omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jurca Sirocco. The Jurca MJ-5 Sirocco (named for the Sirocco wind)  is a two-seat sport aircraft designed in France in the early 1960s and marketed for homebuilding. It is one of many wooden homebuilt designs from Romanian born designer Marcel Jurca. Jurca, a Henschel Hs 129 pilot in World War II marketed the plans in Canada and America through Falconar Aviation. It is a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration and wooden construction throughout. The tandem seats are enclosed by a bubble canopy, and the tailwheel undercarriage can be built as either fixed or with retractable main units. Marcel Jurca died on 19 October 2001, at which time plans were still available from the designer's website.

Plans are supplied by Avions Marcel Jurca and Manna Aviation of Australia.

Variants

MJ-5
Basic variant
The type of engine fitted, and the type of landing gear, are indicated by suffixes to the designation. For example MJ-5K2.
A -  Continental C90-8 or -14F
B -  Continental O-200-A
C -  Potez 4 E-20
D -  Lycoming O-235
E -  Lycoming O-290
EA -  Walter
F -  Continental
G -  Lycoming O-320
H -  Lycoming O-320
J -  Franklin
K -  Lycoming O-360
L -  Lycoming O-360
M -  Franklin:
1 - Fixed landing gear, 2 - retractable landing gear
MJ-50 Windy
All-metal version with retractable landing gear (never built)
MJ-51 Sperocco
("Special Sirocco") - performance version with wing taken from the Jurca Gnatsum
MJ-52 Zéphyr
() - utility version with converted Volkswagen automotive engine or Continental A65
MJ-53 Autan
() - version with side-by-side seating - two built
MJ-55 Biso
() - aerobatic version with the wings of the Jurca Gnatsum without flaps. It had a smaller tail and a fixed aluminium blade landing gear. Only one was built, with a  Lycoming engine. First flown in 1998, it crashed in 2000 due to gluing errors in construction.

Specifications (MJ-5D)

References

 
 
 
 Sirocco on designer's website
 pilotfriend.com

External links

Avions Marcel Jurca website
Manna Aviation website

1960s French sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Jurca aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1962
EN 71. European standard EN 71 specifies safety requirements for toys. Compliance with the standard is legally required for all toys sold in the European Union.

The standard has been published in 14 parts:
 EN 71-1: Mechanical and physical properties
 EN 71-2: Flammability
 EN 71-3: Specification for migration of certain elements
 EN 71-4: Experimental sets for chemistry and related activities
 EN 71-5: Chemical toys (sets) other than experimental sets
 EN 71-6: Graphical symbols for age warning labelling
 EN 71-7: Finger paints
 EN 71-8: Swings, slides and similar activity toys for indoor and outdoor family domestic use
 EN 71-9: Organic chemical compounds – Requirement
 EN 71-10: Organic chemical compounds – Sample preparation and extraction
 EN 71-11: Organic chemical compounds – Methods of analysis
 EN 71-12: N-Nitrosamines and N-Nitrosatable Substances
 EN 71-13: Olfactory board games, cosmetic kits and gustative games
 EN 71-14: Trampolines for domestic use

References

Safety
00071
Toy safety
Naval Dockyard (Mumbai). Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, abbreviated as ND (Mbi) and previously known as the Bombay Dockyard, is an Indian shipbuilding yard in Mumbai.

The superintendent of the dockyard is a naval officer of the rank Rear Admiral, known as the Admiral Superintendent.

Background

Shipbuilding was an established profession throughout the Indian coastline prior to the advent of the Europeans and it contributed significantly to maritime exploration throughout Indian maritime history. Indian rulers weakened with the advent of the European powers during the Middle Ages. Indian shipbuilders, however, continued to build ships capable of carrying 800 to 1000 tons. The shipbuilders built ships like HMS Hindostan and HMS Ceylon, inducted into the Royal Navy. Other historical ships made by the Indian shipbuilders included HMS Asia (commanded by Edward Codrington during the Battle of Navarino in 1827), HMS Cornwallis (on board which the Treaty of Nanking was signed in 1842), and HMS Minden (on which Francis Scott Key wrote the poem "The Defence of Fort McHenry", later to become the lyrics to "The Star-Spangled Banner").

History

The Yard was established in 1735 by the East India Company, which brought in shipwrights from their base at Surat in order to construct vessels using Malabar teak. One of their number, Lovji Nusserwanjee Wadia, was (along with several generations of his descendants) a key figure in the success of the Yard, as indicated in The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India:

Lowji Wadia oversaw the building of Bombay Dock, Asia's first dry dock, in 1750; it is still in use today. A contemporary British traveller, Abraham Parsons, described it as follows in 1775:

In 1811 the British Royal Navy took over the Yard, continuing to work with the Wadia family as Master Shipwrights. There was much construction on the site around this time. Duncan Dock, which was the largest dry dock outside Europe at the time, was constructed in 1807–1810, and remains in use today. The main Dockyard building, which fronts onto Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, dates from 1807, as does the administration block. The nearby Great Western Building (formerly Admiralty House) had housed the Port Admiral from around 1764–1792.

Today the Yard serves as the premier repair yard of the Indian Navy. It employs 10,000 workers (mostly civilians) overseen by an Admiral Superintendent.

References

Notes
 Arnold, David (2004), The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India, Cambridge University Press, .

External links

 Bombay Dockyard / Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, GlobalSecurity.org.

Maritime history of India
Indian Navy
Shipyards of India
Buildings and structures in Mumbai
Naval Dockyard
Naval units and formations of India
Alpha generation platform. An alpha generation platform is a technology used in algorithmic trading to develop quantitative financial models, or trading strategies, that generate consistent alpha, or absolute returns. The process of alpha generation refers to generating excess returns. Alpha generation platforms are tools used by hedge funds, banks, CTAs and other financial institutions to help develop and test quantitative trading strategies. Alpha generation platforms support quants in the creation of efficient and productive quantitative trading strategies.

Background
Traditionally, quants have used tools such as MATLAB, R, C++ and other computer programming languages to create complex trading strategies that help them perform high-frequency trading. However, as market data volumes increase and more traders create financial models that deal with multi-asset class data, news sentiment data and more, quants must spend a large amount of time programming models, debugging code, and integrating multiple market data sources. This is why some firms have begun adding alpha generation platforms to their quant infrastructures.

These platforms are often seen as a complement to traditional quantitative tools as they can help quantitative analysts process huge volumes of market data. With many of these platforms, users can write out models in English, program models using the platform's supported computer languages, or import strategies written in MATLAB, C++, R and other languages. Alpha generation platforms also often include data integration and storage capabilities through built-in database solutions that capture, standardize and store massive volumes of financial tick data.

Methodology
Alpha generation platforms are used to locate excess return in the capital market. They enable the development of mathematical and statistical models that help determine whether or not a specific investment may be profitable. In some quant-driven funds, these models make the final decision on whether to buy or sell an investment.

These systems cannot be fully trusted and require qualified quantitative analysts to try to prevent massive drawdowns. The dangers of relying upon a platform were illustrated in a 2007 paper by Andrew Lo.

The average quantitative strategy may take from 10 weeks to seven months to develop, code, test and launch. It is important to note that alpha generation platforms differ from low latency algorithmic trading systems. Alpha generation platforms focus solely on quantitative investment research rather than the rapid trading of investments.  While some of these platforms do allow analysts to take their strategies to market, others focus solely on the research and development of these highly complex mathematical and statistical models.

References

Stock market
Financial markets
Financial software
Management cybernetics
Ehrenfest model. The Ehrenfest model (or dog–flea model) of diffusion was proposed by Tatiana and Paul Ehrenfest to explain the second law of thermodynamics. The model considers N particles in two containers. Particles independently change container at a rate λ. If X(t) = i is defined to be the number of particles in one container at time t, then it is a birth–death process with transition rates

  for i = 1, 2, ..., N
  for i = 0, 1, ..., N – 1

and equilibrium distribution .

Mark Kac proved in 1947 that if the initial system state is not equilibrium, then the entropy, given by

is monotonically increasing (H-theorem). This is a consequence of the convergence to the equilibrium distribution.

Interpretation of results
Consider that at the beginning all the particles are in one of the containers. It is expected that over time the number of particles in this container will approach  and stabilize near that state (containers will have approximately the same number of particles). However from mathematical point of view, going back to the initial state is possible (even almost sure). From mean recurrence theorem follows that even the expected time to going back to the initial state is finite, and it is . Using Stirling's approximation one finds that if we start at equilibrium (equal number of particles in the containers), the expected time to return to equilibrium is asymptotically equal to . If we assume that particles change containers at rate one in a second, in the particular case of  particles, starting at equilibrium the return to equilibrium is expected to occur in  seconds, while starting at configuration  in one of the containers,  at the other, the return to that state is expected to take  years. This supposes that while theoretically sure, recurrence to the initial highly disproportionate state is unlikely to be observed.

Bibliography
 Paul and Tatjana Ehrenfest: Über zwei bekannte Einwände gegen das Boltzmannsche H-Theorem. Physikalische Zeitschrift, vol. 8 (1907), pp. 311–314.
 F.P. Kelly: The Ehrenfest model, in Reversibility and Stochastic Networks. Wiley, Chichester, 1979.  pp. 17–20.
 David O. Siegmund: Ehrenfest model of diffusion (mathematics). Encyclopædia Britannica.

See also

 Kac ring
 Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process

References

Queueing theory
Diffusion
Stochastic models
Deutsches Museum Bonn. The Deutsches Museum Bonn is a museum with exhibits and experiments of famous scientists, engineers and inventors. Its central themes are research and technology in Germany after 1945.

It is part of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. It was founded in 1995 at the instigation of the Association of Sponsors for the Promotion of German Science (Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft) in the Science Centre (Wissenschaftszentrum) in Bonn.

Museum director has been Andrea Niehaus since 2001.

References

External links 

  

Museums in Bonn
Technology museums in Germany
Science museums in Germany
Museums established in 1995
Berliner-Joyce OJ. The Berliner-Joyce OJ was an American biplane observation floatplane developed by the Berliner-Joyce Aircraft for the United States Navy during the early 1930s.

Design and development
The origins of the OJ stemmed from a 1929 Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) requirement calling for an observation seaplane intended for service aboard Omaha class light cruisers, readily convertible to wheels or floats and light enough to operate from the cruiser-type catapult. Prototypes were ordered from Keystone-Loening (then a subsidiary of Curtiss-Wright),  Berliner-Joyce and Vought, and designated as the XOK-1, XOJ-1 and XO4U-1 respectively.

The Berliner Joyce design, a conventional biplane of mixed metal and fabric construction with staggered wings and the pilot and observer seated in tandem in open cockpits, first flew in May 1931. By that time the rival XOK-1 was already destroyed in a crash. Following trials that lasted into 1932, BuAer awarded Berliner-Joyce a contract.

An order for 18 production aircraft designated OJ-2 was placed in March 1932, and two more orders followed, one in May 1933 for nine aircraft and a further 12 aircraft in December 1933 for use by reserve units.

One OJ-2 modified in early 1934 with an NACA-type cowling and enclosed cockpits was delivered for trials as the XOJ-3, but after a crash it was rebuilt and returned to service as an OJ-2.

Operational history
The OJ entered service with VS-5B and VS-6B in 1933 mainly for use on Omaha class light cruisers. Some OJs were used by reserve units with the first being VN-6R which were based near Washington to train reserve pilots and to enable staff officers to maintain their flying categories. By 1936 all the remaining aircraft were operated by reserve units and at the outbreak of the Second World War 29 aircraft were still in service. The Navy stopped the overhaul program for the aircraft and by the middle of 1941 all of them had been struck off charge.

Unusually for its generation, only four aircraft were lost in accidents without any loss of life.

Variants
XOJ-1
Prototype powered by a 400hp R-985-1 Wasp Junior radial engine, one built.
OJ-2
Production variant which had interchangeable floats or wheeled landing gear, 39 built.
XOJ-3
One production OJ-2 modified with NACA cowling and enclosed cockpit; later reverted to the standard OJ-2 configuration and returned to service.

Operators

United States Navy
VS-5B
VS-6B

Specifications (OJ-2)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

 
 
 

1930s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
OJ
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Open Message Queue. Open Message Queue (OpenMQ or Open MQ) is an open-source
message-oriented middleware project by Oracle (formerly Sun Microsystems) that implements the Java Message Service 2.0 API (JMS). It is the default JMS provider integrated into GlassFish.

In addition to support for the JMS API, OpenMQ provides additional enterprise features including clustering for scalability and high availability, a C API, and a full JMX administration API. It also includes an implementation of the Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) called the JMSRA, that allows OpenMQ to be used by a Java EE compliant application server.

See also
 Message-oriented middleware

References

Java enterprise platform
Message-oriented middleware
NEi Software. NEi Software, founded as Noran Engineering, Inc. in 1991, is an engineering software company that develops, publishes and promotes FEA (finite element analysis) software programs including its flagship product NEi Nastran. The FEA algorithms allow engineers to analyze how a structure will behave under a variety of conditions. The types of analysis include linear and nonlinear stress, dynamic, and heat transfer analysis. MCT, PPFA (progressive ply failure analysis), dynamic design analysis method, optimization, fatigue, CFD and event simulation are just some of the specialized types of analysis supported by the company.

NEi Software is used by engineers primarily in the aerospace, automobile, maritime, and offshore industries. The software is intended to save costs by reducing time to market; testing for function and safety; reducing the need for physical prototypes; and minimizing materials, weight and size of structures. After designers create an FEA model, analysts check for potential points of stress and buckling. Customers include racing yacht builder Farr Yacht Design, and SpaceShipTwo builder Scaled Composites.  Other projects using NEi Software include the Swift KillerBee unmanned air vehicle, Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR), James Webb Space Telescope, Red Bull Racing's Minardi Formula One car, and the NuLens Ltd. Accommodative Intraocular lens eye implant.

References

External links
 NEi Software
 Femap by Siemens.com
 NEi Nastran in Turkey

Computer-aided engineering software
Privately held companies based in California
Companies based in Westminster, California
Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award. The Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Award is an award given annually by the Applied Mechanics Division, of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), "in recognition of an individual who has made significant contributions to the field of nonlinear dynamics through practice, research, teaching, and/or outstanding leadership"  The Award is presented at the Applied Mechanics Annual Dinner at the ASME IMECE Congress. In 2020 the Award was elevated to the society level and renamed Thomas K. Caughey Dynamics Medal.

Nomination procedure
A letter of nomination, three letters of support, along with any other supporting materials, should be sent by email to the chair of the executive committee of the Applied Mechanics Division.  See the list of current members of the Committee

Recipients
2022 – Earl H. Dowell (Duke University)
2020 – Pol Spanos (Rice University)
2019 – Anil K. Bajaj (Purdue University) and Steven Shaw (Florida Institute of Technology)
2018 – Firdaus Udwadia (University of Southern California)
2017 – Richard Rand (Cornell University)
2015 – Gabor Stepan (Budapest University of Technology and Economics)
2014 – Alexander F. Vakakis (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
2013 – Lothar Gaul (University of Stuttgart)
2012 – Francis Charles Moon (Cornell University)
2011 – Philip Holmes (Princeton University)
2010 – Jerrold E. Marsden (California Institute of Technology)
2009 – Stephen H. Crandall (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
2008 – Ali H. Nayfeh (Virginia Tech)

See also

 List of mechanical engineering awards
 Applied mechanics
 Mechanician

References

External links
Homepage of the ASME International Applied Mechanics Division

Awards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Awards established in 2008
Zhu Zhaoxiang. Zhu Zhaoxiang (; 1921 – 28 November 2011), also known as Zhao-xiang Zhu, was a Chinese engineer, educator and a pioneer of explosive mechanics in China. He was the first President of Ningbo University.

Biography
On February 4, 1921, Zhu was born in Zhenhai County (current Zhenhai District), Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Both his father and grandfather were fishermen. In 1949, Zhu graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University. In the early 1940s, Zhu joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). From 1944 to 1949, Zhu was a lecturer and assistant in the Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University.

In 1957, because of his right-wing political views and statements, Zhu was expelled from the CCP. Zhu was reaccepted and rejoined the party in the Deng Xiaoping era. From 1959 to 1988, Zhu taught mechanics at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC); he was a lecturer, associate professor, professor, and the leader of explosive mechanics research at USTC, in chronological order. From 1985 to 1988, Zhu served as the first President of Ningbo University. Since 1989, Zhu continued his position at the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences as a senior researcher.

References

Engineers from Zhejiang
Zhejiang University alumni
1921 births
2011 deaths
Academic staff of Ningbo University
Presidents of Ningbo University
Educators from Ningbo
Academic staff of the University of Science and Technology of China
JULES. JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) is a land-surface parameterisation model scheme describing soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions. JULES is a community led project which evolved from MOSES, the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (Met Office) Surface Exchange Scheme. It can be used as a stand-alone model or as the land surface part of the Met Office Unified Model. JULES has been used to help decide what tactics would be effective to help meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. As well as use by the Met Office climate modelling group a number of studies have cited JULES and used it as a tool to assess the effects of climate change, and to simulate environmental factors from groundwater to carbon in the atmosphere.

JULES has been described as the most accurate global carbon budget model of net ecosystem productivity, because it has more years of data than other models.

References

External links
 
 Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) Documentation on Github
 The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations

Numerical climate and weather models
Met Office
Soil
Plants
E. G. van de Stadt. Ericus (Ricus) Gerhardus van de Stadt (4 February 1910 – 7 September 1999) was a Dutch yacht designer. He was the founder of industrial yacht building in the Netherlands.

Yacht designer
E.G. van de Stadt went through the HTS (technical college), completing his training as a naval architect in 1932. With the help of family and friends, he started a shipyard in Zaandam and a ships wharf and design company for small wooden boats. In 1936, he went to the Olympic Games as a reserve for the Netherlands Olympic sailing team.

In 1939, van de Stadt designed the Valk for the Bruynzeel company to demonstrate the possibilities of their new product "hechthout" (a type of plywood). The Valk has been a resounding success over many years. Adding the later polyester versions ("Polyvalk"), this boat is now probably the most popular open sailboat on the Dutch waters.

Ricus van de Stadt later designed a seaworthy race version of the Valk for Kees Bruynzeel, the Zeevalk. In 1952 this boat would come first in her class and second overall in the Fastnet race.

The Pioneer followed in 1958, a 9-metre-long sailboat with the then relative new material polyester. The design was a great success. The light boat won many international matches.

The hull lines for the first maxi yacht came from Ricus van de Stadt's drawing board. The 70-foot ocean racer Stormvogel emerged in 1960.

A few other boats that Ricus van de Stadt designed are the Voortrekker, Efsix, Stern (One Design dinghy class), Spanker (the name was used for both '19' and '42' -feet loa- designs), Randmeer and Wibo. From the open-decked Randmeer was to follow the Trotter the next year (in 1963; with a small cabin), and the Trotter-Pandora in 1967 (with more freeboard). In turn, this was to evolve to the Pandora (Mk1) in 1968, the Pandora International in 1973 and the Pandora 700 in 1976. The Prospect 900 was designed circa 1975, and many other yacht designs began on his drawing board. Key to the designs of Van de Stadt are their daring design, simplicity and good sailing.

From 1973, the Van de Stadt company fully concentrated on design after it sold the yard to Dehler. The name was changed to EG van de Stadt & Partners. Ricus continued working there until 1978. The design team now works using the name Van De Stadt Design, and is still led by Cees van Tongeren who started working for Ricus in the late 1960s.

Sailboatdata.com lists a total of 150 yachts designed by E.G. van de Stadt.

Designs
Alize 20
DB-1
DB-2
Dehler 22
Dehlya 22
Dehler 25
Dehlya 25
ETAP 20
ETAP 22
ETAP 28
Jeanneau Storm

References

1910 births
1999 deaths
Dutch yacht designers
Dutch shipbuilders
People from Zaanstad
20th-century Dutch architects