omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Write Once Read Forever. Write Once Read Forever (WORF) is a data storage method which allows users to write data once and allows storage of the users data without ever being refreshed. This differs from common digital storage techniques such as drives that need to be re-written often to prevent loss or corruption of data. WORF was tested on the International Space Station in 2019.

Method

WORF uses a novel high-density patented data storage mechanism based on silver halide, which after substantial testing has been determined to last for more than a century under conventional ambient environmental conditions. WORF digital data is stored as microscopic, metallic, interference-created standing waves (representing narrowband ‟colors” ) embedded in a modern, super-resolution, dye-free, photosensitive emulsion. Wavelengths encode multiple superimposed states allowing complex data permutations to be stored per data region. Permutations enable extremely high data density to be stored on WORF media. Multi-state data architecture within each domain also enhances data integrity, error-checking, and accelerates parallel writing and reading for the entire media module. Once data is written to WORF, energy is needed only for reading—no periodic refresh is necessary, and data is both immutable and truly permanent. Human readable text and images are embedded in the WORF module adjacent to the digital data. This text and imagery contain meta- information about the media's content, and instructions for decoding for future generations.

NASA Experiment
WORF payload was delivered and docked to the International Space Station (ISS) via SpaceX CRS-17 on May 9, 2019. NASA's ISS test will determine if WORF media can survive a hostile space environment during long-term space missions, such as Lunar, Mars missions, and beyond. The WORF media payload will stay on the ISS for up to one year. 

Due to a previous NASA mission already named WORF, NASA renamed the experiment HELIOS (Hardened Extremely Long Life Information Optical Storage). The HELIOS mission returned to Earth and was deemed a success with the stored data showing no significant decay after six months of space conditions and solar radiation. WORF technology for the HELIOS experiment uses a proven archival media, redesigned, re-purposed and patented by CTech to store digital data for long periods, measured in decades and possibly centuries.

References

External links
 WORF @ Creative Technology

Data storage
Computer data storage
Solid-state computer storage
Computer storage devices
Science experiments
International Space Station experiments
Space science experiments
Space exposure experiments
Lara Knutson. Lara Knutson (born 1974) is an American Artist and Industrial Designer. based in New York.

A native of Beach Haven, New Jersey, Knutson became interested in light reflecting off seashells and the water. She has a degree in architecture and a master's degree in industrial design from Pratt Institute She uses reflective glass materials in most of her work, focused on the various light effects when light hits these materials. Knutson was among the Artists featured in the exhibit "40 Under 40: Craft Futures" at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Museum of American Art, and one of her pieces was acquired by the museum. She also has a piece in the permanent collection of the Corning Museum of Glass. Her jewelry has been featured on the cover of the Museum of Modern Art's design store catalog.

References

1974 births
Living people
21st-century American artists
21st-century American women artists
Pratt Institute alumni
People from Beach Haven, New Jersey
Artists from New Jersey
American artists
Enzo Tonti. Enzo Tonti (30 October 1935 – 10 June 2021) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, known for his contributions to engineering and mathematical physics.

Life 

Enzo Tonti was born in Milan. He attended a fine arts high school. He graduated in Mathematics and Physics at the University of Milan in 1961. He began work there in 1962 as a research assistant in the field of mathematical physics. In 1976, he accepted a professorship at the Engineering Faculty of the University of Trieste. After retirement, he was nominated professor emeritus. He married in 1962 and had three children (two daughters and one son).

Selected publications

Journal articles
Tonti E. A direct discrete formulation of field laws: The cell method. CMES- Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences. 2001 Jan 1;2(2):237-58.
Tonti E. Finite formulation of the electromagnetic field. Progress in electromagnetics research,  2001. 32, pp. 1–44.
Tonti E. Finite formulation of the electromagnetic field.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2002 Aug 7;38(2):333-6. 
Tonti E. The reason for analogies between physical theories. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 1976 Jun 1;1(1):37-50  
Tonti E. Variational formulation for every nonlinear problem. International Journal of Engineering Science. 1984 Jan 1;22(11-12):1343-71.

