omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stanford S. Penner. Stanford Solomon Penner (5 July 1921 – 15 July 2016) also known as Sol Penner, was a German-American scientist and engineer, a major figure in combustion physics, especially in rocket engines, and a founder of the Engineering program at University of California, San Diego. He obtained his PhD in 1946 from the University of Wisconsin–Madison under Farrington Daniels and Theodore von Kármán.

Biography 
Stanford S. Penner was born on July 5, 1921, in Unna, Germany, a small town in the North Rhine-Westphalia region of Germany. He moved to the U.S. when he was 15 and he earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry at Union College in New York in 1942. He obtained his PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison under the supervision of Farrington Daniels and Theodore von Kármán, specializing in the development of rocket engines, and became a researcher at Jet Propulsion Laboratory after finishing his doctorate.

After working as a research engineer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory from 1946 to 1950, he became the Professor of Jet Propulsion at Caltech from 1950 to 1964. At 1964, he came to UCSD as a founding chair of the UCSD's first engineering department. In 1972, he created the Center for Energy Research at UCSD as a place for researchers from across campus and around the world to come together to pursue critical, interdisciplinary energy research.

Penner died at his home in La Jolla on July 15, 2015, at the age of 95.

Research

Penner collaborated with Theodore von Kármán in the later years of von Kármán life for 15 years. The Kármán–Penner flux fraction, first introduced by Von Kármán and Penner in 1954, is the fraction of mass flux of a particular chemical species (it is used sometimes in place of species mass fraction). He has received numerous professional honors, including election to the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Academy of Astronautics; he has also been awarded the Distinguished Associate Award from the US Department of Energy and the Founders Award from the National Academy of Engineering.

Penner also founded two scientific journals: the Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer in 1960, serving as chief editor for over 30 years and in 1975 he founded Energy, An International Journal and of the (classified) Journal of Defense Research.

Publications
Penner has published around 320 journals in his lifetime and authored many books and monographs.

Books

See also
Forman A. Williams
Paul A. Libby

References

External links
 

1921 births
2016 deaths
Fluid dynamicists
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Engineers from California
Union College (New York) alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of California, San Diego faculty
California Institute of Technology faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Engineers from New York (state)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fred J. Miller. Fred J. Miller (January 3, 1857 – November 26, 1939) was an American mechanical and industrial engineer, known for his seminal work in designing high-precision scientific instruments,  and as president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1920–21.

Biography 
Born in Yellow Springs, Ohio, in 1857, Miller was the eldest son of son of John Z. Miller and Elizabeth (Woodhurst) Miller. His father was a skilled general mechanic, who worked as contractor. After his public school education, Miller became a regular apprentice at a machine shop.

Miller started his career as toolmaker at the firm of Benjamin H. Warder in Springfield, Ohio, and worked his way up to foreman. He started to invent tools and devices for the machine tool industry contribute to mechanical journals, of which some became used in leading manufacturers. Also he started to write articles, and in 1887 became full-time editor of the American Machinist machinery journal, editor-in-chief, and eventually vice-president of the publisher.

After twenty years in the publishing business, he returned to industry as general manager of typewriter factory. After nine years he was appointed Major of Ordnance at the U.S. Army at the Rock Island Arsenal, the Arsenals in Washington, and rolled into the staff of the Secretary of War.

Miller was president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the year 1920–21, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and recipient of the Gantt Medal.

He died in Trenton, New Jersey, on November 26, 1939.

Publications 
 Fred J. Miller, Census of manufactures: 1905. Metal working machinery. 
 Fred J. Miller, Labor, management and production.

Publications about Fred J. Miller 
 ASME. "Biography of Fred J. Miller," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 43. 1921; p. x
 ASME. Fred J. Miller: A Biography of a Man who Hoped Never to Grow So Old that a New Idea Would Shock Him. 1941

References 

1857 births
1939 deaths
Engineers from Ohio
People from Yellow Springs, Ohio
Henry Laurence Gantt Medal recipients
Paulo Lozano. Paulo Lozano is an aerospace engineer focusing in space propulsion, electrospray thrusters, micro- and nanofabrication, space mission design, small satellite technology development, ion beams, and additive manufacturing. He is currently the M. Aleman-Velasco Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, as well as Director of the Space Propulsion Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

References 

MIT School of Engineering faculty
American aerospace engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American academics of Mexican descent
Robert Beardsley. Robert Cruce Beardsley (b. 28 January 1942) is an American oceanographer, focused on observational and numerical model studies of wind-, tidal-, and buoyancy-driven currents, mixing, and air-sea forcing on the continental shelf and marginal seas and on the impact of physical processes on biological processes and ecosystem dynamics. He is currently Scientist Emeritus at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 

He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

External links
 Curriculum Vitae

1942 births
Living people
American oceanographers
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Peng Shaoyi. Peng Shaoyi (; 9 November 1917 – 6 May 2017) was a Chinese physical chemist. Peng was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1980. He was a member of China Democratic League since 1956.

Biography 
Peng's ancestral home is Liyang of Southern Jiangsu, he was born on 9 November 1917 in Wuchang, Wuhan. Peng had never  received formal education until he attended the provincial high school. At 17 he enrolled at Wuhan University. Following the relocation of the university,  he arrived in Leshan, Sichuan where he graduated from in 1939. Then he was appointed a research assistant at a fuel factory of the Chongqing government.  He departed for the U.S in 1947, began his abroad studying and researching. He returned to China in 1949. Peng worked at Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS and Institute of Coal Chemistry, CAS.  He concentrated on the catalysts for petroleum refining and chromatography. He was also deemed a pioneer of Chinese chromatography. On the early morning of the 6 May 2017, Peng died of deteriorating health.

References 

1917 births
2017 deaths
Chemists from Hubei
Chinese physical chemists
People from Wuhan
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Wuhan University alumni
Golden rain demonstration. Golden rain demonstration is made by combining two colorless solutions, potassium iodide solution and Lead(II) nitrate solution at room temperature to form yellow precipitate. During the chemical reaction, golden particles gently drop from the top of Erlenmeyer flask to the bottom, similar to watching the rain through a window. The golden rain chemical reaction demonstrates the formation of a solid precipitate. The golden rain experiment involves two soluble ionic compounds, potassium iodide (KI) and lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2). They are initially dissolved in separate water solutions, which are each colorless. When mixed, as the lead from one solution and the iodide from the other combine to form lead(II) iodide (PbI2), which is insoluble at low temperature and has a bright golden-yellow color. Although this is a reaction solely of the dissociated ions in solution, it is sometimes referred to as a double displacement reaction:

Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI → 2 KNO3 + PbI2

At higher temperature, this substance easily re-dissolves by dissociation to its colorless ions. The actual change (net ionic equation) is thus:

References

External links 
 Golden rain - ionic bonding Royal Society of Chemistry

Chemistry classroom experiments
CCPForge. The Collaborative Computational Projects (CCP) group was responsible for the development of CCPForge, which is a software development tool produced through collaborations by the CCP community. CCPs allow experts in computational research to come together and develop scientific software which can be applied to numerous research fields. It is used as a tool in many research and development areas, and hosts a variety of projects. Every CCP project is the result of years of valuable work by computational researchers.

It is advised for projects to have one application, this helps users to search a category and classification system so they can find the right project for their work. Furthermore, the project can be under up to three CCPs provided it is a collaboration. Each classification category will have sub-sections to filter the category further. CCPForge projects, such provide essential information which has been used in publications such as 'Recent developments in R-matrix applications to molecular processes' and 'Ab initio derivation of Hubbard models for cold atoms in optical lattices', in which codes from CCPQ were used.

The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and EPSRC both fund the CCPForge project. The Scientific Computing Department (SCD) of the Science and Technology Facilities Council is responsible for the development and maintenance of CCPForge, and this is funded by a long-term support grant from EPSRC.

Current Projects 

* CCPQ was formed from CCP2 "Continuum States of Atoms and Molecules", incorporating aspects of CCP6 "Molecular Quantum Dynamics".

References 

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Jisc
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Science and technology in Oxfordshire
Computational physics
Computational chemistry
Collaborative Computational Project Q. Collaborative Computational Project Q (CCPQ) was developed in order to provide software which uses theoretical techniques to catalogue collisions between electrons, positrons or photons and atomic/molecular targets. The 'Q' stands for quantum dynamics. This project is accessible via the CCPForge website, which contains numerous other projects such as CCP2 and CCP4.  The scope has increased to include atoms and molecules in strong (long-pulse and attosecond) laser fields, low-energy interactions of antihydrogen with small atoms and molecules, cold atoms, Bose–Einstein condensates and optical lattices. CCPQ gives essential information on the reactivity of various molecules, and contains two community codes R-matrix suite and MCTDH wavepacket dynamics.

The project is supported by the Atomic and Molecular Physics group at Daresbury Laboratory, which supports research in core computational and scientific codes and research.

This project is a collaboration between University College London (UCL), University of Bath, and Queen's University Belfast. The project is led by Professor Graham Worth who is the Chair, alongside Vice-Chairs Dr Stephen Clark and Professor Hugo van der Hart. Quantemol Ltd is also a close partner of the project. The project is a result of the previous Collaborative Computation Project 2 (CCP2), and is an improved version of this older project. CCPQ (and its predecessor CCP2) have supported various incarnations of the UK Molecular R-matrix project for almost 40 years.

Applications 
Both academic and industrial researchers use CCPQ. One of its uses is in the field of plasma research; reliable data on electron and light interactions is essential in order to model plasma processes used both on a small and large scale. Large scale industrial processes need to investigate the implementation of new methods thoroughly, and CCPQ can be used to theoretically determine the value of new processes.

CCPQ has been used to study the Hubbard models for cold atoms in optical lattices, as it provides codes used in this area of research. CCPQ hosted the necessary code on the CCPForge website, which contains other computational research projects.

References 

Computational particle physics
Computational physics
Science and Technology Facilities Council
University College London
Common Electrical I/O. The Common Electrical I/O (CEI) refers to a series of influential Interoperability Agreements (IAs) that have been published by the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF). CEI defines the electrical and jitter requirements for 3.125, 6, 11, 25-28, and 56 Gbit/s electrical interfaces.

CEI, the Common Electrical I/O
The Common Electrical I/O (CEI) Interoperability Agreement published by the OIF defines the electrical and jitter requirements for 3.125, 6, 11, 25-28, and 56 Gbit/s SerDes interfaces. This CEI specification has defined SerDes interfaces for the industry since 2004, and it has been highly influential. The development of electrical interfaces at the OIF began with SPI-3 in 2000, and the first differential interface was published in 2003. The seventh generation electrical interface, CEI-56G, defines five reaches of 56 Gbit/s interfaces. The OIF completed work on its eighth generation through its CEI-112G project. The OIF has launched its ninth generation with its CEI-224G project. CEI has influenced or has been adopted or adapted in many other serial interface standards by many different standards organizations over its long lifetime. SerDes interfaces have been developed based on CEI for most ASIC and FPGA products.

CEI direct predecessors
Throughout the 2000s, the OIF produced an important series of interfaces that influenced the development of multiple generations of devices. Beginning with the donation of the PL-3 interface by PMC-Sierra in 2000, the OIF produced the System Packet Interface (SPI) family of packet interfaces. SPI-3 and SPI-4.2 defined two generations of devices before they were supplanted by the closely related Interlaken standard in the SPI-5 generation in 2006.

The OIF also defined the SerDes Framer Interface (SFI) family of specifications in parallel with SPI. As a part of the SPI-5 and SFI-5 development, a common electrical interface was developed termed SxI-5. SxI-5 abstracted the electrical I/O interface away from the individual SPI and SFI documents. This abstraction laid the groundwork for the highly successful CEI family of Interoperability Agreements and was incorporated in the original release of CEI 1.0 a generation later.

Generations of OIF Electrical Interfaces

Two earlier generations in this development path were defined by some of the same individuals at the ATM Forum in 1994 and 1995. These specifications were called UTOPIA Level 1 and 2. These operated at 25 Mbit/s (0.025 Gbit/s) and 50 Mbit/s per wire single ended and were used in OC-3 (155 Mbit/s) applications. PL-3 was a packet extension of the cells carried by those earlier interfaces.

Public demonstrations
Compliant implementations to the draft CEI-56G IAs were demonstrated in the OIF booth at the Optical Fiber Conference in 2015, 2016 and 2017.

References

Digital electronics
Ethernet
Synchronous optical networking
Fiber-optic communications
Pfafstetter Coding System. The Pfafstetter Coding System is a hierarchical method of hydrologically coding river basins. It was developed by the Brazilian engineer  in 1989. It is designed such that topological information is embedded in the code, which makes it easy to determine whether an event in one river basin will affect another by direct examination of their codes.

History and use

In the 1950s, Pfafstetter suggested the use of a hierarchical system of coding river basins, later described in a 1989 paper. The method was applied to Brazilian water networks, and has been used in a number of other applications.

Description

The Pfafstetter system relies on the properties of the base-10 numbering system. In a water system to be coded, the main stem is defined as the path which drains the greatest area. The four major tributaries, in terms of water drainage, of the main stem are determined, and the water basin of each defined. This results in four tributary basins, as well as five inter-basin regions which are drained by the main stem.

Each region is then numbered from 1-9, with the downstream-most inter-basin region denoted 1; therefore, the inter-basin regions and tributary basins are numbered 1,3,5,7,9 and 2,4,6,8 respectively. The number 0 is reserved for closed drainage systems.

Each tributary basin is then coded in an identical manner, and the resulting number appended to the end of the tributary basin number. In this manner, the entire waterway may be coded in a recursive manner to an arbitrary precision.

Properties

The primary advantage of the Pfafstetter system is that the water drainage topology is directly described by the code:

 At each level, higher digits denote upstream segments.
 Odd digits denote segments on the main stem; even digits denote tributaries of the main stem.

Therefore, given a point with code A on the water system, a point with code B is downstream if:

 The first exactly n digits of each code match, where n ≥ 0, AND
 The remaining digits of B are:
 less than the remaining digits of A, AND
 all odd.
For example, segment 8835 is upstream of segments 8833 and 8811, but not segments 8832, 8821 or 9135.

The Pfaffstetter system is a particularly efficient system; n-digit codes can be used in a water system with 10n segments. It compares favourably in this respect to the USGS HUC method.

See also 
 Hydrological code
 Strahler number
 Water Resource Region

References

Geomorphology
Hydrology
Limnology
Trees (graph theory)
Geocodes
JNR Class C53. The  is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built in Japan from 1928 to 1929. The locomotives were designed by Hideo Shima and built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Hitachi. A total of 97 Class C53 locomotives were built.

The locomotives are notable for being the only non-experimental three-cylinder locomotives in Japan's railway history. They used the Gresley conjugated valve gear, which enabled high performance on the mainline. However, their mechanical complexity led to a short service life, especially after better-performing locomotives, such as the Class C59 and C62, entered production in the 1940s during and after the war. All 97 locomotives were retired by 1950.

Preserved examples 
Today, only one Class C53 locomotive has been preserved in Japan, C53 45, at the Kyoto Railway Museum (formerly Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum).

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification
 JNR Class C51
JNR Class C52
JNR Class C54
JNR Class C59

References

1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Steam locomotives of Japan
4-6-2 locomotives
Preserved steam locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Passenger locomotives
SDLG. Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (abbreviated SDLG), founded in 1972, is a subsidiary corporation of Volvo Construction Equipment, headquartered in Linyi, Shandong. Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Co. is one of the most important manufacturers of construction machinery and mining equipment, diesel engines and industrial gas turbines in China, with equipment exports to Brazil, and some countries in Africa. 

SDLG is also a subsidiary of the Volvo brand.

References

External links 
 Official website

Truck manufacturers of China
Construction equipment manufacturers of China
Volvo Group
JNR Class C52. The  is a type of 4-6-2 steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company at Schenectady Works for the Japanese Government Railways in 1925. The locomotives were originally classified as the 8200 class under the JGR locomotive classification system until 1928.

They were acquired to sample the latest American three-cylinder conjugated valve gear steam technology; as a consequence only six – the minimum order – were purchased and the tenders were built locally by Hitachi. They were the last Japanese steam locomotives to be imported. These served as an exemplary forerunner to the C53.

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification
JGR Class 8900
JNR Class C51
JNR Class C53

References

1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Steam locomotives of Japan
4-6-2 locomotives
ALCO locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Passenger locomotives
Jattu Engineer. Jattu Engineer is a 2017 Indian comedy film directed by Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh and Honeypreet Insan. The film was released on 19 May 2017.

Plot 

The story of "Jattu Engineer" revolves around an underdeveloped village that is struck by poverty, unemployment, and drug menace and how a teacher transforms the fate of the villagers with his deep-dyed gumption to uplift the living standards of the village. The movie will also highlight the PM Narendra Modi's dream project – Swachh Bharat Mission.

Soundtrack 
The music is composed by Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh. The soundtrack album consists of two songs written and sung by Singh.

Release 
The film released on 19 May 2017. Reza Noorani of Times Of India rated movie with 1 star. He writes "The film is two hours of loud gags with a handful of preachy messages. Watch at your own risk, this one!".  Firstpost criticized the movie saying "Star rating: * — because there is just one star, Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Insaan". Even the critics of BookMyShow; popular cinema ticketing website has rated the movie with 1 star. This movie was made tax-free by the government in Rajasthan and Haryana. The shooting of this movie was completed in Just 15 days. Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Insaan has a total of 40 credits in the movie which includes DOP, script writing, song writing, set designing, art direction, dress designing, editing, choreography etc. The movie has two songs, one of which is based on sports, to encourage the youth to participate more actively in games rather than using drugs in this age. Both the songs are composed and sung by Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh Insaan himself.

References

External links 
 

2010s Hindi-language films
2010s Indian films
2010s masala films
2017 comedy films
2017 films
Films set in Haryana
Indian comedy films
Norman Einspruch. Norman G. Einspruch is a professor and dean emeritus at the University of Miami College of Engineering. He attended Rice University, the University of Colorado, and Brown University in the 1950s. He was the dean of the University of Miami College of Engineering from 1977 to 1990. He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

External links
University of Miami Library record

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
University of Miami faculty
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society