omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nano electrokinetic thruster. The Nano electrokinetic thruster is a theoretical space propulsion system based on the principle of electro-osmosis (also electroosmotic flow). It allows for a high specific impulse and high thrust-to-power ratio as well as a high final velocity which makes it suitable for a wide variety of applications. Due to difficulties in the production of the needed carbon nanotubes experimental testing has not yet started.

Description

The principle of electro-osmosis or electroosmotic flow creates a flow of an electrolyte through a very small tube in the nano-meter range. To achieve this flow there is a cathode and an anode at the ends of the tube over which a voltage is applied. Due to this voltage the ions in the electrolyte stored in a reservoir directly connected to the tube can be accelerated and ejected. This way electrical energy is transformed into kinetic energy. The amount of thrust created by one nano thruster is in the micro newton range, however due to its size it makes sense to arrange a large number in an array to achieve sufficient thrust. The thrust, exit velocity of the ions and the mass flow rate of the electrolyte are influenced by the applied voltage which makes it easy to regulate those parameters. The applied voltage and the pH-value of the electrolyte (amount of ions it contains) also vary the balance between thrust, efficiency and maximal exhaust velocity (determines the maximal achievable flight velocity). It is also theoretically possible to achieve a very high efficiency of nearly 100% as well as a high specific impulse and high thrust-to-power ratio. This system has not yet been built and experimentally tested because of difficulties with the production of the nano-tubes needed for it.

Advantages

Nano electrokinetic thrusters have a very high efficiency, specific impulse, exhaust velocity and thrust-to-power ratio which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications. Due to the fact that a thruster is made up out of an array of multiple nano thrusters it is easily possible to design thrusters in all sizes and thrust ranges. These properties give the nano electrokinetic thrusters very good thrust control which makes it applicable for a wide range of spacecraft ranging from maneuvering thrusters for small spacecraft, such as satellites, to the primary propulsion system of interplanetary or interstellar spacecraft. This system also doesn't require additional heat or radiation shielding to protect the rest of the space craft which make the system (not including fuel compartment) light in comparison to other designs.

Disadvantages

The production of the required carbon nano tubes is very expensive and with current production methods the amount of surface defects in the produced carbon nano tubes is high which reduces the efficiency significantly and makes it unreliable. This design also requires a high potential difference in the range of 300 to 500 volts as well as a sufficient storage tank for the liquid electrolyte needed which increase the weight of the overall system.

References

Spacecraft propulsion
Hypothetical technology
BioTork. BioTork is a biotechnology company founded in 2008 that specializes in the optimization of industrial fermentation processes. BioTork provides robust microorganisms that are able to convert low-value, raw carbon sources such as agroindustrial by-products and waste into high-value chemical commodities (e.g. biofuel and feed). These biochemical commodities such as omega-3 oil, lipids, fuels, enzymes, plastics and other compounds are derived from renewable feedstock using a continuous culture technology.

Technology 
BioTork has an exclusive license with Evolugate, a technology provider specializing in adaptive evolution technology that is a continuous culture apparatus which selects the fittest genetic variants from a certain population under controlled environmental conditions. After multiple stages of natural selection, the microorganisms acquire enhanced capabilities that were not present in the original strain. These new capabilities include a faster growth rate, the ability to grow at non-optimal temperatures, resistance to inhibitors or growth under nutrient limiting conditions

Non-GMO 
The microorganisms that are evolved with Evolugate's technology are done so through natural selection, and therefore are enhanced without genetically modifying their composition.  This allows for the microorganism to exist without being labelled as a GMO, and therefore circumvents issues related to food and feed regulations.

Versatile Feedstock 
The technology that BioTork uses through Evolugate is able to convert unrefined, raw feedstock into several high quality resources, as mentioned before including omega-3 fatty acids and renewable chemicals.  Raw carbon sources are generally renewable, often coming from biodiesel production or leftover agricultural waste.  Therefore, the end-product that BioTork is left with is sustainable and inexpensive, in addition to non-GMO.

