omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of proposed quantum registers. A practical quantum computer must use a physical system as a programmable quantum register. Researchers are exploring several technologies as candidates for reliable qubit implementations.

 Superconducting quantum computing (qubit implemented by the state of nonlinear resonant superconducting circuits containing Josephson junctions)
 Trapped ion quantum computer (qubit implemented by the internal state of trapped ions)
 Neutral atom quantum computer (qubit implemented by internal states of neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice or an array of dipole traps, i.e. optical tweezers)
 Quantum dot computer, spin-based (e.g. the Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer) (qubit given by the spin states of trapped electrons)
 Quantum dot computer, spatial-based (qubit given by electron position in double quantum dot)
 Quantum computing using engineered quantum wells, which could in principle enable the construction of a quantum computer that operates at room temperature
 Coupled quantum wire (qubit implemented by a pair of quantum wires coupled by a quantum point contact)
 Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer (NMRQC) implemented with the nuclear magnetic resonance of molecules in solution, where qubits are provided by nuclear spins within the dissolved molecule and probed with radio waves
 Solid-state NMR Kane quantum computer (qubit realized by the nuclear spin state of phosphorus donors in silicon)
 Vibrational quantum computer (qubits realized by vibrational superpositions in cold molecules)
 Electrons-on-helium quantum computer (qubit is the electron spin)
 Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) (qubit provided by the internal state of trapped atoms coupled to high-finesse cavities)
 Molecular magnet (qubit given by spin states)
 Fullerene-based ESR quantum computer (qubit based on the electronic spin of atoms or molecules encased in fullerenes)
 Nonlinear optical quantum computer (qubits realized by processing states of different modes of light through both linear and nonlinear elements)
 Linear optical quantum computer (LOQC) (qubits realized by processing states of different modes of light through linear elements e.g. mirrors, beam splitters and phase shifters). Quantum microprocessor based on laser photonics at room temperature made possible.
 Diamond-based quantum computer (qubit realized by the electronic or nuclear spin of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond)
 Bose–Einstein condensate-based quantum computer
 Transistor-based quantum computer (string quantum computers with entrainment of positive holes using an electrostatic trap)
 Rare-earth-metal-ion-doped inorganic crystal based quantum computer (qubit realized by the internal electronic state of dopants in optical fibers)
 Metallic-like carbon nanospheres-based quantum computer

References 

Quantum computing
Urban retrofitting. Urban retrofitting is a combination of policies and phenomena done with the goal of undoing or remedying the effects of urban sprawl. The phenomena of adaptive reuse and infill  development to combat sprawl are key to this. It often follows the new urbanist school of thought, which aims to undo the sprawl and flight from urbanized areas that occurred in the US and Canada after WWII.

History and issues to solve
Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson, professors of urban planning and architecture at Georgia Tech and CUNY, respectively, wrote the book on this phenomenon. Much of their work is captured in their book, "Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs which discusses the phenomena of urban sprawl, economic development, climate change mitigation, and environmental justice.

In short, there are several issues that modern society faces that are either caused by or exacerbated by car dependency. These challenges include, but are not limited to: disrupting automobile dependence to promote public transit,
"improve public health, support an aging population, leverage social capital for equity, compete for jobs, and add water and energy resilience" per the Congress for New Urbanism.

Solutions to sprawl and effects
This phenomenon uses underutilized lots, parking lots, greyfield lots, densification of land use especially in regard to residential density, and rezoning to encourage walkability.

In a case study of the Belmar neighborhood of Lakewood, Colorado of the former Villa Italia Mall, the retrofit of the property resulted in the following:

22 city blocks on 103 acres
777,000 square feet of retail space
868,000 square feet of office space
190,000 square feet of hotel space
1,048 housing units
9 acres of public parks/plazas
5,000 parking spaces (garage, surface and street)

There are several other cases of successful retrofits, including downtown Silver Spring, Maryland; North Hills in Raleigh, North Carolina; and CityCentre in Houston, Texas.

See also
 Urban sprawl
 Infill
 Walkability
 Zoning
 Mixed-use development
 Sunk cost
 Green retrofit
 Gentrification
 Urban renewal
 Urban decay
 Cost of poverty

References

Urban planning
Repurposing
Skystream. Skystream or sky stream may refer to:

 Skystream Airlines; see List of defunct airlines of the United States (Q–Z)
 SkyStream Networks, an internet video delivery company, a subsidiary of Ericsson Television
 OTC Skystream, an Australian network service of the Overseas Telecommunications Commission
 Sky Stream, a British television streaming service of Sky UK
 Southwest Windpower Skystream, a model line of airborne wind turbines

See also

 Atmospheric river, a linear humid air mass and air current
 
 
 Jet stream (disambiguation)
 Airstream (disambiguation)
 Stream (disambiguation)
 Sky (disambiguation)
Aarti Gupta (computer scientist). Aarti Gupta is a computer scientist working in formal methods, Electronic Design Automation, and programming languages. Educated in India and the US, she is currently a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University.

Education and career 
Aarti Gupta received her undergraduate degree from IIT Delhi, India and PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1994. She later worked at NEC Laboratories America developing tools for verifying correctness of large-scale industrial codebases written in C and C++ code. The efforts of she and her team won her the 2005 NEC Technology Commercialization Award. She joined the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University as a full professor in 2015. She has published extensively on subjects such as program synthesis, verification of concurrent programs, hardware, and verification of computer networks.

Service and awards 
 ACM Fellow, 2017: "For contributions to system analysis and verification techniques and their transfer to industrial practice"
 Member of the Steering Committee, Computer Aided Verification conference.
 Past member of Steering Committee, Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) Conference
 Member of editorial board, Formal Methods in System Design
 Member of editorial board, ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian computer scientists
Indian women computer scientists
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
IIT Bombay alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Princeton University faculty
Cadmium tellurite. Cadmium tellurite is the tellurite salt of cadmium, with the chemical formula CdTeO3.



Preparation 

Cadmium tellurite can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium sulfate and sodium tellurite in ammonia.

Properties 
Cadmium tellurite is a colourless solid that is insoluble in water. It is a semiconductor. It is part of the monoclinic crystal system, with space group P21/c (No. 14). It can also crystallize in the cubic crystal system and hexagonal crystal system at temperatures above 540 °C.

References 

Cadmium compounds
Tellurites
Geoffrey Brooks. Geoffrey Brooks (born 9 November 1962) is a Professor of Engineering at the Swinburne University of Technology, Known for fundamentals of steelmaking and non-ferrous metallurgy. His Research in these fields has earned him awards from organizations such as Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) and the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) as well as winning several best paper awards with his co-workers in the field of pyrometallurgy.

Research
Brooks’ key work includes modelling of steelmaking,leading teams on interaction of jets and liquids in steelmaking, heat transfer in steelmaking  and reaction kinetics of steelmaking process. Collaborating with researchers at McMaster University and Swinburne University of Technology, he developed the Bloated Droplet Theory in Oxygen Steelmaking, correlating the steelmaking kinetics with iron droplets bloating and reacting with FeO rich slag.

Media recognition
Brooks has been interviewed on several occasions in the Australian media on matters relating to the Australian Steel industry   but also on his research into processing minerals on the moon.  He has been a regular contributor to The Conversation commenting on a range of issues relating to the metallurgical industry.

References

External links 

Steelmaking
Swinburne University of Technology
Australian scientists
1962 births
Living people
Caesium triiodide. Caesium triiodide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of CsI3. It can be prepared by slow volatilization and crystallization of caesium iodide and iodine in aqueous ethanol solution. It can form precipitates with diazobenzene.

It undergoes a phase transition from Pnma to P-3c1 under high pressure, and its structure changes from layered to 3D.

References 

Caesium compounds
Polyhalides
Iodides
Hypersonic Air Launched Offensive Anti-Surface. The Hypersonic Air Launched Offensive Anti-Surface (HALO) is a hypersonic air-launched anti-ship missile being developed for the United States Navy. It is designed to provide greater anti-surface warfare capability than the AGM-158C LRASM and is expected to be compatible with F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The initial operational capability is expected in 2028. The program is also called the Offensive Anti-Surface Warfare Increment 2 (OASuW Inc 2) program.

On 28 March 2023, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) awarded a $116 million contract to Raytheon Missiles & Defense and Lockheed Martin for technical maturation and development through a preliminary design review of the propulsion system. The contract is slated to begin in December 2024, with each company's initial design review working towards a prototype flight test.

However, at the Navy League's Sea-Air-Space conference's April 2023, Rear Admiral Stephen Tedford, Program Executive Officer for unmanned aviation and strike weapons at NAVAIR, said that HALO might be "a little bit of a misnomer" because it might not reach hypersonic speeds. Tedford said that HALO may reach only supersonic speeds, (high Mach 4-plus) rather than hypersonic speeds (over Mach 5).

See also

References

Air-launched cruise missiles
Proposed weapons of the United States
Anti-ship missiles of the United States
Hypersonic cruise missiles
Anti-ship cruise missiles
Ilaria Testa. Ilaria Testa is an Italian-born scientist who is a Professor at the Department of Applied Physics at the School of Engineering Science at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. She has made major contributions to advanced microscopy, particularly superresolution microscopy (RESOLFT, STED).

Education 
Testa studied physics at University of Genoa in Italy and graduated with a M.Sc. in 2005. In 2009, she earned her Ph.D. in Biotechnology. During her Ph.D., she worked on quantitative methods in single-molecule biophysics and studied transitional states in fluorescent proteins. After completing her thesis, supervised by Alberto Diaspro, she joined Stefan Hell's research group at the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, Germany as a postdoctoral researcher where she had already spent part of her doctoral studies.

Career and research
At the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences in Göttingen, Testa played a central role in establishing the superresolution technique RESOLFT, showing that superresolution microscopy can be realized with lower levels of light in living cells and tissues making it more attractive for its usage in the life sciences.

From 2015 to 2024, Testa was appointed as a Fellow at the SciLifeLab in Stockholm and served as both an assistant professor and an associate professor at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. At the SciLifeLab, she set up the Laboratory for Advanced Optical BioImaging. 

In November 2024, she was appointed professor at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

Testa and her team continue to develop further and use superresolution techniques such as STED and RESOLFT microscopy to understand the fundamental biological processes for health and diseases.

Testa is a well-known microscopist who is an established member of the advanced microscopy community and is frequently invited on panels and as a keynote speaker at key conferences in the field.

Awards and honors
 2015, ERC Starting Grant "MoNaLISA" 
 2017, ESP Young Investigator Award
 2020, ERC Consolidator Grant "InSpIRe"
 2025, RMS Award for Light Microscopy

References

External links
 Can Microscopes Make Decisions? | Ilaria Testa | TEDxKTH
 The Microscopists interviews Ilaria Testa

Living people
Women in optics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Microscopists
Optical physicists
European Research Council grantees
University of Genoa alumni
21st-century women physicists
SAX-200 Xiuhcoatl. The SAX-200 Xiuhcóatl (SAX is an acronym for "Subametralladora Automática Xiuhcóatl" or Xiuhcoatl Automatic Submachine-gun) is a 5.56×45mm NATO carbine for exclusive use by the Mexican Army and Air Force developed by the Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Militar and produced by Dirección General de Industria Militar.

Design and development 
It begins to be developed at the end of 2018 to have a nationally manufactured substitute for the MP-5 submachine gun and that it can be used by generals, chiefs and officers of the Army and the Air Force. The modeling of the weapon was done through digital design software, which allowed the creation of the 99 pieces that make up the weapon, of which 68% are shared with the FX-05 Xiuhcoatl.

The weapon has a retractable stock, which when extended gives it a total length of 68 cm, has an ambidextrous fire selector, removable 30-round magazine, handguard for greater mobility in close combat and several Picatiny rails to add different accessories. The metallic components are made of various steel alloys while the plastic components are produced with high-impact polymer reinforced with carbon fiber. It is planned that the official presentation of the weapon to the public will take place on the bicentennial of the creation of Heroico Colegio Militar.

See also 
Mendoza HM-3
FX-05 Xiuhcoatl

References

External links 
Mexican Ministry of National Defense

5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles
Assault rifles of Mexico
AN/UYA-4. The AN/UYA-4 is a series of system consoles developed by Hughes Aircraft Company for the United States Navy.

Description 
The Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) was originally developed to organize anti-aircraft warfare, but in the mid-1960s, it began to be considered for use in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) as well, and the ASWSC&CS (ASW Ship Command and Control System) project was initiated. As part of this project, a console with greater versatility than the SYA-4 used by the early NTDS was required. The UYA-4 was developed in response and was designed around 1965.

The UYA-4 series was the first NTDS display subsystem to employ electronic circuits as integrated circuits instead of individual components such as transistors, resistors, and diodes. The basic model is the OJ-194/UYA-4, which has a 12-inch plan position indicator, six buttons with fixed functions, and 18 variable-action buttons (VABs), allowing switching between 45 operational modes.

This series also included table type consoles (operations summary console, OSC) with a large 20-inch PPI scope arranged horizontally so that the screen could be viewed from three sides: initially the OA-7981 and later the OJ-195 and 197 were used.

In addition, the OA-7980 was also included to process information about the altitude of targets by obtaining information from 3D radar and other sources.

However, the functions of this series were basically limited to operation and display, and information processing was performed by mainframe computers such as the CP-642 and AN/UYK-7. The OJ-197/UYA-4 in particular was expensive to maintain and manage, and was gradually replaced in succeeding systems by the AN/UYQ-70, capable of processing information on its own.

See also

List of military electronics of the United States

References

Books 
 
 

Military electronics of the United States
Equipment of the United States Navy
Hughes Aircraft Company
Chittagong Metro Rail. The Chittagong Metro Rail, officially the Chattogram Metro Rail (), is an approved mass rapid transit system intended to serve Chittagong and its adjoining areas. Once completed, the system is expected to ease the evergrowing traffic in the port city. The feasibility study for Chittagong Metro Rail had begun in January 2023 and will last till June 2025. The Chittagong Metro Rail is the country's second rapid transit project, after Dhaka Metro.

History
"Transport Masterplan and Preliminary Feasibility Study for Urban Metrorail Transit Construction in Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA)" was officially inaugurated in the Radisson Blu CTG in Chittagong by the Minister of Road Transport and Bridges, Obaidul Quader in January 2023. The project was initially approved by the Executive Committee of the National Economics on 22 November 2022. Although both China and South Korea had expressed their will to invest in the project, the authorities decided to side with South Korea. The project is being funded by the Korea International Cooperation Agency. BDT 13.6258 crores had been provided by the government, whereas BDT 57 crore were provided by KOICA, therefore BDT 70.6258 crore is the overall cost set for the Transport Masterplan and Preliminary Feasibility Study for Urban Metrorail Transit Construction in Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA).

Controversy 
The members of the Forum for Planned Chattogram (FPC) directly opposed the plan of building a metro rail service in Chittagong. They cited various studies and researches, and instead recommended to build a bus rapid transit system for the city. They said a metro in Chittagong would be expensive to construct, maintain and operate, and they have also expressed concerns about the misuse of resources amid the country's foreign currency crisis.

See also 
Dhaka Metro Rail
Chittagong Circular Railway
Bangladesh Railway
Chittagong Elevated Expressway
DHK-CTG Bullet Train
Dhaka Subway

Dhaka Bus Rapid Transit (Dhaka Line)

References 

Rail transport in Chittagong
Rapid transit in Bangladesh
Proposed rail infrastructure in Bangladesh
AI-assisted reverse engineering. AI-assisted reverse engineering (AIARE) is a branch of computer science that leverages artificial intelligence (AI), notably machine learning (ML) strategies, to augment and automate the process of reverse engineering. The latter involves breaking down a product, system, or process to comprehend its structure, design, and functionality. AIARE was primarily introduced in the early years of the 21st century, witnessing substantial advancements from the mid-2010s onwards.

Overview
Conventionally, reverse engineering is conducted by specialists who dismantle a system to grasp its working principles, often for the purposes of reproduction, modification, enhancement of compatibility, or forensic examination. This method, while efficient, can be laborious and time-intensive, particularly when dealing with intricate software or hardware systems.

AIARE integrates machine learning algorithms to either partially automate or augment this process. It is capable of detecting patterns, relationships, structures, and potential vulnerabilities within the analyzed system, frequently surpassing human experts in speed and accuracy. This has rendered AIARE a critical tool in numerous fields, including cybersecurity, software development, and hardware design and analysis.

Techniques 
AIARE encompasses several AI methodologies:

Supervised learning 
Supervised learning employs tagged data to train models to recognize system components, their operations, and their interconnections. This method is particularly helpful in software analysis to discover vulnerabilities or enhance compatibility.

Unsupervised learning 
Unsupervised learning is utilized to detect concealed patterns and structures in untagged data. It proves beneficial in comprehending complex systems where there's no evident labeling or mapping of components.

Reinforcement learning 
Reinforcement learning is employed to build models that progressively refine their system understanding through a process of trial and error. This method is often implemented when deciphering a system's functionality under various circumstances or configurations.

Deep learning 
Deep learning is employed for analysis of high-dimensional data. For instance, deep learning techniques can aid in examining the layout and connections of integrated circuits (ICs), substantially reducing the manual effort required for reverse engineering.

References

Applications of artificial intelligence
Reverse engineering
Krampus (vehicle). Krampus is a Lithuanian-made, hybrid, off-road prototype vehicle. It was developed by the company Ostara. The vehicle is powered by two electric motors. The battery consists of 540 lithium-phosphate cells, producing 576V. Battery is recharged either by an on-board charger (22 kW) or a diesel generator, mounted in front of vehicle.

Development of Krampus started with an idea to provide quiet transportation for military operations. The car is able to silently approach mission area (while also emitting minimum thermal signature) and flee it, while using only electric drive. When operating regularly, a diesel generator can be used to power the car and recharge the battery. Electric range varies from 50 to 200 km (depending on surface and speed). Fuel tank provides extra 600 km.

Krampus interior is sized accordingly to fit military personnel with combat gear. It also has racing-type seats with seatbelts. Cargo can be put or strapped in rear cargo area. Car is fitted with infrared lights, tow hooks.

Car was developed and manufactured in Lithuania. During 2022, wheel-mounted reduction gear was added, giving extra 1.9 ratio and higher clearance (36 cm). Krampus is a test platform for remote control system, capable of controlling vehicle up to 1 km range at non-line-of-sight conditions.

As of 2023, new production version of Krampus (Mk2) is under development. It will have higher performance in terms of both power and electric range - 56 kWh battery and 160 kW drivetrain on each axle.

References

External links 
Official website

Off-road vehicles
Hybrid vehicles
Experimental vehicles