omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bin Liu. Bin Liu is a chemist who is Professor and Provost's Chair at the National University of Singapore. Her research considers polymer chemistry and organic functional materials. She was appointed Vice President of Research and Technology in 2019. She was awarded the 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry Centenary Prize.

Early life and education 
Liu was encouraged to study science by her parents. She was trained in organic chemistry at Nanjing University, before moving to the National University of Singapore for graduate studies. Her doctoral research involved water-soluble conjugated polymers for organic electronic devices. At first, she struggled to successfully synthesise polymers, but she mastered it after one year. She eventually moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she worked as a postdoctoral researcher on the development and application of conjugated polyelectrolyte nanoparticles for biomedicine. In 2005 she returned to Singapore to start her professorship at the National University of Singapore.

Research and career 
Liu is a professor at the National University of Singapore. Her early work considered novel materials for high efficiency solar cells. In particular, she focused on the design of hole transport materials and interpenetrating organic/inorganic networks. To ensure compatibility with multi-layer device fabrication protocols, Liu concentrated on the design of materials that are soluble in water and alcohols. In 2011, she started working on biocompatible luminogens which demonstrate aggregation-induced emission. Such materials are non-emissive as dilute solutions but can assemble into intensely emissive aggregates. They can serve as highly sensitive light-up molecular probes, which allow for the non-invasive tracking of analytes and biological processes in real-time. In 2014 she formed a spin-out company, Luminicell, which commercialises this technology.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Liu moved her laboratory-based work online. She made use of machine learning to accelerate materials design. The algorithms created by Liu can predict the properties of particular molecular structures, and had screened several million molecules by the end of 2020. The machine learning models can evaluate structure-property relationships, allowing for the prediction of optical and electronic properties.

Liu was awarded the Royal Society of Chemistry Centenary Prize in recognition of her work in organic materials and nanomaterials.

Awards and honours 
 2008 National Science and Technology Young Scientist Award
 2011 L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award
 2014 World Scientific Most Influential Scientific Minds
 2016 President's Technology Award
 2018 Clarivate Highly Cited Researchers
 2019 American Chemical Society Nano Lectureship Award
 2020 Elected Fellow of the Singapore National Academy of Science
 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry Centenary Prize

Selected publications

References 

Living people
Women chemists
Nanjing University alumni
National University of Singapore alumni
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mitra Hartmann. Mitra J.Z. Hartmann is a professor of mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering at the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University. She specializes in robotics, sensory acquisition behaviors, sensorimotor integration, and neuroethology. Her lab focuses on translating sensory signals felt by whiskers to robotics.

Career
Hartmann earned a B.S. in applied and engineering physics at Cornell University and a PhD in integrative neuroscience from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). She was a computational neurobiology postdoc at Caltech and a bio-computing postdoc at the Jet Propulsion Lab. She joined the faculty at Northwestern in 2003 and won the McCormick School of Engineering Teacher of the Year Award in 2009, 2010, and 2011.

She became an American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellow in 2017 and is an editorial board member for the Journal of Neurophysiology, a programming committee member for the Barrels Society, and a National Institutes of Health SMI study section member.

Research

Hartmann currently focuses on animal whiskers and how information about touch is sent from the whisker to the brain. This is multi-disciplinary research and her lab is made up of neuroscientists, mechanical engineers, biomedical engineers, and civil engineers, among others. In April 2021, she published a paper in PLOS Computational Biology about how whiskers bend in an S shape when whisking and signals are transmitted from the base of the follicle, activated when the whisker is pushed against it, to the brain. This research may eventually be able to be applied to helping people with brain injuries or who have suffered from strokes regain the ability to walk.

She currently holds four patents:
Sensing device with whisker elements (US 7,774,951, 2010)
Object profile sensing (US 8,109,007, 2012)
Sensing device with whisker elements (US 8,448,514, 2013)
Systems, methods, and apparatus for reconstruction of 3-D object morphology, position, orientation and texture using an array of tactile sensors (US 8,504,500, 2013)

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Northwestern University faculty
Cornell University alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
American mechanical engineers
American biomedical engineers
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
American women scientists
American women engineers
Behavioral neuroscientists
Neurophysiologists
21st-century American women
Ilmar Öpik. Ilmar Öpik (17 June 1917 Tallinn – 29 July 2001) was an Estonian energetics scientist, academician.

In 1940 he graduated from Tallinn University of Technology as an engineer-mechanic. In 1963 he defended his doctoral thesis at Moscow Energetics Institute (). Since 1946 he taught at Tallinn Polytechnical Institute.