Books
Tonti, Enzo. The Mathematical Structure of Classical and Relativistic Physics A General Classification Diagram. Springer. 2013.

References

External links

Italian physicists
Italian mathematicians
1935 births
2021 deaths
Orna Kupferman. Orna Kupferman is a Professor of Computer Science and former Vice Rector at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2016.

Early life and education 
Kupferman served in the Israel Defense Force from 1986 to 1988. She earned her PhD at the Technion in 1995, where she was supervised by Orna Grumberg. In 1996 Kupferman joined the technical staff at Bell Labs. She moved to University of California, Berkeley in 1997, working with Thomas Henzinger.

Research and career 
In 1998 Kupferman was appointed a Senior Lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She acted as Head of Computer Science from 2005 to 2008, and as Head of Engineering between 2008 and 2011. She was made a Full Professor in 2008. In 2012 Kupferman was awarded a European Research Council grant to study high-quality reactive systems. She is developing formal verification and synthesis computer systems for both hardware and software. She uses automata theory approaches to check branching-time models.

Kupferman has served as the Advisor on Gender Issues for the President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She has spoken about the challenges achieving gender balance in academia at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She called for the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to end gender segregated education.

Kupferman was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2016. She was also awarded the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Michael Milken Prize for long-standing Excellence in Teaching.

Kupferman has served on the editorial board of Formal Methods in System Design and Logical Methods in Computer Science. She is Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Computational Logic.

Selected publications

References 

Israeli women computer scientists
Israeli computer scientists
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Members of Academia Europaea
20th-century women scientists
21st-century women scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Akagera Aviation School. Akagera Aviation School (AAS), is an aviation training school in Rwanda, that provides training for prospective pilots, for both rotary and fixed wing aircraft, serving the Rwanda Defence Force, RwandAir and General Aviation.

Location
The headquarters of the school are located at Kigali International Airport, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. The geographical coordinates of the campus of Akagera Aviation School are: 01°57'48.0"S, 30°08'06.5"E (Latitude:-1.963333; Longitude:30.135139).

Overview
The training institution is privately owned by Rwanda Aviation, a company that markets helicopters for sale and/or for hire. The school was established to address the shortage of flight professionals in Rwanda and the region. As of December 2017, RwandAir has 150 pilots, of whom only 25 are Rwandans, and only two are Rwandan captains. The school plans to start training aircraft mechanics and aircraft service crew, at a later date.

Class sizes
The commercial pilot courses for both helicopters and fixed wing aircraft last 18 months. The helicopter pilot class size is about 11 individuals, with intake every June. The fixed wing aircraft pilot class size is 20 students, with intake, every February. The majority of graduates from these classes find employment with RwandaAir and with the Rwanda military.

See also
Transport in Rwanda

References

External links
 Website of Akagera Aviation School
 Akagera Inks Deal With Saudi Firm for Rwanda's First Aviation Academy As of 3 July 2019.

Schools in Kigali
Aviation schools
Aviation schools in Rwanda
Companies of Rwanda
Education companies established in 2013
2013 establishments in Rwanda
Xavier Intes. Xavier Intes is a French professor of physics and biomedical engineering and co-director of the BioImaging Center at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Life and career
Intes had obtained his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from University of Western Brittany in 1992, 1994, and 1998 respectively. In 1999 he joined Britton Chance's laboratory as a postdoc at the University of Pennsylvania and under his mentorship studied biochemistry and biophysics of radiology. He also did postdoctoral training at the Department of Astronomy and Physics where Arjun Yodh was his mentor. From 2001-2003, he served as the director at the Research of the Medical Diagnostic Research Foundation and at the Research of Optical Devices. He also served as Chief Scientist in Advanced Research Technologies from 2003-2006.  Since 2006, he is a part of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's faculty where he now currently serves as a Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering.

Awards and fellowships
Fellow of the AIMBE (2016)
Fellow of the SPIE (2019)
Fellow of the OSA (2019)

References

External links

20th-century births
Living people
University of Western Brittany alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Northeastern University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
21st-century French physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Zhan Wenshan. Zhan Wenshan (; February 1941 – 9 May 2019) was a Chinese electrical engineer and physicist who specialized in the research of magnetism. He was the founding director of the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also served as professor and vice director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Biography 
Zhan was born in February 1941. After graduating from the Department of Physics of the University of Science and Technology of China in 1963, he began working for the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He later served as Director of the National Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Vice Director of the Institute of Physics.

When the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established in June 1999, Zhan was appointed its first director.

Zhan published more than 100 research papers and supervised dozens of master's and doctoral students, as well as postdoctoral researchers. He also held 16 patents in China and the United States. His research won the 1978 National Science Congress Award and the 1980 Chinese Academy of Sciences First Prize.

Zhan died of an illness on 9 May 2019 in Beijing, at the age of 78.

References 

1941 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Chinese engineers
20th-century Chinese physicists
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese physicists
Magneticians
University of Science and Technology of China alumni
Angel Fire Airport. Angel Fire Airport  is a county-owned public-use airport located  north of the central business district of Angel Fire, a town in Colfax County, New Mexico. It is included in the US National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which falls under the US FAA category of "general aviation facility".

Facilities and aircraft 
Angel Fire Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of  above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 17/35 with an asphalt surface measuring . For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2010, the airport had 30 aircraft operations, an average of 2 per month: 67% general aviation and 33% military. 

The airport briefly saw commercial air service during the winter of 1986/1987 when Mesa Airlines provided a daily flight to Albuquerque. After 38 years, scheduled service is planned to return for the winter of 2024/2025 by Advanced Air with a commuter flight to Albuquerque as well.

Airlines and destinations

References

External links 
 
 

Airports in New Mexico
Buildings and structures in Colfax County, New Mexico
Transportation in Colfax County, New Mexico
Balçova Gondola. The Balçova Gondola () is a two-station aerial lift line of gondola type in İzmir, Turkey. Situated in the district of Balçova, it operates between Yeşiloğlu Hill and the summit of Dede Mountain. It is the second oldest aerial lift in the country, after the Bursa Uludağ Aerial Tramway.

Balçova Gondola was first constructed between 1972-1973 by a Germany-based company and began operating on 24 March 1974. The construction cost was 695,000 mark. In 2008, following a report by the İzmir Branch of Chamber of Mechanical Engineers, the line was closed down due to security reasons. The construction of the  long current line began in April 2013 and completed in 2015 with a cost of ₺15.5 million. The gondola line is owned by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality.

Features
 Length: 
 Height difference: 
 Speed: max. 5 m/s
 Ridership: 1,200 hourly
 Number of cabins: 20
 Cabin capacity: 8
 Cable diameter: 45 mm

See also
 List of gondola lifts in Turkey

References

Gondola lifts in Turkey
1974 establishments in Turkey
Transport infrastructure completed in 1974
Tourist attractions in İzmir
Buildings and structures in İzmir
Balçova
George N. Baird. George N. Baird is an American computer scientist. From 1967 into the 1970s, Baird worked on computer programming languages in the United States Navy under Grace Hopper. He later worked for the National Bureau of Standards. In 1974, he was awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award in 1974 for "his successful development and implementation of the Navy's COBOL Compiler Validation System."

References

Further reading
 

Living people
Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates
Year of birth missing (living people)
PGE EV.1K Fecske. The PGE EV.1K Fecske () was a high performance Hungarian sailplane designed and flown in the late 1960s. The sole example was destroyed in a fatal crash in 1970.

Development

In 1964 a group of young engineers from the Pest County Machine Works began work on a glider designed to out-perform all previous Hungarian sailplanes. In 1965 the Works put out a call for designs; the engineers submitted theirs which was judged runner-up and good enough to build. A team of seven began the detailed design in 1967 and the EV.1.K Fecske first flew on 18 September 1969.

After completing a flight-test programme and obtaining certification for all aerobatic manoeuvres apart from outside loops, the Fecske was handed over to the Hungarian Glider Team for operational tests. In October 1970 serious pilot error led to the loss of both wings and a fatal crash. No more Fecskes were built.

Design

The Fecske was an all-metal aircraft. Its shoulder-mounted, two-part wing was tetrahedral in plan, with an unswept leading edge. Its core monocoque structure was unusual, essentially a box spar occupying about 45% of the chord with its upper and lower surfaces, stiffened with span-wise z-section longerons, defining part of the laminar flow aerofoil. The pre-formed dural sheet leading edge was supported by ribs and the rear wing was also dural-skinned, internally stiffened with polyurethane foam. Narrow chord, split, plain ailerons filled about 45% of the outer trailing edge and split airbrakes the inner 45%.

The dural-skinned, elliptical-section fuselage was built around a conventional combination of frames connected behind the cockpit by eight z-section longerons. The forward fuselage was similar apart from three absent upper longerons. The pilot was placed ahead of the wing, under a long, two-part canopy which carefully followed the shape of the fuselage.  A fixed monowheel at the centre of gravity was assisted by a flush skid under the nose and a small tailskid.

The Fecske had a T-tail with its tetrahedral plan, high aspect ratio tailplane and long, narrow, rectangular elevators mounted on top of a strongly swept fin. Its broad, angular rudder was also strongly swept.

Specifications

References

Aircraft first flown in 1969
1960s Hungarian sailplanes
Tumleren-class torpedo boat. The Tumleren class was a class of three torpedo boats built for the Royal Danish Navy. The lead ship of the class,  was designed and built by the German shipyard Schichau-Werke in 1911, with two more ships,  and , built under license by the Copenhagen naval dockyard. The last of the three torpedo boats was retired from active service in 1930, and the three ships were sold for scrap in 1935.

Construction and design
In 1908, the Royal Danish Navy decided to acquire several torpedo boats, with two of the world's leading torpedo boat specialists, the German shipyard Schichau-Werke and the British shipyard Yarrows, each contracted to design and build a prototype torpedo boat, with two more torpedo boats of each design to be built under license in Danish shipyards.

Schichau's design, the Tumleren class, were  long overall and  length between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of  fully loaded. Displacement was  full load. Two coal-fed boilers supplied steam for two Schichau direct-drive steam turbines, which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at , giving a design speed of .   of coal was carried, giving a cruising radius of  at .

The ships carried five  torpedo tubes, with one in the bow and the remaining four in single swivelling mounts fore and aft on the ships' beam. Two 75 mm L/30 guns were carried fore and aft on the ships' centreline, with a single  machine gun completing the armament. Crew was 35 officers and other ranks.

The first of the ships, the Schichau-built  was launched at Schichau's Elbing, Prussia (now Elbląg, Poland) shipyard on 1 March 1911 and commissioned on 28 August that year, while the remaining two ships,  and , were built at the Orlogsværftet, the Copenhagen Naval Dockyard, launching later that year and completing in 1912.

Service
The three Tumleren-class ships were considered more advanced than the Yarrow designed s, although the Söridderen class, which had higher freeboard, were more seaworthy. They served through the First World War on neutrality patrols. Tumleren and Spækhuggeren were retired to the reserves in 1929, with Vindhunden following in 1930. All three ships were sold for scrap in 1935.

Ships

Citations

References
 
 

Torpedo boats of the Royal Danish Navy
Torpedo boat classes
Polydiketoenamine. Polydiketoenamine (PDK) is a polymer discovered in 2019 that can be recycled over and over without loss of performance. It is obtained from carboxylic acids and polyamides. The compound contains a cross-linked network which gives it the properties of higher performance and chemical resistance. The mechanical reprocessing of PDK is done without degrading its properties or performance. When the compound is under a substantial amount of heat, the total number of bonds remain constant; therefore, under heat bonds will break and make to reform. Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory studied PDK and published the results in Nature Chemistry in April 2019. Submersion in an acidic solution breaks down the polymer to its original monomers and separates the monomers from additives.

See also
Enamine

References

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Organic polymers
Barrel plating. Barrel plating is a form of electroplating used for plating a large number of smaller metal objects in one sitting. It consists of a non-conductive barrel-shaped cage in which the objects are placed before being subjected to the chemical bath in which they become plated. An important aspect of the barrel plating process is that the individual pieces establish a bipolar contact with one another — this results in high plating efficiency. However, because of the large amount of surface contact that the pieces have with each other, barrel plating is generally not recommended when precisely engineered or ornamental finishes are required.

Barrel plating began as a practice in the United States during the US Civil War.  The harsh chemicals required, however, meant that it had to await the development of non-conductive and chemically resistant plastics— primarily perspex and polypropylene—  before it could receive widespread use.  By 2004, however, barrel plating had become widespread: it was estimated that as much as 70% of modern electroplating facilities used barrel plating techniques at that time.

References

 Metal plating
Jiri Evenhuis. Jiri Henri Evenhuis (born 3 February 1973) is a Dutch industrial designer, based in Singapore.

In 1999, Evenhuis invented the world's first 3D printed fabric, for which he became internationally known. In 2003, the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York included Evenhuis's 3D-printed textile in their collection. Samples of the fabric have been added to many collections around the world, most notably to the permanent collection of the MOMA (Museum Of Modern Art) in New York.

Life and education
Evenhuis was born in Amsterdam but spent part of his youth growing up in Los Angeles. In 1980, he returned to Amsterdam where he later attended the Gerrit Rietveld Academy and graduated in 2000. He moved to Singapore in 2014.

Work

In 2000, Evenhuis co-founded Freedom of Creation (FOC) with Janne Kyttanen, a company that pioneered in 3D printed design. Through a co-operation with Materialise MGX, they created and commercialized the first rapid manufactured 3D products (lamps, shoes, bags and textiles).

In 2003, Freedom of Creation was one of the first to present a series of 3D-printed lights at the Salone del Mobile in Milan. For this, Freedom of Creation was heralded as the #1 exhibitor by Icon Magazine.

In 2004, Freedom of Creation was invited to exhibit at the Dyson showroom in Paris, for this event, Evenhuis designed the first 3D printed shoe ‘FOC Paris’.

In 2004, Evenhuis was artist-in-residence at the European Ceramic Work Centre.

In 2005, Evenhuis left Freedom of Creation to pursue his career as an independent designer. However, his work in 3D printing continued to be exhibited. In 2008, Freedom of Creation exhibited a piece called ‘Punchbag’ designed by Kyttanen and Evenhuis at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

In 2008, Evenhuis began a close collaboration with Quooker, the inventors of the boiling water tap, designing a.o. their award-winning taps.

Since 2014, Evenhuis has been based in Singapore working as an independent designer for international clients. He is also leading several start-ups. He has a functional and minimalist approach to design. His conviction ‘form equals function’ defines his work.

Recognition and awards
Evenhuis has won numerous awards throughout his career including Red Dot and Dutch Design Awards.

Over the course of his career, Evenhuis's work has appeared in countless publications, museums, galleries and exhibitions throughout the world. Venues include the Salone del Mobile Milano, 100% Design London, Dune New York, Maison et Objet Paris, FIT New York, MOMA New York and many others.

References

1973 births
Living people
Designers from Amsterdam
Dutch industrial designers
Gerrit Rietveld Academie alumni
Businesspeople from Amsterdam