omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lina Sarro. Pasqualina Maria (Lina) Sarro (born 1957) is an Italian nanoscientist whose research concerns micromachining and other techniques for fabricating silicon and silicon carbide based micro-electromechanical systems. She is professor of 
Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, former Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Professor, and former department chair, in the Department of Microelectronics of the Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands.

Education and career
Sarro earned a laurea in physics (the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) at the University of Naples Federico II in 1980. After graduate research at Brown University in the US, she went to the Delft University of Technology for doctoral study in electrical engineering, completing her Ph.D. in 1987.

She continued at Delft as a member of the Delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics, and was named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in 2001. In 2005, she became the first woman on the university's Council of Professors. She chaired the Department of Microelectronics from 2009 to 2016.

Recognition
Sarro was elected as a Eurosensors Fellow in 2004, and named to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006. She became an IEEE Fellow in 2007, "for contributions to micromachined sensors, actuators, and microsystems". She received the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2015, and the Order of the Star of Italy in 2016.

Sarro was one of three 1997 recipients of the Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize, a best paper award of the journal Optical Engineering. She received the career award of the Italian Association of Sensors and Microsystems (AISEM) in 2007. In 2012 she was the recipient of the IEEE Sensors Council Meritorious Service Award. She was the 2018 recipient of the IEEE Robert Bosch Micro and Nano Electro Mechanical Systems Award, given "for pioneering contributions in novel materials, material integration and innovations in MEMS and strong commitment to education and technology transfer".

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
Italian electrical engineers
Italian women engineers
Women electrical engineers
University of Naples Federico II alumni
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the IEEE
Ryūsei (signal rocket). A  is a traditional Japanese signal rocket.

Summary
A ryūsei fuselage is made from either pine softwood or a section of bamboo, and it is propelled by the combustion of gunpowder. The particular type of gunpowder used in ryūsei is formulated to burn slowly.

Ryūsei are believed to have been developed by reverse engineering primitive Chinese gunpowder rockets left behind by the defeated Yuan armies after the Mongol invasions of Japan in the 13th century. However, there is another theory that ryūsei were invented locally by Japanese peasants. Because of this, they are sometimes called . In the 16th century, ryūsei rockets were used as smoke signals, and documents preserved at  record the launch of a ryūsei in 1575.

After the Second World War and occupation, American-directed bans on private possession of gunpowder nearly caused the extinction of ryūsei. After many petitions, gunpowder for ryūsei was finally legalized again in 1972.

Ryūsei in later times
In Chichibu, a number of ryūsei from different areas of Japan are on display at the  roadside station.

In order to reduce the risk of a forest fire in case of accidental explosion, modern workshops for manufacturing ryūsei are made of fireproof concrete and have no electricity. If the fuselage is not properly constructed and cannot withstand the force of the ignition, the rocket may explode on the launch scaffold in what is known as a . Because they are manufactured by amateurs, there are often cases of tsutsuppane and other launch failures. For this reason, when a launch is successful, it is customarily followed by a banzai shout.

This type of rocket is mentioned in the metaphorical phrase, to , referring to something with an exciting beginning but an anticlimactic finish.

See also
Bo-hiya
Tezutsu-hanabi
Rocket Festival

External links
Rocket Body, Solid Fuel, Ryusei, Japanese Festival at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

References

Japanese inventions
Early rocketry
Technology in Medieval Japan
Gunpowder
Pyrotechnics
Nine windows. The nine windows technique, also known as 9 windows, 9 boxes, 9 screens, multiscreen diagram, or system operator tool is a creative problem-solving technique that analyzes a problem across time and relative to its place within a system.

The approach is based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and involves creating a  matrix and placing the current problem in the center. 

The 3 × 3 matrix is divided into three problem-solving levels: 
 Super-system, also known as the macro system, refers to the external components and environment that currently act with the problem or system.
 System refers to the problem or system itself.
 Sub-system, also known as the micro system, refers to the parts or components of the problem or system.

See also
 Business model canvas, business model template with nine boxes

Further reading

References

Creativity techniques
Problem solving
TRIZ
Grace Chijimma Ezema. Grace Chijimma Ezema (née Ezekoka) (June 30, 1942 – May 8, 2024) was a Nigerian electrical engineer, recognized as the first female graduate of electrical engineering in Nigeria. She had a notable career with the National Electricity Power Authority (NEPA) and later founded Guftane Engineering Nigeria Limited.

Early life and education
Grace Chijimma Ezema was born on June 30, 1942, in Isiokpo, Ideato L.G.A., Imo State, Nigeria, to Chief Isaac N. Ezekoka and Mrs. Angelina Ezekoka. She began her education at Township School in Port Harcourt and attended Queen's School, Enugu, from 1956 to 1962. After graduating with a Grade I from the W.A.S.C. (Sciences), she studied pure mathematics and applied physics at the Federal Science School in Lagos for her A Levels.

In 1963, Ezema enrolled in electrical engineering at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, and graduated in 1966, becoming Nigeria's first female graduate in the field. She earned a certificate in management from the Nigerian Institute of Management in 1973.

Career
Ezema began her career in 1966 with the National Electricity Power Authority (NEPA) as a communications engineer in Lagos until 1967. She held various positions within NEPA, including research engineer at Afam Power Station in 1967, commercial engineer in Lagos in 1971, and mains engineer in Kaduna in 1972.

In 1974, Ezema was subsequently transferred to NEPA's Enugu offices, where she served as a planning and construction engineer until 1978.

Entrepreneurial ventures and academia
In 1978, Ezema resigned from NEPA to establish Guftane Engineering Nigeria Limited, focusing on rural electrification projects. She also founded Pisces Integrated Farms Limited, contributing to Enugu State's agricultural output.

Ezema joined academia in 1998 as a senior lecturer in the Electrical & Electronics Department at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu. She served as head of department from 2004 to 2006 before retiring.

Personal life and death
Ezema married Dr. Paul O. Ezema, a lecturer at the University of Nigeria in 1974. They had four children.

Ezema died on May 8, 2024, in Enugu.

Recognitions
Ezema was a registered member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) and the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN). She played a role in establishing the Association of Professional Women Engineers in Nigeria (APWEN) and participated in international engineering conferences.

The Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering at IMT, Enugu, formally recognized her contributions to engineering and education in a ceremony attended by engineers and academics from her alma mater, ABU.

References

1942 births
2024 deaths
Nigerian engineers
Electrical engineers
Women engineers
Ahmadu Bello University alumni
People from Imo State
List of M7 business schools. The M7 business schools form an informal network of business schools recognized as having elite MBA programs, regarded as among the most prestigious in the US. They are regularly highly placed in global rankings of MBA programs. The deans of the M7 schools meet twice a year to share news and insights.

M7 business schools

Related programs at M7 Schools

Stanford offers a joint MBA and MS in Computer Science program, MBA and MS in Electrical Engineering, E-IPER/MBA, JD/MBA, and MPP/MBA
Harvard offers joint degree programs with Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Medical School.
MIT offers a Leaders for Global Operations (LGO) program, a dual degree MBA and SM in engineering.
Wharton has joint degree programs with Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
Columbia offers several dual degree programs, including MBA/MPH, MBA/MS, and MBA/JD.
Chicago Booth offers a joint MBA/MA in International Relations and other interdisciplinary degrees.
Kellogg offers unique dual degree programs such as the MMM (MBA + MSDI) with the Northwestern McCormick School of Engineering and JD-MBA with Northwestern Pritzker School of Law.

See also
List of United States graduate business school rankings
List of Ivy League business schools

References 

Business schools in the United States
M7
Nava Setter. Nava Setter (, born 1949) is a retired Israeli and Swiss materials scientist focusing on electroceramics including ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, thin films and thick films of ceramics, and microsensors and microactuators. She is a professor emeritus at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland and a visiting professor at Tel Aviv University in Israel.

Education and career
Setter earned a master's degree in civil engineering in 1976, at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. She earned a Ph.D. in 1980 at Pennsylvania State University in the US, with a dissertation involving solid-state physics.

Next, she became a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oxford in England and the University of Geneva in Switzerland. After working as a researcher in Haifa, she moved in 1989 to the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. There, she became director of the Ceramics Laboratory, and in 1992 a full professor. She retired as a professor emeritus in 2016, and continues her research as a visiting professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Tel Aviv University.

Recognition
Setter was appointed to the World Academy of Ceramics in 2006. She was named as an IEEE Fellow in 2007, "for contributions to field of ferroelectric materials, microsystems and microelectronics applications". She is a member of the .

She is the 2011 recipient of the W. R. Buessem Award of the Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics at North Carolina State University, and of the 2011 achievement award of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society, "for her outstanding research on the fundamentals of ferroelectric and dielectric materials, and their applications in novel devices". She was the 2013 Robert B. Sosman Award recipient and lecturer of the American Ceramic Society. In 2013 she also received the Excellence in Leadership Recognition award of the American Vacuum Society.

Personal life
Setter is a double citizen of Switzerland and Israel.

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
Israeli materials scientists
Israeli women engineers
Swiss engineers
Swiss women engineers
Women materials scientists and engineers
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Fellows of the IEEE
Jason Petta. Jason Robert Petta (born 1975) is a physics researcher, professor, and noted contributor to developments in quantum computing. He is a professor at UCLA, and was formerly Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at Princeton University.

Petta was born in 1975 in Freeport, Illinois. After graduating from Freeport High School, he attended technical school and worked in construction for two years before enrolling in the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He received a B.S. degree in engineering physics from that university, as well as both an M.S. and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell University. His thesis title was Effects of spin-orbit coupling on single quantum states in metallic quantum dots, completed in 2003 under the advisor Daniel Ralph.

After graduating Cornell with his Ph.D., Petta worked as a postdoctoral fellow in Charlie Marcus's research group at Harvard University, participating in experiments trapping and detecting singular electrons and controlling spin states with two electrons. Petta left Harvard and started a position at Caltech in 2006, before joining Princeton University in 2007.

In 2008, Petta won a Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering. He also won a National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2009 and a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2010. Also in 2010, Petta, then an assistant professor at Princeton, described a discovery in quantum computing: when applying voltage to electrodes, electrons can be formed into "spin qubits", a quantum version of a bit. This was touted as a milestone in physics by Princeton, and experts such as David DiVincenzo commended the discovery. In 2015, Petta spearheaded the development of a microwave laser composed of multiple quantum dots for use in quantum computing. Other research at Princeton included quantum coherence control within nanostructures of semiconductors.

Petta was named Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics, an endowed professorship, in 2019. As of 2024, he works as both a research director at HRL Laboratories and a professor of physics at UCLA. At UCLA, he is a faculty member in the Department of Physics & Astronomy, works for the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, and moved into his eponymous Petta Lab in May 2023.

Petta is a fellow of the American Physical Society, fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and winner of the association's Newcomb Cleveland Prize.

References 

Living people
1975 births
People from Freeport, Illinois
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni 
Cornell University alumni
Princeton University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Physicists from Illinois
David's Dream. David's Dream is a stainless-steel abstract sculpture by Melvin Edwards created in 2023 and permanently installed on the campus of the University of Maryland, College Park.

Artwork
David's Dream comprises several large stainless-steel disks and geometric shapes, along with an enlarged stainless-steel chain running from the top to the bottom of one side of the sculpture. The various pieces are stacked and leaned onto one another and welded together.

Background
The sculpture's namesake, art historian and artist David Driskell, was widely cited during his life as one of the most influential scholars of African-American art history and was often credited with the establishment of the discipline as a distinct area of academic study. Driskell was a professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, for more than two decades and the university's David C. Driskell Center was named in his honor.

In 2021, the Driskell Center announced a new commission of a work of public art by artist Melvin Edwards. The sculpture was unveiled and installed in April 2024. The work was funded in part by the Mellon Foundation's Monuments Project.

References

2023 sculptures
Outdoor sculptures in Maryland
Steel sculptures in Maryland
List of national highways in Nepal by province. According to the Department of Roads there are 80 National Highways in Nepal. The combined length of the roads is  which includes asphalt/concrete and gravel. An extra  of roads are under construction and  of roads are planned to be constructed in the near future.

Koshi Province

Madhesh Province

Bagmati Province

Gandaki Province

Lumbini Province

Karnali Province

Sudurpashchim Province

See also
Roads in Nepal

References

Highways in Nepal
Tod A. Laursen. Tod A. Laursen is an American academic and engineer, currently Chancellor of American University of Sharjah. Prior to his current role, he was a faculty member and researcher as well as having leadership positions of various institutions including Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi, and State University of New York (SUNY) Polytechnic Institute in New York.  During his time in State University of New York (SUNY) systems, he also was the Chief Academic Officer (Provost).

Education 
Laursen has a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Mechanical Engineering from Oregon State University (1986), a Master of Science (MS) in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University (1989) and he earned his Ph.D. also in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University (1992).

Career 
Laursen started his career in 1992 as a faculty member at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. While at Duke University he held various positions including professor of mechanical, civil, biomedical and environmental engineering; Director of Graduate Studies at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (1998-2000), Director of Undergraduate Studies at the Department of Civil and Environmental Studies (2001-2003); Senior Associate Dean for Education in the Duke University Pratt School of Engineering (2003–2008), and Chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science (2008–2010).

From 2008 to 2018 he was President of Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research in Abu Dhabi.

He returned to the United States where from 2018 to 2020 he was Provost and Senior Vice-Chancellor of State University of New York (SUNY), and later as Acting President of SUNY Polytechnic Institute (2021-2022).

Following a short tenure as a Vice Chancellor at Wigwe University in Nigeria in 2023, Laursen returned to the United Arab Emirates, in October of the same year, where he is Chancellor of American University of Sharjah.

Research 
In his research pursuits, Laursen’s area of specialization is in computational mechanics. This is a subfield of mechanical engineering which is focused on the development of computational algorithms and tools to analyse mechanical and structural systems. His most published research work is in the areas of finite element method and non-linear systems.

Publication 
Laursen has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and abstracts. He is also a published author of Computational Contact and Impact Mechanics: Fundamentals of Modeling Interfacial Phenomena in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis; and he has co-authored another book titled Computational Contact Mechanics: CISM Courses and Lectures.

Awards 
Over the course of his career, Laursen has received honors and awards including the Earl I. Brown II Outstanding Civil Engineering Faculty Award he received in 1997, the Oregon State University Council of Outstanding Early Career Engineers Award he received in 1998, as well as the Oregon State University Academy of Distinguished Engineers Award he received in 2010.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Lunar Exploration Ground Sites. The Lunar Exploration Ground Sites, or LEGS, are several NASA space communication complexes created to support lunar exploration.  They are in addition to the existing NASA Deep Space Network and the Near Earth Network.  The LEGS mission is to provide direct-to earth communication and navigation services for missions operating from 36,000 kilometers (km) in the GEO to cis-Lunar and other orbits out to 2 million km. To fully support distant orbits there will be three LEGS sites roughly equally spaced around the Earth.

The existing NASA DSN is already heavily utilized, and an audit in 2023 revealed limitations of the current DSN, in particular its support of crewed and uncrewed lunar missions:
 NASA’s DSN is oversubscribed, leading to mission impacts and scheduling challenges
 Capacity limitations leading to mission impacts are expected to increase with the onset of crewed Artemis missions
LEGS will help this situation by providing additional resources explicitly for the lunar program.

The 2 million km figure arises from the International Telecommunication Union specifications, which sets aside various frequency bands for deep space and near Earth use.  This standard defines "deep space" to start at a distance of  from the Earth's surface, whereas "near space" is anything closer.  Therefore LEGS will operate in the near space bands. Since the distances are considerably less than those supported by the DSN, LEGS will use 18 meter antennas, as opposed to the 34 and 70 meter antennas of the DSN.

The three stations will be White Sands Missile Range, Matjiesfontein in South Africa, and a third location in Australia at a site yet to be determined.

See also 
 Space Network
 Near Earth Network
 NASA Deep Space Network
 Space Communications and Navigation Program (SCaN)

References 

NASA radio communications and spacecraft tracking facilities