omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Swathanthra Malayalam Computing. Swathanthra Malayalam Computing (SMC) is a free software community and non profit charitable society working on Malayalam and other Indic languages. It is the biggest language computing developer community in India. This  group has been involved in the Malayalam translation of GNOME, KDE, and Mozilla projects like Firefox. They developed Indic Keyboard which is a multi-language keyboard for Android. They have created several Malayalam fonts. The community also actively contributes towards Malayalam Wikipedia.

They supported Swatantra 2014 and were a part of Google Summer of Code in the years 2007, 2013, and 2014. Along with ICFOSS and The Frequently Used Entries for Localization (FUEL) Project, SMC  was involved in creating a standard set of Malayalam words that developers can use while creating interfaces for mobile apps. Since August 2016, SMC community is an ICANN At-Large Structure.

References

External links 
 Official website
 SMC fonts

Information technology organisations based in India
Free Software Foundation
Software industry in India
Indic computing
C. Robert Wieser. C. Robert Wieser (January 19, 1919 – March 1, 2011) qualified from MIT as an electrical engineer and later became a developer of electrical and computing technology. He was especially and particularly noted for having contributed to the development of the Cape Cod Air Defense system (Cape Cod Air Force Station) and SAGE system.

Wieser directed the first successful testing of the technology necessary for the creation of an airborne interception system (using radar and computers), which from this embryonic state, would later develop into the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system (SAGE).  The SAGE system led to the development of technology known as packet switching, which contributed directly, from being a composite element of technology, to the creation of the ARPANET and ultimately the Internet.

Short biography

Wieser was born Charles Robert Wieser in New Rochelle, New York on January 19, 1919.

The following information shows a biographical history of C. Robert Wieser made using three sources:

 1940 - graduated from MIT with a Bachelor in Science in Electrical Engineering and a Masters of Science in the subject Electrical Engineering.  
 from 1940 to 1942 - worked for the Boston Edison Company.
 worked for MIT Servornechanisms Laboratory, developing the application of the Whirlwind I to air traffic control and subsequently to air defence usage (circa 1949).
 1951 - joined the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, where he was leader of a group developing the Cape Cod Air Defense Direction Center, and involved in the preparation of the operational and mathematical specifications for the SAGE air defence system. Later he was appointed as head, assistant director, and finally as deputy director of the Systems Division.
 1968 - was employed at the  Office of the Secretary of Defense.
 1971 - appointed as director of the Advanced Weapons Programs within the Douglas Astronautics Company.
 1982 - vice president and general manager of the Western Division of Physical Dynamics, Inc., RES Operations
 1985 - Director of Engineering at Science Applications International Corporation (Newport Beach, California).

Wieser died on March 1, 2011, aged 92.

See also

Jay Forrester
J. C. R. Licklider

References

External links
 Paul N. Edwards - The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America MIT Press 1997 (reprint, revised) Inside technology, 440 pages, 

Electronics engineers
Radar pioneers
1919 births
2011 deaths
MIT Lincoln Laboratory people
Roll Flight. Roll Flight was a German aircraft manufacturer founded by Martin Rütter based in Schwelm. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

Active in the mid-2000s period, the company started building steel tube cages for paramotors as its first product. This then expanded into producing entire powered parachute carriage units which could then be mated with one of a number of parachute wings. The company produced the Roll Flight MR V as a single-seater that could be converted into a two-seater and was then called the Duo.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Powered parachutes
Commencement (fireboat). M/V Commencement is a fireboat operated by the Tacoma Fire Department (TFD) in Tacoma, Washington.

Commencement is powered by two 535-horsepower engines and a 300-horsepower marine diesel engine that provides power to six 24-inch aluminum alloy fans which can be used to create an air cushion under the vessel, similar to a hovercraft. The ship has a maximum speed of 30 knots.

In 2005 Commencement was renovated and refitted with a Port security grant provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

References

2007 ships
Fireboats of Puget Sound
Press hardening. Hot stamping (also known as press hardening, hot press forming, or hot forming die quenching) is a relatively new technology which allows ultra-high strength steels (typically 22MnB5 boron steel) to be formed into complex shapes, which is not possible with regular cold stamping operations. This process is commonly used for the production of automotive body in white components because its advantages align with the design criteria of modern passenger vehicles. For high strength aluminium alloys, there is a similar hot forming process, which has different metallurgical transformations - Hot Form Quench.

Methods

Direct Process
The unformed blank is heated in a furnace, formed in hot condition (state 2 in below figure), and quenched in the die to achieve the required properties.

Indirect Process
The blank is formed, trimmed, and pierced in cold condition (i.e., state 1 in below figure). It is later heated and quenched in a die to get high strength properties.

Selection of the process depends on part complexity and blank coating (Zn based coatings typically require indirect process). In either method, the blank is formed in a much softer and formable state and is later hardened in the dies, which have drilled cooling channels. A typical hot stamped components has 1000 MPa (145 ksi) Yield Stress and 1500 MPa (215 ksi) Ultimate tensile strength. The process is undergoing constant refinement with new grades of steel emerging for hot and cold forming.

Advantages
Higher strength steels may help reducing the weight by downgauging (i.e., use of thinner sheets), while increasing the crashworthiness. However, one problem with many high strength steels is that their formability is generally lower than milder grades. In addition, springback and die wear also cause problems as the forming stresses and contact pressures are higher.

See also
 CNC plunge milling

References

External links
Metal Stamping

Metalworking
Swerea. Swerea is a Swedish research group specialising in applied scientific research in materials development, production and product development.  The group operates mainly in Sweden for industry with operations in Sweden, but also owns the Corrosion Institute in France. The Swerea group consists of five research institutes: Swerea IVF, Swerea KIMAB, Swerea MEFOS, Swerea SWECAST and Swerea SICOMP. Office locations were Kista (Stockholm), Luleå, Piteå, Mölndal (Göteborg), Jönköping, Linköping, Eskilstuna, Trollhättan, Oslo, St Etienne och Brest.

October 1, 2018 Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) acquired two-thirds of the research group, including Swerea IVF, Swerea SICOMP, Swerea SWECAST and the corrosion area of Swerea KIMAB. These companies now make up the RISE division Materials and Production and has subsequently changed name to RISE IVF, RISE SICOMP, RISE SWECAST and RISE KIMAB.

MEFOS and the remaining part of Swerea KIMAB launched a new research institute, Swerim, with a focus on mining, mineral, steel and metal research, partly owned by RISE.

Ownership
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden is now the sole owner of Swerea AB who in turn owns the companies Swerea IVF, Swerea SICOMP, Swerea SWECAST and Swerea KIMAB (the corrosion area). RISE operates under the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation (Sweden).

History
During the beginning and mid 20th century Swedish industry prospered. A a result of the blooming years a number of research institutes were formed to ensure further development. The first was the Metallographic Institute (Metallografiska institutet), founded in 1921 by director and physicist Carl Benedicks.  The institute was to go through many name changes and mergers. From The Metallographic institute to The Institute for metal research (IM) to Swerea KIMAB, when it merged with the Corrosion Institute in 2005/2006 and became a part of the Swerea group. The Institute for Engineering Technology (Institutet för verkstadsteknisk forskning, IVF) and The Swedish Foundry Association (Svenska Gjuteriföreningen) were also formed during those good years. The Swedish Foundry Association eventually split into one research institute, Swerea SWECAST, and one trade association that kept the original name. When industry development and economy experienced a dip in the late 20th century, SICOMP was founded, in 1988, in order to strengthen competition through contributing with more advanced knowledge and research on composite material. SICOMP became Swerea SICOMP, a part of  the Swerea group, when Swerea was founded in 2005. October 1, 2018 two thirds of the Swerea group became RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. The remaining part formed a new institute, Swerim.

Research collaborations 
Swerea research focus on materials development, production development and product development. The research group takes part in international research efforts such as CleanSky, STEPWISE, Fire-resist, Biobased Industries etcetera.

Subsidiaries

References

Research institutes in Sweden
Sky Science PowerHawk. The Sky Science PowerHawk is a British powered parachute that was designed and produced by Sky Science Powered Parachutes Limited of Tidworth. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft was introduced in about 2000 and production ended when the company went out of business at the end of 2003.

Design and development
The PowerHawk was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, as well as amateur-built aircraft rules. It features a  parachute-style wing, two-seats-in-tandem accommodation, tricycle landing gear or quadracycle  landing gear and a single  2si 690-L70 engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft carriage is built from metal tubing with an optional full cockpit fairing. In flight steering is accomplished via foot pedals that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has lever-controlled nosewheel steering. The main landing gear incorporates spring rod suspension. On snow the aircraft uses four skis, two steerable ones in the front and two replacing the rear wheels.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for crew and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off and landing roll with a  engine is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 30–50 hours.

Operational history
In August 2015 no examples were registered in the United Kingdom with the Civil Aviation Authority, although one had been registered in 2000 and de-registered by the CAA in 2005.

Specifications (PowerHawk)

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org

PowerHawk
2000s British sport aircraft
2000s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Cyan Engineering. Cyan Engineering was an American computer engineering company located in Grass Valley, California. It was founded by Steve Mayer and Larry Emmons. The company was purchased in 1973 by Atari, Inc. and developed the Atari Video Computer System console, which was released in 1977 and renamed the Atari 2600 in November 1982. It also carried out some robotics research and development work on behalf of Atari, including the Kermit mobile robot, originally intended as a stand-alone product intended to bring a beer. The company also programmed the original "portrait style" animatronics for Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre pizza chain in 1977.

