omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Josiah Brown. Josiah Brown (1816–1875) was an American architect and civil and mill engineer of Fall River, Massachusetts. Among his major surviving projects are the Union Mill No. 1 (1859) and Border City Mill No. 2 (1873), both in Fall River.

Life and career
Josiah Brown was born July 10, 1816, in Smithfield, Rhode Island, to Parley and Lucy (Southwick) Brown. Parley Brown was a methodist minister and was later a resident of East Douglas.

Brown received some education from his father, but he was mostly self-taught. He was a resident of Fall River by 1847, and was noted as an "Architect" in the first Fall River directory of 1853. In some of his early mill projects, Brown was assisted by the prominent machinist and mill superintendent William C. Davol. Brown was also the first employer of William C. Davol Jr., who would later establish the Davol Mills. From 1870 to 1875 William T. Henry, a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was in his office. Brown died July 30, 1875, at which point Henry succeeded to his practice.

The cause of death was Bright's disease.

In addition to his architectural and mill engineering work, Brown was involved in the Hoosac Tunnel project, serving as Chief Assistant Engineer under Thomas Doane, Chief Engineer from 1863 to 1867. He was also involved financially in several of his manufacturing projects. He was both organizer and initial president of the Montaup Mills, incorporated in 1871, and a director of the Robeson Mills, incorporated in 1866. At the time of his death, he was also a director of the Davol Mills, though it is not known if he was the architect.

He was the designer of several works listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places.

Works

Notes

References

Architects from Massachusetts
Architects from Rhode Island
Engineers from Massachusetts
Engineers from Rhode Island
1816 births
1875 deaths
Chemically induced dimerization. Chemically induced dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent. Genetically engineered CID systems are used in biological research to control protein localization, to manipulate signalling pathways and to induce protein activation.

History
The first small molecule CID system was developed in 1993 and used FK1012, a derivative of the drug tacrolimus (FK506), to induce homo-dimerization of FKBP. This system was used in vivo to induce binding between cell surface receptors which could not bind in the normal way because they lacked the transmembrane and extracellular domain. Addition of FK1012 to the cells caused signal transduction.

Chemically induced dimerization systems

Applications
CID has been used for a number of applications in biomedical research. In most applications each dimerizing protein is expressed as part of a fusion construct with other proteins of interest. Adding the chemical dimerizing agent brings both constructs into proximity with each other and induces interactions between the proteins of interest. CID has been used to regulate and monitor gene transcription, signal transduction and post translational modifications in proteins.

Recently, CID has also been used to create a basic component of biocomputers, logic gates, from genetically manipulated cells. In this application, two independent CID systems, one based on plant proteins and one based on bacterial proteins are expressed in the same cell. Each set of proteins can be induced to dimerize by the addition of a separate chemical. By creating fusion proteins with the dimerizing proteins, membrane bound proteins and proteins that activate cell ruffling an AND gate and OR gate can be created that take chemical dimerizing agents as inputs and returns a ruffled or unruffled state as output.

References 

Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Biochemistry methods
Protein–protein interaction assays
Cell biology
Mmamashia. Mmamashia is a location in Botswana about  north of the capital city of Gaborone that is the site of the Mmamashia water treatment plant and master balancing reservoir.

Waterworks

The reservoir and plant are operated and maintained by the Water Utilities Corporation.
The original source of supply was the Bokaa Dam, directly to the north.
Implementation of the North-South Carrier water project in 2000 brought raw water to the plant from the Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse River, much further north.
After treatment the water is distributed to consumers in the Gaborone area.

The reservoir is built of reinforced concrete, and has a capacity of . 
The reservoir is closed to minimize loss through evaporation.  
As of 2003 the plant had capacity of  per day.
That year there was a shortage of water from the Letsibogo Dam, planned to be the primary supply.
Instead, the plant was using water from the Gaborone Dam and water imported from South Africa.

Phase 2 of the North-South Carrier Water Project brings additional water from the Dikgatlhong Dam. 
The additional water is expected to come available in 2014.  The Mmamashia plant will be upgraded with an additional capacity of 45 Ml/d pre-treatment, due to eutrophication at Bokaa, and 45 Ml/day secondary treatment.

