omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic transparency. Algorithmic transparency is the principle that the factors that influence the decisions made by algorithms should be visible, or transparent, to the people who use, regulate, and are affected by systems that employ those algorithms. Although the phrase was coined in 2016 by Nicholas Diakopoulos and Michael Koliska about the role of algorithms in deciding the content of digital journalism services, the underlying principle dates back to the 1970s and the rise of automated systems for scoring consumer credit.

The phrases "algorithmic transparency" and "algorithmic accountability" are sometimes used interchangeably – especially since they were coined by the same people – but they have subtly different meanings. Specifically, "algorithmic transparency" states that the inputs to the algorithm and the algorithm's use itself must be known, but they need not be fair.  "Algorithmic accountability" implies that the organizations that use algorithms must be accountable for the decisions made by those algorithms, even though the decisions are being made by a machine, and not by a human being.

Current research around algorithmic transparency interested in both societal effects of accessing remote services running algorithms., as well as mathematical and computer science approaches that can be used to achieve algorithmic transparency In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Consumer Protection studies how algorithms are used by consumers by conducting its own research on algorithmic transparency and by funding external research. In the European Union, the data protection laws that came into effect in May 2018 include a "right to explanation" of decisions made by algorithms, though it is unclear what this means. Furthermore, the European Union founded The European Center for Algoritmic Transparency (ECAT).

See also
 Black box
 Explainable AI
 Regulation of algorithms
 Reverse engineering
 Right to explanation
 Algorithmic accountability

References 

Accountability
Algorithms
Theoretical computer science
Transparency (behavior)
Southall DMU Depot. Southall DMU Depot was a traction maintenance depot located in Southall, London, England. The depot is situated on the Great Western Main Line and is near Southall station.

The depot code is SZ.

History 
Before its closure in 1975, Class 08 shunters and Class 117 DMUs could be seen at the depot.

Present 

After British Rail closed the depot, it wasn't used for another 18 years until the electrification programme for Heathrow Express was introduced, when it was used as a base. The site is currently known as Southall Railway Centre.

References 

Railway depots in London
Pierre Manhès. Pierre Manhès (1841 – 1906) was a French metallurgist and businessman, who succeeded in 1880 to adapt the Bessemer process to the pyrometallurgy of the copper. With his engineer , he developed the Manhès-David process and converter, which were widely adopted, mainly in the United States.

In 1883, under license to use the patented process Franklin Farrel introduced the Manhes-David furnace at the Parrot smelter in Butte, Montana.  Its successly adoption was followed by Anaconda at Butte, Copper Queen at Bisbee, Arizona, United Verde, Jerome, Arizona, and other plants by the 1890s.  Before the adoption of the process, copper mines in the Western United States produced only matte, which required further, costly purification steps in east coast refineries.  The Manhes-David step increased the purity of copper metal produced at the Western mine site, up to 99%, and more with the addition of the electrolysis process by the end of the century.  The growing electrical needs for refined copper and its better conductivity was met by the purer metal now (ca. 1900) coming from the mines.

Nowadays, in the beginning of the XXI, Manhès-David process is still in use, to refine 90% of the copper mattes, and 60% of the  nickel extracted in the world. But his silica-lined converter has been superseded by the improved 

1841 births
1906 deaths
19th-century French inventors
French metallurgists
COPPE. The Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (Portuguese: Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia), often referred to as Coppe due to its original name (Coordenação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia), is a research and learning center in the Center of Technology (CT) of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). It has over 2,500 students in its 13 graduate engineering programs (Master's and Doctorate).

Overview

Coppe is Latin America's largest center for research and education in engineering. It was founded in 1963 by the engineer Alberto Luiz Coimbra. Coppe has more than 100 facilities. The knowledge accumulated in Coppe’s facilities is channeled to the economic, technologic and social development of Brazil through contracts and agreements with companies, governments, and NGOs. These contracts are administered by the Coppetec Foundation. Since its creation in 1970, the Coppetec Foundation has administered more than 10,000 contracts and partnerships with national and international, private and state-owned companies and governmental and non-governmental agencies.

In 1994, Coppe created its technology-based Business Incubator. Coppe stimulated the establishment of the Federal University’s Science Park, which is located in the Fundão Island.

Departments

Coppe offers thirteen graduate programs:

 Biomedical Engineering
 Ocean Engineering
 Energy Planning
 Civil Engineering
 Production Engineering
 Chemical Engineering
 Systems Engineering and Computer Science
 Electrical Engineering
 Nuclear Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Transportation Engineering
 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
 Nanotechnology Engineering

See also

UFRJ
Escola Politécnica da UFRJ
Education in Brazil
Brazil University Rankings
Universities and Higher Education in Brazil

References

External links
  
Coppetec  
UFRJ  
UFRJ's international affairs office
MagLev 
LabOceano

Engineering education
Research institutes in Brazil
Insane Robots. Insane Robots is a rogue-lite, turn-based strategy game developed and published by Playniac. It was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, MacOS and Microsoft Windows in July 2018.