Further reading

References

Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct robotics companies of the United States
1978 in robotics
Atari
Sky Science. Sky Science Powered Parachutes Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer and parachute training and service provider, based in Tidworth, Wiltshire. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of kits for amateur construction in the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and homebuilt categories.

The company seems to have been founded about 2000 and gone out of business in late 2003.

The company provided a range of services including parachuting, training, sales and rigging, rentals of Russian aircraft and a parachute display team. The company also offered a single design of powered parachute, the Sky Science PowerHawk. The prototype was registered in 2000, but removed from the register by the British Civil Aviation Authority in 2005, without any indication of further sales of the type.

Aircraft

References

External links
Company website at Archive.org

Companies based in Wiltshire
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Homebuilt aircraft
Parachuting in the United Kingdom
Powered parachutes
Ultralight aircraft
Transdermal drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery techniques include:

 Cream
 DMSO solution
 Hydrogel
 Iontophoresis (using electricity)
 Jet injector
 Liniment
 Lip balm
 Liposomes
 Lotion
 Medicated shampoo
 Ointment
 Paste
 Thin-film drug delivery
 Topical cream
 Topical gel
 Transdermal patch
 Transdermal spray
 Transfersome vesicles

Routes of administration
Omran Sharaf. Omran Sharaf (; born 1984) is an Emirati engineer and the project manager of the first Emirates Mars Mission. He is also the director of the programs management department at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, a United Arab Emirates Space Agency.

Early life and education 
Sharaf was born in Dubai. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 2005 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and earned a master's degree in 2013 from KAIST. His dissertation was title "A Satellite for Knowledge Economy: Knowledge Transfer in the UAE Space Program".

Career 
In 2006, he was recruited as the first employee to join the newly established Emirates Institution for Advanced Science and Technology (EIAST). He lived in South Korea for seven years, working on the Command and Data Handling Subsystem of DubaiSat-1. On EIAST's second EO mission, DubaiSat-2, Omran worked on the Systems Engineering in addition to the Command & Data Handling Subsystem. He was assigned as Director of Space Images Processing & Analysis Department from the 2011–2014.

References

Space program of the United Arab Emirates
1984 births
Emirati electrical engineers
Living people
Emirati scientists
Emirati expatriates in South Korea
KAIST alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Seng Heng Engineering. Seng Heng Engineering is a small and medium enterprise in Singapore, providing fasteners, turnkey machining and corrosion resistant coating products globally.

History

In 1945 , Seng Heng Engineering started as Seng Heng Iron Works producing nuts and bolts in Chinatown, Singapore. It was founded by Lau Kum Kuan.

In 1956, the company moved to Geylang, taking up a land area of 1000 square feet and changing its name to Seng Heng Engineering Contractor. It started fabrication of iron grilled gates.

In 1979, Seng Heng moved to Eunos and expanded to 27,000 square feet and changed its name to Seng Heng Engineering Pte Ltd.

In 2008, Seng Heng bought a Woodlands factory to expand its operations.

In 2012, Seng Heng moved to Joo Koon Circle with a land area of 120,000 square feet.

Since 2013, Seng Heng has been located at Joo Koon Circle, with a land area of 120,000 square feet and is managed by Mr Jeffrey Lau, the Chairman and Mr Jackie Lau, the managing director of the company.

Products
Seng Heng Engineering provides products and services to a wide range of industries such as Refineries and Petrochemical Plants, LNG Plants, Power Plants, Gas and Steam Turbine, Heavy Civil Construction, Offshore Platform, FPSO and Subsea (API 20E).

In 1989, Seng Heng Engineering through the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research (SISIR), sought help from foreign experts to develop corrosion resistance coating which has enabled the company to break through the international market. Below are the current different types of coatings that Seng Heng Engineering offers:

References

Engineering companies of Singapore
Simpel. Simpel GmbH is a Swiss bicycle manufacturer. Its bikes are sold under the "Simpel.ch" brand. The company's headquarters is Maschwanden in the Canton of Zürich.

Simpel was founded in 2000 by Philip Douglas and Joachim Schneebeli. The business idea was a low-maintenance and durable city bike distributed over the Internet. To that end, Simpel used only hub gear and hub dynamos. The frame number stamped into the frame is also an e-mail address through which the owners of lost bicycles can be contacted.