Social impact

Thirteen families were forced to move for construction of the Mmamashia regulating pond, receiving compensation. 
Construction of a road from Mmamashia to Malolwane in the Kgatleng District was scheduled to start in June 2008, passing between the Matebeleng and Oodi villages.
The government was compensating farmers who lost land.
In May 2012 six families of squatters at Mmamashia with 37 children were evicted and their homes demolished by the Kgatleng Landboard.
The residents said they had been allocated some of the land by Kgosi Molefi and the rest by Kgosi Linchwe, and had occupied and farmed it for seventy years.

References
Citations

Sources

Infrastructure in Botswana
Buildings and structures in Botswana
Water treatment facilities
Wendell E. Reed. Wendell E. Reed was an aircraft engineer noted primarily for inventing the engine microjet controller (EMC) (, ), for which he was awarded the Wright Brothers Medal in 1955.
Reed's experiences in the USAAF piloting the B-25 kindled a lifelong interest in flight and he later completed his degree at University of Wisconsin in Mechanical Engineering. He subsequently joined Solar Aircraft Co, where he developed the EMC.

References 

 University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
American aerospace engineers
Moralane. Moralane is a key site on the North-South Carrier (NSC), in Botswana, the main pipeline delivering raw water from the northeast  to the Mmamashia water treatment plant just north of Gaborone.

Phase 1 of the NSC opened in 2000, delivering water from the Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse River. A reinforced concrete break pressure tank (BPT1) and a pumping station (PS2.1) were installed at Moralane in this phase. The break pressure tank has the capacity of  and the pumping station has the capacity of  per second.

Phase 2 of the NSC is due to start delivering water from the Dikgatlhong Dam on the Shashe River in 2014.
The new pipeline from the Dikgatlhong Dam runs parallel to the existing pipeline along the section from the Letsibogo Dam to Moralane, causing concerns that blasting for the new pipeline may cause problems with the existing pipeline. The pumping equipment at Moralane will be upgraded by introduction of a variable speed drive. Initially, the water from both dams will be delivered through the same pipeline from Moralane south to Palapye.

An extension of the NSC is being considered to carry the Zambezi's water from Pandamatenga via Francistown to BPT1 at Moralane. A pre-feasibility study was delivered to the Department of Water Affairs in April 2010.
This expansion would deliver another  of water annually through the Moralane plant.

References
Citations

Sources

Infrastructure in Botswana
Buildings and structures in Botswana
Pipelines in Africa
Freshwater pipelines
Interbasin transfer
Water in Botswana
Johnson, Drake & Piper. Johnson, Drake & Piper was a construction contracting firm.

Overview
During World War II, the firm did construction work in the Middle East, including building needless housing intended for the port of Massawa in what is now Eritrea. The housing project in Ghinda was derided by American master diver Edward Ellsberg who was clearing the port of sunken ships. Ellsberg judged that the housing was too far from the port for practical use by salvage crews.

A number of the firm's works at Fort Peck, Montana, in support of the 1930s construction of the Fort Peck Dam, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The firm's percentage-of-completion method for accounting for ongoing projects were challenged in a Federal appeals court case: Johnson, Drake & Piper, Inc., Appellant, v. United States of America, Appellee. Jobs completed by the firm discussed in the case include work in the country of Honduras, highway construction work in the U.S., and other types of work. The firm ceased construction contract work in 1966.

Works
Works by the firm include:
Employee's Hotel and Garage, S. Missouri Ave., Fort Peck, MT (Johnson, Drake & Piper), NRHP-listed
Fort Peck Original Houses Historic District, 1101-1112 E. Kansas Ave., Fort Peck, MT (Johnson, Drake & Piper), NRHP-listed
Garage and Fire Station, Gasconade St., Fort Peck, MT (Johnson, Drake & Piper), NRHP-listed
Hospital (Fort Peck, Montana), S. Platte St., Fort Peck, MT (Johnson, Drake & Piper), NRHP-listed
School (Fort Peck, Montana), N. Missouri Ave., Fort Peck, MT (Johnson, Drake & Piper), NRHP-listed

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
M2 high-speed tractor. The M2 high-speed tractor (or colloquially M2 Cletrac) was an aircraft tug used by the United States Army Air Forces from 1942.

Construction

The M2 is a fully tracked vehicle designed to tow aircraft on primitive airfields. It was equipped with a  winch with  of  cable, an auxiliary generator (3kW at 110 volts DC), and an air compressor (3 stage, 16.7 CFPM, 2,000 PSI)

History
The M2 was standardized in February 1941 as Medium Tractor M2.

Surviving artifacts
Surviving examples are at the Estrella Warbird Museum, the Wright Museum, the AAF Museum in Danville, VA, Overloon War Museum, the Pima Air & Space Museum, the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, the Yanks Air Museum, Chino CA, the March Field Air Museum in Riverside CA, The National WWII Museum in New Orleans, Bright's Pioneer Museum, Plainsburg CA, two at the Danville Armour Museum, Danville, VA, and one privately held in Belton, SC, USA. Abroad, one can be found, in perfect condition, at the American Air Museum, in Duxford (UK).

See also
 List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation
 List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
 M4 tractor
MB-2 tow tractor
Omni Directional Vehicle
U-30 tow tractor

References

External links

Cletrac M-2 High Speed Tractor (HST) – Olive-Drab
Photo Album - Cletrac MG-1, MG-2, MG-3 Pictures – Cletrac.org

Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944
Military vehicles of the United States
World War II vehicles of the United States
Aircraft ground handling
Tractors
Aviation ground support equipment
PlanGrid. PlanGrid is a construction productivity software designed for onsite construction workers. PlanGrid digitises blueprints. It features version control and collaboration tools such as field markups, progress photos and issues tracking.

History 
PlanGrid is headquartered in San Francisco, California and was founded in 2011. It is available on mobile and windows devices. The software can store, view, and communicate construction blueprints.

The company's board of directors included former Salesforce COO George Hu, Sequoia Capital Partner Doug Leone, and former Autodesk CEO Carol Bartz.

Autodesk announced plans in November 2018 to acquire PlanGrid for US$875 million. The acquisition was completed on December 20, 2018.

PlanGrid's CEO, Tracy Young, was named to Fast Companys "Most Creative People in Business" in 2015.

Fundraising history

The company's seed-stage investors include Y-Combinator, Sam Altman, Paul Buchheit and 500 Startups.

In May 2015, PlanGrid raised a $18 million Series A from Sequoia Capital.

In November 2015, PlanGrid raised a $40 million Series B led by Tenaya Capital.

References

External links

Technology companies of the United States
Software companies based in California
Construction software
Construction documents
Autodesk acquisitions
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United States
2012 establishments in California
Software companies established in 2012
American companies established in 2012
Airdrome Nieuport 28. The Airdrome Nieuport 28 is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a full-scale replica of the First World War French Nieuport 28 fighter. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Nieuport 28 features a strut-braced biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing and gussets which are pull riveted together.  Its flying surfaces covered in aircraft fabric. The kit is made up of twelve sub-kits. The Airdrome Nieuport 28 has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . It can be equipped with engines ranging from . The standard engine used is the  four stroke Rotec R2800 radial engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 500 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
Two examples had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Nieuport 28)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Airdrome Sopwith Baby. The Airdrome Sopwith Baby is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a full-scale replica of the First World War British Sopwith Baby scout/bomber. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Sopwith Baby features a strut-braced biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear with auxiliary skids and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome Sopwith Baby has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . It can be equipped with engines ranging from . The standard engine used is the  four stroke Rotec R2800 radial engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 450 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
One example had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Sopwith Baby)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Airdrome Sopwith Camel. The Airdrome Sopwith Camel is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a full-scale replica of the First World War British Sopwith Camel fighter. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Sopwith Camel features a strut-braced biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome Sopwith Camel has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . The standard engine used is the  four stroke Rotec R3600 radial engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 450 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
One example had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Sopwith Camel)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Replica aircraft
Airdrome Sopwith Pup. The Airdrome Sopwith Pup is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes in Holden, Missouri. It is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a full-scale replica of the First World War British Sopwith Pup fighter. The replica is built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Sopwith Pup features a strut-braced biplane layout, a single-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from metal tubing, covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome Sopwith Pup has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . It can be equipped with engines ranging from . The standard engine used is the  four stroke Rotec R2800 radial engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 450 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
One example had been completed by December 2011. Another example completed its first flight in late May 2017.

Specifications (Sopwith Pup)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Airdrome Taube. The Airdrome Taube () is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Airdrome Aeroplanes, of Holden, Missouri. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The aircraft is a 3/4 scale replica of the First World War German Etrich Taube scout/observation/bomber, built from modern materials and powered by modern engines.

Design and development
The Airdrome Taube features a mid-wing cable-braced monoplane layout with an inverted "V" kingpost, a two-seat open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Airdrome Taube has a wingspan of  and a wing area of . The standard engine is a  Volkswagen air-cooled engine four stroke engine. Building time from the factory-supplied kit is estimated at 500 hours by the manufacturer.

Operational history
One example had been completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Taube)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Pilot Butte Dam. Pilot Butte Dam (National ID # WY01381) is a dam in Fremont County, Wyoming.

The earthen dam was constructed in 1926 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, with a height of 64 feet (19.5 km), and a length of 55 feet (16.8 km) at its crest. It provides offstream storage for flood control and irrigation water as part of the larger Riverton unit of the extensive Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program. The dam is owned by the Bureau, and operated by the Midvale Irrigation District.

The reservoir it creates, Pilot Butte Reservoir, has a normal water surface of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), and a maximum capacity of 36,900 acre-feet. Recreation includes fishing (for trout, ling, and crappie, etc.), hunting, boating, camping and hiking.

References 

Dams in Wyoming
Hydroelectric power plants in Wyoming
Reservoirs in Wyoming
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
Dams completed in 1926
Buildings and structures in Fremont County, Wyoming
Bodies of water of Fremont County, Wyoming
New Cairo Academy. New Cairo Academy  is one of the Egyptian private institutes that includes specialities of  Engineering, Computer Science, Information technology, Commerce and applied arts. It is located in the 5th Settlement, a district of New Cairo, Egypt.

The Academy has applied the Regulations of the Supreme Council of Universities to grant students a bachelor's degree in any of the institute's speciality equivalence institutes to grant a bachelor's degree equivalent to Egyptian public state universities.

Institutes
There are four educational institutes in New Cairo Academy:

Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology
Electric Engineering Department
Civil Engineering Department
Architecture Engineering Department
Electronics and Communications Engineering department

Higher Institute of Computer Science & Information Systems
Computer Science Department
Business Administration Department
Administrative Information Systems Department

Higher Institute of Applied Arts
Announcement Department
Decoration Department
Costume Design Department
Interior Design & Furniture Department
Printing, Publishing and Packaging Department
Sculpture and architectural composition and Restoration Department
Textile printing and dyeing and finishing Department
Photography, Cinema & Television Department

Higher Institute of Administrative Science and Foreign Trade
Business Administration Department
Administrative Information Systems Department

Reputation 
New Cairo Academy is officially recognised as a higher education institution. As such, it has the right to award undergraduate degrees.

References

External links

Schools in Cairo
Vernon R. Covell. Vernon Royce Covell (1866–1949) was an American engineer.  He was chief engineer of the Allegheny County Public Works Department.

A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Biography
Vernon R. Covell was born in Jefferson, Ohio on December 13, 1866. He graduated from Ohio State University with a degree in civil engineering in 1895.

He married Corrie Bailey on October 6, 1897, and they had one daughter.

Covell died at his home in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania on December 21, 1949, and was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery.

Selected works
Armstrong Tunnel, between Forbes and Second Aves. at S. Tenth St. Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, Vernon R.), NRHP-listed
Liberty Bridge, over the Monongahela River Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, V. R.), NRHP-listed 
McKees Rocks Bridge, LR 76, Spur 2, over Ohio River at Bellevue Bellevue, PA (Covell, V. R.), NRHP-listed
Rachel Carson Bridge, Allegheny River at Ninth St. Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, Vernon R.), NRHP-listed
Andy Warhol Bridge, Allegheny River at Seventh St. Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, Vernon R.), NRHP-listed
Roberto Clemente Bridge, Allegheny River at Sixth St. Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, Vernon R.), NRHP-listed
South Tenth Street Bridge, Monongahela River at S. Tenth St. Pittsburgh, PA (Covell, Vernon R.), NRHP-listed
George Westinghouse Bridge, over the Turtle Creek Valley (Covell, Vernon R.)

His leadership and relative contribution vis-a-vis others in one design project is discussed in a HAER document.

He was author of "The Bridge-Raising Program on the Allegheny River in Allegheny County," an article in the Proceedings of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania 41 (1925): 83, and author of "Erecting a Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge—Seventh Street Bridge at Pittsburgh," in the Engineering News-Record 97 (1926): 502.

References

1866 births
1949 deaths
American civil engineers
Ohio State University alumni
People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania