omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
James Styles. James Styles (3 July 1841 – 4 February 1913) was a contractor, civil engineer and politician in Victoria, Australia.

Early life
Born in Croydon, Surrey, Styles migrated to Australia in 1849 with his family, where he was educated at private schools in Melbourne. He became a civil engineer and railway contractor, working with his father in Queensland on the construction of the Western railway line between Toowoomba and Dalby before returning to Victoria in 1869 where he undertook further railway construction. In the 1870s he moved to South Australia where he was the resident engineer on the construction of the Peterborough railway line between Burra and Hallett and was a contractor on the construction of water and sewerage systems in Adelaide.

He returned to Victoria in 1883 and was elected to the Williamstown Council. Styles was the council's representative on the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works and applied unsuccessfully for the position of chairman in 1891. Styles frequently clashed with the Board's chairman, Edmond Gerald FitzGibbon.

Political career
Styles was a candidate for the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Williamstown in 1889 and 1889, but was unsuccessful, before winning the seat in 1894, a position he held until 1900. He was a Protectionist candidate for Victoria at the 1901 senate election where he was elected fourth, for the short term seat, ending on 30 December 1903. At the 1903 Senate election he again finished fourth and so filled the vacancy due to the death of Sir Frederick Sargood. He stood again at the 1906 senate election but was defeated, finishing fifth, part of the decline of the Protectionist Party in Victoria.

Personal life
While working in Queensland, Styles married Teresa Dignam on 23 February 1865 and they would have a son, James, and two daughters, Teresa and Maude. He died in Hawthorn in 1913, aged 71, survived by his wife, James and Maude.

References

Protectionist Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate for Victoria
Members of the Australian Senate
Engineers from Melbourne
People from the Colony of Victoria
1841 births
1913 deaths
20th-century Australian politicians
Ponts et Chaussées. Ponts et Chaussées (Bridges and Roads) may refer to:

 Conseil général des ponts et chaussées, organization of  inspectors general of bridges and roads in France
 Corps des Ponts et Chaussées, organization of civil engineers in France
 École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, school of civil engineers in France
 Ingénieur des ponts et chaussées, a civil engineer in France
PKUnity. Beijing Peking University Unity Microsystems Technology Co., Ltd (or PKUnity) is a Beijing-based Chinese high-tech enterprise engaged in home-grown central processing unit development and system design.

History
PKUnity grew from the Peking University's Microprocessor R&D Center and was founded in November 2002.. With a series of significant in R&D and the commercialization of home-grown CPU development in recent years, the company has been recognized as one of the pioneers and leaders in microprocessor design in China.

External links
Company website

Companies based in Beijing
Gleaner E. The Gleaner E was a self-propelled combine harvester manufactured by the Gleaner Manufacturing Company while part of the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company in the 1960s. 17,300 machines were manufactured in total from 1962 to 1969.

These harvesters utilized a 65 hp (49 kW) 226 cubic inch (3.7 Litre) 4-cylinder gasoline powered internal combustion engine.

In 1969, the Gleaner E was replaced by the Gleaner K, which was nearly identical to the E III model but powered by a larger 250 cu in (4.1 Litre) General Motors 6-cylinder gasoline engine. An Allis Chalmers four cylinder diesel engine was offered as optional equipment on later K2 models after 1976. Gleaner K models were produced by Allis Chalmers until 1982 and remain popular with small scale farmers in the United States due to their simplicity, ease of maintenance, and their small size compared to modern harvesters. They are also widely used by agricultural researchers to harvest small test plots because, unlike larger harvesters, they can easily be transported between plots on a flatbed trailer towed by a heavy duty pickup truck.

External links
List of Gleaner Combine Harvesters by Year of Manufacture.
Combine harvesters
Harvesters
Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) (in ) is a comprehensive science policy research center directly attached to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran which was approved and ratified by Revolutionary Council of Iran in 1980. IROST is the biggest research center in Iran and is particularly engaged in development of strategies, policies, R&D systems, management, foresight and evaluation of related Science and Technology (S&T) development and S&T for economic progress.

IROST has made advances in providing alternative sources of energy, namely solar energy, biodiesel from microalgae and bi-ethanol from agricultural waste. IROST has also made progress in pharmacological fields.

IROST undertakes commissioned research with International Organizations such as,

 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
 Organisation of Islamic Conference Standing Committee on Scientific & Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH)
 Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS)
 Third World Academy of Science (TWAS)
 Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO)
 International Federation of Inventors' Associations (IFIA)
 Asian Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology (APCTT)
 Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC)

International Journals 
 Advances in Environmental Technology 
 Hydrogen, Fuel Cell & Energy Storage 
 Innovative Food Technologies 
 Journal of Particle Science and Technology 
 Journal of Technology Development Management 
 Microbiology, Metabolites and Biotechnology

See also
Science and technology in Iran
Intellectual property in Iran

References

External links 

Science and technology in Iran
Scientific organisations based in Iran
Collaborative engineering. Collaborative engineering is defined by the International Journal of Collaborative Engineering as a discipline that "studies the interactive process of engineering collaboration, whereby multiple interested stakeholders resolve conflicts, bargain for individual or collective advantages, agree upon courses of action, and/or attempt to craft joint outcomes which serve their mutual interests."

Collaborative engineering is quickly becoming a topic of great interest in recent years due to the explosion of internet technologies. This upsurge is partially due to the success of projects such as Wikipedia and Linux that have proven the efficacy of internet collaboration.

References

K. Daniel: Collaborative Engineering, Vdm Verlag Dr. Müller, , 2007

Engineering disciplines
MECC (disambiguation). MECC is the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium.

MECC may also refer to:

MATRADE Exhibition and Convention Centre, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
McKinley Exchange Corporate Center, an office building and bus terminal in Makati, Philippines
MECC Maastricht, Maastricht Exhibition & Conference Centre
Microbial electrolysis carbon capture
Middle East Cancer Consortium, an international initiative on cancer treatment and research
Middle East Council of Churches
Minimized extracorporeal circulation
Missouri Eastern Correctional Center, a male prison in central-eastern Missouri
Mountain Empire Community College, a community college located in Big Stone Gap, Virginia
Microsoft Excel Collegiate Challenge, a Microsoft Excel e-sport competition, first introduced in 2022
Non-Nuclear Futures. Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy is a 1975 book by Amory B. Lovins and John H. Price. The main theme of the book is that the most important parts of the nuclear power debate are not technical disputes but relate to personal values, and are the legitimate province of every citizen, whether technically trained or not.  Lovins and Price suggest that the personal values that make a high-energy society work are all too apparent, and that the values associated with an alternate view relate to thrift, simplicity, diversity, neighbourliness, craftsmanship, and humility.  They also argue that large nuclear generators could not be mass-produced.  Their centralization requires costly transmission and distribution systems.  They are inefficient, not recycling excess thermal energy.  The authors believed that nuclear reactors were less reliable (a grossly incorrect prediction) and take longer to build, exposing them to escalated interest costs, mistimed demand forecasts, and wage pressure by unions.

Lovins and Price suggest that these two different sets of personal values and technological attributes lead to two very different policy paths relating to future energy supplies.  The first is high-energy nuclear, centralized, electric; the second is lower energy, non-nuclear, decentralized, less electrified, softer technology.

Subsequent publications by other authors which relate to the issue of non-nuclear energy paths are Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy, Plan B 2.0, Reaction Time, State of the World 2008, The Clean Tech Revolution, and the work of Benjamin K. Sovacool.

See also
Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power
List of books about nuclear issues
Nuclear energy policy
Nuclear or Not?
Nuclear-Free Future Award
Nuclear-free zone
Rocky Mountain Institute
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
Benjamin K. Sovacool.

References

External links
Nuclear Power's Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks 
 Nuclear-free future award

1975 non-fiction books
Energy policy
Social philosophy
Futurology books
1975 in the environment
Books by Amory Lovins
Books about nuclear issues
Ethics of science and technology
Friends of the Earth
Process flowsheeting. Process flowsheeting is the use of computer aids to perform steady-state heat and mass balancing, sizing and costing calculations for a chemical process. It is an essential and core component of process design.

The process design effort may be split into three basic steps
 Synthesis
 Analysis and
 Optimization.

Synthesis 

Synthesis is the step where the structure of the flowsheet is chosen. It is also in this step that one initializes values for variables which one is free to set.

Analysis 

Analysis is usually made up of three steps
 Solving heat and  material balances
 Sizing and costing the equipment and
 Evaluating the economic worth, safety, operability etc. of the chosen flow sheet

Optimization 

Optimization involves both structural optimization of the flow sheet itself as well as optimization of parameters in a given flowsheet. In the former one may alter the equipment used and/or its connections with other equipment. In the latter one can change the values of parameters such as temperature and pressure. Parameter Optimization is a more advanced stage of theory than process flowsheet optimization.

Plant design project 

The first step in the sequence leading to the construction of a process plant and its use in the manufacture of a product is the conception of a process. The concept is embodied in the form of a "flow sheet". Process design then proceeds on the basis of the flow sheet chosen. Physical property data are the other component needed for process design apart from a flow sheet. The result of process design is a process flow diagram, PFD. Detailed engineering for the project and vessel specifications then begin. Process flowsheeting ends at the point of generation of a suitable PFD.

General purpose flowsheeting programs became usable and reliable around 1965-1970.

See also 
 List of chemical process simulators
 CAPE-OPEN Interface Standard
 Process simulation

References

 Westerberg A. W., Hutchinson H. P., Motard R. L., and Winter P., (1979), "Process Flowsheeting", Cambridge Universities Press, 
 Veverka V. V., and Madron, F. (1997), "Material and Energy balancing in the Process Industries", Elsevier, 
 Babu, B. V.(2004), "Process Plant Simulation", Oxford Universities Press, ISBN

External links
Process flowsheet development using process simulation software 
Chemical process engineering

Process engineering
Auto 5000. Auto 5000 GmbH was a German vehicle manufacturing company set up inside the Volkswagen complex in Wolfsburg.

The company was set up as a lower cost model with the aim of keeping manufacturing jobs in Germany at a time when production was moving to other areas. Key reductions in cost were a lower weekly rate of pay and more flexible working hours. The trade union IG Metall agreed the terms for newly employed staff who were either unemployed, about to be made redundant or looking to have more flexible working hours.

Origin of the name Auto 5000
The initial monthly rate of pay was 5000 Deutsche Marks and the initial number of employees was 5000 (3500 in Wolfsburg and 1500 additional jobs at Hanover) hence the company name.

Products
The company manufactured the Touran (Dec 2002 to 2008) and Tiguan (2007 to 2008).

End of project
In 2008 Volkswagen announced that it would end the project and from 1 January 2009 the remaining staff were transferred to the standard Volkswagen contract.

References

Car manufacturers of Germany
Volkswagen Group
Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves. Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves (17 December 1788 – 30 April 1864) was a German architect, civil engineer and urban planner. Born in Uslar, Lower Saxony, he lived and worked primarily in the city of Hanover and also died there. He was appointed Oberhofbaudirektor, "court master builder", in 1852. As the leading architect  of the Kingdom of Hanover for a career spanning 50 years, he had great influence on the urban development of this city. Alongside Karl Friedrich Schinkel in Berlin and Leo von Klenze in Munich, Laves was one of the most accomplished neoclassical style architects of Germany. As an engineer he developed a special iron truss lenticular or "fishbelly" beam bridge construction method, the so-called "Lavesbrücke". Laves found his final resting place in the Engesohde Cemetery (Engesohder Friedhof) in Hanover.

Among his most important works are:
 Full reconstruction of the Leineschloss (Leine Palace or Leine Castle), between 1816 and 1844 (severely damaged in World War II and again re-built by Dieter Oesterlen between 1957 and 1962).
 Hanover Opera House, home of the Staatsoper Hannover, built between 1845 and 1852 (severely damaged in World War II and re-built in 1948).
 Wangenheim palace for Count Georg von Wangenheim, built between 1829 and 1832.
 The facade of Herrenhausen Palace (Schloss Herrenhausen) in neoclassical style, about 1820/21 (destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in 2013).
 The Palmenhaus ("Palm-house"), a conservatory in the Berggarten built between 1846 and 1849 (destroyed in World War II). The building housed the most extensive and valuable collection of palms in Europe.
 The mausoleum for King Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, and his consort Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the garden of the Chapel at Schloss Herrenhausen (the mausoleum today is situated in the Berggarten, part of the Herrenhausen Gardens), built between 1842 and 1847.
 Waterloo Square with Waterloo Column, built between 1826 and 1832.
 Some structures designed or remodeled in the landscape garden around the Derneburg Castle near Hildesheim, owned by Count Ernst zu Münster

Gallery

General references

 

 

 

 

 

1788 births
1864 deaths
19th-century German architects
People from Uslar
German neoclassical architects
Architects from Hanover
University Institute of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh University. University Institute of Technology (UIT), Himachal Pradesh, was originally founded as the University Institute of Information Technology (UIIT) on 11 September 2000.

Located within the Himachal Pradesh University campus at Summerhill, Shimla, India, UIT also offers degrees in Computer Science Engineering (CSE), Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE), Electrical Engineering (EE), and Civil Engineering (CE).

Departments

 Department of Civil Engineering
 Department of Computer Science Engineering
 Department of Information Technology
 Department of Electrical Engineering
 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Change of name
On 28 February 2020, the name of University Institute of Information Technology (UIIT) changed to University Institute of Technology (UIT) due to addition of other engineering branches.

See also 
 Himachal Pradesh University

References

Universities in Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh University
Education in Shimla
Sabatier principle. In chemistry, the Sabatier principle is a qualitative concept in heterogeneous catalysis named after the French chemist Paul Sabatier. It states that the interactions between the catalyst and the reactants should be "just right"; that is, neither too strong nor too weak. If the interaction is too weak, the molecule will fail to bind to the catalyst and no reaction will take place. On the other hand, if the interaction is too strong, the product fails to dissociate.

The principle can be shown graphically by plotting the reaction rate against a property such as the heat of adsorption of the reactant by the catalyst. Such plots pass through a maximum, looking roughly like a triangle or an inverted parabola, and are called volcano plots because of their shape. Analogous three-dimensional plots can also be built against two different properties, such as the heats of adsorption of the two reactants for a two-component reaction. In that case the plot is generally shown as a contour plot and is called a volcano surface. Volcano plots were introduced by Balandin.

The figure on the right shows a volcano plot for the decomposition of formic acid using different transition metals as catalysts. In this case, the heat of formation () of the metal formate salt was used for the x axis because studies showed that the reaction intermediate was a surface formate. For the y axis, the temperature at which the reaction reaches a specific rate was used (the y axis is plotted in reverse to preserve the conventional "volcano" shape). At low values of , the reaction is slow  (in other words, requires higher temperatures) because the rate of adsorption is slow and rate-limiting. At high values of , desorption becomes the rate-limiting step. The maximum rate, which is observed for the platinum group metals in this case, requires intermediate values of , with the rate being a combination of the rate of adsorption and the rate of desorption. Catalysts can exceed the Sabatier limit via catalytic resonance.

References

Catalysis
Class 93. Class 93 may refer to:
British Rail Class 93 (InterCity 250), an unbuilt locomotive type, planned by British Rail.
British Rail Class 93 (Stadler), an upcoming tri-mode electric-diesel-battery locomotive, built by Stadler Rail.
DRG or DR Class 93, a German 2-8-2 tank locomotive operated by the  Deutsche Reichsbahn:
Class 93.0-4: Prussian T 14, PKP Class Tkt 1, SNCB Class 97
Class 93.5-12: Prussian T 14.1, Württemberg T 14, PKP-Class Tkt 2 
Class 93.13-14: BBÖ Class 378
Class 93.15: ČSD Class 423.0
Class 93.1601 + 1602: MFWE Nos. 33 and 34
Class 93.1611 + 1612: PE Nos. 7 and 22
Class 93.64: diverse locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Class 93.65: locomotive taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn BStB No. 59
Class 93.66: diverse locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Class 93.67: locomotives taken over in 1949 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn HBE Nos. 10 to 12
Prussian T 14. The Prussian T 14s were German, 2-8-2T, goods train, tank locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways and the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine. They were later incorporated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn into their renumbering plan as Class 93.0–4.

These locomotives were intended for goods traffic and Sunday excursion services on the lines of the Berlin Stadtbahn. Later the T 14 was also procured by other railway divisions for goods trains on main lines and even for passenger services. In all, 457 of this class was built for the Prussian state railways and 40 for the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine between 1914 and 1918.

Due to uneven weight distribution the axle load on the leading wheels was 169.7 kN higher than that of the driving wheels.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 400 T 14s from Prussia and six from the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine as 93 001 to 93 406. The T 14s from Alsace-Lorraine were given numbers 93 094, 188–191 and 237. In 1927 two more T 14s were acquired from the Farge-Vegesack Railway and numbered as 93 407 and 408; and in 1935 locomotives 93 409 to 93 417 from the Saar Railway were added. In World War II several T 14s came from Poland and Belgium into the DRB fleet as 93 418 to 93 450. After the Second World War the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) incorporated further T 14s, which came from France and Belgium, as 93 451 to 93 459.

The Deutsche Bundesbahn began retiring them in 1960. In the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn the last ones were even given new computerised numbers in 1970 and classified as DR Class 93.8. The last T 14 there retired in 1971.

After the Second World War locomotives 93 058, 324 and 405 were left in Austria. As a result, the Austrian Federal Railway (ÖBB) formed them into their ÖBB Class 693 retaining their serial numbers. Number 693.058 was retired as early as 1953, the other two engines remained in the ÖBB fleet until 1958.

Locomotive 93 230 has been preserved and belongs to the Dresden Transport Museum. Another unit, PKP TKt1-63, is preserved in Poland at Chabówka railroad museum.

See also 
 Prussian state railways
 List of Prussian locomotives and railcars

Notes

References

Further reading 
 
 
 

Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
2-8-2T locomotives
T 14
Freight locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Austria
Henschel locomotives
Hohenzollern locomotives
Hanomag locomotives
1′D1′ h2t locomotives
Union Giesserei locomotives