omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ELGA LabWater. ELGA LabWater is the laboratory water brand name of Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies.  ELGA manufactures, supplies and services water purification systems for use in general, R&D, healthcare and clinical laboratories. Its offices and distributors are located in more than 60 countries.

History
ELGA Products Limited was founded in 1937 by Walter Lorch to manufacture domestic electrical appliances, but moved into water purification to overcome the problem of limescale deposits in steam irons. It developed a small cartridge-type deionizer to purify the water.  ELGA collaborated with the London School of Pharmacy to develop products aimed at the hospital market, laboratories and general industry. A manufacturing unit was set up in 1959 in Lane End, Buckinghamshire, UK. During the 1960s ELGA became a global supplier of water purification systems.
ELGA Group PLC was incorporated in 1984 and became part of Protean PLC in 1992. Protean PLC was acquired by Culligan Water Technologies (Northbrook Illinois) in 1997. Culligan was acquired by U.S. Filter (Palm Springs, California) in 1998. ELGA became part of USF Limited in 1999. U.S. Filter was acquired by Vivendi S.A. (Paris, France) in 2000. ELGA became part of Vivendi Water Systems Limited and then Veolia Water Systems LTD, part of the Veolia Group, in 2003. ELGA has added North American and Asian manufacturing operations to the original UK site.

Lorch Foundation 
ELGA founded the Lorch Foundation in 1979, which subsequently established the School of Water Sciences. Now known as the Cranfield Water Science Institute at Cranfield University, England, it aims to support, encourage and maintain the studies of students interested in water treatment sciences. The aim of the Foundation is to "fund the furtherance of scientific research and education to the benefit of water treatment technology".

Products
ELGA produces water purification systems which provide purified water and ultrapure water for applications in research and analytical laboratories, medical and clinical facilities. It incorporates in its water purifiers a combination of purification technologies, e.g. reverse osmosis, electronics-grade ion-exchange resins, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, degassing, ultraviolet photooxidation and electrodeionization. Products are designed to minimize impact on the environment at all stages - manufacture, in-service and at end of life.

Awards
In 2004 the ELGA CENTRA received an Industrial Product Design Award; in 2009 the PURELAB Ultra was the Readers Choice Laboratory Equipment winner:  the ELGA PURELAB flex received the Instrument Business Outlook (IBO) Silver design award for Laboratory Equipment Industrial Design in 2009, the Aquatech China Innovation Gold Award in 2010 and the Industrial Product Design Gold Award, the Materials Innovation Gold Award, the dBA Design Effectiveness and the Red Dot Award in 2011;  in 2011 the ELGA PURELAB Pulse also received the Scientists Choice Award.

See also
 Veolia Environnement

References 

Veolia
Laboratory equipment manufacturers
1937 establishments in England
KSR 500 series locomotives. The 500 series locomotives are a group of diesel-electric and diesel-hydraulic locomotives bought either new or second-hand by the Korean State Railway from the Soviet Union and Russia. The series includes several types of locomotive, all numbered in the 내연5xx range. The exact assignment of running numbers is not known, nor is the total number of units imported - or even all the types included in this series. However, the following are known:
 ТЭМ1 - Diesel-electric. Soviet-made derivative of the American ALCO RSD-1. Around 20 units imported in the early 1990s. 내연569 is operational in the Namp'o area.
 ТЭМ2 - Diesel-electric. Further development of the ТЭМ1. Number imported is not known, but at least two – 내연587 is operational in the P'yŏngyang area in a livery like the ТЭМ1s, and another has been seen painted in the North Korean standard light blue over dark green colours.
 ТГМ3Б - Diesel-hydraulic. Eleven imported new from the USSR in 1972–73. Very similar to the SM15-class of the Polish State Railways. At least one converted to electric operation via pantograph.
 ТГМ4 - Diesel-hydraulic. Two imported new in 1985.
 ТГМ4БЛ - Diesel-hydraulic. Two imported new in 1991.
 ТГМ8Э - Diesel-hydraulic. Export version of ТГМ6, same as JŽ series 744. A total of nine were imported new - 4 in 1986 and 5 in 1990.

Some second hand broad gauge () units are operation around Rajin since the conversion of the Hongŭi Line from Tumangang on the DPRK-Russia border to Hongŭi, and of a section of the Hambuk Line from Hongŭi to Rajin to dual (standard and broad) gauge, completed in 2013.

Numbering
 내연565 - ТЭМ1
 내연567 - ТЭМ1
 내연569 - ТЭМ1
 내연573 - ТГМ8Э
 내연587 - ТЭМ2

Gallery

References

Diesel–electric locomotives of North Korea
Diesel–electric locomotives of the Soviet Union
Railway locomotives introduced in 1958
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
5 ft gauge locomotives
Kŭmsŏng-class locomotive. The Kŭmsŏng class (, "Gold Star") locomotives are an unlicensed copy of the Soviet-made M62-type diesel locomotive, built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang, North Korea.

Description
Starting in 1967, the Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory in Voroshilovgrad, USSR (now Luhansk, Ukraine), began production of 64 K62-class variants of the M62 for the Korean State Railway. The Kim Chong-t'ae works subsequently reverse-engineered these locomotives, along with their diesel engines and other components imported from the USSR. These efforts led to the production of the Kŭmsŏng class locomotives using both copied components and Russian-made parts.

In testing, the first prototype, numbered 8001, the goal of attaining a maximum speed of  was achieved, and the copy of the Kolomna 14D40 engine produced . However, reliability issues prevented mass production. The second unit, 8002, has been on display at the Three Revolutions Exhibition in P'yŏngyang since it was built. The first two units were both painted in a yellow and red livery, strikingly different from the blue and green scheme applied to the Soviet-made versions. 8001 is in service, pulling trains on the P'yŏngŭi Line.

There are a number of noticeable external differences between the Kŭmsŏng class locomotives and the Soviet-built M62s. The most immediately evident is the number and arrangement of the side windows, and the shape of the cab windows. Also very different are the headlights: the top light is round on the Kŭmsŏng instead of rectangular, and the main headlights are mounted in pairs, and higher up, than on the M62. Another readily noticeable difference is that the bogie frames are constructed with welded steel profiles.

Conversions to electric
Like the M62, some Kŭmsŏng class locomotives have also been converted to Kanghaenggun-class electric locomotives. Two have been seen so far - #0309 in dark green and white, and #399 in dark blue and white, but it is not known whether these were converted from existing Kŭmsŏng class locomotives originally built as diesels, or if the electrics use newly built bodies.

References

Diesel–electric locomotives of North Korea
Diesel–electric locomotives of the Soviet Union
Co′Co′ locomotives
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Songun Red Flag-class locomotive. The Sŏngun Red Flag (, Sŏngun Pulg'ŭn'gi) class is a group of electric locomotives manufactured by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works for the Korean State Railway.

Description

On 5 January 2011, the Korean Central News Agency announced that an unveiling ceremony had taken place for a new electric locomotive built by the Kim Chong-t'ae locomotive factory for the Korean State Railway. The primary design goal was to create a locomotive that produces higher power output with lower power usage.

Given the Sŏngun Red Flag class name by Kim Jong Il (much like the prototype of the Red Flag 1 locomotive was given its name by Kim Il Sung), the new locomotive is the first to be built in North Korea with asynchronous motors. Intended for use on freight trains in mountainous areas, it has a continuous power output of , resulting in a tractive effort nearly 1.5 times that of the Red Flag 1 class, while consuming 50% less power.

The twin-cab body rides on two two-axle, self-steering bogies with a computerised braking system. It is equipped with a computerised operation control system with four LCD display screens in each cab. Although the KCNA report claimed that this was developed domestically, the control system is made by CNR Dalian in China. This is also the case with the asynchronous motors, which are actually Chinese-made Xiangyang induction motors.

Numbered in the 0000 series, the prototype was painted in a special red and blue paint scheme, but production versions are painted in a variant of the new standard light green over dark green livery; this also differs from the prototype in some details, such as the fluting on the sides and the shape of the upper headlamp. At least one production unit has been seen numbered in the 4000 series (4071); this series is allotted to the Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyŏm-class class, although the highest known number assigned to one of those locomotives is 4056; this could mean that production units are now being numbered from 4070. The prototype has been used for a number of special events, including a ceremony in which Kim Jong Il inspected the prototype, saying that "production of modern railway vehicles is important to our railway modernisation policy." and the opening of the Songdowŏn Line on 23 September 2014 was marked by a special inaugural train pulled by the prototype. One of the production locomotives has been deployed to the Sinuiju Locomotive Brigade.

References

Locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2011
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Kanghaenggun-class locomotive. The Kanghaenggun-class (, "Forced March") is a class of electric locomotives for freight trains operated by the Korean State Railway on mainlines, especially the important P'yŏngŭi Line. They were converted to 3,000 V DC electric operation by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works from Soviet-built K62-class diesel locomotives.

A similar projects have been undertaken by the Azerbaijan Railways, who have converted one 2-section 2M62 locomotive to electric operation as well, using parts from a VL8 electric locomotive, and by a Polish train operating company , a subsidiary of Rail World, who used a bespoke electric equipment.

Description

Through the 1990s, North Korea suffered through a severe economic crisis, made worse by severe floods in 1995 and 1996, and a drought in 1997. This period is known as the "Arduous March" or "Forced March"; the class derives its name from this. The economic crisis also made obtaining diesel fuel extremely difficult, so the Korean State Railways decided to convert a number of diesel locomotives to electric operation, as intensive efforts have been made to restore as much generation of electricity as possible, with fair success over the past years.

As a result, in 1998 the Kim Chong-t'ae works began a program to convert the more decrepit M62-type diesels in the KSR's inventory to electric operation. This was achieved by removing the diesel engine, fuel tanks and other unneeded equipment, and the installation of the necessary transformers and related gear to convert the power collected from the overhead lines, via newly-installed pantographs, to the traction motors. The resulting unit is considerably lighter than the diesel version, and sound like oversized streetcars. Like the original diesels, these produce , making suitable for the same services as the diesels.

At least 21 Kanghaenggun-class locomotives have been rebuilt so far, numbered 강행군1.5-01 through 강행군1.5-21 (1.5 refers to 1 May, International Workers' Day). The previous identity of one unit is known - 1.5-13 was rebuilt from the former 632.

In addition to the units numbered in the 1.5-xx range, two others of this class have been noted, numbered 309 (painted dark green and white) and 399 (dark blue and white), which are distinctly different from the 1.5-series. Unlike those, which were rebuilt from original Soviet-built M62s, the bodies of these have all the distinctive features of the Kŭmsong-class, domestically built copies of the M62.

References

Locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1998
Co′Co′ locomotives
Red Flag 5000-8/1 class locomotive. The Red Flag 5000-8/1 (붉은기, Pulg'ŭn'gi) is a class of universal mainline electric locomotives built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works for the Korean State Railway.

In 1981, the Korean State Railway took delivery of seven Francorail-MTE CSE26-21 diesel locomotives from France, followed by five more in 1985. Due to oil shortages in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was decided to develop a new electric locomotive based on these diesels. Like all locomotive development in the DPRK, this work was carried out by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang.

Apparently intended as a replacement for the Red Flag 1-class locomotives, these locomotives, of which at least 41 have been built, incorporate components copied from the original French parts. Used for mainline passenger and freight service, they are painted in the standard light blue over dark green livery, or its newer light green/dark green variant.

Named locomotive 
There is one known named locomotive:

 Commemoration of the 7th Congress of the General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea (조선직업총동맹 제7차대회기념호, Chosonjigopchongdongmaeng che7chadaehoekinyom-ho), numbered 5437, painted in light green over dark green.

References

Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Chongnyonjol Kinyom-class locomotive. The Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyŏm-class (, "Youth Day Memorial") is composed of two groups of Bo-Bo electric locomotives operated by the Korean State Railway on passenger and freight trains throughout North Korea.

In 1981, the Korean State Railway took delivery of seven Francorail-MTE CSE26-21 diesel locomotives from France, followed by five more in 1985. Due to oil shortages in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was decided to convert these locomotives to 3,000 V DC electric operation, by removing the diesel engines and installing pantographs and other necessary electrical equipment; this work was carried out by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang. The result of this were the prototypes of the 5400-series Red Flag Co-Co locomotives.

The Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyŏm-class locomotives have a body and chassis design derived from that of the CSE26-21, but other component, such as the bogies, are identical to those used on earlier Bo-Bo locomotives such as the Red Flag 2000-class. Two versions, externally nearly identical, have been built - the 4000 series, and the 90000 series.

At least 56 units of the 4000 series locomotives were built, and are used primarily for freight trains on mainlines; however, they do occasionally turn up on passenger trains. Most are painted in the standard light blue over dark green livery or its newer variant that replaces the light blue with light green, but some are painted cream over red; two units, 4020 and 4022, has been seen carrying a special "Kŭmgang-ho" (금강호, "Kŭmgang-class) inscription. One example, number 4054, is painted in a unique yellow over green livery, and has been on display at the Museum of the Three Revolutions in P'yŏngyang since it was built.

At least seven examples of the 90000 series are operated primarily as traction for mainline passenger trains,  painted in the standard light blue over dark green livery.

A narrow-gauge version has also been built to operate on the Korean State Railway's electrified  gauge lines, painted in a yellow and red scheme, but neither the designation, series number or number built are known.

References

Locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
Saebyŏl-class locomotive. The Saebyŏl-class ( Saebyŏl, "New Star") is a medium-duty diesel-hydraulic shunting locomotive built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works for the Korean State Railway.

The Saebyŏl-class locomotives have a centrecab body design, with a full-width cab offset from the centre towards the rear of the locomotive and external walkways along the engine compartment hoods, and are slightly larger than the Red Flag-class shunters. They are powered by a  diesel engine with a hydrokinetic transmission, and have a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement.

Numbered in the 3000 series, they are painted overall dark green with a yellow stripe. Possibly over 200 have been built; they are used primarily for shunting works in mainline stations in North Korea, and can frequently be seen on the P'yŏngŭi Line and other mainlines. The class name, if written in Hanja, is 新星. In this case, these hanja are read as saebyŏl (새별, "New Star"; however, the Soviet-built K62 (M62)-class locomotives have the class name Sinsŏng (신성, "Nova"), which are written with the same hanja. In practice this is not an issue, as the use of Chinese characters to write Korean is officially discouraged in the DPRK.

Electric shunters
An unknown number of Saebyŏl-class diesel shunters have been converted to 3,000 V DC electric operation by the removal of the diesel engine and the addition of pantographs and other necessary equipment; this work was carried out at the Kim Chong-t'ae Works. The rebuilt units retain their original number and paint.

References

Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
Shunting locomotives
Red Flag 2000-class locomotive. The Red Flag 2000-class ( Pulg'ŭn'gi-2000) is an electric locomotive built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works for the Korean State Railway, intended for use as a marshalling locomotive. They are used primarily for hauling non-express passenger trains on mainlines in North Korea; they are frequently seen on the P'yŏngŭi Line.

Internally, in terms of their electrical and mechanical components, the Red Flag 2000-class locomotives are based on the Red Flag 1-class, but with Bo-Bo wheel arrangement, riding on two-axle roller bearing bogies. The boxy body is of a hood-type design, with a cab at one end, external walkways around the long hood. They are generally operated with the long hood forward. Producing , they entered service in 1968. At least 43 were built, numbered 붉은기2001 to 붉은기2043, and most are painted in the standard light blue over dark blue livery, though a few have been noted in the newer two-tone light green over dark green scheme. One locomotive, number 2015, carries special titles on the sides reading Chŏngju Sŏnyon-ho (정주소년호, "Chŏngju Youth-class"). This is a feature shared with rebuilt locomotives of the Red Flag 1 and Red Flag 2 classes, but it is not known if this means this unit has been rebuilt.

References

Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1968
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Red Flag 7-class locomotive. The Red Flag 7-class  ( Pulg'ŭn'gi-7), also known as the Red Flag 2.16 class (붉은기2.16 Pulg'ŭn'gi-2.16) is a two-section, permanently coupled electric locomotive built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in North Korea and used by the Korean State Railway for heavy freight trains on mountainous lines.

Description

Following the success of the Red Flag 6-class articulated locomotives, the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works set to the development of a successor in the early 1990s. The new design integrated updated mechanical and electric components, allowing for a maximum speed of 120 km/h with a power output of . They are essentially an upgraded, two-part version of the Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyom-class locomotives, which are a locally manufactured derivative of the Francorail-MTE CSE26-21-type diesel locomotives received by the Korean State Railway from France in the 1980s.

The first two prototypes were numbered 7001 and 7002, and both were painted in different variations of a red and yellow livery. Misleadingly, 7001 wore "Red Flag 6" nameplates on the cab ends; 7002, however, carried new nameplates inscribed with the new designation, Red Flag 2.16 class, after the birthdate of Kim Jong-il.

Aside from the two prototypes, locomotives of this class have not yet been noted on rail lines generally seen by foreigners, though two have been seen inside the Kim Chong-t'ae Works plant. 7002 was on display at the Museum of the Three Revolutions in P'yŏngyang for a time, but by the spring of 2007 it had been removed and put into service in the northern part of the country.

References

Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Red Flag 6-class locomotive. The Red Flag 6-class ( Pulg'ŭn'gi-6) is a  two-section, permanently coupled electric locomotive built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works and used by the Korean State Railway for heavy freight trains on mountainous lines.

Description

As the electrification of the Korean State Railway's network continued into the 1980s, the Red Flag 1 and Red Flag 2 class locomotives were the dominant type in service under the wires. However, with the electrification of steep mountain lines, it was realised that a more powerful locomotive was needed. Therefore, the Kim Chong-tae Electric Locomotive Works began design work on an articulated locomotive to operate freight trains on the difficult mountainous sections.

Using the Red Flag 2 class as a starting point, the Red Flag 6 (붉은기6, Pulg'ŭn'gi-6) class was developed. The result was a permanently coupled Bo'Bo'+Bo'Bo' articulated locomotive with eight capacitors, made up of two sections; these sections are single-cab versions of the Red Flag 2. The Red Flag 6 class is thus an articulated descendant of the Škoda Type 30E, which had formed the basis for the design of the Red Flag 1 and Red Flag 2 after North Korea bought a licence to build the type, including technology transfer, from Czechoslovakia. The first prototype was shown in 1981.

Numbered in the 6000 series, production of the new design began in 1986, and was put into service in 1987 to haul freight trains on the P'yŏngra Line. These four-bogie, eight-axle articulated units are  long, weigh  and produce . They have a maximum speed of  and can pull . Trial runs with passenger trains were undertaken, but the type is now mainly used on east-west freight trains on the P'yŏngra Line. The first prototype received a cream over red paint scheme, but production units are painted in the standard light blue over dark green livery.

Named locomotives 
There are three known named Red Flag 6 locomotives:

 Light (광명호, Kwangmyong-ho) - one locomotive, painted in cream over blue with a white stripe, named personally by Kim Jong Il, symbolising the bright future of students and youth,
 Thousand-ri of liberation No.1 (광복의천리길1호, Kwangbokuicholligil1-ho) - one known locomotive,
Thousand-ri of liberation No.2 (광복의천리길2호, Kwangbokuicholligil2-ho) - one known locomotive, painted in light green over dark green.

References

Locomotives of North Korea
Kim Chong-tae Works locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1981
Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ locomotives