omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Buddle pit. A buddle pit or buddle pond is an ore processing technique that separates heavier minerals from lighter minerals when the crushed ore is washed in water. This technique was used in the mining industry to extract metals such as tin, lead and zinc. Many buddles seen today date from the Victorian era and are often circularly shaped. There was also a variation called the concave buddle, which had a concave bottom.

The pit, often constructed from stone, cement, or brick and mortar, contained water and used a set of brushes often powered by a water wheel which rotated in the water in order to agitate the mixture. The result of which was that the heavier and denser material - i.e. the ore - tended to collect at the centre of the pit, from where it could be retrieved. The byproduct was then drained off and disposed of.

Usually a set of buddle pits were used to further refine the ore, where the processed ore was put in another buddle until the achieved concentration of the desired mineral was met.

The following detailed extract comes from Machinery for Metalliferous Mines: A practical treatise for mining engineers, metallurgists and managers of mines, by E. Henry Davies, C. Lockwood and son, 1902 :

See also
 Buddle pits in Dartmoor
 Metal mining
 Metal mining in Wales
 Adelong Falls Gold Workings (Australia)

References

Mining techniques
History of mining
Petersen matrix. The Petersen matrix is a comprehensive description of systems of biochemical reactions used to model reactors for pollution control (engineered decomposition) as well as in environmental systems. It has as many columns as the number of relevant involved components (chemicals, pollutants, biomasses, gases) and as many rows as the number of involved processes (biochemical reactions and physical degradation). One further column is added to host the description of the kinetics of each transformation (rate equation).

Matrix structure 
The mass conservation principle for each process is expressed in the rows of the matrix. If all components are included (none omitted) then the mass conservation principle states that, for each process:

 

where  is the density rate of each component. This can also be seen as the process stoichiometric relation.

Moreover, the rate of variation of each component for all processes simultaneous effect can be easily assessed by summing the columns:

 

where  are the reaction rates of each process.

Example 
A system of a third order reaction followed by a Michaelis–Menten enzyme reaction.

{A} + 2B -> S
{E} + S <=>[k_f][k_r] ES ->[k_\mathrm{cat}] {E} + P

where the reagents A and B combine forming the substrate S (S = AB2), which with the help of enzyme E is transformed into the product P.
Production rates for each substance is:

Therefore, the Petersen matrix reads as

The Petersen matrix can be used to write the system's rate equation

References 

Biodegradation
Biodegradable waste management
Chemical processes
Simon Carves. Simon Carves Engineering Ltd. is an engineering company headquartered in Manchester, England. It was founded in 1878 by Henry Simon and is a subsidiary of Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding.

History
Simon Carves was founded in 1878 by Henry Simon after he visited the Bessèges works at Terrenoire and saw the potential for the coke oven business in development by François Carvès. He secured the patent rights to this innovative technology and in due course established the company.

In 1890, Henry Simon left a note to his sons, who were to inherit control of the company, urging them to acquire a sound technical education and to keep in close touch with scientific development throughout the world. His desire for them to be in a continuous search for engineering specialities and patents which would be used to improve the efficiency of large scale industrial processes in Britain and elsewhere, has eked into the company mentality and remains a leading factor in Simon Carves Engineering's approach to business today.

In 2006, the business was purchased by Punj Lloyd. In 2016, it was sold to ECI Group, a subsidiary of Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding.

Overview
The Simon Carves brand has become synonymous with numerous technologies, including nuclear power, gasification, fertiliser, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, having delivered over 4,000 projects across six continents in 60 countries.

They are recognised as the world's leading specialist engineering contractor for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA); responsible for the design of 25% of the current global operating capacity. To date they have designed and supplied for more than 65 plants for polymer manufacturing, including 80 streams in 40 plants for LDPE and EVA.

