omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
András Lévai. András Lévai (22 December 1908  -  23 April 2003) was a Hungarian scientist in the field of electrical engineering, professor, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Biography 
He was born in 1908 in Oravița, Romania.

He graduated from the Technical College in Graz in 1926 and continued his education at the Technical College of Vienna, from which he graduated in 1931. After graduation, from 1932 to 1939, he worked as the chief engineer of the Titan-Nedrag-Klan metallurgical plant, and from 1939 to 1940, as an engineer for refining in Ploiești.

In 1940, he immigrated from Romania to [Hungary. From 1940 to 1946, he worked at the steelworks and metallurgical plants in Chepel. From 1962 to 1967, he was deputy minister of heavy industry in Hungary.

In parallel with administrative work, he was engaged in teaching activities. From 1953 to 1976, he was a professor at the Chair of Heat Power Engineering at the Technical University of Budapest, from 1976 to 1978 he was a professor at the university, from 1969 to 1972, he was Deputy President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (BME). In the mid-1970s he taught in the Soviet Union to the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. From 1999 until his death, he was an honorary professor at the Technical University.

He was engaged in research on the practical use of various systems of power plants, was engaged in the modernization of existing in the country power plants, increasing their efficiency, eliminating pollution by power plants of the environment. Since the mid-1950s he studied the issues of locating nuclear power plants in the country. In 1982, with his direct participation, the first Hungarian nuclear power plant, the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, was put into operation.

Literature 
 Gazdaságossági kérdések egységes megítélésének szempontjai erőművek tervezésénél. Budapest: Mérnöki Továbbképző Intézet. 1951.
 Hőerőművek I–II. Budapest: Jegyzetsokszorosító. 1951.
 Atomerőművek. Budapest: Felsőoktatási Jegyzetellátó. 1956.
 Elméleti reaktortechnika I–III. Budapest: Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem. 1960–1963.
 Hőerőművek. Budapest: Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem. 1961.
 Reaktorszerkezetek. Budapest: Országos Atomenergia Bizottság. 1961.
 Atomtechnika I–IV. Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó. 1964.
 Maschinentechnische Einrichtungen der Wärmekraftwerke I–II. Leipzig: Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie. 1966–1968.

References 

People from Oravița
Academic staff of Moscow Power Engineering Institute
Hungarian scientists
TU Wien alumni
1908 births
2003 deaths
Pyrosilicate. A pyrosilicate is a type of chemical compound; either an ionic compound that contains the pyrosilicate anion , or an organic compound with the hexavalent  ≡-O-≡ group. The anion is also called disilicate or diorthosilicate.

Ionic pyrosilicates can be considered salts of the unstable pyrosilicic acid, .  Unlike the acid, the salts can be stable.  Indeed, pyrosilicates occur widely in nature as a class of silicate minerals, specifically the sorosilicates - though some sorosilicate minerals, such as gehlenite, replace one of the silicon atoms with tetracoordinated aluminium or boron, giving the isostructural anions  and .

Some notable synthetic pyrosilicates include
 sodium pyrosilicate , a possible component of water glass.
 sodium iron(II) pyrosilicate , a potential cathode material for batteries.
 sodium manganese(II) pyrosilicate , another potential cathode material.

Structure
The pyrosilicate anion can be described as two  tetrahedra that share a vertex (an oxygen atom).  The vertices that are not shared carry a negative charge each.

The structure of solid sodium pyrosilicate was described by Volker Kahlenberg and others in 2010.

Yuri Smolin and Yuri Shepelev determined in 1970 the crystal structures of pyrosilicates of rare earth elements with generic formula , where "Ln" stands for either one of lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, yttrium, erbium, thulium, or ytterbium.  They were found to belong to four distinct crystallographic classes, determined by the size of the cation.  Other researchers also studied yttrium pyrosilicate ., gadolinium pyrosilicate ., and  scandium pyrosilicate .

Preparation
Rare earth pyrosilicates  can be obtained by fusing the corresponding oxide  with silica in 1:2 molar ratio,  Single crystals can be grown by the Verneuil process or the Czochralski method.

Industrial pyrosilicate can be produced by the depolymerisation of metasilicate by alkali, which releases water on breaking the  bond. This proceeds according to the idealised equation

Additional alkali will degrade the bonds further, instead yielding orthosilicate.

References

Silicon oxyanions
Sorosilicates
Kathleen Madden. Kathleen Marie Madden is an American mathematician who works in dynamical systems. She was the dean of the School of Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering at California State University, Bakersfield.  She won the George Pólya Award and is the co-author of the book Discovering Discrete Dynamical Systems.

Education and career
Madden did her undergraduate studies at the University of Colorado. She then spent two years with the Peace Corps teaching mathematics in Cameroon before returning to the US for graduate study.
She completed her Ph.D. in 1994 at the University of Maryland, College Park; her dissertation, On the Existence and Consequences of Exotic Cocycles, was supervised by Nelson G. Markley.

Before joining California State University, Bakersfield as associate dean in 2015,
she was a faculty member in the mathematics department at Lafayette College
and then at Drew University, where she also served as chair of the department and associate dean. At California State University, Bakersfield, she was appointed interim dean in 2016 and permanent dean in 2017.  She served in this position until 2021, at which time she retired to a part-time position in the faculty.

Books and recognition
In 1998, Madden and Aimee Johnson won the George Pólya Award for their joint paper on aperiodic tiling, "Putting the Pieces Together: Understanding Robinson's Nonperiodic Tilings". In 2017, Madden, Johnson, and their co-author Ayşe Şahin published the textbook Discovering Discrete Dynamical Systems through the Mathematical Association of America.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Dynamical systems theorists
University of Colorado alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Lafayette College faculty
Drew University faculty
California State University, Bakersfield faculty
20th-century American women mathematicians
21st-century American women mathematicians
Hefei–Wuhan high-speed railway. The Hefei–Wuhan high-speed railway (also referred to in Chinese as the Hewu high-speed railway) is  a high-speed railway line between  and  currently under construction in China. The line is  long and has a design speed of . It will form part of the Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu high-speed railway. On 2 January 2024, the railway started construction and it is expected to be completed in 2028. It will parallel the higher-speed Hefei–Wuhan railway.

References 

High-speed railway lines in China
High-speed railway lines under construction
D3Energy. D3Energy is a company that sells floating solar panels in the United States. D3Energy provides services such as engineering, project development, operations and maintenance, financing, procurement & construction, and Hydrelio distribution.

History
In 2013, D3Energy entered into a partnership with the French company Ciel & Terre to develop and distribute floating solar in the United States, predominantly in states like Florida and New Jersey. Ciel & Terre have been developing large-scale solar power plants since 2006.  Since 2011 they have provided floating solar array systems.

Projects
On February 18, 2017, Ciel & Terre and D3 Energy installed a 31.5 kWp floating array in Central Florida. This was a partnership with the Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) and the largest floating solar photovoltaic system in Florida to date. 

In October 2023, D3Energy partnered with Del-Co Water, a central Ohio water utility with operations in 8 counties,  to create a floating solar project in Ohio. The floating installation will use the Hydrelio floating system, rooftop installations and carport installations. It is due to be complete in late spring 2024.

References

Electric power companies of the United States
Companies based in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Energy companies established in 2013
Renewable resource companies established in 2013
2013 establishments in Florida
American companies established in 2013
Renewable energy companies of the United States
Ragnar Holm. Ragnar Holm (born 6May 1879 in Skara, Sweden, died on 27February 1970 at St. Marys, Pennsylvania, USA), was a Swedish physicist and researcher in electrical engineering, who was partially active in Germany and the United States.

Career
In 1904, Holm became licentiate in philosophy (PhL) at Uppsala University, and earned his PhD in 1908. From 1906 to 1908 he studied at the University of Göttingen in Germany. In 1908 to 1909 he was a lecturer in Stockholm. Between 1909 and 1919 he worked as a physicist for Siemens & Halske in Berlin. In 1919 to 1921 he was a physicist and teacher at the  in Stockholm, and between 1921 and 1927 associate professor at the . Between 1927 and 1945 he worked again for Siemens & Halske. From 1947 he was a consulting physicist at Stackpole Carbon Company in St. Marys, Pennsylvania.

Research
Holm's research area included the study of electrical discharges, but his main focus was on electrical contacts, where he was a world-leading authority. His book Electric Contacts, originally published in 1946, is still used as a standard work in the field (in its fourth edition of 1967).

He also made significant contributions to the field of tribology, specifically predicting wear.

The Swedish  (KTHB) maintains a special literature collection (Holm Collection) related to Ragnar Holm's research.

Awards
In 1963, Holm received the International Award from the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. In 1968, he was awarded the Mayo D. Hersey Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Death and legacy
Holm died on 27February 1970 at his home in St. Marys, Pennsylvania. His funeral was held in Sweden at Skara Cathedral on the 14August 1970 where his ashes were interred. An obituary to Holm was published in Physics Today (American Institute of Physics). In 1971, the year after Holm's death, the IEEE established the Ragnar Holm Scientific Achievement Award ("Ragnar Holm Award") for efforts in the field of electrical contacts. The prize has been awarded annually since 1972.

Since 1999, the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) has distributed the Ragnar Holm plaque to a young physicist at the beginning of the research career, after assessing dissertations and articles in physics, primarily related to Holm's previous research on electrical contacts. Every second year, the plaque is awarded to a Swedish recipient, and every two years the selection is international.

See also
 Archard wear equation

References

1879 births
1970 deaths
Swedish physicists
Uppsala University alumni
University of Göttingen alumni
Swedish educators

Tribologists
Swedish expatriates in Germany
Swedish expatriates in the United States
Implantable myoelectric sensors. An implantable myoelectric sensor (IMES) is a sensor implanted in or near a muscular region of the body in order to read the electric outputs of the muscles. This allows the device to measure the exact degree of activation of the muscle. This device is primarily used in disabled individuals as a detection module that feeds information regarding movement to externally powered and controlled prosthetics (e.g. synthetic arm, leg, etc.). The IMES was invented by Dr. Richard F. ff. Weir of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and Dr. Philip Troyk of the Illinois Institute of Technology, with the first experimental studies performed by Jack F. Schorsch of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. 

IMES are an implantable electromyographic sensor meaning that they work by picking up on the electrical outputs of muscles. They do this by detecting the electrical potential across the terminal electrodes of this device. These potentials are representative of the electrical activity of nearby muscles. After acquisition, the potentials are amplified and digitized before transmission. Transmission occurs over a band separated tx/rx link. Generally multiple IMES are implanted into discrete muscles or muscle compartments to increase the sensitivity of the individual implant for that muscle. The IMES control unit is capable of allocating total available bandwidth across the number of implants in the system, and supports up to 16 implants on an individual base station. By using multiple implants, it is possible to use machine learning and pattern recognition techniques to estimate movement intent.

Power and data transmission are accomplished over a shared inductive link. There are no internal batteries for the IMES device, and no dedicated onboard memory resources for the implanted, and it must remain within the inductive power field to operate.

See also 
 Myoelectric Prosthesis

References 

 
 
 
 

Electrodiagnosis
Neurophysiology
Prosthetics
Rehabilitation medicine
Marhamtabad Airstrip. Marhamtabad Airstrip is an airstrip situated at Marhamtabad in Kanpur Dehat of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is owned by the Uttar Pradesh Government.

The Airport Authority of India (AAI) requested the Government of Uttar Pradesh to provide a 300-metre-wide and three-kilometre-long piece of land in the Kanpur Dehat district to develop an airport of international standards in 2013. The project was approved in 2015 when the Civil Aviation Department of Uttar Pradesh granted the permission to set up an airstrip at Marahmatabad village near Shivli. The construction work of the airstrip was completed by 2018 and trial run of an aeroplane was done by civil aviation department in 2018.

References

Airports in Uttar Pradesh
Kanpur Dehat district
2018 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Airports established in 2018
Goal structuring notation. Goal structuring notation (GSN) is a graphical diagram notation used to show the elements of an argument and the relationships between those elements in a clearer format than plain text. Often used in safety engineering, GSN was developed at the University of York during the 1990s to present safety cases. The notation gained popularity as a method of presenting safety assurances but can be applied to any type of argument and was standardized in 2011.
GSN has been used to track safety assurances in industries such as clinical care aviation, automotive, rail, traffic management, and nuclear power and has been used in other contexts such as security cases, patent claims, debate strategy, and legal arguments.

History 
The goal structuring notation was first developed at the University of York during the ASAM-II (A Safety Argument Manager II) project in the early 1990s, to overcome perceived issues in expressing safety arguments using the Toulmin method. The notation was further developed and expanded by Tim Kelly, whose PhD thesis contributed systematic methods for constructing and maintaining GSN diagrams, and the concept of ′safety case patterns′ to promote the re-use of argument fragments. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the GSN methodology was taught in the Safety Critical Systems Engineering course at York, and various extensions to the GSN methodology were proposed by Kelly and other members of the university's High Integrity Systems Engineering group, led by Prof John McDermid.

By 2007, goal structuring notation was sufficiently popular that a group of industry and academic users came together to standardise the notation and its surrounding methodology, resulting in the publication of the GSN Community Standard in 2011. From 2014, maintenance of the GSN standard moved under the auspices of the SCSC's Assurance Case Working Group.  As at 2022, the standard has reached Version 3.

Criticism 
Charles Haddon-Cave in his review of the Nimrod accident commented that the top goal of a GSN argument can drive a conclusion that is already assumed, such as that a platform is deemed acceptably safe.  This could lead to the safety case becoming a "self-fulfilling prophesy", giving a "warm sense of over-confidence" rather than highlighting uncertainties, gaps in knowledge or areas where the mitigation argument was not straightforward. This had already been recognised by Habli and Kelly, who warned that a GSN diagram was just a depiction, not the safety case itself, and likened it to Magritte's painting The Treachery of Images. Haddon-Cave also criticised the practice of consultants producing "outsize GSN charts" that could be yards long and became an end in themselves rather than an aid to structured thinking.

See also 
 Design rationale

References 

Safety
Diagrams
Notation
John F. Archard. John Frederick Archard (1918–1989) was a British engineer known for his wear studies.

Career
Archard went to the
Worthing High School for Boys before he entered the University College of Southampton. Afterwards, he served six years in the Royal Air Force (RAF), including at the headquarters of Coastal Command. As a member of the RAF radar staff, he also made a trip to Washington.

In 1946, he returned to Southampton for postgraduate research in optics.

Starting in 1949 he worked in the surface physics section of the Associated Electrical Industries Research Laboratory, where he investigated the lubrication of heavily loaded contacts.

In the 1950s he developed an analytical model used to describe abrasive wear based on the theory of contact of asperities, which became known in the literature as wear equation or Archard equation.

Archard was a reader at Leicester University until his retirement in the early 1980s. He ran a successful experimental tribology research program.

He was a Fellow of the Physical Society and of the Institute of Physics.

In 1989 he received the Mayo D. Hersey Award for his scientific contributions in the field of tribology.

Private life
Archard lived in Tilehurst, was married and had two sons.

See also
 Archard wear equation

References

1918 births
1989 deaths
20th-century British engineers
English mechanical engineers
Tribologists
People educated at Worthing High School
Bangarmau Airstrip. Bangarmau Airstrip Naseerpur Bhikhan (Hindi: बांगरमऊ एयरस्ट्रिप) नसीरपुर भिक्खन is an airstrip located at Village Naseerpur Bhikhan  in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The airstrip is a part of the Agra Lucknow Expressway and belongs to the Indian Air Force. Naseerpur Bhikhan Air Strip Bangarmau is first expressway air strip in India; fighter plane Mirage 2000,Jaguar has successfully landed here ,.
Airstrip length is more than 3 km
On 27 October 2017, the Indian Air Force aircraft like Mirage 2000 fighter planes, heavy-lift and all-weather Hercules K-130 aircraft and transport aircraft AN-30 on this airstrip located in the border of village Nasirpur Bhikkhan of Bangarmau. Created history by landing 20 fighter planes on the airstrip of this expressway
This airstrip of Nasirpur Bhikkhan is very important from strategic point of view. China and Pakistan border is very close from here;
Nasirapur air strip is India's most modern air strip located on Bangarmau Expressway. The view around this air strip is very beautiful and scenic. This air strip is situated in the middle of lush green fields. It has also become a selfie point for the people. Expressway People passing by stop here for some time and take pictures etc.

References

Indian Air Force bases
Unnao district
Highway strips
Tamakoshi River. The Tamakoshi River  () is part of the Koshi or Sapta Koshi river system in Nepalese Himalayas. It originates from the  (or Rongshar Tsangpo) and Lapchi Gang rivers close to the Nepal-Tibet border. It flows in a southern direction through Bagmati Province in Nepal, namely through Dolakha District and Ramechhap District.

Infrastructures

Hydropower 
Just above the confluence of Rolwaling Chu, Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project has been operating since July 2021; currently it is the largest hydroelectric project in Nepal, with a power output equivalent to two-thirds of Nepal's current power generation.
 Down the river in the bank, Khimti Power Plant, which was built between 1996 and 2000 is located in Khimti providing 60 MW from Khimti River.
Sipring Khola Hydropower Station (10 MW)

References

Rivers of Bagmati Province
Hunter 26. The Hunter 26 is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Rob Mazza and first built in 1994.

Production
The boat was built by Hunter Marine in the United States from 1994 to 1997, but it is now out of production.

The Hunter 26 design was developed into the similar Hunter 260 in 1997.

Design

The Hunter 26 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, a transom-hung rudder and a centerboard. It displaces  and carries  of flooding water ballast. The ballast is drained for road transport.

The boat has a draft of  with the centerboard extended and  retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Hunter 260

Similar sailboats
Beneteau First 26
Beneteau First 265
C&C 26
C&C 26 Wave
Contessa 26
Dawson 26
Discovery 7.9
Grampian 26
Herreshoff H-26
Hunter 26.5
Hunter 260
MacGregor 26
Mirage 26
Nash 26
Nonsuch 26
Outlaw 26
Paceship PY 26
Pearson 26
Parker Dawson 26
Sandstream 26
Tanzer 26
Yamaha 26

References

External links

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Rob Mazza
Sailboat types built by Hunter Marine
1993 Everest Air Dornier 228 crash. On 31 July 1993, a Dornier 228 passenger turboprop operated by Nepalese airline Everest Air crashed in Tanahun District near Chule Ghopte hill, Nepal. The crash killed all of the 19 passengers and crew on board.

Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Dornier 228 bearing the registration 9N-ACL. It was built by Dornier Flugzeugwerke in 1984 and was operated by several German airlines and later in the Marshall Islands before being purchased by Everest Air in 1992.

Accident 
The aircraft was flying from Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu to Bharatpur Airport. There were sixteen passengers, two pilots and a flight attendant on board. After taking off at 14:29 local time (10:29 UTC), there was normal contact until 14:45. After that time, contact was lost. The plane crashed at 14:51. The wreckage was found on Chule Ghopte hill.

Passengers and crew 
The plane was flown by a Nepali captain and an Indian first officer. Another pilot of Nepal Airlines presumed that the co-pilot was unaware of the mountainous terrain of Nepal. Most of the Nepali passengers were employees of the Ministry of Health on their way to Terrai areas affected by the 1993 Nepal floods.

Investigation
The Government of Nepal set up an investigation committee a few days after the accident. It is assumed that the failing Non-Directional Beacon at Bharatpur Airport led to the accident. The device was not working due to recent heavy flooding in the area.

See also
 List of airplane accidents in Nepal

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1993
Aviation accidents and incidents in Nepal
1993 in Nepal
Accidents and incidents involving the Dornier 228
1993 disasters in Nepal
July 1993 events in Asia