omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maria Chan. Maria Kai Yee Chan is an American materials scientist at the Argonne National Laboratory. Her research involves the applications of machine learning to nanomaterials and renewable energy, including the prediction of material properties and the retrieval of data from the published literature.

Chan became interested in physics at age 11 after reading a book about relativity. She has a bachelor's degree in physics and applied mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles, and a Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her 2009 dissertation, Atomistic and ab initio prediction and optimization of thermoelectric and photovoltaic properties, was jointly supervised by Gerbrand Ceder and John Joannopoulos. She joined the Argonne National Laboratory as a postdoctoral researcher before continuing there as a staff researcher.

She was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2024, after a nomination from the APS Topical Group on Energy Research and Applications, "for contributions to methodological innovations, developments, and demonstrations toward the integration of computational modeling and experimental characterization to improve the understanding and design of renewable energy materials".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American materials scientists
Women materials scientists and engineers
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Argonne National Laboratory people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fikile Brushett. Fikile R. Brushett is an American chemical engineer and researcher known for his contributions to electrochemical energy storage and sustainable energy technologies. He is the Chevron Professor of Chemical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he has been recognized for his work in developing next-generation energy storage systems. Brushett's achievements include numerous awards, such as the U.S. Department of Energy Secretary's Achievement Award, the NOBCChE Lloyd N. Ferguson Young Scientist Award, and the Allan P. Colburn Award.

Education 
Fikile Brushett received a B.S.E. degree in chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Pennsylvania in 2006. In 2009, he received a M.S. degree in chemical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where, in 2010, he finished with a Ph.D. in chemical engineering as well. After he trained at the Argonne National Laboratory in the Electrochemical Energy Storage Group as a Director’s Postdoctoral Fellow from 2010-2012.

Career 
Fikile Brushett began his career as a Director’s Postdoctoral Fellow in the Electrochemical Energy Storage Group at Argonne National Laboratory from 2010 to 2012. In 2013, he joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering. He later became the Cecil and Ida Green Career Development Professor. In 2024, Brushett was named the Chevron Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT.

Brushett's research focuses on electrochemical energy storage systems, with an emphasis on redox flow batteries and sustainable energy solutions. He has worked on designing and improving energy storage devices to enhance their efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness.

Awards and honors 
 Brushett was awarded a GEM Fellowship for Ph.D. in Engineering in 2006. 
 In 2010, he was awarded a Director’s Postdoctoral Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory. 
 In 2014 and 2017, Brushett was awarded the C. Michael Mohr Outstanding Faculty Award at MIT. 
 He was awarded the Scialog Fellow for Advanced Energy Storage and the Chemical and Engineering News Talented 12 Chemistry resulting in the nickname "Baron of Batteries". 
 In 2018 he earned the U.S. Department of Energy, Secretary of Energy Achievement Award. In the same year, Brushett gained the ECS Supramaniam Srinivasan Young Investigator Award. 
 In 2020, he was awarded the NOBCChE Lloyd N. Ferguson Young Scientist Award for Excellence in Research. 
 In 2021, Brushett was awarded the NESACS/NENOBCChE Henry A. Hill Lecturership. In 2022, he was awarded the Allan P. Colburn Award.

References 

University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
African-American chemists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century African-American scientists
Yusuf Abdulwaheed Gbenga. Yusuf Abdulwaheed Gbenga is a Nigerian  mechanical engineer and politician representing the Essa/Shawo Igboidun constituency, Offa local government area in the 9th and 10th kwara State House of Assembly.

Early life and education 
Yusuf was born on 13 June 1982 in Offa, Offa Local Government area of Kwara State Nigeria.  He studied Mechanical Engineering Technology (Automotive) at Kwara State Polytechnic  where he earned his Higher National Diploma in 2005.

Career 
Yusuf, is a certified mechanical engineer, transitioned into politics after serving under the Kwara State Ministry of Works and the Kwara State House of Assembly from 2010 to 2018. He contested and won the ticket to represent Essa/Shawo/Igboidun constituency in the Kwara State House of Assembly under the All Progressive Congress in 2019 and won his re-election bid during the 2023 general election..

