omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Novelty Iron Works. The Novelty Iron Works was an ironworking firm founded to make boilers in New York City, located on East 12th street in Manhattan. The founder was the Rev. Eliphalet Nott President of Union College of Schenectady, New York. Eliphalet Nott had invented a boiler and established the works to commercialize his invention. Among the first boilers was used to provide steam for his pleasure boat named the Novelty. This was used to demonstrate the boiler and so the community referred to it as the Novelty Iron Works. It was however registered as the firm of H. Knott & Company. The works was reorganized first as the firm of Ward Stillman & Co. then Stillman, Allen & Co. from 1842 until 1855 with the recruitment of Horatio Allen. In 1855 it was incorporated under its common name and continued operating until 1870. Although they were not the largest principals, the family of Eliphalet Nott long continued involvement in the ironworks as ownership changed through different firms.

As the only New York City firm capable of producing large scale bent iron plates in the 1860s, Novelty Iron Works was contracted to produce the turret for the ironclad U.S.S. Monitor, which was constructed and launched at nearby Continental Iron Works in Greenpoint, Brooklyn.

References

Boilermakers
Defunct marine engineering companies of New York City
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
Ironworks and steel mills in the United States
Talayotic settlement of Torrellisar. The settlement of Torrellisar (Alayor, Menorca) is highly altered due to the farming activities that have taken place in the area during the past few centuries since it was abandoned. Despite this, several remains can still be seen, such as its taula monument. The site is located near the road that connects Alayor and Cala en Porter. 

The taula enclosure is also quite altered, since it has a modern dry stone wall built with small-sized stones whose function is indeterminate. However, it is an interesting element on site as it is a good example of Minorcan ethnological architecture. This wall has six original pilasters embedded into it and an entrance followed by a corridor which is covered by stone slabs, measuring 3 x 1,20 meters. The precinct formed by this wall has a circular layout measuring 8,7 meters in diameter. The taula is in a good state of preservation and its visible part is 2,59 meters high.

Archaeological excavations have determined that taula enclosures were religious buildings where rituals including the consumption of meat and wine were carried out during the Late Talayotic period, roughly between 500 BC and Roman times. There is no information about this taula enclosure since it has never been excavated. 

The settlement also has the remains of two talayots, one of them with a possible inner chamber, which are hidden behind modern constructions. The function of talayos, which are the large truncate cone-shaped constructions that give the name to the Talayotic culture, is still unclear. The site also has other structures scattered throughout the archaeological area.

Chronology: from the Early Talayotic period (Late Bronze  Age) to the Late Talayotic Period (Iron Age). Reused in contemporary times.

References

Bibliography 
 García Argüelles, A.; López, A.; Vado, J. M. (1994) Aproximación a la ocupación del territorio a la Antigüedad. El término municipal de Alaior. Instituto Menorquín de Estudios.
 Hochsieder, P. and Knösel, D. (1995) Las tablas de Menorca. Un estudio arqueoastronòmic. Trabajos del Museo de Menorca, 14. Ladrillo.
 Mascaró Pasarius, J. (1968) Las taulas. Testimonio de la fe religiosa y de la capacidad creadora de los paleomenorquines. Atendéis de Mahón.
 Plantalamor, Ll. (1991) La arquitectura prehistórica y protohistórica de Menorca y su marco cultural. Cultura del Gobierno Balear.

Buildings and structures in Menorca
Archaeological sites in the Balearic Islands
José Babini. José Babini  (10 May 1897,  Buenos Aires – 18 May 1984, Buenos Aires) was an Argentine mathematician, engineer, and historian of mathematics and mathematical sciences.

Babini worked for a construction company, where the owners recognized his mathematical talent and made it possible for him to pursue academic study. From 1918 he studied in Buenos Aires. In 1921 he graduated with a qualification to teach natural science and mathematics. In 1922 he received his degree as a civil engineer. Already in 1917 he contacted the well-known Spanish mathematician Julio Rey Pastor. Instead of working as a civil engineer, Babini taught mathematics at the Faculty for Industrial Chemistry of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral in Rosario. There he introduced new methods of numerical analysis and was considered a leading Argentine expert in this field. He then taught at the Faculty of Sciences of Education (Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación) in Paraná, Entre Ríos and at the Colegio Nacional y la Escuela Industrial. When Aldo Mieli came from Paris to Argentina in 1938, he and Babini founded at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral in Rosario the Instituto de Historia y Filosofía de la Ciencia (with the support of Rey Pastor). The Instituto existed until 1943. Babini was an editor for the journal Archeion (founded by Mieli in 1919 with the name Archivio di Storia della Scienza) and with Mieli edited the series Panorama general de historia del ciencia in 12 volumes. In this series, Babini wrote, with Desiderio Papp, El siglo de iluminismo on the exact sciences in the 19th century (volume number 8 of the series).

He was a major organizer of science in Argentina and a member of the national research council CONICET. From 1955 to 1966 he was the dean of the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales of the National University in Buenos Aires. In 1957 he was the rector and interim director of the newly founded Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. He also presided over Argentina's newly founded university publishing house EUDEBA (Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires).

Babini was a member of the editorial board of Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences and was a co-founder of the journal Quipu: Revista Latinoamericana de Historia de las Ciencias y la Tecnología (based in Mexico City).

He was Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 in Bologna. He was the author, co-author, or editor of numerous books (at least 70) and essays as well as translations. In particular, he also published the first books on the history of science as it developed in Argentina.

Selected publications
with J. Rey Pastor: Historia de la matemática, 1953
Biografía de los infinitamente pequeños, 1957
Historia sucinta de la matemática, 1953
Origen y naturaleza de la ciencia, 1947
Arquímedes, 1948
Historia de la ciencia argentina, 1951
La evolución del pensamiento cientifico en la Argentina, 1953
El saber en la historia, 1971
El siglo de las luces: ciencia y tecnología, 1971
Historia de la medicina, 1980

References

Historians of mathematics
1897 births
1984 deaths
People from Buenos Aires
20th-century Argentine mathematicians
Audeen W. Fentiman. Audeen W. Fentiman is an American engineer, and Crowley Family Professor in Engineering Education, at Purdue University. She is Associate Dean of Graduate Education and Interdisciplinary Programs. She is a fellow of the American Nuclear Society. She won a Sharon Keillor Award for Women in Engineering Education.

Life
She graduated from Glenville State College (Mathematics, minor, physics), West Virginia University (Mathematics), and Ohio State University (Nuclear Engineering).

Works

References

External links
http://www2.ans.org/about/election/statements/fentiman.html
http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2010/11/16/audeen-fentiman-testifies-before-the-blue-ribbon-commission/

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American writers
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Purdue University faculty
West Virginia University alumni
Glenville State University alumni
American women engineers
Malgorzata S. Zywno. Malgorzata  (Gosha) S. Zywno Ph.D P.Eng is a Canadian engineer, and professor of engineering at Toronto Metropolitan University. She is a 3M Teaching Fellow.

Life and work 
Zywno was born in Poland and arrived in Canada as a government-sponsored refugee, after she refused to join the Polish Communist Party or work for the secret police.

She graduated from the Technical University of Lodz, the University of Toronto, and from Glasgow Caledonian University. She received her P.Eng licence in 1984.

In her role at Toronto Metropolitan University she is a member of the Ryerson Women in Engineering Committee which encourages young women to consider engineering as a field of study.

Awards and honours 
She has received several awards for her teaching work, and promotion of engineering to women:
 Sharon Keillor Award for Women in Engineering Education from the American Society for Engineering Education (2005)
 Medal for Distinction in Engineering Education from the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers
 Member of the Professional Engineers Ontario Order of Honour

Works

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
20th-century Canadian women educators
20th-century Canadian educators
20th-century Canadian women engineers
20th-century scholars
21st-century Canadian women educators
21st-century Canadian educators
21st-century Canadian women engineers
21st-century scholars
Academic staff of Toronto Metropolitan University
Alumni of Glasgow Caledonian University
Canadian academics in engineering
Expatriate academics
Living people
Łódź University of Technology alumni
Polish expatriates in Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff. Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff (17 June 1877 Potsdam – 20 April 1959 Bassum) was a German engineer, and architect.

Early life 
Her parents were the Major General Heinrich Wilhelm Kurt von Knobelsdorff (born 13 April 1850) and Marie Elizabeth Fancis Gertrud Dyhrenfurth (born 17 September 1856).

Education 
In 1906, Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff graduated from the Munich Realgymnasium. In 1907, she began studying architecture at the TH Charlottenburg, first as a guest student, after the admission of women at the universities in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1909. She finished her studies in 1911, as the first woman in Germany with the diploma in engineering.

Career 
In 1912, she became the first female member of the Association of Architects and Engineers in Berlin (AIV) and took part in the exhibition "The Woman in Home and Work", a showcase of the women's movement. The organisers of this exhibition included her aunt Gertrud Dyrenfurth (1862-1946), who lived on the estate of the family in Jakobsdorf near Wroclaw. Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff designed a community center for the Silesian village, which was built in 1915. It remained until 1946, the social center of Jakobsdorf.

In World War I, she worked as a "field architect in the rank of lieutenant" in the military building administration in Doberitz near Potsdam, and at the German Army High Command in occupied Belgium. After World War I, she worked as an architect at the provincial government in Potsdam. In 1921, she passed the state examination for the building authority, and was again appointed as the first woman in Germany, master builder for the government.

In 1922, she married Kurt Wilhelm Viktor von Tippelskirch, Legation manager in the Foreign Office, and was then released in 1923 (as married) from the civil service. She then worked freelance as an architect in Berlin-Charlottenburg, until she accompanied her husband to the United States in 1927.

After returning in 1938, the couple lived in Jakobsdorf, from where she was expelled at the end of World War II. 
Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff lived in Bassum near Bremen from 1946 until her death in 1959.

Commemoration 
Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) named a room for Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff in 2022, alongside ones for Elsbeth Steinheil the first woman mechanical engineering graduate in Germany, and Verena Wein-Wilke, who was the first woman to graduate from the TUHH, in architecture.

References

External links 

1877 births
1959 deaths
Engineers from Brandenburg
20th-century German architects
20th-century German engineers
20th-century German women artists
German expatriates in the United States
German military engineers
German military personnel of World War I
German women in World War I
German women architects
German women engineers
People from Potsdam
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
20th-century German women engineers
Engineers from the German Empire
AUM-N-6 Puffin. The AUM-N-6 Puffin, also known as Kingfisher F and AUM-6, was an anti-ship and anti-submarine missile developed for use by the United States Navy in the late 1940s. Pulsejet-powered and intended to allow an aircraft to launch a torpedo or bomb from stand-off range, it was flight-tested but failed to enter operational service.

Design and development
In 1944 the U.S. Navy and the National Bureau of Standards initiated Project Kingfisher, intended to develop a family of missiles for attacking enemy ships and surfaced submarines with torpedoes or other weapons intended to strike below the waterline, while allowing the launching aircraft or ship to avoid exposing themselves to enemy defensive fire. Four missiles reached the development stage as a result of the program: the surface-launched Kingfisher E, and the air-launched Kingfisher C, D, and F.

Work on Kingfisher F began on 5 February 1947. Weighing , the missile was of conventional small-aircraft design with a high-mounted wing and V-tail, a pulsejet engine being mounted in the rear of a streamlined fuselage. Guidance was by active radar homing; after release from the launching aircraft, the missile – redesignated AUM-6 in September 1947, and AUM-N-6 Puffin in 1948 – would cruise at an altitude of , traveling up to  at Mach 0.7. The onboard radar in the missile's nose selecting a target and steering the missile into position to release its payload, carried in the mid-fuselage; while some sources state that a torpedo was intended to be carried, the specification for Kingfisher F called for the missile to carry a  plunge bomb, intended to be dropped alongside the target ship and detonate underwater, holing the target vessel below the waterline and causing flooding.

The AD Skyraider, PB4Y Privateer, and P5M Marlin were among the aircraft intended to carry Puffin; the missile's constructor, McDonnell Aircraft, proposed that Puffin be qualified for carriage by B-47 Stratojet and B-50 Superfortress bombers of the United States Air Force as well.

Operational history
Construction of Puffin was contracted to McDonnell Aircraft; flight tests of XAUM-N-6 missiles began in 1948. Tests did not demonstrate that the weapon was suitable for service, and on 1 October 1949 the AUM-N-6 program was cancelled.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Anti-ship missiles of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Aerial torpedoes
McDonnell Aircraft Corporation
Cuco (construction). The  cuco is a type of construction made with the dry stone technique, in Valencia.

Within the Valencian autonomous community (Comunidad Valenciana) they are located geographically in the regions of the valley of Ayora–Cofrentes, La Costera and La Canal de Navarrés. The latter concentrates the greatest number of these constructions, highlighting quantitatively the entire municipality of Enguera.

They use the raw materials found in their environment, rarely used manufactured materials. Two types of stone are used, the limestone that is used in the body of the construction, the one that holds the cover and the cover stone (tap: white marls), lighter, on the deck.

Typology 
The typology of the constructions is very varied. Round-plan constructions predominate, although those of quadrangular plan are frequent. In occasion the cuco adapts to the relief of the land and adopts an irregular plan.

The covering systems are all the same. A false dome is built by approaching courses.

The covering of the access spans is made with large slabs as a lintel. Other typologies are documented as two slabs supported on both sides of the span, the approach of courses or the adovelado (with dovelas) arch (built with irregular slabs arranged radially).

Inside the cucos complementary structures are found: fireplace, cupboard, manger, etc.

They are usually free buildings, although sometimes they are attached to the roadways (terraces); or they can have a quadrangular annex space.

Functionality 
They are constructions destined to the refuge and temporary stays of the agriculturists. Its occupation used to be seasonal, coinciding with the moments of greater work in the agricultural parcels. Its use is different from that in other areas of the Valencian Community where it is linked to livestock.

See also 
 cucos (es:), Mancha albaceteña construction (Mancha Alta Albaceteña), Castilla-La Mancha (España)
 Types of buildings

References

Bibliography 
 Darder Pericas, B. (1929): La estructura geológica de los Valles de Montesa y Enguera (Prov. de Valencia). En : Memorias de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, T. XV (2); p. 603 - 610.
 García Aparicio, M y Castellano Castillo, J. J. (1993): Plan de recuperación de las construcciones rurales en la sierra de Enguera. Un modelo de actuación. Zahora Nº 38, pp. 223-254.
 Castellano Castillo, J. J. (2001): Los Cucos de la Sierra de Enguera. Ayuntamiento de Enguera; 130 págs. 

Vernacular architecture
Architecture in Spain
Buildings and structures in the Valencian Community
SUM-N-2 Grebe. The SUM-N-2 Grebe, also known as Kingfisher E and SUM-2, was a rocket- and pulsejet-powered anti-ship and anti-submarine missile developed by the United States Navy in the late 1940s. Intended to allow a ship to deliver a torpedo at a significant distance from the launch location, it proved impractical in trials, and did not enter operational service.

Design and development
Grebe was developed as part of Project Kingfisher, a program administered by the National Bureau of Standards for the development of a family of torpedo-carrying missiles, allowing underwater-striking weapons to be delivered at stand-off distance from their launching platform. The program developed three air-launched weapons, initially designated Kingfisher C, D, and F; the sole surface-launched member of the family to reach the development stage was Kingfisher E, with development work beginning in 1946.

Kingfisher E, redesignated SUM-2 in September 1947 and SUM-N-2 Grebe in 1948, was a bulky yet conventionally-configured missile resembling a small unmanned aircraft, with a high-mounted, straight wing of  span and a twin tail empennage configuration. Constructed by the Goodyear Aircraft Company under subcontract to the Bureau of Standards, the missile was  in length,  in diameter and weighed  at launch. Power was provided initially by a solid-propellant rocket, giving a range of  at Mach 0.5; later in the design process a variant with a pulsejet sustainer engine was designed, weighing  and boosting the missile's range to  at a cruising speed of Mach 0.26.

The original specification for the missile called for the Mark 35 torpedo to serve as the SUM-N-2's payload; later, to reduce weight, the design was changed to use the Mark 41 torpedo. Several forms of guidance were evaluated, although none had been definitively selected by the end of the program; the torpedo utilized acoustic homing for terminal guidance.

Operational history
Given the cover designation of "AA Target Mk 52 Mod 2", testing of the XSUM-N-2 prototype missiles began in early 1950. Twenty airframes were constructed for use in the testing program; by 1953, however, the program had been cancelled; the stated reason for the cancellation was that the missile outranged the sonar equipment that was required to find targets for it, thus making it infeasible to use at its maximum range. Although the concept of a torpedo-carrying pilotless aircraft failed to find favor with the U.S. Navy, the later French Malafon and Australian Ikara missiles are remarkably similar in concept and configuration; the U.S. Navy would later develop the RUR-5 ASROC, a rocket-delivered torpedo (or a pure missile in the nuclear version), for attacking submarines at range.

In 1972, one Grebe was refurbished for evaluation as part of studies into cruise missile development.

Surviving examples
A Grebe, in "Type IV" configuration, is on display at the United States Naval Undersea Museum in Keyport, Washington.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Anti-submarine missiles of the United States
Aerial torpedoes
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
Isaac Heller. Isaac "Ike" Heller (July 23, 1926 – March 7, 2015) was an American toy manufacturer and engineer, the co-founder of Remco with his cousin Saul Robbins.

Early life and education
Isaac Heller was born on July 23, 1926, in Ellenville, New York, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Morris Heller and Yetta Shapiro. Heller moved with his family to Brooklyn, where he attended Brooklyn Technical High School as part of the class of 1943. After attending engineering classes at Cooper Union, he served in the United States Navy at the end of World War II, where he worked on the repair of electronic equipment and built toys using excess work materials. Following the war, he returned to Cooper Union in 1946 to finish his engineering degree, which he completed in 1952.

Career
In 1949, while he was still a student at Cooper Union, Heller co-founded the toy company Remco in Newark, New Jersey, with his cousin Saul Robbins. The name was a contraction of "REMote COntrol", and its first products were children's walkie-talkies. Building on his experience as a U.S. Navy electronics technician, they started by buying large amounts of military surplus and "transforming it into toys that could zoom, soar or otherwise move."

Until the 1960s, they only made toys for boys, and they were the first toy company to use television advertising. Their toys included the Whirlybird helicopter, the Barracuda atomic submarine, the Johnny Reb cannon, the Dick Tracy wrist radio, the Screaming Mee Mee-e rifle and Mr. Kelly's Automatic Car Wash.

After selling the company in 1966, Heller turned his experiences to industrial park development. He founded Heller Industrial Parks, Inc., which he developed into one of the largest industrial park owner / developers in the United States.

Personal life
In 1953, Heller married Helaine Hirsh, and they had four daughters.

Ike and Helaine were generous philanthropists. He donated $1 million to Brooklyn Tech, and was inducted into the school's hall of fame, in 2013. That same year, he donated $1 million to Cooper Union in response to their financial crisis. He used his resources to build the John Kenney Childcare Center in Edison, NJ. Other causes he supported included hospitals, community foundations, libraries, senior centers, and schools.  

Heller died at his home in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, on March 7, 2015, and was survived by his wife and four daughters, Audrey Romberg, Laurie Kaufman, Hollie Heller, and Hillary Granfield.

Honors
In 1999, Heller received the President's Citation Award from Cooper Union, and was inducted into the Cooper Union Alumni Hall of Fame. He received a Humanitarian Award from the National Conference of the State of New Jersey, and was frequently recognized by the many charitable causes that he supported.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
American company founders
20th-century American Jews
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Brooklyn Technical High School alumni
Cooper Union alumni
People from Ellenville, New York
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey
United States Navy sailors
21st-century American Jews