Hawaii Zero Waste Program 
BioTork is currently in collaboration with the US Department of Agriculture and Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (USDA-PBARC).  This collaboration is related to recent legislation passed in Hawaii to promote upcycling of raw materials, or agricultural waste, as part of the Zero Waste initiative.  The State of Hawaii has dedicated special purpose revenue bonds of up to $50,000,000 that will be used towards upcycling the unmarketable papayas from the state and convert them into omega-3 fatty acids that can then be refined into commercial fish feed.

Collaboration with BASF 
BASF, The Chemical Company, and BioTork currently have a bioplastics development deal to industrially produce biopolymers and green-based chemicals.  The main objective of this collaboration is to improve biochemical production processes through strain development.  The financial details of this collaboration and partnership have not been disclosed at this time.

References

Biotechnology companies of the United States
Biotechnology companies established in 2008
2008 establishments in Florida
Air Shares Elite. Air Shares Elite, offered fractional ownership and rental of private high performance aircraft.

History
Air Shares Elite was formed in 1999 providing shares in aircraft that it owned. In 2014, the service terminated and aircraft were sold.

Fleet
The Air Shares Elite offered a fractional ownership of mainly Cirrus SR22 aircraft, with the intent of offering fractional ownership of the Cirrus Vision SF50 Jet.

See also

ImagineAir - Airline operating Cirrus aircraft
NetJets Fractional Jet Ownership

References

Fractional aircraft ownership companies
3DLT. 3DLT was a Covington, Kentucky based 3D printing marketplace for 3D printing as-a-service. Users of 3DLT designed and uploaded 3D printable files and 3DLT worked to print and sell those products. The company was formed in 2012 and ceased operations at the end of 2015.

History
The company was co-founded by John Hauer and Pablo Arellano Jr. and Colin Klayer in 2012 as a place to upload and buy 3D printable files. In August 2013, 3DLT applied to the UpTech accelerator program and was accepted. Also in 2013, 3DLT participated in TechCrunch Disrupt in New York. Also in 2013, 3DLT was named an "Innovative World Technology" competitor at the SXSW V2V Conference.

3DLT named John Hauer as CEO in early 2014.  Hauer replaced Arellano Jr. as CEO, with Arellano Jr. leaving the company. Shortly after, 3DLT partnered Authentise to stream licensed 3D content.

In mid-2014, 3DLT and PieceMaker announced plans to collaborate and share content, technology and in-store marketing and production. In particular, the company was promoting 3-D printing kiosks made by Piecemaker that used its designs in retail stores.

3DLT had recently partnered to offer 3D printed products with Amazon.com as a new pilot program in Amazon's new 3D printing category, 3DLT w Amazon.  It worked with Amazon, says the Cincinnati Journal, to help "Amazon pioneer a new division for 3-D-printed products."

In June 2014, 3DLT also participated in the Dark Horse Competition in Silicon Valley. Later that same year, 3DLT signed a licensing agreement with Big Tent Entertainment to design, sell and manufacture 3D printed products based on the character Domo-kun. Around the same time, 3DLT also launched its Rakuten store of 3D printable products ranging from fashion jewelry to home decor and tech accessories.

As 2015 began, 3DLT announced partnership with Sears to ship custom manufactured items "from jewelry to home furnishings" through Sears' e-commerce website.

The company closed operations on 31 December 2015 after a decision from 3DLT's board of directors.

See also
3D printing marketplace

References

3D printer companies
Retail companies based in Kentucky
Jean-Marie Tarascon. Jean-Marie Tarascon FRSC (born September 21, 1953) is professor of chemistry at the Collège de France in Paris and director of the French Research Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage (RS2E).

Education
Tarascon was educated at the University of Bordeaux, where he was awarded a Diplôme d'études universitaires générales in physics and chemistry, a Master of Science degree in chemical engineering, and a PhD in solid-state chemistry in 1981.

Career
Following his PhD, Tarascon did postdoctoral research at Cornell University. He worked at Bell Labs and Bellcore from 1982 to 1994, then moved to the University of Picardie Jules Verne in 1994. He has been at the College de France since 2010. He is also credited with laying foundations of the reputable Erasmus mundus masters course in energy storage and conversion "Materials for energy storage and conversion" hosted by UPJV, Amiens in association with seven universities across the globe and several energy research networks.