References

People from Kwara State
1975 births
Living people

1982 births
Living people
Kappi Plateau. The Kappi Plateau, or Twin Mountains, is the Core Zone of the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) in Aceh, which has 150,000 hectares of dense forest and is the main source of water for the people of Aceh Tamiang, East Aceh, and part of Gayo Lues.

Description 
This area is also a habitat for rare animals such as elephants, rhinos, tigers, and Sumatran orangutans. Damage to the Kappi Plateau will worsen the Tamiang River Basin (DAS), most of which originates in this area, and threaten the survival of wildlife. However, plans to change the status of the Kappi Plateau from the Core Zone to the Utilization Zone for the construction of a geothermal power plant have been rejected by various parties because it will damage this natural ecosystem. Experts emphasize the importance of maintaining the Kappi Plateau as one of the last intact flat forests in Sumatra. Destroying the Kappi Plateau not only threatens environmental sustainability but also the lives of the people who depend on this ecosystem.

References

Geography of Aceh
Protected areas of Sumatra
Ammonium phosphinate. Ammonium phosphinate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . This is a salt of ammonium and phosphoric acid.

Synthesis
The effect of ammonia solution on phosphoric acid solution:

Physical properties
Ammonium phosphonate forms colorless crystals of rhombic system, spatial group C mma, cell parameters a = 0.757 nm, b = 1.147 nm, c = 0.398 nm, Z = 4.

The compound is soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in acetone.

Uses
The compound is usually used as a catalyst for the production of polyamide.

References 

Ammonium compounds
Phosphinates
Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering. Kazakhstan Paramount Engineering (KPE) (Kazakh: Қазақстан Парамаунт Инжиниринг) is a Kazakhstan-based manufacturer of wheeled armored vehicles. The company was established in 2014 as part of a joint venture between Kazakhstani and South African companies. The primary focus of KPE is the production and modernization of Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.

Activities 
KPE specializes in the development and assembly of wheeled armored vehicles and various types of military equipment. The company asserts its capability to operate in the climatic and geographical conditions of Kazakhstan. Since 2022, in collaboration with Turkey, KPE has been working on projects aimed at creating integrated communication and protection systems for armored vehicles.

KPE has obtained the rights to manufacture several armored vehicle models, including the "Arlan," whose design has been modified to suit specific needs.

In 2024, KPE has partnered with Singapore-based ST Engineering to set up production capability for a new 8×8 amphibious multi-purpose armored vehicle in Kazakhstan.

Criticism 
A widely discussed conflict between KPE and the Ministry of Defense of Kazakhstan emerged in the KazNet. The manufacturer emphasized the importance of local production to strengthen national defense capabilities and economic potential. Meanwhile, the Ministry stressed the need for strict adherence to testing and procurement procedures, as well as a careful comparison of price and quality with foreign counterparts. Additionally, KPE faced accusations of failing to fulfill a state defense contract.

In 2023, the conflict was resolved, and starting in 2024, Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Defense began signing contracts with KPE for the supply of the factory’s products, including Arlan 4x4 and Barys 8x8 vehicles.

KPE's armored vehicles were used during combat operations in Mariupol amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to the manufacturer, the only delivery was made in 2019 to the National Guard of Russia in a basic configuration without weapons for testing purposes.

These vehicles were also deployed by the government to maintain order during protests in Almaty, Kazakhstan, in 2022.

References 

Manufacturing companies of Kazakhstan
Military of Kazakhstan
Defence companies of Kazakhstan
Manufacturing companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Kazakhstan
Companies based in Astana
Ali Daneshfar. Ali Daneshfar is an Iranian chemist and Professor of Analytical Chemistry at Lorestan University.
He is among the top 1% most-cited scientists in the world.

Select Publications
 Optimization of the ultrasonic assisted removal of methylene blue by gold nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon using experimental design methodology
 Kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium evaluation of direct yellow 12 removal by adsorption onto silver nanoparticles loaded activated carbon
 Development of dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on micro and nano sorbents
 A green ultrasonic-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent for the HPLC-UV determination of ferulic, caffeic and cinnamic acid from olive, almond ...
 Comparison of silver and palladium nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for efficient removal of Methylene blue: Kinetic and isotherm study of removal process
 Optimization of the combined ultrasonic assisted/adsorption method for the removal of malachite green by gold nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: experimental design

References 

Living people
Iranian chemists
Academic staff of Lorestan University
Analytical chemists
Academic staff of Ilam University
Year of birth missing (living people)
DS N°8. The DS N°8 is an upcoming electric crossover unveiled in December 2024.

Overview
The design was inspired by the Aero Sport Lounge concept car presented in 2020.

References

External links
 Official website (France)

DS vehicles
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Mid-size cars
Cars introduced in 2024
Euro NCAP large family cars
Zero-emissions vehicles
Electric cars
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Günter Vogt. Günter Vogt (born 17 August 1961) is a politician from Liechtenstein who has served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein since 2017.

Career 
Vogt was born on 17 August 1961 in Chur as the son of Adolf Vogt and Bernadette Schwarz as one of four children, including Heinz Vogt. He attended primary school in Balzers, and then secondary school in Vaduz. From 1977 to 1981 he conducted a toolmaker apprenticeship at Hoval AG in Vaduz. He studied mechanical engineering in Vaduz, where he graduated with a diploma in 1990.

From 1981 to 1991 he worked in various jobs as a toolmaker and project engineer at Balzers AG, and also at Timeler Engineering in Greenacre, New South Wales from 1982 to 1984. From 1991 to 2012 he was the managing director and chairman of the board of directors at ITW Ingenieurunternehmung AG in Balzers. From 2014 to 2020 he was the managing director and chairman of the board of directors at ACT Anzeige- & Informationstechnik AG in Maienfeld. Since 2020, he has been a project manager of the Entry/Exit System at the Liechtenstein immigration office in Vaduz.

From 1995 to 2000 Vogt was president of the Liechtenstein IT office and automation section, and from 2000 to 2002 he was a member of the UEAPME. From 2011 to 2015 he was a municipal councillor in Balzers as a member of the Patriotic Union. Since 2017, he has been a member of the Landtag of Liechtenstein. From 2017 to 2021 he was head of the Liechtenstein delegation to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Since 2021, he has been the head of the Liechtenstein delegation to the European Free Trade Association and European Economic Area.

Vogt was the Patriotic Union's spokesman in the Landtag from 2018 to 2020. He resigned from this position due to professional reasons and was succeeded by Manfred Kaufmann. Vogt ran for mayor of Balzers in 2019, but was defeated by incumbent mayor Hansjörg Büchel.

Personal life 
Vogt married Manuela Hoch (born 21 July 1962) on 8 May 1991 and they have two children together.

References 

Living people
1961 births
People from Balzers
21st-century Liechtenstein politicians
Liechtenstein engineers
Patriotic Union (Liechtenstein) politicians
Members of the Landtag of Liechtenstein (2017–2021)
Members of the Landtag of Liechtenstein (2021–2025)
Liechtenstein diplomats
Persistent sodium current. The persistent sodium current (INaP) (also called the "late sodium current" or "non/slow-inactivating sodium current") is a form of sub-threshold, biological electric current contributed by non-inactivating voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) found in several central neurons. INaP has been implicated in neuronal excitability, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain.

Biophysics
Persistent sodium current generation is hypothesized to occur by the incomplete inactivation of the voltage-gated sodium channel current (INa), where the channel becomes constitutively active and conducts sodium, creating a "persistently active" inward sodium current. Upon depolarization, the four identical motifs of the sodium channel (which contain six transmembrane segments that include a pore-forming loop and a voltage sensor) move outward to allow for sodium influx. Sodium channels have the intrinsic ability to close rapidly following depolarization, and this current, named the "transient sodium current" is large and contributes to the bulk of the action potential. However, electrophysiological recordings which isolate INa find small amounts of current following depolarization which slowly inactivates, therefore contributing to the "persistent" or "non-inactivating" sodium current. It is important to note that the persistent sodium current also functions at sub-threshold voltages and is not only measured on depolarization of the membrane, and therefore may modulate neuronal excitability during the interspike interval of action potentials.

Health and disease
INaP is involved in long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and other inherited arrhythmias. Further, previous research has shown that increases in INaP contributes to hypoxia (medicine), demyelination, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, and epilepsies.

Pharmacological blockers of INaP are used clinically in many of these disorders. Amiodarone, while primarily blocking the human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene potassium channel, has shown to significantly reduce persistent sodium current by 50% in cortical neurons as well as in cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 and is used to treat arrhythmia. Cannabidiol has been used as an anti-epileptic for individuals with Dravet syndrome and may block the fast transient and persistent sodium currents, although in high concentration. GS967, also known as Prax330, is used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and surprisingly blocks the persistent sodium current in a study of Dravet syndrome which resulted in reduced seizures.

References 

Electrophysiology
Garvita Gulhati. Garvita Gulhati (born 1999/2000) is an Indian social entrepreneur, engineer, and the founder of the organization Why Waste?. She currently works as an investment analyst at WestBridge Capital. Gulhati was recognized by Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2021 for her work on water conservation. Gulhati is known as the "water girl of India."

Humanitarian work 
At the age of 15, Gulhati learned that nearly 14 million liters of water was being wasted, specifically at restaurants. At the same time there were millions of homes lacking access to water. Gulhati began her initiative, Why Waste?, to combat this problem.

Why Waste? was launched in 2015, and the first project was coined #GlassHalfFull. Gulhati and other volunteers shared stories of those who did not have access to water. They visited restaurants and spoke on the importance of water conservation.

The initiative received support from the National Restaurant Association of India in 2019. Why Waste? is now an international youth-led organization. According to Gulhati in 2021, its work had impacted over 10 million individuals and over 500,000 restaurants and led to the conservation of nearly 6 million liters of water. Why Waste? has built partnerships with several organizations, including Facebook, Google, and the Ikea Foundation.

In 2021, Gulhati launched the Why Waste? app to help users manage their water usage and footprint. In partnership with CNN, the app is creating a movement to motivate people to take action through the campaign, "Mission Paani" (Mission Water).

Gulhati, alongside her team, published the book Sustainability Stories to inspire youth to take action. Sustainability Stories was published in collaboration with India's largest non-profit publisher, Pratham, and in collaboration with UNICEF.

Gulhati is also engaged with We the Change, a United Nations climate campaign in India.

Gulhati has also worked on establishing the Lead Young at Schools movement, involving over 800 schools and inspiring more than 2.5 million students in India to take action.

Education 
Gulhati graduated in 2021 with a degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering from PES University in Bengaluru. She is a Wharton Moelis Fellow.

Career 
After two years of experience in FinTech, Gulhati joined Westbridge Capital in Bengaluru as an Investment Analyst.

Personal life 
Gulhati enjoys painting and playing badminton in her spare time. She is trained in kathak, a classical Indian dance genre.

Awards and recognition 
Gulhati was the youngest to be recognized by Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2021 for her work with Why Waste?. She was also the recipient of the Diana Award for her humanitarian work. Gulhati was recognized by the Project Management Institute as part of Future 50, a cohort of leaders innovating for the future. She has been honored as a Global Ashoka Young Changemaker by Ashoka Innovators. Gulhati is the only Indian to be endowed with Shawn Mendes Foundation's Wonder Grant.

See also 
Water scarcity in India

References

Living people
21st-century Indian engineers
21st-century Indian women engineers
Indian climate activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tibet Skyway. Tibet Skyway () officially established on March 29, 1999, is a publicly traded corporation specializing in roadway engineering and infrastructure construction in Tibet. The Shanghai Stock Exchange officially listed the company's shares on January 16, 2001. The stock designation is "Tibet Skyway" ().

History 
Tibet Engineering Company, in collaboration with Tibet Industrial Company, Tibet Layuan Company, Tibet Automobile Trade Company, and Tibet Golmud Company, established the company on March 29, 1999. The company's primary focus is on infrastructure construction, namely highway engineering, predominantly involving the construction of highways and bridges in the Tibet Autonomous Region. It has executed the building of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway, China-Nepal Highway, and other national and significant trunk highways in the region, as well as large-scale highway bridges like Qushui, Gonggar, and Touxia. The projects encompass the reconstruction of the Lhasa to Gongga Airport Highway, the Lhasa Liuwu Bridge, the Gangxiu No.1 Special Bridge of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Gangxiu Station, and the Underwater Graben Project; the reconstruction and expansion of Jinzhu West Road; and the environmental enhancement project surrounding the Jokhang in Lhasa, among others. In 2007, the business executed a major strategic restructuring and assumed control of the exploration and development of the Chongjiang Copper Mine.

References 

Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Companies based in Tibet
Economy of Tibet
Chinese companies established in 1999
2001 initial public offerings
Deborah G. Johnson. Deborah G. Johnson (born 1945) is an American philosopher and Olsson Professor Emeritus of Applied Ethics at the University of Virginia. She is a winner of the Covey Award, Weizenbaum Award, and Barwise Prize. Johnson is known for her works on the computer ethics and engineering ethics.
Her book Computer Ethics (1985) was the first significant textbook in the discipline and rapidly became the main resource used in computer ethics courses at universities in English-speaking countries.

Books
 Engineering Ethics: Contemporary and Enduring Debates, Yale University Press 2020
 Computer Ethics, First Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 1985; Second Edition 1994; Third Edition 2001
 Johnson, D. and H. Nissenbaum (eds.) (1995), Computing, Ethics & Social Values, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

References

External links
 Johnson at the University of Virginia

Living people
21st-century American philosophers
American philosophy academics
American philosophy writers
1945 births
University of Virginia faculty
University of Kansas alumni
Artificial intelligence ethicists
Information ethicists
Fasil process. The fasil process (named from "formaldehyde silver") is an industrial method for producing formaldehyde from methanol, utilizing a silver catalyst. It is one of the two primary large-scale formaldehyde production methods, alongside the metal oxide process.

The name fasil is a registered trademark owned by Dynea AS. Dynea started to produce formaldehyde in Norway in 1947 and has developed the process since then. More than 40 fasil formaldehyde plants have been installed worldwide.

Process Description 

Methanol, air and water is the primary feedstock for formaldehyde production. The feedstock is mixed in a vaporizer, and passed over a silver catalyst bed in an adiabatic reactor. Due to the methanol/oxygen ratio, the reaction gas mixture is above the Upper Flammability Limit (UFL) for methanol/air mixtures and therefore inherently safe. The formaldehyde produced is separated from unreacted methanol and byproducts through absorption in water, using a selective absorber.

In the fasil process, formaldehyde is synthesized through the catalytic oxidation of methanol. The primary reactions are partial oxidation of methanol (1), and  methanol dehydrogenation (2).

This exothermic chemical reaction is facilitated by the silver catalyst at high temperatures, typically around 600-650°C.  The excess energy from the exothermic reaction is used to generate steam by burning the hydrogen-rich tail gas in a boiler or thermal oxidizer.

The reactor used in this process is a fixed-bed heterogeneous catalytic reactor, where the process gas is quickly cooled down in a waste heat boiler to reduce byproducts from gas phase reactions. The silver catalyst in the reactor is periodically replaced, a process that can be completed within a day. The used silver is regenerated through an electrolytic process and is fully recycled.

The process gas cooling relies solely on water and steam, reducing fire risks. Additionally, all oxygen is converted in the reactor. Oxygen is therefore not present in the absorber, improving safety and the quality of the formaldehyde produced.

References 

Chemical processes
Chemical industry
Catalysis