omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aluminum internal combustion engine. An aluminum internal combustion engine is an internal combustion engine made mostly from aluminum metal alloys.

Many internal combustion engines use cast iron and steel extensively for their strength and low cost. Aluminum offers lighter weight at the expense of strength, hardness and often cost. However, with care it can be substituted for many of the components and is widely used. Aluminum crank cases, cylinder blocks, heads and pistons are commonplace. The first airplane engine to fly, in the Wright Flyer of 1903, had an aluminum cylinder block.

All-aluminum engines are rare, as the material is difficult to use in more highly stressed components such as connecting rods and crankshafts. The BSA A10 motorcycle engine had aluminum conrods, while the Škoda 935 Dynamic auto engine had an aluminum crankshaft.

Russian Aluminum ICE project 
An aircraft engine made 90 percent from aluminum alloys was developed by scientists and engineers Novosibirsk State Technical University. Work on it was carried out for four years.

The engineers of NSTU, while working on this engine, applied the development of Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS. The designers were assisted by scientists Alexei Rogov and Olga Terleeva.

The crankshaft and main engine gearbox are made of aluminum. This allows reduction of mass by 40-50 percent, while maintaining the same power, compared to conventional steel engines.

A prototype engine was tested on ordinary AI-95 gasoline. Tests were going on throughout 2018 and completed in early 2019. As a result, the high performance characteristics of the heavy-duty coating, which the aluminum parts are processed with, were confirmed.

According to the professor of the Aircraft and Helicopter Engineering Department of the Faculty of Aircraft of NSTU, Ilya Zverkov, this engine was developed for the aircraft Yak-52 by order of the Russian Aviation Revival Foundation, which is based at the Mochishche airfield near Novosibirsk.

References

External links
 В Новосибирске собрали первый в мире двигатель из алюминия 
 В Новосибирске ученые сделали и запустили первый в мире двигатель из алюминия 

Internal combustion engine
Mizoram Engineering College. Mizoram Engineering College is the only engineering college in the town of Lunglei, Mizoram.

Location
Lunglei Government College is located in Pukpui, about  from Lunglei. The College has  of land.

History
Mizoram Engineering College was inaugurated on 3rd Feb 2019 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The first department to start functioning will be the Civil Engineering Department for the 2019–2020 academic session. The College has been constructed under the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan scheme. As of December 2020 the college has still not been able to start functioning due to sub-standard level of construction with no basic amenities. The approach road, water and power requirements are still to be completed.

Departments
The College has the following departments:
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

Facilities
Mizoram Engineering College has been constructed at a cost of 26 crores and has an Administrative  block, academic block, laboratory, library, cafetaria, student common room, boys and girls hostel. It has been built to accommodate up to 300 students.

See also
Education in India
Education in Mizoram
Mizoram University

References 

Engineering colleges in Mizoram
Colleges affiliated to Mizoram University
Lunglei
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline. 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline is a chemical compound with a formula of C6H4Cl3N. It is useful as an intermediate in chemical reactions.

Preparation 
2,4,6-Trichloroaniline can be prepared by reaction of dry aniline with chlorine gas while in an anhydrous solution of carbon tetrachloride. 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline precipitates from solution as a white solid. In the presence of water in the solution the white material will be contaminated with aniline black.

Safety 
Occupational exposure to 2,4,6-trichloroaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,4,6-trichloroaniline is produced or used (SRC). The general population may be exposed to 2,4,6-trichloroaniline via drinking water and dermal contact with this compound in dyestuffs, pigments, and pesticides containing 2,4,6-trichloroaniline. 2,4,6-trichloroaniline can be toxic when inhaled or ingested orally. The lethal dose is 2400 mg/kg for a rat.

Upon heating, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline will not undergo combustion, but may release hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides or carbon monoxide.

References 

Anilines
Chlorobenzene derivatives
Three Cedars Solar Project. Three Cedars Solar Project is a 210 MWAC (265 MWp) photovoltaic power station consisting of three units extending about 15 miles northwest of Cedar City, Utah.  The project was developed by SunEdison, built with its global team of partners, and commissioned in September 2016.  The electricity and renewable energy credits are being sold to Rocky Mountain Power under three separate 20-year power purchase agreements.

Project details

The project consists of three separate units distributed on private land along the headwaters of Iron Springs Creek at a sunny and cool elevation near 6,000 feet.

Planning was initiated by the independent renewable energy developer First Wind (founded 2002) which began expanding into photovoltaic energy around 2012.   First Wind and its extensive portfolio of assets in western Utah were acquired by SunEdison  and its TerraForm Power yield co in November 2014.  Beginning construction at the time was the 20.2 MW Seven Sisters Project, a dispersed set of ~3 MW facilities throughout Beaver and Iron counties.

To finance the construction of Three Cedars,  SunEdison entered into a joint venture with Dominion Resources.  The resulting entity, Dominion Renewable Energy, utilized $80 million from SunEdison and $320 million from Dominion to start construction in September 2015.  The two companies also previously entered a joint venture to construct the 320 MW Four Brothers Project,  which  includes the three co-located 80 MW Escalante units in Beaver County and the 80 MW Enterprise unit in Iron County, on about the same timeline.

Construction of Three Cedars progressed simultaneously at all three sites, created an estimated 250 local construction jobs, and was completed by October 2016.  Along with the electricity to power more than 36,000 homes, it is expected to produce $17 million in property and income taxes for the region over 20 years.   The project is operated and maintained by Swinerton Renewable Energy.

SunEdison filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 21, 2016, but was able to complete the project on time with its receipt of $300 million in bankruptcy debt financing.  On September 13, 2016 the company was forced to sell its stake in the completed facilities in a fire sale.  NRG Energy was the successful bidder.

Electricity production

See also 

 Solar power in Utah
 List of power stations in Utah

References

Photovoltaic power stations in the United States
Solar power stations in Utah
Buildings and structures in Iron County, Utah
Energy infrastructure completed in 2016
Hardware security bug. In digital computing, hardware security bugs are hardware bugs or flaws that create vulnerabilities affecting computer central processing units (CPUs), or other devices which incorporate programmable processors or logic and have direct memory access, which allow data to be read by a rogue process when such reading is not authorized.  Such vulnerabilities are considered "catastrophic" by security analysts.

Speculative execution vulnerabilities
Starting in 2017, a series of security vulnerabilities were found in the implementations of speculative execution on common processor architectures which effectively enabled an elevation of privileges.

These include:
 Foreshadow
 Meltdown
 Microarchitectural Data Sampling
 Spectre
 SPOILER
 Pacman

Intel VISA
In 2019 researchers discovered that a manufacturer debugging mode, known as VISA, had an undocumented feature on Intel Platform Controller Hubs, which are the chipsets included on most Intel-based motherboards and which have direct memory access, which made the mode accessible with a normal motherboard possibly leading to a security vulnerability.

See also 
 Hardware security
 Security bug
 Computer security
 Threat (computer)

References 

Computer security exploits
Hardware bugs
Side-channel attacks
2018 in computing
Vera Silva. Vera Silva is a Portuguese engineer and the chief strategy and  technology officer (CSO/CTO) at General Electric (GE) GE Vernova Electrification Systems division. She is one of the few women to hold a chief technology officer position in one of the top three players in the electricity transmission and distribution space. She works on electricity grids technology and renewable energy integration.

Early life and education 
As a child Silva visited a large hydro power plant and this sparked her interest for electricity systems. Silva studied electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Porto. She earned a bachelor's degree in 1999 and a master's degree in 2003 both in electrical engineering. She moved to the United Kingdom for her doctoral studies, earning a PhD in the electrical and electronics engineering in 2010. Her PhD investigated the value of flexibility in systems that use wind power and was supervised by .

Research and career 
She worked as a lecturer and data scientist at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto. After completing her doctorate, Silva joined EDF R&D in France, where she directed their program on Energy Systems and Markets.  Silva is the chief technology officer at General Electric (GE) grid solutions, where she leads 3,400 engineers around the world. She is one of the few women to be made technology leader. At General Electric, Silva works on new electricity grid technology  She believes the future will involve more sustainable and flexible technologies, integrating microgrids and high voltage direct current (DC) transmission lines. She is pushing for utilities operators to find it easier to integrate renewables in homes.

References 

General Electric people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Portuguese engineers
University of Porto alumni
Harald Popp. Harald Popp (born 30 September, 1956 in Erlangen) is a German electrical engineer. Together with Karlheinz Brandenburg, Ernst Eberlein, Heinz Gerhäuser (former Institutes Director of Fraunhofer IIS), Bernhard Grill, Jürgen Herre (all Fraunhofer IIS), he developed the widespread MP3 method for audio data compression.

Biography

Education 
1975 Popp graduated with the Abitur (International Baccalaureate Diploma).
Popp was educated at Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Nuremberg, where he studied electrical engineering from 1975 to 1981 and obtained a graduate Diploma.

Profession 
From 1982 to 1984 Popp worked on a technology transfer project for cable fault location of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg.
1985 he became researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS-A) in Erlangen.
From 1985 to 1990 was Popp development engineer for digital circuits on board-level.
1987 he started with the development of multi-DSP based real-time audio coding systems.
Since 1987, he has been responsible for DSP-based real-time audio coding systems. 
1990 he began with the development of studio audio codecs ("ASPEC 91") for high-quality sound transmission over ISDN telephone lines.
From 1990 to 1994 he worked as Head of Hardware Group in the Information Electronics Department.
From 1995 to 1997 he was Head of the video group in the Audio & Multimedia department and 1998 - 2003 Head of the Studio Department.
Since 2004 until 2018 he was Head of Multimedia Real-Time Systems, with a focus on developing effective real-time implementations of audio and video coding.

From 1986 to 2000, Popp developed the MP3 Audio coding format together with Karlheinz Brandenburg and Bernhard Grill .
For his contribution to this work he was awarded the German Future Prize.

Private life and hobbies 
In his free time, Harald Popp works with his wife Isolde as the author of the fantasy role-playing game Midgard. Together they have two sons.

Bibliography 
 Isolde & Harald Popp: Der Ruf des Roten Raben Franke, Elsa; Auflage: 1., 1993, 
 M. Dietz, H. Popp, K. Brandenburg and R. Friedrich: Audio Compression for Network Transmission, Journal of the AES, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, 1996.
 Isolde & Harald Popp: Midgard-Abenteuer: Der weiße Wurm Pegasus Spiele, 1998, 
 K. Brandenburg and H. Popp: An introduction to MPEG Layer-3, Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen (IIS), EBU Technical Review, 2000, online
 Isolde & Harald Popp: Midgard-Abenteuer: Die Straße zur Hölle part 1, Stelzenberg: Elsa Franke, Verlag für F&SF-Spiele, 2011, 
 Isolde & Harald Popp: Midgard-Abenteuer: Die Treppe zum Himmel part 2, Stelzenberg: Elsa Franke, Verlag für F&SF-Spiele, 2011,  
 Isolde & Harald Popp: Unter dem Schirm des Jadekaisers, Pegasus Spiele Gmbh, 2005,

See also 
German inventors and discoverers
How Music Got Free

References 

1956 births
Living people
20th-century German inventors
German audio engineers
German electrical engineers
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
People from Erlangen
Engineers from Bavaria
Michael Aziz. Michael John Aziz is an American research scientist and engineer and the Gene and Tracy Sykes Professor of Materials and Energy Technologies at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. He is an affiliated faculty member of the Harvard University Center for the Environment, for which he served from 2009 to 2018 as the faculty coordinator for the Graduate Consortium for Energy and Environment. He is also Chief Scientist and a co-founder of Quino Energy, Inc.

Early life
Aziz had received his B.S. from the California Institute of Technology in 1978 and then got his Ph.D. in applied physics from Harvard University in 1983 while working under the direction of David Turnbull. As a postdoc, he had spent two years at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory where he was a Eugene P. Wigner Postdoctoral Fellow. Since 1986 he has been a faculty member on what is now the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and he is currently the Gene and Tracy Sykes Professor of Materials and Energy Technologies.

Research
Starting in 2012, Aziz has worked with Alán Aspuru-Guzik, Roy Gordon and the United States Department of Energy to develop aqueous-soluble organic flow batteries for grid-scale electrical energy storage. In 2016 he used vitamin B2 to improve the work of an organic battery that was developed two years prior. The battery was later named Organic Mega Flow Battery, the research of which was published in journal Joule the same year. Some of his research has resulted in patents issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Awards
 1993 Fellow of the American Physical Society
 2004 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
 2010 Materials Research Society fellow
 2016 Bruce Chalmers Award from The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
 2019 Energy Frontiers Prize, ENI award

References

External links

20th-century births
Living people
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Raja Jwala Prasad. Raja Jwala Prasad (1872 – 16 September 1944) was an Indian civil engineer, and Pro Vice Chancellor (1936–1940) of Banaras Hindu University. He was the father of Indian bureaucrat Dharma Vira.

Life 
Jawala Prasad was born in Mandawar town of Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh. He studied engineering from Thomason Civil Engineering College, Roorkee (now IIT Roorkee), graduating in 1900. He  joined the  Irrigation Department and retired as Chief Engineer in Uttar Pradesh. He was responsible for the  Ganga Canal Grid Scheme constructed in 1924.  The British government honored him with the title of Raja. After retiring from government service in 1930, he became the Pro Vice Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University. In 1937, he was chairman of a committee to reorganize Thomason College of Engineering Roorkee, though this reorganization was not carried out until after Independence.  He died on 16 September 1944.

He planned the campus of  BHU  and supervised its construction. He helped Madan Mohan Malaviya considerably in collecting donations for the university.

References

1872 births
1944 deaths
Indian civil engineers
People from Bijnor district
People from Uttar Pradesh
People from Bijnor
Engineers from British India
BGS Groundhog Desktop. BGS Groundhog Desktop is a software tool developed and made available by the British Geological Survey and used for geological data visualisation, interpretation and 3D geologic modelling. It is available in both free-to-use and commercial editions. Groundhog Desktop is a key part of the BGS's work to develop 3D models of the UK subsurface.

It is widely used by other Geological Survey Organisations including at the Geological Survey of Sweden, Geological Survey of Finland and with environmental consultancies.

Features 
 Digitise and interpret geologic cross section
 Correlate borehole logs 
 Display and edit borehole data
 Import AGS borehole data
 Display and edit geologic map linework
 Import georeferenced imagery
 Import digital elevation model
 Develop conceptual site models (CSM)
 Develop 3D geological models

3D Geological Modelling 
BGS Groundhog Desktop uses an implicit modelling algorithm based on a diverse set of inputs. An interpolation algorithm processes the inputs and generates each geological layer according to geological rules in order to create a vertically consistent stack. The resulting model is visualised as a block model.

Example projects  
 A geological model of London and the Thames Valley, southeast England
 Modelling rapid coastal catch-up after defence removal along the soft cliff coast of Happisburgh, UK
 Enkoping Esker Pilot Study : workflow for data integration and publishing of 3D geological outputs
 UK Minecraft Geology Model built using Groundhog
 3D Geological Model of the completed Farringdon underground railway

References 

3D graphics software
British Geological Survey
Geology software
Geomorphology models
Scientific visualization
Aldinga Airfield. Aldinga Airfield (ICAO:YADG) is a small, uncontrolled regional airfield located in Aldinga, South Australia. The airfield serves as a regional port  and is privately owned and maintained.

History 
Aldinga Airfield was built in 1976 by a group of pilots who wanted an authentic airfield that could access the McLaren Vale wine region. The airfield received significant support from other pilots and aviators and was eventually built with a paved runway, and constructed parking areas.
Today the airfield is used mostly by private pilots, Adelaide Biplanes and people who are passing through from Kangaroo Island, Eyre Peninsula and other places. The airfield is outside the main Adelaide controlled airspace, making it easy for VFR pilots to operate in and out of the airfield. The airfield has over 50 parking hangars, most of which are privately owned. The perimeter of the airfield is housed with a hip-level fence, which gives an unblocked view of aircraft landing on the runways. However, especially on approach for runway 32, there are large trees and heavy shrubs close to the runway threshold, which can be tricky and dangerous for pilots who are landing or departing from that runway.

Facilities 
The airfield has four runways.

Runway 03/21 is the longest runway, with a total length of . It is the only paved and marked runway at the aerodrome.

Runway 14/32 runs perpendicular to runway 03/21. It is a dirt strip with a total length of .

There are 2 other shorter grass runways, 08/26 and 18/36.
Aldinga Airfield has a parking facility, which offers overnight parking. There is also a café that is open 7 days a week and an avgas pump.

See also
List of airports in South Australia

References 

Airports in South Australia
Leslie Clark (engineer). Leslie Arthur Clark is a British structural engineer born in 1944 in Ilford, London.

Early life and education 
Clark won a State Scholarship (UK) in 1962 to read Civil Engineering at the University of Sheffield. After graduating in 1965 he stayed at Sheffield to research for a PhD in very high strength reinforced concrete in collaboration with McCall & Co Ltd.

Career 
After completing his PhD Clark joined the Cement & Concrete Association (C&CA) (the Mineral Products Association since 2009). He worked as a researcher, consultant and lecturer mainly on concrete bridges and was involved with the development of the bridge design code BS 5400:Part 4. He was a visiting lecturer at the University of Surrey. In 1978 Clark moved to the University of Birmingham as a lecturer. He was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1986, Professor of Structural Engineering in 1991, Head of Department of Civil Engineering in 2000, Dean of Engineering & Physical Sciences in 2002 and Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Estates & Infrastructure in 2005. He led a research team working on concrete bridge structures and helped to draft European Standard ENV1992-2. In 1998 he was asked by the then Construction Minister of the UK to chair an Expert Group on the thaumasite sulphate reaction in concrete.

Clark has been a Visiting Professor in Malaysia, an Honorary Professor in Hong Kong and was instrumental in negotiating the Institution of Structural Engineers agreement with the National Administration Board of Structural Engineering Registration of the People's Republic of China.

Clark was President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1998-99. He retired as Head of School and Pro-Vice Chancellor of Estates and Infrastructure in 2009 and became Chairman of the UK Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steels (CARES) in 2010.

Awards and honours 
OBE 2000 
Mappin Medal 1964 University of Sheffield
Henry Adams Diploma, Institution of Structural Engineers  1987 and 1990
Thomas Telford Premium, Institution of Civil Engineers 1989 and 2007.
The Annual Clark Lecture at the University of Birmingham is in honour of Emeritus Professor Leslie Clark

Selected publications 
 Clark, L.A. The provision of tension and compression reinforcement to resist in-plane forces
 Clark, L.A. and Thorogood, P. Serviceability behaviour of reinforced concrete half joints.
 Jones, A.E.K. and Clark, L.A. The effects of restraint on ASR expansion of reinforced concrete.
 Jones, A.E.K and Clark, L.A. The effects of ASR on the properties of concrete and the implications for assessment 
 Williamson, S.J. and Clark, L.A. The influence of the permeability of concrete cover on reinforcement corrosion

References 

Presidents of the Institution of Structural Engineers
British structural engineers
1944 births
Living people
Scientists from London
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Officers of the Order of the British Empire