omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FCS-1. FCS-1 was a Japanese ship gun fire-control system (GFCS).

History
In the 1950s, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) used Mk 57 and Mk 63 as its main GFCS, but they were becoming obsolete. JMSDF was eager to introduce automated GFCS that supported automatic radar tracking, such as the American Mk 56, but it was rejected by the US Navy. Under the FY1955 program, a budget for purchasing one automated FCS overseas was approved. Jaberg (manufactured by Contraves) was selected and installed in  in 1958. It was used for testing and research.

Based on the results, the  began development of a domestic GFCS. In FY1965, a prototype was installed on . This system got a good result and was titled Type 68. However, it was too advanced for the fleet, so a simplified model was developed and installed on  in 1968, named Type 72, which became a mass-production model.

Design
The prototype used a combination of unmanned radar director and manned electro-optical director, and was capable of track while scan (TWS). These two directors were integrated into one manned director as American Mk 56. TWS capability was omitted in the mass-production models.

An electromechanical analog computer was used for fire-control. In the mass-production models, transistors were introduced for their radar and computer (replacing vacuum tubes). The prototype model measured the angular velocity of the line of sight by gyroscopic means (relative-rate) systems, and in the mass-production models, linear-rate systems were introduced.

The two sub-types were: FCS-1A for 5-inch guns and FCS-1B for 3-inch guns.

Operators 
 
 FCS-1A
 
 
 
  (earlier batch)
 FCS-1B
  (latter batch)
  (latter batch)

References

Bibliography

External links 

Military radars of Japan
Naval radars
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
Salzderhelden saltworks. Salzderhelden saltworks () was a saline in Salzderhelden, a district of Einbeck city, Germany.

History 
The start of salt extraction at the site began in 1757. A brine spring had been discovered in the proximity much earlier, in the medieval ages. That was feasible because a Zechstein layer is located in the ground. A graduation tower was built in 1772. From 1851 on balneotherapy was offered for guests. In 1860 a drilling for brine was set as deep as 450m into the ground, replacing the graduation tower. Also, a steam engine was installed to lift the brine to the surface. The steam engine replaced wind mills that had been in use until then. A second derrick was built in 1884. An electrical pump replaced the steam engine in 1920. Power transmission was achieved by line shaft. In the 20th century the facility was shut down, but the drilling tower was preserved and is an industrial heritage nowadays.

Museum 
The power transmission devices were refurbished in 2009. In 2011 the site with its 19th century buildings including the derrick, the engine house and the wooden brine tank was reopened as museum, open for guided tours.

Literature 
 Bastian Sauthoff: Weißes Gold und vergessene Technik. In: Salzderheldener Geschichtsblätter, Band 1, 2009
 Friedrich Otte: Das Salzwerk und die Salzgewerkschaft von Salzderhelden, Einbeck, 1918
 G. Paulig, F. Otte: Geschichte der Saline Salzderhelden, (alte Salzwerk-Kunst), 1984
 F . Otte: Der alte Solbrunnen in Salzderhelden, in : Die Spinnstube 1927, Nr . 5, pp. 65  
 Ernst Engels: Geschichte der Saline Salzderhelden, in: Zeitschrift für Bergrecht 22, 1881, p. 328-351

References

External links 
 http://saline-salzderhelden.de

Saltworks
Einbeck
Jérôme Guillen. Jérôme M. Guillen is a transport executive working in automotive manufacturing.  He holds a Doctor of Engineering from the University of Michigan and has worked for Freightliner Trucks, Daimler AG and Tesla, Inc.  Guillen previously studied in France at ENSTA Paris.  Guillen worked at Tesla, Inc. for ten years between 2010 and 2021, including as President of Automotive, having previously led both the Tesla Model S and Tesla Semi manufacturing programmes.

Education
Guillen was born in 1972 in Cavaillon, Vaucluse, France and grew up near Avignon. He attended the Ismaël-Dauphin school in Cavaillon, followed by the Lycée Thiers secondary school in Marseille.

Guillen's studies at ENSTA Paris included an Erasmus Programme year abroad studying at the engineering department of the Technical University of Madrid (, ETSII), resulting in dual degrees; BS Mechanical Engineering from ENSTA in 1993 and BS Nuclear Engineering from ETSII in 1994.

Guillen completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan in 1999. Upon graduation, Guillen was hired by McKinsey & Company.

Career

McKinsey & Co (1999-2003)
Upon graduation, Guillen was hired by McKinsey & Company.

Daimler (2003-2010)
Beginning in 2003 Guillen worked at Freightliner Trucks, reporting to the company CEO Rainer Schmueckle. He was later promoted to General Manager of New Product Development.  Guillen was project leader for the Freightliner Cascadia program, which was plagued with repeated recalls of hundreds of thousands of vehicles for dozens of reasons including multiple brake system design failures, and wiring systems designed and installed backwards.

On 7 July 2007 Guillen was approached by Dieter Zetsche of Freightliner's parent company, Daimler, and starting in September 2007 became Daimler's Director of Business Innovation.  During 2010 Guillen launched the car2go service for Daimler.  By October 2010, the Business Innovation unit of Daimler, as headed by Guillen, was profitable and self-funding.

Tesla (2010-2021)

In November 2010, Guillen moved to work for Tesla Motors.  Whilst demonstrating the Tesla Model X at the North American International Auto Show in January 2013, Guillen stated that he did not regret the move to Tesla in California, but did miss the German dishes of Käsespätzle and Maultaschen, plus visiting the Stuttgart Ballet.  By April 2015 Guillen was receiving a remuneration of $4.5 million per year.

In a 2013 interview, Guillen discussed "BlueStar" (codename for the Tesla Model 3 project), stating that Tesla was expecting to produce 400,000 cars per year.  During ramp up of the Tesla Model 3 in June 2018, Elon Musk stated who should be contacted to offer help, with Guillen listed as overseeing General  (GA4):

Guillen left Tesla in the role of president, Tesla Heavy Trucking on 3 June 2021.

References

Further reading

 
 

1972 births
Living people
People from Cavaillon
Technical University of Madrid alumni
Tesla, Inc. people
University of Michigan alumni
Alumni of the Erasmus Programme
Swarm 3D printing. Swarm 3D printing or cooperative 3D printing or swarm manufacturing is a digital manufacturing platform that employs a swarm of mobile robots with different functionalities to work together to print and assemble products based on digital designs. A digital design is first divided into smaller chunks and components based on its geometry and functions, which are then assigned to different specialized robots for printing and assembly in parallel and in sequence based on the dependency of the tasks. The robots typically move freely on an open factory floor, or through the air, and could carry different tool heads. Some common tool heads include material deposition tool heads (e.g., filament extruder, inkjet printhead), pick and place tool head for embedding of pre-manufactured components, laser cutter, welding tool, etc. In some cases, operations are managed by artificial intelligence algorithms, increasingly prevalent with larger swarms or more complex robots, which require elements of autonomy to work together effectively. While in its early stage of development, swarm 3D printing is currently being commercialized by startup companies. According to Additive Manufacturing Magazine, AMBOTS is credited with creating the first end-to-end solution for cooperative 3D printing. Using the Rapid Induction Printing metal additive manufacturing process, Rosotics was the first company to demonstrate swarm 3D printing using a metallic payload, and the only to achieve metallic 3D printing from an airborne platform.

See also

References

External links 
 Fully decentralized robotic swarm performing collective search and exploration -- Applied Complexity Group and Motion, Energy Control Lab at SUTD
 Swarm-bots: Swarms of self-assembling artifacts -- EU IST-FET project (2001-2005)
 Award-winning swarm-bot video at AAAI 2007

3D printing
Pymble Substation. The Pymble Substation is a heritage-listed electrical substation at 982–984 Pacific Highway, in the Sydney suburb of Pymble, in the Ku-ring-gai Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1926 to 1928. It is also known as #195 Pymble 33KV Zone/Depot. The property is owned by Ausgrid, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

History 
The Pymble Zone substation/depot is a purpose designed and built structure dating from 1928. "Substation No. 195, 1928" is written on the lintel pediments in relief.
Historical period - 1926–1950

Description 

The Pymble Zone substation/depot is a large and elegant parapetted one and two storey structure with roofs of varying heights, round headed windows, and contrasting lintel pediments. It is a refined example of the Interwar Stripped Classical style as evidenced by the vertical emphasis, vestigial classical cornice and groupings of multi-paned windows. Stylistic elements also include recessed panels incorporating corbelled brickwork near the base and parapet levels, and decorative elements including contrasting brickwork and cement rendered lintel pediments.

Two large entrances with roller shutters provide access. The Pymble Zone substation/depot is constructed in load-bearing face brick with externally expressed engaged piers. The windows make use of brick arch construction.

The sustain is completed in the Interwar Stripped Classical architectural style. Exterior materials used include face brick, cement render, and steel roller shutter.

Condition 
As at 8 November 2000, the substation condition was good.

Heritage listing 
As at 21 October 1998, the Pymble Zone substation/depot is an elegant and refined example of a well detailed face brick substation building designed in the Interwar period. It is considered to be of State significance and a rare and representative example of this style of substation building.

Substation was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

See also 

Australian non-residential architectural styles
Ausgrid

References

Attribution

External links

New South Wales State Heritage Register
Pymble, New South Wales
Electric power infrastructure in New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
1928 establishments in Australia
Energy infrastructure completed in 1928
Buildings and structures completed in 1928
Simrik Air. Simrik Air Pvt. Ltd. is a helicopter airline based at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, Nepal. It operates chartered helicopter services. The company was established in 2001. It was a partner of Simrik Airlines, which operates scheduled fixed-wing services, until latter airline was rebranded as Guna Airlines in 2021. Simrik Air also partners with Swiss helicopter operator Air Zermatt, which helps with pilot training.

Simrik Air, has added a new Bell 505 Jet Ranger X helicopter to its fleet. The helicopter, which has serial number 65430, was signed for in Singapore on March 20, 2023. It is the latest and most successful model of the Bell Jet Ranger helicopter, and is equipped with advanced avionics and safety features.

Fleet

Current fleet
The Simrik Air fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of March 2023):

Former fleet
 Mil Mi-8MTV-1

Accidents and incidents 
 28 May 2003 - A Simrik Air Mil Mi-8MTV-1 crashed while approaching Everest Base Camp. Two passengers were killed and nine injured.
 23 November 2006 - A Simrik Air Mil Mi-8MTV-1 crashed during an emergency landing in Jumla District.
 22 June 2015 - A Simrik Air Eurocopter AS 350 caught fire after a bird strike in Gorkha District and had to make an emergency landing. All five persons on board were reported to be safe.
 30 June 2018 - A Simrik Air Eurocopter AS 350 crashed during a landing at Grande International Hospital in Kathmandu. No passenger was harmed, however the video of which went viral.
 05 May 2023 - A Simrik Air 9N-AJZ helicopter with four passengers onboard in the command of Captain Surendra Paudel was crashed in Bhotkhola Rural Municipality -4, sankhuwasabha. There were four passengers and one pilot onboard. One passenger was reported dead, while four other were injured.

References

External links

 

Airlines of Nepal
Airlines established in 2001
2001 establishments in Asia
2001 establishments in Nepal
John Allen (trade unionist). John Allen (14 September 1804 – September/October 1888) was a British trade union leader.

Born at Lower Glanmere, in County Cork in Ireland, Allen moved to Bristol with his parents at an early age.  He later emigrated to the United States, where he trained as a boilermaker, but after some years, he returned to Bristol, finding work with the Steam Navigation Company.  In 1836, he joined the Friendly Society of Boilermakers, who had just established a branch in the city.  He remained active in the union, and by 1848 was acting as a delegate to its annual meeting, which lasted a full twelve days.  The union became part of the United Society of Boilermakers and Iron and Steel Shipbuilders (USB), and Allen served as the secretary of its Bristol branch in his spare time.

George Brogden, the general secretary of the USB, died suddenly in March 1857, and Allen was elected to replace him.  At the time, the union was struggling, with many members unemployed and funds running low.  Early in 1858, on his recommendation, unemployment benefits to members were reduced, and by the Autumn, they were entirely stopped.  While many members were unhappy with this, its did enable the union to survive, and by the end of the year, it had 3,453 members and reserves of £1,778.

Trade improved from 1859 onwards, and the union's position improved, allowing unemployment benefits to be reinstated in 1862.  In light of this improved position, Allen asked the union to increase his wages, to match what Brogden had been paid.  The union's members voted against this proposal, leading Allen to resign, but he was persuaded to stand in the resulting election, on a platform of being paid at the rate he had previously requested.  He easily won the election and returned to office.

During the remainder of the 1860s, the union continued to thrive, affiliating to the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, and then the new Trades Union Congress.  However, he faced increasing criticism for his poor grasp of administrative procedures and for lacking a plan for the union's future.  As a result, in March 1871 he agreed to retire on a pension of £1 per week.

References

1804 births
1888 deaths
General secretaries of the Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers
Irish emigrants to the United States
Trade unionists from County Cork
People from Glanmire
Click Here to Kill Everybody. Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-connected World is a 2018 nonfiction book by Bruce Schneier that explores the risks and security implications of the proliferation of Internet of Things devices and increases in widespread automation, and lays out suggestions as to how these might be best mitigated at a societal level.

The book was praised for its lucid diagnosis of root causes of the widespread security flaws affecting IoT devices, and its "host of modest, plausible, and effective changes we can make to how we regulate [...] tech."

References

2018 non-fiction books
W. W. Norton & Company books
Internet of things
Books about the Internet
Laura Herz. Laura Maria Herz  is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. She works on femtosecond spectroscopy for the analysis of semiconductor materials.

Early life and education 
Herz studied physics at the University of Bonn and graduated in 1999. She worked for two years as an exchange student at University of New South Wales. She joined the University of Cambridge for her doctoral studies, earning a PhD in 2002. Here she worked on exciton and polaron dynamics in organic semiconductors.

Research and career 
After her PhD, Herz was appointed a postdoctoral research fellow at St John's College, Cambridge, in 2001. She was awarded an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Advanced Research Fellowship in 2006 and an EPSRC Open Fellowship in 2024. Herz joined the Department of Physics, University of Oxford as new faculty in 2003 and became a full professor in 2010.

Herz is an expert in perovskite semiconductors. She has researched the origins of the high charge-carrier mobilities in perovskite materials. She demonstrated that their high efficiency in solar cells was due to long charge-carrier diffusion lengths and non-Langevin recombination. She identified that perovskite light emission is broad and can be used in Ultrafast lasers. She recognised that the origin of this broadening is Fröhlich coupling to longitudinal optical phonons.

Herz is also interested in self-assembly and nanoscale effects. She works on Biomimetics light harvesting structures made of porphyrin nanorings to explore delocalised excited states.

She appeared on the BBC Radio 4 show In Our Time in 2015.

In 2024, Herz was elected as Fellow of the Royal Society.
Her short citation reads:

Awards and honours 

Her awards and honours include:
 2024 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
 2024 Institute of Physics Faraday Medal and Prize
 2024 Fellow of the Materials Research Society
 2022 Royal Society of Chemistry Environment, Sustainability and Energy Division mid-career Award
 2018 Institute of Physics Nevill Mott Medal and Prize
 2018 Oxford University Student Union Outstanding Graduate Supervisor
 2018 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Friedrich-Wilhelm-Bessel Award

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century German physicists
21st-century German women scientists
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
German women physicists
University of Bonn alumni
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Kristen Grauman. Kristen Lorraine Grauman is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at Austin on leave as a research scientist at Facebook AI Research (FAIR). She works on computer vision and machine learning.

Early life and education 
Grauman studied computer science at Boston College, graduating summa cum laude in 2001. She joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her postgraduate studies, earning a Master of Science degree in 2003 followed by a PhD in 2006 supervised by Trevor Darrell. During her PhD Grauman worked as a research intern at Intel and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Career and research
In 2007 Grauman was appointed Clare Boothe Luce Assistant Professor at University of Texas at Austin. Her research looks to develop algorithms that can categorise and detect objects. She is interested in how computer vision can solicit information from humans. She was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in 2011.

She is an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow. She was awarded an Office of Naval Research young investigator award in 2012. In 2013 she was awarded a Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) Young Researcher Award. She is working on techniques to get computers to watch and summarise videos for easy viewing. The egocentric films will be used to aid the elderly and those with impaired-memories.

She has developed several patents for machine learning; including pyramid match kernel methods and a  technique to efficiently identifying images.

Grauman serves as associate editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.  As of May 2018, Grauman is on leave at Facebook AI Research (FAIR).

Awards and honors 
Her awards and honors include:
2019 IEEE Elected Fellow
2019 AAAI Fellow
2018 International Association for Pattern Recognition J. K. Aggarwal Prize
 2017 University of Texas at Austin Academy of Distinguished Teachers
 2017 Helmholtz Prize
 2015 National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2015.
2013 IJCAI Computers and Thought Award
2013 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
 2012 University of Texas System Regents’ Outstanding Teaching Award
 2011 IEEE Intelligent Systems AI's Ten to Watch

References 

1979 births
Living people
American women computer scientists
Boston College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
University of Texas at Austin faculty
American computer scientists
American computer programmers
21st-century American scientists
American women academics
21st-century American women scientists
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Czerwiński CW IV. The one-off, experimental Czerwiński CW IV was a Polish high performance glider and the nation's first two-seater. It set several national records and influenced later Polish designs.

Design and development
ZASPL, the Aviation Association of students of the Lwów Technical University, was the oldest aviation organization in Poland. Revived after World War I, by 1926 it had workshops in Lwów which began building the glider designs of ZASPL member Wacław Czerwiński. The fourth of these, the CW IV, was an experimental two seat, high performance aircraft chiefly designed to explore thermal lift techniques. Thermal flying was still in ts infancy in 1930, having been first conclusively demonstrated in Germany in 1928.

The CW IV was a wooden glider with a high, cantilever, three part wing built around two spars. A wide, rectangular  centre-section occupied about one-third of the span. The outer panels were double-tapered, with ailerons which occupied the whole trailing edges. The leading edges and wingtips were covered with plywood and the rest with fabric.

It had a narrow, rather flat-sided, ply covered fuselage with more rounded upper and lower surfaces forwards. The nose was covered with sheet aluminium.  The wing was raised above the main fuselage on a streamlined pylon which reached ahead of it, with a fairing aft to the tail. The pilot's open cockpit was ahead of this structure, in front of a second, enclosed cockpit, fitted with dual control, at the centre of gravity under the wing. This cockpit had semi-circular openings in the pylon fairing for sideways vision and was accessed via a port-side door. A short skid under the forward fuselage as fitted with rubber shock absorbers for landings.

The empennage of the CW IV was conventional, with ply covered fixed surfaces and fabric covered control surfaces. A triangular fin carried a tall, rounded, balanced rudder. The tailplane, a narrow, blunted triangle in plan, was mounted on top of the fuselage and carried split, rounded elevators.

Operational history
In October 1930 the CW IV flew for the first time during the Lwów group's fourth annual expedition to Bezmiechowa. It proved a success. Szczepan Grzeszczyk, flying it as a single-seater, set a new national duration record of 2:30:15 hours on October 29. On 13 November, with Zygmunt Laskowski in the rear seat, he flew for 1:2:18.2 hour and reached a height of  above his starting point. As the CW IV was the first Polish two seat glider, these November flights were the first national records in those categories.

In 1932 the CW IV went into the ZASPL shops for refurbishments and minor improvements, then went back to Bezmiechowa. In 1934, flown by Piotr Mynarski and  A. Zalińsk, it raised the two seat national record on 19 June to 4:33 hours, then on 5 October to 9:7 hours.

The CW IV was an important milestone in Polish glider development and its influence reached beyond World War II to the successful, single seat IS-B Komar.

Specifications

References

1930s Polish sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1930