omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Indian locomotive class WAG-8. The Indian locomotive class WAG-8 was a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in the early 1990s by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), AC current (A), freight/goods traffic (G), eighth-generation (8). Only two units of this class were built, both prototypes.

This class provided the basic design for a number of other locomotives like the WCAM-2, the WCAM-3 and the WCAG-1.

History 
The history of WAG-8 begins in the early 1990s with the aim of addressing the shortcomings of the previous WAG-5  class and remove steam locomotives from IR by a target date of 1990. The WAG-5, although successful, had become underpowered to meet the growing demands of the Indian Railways. So in the early 1990s BHEL decided to look for a successor to the WAG-5 class. The required specification was of a 5000-horsepower locomotive.

Initially, Indian Railways invited tenders to build locomotives to the new specification. The following responses were received:

 CLW submitted their upgraded WAG-5 model with 5000 hp with Co-Co bogies.
 BHEL submitted a 5000 hp locomotive with thyristors control and  Co-Co bogies

Each company submitted their prototypes and Indian Railways designated these prototypes as the WAG-7 class and WAG-8 class respectively. Development on the WAG-8 class in 1990 while BHEL was also manufacturing WAG-5HS. Technologically the BHEL WAG-8 was meant to be superior to the WAG-7 which was effectively using tap-changer technology from the 1960s. They most likely had the Hitachi HS15250A seen in present-day WCAM-3 and WCAG-1. The WAG-8 locomotives were to be handed over to Railways for trial in December, 1992, but the whole project was cancelled due to arrival of the WAG-9, and thyristors control had become obsolete in favour of 3-phase AC technology. The prototype locomotive was subsequently condemned and parked on an unused rail sliding at BHEL, Jhansi, where it remained as of 2017.

See also

Rail transport in India#History
Indian Railways
Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Specifications
India railway fan club

Electric locomotives of India
25 kV AC locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1996
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
BHEL locomotives
BHEL
Indian locomotive class WAP-3. The Indian locomotive class WAP-3 was a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was designed by Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) and Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) for Indian Railways in 1987. The model name stands for Broad gauge (W), AC Current (A), Passenger traffic (P) locomotive, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1988. They were the faster variant of the previous WAP-1 class. A total of 9 WAP-3 were converted from existing WAP-1 units at CLW between 1987 and 1988, but were later reverted back to WAP-1 specifications.

History

The history of the WAP-3 begins in the early 1980s with the WAP-1 class. The WAP-1 was the first attempt to create a dedicated high-speed electric passenger locomotive. They were first used on the Howrah Rajdhani Express, but Indian Railways was not satisfied with the performance of the WAP-1, as they could haul around 19 coaches at a max speed of 120 km/h. So Indian Railways decided to procure a faster version of the WAP-1.

The WAP-3 was ordered from CLW to the design of RDSO. The Flexicoil cast steel bogies of the WAP-1 was replaced by Flexicoil Mark II versions. This increased max speed to 140 km/h. Five prototype locomotives of this type were made from existing WAP-1 units. The first prototype WAP-1 numbered '22005 Jawahar'  was put into service in 1988. Initially these locomotives were classified as WAP-1 FM II, with FM II standing for " Flexicoil Mark II " and were certified to run at 130 km/h between Jhansi and lalitpur section. Later Flexicoil Mark 4 bogies were provided for Subsequent WAP-3 which increased max speed to 160 km/h.

They were first used on the Taj Express and then the Shatabdi express. The Bhopal Shatabdi used to run with WAP-3 for some time. But as trains got longer the WAP-3 struggled to perform and required banking locomotives on moderately graded sections, and so did not meet their design goals these were reverted to WAP-1 class again.

The WAP-3 and WAP-1 provided the basis for the WAP-4 class.

Locomotive sheds 
The current list of the former WAP-3 class

See also

Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

External links 

Electric Locomotive Roster: The WAP Series!
[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives—Specific classes : AC Electric
[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Diesel and Electric Locomotive Specifications
11081 Colour Photographs, Indian Railways

25 kV AC locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Electric locomotives of India
Railway locomotives introduced in 1988
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Indian locomotive class WAGC3/WAG-10. The WAGC-3, also known as WAG-10, is a class of 25 kv AC electric locomotive rebuilt by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW). It can deliver 10,000 hp (7457 kW). The locomotive was rebuilt from a WDG-3A diesel locomotive. 

The name stands for broad gauge (W), alternating current (A), goods service (G), and converted (C).

Locomotive shed

See also
Locomotives of India
Indian Railways
Rail transport in India

References

Bibliography

Electric locomotives of India
25 kV AC locomotives
Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives
Co-Co+Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2018
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon. Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon is an unstable organic compound of xenon. It consists of two fluorinated phenyl rings connected to xenon.

Structure
Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon is a molecular substance. In the solid form it crystallises in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n. The unit cell has four molecules with a = 13.635 Å. b = 8.248 Å. c = 11.511 Å, β = 102.624°. The unit cell volume is 1263.18 Å3.

The molecules have carbon to xenon to carbon bonds in nearly a straight line (the bond angle is at least 175°). The carbon–xenon bond lengths are 2.35 and 2.39 Å. The two pentafluorophenyl rings are twisted by 72° with respect to each other.

Properties
Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon decomposes above −20 °C and can explode.

Preparation
Xe(C6F5)2 is prepared from the [(CH3)4N]F catalyzed reactions of (CH3)3SiC6F5 and XeF2 in propionitrile, propionitrile/acetonitrile, acetonitrile, or CH2Cl2 , at -60 to -40 °C as the first [10-Xe-2] species with two xenon-carbon bonds as a colorless solid that decomposes above −20 °C and spontaneously at 20 °C. C6F5XeF is formed  as an intermediate which has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy.

XeF2 + (CH3)3SiC6F5 → C6F5XeF + (CH3)3SiF

XeF2 + 2 (CH3)3SiC6F5 → Xe(C6F5)2 + 2 (CH3)3SiF

Xe(C6F5)2 is also formed from the reaction of C6F5XeF with Cd(C6F5)2  

2 C6F5XeF + Cd(C6F5)2 → Xe(C6F5)2 + CdF2

However, the direct introduction of the C6F5 group into XeF2 with Cd(C6F5)2 is not successful.

Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon is crystallized from dichloromethane at −40 °C.

Reactions
Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon reacts with mercury to make bis(pentafluorophenyl)mercury.

Bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon reacts with hydrogen fluoride to form pentafluorophenyl xenon fluoride C6F5XeF.
In acetonitrile solution bis(pentafluorophenyl)xenon decomposes to form C6F5-C6F5 (C12F10) and xenon. But in dichloromethane solution the product is mostly pentafluorobenzene.

It reacts with iodine to make  (C6F5I).

References

Xenon(II) compounds
Pentafluorophenyl compounds
David L. Childs. David L. Childs is an American computer scientist noted for his work on his Extended Set Theoretic approach to data base management and cited by Edgar F. Codd in his key paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks".

Biography
The late 1960s saw Childs working on the CONCOMP project for Research in Conversational Use of Computers under project director Franklin H. Westervelt.

Childs proposed the Extended Set Theoretic approach to database management in 1968 in his paper Feasibility of a Set-Theoretic Data Structure Based on a Reconstituted Definition of a Relation.  The MICRO Relational Database Management System which was implemented in 1970 was based on Childs' Set-Theoretic Data Structure (STDS) work.

In 1970 Codd in his key paper on relational databases, A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks, cited one of Childs' 1968 papers as part of the basis for the work.

In 1985 Childs formed Integrated Information Systems with object of focusing on the rapid integration and access of highly distributed disparate data and providing software and services to assist in handling this class of problem.

References

Bibliography
 
 

Database researchers
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing
American computer scientists
Scientists from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Meredith Ringel Morris. Meredith Ringel Morris is an American computer scientist whose contributions span HCI (human–computer interaction) and AI (artificial intelligence) research, including contributions in gesture interaction design, computer-supported cooperative work, information retrieval, accessible technologies and human-centered AI. She is a principal scientist and director at Google DeepMind (and was previously Director of the People + AI Research team in Google Research’s Responsible AI division) and an affiliate professor at the University of Washington in The Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering and in The Information School.

Prior to joining Google, she was Research Area Manager for Interaction, Accessibility, and Mixed Reality at Microsoft Research, where she founded the Ability team. Morris’ expertise in accessible technologies served as a bridge to her transition from an HCI researcher to an AI researcher, beginning with a focus on issues such as how AI tools could extend the capabilities of people with vision, hearing, motor, and cognitive disabilities as well as considerations of related ethics and fairness concerns, such as the inclusion (or lack thereof) of people with disabilities and older adults in AI training data.

Early life and education 

Morris earned her Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in computer science from Brown University, magna cum laude, where her undergraduate research was advised by Andy van Dam.  She earned her M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University, where she was advised by Terry Winograd. Her high school didn’t offer computer science coursework, but she was inspired to study computer science after attending the Pennsylvania Governor’s School for the Sciences, a summer magnet program at Carnegie Mellon University for high school students residing in Pennsylvania.

Recognition 

 ACM Fellow
 ACM SIGCHI CHI Academy
 ACM Distinguished Members
 TR35 Award
 UIST Lasting Impact Award

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Brown University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Kutlu Ö. Ülgen. Kutlu Özergin Ülgen is a Turkish biochemical engineer researching pharmacophore modelling to identify pharmacological chaperones used to treat infectious diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. Ülgen is a professor in the department of chemical engineering at Boğaziçi University.

Education 
Özergin completed a B.S. (1987) and M.S. (1989) in chemical engineering at Boğaziçi University. She earned a Ph.D. in chemical engineering at University of Manchester in 1992. Özergin researched Streptomyces coelicolor antibiotic production and bioreactors. Her dissertation was titled Study of antibiotic synthesis by free and immobilised streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). Özergin's doctoral advisor was .

Career 
In 1992, Ülgen joined the faculty at Boğaziçi University as in instructor in the department of chemical engineering. She was promoted to assistant professor in 1994, associate professor in 1996, and professor in 2002. She served as head of the chemical engineering department from 2009 to 2011. Ülgen served as associate dean of the faculty of engineering from 2012 to December 2015.

Ülgen researches pharmacophore modelling to identify pharmacological chaperones to treat infectious diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. She uses a systems biology approach to investigate the reconstruction of signaling networks in yeast, worms, and humans. She also researches protein purification, computational physiology, and metabolic pathway engineering.

References

External links 

 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Turkish women chemists
Turkish chemists
Turkish engineering academics
Turkish bioengineers
Turkish chemical engineers
Biochemical engineering
20th-century women engineers
21st-century women engineers
Women chemical engineers
Women bioengineers
20th-century chemists
21st-century biochemists
Women biochemists
Boğaziçi University alumni
Academic staff of Boğaziçi University
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Nicole Immorlica. Nicole Immorlica (born November 26, 1978) is a theoretical computer scientist at Microsoft Research, known for her work on algorithmic game theory and locality-sensitive hashing.

Education and career
Immorlica completed her Ph.D. in 2005 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, under the joint supervision of David Karger and Erik Demaine. Her dissertation was Computing with Strategic Agents.

After postdoctoral research at Microsoft Research and at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in Amsterdam, Immorlica took a faculty position at Northwestern University in 2008, and moved to Microsoft Research in 2012.

Service
In 2019, Immorlica was elected chair of SIGecom, the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Economics and Computation.

Recognition
Immorlica was named as an ACM Fellow, in the 2023 class of fellows, for "contributions to economics and computation, including market design, auctions and social networks".

References

External links
Home page

1978 births
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Northwestern University faculty
Microsoft Research people
American women academics
21st-century American women
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Harriet Kung. Harriet Kung is an American Physicist and the deputy director for Science Programs for the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Education and career 
Kung received her Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Cornell University. She began her scientific career as a research fellow at the University of Michigan, before joining the technical staff at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where she worked for ten years. She has published 100 refereed papers, mostly in the scientific field of nanomaterials and high-temperature superconductivity. She joined the U.S. DOE in 2002 as a program manager in Materials Science and Engineering, before serving as the associate director of Science for Basic Energy Sciences (BES) from June 2008 to April 2020.

Awards and honors 
 Presidential Meritorious Executive Rank Award in 2009.
 DOE Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship award 
 Performance and leadership service awards at Los Alamos National Laboratory

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women
American women physicists
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Los Alamos National Laboratory personnel
Place of birth missing (living people)
United States Department of Energy officials
SS Empire Fulmar (1945). Empire Fulmar was a LST (3) which was built in 1945 by Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd as HMS LST 3524 for the Royal Navy. She was renamed HMS Trumpeter in 1947. She was transferred to the Ministry of Transport in 1956 and renamed Empire Fulmar, serving in the Suez Crisis. She was later laid up in Singapore and was scrapped there in 1969.

Description
The ship was  long between perpendiculars ( overall), with a beam of . She had a depth of , and a draught of  forward in beaching mode and  maximum. She was assessed at .

The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine. The engine was built by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Rated at 1,500IHP, it drove twin screw propellers. The engine could propel the ship at a speed of , but her normal cruising speed was . Fuel consumption was 40 tons per day at .

She had a complement of 115 officers and men, and could carry 168 troops, or 7 LCMs or 18 40-ton tanks or 27 trucks.

History
HMS LST 3524 was ordered on 28 April 1944. She was built as yard number 571 in 1945 by Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing Co Ltd, Lauzon, Quebec, Canada. She was launched on 25 July 1945. In 1947, she was renamed HMS Trumpeter. She was later laid up in the Clyde.

In 1956, HMS Trumpeter was transferred to the  Ministry of Transport and renamed Empire Fulmar She was operated under the management of the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company. She was used by the British Army as a ferry during the Suez Crisis. In 1961, management was transferred to the British India Steam Navigation Company. Empire Fulmar was involved in the British aid effort to Zambia in December 1965, carrying 2,200 drums of oil from Aden to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. She was laid up at Singapore in 1968. Offered for sale in May 1968, she was scrapped in January 1969.

References

1945 ships
Ships built in Lévis
LST (3)-class tank landing ships
Empire ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Suez Crisis
International Society of Exposure Science. The International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), (formally known as the International Society of Exposure Analysis (ISEA)) is a non-profit organization established in 1990 by a group of scientists and engineers, including Paul Lioy.  The formation of this society was at least partially in response to a National Research Committee (NRC) on Exposure Assessment that held a series of meetings and workshops beginning in 1987 that formed the foundation of exposure science and defined basic principles.  The expertise of members in ISES is interdisciplinary and draws upon a broad array of disciplines, including: exposure assessment; biochemistry; risk assessment; bioinformatics; physiology; toxicology; epidemiology; ecology; environmental chemistry; and environmental engineering. The Society’s membership is professionally diverse and includes academic, governmental, and private sector scientists, as well as policy makers who have a common interest in exposure science.  ISES has operated with a President, President-elect, Treasurer, and Secretary as well as Councilors. Councilors are elected from the membership and are allocated from the various professional categories that represent Society membership (academia, government, private sector, and students). The first set of Bylaws was approved by the membership in 1991.

ISES hosts an annual conference and is associated with a scientific journal (the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, JESEE).  The society often partners with other international societies when hosting an annual conference.  In 2018, the annual conference was held in Ottawa, Canada with the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and received attention from NIEHS for the broad range of topics to be highlighted at the conference from E-waste to natural disasters.  In 2019, ISES partnered with the International Society for Indoor Air Quality (ISIAQ), and the conference was held in Lithuania focusing on air pollution and associated impacts on the built, natural, and social environments.

Awards 
In past years, ISES has developed several awards within the organization.  These include the Jerome J. Wesolowski Award for contributions to the knowledge and practice of human exposure assessment, the Joan M. Daisey Outstanding Young Scientist Award, which recognizes a young scientist in exposure science whose degree was conferred within the past 10 years, and the Constance L. Mehlman Award which recognizes contributions in exposure analysis that helped shape a national or state policy or that provided new approaches for reduction or prevention of exposures.  Lastly, the Distinguished Lecturer Award was developed in recognition of an individual within the field who promotes the mission and goals of the ISES organization.

References

External links 

 Official ISES website
 JESEE journal website
 ISEE Society website
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)

International learned societies
Scientific societies based in the United States
Elaine Shi. Elaine Shi is a Chinese and American computer scientist and cryptographer, whose research has included work on blockchain and smart contracts, secure distributed systems, and the oblivious RAM model, and cryptographic techniques for encrypted computation. She is an associate professor of computer science and electrical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University.

Education and career
Shi is originally from Hangzhou, and did her undergraduate studies at Tsinghua University before completing her doctorate in 2008 at Carnegie Mellon University. Her dissertation, Evaluating Predicates over Encrypted Data, was supervised by Adrian Perrig.

She worked as a researcher at PARC and the University of California, Berkeley, as an assistant professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, and as an associate professor at Cornell University before coming back to Carnegie Mellon University as a faculty in Fall 2020.

She is a recipient of a Packard Fellowship, a Sloan Fellowship, an ONR YIP award, and various other best paper awards.

References

External links
Home page
DBLP page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Chinese computer scientists
Chinese women computer scientists
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Cornell University faculty
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery