omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge. The River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge is a historic bridge carrying the former Air Line Railroad right-of-way over River Road in Salmon River State Forest in Colchester, Connecticut.  Built in 1887, it is a well-preserved example of a period masonry railroad bridge, built as part of a state-mandated program for the reduction of the number of grade crossings in the state.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Description and history
The River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge is located in a rural setting of northwestern Colchester, within Salmon River State Forest.  River Road is a gravel road paralleling the Blackledge River, between the river and the railroad right of way.  When the river and road bend to the northwest, the railroad line crosses both, the road on this bridge, and the river on the Blackledge River Railroad Bridge.  This bridge is a round-arch masonry structure, made out of mortared ashlar brownstone.  The arch has a span at its base of  and is  high.  The sidewalls of the bridge rise  above the former height of the tracks, and all four corners of the bridge have wing walls that extend the structure to retain part of the embankment carrying the right of way.

The Air Line Railway was developed in the 1870s, as a more straight-line connection between New Haven, Connecticut and Boston, Massachusetts, via Middletown.  Originally this was a grade crossing, but increasing train speeds prompted the state to mandate railroads operating in it to reduce the number of such crossings.  This bridge was built in 1887, and was apparently one of several similar bridges.  Its arch voussoirs are individually numbered, suggesting that they were cut at a central location and shipped to the site.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut

References

External links

Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
Bridges completed in 1887
Colchester, Connecticut
Bridges in New London County, Connecticut
Railroad bridges in Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut
Stone arch bridges in the United States
List of equipment of the Canadian Army. The following is an extensive list of equipment currently in use by the Canadian Army and Primary Reserve. It also includes the land equipment in use by the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Canadian Joint Operations Command, the Royal Canadian Navy, and the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Individual equipment

Small arms

Vehicles

Armoured fighting vehicles
See Tanks of Canada for additional details and discussion.

Engineering vehicles and equipment

Utility vehicles

Logistics vehicles

Unmanned ground systems

Unmanned aerial systems

Aircraft

All Canadian Forces aircraft, except for small unmanned aerial vehicles, fall under the command of the Royal Canadian Air Force.

Sensors

Radars

Passive sensors

Artillery and air defence

Field artillery

Air defence systems

See also
 Historical Equipment of the Canadian Military
 Planned Canadian Forces projects

References

Canadian Army
Military equipment of Canada
Canadian Army
Equipment
Charles Alton Ellis. Charles Alton Ellis (18761949) was a professor, structural engineer and mathematician who was chiefly responsible for the structural design of the Golden Gate Bridge. Because of a dispute with Joseph Strauss, he was not recognized for his work when the bridge opened in 1937. His contributions were ultimately recognized at the bridge in a plaque installed in 2012.

Early life and education
Ellis was born in Parkman, Maine in 1876. 

He earned a degree in mathematics from Wesleyan University (where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity).  In 1922, he received his graduate certificate in engineering (C.E.) from the University of Illinois.

Career
Ellis took a post at the American Bridge Company, where he worked on the stresses of subway tunnels crossing the Hudson River. Ellis completed coursework to extend his knowledge of structural engineering at the University of Illinois. 

In 1922 he was expert enough to author a benchmark textbook in the field, Essentials in the Theory of Framed Structures.

Ellis began working on the Golden Gate Bridge in 1922, the same year he gained his engineering certificate from University of Illinois. He remained with the project until December 1931. He then opened a consultancy practice in Chicago, working as an advisor to the Public Works Administration.

During his career, he was a professor at the University of Michigan, the University of Illinois, and Purdue University. His papers are held at the Purdue University library.

Golden Gate Bridge structural design
Ellis was responsible for the structural design of the bridge, working from the overall design by Strauss.

A dispute over the time it was taking to complete the design led Strauss to accuse Ellis of wasting time and money, and to dismiss him from the project. The copy of the engineering drawings for the Golden Gate Bridge on file at the Library of Congress is signed by Ellis, but the plaque placed on the bridge in 1937 did not give him any credit.

In 2012, Ellis was officially given recognition for his part in the designing process of the Golden Gate Bridge when a plaque  was installed on the south tower to acknowledge his contributions.

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 

American structural engineers
Wesleyan University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Purdue University faculty
People from Parkman, Maine
1949 deaths
1876 births
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Video Trek 88. Video Trek 88 is a computer game developed and published by Windmill Software in 1982, based on the earlier Star Trek text game. As opposed to the mainframe version, both the galactic chart and the local map are displayed side by side.

The game is suitable for monochrome or color adapters, but is best viewed in monochrome. It was one of Windmill Software's earliest games, written in the BASIC programming language (specifically, BASICA) and requires an interpreter such as GW-BASIC to be executed.

References

External links
Video Trek 88 on Home of the Underdogs
Video Trek 88 entry at Back to BASICs

1982 video games
Commercial video games with freely available source code
DOS games
DOS-only games
Single-player video games
Starship simulators based on Star Trek
Unofficial works based on Star Trek
Video games based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Video games developed in Canada
Video games with textual graphics
Windmill Software games
Kiyoshi Mutō. was a Japanese architect and structural engineer. He is considered the "father of the Japanese skyscraper" for his contributions to earthquake engineering.

Earthquake engineering research
Mutō was born in Toride, Ibaraki, Japan. He entered the Department of Architecture at Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo) in 1922 and graduated in 1925. He was immediately appointed Lecturer, and obtained a Dr of Engineering degree in 1931. In 1935 he was appointed Professor of Structural Engineering, a post which he held for almost 30 years, developing and teaching the principles of earthquake-resistant design.

Among his best known contributions was the development of a simple but accurate method for routine structural analysis of a moment resisting frame under lateral loading. Known as the "D Method", it replaced tedious, time-consuming calculations with numerical tables, and was widely used for many years throughout the world. It was adopted into the Calculation Standard of the Architectural Institute of Japan in
1933.

Work as structural engineer
After retiring from the University of Tokyo in 1963, Muto became executive vice president of Kajima Corporation, a major construction company. He also founded his own company, the Muto Institute of Structural Mechanics, in 1965.
At Kajima, he led the team that designed Japan's first high-rise building, the 36-story Kasumigaseki Building. Among his innovations for this building was first energy dissipation system used in Japan, a slit wall system consisting of precast reinforced concrete strips that stabilized the building under strong winds and small earthquakes and absorbed the energy of strong earthquakes.

Works 

Mutō was the structural engineer for many of Tokyo's tallest and best-known buildings, including the following.
 Kasumigaseki Building (1967)
 World Trade Center (1970)
 Keio Plaza Hotel (1971)
 Shinjuku Mitsui Building (1974)
 Sunshine 60 (1978)
 Grand Prince Hotel Akasaka (1982)
 Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building (1991)

Notes

People from Ibaraki Prefecture
1903 births
1989 deaths
Structural engineers
Earthquake engineering
University of Tokyo alumni
Laureates of the Imperial Prize
20th-century Japanese architects
Stress–strength analysis. Stress–strength analysis is the analysis of the strength of the materials and the interference of the stresses placed on the materials, where "materials" is not necessarily the raw goods or parts, but can be an entire system.  Stress-Strength Analysis is a tool used in reliability engineering.

Environmental stresses have a distribution with a mean  and a standard deviation  and component strengths have a distribution with a mean  and a standard deviation . The overlap of these distributions is the probability of failure .  This overlap is also referred to stress-strength interference.

Reliability 
If the distributions for both the stress and the strength both follow a Normal distribution, then the reliability (R) of a component can be determined by the following equation: 
, where

P(Z) can be determined from a Z table or a statistical software package.

See also 

 First-order reliability method

References 

 http://reliawiki.org/index.php/Stress-Strength_Analysis
 http://www.engr.iupui.edu/me/courses/stressstrengthinterference.pdf

Mechanical failure
Reliability engineering
Risk analysis
Systems engineering
Steven Murdoch. Steven James Murdoch is Professor of Security Engineering in the Computer Science Department, University College London. His research covers privacy-enhancing technology, Internet censorship, and anonymous communication, in particular Tor. He is also known for discovering several vulnerabilities in the EMV bank chipcard payment system (Chip and PIN) and for creating Tor Browser.

Education and career
Murdoch was educated at the University of Cambridge completing a PhD on computer security supervised by Markus Kuhn in 2008. In March 2022, he joined the board of Open Rights Group.

Awards and honours
He is a Fellow of the British Computer Society and Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. He received the 2008 ERCIM Security and Trust Management Working Group Award for his PhD thesis "Covert channel vulnerabilities in anonymity systems". In 2012 he was appointed as a Royal Society University Research Fellow.

References

Computer security specialists
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
Royal Society University Research Fellows
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Autodesk Inventor. Autodesk Inventor is a computer-aided design extension application for 3D mechanical design, simulation, visualization, and documentation developed by Autodesk.

Features 
Inventor allows analyzing 2D and 3D CAD models by creating a virtual representation of the final product in order to validate the form, fit, and functioning before it is built.

Autodesk Inventor supports parametric, direct edit, freeform modeling part modeling, and assembly modeling. It provides support for various CAD  formats and standard DWG drawings.

Inventor uses ShapeManager, Autodesk's proprietary geometric modeling kernel. 

The software can be licensed as a subscription or through pre-paid Flex Tokens (daily use, consumption-based). Autodesk Inventor Professional is also a part of a collection license Autodesk Product Design & Manufacturing Collection. Autodesk Inventor competes directly with SolidWorks, Solid Edge, and Creo.

Editions 
The latest Autodesk Inventor product line includes the following software titles:

Autodesk Inventor LT 2021 (discontinued)
Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024

Release dates and names

See also 
 Comparison of computer-aided design software
 PTC Creo
 Solid Edge
 SolidWorks

References

External links 

 Autodesk Inventor official website
 Autodesk Inventor Forums
 Autodesk Inventor Blog
 Autodesk Education Community
 GrabCAD - Upload, Download, and View Inventor files

Autodesk products
Computer-aided design software for Windows
1999 software
3D printing
Hackney (automobile). The Hackney was a marque of junior car which seated one adult or two children, built in the mid-to-later 1950s by the Gordon W. Morton Company of High Point Road in Greensboro, North Carolina. Hubert H. Hackney applied for a patent for this miniature car design on August 19, 1955, and the patent was approved by the United States Patent Office on March 19, 1957 for a term of 14 years. 

The Hackney somewhat resembled the concurrent Eshelman automobile, but differed in its most remarkable engineering features, which included what the manufacturer termed its "Floating Power Unit" (FPU)—a self-contained rear-mounted engine, clutch, and drivetrain combination—in concert with the rear wheels and independent of the body. The FPU was mounted on pivots at front and back. Also, a floorboard-mounted one-stick control operated both forward and rear motions, and even operated braking action. The throttle control was mounted on the dashboard; a rope-recoil starter was used.

Two models were offered; the Standard and the Deluxe, with the latter model featuring a wraparound Plexiglas windshield in then-contemporary fashion, an electric horn, head and tail lamps, and a lightning-bolt trim design on the flanks. Bumpers and a trailer hitch were standard on all models.

The squarish-looking Hackney bodies were of sheet steel; a running change added small fins atop the rear fenders on later models. Standard factory colors were red with white trim and wheels.

Engines were supplied by several manufacturers but extant Hackney cars usually have a 2 HP Clinton four-cycle powerplant, which allowed speeds to six mph.

Hackney moved lived and died in Greensboro, North Carolina, built cabs, bodies, and commercial equipment.

See also
Crosley

References

External links

Microcars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in North Carolina
Moskalyev SAM-5. The Moskalyev SAM-5 was a 1930s Soviet transport or air ambulance monoplane designed by Aleksandr Moskalyev. The type served in small numbers in the Second World War as an air ambulance.

Development and design
The SAM-5 was a cantilever high-wing monoplane with fixed conventional landing gear and an enclosed cabin for a pilot and four passengers. The first prototype was built using stressed-skin light alloy construction but it had problems with the quality of workmanship in what was an unfamiliar material. The second-prototype SAM-5bis was built using plywood and fabric and had wing bracing and a more slender fuselage. After testing 37 production aircraft were built and they were delivered from 1937 as air ambulances with room for three patients and an attendant.

Moskalyev then worked on an improved variant, the SAM-5-2bis, tested with a 200 hp (149 kW) engine; the aircraft established distance and height records. An order was placed for 200 of the improved variant, again for use as an air ambulance but they were never built. This last SAM-5 variant led to four, differently numbered, developments.

SAM-5-2bis developments
SAM-10 Low wing,  inline, 5/6 seater.
SAM-11 High wing,  inline, 4 seat amphibian.
SAM-14 High wing,  inline, 6 seat version.
SAM-25 High wing,  radial, military assault/ transport.

Specifications (SAM-5bis)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s Soviet civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Moskalyev aircraft
Hammer-headed tenon. Hammer-headed tenon joints are one method that can be used to join curved members of joinery components.

The hammer-headed tenon is used to join a curved member to a straight member such as a curved head member to a jamb. The tenon is formed on the jamb and the mortise to receive the tenon is formed on the curved member. The mortise is increased in size to receive a pair of folding wedges each side of the tenon.

The hammer-headed key is used where there is no straight member to form the tenon. It is difficult to form a strong tenon on curved cut timber as the short grain there will weaken it, so two mortise sockets are formed one in each piece and a separate tenon piece called a key is formed to fit. As with the hammer-headed tenon the mortise sockets are increased in size to allow for the folding wedges each side of the tenon.

When the joint is fitted and glued together it is the folding wedges that give the cramping effect that tightens the shoulder of the joint.

Both these hammer-headed joints need good attention to detail from the joiner as they are difficult to make completely by machine or power tool.

Other joints that can be used on curved headed frames are:
Draw dowelled bridle or mortise
Handrail bolts and dowels

References

External links
 Sample Google SketchUp model where the user can interrogate the hammer headed joints
 Illustration of mortise and tenon joints including the hammer-headed tenon

Woodworking
SM U-158. SM U-158 was a Type U-158 submarine of the Imperial German Navy, built during the First World War.

SM U-158 was one of six 810-ton boats ordered in February 1917. She was one of two ships built to an improved design developed from the Type U-115 design, along with her sister, .  They were known as 'Project 25', and had a greatly increased radius of action. Both ships were built at Kaiserliche Werft Danzig, with U-158 being launched on 16 April 1918. The war ended before she could see active service, and she was broken up in 1919.

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Type U 158 submarines
World War I submarines of Germany
Ships built in Danzig
1918 ships
SM U-159. SM U-159 was a Type U-158 submarine of the Imperial German Navy, built during the First World War.

SM U-159 was one of six 810-ton boats ordered in February 1917. She was one of two ships built to an improved design developed from the Type U-115 design, along with her sister, .  They were known as 'Project 25', and had a greatly increased radius of action. Both ships were built at Kaiserliche Werft Danzig, with U-159 being launched on 25 May 1918. The war ended before she could see active service, and she was broken up in 1919.

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Type U 158 submarines
World War I submarines of Germany
Ships built in Danzig
1918 ships
Trihydroxyanthraquinone. A trihydroxyanthraquinone or trihydroxyanthracenedione is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula  , formally derived from anthraquinone by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups.  They include several historically important dyes.  The isomers may differ in the parent anthraquinone isomer and/or of the three hydroxyl groups.

In general there are 56 ways of choosing three out of the 8 hydrogens.  However, if the underlying core is symmetrical, some of these choices will give identical molecules.

Isomers

From 9,10-anthraquinone
Due to the symmetry of the 9,10-anthraquinone core, there are only 14 isomers.

1,2,3-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (anthragallol) 
1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin), a component of madder root dye. 
1,2,5-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (oxyanthrarufin) 
1,2,6-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (flavopurpurin) 
1,2,7-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (isopurpurin, anthrapurpurin)
1,2,8-Trihydroxyanthraquinone (oxychrysazin)
1,3,5-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,3,6-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,3,7-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,3,8-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,4,5-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,4,6-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
1,6,7-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 
2,3,6-Trihydroxyanthraquinone

See also
Hydroxyanthraquinone
Dihydroxyanthraquinone
Tetrahydroxyanthraquinone
Pentahydroxyanthraquinone
Hexahydroxyanthraquinone
Heptahydroxyanthraquinone
Octahydroxyanthraquinone

References
SPB Software. SPB Software, a division of Yandex, is a Russian IT company which operates the largest search engine in Russia. In November 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that Yandex acquired SPB Software after its own initial public offering debuted on the NASDAQ as the fourth largest IPO of 2011.
SPB Software's most popular solution, the SPB Shell 3D, has been described by The New York Times as an application that makes for a much more user-friendly phone. SPB Shell 3D utilizes SPB Software's SPB UI Engine, a cross-platform modular plugin for building hyper-realistic 3D interfaces on a variety of devices. The SPB UI Engine is written in native C++. SPB also develops software running on Android, iOS, Symbian, Bada, BlackBerry, Maemo, MeeGo, webOS, Windows Phone 7, and the Windows Mobile operating systems.

History

Formation
Formed in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1999, the company was named SPB Software House, but removed the word "House" in 2008. The company released its first mobile application in 2001 and went on to win the Pocket PC Developer Of The Year Award 2003 by Handango. The company subsequently won the same award from Handango in 2006, 2007, and 2009. SPB Software went on to develop mobile apps for a variety of platforms and expanded its title lineup to include games, utility apps and mobile OS shells. SPB Software is now developing apps for all of the major mobile phone manufacturers. SPB Software also works with phone makers and mobile operators in various countries to develop customized versions of its software and optimized applications for particular devices.

Acquisition
On November 28, 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that Yandex NV, operator of Russia’s most popular Internet search engine, acquired SPB Software "to expand mobile products and the use of its search capabilities on mobile devices." The CEO of SPB Software, Sebastian-Justus Schmidt, was appointed as EVP Mobile and General Manager by Yandex.

Products

Games
SPB Software has released an assortment of games for smartphones and mobile devices. SPB Brain Evolution was named the bestselling Windows Mobile game of 2008 and as the Best Casual Game of 2009 by the online mobile software store Handango.

Headquarters
SPB Software's development headquarters are located in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. Financial Headquarters are located in Hong Kong. The firm also has offices in USA, Brazil, Taiwan, and Thailand.

References

Software companies of Russia
Companies based in Saint Petersburg
Russian brands