omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Titan Aerospace. Titan Aerospace was an American aerospace company based in Moriarty, New Mexico from 2013–2014.  They intended to develop and manufacture unmanned aerial vehicles.  

The company was acquired by Google in 2016, who planned to use Titan Aerospace to develop unmanned aerial vehicles capable of bringing Internet connectivity to remote parts of the world. Google announced its decision to stop working on the project in January 2017.

History 
The company was founded in 2011 by Max Yaney. Vern Raburn, founder of the now-defunct Eclipse Aviation, joined Titan Aerospace in 2013 as its CEO. Previous to his tenure at Eclipse, Raburn was CEO of Symantec and had been an early employee of Microsoft during its start-up phase. 

According to Manager Magazine at the beginning of March 2014 Facebook had offered $60 million to buy the company. Techcrunch further reported that Facebook wanted to use the drones to supply areas having no internet connection with affordable network access.

In mid-April 2014, it was announced that Google had bought Titan Aerospace.
"Project Titan" was part of Google's Access division before being absorbed into the semi-secret R&D facility X during the Alphabet reshuffle in 2015, and was shut down in 2016.

Product 

The company intended to manufacture unmanned aircraft under the designation AtmoSat.  The so-called "atmospheric satellites" or Solar Powered Atmospheric Satellite Drones were predicted to travel up to 20 kilometers high and to have satellite-typical functions.  Equipped with a solar power system they were projected to, according to Titan Aerospace, fly continuously up to five years and thereby cover four million kilometers.

Types 
 Solara 50, with 50-meter wingspan and 15 meters in length, was presented at the fair AUVSI's Unmanned Systems in Washington.  Solara 50 was projected to accommodate a payload of 32 kilograms.
 Solara 60, with a payload of more than 100 kg., was a predicted follow-on development.

The Solara AtmoSat platform promised customers around the world real-time images of the earth, voice and data services, navigation and mapping of services and monitoring systems of the atmosphere.  The systems hoped to provide signal coverage over 17,800 square kilometers, giving a hypothetical Solara drone greater coverage than 100 terrestrial cell towers.

First and only test flight
On May 1, 2015, the sole SOLARA 50, registration number N950TA, flew for four minutes and sixteen seconds before impacting the ground following an in-flight structural failure. The aircraft reached an altitude of approximately 520 feet above ground level.

See also 
 List of mergers and acquisitions by Google

References

External links 
 Titan Aerospace - official site
 
 

Unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct companies based in New Mexico
Technology companies established in 2011
2011 establishments in New Mexico
American companies disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in New Mexico
Privately held companies based in New Mexico
Technology companies disestablished in 2017
American companies established in 2011
German submarine U-1228. German submarine U-1228 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Design
German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-1228 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1228 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a  Flak M42 as well as two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

Service history
U-1228 was ordered on 14 October 1941 from Deutsche Werft in Hamburg-Finkenwerder under the yard number 391. Her keel was laid down on 16 February 1943 and the U-boat was launched on 2 October. About three months later she was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Friedrich-Wilhelm Marienfeld (Crew X/38) in the 31st U-boat Flotilla on 22 December 1943.

After work-up for deployment, U-1228 transferred to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla and left Kiel for the West Atlantic on 5 September 1944 for her first and only patrol. Stopping briefly in Bergen, Norway, for replenishment, she experienced engine troubles in the Norwegian Sea and had to return to port. She set off again on 12 October from Bergen and operated in the  Gulf of St. Lawrence sinking one warship,  in the Cabot Strait on the night of 24 November 1944.  All of Shawinigan'''s 90 crew members were lost, seven officers and 83 ratings including able seaman Dudley "Red" Garrett, a former Toronto Maple Leafs National Hockey League player. 

She returned to Bergen on 28 December 1944 and continued her journey to Flensburg the same day. On 17 January 1945, she arrived in Wesermünde where she spent the next two months in the yard. U-1228 set out again on 1 April 1945 for operations in the West Atlantic. After the surrender of Germany, the U-boat made for the closest Allied port and surrendered to US forces in Portsmouth, New Hampshire on 17 May 1945.

In August 1945 U-1228'' was awarded to the United States and after being tested, she was sunk by  on 5 February 1946 in position .

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

World War II submarines of Germany
German Type IX submarines
1943 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1943
Ships built in Hamburg
U-boats sunk in 1946
Maritime incidents in 1946
U-boats sunk by US submarines
Ships sunk as targets
Methyltrimethoxysilane. Methyltrimethoxysilane is an organosilicon compound with the formula CH3Si(OCH3)3.  It is a colorless, free-flowing liquid.  It is a crosslinker in the preparation of polysiloxane polymers.

Preparation, structure and reactivity
Methyltrimethoxysilane is usually prepared from methyltrichlorosilane and methanol:

CH3SiCl3 + 3 CH3OH  →  CH3Si(OCH3)3 + 3 HCl
Alcoholysis of alkylchlorosilanes typically proceeds via an SN2 mechanism.  Inversion of the configuration is favored during nucleophilic attack when displacing good leaving groups, such as chloride.  In contrast, displacement of poor leaving groups, such as alkoxide, retention is favored.

Methyltrimethoxysilane is tetrahedral and is often described as sp3 hybridized. It has idealized C3v point symmetry.

Hydrolysis of MTM proceeds both under acidic and basic conditions. Under acid conditions, rates of successive hydrolyses for methyltrimethoxysilane decreases with each step. Under basic condition the opposite is true.

See also
 Octadecyltrimethoxysilane

References

Silyl ethers
Alkoxides
Rolf Johan Lenschow. Rolf Johan Lenschow (9 August 1928 – 24 April 2014) was a Norwegian civil engineer.

He was born in Hauge i Dalane. He graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1954 took his PhD in 1966 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He became professor in concrete construction at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1968, and later served as rector of the University of Trondheim from 1987 to 1993. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
People from Sokndal
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Norwegian engineers
Rectors of universities and colleges in Norway
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
List of tallest buildings in Cyprus. As of 2023, Cyprus is going through a major construction phase that first began in late 2013 when legislation passed encouraging construction. Since then, hundreds of new housing units and mushrooming businesses have been, and are still being, introduced to Cyprus each year, mainly in the city of Limassol. The construction industry in Cyprus accounts for 7% of the country's GDP.

Currently, there are about 60 buildings that are proposed and/or under construction that will stand taller than 50m upon completion, out of which about the half of them are skyscrapers. The One high-rise residential building is the tallest tower in Cyprus, the tallest seafront residential building in Europe and amongst the 100 tallest buildings in the European Union. Amongst the recently completed projects is the City of Dreams Mediterranean which is the European Union's largest casino resort.

Tallest buildings in Cyprus 
The following lists rank all skyscrapers and high-rise buildings in Cyprus standing at least 100 metres (328 ft) and at least 50 metres (164 ft) tall, respectively.

Skyscrapers (≥100 meters)

High-Rise Buildings (50-100 meters)

Tallest building history

Tallest building by usage 
The list below denotes the tallest buildings by their usage. Buildings with multiple usages aren't listed.

Tallest building by city 
The list below denotes the tallest building per city.

Buildings under construction 
This list denotes buildings that are under construction or that have been proposed in Cyprus, and are planned to rise at least 50 metres.

Tallest structures 
The following is a list of all structures in Cyprus, other than buildings, with a height greater than 100 meters. A structure differs from a high-rise by its lack of floors and habitability.

See also 
List of tallest buildings in Europe
List of tallest buildings in the world
List of tallest buildings in Malta
List of tallest buildings in Israel

References 

Tallest
Cyprus
Skyscrapers in Cyprus
Cyprus
Sava-class river monitor. The Sava-class  river monitors were built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy during the mid-1910s. The two ships of the class were assigned to the Danube Flotilla and participated in World War I. The ships survived the war and were transferred to Romania and the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) as reparations.

Description and construction
The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a normal draught of . They displaced , and their crew consisted of 91 officers and enlisted men. The Sava-class ships were powered by two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam generated by two Yarrow boilers driving. The engines were rated at  and were designed to reach a top speed of . They carried  of fuel oil.

The main armament of the Sava-class river monitors was a pair of  L/45 guns in a single turret forward of the conning tower and a pair of  L/10 howitzers in the rear turret. They also mounted a pair of  L/26 anti-aircraft guns, two  L/44 guns, and seven machine guns. The maximum range of her Škoda  L/45 guns was . Her armour consisted of belt and bulkheads  thick, deck armour  thick, and her conning tower, gun turrets and cupolas were  thick.

Ships

Careers
In Romanian service, Bucovina (ex-Sava) was fitted for service at sea as an anti-submarine escort, having one of her seven machine guns replaced by one 610 mm depth charge thrower. Otherwise her armament remained unchanged. In Romanian service, she also had a range of 750 nautical miles, more than enough to travel across the greatest East-West extent of the Black Sea, which was 635 nautical miles (the Black Sea was the area of operations of the World War II Romanian Navy).

Notes

Footnotes

References
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Monitor classes
World War I naval ships of Austria-Hungary
World War I monitors
World War II monitors
Paula Hahn-Weinheimer. Paula Hahn-Weinheimer (1917  – 2002) was a German geochemist.

Education and early career
Paula Hahn-Weinheimer studied chemical engineering in Nuremberg and subsequently worked as a chemist for different companies. In 1943 she completed her studies at the Goethe University Frankfurt by obtaining a D.Sc. in organic chemistry. She then worked at the University of Giessen’s Institute for Organic Chemistry as well as at the Goethe University Frankfurt. As of 1948 she worked as a research assistant and lecturer at the Goethe University Frankfurt’s Department of Mineralogy where she obtained her official German postdoctoral qualification in geochemistry in 1958.

Professorship
In 1964, Paula Hahn-Weinheimer accepted a post at the Technical University of Munich (formerly known as THM) where she was head of research for geochemistry at the Department of Mineralogy, initially as a scientific associate and, as of 1970, as TUM’s first female associate professor (C3) in the field of natural sciences. Liesel Beckmann had become the first female associate professor in the field of business economics in 1946.

Research interests
Her research areas ranged from the investigation into magmatic and metamorphic rocks in order to clarify their genesis and age to the determination of the origin of graphite and various types of petroleum. Research and scientific education was very important to her. Hence she managed to establish comprehensive chemical analyses of trace elements and isotopes by raising extensive third-party funds from the industry and federal government as well as through a partnership with the Department of Radiochemistry in Garching.  She has made a lasting contribution by further developing the analysis of X-ray fluorescence and its application in geochemistry.  Due to her expertise in this field she was invited to spend sabbatical leaves at international institutions including the University of Oxford and the University of Cape Town as well as the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. In addition to the analysis of X-ray fluorescence, the excellent technical equipment of her department facilitated further analyses to determine elements and trace elements such as atomic absorption, mass spectrometry, optical emissions analysis, X-ray diffractometry, neutron activation analysis and the determination of isotopic abundance. A number of students took their doctorate under Paula Hahn-Weinheimer. One of her last students, Alfred V. Hirner (a post-doctoral student at the time), was her interim successor at the TUM and later initiated the field of analytical chemistry at the University of Duisburg-Essen (1991).

Publications and advocacy
Paula Hahn-Weinheimer is the author of more than 50 scientific publications. 

She was repeatedly featured in studies and exhibitions on the history of university education for women, especially with regard to the role women have played at technical universities in general and at the Technical University of Munich in particular.

References  
 

 

German women geologists
German mineralogists
1917 births 
2002 deaths
Scientists from Nuremberg
20th-century German geologists
Kership. The Kership class is a range of steel monohull offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) built by Kership, a joint venture of French civil shipbuilder Piriou (55%) and Naval shipbuilder DCNS (45%).

History 
The ships were originally part of the  but after a rearrangement of products DCNS decided to remove the OPV from the Gowind class and develop the OPVs as a class of their own with  top of the range. To do so it formed the Kership joint venture with the Piriou shipyard in Concarneau, Brittany in May 2013 to build and market lightly armed and armoured OPVs for customs, fishing and other home security missions. DCNS said this would enable it to concentrate on "developing relations" with clients seeking, heavily armed and armoured warships while Kership handles the more civilian-standard OPVs.

Vessels

Argentina (was France)
On 9 May 2010, DCNS started the building of one self-funded 1,410t Gowind patrol corvette called L'Adroit and announced that the craft will be made available to the French Navy between 2012 and 2015. The vessel is designed for patrol and sovereignty enforcement in littoral and exclusive economic zone waters and offers three weeks' endurance and a range of . Missions include special forces deployment by launching within 5 minutes and recovering two UFAST UFR 9.30 rigid-hulled inflatable boats from a stern ramp. It was sold to Argentina in 2018 and commissioned as ARA Bouchard.

Gabon 
On 29 October 2014, Ernest Mphouho Epigat, defence minister for the Gabonese Republic signed a contract with Piriou  to supply two offshore patrol vessels to the Gabonese Navy. One was to be of the Kership design. The unnamed vessel was called OPV50 by Piriou.

Specifications 
 Length overall 58.20 m
 Beam 9.50 m
 Draught 2.70 m
 Speed 21 kn
 Range 5,000 NM at 12 kn
 Hull / superstructure steel / aluminium
 Accommodation capacity 36 pers. 
– crew 28 pers. 
– special personnel 8 pers. 
 Weaponry 
– 1 x 20 mm gun on the fore-deck
– 2 x 12.7 mm machine guns

References

Patrol vessels of Gabon
Patrol ship classes
Mohammad Aslam Uqaili. Mohammad Aslam Uqaili is Former Vice Chancellor of Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan and a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering.

Uqaili graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from NED University of Engineering and Technology in 1986. He has earned masters and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering and masters in economics.

References

External links 
Faculty Members - Department of Electrical Engineering
Vice Chancellor's Message

Pakistani electrical engineers
Living people
Academic staff of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology
Vice-chancellors of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology
Year of birth missing (living people)
NED University of Engineering & Technology alumni
Choi Soon-dal. Choi Soon-dal (; June 20, 1931 – October 18, 2014) was a scientist who pioneered South Korea's satellite-building program and greatly advanced Korea into the new digital information era. Dr. Choi's contributions to pioneering Korean space development have not only been widely publicized, but he is also regarded as the father of Korea's space development.

He was born on June 20, 1931 in Daegu.

Choi was instrumental in helping the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute develop the Electronic Switching System (TDX), the world's tenth such system, which propelled Korea to join the digital information era. He served as a minister in the Ministry of Information and Communication (South Korea).  He was the visionary first dean of the Korean Institute of Technology, which later became a part of KAIST.   As a professor at KAIST, he created the KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center and led a collaboration with students from KAIST and the University of Surrey to successfully engineer the first Korean satellite, KITSAT-1, also named "Our Star."  The satellite was successfully launched from the Guiana Space Center in 1992.

Choi became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1985.

Choi died on October 18, 2014, at the age of 83 in Seoul. He was posthumously awarded a national medal of honor for his contribution to science and technology on October 21, 2014. He is the fourth civilian allowed to be buried at the Daejeon National Cemetery.

His wife, Hong Hae Jung, died in October 2023 in New York. They are survived by four children and six grandchildren who reside in the United States.

References

South Korean scientists
1931 births
2014 deaths
Seoul National University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Stanford University alumni
Academic staff of KAIST
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Burials at Daejeon National Cemetery
South Korean electrical engineers
Supermarine Type 553. The Supermarine Type 553 was a British Mach 2 research aircraft project from 1953 that never proceeded beyond the initial proposal.

Design and development
The difficulty of achieving Mach 2 flight was realised during the development of the 545, which led to Vickers-Supermarine proposing the 553 with a swept wing that would reduce aerodynamic drag. It was to have been built using aluminium alloy which limited the top speed, and the Air Ministry wanted a twin engine design in which alternative engines could readily be installed, and 553 development was abandoned. Lack of endurance was also cited as a problem. The Bristol 188 was developed instead.

Specifications (Supermarine Type 553)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Type 553
1950s British experimental aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Supermarine Type 324. The Supermarine Type 324 and Type 325 were British two-engined fighter designs proposed as the replacement for the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricane. Neither of them nor a revised design - the Type 327 - to carry cannon was accepted for development and production.

Development
As an aircraft to succeed the Hurricane and Spitfire then entering service, Air Ministry specification F.18/37 required a 400+ mph (at 15,000 ft) fighter with twelve .303 inch machine gun armament. Hawker Aircraft submitted a single seat, single engine design with two possible engines, the Hawker Tornado powered by the Rolls-Royce Vulture and the Hawker Typhoon, with Napier Sabre engine.

Gloster submitted two similar twin-boom designs with 12 Browning machine guns in the nose and a pusher Sabre engine as well as an adaptation of  their proposal to F.9/37 with nose-mounted armament. Bristol's design was one airframe offered with three alternative engines.

In 1938 Supermarine submitted brochures describing the Type 324 (under the company specification No.458) along with the Type 325. Both were compact twin-engine designs - one tractor and one pusher - with either Rolls-Royce Merlin or Bristol Taurus engines.

Hawker's designs - which Sydney Camm had been working on since April 1937 - were accepted and prototypes of each ordered.

Overview
The Type 324 was a low-wing, twin-engined monoplane featuring the elliptical wing shape of the Spitfire, with retractable tricycle undercarriage.

Twin engines were expected to give a maximum speed of 450 mph maximum. In addition, the twin layout gave the usual advantages of torque cancellation, improved pilot view, tricycle landing gear, performance, improved take-off performance and allowed the use of the proven Merlin engine.

The structure of the aircraft was Alclad aluminium alloy. The wing was designed in sections, so that alternative engines (Taurus) or armament could be accommodated. Fowler flaps were fitted for take-off/landing. Spoiler flaps were fitted to improve performance.

A number of armament types were considered. The main was 12 Browning in two packs of six in each wing outer section; these could be removed complete with ammunition to allow rapid rearming and servicing of the weapons.

When the Air Ministry felt progress on the Westland Whirlwind cannon-armed fighter was too slow, they asked for the F.18/37 tenders to be revised with 20mm cannon armament. Supermarine dropped the pusher design and proposed a six-cannon fighter as the Type 327. The Ministry did not feel its advantages outweighed other considerations, and that the Whirlwind - or the adaption of the Bristol Beaufort - would enter service before Supermarine's design could.

Powerplant
Rolls-Royce Merlin
Max speed: 450 mph
Cruise speed at 15000 ft: 195 mph

Measurements

Span  
41 ft x 40 ft
Root Chord
9mm x 9 ft
Mean Chord
7.08mm x 7.08 ft
Length
31.5 ft x 33.5 ft
Height
10.2 ft x 9.75 ft

References
 Buttler, Tony. Secret Projects: British Fighters and Bombers 1935-1950 (British Secret Projects 3). Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. .

External links

1930s British fighter aircraft
Type 324