Simpel is the manufacturer of the "bike 12", introduced in 2012 as the third model of Swiss army bicycle or Ordonnanzfahrrädern for the Swiss army. Its predecessors were the Ordonnanzrad 05 from Schwalbe, Cäsar, Cosmos and Condor (1900-1989) and the Bicycle 93 from Villiger and Condor (1993-1995).

Notes

External links

The Bicycle 12 article at Federal Department of Defence

Military bicycles
Cycling in Switzerland
Military vehicles of Switzerland
Cycle manufacturers of Switzerland
Companies based in the canton of Zürich
Functionality (chemistry). In chemistry, functionality is the presence of functional groups in a molecule. A monofunctional molecule possesses one functional group, a bifunctional (or difunctional) two, a trifunctional three, and so forth. In organic chemistry (and other fields of chemistry), a molecule's functionality has a decisive influence on its reactivity.

In polymer chemistry, the functionality of a monomer refers to its number of polymerizable groups, and affects the formation and the degree of crosslinking of polymers.

In organic chemistry and material science 
In organic chemistry, functionality is often used as a synonym for functional group. For example, a hydroxyl group can also be called a HO-function.

Functionalisation means the introduction of functional groups, for example
 the functionalisation of a surface (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface)
 the functionalization of nanoparticles of a metal or metal oxide to stabilize such nanoparticles or
 the so-called  C-H functionalization, which means the substitution of a C-H bond by a functional group, bonded at the same carbon atom

In polymer chemistry 
According to IUPAC, the functionality of a monomer is defined as the number of bonds that a monomer's repeating unit forms in a polymer with other monomers. Thus in the case of a functionality of f = 2 a linear polymer is formed by polymerizing (a thermoplastic). Monomers with a functionality f ≥ 3 lead to a branching point, which can lead to cross-linked polymers (a thermosetting polymer). Monofunctional monomers do not exist as such molecules lead to a chain termination.

From the average functionality of the used monomers the reaching of the gel point can be calculated as a function of reaction progress. Side reactions may increase or decrease the functionality.

However, IUPAC definition and the use of the term in organic chemistry differ with respect to the functionality of a double bond. In polymer chemistry, a double bond possesses a functionality of two (because two points of contact for further polymer chains are present, on each of the two adjacent carbon atoms), while in organic chemistry the double bond is a functional group and thus has a functionality of one.

References 

Functional groups
Statue of James Henry Greathead, London. The statue of James Henry Greathead, designed by James Butler, is installed outside the Royal Exchange, where it conceals a ventilation shaft.  It was erected in 1994 on a traffic island in the middle of Cornhill, London, with traffic passing to either side, similar to the statue of Prince Albert at Holborn Circus.  The London Troops War Memorial is nearby.

Background
James Henry Greathead was a South African civil engineer best known for his work on the railway lines now incorporated into the London Underground. Greathead was an engineer on the London (City) & Southwark Subway, later the City and South London Railway, and now part of the Northern line, which has a station near to the statue at Bank.

Description and history
The bronze statue depicts a bearded Greathead wearing a broad-brimmed hat (an allusion to his South African origins) and carrying a coat over his right arm, holding a piece of paper which he is reading.  It stands on a hollow oval Portland stone base with granite plinth.  The base bears a bronze plaque on one side depicting a tunnelling shield with an inscription that credits Greathead as being the "inventor of the travelling shield that made possible the cutting of the tunnels of London's deep level tube system".  (A part of the tunnelling shield used at Bank station was rediscovered during a refurbishment, and left visible painted red in a passageway leading to the Waterloo & City line.) The other side of the base bears the carved stone badge of the City & South London Railway.

Visible in a gap between the statue and the base are the metal grilles of a vent shaft installed at Bank Junction to meet safety standards introduced after the King's Cross fire in 1987. The statute was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of London Sir Paul Newell on 17 January 1994.

References

External links

 James Henry Greathead, Tunnelling Expert and Railway Engineer (1844–1896), victorianweb.org
 James Henry Henry Greathead's statue, London Walking Tours
 greathead.org

1994 establishments in England
1994 sculptures
Buildings and structures completed in 1994
Statue of James Henry Greahead
Outdoor sculptures in London
Sculptures of men in the United Kingdom
Statues in London
Owen Hall (Oregon State University). Owen Hall is a building containing primarily instructional space, located at 1501 Southwest Campus Way on the Oregon State University campus in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. Originally called the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Building, it was renamed on October 24, 2009 to honor John Owen, the sixth dean of the university's College of Engineering (1990–97) and former head of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department (1978-89), who died at age 62 on February 15, 1997. It was during Owen's tenure as dean that the college raised the funds to pay for the building's construction.

Currently the building is utilized primarily by the College of Liberal Arts.

References

External links 

Oregon State University buildings