Research
Tarascon's research investigates the synthesis of novel electronic phenomena and materials such as superconductors, ferroelectrics, fluoride glasses, rechargeable batteries and colossal magnetoresistance. He has made many contributions to superconductivity and was the original proponent of the thin and flexible plastic lithium ion battery.

Awards and honours
Tarascon was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:

Tarascon was honoured by the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002. He was nominated to the Académie des Sciences in 2005, and was the University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) gold medalist in 2008. He won the ENI Protection of the Environment award in 2011. In 2015 he was awarded the Royal Society of Chemistry's Centenary Prize. In 2016, he received an honorary doctorate 'doctor honoris causa' from Hasselt University. In 2017, he was one of the two winners of the Eric and Sheila Samson Prime Minister's Prize for Innovation in Alternative Fuels for Transportation. He was one of the five nominated for the CNRS Innovation Medals. In 2020 he received the Balzan Prize for Environmental Challenges: Materials Science for Renewable Energy.

References

External links
 Jean-Marie Tarascon's research group

Knights of the Legion of Honour
Living people
Foreign members of the Royal Society
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
20th-century French chemists
21st-century French chemists
University of Bordeaux alumni
1953 births
French materials scientists
French chemists
Inorganic chemists
Solid state chemists
Colin Austin (Moldflow). Colin Austin is an Australian award-winning researcher, engineer, and inventor of Autodesk product Moldflow Plastics design software.

Biography
Colin graduated from Sheffield University in 1963. He worked as an R & D Manager for Johns Hydraulics then worked as lecturer for RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia.

In 1978, Colin Austin founded company Moldflow (currently a subsidiary of Autodesk) devoted to simulation of injection molding. Colin developed Moldflow Plastics design software that transformed the international design of plastics moulds using scientific principles rather than 'gut feel'. After many years he became the most successful exporters of technical software in Australia, and more than 48 countries in the world used his software.

In 1997, Colin Austin founded a company named Waterright devoted to simulation of irrigation and producing soil sensors and software to fix common irrigation problems.

Award
Source:

1980: John Derham Award for Technical Innovation
1982: National Small Business Award
1983: Governor of Victoria, Export Award
1984: Governor of Victoria, Export Award
1984: Dept of Trade in Association with Confederation of Australian Industry's Export Award for outstanding achievement.
1993: AITA Exporter of the year award
1997: Fred O.Conley Award for outstanding achievement in plastics engineering &technology
2002: Triannual Plastics Industry Award for contributions to the plastics industry
2002: SPE Environmental Award
2002: SaveWater award winner agricultural section
2003: SaveWater award Regional Sustainability

Books

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian engineers
Australian chairpersons of corporations
KZD-85. KZD-85 is a  UAV system that was designed by Farner AG Grenchen. The aerospace enterprise RUAG Aviation is now responsible for it. KZD-85 stands for the German words “Klein Ziel Drohne” (small target drone).

Operation
The KZD-85 uses a compact launcher and a parachute-based landing system that enables the UAV to land nearly anywhere. Gliding landings on grass or snow are also possible. It is used as a training target (for aiming, but not shooting) for the Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon, the FIM-92 Stinger, and the Rapier missile. There are no sensors built in; "hits" are determined by the surface reflection of the laser from the target device.

Operators

The KZD-85 system has been in service with the Swiss Air Force since 1985 and is still in use today. There are no plans for retiring or replacement.

Technical data 

Type: Target UAV
Range: up to

External links 

   Page of the Swiss Air Forces about the  KZD-85 in German language only
 Pictures and short english text about the KZD-85
 Jane's All the World's Aircraft, p. 418, and World unmanned aircraft, p. 73.

Unmanned aerial vehicles of Switzerland
RUAG aircraft
Articles containing video clips
Nicholas Agiobi Damachi. Nicholas Agiobi Damachi, OON (Born 16 March 1953,  Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian professor of Industrial engineering and former Permanent Secretary of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education. He is currently the incumbent Permanent Secretary of the Nigerian Ministry of Defence.

Early life
Professor Damachi was born on 16 March 1953 in Obudu, a Local Government Area of Cross River State, an area known for the Obudu Cattle Ranch which is one of the Nigeria's Mountain resort.
He had his secondary education at Mary Knoll Secondary School, Ogoja in  Cross River State, Nigeria where he wrote the West African Senior School Certificate Examination in 1970. 
In 1976, he obtained a Bachelor of Science (B. sc) degree in Industrial engineering and a Master of Science (M. sc) degree in Systems engineering from Ohio State University (1978).
He later attended the University of Cincinnati for a Doctorate degree, Ph.D in Industrial engineering.

Career
He began his career in 1977 as a system engineer with the Technical Services Group of the Division of Water, City of Columbia, Ohio before he joined the services of the University of Cincinnati as a research associate and instructor. In 1966, he became an adjunct professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at the Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Nuclear Engineering of the University of Cincinnati. His research interest in engineering focuses on system analysis, technical management and water related researches, such as water utility system modeling.
In 1983, he returned to Nigeria and was appointed as General Manager in a dredging and Marine company called Lamic Nig. Ltd. Few years later, he joined the Nigerian Civil Service where he was appointed as  Permanent Secretary of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education in October 2006
After his tenure as Permanent Secretary of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education in March 2012, he was again appointed as the Permanent Secretary of the Nigerian Ministry of Defence

He became an adjunct professor in 1976 and not 1966

Awards and fellowships
He is a receiver of several awards and 
fellowships. Few among other includes:
Officer of the Order of the Niger, awarded by the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science
Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers.
Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers (I. I. E)
Fellow of the Industrial Engineering Society (Alpha Pi Mu)
Fellow of the Scientific Research Society (Sigma Xi).
Fellow of the American Society of Quality Control
Member of Tri-State Human Factors Society
Member of Board of Trustees, Cincinnati Free Store Member
Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Industrial Engineers (N. I. I. E)
Member of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria, COREN.

See also
List of notable engineers in Nigeria

References

1953 births
Living people
Nigerian engineers
Nigerian Permanent Secretaries
People from Cross River State
Amwell Quarry. Amwell Quarry or Amwell Nature Reserve is a 37 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Great Amwell in Hertfordshire. The planning authority is East Hertfordshire District Council. It is also part of the Lee Valley Ramsar Site and Special Protection Area, and is owned and managed by the Hertfordshire and Middlesex Wildlife Trust.

The site is a former gravel pit, which has been restored to become a wetland nature reserve with two lakes, Great Hardmead Lake and
Hollycross Lake. It is internationally important for wintering wildfowl, and is Britain's most important site for dragonflies. It also has large communities of damselflies and breeding birds. Plants include marsh dock and hairlike pondweed, both nationally rare. Amwell has a quarter of all British species of molluscs.

There is access from Amwell Lane and the site is open at all times.

See also
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hertfordshire

References

Quarries in Hertfordshire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hertfordshire
Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust reserves
Great Amwell
China Steel Corporation Headquarters. The China Steel Corporation Headquarters () is a 29-story,  skyscraper office building in Cianjhen District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It houses the corporate headquarters of China Steel Corporation. As of February 2021, it is the 24th tallest building in Kaohsiung.

History
The skyscraper was completed in 2012.

Architecture
Designed by Taiwanese architect Kris Yao, the skyscraper has multi-faceted image with geometric 3D facade with a total floor area of . It comprises four tubes, bound together by a central core. The facade changes every eight stories, creating outside terrace.

Tenants
 China Steel Corporation
 American Institute in Taiwan Kaohsiung Branch Office
 MUFG Bank
 Deloitte Taiwan

Transportation
The building is accessible within walking distance west of Shihjia Station of Kaohsiung MRT.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Taiwan
 List of tallest buildings in Kaohsiung

References

2012 establishments in Taiwan
Office buildings completed in 2012
Skyscraper office buildings in Kaohsiung
Postmodern architecture in Taiwan
Asia New Bay Area
Talleres Loring. Talleres Loring (Loring Workshops) was a Spanish aeronautical company founded by engineer and entrepreneur Jorge Loring after moving to Madrid.

History
A predecessor company, Loring Pujol y Cia, had been founded in Barcelona by Jorge Loring together with Claudio Baradat Guillé in 1918.

The new company established its factory in Cuatro Vientos, Carabanchel, in SW Madrid in 1923 and began production in 1924. It soon received orders to manufacture military aircraft, beginning with Fokker C.IV planes. Later Talleres Loring would build some of Juan de la Cierva's autogyro prototypes, such as the Cierva C.7 and Cierva C.12.

Talleres Loring also would produce its own aircraft, mostly designed by engineer Eduardo Barrón, such as the Loring R-1, the Loring R-2 and the Loring R-3 airplanes. Overwhelmed by the large financial cost of its projects, in 1931 Jorge Loring rejoined the government service. Three years later, in 1934, the Talleres Loring company filed for bankruptcy. Jorge Loring was bailed out by his brother and founded Aeronáutica Industrial S.A. (AISA), which also manufactured aircraft for military use, and where he was found dead on 22 September 1936, at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.

The Loring RB surveillance aircraft, a monoplane prototype said to have been built right at the beginning in 1923, and the T-2 are developments about which there are almost no data.

List of Aircraft
 C-1, fighter prototype based on the R-3; one built and exhibited at the Palacio de Cristal Aeronautical exhibition in 1926.
 E-1, two-seat light monoplane prototype with an extra fin and rudder placed over the fuselage; first flown in 1929.
 E-2, parasol wing light monoplane; at least 4 built in 1930.
 R-1, two-seat sesquiplane for surveillance and light bombing, 30 built in 1925.
 R-2, a development of the R-I that did not go into production.
 R-3, a reconnaissance and light attack aircraft; four prototypes built in 1926; went into production in 1927 with a total of 110 units built.
 T-1, light trainer aircraft based on the R-3; one prototype built in 1926.
T-2, also known as B-1, commercial biplane prototype for 5 passengers; built in 1929 or 1930
T-3, three-engined commercial monoplane, also known as Barrón Colonial; a "colonial aircraft" built in 1931, first flight in 1932.
B-2, ambitious project of a six-engined bomber with a 4.000 kg payload that remained on paper.
 Loring X, a two-seat low-wing monoplane with closed cockpit; built in 1934.

 Under licence
 Cierva C.12
 Fokker C.IV

References

External links

 Aircraft that may have participated in the Spanish Civil War
Strange planes
Birth, first steps and pre-war planes of the Spanish Military Aviation
Early Spanish aircraft (in Russian)

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Spain
Industrial history of Spain
Rivers State Ministry of Works. The Rivers State Ministry of Works is a ministry of the Government of Rivers State concerned with providing socio-economic infrastructure in Rivers State, Nigeria. It is headquartered in the State Secretariat building in Port Harcourt.

Functions and responsibilities
Construct and rehabilitate urban road networks.
Construct rural road networks.
Maintain urban roads.
Control flood and erosion.

List of commissioners
David Briggs (1999–2003)
Felicity Okpete Ovai (2003–2006)
Julius Orumbo (2006–2007)
Dakuku Peterside (2007–2011)
Victor Giadom (2011-2015)
Kelvin Wachukwu (2015–2016)
Harrison B. Iheanyichukwu (2016–2017)
Dum Dekor (2017–present)

See also
Government of Rivers State
Government ministries of Rivers State

References

External links
Government of Rivers State

Works
Public works ministries
Works
Reventazón Dam. The Reventazón Dam is a concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Reventazón River about  southwest of Siquirres in Limón Province, Costa Rica. It was inaugurated on 16 September 2016, and its primary purpose is the production of hydroelectric power. The US$1.4 billion project and largest power station in the country has an installed capacity of 305.5 MW and is expected to provide power for 525,000 homes. Construction on the dam began in 2009. At a height of  and with a structural volume of , it is the largest dam in Central America. To produce electricity, water from the reservoir is diverted about  to the northeast where it reaches the power station along the Reventazón River.
Due to its environmental features, like offset habitats and migration corridors for jaguars and many other species, the project could be a model for other future hydroelectric power plants.

See also 

 List of power stations in Costa Rica

References

Dams in Costa Rica
Concrete-face rock-fill dams
Buildings and structures in Limón Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Costa Rica