extended by others to address different research needs.

Purpose
A common task in Software Product Lines is the analysis of feature models. Analysis tasks can include checking the validity of the feature model (i.e., whether the model has at least one valid configuration), counting valid configurations, detecting 'dead' features, and so on. S.P.L.O.T. offers an analysis tool that can help practitioners to analyse and reason on feature models.

Likewise, software variants in Software Product Lines can be configured by means of selecting/deselecting features in a feature model. This task can be tedious and time-consuming, especially in large scale, given that constraints in the feature model might prevent configuration actions. S.P.L.O.T. offers a configuration tool that supports semi-automatic feature model configuration. As features are selected/deselect in the model S.P.L.O.T. configurator automatically propagates decisions (i.e., further selection/deselection of features) to abide to the constraints in the model.

Resources
S.P.L.O.T. contains the world's largest repository of feature models thanks to the open model adopted allowing anyone to create and share a model with the SPL research community. As of March, 2015, more than 620 feature models are available for download on S.P.L.O.T.'s repository.

Many other tools are available to support Software Product Lines including FaMa, FeatureIDE, Pure::Variants, Ahead, and others. For a full list of available tools please check the feature model wiki page.

See also
 Domain engineering
 Software parametric models
 Product Family Engineering

References

External links
Official Website
Software Development
Snapinsta Downloading tool

Software project management
2008 software
Rey R.1. The Rey R.1 was an experimental twin engine aircraft type built in France around 1950 to test the effectiveness of sprung hinged wings in automatically correcting roll caused by gusts.

Design and development

In the 1930s there was some interest in aircraft designs with automatic gust stabilization, one example being the Italian Jona J-6. In 1938 Francois Rey and M. Ruoanet took out a patent on another stabilization method in which the wings could hinge near their roots along a line oblique to the span.  This meant that when a tip dropped the wing hinged upwards, increasing its angle of attack and hence its lift, restoring the aircraft to level flight. An aircraft with this feature was built but destroyed during World War II.

After the war Rey built a two-seat, twin engine light aircraft to test the principle of the patent. Its low cantilever wing was tapered to rounded tips and had aspect ratio of 10 and noticeable dihedral.  Renault 6Q  six cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engines were mounted on the wing undersides in deep long cowlings.  The rubber disc sprung hinges began immediately outboard of the rear engine cowling on the wing trailing edge and ran forward and outward to the leading edge at about 45° to the chord. Black sealing strip shows their position in photographs. The R.1's long ailerons were mounted outboard of the hinge, starting close to the hinge connection with the trailing edge.

The rest of the R.1 was completely conventional with an oval fuselage, single seat enclosed cockpit and a second seat behind in a windowed cabin.  The tailplane was straight edged and tapered with strong dihedral and carried twin  vertical tails, oval in profile, at its extreme tips. It had a tailwheel undercarriage with the main wheels in spats on short faired vertical legs from the engine cowlings.

Two R.1s were built, numbered 01 and 02.  01 flew for the first time on 12 December 1949 and 02, which had enlarged fins, on 3 July 1951. 01 was exhibited in flight at the Le Bourget Fête in 1951, where it exhibited its flexing wings and braking parachute. No development or application followed these two aircraft.

Variants
Rey R.1 01 First flown 6 December 1949.
Rey R.1 02 As 01 but with larger fins. First flown 3 January 1951.

Specifications

References

1940s French experimental aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Veining (metallurgy). In metallurgy a veining (or finning) is the occurrence of a sheet like casting defect, produced by molten metal penetration into a sand casting mould.

Description
Veining occurs as 'vein' like projections from a casting, usually at right angles to the casting's surface; the phenonoma can occur in any alloy, and is commonly seen in ferrous or copper based castings.

Veining has been attributed to temperature differences at distance from the molten metal resulting in differential thermal expansion in the sand leading to strain in, and failure of the sand mould.  Research has shown that a main cause of veining is thermal expansion of the silica sand in combination with reduction in sand volume above 573C (after the alpha to beta silica phase transformation) due to softening/sintering and/or melting of sand grains, which results in cracking/voids.

Veining can be reduced or avoided by the use of more refractory non-silica sands (zircon, chromite etc); by flux additives which lower the temperature of silica transition to tridymite or cristobalite, or which sinter the sand increasing resistance to failure; or by organic additives which are decomposed to carbon at high temperature, which then bonds to silica increasing strength, imparting veining resistance.

See also
Quartz inversion, 573C silica phase change leading to cracking in ceramics

References

Further reading

Casting (manufacturing)
NanoHealth. NanoHealth is a social enterprise that focuses on managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and hypertension in Indian urban slums and low income communities. It was the 2014 recipient of the Hult Prize.

History
NanoHealth was founded in 2014 by a group of five alumni from the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad. Its primary focus is the creation of a network of local community health workers called "Saathis". These workers, who are trained and certified by the company, use the "Doc-in-a-Bag", a low-cost diagnostic tool for chronic disease management. In 2014 the company was awarded the Hult Prize, the first ever Indian team to receive the award. Two years after the founding, Pagitipati family bought over most of the non-active co-founders. 

In 2018 they held an ICO to non-credentialed US investors.

Partners

 GVK BIO's HEART (Health Emphasized Analytics and Reporting Tool), a cloud-based healthcare analytics framework
 Youth for Seva, an organization in India providing young volunteers to work in schools, NGOs, government hospitals and other organizations in the social sector
Tabeeb, a US-based health care firm with an international virtual network of specialist doctors

Awards
 Hult Prize
 GHMC

References

External links

Social enterprises
Medical and health organisations based in India
Organisations based in Hyderabad, India
Indian companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Rainer Waser. Rainer Waser (born September 16, 1955, in Frankfurt) is a German professor of Electrical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University. He is also director of the section Electronic Materials at the Peter Grünberg Institute which is located on the campus of Jülich Research Center (Forschungszentrum Jülich). His research and teaching is on solid-state chemistry and defect chemistry to electronic properties and modelling, the technology of new materials and the physical properties of construction components.

Important findings include insights in the functioning of the so-called memristors.

Waser grew up in Heusenstamm near Frankfurt. He studied Physical Chemistry at Darmstadt University of Technology where he received a diploma degree in 1979. Then he went to the University of Southampton to conduct research at the Institute of Electrochemistry. After that he turned to Darmstadt and worked as scientific assistant until he completed his PhD.

Career 
Waser joined the Philips research laboratories (research group Electronic Ceramics) at Aachen. In 1992, Waser accepted a Chair for Electronic Materials in the Faculty of Electrical Science and Information Technology at RWTH Aachen University. In 2012, Waser was elected to the post of Speaker of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at Aachen university. Waser was awarded the renowned Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 2014.

Awards and honors
A comprehensive list can be found in the cv on the institute's website.
 2015 – Honorary doctorate from the University of Silesia in Katowice
 2014 – Tsungming-Tu Prize, awarded by the National Science Council in Taiwan (the country’s highest academic distinction which can be bestowed on non-Taiwanese citizens)
 2014 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
 2007 – Masao Ikeda Award, Ikeda Memorial Foundation, Kyoto, Japan
 2001 – Outstanding Achievements Award, International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics (ISIF)
 2000 – Ferroelectrics Recognition Award, IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society

Fellowships and Academy Membership 
 Fellow of the North-Rhine Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts.
 Spokesperson of the section Future information technology (FIT) within the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin

Other Functions 
 Executive Advisory Board Member of the journal Advanced Functional Materials

Selected works

References

External links 
 Website of the Electronic Materials Research Laboratory (Waser's Institute at RWTH Aachen)

1955 births
German electrical engineers
German physical chemists
Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
Living people
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Engineers from Frankfurt
Solid state chemists
Sorrell Aviation. Sorrell Aviation was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Tenino, Washington, founded by Hobart C. Sorrell and sons John, Mark and Tim in about 1958. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of light aircraft in the form of plans and kits for amateur construction including for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

The company's first design was the Sorrell Dr.1, a single seat, 3/4 scale replica of the First World War Fokker Dr.1 triplane that was produced in 1957.

Well known for designing negative-stagger cabin biplanes, the company produced the single seat homebuilt Sorrell Guppy, first flying in 1967. The aerobatic Sorrell Hiperbipe was introduced in 1973. A later design of the company was the 1983 single-seat Sorrell SNS-8 Hiperlight design for the US FAR 103 ultralight category. It was sold initially by Sunrise Aircraft of Sheridan, Oregon and was still in production by Thunderbird Aviation of Ray, Michigan in 2015.

The company's final design was the 1985 two seat version of the SNS-8, the Sorrell SNS-9 Hiperlight, which also remained in production in 2015 by Thunderbird Aviation.

Aircraft

References

External links

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft manufacturers
Kil-Choo Moon. Kil-Choo Moon is a leading Korean engineer and environmental scientist and President of the International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Associations (IUAPPA). He has served as President of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology and of the Korea University of Science and Technology and a Distinguished Professor of Korea University.

Academic background and professional experience
Kil-Choo Moon studied Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa (B.S.,1978), Canada;  Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota (M.S.,1980) and Mechanical Engineering (Particle Technology, Air Pollution Group) (Ph.D.,1984).

Kil-Choo Moon was Director, Directorate for National Science and Engineering Programs, National Research Foundation of Korea; Vice President KIST (2006-2009); Director, Global Environmental Research Center, KIST (1997-2001), Director, Environment Research Center, KIST (1992-1997).

Professional responsibilities
Executive President, IUAPPA (2010-)
Executive Vice President, IUAPPA (2004-2010)
President, Korea Society for Atmospheric Environment (KOSAE) (2008-2009)
Chairman, A&WMA Korean Section (1997-2008)
President, Korean Association for Aerosol and Particle Research (KAPAR) (1996-1997)
Member, Air and Waste Management Association|Air & Waste Management Association (AWMA)
Member, Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE)
Member, American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR)

Awards
Member, National Academy of Engineering of Korea (NAEK)
Ungbi Medal, Order of Science and Technology Merit (2006)
Scientific Award, KOSAE (2004)
Certification of Honor, IUAPPA, England (2001)
 Ministry Citation, Ministry of Environment (1994)

Selected publications
Kil-Choo Moon:Charging Mechanism of Submicron Diesel Particles, University of Minnesota, 1984 - 484 pages
Kil-Choo Moon et al.:Fine particle measurements at two background sites in Korea between 1996 and 1997, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 35, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 635–643

External links
Korea Institute of Science and Technology
IUAPPA

References

South Korean scientists
South Korean engineers
ACM Transactions on Algorithms. ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of algorithms. It was established in 2005 and is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. The editor-in-chief is Edith Cohen. The journal was created when the editorial board of the Journal of Algorithms resigned out of protest to the pricing policies of the publisher, Elsevier. Apart from regular submissions, the journal also invites selected papers from the  ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology, and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 0.9.

Past editors 
The following persons have been editors-in-chief of the journal: 
 Harold N. Gabow (2005-2008)
 Susanne Albers (2008-2014)
 Aravind Srinivasan (2014-2021)

See also 
Algorithmica
Algorithms (journal)

References

External links
 

Association for Computing Machinery academic journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 2005
English-language journals
Computer science journals
Drygrange Old Bridge. The Drygrange Old Bridge is a disused road bridge over the River Tweed near Melrose in the Scottish Borders.

History

It was built between 1776 and 1780 to a design by Scottish architect and engineer Alexander Stevens. It replaced a ferry as part of an improvement to a turnpike road.

It was listed as a Category A listed building in 1971.

It carried the A68 over the Tweed until 1974 when it was replaced by a box girder bridge to the east, engineered by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners. The old bridge is not open to vehicles, but can be crossed by pedestrians and bicycles.

Design

The Old Bridge has a central span of , with two side spans of , and a smaller arch in the south abutment. The central arch has a rise of . The rounded cutwaters are carried up to the level of the roadway and are topped with angular pedestrian refuges.

Hollow spandrels reduce the weight of the structure, an innovation by Thomas Telford. The bridge has been modified by raising the level of the roadway on the approaches to make it more level, but the level of the original roadway can be seen in the string course on the exterior of the bridge.

It is near to the Roman settlement of Trimontium (‘three hills’ in Latin), which is to the south-west of the viaduct. To the west of the bridge is the Leaderfoot Viaduct, a disused railway viaduct, and to the east of the Old Bridge is its modern successor. This group of three bridges is sometimes known as Tripontium (‘three bridges’ in Latin), a modern version of the Roman name.

References

External links

Bridges in the Scottish Borders
Listed bridges in Scotland
Category A listed buildings in the Scottish Borders
Bridges across the River Tweed
Bridges completed in 1780
CNC plunge milling. CNC plunge milling, also called z-axis milling, is a CNC milling process. In this process, the feed is provided linearly along the tool axis while doing CNC processing. 

Plunge milling is effective for the rough machining process of complex shape or free form shapes like impeller parts. In multi axis plunge milling, the optimization of plunge cutter section selection and generating the tool path for free form surface is very important to improve the efficiency and effectiveness.

In plunge milling, after each plunge the milling cutter is offset by some value and then the material surface is removed in the form of lunula. The material removal rate is computed by area of lunula and the feed rate. At the entry and exit of milling cutter, the radial offset has not any influence on the condition of surface.

At the maximum cutting velocity, the surface obtained is clean whatever the feed rate per tooth on entry but on exit the high value of feed rate gives the deteriorated surface. The surface roughness value always increases with feed rate in plunge milling. The simulation of dynamic uncut chip thickness which is generated by plunge milling can be done by tracking the position of plunge cutter center. This simulation shows the regenerative effect with variation of phase difference.

Then the model of uncut chip thickness and cutting force coefficient with cutting edge radius are entered into time domain model. Finally, with the help of time domain solution the stability of machine and vibrations are estimated.
The cutting parameters play a key role in plunge milling. The cutting force and machine stability both are influenced by machining parameters. Frequency domain model can be used to estimate the machining stability.

Advantages of CNC plunge milling

The plunge milling has following advantage over conventional milling-
The radial cutting forces, which is responsible for the deformation of the tool and the workpiece, is very small.
The material which is difficult to cut can be rough machined easily.
Comparing to conventional milling, in CNC plunge milling the feed per tooth is less.
The vibration can be avoided in the machine so that is why it is suitable for deep cavity machining like mould and cavity making. In deep milling, the overhang of large length tool is also adjusted.

See also

Numerical control
Milling (machining)

References

Plunge milling
Metalworking
Congress Rental Network. Congress Rental Network (CRN) is a worldwide network of technology meeting specialists. As an organization, it aims to provide technical solutions, in regards to conference, congress and audiovisual requirements for meetings and events. It is linked to conference equipment manufactured by German conglomerate Bosch.

History
CRN was created in 1990 with the first members to joining in, under the guidance of Philips (at that time - now Bosch), were located in Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy. It has been associated with G20's meetings and with the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC).

References

External links
 CRN official website

Business services companies established in 1990
Dutch companies established in 1990
Event management companies