Accolades 
The game was nominated for the "Creativity Award" and "Best Strategy Game" at The Independent Game Developers' Association Awards 2018.

External links

References 

Roguelike video games
Turn-based strategy video games
Single-player video games
Indie games
2018 video games
Windows games
MacOS games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
Video games about death games
Video games about mental health
Video games about robots
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
RoboBlockly. RoboBlocky (formerly RoboBlockly) is a web-based robot simulation environment for learning coding and math. Based on Blockly, it uses a simple puzzle-piece interface to program virtual Linkbot, Lego Mindstorms NXT and EV3, as well as to draw and animate for beginners to learn robotics, coding, math, science, and art. Blocks in RoboBlocky can be executed in debug mode step-by-step. All math activities in RoboBlocky are Common Core State Standards Mathematics compliant.

RoboBlocky is a project of the UC Davis Integration Engineering Laboratory and UC Davis Center for Integrated Computing and STEM Education (C-STEM). It is a part of the C-STEM Studio. RoboBlocky is provided free of charge.

RoboBlocky prepares students ready to program in Ch, C, and C++. The saved Ch code from RoboBlocky can be readily run without any modification in Ch, a C/C++ interpreter, to control hardware Linkbot and Lego Mindstorms NXT/EV3, or virtual Linkbot and NXT/EV3 in C-STEM Studio.

Users can share ideas and creations with the RoboBlocky user community through RoboBlocky Activity Portal.

RoboBlocky can run in any modern browser, without installation of any software, independent of operating system and device. It supports Web browsers IE, Edge, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, in platforms of desktops, tablets, and smartphones with Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, etc.

References

External links 
 C-STEM Center
 C-STEM Studio
 RoboBlocky

University of California, Davis
Visual programming languages
Locomotives of Pakistan. The fleet of locomotives in Pakistan currently consists solely of diesel locomotives owned and operated by Pakistan Railways. Steam locomotives are no longer used in Pakistan, except in heritage trains. All locomotives are serviced at the Pakistan Locomotive Factory in Risalpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Classification

Diesel locomotives
Not all the locomotives in this list are in service as some may have been renumbered.

Historic Electric locomotives
Pakistan Railways has 29 electric locomotives of class BCU30E numbered 7001–7029. These are British-built locomotives of 3,000 horsepower for 25 kV AC. They are stored out of use because the overhead lines are unserviceable.

See also

Pakistan Railways
List of locomotive builders

References
Egi Kazuyuki. Egi Kazuyuki (, May 21, 1853 – August 23, 1932) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician in Meiji and  
Taishō period.

Biography
Egi Kazuyuki was the son of a samurai in Iwakuni, Suō Province. He attended the English School in Osaka and then began studying at the Sapporo Agricultural College and the Southern University (Daigaku Nankō). He transferred to the engineering school of Ministry of Industry, which he had to leave in 1874 due to illness. He then moved to the Ministry of Education and was initially a teacher at the Kaisei Academy in Arakawa, Tokyo. 

He later became an inspector in the Ministry of Education and in 1890 a councilor before becoming Director General of the Department of General School Affairs in the Ministry of Education in 1891. In 1892 he moved to the Ministry of the Interior and became the secretary of Minister Inoue Kaoru. He then served as governor of Ibaraki Prefecture (1896–1897), Tochigi Prefecture (1897), Aichi Prefecture (1897–1898), Hiroshima Prefecture (1898–1903), and Kumamoto Prefecture (1903–1907).

In 1904, Egi was awarded a seat in the House of Peers. In January 1924, he was appointed Minister of Education of the Kiyoura Cabinet, serving until the cabinet dissolved in June of the same year, and then became a member of the Privy Council.

He was a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun (4th class, 1896; 2nd class, 1902; 1st class, 1906) and the Order of the Sacred Treasure (4th class, 1895; 3rd class, 1899) as well as being a member of the French Legion of Honour (joined 1901).

1853 births
1932 deaths
Japanese Home Ministry government officials
Government ministers of Japan
Education ministers of Japan
Members of the House of Peers (Japan)
Governors of Ibaraki Prefecture
Governors of Tochigi Prefecture
Governors of Aichi Prefecture
Governors of Hiroshima
Governors of Kumamoto Prefecture
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th class
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Politicians from Yamaguchi Prefecture
Latham L.1. The Latham L.1 was a French competitor in the 1923 Schneider Trophy race. It was a twin engine, biplane flying boat, built by Société Latham.

Design and development

The Latham L.1 was a single bay biplane with a single, faired interplane strut on each side. There was slight stagger. The gap between the upper and lower wings was large, about  or 20% of the span. This allowed the engines, a pair of  Lorraine 12D V-12s mounted in push-pull configuration, to be mounted between the wings. Enclosed in a continuous, streamlined cowling, they were strut-mounted from below on four pairs of longitudinal V-struts and another four smaller pairs of inverted V-struts from their upper side formed a cabane which braced the upper wing centre-section. The engines were cooled with cylindrical Lamblin radiators on each forward engine support strut. The lower wing was mounted on top of the fuselage.

The upper and lower wings were rectangular in plan and the same size, both set with slight dihedral. Rectangular plan ailerons, extending to the tips, were fitted on both wings and were externally connected. Stabilising floats were fitted directly to the lower wing underside below the interplane struts.

The L.1 had a single-step hull, built entirely of duralumin and with a slightly concave V-section planing bottom. The fuselage sides were a little rounded, flatter than the upper decking. The pilot's open cockpit was ahead of the wing leading edges but below the forward engine.  At the rear the upper fuselage swept upwards into the fin, which carried the horizontal tail at its top. The latter was straight-edged with angled tips, its tailplane braced to the fuselage with a rearward-leaning strut on each side.  The rudder, which worked in a cut-out between the elevators, was rounded and had a comma-style balance that operated above the tailplane.

Operational history

The 1923 Schneider Cup race was held off Portsmouth over the Solent between Cowes and Selsey and flown on 28 September after taxiing and mooring tests the day before. They French team had two Latham L.1s (the second was not termed L.2 in contemporary reports, despite the accounts in some modern sources), one (race no. 11, F-ESEJ) to compete with Duhamel as pilot and the other as a reserve. They also had a pair of CAMS 38s. Latham L.1 No.11 passed the 27 September tests without incident but engine problems prevented it reaching the starting line the next day and the only French competitor was one of the CAMS 38s, which dropped out after one lap. The race was won by the US with their Curtiss CR-3 floatplanes in first and second places.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

Flying boats
1920s French civil aircraft
Latham aircraft
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Biplanes
Swindon Loco Yard. Swindon TMD is a traction maintenance depot located in Swindon, Wiltshire, England. The depot is situated on the Great Western Main Line and is near Swindon station.

The depot code is SW.

History 
Between 1957 and 1993, Class 03, 05, 08 shunters, Class 22, Class 52, Class 37 and 47 locomotives could be seen at the depot.

References 

Rail transport in Wiltshire
 Railway depots in England
Takahiro Hachigo. is a Japanese engineer and businessman, who has been the chief executive officer of Honda Motor Co., Ltd., from June 2015 - April 2021 and was succeeded by Toshihiro Mibe. Prior to this, Hachigo was a managing officer at Honda, and started his career at Honda in 1982 as a chassis engineer. As CEO, Hachigo sought to streamline the manufacturing process by merging certain operations between motorcycles and cars, and while also lowering the costs of production by consolidating factories at home and abroad involving the budget. Hachigo is currently a member of the company board.

References

1959 births
Living people
Honda people
Japanese chief executives
20th-century Japanese businesspeople
21st-century Japanese businesspeople
Haikou Nandu River Water Diversion Project. Haikou Nandu River Water Diversion Project () is a project to divert water from the Nandu River to parts of Haikou Prefecture, in particular, an agricultural area west of Haikou City where lychee are grown.

Tunnel construction

The project is ongoing in 2017 and includes a pumping station on the east bank of the Nandu River just south of the Longtang Dam. Tunnels are being bored from the west side of the Nandu westward to the areas where the water is needed. This involves underground blasting and the creation of numerous pits along the route for equipment access.

References

External links
 

Buildings and structures in Haikou
Aqueducts in China
Irrigation in China
Winifred Baddeley. Winifred Lucy Baddeley (2 December 1904 – 20 July 1972) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Sale, then in Cheshire, Baddeley worked for many years as an electrical coil winder at the Associated Electrical Industries works in Old Trafford.  She joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) and gradually rose through the ranks, becoming a shop steward in 1941, then branch chair, chair of the women's works committee, and district representative.

Baddeley was regarded as being on the right wing of the trade union movement, although she campaigned strongly for equal pay for women, and argued that women's marginality in trade unions was partly due to the attitudes of many male trade unionists.

In 1963, Baddeley attended the Trades Union Congress (TUC) for this first time, and was immediately elected to the General Council of the TUC; she was the first women who was not a full-time official to serve on the council. During this period, she chaired the TUC's Women's Advisory Committee. She retired in 1968.

In her spare time, Baddeley served as a magistrate, and on her Local Employment Committee. She married in 1963 and, unusually for the time, retained her maiden name.

References

1904 births
1972 deaths
Trade unionists from Greater Manchester
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
People from Sale, Greater Manchester
English women trade unionists
RoboDK. RoboDK is an offline programming and simulation software for industrial robots. The simulation software allows you to program robots outside the production environment, eliminating production downtime caused by shop floor programming.

RoboDK includes tools that can be used for many robotics projects including milling, welding, pick and place, packaging and labelling, palletizing, painting, robot calibration and more.

History 
While working on his PhD at CoRo lab, Albert Nubiola was the main developer of RoKiSim, a multi-platform educational software tool for 3D simulation of serial six-axis robots.

In January 2015, RoboDK was founded by Albert Nubiola as a spin-off company from the CoRo laboratory in at ETS University in Montreal. RoboDK software is the extended commercial version of RoKiSim and is designed to bring powerful robotics simulation and programming capabilities to companies large and small and to coders and non-coders alike.

At launch, the RoboDK library supported 200 robots from more than 20 robot manufacturers. 

RoboDK launched when the first customer, a New Zealand-based manufacturer, wanted to use RoboDK to calibrate an ABB robot for robot milling. Since then RoboDK has provided solutions for companies around the world such as NASA, Spotify, Wilder Systems, and many more.

Main Features

Robot Brand Independence 

RoboDK has a library of over 1000 robots from more than 50 different manufacturers including ABB, Fanuc, Kuka, Yaskawa Motoman, Universal Robots, Omron.

User Interface 

The user interface enables easy simulation and doesn't require any previous programming knowledge.

File Format

Filename extensions 
RoboDK's native file formats are denoted as .rdk this file can be referred as a RoboDK station or RoboDK file. A RoboDK station is where the virtual environment station and calibration information is stored.

Supported Formats 
RoboDK supports most standard 3D formats such as STL, STEP (or STP) and IGES (or IGS) formats. Other formats such as VRML, 3DS or OBJ are also supported.

Export Format 
RoboDK post processors allow for programs to be exported to an actual robot including, ABB Rapid (mod/prog), Fanuc LS (LS/TP), Kuka KRC/IIWA (SRC/java), Yaskawa Motoman Inform (JBI), Universal Robots (URP and URscript), Kawasaki (PG files), HIWIN (HRB) and more.

References

External links
 
 RoboDK Robot Library

Simulation software
Robotics simulation software
Simulation programming languages
Industrial robotics
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex  is a military missile research center in Hyderabad, India.

Laboratories 
The complex has following three laboratories:

 Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL): Conducts research and development on motors, jet vanes and structures for launch vehicles and missiles, primarily known for contributions to Agni Missiles.
 Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL): famous for its contributions to Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
 Research Centre Imarat (RCI): A missile Avionics Laboratory founded by Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.

History 
Manohar Parrikar, the then Defence Minister of India, on 15 October 2015 renamed DRDO Missile Complex at Hyderabad into Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Missile Complex, after Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India also regarded as the Missile Man of India.

See also

 Guided missiles of India
 Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
 Indian Armed Forces
 Indian weapons of mass destruction

References

Aeronautics organizations
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Organisations based in Hyderabad, India
Research institutes in Hyderabad, India
Science and technology in Hyderabad, India
Year of establishment missing
Elliot McVeigh. Elliot R. McVeigh is a professor of bioengineering, Medicine and Radiology at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). His research utilises low dose CT imaging and MR imaging techniques to identify those people at substantially higher risk for heart attacks.

Education
McVeigh earned a BSc in physics in 1984 and a PhD in medical biophysics in 1988 at the University of Toronto.

Career
In 2007 he returned to Johns Hopkins to become the director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering.  During his 8-year tenure as chair the department grew substantially and was continuously ranked #1 in the nation for both undergraduate and graduate training by U.S. News & World Report. He also led the development of a new Master's program for medical device design through the establishment of the Center of Biomedical Innovation and Design in the department.

In 2015, he was hired by University of California, San Diego  with a joint appointment in the school of engineering and the school of medicine.  He is part of the Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute (ACTRI) built by UC San Diego in La Jolla. In the Cardiovascular Imaging Lab (CViL) at UCSD, McVeigh and his team work with engineers and clinicians to develop low dose CT imaging and MR imaging techniques that will identify those people at substantially higher risk for heart attacks.

Activities and Honors
 Fellow of American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, 2008
 Fellows Award for Research Mentoring, National Institutes of Health, 2007
 Regional Excellence in Tech Transfer Award, Federal Laboratory Consortium, 2005
 Fellow, International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2001
 Established Investigator Award, American Heart Association, 1995 - 1999
 Scholar, Radiological Society of North America, 1990

Selected publications

References

External links
 Personal Profile on Cardiovascular Imaging Lab at UCSD
 Google Scholars 

American bioinformaticians
Living people
Johns Hopkins University faculty
University of California, San Diego faculty
Scientists from California
University of Toronto alumni
1960 births
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering