omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Preceramic polymer. The term preceramic polymer refers to one of various  polymeric compounds, which through pyrolysis under appropriate conditions (generally in the absence of oxygen) are converted to ceramic compounds, having high thermal and chemical stability. Ceramics resulting from the pyrolysis of preceramic polymers are known as polymer derived ceramics, or PDCs. Polymer derived ceramics are most often silicon based and include silicon carbide, silicon oxycarbide, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride. Such PDCs are most commonly amorphous, lacking long-range crystalline order. 

The field of preceramic polymers and polymer derived ceramics in general emerged from the requirements in aerospace industries for heat shield materials such as fiber reinforced ceramic / ceramic composite materials. The use of preceramic polymers allows for diverse processing techniques relative to conventional ceramic processing. For example, the spinning of fibres, casting of thin films and the molding of complex shapes. Commonly used preceramic polymers include polycarbosilanes and polysiloxanes, which transform through pyrolysis to  SiC and SiOC type ceramics respectively. 

A low-cost method of creating complex 3D shapes of ceramics components is to use additive manufacturing (AM) in a use a two-step process of first printing the artifact in polymer and then converting it to ceramic using pyrolysis to form polymer derived ceramics (PDCs). This process works with fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3-D printing to make fully dense cellular structures, which can be used for scaffolds for bone regeneration that need to be mechanically stable and have a 3D architecture with interconnected pores. Various other 3D printing techniques (e.g., stereolithography, digital light processing, and two-photon polymerization) that are compatible with this strategy have so far been widely investigated. For example, through photopolymerization methods, preceramic polymers can be used in stereolithography approaches, enabling the additive manufacturing of complex shaped ceramic objects. In such methods, by means of irradiation-driven cross-linking, liquid preceramic polymers transform into rigid thermoset polymers that preserve their shape through the following polymer-to-ceramic transformation that takes place in pyrolysis. In this transformation, polymers transform into glassy ceramic products.

References

Polymers
Ceramics
State Railway of Thailand ASR class. The State Railway of Thailand ASR class is a diesel multiple unit operated by the State Railway of Thailand. Built by British Rail Engineering Limited at Derby Litchurch Lane Works in England, it is based on the British Rail Class 158. Twenty carriages were built in 1990/91. All were painted in the same Regional Railways livery as the Class 158s.

References

External links

BREL products
Rolling stock of Thailand
Train-related introductions in 1991
Cordell Green. Cordell Green (born 1941) is an American computer scientist who is the director and chief scientist of the Kestrel Institute.

Green received a B.A. and B.S. from Rice University. At Stanford University, he earned an M.S. and then a PhD in 1969.

Green worked at the DARPA Information Processing Techniques Office, where he helped to plan the Speech Understanding Research Project and also served as an assistant to Lawrence Roberts, who was then creating ARPANET. At Stanford, Green was a lecturer and assistant professor of computer science and was part of the Artificial Intelligence Group at the Stanford Research Institute (now known as SRI International). Later, he worked at Systems Control, Inc., a research firm in California, as their chief scientist for computer systems.

In 1985, Green was awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award for establishing the theoretical basis of the field of logic programming. In 2002, he was awarded the Stevens Award for "contributions to methods for software and systems development". He is a fellow of the ACM, AAAI, and ASE.

References

Living people
1941 births
American computer scientists
Rice University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Louis D.. The Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Louis D. (Scientific Grand Prize of the Louis D. Foundation) is an award conferred annually by the Louis D. Foundation of the Institut de France. It is awarded for fundamental or applied research in the areas of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each year the prize has a different theme. The award has a €450,000 prize.

Laureates 
Winners of the prize are:

References

External links 
 http://www.grands-prix-institut-de-france.fr/fondation-louis-d

French science and technology awards
Institut de France
Amit Goffer. Amit Goffer is an inventor and serial entrepreneur and is regarded as one of the pioneers of the exoskeleton industry.

He is the chief technology officer and president of UPnRIDE Robotics Ltd. He received his B.Sc. from Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, his M.Sc. from Tel-Aviv University and his Ph.D. from Drexel University in electrical and computer engineering where his advisor was Moshe Kam.  He was the founder of Odin Medical which provides MRIs in real time. From 2001 to 2012 he was CEO, and then from 2012 to 2015 the President and CTO of the company he founded, ReWalk. Confined to a wheelchair after an accident, he created the ReWalk system which is the first commercially available exoskeleton in the US. There are approximately 400 users as of 2019 including US military veterans. Goffer was awarded an honorary doctorate from Drexel University in 2004.

References 

Living people
Israeli businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)
Drexel University alumni
GJB 5860-2006. GJB 5860-2006 () is a Chinese military technical standard describing a vertical launching system (VLS) for all types of missiles aboard surface combatants.

Cells have a square crossection with  sides, and may be , , or  deep. Each cell carries one missile; the shortest cell may carry four missiles. Hot and cold launches are supported; hot launching uses the concentric canister launch (CCL) approach with exhaust vents within each launch cell.

The first operational implementation is believed to be the VLS aboard the People's Liberation Army Navy's Type 052D destroyer.

Armament compatible with GJB 5860 VLS:

YJ-18 anti-ship cruise missile
YJ-21 anti-ship ballistic missile
HHQ-9 surface-to-air missile
CJ-10 land-attack cruise missile
CY-5 and Yu-8 anti-submarine rockets

Ships classes with GJB 5860 VLS:
 Type 052D destroyer
 Type 055 destroyer

See also
 K-VLS - A vertical launching system of Republic of Korea Navy.
 Mark 41 Vertical Launching System - A vertical launching system of United States Navy.
 Poliment-Redut - A vertical launching system of Russian Navy, navalized version of S-350.
 3S-14 - A vertical launching system of Russian Navy for cruise, anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles.
 Sylver - A vertical launching system designed by DCNS.

References

Further reading
 GJB 5860-2006 '水面舰艇导弹通用化垂直发射装置通用要求' General requirements for generalized vertical launcher of shipborne missile.
 Preview (cover page and forewords) from "antpedia", 3 pages

Ship-based missile launchers
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Naval weaponry of the People's Republic of China
OctaDist. OctaDist is computer software for crystallography and inorganic chemistry program. It is mainly used for computing distortion parameters of coordination complex such as spin crossover complex (SCO), magnetic metal complex and metal–organic framework (MOF).

The program is developed and maintained in an international collaboration between the members of the Computational Chemistry Research Unit at Thammasat University, the Functional Materials & Nanotechnology CoE at Walailak University and the Switchable Molecules and Materials group at University of Bordeaux.

OctaDist is written entirely in Python binding to Tkinter graphical user interface toolkit. It is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It is free and open-source software distributed under a GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0.

Standard abilities
The following are the main features of the latest version of OctaDist:
 Structural distortion analysis
 Determination of regular and irregular distorted octahedral molecular geometry
 Octahedral distortion parameters
 Volume of the octahedron
 Tilting distortion parameter for perovskite complex
 Molecular graphics
 3D modelling of complex
 Display of the eight faces of octahedron
 Atomic orthogonal projection and projection plane
 Twisting triangular faces
 Molecular superposition (Overlay)
 Other utilities
 Scripting language
 Surface area of the faces of octahedron
 Jahn–Teller distortion parameters
 Root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions

Capabilities
 Simple and flexible processes of use
 Cross-platform for both 32-bit and 64-bit systems
 Graphical user interface (GUI)
 Command-line interface (CLI)
 User-friendly interactive scripting code
 User-adjustable program setting
 On top of huge and complicated complexes
 Support for several outputs of computational chemistry software, including Gaussian, Q-Chem, ORCA, and NWChem

See also
 List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software

References

External links
 OctaDist official website
 OctaDist at Github repository
 OctaDist PyPI package
 OctaDist at IUCr software archive

Computational chemistry software
Crystallography software
Free science software
2019 software
Nancy (locomotive). Nancy is a narrow gauge steam locomotive. It was built by Avonside Engine Company in 1908 for industrial service. It was in use until 1961, when it was acquired for preservation. After many years of effort and long storage, it was returned to working order in April 2019, and was then moved to its current owners, the Cavan and Leitrim Railway in Ireland.

Industrial history 
Nancy was bought in 1908 by the Stanton Ironworks Company's for use on their Brewer's Grave Tramway connecting to the Woolsthorpe ironstone quarries in Leicestershire.

In 1950, the locomotive was sold to the Eastwell Iron Ore Company for use on their tramway at Eastwell, Leicestershire. She ran there until 21 October 1959, when the tramway shut down, though the line was kept intact as a standby to the replacement road system. On 28 August 1960, the Birmingham Locomotive Club ran a farewell train, hauled by Nancy. The final steaming of Nancy took place on 31 August which was also the final use of the tramway.

Preservation 

Nancy was acquired in 1961 by a group in Watnall, Nottinghamshire with a view to preservation. In 1972, the loco was sold to Lord O'Neill for his Shane's Castle Railway in County Antrim.

Nancy was bought by the Cavan & Leitrim Railway in 1997, still in unrestored condition. In 1999, the locomotive was moved to Alan Keef in England for restoration to working order. Although work began there, it came to a halt owing to a downturn in the Irish economy and the loco was then stored for a number of years. The work took twenty years to complete, and Nancy steamed for the first time on 23 March 2019. The chance of Brexit gave increased impetus to this work, as shipping the locomotive back to Ireland from an England which had by-then left the EU gave a risk of attracting import duties or VAT. The locomotive was shipped back to Ireland, and was run on the restored Cavan and Leitrim Railway in April 2019.

References 

Individual locomotives of Great Britain
Preserved narrow gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
0-6-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1908
Avonside locomotives
3 ft gauge locomotives
Industrial locomotives of Great Britain
Gustav Wilhelm Richard Sorge. Gustav Wilhelm Richard Sorge (6 April 1852 – 1 December 1907) was a German mining engineer.

Life

Sorge was the son of a surgeon who practiced in Schilda. His uncle was Friedrich Adolf Sorge. He specialized in the field of coal mining in Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. He studied mining conditions and material handling technology.

Convinced that coal mining prospects at the Wettin Coal Mine were poor, he changed his emphasis to oil exploration, studying for several years in the United States.

From there he traveled to the oilfields near Baku in 1877 to set up a drilling technology workshop for the Otto Lenz machine factory in Sabunçu, Baku, concentrating on the field of deep drilling technology and the industrial equipment required for this purpose.  In 1881 he founded his own company in his name.

He worked for Deutsche Petroleum-Aktiengesellschaft (DPAG) and the Caucasian oil company Branobel (of Robert, Ludvig and Alfred Nobel and others).
 
He married Nina Semyonovna Kobeleva, born in Baku on April 20, 1867, into a working-class family and became the father of the famous spy, Richard Sorge (1895–1944) along with eight other children.

After his health deteriorated and he lost his lucrative contract, the family moved to Berlin-Lankwitz in 1898. There he worked as a director for the Disconto-Gesellschaft which had founded the German-Russian Naphta Society. In 1900 he prepared a report on the Romanian oil industry.

Works
 Tiefbohrtechnische Studien über Ölgruben-Betrieb und Spülbohrung. Berlin, 1908.     
 The Theory of the Movement of the Flushing Streams in Bore Holes (Die Theorie der Bewegung des Spülstroms in Bohrlöchern). In: The Engineering Index Annual of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1969.

See also
 Anton Raky (1868–1943), a pioneer in deep drilling and global oil exploration.

References

Bibliography
 . An early account by two leading British historians of the time. It is informed by their differing perspectives, Deakin being an authority on 20th century European history and Storry an authority on 20th century Japan.
 Julius Mader: Dr.-Sorge-Report. Ein Dokumentarbericht über Kundschafter des Friedens mit ausgewählten Artikeln von Richard Sorge. Militärverlag der DDR, Berlin 1986. 
 Joachim Mai: Das deutsche Kapital in Russland, 1850-1894. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaft, Berlin 1970 (teilweise Habilitation, Universität Greifswald 1969). 
 Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
 
 

1852 births
1907 deaths
Engineers from Baku
People from Baku Governorate
People from the Province of Saxony
19th-century Prussian people
Mining engineers
Hot potassium carbonate. Hot potassium carbonate, HPC, is a method used to remove carbon dioxide from gas mixtures, in some contexts referred to as carbon scrubbing. The inorganic, basic compound potassium carbonate is mixed with a gas mixture and the liquid absorbs carbon dioxide through chemical processes. The technology is a form of chemical absorption, and was developed for natural gas sweetening (i.e., removal of acidic from raw natural gas). Currently it is also considered, among others, as a post-combustion capture process, in the contexts of carbon capture and storage and carbon capture and utilization. As a post-combustion CO2 capture process, the technology is planned to be used on full scale on a heat plant in Stockholm from 2025.

References 

Carbon capture and storage
Climate engineering
Scrubbers
Gas technologies
Shmuel Sagiv. Mooly (Shmuel) Sagiv (Hebrew: שמואל שגיב; born 11 April 1959, Israel) is an Israeli computer scientist known for his work on static program analysis. He is currently Chair of Software Systems in the School of Computer Science at Tel Aviv University, and CEO of Certora, a startup company providing formal verification of smart contracts.

Sagiv's research spans areas including static program analysis, shape analysis, abstract interpretation, logic, theorem proving, programming languages, formal methods, data-flow analysis, program slicing, network verification, and smart contracts. His most cited work is on shape analysis via three-valued logic, implemented in the TVLA system.