Since 1967 he became a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences. 1977-1978 he was the vice-president of the academy. 1984-1996 he was the chief editor of the journal Oil Shale.

Much of his research was related to oil shale.

Awards:
 1996: Order of the National Coat of Arms, III class.

References

1917 births
2001 deaths
20th-century Estonian scientists
Oil shale researchers
Academic staff of the Tallinn University of Technology
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 3rd Class
Tallinn University of Technology alumni
Burials at Metsakalmistu
Oil shale in Estonia
Demining robot. A demining robot is a robotic land vehicle that is designed for detecting the exact location of land mines and clearing them.   Demining by conventional methods can be costly and dangerous for people. Environments that are dull or dirty, or otherwise dangerous to humans, may be well-suited for the use of demining robots.

Models

Uran-6
Uran-6 is a demining robot model used by Russian Federation in Syria and Ukraine. The Uran-6 is a short-range and remotely piloted robot. Limitations of this robot include the need for human operators to be within a few hundred feet.

MV-4 Dok-Ing
MV-4 Dok-Ing is a demining robot model used by Republic of Croatia.

See also
Lawnmower robot
Vacuum cleaner robot

References

Bomb disposal
Military robots
Mine warfare
Vadim Backman. Vadim Backman is an American biomedical engineer and the Sachs Family Professor of biomedical engineering at the Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University. He is also a Professor of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) and Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics at Feinberg School of Medicine and is the Associate Director of Research Technology and Infrastructure and Program Leader in Cancer and Physical Sciences at Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Early life
Backman was born in the former USSR in 1973 and later emigrated with his family to the United States.

Career
Backman received his M.S. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and a PhD in medical engineering and medical physics from Harvard University and MIT. In 2001, he joined Northwestern University's faculty.

Backman also serves as the Associate Director for Research Technology and Infrastructure at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at Northwestern. He became an American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellow in 2010 and a senior member of The Optical Society Board of Directors in 2011.

He helped co-found four start-ups: Preora Diagnostics Inc., ASP Health Inc.,  Nanocytomics, and American BioOptics.

Research
Since 2003, he has been working on strategies for early detection of cancer by looking for cell changes at a 20 to 50 nanometer scale. In 2019, his lab developed a tool that images blood flow in such a way to see capillaries more closely and measure things like oxygenation and metabolic rate. In 2020, he led a study that noted that countries with higher COVID-19 mortality rates also had higher levels of Vitamin D deficiency. In 2021, Backman published a paper in Science Advances about the construction of cells on a genomic level and how this impacts their ability to deal with external stressors.

Personal life 
Backman collaborates with and is married to civil and environmental engineer Luisa Marcelino.

References

External links 

Living people
Northwestern University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Russian engineers
1973 births
American cancer researchers
Harvard Medical School alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Engineers from Saint Petersburg
South Coast Seacraft. The South Coast Seacraft Company was an American boat builder based in Shreveport, Louisiana. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats.

The company was founded by Hollis Metcalf in 1965.

History
The first two designs produced were Carl Alberg designs, the South Coast 23 and South Coast 21, both introduced in 1965.

The company supplied completed, ready-to-sail boats and also kits for amateur completion.

To adapt the South Coast 21 to become a trailerable sailboat for that emerging market in the late 1960s, Metcalf and his chief engineer, James Munroe, made changes to the South Coast 21 to create the South Coast 22, introduced in 1968. It incorporated a larger interior and a swing keel to facilitate trailer transportation. The boat became the company's best selling product, with more than 3,000 built.

Hollis Metcalf was training his son, Warren Metcalf, to take over the company. Warren Metcalf actually designed the South Coast 25, but just as he was completing the design he died in a diving accident. As a result of Warren Metcalf's death, Hollis Metcalf decided to sell the company in 1975 to a Chicago-based group of three investors, Michael Hennessy, John Kleine and Don Weir, who named it the South Coast Seacraft Corporation. The new owners operated the company until it went out of business in 1981.

By the time it closed, South Coast Seacraft had built over 4,000 boats.

Boats 
Summary of boats built by South Coast Seacraft:

South Coast 21 - 1965
South Coast 23 - 1965
Herreshoff Rozinante - 1965
South Coast 22 - 1968
South Coast 25 - 1969
South Coast 26 - 1977
Eclipse 6.7 - 1978

See also
List of sailboat designers and manufacturers

References

South Coast Seacraft
Chunying Chen. Chen Chunying (; born June 1969) is a Chinese chemist who is a professor at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology. Her research considers nanoscale biological interactions. She was awarded the 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry Environment, Sustainability and Energy Award. She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Early life and education 
Chen was born in Changchun, Jilin province in Northeast China. Her parents were both chemists, and she spent part of her childhood in a science laboratory. She was an undergraduate student at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. She remained at Huazhong for her doctoral research. After graduating she moved to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, where she spent two years as a postdoctoral researcher. In 2001 she was appointed to the Karolinska Institute.

Research and career 
In 2002, Chen returned to China, first as a group leader then as a professor at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology. In 2011, she discovered that carbon nanotubes can absorb proteins in the blood, which was the first indication that it is possible to reduce the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. She studied the interface between proteins and nanomaterials and developed sensitive characterisation techniques to study their chemical transformation.

Awards and honours 
 2014 Chinese Young Female Scientists Award
 2016 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
 2018 Elected General Secretary of the Asian Society of Toxicology
 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry Environment, Sustainability and Energy Award
 2021 Elected Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
 2021 The World Academy of Sciences Chemistry Award
 2021 American Chemical Society Bioconjugate Chemistry Lectureship Award

Selected publications

Books

References 

Chinese women scientists
Chinese women chemists
Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Karolinska Institute
Living people
1969 births
Minute of Islands. Minute of Islands is a 2021 puzzle-platform game developed by Studio Fizbin and published by Mixtvision for MacOS, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

Gameplay 

The player plays as Mo, a mechanic who is tasked with saving the world by restoring engines on an archipelago. The player moves around the 2D world, and can climb and jump up objects. The player can use a tool, the Omni Switch, which allows Mo to use mechanisms and solve puzzles. The tool also can show the player the direction they need to go to next. The game also has collectibles hidden around the islands, which reveal more about the world and story.

Reception 

In a positive review for Rock Paper Shotgun, Alice Bell praised the themes of the story, "But for all its narrative bluntness, Minute Of Islands is an incredibly elegant game. Much more so than the most other indie games that are about death and grief and sadness and responsibility." Malindy Hetfeld, writing for Eurogamer, criticized Minute of Islands' gameplay, writing "Unfortunately, it feels just as unexciting to play... overall these sequences are so simple and so short that there isn't anything remotely rousing to the exercise."

Pocket Tactics liked the soundtrack of the game, feeling it gave it a foreboding atmosphere, "Consisting mostly of eerie mechanical noises offset against the echoing sounds of the ocean and scavenger birds that inhabit the islands, it creates a unique, almost anti-music backdrop". Polygon enjoyed how the game's cartoon-inspired artstyle conflicted with its darker tone, "The darkness of Minute of Islands is punctuated by its light and airy art style; it's a colorful, cartoon world that, from afar, looks like a place I'd love to live in... But examining the details uncovers a darker truth, from those bloodied birds and violent-yet-beautiful fungus".

References

Further reading

External links 

 

2021 video games
Mixtvision games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Puzzle-platformers
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Germany
Windows games
Xbox One games
List of aircraft of Nationalist Spain in the Spanish Civil War. This is a list of aircraft used by the Spanish Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War. The aircraft were mainly received from aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. Aircraft are in chronological order of adoption by the Spanish Nationalist airforce.

Fighters 

 Heinkel He 51
 Fiat CR.32
 Heinkel He 112
 Messerschmitt Bf 109

Bombers 

 Junkers Ju 52
 Junkers Ju 86
 Fiat BR.20 Cicogna
 Heinkel He 111

Maritime 

 CANT Z.501 Gabbiano
 CANT Z.506 Airone

References 

Nationalist Spain in the Spanish Civil War
aircraft
South Coast 21. The South Coast 21 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Carl Alberg as a daysailer and first built in 1965.

The boat was later developed into the slightly longer, swing keel South Coast 22.

Production
The design was built by South Coast Seacraft in the United States, between 1965 and 1979, with 300 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

The boat was produced complete and ready-to-sail and also as a kit for amateur completion.

Design
The South Coast 21 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop with  of sail area or with an optional masthead sloop rig and  of sail area. The hull has a spooned, raked stem; a raised counter, angled transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is normally fitted with a small  outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for two people, with two straight settee berths in the main cabin. There are no provisions or space for a galley or a head. Cabin headroom is .

The design was changed during production to address issues that became apparent in service. Starting with hull number 91 the keel was moved aft to reduce weather helm. This did not entirely solve the issue and later the rudder was enlarged as well.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 252 and a hull speed of .

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the South Coast Seacraft Owners' Association.

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the classic low freeboard, narrow beam, and Star Boat-like underbody appeal to us as being a great combination for daysailing and club one-design racing. But somehow the SC21 never caught on in any big way on the club racing circuit. Too bad. Best features: We imagine the hull configuration gives a good combination of speed and comfort ... Worst features: There is not much space below, even for overnighting—basically a pair of settee berths with almost non-existent (3' 3") headroom, and that's it. No space for a galley or even to store a porta-potti. We'd worry slightly about that rudder tucked away under the counter. Does it have weed dragging us down? If so, we couldn't see it without hanging way over the side, and then only if the water was clear. Launching and retrieving at a ramp might give some trouble because of the relatively deep fin keel. The one cockpit drain is aft on the centerline, rather than the more preferable two drains in the corners, to remove water when the vessel is heeled. And the plan shows a flat cockpit sole; it should be angled downwind aft for drainage."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a South Coast 21, showing the keel and rudder

Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat types built in the United States
Sailboat type designs by Carl Alberg
Sailboat types built by South Coast Seacraft
Exceeding the UK, catching the USA. Exceeding the UK, catching the USA () alternatively translated as surpassing Great Britain and catching up with the United States, was a slogan put forward by Mao Zedong during the Great Leap Forward. The slogan was representative of the two goals of surpassing Great Britain in steel production in 15 years and catching up with the United States in 50 years.

The slogan was mainly addressed to the secondary sector of the economy, of which steel and grain were top priority. At the end of China's first Five-Year Plan, steel output was still less than a quarter of the amount produced by Britain. Mao found overtaking Britain's steel to be of utmost importance to the "socialist transformation" of agriculture, as he found the two to be "inseparable" and unable to be dealt with "in isolation from each other". This was due to the increased need for agricultural machinery to be developed, as well as the agriculture tax that would fund the production of heavy industry. The justification for the selection of Great Britain and the United States as the focuses of the slogan was likely developed from the desire to prove socialist countries as more prosperous and fruitful than their imperialist counterparts, a sentiment that is likewise encapsulated in related Maoist slogan "The East wind prevails over the West wind".

In 1958, steel production rates had skyrocketed, as Soviet-aided steel plants went into widespread use after being constructed in the mid-1950s. The politburo meetings of August 1958 declared that production of steel would be set to double within the year. As a result of the newly set goal and strong ideological push for progress, people's communes began to dedicate most of their labour toward manufacturing efforts of the material. "Backyard steel furnaces" were created, where peasant workers would smelt household metal objects such as chairs and cooking utensils in fervent efforts to meet the high levels of demand. This led to significant impacts on peasant life within the communes, as reallocation of production priorities lead to a shortage of agricultural labour in the autumn of 1958.

After the Great Chinese Famine, Mao Zedong relaxed the time scale of "exceeding the UK, catching the USA" to more than 100 years in his speech at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference.

In the end the goal was met on the original time frame. Chinese steel production exceeded that of the UK in the 1970s and that of the US in 1993, becoming the largest steel producing nation worldwide in 1996.

See also
 Great Leap Forward
 Launching satellites
 Ryazan miracle

References

1950s in China
Chinese advertising slogans
Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
Economic history of the People's Republic of China
Great Leap Forward
Freda Koblick. Freda Koblick (1920 – 2011) was an American artist, sculptor, and educator, she was known for plastics engineering, acrylic arts, and designing decorative art. Koblick introduced cast acrylic as a medium for sculpture.

Early life and education 
Freda Koblick was born on 26 August 1920 in San Francisco, California, into a Jewish, Russian American family. She attended City College of San Francisco (CCSF) and San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). In 1939, Koblick continued her studies at Plastics Industries Technical Institute in Los Angeles.

Career 
She returned to San Francisco in the early 1940s. Her first job was designing plastic molds for an office machinery factory in Emeryville. Early in her career she worked in collaboration with architects and created functional acrylic decorative objects for the home, including Lucite doorknobs, candle holders, trays, and lighting accessories. 

Eventually by the 1960s, architects started asking for larger sculptural works made of acrylic, and she started transitioning into the acrylic arts. Koblick held her studio in the North Beach neighborhood at Battery Street and Clay Street. In 1956, her work space burned down and she had a period of studio displacement. However 1980, with the help of her friend Mariquita West she was able to purchase the 4,300-foot former Congregation B'nai David building in the Mission District and maintain the space as both an art studio and residence. 

For many years she taught her acrylic casting techniques at the Royal College of Art. She received the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1970, in fine art.

Death 
Koblick died on 18 June 2011 in San Francisco, California, from renal failure due to diabetes. She never married. For 30 years she had an affair with a married man, which she openly discussed.

References

External links 

 Freda Koblick papers, 1934-2011, from Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

1920 births
2011 deaths
City College of San Francisco alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Academics of the Royal College of Art
Artists from San Francisco