omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Leslie J. Edhlund. Leslie J. Edhlund (December 21, 1911 – January 12, 1994) was an American politician and mechanical engineer.

Edhlund was born in Welcome, Martin County, Minnesota. He went to the Mechanic Art High School in Saint Paul, Minnesota and to Macalester College. Edhlund also went to the University of Minnesota and to the Dunwoody College of Technology. He lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota with his wife and family. Edhlund worked for 3M and was a mechanical engineer. Edhlund served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1963 and 1964.

References

1911 births
1994 deaths
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
People from Martin County, Minnesota
Macalester College alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
American mechanical engineers
3M people
Members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
20th-century members of the Minnesota Legislature
William Ditto. William L. Ditto (born 1959) is an American biomedical engineer.

Ditto was raised in Anchorage, Alaska. He studied physics at the University of California, Los Angeles and completed a doctorate in the subject at Clemson University. Ditto then worked for the United States Department of the Navy before teaching at the College of Wooster for two years. During his subsequent six-year tenure at Georgia Tech, Ditto was a founding member of the department of biomedical engineering, jointly established in 1999 by Georgia Tech and Emory University. Between 2002 and 2009, Ditto served as chair of the department of biomedical engineering at the University of Florida. He then joined the faculty of North Carolina State University.

In 2003, Ditto was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, "[f]or achievements in experimental nonlinear dynamics, especially as applied to biological systems such as the heart and the brain."

References

Fellows of the American Physical Society
Georgia Tech faculty
North Carolina State University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Engineers from Alaska
1959 births
Living people
American biomedical engineers
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
21st-century American engineers
People from Anchorage, Alaska
College of Wooster faculty
University of Florida faculty
Clemson University alumni
Harry W. K. Tom. Harry W. K. Tom is a physicist and professor at the University of California, Riverside. He was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2000, "[f]or pioneering contributions to our understanding of the ultrafast dynamics of surface chemical and physical reactions, particularly femtosecond laser-induced nonequilibrium phase transitions and chemical reactions."

References

University of California, Riverside faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
20th-century physicists
21st-century physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
AAI In-Line. The AAI In-Line was a prototype aircraft machine gun developed by AAI Corporation. The weapon was intended for potential aircraft use and capable of high rate of fire similar to the M134 Minigun but with the accuracy of a fixed barrel machine gun. The In-Line machine gun concept worked and passed air force tests but was not further developed. Around three of them were manufactured. The only known example is on display at the Air Force Armament Museum.

Design
The AAI In-Line is an externally driven chain/crankshaft operated machine gun with six fixed barrels. The belt feed is unusual as it uses a synchronizer for every sixth round is to be chambered in each barrel. It is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO.

References

AAI In-Line
AAI In-Line at the Air Force Armament Museum

7.62×51mm NATO machine guns
Aircraft guns
Abandoned military projects of the United States
Machine guns of the United States
Multi-barrel machine guns
ARC Caldas (1933). ARC Caldas was one of two s built for the Colombian Navy during the 1930s. Originally ordered for the Portuguese Navy, the two ships were purchased by Colombia while still under construction. She was discarded in 1960 and subsequently scrapped.

Design and description
The Antioquia-class ships were designed by the British shipbuilder Yarrow and were based on , a prototype destroyer built for the Royal Navy in 1926 by Yarrow. They were  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of . The ship displaced  at standard load and  at full load.
 
The Antioquias were powered by two Parsons-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers. The turbines, rated at , were intended to give a maximum speed of . The destroyers carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at .

Armament was similar to contemporary Royal Navy destroyers, with a gun armament of four 4.7 in (120 mm) Vickers-Armstrong Mk G guns, and three 2-pounder () Mk VIII anti-aircraft guns. Two quadruple banks of 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes were carried, while two depth charge throwers and 12 depth charges constituted the ships' anti-submarine armament. Up to 20 mines could be carried. The ships' complement consisted of 147 officers and men.

