omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Microsoft Research Songsmith. Microsoft Research Songsmith is a musical accompaniment application for Microsoft Windows, launched in early 2009. Songsmith immediately generates a musical accompaniment after a voice is recorded. The user can adjust tempo, genre (such as pop, R&B, hip-hop, rock, jazz, or reggae), and overall mood (e.g. to make it happy, sad, jazzy, etc.).

The software was developed by a team at Microsoft Research, led by researchers Dan Morris and Sumit Basu. The product began as a research project called MySong, conducted at Microsoft Research in collaboration with a University of Washington student, Ian Simon, in the summer of 2007.  Songsmith is the second commercial project from Microsoft's Microsoft Research, after AutoCollage.

Morris and Basu starred in an infomercial that became a viral video. The video was featured on the Australian ABC TV program The Gruen Transfer as a competitor for the Worst Ad Ever.

The release of the software spawned an internet meme where the vocal tracks of popular songs are fed into the program.

References

External links
Microsoft Research Songsmith

Songsmith
Computer music software
Software synthesizers
Cape Gloucester Airport. Cape Gloucester Airport is an airport in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. . The airport is a single runway general aviation facility; at the present time there is no scheduled commercial service to the airport.

History
Construction of Cape Gloucester Airport originally began in 1942 by the Australians. When the area was seized by the Japanese, it was improved into a two-runway airfield. Later, the area was liberated by the United States Marines on 30 December 1943. Three American aviation engineer battalions were sent to the airfield where they found their work impeded by heavy rains. Marine L-4 aircraft (military versions of the Piper Cub) began operating from a road near the airfield as early as 2 January, and other aircraft were able to make emergency landings. The available engineering forces planned to have the airfield operational for fighters by 1 February but American aircraft did not start operating from the strip until February 1944, but moved out by the end of March.

Cape Gloucester was later developed as an American and an Australian air base but it was never a particularly significant one. After the war, the airfield remained in use for civilian aircraft to service the Cape Gloucester area. It is not used by larger commercial flights, and is occasionally closed due to volcanic activity in the area.

Major USAAF units assigned
 8th Fighter Group (20 February – 14 March 1944)
 Headquarters, 35th Fighter Squadron, P-40 Warhawk; 80th Fighter Squadron, P-38 Lightning
 8th Photo Reconnaissance Squadron (6th Photo Reconnaissance Group) (dates undetermined)

In addition, the 12th Defense Battalion (USMC) was assigned to the airfield between 30 December 1943 and late May 1944. Royal Australian Air Force units based at Cape Gloucester consisted of No. 78 Squadron, equipped with P-40 Warhawks. The facility, however, was not very usable, as the mud during the winter rainy season was so bad most aircraft could not use the airfield.

See also

 USAAF in the Southwest Pacific

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
 www.pacificwrecks.com

External links

Airports in Papua New Guinea
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Papua New Guinea
West New Britain Province
Airports established in 1942
1942 establishments in the Territory of New Guinea
Delay composition. Delay composition, also called delay charge or delay train, is a pyrotechnic composition, a sort of pyrotechnic initiator, a mixture of oxidizer and fuel that burns in a slow, constant rate that should not be significantly dependent on temperature and pressure. Delay compositions are used to introduce a  delay into the firing train, e.g. to properly sequence firing of fireworks, to delay firing of ejection charges in e.g. model rockets, or to introduce a few seconds of time between triggering a hand grenade and its explosion. Typical delay times range between several milliseconds and several seconds.

A popular delay charge is a tube of pressed black powder. The mechanical assembly prevents the outright detonation of the charge.

While delay compositions are principally similar to other fuel-oxidizer compositions, larger grain sizes and less aggressively reacting chemicals are used. Many of the compositions generate little or no gas during burning. Typical materials used are:
 Fuels: silicon, boron, manganese, tungsten, antimony, antimony trisulfide, zirconium, zirconium–nickel alloy, zinc, magnesium, etc.
 Oxidizers: lead dioxide, iron oxides, barium chromate, lead chromate, tin(IV) oxide, bismuth(III) oxide, barium sulfate (for high-temperature compositions), potassium perchlorate (usually used in small amount together with other oxidizers), etc.
 Additives to cool down the flame and slow down the reaction can be employed; inert materials or coolants like titanium dioxide, ground glass, chalk, sodium bicarbonate, etc. are common.

