omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
No. 123 Locomotive (National Cultural Property of Japan). The  No. 123 Locomotive  is an historic steam locomotive, designated as a National Cultural Property of Japan.

History 
The locomotive was one of a series of twelve units ordered from Great Britain, split among four manufacturers, to be used on the opening of the Osaka-Kobe railway on May 11, 1874. No. 123 is one of four that were sourced from the Robert Stephenson and Company.

The unit was built in Great Britain in 1873, arriving in Japan in 1874. It underwent technical trials shortly after arrival, and started revenue service when the line was opened that same year. Initially running between Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe, in 1909 it was transferred to the Kanazawa engine depot, then was transferred to the Hikami Railway in Shimane Prefecture in 1915. It was then transferred to the Kaya Railway (now Kaya Kosan Co., Ltd.) in Kyoto Prefecture when the railway opened in October 1926. It is one of four side-tank steam locomotives with a 2-4-0 wheel arrangement that were manufactured in 1873 by Robert Stephenson & Co for the railway.

No. 123 was used in freight service before World War II, then pulled passenger trains after the war. It was withdrawn from service in 1956, having run over 297,000 km in the last 80 years before retirement.

Preservation and significance 
In 1977, the locomotive was then placed on display at the "Kaya Steam Locomotive Square" on the grounds of Kaya Station, part of 20 pieces of rolling stock related to the railway. The museum closed in 2020. It was designated as a National Cultural Property in June 2005. The locomotive is one of only three preserved locomotives of this type, the other two being in Norway and Egypt. It is significant in that it has hardly been modified since it was built, preserving the original look and build of the type.

Technical details 
The locomotive is built to the 1067 mm rail gauge with a 2-4-0 wheel arrangement. The side-tank locomotive is equipped with Stephenson valve gears. Its maximum dimensions are 7981mm in length, 2148mm in width, and 3589mm in height. Locomotives of this type were designated as  Imperial Government Railway of Japan Class 230, serving as technical guides for the first Japanese domestic build steam locomotives (JGR Class 860, built in 1893).

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification

References

Steam locomotives of Japan
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1874
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
2-4-0T locomotives
Robert Stephenson and Company locomotives
List of preserved EMD locomotives. A number of locomotives constructed by Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) have been preserved in museums, on tourist railroads, and various other locations across the world. Each locomotive is listed by serial number.

Streamlined power cars

Switchers

SC

SW

Freight cab units (F)

FT

FP45

Passenger cab units (E)

EA/EB

E7

E8

General Purpose locomotives (GP)

GP7

GP9

GP30

GP40

GP40-2

Special Duty locomotives (SD)

SD7

SD9

SD40

SDP40

SD45

SD50

Formerly preserved, scrapped

GP9

SD7

SD9

SD45

SD50

References 

Electro-Motive Division locomotives
Electro-Motive Diesel locomotives
Preserved locomotives
On My Own Technology. On My Own Technology (abbreviated as OMOTEC) is an innovation and research lab headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is an EdTech firm. They educate students through a curriculum called STEM - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths.

Students through these programs have won the World Robot Olympiad 2020 and other.

Work and Research Area 
OMOTEC is an EdTech firm. OMOTEC has designed a curriculum to educate students on Cyber Security along with Kamakshi Sharma, world record holder on cybercrime investigations.

Two OMOTEC students won the Microsoft Imagine Cup and their innovative project focused on developing a non-invasive method to screen for skin cancer using artificial intelligence. This lab also uses the open-source data materials of MIT and Google to teach students.

 Robotics
 Coding
 Machine Learning
 Artificial Intelligence
 Electronics

Innovative Tech Competition 
OMOTEC students trained through STEM have won various international innovative tech competitions. OMOTEC students have represented India and won the  following competition.

 World Robot Olympiad 2020 
 FTC Asia Pacific Open Championship (APOC) 2024
 Iris National Fair 2021-22
 Grand Award at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair
 Microsoft- Imagine Cup Junior AI
 Google India Code to Learn 2021

See also 

 Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 
 Innovative Technology Experiences for Students 
 Science for the People

References 

Robotics competitions
Science education in India
Educational technology companies
Education companies of India
Wang Yi-chuan. Wang Yi-chuan (; born 7 March 1972) is a Taiwanese politician.

Education 
Wang graduated from National Taiwan University (NTU) with a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in civil engineering and earned a Master of Science (M.S.) in transportation engineering from the university. He then earned a Ph.D. from NTU in civil engineering and transportation engineering in 2002.

Academic career
Prior to working in public service, Wang taught at Toko University, where he served as chair of the Department of Transportation and Logistics.

Political career
During the mayoralty of Lin Chia-lung, Wang served as director general of Taichung City Government's Transportation Bureau. As transportation director, Wang was involved in planning for the Taichung Metro. In this role, he explored installing ground level traffic signs for pedestrians using smartphones, sought to implement a rewards system for dashcam footage of traffic incidents, and upgraded Taichung City Bus stations to save on electricity costs. He opposed the expansion of oBike services to Taichung.

Wang contested the 2019 by-election for a vacant Legislative Yuan seat in Taichung's fifth district on behalf of the Democratic Progressive Party, and lost to . Wang subsequently worked for the DPP-affiliated Taiwan Thinktank and as a political commentator.

Wang was ranked fourteenth on the DPP party list in the 2024 legislative elections, and not elected to the Legislative Yuan. After the election, he was named director of the DPP's Policy Research and Coordinating Committee. While in this position, Wang stated on a political talk show that the Democratic Progressive Party could use mobile phone data to determine the ages of protesters participating in the 2024 Taiwanese constitutional controversy demonstrations. These comments drew attention in the Legislative Yuan and National Communications Commission, as well as criticism of Wang by the Kuomintang and Taiwan People's Party. Wang himself criticised Kuomintang politician Andrew Hsia for visiting China, and the Taipei City Government for a subcontract signed with Taifo during the mayoral administration of TPP founding chairman Ko Wen-je.

In May 2024, the Taiwan Affairs Office, an agency of the People's Republic of China, sanctioned Wang and four other Taiwanese for disseminating "false and negative information about the mainland" that "deceived some Taiwanese, sowed division ... and harmed brotherly goodwill across the Strait". Wang responded to the declaration sarcastically, urging the Taiwan Affairs Office to undergo "deep self-reflection."

In November, Wang was appointed to the Legislative Yuan, replacing Hung Sun-han, who was elevated to labor minister upon the resignation of Ho Pei-shan. He formally took office on 2 December 2024.

References

1972 births
Living people
Democratic Progressive Party Members of the Legislative Yuan
Members of the 11th Legislative Yuan
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Tainan
Taiwanese individuals subject to Chinese sanctions
Supermarine Type 391. 

The Supermarine Type 391 was the last piston-engined fighter to be proposed by Supermarine.

History 
In 1943, as the design of the Spiteful was proceeding, Supermarine presented a brochure to the Air Ministry describing a "High-Performance Aeroplane for the Royal Navy", designated internally as the Supermarine Type 391. Of greater length and span than the Spiteful, the Type 391 was intended to be used as a carrier-borne fighter, with a secondary role as a strike aircraft.

The wing of the Type 391 was similar in outline to that of the Spiteful but was larger and, unlike all previous Supermarine fighters, was mid-mounted. The whole section outboard of the undercarriage hinged up, while a wide centre-section incorporated thick roots with tapered leading-edge air intakes. These fed the engine cooling radiators. Because of the higher-mounted wing, the main undercarriage legs were also longer, with the wheels pivoting when raised to fit into wells in the fuselage. The forward fuselage was lengthened to accommodate the new engine, while the rear had redesigned and enlarged tail surfaces.

The Type 391 was eventually rejected in favour of the jet-powered Type 392, which became the Supermarine Attacker,

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography
 Andrews, Charles Ferdinand and Eric B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft Since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1981. .
 Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. .
 Pegram, Ralph. Supermarine Secret Projects, Vol 2: Fighters and Bombers. Horncastle, Lincolnshire, UK: Mortons Media Group Limited, 2022. .

Type 391
1940s British fighter aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Carrier-based aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Ludwik Finkelstein. Ludwik Finkelstein (December 6, 1929 – August 27, 2011) OBE FREng was a British engineer and academician known for his significant contributions to the fields of measurement science, instrumentation, and systems engineering. A researcher and educator, Finkelstein's work bridged theoretical advancements and practical applications in engineering.

Early life and education
Finkelstein was born in Lvov, Poland. In 1941, during World War II, he and his family were deported to Ukraine by Soviet forces. After the war, the family relocated to the United Kingdom, where Finkelstein pursued his education and built a successful career.

He completed his BSc Degree in Physics and Mathematics from University of London in 1951, After which he started working at Mining Research Establishment of the National Coal Board while studying electrical engineering and physics where he earned a MSc from University of London in 1959. He then earned his doctorate and became deeply involved in advancing systems engineering and instrumentation, with a long tenure at City, University of London.

Career
Finkelstein served as a professor at University of London, and established himself as an expert in measurement science, control systems, and the application of cybernetics to engineering problems. His research emphasized practical solutions and technological innovation, and he became a pioneer in connecting theoretical concepts with industrial applications.

Beyond academia, he held key advisory roles, including serving as the chief regional adviser for Greater London for the Home Office's scientific service for Home Defence. In this capacity, he contributed to national strategies on scientific and technological preparedness. He later on became the Pro – Vice Chancellor of Northampton College of Advance Technology from 1991–1994.

Personal life
Finkelstein married Mirjam Finkelstein, the daughter of Alfred Wiener, founder of The Wiener Holocaust Library. Together, they had three children: Anthony, Daniel, and Tamara.

Awards and recognitions
He was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977 and appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1990. He was a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and held Honorary Doctorates from City University, London, and St. Petersburg Technical University.

See also
Hitler, Stalin, Mum and Dad, a 2023 memoir by Daniel Finkelstein

References 

1929 births
2011 deaths
Academics of the University of London
Alumni of City, University of London
Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British engineers
Charla Wise. Charla Kamm Wise is an American aerospace executive who became vice president of engineering at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics and served as president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Education and career
Wise graduated from the University of Michigan in 1975, with a degree in aeronautical and aerospace engineering.

She began working for General Dynamics on the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon program in 1975, becoming program director for production of the F-16 for the United States Air Force from 1975 to 1980, and director of the F-16 program as a whole in 1987. The General Dynamics aircraft manufacturing business was sold in 1993 to Lockheed and in 1995 became part of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics. Meanwhile, in 1994, Wise became program director for the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor program, and was named vice president of engineering for Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems in 1998.

Wise became aerospace vice president of SAE International for a three-year term from 2008 to 2011. She was elected president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for the 2017–2018 term.

Recognition
Wise was the 2002 recipient of the Women In Aerospace Lifetime Achievement Award and the 2016 recipient of the Society of Women Engineers Upward Mobility Award. She was named as an ASME Fellow in 2022, and is also a fellow of SAE International.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American aerospace engineers
American women engineers
Women aerospace engineers
University of Michigan alumni
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Big Star Solar Project. The Big Star Solar Project is a photovoltaic array and storage project located outside of Rosanky, Texas, in southern Bastrop County, Texas.

History 
The development of the Big Star Solar Project is a part of Texas's broader strategy to diversify its energy sources and reduce its carbon footprint. Traditionally known for its oil and gas industry, but over the last decade, the state has also emerged as a leader in renewable energy, particularly as the construction of wind and solar power projects have taken off.

Planning, Development & Construction 
The project was initiated in the mid-2010s by German multinational energy company RWE, as part of a larger wave of solar farm development in the state. Solar projects like Blue Star have gained momentum in Texas after the passage of the Texas Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (REPS), and the falling costs of solar technology, making it more financially viable for both private and public investors.

Initial permits for the project were approved in 2019, with construction beginning soon after. The project was designed to be a utility-scale solar farm capable of generating hundreds of megawatts (MW) of electricity, enough to power tens of thousands of homes.

The construction phase of the Big Star Solar Project involved the installation of tens of thousands of solar panels across a 2,500-acre stretch of land in Bastrop County. The project employed local workers and provided a temporary economic boost to the area during its construction phase.

The Big Star Solar Project began commercial operation in 2021. It generates approximately 200 MW of electricity, which is enough to power approximately 35,000 homes. The project's electricity is sold to utilities and private customers under long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs).

Opposition 
Despite its benefits, the Big Star Solar Project has faced significant opposition from certain local groups and residents of Bastrop County. The opposition primarily from the local Rosanky community, centers on the "Corporate Welfare", land use and zoning, environmental concerns, aesthetic & visual impact and energy dependence.

One of the most vocal objections have come from local residents, who are concerned about the use of large tracts of land for solar farms, especially in a region traditionally known for its agricultural and residential communities. Some have argued that solar farms could displace farming activities and/or lower property values, especially for those with adjacent land. Other local residents have expressed concern about the visual aesthetics of the solar panels, especially considering the size of the installation. They argue that the large, industrial-scale solar farm could detract from the natural beauty and rural character of the area.

Electricity Production 

 Capacity: 200 MW (megawatts)
 Annual Output: Approximately 450,000 MWh (megawatt-hours) of electricity, enough to power about 35,000 homes per year.

References 

Bastrop County, Texas
Solar power stations in Texas
Photovoltaic power stations in the United States
Indian locomotive class YP. The Indian locomotive class YP are a class of  passenger locomotives built for Indian Railways' metre gauge network as one of several post-partition standard designs evolved from the pre-war Indian Railway Standard designs.

History 
A total of 871 locomotives were built between 1949 and 1970 by various manufacturers. They were among the most commonly used steam locomotives in the country and one of the last built specifically for passenger service in the world. Baldwin Locomotive Works delivered the first batch of 20 locomotives in 1949, followed by another 100 by the North British Locomotive Company, and Krauss-Maffei supplied a further 200 locomotives between 1952 and 1954. The remaining 551 were domestically built by Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co. between 1954 and 1970.

Until the 1990s, YP class were in service on India's metre-gauge network in large numbers, especially, in the states of Rajasthan, Assam and Tamil Nadu.

Several examples have been preserved and are now on display in various Indian railway museums. Numbers 2257 and 2684 were sold in 1990 to American-owned Railroad Development Corporation and were seen in Togo .

Table of builders and numbers

Design 
The YP class were essentially a metre-gauge version of the broad-gauge WP class, but they lacked the distinctive bullet-nose smokebox casing seen on the latter. In addition, the YPs had the latest technical features present in a steam locomotive at the time, such as a steel firebox, combustion chambers, and large-area superheater.

Since the locomotives were intended for use on routes with relatively low axle loads, they had to be as light as possible. For this reason, the  and cab were made of aluminum as a weight-saving measure.

Allocation 
The YP class locomotives were used all over India. By the end of 1976, the locomotives were allocated to the following regional zones of Indian Railways:

Two locomotives of this class had been withdrawn at the time.

References

Further reading

 Brian Hollingsworth: Dampflokomotiven: Ein technisches Handbuch der bedeutendsten internationalen Personenzuglokomotiven von 1820 bis heute. Springer-Verlag, 1983, , YP class on p. 192

External links
 Technical diagrams on the Indian Railways Fan Club (IRFCA) website

Baldwin locomotives
4-6-2 locomotives
YP
NBL locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1949
Metre gauge steam locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Clemeprol. Clemeprol is an serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressant and anticholinergic agent.

It is an enantiomeric mixture of R and S isomers.  Both isomers show similar pharmacological activity.

Synthesis
A synthetic pathway for clemeprol is disclosed: 

The Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation between 3-chlorobenzophenone [1016-78-0] (1) and dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (Corey's reagent) [5367-24-8], gives 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyloxirane [71827-53-7] (2). Further reaction with boron trifluoride etherate [109-63-7] gives m-chlorophenyl-phenylacetaldehyde, PC12549135 (3). A second Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation gives 2-[(3-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]oxirane, PC12549073 (4). Quenching with dimethylamine completes the synthesis of clemeprol (5).

See also 
BRL15572 [734517-40-9]

References 

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Amines
Phenyl compounds
Dimethylamino compounds
4-Chlorophenyl compounds
Gimli (cipher). Gimli is a 384-bit cryptographically secure pseudorandom permutation that can be used to construct a hash function or stream cipher by using it in a sponge construction.

One stated design goal is the ability to deliver high speeds on many different platforms from 8-bit AVR CPUs to 64-bit desktop CPUs while still maintaining high security.

It has been submitted to the second round of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process.

Algorithm
Gimli has a 384-bit state represented by a 3×4 matrix of 32-bit words. A column is represented by 3×32 = 96 bits while a row is represented by 4×32 = 128 bits.

Each round, each of the 4 columns is separately split into 3 32-bit words x, y and z.

Those are then transformed according to the following 3 steps in parallel.

Step 1:
 
 
Step 2:
 
 
 
Step 3:
 
 

After every fourth round starting from the first round, the first and second word and the third and fourth word are swapped. This is called "Small-Swap".

After every fourth round starting from the third round, the first and third word and the second and fourth word are swapped. This is called "Big-Swap".

The round number decrements starting from 24 and when it reaches 24, 20, 16, 12, 8 or 4, the round number or  is xored into the first word of the state.

The magic constant  is chosen to be the upper 3 bytes of , which would be , where  is the golden ratio (as a nothing-up-my-sleeve number)

An implementation of the core permutation in C/C++ appears below.
#include <stdint.h>
#define ROTL(x, b) (b == 0 ? x : ((x << b) | (x >> (32 - b))))

void gimli(uint32_t *state) {
  uint32_t x, y, z;

  for (int round = 24; round > 0; --round) {
    for (int column = 0; column < 4; ++column) {
      x = ROTL(state[column], 24);
      y = ROTL(state[column + 4], 9);
      z = state[column + 8];

      state[column + 8] = x ^ (z << 1) ^ ((y & z) << 2);
      state[column + 4] = y ^ x ^ ((x | z) << 1);
      state[column] = z ^ y ^ ((x & y) << 3);
    }

    if ((round & 3) == 0) {
      x = state[0];
      state[0] = state[1];
      state[1] = x;
      x = state[2];
      state[2] = state[3];
      state[3] = x;
    }
   
    if ((round & 3) == 2) {
      x = state[0];
      state[0] = state[2];
      state[2] = x;
      x = state[1];
      state[1] = state[3];
      state[3] = x;
    }

    if ((round & 3) == 0) {
      state[0] ^= (round | 0x9e377900);
    }
  }
}

Implementation and usage
 The reference implementation provided with the specification
 libhydrogen: a cryptographic library that constructs all primitives using Gimli and Curve25519
 liblithium: like libhydrogen and maintained by Tesla

See also
 Keccak: another permutation.

References

Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators
Cryptographic hash functions
Stream ciphers
Permutations