References

External links
Simon Engineering Group Archives 1860s–1970s
 Grace's Guide on Henry Simon, Henry Simon Ltd, Simon-Carves Ltd, Simon Engineering Ltd

Companies based in Manchester
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1878
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Mitsui
Nuclear technology companies of the United Kingdom
1878 establishments in England
Airdrome Dream Fantasy Twin. The Airdrome Dream Fantasy Twin is an American ultralight trainer and amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft was derived from the single seat Airdrome Dream Classic and is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Airdrome Dream Fantasy Twin features a cable-braced biplane layout, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration mounted above the cockpit on the keel tube.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome Dream Fantasy Twin has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . It can be equipped with engines ranging from . The standard engine used is the  two stroke Rotax 503, with  Rotax 582,  Rotax 447,  Rotax 377 or a  Volkswagen air-cooled engine optional. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 200 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
Four examples had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Dream Fantasy Twin)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
TIA-942. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) ANSI/TIA-942-C Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers is an American National Standard (ANS) that specifies the minimum requirements for data center infrastructure and is often cited by companies such as ADC Telecommunications and Cisco Systems.
The standard was updated to revision C in May 2024 by the TIA TR-42.1 Engineering Committee of industry experts. 

== 
The ANSI/TIA-942-C specification references private and public domain data center requirements for data center infrastructure elements such as:  
 Telecommunications
 Electrical systems
Mechanical systems
 Resiliency levels
Building architecture
Fire safety
Physical security
Monitoring
TIA-942 certification programs are offered through TIA-licensed certification bodies that assess and certify compliance to the TIA-942 standard.  TIA has released a licensing scheme for TIA-942 audits and has laid down specific criteria for organizations who wish to conduct 3rd party external audits. Once fulfilled they will be licensed as a CAB - Conformity Assessment Body. Data centers conforming to the TIA-942 standard are listed on the website; https://tiaonline.org/942-datacenters/.

Newer revisions 
The ANSI/TIA-942-C has been published in May 2024.

References

Local area networks
Telecommunications standards
Martin Luther (steam locomotive). Martin Luther is an 8 NHP Compound J & H McLaren steam-driven traction engine Works No 527 built in November 1895 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK and abandoned in the desert of Skeleton Coast outside of the town of Swakopmund in Namibia, ca. 4 km from the town centre.

The "Road Locomotive" was brought to German South-West Africa by First Lieutenant Edmund Troost of the Schutztruppe for use for freight service between Swakopmund and the interior of the country, for which ox wagons had been used. The route had insufficient grazing for the oxen because of droughts and seasonal conditions, and a great many oxen died along the way.

To remedy this situation, Troost purchased the traction engine through the J & H McLaren Engineers (Leeds) agents in Germany, Fr. Dehne in Halberstadt, and had it shipped from Hamburg to Swakopmund. However, at its destination it was found that the offloading facilities could not cope with the locomotive's weight of 280 cwt (ca. 14 tonnes), and the ship continued to Walvis Bay, where the locomotive could be offloaded.

The locomotive then remained in Walvis Bay for the next four months, as Troost had other obligations in Cape Town. When Troost was able to attend to the matter again, the engine driver hired to drive it had already left for Europe again. The engine was then driven by an American and a Boer to Swakopmund over the next three months, with the engine sinking in sand almost every 50 metres. Enormous quantities of water were also required for the operation of the locomotive.

In Swakopmund, only inadequate service was available, and very few spare parts. However, the engine transported a few loads to Nonidas (ca. 11 km) and to Heigamchab.

At the beginning of 1897, due to incorrect handling, the engine ground to a halt about 4 km outside of Swakopmund, and was abandoned there. A local resident Max Rhode is said to have said in a gathering in the Bismarck Hotel the following words: “Did you know that the steam ox is called ‘Martin Luther’ now because it can also say — ‘Here I stand, I can do no other’”. Thus the engine gained its present name, although recent scholars have doubts as to whether Luther ever did utter these words.

The engine has been restored twice, first in 1973, and more recently between 2000 and 2004. After the second restoration job, a protective house was built for the engine, as it was by then apparent that the frequent mists of Swakopmund would quickly damage the engine again.