The burn rates are dependent on: 
 nature of fuel - fuels that release more heat burn faster
 nature of oxidizer - oxidizers that require less heat to decompose burn faster
 the composition ratio - stoichiometric mixtures burn the fastest, also slight excess of metallic fuel also increases burn rate, probably due to heat transfer
 particle sizes - smaller particles burn faster, but too small particles may lead to incomplete or interrupted burn due to too narrow heating zone
 mechanical assembly and housing - charge diameter and thermal conductivity of housing influence lateral heat losses
 ambient temperature - ideally this dependence is very low but extremely low or extremely high temperatures may have influence

Examples of some compositions are: 
 black powder with addition of inert material, e.g. chalk or sodium bicarbonate
 lead(II) oxide with silicon, burning at 1.5–2 cm/s
 red lead with silicon, burning at intermediate rate
 lead(IV) oxide with silicon, burning at 5–6 cm/s
 potassium permanganate with antimony, very slow
 Manganese Delay Composition: manganese with lead chromate and barium chromate (lead chromate is the principal oxidizer, barium chromate acts as burning rate modifier, the more of it the slower the reaction) 
 Tungsten Delay Composition: tungsten with barium chromate and potassium perchlorate 
Zirconium Nickel Alloy Delay Composition: zirconium-nickel alloy with barium chromate and potassium perchlorate.
 boron with barium chromate

References

Pyrotechnic compositions
Pyrotechnic initiators
Finschhafen Airport. Finschhafen Airport is a general aviation airport in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. .  It is located on the south-east tip of Huon Peninsula at Finschafen. A half mile inland, parallel to Schneider Harbor, with Dregerhaffen to the south-east. It has no scheduled commercial airline service.

History
The airport was built during World War II in late 1943 by the United States Army 807th and 808th Aviation Engineer Battalions along with the 60th Naval Construction Battalion constructed a 6,000' x 100' coral and steel matting single runway running NNW to SSE. The tower was code named 'Harvest'. In mid-November 1943, the Seabees performed rough grading on the northern end of the strip, and crushed coral for the entire area. On 5 January the 808th departed, and the 60th CB completed the airfield, building fighter and medium bomber hardstands, mostly located to the north, with more to the east and a few on the southern side of the runway. Many aircraft shipped from the United States were assembled at Finschhafen and then flown to other airfields for operations.

Allied units assigned to Finschhafen
 86th Fighter Wing		        		(1 May-1 August 1944)
 8th Fighter Group		(23 December 1943 – 20 February 1944)
 Headquarters, 35th, 36th Fighter Squadrons, P-40 Warhawk, P-47 Thunderbolt
 49th Fighter Group		(19 April-17 May 1944)
 Headquarters, 7th Fighter Squadron, P-40 Warhawk
 348th Fighter Group	(16 December 1943 – 29 March 1944)
 Headquarters, 340th, 341st, 342d Fighter Squadrons, P-47 Thunderbolt

 317th Troop Carrier Group	(April–June 1944)
 Headquarters, 319th Troop Carrier Squadron, C-47 Skytrain
 22d Troop Carrier Squadron, (375th Troop Carrier Group), C-47 Skytrain
 8th Combat Cargo Squadron, (2d Combat Cargo Group), C-46 Commando
 418th Night Fighter Squadron, (380th Bombardment Wing), (28 March-12 May 1944)

At the war's end, millions of dollars of equipment both new and used was bulldozed into huge holes in the area and abandoned.

See also

 USAAF in the Southwest Pacific

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .

Airports in Papua New Guinea
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Papua New Guinea
Morobe Province
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in the South West Pacific Theater
Airports established in 1943
Gusap Airport. Gusap Airport is a general aviation airport in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.  located at the base of the Finisterre Range. It has no scheduled commercial airline service. It is currently in use, and maintained by Ramu Agri Industries Ltd. (RAIL) for Crop Dusting purposes (Aerial Spraying on Sugar Cane and other agricultural crops).

History
Gusap Airport was built by US Army engineers of the 871st, 872nd and 875th Airborne Aviation Engineer Battalions during World War II, and was developed into major base consisting of ten airstrips and numerous facilities for fighters and light bombers of the Fifth Air Force.  Later during the war, the airfield was also a base for Royal Australian Air Force aircraft.  The base was built around eight grass runways, with 180 revetments in the complex. The airstrip at Gusap "paid for itself many times over in the quantity of Japanese aircraft, equipment and personnel destroyed by Allied attack missions projected from it."

Many relics from this period can be still found in the surrounding environment, and Ramu Agri Industries Limited at Gusap have established a mini-museum with restored relics for viewing. These include strip dozers, Bren Guns, 50mm Aircraft cannon, various ammunition, US & Japanese helmets and even the engine from a Japanese "Sally" Bomber recovered from the nearby mountains, on display.

Allied units assigned to Gusap Airfield
 Headquarters, 85th Fighter Wing	 (25 February – 24 July 1944)
 Headquarters, 310th Bombardment Wing (1 February – 6 May 1944)
 312th Bombardment Group (1 January – June 1944)
 Headquarters, 386th, 387th, 388th, 389th Bomb Squadrons, A-20 Havoc
 35th Fighter Group (7 February – 22 July 1944)
 Headquarters, 39th, 41st Fighter Squadrons, P-47 Thunderbolt
  49th Fighter Group (20 November 1943 – 19 April 1944)
 Headquarters, 7th, 8th, 9th Fighter Squadrons, P-40 Warhawk (1943), P-47 Thunderbolt (1944)
6th Machine Gun Battalion

See also

 USAAF in the Southwest Pacific

Notes

References

Further reading
 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .

External links
 Gusap Airfield, Pacific Wrecks.com

Airports in Papua New Guinea
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Papua New Guinea
Morobe Province
Gelmer Funicular. The Gelmer Funicular is a cable railway in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It links a lower terminus at Handegg, in the Haslital (the valley of the upper Aar River), with an upper terminus at the Gelmersee lake, 448 m above.

With an incline of 106% (or 47°), Gelmerbahn was the steepest funicular in Switzerland and Europe, until the opening of the new Stoos Funicular in 2017. The Handegg terminus of the line is close to the road over the Grimsel Pass. It is accessible by car and by an infrequent PostBus service. It is technically not a funicular, which has two cars that counterbalance each other, but is propelled by a winch.

History
The funicular was originally built to facilitate the construction of the Gelmersee, a reservoir, constructed in 1926 in order to exploit the hydroelectric resources of the area and was not opened for public use until 2001. The line is owned and operated by Kraftwerke Oberhasli AG (KWO) which owns the power station.

Another funicular existed on the opposite side of the valley (1948-2015).

Operation
The line operates from the beginning of June through to mid-October, in daylight hours only. It has the following parameters:

See also 
 List of funicular railways
 List of funiculars in Switzerland

References

External links 

 The Gelmerbahn on KWO's web site
 
 Images

Funicular railways in Switzerland
Metre gauge railways in Switzerland
Transport in the canton of Bern
PIK-11. 

The PIK-11 Tumppu ("Mitten") was a single-seat, single-engine sport aircraft developed in Finland in the 1950s. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane of conventional design with an enclosed cockpit and fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. It was to be the first powered aircraft produced by Polyteknikkojen Ilmailukerho, with the objective being building an aircraft for club use that was cheap to build and easy to fly.

Design work was started in 1948 by Kai Mellen and Ilkka Lounanmaa under the direction of Professor Arvo Ylinen. The first of four machines made its first flight on 15 March 1953. The prototype is preserved at the Finnish Aviation Museum, and another example was still listed on the Finnish Civil Aviation Authority registry in 2008.

In the early 21st century, a flying replica was under construction, to be powered by a Rotax 912 engine.

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 
 

1950s Finnish sport aircraft
PIK aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1953
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Thrust lever. Thrust levers or throttle levers are found in the cockpit of aircraft, and are used by the pilot, copilot, flight engineer, or autopilot to control the thrust output of the aircraft's engines, by controlling the fuel flow to those engines. Throttle levers are also used on many boats.

In multi-engine aircraft, each thrust lever displays the engine number of the engine it controls. Normally, there is one thrust lever for each engine. The thrust levers are normally found in the aircraft's center console, or on the dashboard of smaller aircraft.

For aircraft equipped with thrust reversal, the control for each thrust reverser is usually found adjacent to the corresponding engine's thrust lever.

The position of each lever can be described by the current angle indicated. This is referred to as the throttle lever angle (TLA). The greater the TLA, the greater the engine thrust.

The throttle lever assembly is often designed to incorporate high-pressure (HP) cock switches so that the pilot has instinctive control of the fuel supply to the engine. Microswitches are located in the throttle box so that the throttle levers actuate the switches to shut the valves when the levers are at their aft end of travel. Pushing the levers forward automatically operates the switches to open the fuel cocks, which remain open during the normal operating range of the levers. Two distinct actions are required to actuate the switches again. The throttle lever must be pulled back to its aft position and a mechanical latch operated, or a detent (hard point) overcome, to allow the lever to travel further and shut off the fuel valve.

Jet engines are "thrust producing", meaning they produce thrust directly, so the levers are known as thrust levers. Propeller engines including turboprop engines are "power producing", meaning they produce power which is converted into thrust by the propeller. Levers in propeller aircraft are therefore known as "power levers", and are used in conjunction with "condition levers". Most piston-engine aircraft have a throttle knob instead.

See also

Index of aviation articles
Autothrottle
War emergency power

References

Aircraft controls
Voronoi deformation density. Voronoi deformation density (VDD) is a method employed in computational chemistry to compute the atomic charge distribution of a molecule in order to provide information about its chemical properties. The method is based on the partitioning of space into non-overlapping atomic areas modelled as Voronoi cells and then computing the deformation density within those cells (i.e. the extent to which electron density differs from that of an unbonded atom).

The VDD charge QA of atom A is computed as the (numerical) integral of the deformation density ∆ρ(r) = ρ(r) – ΣBρB(r) associated with the formation of the molecule from its atoms over the volume of the Voronoi cell of atom A:

 

The Voronoi cell of atom A is defined as the compartment of space bounded by the bond midplanes on and perpendicular to all bond axes between nucleus A and its neighboring nuclei (cf. the Wigner–Seitz cells in crystals). The Voronoi cell of atom A is therefore the region of space closer to nucleus A than to any other nucleus. Furthermore, ρ(r) is the electron density of the molecule and ΣBρB(r) the superposition of atomic densities ρB of a fictitious promolecule without chemical interactions that is associated with the situation in which all atoms are neutral.

Note that an atomic charge is not a physical observable. Nevertheless, it has been proven a useful means to compactly describe and analyze the electron density distribution in a molecule, which is important for understanding the behavior of the latter. In this connection, it is an asset of VDD atomic charges QA that they have a rather straightforward and transparent interpretation. Instead of measuring the amount of charge associated with a particular atom A, QA directly monitors how much charge flows, due to chemical interactions, out of (QA > 0) or into (QA < 0) the Voronoi cell of atom A, that is, the region of space that is closer to nucleus A than to any other nucleus.

See also 
 Partial charge

References

Computational chemistry
G200. G200 or G-200 may stand for:

Computing and electronics
 GeForce 200 series, the engineering codename for a Graphics Processing Unit
 Matrox G200, a video accelerator chip

Transport and vehicular
 Gulfstream G200, business jet
 Daihatsu Charade G200 automobile
 Giles G-200, an American aerobatic homebuilt aircraft 
 Mistral G-200, a Swiss aircraft engine

Other uses
 Gruz 200 (), is a military code word used in the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states referring to the transportation of casualties

See also

 
 
 
 
 200G
 200 (disambiguation)
 G (disambiguation)
 G20 (disambiguation)
 G2000 (disambiguation)
Charlie Bass (engineer). Charlie Bass, is an American electrical engineer, academic and entrepreneur. He was the co-founder of the networking company Ungermann-Bass in 1979. Led by Ralph Ungermann and staffed by several colleagues from Zilog, Ungermann-Bass helped commercialize ethernet, had a successful IPO, and then was purchased by Tandem Computers.

Bass was also co-founder of Parallan Computer in July 1986, a maker of high-specification, multi-processor servers, and Starlight Networks in late 1990, a software company involved in streaming media and Socket Mobile, Inc. in 1992.

In 1972, Bass received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Hawaii.  He has taught at University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Santa Cruz; and Stanford University, and he worked for Zilog.  In 1989, he formed his own venture capital company, Bass Associates.  Bass is currently an advisor to Rising Tide, a venture capital partnership.

References
University of Hawaii COE Distinguished Lecture Series Charlie Bass: How To Maneuver Venture Capital

21st-century American engineers
Living people
1941 births
China Metallurgical Group Corporation. China Metallurgical Group Corporation (MCC, ), is a Chinese state-owned enterprise headquartered in Beijing, engaged in EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction), natural resources exploitation,  papermaking, equipment manufacturing, real estate development. MCC is one of the largest equipment manufacturers in China, and the only state-owned enterprise authorized to operate pulp-making and papermaking businesses both domestically and Internationally. On December 8, 2015, MCC merged with China Minmetals, becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary. The company also owns MCC Holding SA in Switzerland and MCC Petroli AG. Dr. Luigi Forino Von Thyssen, the president and group CEO of their petroleum corporations, is a significant shareholder of MCC, owning more than 22%, and he is the owner of several other companies.

China Metallurgical Group Corporation's subsidiary, Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd., co-invested by China Metallurgical Group Corporation and Baowu Steel Group Corporation (Baosteel Group), was established in 2008. Its A shares and H shares were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2009 respectively.

Business areas
The company is involved in the construction of metallurgical, infrastructural facilities, other industrial projects, housing construction, municipal utility construction, installation of electrical and mechanical works, and handles high-rise buildings, mechanical engineering, electronics, power supply, petroleum, chemistry, textiles, transportation, communication, and building materials construction projects. The company also provides geo-technical engineering construction, industrial and civil construction, rock and earthwork excavation, equipment installation, and steel structure fabrication and installation services; and industrial products, including spiral welded pipes of various bore sizes, non-standard equipment, cold-rolled deformed bars, and forged precision metallic equipment. It also engages in water supply projects, sport cities development, and resource development. The company manufactures spiral coasters, and single-stand reversible cold-roll lines.

References

External links
China Metallurgical Group Corporation

Government-owned companies of China
Metal companies of China
Conglomerate companies established in 1982
Conglomerate companies of China
Chinese companies established in 1982
Roller coaster manufacturers
1982 establishments in China
2015 mergers and acquisitions