Citations

Sources
 

 

 
Destroyers of the Colombian Navy
1933 ships
Ships built in Portugal
Antioquia-class destroyers
Burgess Model K. The Burgess Model K was a two-seat pusher type "flying boat" built for the U.S. Navy by Burgess in 1913.

Design 
The aircraft was built to meet navy requirements as a two-seat, tandem, staggered-wing biplane flying boat. The primary construction was made of wood, with a spruce and oak framework overlaid by fabric and mahogany. The hull was made of two detachable sections connected by steel fittings.

Of particular note was the design of the wings. The lower plane was of traditional biplane style using two spars, but the upper section was of "monoplane" style and used only one spar. The upper wing was used to provide lateral stability through wing-warping, while the lower wing remained rigid. The entire wing structure was designed to be foldable and detachable.

The aircraft was equipped with a variety of indicators, including a compass, altimeter, inclinometer, airspeed indicator and chart boards. The native Wright control scheme would later be replaced.

Pitch and yaw control were provided through a conventional empennage. The rudder provided control both in the sky and on the water.

Operational history 
The design was ordered in March or February 1913 and one was built. It was tested at the Burgess facility in Marblehead in April, and delivered and accepted by the Navy on May 17, designated D-1.

The aircraft was shipped with the patented Wright control scheme. However, it would be used as a testbed for various aircraft control systems that were under review by the Navy department at that time, including those used on Nieuport and Deperdussin.

In February 1914, the aircraft stalled at an altitude of 200' and crashed at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida. Its pilot, Ltjg. James M. Murray, drowned in the accident.

In December 1914, ten months after the aircraft was destroyed in the crash, it was officially redesignated as AB-6.

Specifications 
General characteristics

 Crew: One pilot
 Capacity: one passenger
 Length: 31' (9.45m)
 Wingspan: 43' (13.1m) (Upper Wing), 36' (10.97m) (Lower Wing)
 Wing Area: 397 sq. ft (37 sq. m)
 Height: 8' 10"
 Powerplant:1 × Renault 8 cyl Air-Cooled, 70 hp 
Performance
 Maximum speed: 62 mph (100 km/h, 54 kn)
 Gross Takeoff Weight: 2,100lbs (952kg)

References 

Aircraft first flown in 1913
Flying boats
1910s aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1910s United States aircraft
1910s United States experimental aircraft
Biplanes
Zastal 410D. The Zastal 410D is a diesel shunting locomotive produced by Zaodrzańskich Zakładach Przemysłu Metalowego im. M. Nowotki in Zielonej Górze. Designed to perform shunting operations on industrial sidings, a total of 51 examples were produced from 1973–1975.

History 
In 1969, the Technical Office of Zaodrzańskie Zakłady Przemysłu Metalowego im. M. Nowotki in Zielona Góra had finalized the technical design data for the 410D locomotive and after state approval, construction of a prototype unit was started (which was ready by 1972). Serial production began a year later in 1973. The 410D locomotives were intended to replace older domestic diesel shunting locomotives, notably the Ls40, Ls60 and Ls75.

Technical Details 
The locomotive's welded mainframe was made of rolled sections, had reinforced end-carriages with two sleeve buffers and spring-loaded draw hooks mounted to the frame. Axle blanks were made in an attached facility, where sliding blocks were integrated into the assembly. The truck is suspended using of a set of 4 flat springs, resting on two axles. The spoked wheels are recessed inside the locomotive body. The body is made of welded steel sheets with an engine compartment and a single driver's cabin. There are platforms for locomotive service personnel located on both sides of the engine compartment.

The locomotive has a 110 hp SW400 / L1 engine manufactured by the Diesel Engine Factory, Andrychów. Power is transmitted through the ZM 130 torque converter to a 101PHA  mechanical transmission. During the operating life of the 410D locomotive, malfunctions were found in the hydromechanical torque converter and the electromagnetic clutch control. The power generated by the locomotive also was found to be insufficient. These manufacturing defects led to a lack of orders and production of the series was stopped.