References

External links
Martin Luther on namibia-1on1.com
Martin Luther on Namibweb.com

Traction engines
Swakopmund
Road transport in Namibia
Railway museums in Namibia
Airdrome Bleriot Model XI. The Airdrome Bleriot Model XI, also referred to as the Airdrome Bleriot XI, is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is available as a full-scale or 3/4 replica of the French Blériot XI 1909 pioneer aircraft that was designed by Louis Blériot and used to fly across the English Channel on 25 July 1909. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Bleriot Model XI features a cable-braced monoplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from steel and aluminum, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The full scale Airdrome Bleriot Model XI has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . The standard engine used on the full-scale version is the  four stroke Rotec R2800 radial engine, while the 3/4 scale version uses a Volkswagen air-cooled engine. Building time from the factory-supplied full scale kit is estimated at 375 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
Three examples of the full scale and one 3/4 kit had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Full Scale Bleriot Model XI)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Replica aircraft
Airdrome DeHavilland DH-2. The Airdrome DeHavilland DH-2 is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is an 80% scale replica of the First World War British Airco DH.2 fighter, used to counter the Fokker Scourge of 1915. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome DeHavilland DH-2 features a strut-braced biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from steel and aluminum, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome DeHavilland DH-2 has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . It can be equipped with engines ranging from . The standard engine used is the  Valley Engineering Big Twin four stroke engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 350 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
Two examples had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (DeHavilland DH-2)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Lockheed XFM-2. The Lockheed XPB-3, later designated XFM-2 (PB pursuit, biplace / FM fighter, multi-seat), was a proposed American heavy fighter aircraft, developed by the Lockheed Corporation during the mid-1930s. Intended as a heavy fighter and bomber destroyer for operation by the United States Army Air Corps, it failed to win a contract for construction of a prototype, the Bell YFM-1 Airacuda being preferred.

Design and development
Given the Lockheed designation Model 11, the XFM-2 was developed in response to a United States Army Air Corps requirement for a heavy, twin-engined "bomber destroyer". Originally designated XPB-3 in the "pursuit, biplace" category, it was redesignated "XFM-2", for "fighter, multiplace" early in development. Intended to be powered by two Allison V-1710 supercharged engines, the aircraft was designed for an armament of two 37 mm cannons: one mounted in a nose turret and the other in a dorsal turret behind the cockpit.

The XFM-2 featured a tricycle landing gear configuration and was a mid-wing monoplane of nearly medium bomber size. The empennage featured a twin-tail arrangement. Although the XFM-2 design was evaluated favorably by the Air Corps, the Bell YFM-1 Airacuda was selected to fill the bomber destroyer requirement, and further work on the XFM-2 was abandoned.

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

FM-002
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Mid-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Brindavan College of Engineering. Brindavan College of Engineering (also referred to as BrCE) is an engineering college in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The college is affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum and approved by the AICTE, New Delhi. BrCE offers a four-year graduate programme in engineering leading to the award of the degree Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.). The college postgraduate programmes in Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Computer Applications (MCA).

The campus is 1 km from Baglur cross, on the way to Baglur on Hyderabad-Bangalore NH 7.

History 

BrCE was started by Dr. Majed A.A. Sabha, in 2008 after the success of Brindavan Group of Institutions in 1992.
B.R Shetty Venture.

Courses offered

Undergraduate programme 

Bachelor of Engineering (BE)
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Communication Engineering 
Computer Sciences and Engineering  
Information Science and Engineering 
Civil Engineering

Postgraduate programme 

Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Specializations
 Finance
 Human Resource
 Marketing
 Information Technology

Master of Computer Application (MCA)
Master of Technology (M.Tech.)
Specializations
 Civil Structural Engineering

Library 

The library has online search facilities, a Book Bank, and an inter-library loan facility with British Council Library, Bangalore and NAL, Bangalore.

Hostels 

Separate hostels for boys and girls are within the campus. Both hostels house seniors as well as junior under same hostel.

Extracurricular activities 

Football, cricket, basketball and volleyball courts are available inside the campus. The annual college sports meet is held every year between August and October. Competitions are held to encourage students in music, dance, drama, painting, rangoli, ethnic day celebration etc.

References 

Engineering colleges in Bengaluru
All India Council for Technical Education
Affiliates of Visvesvaraya Technological University
Universities and colleges established in 2008
2008 establishments in Karnataka
Modak Sagar. Modak Sagar is a lake located in Thane district on the Vaitarna River. It has an overflow level of 163.15 meters, making it the second largest of the lakes supplying water to the city of Mumbai.

History
Special engineer Mr. N.V.Modak also known as Nanasaheb Modak, who designed and executed Mumbai's Marine drive was the author of 'Outline of the master plan for Greater Bombay' which is still in the archives of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai.

To solve the potable water supply issue for Mumbai, he took up the project and inspected all the three districts of Nashik, Pune and Thane and found that the Vaitarna river flowing from Igatpuri in Nashik district to Khardi in Thane district has a good flow of water. They built a 
dam on the river nearby and built a lake.

The dam was built in 1956. From that lake, water started coming to Mumbai every day from 1957. In memory of this talented engineer, the corporation named the lake 'Modaksagar' after Nanasaheb Modak.

Access

The Dam premises are protected by the state government. Access is only for officials from the MCGM, however if anyone wishes to see the dam you need to take permission from their head office at CST.

Hydrology and dam features

Flora and fauna

The lake is home to crocodiles that inhabit the shallow waters near its coast

Limnology

References

PDF: Outline of Master plan for Greater Bombay

Lakes of Mumbai
Dams in Thane district
Reservoirs in Maharashtra
1956 establishments in Bombay State
IQRF. IQRF is a technology for wireless packet-oriented communication via radio frequency (RF) in sub-GHz ISM bands. It is intended for general use where wireless connectivity is needed, either point-to-point or in complex networks, e.g. for telemetry, industrial control, automation of buildings and cities and Internet of Things. Fully open functionality depends solely on a user-specific application.

Basic IQRF communication device is a transceiver module (TR) including MCU with built-in operating system (OS) implementing link layer and network layer supporting Mesh networking utilizing IQMESH protocol. The application software can be written directly under OS in C language. Unlike the solution stack used, e.g. by Zigbee, only the application program is compiled while in development.

Higher communication level (transport layer) is DPA. It is an optional open protocol and framework enabling control by sending commands and receiving responses via standard wired interface (UART or SPI) or via RF. DPA is implemented as a ready-to-use software plug-in called hardware profile (HWP) to be uploaded into the transceiver. Then no programming is needed. However, it is possible to modify the existing HWP functionality by a user-specific Custom DPA handler programmed in C. The transceivers supporting DPA are called DCTR (data controlled transceivers).

IQRF connectivity for 3rd party devices programmable in C or Java is supported by open source development SDK package IQRF SDK.

Gateways with datalogger option and LAN connectivity can utilize the cloud server providing plug-and-play worldwide access to end IQRF wireless devices.

IQRF Alliance is an international community of developers, manufacturers, system integrators and others engaged in wireless connectivity based on IQRF technology. Its main goal is the interoperability of products with DCTRs inside.

Features

 Low speed, low power and low data volumes
 Low power modes with sub-μA consumption in standby and 15 μA while receiving
 Packet-oriented RF, up to 64 B/packet
 Sub-GHz RF bands: 868 MHz, 916 MHz (software-selectable) or 433 MHz, multichannel
 GFSK modulation
 Bit rate 19.836 kbit/s
 RF output power up to 12.5 mW
 Range per hop: tens of meters in buildings, hundreds of meters in free space, up to several kilometers in special arrangements
 Up to 240 hops per packet
 Up to 65 000 devices in one network under OS, up to 240 devices under DPA
 Fast response: data collected from about 230 nodes by single command in about 30 s
 Automated building of a network
 Wireless upgrades of all SW (OS, HWP, Custom handler and application code) simultaneously for all devices in a network
 No license and carrier fees

References

External links
Official website
IQRF SDK
DoItWireless, with IQRF

Mesh networking
Normand Dube Aerocruiser Plus. The Normand Dube Aerocruiser Plus (also called the Aerocruiser 180) is a four-seat Canadian amateur-built aircraft, designed by Normand Dube and produced by Aviation Normand Dube of Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec. The aircraft is a development of the two-seat Norman Dube Aerocruiser.

Design and development
The Aerocruiser Plus features a "V" strut-braced high-wing, a four-seat enclosed cabin accessed by doors, fixed  conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft can be fitted with floats, wheels or skis.

The aircraft is made with a welded 4130 steel tubing fuselage and a riveted 2024 aluminum wing. Its  span wing employs a NACA 4412 airfoil, has an area of  and mounts flaps. The cabin width is . The engine used on the prototype is a  Lycoming O-360 four-stroke powerplant.

Operational history
Reviewers Roy Beisswenger and Marino Boric described the design in a 2015 review as "outback-friendly".

By March 2017, one example, the prototype had been registered with Transport Canada.

Specifications (Aerocruiser Plus)

References

External links

Aerocruiser Plus
1980s Canadian sport aircraft
1980s Canadian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft