omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hunter 40.5. The Hunter 40.5, also referred to as the Legend 40.5, is an American sailboat that was designed by the Hunter Design Team as a cruiser and first built in 1991.

Production
The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States from 1991 to 1997, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hunter 40.5 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop B&R rig, a slightly raked stem, a walk-through reverse transom with a swimming platform and folding ladder, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed wing keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard wing keel.

The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo or Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

Factory standard equipment included a 130% roller furling genoa, four two-speed self tailing winches, anodized spars, marine VHF radio, knotmeter, depth sounder, AM/FM radio and CD player with four speakers, anchor roller, hardwood cabin sole, fully enclosed head with shower, private forward and aft cabins, a dinette table that converts to a berth, complete set of kitchen dishes, microwave oven, dual stainless steel sinks, three-burner gimbaled liquid petroleum gas stove and oven and life jackets. Factory options included air conditioning and a mast furling mainsail.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 108 with a high of 120 and low of 102. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
C&C 40
CS 40
Columbia 40
Hunter 40
Hunter 41
Marlow-Hunter 40

References

External links
Official brochure

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Hunter Design Team
Sailboat types built by Hunter Marine
Oil on copper. Oil on copper painting is the process of creating artworks by using oil paints with copper as the substrate. This is sometimes referred to as "copper as canvas" because canvas is the most well known surface material used for oil paintings.

History 
Oil on copper paintings were prevalent in the mid sixteenth century in Italy and Northern Europe. The use of copper as a substrate for an oil painting dates back to Medieval times. The Flemish masters and other artists including Jan Breughel the Elder, Claude, El Greco, Guido Reni, Guercino, Rembrandt, Carlo Saraceni, Ambrosius Bosschaert II, Copley Fielding and Vernet painted on copper. They favored copper for its smooth surface which allowed fine detail, and its durability. Copper is more durable than canvas or wood panel as a support for oil painting, as it will not rot, mildew or be eaten by insects. Contemporary painters also use copper as a base for paintings, some of them allowing the metal or patina to show through.

Process 
The old masters prepared the copper for painting first by rubbing it with fine pumice abrasive. The copper surface was then treated with garlic juice which is believed to improve adhesion of the paint. Finally a white or grey ground layer of oil paint was applied as a primer. After drying the copper panel was ready for the artist to begin painting. Later artists used the patina process, in which the copper is oxidized with the use of various acidic solutions, as part of the art work itself. The resulting patina or verdigris includes darkening of the metal, green and blue tones, depending on the chemical solution used. Patina is characterized by beautiful variated patterns and textures which occur on the metal's surface.

Examples 

 Isle of the Dead (painting)
 Mars and Venus oil on copper (1605–1610), (São Paulo Museum of Art, São Paulo)
 The Madonna and Child with Saint Anne and an Angel oil on copper, () Honolulu Museum of Art
 Scylla by Fillipo Lauri.

References

External links

 
Painting techniques
Painting materials
Copper
Aspera (company). Aspera is a data transport and streaming technology company that provides high-speed data transfer services. Aspera belongs to the hybrid cloud business unit of IBM.

History

Aspera was founded in 2004 by Michelle Munson and Serban Simu. Munson and Simu patented and Aspera developed FASP, a high-speed data transfer protocol, and software products based on FASP. IBM acquired Aspera in January 2014. 

Aspera won a 2013 Primetime Engineering Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Engineering Development and a 2014 Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for Secure Accelerated File Movement over IP including the Internet. The company received a Hollywood Professional Association (HPA) Engineering Excellence Award for its Telestream Vantage with Lightspeed Live Capture product in 2018.

Patents
Aspera has been granted the following patents:

 2005: Bulk data transfer technology.

 2007: Methods and systems for aggregate bandwidth control.

 2009: Practical models for high speed file delivery services, supporting guaranteed delivery times and differentiated service levels.

 2010: Methods and systems for input and output driven rate adaptation.

 2012: Multicast bulk transfer systems.

 2015: Bulk data transfer and measuring the roundtrip time of requests and transmissions.

See also

 List of mergers and acquisitions by IBM

References

External links

IBM acquisitions
IBM subsidiaries
Kammatograph. The Kammatograph was a system for motion pictures patented in 1898 in the UK by Leonard Ulrich Kamm and marketed to the general public from 1900. It used a circular glass plate rather than a spool of film for the images.

Inventor
Leo (Leonard) Ulrich Kamm (born 1861) invented and patented the Kammatograph system for moving pictures. It was one of the products of his company, Kamm and Co that he had founded in 1892 to manufacture electrical goods and camera equipment. He used patents to protect his intellectual property. He was granted a British patent on 3 December 1898 for "Improvements in apparatus for photographing and exhibiting cinematographic pictures" that describes the Kammatograph.

Technical aspects
A kammatograph was made of Spanish mahogany, aluminium, and gun metal, was 14 x 13.5 x 3.5 inches (35.5 x 34.3 x 8.9 cm) in size and weighed about 8 lbs (3.6 kg). 
 
The photographic images were arranged on a 12 inch (30.5 cm) glass disc in a spiral, providing a distinction from other systems. The glass disc was coated with a photosensitive gelatine emulsion. To record images, the lens cap was removed and the disc was rotated in front of the lens by hand. It could record 300 or 550 images and a gauge at the back of the camera showed how many exposures were left. The disc was removed from the camera in a dark room and processed to produce a negative in the same way as contemporary photographic plates. A circular positive print could be made from the negative as a contact print. This could then be used in the camera to show the pictures, after changing the shutter and lens stop. From a distance of 20 feet (6 m) it could project a 6 foot (1.8 m) square image onto a screen. When complete, each film could last 30 – 45 seconds.

Commercial aspects
The kammatograph was one of the product of L Kamm and Co., scientific engineers and manufacturers, 27 Powell Street, Cromwell Road, London E.C. The company produced kammatographs and all the necessary accessories.

Two selling-points were that it did not require flammable celluloid film and that it was easier for amateur photographers to use at home than other contemporary systems. A significant disadvantage was that each recording had to be short and editing was not possible.

Impact on cinematography
A kammatograph was used around 1901 by William Norman Lascelles Davidson and Benjamin Jumeaux in experiments with colour which led to Kinemacolor which was the first commercially successful colour motion film process.

Henderina Scott pioneered time-lapse photography of plants in 1903 using a kammatograph.  Kamm and Co. Ltd. assisted her in optimising the equipment for time-lapse.

References 

History of film
Dorand DO.1. The Dorand DO.1 was an armoured reconnaissance-bomber designed and built in France from 1913. A small number were used operationally as a stop-gap measure.

Design and development
General Bernard of the Aéronautique Militaire issued a specification for an armoured reconnaissance-bomber, with response from Blériot, Breguet, Clément-Bayard, Deperdussin, Ponnier, Voisin and Dorand.

Capitaine Émile Dorand's offering, the DO.1, was an un-equal span biplane of wooden construction and fabric covering, with a slender square-section fuselage supported on struts between the negatively staggered mainplanes. Power was supplied by an  Anzani 6-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, mounted in the nose. The pilot sat in an  open cockpit under the trailing edge of the upper mainplane and the mechanic / observer sat in an open cockpit forward of the wings, protected from small arms fire by  armour plates. Control was through conventional ailerons and rudder with an all-flying biplane tailplane providing pitch control. The undercarriage consisted of paired mainwheels mounted on struts, with skids between each pair of wheels and a tail-skid at the end of the fuselage. The DO.1 was found to be easy to fly, but seriously under-powered, resulting in a very short service life.

Later, in 1916, the DO.1 was resurrected and re-designed as the Dorand AR.1 and AR.2, retaining many of the features of the DO.1 with a new fuselage and much more powerful engine.

Operational history
Do.1s were issued to Escadrille DO14 at Belfort on 14 December 1914, which used them in support of the 7th Armée at Hartmanswillerkopf and Rickhackerhoff in Belgium. DO14 replaced its DO.1s with Maurice Farman MF.11 in early 1915. Six more DO.1s were issued to Escadrille DO22 at Villacoublay on 23 August 1914, flying operations in support of the 4th Armée in the Battle of the Marne. DO22 replaced its DO.1s with Maurice Farman MF.11 by 14 November 1914 and was re-designated Escadrille MF22. A few DO.1s were assigned to Escadrille V14 for escort duties but were quickly withdrawn from operations.

In 1913 a DO.1 flown by Labouchère flew  and a group of six aircraft led by Capitaine Leclerc flew  in six stages.

Operators

Aéronautique Militaire
Escadrille DO14
Escadrille DO22
Escadrille V14

Specifications (DO.1)

References

1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes with negative stagger
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in France
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Wei Cai. Wei Cai is a professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University.

Early life and career
In 1995, Cai received his Bachelor of Science degree in optoelectronics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Hubei province, China. In 2001, Cai received a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and immediately after it became a postdoc at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where he remained until 2004. In July 2004, Cai became an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University, and in September 2011 was promoted to associate professor.

Memberships
Wei Cai is a member of numerous societies including: American Nuclear Society, American Physical Society, Materials Research Society, Alpha Nu Sigma Honor Society of American Nuclear Society and Sigma Xi.

Works
2006 – Computer Simulations of Dislocations
2016 – Imperfections in Crystalline Solids

References

External links

Wei Cai page at Stanford University 

20th-century births
Living people
Chinese mechanical engineers
Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Year of birth missing (living people)
Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering faculty
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Hunter Passage 42. The Hunter Passage 42 is an American sailboat that was designed by the Hunter Design Team as a cruiser and first built in 1989.

The Passage 42 may be confused with the unrelated 2016 42-foot sailboat design, the Marlow-Hunter 42SS.

Production
The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States from 1989 to 1997, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hunter Passage 42 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a B&R masthead sloop rig, a center cockpit, a raked stem, a walk-through reverse transom with a swimming platform and folding ladder, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed wing keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard wing keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 4JH2TE diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

Factory standard equipment included a 130% roller furling genoa, dual two-speed self tailing winches, marine VHF radio, knotmeter, depth sounder, AM/FM radio and CD player with eight speakers, anchor teak and holly cabin sole, fully enclosed head with shower, private forward and aft cabins, with bedding, a dinette table that converts to a berth, microwave oven, dual sinks, three-burner gimbaled liquid petroleum gas stove and oven and life jackets. Factory options included in mast mainsail furling, air conditioning, electric halyard winch and leather cushions. It has  of below-decks headroom.

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 2010 review, yacht broker Richard Jordan noted the design and space below decks, "down below showcases the strengths of Hunter. The interior layout with centerline queen aft and a saloon you could yoga in is what every cruiser lusts for." In addressing detractors, he stated, "some stuffy sailors will without thought disparage these yachts despite their advantages."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
C&C 42 Custom
C&C 131
Marlow-Hunter 42SS

References

External links
Official brochure

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Hunter Design Team
Sailboat types built by Hunter Marine
Peter Doig (trade unionist). Peter Doig (5 January 1882 – 13 October 1952) was a Scottish trade union leader.

Born in Glasgow, Doig served his apprenticeship as a draughtsman at John Brown and Company in Clydebank.  He emigrated to United States where he found work as a ship designer, but returned to the UK, and worked at Harland & Wolff in Belfast.  he then emigrated to Shanghai, and became a chief draughtsman there.

Doig began suffering from poor health, leading to a permanent disability.  He returned to the UK during World War I, and worked for William Beardmore and Company in Dalmuir.  In 1916, he joined the recently-formed Association of Engineering and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen (AESD).  He  acted on behalf of colleagues in a dispute about overtime pay, which was won.  This raised his profile in the union, and he was elected to its council in 1917, serving on its statistical sub-committee.

In December 1917, the AESD decided to, for the first time, appoint a full-time general secretary.  Doig stood for the post, defeating T. C. Dickie, W. Herd, W. MacFarlane and David Manktelow, and taking up the position in January 1918.  The union grew greatly under his leadership; by the time he retired on health grounds in 1945, it was a force in the engineering and shipbuilding industries.

In his spare time, Doig studied astronomy and wrote books on the subject.

References

1882 births
1952 deaths
General secretaries of the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section
Trade unionists from Glasgow
M. Tamer Özsu. M. Tamer Özsu, FRSC (born March 18, 1951) is a Turkish Canadian computer scientist working in the area of distributed and parallel data management. He is a University Professor in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science at the University of Waterloo.

Career and research
Özsu was born in Tavşanlı, Turkey. After completing bachelor's and master's degrees in industrial engineering at Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey in 1974 and 1978, respectively, he completed an MS in 1981 and a PhD in 1983 in computer and information science at the Ohio State University.

After his doctoral degree, Özsu accepted a position as an assistant professor of computing science at the University of Alberta in 1984. In 2000, he joined the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science as a professor.

Özsu's research is on large-scale data distribution and management of non-relational data. He coauthored with Patrick Valduriez Principles of Distributed Database Systems, fourth edition. He is co-editor-in-chief, with Ling Liu, of the Encyclopedia of Database Systems, second edition, was the founding editor-in-chief (2013–19) of ACM Books, and the founding series editor (2009–13) of Synthesis Lectures on Data Management.

Awards and honours
In 2018, Özsu was named University Professor, a position the University of Waterloo established in 2005 to recognize exceptional scholarly achievement and international pre-eminence among its faculty. In 2022, he received the IEEE Innovation in Societal Infrastructure Award for "contributions to data science infrastructure and distributed data management"; in 2019, he received the 2018 CS-Can/Info-Can Lifetime Achievement Award. He is a current holder of a David R. Cheriton Faculty Fellowship in Computer Science from 2018 to 2021, a position he held previously from 2013 to 2016.

Özsu was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2017, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2016, and an elected member of the Science Academy, Turkey in 2013. He became a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2010 and a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2006.

References

1951 births
Living people
Canadian people of Turkish descent
Canadian computer scientists
Database researchers
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Turkish computer scientists
Middle East Technical University alumni
Ivona Brandić. Ivona Brandić (born December 23, 1977) is a Bosnian–Austrian computer scientist known for her research on cloud computing. She is University Professor for High Performance Computing Systems in the Institute of Information Systems Engineering of TU Wien.

Education and career
Brandić was born in Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then part of Yugoslavia. She came to Austria as a secondary school student in 1992, not knowing any German, as a refugee from the Bosnian War. She earned a master's degree in business computer science in 2002 from the University of Vienna, and a doctorate in the same subject in 2007 from TU Wien. She completed her habilitation in applied computer science at TU Wien in 2013.

She was an untenured assistant professor in the Institute for Scientific Computing at the University of Vienna from 2002 to 2007, and in the faculty for informatics of TU Wien from 2007 to 2014, with a year on leave as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Melbourne in 2008. In 2014 she obtained a tenure track position at TU Wien.

Recognition
Brandić was the 2011 winner of the MiA award in science and research, an Austrian award for distinguished contributions by people with international backgrounds.
She won the Start-Preis of the Austrian Science Fund in 2015.
In 2016 she joined the Young Academy of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Selected publications

References

External links
Home page

1977 births
Living people
Yugoslav Wars refugees
Refugees in Austria
Austrian women computer scientists
Bosnia and Herzegovina refugees
TU Wien alumni
Academic staff of TU Wien
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong. When Ski Lifts Go Wrong is a construction and management simulation video game created by British indie developer Hugecalf Studios and published by Curve Digital. When Ski Lifts Go Wrong was released in early access on 4 October 2017 and fully released on 23 January 2019.

Gameplay 
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong is a low-poly physics-based construction simulation game in which the player must construct chairlifts, gondolas, jumps and bridges to get non-playable character skiers through a snowy mountain setting.

The goal is to achieve success in attempts to build strong structures within a budget. Each stage begins with a landscape over a paper background, where the materials can be placed and a cable is attached to these structures. The game visualises the amount of stress on each attached structure using colours so that the player knows which aspects of their construction they should improve on.

Each level is completed when the player creates a working structure to carry a set number of controllable non-player character riders to the other side of the map. In over 100 levels, riders have to be carried across safely and the map has to remain intact. There are other factors in each level, such as a star rating which counts the number of stars the riders collect during the level, and a price limit which the player should stay under. A level editor is available, where players can create their own maps to play on.

Development 
When Ski Lift Go Wrong was released in early access under the name Carried Away on 4 October 2017. A downloadable content pack, titled Carried Away: Winter Sports, was released on 9 February 2018, which features new modes and enables the player to compete in different sports. When Ski Lift Go Wrong was fully released on 23 January 2019 for Windows, macOS and Nintendo Switch.

Reception 
When Ski Lifts Go Wrong has been described as a game that is "easy to pick up, but hard to master." The game has been compared to Happy Wheels and Bridge Constructor.

References 

2019 video games
Early access video games
MacOS games
Nintendo Switch games
Puzzle video games
Construction and management simulation games
Skiing video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Curve Games games
M. A. Sargent Medal. The M. A. Sargent Medal is awarded by Engineers Australia for longstanding eminence in science or the practice of electrical engineering. It is named in honour of Michael Anthony (Mike) Sargent, an outstanding Australian electrical engineer. The medal is the highest award of the Electrical College board of Engineers Australia.

Recipients 
Source:  Engineers Australia

 1989 Stuart G. Lister, State Electricity Commission of Queensland
 1990 Graham Goodwin, University of Newcastle, Australia
 1991 John Ness, MITEC Ltd
 1992 W. Derek Humpage, University of Western Australia
 1993 W. John Edwards, Industrial Automation Services Pty Ltd 
 1994 Martin Green,  University of New South Wales
 1995 Rodney Tucker,  University of Melbourne
 1996 Else Shepherd, Powerlink Queensland
 1997 John Hullett, Curtin University
 1998 John Richard (Rick) Gumley, Erico Lightning Technologies 
 1999 Michael Miller, University of South Australia
 2000 Mark Sceats,  University of Sydney 
 2001 No award
 2002 Brian D. O. Anderson, Australian National University
 2003 Henry d'Assumpcao, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
 2004 Richard Middleton, University of Newcastle, Australia
 2005 Noel Godfrey, Hatch Associates
 2006 Barry Inglis, CSIRO
 2007 Vic Gosbell, University of Wollongong
 2008 Keith Hilless, Zerogen Pty Ltd
 2009 No award
 2010 David James Skellern, Macquarie University
 2011 Paul Wilson, Queensland University of Technology
 2012 Trevor S. Bird, CSIRO
 2013 John O'Sullivan,  CSIRO
 2014 Don Sinnott,  Defence Science and Technology Organisation
 2015 David Sweeting University of Wollongong and Alex Zelinsky, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
 2016 Alan Finkel, Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia)
 2017 Hugh Durrant-Whyte,  The University of Sydney
 2018 Xinghuo Yu, RMIT University
 2019 Derek Abbott, University of Adelaide
 2020 Ian Hiskens, University of Michigan
 2021 Ian Webster, Ampcontrol  P/L and Qing-Long Han, Swinburne University
 2022 Tapan Saha, University of Queensland and Peng Shi, University of Adelaide
 2023 Lachlan Blackhall  Australian National University
 2024 Mahdi Jalili,  RMIT University

See also
 List of engineering awards
 List of awards named after people

References

Australian science and technology awards
Engineering awards
Awards established in 1989