omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Allegheny Electric Cooperative. Allegheny Electric Cooperative is an electric generation and transmission cooperative that generates electricity for 14 member electric cooperatives in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey in the United States. The cooperative, which was founded in 1946, is based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

About
Allegheny Electric Cooperative is an electric generation and transmission cooperative founded in 1946 that provides wholesale power to 14 electric cooperatives located in the states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Allegheny Electric Cooperative generates its electricity from various sources, with renewable energy sources such as nuclear and hydroelectric power accounting for about 65 percent of the energy supply. The cooperative owns a 10 percent stake in the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, a 2,600 MW, two-unit nuclear power plant in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, with Talen Energy owning the remaining 90 percent and operating the power plant. Allegheny Electric Cooperative operates the Raystown Hydroelectric Project and William F. Matson Generating Station, a 21 MW, two-unit hydroelectric project located at the Raystown Dam in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania.

Members
Allegheny Electric Cooperative is composed of 14 member electric cooperatives in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, who are all members of the Pennsylvania Rural Electric Association:
Adams Electric Cooperative
Bedford Rural Electric Cooperative
Central Electric Cooperative
Claverack Rural Electric Cooperative
New Enterprise Rural Electric Cooperative
Northwestern Rural Electric Cooperative
REA Energy Cooperative
Somerset Rural Electric Cooperative
Sullivan County Rural Electric Cooperative
Sussex Rural Electric Cooperative
Tri-County Rural Electric Cooperative
United Electric Cooperative
Valley Rural Electric Cooperative
Warren Electric Cooperative

References

External links
Allegheny Electric Cooperative

Electric generation and transmission cooperatives in the United States
Companies based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Energy companies established in 1946
Cooperatives based in Pennsylvania
Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters. FIRE (Flyby of Io with Repeat Encounters) is a concept mission to Jupiter's innermost major moon Io. The mission was first presented in 2012 for a possible future consideration by NASA's New Frontiers program.

Overview

If developed in the future, the FIRE spacecraft would use three gravity assists to reach Jupiter six years later. The spacecraft would orbit Jupiter and perform 10 flybys of Io, some as low as  from its surface. The ten flybys would be completed in approximately four months.

As a New Frontiers class mission, the cost cap would be $991 million (FY2012) with a $927 million base cap with a $64 million launch vehicle cost credit.

Goals and objectives

Payload

The instrument suite includes four proposed instruments:  
 Visible OpticaL Camera And Near-infrared Observer (VOLCANO) is a visible/near-infrared imager.
 Multi-Axis Geophysical Magnetometer (MAGMA) is a magnetic instrumentation subpackage.
 Comprehensive AnaLysis of Dust from ERuptions and Atmosphere (CALDERA), is a dust analyzer that would identify the material in the volcanic plumes.
 FieLd Analysis through Radio Exploration (FLARE) is a radio science experiment.

Power

Electric power to the spacecraft and its scientific payload would be generated by three Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generators (ASRG). ASRG is a radioisotope power system under development at NASA's Glenn Research Center. It uses a Stirling power conversion technology to convert radioactive-decay heat into electricity for use on spacecraft.

See also

Atmosphere of Io
Io Volcano Observer (IVO), a mission concept to Io
Volcanology of Io

References

Missions to Jupiter
Io (moon)
New Frontiers program proposals
Chiu Tzu-tsung. Chiu Tzu-tsung () is a Taiwanese nuclear engineer who has been the Deputy Minister of the Atomic Energy Council of the Republic of China since 2017.

Education
Chiu obtained his bachelor's degree in nuclear engineering from National Tsing Hua University in 1975 and master's degree in nuclear science from the same university in 1979.

Careers

Atomic Energy Council
In the Atomic Energy Council, he has been the director of Fuel Cycle and Materials Administration, director of Department of Nuclear Regulation, director of Department of Planning, director of Department of Radiation Protection, executive secretary of Legal Affairs Committee and engineering superintendent and chief executive secretary.

In June 2017, Chiu reiterated the plan to make Taiwan nuclear-free by 2025 and to decommission nuclear power plants on schedule.

On 21–23 September 2017, Chiu will become the commander-in-chief for the annual safety drill which will take place around Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant in Wanli District, New Taipei, in which 10,000 personnel will be mobilized. Health and Welfare Deputy Minister Hsueh Jui-yuan and Economic Affairs Deputy Minister Yang Wei-fuu will become deputy commanders.

References

Living people
Political office-holders in the Republic of China on Taiwan
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mei Hong (computer scientist). Mei Hong (, born May 1963) is a Chinese computer scientist, a professor at Peking University, the director of Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies of Ministry of Education (MOE) at Peking University. He serves as President of the China Computer Federation (2020-2024), formerly the Vice President of The Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Academia Europaea, a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences, an IEEE Fellow, and an ACM Fellow.

Biography 
Mei Hong was born May 1963 in Yuqing County, Guizhou, China. He earned his bachelor's degree in 1984 and his master's in 1987, both from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. In 1992, he obtained his Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Mei joined Peking University in 1992, and served as Dean of the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science from 2006 to 2014. He then became Vice President of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2013-2016), Beijing Institute of Technology (2016-2019), and The Academy of Military Sciences (2019-2023). In 2020, he became the President of the China Computer Federation (2020-2024).

Mei was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011, a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2013, and a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 2018. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for his "contributions to software architecture and component-based software engineering". He was named to the 2022 class of ACM Fellows, "for contributions to software engineering research and translation, and establishing research standards in China".

References 

1963 births
Living people
Academic staff of Beijing Institute of Technology
Chinese computer scientists
Fellows of the IEEE
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics alumni
People from Yuqing County
Academic staff of Peking University
Scientists from Guizhou
Shanghai Jiao Tong University alumni
Academic staff of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
TWAS fellows
Alan Howard (engineer). Alan Howard (August 19, 1905 – May 19, 1966) was an American engineer, general manager of the Gas Turbine Department at General Electric Co., and inventor. He was known as "one of the world's leading authorities on the development and application of gas turbines," and recipient of the 1964 ASME Medal.

Biography

Youth, education and early career 
Howard was born in Washington, D.C., in 1905. He obtained his BSc in electrical engineering from Purdue University in 1927.

After his graduation in 1927, Howard started his lifelong career at the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York as electrical engineer. He advanced rapidly various positions, and moved into steam turbine activities in 1941.

Further career and acknowledgement 
In World War II at General Electric, Howard managed the development of aircraft gas turbine engine for the United States Air Force, and developed the TG 100 and TG 180 turboprop engine. After the war, Howard became responsible for the "development of all GE's heavy-duty, industrial gas turbines, including the first locomotive gas turbine in the United States." In 1949, Howard had been appointed assistant to the vice-president and general manager, and in 1951, he became appointed general manager of the gas turbine department.

Howard had been awarded the Charles E. Coffin Award by General Electric for his "accomplishments in connection with the design and development of the TG100 and TG180 aircraft gas turbines." In 1954, he was awarded the honorary degree of doctor of engineering by Purdue University. In 1962, he had been elected Fellow of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, and in 1964, he was awarded the ASME Medal.

Selected publications 
  Arthur H. Morey and Alan Howard, "Gas turbine power plant." U.S. Patent No. 2,403,388. 2 Jul. 1946.
 Alan Howard, "Gas turbine power plant with axial flow compressor," U.S. Patent No. 2.548,886. April 17, 1951. 
 Alan, Howard, and Bruce O. Buckland. "Power plant frame structure having air-cooling means for turbine rotors and exhaust frame struts." U.S. Patent No. 2,591,399. 1 Apr. 1952.

References 

1905 births
1966 deaths
American electrical engineers
20th-century American businesspeople
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Engineers from Washington, D.C.
ASME Medal recipients
20th-century American engineers
Lloyd H. Donnell. Lloyd Hamilton Donnell (May 25, 1895 – November 7, 1997) was an American mechanical engineer, and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology. He is considered internationally renowned expert in engineering mechanics, specifically known for his work on shell analysis and thin-shell structure. He was recipient of the 1969 ASME Medal.

Biography

Youth, education and early career 
Donnell was born Kents Hill, Maine in 1895, son of Albert Webb Donnell and Annie Morrell Hamilton Donnell. His father was a teacher and his mother an author. After regular education he obtained his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1915. In 1930 he also obtained his PhD at the University of Michigan under Stephen Timoshenko.

After his graduation in 1915, Donnell had started teaching at University of Michigan. From 1930 to 1933 he was research assistant at the Aeronautical Laboratory of Caltech at Theodore von Kármán. From 1933 to 1939 he was engineer at Goodyear Zeppelin Company, where he worked on the design of airships.

Further career and acknowledgment 
In 1939 Donnell joined the Illinois Institute of Technology faculty, where he served as Professor of Mechanical Engineering until his retirement in 1962. Afterwards he was Professor at Stanford University, and in 1974 guest professor at the University of Houston.

Donnell was founding editor of the engineering journal Applied Mechanics Reviews. He was awarded the honorary doctor degree by the Illinois Institute of Technology. In 1960 he received the Worcester Reed Warner Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the Theodore von Karman Medal in 1968 and the ASME Medal in 1969.

Work 
Donnell is known for his "stress-analysis research into cylindrical shells, which advanced development of monocoque (wherein the external frame helps supports structural load) bodies for automobiles and planes. He also studied dynamics, elasticity, instability, and wave propagation."

Selected publications 
 Donnell, Lloyd Hamilton. Longitudinal wave transmission and impact. University of Michigan, 1930.
 Donnell, Lloyd Hamilton. Stability of thin-walled tubes under torsion. NACA Report No. 479, 1935.
 Donnell, Lloyd Hamilton. Beams, plates and shells. McGraw-Hill Companies, 1976.
 Donnell, Lloyd Hamilton. Symposium on the Theory of Shells (1966 : University of Houston). Proceedings, 1967

References

External links 
 Lloyd H. Donnell, Illinois Institute of Technology, Hall of Fame

1895 births
1997 deaths
American mechanical engineers
American men centenarians
University of Michigan faculty
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
Stanford University faculty
People from Readfield, Maine
ASME Medal recipients
20th-century American engineers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Bagel machine. A bagel machine is a machine that automatically produces bagels. It rolls, presses, and shapes dough into perfect circles.

History 
In 1950, Daniel Thompson, son of Mickey Thompson, began designing an automatic bagel-making machine when he was 29. His father had been trying to make a working automatic bagel-making machine for most of his life to advance his baking business, and Daniel was following in his footsteps.  

In 1958, Daniel Thompson started construction of the first successful automatic bagel-making machine in his garage in Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles. He called it “The Thompson Bagel Machine”. A few years later, he patented his design. One year later, in 1961, he and his wife established the "Thompson Bagel Machine Manufacturing Corporation". Five years after he started construction of the bagel machine, he leased the successful and perfected design to Murray Lender, who owned a family-run bagel-making business. 

The first automated bagel-making machines were introduced to New Haven, Connecticut, Buffalo, New York, and St. Louis, Missouri in 1963, producing between 200 and 400 bagels per hour. The largest machines could produce as many as 5,000 bagels in an hour. Bagels had very quickly become extremely popular and were in an abundance supermarkets and restaurants because of Daniel Thompson’s bagel making machine. The price of the bagel has dropped significantly because they are now being mass produced everywhere in the world.

Impact 
Before Thompson's automatic bagel-making machine was invented, making bagels was a slow process. Very few bakers actually made them. After the automatic bagel machine was invented, many more bagels were  produced and the bagel became much more common. The automatic bagel-making machine popularized the bagel, leading to it being featured in many supermarkets and restaurants around the world. Today, far more bagels are being produced than ever before.

Use and features 
The bagel machine automatically mass creates bagels by rolling the bagels, shaping the bagels, and pressing the bagels until they are a circular shape.

References 

Bagels
Food preparation
Machines
Korail Class 368000. The Korail Class 368000 is one of the Rapid class of trains operated by Korail. It is manufactured by Hyundai Rotem and used on the ITX-Cheongchun Line. The doors are placed such that they fit the Korail metro screen doors on the Gyeongchun Line.

Gallery

See also
 ITX-Cheongchun

References

External links
Railway Systems-Project Record View
 

Electric multiple units of South Korea

25 kV AC multiple units
Hyundai Rotem multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2012
Xavier Ract-Madoux. Xavier Ract-Madoux was a French hydraulician.  He joined Electricité de France (EDF) in 1947 and remained with them for the rest of his working life.  He became Controller General of EDF in 1973, and later became a vice-director.  He was a member of the Société Hydrotechnique de France and the General Secretary of the French Committee of Large Dams.

In the summer of 1949, Xavier Ract-Madoux and L. Reynaud, tested an electrothermal ice drill in the Alps.  They were surveying the Mer de Glace for EDF to determine if it could be used as a source of hydroelectric power.  Experiments in 1944 had demonstrated that using explosives to clear tunnels through the ice was ineffective; some passages to the interior of the glacier were opened by digging, but these closed within days due to the pressure and plasticity of the ice, which overwhelmed any attempt to brace the tunnels open with wood.  Ract-Madoux and Reynaud's drill consisted of a 1 m long resistor wound in a cone shape, with a maximum diameter of 50 mm.  This was suspended from a cable via a tripod over the borehole, and was able to drill 24 m in an hour under ideal conditions.

References

Sources 
 
 
 

Hydraulic engineers
20th-century French civil servants
20th-century French engineers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Blohm & Voss P 163. The Blohm & Voss P 163 was a design project for an unconventional bomber during World War II. Constructed mainly from steel, its crew were accommodated in large wingtip nacelles, giving it a triple-fuselage appearance. Its propeller drive system was also unusual, with the central fuselage containing twin engines coupled to a front-mounted contra-prop.

Design
The P 163 was one of several highly unusual bomber configurations studied by the Blohm & Voss aircraft division under Chief Designer Richard Vogt. It was developed in response to a 1942 Luftwaffe requirement for a Heinkel He 111 replacement.

The primary structure was of welded sheet steel, in order to avoid using the strategically important light alloys which were in short supply.

Its main fuselage was unmanned but otherwise conventional, having a tractor propeller and conventional tail, with the tailplane mounted part way up the fin. The tail section and control surfaces were to be made of fabric-covered wood. A shallow indent on the underside allowed for carriage of a semi-recessed bomb load.

The lightly tapered, unswept wing was mounted low on the fuselage and its inner section housed the retractable main undercarriage. A large nacelle was mounted on each wing tip. also of armoured steel,  and each housing two crew fore and aft, with additional gun positions. This unusual arrangement was designed to provide the pilot with maximum visibility and the gunners with maximum field of fire. Heavy defensive armament such as mixed 20 mm guns and 30 mm cannon was proposed.

The distribution of weight outboard also improved the span loading of the wing, reducing the bending forces at the roots by an estimated 44% and allowing a lighter structure.

To test the asymmetric pilot's position, one wing tip of a Blohm & Voss BV 141 was fitted with an experimental nacelle. Pilots found it sufficiently intuitive to use, although it was not fitted with flight controls.

The propulsion system was also unconventional. The propeller was contra-rotating and driven by two coupled engines located in the fuselage immediately behind it. Two variants were studied in parallel, having different powerplants but being otherwise almost identical.

The P 163.01 had a Daimler-Benz DB 613C based on two DB 603 series inline engines located side by side. The P 163.02 was given the more powerful BMW 803A based on two BMW 801 series radials placed back to back.

Various offensive bomb loads were considered, between  and . Large bombs would be recessed into the fuselage, while multiple smaller bombs would be carried under the wing, inboard of the undercarriage.

Specification (P 163.01)

See also
Blohm & Voss P 170

References

Notes

Bibliography
Cowin, Hugh W.; “Blohm und Voss Projects of World War II,” Part II,  Air Pictorial, November 1963 pp. 368-370.
Pohlmann, Hermann. 'Chronik Eines Flugzeugwerkes 1932-1945 (German), 2nd impression, Motorbuch, 1982, (1st edn. 1979), pp 170-172. .
Sharp, Dan; Luftwaffe: Secret Bombers of the Third Reich, Mortons 2016, pp. 50-53.

P 163
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Michael Wright (architect). Alec Michael John Wright, CMG (; 19 September 1912 – 26 January 2018) was a chartered surveyor and Director of Public Works of Hong Kong. He was a longtime colonial civil servant and chief architect of the Public Works Department. He was also an official member of the Legislative Council and Urban Council. He was responsible for many infrastructure and housing projects and advocated for private bathroom and kitchen in every unit of the housing estate which is known as the "Wright Principle". He was the founding member and president of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects.

Biography
Wright was born in Hong Kong on 19 September 1912 into a civil servant family. He was educated at the Brentwood School in the United Kingdom and became an architect. He joined the Hong Kong government in 1938 and began to work at the former Public Works Department. He was interned during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong.

After the war, Wright became the chief architect of the Public Works Department and played an instrumental role in the massive effort to house the millions of refugees fleeing to Hong Kong from China. The first generation of public housing estates, built in haste, resembled army barracks, and had shared bathrooms. In 1952 he designed the first public rental housing estate with private bathrooms and kitchens, at Sheung Li Uk, for the Hong Kong Housing Society, in which his design became known as the "Wright Principle". He was also founding member and president of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects in 1958.

In 1963, he became Director of Public Works in which he served until 1969. In this capacity, Wright was also an official member of the Legislative Council and Urban Council.

In 1969, he was appointed Hong Kong Commissioner in London. He retired from the civil service in 1973. Hong Kong Housing Society's Lai Tak Tsuen in Tai Hang, built in 1975 and 1976, was named after Wright's Chinese name.

He resided in Knightsbridge, London after his retirement. He commented on Hong Kong affairs occasionally, including the proposed demolition of the Government Hill in 2012. Wright died in January 2018 at the age of 105.

See also
 Architecture of Hong Kong
 Public housing in Hong Kong
 Lai Tak Tsuen
 Hong Kong Club

References

1912 births
2018 deaths
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Government officials of Hong Kong
British architects
British surveyors
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan
Hong Kong people of British descent
English men centenarians
Hong Kong emigrants to the United Kingdom