omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
RSE Kriens. RSE Kriens was a Swiss-developed surface-to-air missile. It never entered service. It was named Kriens after Kriens, a village located in the canton of Lucerne.

Design and development
From 1959 to 1966, Contraves, along with many other Swiss companies, developed the Kriens, while drawing on the experience of the guided missile system RSC / D, RSD 58. The missile project was funded by both private Swiss companies, as well as the federal government, and was developed up to production-ready stage. The first flight was on 23 March 1964. 

The missile's modular system used advanced technology for the ground equipment and the missiles, and the whole system could be interconnected to a multi-part cluster, which included several radars and missile launchers. However, after introduction of the British Bristol Bloodhound as the BL-64 the project was cancelled by the EMD, and the missile was never mass-produced, neither for Switzerland nor for another nation.  For export, the system was given the name 'Micon'. 

A launcher with two missiles is held at the Flieger-Flab-Museum. 

The fire unit consisted of a measuring radar, 1-3 radio collars, 4 launchers, command car, trolley and several units (generators). The trolley, command car, tracking device and aggregates were individually housed on single-axle trailers, the measuring radar and missile launchers on each two-axle trailers.

 Rowing span: 1.5 m
 Thrust / burning time: t = 6.5 for 9 seconds then 1.8 t for 16 seconds
 Burnout velocity: 900 m / s
 Generator on-board supply of hydraulic and electronic: 20 kW

Contraves built the research rocket Zenit-C using their experience and expertise from designing the Kriens.

References

 Air Force Center/ Flieger-Flab-Museum " Fliegermuseum Dübendorf"
 Hugo Schneider: Armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817: light and medium anti-aircraft air defence anti-aircraft missiles, Volume 12 of Armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817, Publisher Stocker-Schmidt, 1982

External links 
 

Abandoned military projects of Switzerland
Oerlikon-Contraves
Surface-to-air missiles of the Cold War
Pilatus P-1. The Pilatus P-1 was a single-engined, single-seat training aircraft project from Pilatus Aircraft in Switzerland, ca.1941.

Design and development

The P-1 project began around the end of October 1940 as the first project of Pilatus, influenced by engineer Henri Fiert. The layout and design principles were carried through to the Pilatus P-2, which achieved success as a trainer with the Swiss Air Force. The fuselage structure of the P-1 would have consisted of welded steel tube, with removable front aluminium alloy panels and fabric covering aft of the cockpit. The wings would have been of wood built up around a one-piece wooden spar with plywood skinning.

Specifications (P-1 estimated)

See also

Notes

References

P-01
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Switzerland
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Pilatus P-5. The Pilatus P-5 was a single-engined artillery observation aircraft project from Pilatus Aircraft in Switzerland.

Design and development

The first drawings for the Pilatus P-5 were made in 1951. The client was the Federal Military Department (EMD). The main purpose for the P-5 was for artillery observation. It was a single-engine, two-seat high-wing monoplane with fixed wheels. The aircraft frame was intended to be built out of tubular steel and skinned with metal. The main wings and tail were intended to be made from an alloy, not steel. This aircraft had fixed wing with slats and flaps fitted on to them. The pilot and observer were seated in a generously glazed cabin that had exceptionally good visibility in all directions. This view was due mainly to the curved sides which allowed the aircrew to look almost straight down. This P-5 design was abandoned in 1951 and no prototype aircraft were ever built.

Specifications (P-5 estimated)

See also

Notes

References

P-05
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Switzerland
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
1950s Swiss military utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Brinly-Hardy Company. Brinly-Hardy Company is an American corporation located in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Brinly-Hardy designs, manufactures and sells lawn care products including aerators, carts, lawn vac systems, dethatchers, sweepers, broadcast spreaders, sprayers, and rollers; gardening equipment such as plows, disc harrows, and cultivators and landscaping products such as rear blades and box scrapers.

History 

In 1800, John Brinly, a blacksmith in Simpsonville, Kentucky built and sold cast iron plows to Kentucky farmers. In 1837, his son Thomas Brinly, designed and built one of North America's first one-piece steel plows using a large saw blade. The new design largely replaced cast iron plows commonly used by farmers throughout the American South,  forcing Brinly to open manufacturing centers in numerous Southern cities.

In 1859, Brinly moved the company headquarters to Louisville, Kentucky. And in 1863, he partnered with James Edward Hardy to create Brinly, Dodge and Hardy. During the American Civil War, federal troops destroyed several of Brinly's manufacturing and retail outlets throughout the South as he was a Confederate sympathizer. Rather than rebuild, the company consolidated in Louisville and grew its product line. In 1900, the name Brinly-Hardy Company was adopted. In 1902, Thomas Brinly died and James E. Hardy was named president.

Current status 

Between 1980 and 1984, Brinly-Hardy shifted its current focus to manufacturing lawn care equipment. In 1996, James E. Hardy's great-great-granddaughter, Jane W. Hardy, became CEO of Brinly-Hardy Company.  And in 1999, the company moved its facilities across the Ohio River to Jeffersonville, Indiana to make room for Louisville Slugger field. In August 2008, Brinly-Hardy acquired Spyker Spreaders, manufacturers of commercial-grade broadcast spreaders and outdoor power equipment.

Brinly-Hardy products are distributed and sold throughout the United States at local retailers and chain home improvement stores  such as Home Depot as well as online retail outlets like Amazon.

References

External links 
 Official Website

Manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Shelby County, Kentucky
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Manufacturing companies established in 1839
1839 establishments in Kentucky
History of Louisville, Kentucky
Schwingesperrwerk. The Schwingesperrwerk is a man-made movable barrier located on the Schwinge at its confluence with the Elbe near Stade, Germany. It is part of the flood control program for the Lower Elbe tidewater region, from the weir in Geesthacht to the mouth of the Elbe where it flows into the North Sea. Engineers constructed the Schwingesperrwerk after a storm surge caused severe floods in the region in 1962.

Built between June 1969 to August 1971, the barrier protects the area surrounding the Schwinge. The construction costs of the barrier amounted to about 7.5 million Euro, in 2013 currency. Seven thousand cubic metres of reinforced concrete, 900 tons of rebar steel and 1,200 tons of steel sheet pilings were used in the construction.

The structure is 34 metres wide and equally deep. The shipping bay, which has a clearance width of 16 metres, can be closed with two double gates. Their cill lies at 4.5m below normal (NN), while the top of the gates is 7.6m above normal. The gates close at water levels of 2.4 metres above normal. Spanning the barrier is a double-leaf bascule bridge, more commonly known as a draw bridge, which is out of order.

The barrier is managed by the executive agency Stade of the Lower Saxon State Department for Waterway, Coastal and Nature Conservation.

External links
 

Tidal barrages
Dams in Lower Saxony
Headless software. Headless software (e.g. "headless Linux",) is software capable of working on a device without a graphical user interface. Such software receives inputs and provides output through other interfaces like network or serial port and is common on servers and embedded devices.

The term "headless" is most often used when the ordinary version of the program requires that a graphics card or similar graphical interface device be present. For instance, the absence of a graphic card, mouse or keyboard may cause an initialization process that assumes their presence to fail, or the graphics card may be relied upon to build some offline image that is later served through network.

A headless computer (for example, and most commonly, a server) may be missing many of the system libraries that support the display of graphical interfaces. Software that expects these libraries may fail to start or even to compile if such libraries are not present.

Headless agents and games 
Video games typically use a headless server for simulation of a multiplayer environment. 

Additionally, headless clients can be used to automate testing, play as NPC AIs, or integrate with an external artificial human companion system.

Headless simulations of games are used to accelerate the rate of gradient descent in machine learning, for example, by enabling large batches of simulation to be run in parallel.

Headless rendering 
When no physical screen is present, software can still be used to render images for many applications.

In a headless website configuration, the frontend presentation is server-side rendered.

Headless rendering is also used in films and generation of synthetic data. For example, Blender provides command-line rendering.

See also 
 OS-level virtualization
 Secure Shell (SSH)
 Headless browser
 Headless computer
 Headless content management system
 Compositing window manager

References 

Software engineering terminology
French ship Junon (1747). Junon was a 40-gun two-decker ship-frigate of the French Navy.

Design 
Junon was designed by engineer Chaillé, in an attempt to design a ship combining the firepower of a ship of the line with the nautical qualities of a frigate; in effect she was a precursor of the 24-pounder frigates inaugurated in the late 18th century with the French frigate , systemised by the Americans with the heavy Original six frigates of the United States Navy, and perfected in the 19th century with the French two-decker 60-gun frigates of the .

For this purpose, Junons hull was given a "fish-like" shape, with a wide beam at the bow of the ship, and a tighter aft. The design proved to provide poor sailing qualities: Junon had to be weighted with iron ingots for her stability, and lost six 18-pounders of her lower battery and several guns of her upper gundeck.

Career 
In 1752, she departed Toulon for a campaign off Tripoli, under Captain du Revest. In 1756, she took part in the Battle of Minorca under Captain Beaussier de la Chaulame. In January 1757, Junon sustained serious accidental damage in Port Mahon, and was used as a hulk there. In June, she ran aground, and was found to be in such bad shape that she was struck. She was sold for scrap on the spot in December.

Citations

References
 

Age of Sail frigates of France
Ships built in France
1747 ships
Maritime incidents in 1757
Thermomycolin. Thermomycolin (, thermomycolase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 Rather nonspecific hydrolysis of proteins. Preferential cleavage: Ala-, Tyr-, Phe- in small molecule substrates

This peptidase is isolated from the thermophilic fungus Malbranchea pulchella.

References

External links 
 

EC 3.4.21
Jeffery J. Leader. Jeffery J. Leader (born 1963) is an American academic applied mathematician specializing in numerical analysis. He is a member of the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology.

Leader received a B.S. in mathematics; B.S.E.E. in electrical engineering (1985) from Syracuse University; Sc.M. (1987); and Ph.D. (1989) from the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University under Philip J. Davis. He has also taught at Harvey Mudd College, the Naval Postgraduate School, the United States Military Academy, and Santa Clara University. He was a distinguished visiting professor of mathematical sciences at the U.S. Air Force Academy. He is the author of several journal articles and a textbook called Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computation.

References

Syracuse University alumni
Brown University alumni
1963 births
Living people
Mathematicians from New York (state)
Frank Deutsch. Frank Deutsch (born December 18, 1936) is an American academic applied mathematician specializing in approximation theory. He is an emeritus professor at The Pennsylvania State University, and is the author of over 94 journal articles and two books, and on the editorial board of five journals.

He earned the B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Hartford (1960), the M.S. in Mathematics from Northwestern University (1961), and the Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from Brown University (1966) under Philip J. Davis.

References

1936 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Pennsylvania State University faculty
University of Hartford alumni
Brown University alumni
Northwestern University alumni
SDM strength film. SDM Strength Film known by the processing names Cross-Laminated Films and Strength Films,   is a kind of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Cross Laminated Strength Film. Because of proprietary cross-laminated process, SDM Strength Film is very strong and find many application.

Conception of SDM 

The SDM means Spiral cut, Double-laminated and Machine direction drawing.
It is the processing name for this kind of films.

Structure 
There is only one molecular orientation for the normal HDPE films. So, along this direction, HDPE films have a bigger tensile strength, but weak properties in the other direction. 
                                           

Second drew by +45°   Second drew by -45°    Cross Laminated  
SDM Strength Film is laminated film by ±45°two second drew films. So in every direction of the films, there are strong properties.

Manufacturing Method 
The whole process of producing SDM Strength Films consists of some steps: they are film making, spiral cutting and cross laminated.
HDPE as raw material, and blow to be a  film with certain thickness by film blowing machine. In order to make the film with maximum molecular orientation in the machine direction, some additional production processes are required to make the film higher mechanical characteristics in machine direction.  
And then, the spiral cutting machine cut into sheet film by 45°angle with the original machine direction.

The last, coated special glue on the surface of film and cross laminate double-layer in 90°orientation  by high-pressure.

Characteristics & Features 

By the processes of film-blowing, and second drawing, the films molecules are rearranged, so that make the film more synclastic molecular arrangement, and more tensile strength accordingly.
And the processing of spiral cutting and double-layer-cross laminating(+ - 45°), make the tensile strength in two direction distributed more equality in all direction.
Those processes modified the molecular arrangement and physical structure, and make the SDM Strength Film good tensile and tearing strength, and puncture and weather resistant, thermal dimensional stability and cryogenic flexibility, and difficult to tear as well as break.

Application 

Civil Engineering & Waterproofing
The major applications of SDM Strength Film are the production of waterproof membrane, roof underlayment, air/vapor barrier and other carrier film for the tapes;
These waterproof membrane, tapes are produced by coating modified bitumen or adhesive on the carrier film (SDM Strength Film). 
Printing Label/Tag
In the label industry, because of the properties of SDM Strength Film, SDM Strength Film can be used  RFID labels, rebar & steel tags, lumber tags, brick tags, cargo tags, banner and sign, etc. 
Packaging
SDM Strength Film can be used as packing for explosive, timber, mechanical parts, chemicals and textile.

References 
1, “Equipment of Cylindrical Film Heating and Shaping”;
2, “Production System of Heating Cross-Lamination”;
3, “Equipment of PE Coating Cross-Lamination” .
4,  “Sina Real Estate” .
5, Strength film website

External links 

 SDM film website
 upass website

Polyolefins
PROITERES. PROITERES or Project of OIT Electric-Rocket-Engine Onboard Small Space Ship () is a satellite launched by ISRO in 2012 for Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT). This small (15 kg) boxlike system, with solar panels on the hull, is the testbench for the 4.4 W Pulsed Plasma Thruster operating on the microsatellite platform. The total power budget of the satellite is 15 watt.

Project description and goals 
PROITERES' secondary goals, as stated by the manufacturer, are:

 Experiments of two-way radio signal propagation characteristics using amateur radio (430 MHz) band.
 Communication tests of satellite communication technology using off-the-shelf consumer-grade components.
 Tracking and communicating by amateur radio users around the world.
 Monitoring with a high-resolution camera the Yodogawa basin near Osaka and other parts of Kansai District.

It is equipped with 3-axis magnetic torquers and gyro-sensors for attitude control (orientation), a magnetic sensor on the boom, a solar sensor, and the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) visible spectrum camera with a five-lens system and a focal length of 85.3 mm and a f number of 3.6.

Failure 
As in 2013, PROITERES does not respond to any ground commands, although still broadcasting telemetry data.  According to the PROITERES development team report on 17 January 2014 at JAXA annual symposium, the PROITERES had a design error resulting in the flight computer engaged in a boot loop. The root cause of the boot loop was the electromagnetic incompatibility issue, resulting in a reset signal being generated if power-up ramp rate of the flight computer is high enough.

The Osaka Institute of Technology team abandoned attempts to restore communications with PROITERES satellite and proceeded with development of the PROITERES-2 design.

See also 

Miniaturized satellite

References

Satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 2012
Steve Teig. Steve Teig is an American business leader, currently serving as the chief executive officer of Perceive.

Teig received a B.S.E. degree in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton University in 1982. He went on to co-found Simplex in 1998, and the firm was acquired by Cadence Design Systems in 2002. Following the acquisition, he served as the chief scientist of Cadence. In 2003, he left Cadence to co-found Tabula, where he served as the new firm's chief technology officer (CTO). Tabula focused on the design of semiconductors, particularly FPGAs. Tabula shut down on March 24, 2015. Following the dissolution of Tabula, he became the CTO of Tessera Technologies. Tessera changed its name to Xperi in 2017.

In 2020, Teig became the CEO of the semiconductor company Perceive. The firm focuses on hardware for running machine learning software on mobile devices. Perceive was incubated at Xperi, and Xperi is the majority shareholder in the new company.

He currently holds over 390 patents.

References

External links 

 Steve Teig biography, Perceive.io website
 Steve Teig Lecture on New Ideas and Entrepreneurship to Stanford University Students, 2013.10.23
 Steve Teig Lecture on Spacetime 3D Programmable Integrated Circuits (11 min), 2012.06.18 
 Steve Teig Lecture on Spacetime 3D Programmable Integrated Circuits (61 min), 2012.10.07
 Edison Awards 2012: Presentation from Steve Teig (11 min), 2012.06.18

American chief technology officers
Princeton University alumni
American inventors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hydroelectricity in Japan. Hydroelectricity is the second most important renewable energy source after solar energy in Japan with an installed capacity of 50.0 gigawatt (GW) as of 2019. According to the International Hydropower Association Japan was the world's sixth largest producer of hydroelectricity in 2020. Most of Japanese hydroelectric power plants are pumped-storage plants. Conventional hydropower plants account for about 20 GW out of the total installed capacity as of 2007.

Conventional hydropower potential of Japan is considered to be almost fully developed, with little opportunity for further capacity increase. In recent years, almost exclusively pumped storage plants were commissioned, significantly increasing the ratio of pumped storage capacity over conventional hydro. The large capacity of pumped storage hydropower was built to store energy from nuclear power plants, which until the Fukushima disaster constituted a large part of Japan electricity generation. As of 2015, Japan is the country with the highest capacity of pumped-storage hydroelectricity in the world, with 26 GW of power installed. After the 2011 nuclear power shutdowns, pumped-storage plants have been increasingly used to balance the variable generation of renewable energy sources such as solar, which have been growing rapidly in recent years.

As of September 2011, Japan had 1,198 small hydropower plants with a total capacity of 3,225 megawatt (MW). The smaller plants accounted for 6.6% of Japan's total hydropower capacity. The remaining capacity was filled by large and medium hydropower stations, typically sited at large dams. Cost per kilowatt-hour for power from smaller plants was high at ¥15-100, hindering further development of the energy source.

List of hydroelectric power stations

See also

 Energy in Japan
 Electricity sector in Japan
 Geothermal power in Japan
 Wind power in Japan
 Solar power in Japan
 Renewable energy by country

References

 
Japan
Japan, Hydroelectric
Power stations, hydroelectric