omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
George Necula. George Ciprian Necula is a Romanian computer scientist, engineer at Google, and former professor at the University of California, Berkeley who does research in the area of programming languages and software engineering, with a particular focus on software verification and formal methods. He is best known for his Ph.D. thesis work first describing proof-carrying code, a work that received the 2007 SIGPLAN Most Influential POPL Paper Award.

Life and work 
Originally from Baia Mare, Romania, Necula received a BS in Computer Science (1992) from the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. He then came to Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, completing his MS in Computer Science (1995) and PhD in Computer Science (1998) under programming-languages researcher Peter Lee. His PhD work introduced proof-carrying code, which was influential as a mechanism to allow untrusted machine code to run safely without performance overhead. He joined as faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1998.

More recently, Necula's work has focused on open-source analysis, verification, and transformation tools for C, including the C Intermediate Language (CIL), CCured , and Deputy .

C Intermediate Language

C Intermediate Language (CIL) is a simplified subset of the C programming language, as well as a set of tools for transforming C programs into that language.
Several other tools use CIL as a way to have access to a C abstract syntax tree. One of these programs is Frama-C (Framework to Analyze C programs).

Awards 
Necula is a Fellow of the Okawa Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (see Sloan Fellowship). He received the Grace Murray Hopper Award in 2001, the National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 1999, and the ACM SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award in 2006.

References

External links
George Necula's homepage at UC Berkeley
George Necula's faculty page at UC Berkeley 
CIL on GitHub

Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Living people
People from Baia Mare
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
Programming language researchers
Romanian computer scientists
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Macchi M.6. The Macchi M.6 was an Italian flying boat fighter prototype of 1917.

Design and development
In 1917, Nieuport-Macchi built the M.6. for comparison with its Macchi M.5 flying boat fighter, which went into service that year and operated successfully over the Adriatic Sea against Austro-Hungarian forces during World War I. The M.6 was identical to the M.5 in most respects; like the M.5, it was a single-seat wooden biplane flying boat fighter with plywood and fabric skin, powered by a 139-kilowatt (187-brake horsepower) Isotta Fraschini V.4B engine mounted on struts above the hull and below the upper wing, driving a pusher propeller. Its cockpit was beneath the radiator, it was armed with a single 7.7-millimeter (0.303-inch) Vickers machine gun, and its hull was of the same design. It differed from the M.5 in having a different wing cellule; instead of the interplane Vee struts used in the M.5 to brace the wings and the smaller Vee struts used in the M.5 to support the overhanging leading edge of the upper wing, the M.6 had parallel steel tube struts. The outermost of a set of parallel struts were placed farther outboard in the M.6 than the Vee struts in the M.5, and the M.6 had additional parallel struts closer to the hull.

Comparative trials were held between the M.6 prototype and standard M.5 aircraft to evaluate whether the M.6s revised wing cellule provided any advantage over that of the M.5 fighter. It did not, so further development of the M.6 was abandoned and no more M.6 aircraft were built.

Operators
 
 Corpo Aeronautico Militare

Specifications

Notes:
Time to 4,000 m (13,123 ft): 20 min

See also

Notes

References

Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown. New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994. 
http://www.aviastar.org/air/italy/macchi_m-6.php.

1910s Italian fighter aircraft
M.06
Aircraft first flown in 1917
World Port Center. World Port Centre is a 33-storey,  skyscraper in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Infrastructure

Designer 
Sir Norman Foster designed the 32-storey building. This British architect gained international fame with his designs for the London Stansted Airport, the Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank in Hong Kong, the extension of the Reichstag building in Berlin and the  Commerzbank Tower in Frankfurt. In 1992 he designed the master plan of the entire Wilhelminapier, where the World Port Centre is standing.

Builder 
The tower was commissioned by ING Real Estate Development. The building costs amounted to approximately NLG100 million. The Port of Rotterdam Authority is the main occupant of the WPC, using floors 2 to 19. Floors 25 to 28 are rented to Eneco Energie, floors 29 to 32 are built as conference areas and are commercially leased to Regus. The grounds also cover the Argentine steak-restaurant Gaucho's.

Features 
As the building stands at the far point of the Wilhelmina pier it is built on, there is a view of the surrounding harbours and city from the higher floors. The building is also an emergency centre, designed to deal with potential catastrophes in the port area and act as a coordination centre.

Gallery

References 

Office buildings completed in 2001
Foster and Partners buildings
Skyscraper office buildings in Rotterdam
2001 establishments in the Netherlands
List of educational institutions in Patna. 

Universities

Amity University, Patna
Aryabhatta Knowledge University
Bihar Animal Sciences University                       
Bihar Engineering University  ,                            Bihar University of Health Sciences
Chanakya National Law University
Maulana Mazharul Haque Arabic and Persian University
Nalanda Open University
Patliputra University, Patna
Patna University, Patna
Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur
Lalit Narayan Mithila University,Darbhanga
Munger University, Munger
Purnea University, Purnea
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University
Central University of South Bihar, Gaya
Mahatma Gandhi Central University,Motihari

Engineering institution

Bakhtiyarpur College of Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology, Patna
Indian Institute of Technology, Patna
Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology
National Institute of Technology, Patna
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Bihta

R.P. Sharma Institute of Technology

Government polytechnic in patna
Government Polytechnic, Patna-7,Government Polytechnic, Patna-13

Management/IT
 Amity Global Business School
 Catalyst Institute of Management and Advance Global Excellence (CIMAGE)
 Chandragupt Institute of Management
 Cybotech Campus
 Department of FMS, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna
 Development Management Institute
 International School of Management Patna
 Lalit Narayan Mishra Institute of Economic Development and Social Change
 St. Xavier's College of Management and Technology

Medical Science
 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna
 Government Ayurvedic College, Patna
 Government Tibbi College and Hospital, Patna
 Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences
 Nalanda Medical College and Hospital
 National Institute of Health Education & Research
 Patna Medical College and Hospital (earlier Prince of Wales Medical College)
 Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (under ICMR)

Dental Science
 Patna Dental College

General
 Anugrah Narayan College, Patna
 Bihar National College
 Magadh Mahila College
 Paras Nath Kushwaha College
 Patna College
 Patna Women's College
 St. Xavier's College, Patna
 Vanijya Mahavidyala

Design/Fashion
College of Arts and Crafts, Patna
National Institute of Fashion Technology Patna

Others
 Asian Development Research Institute
 Bihar Institute of Law
 Bihar Urdu Academy
 British Lingua
 Oriental college, Patna city
 Patna Law College
 Patna Training College
 Patna Women's Training College
 Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Patna
 St. Xavier's College of Education

Schools of Patna

See also
 List of educational institutions in Bihar
 Education in Bihar
 List of schools in India

References

Institutions
Patna-related lists
Patna
Greaseproof paper. Greaseproof paper is paper that is impermeable to oil or grease, and is normally used in cooking or food packaging. It is usually produced by refining the paper stock  and thus creating a sheet with very low porosity. This is then passed between hard pressure rollers (supercalendered) to further increase the density, creating a paper called glassine. The glassine is treated with starches, alginates or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a size press to fill pores or treat the paper chemically to make it fat repellent. Basis weights are usually 30–50 g/m2.

See also
 Darcy (unit)
 Parchment paper
 Permeability (earth sciences)
 Permeation
 Wax paper

References

External links 
 Greaseproof Board

Paper
Food preparation utensils
Bot River. Bot River () is a river in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The Bot River mouth, located at Fisherhaven and Kleinmond, is a Ramsar site. Its tributaries include the Swart River. The river falls within the Drainage system G.

Etymology 
The Afrikaans name  is a contraction of . This comes from the Khoekhoe making and bartering butter with traders in the Cape.

See also 
 List of rivers of South Africa
 List of dams in South Africa
 List of drainage basins of South Africa
 Water Management Areas

References

Rivers of the Western Cape
Automation Anywhere. Automation Anywhere is an American global software company that develops robotic process automation (RPA) software.

Founded in 2003, the company is headquartered in San Jose, California.

History 
Automation Anywhere was originally founded as Tethys Solutions, LLC in San Jose,  by Mihir Shukla, Neeti Mehta Shukla, Ankur Kothari and Rushabh Parmani.  The company rebranded itself as Automation Anywhere, Inc. in 2010.

As of early 2021, the company reported some 2,800 client firms around the world.  Customers cited in 2020 included Volkswagen, Whirlpool, and other organizations.

The company's 2,100+ partner relationships  include collaborations with Microsoft, Google, and Amazon Web Services to advance intelligent automation, and with Salesforce, to help its customers automate their front-office business processes. In early 2021, the company had 110+ customers who are also partners.

Between 2018 and 2019, Automation Anywhere received a total of $840 million in Series A and Series B investments at a post-money valuation of $6.9 billion. In 2018 the company announced a total of Series A investments of $550 million from General Atlantic, Goldman Sachs, NEA, World Innovation Lab, SoftBank Investment Advisers, and Workday Ventures. In late 2019, a Series B round, led by Salesforce Ventures, raised $290 million.

In 2019, the company acquired Klevops, a privately owned company based in Paris that works in the finance, banking and telecommunications industries.

In December 2021, Automation Anywhere announced it intends to acquire process discovery startup FortressIQ.

Automation Anywhere's co-founder, Neeti Mehta Shukla, received the Women's Entrepreneurship Day Organization’s Technology Pioneer Award at the United Nations in 2022.

References 

Software testing tools
Automation software
Software companies based in California
Web scraping
Software companies of the United States
2003 establishments in the United States
2003 establishments in California
Software companies established in 2003
Companies established in 2003
Buxton Hjordis. The Buxton Hjordis was a single-seat sailplane built by Slingsby Sailplanes Ltd. in the UK to a design by G.M Buxton.  Only one was constructed and was flown by Philip Wills at competitions in Europe between 1935-7.

Development
The sole Buxton Hjordis was a high-performance sailplane designed by G.M  "Mungo" Buxton and built in 1935 by Slingsby Sailplanes Ltd. It was a single-seater of all-wood construction. Its straight-tapered, cantilever wing was pedestal-mounted and was without flaps or airbrakes.  The fuselage was circular in cross section with the cockpit immediately in front of the wing leading edge and a wheel-less, single-skid main undercarriage. Aft, the fuselage tapered to carry a very small triangular fin, on which was mounted a much taller, wide chord rudder of rounded triangular shape and with a vertical leading edge. The horizontal tail was small and essentially all elevator apart from a leading-edge hinge.

Buxton began the design of a development, the Hjordis 2 which was completed and built  by Slingsby Aviation as the King Kite.

Operational history
The Hjordis first flew on 27 June 1935.  It had been designed and built for the well-known British glider pilot, Philip Wills, and he flew it at the British National Gliding Competitions at Sutton Bank in September 1935.  He also flew it at the International Competition held between 14-47 July 1937  at the Wasserkuppe, Germany.  At that time it was registered as G-GAAA.  The following year it went to South Africa as ZS-23.

The name

Hjordis is a character in Norse mythology, the mother of Sigurd/Siegfried.

Specifications

Notes

References

1930s British sailplanes
Buxton Hjordis
Aircraft first flown in 1935
High-wing aircraft
Mir EO-6. Mir EO-6 was the sixth long duration expedition to the space station Mir. The two crew members were Anatoli Soloviyov (Commander) and Aleksandr Balandin (Flight Engineer).

Crew

The backup crew for this expedition were Gennadi Manakov (Commander) and Gennadi Strekalov (Flight Engineer).

Overview

Crew arrival
The two crew members arrived at Mir via Soyuz TM-9, which launched on 11 February 1990. The Soyuz spacecraft docked on to the Kvant2 Complex.

Mission highlights
While on board, the crew conducted an extensive programme of geophysical and astrophysical research, experiments on biology and biotechnology and work on space materials science. They started the commercial production of crystal in highest quality for a US electronics company. A protein grow experiment was also profitable (25 million rubels). A first EVA was conducted on 17 July 1990, lasting 7h 16m, in which Soyuz TM-9 was repaired after three of eight thermal blankets had come loose near the heat shield. Another EVA was performed on 26 July 1990 (3h 31m), in order to repair the Kvant2 Module hatch, but this failed.

Expedition conclusion
The crew left on Soyuz TM-9 on 9 August 1990. The expedition in total lasted 179 days, 1 hour and 17 minutes. The crew completed 2833 orbits of the Earth.

See also

 1990 in spaceflight

References

External links
 Space Facts

Mir
1990 in the Soviet Union
Ceramic heater. A ceramic heater as a consumer product is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). Ceramic heaters are usually portable and typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element fan heaters.

Heating principle 
PTC ceramic material is semi-conductive and when voltage is applied to it, the power decreases quickly as it reaches a certain temperature according to the particular composition of the ceramic. The ceramic elements are in contact with aluminium fins, thereby heating the fins. A fan blows air across the fins, cooling the fins as they heat the air.

Differences from other electric heaters 
Electric heating elements made of resistance wire also have a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity, but do not increase their resistance enough to be self-regulating; they are typically used with the wires red-hot. The ceramic, on the other hand, increases its resistance sharply at the Curie temperatures of the crystalline components, typically 120 degrees Celsius, and remains below 200 degrees Celsius, providing a significant safety advantage. Ceramic heaters also have thermostats which switch power to the PTC array on and off in response to the temperature of the room, like other types of heater.

History 
Heater vendors first offered ceramic heaters in 1986. By 1989, approximately twenty percent of portable household heaters sold in the USA were ceramic heaters.

Heating elements 
Ceramic fin is one type of heating element used in heaters. These units contain a solid block of ceramic material with metal fins attached. An electric current heats the block, which in turn heats the fins. The fins then heat the air. In another type of heating element, the honeycomb disk, the block of ceramic is perforated with numerous holes. The air is heated as it flows through the holes. No fins are required for honeycomb disk heating elements.

Criticism 
In the 1980s, some manufacturers were making advertising claims that critics such as New York Times writer Matthew L. Wald found dubious. In particular, manufacturers claimed ceramic heaters produced more heat than conventional ones, even when both were rated with the same heat output.

Consumers Union has not found significant differences between ceramic and conventional heaters. However, in its 1989 review, the testing organization did treat ceramic heaters as a separate category, as a response to manufacturer claims. The only significant difference it found was ceramic heaters were substantially more expensive. As a category, the conventional heaters it tested that year slightly outperformed ceramic heaters in the areas of evenly heating all parts of a room and at holding the room at a steady temperature. Consumers Union did find ceramic heaters' characteristic of sharply reducing heat output when airflow was blocked to be a useful safety feature. However, it found that the tip-over switches and overheat-protection sensors included in many conventional heaters also provided good safety.

References

Heaters
Votorantim Siderurgia. Votorantim Siderurgia is a steel company created in 2008 by Brazilian conglomerate Votorantim Group. At the time it was created, the company had 5,300 employees and operations in Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia and installed capacity of 2.45 million tonnes per year.

The company controls three steel mills in Latin America and the fourth is under construction in Brazil. In addition to their own plants, they hold 13% of the voting shares of Usiminas. The oldest unit is a steel Barra Mansa in Rio de Janeiro State, 1937. The other two plants - Acerías Paz del Río, Colombia, and AcerBrag in Argentina - were acquired in 2007. The steel construction, which entered into operation in September 2009, is located at Resende(RJ) and its ability to produce 1.03 million tons of long steel.

In addition to producing and selling steel, Votorantim Siderurgia acts in the operation of mines of iron ore and coal and in the development and management of forest plantations for the production of charcoal used in the production of pig iron, a major raw materials for the manufacture of steel.

In February 2017, ArcelorMittal and Votorantim announced plans to combine their long steel operations in Brazil. Under the deal, Votorantim Siderurgia became a subsidiary of ArcelorMittal Brasil.

References

External links
www.vsiderurgia.com.br

Steel companies of Brazil
Manufacturing companies based in São Paulo
Votorantim Group
List of power stations in Iceland. The following page lists all power stations in Iceland. Nearly all of Iceland's electricity (>99%) is generated from renewables (mainly hydroelectric dams and geothermal). The islands of Grimsey and Flatey rely on diesel as they are not connected to the grid.

Hydroelectricity

Over 80% of electricity in Iceland is generated in hydroelectric power stations. The hydroelectric power stations, historically all run by Landsvirkjun, are central to the existence of Iceland as an industrialized country.

The largest power station by far is Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant (690 MW), which generates electricity in the area north of Vatnajökull for the production of aluminum.

Geothermal 
Iceland uses geothermal energy for heating as well as electricity generation.

See also 

 List of power stations in Europe
 List of largest power stations in the world

References

Iceland
 
Power stations
Lateral strain. In continuum mechanics, lateral strain, also known as transverse strain, is defined as the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material to its diameter due to deformation in the longitudinal direction. It occurs when under the action of a longitudinal stress, a body will extend in the direction of the stress and contract in the transverse or lateral direction (in the case of tensile stress). When put under compression, the body will contract in the direction of the stress and extend in the transverse or lateral direction. It is a dimensionless quantity, as it is a ratio between two quantities of the same dimension.

Poisson's Ratio 

Poisson's Ratio defines the ratio between the negative lateral strain and the longitudinal strain, so lateral strain can be calculated using:

.

Exceptions 

Some materials, known as auxetics, possess a negative Poisson's ratio because of their unique molecular structure. Because of this property, they experience a positive lateral strain alongside a positive longitudinal strain, and vice versa.

See also 
 Deformation (mechanics)
 Poisson's Ratio

References

Continuum mechanics
RAPOSA. RAPOSA is a robot for Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, designed to operate in outdoors hazardous environments, such as debris resulting from structure collapses. At this stage, the robot is equipped for search operations only, defined as the tele-operated detection of victims, using specific sensors, whose information is transmitted to the remote operator. The robot equipment (sensors) may be adapted to the specific needs. At the moment it includes 3 conventional cameras, one thermal camera, several explosive and toxic gas sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, inclinometers, artificial lights, microphone and speakers. The robot dimensions are length: 75 cm, width: 37 cm, height: 17,5 cm and weight: 27 kg.

The RAPOSA robot was developed by a consortium led by the company IDMind, together with ISR/IST, the Lisbon firefighters brigade, and the University of South California. It was financed by AdI and POSI.

The robot is semi-autonomous, i.e., it is tele-operated via a wireless link from a remote console using a conventional GUI and a gamepad, but can simultaneously display the capacity to carry out short tasks autonomously. The robot can execute commands sent by a team of SAR experts, located in a safe place. During task execution, the robot is able to process the information from different sensors to the remote command station, so as to provide the human team with relevant information on its surrounding environment (terrain conditions, temperature, dangerous gases, water or heat sources, either from human victims or not). The robot has small dimensions and weight. It is tolerant to impact, dust and humidity and its all terrain capable, namely it can climb stairs. Moreover, it can be lifted by a cable, to facilitate deployment from a height (e.g., into a pipeline).

Research is currently being carried out with the aim of endowing RAPOSA with a higher degree of autonomy, meaning that certain operations requiring manual operation can be done autonomously by the robot. These include: autonomous stair climbing, autonomous docking, and preventive stop after hole detection. Moreover, human–robot interaction issues are also being tackled by improving the operator interface, namely exploring augmented reality techniques.

Notes and references

External links
 
Temperature & Humidity Sensor
combustible gas sensors

Rescue and protection robots
Robots of Portugal
Tracked robots
2005 robots