omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Innovative Technology Experiences for Students. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program was established in 2003 to address the looming shortage of technology workers in the United States. ITEST engages students and teachers in authentic, hands-on learning experiences in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (commonly referred to as 'STEM' or 'SET' [more common in the U.K.]).

As of early 2012, the program is in its ninth year. Over 195 individual projects across 43 states have been funded. It has impacted:
 over 225,800 students, grades 6–12
 over 8,000 teachers
 over 3,000 parents and caregivers

The ITEST Learning Resource Center (ITEST LRC) at Education Development Center assists the projects in building bridges between formal and informal learning by facilitating an inclusive community of practice. Findings and lessons learned are shared nationally to improve policy and practice. Visit the website with the link below, or view a 2-page overview (Snapshot).

External links
 https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=5467
 http://itestlrc.edc.org/
 http://itestlrc.edc.org/sites/itestlrc.edc.org/files/Snapshot_2012_Final.pdf

National Science Foundation
Science education
Octyldodecanol. Octyldodecanol is a branched-chain primary alcohol used as the isomer 2-octyl-1-dodecanol in cosmetics such as lipstick, or as an anti-blooming agent in facepowder. It is a medium spreading emollient, with equilibrium spreading pressure of 17.0 dyne/cm. Octyldodecanol is in the class of Guerbet alcohols, because it has the branch at the β position. Compared to arachidyl alcohol, the linear alcohol of the same molecular weight, it has a lower melting point, yet retains low volatility.

Production
2-Octyldodecanol is produced by the Guerbet condensation of decyl alcohol.

Reactions
When octyldodecanol is melted with an alkali it yields octyldodecanoic acid by a dehydrogenation reaction.

References

Fatty alcohols
Primary alcohols
Cosmetics chemicals
NASA Astronaut Group 15. NASA Astronaut Group 15 ("The Flying Escargot") was a group of 23 NASA astronauts announced on December 8, 1994. Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, in reference to two members of the group being from France. The group featured ten pilots, nine mission specialists, and four international mission specialist trainees from France, Canada and Japan.

Three members of this group, Rick Husband, Michael P. Anderson, and Kalpana Chawla,  died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. These three received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.

Another member of the group Pamela Melroy, currently serves as Deputy Administrator of NASA, taking office on June 21, 2021, having been appointed by US President Joe Biden.

Pilots
Scott Altman
Pilot, STS-90  (Neurolab)
Pilot, STS-106 
Commander, STS-109 
Commander, STS-125 
Jeffrey Ashby
Pilot, STS-93 
Pilot, STS-100 
Commander, STS-112 
Michael Bloomfield
Pilot, STS-86 
Pilot, STS-97 
Commander, STS-110 
Joe F. Edwards, Jr. 
Pilot, STS-89 
Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie
Pilot, STS-91 
Pilot, STS-99 
Commander, STS-108 
Commander, STS-123 
Rick Husband
Pilot, STS-96 
Commander, STS-107 †
Steven Lindsey
Pilot, STS-87 
Pilot, STS-95 
Commander, STS-104 
Commander, STS-121 
Commander, STS-133 
Pamela Melroy
Pilot, STS-92 
Pilot, STS-112 
Commander, STS-120 
Susan L. Still-Kilrain
Pilot, STS-83 
Pilot, STS-94 
Frederick Sturckow
Pilot, STS-88 
Pilot, STS-105 
Commander, STS-117 
Commander, STS-128

Mission Specialists
Michael P. Anderson
Mission Specialist, STS-89 
Mission Specialist, STS-107 †
Kalpana Chawla
Mission Specialist, STS-87 
Mission Specialist, STS-107 †
Robert Curbeam
Mission Specialist, STS-85 
Mission Specialist, STS-98 
Mission Specialist, STS-116 
Kathryn Hire
Mission Specialist, STS-90 
Mission Specialist, STS-130 
Janet Kavandi
STS-91 
STS-99 
STS-104 
Edward Tsang Lu
Mission Specialist, STS-84 
Mission Specialist, STS-104 
Flight Engineer, Soyuz TMA-2
Flight Engineer, Expedition 7
Carlos I. Noriega
Mission Specialist, STS-84 
Mission Specialist, STS-97 
James F. Reilly
STS-89 
STS-104 
STS-117 
Stephen Robinson 
STS-85 
STS-95 
STS-114 
STS-130

International mission specialists 
Jean-Loup Chrétien (France)
Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz T-6
Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz TM-6/TM-7 (Mir Aragatz)
Mission Specialist, STS-86  
Takao Doi (Japan)
Mission Specialist, STS-87 
Mission Specialist, STS-123 
Michel Tognini (France)
Research Cosmonaut, Soyuz TM-15/TM-14
Mission Specialist, STS-93 
Dafydd Williams (Canada)
Mission Specialist, STS-90 
Mission Specialist, STS-118

References

External links

NASA Astronaut Corps
Lists of astronauts
Kalpana Chawla
1994 in spaceflight
1994 establishments in the United States
Raj Hamsa Ultralights. Raj Hamsa Ultralights is an Indian private limited company and  ultralight aircraft manufacturer, founded in 1980 at Pondicherry, India by Joel Koechlin (of the Koechlin family) of France. The company is one of India's largest aircraft manufacturers and is the only producer of commercial microlight aircraft. It started in 1980 producing hang gliders, introduced powered hang gliders in 1983 and the X-Air line of microlights in 1993. By 2007, the company had produced over 1,000 aircraft.

The company's headquarters and sole manufacturing facility is located at Bangalore, India. The company employs 30-35 people and produces about 100 aircraft kits annually.

The company's X-Air 'S' and 'F' models have been successful in the market and are exported widely. The new Hawk model, known as Hanuman in India, is currently awaiting Indian and UK certification. The ultralights manufactured by Raj Hamsa are some of the least expensive available in India and many parts of the world.

The company is a factory agent for Jabiru Aircraft engines.

Aircraft

X-Air
The X-Air was the first aircraft produced by the company. A total of 1300 X-Air F and S have been exported by the company. Standard equipment is a Rotax 582 and basic instruments. The XAir is certified to UK BCAR Section "S".

X-Air Hanuman
This model is based upon the X-Air "F" Gumnam, with a more conventional nose-mounted engine configuration. Designed for leisure flying and flight training the Jabiru 2200 and Rotax 582 engines are optional. This aircraft is . The aircraft is known in North America as the X-AIR "H"

Voyager
A two-seat cross-country capable ultralight trike powered by a Rotax 503 or Jabiru 2200.

Clipper
A two-seat  ultralight trike powered by a Rotax 503 engine designed for training and recreational flying.

Certification
The X-Air and Hanuman are both accepted by Transport Canada as Advanced Ultra-light Aeroplanes in Canada.

The Hanuman is an approved US Federal Aviation Administration Light sport aircraft as the model X-Air XA85.

References

External links

Raj Hamsa's Indian website
Raj Hamsa's US website

Aircraft manufacturers of India
Manufacturing companies based in Bengaluru
1980 establishments in Pondicherry
Indian companies established in 1980
Manufacturing companies established in 1980
Tondi Elektroonika. Tondi Elektroonika, formerly known as  ('Tallinn Semiconductor Resistor Factory'),  ('Tallinn Radiotechnical Factory named after Hans Pöögelmann') and  ('Hans Pöögelmann Electrotechnical Factory'), as well as Factory A-1381, was a factory for electrotechnical components located in Tallinn, Estonia. It was a significant component of the Soviet military-industrial complex.

When the centralization of the USSR economy resumed in 1966, the national councils were abolished and the factory was subordinated to Moscow and renamed Factory A-1381. As the public name of the numeric factory was not allowed to contain location, the factory was named after September 1, 1966, as the Hans Pöögelmann electrical engineering factory (the electrical engineering factory (abbreviation ETT)). Under this name, the company operated in all its glory to the formation of Tondi electronics in 1991. During this time, the P-N-P-type bipolar transistors and thyristors, the P-channel output transistors and the transistor pair and the outdoor transistor input were produced. In addition, there were some consumer products in production and hearing -proofs about medical electronics.

Production

Components 

The factory has manufactured photoresistors, varistors, transistors, thyristors and microchips.

From 1959 to 1978, the factory manufactured temperature-sensitive photoresistors 04-AN (in Cyrillic: ) for use in Soviet military rocket guidance systems.  This brought the factory under the official military-industrial complex umbrella, and the factory was assigned a number — A-1381 — and the location reference was removed from the factory's name.

Consumer products 

The factory has manufactured consumer-grade battery systems, electric fence systems, car engine diagnostics devices and even souvenir radio sets.  Since 1979, an important — and by 2008, the main — line of production has been hearing aids, peaking in 1989 at 176,500 units manufactured.

Recreational activities 

The mixed choir Helitron was initially set up to cater to employees of Tondi Elektroonika.

Current status 

Currently, AS Tondi Elektroonika manufactures mainly hearing aids.

References

External links
 Official website

Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Engineering companies of Estonia
Hearing aid manufacturers
Economy of Tallinn
History of Tallinn
1950s establishments in Estonia
Estonian brands
Electronics companies of the Soviet Union
Tin(IV) fluoride. Tin(IV) fluoride is a chemical compound of tin and fluorine with the chemical formula SnF4 and is a white solid with a melting point above 700 °C.

SnF4 can be prepared by the reaction of tin metal with fluorine gas:
Sn + 2F2 → SnF4
However, a passivating metal fluoride layer will be created and the surface will eventually become unreactive.  An alternative synthesis is the reaction of SnCl4 with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride:
SnCl4 + 4HF → SnF4 + 4HCl
With alkali metal fluorides (e.g. KF) hexafluorostannates are produced (e.g.K2SnF6), which contain the octahedral SnF62− anion. SnF4 behaves as a Lewis acid and adducts L2·SnF4 and L·SnF4 have been produced.

Structure 
Unlike the other tin tetrahalides, tin(IV) chloride, tin(IV) bromide, and tin(IV) iodide, which contain tetrahedrally coordinated tin, tin(IV) fluoride contains planar layers of octahedrally coordinated tin, where the octahedra share four corners and there are two terminal, unshared, fluorine atoms trans to one another. The melting point of SnF4 is much higher (700 °C) than the other tin(IV) halides which are relatively low melting, (SnCl4, −33.3 °C; SnBr4, 31 °C; SnI4, 144 °C). The structure can also be contrasted with the tetrafluorides of the lighter members of group 14, (CF4, SiF4 and GeF4) which in the solid state form molecular crystals.

See also
Stannous fluoride

References 

Fluorides
Tin(IV) compounds
Metal halides
SCSI / ATA Translation. SCSI / ATA Translation (SAT) is a set of standards developed by the T10 subcommittee, defining how to communicate with ATA devices through a SCSI application layer.  The standard attempts to be consistent with the SCSI architectural model, the SCSI Primary Commands, and the SCSI Block Commands standards.

The standard allows for translation of SCSI read and write commands.

The standard also provides the ability to control exactly what ATA operations are executed on a target device by defining three new SCSI operation codes:
 ATA PASS THROUGH (A1h, 12-byte) – 28-bit ATA command without  or  fields
 ATA PASS THROUGH (85h, 16-byte) – 28- or 48-bit ATA command without  or  fields
 ATA PASS THROUGH (7Fh/1FF0h, 32-byte) – 28- or 48-bit ATA command with  or  fields

History 
The first SAT standard was finalized in 2007 and published as ANSI INCITS 431–2007. It was succeeded by SAT-2 published as INCITS 465 in 2009, and SAT-3, which was finalized by T10 and is expected to be published as INCITS 517 in 2014. SAT-4 is in development. SAT has also been adopted in 2008 as an ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 standard, namely ISO/IEC 14776-921.

SAT-2 was finalized in 2009. Significant additions in SAT-2 are ATAPI translations, NCQ control, 
persistent reservations, non-volatile cache translation, and ATA security mode translations. The standard also defines a new data structure returned in the sense data known as the ATA Return Descriptor that contains the ATA taskfile registers. SAT-2 was promulgated as ISO/IEC 14776–922 in 2011.

SAT-3 was finalized in 2014, and SAT-4 in 2016. Since the standards have become ANSI standards, the drafts are inaccessible to the public. SAT-4 added a 32-byte  ATA PASS-THROUGH command. This version of the command support additional  and  fields used by some ATA commands.
Work on SAT-5 began in 2017. , it has not yet become a standard, making its drafts freely available.

Applications
SAT is useful for enabling ATA-device-specific commands in a number of scenarios:
 SATA disks attached to SAS controllers
 [P]ATA or SATA disks attached via USB bridges (which actually speak SCSI over the wire either using the older USB Mass Storage Bulk-Only Transfer protocol or the newer USB Attached SCSI protocol). 
 [P]ATA or SATA disks attached via FireWire bridges (which speak SCSI SBP-2 over the wire)
 Some USB external storage devices, including some USB flash drives, are using SAT to achieve some advanced features like wear leveling and/or TRIM

A problem with many SAT implementations is that when two or more ATA devices are attached to the same SAT interface, the ATA passthrough only serves one device. This causes issues with fetching S.M.A.R.T. data, since only one device can be addressed.

See also 
 Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
 ATA Packet Interface – the inverse, but only for non-hard drives

References

SCSI
AT Attachment
14776-921
American National Standards Institute standards
USB
Transport planning professional (UK). Chartered Transport Planning Professional is a professional qualification for transport planners which has been developed by the Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation and the Transport Planning Society. The professional qualification was given Chartered status in August 2019. It has been designed to provide professional recognition for transport planners at a level that equates to that of chartered engineer. The qualification requires candidates to have a range of technical competencies, provide a portfolio of evidence, and undertake a professional review.

The qualification is split into five sections:
 Knowledge and understanding of transport planning procedures and techniques
 Application of transport planning procedures and techniques
 Professional leadership
 Interpersonal skills
 Commitment and professional conduct

Those awarded transport planning professional status are entitled to use the  postnominal letters CTPP.

External links
 Official Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation TPP web page
 Transport Planning Professional web site
 First Chartered Transport Planning Professionals news article
 Professional ISO Training
Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom
Professional titles and certifications
Transportation planning
List of Vickers Wellington operators. The Vickers Wellington is a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber aircraft that was produced from 1936 to 1945 and used throughout World War II. It was operated by a number of nations and service branches around the world.

Operators

Australia
Royal Australian Air Force
No. 458 Squadron RAAF Code letters "FU"
No. 460 Squadron RAAF Code letters "UV" and "AR"
No. 466 Squadron RAAF Code letters "HD"

Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force
No. 405 Squadron RCAF 'Vancouver Squadron' Code letters "LQ"
No. 407 Squadron RCAF    Code Letters "RR"
No. 415 Squadron RCAF    Code Letters "6U"
No. 419 Squadron RCAF 'Moose Squadron' Code letters "VR"
No. 420 Squadron RCAF 'Snowy Owl Squadron' Code letters "PT"
No. 424 Squadron RCAF 'Tiger Squadron' Code letters "QB"
No. 425 Squadron RCAF 'Alouette Squadron' Code letters "KW"
No. 426 Squadron RCAF 'Thunderbird Squadron' Code letters "OW"
No. 427 Squadron RCAF 'Lion Squadron' Code letters "ZL"
No. 428 Squadron RCAF 'Ghost Squadron' Code letters "NA"
No. 429 Squadron RCAF 'Bison Squadron' Code letters "AL"
No. 431 Squadron RCAF    Code Letters "SE"
No. 432 Squadron RCAF 'Leaside Squadron' Code letters "QO"

Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakian Air Force in exile in Great Britain
No. 311 (Czechoslovak) Squadron Code letters "KX"

Free France
Free French Air Force
No. 326 Squadron RAF
No. 344 Squadron RAF

France
Aéronavale
Flottille 2.F (earlier No. 344 Squadron RAF) operated Wellingtons between 1945 and 1952.
Escadrille 55.S operated Wellingtons between 1948 and 1952.

Nazi Germany

Luftwaffe
2./Versuchsverband OKL operated a few captured aircraft.

Greece
Hellenic Air Force
No. 13 Squadron RHAF
No. 355 Squadron RHAF operated Wellingtons after WW2, mainly for transport duties.

New Zealand
RNZAF received 30 Wellington Mark I's before WW2, the first 18 of which were training with the RAF when in August 1939 they were loaned, together with aircrew, to the UK, forming the unit which later became No. 75 Squadron RNZAF.

Royal New Zealand Air Force
No. 75 Squadron RNZAF, Code letters "AA", "JN"

Poland

Polish Air Forces in exile in Great Britain
No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron "Land of Masovia" Code letters "BH"
No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron "Land of Pomerania" Code letters "GR"
No. 304 Polish Bomber Squadron "Land of Silesia" Code letters "NZ" and "2"
No. 305 Polish Bomber Squadron "Land of Greater Poland" Squadron Code "SM"

Portugal
Portuguese Air Force
One Vickers Wellington was interned in Portugal during World War II.

South Africa
South African Air Force
17 Squadron SAAF
26 Squadron SAAF
28 Squadron SAAF

United Kingdom
Royal Air Force

Fleet Air Arm
716 Naval Air Squadron
728 Naval Air Squadron
736 Naval Air Squadron
758 Naval Air Squadron
762 Naval Air Squadron
765 Naval Air Squadron
783 Naval Air Squadron

References

Citations

Bibliography 

 History of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Christopher Shores, Royce Publications, Toronto, 1984

Lists of military units and formations by aircraft
Wellington
Almirante Cervera-class cruiser. The Almirante Cervera class (or Alfonso class) were three light cruisers built for the Spanish Navy in the 1920s. The ships were built by Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval in Ferrol which had strong British links and were designed by Sir Philip Watts. It has often been stated that the design was based on the British , but this seems not in fact to have been the case, although they were clearly an inspiration for the concept of the Spanish ships. The main armament comprised Vickers pattern 6-inch guns with single mountings in "A" and "Y" positions and twin turrets in "B", "Q" and "X" positions. The programme was initially authorised in 1915 but was delayed by World War I with construction of the first ship starting in 1917.

Galicia and Miguel de Cervantes had substantial refits in the 1940s. The 6-inch turret in "Q" position was replaced by a catapult for a seaplane and the single 6-inch mountings were replaced by twins to retain an 8 gun broadside. Extra AA guns were fitted in all three ships.

Ships

Service history
Principe Alfonso conveyed King Alfonso XIII on several foreign tours in the late 1920s and in 1931 took him to exile in Italy. During the Spanish Civil War, renamed Libertad, she served in the Spanish Republican Navy and was interned in Bizerte, French Tunisia, at the end of the conflict. She returned to Spain in 1939 and was renamed Galicia. Miguel de Cervantes (named after Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra) was also part the Republican fleet during the civil war and was torpedoed by the  in 1936. The ship was interned in Bizerte and returned to Spain. She was badly damaged by fire in 1943 and repaired. She represented Spain in the Coronation Fleet Review in 1953. Almirante Cervera (named after Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete) served on the Nationalist side in the civil war and was present in most of the major battles.

References

Bibliography

External links

 Buques De Guerra, a Spanish website about warships 

Cruiser classes
Helmut Hölzer. Helmut Hoelzer was a Nazi Germany V-2 rocket engineer who was brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip. Hoelzer was the inventor and constructor of the world's first electronic analog computer.

Life 
In October 1939, while working for the Telefunken electronics firm in Berlin, Hoelzer met with Ernst Steinhoff, Hermann Steuding, and Wernher von Braun regarding guide beams for a flying body. In late 1940 at Peenemünde, Hoelzer was head of the guide beam division (assistant Henry Otto Hirschler), which developed a guide-plane system which alternates a transmitted signal from two antennas a short distance apart, as well as a vacuum tube mixing device () which corrected for momentum that would perturb an object that had been moved back on-track. By the fall of 1941, Hoelzer's "mixing device" was used to provide V-2 rocket rate measurement instead of rate gyros.

Then at the beginning of 1942, Hoelzer built an analog computer to calculate and simulate V-2 rocket trajectories Hoelzer's team also developed the Messina telemetry system. After evacuating Peenemünde for the Alpenfestung (Alpine Fortress), Hoelzer returned to Peenemünde via motorcycle to look for portions of his PhD dissertation prior to surrendering to United States forces at the end of World War II.

Hoelzer was a student of Alwin Walther.

Family 
One of his grandchildren is Olympic swimmer Margaret Hoelzer.

References

Sources

External links
 Helmut Hoelzer Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections

1912 births
1996 deaths
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Early spaceflight scientists
German aerospace engineers
V-weapons people
NASA people
German rocket scientists
German spaceflight pioneers
Operation Paperclip
Engineers from Thuringia
People from Wartburgkreis
Hard Rock Miner's Handbook. The Hard Rock Miner's Handbook is a reference book that deals with the underground hard-rock mining industry. It was written by engineer Jack de la Vergne as a non-profit publication. The first edition was published in 2000 by McIntosh Engineering, a mining engineering consulting company. It is currently in its third printing, is used by thousands of people in the mining industry, including students, professors, miners, engineers and mining executives as a source of practical mining information, as well as "Rules of Thumb" and "Tricks of the trade" are used widely in the mining industry. Copies of the handbook have been distributed to more than 113 countries around the world.

References

Works about mining
Handbooks and manuals
Mining engineering