omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dublin Statement. The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development, also known as the Dublin Principles, was a meeting of experts on water related problems that took place on 31 January 1992 at the International Conference on Water and the Environment (ICWE), Dublin, Ireland, organised on 26–31 January 1992.

The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development recognises the increasing scarcity of water as a result of the different conflicting uses and overuses of water.

The Dublin Principles 

The declaration sets out recommendations for action at local, national and international levels to reduce the scarcity, through the following four guiding principles:

Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment
Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy-makers at all levels
Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water
Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good

Water as a human right or economic good? 

The emphasis of the Dublin Statement on the economic value of water rather than water as a universal right is highly contested by NGOs and human rights activists (although the full text of principle 4 does state it is vital to recognize first the basic right of all human beings to have access to clean water and sanitation at an affordable price)

In November 2002, however, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights adopted General Comment No. 15, which was formulated by experts as a comment on articles 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In this comment, water is recognised not only as a limited natural resource and a public good but also as a human right. This step - adopting General Comment No. 15 - was seen as a decisive step towards the recognition of water as universal right.

On 30 September 2010, the 15th Session of the UN Human Rights Council passed Resolution A/HRC/15/L.14, reaffirming an earlier General Assembly resolution (64/292 of 28 July 2010) which recognized the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights. Resolution A/HRC/15/L.14 clarifies that the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation is derived from the right to an adequate standard of living and inextricably related to the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, as well as the right to life and human dignity.

See also 
Integrated Water Resources Management
Global Water Partnership
Right to water
Water scarcity
WASH - Water, sanitation, hygiene

References 

United Nations documents
1992 in international relations
Human rights
B.A.J. IVC.2. 

The B.A.J. IV C2 (or the Boncourt-Audenis-Jacob Type IV) was a French two-seat fighter designed and built by Boncourt-Audenis-Jacob, (Monsieur Boncourt, Charles Audenis & Jean Jacob), at Bron.

Design and development
The IVC.2 was an equal-span two-bay biplane powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 8Fb inline piston engine. It was fitted with a fixed and synchronised forward firing Vickers machine-gun and the observer had a mounted twin Lewis Gun. The type was ordered by the French government in May 1918 as the Type IV C2 and by November the prototype was test flying from Villacoublay. Testing went well, but the prototype was returned to Bron for repairs, replaced by the second prototype. A fire in late 1918 at Bron led to the development of the type being abandoned.

Specifications

References

Further reading

1910s French fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
MSM7000. MSM7000 is a series of system-on-a-chip processors manufactured by Qualcomm for handheld devices, especially smartphones.

These SOCs have multiple processing cores but unlike contemporary processor chips like AMD's Athlon/Phenom and Intel's Core series, these multiple cores are not available in the OS to run applications that have symmetric multiprocessing properties.  There is only one core to run the OS and user applications.

Generally these SOCs have the following 4 cores:

 Applications processor, ARM1136J-S, running Windows Mobile /  Android / Linux / etc.
 Applications DSP, QDSP5000, does coding/decoding for media.
 Baseband processor, ARM9, running a real-time OS and the GSM stack
 Baseband DSP, QDSP4000, does coding/decoding for telephony

Apart from the CPU cores the chips contain such hardware as 2D graphics hardware, 3D (OpenGL ES 1.1) graphics hardware, media acceleration hardware (for video decode, etc.), and various interfaces (keyboard, display / MDDI, USB, camera, TV, etc.). They also contain an AXI controller, a kind of memory control unit.

They are widely used in smartphones produced by HTC Corporation (including both Windows Mobile and Android devices), Sony Ericsson, LG Group, Samsung, ZTE, and also other devices like the Zeebo.

MSM7200, MSM7200A, MSM7201, MSM7201A
The A versions have higher specs (frequencies) and a smaller manufacturing process (65 nm vs. 90 nm). The 7x01 versions have a different radio than the 7x00 versions.

Popular phones using these processors:
MSM7200 400 MHz (384 MHz in real) 90 nm; HTC Touch Dual/Touch Cruise, HTC S730, HTC TyTN II
MSM7201 400 MHz 90 nm; Palm Treo Pro, Pharos Traveler 117, Pharos Traveler 127
MSM7200A 528 MHz 65 nm; HTC Magic, HTC Hero GSM, HTC Tilt 2, Motorola CLIQ, Motorola CLIQ XT, Motorola Backflip, Samsung i7500 Galaxy, T-Mobile Pulse UK, Sony Ericsson Xperia X1
MSM7201A 528 MHz 65 nm; HTC Dream, HTC Magic, HTC Diamond, T-Mobile Comet US(Huawei Ideos U8150), HTC Touch Pro, Zeebo

MSM7500, MSM7501, MSM7500A, MSM7501A
Basically the same as the MSM7200, but with CDMA radio replacing the GSM radio.
The A versions have higher specs (frequencies) and a smaller manufacturing process (65 nm vs. 90 nm). The 7x01 versions have a different radio than the 7x00 versions.

MSM7600, MSM7601, MSM7600A, MSM7601A
Same as the MSM7200A, but with both GSM and CDMA functionality, each of which can be optionally disabled.
The A versions have higher specs (frequencies) and a smaller manufacturing process (65 nm vs. 90 nm). The 7x01 versions have a different radio than the 7x00 versions.

Popular phones using these processors:
MSM7600A 528 MHz 65 nm; HTC Hero CDMA, HTC Touch Pro2 - Verizon CDMA specs BlackBerry 8530

MSM7x25
MSM7225 and MSM7625 was later included in the Snapdragon S1 family, see Snapdragon S1

MSM7x27

MSM7227 and MSM7627 was later included in the Snapdragon S1 family, see Snapdragon S1

MSM7x30
MSM7230 and MSM7630 was later included in the Snapdragon S2 family, see Snapdragon S2

References

Embedded microprocessors
Qualcomm
System on a chip
Fly by Wire (book). Fly by Wire: The Geese, the Glide, the Miracle on the Hudson is a book written in 2009 by William Langewiesche about US Airways Flight 1549 with emphasis on the role played by the advanced fly-by-wire flight control system of the aircraft.

The following is an excerpt:

...the NTSB ran a study of the choices available. A simulator was programmed to duplicate the circumstances of Sullenberger's bird strike...and four pilots were enlisted to fly a series of attempts on LaGuardia.  In the setup there were two important differences from the actual flight. First, the starting point was the location of the bird strike itself, not the location where Sullenberger came out of his turn. Second, the pilots knew the game in advance. ... In every case where the pilots were allowed to respond immediately to the loss of thrust by making a quick turn back to the airport, every one of them was able to land safely. ... In recognition [of the need to account for reaction time] the NTSB then imposed a thirty-second delay before allowing the simulator pilots to fly their returns--and every one of them crashed.Sullenberger made the right decision. No matter what. ... Even if people had died because of landing in the Hudson. Going for Runway 13 [at LaGuardia] would have been a crapshoot in an environment of obstacle-strewn waters, where missing the runway by fifty feet is like missing it by a mile.

External links

Aviation books
2009 non-fiction books
Bellanger-Denhaut 22. 

The Bellanger-Denhaut 22 (sometimes known by the military designation Bellanger-Denhaut HB.3) was a twin-engined bomber/reconnaissance flying boat designed by François Denhaut the technical director for seaplanes for the car manufacturer Bellanger.

Design and development
The B-D 22 was an unequal span biplane powered by two  Hispano-Suiza 8Fd  inline piston engines. It had an open cockpit forward of the wings for the pilot and co-pilot to sit side-by-side and gunner's positions midships and at the bow and the wings could be folded for stowage. The French Naval aviation ordered five and designated them as the HB.3 although they appear to have been little used. A commercial transport version was developed with the gunner's positions removed and a cabin for six passengers installed behind the pilot's cockpit.

Operators

French Navy five as the HB.3

Specifications (B-D 22)

See also

References

Bellanger aircraft
1920s French bomber aircraft
Flying boats
Biplanes
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Tigerfish Aviation. Tigerfish Aviation is an aerospace research and development company based in Norwood, South Australia. The company has been developing a retractable pontoon system for the float plane industry, which has been patented as Retractable Amphibious Pontoon Technology or RAPT since the late 1990s.

RAPT system
Retractable Amphibious Pontoon Technology(RAPT) is a retractable float concept which aims to reduce aerodynamic drag by folding the floats into a pannier under the fuselage of the aircraft.  The reduction in drag increases performance of the aircraft and reduces its operating cost, such as fuel consumption. Reduction in drag increases the range, payload, speed, and productivity of the aircraft.  Drag reduction occurs due to the reduction of surface area exposed to the airstream and concealing the hydrodynamic features of the floats. It is designed as a retrofit, and is potentially capable of application to any existing aircraft. The technology has been applied on a one-sixth scale Cessna Caravan for concept-proving.

Technical details
As of 2010, Dornier 228 NG is the first proposed aircraft to be retrofitted for the RAPT system, besides the small-scale Cessna.  The retractable float system can be used in a varying range of aircraft including regional aircraft, utility aircraft, executive aircraft, military transports, VLJs, and UAVs. The University of Adelaide, with assistance of the South Australian Government, has performed CFD analysis and studies on the DHC-6 Twin Otter showing that the RAPT system would result in a cost benefit. Unlike traditional floats, RAPT pontoons are made of lightweight composite materials, but suffer additional mass penalties due to the electric, hydraulic and structural systems required to retract the pontoons. Total mass penalty has been estimated at  for a Dornier 228 NG variant.

See also
 Float plane
 Amphibious aircraft
 Seaplane
 Flying boats
 Dornier 228 NG

References

External links
Video of the RAPT system in operation
CFD Analysis of the Tigerfish Retractable Float System on a DHC-Twin Otter
Tigerfish Aviation Website
RUAG Dornier 228 NG
Aviation Weekly

Aerospace companies of Australia
UdiWWW. UdiWWW is an early, now discontinued freeware graphical HTML 3.2 web browser for 16-bit and 32-bit Microsoft Windows. It was written and developed by Bernd Richter in C/C++ from 1995 to 1996. Following the release of version 1.2 in April 1996, Richter ceased development, stating "let Microsoft with the ActiveX Development Kit do the rest."

UdiWWW was among the first web browsers to support the then proposed HTML 3.0 standard. In doing so, it was also among the first browsers to support the specifications html math, html figures, and the PNG image format, which other leading browsers at the time such as Netscape and Internet Explorer 2.0 did not. The browser gained some popularity during 1996, but after development was abandoned, the browser fell out of favor.

The browser is no longer available from its original homepage.  However, it (and its source) can still be downloaded from mirror sites.

History
UdiWWW was created for the UDINE Projekt (Universal Document Information and Navigation Environment). UDINE was started in 1992 and the goal was to "create a flexible, multimedia information system that is able to show different files (text, picture, audio, and video) with a similar user interface on different systems."
To be able to read "web information" the UDINE project was expanded by a web browser. It was not able to integrate common browsers like the NCSA Mosaic because of the client-server architecture without modification. The source code of Mosaic was not available at that time, so the university started their own project. UDINE-WWW-Viewer was created and had most features of HTML 3 integrated.

Features
UdiWWW has the following features as of Version 1.2:
 
It also features a clock in the lower right hand corner that tells how long the browser has been up.

There is no official help file; rather, in the included .hlp file, Bernd Richter stated, "This help file was automatically created by the developing environment and is quite useless. As you know, UdiWWW is a 'One Man Show' and the author could not find time for writing help files."

Criticism
UdiWWW was criticized for lacking many advanced features like news, FTP, HTML4, Dynamic HTML, support for targeted windows, a "new window" command for launching multiple sessions, client side image mapping, and security.  It was also seen to be slow.

Further reading

References

External links
 
 UdiWWW Download, Internet.com
 
 UdiWWW, Evolt.org
 Experiences with UdiWWW
 UdiWWW, The Winsock-L FTP Area
 Screenshots of UdiWWW, ImageShack

1995 software
1996 software
Windows web browsers
Discontinued web browsers
Gopher (protocol)
Airconcept VoWi 10. 

The Airconcept VoWi-10 is a German two-seat ultralight monoplane designed by Helmut Wilden.

Design and development
The single-seat prototype high-wing braced monoplane was built by Wilden and first flew 16 April 1975. Due to the interest raised by the prototype Wilden set about re-designing the type as a two-seater that would be capable of series production or in kit form for homebuilders. A new company  Airconcept Flugzeug und Gerätebau GmbH was formed to produce and market the type. The prototype production two-seater first flew in 1978.

Specifications

References
http://www.airconcept-enterprises.com/

Notes

Bibliography

 

1970s German civil utility aircraft
1970s German ultralight aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1975
Bardeen. Bardeen may refer to:

Charles Russell Bardeen (1871–1935), American anatomist, first dean of the medical school of the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Charles V. Bardeen (1850–1903), American jurist
Charles William Bardeen (1847–1924), American educator
George Bardeen (1850–1924), American businessman and politician from Michigan
James M. Bardeen (1939–2022), American physicist
John Bardeen (1908–1991), American physicist and electrical engineer; co-inventor of the transistor; twice Nobel Prize winner
William A. Bardeen (born 1941), American theoretical physicist, son of John Bardeen
Hermann Rahn. Hermann Rahn (July 5, 1912 – June 23, 1990) was an early leader in the field of environmental physiology. He graduated from Cornell University in 1933. Starting out in the field of zoology with a PhD from University of Rochester (1938), Rahn began teaching physiology at the University of Rochester in 1941. It was there that he partnered with Wallace O. Fenn to publish A Graphical Analysis of the Respiratory Gas Exchange in 1955.  This paper included the landmark O2-CO2 diagram, which formed basis for much of Rahn's future work.  Rahn's research into applications of this diagram lead to the development of aerospace medicine and advancements in hyperbaric breathing and high-altitude respiration.

Rahn later joined the University at Buffalo in 1956 as the Lawrence D. Bell Professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology.  As chairman, Rahn surrounded himself with outstanding faculty and made the university an international research center in environmental physiology. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1968. He served as the President of the American Physiological Society from 1963 to 1964.

In 1981, Hermann Rahn became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.

References

External links
 

American physiologists
1912 births
1990 deaths
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Cornell University alumni
University of Rochester alumni
20th-century American zoologists
University at Buffalo faculty
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
VoluMill. VoluMill is Computer Aided Manufacturing software developed by Celeritive Technologies that produces a toolpath designed for High Speed Machining applications. These applications include all 2-axis and 3-axis rough milling tasks, from simple prismatic parts to complex freeform molds. VoluMill is offered as a standalone version called VoluMill Universal, which is designed to work with any CAM system, and also as integrated versions that run inside hyperMILL, GibbsCAM, BobCAD-CAM, SigmaNEST, Mastercam, and NX (Unigraphics), RTM (Lemoine Technologies)

VoluMill was created to address the four problem areas of traditional toolpaths:

 The initial full cut into the material
 Stepping over between cuts
 Feeding into new areas of the part
 Overloading in corners

See also
 Computer-aided manufacturing

References

External links
 Official VoluMill Website from Celeritive

Computer-aided manufacturing software
Béchereau SAB C.1. 

The Béchereau SAB C.1 was a French single-seat fighter biplane designed by a team led by Louis Béchereau who had designed biplane fighters for SPAD including the SPAD S.VII.

Design and development
The C.I was a two-bay single-seat fighter biplane powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 8Fb inline piston engine. Without any production facilities the aircraft was built by Levasseur and five aircraft were built and tested during 1918. Following the end of the first world war the aircraft was not developed further and did not enter production.

Specifications

References

1910s French fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Bowlus 1-S-2100. The Bowlus 1-S-2100 Senior Albatross is a 1930s single-seat glider designed by William Hawley Bowlus for Bowlus Sailplane Company Ltd. The aircraft is based on a prototype glider the "Super Sailplane" designed by Bowlus, and instructor Martin Schempp, built by students at the Curtiss-Wright Technical Institute.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

Coates, Andrew, Jane's World Sailplanes and Motorgliders. London. Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1978. 
Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1920 - 1945 (Volume 1). Eqip Werbung & Verlag Gmbh (2004)

External links

Bowlus 1-S-2100 Senior Albatross
Bowlus 1-S-2100 Senior Albatross in National Air and Space Museum 
Images of the Senior Albatross in the National Soaring Museum

1930s United States sailplanes
Glider aircraft
1-S-2100
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Paul H. Knepper. Paul H. Knepper was an American aircraft engineer.

Early life 
Knepper was born in Tamaqua, Pennsylvania.

Career
He worked at several aircraft companies before becoming an instructor at the Pittsburgh Institute of Aeronautics, where he designed his first airplane, the Ka-1 Crusader as a prototype for a training plane that he wanted to commercially produce in Lehighton, Pennsylvania. The two-seater featured an innovative tricycle landing gear with a wheel under its nose, instead of the tail, from dragging upon landing.

Although advanced for its day the Crusader was never commercially produced, since World War II forced a halt in the manufacture of commercial aircraft. 

In 1990, friends of Paul Knepper restored the Crusader, and it was donated by his widow, Ruth I. Knepper to the State Museum of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg.

References

Aircraft designers
People from Tamaqua, Pennsylvania
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Boom (ship). A boum/boom () (), known as dhangi in India, is a medium-sized deep-sea dhow, a traditional Arabic sailing vessel.

This type of dhow has two masts with lateen sails, a stern that is tapering in shape and a more symmetrical overall structure than other dhow types. The Arab boum has a very high prow, which is trimmed in the Indian version.

History
The boum replaced the heavier baghlahs and ghanjahs which were more difficult to maneuver. Booms were mainly built in Beypore, Konkan and Gujarat, India, and Kuwait and are primarily used along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Sindh, the west coast of the Indian Subcontinent, and East Africa.

Nowadays some Booms have been converted into motorboats after being fitted with engines instead of sails, especially in the Persian Gulf area.
A boum in full sail is represented in the Emblem of Kuwait, emphasizing its traditional importance in the country, where it was used to carry fresh water and in the pearl industry, as well as a trading ship.

See also
Kuwait Scientific Center
Uru (boat)
Ghanjah
Shu'ai

References

Further reading 
Clifford W. Hawkins, The dhow: an illustrated history of the dhow and its world.

External links

Kuwait boum

Dhow types
Sailing ships
Arab inventions
Tall ships
Blanchard BB-1. 

The Blanchard BB-1 was a 1920s French racing flying-boat designed and built by Société des Avions Blanchard to compete in Schneider Trophy.

Design and development
The BB-1 was a single-seat parasol-wing monoplane flying-boat powered by a  Gnome-Rhône Jupiter radial piston engine. The BB-1 was tested in 1924 but the performance was poor and the aircraft was not developed further and was scrapped.

Specifications

See also

References

Flying boats
1920s French sport aircraft
Racing aircraft
BB-1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1924