omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Coated fabrics. Coated fabrics are those that have undergone a coating procedure to become more functional and hold the added properties, such as cotton fabrics becoming impermeable or waterproof.  Coated textiles are used in a variety of applications, including blackout curtains and the development of waterproof fabrics for raincoats.

Coating 
The coating is an application of chemical substances on the surface of fabric that is to be made functional or decorative. Coatings use less material than other types of applications, such as exhaust or padding on stenter.

History
The earliest known coated fabric is Oilcloth. Oilcloth is produced by the application of boiled linseed oil. The use of boiled oils can be traced back to 200 AD.

Types 
Coated fabrics can be made in a variety of ways, depending on the coating ingredients used, such as chemical and particles. Rubber, plastic, and vinyl coatings are just a few examples. Nanofabrics are coated with a wide range of nanoparticles to make the fabrics capable of enhanced properties such as ultrahydrophobicity, medical textiles (antimicrobial resistance), Ultraviolet protection, and elasticity.

Use 

The applications and uses of coated fabrics are numerous.

 In manufacturing of  pristine clothes.
Self cleaning fabrics with lotus effect.
 PPE kits, aprons, coverall and gowns for healthcare workers usable in viral diseases such as COVID-19, medical textiles with protecting properties, body fluid resistance and antimicrobial surface.
Coated fabrics also contribute to fire-retardant fabrics.
In distinctive areas, coated fabrics are used for transportation, industrial application, geotextile, and military use.

See also 

 Adhesive tape
Coated paper
Plastic-coated paper
Plasma treatment (textiles)

References 

Textiles
Textile techniques
Industrial processes
Chemical processes
Dai Houliang. Dai Houliang (; born 20 August 1963) is a Chinese chemical engineer and business executive currently serving as chairman of China National Petroleum Corporation. He was an alternate member of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography
Dai was born in Jiangdu County, Jiangsu, on 20 August 1963. He secondary studied at Dinggou High School (). In July 1981, he was accepted to Changzhou University, where he majored in organic chemical industry. Beginning in 1985, he served in several posts in Yangzi Petrochemical, including deputy general manager, general manager, and chairman. He was appointed deputy financial director of Sinopec, one of the three largest state-owned oil companies in China, in September 2005, becoming vice president in November 2005 and senior vice president and financial director in May 2006. In June 2008, he joined the China Petrochemical Corporation, where he was promoted to general manager in May 2016 and to chairman in May 2018. On 17 January 2020, he was appointed chairman of China National Petroleum Corporation, replacing Wang Yilin.

Honors and awards
 2016 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special Prize) for the development and application of high efficiency and environmental protection aromatics complete set technology

References

External links
 Dai Houliang  on petrochina.com.cn

1963 births
Living people
People from Yangzhou
Changzhou University alumni
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangsu
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
HSwMS Visby (J11). HSwMS Visby (J11)  was the lead ship of the .

Design

Visby-class destroyers are 97.5 meters long and 9.2 meters wide. The hull was built of steel while the superstructures were built of light metal. The main superstructure was just about the midships and housed, among other things, crew kitchens, wheelhouse and maneuvering cabin as well as command bridge. The machinery consisted of three Penhoët A oil-fired steam boilers, which generated steam for two 36,000-horsepower Laval steam turbines, which in turn powered two propellers. This machinery gave the vessels a maximum speed of 39 knots. The main guns consisted of three Bofors 12 cm M/24 naval guns, one at bow and the rest in superfiring at stern. The air defense consisted of eight Bofors 40 mm m/36 anti-aircraft guns, consisted of two single guns on each side of midship and two twin guns on a platform at the aft. In addition, there were four Bofors 20 mm m/40 anti-aircraft guns, two 8 mm lvksp m/36 machine guns, torpedo tubes, and more than 40 mines and 16 depth charges could be carried.

History
Visby was built at Götaverken in Gothenburg and was launched on 16 October 1942 and commissioned on 10 August 1943.

In the early 1960s, Visby underwent an extensive rebuild. The front and aft 12 cm guns were replaced with 57 mm m/50 D anti-aircraft guns and the third was removed and replaced by a Bofors 37.5 cm M/50 anti-submarine rocket launcher. In addition, two more m/33 depth charges were added and the mine capacity was increased to 130 mines. Helicopter platform was built and new fire line was installed with a new radar antenna in a radome on the bridge deck. In 1965, the ship was reclassified as a frigate.

Visby was decommissioned on 1 July 1982, after which she was used as a target ship for test firing with RBS-15 before she was sold in 1984 for scrapping in Spain.

Notes

Bibliography

Visby-class destroyers
Ships built in Gothenburg
1942 ships
HSwMS Hälsingborg (J13). HSwMS Hälsingborg (J13)  was the third ship of the .

Design

Visby-class destroyers are 97.5 meters long and 9.2 meters wide. The hull was built of steel while the superstructures were built of light metal. The main superstructure was just about the midships and housed, among other things, crew kitchens, wheelhouse and maneuvering cabin as well as command bridge. The machinery consisted of three Penhoët A oil-fired steam boilers, which generated steam for two 36,000-horsepower Laval steam turbines, which in turn powered two propellers. This machinery gave the vessels a maximum speed of 39 knots. The main guns consisted of three Bofors 12 cm M/24 naval guns, one at bow and the rest in superfiring at stern. The air defense consisted of eight Bofors 40 mm m/36 anti-aircraft guns, consisted of two single guns on each side of midship and two twin guns on a platform at the aft. In addition, there were four Bofors 20 mm m/40 anti-aircraft guns, two 8 mm lvksp m/36 machine guns, torpedo tubes, and more than 40 mines and 16 depth charges could be carried.

History
Hälsingborg was built at Götaverken in Gothenburg and was launched on 23 March 1943 and commissioned on 30 November 1943.

In the early 1960s, Hälsingborg underwent an extensive rebuild. The front and aft 12 cm guns were replaced with 57 mm m/50 D anti-aircraft guns and the third was removed and replaced by a Bofors 37.5 cm M/50 anti-submarine rocket launcher. In addition, two more m/33 depth charges were added and the mine capacity was increased to 130 mines. Helicopter platform was built and new fire line was installed with a new radar antenna in a radome on the bridge deck. In 1965, the ship was reclassified as a frigate.

Hälsingborg was decommissioned on 1 July 1978, after which she was sold in 1979 for scrapping in Gothenburg. The ship's ship bell and coat of arms are now set up at the entrance to the wedding chapel in Helsingborg City Hall.

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Visby-class destroyers
Ships built in Gothenburg
1943 ships
HSwMS Kalmar (J14). HSwMS Kalmar (J14)  was the fourth ship of the .

Design

Visby-class destroyers are 97.5 meters long and 9.2 meters wide. The hull was built of steel while the superstructures were built of light metal. The main superstructure was just about the midships and housed, among other things, crew kitchens, wheelhouse and maneuvering cabin as well as command bridge. The machinery consisted of three Penhoët A oil-fired steam boilers, which generated steam for two 36,000-horsepower Laval steam turbines, which in turn powered two propellers. This machinery gave the vessels a maximum speed of 39 knots. The main guns consisted of three Bofors 12 cm M/24 naval guns, one at bow and the rest in superfiring at stern. The air defense consisted of eight Bofors 40 mm m/36 anti-aircraft guns, consisted of two single guns on each side of midship and two twin guns on a platform at the aft. In addition, there were four Bofors 20 mm m/40 anti-aircraft guns, two 8 mm lvksp m/36 machine guns, torpedo tubes, and more than 40 mines and 16 depth charges could be carried.

History
Kalmar was built at Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad in Gothenburg and was launched on 20 July 1943 and commissioned on 3 February 1944.

In the early 1960s, Kalmar underwent an extensive rebuild. The front and aft 12 cm guns were replaced with 57 mm m/50 D anti-aircraft guns and the third was removed and replaced by a Bofors 37.5 cm M/50 anti-submarine rocket launcher. In addition, two more m/33 depth charges were added and the mine capacity was increased to 130 mines. Helicopter platform was built and new fire line was installed with a new radar antenna in a radome on the bridge deck. In 1965, the ship was reclassified as a frigate.

Kalmar was decommissioned on 1 July 1978, after which she was sold in 1979 for scrapping in Gothenburg.

Notes

Bibliography

Visby-class destroyers
Ships built in Gothenburg
1943 ships
INAS 323. The INAS 323 is an Indian naval air squadron based at INS Hansa, Goa. It operates the multi-role helicopter HAL Dhruv in maritime configuration. The primary role of the squadron is Search and Rescue, Special Operations and Coastal Surveillance.

History 
Indian Navy commissioned its newest aircraft squadron in the presence of Raksha Rajya Mantri Shripad Naik and Vice Admiral R. Hari Kumar on 19 April, 2021. The squadron is equipped with state of art ingenuously built HAL Dhruv designed and built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. The aircraft in use has been heavily modified for naval use and incorporates 19 major changes to suit the Navy's need.

Indian Navy ordered 16 helicopters for search and rescue operations in 2017. These features advance instrumentation overs its older brethren Mk.1 variant already in-service with the Indian Navy. The newer aircraft features full digital glass cockpit, powerful Shakti engine and hosts of other sensors and equipment. Six of the 16 ordered will feature low frequency dunking sonar from Bharat Electronics

One of the helicopter from INAS 323 was equipped with Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

Operations 

Initially, the squadron was commissioned with 3 helicopters. The first CO is Cdr Samik Nundy. An ace Dhruv pilot, with an extensive experience in operating the chopper..

Gallery

References 

Aircraft squadrons of the Indian Navy
Military units and formations established in 2021
Kazakovite. Kazakovite was named in honor of Maria Efimovna Kazakova analytical chemist. It is a type locality of Karnasurt mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It was approved by the IMA in 1974, the same year it was discovered.

Properties 
Kazakovite is a cation-saturated member of the lovozerite group and the zirsinalite-lovozerite subgroup. It occurs in sodalite syenites, and disseminated in ussingite. X-ray studies show the mineral to be rhombohedral. It occurs as small crystals (0.01 – 2 mm), and is showing the forms {111} and {114}. Kazakovite mainly consists of oxygen (44.59%), silicon (25.65%) and sodium (19.58%), but also contains titanium (4.45%), manganese (3.40%), iron (1.73%) and potassium (0.61%). It has a barely detectable, 8.56 radioactivity measured in Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units. It is radioactive due to containing potassium, even though in low amounts. The concentration measured in GRapi is 11.68%.

Tisinalite 
After its discovery, it was quickly noticed the mineral is unstable in air. The mineral became covered in efflorescence of natron and thermonatrite after several days in room conditions. After special experimental studies, it was found that the mineral alters in air into H-kazakovite, better known as tisinalite. The process is complete after several weeks of exposure to moist air.

References

Minerals
Nasser Paydar. Nasser Hamed Paydar (born October 31, 1956) is an American academic administrator who currently serves as the Assistant Secretary of Education for Postsecondary Education. He previously served as the chancellor of Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) from 2015 to 2022.

Early life and education
Paydar was born in Tehran, Iran. He earned bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in mechanical engineering from the Syracuse University College of Engineering and Computer Science in 1979, 1981, and 1985, respectively.

Career
Paydar joined IUPUI in 1985 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering in the School of Engineering and Technology, working in the fields of structural mechanics design, biomechanics, and electronic packaging. He held many positions in the school between 1989 and 2003, including chair of the Department and associate dean for graduate programs and academic programs.

From 2004 to 2007, he became vice-chancellor and dean of Indiana University – Purdue University Columbus (IUPUC). From 2007 to 2012, Paydar became the chancellor of Indiana University East. After this, Paydar returned to IUPUI in 2012 and  served as executive vice chancellor and chief academic officer, until his appointment as the chancellor.

On November 17, 2015, he was appointed the fifth and final chancellor of IUPUI as well as an executive vice president for Indiana University. After more than 36 years with the university, Paydar retired on February 28, 2022.

In March 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Paydar to serve as the assistant secretary for the Office of Postsecondary Education. He was confirmed on August 4, 2022.

Personal life
Paydar is married to Niloo who he met while they were both students at Syracuse. The couple has two adult children.

References

External links
 IUPUI Bio

1956 births
Living people
Academics from Tehran
20th-century American educators
21st-century American educators
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
20th-century Iranian engineers
Syracuse University College of Engineering and Computer Science alumni
Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis faculty
United States Department of Education officials
Biden administration personnel
Merit 22. The Merit 22 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Paul Yates as a racer-cruiser and first built in 1981.

The Merit 22 is a development of the larger Merit 25 by the same designer.

Production
The design was built in the United States by Merit Marine, a company founded by the designer. The boat was built from 1981 until 1986, with 600 completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Merit 22 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a locking lifting keel. It displaces  and carries  of lead ballast. It has foam for positive flotation.

The boat has a draft of  with the keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is normally fitted with a small  outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, a drop-down dinette table on the port side of the main cabin, that converts to a double berth, plus a quarter berth on the starboard side. The galley is located on the starboard side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove and a sink, while an icebox doubles as the companionway step. The head is located in the bow cabin on the starboard side under the "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is  with the cabin pop-top closed and  with it open.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 219 and a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the Merit 22 (launched 1982), a racer-cruiser, followed the successful look-alike Merit 25 (launched 1979) which won the MORC national championships twice. Best features: She looks sleek, and although she suffers in the headroom department a little with the hatch closed, with her poptop erected, she is said to have six-foot headroom. Her vertically lifting keel is lead, not the usual iron, which improves her stability because of the greater density of lead, and avoids the maintenance chores associated with the rust that inevitably goes with iron or steel. The keel is out of the way in the up position and locks in the down position so it doesn't slide up in the event of a capsize. She has enough foam flotation to keep her from sinking, Worst features: Try as we might, we came up with only minor negatives. For example, her interior is very plain—designed for racing lightness rather than opulent luxury. Someone complained that her perforated aluminum rail (handy for attaching snatch blocks and fenders) was sharp enough on its top edge to chafe any docking lines that might pass over it. And one sailor suggested bigger mooring chocks and cleats than came standard."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Merit 22 on its trailer
Photo of a Merit 22 with pop-top open

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Paul Yates
Sailboat types built by Merit Marine
HSwMS Karlstad. HSwMS Karlstad (K35)  is the fifth ship of the .

Design and description 

HSwMS Karlstad is the fifth ship of the s. It was built by Kockums at the Karlskrona naval base, and was the first of four vessels of the class which are designed for coastal warfare.

The hull of the vessel is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a stealth technology, in order to make the vessel difficult to detect by other forces. A minimum of external equipment is stored outside of the vessel, with equipment such as liferafts being stored inside the hull. This hull also reduces the weight of the vessel by around half. It was intended to be radar silent until it moves within  of an enemy vessel, resulting in designer John Nillson saying of it, "Naval officers fall in love with [this] ship. It's not classically beautiful. In fact it looks like a lunchbox. But it has better maneuverability and can achieve that level of stealth."

Construction and career
Karlstad was built at Kockums in Karlskrona and was launched on 24 August 2006 and commissioned on 16 September 2015.

References

External links

Visby-class corvettes
Ships built in Gothenburg
2005 ships
Miguelromeroite. Miguelromeroite is a mineral named for Miguel Romero Sanchez by Anthony Robert Kampf. The mineral, first described in 2008 was named in 2009, the same year it got approved by the International Mineralogical Association.

Properties 
Miguelromeroite is a member of the hureaulite group, and is the manganese analogue of the mineral sainfeldite. It is known as a synthetic compound, and was originally labeled as villyaellenite due to the very rare complex arsenate microcrystals. It shows pleochroic attributes, which is an optical phenomenon that makes gems to be seen a different color depending on the axis it is being inspected. Viewing it from the Z axis, the mineral can be seen in a pale pink color. It was redefined as an intermediate species of the series. It is the full magnesium endmember of the series. Crystals are up to 4 cms in length, and are elongated on [001] with forms {100}, {110} and {101̅}.

Structure 
The mineral's structure is defined by an octahedral edge-sharing pentamer. The pentamers are linked into a loose framework by sharing corners with octahedra in adjacent pentamers and they are further linked through AsO4 and AsO3OH tetrahedra. There are three distinct octahedral sites: M1, M2, and M3. In miguelromeroite's structure, all of the octahedral sites are occupied by manganese and the average bond lengths for the sites fall within a relatively narrow range. Though the differences in the sites suggest that the sites M2 and M3 contain small amounts of zinc and calcium.

Mines 
The samples were from the Veta Negra mine in Chile. Other mines include Gozaisho mine in Honshu island, Japan, and Mina Ojuela in Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. It's a type locality only in these three mines.

References

Monoclinic minerals
Manganese minerals
Arsenate minerals
Minerals described in 2009
Aurora Gruescu. Aurora Gruescu (15 May 1914 – 25 August 2005) was the world's first female forestry engineer, as well as the first Romanian person in the Guinness Book. She worked as a forestry engineer for 25 years. She made considerable contributions to the field of forestry, such as the first national afforestation plan, set on , as well as the use of chemical controls of pests in forests around Bucharest.

Biography 
Gruescu was born in Oituz, Romania, the sixth and youngest child of the family of teachers Chiriac and Maria Dragomir. At the age of 10, she took part in a school trip that aimed to improve students' knowledge of nature. This included a visit to a forest, which had a lasting impact on Gruescu and influenced her decision to enter forestry.

After graduating in 1933 from the Royal Girls' Boarding School in Bucharest, Gruescu was encouraged by her parents to study medicine.  She passed the entry exam and enrolled in the medicine program. However, she left medicine upon deciding it did not appeal to her and enrolled in the Forestry Faculty of Politehnica University of Bucharest. The following autumn, she wrote a specialization exam with 129 other candidates for 13 places, which she passed. She was the only female student in that faculty. Forestry was considered a typical male career.

Professional work 

Gruescu became an example for many women seeking professional careers, as well as men and women seeking careers in forestry. She received attention from international organizations for her work. She was an honorary member of the "Progresul Silvic" Society, Prahova County branch (1992), and an honorary member of the General Association of Romanian Engineers and of the Ministry of Water, Forests and Environmental Protection (1996). After retirement in 1996, she received the Big Silver Medal at the Romania-Israel Binational Philatelic Exhibition, as well as a nomination for the title of "Personality of the Year 1997" by the American Biographical Institute. In the spring of 2002, she was named Honorary Citizen of Bușteni. She died in Bușteni on 25 August 2005 and was buried at Sfânta Vineri Cemetery in Bucharest.

References

1914 births
2005 deaths
People from Bacău County
Women in forestry
Forestry engineers
Romanian women engineers
Școala Centrală National College alumni
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
Burials at Sfânta Vineri Cemetery
Fernando Echeverría. Fernando Echeverría Vial (born 19 November 1961) is a Chilean civil engineer and politician who served as Minister of Energy during the first government of Sebastián Piñera.

Early life and education
Echeverria studied at St. Ignatius College, Santiago and then went on to study civil engineering at Pontifical Catholic University of Chile from 1972 to 1978 and then got a degree in business management from the University of Chile.

References

Living people
1967 births
National Renewal (Chile) politicians
21st-century Chilean politicians
Ministers of energy of Chile
Politicians from Santiago, Chile
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni
Stanford University alumni