omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
J. Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme. The J. Chokka Rao Devadula lift irrigation scheme is a lift irrigation scheme in India. It is the second biggest of its kind in Asia. Devadula is the place in Mulugu District, Telangana,  where the scheme's intake well is located. The foundation stone for this scheme was laid by the Chief Minister of Combined State Shri. Nara Chandra Babu Naidu in the year 2001.

The Project
The project is specially designed to lift water from the River Godavari to irrigate more than  in the drought-prone Telangana state, India. Later it was named after the politician J. Chokkarao as the 'J. Chokkarao Devadula lift irrigation scheme'. The total work was divided into three phases for executional convenience in the year 2003.

The minimum river water level required is 73 m MSL in the river to pump the water, whereas the non-monsoon / lean season river water level is below 71 m MSL. Across the Godavari river, Sammakka Barrage with FRl at 85 m MSL is in an advanced stage of construction to make water available to the pump house in all seasons.

The maximum water lift is by 510 meters. The project's operational requirement is 484 MW power and 1.4 billion KWh of electrical energy annually for pumping 38 Tmcft water. This lift canal is an inter-river basin transfer link by feeding Godavari River water to Krishna River basin in Warangal and Nalgonda districts.

Honour
The project was renamed to honour J. Chokka Rao, a freedom fighter from Karimnagar.

See also
 Pranahita Chevella lift irrigation scheme
 Inchampalli project
 Handri-Neeva
 Kakatiya Canal

References

Irrigation in Telangana
Lift irrigation schemes
Year of establishment missing
M-46 Catapult. The M-46 Catapult was a self-propelled gun developed in India by Combat Vehicles Research & Development Establishment of the Defence Research & Development Organisation.

Description
The turret-less vehicle has an open area in the centre for the gun and crew but retains the driver's position and includes a horizontal metal shield for overhead protection.

To withstand higher firing stresses and to cater for longer recoil the Vijayanta tank's hull has been elongated with seven bogie wheel stations on either side. The stability to the vehicle during firing is provided by unique hydraulic suspension locking system.
The self-propelled medium artillery gun can fire both HE and AP ammunition and has a maximum range of 27 km. The gun has a limited static traverse 12½% on either side and an elevation of +45% to -2%. The system can stow 30 rounds of separate loading ammunition.

Development
After the 1965 and 1971 wars between India and Pakistan, the Army was in search of mobile (self propelled) artillery gun systems, primarily for the strike formations on the western borders. The production of Catapult guns began in the late 1970s and they were inducted in 1981. The platform is based on the Soviet 130 mm M-46 field gun mounted on a lengthened hull of the ageing British/Indian Vijayanta tank. A total of 100 M-46 Catapult systems were built and are being replaced by an unspecified number and type of 155mm self-propelled howitzers and K-9 Vajra gun systems.

Operational history
The guns never saw combat, though they were deployed during Operation Parakram in 2001 at Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir — in the chicken neck area and Shakargarh bulge and during Operation Zafran after the Pulwama terror attack. It was retired from service on 16 March 2021 after 40 years of active service with the Indian Army.

See also
130 mm Catapult on the Arjun Mk 1 chassis

References

Tracked self-propelled howitzers
Self-propelled howitzers of India
Artillery of India
Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s
State space planning. In artificial intelligence and computer programming, state space planning is a process used in designing programs to search for data or solutions to problems.  In a computer algorithm that searches a data structure for a piece of data, for example a program that looks up a word in a computer dictionary, the state space is a collective term for all the data to be searched.  Similarly, artificial intelligence programs often employ a process of searching through a finite universe of possible procedures for reaching a goal, to find a procedure or the best procedure to achieve the goal.  The universe of possible solutions to be searched is called the state space.  State space planning is the process of deciding which parts of the state space the program will search, and in what order.

Definition
The simplest classical planning (see Automated Planning) algorithms are state space search algorithms. These
are search algorithms in which the search space is a subset of the state space: Each
node corresponds to a state of the world, each arc corresponds to a state transition,
and the current plan corresponds to the current path in the search space.
Forward Search and Backward Search are two of main samples of state space planning.

In the algorithms that follow, by "non-deterministic", we mean that the chosen graph search algorithm for picking a next branch is arbitrary. One can brute-force (BFS, DFS, IDS, etc.), use heuristics (A*, IDA*, etc.), etc. This is a choice which generally depends on the nature of the problem.

Forward search
Forward search is an algorithm that searches forward from the
initial state of the world to try to find a state that satisfies the goal formula.

We say an action is applicable in a state s if the preconditions of this action are true in s.

With O the set of actions, s0 the initial state and, g the goal state:

  Forward-search(O, s0, g)
    s = s0
    P = the empty plan
    loop
        if s satisfies g then return P
        applicable = {a | a is a ground instance of an operator in O, and a is applicable in s}
        if applicable = ∅ then return failure 
        nondeterministically choose an action a from applicable
        s = γ(s, a)
        P = P.a

Backward search
Backward-search is an algorithm that begins with goal state and back track to its initial state. This method is sometimes called "back propagation."

We say an action is relevant if its add-effects (literals of the state turned true) are in G, and none of its del-effects (literals of the state turned false) are in G.

With O the set of actions, s0 the initial state and, g the goal state:

  Backward-search(O, s0, g)
    s = s0
    P = the empty plan
    loop
        if s satisfies g then return P
        relevant = {a | a is a ground instance of an operator in O that is relevant for g}
        if relevant = ∅ then return failure 
        nondeterministically choose an action a from relevant
        P = a.P  
        s = γ−1(s, a)

See also 
 State space
 State space search

References
Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung. The Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research in Dresden (German: Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden) – in short IFW Dresden – is a non-university research institute and a member of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community. It is concerned with modern materials science and combines explorative research in physics, chemistry and materials science with technological development of new materials and products.

Research
The IFW’s research program is jointly set up and implemented by scientists of the different IFW institutes. It comprises the following five research areas:

 Superconductivity & superconductors
 Magnetism and magnetic materials
 Molecular Nanostructures and Molecular solids
 Metastable alloys
 Stress-driven architectures and phenomena

Research institutes
The IFW consists of five research institutes
Institute for Solid State Research, Director: Prof. Dr. Bernd Büchner
Institute for Metallic Materials, Director: Prof. Dr. Kornelius Nielsch
Institute for Complex Materials, Director:  Prof. Dr. Bernd Büchner (temp.)
Institute for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Director: Prof. Dr. Yana Vaynzof
Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics,  Director: Prof. Dr. Jeroen van den Brink

History
The IFW Dresden was founded on January 1, 1992 transforming the former  Academy Institute to an Institute of the ‘Blaue Liste’. It emerged from the largest materials science center of the former GDR, which was at the time already internationally acknowledged. Since then the IFW developed into a leading institute in selected topics of materials science. The IFW is founding member of DRESDEN-concept, a research alliance in Dresden that was founded in 2010 to boost TU Dresden's application for the German Universities Excellence Initiative.

At present the IFW employs about 400 people, among them 190 scientists, mostly physicists, chemists and materials engineers. 80 of them are young scientists working in the IFW on their doctoral thesis. About 100 guest scientists from all over the world come every year for some weeks or months to work at the IFW. The annual budget of 23 Million Euro is supplied by the Federal government and by the German states in equal parts, the latter mainly by the Free State of Saxony. Additionally to institutional funding the IFW Dresden raises project resources of about 5 Million Euro per year.

External links
 http://www.ifw-dresden.de

Foundations based in Germany
Physics research institutes
Leibniz Association
Education in Dresden
Scientific organisations based in East Germany
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iași. The Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services is an academic division of the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Romania, devoted to study and research in civil engineering.

History

The Romanian engineering school was founded when Gheorghe Asachi succeeded in persuading the Prince Scarlat Callimachi of Moldavia to establish the foundations of a "class of surveyors and building engineers in Romania" on November 15, 1813.

As a result of Asachi's endeavours, the Michaelian Academy (in Romanian: Academia Mihăileană) was established in Iaşi between 1835 and 1847. Having amongst its scholars the most representative men of science at that time. This first official institution representing Romanian Higher Education in Moldova, succeeded in addressing local needs pertaining to the Higher Technical Syllabus.

Higher Education in Civil Engineering and Architecture in Iaşi was initiated and established by the great scholar Gheorghe Asachi in 1848 with the assistance of the Application School for Engineering and Constructions. It was only in 1941 that the Faculty of Civil Engineering (later included architectural studies) became part of the Higher Polytechnic School of Iaşi, which is known today as Gheorghe Asachi Technical University.

Structure

Department of Concrete Structures, Building Materials, Technology and Management
Department of Transportation Infrastructure and Foundations
Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering
Department of Descriptive Geometry and Drawing
Department of Building Services
Department of Structural Mechanics

Degrees awarded
The following Degrees are awarded in civil engineering and industrial engineering:
 Bachelor of Science
 Master of Science
 Doctor

References

External links
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services

Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași
Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion. The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion (), better known in abbreviated form as TEMA, is a non-governmental organization (NGO) for reforestation and the protection of natural habitats in Turkey.

History 
TEMA was founded in 1992 by Turkish businessmen Hayrettin Karaca, who has a UN Environment Award, and Nihat Gökyiğit. TEMA is the leading NGO in Turkey with over 451,000 voluntary members. TEMA is one of the winners of the first UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Land for Life Awards.

Projects

Oak Project 
The Oak Project (Turkish: Meşe Projesi), which TEMA has maintained since 1998, aims to create vibrant oak forests over 1 million hectares of land throughout Turkey. The project materialized in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and has a total cost of approximately $1.8 billion.

Memory Forest 
A protocol was signed between the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Reforestation and Erosion Control and TEMA. Pursuant to this protocol, planting projects would be completed on behalf of people and institutions in various provinces. Thus far, 389,718 saplings have been planted in commemorative forests in places such as Malkara, Mudanya, Konya, Samsun, Izmir, Şanlıurfa, Antalya, Kızılcahamam, and Adıyaman.

Bodrum Türkbükü Biological Diversity and Vegetation Project 
A 130-hectare area located within the borders of the Türkbükü and Gündoğan villages in the district of Bodrum in the province of Muğla was surrounded with razor wire and fencing to protect and develop natural plant species. In this space, 43,450 plants and shrubs will be planted, including oak, Turkish pine, black locust, gumwood, cactus, almond, horse chestnut, and cypress species.

TEM Highway Vegetation Project 
TEMA, in collaboration with the General Directorate for Motorways and the General Directorate of Reforestation and Erosion Control, planted trees along a 333-kilometer stretch of the Ankara-Istanbul section of the Trans-European Motorway. Within the scope of this project, 49,321 various species of trees have been planted along the Kınalı junction of the Istanbul-Edirne stretch of the highway, and 241,844 trees have been planted along the Susuz junction of the Ankara-Istanbul stretch, including saplings, decorative foliage, and oak seeds.

References

External links 
 

Environmental organizations based in Turkey
Foundations based in Turkey
Organizations based in Istanbul
Organizations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Turkey
Natural history of Anatolia
Yemeni patrol boat Sana'a. Sana'a was a patrol boat built at Bollinger Shipyards for the Coast Guard of Yemen. She has one sister ship, . The vessels use the same design as the United States Coast Guard's s. US vessels are, in turn, based on the Damen Stan 2600, designed by Damen Group.

Sana'a sank on 9 March 2017 after possibly striking a naval mine.

References

Marine Protector-class coastal patrol boats
Patrol vessels of Yemen
2011 ships
Ships built in Lockport, Louisiana
Syzefxis. Syzefxis (σύζευξις in Greek, meaning coupling) or "National Public Administration Network", is a project of the Greek Ministry of the Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization, aiming at the evolvement of the voice, video and data infrastructure of the Public Sector in Greece. The project was about installing and maintaining a stable and fast computer network based on the Internet Protocol for the public sector organizations, ministries, municipalities, hospitals, social security foundations, schools and many other, counting in total about two thousand nodes.

The network provides:
 voice and data connectivity for the 2,000 nodes,
 broadband internet services and E-mail,
 a Website for each node supporting value added services, like directory services etc.,
 Public key infrastructure for the users,
 synchronous and asynchronous education,
 teleconferencing services,
 free telephony based on VoIP technology between all nodes.

The network's architecture is based on the hub-and-spoke design.
The network was divided in six administrative areas, called "islets". These are:
 Islet 1, Athens area
 Islet 2, covering the rest of Attica outside Athens
 Islet 3, Thessaloniki
 Islet 4, Crete
 Islet 5, Continental Greece, Thessaly, Macedonia, Thrace and Northern Aegean Islands
 Islet 6, Epirus, Peloponnese and the Ionian Islands

The implementation of the project was divided in nine subprojects, seven of which are telecommunication projects. The other two are 
more information technology-oriented. The subprojects are:
 Subproject 1, the installation and interconnection of islet 1 users,
 Subproject 2, the installation and interconnection of islet 2 users,
 Subproject 3, the installation and interconnection of islet 3 users,
 Subproject 4, the installation and interconnection of islet 4 users,
 Subproject 5, the installation and interconnection of islet 5 users,
 Subproject 6, the installation and interconnection of islet 6 users,
 Subproject 7, the installation and configuration of the backbone network,
 Subproject 8, the training management,
 Subproject 9, the public key infrastructure.

Notes

External links 
 Syzefxis Project
 Annual Progress Reports (in Greek)

Telecommunications in Greece
Nano (journal). Nano is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by World Scientific, covering recent developments and discussions in the field of nanoscience and technology. Topics covered include nanomaterials, characterization tools, fabrication methods, numerical simulation, and theory.

Established in 2006, the journal started as bimonthly, switched to 8 issues per year in 2014, and to monthly in 2016. The 2020 Impact Factor of the journal was 1.556.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded, ISI Alerting Services, Materials Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, and Inspec.

See also

External links 
 

Academic journals established in 2006
Materials science journals
World Scientific academic journals
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals
Nanotechnology journals
Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks. The Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) working  group proposed the IEEE 1904.1 standard for managing telecommunications networks.

Description
Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is a technology for fiber to the x access networks, with millions subscriber lines. 
In response to rapid growth, the SIEPON project was formed in 2009 to develop system-level specifications, targeting "plug-and-play" interoperability of the transport, service, and control planes in a multi-vendor environment.

The project was organized to build upon the IEEE 802.3ah (1G-EPON) and IEEE 802.3av (10G-EPON) physical layer and data link layer standards and create a system-level and network-level standard, allowing interoperability of the transport, service, and control planes in a multi-vendor environment.
The "P" prefix is used while the standard is being proposed, and then dropped when ratified.
A draft standard was announced in September 2011.
The Industry Standards and Technology Organization announced a conformity assessment program in February 2012.
The first official standard in the series, IEEE Standard 1904.1-2013, was published in September 2013.

References

Broadband
Network architecture
Fiber-optic communications
Royal Saudi Air Force Museum. The Royal Saudi Air Force Museum (or Saqr Al Jazeera Aviation Museum; ) is located on the East Ring Road of Riyadh between exits 10 and 11. A Lockheed L-1011 Tristar formerly operated by Saudia serves as a gate guard visible from the ring road.

Overview
The museum presents the history of the Royal Saudi Air Force from its establishment in the 1920s to the present day.

The museum comprises an outdoor static park and a large and modern indoor museum.

Static park
Aircraft on display include:

BAC Lightning T-55
BAC Strikemaster Mk80
Boeing 707 in Saudia livery
Boeing F-15D Eagle
Cessna 310
Douglas A-26B Invader
Douglas DC-4
Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar in Saudia livery
Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star
Panavia Tornado ADV F3 & IDS
North American T-6 Texan

Display halls
The display halls contain exhibits on the history of the RSAF, aircraft engines and weaponry, uniforms, insignia and decorations and a special display on Prince Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Saudi in space, who served as a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Discovery during mission STS-51-G.

Aircraft on display include:

BAC Lightning F53
Bell UH-1
Bell OH-58
de Havilland Chipmunk Mk 10
de Havilland Vampire FB Mk 52 
Douglas DC-3 outfitted to represent the aircraft given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to King Ibn Saud in 1945
Hawker Hunter F Mk60
North American F-86F Sabre
Northrop F-5E Tiger II
North American T-6 Texan
Temco T-35 Buckaroo

See also
 List of aerospace museums
 List of museums in Saudi Arabia
 Museums in Riyadh

References

External links

A quick view over Saqr Al Jazeera Museum on YouTube

1999 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Museums established in 1999
Air force museums
Museums in Riyadh
Royal Saudi Air Force
BirdAir. BirdAir was an airline owned by the construction company Bird & Sons, Inc which served in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.

Background
Bird & Sons, Inc was a San Francisco heavy construction company operating in Vietnam and Laos that maintained its own air division. William H. Bird had been operating an aviation division of his construction company Bird & Son in Laos since 1960. Bird later sold the air division and its aircraft to Continental, $4.5 million cash, in 1964 to form CASI. When Bird sold that division there was a non-compete clause in his contract with Continental that precluded Bird from operating another aviation company in Laos for a certain number of years. When that time expired, Bird got back into the air charter business and created BirdAir.

BirdAir operated Lockheed C-130s on loan from the United States Air Force and participated in the evacuation of former Hmong guerrilla troops in Laos. BirdAir also helped maintain the air bridge to Phnom Penh flying from U-Tapao to Phnom Penh daily in February and March 1975 until the day before the country fell.

Aircraft

Bird and Sons Aviation Division
The aviation division of Bird and Sons, Inc. included 22 aircraft and 350 employees, with some of Bird and Son's aircraft continuing to be registered to Bird & Sons Inc. even after the take-over by CASI.

Note: Not all the following listed aircraft were operated at the same time.

 1× Beech 18
 1× Beech D50C Twin Bonanza
 1× Bell 47G-3B-1 Sioux
 3× Bell 205
 6× Bell 206 JetRangers, 3 206As and 3 206Bs
 1× Camair 480 - a Ryan Navion converted to twin engines by Cameron Aircraft Co.
 2× Cessna 180
 1× Cessna 206
 9× Curtiss C-46 Commando
 12× Dornier Do 28 (inc x11 A1s and x1 B1)
 8× Douglas DC-3/C-47 Skytrain
 3× Douglas DC-6A/B (leased from Concare)
 5× Helio 395 Super Courier
 2× Lockheed PV-2 Ventura
 33× Pilatus PC-6 Porter & Turbo Porter
 6× Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer Series 2

BirdAir
Bird Air was later reported to be operating DC-6s and USAF C-130s in 1975 in support of the Cambodian government.

References

Further reading
 Kenneth Conboy and Don Greer, War in Laos 1954-1975, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1994. 
 Kenneth Conboy with James Morrison, Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos, Boulder CO: Paladin Press, 1995. 
 Kenneth Conboy and Simon McCouaig, The War in Laos 1960-75, Men-at-arms series 217, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1989. 
 Roger Warner, Shooting at the Moon: The Story of America's Clandestine War in Laos, South Royalton VE: Steerforth Press, 1996.

Military history of Laos
Vietnam War
Central Intelligence Agency front organizations
Arizona Helicopters. Arizona Helicopters Inc was a helicopter contractor which operated in Laos in the early 1970s for the Central Intelligence Agency.

Arizona Helicopters was originally based out of Chandler Municipal Airport in Chandler, Arizona and then in 1968 was moved to Scottsdale Airport in Scottsdale, Arizona.  Scottsdale Airport Fixed Base Operator, Robert Wachs, owned and operated Arizona Helicopters Inc. The company assisted in fire fighting operations, flying Santa Claus to malls for the Wallace and Ladmo Show in Phoenix, Arizona, and other charters.

Fleet
The Arizona Helicopters fleet consisted of 50 helicopters, across the following 6 aircraft types:

Bell 47
Bell 205A-1
Bell 206 JetRanger II
Bell 212
Fairchild Hiller FH-1100
Sud Aviation SA.318C Alouette Astazou

See also 
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

1970s in Laos
Vietnam War
Defunct helicopter airlines
Defunct airlines of the United States
Central Intelligence Agency front organizations
Airlines based in Arizona