omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Futhark (programming language). Futhark is a multi-paradigm, high-level, functional, data parallel, array programming language. It is a dialect of the language ML, originally developed at UCPH Department of Computer Science (DIKU) as part of the HIPERFIT project. It focuses on enabling data parallel programs written in a functional style to be executed with high performance on massively parallel hardware, especially graphics processing units (GPUs). Futhark is strongly inspired by NESL, and its implementation uses a variant of the flattening transformation, but imposes constraints on how parallelism can be expressed in order to enable more aggressive compiler optimisations. In particular, irregular nested data parallelism is not supported. It is free and open-source software released under an ISC license.

Overview 
Futhark is a language in the ML family, with an indentation-insensitive syntax derived from OCaml, Standard ML, and Haskell. The type system is based on a Hindley–Milner type system with a variety of extensions, such as uniqueness types and size-dependent types. Futhark is not intended as a general-purpose programming language for writing full applications, but is instead focused on writing compute kernels (not always the same as a GPU kernel) which are then invoked from applications written in conventional languages.

Futhark is named after the first six letters of the Runic alphabet.

Examples

Dot product 
The following program computes the dot product of two vectors containing double-precision numbers.

def dotprod xs ys = f64.sum (map2 (*) xs ys))

It can also be equivalently written with explicit type annotations as follows.

def dotprod [n] (xs: [n]f64) (ys: [n]f64) : f64 = f64.sum (map2 (*) xs ys))

This makes the size-dependent types explicit: this function can only be invoked with two arrays of the same size, and the type checker will reject any program where this cannot be statically determined.

Matrix multiplication 
The following program performs matrix multiplication, using the definition of dot product above.

def matmul [n][m][p] (A: [n][m]f64) (B: [m][p]f64) : [n][p]f64 =
  map (\A_row ->
         map (\B_col -> dotprod A_row B_col)
             (transpose B))
      A

This shows how the types enforce that the function is only invoked with matrices of compatible size. Also, it is an example of nested data parallelism.

References 

Programming languages
High-level programming languages
Functional languages
Parallel computing
Array programming languages
Dependently typed languages
Dependently typed programming
Statically typed programming languages
ML programming language family
Free and open source compilers
2014 software
Programming languages created in 2014
Software using the ISC license
Kathryn Stecke. Kathryn Elizabeth Stecke is an American industrial engineer and management scientist known for her expertise in flexible manufacturing, supply chains, and seru, a Japanese production system based on using small groups of workers to assemble whole products instead of using assembly lines in which each worker handles only a small and repetitive sub-assembly task. She is a professor of operations management in the Naveen Jindal School of Management at the University of Texas at Dallas, where she holds the Naveen Jindal School Advisory Council Chair.

Education and career
Stecke earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Boston State College in 1972. She went on to Purdue University for graduate study, where she earned a master's degree in applied mathematics in 1974, a second master's degree in industrial engineering in 1977, and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering in 1981.
Her dissertation was Production planning problems for flexible manufacturing systems.

She joined the University of Michigan as an assistant professor in 1981, and became Jack D. Sparks/Whirlpool Corporation Research Professor at the University of Michigan in 1995. She moved to the University of Texas at Dallas in 2002, and was Ashbel Smith Professor of Operations Management at the University of Texas at Dallas from 2006 until 2018, when she was given the Naveen Jindal School Advisory Council Chair.

She was the founding editor-in-chief of two journals, the International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems and Operations Management Education Review.

Recognition
Stecke won an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship in 1989.
She was elected to the 2009 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
In 2017 she became a Fellow of the Production and Operations Management Society.

She is a 2007 winner of the INFORMS Distinguished Service Award, a 2008 winner of the INFORMS George E. Kimball Medal for recognition of distinguished service, and a 2013 winner of the INFORMS WORMS Award for the Advancement of Women in OR/MS. Purdue University gave her their 2014 Distinguished Women Scholars Award and their 2017 Outstanding Industrial Engineer Award.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American industrial engineers
Management scientists
Boston State College alumni
Purdue University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American women engineers
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
American women academics
Multidimensional art. Multidimensional art is art that cannot be represented on a two-dimensional flat canvas. Artists create a third dimension with paper or another medium. In multidimensional art an artist can make use of virtually any items (mediums).

Materials used in multidimensional art
Many artists make use of the objects and items they find in nature and or man made items. Some artists use paper and others make use of rubber, plastic, or sculpture. Artists also use other man made items like: textiles, milk cartons, or beads.

Japanese born Nobuhiro Nakanishi puts photos on see through plastic and orders the photos in chronological order. He then mounts the photos on a wall in a line (stacking them) which gives the viewer a different perspective.

Multi-dimensional artists
Joseph Csaky
Leo Monahan
Nnenna Okore

See also
 Art movement
 Creativity techniques
 Decorative arts
 List of art media
 List of artistic media
 List of art movements
 List of most expensive paintings
 List of most expensive sculptures
 List of art techniques
 List of sculptors
 Paper art
 Paper Art Museum
 Relief art

References

Painting techniques
 
Visual arts genres
Modern art
Artistic techniques
Twelve (company). Twelve is a chemical technology company based in Berkeley, California. 
They develop technology to convert  into profitable chemicals, such as plastics and transportation fuels. 
Currently, the company uses metal catalysts to produce synthetic gas (syngas), methane, and ethylene.

History 
Originally launched under the name Obtainium in 2014,
and later known as Opus 12,
Twelve was officially founded in 2015 by Dr. Kendra Kuhl, Dr. Etosha Cave, and Nicholas Flanders. 
The company was part of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's first Cyclotron Road cohort, an incubator program that aids in the creation of environmentally beneficial companies. 
Since then, it has won multiple awards including the Keeling Curve prize, Ocean Exchange's WW Orcelle award, the Roddenberry prize, and Forbes' Change the World competition.
In 2021, Twelve received $57 million in series A funding; the company has also received funding through SBIR grants for projects involving  conversion. This includes generating products such as carbon monoxide, polyethylene, ethanol, ethylene, methane, and jet fuel.

In June 2022, Twelve announced $130 million in Series B funding with investment from DCVC and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.

Twelve has also been featured on the television show Inside Bill's Brain as a company providing a potential solution to greenhouse gas emissions.

Technology 

Nicholas Flanders describes the company's technology as "industrial photosynthesis" to create jet fuel and diesel from carbon dioxide. Their technology has been shown to convert   from raw biogas into carbon neutral methane.

Twelve utilizes polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, which splits apart water molecules into its component pieces (O2, electrons, and hydrogen ions) via the application of electricity. By adding a catalyst to the cathode, they are able to split up  into CO and .

In February 2020, Twelve partnered with Mercedes and Trinseo to create the world's first C-pillar made with polycarbonate from  electrolysis.

In June 2020, the company partnered with SoCalGas and PG&E to advance their technology for use with  present in biogas, which comes from sources such as landfills, sewage, and dairy farms.
This gas, produced by the anaerobic breakdown of wastes, contains roughly 60% methane and 40% ; testing is being performed with the goal of achieving high conversion efficiency for long periods of time.

In September 2021 Twelve partnered with LanzaTech to create polypropylene, a commonly used plastic which is traditionally produced from fossil fuels; this is the first time that polypropylene was  made from .

Twelve plans to scale up their technology to an industrial-sized shipping container, which would enable them to produce larger quantities of product.

References 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

2015 establishments in California
Companies based in California
Chemical companies of the United States
Champaign Lady. Champaign Lady is the name of a Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress that was delivered to the U.S. military near the end of World War II and did not see combat action. The plane is currently undergoing restoration at Grimes Field in Urbana, Ohio, by the Champaign Aviation Museum.

History
The aircraft was delivered to the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) in May 1945 as a B-17G with serial number 44-85813. It was leased to Curtiss-Wright and modified as a JB-17G engine testbed. The airframe was used to test the XT-35 Typhoon turboprop,  and the Wright J65 jet engine among others.

The Ewing Aviation Company acquired the aircraft in 1966 and owned it until 1969 when it was owned by Ewing-Kolb Aircraft until 1970. Black Hills Aviation, owned by Arnold Kolb, then purchased the aircraft.

In the late 1960s, the forward engine mount was removed and the aircraft was converted into an aerial firefighter in Spearfish, South Dakota. It was used as a firefighter until April 1980, when it crashed in Brunswick County, North Carolina, while taking off from a Forest Service airstrip; both crew members on the plane avoided injury. Elements from the aircraft were used to restore another B-17, Liberty Belle.

In 2005, the remainder of the aircraft was bought by the Champaign Aviation Museum. In conjunction with parts from several other airframes, restoration to flying condition began. In 2011, the museum recovered parts from Talkeetna, Alaska, to aid in the restoration. As of 2013, nearly 90 volunteers had spent seven years restoring the B-17 at the museum and repaired around 70% of the fuselage. , restoration efforts were still ongoing on major components.

References

External links 
 Aircraft page at Champaign Aviation Museum

Individual aircraft of World War II
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
T. Uday Kumar. Udayakumar T is a Sound designer and Audiographer who has worked in more than 300 films, primarily in Tamil cinema.

Early life

Udayakumar. T is an alumnus of M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute, Taramani, Chennai. After graduation (in 1998) he went on to assist audiographer Deepan Chatterjee at Director Priyadarshan's 4 Frames Sound Company before venturing out independently. He now works in Knack Studios, Chennai. He made his debut as Independent Sound Designer/Engineer with Daas in 2005.

Career

Udayakumar has worked with both veterans and new generation directors including P.Vasu, R.Sunderrajan, Sundar.C, Hari, Pa.Ranjith, Siruthai Siva, Vetrimaran, M. Sasikumar, Bala, Samuthirakani, M. Rajesh, Ponram etc. His notable works includes Asuran, K-13, Kabali, Visaranai, Peranmai, Vivegam, Chennai 600028 II, Madras, and Demonte Colony. His sound mix for Asuran played an important role in the commercial success of the film and was lauded for his work. Apart from sound designing and mixing, recently he made his foray into another domain, by doing script doctoring for the Tamil film K-13.

Awards and recognition

Many movies are made on the editing table but movies do get developed at the mixing stage too like including filling logical loopholes thanks to Uday's expertise on commercial sensibilities. He is a recipient of the Tamil Nadu State Award for Peranmai. He also won the IIFA Award for Chennai 600028 II and the Behindwoods Award for Madras and Demonte Colony.

References

1976 births
Living people
Indian sound designers
People from Chennai
Film people from Tamil Nadu
M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni
2005 Japanese bridge scandal. The  was centered around the use of bid-rigging between 47 colluding Japanese firms and Japan Highway Public Corporation (JH) in the  granting of contracts to build steel bridges in violation of Japanese competition law. It was the biggest such scandal in the history of the nation up to that point, with an estimated 23.5 billion Japanese yen of unfair gains over fiscal years 2003 and 2004.

Background and history
The scandal is one example of the long-time practice of dango, where construction companies and bureaucrats exchange favors and kickbacks for a mutually beneficial outcome, causing less competition and increased costs for public infrastructure. In this case, former executives of JH had been given jobs in private firms in exchange for unreleased information about JH construction projects, part of a tradition known as . This had an effect on the public purse: an example is where contracts for bridges in Shizuoka Prefecture unfairly awarded in May 2004 increased JH's expenses by 45.7 million yen (). The parties involved included major steel companies such as Kobe Steel and Nippon Steel, as well as conglomerates such as Nippon Sharyo and Kawasaki. They were represented by two bodies: A-kai (A association) and K-Kai (K-association), which have reportedly existed since 1960. Businesses in both organizations had successfully netted most of the infrastructure orders between FY2002 and FY2004 put forward by regional bureaus of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT).

Investigation
On 22 May 2005, prosecutors raided the offices of the 47 firms involved, with eight in particular being focused on. Four days later, employees of 11 companies, including the eight previously scrutinized, were arrested. The then-vice president of JH, Michio Usida, was taken into custody on 25 July and fired from his position on 22 August. On 24 March 2006, the Fair Trade Commission of Japan ordered 44 companies to pay over 12.9 billion yen in surcharges to JH and the MLIT.

Aftermath
The Japanese government amended and strengthened anti-bid-rigging laws in light of the scandal as well others around the same time. By 2009, it was determined that many of these measures worked, with a substantial decrease in noncompetitive bidding.

References

2005 in Japan
Anti-competitive practices
2005 scandals
Corruption in Japan
Boston Public Garden Foot Bridge. The Boston Public Garden Foot Bridge is a pedestrian bridge crossing the lagoon in Boston Public Garden, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Built in 1867, it was the world's shortest functioning suspension bridge before its conversion to a girder bridge in 1921.

A plaque reads, "Public Garden / Foot Bridge / Opened June 1, 1867 / Designers / Clemens Herschel, Civil Engineer / 1842 - 1930 / William G. Preston, Architect / 1842 - 1910 / Tablet Placed June 1, 1936 / Boston Society of Civil Engineers".

The bridge is surrounded with "a horticultural effusion of specimen trees and carpet bedding (...) replacing a private effort to create a horticultural garden on the site of ropewalks that had been destroyed by fire".

See also

List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Massachusetts

References

External links

Public Garden Footbridge, 1867, cultureNOW

1867 establishments in Massachusetts
Boston Public Garden
Bridges completed in 1867
Bridges in Boston
Historic American Engineering Record in Massachusetts
Pedestrian bridges in Massachusetts
Gem5. The gem5 simulator is an open source discrete-event computer architecture simulator. It combines system-level and microarchitectural simulation, allowing users to analyze and test a multiplicity of hardware configurations, architectures, and software environments, without access or development of any hardware.

The simulator is capable of simulating modern operating system running on a simulator system and supports a variety of instruction set architectures (ISAs), including x86, ARM, RISC-V. gem5 comes with a library of pre-made components that conform to a modular design methodology allowing researchers to conduct experiments on a wide systems with relative ease. As such gem5 is used to in research tasks as diverse as processor design, the development of memory subsystems, and application performance optimization. In addition to research, gem5 serves as an important education tool, enabling educators to demonstrate to the impact computer architecture design decisions can have on computer system performance.

History 
The gem5 simulator was born out of the merger of m5 (a detailed CPU simulator) and GEMS simulator (a detailed memory system simulator) in 2011.

Features and Capabilities 

 Multi-level Simulation: gem5 supports both system-level and detailed microarchitectural simulation.
 Flexible Processor and System Modeling: gem5 can model a wide range of processor architectures, including x86, ARM, RISC-V, SPARC, and MIPS.
  Configurable Memory Hierarchies: gem5 allows users to define custom cache and memory configurations for exploring different system setups.
  Support for Full-System and Syscall Emulation: gem5 enables simulation of full-system software stacks, including OS and application code, or simplified syscall emulation for faster performance.
  Modular Design: gem5 is highly modular, enabling researchers to plug in different models for CPUs, caches, interconnects, and other system components.
  Extensive Library of Models: gem5 includes detailed models for CPUs (timing, atomic, in-order, and out-of-order), memory, interconnects, and peripheral devices.
  Scalable Multi-core Simulation: gem5 supports single-core to complex multicore and multi-threaded architectures.
  Scripting and Automation with Python: gem5 allows users to configure and control simulations using Python scripts, facilitating complex experiment setups via Python.

References

External links

Source Code

Simulation software
Software_using_the_BSD_license
Journal of Surveying Engineering. The Journal of Surveying Engineering is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers traditional areas of surveying and mapping, as well as new developments such as satellite positioning and navigation, computer applications, and digital mapping. It was established in 1956 (when ASCE Transactions was split into 12 technical journals).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal abstracted and indexed in the Emerging Sources Citation Index and Scopus.

Current Editorial Broad

Editor:
Michael J. Olsen, Ph.D., M.ASCE, Oregon State University

Associate Editor:

Alireza Amiri-Simkooei, Ph.D., University of Isfahan

Sergio Baselga, Ph.D., M.ASCE, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Said M. Easa, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Ryerson University, 

Toronto
Craig Glennie, Ph.D., P.E., University of Houston

Jen-Yu Han, Ph.D., M.ASCE, National Taiwan University

Editorial Board:

Bishwa N. Acharya, Ph.D., M.ASCE, EMI, Inc.
James M. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E., P.L.S., University of California, Berkeley
David Belton, Curtin University
Michael L. Dennis, Ph.D., P.E., R.L.S., M.ASCE, National Geodetic Survey
Robert Duchnowski, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Ahmed F. Elaksher, Ph.D., P.L.S., New Mexico State University
Andrew C. Kellie, P.L.S., M.ASCE, Murray State University
Andrzej Kobryń, Bialystok University of Technology
Thomas H. Meyer, Ph.D., M.ASCE, University of Connecticut
Chris Parrish, Aff.M.ASCE, Oregon State University
Jacek Paziewski, Ph.D., University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Elena Rangelova, Ph.D., P.Eng., University of Calgary
David A. Rolbiecki, P.L.S., M.ASCE, State of Texas Adjutant General’s Department
Michael Starek, Ph.D., M.ASCE, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi
Ergin Tari, Ph.D., Istanbul Technical University
Guoquan Wang, Ph.D., M.ASCE, University of Houston
Benjamin E. Wilkinson, Ph.D., University of Florida

Book Review Editor:
Boudewijn H.W. van Gelder, Ph.D., M.ASCE, Purdue University

References

External links

Engineering journals
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Publications established in 1873
Surveying
Ilyushin Il-90. The Ilyushin Il-90 was a twin-engine, widebody aircraft proposed by the Ilyushin Design Bureau. First mentioned at the Farnborough air show in 1988, the Il-90 was a replacement for the Ilyushin Il-62M long-range narrowbody airliner. The Il-90 was designed to carry 200 passengers a distance of . On a  sector, per-passenger fuel consumption would be . Powerplant choices included the NK-92, an  ducted propfan engine that was related to the Kuznetsov NK-93.

References 

Ilyushin aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Mitra Robot. Mitra Robot (Mitra: a Hindi word meaning "friend") is a Humanoid Robot designed and developed by the Indian startup Invento Robotics, a robotic company in Bangalore founded by Balaji Viswanathan. Mitra Robot made its first appearance in November 2017 at the Global Entrepreneurship Summit where it greeted Ivanka Trump, senior advisor to former U.S. President Donald Trump, and interacted with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Description
The five foot tall robot, Mitra-2, is India's first humanoid robot built and designed to engage in hospitality management and workplace productivity. Mitra can be integrated with a range of CRM applications and interacts with customers using voice. It also received media coverage in 2017 during the Global Entrepreneurship Summit.

Usage
Mitra Robot has been used in banks, weddings, birthday parties, hotels, malls, airports, cinema halls and hospitals. In 2020, the robot connected relatives to those suffering from COVID at the Yatharth Super Speciality Hospital in Noida by means of patrolling the wards.

Events
Mitra robot was used in Tathva 19, the annual techno-management fest organized by NIT-C (National Institute of Technology Calicut), held in Mukkam, Kozhikode on 18 October 2019. Mitra reportedly greeted the dignitaries and delivered a speech thanking the Tathva team.

References

External links
 

Humanoid robots
2017 robots
Robots of India