Preserved Units 
Solitary examples of this series of locomotive continued to be used in Poland as of 2014, including a broad-gauge unit, number 410D-001 at the cargo terminal in Braniewo and number 410D-35 in the Romanowo quarry.

One locomotive of this series, number 410D-51, is in the collection of the Museum of Industry and Railways of Silesia in Jaworzynie Śląskiej. It is the final unit to be produced in the series; it was purchased by the Carpet Factory in Kowary in 1975. In 2002, it was sold to the Śnieżka Forest Inspectorate, where it was used on the siding of the State Forests in Kostrzycy. In 2005, it was bought by the museum in Jaworzyna. Number 410D-10 locomotive has been preserved at the locomotive depot in Jarocin.

See also 
 List of diesel locomotives operated in Poland
 Incomplete factory list of 410D locomotives

References

Diesel locomotives of Poland
C12–C13 alcohol glycidyl ether. C12-C13 alcohol glycidyl ether is a mixture of organic chemicals in the glycidyl ether family. It is a mixture of mainly 12 and 13 carbon chain alcohols, also called fatty alcohols that have been glycidated. It is an industrial chemical used as a surfactant but primarily for epoxy resin viscosity reduction. It has the CAS number 120547-52-6.

Manufacture
A fatty alcohol mixture rich in C12-C13 alcohols is placed in a reactor with a Lewis acid catalyst. Epichlorohydrin is then added slowly to control the exotherm. The reaction results in the formation of the halohydrins. This is followed by a caustic dehydrochlorination, to form C12-C13 alcohol glycidyl ether.
The waste products are water and sodium chloride and excess caustic soda. One of the quality control tests would involve measuring the Epoxy value by determination of the epoxy equivalent weight.

Synonyms
The material has a number of synonyms.
 Oxirane, mono (C12-13-alkyloxy) methyl derivatives
 Alkyl(C12-C13) glycidyl ether
 Alkyl glycidyl ether
 Oxirane, Mono (C12-C13 alkoxymethyl) methyl derivatives
 
 Oxirane, 2-[(C12-13-alkyloxy)methyl] derivatives

Uses
As an epoxy modifier it is classed as an epoxy reactive diluent. It is one of a family of glycidyl ethers available used for viscosity reduction of epoxy resins. These are then further formulated into coatings, sealants, adhesives, and elastomers. Resins with this diluent tend to show improved workability. It is also used to synthesize other molecules. The use of the diluent does effect mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins.

Toxicology
The toxicology is fairly well known, and it is classed as a skin irritant.

See also
 Epoxide
 Glycidol

References

Further reading

External websites
 Denacol epoxy diluent range
    Reactive Diluents – Olin Epoxy
  Hexion Epoxy Functional Modifiers
 Cargill Reactive diluents

Glycidyl ethers
Reactive diluents
William Maxwell Stewart. William Maxwell Stewart (1874-1926) was a Scottish ventilation engineer of distinction.

He was the middle  of three shipbuilding and engineering brothers in Glasgow who revolutionised heating, cooling and ventilation in shipping accommodation, railways, aircraft and public buildings around the world .

He and his brothers Alexander William Stewart (1865-1933) and (Sir) Frederick Charles Stewart (1879-1950) were born to Dalmuir-based railway station agent turned coal merchant William Stewart and his wife Isabella née Sinclair. His parents had married in Grangemouth in 1862; William (senior) then being a groom and son of a William Stewart, a mason in Bathgate, and Isabella Sinclair Stewart who was a daughter of sea captain David Sinclair and his wife  Isabella Maxwell.

In 1901 the three brothers set up their own firm, Thermotank, based in Glasgow with works coming next to the Clyde at Govan in 1908, and later with branches and agencies overseas.
 
In 1913 William M Stewart married Jessie Brown of Newlands, Glasgow and settled in Lochbrae House, overlooking St Germain's Loch, Bearsden.

Beyond work he was appointed in 1922 as the Deacon (also known as Visitor) of the long-established Incorporation of Maltmen in the Trades House Glasgow. An appreciation of him in the Glasgow Bailie magazine of 23 September 1922 describes his career to date:-
"Educated at Allan Glen's and at the University where he studied engineering. he served his apprenticeship with the Clydebank Shipbuilding and Engineering Company (now John Brown & Co) and turning specially to electrical engineering he was afterwards engaged with Clarke, Chapman & Co, Newcastle. Mr Maxwell Stewart was joint founder of the Thermotank Company and the Thermotank Engineering Company. During the war [WWI] the company made notable work in the making of high explosive shells. The Deacon [also known as Visitor] of the Incorporation of Maltmen is a member of the Electrical Engineers Institute and the Institute of Engineers and Shipbuilders, and of the Scottish Automobile Club in Blythswood Square."

Stewart died in 1926 at home in Lochbrae House, Bearsden; with the younger of his two bachelor brothers continuing to lead the Thermotank businesses. After his elder son, William Alexander Frederick Stewart, died in 1940 age 26 it was his younger son (Sir) Iain Maxwell Stewart who would join Thermotank as a director, becoming its chairman on the death of his uncle (Sir) Frederick Charles Stewart in 1950.

References

Categories 

1874 births
1926 deaths
People educated at Allan Glen's School
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scottish electrical engineers
Scottish company founders
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
21st-century Scottish businesspeople
Scottish industrialists
Space program of Turkey. The space program of Turkey is the space policy implemented by Turkey to further its interests in aerospace. Turkey first began developing its space program in 1993, and it has been under the authority of the Turkish Space Agency since 2018. Turkey has launched several satellites, and its current objective is to send a lander to the Moon by 2026.

History 
The space program of Turkey developed as part of the Turkish Science and Technology Policy under the authority of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey in 1993, which designated space technology as one of the primary fields of technology. Prior to that, Turkey became one of the founding members of EUMETSAT as early as 1984. The Turkish Air Force was tasked with making recommendations on a national space agency in 2001. Turkey signed a cooperation agreement with ESA in 2004. In 2018, Turkish Space Agency was founded by Presidential decree. The stated objectives of the Turkish Space Agency include development and resource independence through space technology. The Turkish Space Agency also seeks to develop the space program to increase Turkey's influence and recognition on the world stage. Agency currently has agreements with Ukraine, Hungary and Kazakhstan's space programs, and claims to conduct extensive nation-wide assessments regarding membership to ESA since 2020.

In 2021, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced a 10-year plan for Turkey's space program. The primary objective of this plan is to achieve a Moon landing through international cooperation in 2023 to mark Turkey's centennial, followed by an independent Moon landing in 2028. Other objectives include development of new space technologies, establishment of a spaceport, the formation of a Space Technology Department, and sending a Turkish citizen to space on a scientific mission. As part of the Axiom Mission 3, Turkey's first astronaut Alper Gezeravcı was launched from the Florida of the United States on January 19, 2024. Gezeravcı, who spent 14 days in space, performed 13 scientific experiments prepared by academic and research institutions in Turkey on the International Space Station and returned to Turkey on February 12, 2024.

Satellites 
The state owned satellite communications company Türksat began launching a series of Türksat satellites in 1994. The TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute is responsible for research and development relating to space technology. It has developed multiple Earth observation satellites, including BILSAT-1 in 2003 and RASAT in 2011. Turkey has also developed the Göktürk series of satellites for military use. Other satellite-related projects being developed by the space program of Turkey include the Regional Positioning and Timing System and the Space Launch System.

See also 

 Science and technology in Turkey

References 

Science and technology in Turkey
Space program of Turkey
Space programs by country
List of cancelled nuclear reactors in Russia. This is a list of canceled nuclear reactors and site projects in Russia.

History
Throughout the 1970s and up to the late 1980s, Russia had been rapidly expanding its RBMK reactor program. Eighteen were originally planned across three sites including Kursk, Leningrad and Smolensk. However, in light of the Chernobyl incident in 1986, many of these reactors were either cancelled, or left unfinished. Some of these reactors had significant infrastructure already in place in preparation for construction but were halted as the reactors were seen as very unsafe.

In recent decades, construction was started on reactor projects all across the country using the newer VVER class of reactors. In some cases, complications with supply, export security and a variety of other factors have led to the suspension of construction or even permanent cancellation of these projects entirely.

This list displays the status of these projects and identifies them as cancelled plan; meaning the site never came to fruition, or cancelled construction; meaning facilities were constructed but further advancement was suspended.

Cancelled nuclear reactors

See also
 Nuclear power in Russia

References

Nuclear power in Russia
Cancelled nuclear power stations
Nuclear history
William L. Maxwell. William Laughlin Maxwell (born 1 July 1934) is an American engineer.

William L. Maxwell was born in Philadelphia on 1 July 1934, and attended Central High School. He subsequently attended Cornell University. During his studies, Maxwell met Andrew Schultz Jr. and Richard W. Conway. After Maxwell completed his bachelor's in mechanical engineering in 1957, Schultz convinced him to stay for a Ph.D., with which he graduated in 1961. Maxwell remained at Cornell as a faculty member, where he was later appointed to a named professorship in industrial engineering named after Schultz. In 1998, Maxwell was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering "[f]or the theory and practice of real-time production planning and scheduling systems." That same year, he retired from Cornell and became a senior scientist at Arkieva.

References

Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Cornell University faculty
1934 births
Living people
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
American industrial engineers
American mechanical engineers
Scientists from Philadelphia
Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni
Engineers from Pennsylvania
American computer scientists
Cornell University alumni
Ateliers de construction de La Meuse. Ateliers de construction de La Meuse () are a manufacturing and engineering company based in Liège in Belgium. During the period from 1888 to 1958, La Meuse built 1350 steam locomotives some for Belgian State Railways (later NMBS/SNCB), and many more for industrial networks. Of these a substantial number survive worldwide.

The company still exists today, focusing on boilermaking, mechanics and the assembly of large-scale machinery. They have facilities in Sclessin and Seraing.

History
The origins of the business date back to the 16th century. During 1835 Charles Marcellis, forge master, moved his business to La Boverie, Liège. The company was set up as Société Anonyme des Ateliers de la Meuse. In 1872, the name was changed to Société Anonyme des Ateliers de construction de La Meuse. These new workshops were erected on the site they currently occupy between the Meuse river and the Paris-Namur-Liége-Cologne rail line. Expansion followed so that they occupied an area of about ten hectares. The company produced heavy industrial equipment for mining and metallurgy. The first locomotives were built in 1887 for the SNCV, and La Meuse would be the last company to deliver a steam locomotive to NMBS/SNCB.

In 1889, there was produced a narrow gauge locomotive for an industrial user. They went on to eventually build over 800 locomotives for industrial users. Their customers were mostly Belgium, but also  Italy, Yugoslavia, Morocco, Congo, Romania, Turkey, Spain, Latin America and the Netherlands.

Locomotives

Belgian State Railways
 Type 8
 Type 9
 Type 10
 Type 11
 Type 12
 Type 23
 Type 25
 Type 29
 Type 32/32S
 Type 36
 Type 51

Deutsche Reichsbahn
 DRB Class 50

Hellenic State Railways
 SEK class Κγ

Surviving Steam Locomotives

References

External links
 Company website 
 Rail.lu 
 La Meuse in Nederland 

Companies based in Liège Province
Engineering companies of Belgium
Locomotive manufacturers of Belgium