omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Weihenstephan Standards. The Weihenstephan Standards ("Weihenstephaner Standard" in German), also referred to as "WS" in shorthand, are communication interfaces for machine data acquisition.

The standards were developed by a working group of machine manufacturers, plant suppliers, IT system vendors and technologists, under the guidance of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) at the Faculty of Food Packaging Technology in Weihenstephan, Germany.

Weihenstephan libraries have been developed for production data acquisition in bottling and packaging plants (WS Pack), food industry plants (WS Food), in the bakery industry (WS Bake), and for processes within the brewing industry (WS Brew). These libraries are used to connect the plants industrial equipment within the production processes to higher-level management and control systems such as data acquisition systems (SCADA) or Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). In the Weihenstephan Standards, the physical interface specification, specification of the interface content, recommendations for data evaluation and reporting are defined.

The Weihenstephan Standards 2000 comprise the guidelines for standard BDE specifications for bottling plants; the Weihenstephan Standards 2005 describe the interfaces and data provision for bottling and packaging plants in the beverage industry.

Description 

The Weihenstephan standards are located in the automation pyramid as a link between the production management level and the process control level. The standards allow an MES to exchange data with the controls of various machines and thus support the MES' operation. To help manage the data the standards provide:
 uniform physical interface
 uniform instruction set and
 uniform database requirement
In addition, industry-specific reports and evaluation examples are available in the Weihenstephan Standards.

External links 
 Weihenstephan Standards (WS) on Technische Universität München
 Press release: Weihenstephan Standard Wins 2012 International FoodTec Award

See also
Brewmaxx

References

Industrial automation software
List of engineering colleges in Nepal. There are several engineering colleges running programs above bachelor level in Nepal which are affiliated to various universities.

Types of engineering institutions

Government campuses 
There are 12 government funded campuses under various universities in Nepal which are as follows:

Operational campuses

Proposed campuses

Private colleges
There are some 44 private engineering colleges in Nepal under affiliation of various universities in Nepal.

Tribhuwan University

Purbanchal University

Pokhara University

Far Western University

See also 
 List of medical colleges in Nepal
 List of forestry colleges in Nepal

References

External links 
 Far-Western University
 Kathmandu University
 Mid-Western University
 Pokhara University
 Purbanchal University
 Tribhuwan University

 
Nepal
Nepal education-related lists
Margaret Millington. Margaret Hilary Millington (22 March 1944 – 5 March 1973) was an English-born mathematician.

She was born Margaret Hilary Ashworth in Halifax, Yorkshire, the daughter of the local assistant head postmaster, and was educated there. She continued her studies at St Mary's College, Durham and went on to Oxford University, where she earned a PhD in 1968 with A. O. L. Atkin as her advisor. Also, in 1968, she married Lieutenant A.H. Millington, who was part of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. She was awarded a two-year Science Research Council Fellowship which allowed her to pursue research at any university. During her husband's two-year posting in Germany, she taught mathematics at an Army Education Centre there.

She died in Germany due to a brain tumour at the age of 28.

Although her career was cut short, in 1983, the London Mathematical Society organized a symposium on modular forms. During the symposium, the importance of her doctoral thesis and post-doctoral research became clear. The work that she had started during her fellowship was picked up and pursued by other mathematicians, leading to a resurgence in the field. Her research had dealt with modular forms, as well as subgroups of the modular group.

In a tribute to Millington, Atkin said "I have no doubt that, had she lived, she would have made exciting original contributions to a field which has at last come into its own again, after nearly a quarter century in the doldrums, and where there are now at least twenty first rate people of her generation working actively."

References 

1944 births
1973 deaths
20th-century English mathematicians
Deaths from brain cancer in Germany
British women mathematicians
20th-century British women mathematicians
 Alumni of St Mary's College, Durham
Shmaryahu Hoz. Shmaryahu Hoz (; born 1945) is a Professor Emeritus specializing in physical organic chemistry and computational nanotechnology.

Biography
Shmaryahu Hoz was born in Jerusalem in 1945.  He received a B.Sc. in Chemistry and Physics and an M.Sc. in Chemistry from the Hebrew University. He received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Bar Ilan University and did post-doctoral studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz with Prof. Joseph F. Bunnett.
He joined the Chemistry Department at Bar Ilan University in 1975. His major research areas are: physical organic chemistry, the chemistry of SmI2, computational nanotechnology and the effects of electric fields on structure and reactivity.

Administrative activities
Professor Hoz has held several administrative positions at Bar Ilan University. He served as the Head of the Department of Chemistry and subsequently as Vice President for Research of the University. In his capacity as a VPR, he established the brain research center and set in place the foundations for the School of Engineering. For many years, Professor Hoz was in charge of the parliamentary aspects of the Board of Trustees of the University and headed the By-Laws Committee of the Senate of the University.

He currently serves as senior advisor to the university president and the head of the Responsa Project.

Scientific activities
His major scientific achievements are: the discovery of the catalytic effect of fluoride ion; 
the discovery of the zwitterionic bicyclobutane; 
the formulation of the leading theory on the origin of the α-effect; 
the relationship between nucleophilicity and the Periodic Table; 
the discovery of a molecule forty times harder than diamond in one dimension; 
the first discovery of a molecule having a negative Poisson’s ratio; 
the formulation of guidelines and methods for the use of SmI2 in organic reactions.

References

External links 
 

1945 births
Living people
Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University
Israeli chemists
Jewish chemists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Computational chemists
DesignSpark Mechanical. DesignSpark Mechanical is a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) solid modeling software application. It is licensed as proprietary freeware.

It enables users to solid model in a 3D environment and create files to use with 3D printers. Using the direct modeling approach, it allows for unlimited and frequent design changes using an intuitive set of tools. This free 3D CAD software is offered as a payment free download, but requires a one-time registration with DesignSpark.com to receive the latest community news and product promotions.

To create engineering drawings in the same framework, a paid subscription to the DesignSpark Creator or Engineer plan is needed.

Background 
DesignSpark Mechanical is based on the SpaceClaim Engineer application and is the product of a collaboration between RS Group plc and Ansys, Inc. An introductory brochure is available here. The goal to offer a free 3D CAD software with many features of high-end software is to engage with those such as engineering education students or small businesses who may not need or cannot afford premium branded 3D CAD software.

Rapid prototyping 
DesignSpark Mechanical supports rapid prototyping through SpaceClaim's 3D direct modeling methodology using the Pull, Move, Fill and Combine tools that allow interacting with digital 3D objects like modeling with clay, all available in the free 3D CAD version.

3D CAD library 
3D models for more than 75,000 products from the RS catalog are available for download within the software.

Subscription plans 
Paid subscription plans provide added functions for DesignSpark Mechanical, such as Mirror tool, full support of popular file formats such as STEP, STL, IGES, DXF, and DWG, and an associative drawing environment, adding many functions such as cosmetic threading, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, annotations, and more.

See also 
 Comparison of 3D computer graphics software
 Comparison of computer-aided design editors
 DesignSpark PCB
 DesignSpark PCB Pro

References

Further reading
"EE Journal article introducing DesignSpark subscription plans". EE Journal
"Diseñar en 3D con DesignSpark Mechanical". Automática e instrumentación. No. 454, 2013. pages 36–37.  
"推出3D设计软件 DesignSpark Mechanical". Global Electronics China. No. 10. 2013.  
"48-Hour 3D Design Challenge With DesignSpark Mechanical". EE Times. 
"DesignSpark Mechanical: It's Not Your Grandmother's MCAD!". EE Times. 
"DesignSpark Mechanical User Design Challenge". Engineering.com.
"DesignSpark Mechanical Power Hack". Engineering.com.
"Independent software reviews on Capterra". Capterra.com.

External links
 
 Official Forum
 Independent review of software

Computer-aided design software
Transphorm. Transphorm, Inc. is an American semiconductor company focused on producing transistors made from gallium nitride (GaN) for use in switched-mode power supplies. The company was acquired by Renesas Electronics in 2024.

History 
Transphorm was founded in February 2007 in Delaware. It is headquartered in Goleta, California, close to the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) from which the company is an offshoot and where the co-founder and CTO, Umesh Mishra, is a professor.

In 2011, Google Ventures invested $20 million into Transphorm. The money is to assist the companies development of power conversion technologies. They also received capital from Kleiner Perkins and others amounting to $18 million. 

In September 2012, Transphorm released the TPH2006PS which was the first JEDEC qualified 600V HEMT in the industry.

In November 2013, Transphorm teamed up with Fujitsu Semiconductor to integrate their GaN power devices into power supply businesses with Fujitsu as well as Fujitsu Semiconductor only taking minority equity positions.

In 2015, they received a $70 million investment which was led by the global investment firm KKR.

Transphorm went public by reversing merging with a special-purpose acquisition company, Peninsula Acquisition Corporation, in February 2020. In August 2021, Transphorm acquired 100% interest in the AFSW wafer-fab facility from GaNovation, a manufacturer for high voltage GaNs.

In March 2023, Transphorm released the first gallium nitride (GaN) System-in-Package (SiP) together with Weltrend Semiconductor Inc.. The Weltrend SiP will be showcased by Transphorm at the 2023 Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC).

Together with Yaskawa Electric, Transphorm has developed a new patented technology for GaN power transistors with a short circuit withstand time (SCWT) of 5 microseconds in August 2023.

In January 2024, Renesas Electronics agreed to acquire Transphorm for $339 million. On June 20, 2024, it was announced that Renesas had completed the purchase of the company.

References 

Semiconductor companies of the United States
Technology companies established in 2007
Special-purpose acquisition companies
2024 mergers and acquisitions
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Companies based in Santa Barbara County, California
2007 establishments in California
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies
Zeferu K-570. The Zeferu K-570 is a made-from-scratch aeroplane constructed by Ethiopian Asmelash Zeferu, who plans to fly it to become the first East African to fly an indigenously-designed aircraft.

Aircraft
The Zeferu K-570A is a two-seat parasol-wing monoplane of conventional layout and wooden frame construction. The wing is of straight, untapered configuration and is strut-braced. The fixed, fuselage-mounted tailwheel undercarriage is derived from a Suzuki motorcycle.

Power was initially provided by a Volkswagen engine taken from a Volkswagen Beetle motor car. This horizontally-opposed four-cylinder engine has a capacity of 1,285 cc and delivers 40 hp at 3,000 rpm.

The engine has since been replaced by a 78 hp model taken from a Volkswagen Transporter.

Design altitude in cruise is .

History 
Zeferu left Alemaya University campus to join the Ethiopian Airlines Aviation Academy, but his application to become a pilot was refused. So in 2001, he decided to build his own plane in order to fulfill his lifelong dream of flight.

The Zeferu K-570A aeroplane failed to fly on its first outing, on 15 June 2015, when the propeller disintegrated.

Following an introduction to René Bubberman, a member of the Dutch Experimental Aircraft Association (NVAV), Zeferu has been offered a scholarship to study aeronautics at the Inholland University of Applied Sciences.

References

Citations

Bibliography
 

Homebuilt aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Ethiopia
2010s Ethiopian aircraft
2D silica. Two-dimensional silica (2D silica) is a layered polymorph of silicon dioxide. Two varieties of 2D silica, both of hexagonal crystal symmetry, have been grown so far on various metal substrates. One is based on SiO4 tetrahedra, which are covalently bonded to the substrate. The second comprises graphene-like fully saturated sheets, which interact with the substrate via weak van der Waals bonds. One sheet of the second 2D silica variety is also called hexagonal bilayer silica (HBS); it can have either ordered or disordered (amorphous) structure.

2D silica has potential applications in electronics as the thinnest gate dielectric. It can also be used for isolation of graphene sheets from the substrate. 2D silica is a wide band gap semiconductor,  whose band gap and geometry can be engineered by external electric field. It was shown to be a member of the auxetics materials family with a negative Poisson's ratio.

References

Two-dimensional nanomaterials
Silicon dioxide
Silica polymorphs
Fighter Pilot (TV series). Fighter Pilot is a BBC television documentary series that was broadcast in the UK on BBC One, from 9 September to 28 October 1981. It was about the training of fast jet pilots in the Royal Air Force and followed the progress of six candidates as they went through the three-year programme. The BBC and the RAF first agreed to work together on a documentary in 1978, when there was a poor level of recruitment and a shortage of pilots in the service. At the time it cost £1 million to train a pilot (£4 million in 2011). The training process, from selection to operational service has a high drop-out rate and only one of the six original candidates went on to fly fast jets.

Three of the candidates were airmen who already served in the RAF, while the others were from civilian backgrounds (qualified nurse, zoologist and milkman/farm worker). The series was produced by Colin Strong, who closely followed the candidates for three-and-a-half years. To gain a detailed insight in to the process, he undertook the RAF basic flying training course himself and flew solo in a Jet Provost. The series was nominated for a BAFTA award in 1982 for Television Factual Series.

Candidates

Episodes

Book
A book of the television series was produced by Colin Strong and co-written with the author, Duff Hart-Davis.

References

1981 British television series debuts
1981 British television series endings
1980s British documentary television series
BBC television documentaries
British military aviation
1980s British television miniseries
Documentary television series about aviation
British aviation television series
British English-language television shows
Television series about the Royal Air Force
Symbolab. Symbolab is an answer engine that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011. In 2020, the company was acquired by American educational technology website Course Hero.

History
In late 2011, Symbolab was released as a mathematical semantic search engine by Israeli entrepreneurs Michal Avny (CEO), Adam Arnon (Chief Scientist), and Lev Alyshayev (CTO). At the onset, it could interpret a user-entered equation or symbolic problem and find the solution if it existed. Later, the ability to show all of the steps explaining the calculation were added.

The company's emphasis gradually drifted towards focusing on providing step-by-step solutions for mathematical problems at the secondary and post-secondary levels. Symbolab relies on machine learning algorithms for both the search and solution aspects of the engine.

Acquisition in 2020
In October 2020, California-based Course Hero acquired EqsQuest Ltd. and the Symbolab engine for an undisclosed amount. The  former employees, all based in Tel Aviv, joined the Course Hero team as part of the acquisition.

See also
Science and technology in Israel
Silicon Wadi
Science and technology in the United States
Silicon Valley

References

External links 
 

Internet properties established in 2015
Mathematics websites
Educational math software
Mathematics education
Software calculators
Saber (software). Saber is a general purpose simulation program from Synopsys, Inc. It was originally developed by Analogy, Inc.; which was bought by Avanti Corporation in 2000; that was then bought by Synopsys, Inc.

Saber began as a single-kernel analog simulation technology which brought VHDL-AMS, Verilog-AMS, SPICE, and the Saber-MAST language into a single environment. Saber was coupled to digital simulators via the Calaveras algorithm.

References

Electronic design automation software
Simulation programming languages
Electronic circuit simulators
Green River Covered Bridge. The Green River Covered Bridge is a covered bridge in western Guilford, Vermont.  Built in the 1870s by Marcus Worden, it is a Town lattice truss bridge, carrying Green River Road over the eponymous river in a small rural village of the same name.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Description and history
The Green River Covered Bridge is located in far western Guilford, at the junction of Green River Road with the Jacksonville Stage Road.  The bridge spans the Green River, a generally south-flowing tributary of the Deerfield and Connecticut Rivers.  The bridge is  long, with a road width of  and a total width of .  It rests on dry-laid stone abutments that have been capped in concrete.  The bridge trusses are built out of large planks to the patented design of Ithiel Town, and the bridge floor has been reinforced with laminated beams.  The sides of the bridge are clad in vertical board siding, and the gabled ends of the bridge are finished in flushboard.

The bridge was built in the 1870s, and forms an important visual component of the village of Green River, which includes modestly scaled 19th century buildings, an old mill pond, and features unpaved roads and few modern intrusions.  Because of its remote location it does not see the heavy traffic that has stressed other covered bridges in the state.

See also
Green River Crib Dam, just upriver from the bridge
National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
List of Vermont covered bridges

References

Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Bridges completed in 1870
Covered bridges in Windham County, Vermont
Buildings and structures in Guilford, Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Wooden bridges in Vermont
Lattice truss bridges in the United States
Phoenix Skywalker. The Phoenix Skywalker is a series of German paramotors that was designed and produced by Phoenix Gleitschirmantriebe of Würselen for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Skywalker was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single engine in pusher configuration with a 2.25:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter four-bladed composite propeller. The use of a four-bladed propeller allows a smaller cage size and reduces the overall dimensions of the aircraft. The fuel tank capacity is  and electric start was offered as a factory option.

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Variants
Skywalker 210
Model with a  Solo 210 engine in pusher configuration with a 2.25:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter four-bladed composite propeller. Empty weight is .
Skywalker 330
Model with a  Hirth F-33 engine in pusher configuration with a 2.25:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter four-bladed composite propeller. Empty weight is .

Specifications (Skywalker 210)

References

External links
Phoenix Skywalker 330 info and image page
Skywalker
2000s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Joint European Telescope for X-ray astronomy. The Joint European Telescope for X-ray astronomy (JET-X) was a space telescope which was constructed as part of the Spectrum-X-Gamma project and completed in 1994 but never actually launched. It is now on display in the Science Museum, London.

It was a join cooperation of the UK, Italy, West Germany and the Soviet Union and consists of two Wolter I X-ray telescopes.

Flight spare mirrors from JET-X were used to build the X-ray Telescope which is one of the instruments on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory

References

X-ray telescopes