omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-1017. German submarine U-1017 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 19 April 1943 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 217, launched on 1 March 1944 and commissioned on 13 April 1944 under Kapitänleutnant Victor Graf von Reventlow-Criminil.

Design
Like all Type VIIC/41 U-boats, U-1017 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 supercharged six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines producing a total of  and two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. The boat was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1017 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA or TMB Naval mines, one  SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one  Flak M42 and two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. Its complement was between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The boat's service career began on 13 April 1944 with the 31st Training Flotilla, followed by active service with 11th Flotilla on 1 November 1944. U-1017 took part in no wolfpacks U-1017 was sunk by depth charges and a FIDO homing torpedo dropped by a RAF Liberator bomber of 120 Squadron on 29 April 1945 in the North Atlantic, NW of Ireland in position .

Summary of raiding history

See also
 Battle of the Atlantic

References

Bibliography

German Type VIIC/41 submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1944
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1944 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
U-boats sunk by British aircraft
Submarines lost with all hands
Ships built in Hamburg
Maritime incidents in April 1945
German submarine U-1024. German submarine U-1024 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 20 May 1943 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 224, launched on 3 May 1944 and commissioned on 28 June 1944 under Kapitänleutnant Hans-Joachim Gutteck.

Design
Like all Type VIIC/41 U-boats, U-1024 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 supercharged six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines producing a total of  and two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. The boat was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1024 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA or TMB Naval mines, one  SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one  Flak M42 and two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. Its complement was between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The boat's service career began on 28 June 1944 with the 31st Training Flotilla, followed by active service with 11th Flotilla on 1 February 1945. U-1024 took part in no wolfpacks. U-1024 was captured on 12 April 1945 in the Irish Sea by British frigates  and , at ,  with the loss of nine lives. There were 37 survivors. U-1024 sank the following day while being towed.

Summary of raiding history

See also
 Battle of the Atlantic

References

Bibliography

 Paul Kemp ( 1997) U-Boats Destroyed. Arms & Armour  
 Axel Niestle (1998) German U-Boat Losses during World War II. Greenhill Books 

German Type VIIC/41 submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1944
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1944 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the Irish Sea
Ships built in Hamburg
Maritime incidents in April 1945
Captured U-boats
Vladimir Sobyanin. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sobyanin (; 13 September 1952 in Sesha village, Dubrovsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Soviet Union) is a Russian/Soviet scientist, PhD, and professor.

Vladimir Sobyanin was born in 1952. In 1969 he graduated from the Physico Mathematical school of Novosibirsk State University. He graduated from the Department of Natural Sciences of Novosibirsk State University in 1974. In 1991 he obtained his PhD.

Sobyanin's scientific activity is closely connected with the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 1974 he has worked there as a research engineer, junior and major research assistant, laboratory chief, and as the Deputy Director of Scientific Studies.

Sobyanin held several teaching positions at Novosibirsk State University including Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry, and, from 2007 to 2012, Rector. Numerous graduation works and Master's theses were defended under his guidance.
Sobyanin is a well known scientist in the field of catalysis, is the author of more than 210 scientific works as well as 3 surveys, and holds 14 patents.

References

Soviet chemists
Novosibirsk State University alumni
Russian science writers
Academic staff of Novosibirsk State University
People from Bryansk Oblast
1952 births
Living people
George Chen. George Z. Chen FRSC () is a professor of electrochemical technologies at the University of Nottingham. In 1996–1997, together with Derek Fray and Tom Farthing, he co-invented the FFC Cambridge process of electrochemical reduction of oxides to metals, where FFC abbreviates the last names of the inventors.

Chen graduated from Jiujiang Teacher Training College in 1981 and obtained his MSc degree in physical chemistry from Fujian Normal University in 1984. He then moved to England and in 1992 defended his PhD at Imperial College, University of London under the supervision of John Albery. After spending four years as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oxford, Leeds University and the University of Cambridge he became Senior Research Associate (1998), Assistant Director of Research (2001) and Official Fellow (2003) of Darwin College, Cambridge. In 2003 he assumed the position of reader at the University of Nottingham and in 2009 was promoted to professor.

References

British materials scientists
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Caudron C.140. The Caudron C.140 was a French tandem cockpit sesquiplane designed in 1928 as a combination of liaison aircraft and observer and gunnery trainer.

Design and development
The C.140 was designed in the first half of 1928 to meet a French military call for a multi-purpose aircraft that could train pilots and gunners in gunnery and in photographic and radio reconnaissance work as well as fulfilling a liaison role.

It was a single bay, markedly unequal span biplane or sesquiplane. The upper wing was in three parts, with easily detachable, rectangular plan outer panels joined to a central panel which included a broad cut-out over the fuselage to enhance the upward view from the tandem cockpits. The lower wings were similar but with the lower fuselage in place of the central panel.  Both wings had two drawn, rectangular section duralumin tube spars drilled for lightness, wooden ribs and round duralumin tube internal drag struts. Parallel pairs of outward-leaning interplane struts, again of round tubular duralumin, linked upper and lower wing spars aided by wire bracing. Similar parallel pairs of outward-leaning cabane struts joined the central panel to the upper fuselage longerons. There was no stagger or dihedral.

The C.140 was powered by an uncowled  Salmson 9AB nine cylinder radial engine, mounted on duralumin bearers. In the case of a fire, the  fuel tank could be jettisoned in flight. Behind the engine the fuselage was of mixed construction and a deep oval in section, with multiple longitudinal members. The pilot sat in the forward, open cockpit under the rear of the wing, with the observer close behind, about halfway to the tail, where there was a shallow triangular fin with a parallel edged rudder with a tip continuing the upper fin line and a lower edge reaching to the keel. The small tailplane was rectangular in plan and carried larger area, overhanging balanced elevators with a small cut-out for rudder movement.  The C.140 had a tail skid undercarriage with its main wheels on a single axle, sprung to two sets of steel V-struts from the lower wing root.

For gunnery training the pilot had a camera-gun and the observer a pair of Lewis machine guns. The observer also had a wide-angle camera for photographic reconnaissance and radio equipment for immediate reporting. The C.140 was equipped for night flying.

The C.140 first flew in the summer of 1928. It did not go into series production.

Specifications

References

C.140
Sesquiplanes
1920s French military utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Makey Makey. Makey Makey: An Invention Kit for Everyone is an invention kit designed to connect everyday objects to computer keys. Using a circuit board, alligator clips, and a USB cable, the toy uses closed loop electrical signals to send the computer either a keyboard stroke or mouse click signal. This function allows the Makey Makey to work with any computer program or webpage that accepts keyboard or mouse click.

Product background 
MIT students, Jay Silver and Eric Rosenbaum, the Makey Makey was produced by research done at MIT Media Lab's Lifelong Kindergarten. Prior to creating the Makey Makey, Jay Silver and Eric Rosenbaum also worked on creative tools and invention kits such as Drawdio, Singing Fingers, and Scratch.

The first prototype for Makey Makey was created in 2010 and tested at a workshop at San Francisco Exploratorium where participants used the product to create a game called "Drum Pants" that used a beach ball as a controller and water buckets as the foot-pads to play the console game, Dance Dance Revolution. The Second Prototype was created in 2011 and 2012 and tested with interactive design specialists, after which the final prototype was tested at the Maker Faire in San Francisco in 2012 before the end of the Kickstarter campaign.

Funding 
Makey Makey was started through a Kickstarter campaign that raised over $50,000. Following its initial funding on Kickstarter, Makey Makey was written about in Mashable, Wired, and New Scientist, among others.

Technical specifications 
The Makey Makey board was originally designed around the Atmel 32U4 microcontroller. The controller uses all 12 analog input pins on the 32U4 microcontroller in combination with a pull-up resistor array to sense the low voltages returning from conducting materials like fruit or skin. This microcontroller can easily be used as a USB-HID device and act as a keyboard, gamepad or mouse. The hardware design is very similar to the Arduino Leonardo, with some added pull-up resistors and indication LED's. Because of the similarities you can easily turn a regular Arduino Leonardo into a Makey Makey compatible device. You can also program the official Makey Makey using the Arduino IDE.
The REV 1.2 board is built around the Microchip PIC 18F25K50. With the REV 1.2 reprogramming the microcontroller is no longer possible, and the functionality is now limited to keyboard and mouse emulation. REV 1.2 also drops the open source nature of the board design, and the new Makey Makey boards no longer can run stand-alone code.
The newest 2017 version seems to be designed around a GPCE4096UA sound controller.

Awards and recognition 
 (2014) Inducted into The Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection
 (2014) Popular Science's "Best of Toy Fair"

References

External links
 Official homepage

Electronic toys
Souls in Metal. Souls in Metal: an Anthology of Robot Futures is an anthology of  robot-themed science fiction short stories edited by Mike Ashley. It was first published in hardcover by Robert Hale in February 1977 in the United Kingdom, with an American hardcover edition following from St. Martin's Press in June of the same year, and a paperback edition from Jove/HBJ in June 1978.

The book collects nine short stories and novelettes. The stories were originally published in the magazines Astounding, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Infinity, Fantastic Universe, and Galaxy. The book includes a preface and afterword by the editor.

Contents
"Preface" (Mike Ashley)
"Helen O'Loy" (Lester del Rey)
"—That Thou Art Mindful of Him!" (Isaac Asimov)
"The Twonky" (Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore (as Lewis Padgett))
"A Logic Named Joe" (Murray Leinster)
"Impostor" (Philip K. Dick)
"Who Can Replace a Man?" (Brian W. Aldiss)
"The Velvet Glove" (Harry Harrison)
"I Am Crying All Inside" (Clifford D. Simak)
"Internal Combustion" (L. Sprague de Camp)
"Afterword" (Mike Ashley)

Reception
John Clute considered the collection a "jalopy of a book," an "atrocious little money-spinner," whose contents could not have "required more than a modicum of research to uncover." Of the editor, he wrote "In general his editorial comments are among the most illiterate ever printed, with high-school syntax howlers and unintended neologisms breeding together ... like fruit flies in Hiroshima, nor on decipherment is what he says about his assemblage of stories even interestingly false." Clute was kinder in regard to the stories themselves. He singled out for particular praise del Rey's "Helen O'Loy," "that famous crazy comedy romp." The other tales he lumped together as "warhorses," with the exception of the Aldiss piece, which he neglected to mention.

Notes

1977 anthologies
Science fiction anthologies
Robert Hale books
Robots in literature
Hosokawa Micron Powder Systems. Hosokawa Micron Powder Systems is an American company located in Summit, New Jersey, which designs and manufactures equipment for size reduction, classification and mixing of chemical, pharmaceutical and food materials. The company was started in 1923 by Louis Ruprecht named Pulverizing Company and was later bought by the Hosokawa Micron Group in 1985.

History
In 1923 Louis Ruprecht, a graduate from Stevens Institute of Technology, founded Pulverizing Company with offices in New York City and a small machine shop in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The company focused its efforts in micronizing or size reduction of powder materials. The first machine patented was the Mikro-Pulverizer which accomplished powder size reduction by mechanically impacting material with the use of a hammer and screen.

The business outgrew its facilities in Elizabeth and moved to Roswell Park in 1932. In ten more years the company had once more outgrown these facilities and moved to Summit, New Jersey where it currently resides. In May, 1942 the Summit location opened and was immediately contracted by the US Army and Navy to produce materials for World War II. From 1942 to 1945 the company produced parts for tanks, warships and airplanes. Over one million pounds of magnesium powder were produced for tracer bullets and flares. During this time the Summit location was heavily guarded.

In 1954, Louis Ruprecht died and the company was sold to Metals Disintegration Company in Union, New Jersey. After a number of ownership changes, finally, in 1985 the company was sold to the Micron Powder Group and the name was changed to Hosokawa Micron Powder Systems. The company current operates in a 14,000 square foot facility in Summit, New Jersey.

References

Biomedical engineering
Chemical companies of the United States
Companies based in Union County, New Jersey
Pharmaceutical companies based in New Jersey
American companies established in 1923
1923 establishments in New Jersey
American subsidiaries of foreign companies
2010 Tesoro Anacortes Refinery disaster. The 2010 Tesoro Anacortes Refinery disaster was an industrial accident that occurred at the Tesoro Anacortes Refinery in Anacortes, Washington on April 2, 2010. Seven workers received fatal burns in an explosion and ensuing fire when a heat exchanger violently ruptured after a maintenance restart.

Explosion
At 12:30 a.m. on April 2, while personnel were performing post-maintenance heat exchanger restart operations, a heat exchanger on an adjacent bank catastrophically and violently ruptured. The pressure-containing shell of the heat exchanger burst at its weld seams, expelling a large volume of very hot hydrogen and naphtha, which spontaneously ignited upon contact with the surrounding air. The ensuing explosion was so violent that many in Anacortes felt the shock wave across Fidalgo Bay. A giant fireball lit up the sky above the refinery, and a plume of black smoke was pushed toward the town by a southeast wind. It took about 90 minutes to put the fire out.

Aftermath
The families of the victims and an injured contractor filed a lawsuit against Tesoro. The lawsuit was settled for $39 million, but as of 2020 the company continued to fight a fine and government accusations that it willfully put its workers in harm's way.

The Tesoro refinery had been fined $85,700 in 2009 for 17 "serious" safety violations — meaning there was a risk of "death or serious physical injury" from each violation. Those fines were later reduced to three violations and a $12,250 settlement.

According to the final report released by the CSB, the explosion was caused by high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA), which severely cracked and weakened carbon steel tubing and led to the rupture. As a result, the CSB recommended the state adopt more rigorous process safety management attributes and features based on the team's regulatory analysis. The Nelson curve for carbon steel was also reduced, prohibiting the use of the material in processes that operate in temperatures above 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

The accident was the state's worst industrial disaster in 50 years. A similar incident occurred in November 1998, when six men were killed in explosion at the Equilon Puget Sound Refinery in Anacortes.

See also
 Williams Olefins Plant explosion

References

External links
 Report: Deadly Anacortes refinery blast ‘could have been prevented’
 No Criminal Charges In Deadly Tesoro Refinery Explosion
 Tesoro Refinery Fatal Explosion and Fire
 No criminal charges in 2010 Tesoro explosion, U.S. Attorney decides
 Chemical Safety Board to Vote on Tesoro Explosion Report
The Anacortes Refinery Disaster. Fault Lines - Al Jazeera English (video, 25 mins)
 
2010 in Washington (state)
Tesoro Anacortes Refinery disaster
Disasters in Washington (state)
Industrial fires and explosions in the United States
German submarine U-1165. German submarine U-1165 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 31 December 1942 by Danziger Werft, Danzig as yard number 137, launched on 20 July 1943 and commissioned on 17 November 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Hans Homann.

Design
Like all Type VIIC/41 U-boats, U-1165 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 supercharged six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines producing a total of  and two SSW GU 343/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. The boat was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1165 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA or TMB Naval mines, one  SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one  Flak M42 and two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. Its complement was between forty-four and sixty.

Armament

FLAK weaponry
U-1165 was mounted with two 2cm Flak C38 in a M 43U Zwilling mount with short folding shield on the upper Wintergarten. The M 43U mount was used on a number of U-boats (, , , , , , , , ,  and ).

Service history
The boat's service career began on 17 November 1943 with the 8th Training Flotilla, followed by active service with 9th Flotilla on 1 June 1944, followed by 11th Flotilla on 1 August 1944. U-1165 took part in no wolfpacks. U-1165 surrendered on 9 May 1945 at Narvik, Norway. She was transferred to Loch Eriboll, Scotland on 19 May 1945. She was sunk on 30 December 1945 at , as part of Operation Deadlight.

Summary of raiding history

See also
 Battle of the Atlantic

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

German Type VIIC/41 submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1943
World War II submarines of Germany
1943 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Ships built in Danzig
Operation Deadlight
Maritime incidents in December 1945
USA-260. USA-260, also known as GPS IIF-9, GPS SVN-71 and NAVSTAR 73, is an American Satellite navigation which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the ninth of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.

Launch
Built by Boeing and launched by United Launch Alliance, USA-260 was launched at 18:36 UTC on 25 March 2015, atop a Delta IV carrier rocket, flight number D370, flying in the Medium+(4,2) configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-260 directly into medium Earth orbit.

Orbit
On 25 March 2015, USA-260 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 729.14 minutes, and 55.00 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 26 signal, and operates in slot 5 of plane B of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a design life of 15 years and a mass of .
 It is currently in service following commissioning on April 20, 2015.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2015
GPS satellites
USA satellites
Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets