omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ernő Rubik (aircraft designer). Ernő Rubik (27 November 1910 in Pöstyén, Austria-Hungary, now Piešťany, Slovakia – 13 February 1997) was a Hungarian aircraft designer and father of Ernő Rubik, the architect who became famous for his mechanical puzzles (e.g. the Rubik's Cube).

Early life 
Rubik was born in Austria-Hungary (modern day Slovakia). His father was reported to be missing in action in 1915 at the Eastern front. The war orphan enrolled in the Technical University of Budapest in 1929, studying mechanical engineering.

Career 
During the 1930s, he designed several gliders for manufacture by Műegyetemi Sportrepülő Egyesület, the sport flying association of the Budapest Technical University. In the years following the Second World War, these designs were followed by a number of powered aircraft, making Rubik the country's most prolific aircraft designer. These were manufactured by his own enterprise, Aero-Ever in Esztergom, until the firm was nationalised in 1948 as Sportárutermelő Vállalat.

Rubik designed 28 gliders and 5 powered aircraft during his career.

One of his most famous aircraft is the R-26 Góbé, a popular training glider in Hungary.

Personal life 
Rubik retired in 1971, and died on 13 February 1997. His son, also called Ernő Rubik, is an architect who most famously invented the Rubik's Cube.

Notable aircraft designed 

 MSrE M-20 (1936)
 MSrE M-19 (1937)
 Rubik R-03 Szittya I (1937)
 Rubik R-07 Vöcsök (1937)
 Rubik R-08 Pilis (1939)
 Rubik R-03 Szittya I (1940)
 Rubik R-11b Cimbora (1941)
 Rubik R-17 Móka (1944)
 Rubik R-18 Kánya (1948)
 Rubik R-12 Kevély (1949)
 Rubik R-15 Koma (1949)
 Rubik R-16 Lepke (1949)
 Rubik R-22 Futár (1950)
 OMRE OE-01 (1951)
 Rubik R-23 Gébics (1957)
 Rubik R-25 Mokány (1960)
 Rubik R-26 Góbé (1961)
 Rubik R-27 Kópé (1961/1962)
 Rubik R-31 Dupla (1983)

Notes

References

1910 births
1997 deaths
People from Piešťany
Hungarians in Slovakia
20th-century Hungarian inventors
Aircraft designers
Gasoline heater. A gasoline heater is a small gasoline-fueled space-heater. Fixed versions were originally used mainly for supplemental heat for passenger compartments of automobiles and aircraft, with the latter still in production.  Portable versions were also made.

Gasoline heaters were commercially available on automobiles starting in the 1930s with continued use until the 1960s, when they were almost entirely replaced with heaters that blow air past a small radiator warmed by hot engine coolant.

Operation
Gasoline is brought to the heater from the vehicle's fuel system. A fan blows air into a combustion chamber, where a glow plug or similar ignition device lights the gasoline/air mixture.  Ducting around this contains a second fan, which blows air warmed by contact with the combustion chamber into the interior of the vehicle.

Electricity is required to heat the ignition source, with systems designed to be compatible with 6-volt, 12-volt, and 24-volt automotive and aircraft electrical systems. 

Most gasoline heaters produce between 5,000 and 50,000 BTU per hour. A built-in safety switch prevents fuel from flowing unless the fan is working.

Safety
Gasoline heaters require an intake source of fresh air, and exhaust combusted gasses.  Due to the toxicity of the latter - carbon monoxide in particular - it is crucial to prevent spent gasses from entering a vehicle's interior.

Other combustion byproducts include soot, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and some carbon monoxide.

Manufacturers

South Wind heaters
The South Wind Heater was invented by Canadian Harry J. McCollum, who demonstrated his invention to the Stewart-Warner company in 1934.  

Production at the Chicago firm began a short time later, with more than 3 million units installed in automobiles, aircraft, and military vehicles by 1948.  These included 1940s Fords through early 1970s Volkswagens, and its Model M978 used in 1950s and 1960s military vehicles.

Others
Other manufacturers over the years have included Janitrol.
One current manufacturer of gasoline and diesel fueled heaters is the Espar corporation, of Ontario, Canada, a wholly owned subsidiary of the German company J. Eberspächer, the world's largest manufacturer of vehicle heating systems;

See also
 Gas heater
 Kerosene heater

References

Heaters
Robert MacFarlan Cole III. Robert MacFarlan Cole (December 26, 1889 – January 18, 1986) was an American chemical engineer, inventor, and author. He helped develop many chemicals, including freon and its use as a refrigerant and an aerosol repellent, a substance to counteract poisonous gas in World War I, synthetic rubber and pyrethrin insecticides in World War II, and ethylene oxide as a hospital germicide.

Biography
His education included studies at the Armour Institute (now part of Illinois Institute of Technology), the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago, where he received his doctorate in chemistry.

He married, on October 26, 1918, Wertha Pendleton, the daughter of William Frederic Pendleton, the founding bishop of the General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian Faith). Their children included: William P. Cole, Dandridge M. Cole, Aubrey Cole Odhner, and the Rev. Robert H. P. Cole.

He became the founder and first president of Hord Color Products in Sandusky, Ohio in 1920. There he helped pioneer color processes and products. In 1928, Mr. Cole went to work for the American Dyewood Co. in Chester, Pa., where he developed recycling of the paper in telephone directories.

Cole reported to the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company that he had witnessed chlorofluorocarbon, considered a poisonous gas, being used safely in Germany. A duPont chemist, William Warren Rhodes, and Mr. Cole worked on the development of the gas, to which duPont gave the trade name Freon. "I was there when the first seven cc's of Freon came out of the distilling apparatus in Sandusky, Ohio" He told a Pennsylvania newspaper.

During World War II, Mr. Cole was a member of the War Chemical Board and pioneered the artificial synthesis of pyrethrin, used as an insecticide by the U.S. Navy in the South Pacific. He died on January 18, 1986.

Bibliography
Stieglitz Theory of Color Production Chicago, 1937.

References 

American chemical engineers
American science writers
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
1889 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American chemists
20th-century American engineers
Burford-class ship of the line. The Burford class were three 68-gun third-rate ships of the line designed for the Royal Navy by Sir Joseph Allin. The Burford ships were almost the last "70-gun" (in practice 68-gun) ships designed by Allin. They were built to the draught specified by the 1745 Establishment as amended in 1754.

Ships
 
Builder: Chatham Dockyard
Ordered: 15 January 1754
Laid down: 30 October 1754
Launched: 5 May 1757 
Fate: Sold to be broken up, 1785

 
Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard 
Ordered: 15 January 1754
Laid down: 22 June 1754 
Launched: 13 December 1757 
Fate: Broken up, 1775

Builder: Plymouth Dockyard 
Ordered: 13 May 1758
Laid down: 9 August 1758
Launched: 31 May 1766 
Fate: Broken up, 1783

References
 Lavery, Brian (1983) The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650–1850. Conway Maritime Press. . 
 Lyon, David (1993) The Sailing Navy List. Conway Maritime Press.  
 Winfield, Rif (2007) British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714 – 1792. Seaforth Publishing. 

 

Ship of the line classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy
ECSE (Academic Degree). ECSE is an abbreviation for Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Systems Engineering. It is a designation used at some universities for the major or department that blends these three fields together.

One reason behind linking the areas of study is to provide students with a broad overview of each of software, hardware and Systems theory. However there are also reasons for not blending departments: Students who major in theoretical computer science, studying such topics as algorithm analysis and software engineering, may not have any use for extensive electrical engineering or systems theory classes. 

Not every university uses the ECSE designation. Several universities, for example, have separate EE/ECE and CS departments/majors. Other schools use the similar ECE (Electrical and Computer Engineering) designation. Additionally, some schools which offer an ECSE degree also offer degrees in Electrical Engineering or Computer Science separately.

Academic Citation

See also
Academic major

Computer science education
John Brooks Slaughter. John Brooks Slaughter (March 16, 1934 – December 6, 2023) was an American electrical engineer and college president who served as the first African-American director of the National Science Foundation (NSF). His work focused on the development of computer algorithms for system optimization and discrete signal processing.

Early life and education
Slaughter was born in and grew up in Topeka, Kansas, and attended Topeka High School. After two years at Washburn University, Slaughter transferred and earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from Kansas State University in 1956, an M.S. in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1961, and a Ph.D. in engineering sciences from the University of California, San Diego in 1971.

Academic career
Slaughter took a civilian position at the United States Navy Electronics Laboratory in San Diego in 1960. He was appointed Director of the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington in 1975. He joined the NSF in 1977 as assistant director for Astronomics, Atmospherics, Earth and Ocean Sciences. From 1980 to 1982 he was Director of the NSF.

Slaughter was elected to membership in the National Academy of Engineering in 1982. From 1982 to 1988 Slaughter served as Chancellor of the University of Maryland, College Park, then served as President of Occidental College in Los Angeles from 1988 to 1999. In 1999 he was appointed Melbo Professor of Leadership in Education at the University of Southern California.

Death
Slaughter died on December 6, 2023, while receiving treatment at Huntington Hospital in Pasadena, California. He was 89.

Awards and honors
Awarded the IEEE Founders Medal for 2022.
Mount Slaughter, one of the peaks of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica
In 2023, the USC Viterbi School of Engineering renamed their Center for Engineering Diversity to the John Brooks Slaughter Center for Engineering Diversity.

References

Further reading
Kessler, J., Kidd, J. Kidd R. & Morin, K. (1996). Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press. pp. 292–296.

External links
John Brooks Slaughter profile via The Faces of Science: African Americans in the Sciences.

1934 births
2023 deaths
People from Topeka, Kansas
Washburn University alumni
Kansas State University alumni
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
University of Washington faculty
Presidents of the University of Maryland, College Park
Presidents of Occidental College
University of Southern California faculty
United States National Science Foundation officials
Electrical engineering academics
American electrical engineers
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics
United States Navy civilians
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Engineers from California
Reagan administration personnel
Carter administration personnel
Topeka High School alumni
Orujo (olive waste). Alpeorujo is the solid liquid waste generated by the new two-phase method of olive oil extraction.

Orujo is called the wet solid waste, which is generated by the traditional methods of extraction, based on presses, and the continuous three-phase decanting processes. The process generates additionally one stream of olive oil and two streams of wastes, the Orujo and an aqueous waste called alpechín.

References

Olive oil
Paul Charlton (technologist). Paul Charlton is a software and hardware consultant in Silicon Valley. He was a pioneer in developing freeware and open source computer programs. He was the founder of C2B Technologies.

Timeline of notable technological contributions
1985 FastTerm - One of the earliest known Freeware and open-source programs for browsing and participating in online communities such as CompuServe, The Source, Delphi and Bulletin Board System networks which pre-dated the existence of the World Wide Web,.
1987 Myarc Disk Operating System (MDOS) - operating system for consumer oriented personal computer.
1987 Myarc 9640 Geneve - single-board consumer oriented personal computer.
1994 QuickTime - market leading multimedia presentation engine for Windows, Mac OS and other platforms.
1996 Carbon API for Mac OS - legacy application compatibility on Apple Computer's Darwin Kernel (derived from QTML authored for QuickTime).
 1996 Created a company named C Innovation which makes the student information system called Zangle.
1997 C2B Technologies, Inc - Founder and CTO of company which developed market leading Internet comparison shopping engine, company was acquired in 1998 by Inktomi, which was later acquired by Yahoo
1998 Java 2D - key contributor to graphics library  distributed by Sun Microsystems as part of its Java developer kits since 1998,.

Education
Charlton received a BS in the disciplines of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering (ECSE) from RPI (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)

References

Citations

External links

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Thatcher CX4. The Thatcher CX4 is an American-designed aircraft for amateur construction designed by David Thatcher of Pensacola, Florida and plans are supplied by Thatcher Aircraft, Inc.

Westberry Manufacturing supplies many parts and kits for the aircraft.

Design and development
The CX4 is a low wing, single-seat, conventional landing gear equipped aircraft, designed to be simple to build and safe to fly. The name of the plane, CX4, is taken from an old radio show featuring Hop Harrigan, whose plane was called CX4.

The aircraft is all metal, 6061-T6 aluminium, except the cowling. The aluminum main gear legs are sourced from a Monnett Sonerai with hydraulic disc toe brakes. It has a heater and ventilation system for all season flying. The aircraft can be built with an optional 3 gal aux fuel tank. The CX4's standard specified powerplant is a Volkswagen air-cooled engine. The design load factor is 3.8 g, with an ultimate load of 5.7 g.

The CX4 first flew in 2004. As of April, 2017, there were 55 flying CX4s in Australia, Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. The fleet had flown  3316.6 hours total.

Specifications (Thatcher CX4)

See also

References

General Aviation News Cover Story on Thatcher CX4
Air-Britain : Photographic Images Collection

External links

 Thatcher CX4 home page
 Video of CX4 in flight & interview with designer, David Thatcher

Homebuilt aircraft
2000s United States sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2004
MV British Dragoon. British Dragoon was a 9,909 ton tanker which was built as Empire Alliance in 1943. She was renamed British Dragoon in 1945, and scrapped in 1962.

History
Empire Alliance was built by Sir James Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland as yard number 747. She was launched on 8 March 1943 and completed in June 1943. Empire Alliance was built for the Ministry of War Transport and operated under the management of the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co, London and later the British Tanker Company.

War service
Empire Alliance was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War.

HX 251

Convoy HX 251 departed New York City on 7 August 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 23 August. Empire Alliance was carrying a cargo of gas, bound for Avonmouth.

UGS 34

Convoy UGS 34 which departed Hampton Roads on 23 February 1944 bound for Port Said. Empire Alliance transferred to another convoy at sea on 13 March.

GUS 33

Empire Alliance joined Convoy GUS 33 at sea from Convoy UGS 34 on 13 March 1944. The convoy had departed Port Said on 5 March 1944 bound for Hampton Roads. On 14 March she left the convoy bound for Algiers.

UGS 40

Convoy UGS 40 departed Norfolk, Virginia on 22 April 1944. On 11 May the convoy was bound for Bizerta, Tunisia when it came under air attack. Seventeen enemy aircraft were shot down without any of the ships in the convoy being lost.

Postwar
In 1945, Empire Alliance was sold to the British Tanker Company who renamed her British Dragoon. On 18 January 1951, British Dragoon was in collision with the Spanish ship , which sank. The collision occurred off Cape Espichel, Portugal. Thirty-six survivors were rescued by British Dragoon, which suffered some damage but managed to reach Lisbon safely. She served until 1962, arriving at Blyth for scrapping on 12 December 1962.

Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

Empire Alliance had the UK Official Number 169117  and used the Code Letters BFJD.

See also

Convoy UGS-40

References

1943 ships
Ships built on the River Wear
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
World War II tankers
Tankers of the United Kingdom
Berwick-upon-Tweed Power Station. Berwick Power Station was a small coal-fired power station situated at the mouth of the River Tweed, at Berwick-upon-Tweed in Northumberland, North East England. It operated from 1903 until the early 1940s.

History 
An electric lighting order was granted to the borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1900, Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No.7) Act 1900 (63 & 64 Vict. c. clxvii).  Supplies of electricity started on 26 September 1903. By 1915 the plant comprised three boilers, two Belliss engines coupled directly to three Crompton dynamos. There was a 400 Amp-hour battery to maintain supplies. The total plant capacity was 180 kW. In the year ended 31 December 1912 a total of 286.68 MWh was sold to 354 customers. 

In the early 1920s the Berwick-upon-Tweed electricity undertaking was operated as part of the Urban Electric Supply Company Limited. The latter company operated electricity undertakings in Caterham, Cambourne, Dartmouth & Kingswear, Glossop, Godalming, Grantham, Illogan, Newbury, Newton Abbot, Redruth, Stamford, Weybridge and Woking.

In 1923 the plant at Berwick-upon-Tweed comprised three 90 kW and one 200 kW reciprocating engines driving electricity generators. The machines were supplied with up to 22,000 lb/hr (9,979 kg/hr) of steam. The generators operated at 500 Volts and supplied Direct Current at 240 and 480 Volts to consumers. In 1923 the plant generated 539.447 GWh, the maximum load was 330 MW and there were 1,673 connections on the system. The undertaking sold 423,000 kWh which generated an income of £10,338. After deduction of expense there was a profit of £5,083.

The station was constructed in the 1930s. The station's main building, which consisted of a boiler house and turbine hall, stood at two stories tall. The station was designed to fit in with the town walls, and so constructed in stone. The main building was a triple gabled building, with irregular windows. It had frontage onto the river for easy access to condensing water and coal delivery.

In 1937 the power station was owned by the Scottish Southern Electric Supply Company Limited. The plant comprised four boilers with a total steam output of 22,000 lb/hr. Three 90kW and one 200kW reciprocating engines. These generated 700.04 MWh, the majority of electric power was imported, the total sold was 2,337 MWh to 1,758 customers. The financial gross surplus was £5,264. 

The Berwick-on-Tweed power station had been decommissioned by 1946 as it does not appear in a list of British power stations.

After ceasing to generate electricity, the generating equipment was removed and the building was used as a storehouse. The building was eventually demolished in the late 1990s.

References

Power stations in North East England
Buildings and structures in Northumberland
Demolished power stations in the United Kingdom
Wassmer WA-40. The Wassmer WA-40 Super 4 Sancy is a French single-engined light aircraft of the 1960s and 70s. A single-engined low-winged monoplane with retractable nosewheel undercarriage, variants include the more powerful WA 4/21 Prestige and the WA-41 Baladou with a fixed undercarriage.

Design and development
In 1955, Société Wassmer, which was formed in 1905 as an aircraft repair organisation, opened a design department, subsequently building over 300 Jodel aircraft under license before producing its first fully original aircraft, the WA-40 Super Sancy. This was a low-winged monoplane with a retractable nosewheel undercarriage. The fuselage was of steel tube construction with fabric covering, while the wings were of wooden construction. The first prototype flew on 8 June 1959, receiving French certification on 9 June 1960.

On the 53rd production aircraft (1963), a swept vertical fin and rudder were incorporated (designated WA.40A; first flying in January 1963 and receiving French certification in March 1963); all subsequent units produced continued the swept design.

In 1965 the WA.41, with fixed landing gear was introduced, named Baladou. In March 1967 the Super 4/21 Prestige, powered by a 235 hp (175 kW) Lycoming O-540 engine. The 4/21 used a McCauley variable-pitch propeller, autopilot, electric flaps and IFR instrumentation.

An all-metal derivative design, the CE-43 Guépard (Cheetah) was produced by CERVA, a production company which Wassmer and Siren SA formed. It used the same engine as the Prestige (which by 1971 had been upgraded to a 250 hp Lycoming IO-540).

Wassmer suffered financial difficulty in 1977, and became insolvent in September 1977. By that time the Guépard offered an optional sixth seat, and designers were developing two further variants, the CE.44 Cougar and the CE.45 Léopard. However, due to the liquidation, those developments were not finalized, and no further aircraft were produced after September 1977.

Variants
WA-40 Super IV
Original production. Powered by 180 hp Lycoming O-360-A1A engine. Upswept fin. Two prototypes + 50 production aircraft.
WA-40A Super IV
Revised production with swept fin. 180 WA-40 and WA40A built.
WA-41 Baladou
Simplified version with fixed undercarriage. 60 built by 1970.
WA 4/21 Prestige
More powerful version of the WA-40A with 250 hp Lycoming IO-540-C4B5 engine, electric flaps and landing gear, lengthened nose, the prototype was fitted with a 235 hp engine, 25 built by 1970.
WA-41-250
Alternate designation for the WA 4/21 production aircraft with a 250 hp engine.
CERVA CE-43 'Guépard'
derived from the WA4/21 the CE-43 was produced by CERVA
CERVA CE-44 'Couguar'
derived from CE-43 'Guépard'
CERVA CE-45 'Leopard'
derived from CE-43 'Guépard'

Specifications (WA-40A)

References

Sources
 

Wassmer aircraft
1950s French civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
Single-engined piston aircraft
NER Class O. The NER Class O (LNER Class G5) was a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotives of the North Eastern Railway, designed by the company's Chief Engineer, Wilson Worsdell. They all survived into British Railways ownership in 1948 and their BR numbers were 67240-67349. They were withdrawn between 1950 and 1958.

Accidents and incidents
In July 1957, locomotive No. 67338 was used for a series of tests into the performance of concrete sleepers when trains were derailed. These tests took place between Halifax and Keighley, Yorkshire.

Preservation 

None of the G5s were preserved, although a replica, No. 1759 is under construction at Shildon. It will be built for use on various heritage lines.

Models
Bachmann Branchline have made a OO gauge model of the NER O class.

References

0-4-4T locomotives
O
Railway locomotives introduced in 1894
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Passenger locomotives