For his work, Sagiv was awarded the Wolf Foundation Fellowship (1989), IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award (1993), Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award (2002), IBM Faculty Awards (2000-2005), Chair of Software Systems in the School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University (2008), ACM SIGSOFT Retrospective Impact Paper Award (with Thomas Reps, Susan Horowitz, and Genevieve Rosay, 2011), Microsoft Outstanding Collaborator Award (2016), and ACM Fellow (2016).

An analysis of authorship and collaborations in the Programming Languages research community has called Sagiv "the Kevin Bacon of the PLDI community".

Sagiv is married to Dr. Tamar Sagiv, and together they have three daughters. Aya Sagiv, Naama Sagiv, and Hagar Sagiv.

References

External links 
TVLA website
IVy project
Certora website

Israeli computer scientists
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
1959 births
Living people
Albert Nasibulin. Albert Galiyevich Nasibulin (, born 23 March 1972 in Novokuznetsk city, Kemerovo Region, USSR) is a Russian material scientist recognized for the contributions to synthesis of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. He is a professor at Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Moscow, Russia).

Career 
Nasibulin graduated from the Chemical Department of Kemerovo State University (KemSU, Russia) in 1994. He earned the degrees of Candidate of chemical sciences (1996, KemSU) and Doktor nauk in technical sciences (2011, St.-Petersburg State Technical University, Russia).

From 1999 to 2014, he worked in Finland: until 2002 he was a senior researcher at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (), and since 2003 a senior scientist, docent and adjunct professor at the Department of Applied Physics of Helsinki University of Technology (current name: Aalto University, ). In 2006-2011, he received an Academy Fellow position from the Academy of Finland.

In 2014, Nasibulin returned to Russia and joined the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech). Now he is a professor at the Center for Photonic Science and Engineering of the Skoltech and a head of the Laboratory of Nanomaterials. Until 2022, he held an adjunct professorship at Aalto University.

Research activities 
Nasibulin specialises on synthesis of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles and nanowires), investigation of their growth mechanisms and applications. He is known for the original aerosol CVD methods of the synthesis of multi-walled and single-walled CNTs. Nasibulin developed a dry transfer technique to prepare conductive, flexible and transparent coating for ITO replacement and freestanding single-walled CNT films to fabricate the state-of-the-art key components for several high-impact application areas. He proposed a method for rapid and controlled synthesis of metal oxide nanowires.

Nasibulin is a co-founder of three companies: Canatu Ltd. (spin-off from Helsinki University of Technology) and CryptoChemistry and Novaprint (spin-offs from Skoltech). He chaired several conferences  and served as expert or reviewer for various journals and national/international scientific programs.

Awards 
 2010:  FAAR (Finnish Association for Aerosol Research) award for Excellent work in Aerosol Science at International Aerosol Conference in Helsinki, Finland.
 2011: Smoluchowski award for the contribution to field of "Aerosol synthesis and mechanistic investigations of carbon nanotubes" at European Aerosol Conference in Manchester, UK.
 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022: The Best Professor of SkolTech in various nominations.  
 2018: Honorary title of the Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 2019: Gold medal named after academician I. V. Petryanov for outstanding achievements in the field of physical and applied chemistry.

References 

Living people
1972 births
Russian physicists
Russian chemists
Russian materials scientists
Kemerovo State University alumni
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Academic staff of Aalto University
People from Novokuznetsk
Russian expatriates in Finland
John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility. The John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility is a Colorado Parks and Wildlife cold water fish production facility located near Playa Blanca State Wildlife Area and the Rio Grande in Alamosa County.

History
John W. Mumma Native Aquatic Species Restoration Facility was inaugurated in 2000. Construction of the facility was funded by Great Outdoors Colorado, the Department of Natural Resources' Water Conservation Board, and the Colorado Division of Wildlife. The hatchery is the first state facility nationwide built exclusively for native species.

Mission
An overarching mission among the hatchery staff is conservation of rare aquatic native species. The facility focuses on captive propagation, genetic conservation, scientific research and public education and awareness.

Fish Species
Hatchery staff works to rear 12 species of fish and one amphibian. The species they work with include bonytail chub (Federal and State Endangered), Rio Grande sucker (State Endangered), plains minnow (State Endangered), suckermouth minnow (State Endangered), Northern redbelly dace (State Endangered), southern redbelly dace (State Endangered), Arkansas darter (State Threatened), common shiner (State Threatened), Rio Grande chub (Species of Special Concern), roundtail chub (Species of Special Concern), bluehead sucker (No official state status at this time), flannelmouth sucker (No official state status at this time) and boreal toad (State Endangered). They work to maintain water quality, photoperiod, dietary needs, and appropriate spawning and habitat requirements for each species.

References 

Fish hatcheries in the United States
Buildings and structures in Alamosa, Colorado
Tourist attractions in Colorado