omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kolb Ultrastar. The Kolb Ultrastar is an American single seat, high wing, strut-braced, single engine, pusher configuration, conventional landing gear-equipped ultralight aircraft that was produced in kit form by Kolb Aircraft of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania and intended for amateur construction.

The Ultrastar was the second design produced by Kolb Aircraft, was a redesigned and improved Kolb Flyer and succeeded the Flyer in production.

Design and development
The Ultrastar features a completely open cockpit with the pilot exposed to the slipstream. Unusually for this period in aircraft history when most ultralights had two-axis control, the Ultrastar has standard three-axis controls, including full span ailerons.

When the original Flyer was designed there were no suitable lightweight engines available, so the Flyer first fitted two Chrysler powerplants and later two  Solo 209 engines. With the advent of better engines the Ultrastar moved to a single Cuyuna 430 engine producing .

The design features a forward fuselage of welded 4130 steel tubing, mated to an aluminum tailboom. The horizontal stabilizer, tail fin and wings are also constructed of riveted aluminum tubing with all flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Ultrastar introduced the trademark folding wings and tail that became a feature of future Kolb designs.

Like the Flyer, the Ultrastar's conventional landing gear consists of sprung steel tubing for the main gear but replaced the Flyer's sprung tail skid with a steerable sprung tail wheel instead.

Variants
Ultrastar
Original model
Ultrastar KX430
Improved model with simplified steel tubular pilot cage and main landing gear tubular spring suspension

Specifications (Ultrastar)

See also

References

External links
Photo of Kolb Ultrastar
Photo of Kolb Ultrastar

Ultrastar
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
White & Thompson No. 1 Seaplane. The White & Thompson No. 1 Seaplane (also No. 1 Flying boat) was the first British built twin-engined biplane flying boat, assembled just prior to the outbreak of the First World War to compete in an air-race around the UK. It was unsuccessful, only the single prototype being built.

Design and development

In 1914, the White and Thompson Company Limited, of Bognor Regis, England, who had become exclusive licence holders for Curtiss flying boats for Great Britain the previous year, decided to build two different flying boats, designed by Norman Thompson, co-owner and the driving force behind White & Thompson, to compete in the Daily Mail £5,000 Circuit of Britain race for seaplanes, scheduled to start on 10 August that year. Thompson's designs were a single-engined flying boat, similar to the Curtiss Model F flying boat which Thompson had a licence for, and a larger twin-engined aircraft.

The twin-engined aircraft, the White & Thompson No. 1 Seaplane, was a biplane powered by two pusher Curtiss OX water-cooled V-8 engines driving three-bladed propellers with adjustable pitch. It was of wooden construction, with the fuselage built of elm and spruce planked with mahogany.  The crew of two sat side-by side in a cockpit fitted with dual-controls just ahead of the wings.  Its tail assembly had a large fin which was supplemented by two auxiliary fins mounted on the upper wing, and a high mounted horizontal tail.

Operational history

Although started later, the single-engined aircraft, the No. 2 Seaplane, flew first on 1 August 1914.  The No. 1 was still not ready when the Circuit of Britain race was cancelled on 4 August due to the outbreak of World War I.  Initial attempts in September 1914 to fly the No. 1 proved unsuccessful, it proving unable to leave the water. After a great deal of modification, supervised by White & Thompson's new chief designer, Percy Beadle, culminating in the fitting of horizontal planing fins to the hull,  for the aircraft to finally able to make its maiden flight during October.

Although the No. 1 was impressed by the Royal Naval Air Service, it was never delivered, being retained by White & Thompson for testing, and indeed it is possible that it never flew again following its maiden flight.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Goodall, Michael H. The Norman Thompson File. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air-Britain, 1995. .
London, Peter. "Bognor's Boats: The Aircraft of Norman Thompson". Air Enthusiast, No. 66, November–December 1996. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. . pp. 70–75.
London, Peter. British Flying Boats. Stroud, UK:Sutton Publishing, 2003. .
"The Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom: Official Notices to Members",  Flight, 17 July 1914, p. 731.
"The "Round Britain" Machines". Flight, 9 October 1914, pp. 1014–1016.

External links

1910s British sport aircraft
Flying boats
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
No. 1 Seaplane
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Sheldon E. Isakoff. Sheldon E. Isakoff is a chemical engineer, former director of Engineering Research and Development at DuPont, and former committee member of the National Research Council. His major contributions include the development of EFT Dacron and nylon processes, improvements to Mylar and Cronar process, and the establishment of the first Lycra plant in the world. He is also honored for his contributions in unsteady-rate operations control. After retirement from industry, Isakoff  served as the president of United Engineering Trustees and chairman of the Chemical Heritage Foundation board.

Background and work
Between 1945 and 1952, Isakoff received a B.S., M.S., and Ph.D from Columbia University's School of Engineering and Applied Science. After graduating from Columbia, he joined DuPont Company. There he pioneered works in process dynamics and computer applications as research director of the materials engineering laboratory and of the engineering physics laboratory. His other research directions encompassed technology management, market assessment, process scale-up, and commercialization. Isakoff later returned to Columbia as an advisor in the Chemical Engineering Department.

Recognition
Sheldon Isakoff is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He was president of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was recipient of Columbia University's Pupin Medal and Egleston Medal of excellence. He is the author of numerous chemical engineering books including High-Tech Materials: Challenges and Opportunities for Chemical Engineers.

References

External links 
 Columbia University Bio
 NAE Membership
 AICHE
 Columbia engineering newsletter

Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Project Indigo. Project Indigo was started by India in 1962. An agreement was signed between India and Switzerland to develop an intermediate-range surface-to-air missile (SAM). Indigo was discontinued in later years without achieving full success. Project Indigo led to Project Devil, to develop short-range surface-to-air missile in the 1970s. Project Devil itself led to the later development of the Prithvi missile in the 1980s.

Background
The basic rocket research in the 1960s in India was done under Project Indigo. Project Indigo was an Indo-Swiss agreement to develop intermediate-range surface-to-air missiles that was scrapped when India opted for Soviet SA-2 missiles in 1962.

See also
Project Devil
SS-45 Missile

References

External links
 frontierindia.net Project Devil 
 frontierindia.net The SS-45 

Ballistic missiles of India
Surface-to-air missiles of India
Ingemar Lundström. Ingemar Lundström, born 9 May 1941 in Skellefteå, Sweden, is a Swedish professor of applied physics at Linköping University.

Professor Lundström received his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1967 at Chalmers University of Technology and his Ph.D. in solid state physics in 1970 from the same university. He worked at Chalmers until 1978, when he was appointed a professor in the chair of applied physics at Linköping University, a position he still holds.

His primary research areas are in biosensors and chemical sensors.

Lundström is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences since 1982 and a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Science since 1987.

He was elected to the Nobel Committee for Physics in 2006, and is its chairman from 2010.

Awards
 Björkénska Prize, Uppsala University, 1986
 Outstanding Contribution to the International Chemical Sensor Community, 4th International Meeting of Chemical Sensors, 1992
 Erna Ebelings Prize, Swedish Medical Association, 1994
 Chester Carlson Award, 1997
 Outstanding Achievement Award, Sensor Division of the Electrochemical Society, 1998
 Gold Medal, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 1999
 Akzo Nobel Science Award, 2001
 Honorary Doctorate, Royal Institute of Technology, 2001

Sources

External links

Ingemar Lundström's web page at Linköping University with CV and publication list

1941 births
Living people
Swedish physicists
Chalmers University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Linköping University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
People from Skellefteå Municipality
Layout (computing). In computing, layout is the process of calculating the position of objects in space subject to various constraints. This functionality can be part of an application or packaged as a reusable component or library.

Examples
 Page layout is the computation of the position of the paragraphs, tabs, sentences, words and letters of a text. This is done by desktop publishing software, typesetting software, and web browsers. These programs typically have dedicated layout routines to calculate the correct position of glyphs and embedded images.
 Some widget toolkits include a layout manager. This component automatically calculates a widget's position based on alignment constraints without the need for the programmer to specify absolute coordinates.
 Graph drawing software automatically determine the position of the vertexes and edges of a graph with various goals like minimization of the number of edge intersections, minimization of total area or production of an aesthetically pleasing result.
 Electronic design automation tools for the place and route step.

See also
 Document layout analysis
 Layout engine (disambiguation)
Brite Semiconductor. Brite Semiconductor is a fabless semiconductor company founded in 2008 to develop custom ASIC designs. The company's top supplier and second largest shareholder is Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation.

History
Brite Semiconductor was founded in July 2008 in Shanghai's Zhangjiang High-Tech Park; its investors include Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), Open-Silicon, Norwest Venture Partners, Gobi Partners, InterWest Partners and Pierre Lamond. Brite acquired its first successful 130 nm tape-out three months after its founding, its first 90 nm design win in September, and first 65 nm tape-out in October with the assistance of its leading strategic business partner and lead shareholder, Open-Silicon. In January 2009, Open-Silicon granted Brite license to its MAX technology. In April 2014, Synopsys announced that Brite Semiconductor will join the Synopsys IP OEM Partner Program. In December 2023, US senator Marco Rubio called for sanctions against Brite Semiconductor over its ties to the Chinese military industrial complex.

References

External links 

 

Semiconductor companies of China
Fabless semiconductor companies
Companies based in Shanghai
Computer companies established in 2008
Electronics companies established in 2008
Skrzydlata Polska. Skrzydlata Polska is a Polish aeronautics magazine, published since 1930. It is the oldest journal on the subject of aviation in Poland.

The magazine is important is covering civilian and military problems in aviation and developments. It also has much current information on all types of shows and displays.

References

External links
Magazine publisher
World Cat Info

1930 establishments in Poland
Aviation magazines
Magazines established in 1930
Magazines published in Poland
Polish-language magazines
Mass media in Łódź
Applied science technologist. Applied science technologist (AScT) is a Canadian professional certification awarded on the basis of academic qualification and work experience.  Abbreviated as A.Sc.T., some, but not all, Canadian provincial engineering and applied science technology associations offer this certification.

Requirements for certification
Graduation from at least a three-year post secondary program in engineering or applied science technology approved by the Canadian Technology Accreditation Board
Two years of engineering work experience in the field that certification is sought
Completion of an application, work history and submission of professional references
Completion of a professional practice examination

Ontario
As of 1 July 2010, OACETT will be eliminating the A.Sc.T. title due to public confusion regarding certification requirements.
Members who hold the AScT designation will be eligible to keep it while new applicants will only be able to obtain either the C.Tech. or C.E.T. designations.

Right to use of title
The title of A.Sc.T., which is used as a post-nominal, is generally protected by provincial legislation.  One cannot use the title or hold that one is an applied science technologist unless so certified by a provincial body associated with the Canadian Council of Technicians and Technologists.

In some provinces this title may be replaced with certified engineering technologist (CET), registered engineering technologist (RET), or more recently professional technologist (P.Tech) to more closely align with professional engineers who use the title (P.Eng).

Internationally, transferability of this title is governed by the Sydney Accord.

See also
Technologist (disambiguation)
Incorporated engineer
Engineering technician
Engineering technologist

References

Professional titles and certifications
Professional certification in engineering
D-book. The D-Book is the UK technical specification for digital terrestrial television (DTT).

The Digital TV Group (DTG) has published and maintained the D-Book for over a decade and the specification is updated annually to keep up with the pace of development in UK DTT. The D-Book is compiled by DTG Working Groups composed of industry experts from the DTG’s staff and membership of around 150 broadcasters, manufacturers, technology providers and other organisations who continually update and peer-review the specification. Conformance to D-Book standard allows products to use the Digital Tick, Freeview, Freeview + and Freeview HDlogos. 

The D-Book is only available to members of the Digital TV Group.

History

The first edition of the D-Book was written in 1996 when the current standard for terrestrial broadcasting DVB-T was new and untried. From the outset, the D-Book was an implementation guideline and referenced fundamental standards where possible. But many of the component parts of the document had not then achieved stable international standards and the UK implementation was therefore reproduced in full.

In subsequent editions, it has become possible to reference ETSI or other standards and the previous D-Book section simplified. However, the D-Book as an implementation guideline has become more important as non-UK based manufacturers have sought to introduce products to the UK market.

D-Book 6

In March 2009, the DTG published the 6th edition of the D-Book – enabling the launch of an initial three free-to-air HD channels on Freeview by late 2009, as well as the introduction of a broadband return path which has the potential to be used for streaming on-demand video content such as BBC iPlayer, ITV Player and 4oD, accessing e-government services and allowing viewers to complete transactions via their television. It also introduces DVB-T2, the new modulation scheme that is being used in the UK to deliver these services.

D-Book 7
In March 2011, the DTG published the 7th edition of the D-Book: the book detailed interoperability specifications for UK digital terrestrial television with extended Connected TV functionality. D-Book 7 provides the baseline specification that service providers such as Sky, Virgin Media and YouView can build on for trademark requirements to support their services.

DTG Testing

The industry's test centre: DTG Testing tests digital TV products applying for the Digital Tick, Freeview and Freeview HD logos against the D-Book standard.  Many manufacturers, both small and large, have discovered the advantage of revealing problems at this stage, rather than when they have large numbers of products in the shops or in people's homes.

The Freeview HD trademark requirements state that any manufacturer wishing to use the Freeview HD logo on a product must pass the required DTG Testing Freeview HD tests.

References

External links
http://www.dtg.org.uk
https://web.archive.org/web/20110420114552/http://www.digitaltelevision.gov.uk/
http://www.freeview.co.uk
http://www.etsi.org

Digital television
UModel. UModel is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) software modeling tool from Altova, the creator of XMLSpy. UModel supports all 14 UML 2 diagram types and adds a unique diagram for modeling XML Schemas in UML. UModel also supports SysML for embedded system developers, and business process modeling (BPMN notation) for enterprise analysts. UModel includes code engineering functionality including code generation in Java (programming language), C#, and Visual Basic, reverse engineering of existing applications, and round-trip engineering.

UModel supports model interchange with other UML tools through the XMI standard, integrates with  revision control systems, and operates as a plug-in for Eclipse and Visual Studio integrated development environments (IDE).

UModel was introduced in 2005, shortly after the ratification of the UML 2 standard.

Developer reviews 

While UModel supports the UML, SysML, and BPMN modeling languages, it does not promote a particular methodology for the modeling, software development, code generation, or round trip engineering processes. “This gives UModel the ability to allow you the maximum flexibility during these creative processes,” said one software developer in a review of UModel 2010.

UModel has features that give flexibility and control to the software modeling process, is user-friendly and well-documented.

Licensing 

UModel is a licensed software product that uses key protection to prevent unlicensed usage.

See also 
Comparison of UML Tools

References

External links 
 Altova website

UML tools
Mullard SAA5050. The Mullard SAA5050 was a character generator chip for implementing the Teletext character set.

The SAA5050 was used in teletext-equipped television sets, viewdata terminals, and microcomputers, most notably on computers like the Philips P2000 (1980), Acorn System 2 (1980), BBC Micro (1982), Malzak and the Poly-1, and Prestel adapters like the AlphaTantel.

This chip was also manufactured by Mullard for Philips.

Operation
The chip generated appropriate video output for a 7-bit input character code representing the current character on the text line, while keeping track of the effect of any of the various control characters defined by the teletext standard that had previously occurred in that text line, which could be used to change the foreground and background colour, switch to or from the alternate block graphics character set, or various other effects.

Full-screen resolution generated by the SAA5050 was 480 × 500 pixels, corresponding to 40 × 25 characters. Each character position therefore corresponded to a 12 × 20 pixel space.  
Internally each character shape was defined on a 5 × 9 pixel grid that was loosely based on the Signetics 2513 character ROM chip.  This was then interpolated by smoothing diagonals to give a 10×18 pixel character, with a characteristically angular shape, surrounded to the top and to the left by two pixels of blank space.  This gave a particularly stable and flicker-free arrangement on interlaced displays.

The alternate set of 2 × 3 block graphic characters were created on the same 12 × 20 pixel grid, so that the top two blocks were each 6 × 6 pixels, the middle two blocks each 6×8 pixels, and the bottom two blocks again 6 × 6 pixels (or two fewer in each direction, if the "separated graphics" control character had been sent).

The pixels were usually displayed with a 1.33:1 or 1.2:1 aspect ratio to give a full display close to the standard 4:3 TV aspect ratio, effectively a 400 × 300 or 480 × 400 display.

Versions
Compared to other alternative chips, the SAA5050 implemented the original World System Teletext teletext standard (Level 1), which had no provision to set black for the foreground text colour.  Some alternative chips at the time did allow this, as became formalized in the 1981 CEPT videotex standard.

In addition to the UK version, several variants of the chip existed with slightly different character sets for particular localizations and/or languages. These had part numbers SAA5051 (German), SAA5052 (Swedish), SAA5053 (Italian), SAA5054 (Belgian), SAA5055 (U.S. ASCII), SAA5056 (Hebrew) and SAA5057 (Cyrillic).

The SAA5050 was later superseded by the SAA5243 CCT chip, integrating a similar teletext character generator with all previously separately implemented functions such as decoding, timing and video generation. It was controlled through I2C.

See also
 Teletext character set
 Viewdata
 Character generator
 AlphaTantel
 Philips P2000
 Acorn System 2
 BBC Micro
 Poly-1

References

External links 
 SAA5050 data sheet
 Bedstead, a font inspired by the SAA5050 character shapes

Teletext
Graphics chips
James C. Potter. James C. Potter (1 May 1855 – 30 October 1925) was an American engineer, inventor, businessman and civic leader in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. A native of Scotland, he was schooled at the Mechanics' Institutes in Glasgow and was also a member of the 5th Battalion of the Royal Rifles.  Potter came to the United States in 1874 and later became a citizen on 31 October 1892.

Potter, also known as J.C. Potter, thrived in Pawtucket, helping to found two successful companies. In 1887 he started the Potter and Atherton Machine Company in Pawtucket. In 1893 he organized and was later President of the Howard & Bullough American Machine Company., also in Pawtucket, which went on to employ up to 1000 people.

Also a successful inventor, Potter was granted several patents, including a Stripping Mechanism for Carding-Machines (filed 27 Feb 1885), the Turret Lathe (filed 27 March 1905) and the Automatic Turret Lathe (filed 11 Mar 1919).

In 1879 he was married in Baltimore, Md., to Charlotte Holland and had six children: Wallace and Clara born in Lowell, and Charlotte, Elizabeth, James and Mary born in Pawtucket.

In 1917, Potter served as the chairman of the Pawtucket Park Commission.

Numerous buildings in Pawtucket are named after Potter, including the Potter-Burns Elementary School (formerly J.C. Potter Elementary), and the Potter Casino building in Slater Park.

References

1855 births
1925 deaths
Engineers from Glasgow
People from Pawtucket, Rhode Island
American inventors
American businesspeople
King's Royal Rifle Corps soldiers