omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jean Venables. Jean Venables (born June 1948) is a British civil engineer who in November 2008 became the 144th President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, the first woman to be elected to the position.

Career 
Venables has worked on flood risk management projects. She was chairman of the Thames Regional Flood Defence Committee for a period of nine years.

From 2003 to 2010 Venables was chair of the Thames Estuary Partnership, a British charity that provides a framework for managing the Thames Estuary.

She was also chief executive of the Association of Drainage Authorities (ADA), from Jan 2006 to March 2015, where she led ADA's role of representing organisations related to water level management and flood risk management, such as Internal Drainage Boards, flood defence committees, environmental agencies, local authorities and various associate members.

Venables has been associated with formation of CEEQUAL. From 2014 to 2016, Venables was chair of the Nuclear Liabilities Fund, succeeding Lady Balfour.

Awards and recognition 
Venables was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2010 Birthday Honours. She had earlier been made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 New Year Honours for services as Chairman of the Thames Region Flood Defence Committee and before that a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1997 New Year Honours for services to civil engineering.

The University of Nottingham, The University of Kent, Kingston University and Abertay University have each awarded her an honorary doctorate.

She is also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and a visiting professor at the University of Southampton and at Imperial College London (where she studied). Previously, she was a visiting professor at Strathclyde University.

In 2001, she was awarded the Garth Watson Medal for services to the Institution of Civil Engineers.

In 2011, the Institution of Civil Engineers instituted the Jean Venables Medal. It is awarded to its best Technician Professional Review candidate.

Personal life 
Venables is married to Roger Venables. They operate the company "Venables Consultancy". Roger Venables is Visiting Professor in Engineering for Sustainable Development at Queen's University, Belfast.

Bibliography

References

External links 
 Venables Consultancy
 Why professional institutions need to break down professional silos and focus on sustainable working – 'UrbanBuzz: Building Sustainable Communities' conference keynote presentation by Venables.

Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
British civil engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Alumni of Imperial College London
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
1948 births
21st-century British women engineers
Indian locomotive class WU. The Indian locomotive class WU was a class of  steam locomotives used on  broad gauge lines in India.

The four members of the class were built by Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, England, to an order placed by the East Indian Railway (EIR) in 1940.  They were completed in 1943.

Proposals were later made for additional members of the class WU to be built.  However, the class lacked the ability to cope with post-World War II traffic, and therefore the proposals were never realised.

See also

Indian Railways
Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

Notes

Bibliography

Railway locomotives introduced in 1943
WU
Vulcan Foundry locomotives
2-4-2T locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research. Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research (AITR) is a private engineering college located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 2005.

Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research - AITR offers bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering and master's degrees in computing and management. It also provides online courses facilities to its student's.The college is affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV) for BTech, BE, Diploma, ME, B Pharm and M Pharm courses and Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV) for Master of Computer Application (MCA), BCA, BBA, BCom, BSc, BA and Master of Business Administration (MBA) courses.

References

External links
 

Universities and colleges in Indore
Educational institutions established in 2005
2005 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
LFG V 40. The LFG V 40 and V 44 were one-off, single-engine, two-seat sports monoplanes, identical apart from their engines, built in Germany in 1925.

Design and development
The V 40 and V 44 were all-metal high-wing monoplanes, with thick, straight-edged, cantilever wings.  Highly stressed members were steel, with duralumin elsewhere including the skin.  The fuselages were deep-bellied and flat-sided with tandem open cockpits over the wing.  On both aircraft, the pilot sat near the quarter chord position, with a slot in the fuselage below the wing to enhance his downward view, and the passenger was placed within a cut-out in the trailing edge.  The tailplane was on top of the fuselage and the rounded vertical tail included a balanced rudder which extended down to the keel.  The conventional undercarriage was fixed, with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on short V-struts and assisted by a tailskid.

The V 40 and V 44 airframes were identical, but the V 40 was powered by a  Siemens-Halske Sh 11 7-cylinder radial and the V 44 by a  Bristol Lucifer 3-cylinder radial.  Both were nose-mounted, uncowled, and drove two-blade propellers.  External dimensions, apart from the exact length, were the same, and the weights were also similar.

Operational history
The V 40 and V 44 were amongst five LFG entries to the Round Germany Flight held in the summer of 1925, though only the LFG V 39 took take part.

Variants

 V 40  Siemens-Halske Sh 11 7-cylinder radial engine. One built. 
 V 44  Bristol Lucifer 3-cylinder radial engine. One built.

Specifications

References

1920s German sport aircraft
LFG V 40
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Kochyerigin LBSh. LBSh (, initially known simply as Ш, short for shturmovik) was a light ground attack aircraft (shturmovik) designed in 1939 by Sergei Aleksandrovich Kochyerigin.

A low-wing monoplane of mixed construction with fixed undercarriage, the design proved underpowered although decently armed. Offensive armament included two ShVAK 20 mm autocannons in the wing roots, two ShKAS machine guns in the wings and up to 600 kg of bombload. Defensive armament consisted of one turret-mounted ShKAS machine gun firing rearwards.

Only two prototypes were ever built: Sh-1 powered by Tumansky M-88 air-cooled radial engine and Sh-2 powered by earlier Tumansky M-87A. Initially the Sh-1 was accepted by the Soviet aviation into serial production, but the decision was soon overturned and the Factory No. 292 was ordered to focus on Yatsenko I-28 and Yakovlev Yak-1 fighters instead.

Notes

References

  

1930s Soviet attack aircraft
Kochyerigin aircraft
AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER. The AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER (Standoff Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response) is an advanced stand off precision-guided, air-launched cruise missile produced by Boeing Defense, Space & Security for the United States Armed Forces and their allies. Developed from the AGM-84E SLAM (Standoff Land Attack Missile, itself developed by Boeing Integrated Defense Systems from the McDonnell Douglas Harpoon anti-ship missile), the SLAM-ER is capable of attacking land and sea targets medium to long range (over 155 nautical miles/270 km maximum). The SLAM-ER relies on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and infrared imaging for its navigation and control, and it can strike both moving and stationary targets.

The SLAM-ER can be remotely controlled while in flight, and it can be redirected to another target after launch if the original target has already been destroyed, or is no longer considered to be dangerous (command guidance). The SLAM-ER is a very accurate weapon; as of 2009 it had the best circular error probable (CEP) of any missile used by the U.S. Navy.

History
In 1999, Boeing and the U.S. Navy conducted a live fire of a SLAM-ER from an F/A-18 Hornet on the decommissioned USS Dale (CG-19) off the coast of Puerto Rico.

The SLAM-ER obtained initial operating capability in June 2000. A total of three SLAM-ER missiles were fired by the U.S. Navy during the Iraq War, and the missile was also used during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan.

The General Electric Company provides an Automatic Target Recognition Unit (ATRU) for the SLAM-ER that processes prelaunch and postlaunch targeting data, allows high speed video comparison (DSMAC), and enables the SLAM-ER to be used in a true "fire and forget" manner. It also includes a "man-in-the-loop" mode, where the pilot or weapons system officer can designate the point of impact precisely, even if the target has no distinguishing infrared signature.

It can be launched and controlled by a variety of aircraft including the F/A-18 Hornet, F/A-18 Super Hornet, F-16 Block 50+ and P-3C Orion, as well as by some F-15E Strike Eagle. The S-3B Viking was also able to launch and control the SLAM-ER. The South Korean Air Force's version of the F-15E Strike Eagle, the F-15K Slam Eagle, has been capable of launching and controlling the SLAM-ER since 2006 in test exercises.

In 2020, a proposal was put to Congress to allow the sale of the SLAM-ER to Taiwan.

Operators

References

External links
 
 Boeing (McDonnell-Douglas) AGM/RGM/UGM-84 Harpoon, Designation Systems
 

Anti-ship missiles of the United States
Air-to-surface missiles of the United States
Air-launched cruise missiles
Cruise missiles of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Fire-and-forget weapons
Boeing
General Aviation Design Bureau T-2 Maverick. The General Aviation Design Bureau T-2 Maverick is a Ukrainian ultralight trike, designed  and produced by the General Aviation Design Bureau of Ukraine, based in Kyiv. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The T-2 was produced starting in 1995 as a trainer for western markets under subcontract, but is now sold under the General Aviation Design Bureau's own name.

The T-2 Maverick was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of  depending on the version. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration open cockpit with two separate cockpit fairings, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft's structure is made from tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. Powerplants available are the twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 503 engine, the liquid-cooled  Rotax 582 engine or the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912UL engine.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of  depending on the version, giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Two different wings have been supplied as standard, initially the Maverick 14.7 and, since 2000, the larger Maverick II with a wing area of .

Specifications (T-2 with Maverick II wing)

References

1990s Ukrainian sport aircraft
1990s Ukrainian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Silver nitrite. Silver nitrite is an inorganic compound with the formula AgNO2.

Applications
Silver nitrite has many applications. Notable examples include:
 The production of aniline compounds.
 General oxidizing agent.
 Victor Meyer type nucleophilic substitution reactions with organobromides or organoiodides forming nitro compounds.
 Nitroalkene synthesis with nitryl iodide generated in-situ from silver nitrite and elemental iodine.
 1,2,3-Benzothiadiazoles synthesis via skeletal editing (S,N-heteroarene ring transformation) of variously functionalized 2-halobenzothiazoles and benzothiazolinones

Production
Silver nitrite is produced from the reaction between silver nitrate and an alkali nitrite, such as sodium nitrite. Silver nitrite is much less soluble in water than silver nitrate, and a solution of silver nitrate will readily precipitate silver nitrite upon addition of sodium nitrite:

AgNO3 (aq) + NaNO2 (s) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgNO2 (precipitate)

Alternatively, it can be produced by the reaction between silver sulfate and barium nitrite.

References

Silver compounds
Nitrites
Aeroflot Flight 1802. Aeroflot Flight 1802 ( Reys 1802 Aeroflota) was a commercial flight from Vinnytsia to Moscow that crashed after the rudder deflected sharply and the propellers feathered on 15 May 1976. All 52 passengers and crew aboard the aircraft perished in the crash.

Aircraft 
The aircraft involved in the accident was an Antonov An-24RV, registered CCCP-46534 to Aeroflot. The aircraft rolled off the final assembly line on February 27, 1975. In the aircraft's service life it accumulated 2,996 flight hours and 2,228 pressurization cycles.

Crew 
Six crew members were aboard the flight. The cockpit crew consisted of:
 Captain Fyodor Chumak
 Copilot Viktor Pashchenko
 Navigator Pyotr Maksimenko
 Navigator in training Viktor Kozlov
 Flight Engineer Ivan Ukhan

Synopsis 
Thunderclouds were present above the Chernihiv region sky for the duration of the flight. Moderate wind blowing southwest on a bearing of 250° at 6 m/s was present, along with moderate rain showers. Visibility on the ground at the airport was 10 kilometers with a cumulonimbus cloudcover. Flight 1802 was flying at an altitude of 5700 meters with a speed of 350 km/h when at approximately 10:47 the rudder suddenly deviated 25° to the right, changing the roll angle and yaw. The pilots responded quickly to this deflection by adjusting the ailerons in their attempts to reduce the roll. A few seconds later the rudder deflected 9°, and the elevators deviated resulting in 30° to pitch (nose held up). The airliner reached sharp angles of attack, and thus went into a tailspin. At the time of entry into the spin, the propellers were feathered. The airliner crashed 14.5 kilometers southeast of Chernigovskiy airport on a bearing of 245° at 10:48 with a rate of descent at nearly 100 m/s in uncontrolled flight. All 52 people on board the aircraft perished in the crash.

Causes 
The aircraft crashed due to loss of control caused by the rudder deflecting when the autopilot was disconnected, but the root cause of the rudder deflection was never determined. It is possible one of the pilots accidentally pushed the rudder trim control switch. Electrical failure could also have caused the mechanical issues.

See also
 United Airlines Flight 585 - another crash caused by a rudder hardover.
 USAir Flight 427 - another crash caused by a rudder hardover.
 Eastwind Airlines Flight 517 - another incident caused by a rudder hardover.

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1976
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
Aviation accidents and incidents in Ukraine
1802 (1976)
1976 in the Soviet Union
1976 in Ukraine
Accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-24
May 1976 in the Soviet Union
Fluoroberyllate. Fluoroberyllate is an anion of fluorine and beryllium and compounds containing it with other elements.  The main kinds are the tetrafluoroberyllates (BeF4)2−, the trifluoroberyllates (BeF3)−, polymeric fluoroberyllates (which can crystalize similar to silica containing minerals) and fluoroberyllate glass.

References

Fluoro complexes
Beryllium compounds
Fluorometallates
LFG V 42. The V 42 was a one off, single-engine, two-seat sports monoplane, built in Germany in 1925.

Design and development
Broadly similar to but larger and nearly 30% heavier than the LFG V 40 and LFG V 44, the V 42 was an all-metal cantilever high-wing monoplane.  Unlike the V 40 and V 44 it was powered by an inline engine rather than a radial, the  Mercedes D.I.

Operational history
The V 42 was amongst five LFG entries to the Round Germany Flight held in the summer of 1925, though only the LFG V 39 took take part.

Specifications

References

1920s German sport aircraft
LFG V 42
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Hubertec Thermik. The Hubertec Thermik () is a German ultralight trike, designed and produced by Hubertec of Aach, Rhineland-Palatinate. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The company is an industrial prototyping and exercise machine specialist that decided to produce an ultralight trike design as a sideline project.

Design and development
Intended for self-launching and soaring flight, the Thermik was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, the German 120 kg ultralight class and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

The Thermik features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span Bautek Pico two-place wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a single cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke,  Simonini engine.

The Thermik has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The aircraft can utilize any hang glider wing that can support , although the prototype used a Bautek Pico two-place wing.

An alternative version that fits a paraglider wing is also available, flying as a powered parachute.

Specifications (Thermik with Bautek Pico wing)

References

External links

Hubertec Thermik photographs

2000s German sport aircraft
2000s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Powered parachutes
Paul Jowitt. Paul William Jowitt is a British civil engineer, Professor of Civil Engineering Systems at Heriot Watt University, and executive director of the Scottish Institute of Sustainable Technology. On 3 November 2009, he became the 145th President of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to technology. He is currently President of the Commonwealth Engineers Council. He was elected in 2012 as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Jowitt graduated from Imperial College in 1972, and lectured there from 1974 before moving to Heriot-Watt University in 1987 where he was head of civil and offshore engineering from 1989 to 1999. In 1997 he was an Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand.  He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2005.

He was the lead investigator in a Heriot-Watt/Cambridge University consortium on the EPSRC-funded Implementation Strategies for Sustainable Urban Environment Systems (ISSUES) project, intended to facilitate knowledge transfer for EPSRC's Sustainable Urban Environments Programme. Previously he led a number of research projects from EPSRC, UKWIR and the UK Water Utilities on water distribution network reliability, drought management and sustainable wastewater treatment.

His published work includes journal articles in  Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, ASCE, Engineering Optimization. and Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems (which Jowitt edits).

Jowitt is chair of the engineering charity 'Engineers Against Poverty'. He is a former trustee of the Forth Bridges Visitor Centre, and a trustee of The Steamship Sir Walter Scott Trust.

References

Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
British civil engineers
Academics of Heriot-Watt University
Academics of Imperial College London
Alumni of Imperial College London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hybrid switchgear module. A hybrid switchgear is one that combines the components of traditional air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and SF6 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) technologies. It is characterized by a compact and modular design, which encompasses several different functions in one module.

Concept
High-voltage switchgears have been traditionally distinguished according to the medium used to extinguish the arc. In the case of the hybrid switchgear modules, this device developed during last 90’s uses two different types of technologies: one to extinguish the arc and the other to connect to the other equipment of the high voltage substation, for pursuing the goal of maximizing the advantages of the already existing technologies.  The hybrid module typically utilizes gas-insulated switchgear components and conventional air-insulated bushings for connecting to the busbar.

Components
The term module refers to the fact that the equipment itself is a combination of different standard substation components in a single assembly. The integration allows to reduce the overall substation footprint from 50% to more than 70% when compared to substation realized using conventional air insulated equipment.
An hybrid module can incorporate:
 One (or more) circuit breaker 
 One (or more) disconnector and earthing switch
 Gas-insulated voltage transformers
 Cast-resin current transformers
 Air- or gas-insulated surge arresters

The high voltage live parts (circuit breaker, disconnector and earthing switch) are encapsulated in a grounded aluminum tank, filled with pressurized sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas, which means that the disconnector contacts will likely not require any maintenance during the product life, thus increasing the availability of the substation and the safety of the operators.

Substation applications
This modular approach to the construction of the substations is based on flexibility and customizability. The hybrid module can be used for extension or substitution in any traditional substation which uses an air-insulated busbar. This allows to configure the module with the components that are required by substation’s architecture and scope of supply. Vice versa, it is also possible to install traditional air-insulated equipment in a hybrid substation.

References

Electric power
Electric power distribution
Electric power infrastructure
Electric power systems components
LFG V 52. The V 52 was a one off, single engine, two seat sports monoplane, built in Germany in 1925.

Design and development

Whilst the other LFG two seat monoplane sports aircraft (the V 40, V 42 and V 44) produced in 1925 were all metal designs, the V 52 employed wooden construction.  It also differed from them in having a braced, rather than wholly cantilever wing.  This was built around wooden box spares, with three ply ribs and fabric covering.  The fuselage was also wooden, with three ply covering.

Like the V 40, the V 52 was powered by a  Siemens-Halske Sh 11 7-cylinder radial engine.

Operational history
The V 52 was amongst five LFG entries to the Round Germany Flight held in the summer of 1925, though only the LFG V 39 biplane took take part, with all four monoplanes failing to make the start.

Specifications

References

1920s German sport aircraft
LFG V 52
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925