omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cunningham-Hall GA-21M. 

The Cunningham-Hall GA-21 was an American two-seat monoplane design to compete for the Guggenheim Safe Aircraft Competition in 1934. Its distinguishing feature was full span flaps which could be manually or automatically adjusted. The GA-36 was a military version of it with tandem, rather than side-by-side seating.

Design and development
 
The GA-21M was all metal aircraft apart from the fabric covering of parts of the wing, otherwise metal-covered, and the control surfaces. The low-set wings were rectangular in plan out to rounded tips and had a high lift section. Both flaps and ailerons filled the whole straight part of the trailing edge, so the latter only opened upwards.

Apart from its unusual flaps and lateral control the GA-21M was conventional. Powered by a , seven cylinder Warner Super Scarab radial engine, it had a round-sectioned, metal-skinned, monocoque fuselage. An open cockpit over the forward wing seated two side-by-side. The tailplane was mounted just above the fuselage on the fin and could be trimmed; essentially triangular in plan, it carried rounded elevators. A rounded rudder reached down to the keel.

The GA-21Ms had conventional, tailwheel landing gear with the landing wheels ahead of the leading edge within aircraft fairings that also enclosed the legs.

The GA-36 was a 1936 military trainer rebuild of the Ga-21M. This included a revised, tandem cockpit and more trouser-like landing gear fairings, making it 15% heavier.

The automated flaps worked well but were more complicated than, for example, Fowler flaps and more expensive to construct. Simpler systems were preferred and the sole GA-21M/36 was sold in 1941, stripped of major components and dumped until the 1980s when it was recovered, fully restored and put on display at the Niagara Aerospace Museum.

Specifications (GA-36)

References

1930s United States military trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
GA-36
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Big Brake. The Big Brake is a theoretical scientific model suggested as one of the possibilities for the ultimate fate of the universe. In this model the effect of dark energy reverses, stopping the accelerating expansion of the Universe, and causing an infinite rate of deceleration. All cosmic matter would be subjected to extreme tidal forces and be destroyed. Another possibility is matter may still exist, albeit in a different form and organization. The consequences for space and time are also unclear.

See also

 Big Bang
 Big Crunch
 Big Freeze
 Big Rip
 Big Whimper

References

Physical cosmology
Ultimate fate of the universe
Blériot 106. 

The Blériot 106 was a 1920s French cabin monoplane designed and built by Blériot Aéronautique. First flown on 15 July 1924 the 106 was a single-engined shoulder-wing monoplane powered by a  Renault 12Jb inline piston engine. The pilot sat in an open cockpit behind the engine and an enclosed cabin had room for six passengers.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s French airliners
106
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Curtiss Cox Racer. The Curtiss Model 22 Cox Racers were two specialised racing aircraft built by the American Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company. The type was flown as a monoplane, biplane and triplane.

Design and development
In 1920 the American oil millionaire S.Cox had two specialised racing monoplanes built for him by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company to take part in the Gordon Bennett Trophy race to be held in France in September 1920. The two aircraft, named Texas Wildcat and Cactus Kitten, were single-engined, braced, high-wing monoplanes powered by a  Curtiss C-12 inline piston engine. They had streamlined wooden fuselages with the pilot sitting in an enclosed cockpit towards the rear of the fuselage, under a forward sliding canopy. The wing, which had a special double camber airfoil section,  was high-mounted, and was braced by struts to the mainwheels of the fixed conventional landing gear. The V-12 engine drove a two-bladed tractor propeller, and was cooled by radiators mounted on the side of the fuselage between the cockpit and the wings.

Operational history
The Texas Wildcat was briefly tested in the United States before shipment, being fitted with a different wing with a more conventional airfoil for operation out of the confined Curtiss Field. First flying on July 25, it demonstrated a speed of , with a speed of  expected when fitted with the high speed racing wing. Both aircraft were then sent by ship to France, with no testing carried out on the high speed wing and Cactus Kitten unflown before sailing. Texas Wildcat was reassembled at the Morane-Saulnier factory with the high speed wing, but was found to be unstable at high speeds when flown by test pilot Roland Rohlfs. A set of biplane wings were therefore quickly designed and fitted to Texas Wildcat. Texas Wildcat was wrecked in a landing accident when being flown to Étampes prior to the race.

Although the Cactus Kitten was taken to France it remained unflown and was returned to the United States. It was then rebuilt with a set of short-span triplane wings modified from those of a Curtiss 18T, with the enclosed cockpit replaced by a more conventional open cockpit. Thus modified, it was entered into the 1921 Pulitzer Trophy Race, where, flown by Clarence Coombs at an average speed of , it gained second place behind a Curtiss CR piloted by Bert Acosta. It was later sold to the United States Navy as a trainer for high-speed racing aircraft.

Specifications (Cactus Kitten)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s United States sport aircraft
Cox
Racing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1920
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
National Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics. The National Laboratory for Computational Fluid Dynamics () is a "National Key Laboratory" at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China. It was co-constructed by the China General Armament Department, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. The plan to form the National Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory was proposed by the first experts committee on the field of aerospace in the early 1990s, approved by the COSTIND in May 1994, completed and opened to the public in April 1998.

The laboratory's research interests include numerical analysis, fluid mechanics, aircraft aerodynamics and so on.

As of November 2012, the laboratory director is Chun-Hian Lee, an academic of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Universities and colleges in Beijing
Educational institutions established in 1998
1998 establishments in China
Beihang University
CubCrafters Carbon Cub EX. The CubCrafters Carbon Cub EX (EX - Experimental) is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Cub Crafters of Yakima, Washington. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Carbon Cub EX features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide and accessed via a door, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The design is related to the company's CubCrafters Carbon Cub SS light-sport aircraft, but adapted to the US experimental amateur-built category.

The aircraft's airframe is made from welded steel tubing, aluminum and the judicious use of carbon fiber, covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of  and mounts flaps. The aircraft's recommended engine power is  and standard engines used include the  Continental O-200, the  Lycoming O-360 and the  ECi CC340 four-stroke powerplant. Construction time from the supplied kit ranges from 700 to 1100 hours (Depending on builder experience).

In August 2022, a new engine option was introduced, the  CC363i F/P, equipped with a constant-speed propeller.

Operational history
By December 2016 four examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration and six with Transport Canada.

Variants
Carbon Cub EX-2
Kit built variant
CubCrafters EX-2 363i
Kit version introduced in December 2022 with a Lycoming/CC 363i  engine.
Carbon Cub EX-3
Kit built variant with a Superior Air Parts CC363i engine and increased gross weight.
Carbon Cub FX-2
Factory-builder assist variant
Carbon Cub FX-3 
Factory-builder assist variant with a Superior Air Parts CC363i engine and increased gross weight.

Specifications (Carbon Cub EX)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Cub Crafters aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Jameson RJJ-1 Gipsy Hawk. The Jameson RJJ-1 Gipsy Hawk was a single-engine light aircraft intended to be homebuilt from plans.  The prototype was designed and constructed in the U.S. by Richard Jameson in the late 1960s-early 1970s.

Design and development

The Gypsy Hawk was an all-metal low wing monoplane, constructed throughout from light alloy angle spars and frames under a light alloy skin. The wings and tailplane had constant chord and square tips. There was a fuel tank in the outer panel of each wing. The all-moving tail was set at the extreme rear fuselage and had external mass balances and an anti-servo tab. The fin and rudder were further forward, swept and with a fillet to lead the fin into the strongly sloping upper fuselage.

The fuselage was a light alloy semi-monocoque with a nose-mounted 65 hp (48 kW) Continental A65  flat-four engine driving a fixed pitch, two-blade propeller. The single-seat cockpit placed the pilot over the wing under a two-piece blown canopy.  The Gypsy Hawk had a fixed, unfaired tricycle undercarriage.

Construction of the Gypsy Hawk began about 1968 and the first flight was in 1972.

Operational history
By the end of February 1974 the Gypsy Hawk had logged 200 hours of testing but there is no record of other examples.

By November 2012 the sole example was no longer registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration and may no longer exist.

Specifications

References

External links

NACA 747A315 airfoil

1970s United States sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1972
Garland-Lincoln LF-1. The Garland-Lincoln LF-1 (Lincoln-Flagg-1) is a replica World War I Nieuport 28 aircraft used for movie stunts and reenactments.

Design and development
The LF-1 was built in Glendale, California specifically to represent a World War I Nieuport 28 fighter for movie stunt work. Designed by Claude Flagg, the aircraft was commissioned by Garland Lincoln, a pilot and supplier of aircraft for motion picture work. Three examples were built.

While similar in appearance, the aircraft is shorter than the Nieuport it replicates, with a  radial engine that is much more powerful. Other modifications included the substitution of a steel tube framework and a one-piece upper wing without dihedral.

Operational history
Model N12237 was featured in Hell in the Heavens (1934), Dawn Patrol (1938), and Men with Wings (1938). It was later used by Frank Tallman and Paul Mantz in other film and television work.

While still owned by Tallmantz, the aircraft appeared in television shows including "Get Smart", "The Twilight Zone", and "My Three Sons." In the early 1970s the LF-1 was named "Snoopy" when the Red Baron first appeared in Charles M Schulz's Peanuts comic strip. Schulz used the aircraft to promote Snoopy as the Flying Ace at publicity events.

In 1975, Frank Tallman piloted the repainted LF-1 to appear in The Great Waldo Pepper. Tallman was hospitalized after the aircraft collided with high tension wires and crashed during filming. He offered the damaged aircraft for sale and Brent Moné, as of 2012, owns the aircraft.

Specifications (Garland-Lincoln LF-1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Cheesman E.F. (ed.) Fighter Aircraft of the 1914-1918 War. Letchworth, UK: Harleyford Publications, 1960, pp. 98–99.
 Cooksley, Peter. Nieuport Fighters in Action (Aircraft No. 167). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1997. .

External links
Article about the LF-1 

Replica aircraft
Michael Kudlick. Michael Douglas Kudlick (December 8, 1934 – February 16, 2008) was a computer scientist and professor of computer science, most known for developing the file transfer and mail protocols for ARPANET while working for the Augmentation Research Center at SRI International, and later as a noted professor and academic administrator at the University of San Francisco.

Early life and education
Kudlick earned a bachelor of science from the University of Maryland in 1956. Kudlick then served in the United States Navy. He later earned a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966.

Career
After earning his Ph.D. Kudlick worked for Shell Development and later the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at SRI International. At the ARC he contributed to the development of the computer mouse. He also worked on the ARPANet File Transfer Protocol committee, which established how file transfers work on ARPANET, and its successor, the internet; the standard is RFC542, "File Transfer Protocol for the ARPA Network". Kudlick was also on the Network Mail committee which wrote RFC469.

From 1974 to 1997, Kudlick was a professor of computer science at the University of San Francisco (USF). While there, he served as chair of the computer science department, received USF's Distinguished Teaching award in 1981, and was the adviser to USF's chapter of the Association for Computing Machinery. USF alum Alfred Chuang donated $2.5 million to USF in 2001 to fund the construction of a computer science classroom named for Kudlick.

References

1934 births
2008 deaths
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of San Francisco faculty
SRI International people
People from Washington, D.C.
Egeby Mølle. Egeby Mølle (Egeby Windmill) is a post mill located  east of Aakirkeby on the Danish island of Bornholm. Built in 1787, it remained in service until the late 1920s.

History

First built in 1787, in connection with a move in 1794 which brought it closer to the road, the mill was slightly enlarged, making it  wider. In 1847, the mill was repaired after being struck by lightning. Originally there was a half-timbered mill house next to the mill, still visible on a photograph from 1928. In 1934, Foreningen Bornholm acquired the mill and has since taken care of its upkeep. New sails were fitted in the 1960s but had to be removed in 1987 after a storm. In 1996, comprehensive restoration work was carried out and completed in 1999, bringing the mill into a fully operational state. Since 1964, Egeby Mølle has been a listed building.

The first recorded owner was Hans Peter Hiorth (1800). The last was Mathis Peder Madsen who bought it on 12 June 1906. Foreningen Bornholm acquired it on 28 March 1935.

Description
Of the three surviving post mills on Bornholm, Egeby is the most characteristic. A timber structure with a wooden roof, the mill has four latticed sails. The single millstone is of Nexø sandstone. During the restoration work completed in 1999, much of the original machinery was retained but the sails, base, roofing and external cladding were replaced.

In addition to Egeby Mølle, there are two other post mills on Bornholm, Bechs Mølle and Tejn Mølle, both listed.

See also
List of windmills on Bornholm

References

Bornholm
Listed buildings and structures in Bornholm
Buildings and structures completed in 1787
Windmills completed in the 18th century
Post mills in Denmark
1787 establishments in Denmark
Listed windmills in Denmark
Myreagre Mølle. Myreagre Mølle (Myreagre Windmill) is a whitewashed tower mill located  east of Aakirkeby on the Danish island of Bornholm. Built in 1865, it remained in service until 1970.

Description
Built in 1865, the mill was originally a grain mill. From 1925, a bakery was added to its operations. In 1921, the mill was modernized with a wind rose and self-adjusting sails and in 1926 a 14 hp Hornsby oil engine was installed. In 1971, the self-adjusting sails were renewed. At that time, the mill was still functional but was no longer in use. The octagonal tower (circular inside) is built of natural sandstone and the cap is roofed with roofing felt. There is an engine room with a functioning engine. The mill is in a reasonable state of repair. The cap can yaw and the sails can rotate but as a result of the old age of the owner it is not being properly maintained.

See also
List of windmills on Bornholm

References

Bornholm
Windmills in Denmark
Listed buildings and structures in Bornholm
Windmills completed in 1865
Tower mills
Avincis Sweden. Avincis Aviation Sweden AB, until March 2023 known as Babcock Scandinavian AirAmbulance, is a Swedish helicopter and fixed-wing airline that operates primarily air ambulance helicopters and planes for the Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian governments owned by Avincis.

The airline operates 18 helicopters and nine fixed-wing aircraft. Their maintenance centre is in Frösön, and their headquarters is in Stockholm Arlanda Airport.

Fleet
As of October 2019, the Babcock Scandinavian AirAmbulance fleet included:

 8 Beech King Air B200
 6 AgustaWestland AW169
 6 Airbus Helicopters H145
 5 Airbus Helicopters AS365 Dauphin
 1 Airbus Helicopters H135
 1 Learjet 35A

References

External links

  

Airlines of Sweden
Helicopter airlines
Air ambulance services in Sweden
Companies based in Stockholm County
Custom Flight Lite Star. The Custom Flight Lite Star, or Light Star, is a Canadian amateur-built and light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by Custom Flight of Tiny, Ontario. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or complete ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Lite Star features a strut-braced high-wing, a single-seat, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, with the wing constructed from aluminum sheet, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of  and has no flaps. The wing is supported by "V"-struts and jury struts. The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Chevrolet Corvair automotive conversion four-stroke powerplant. Construction time from the supplied kit is 400 hours.

Operational history
By December 2016 two examples had been registered with Transport Canada as Light Stars.

As of December 2016, the design does not appear on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved special light-sport aircraft.

Specifications (Lite Star)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Custom Flight aircraft
Custom Flight North Star. The Custom Flight North Star is a Canadian amateur-built aircraft, designed by Morgan Williams and produced by Custom Flight of Tiny, Ontario. The aircraft is based on the Piper PA-18 Super Cub and is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The North Star features a strut-braced high-wing, a single-seat, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, with the wing constructed from aluminum sheet and all surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing employs a USA 35B airfoil, has an area of  and mounts flaps. The wing is supported by "V"-struts and jury struts. The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Lycoming O-320 four-stroke powerplant. Construction time from the supplied kit is 1200 hours. The aircraft can be mounted on wheels, floats or skis.

Operational history
By December 2011 the company indicated that 20 examples had been completed and flown. By December 2015, 27 examples had been registered with Transport Canada and 13 in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (North Star)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Custom Flight aircraft
CIME. C.I.M.E., CIME, La Compagnie Industrielle des Moteurs  Explosion, (Industrial Combustion Engine Company), was a French manufacturer of light proprietary engines, mainly four-cylinder units. CIME also built light automobiles in 1929.

History
The company was established in Fraisses in the Loire department in central France. Cime branded engines were first produced in the 1920s for third party car manufacturers. In 1929 they also began producing automobiles, but only about 20 vehicles were produced. It is not known when the company was dissolved.

Engines
In 1922 an 1100 cc C.I.M.E. engine was fitted in the Anglo French Marlborough, which was mostly manufactured by Malicet et Blin in Aubervilliers, Paris. By 1924 it was priced at £175 and was produced until the company closed in 1926. 

CIME engines were used by a number of cyclecar and voiturette manufacturers in the inter-war era. Their greatest successes were in E.H.P. cars, notably a fifth place at the 1927 24 Hours of Le Mans with a 1,094 cc four-cylinder. 

CIME built straight-six engines, some of which were installed in the 1926 Amilcar CIME 6 cylinder Special, and the French built Derby voiturette.

Cars
In 1929 they also began producing automobiles, but only about 20 vehicles were produced. The only model was the A2, a small sports car which used a 1203 cc four-cylinder engine.

A surviving specimen vehicle is displayed at the Musée Automobile Reims Champagne.

References

External links

Car manufacturers of France
Cyclecars
Engine manufacturers of France
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Motor vehicle engine manufacturers
1920s establishments in France
Companies based in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
David Bill. Lieutenant General Sir David Robert Bill,  (born 17 November 1954) is a senior British Army officer who served as Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies.

Early life and education
Bill was born on 17 November 1954 to Robert Bill, DSO, RN and Wendy Jean Bill (née Booth). He was educated at Charterhouse School and Welbeck College.

Military career
Bill was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1973. After commanding 33 Independent Field Squadron in Northern Ireland, he became commanding officer of 39 Engineer Regiment at Waterbeach. He was posted to UK Land Forces in 1997 first as Commander, Royal Engineers and then as Brigadier, General Staff.

Promoted to major general in 2002, Bill became General Officer Commanding UK Support Command (Germany) at Rheindahlen. He went on to be Deputy Commander NATO Rapid Deployable Corps (Italy) in September 2006 and UK Military Representative to NATO in October 2008. He became Commandant of the Royal College of Defence Studies in 2012.

Family
Bill is married to Gabrielle; they have two sons and a daughter.

References

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1954 births
Living people
British Army lieutenant generals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
People educated at Charterhouse School
Royal Engineers officers
British military personnel of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
People educated at Welbeck Defence Sixth Form College