omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bhubaneswar Mishra. Bhubaneswar Mishra (born 9 November 1961) is an Indian American computer scientist and professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University. He is known for his applied contributions to bioinformatics, cybersecurity, and computational finance. Mishra is listed as an ISI highly cited researcher in Computer Science.

Career
Born in Bhubaneswar, India, Mishra received a B.Tech. degree in Electronics and Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in 1980. He then received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1982 and 1985, respectively. His Ph.D. thesis advisor was Edmund M. Clarke. He began his scientific career as an instructor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He is also a visiting scholar at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, as well as a co-founder in OpGen, a computational biology company. He also maintains a position as principal investigator at the Center for Malicious Behavior and Model Checking.

Awards and honors
Mishra is a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (2007), of the IEEE (2009), and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2010).

References

Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Indian Institutes of Technology alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
American computer scientists
1961 births
Living people
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
2007 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the IEEE
Scientists from Bhubaneswar
Indian emigrants to the United States
American academics of Indian descent
American people of Odia descent
20th-century Indian mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Propidium monoazide. Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA. It is used to detect viable microorganisms by qPCR. Visible light (high power halogen lamps or specific LED devices) induces a photoreaction of the chemical that will lead to a covalent bond with PMA and the dsDNA. The mechanism of DNA modification by PMA can be seen in this protocol. This process renders the DNA insoluble and results in its loss during subsequent genomic DNA extraction. Theoretically, dead microorganisms lose their capability to maintain their membranes intact, which leaves the "naked" DNA in the cytosol ready to react with PMA. DNA of living organisms are not exposed to the PMA, as they have an intact cell membrane. After treatment with the chemical, only the DNA from living bacteria is usable in qPCR, allowing to obtain only the amplified DNA of living organisms. This is helpful in determining which pathogens are active in specific samples. The main use of PMA is in Viability PCR but the same principle can be applied in flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy.

However, the ability of PMA in differentiating viable and non-viable cells varies for different bacteria. An example is that the permeability of PMA to gram-positive and gram-negative cell membranes is different. Therefore, the application of PMA to mixed communities is still limited.

PMA was developed at Biotium, Inc. as an improvement on ethidium monoazide (EMA). PMA provides better discrimination between live and dead bacteria because it is excluded from live cells more efficiently than EMA.

References

DNA-binding substances
Dyes
Molecular biology
Organoazides
John W. Cowan. John Woldemar Cowan is an American programmer known for work with XML and Unicode. Cowan is an alumnus member of the Unicode Consortium and was an editor of the XML 1.1 specification. He is also the founder of the ConScript Unicode Registry, which is maintained by him and Michael Everson.

Until he resigned on Aug 15, 2023, he was the chair of the working group defining the R7RS Large standard of the Scheme programming language.

Cowan has revised William Strunk's The Elements of Style (now in the public domain). His revisions are "founded on the principle that rules of usage and style cannot be drawn out of thin air, nor constructed a priori according to logic; they must depend on the actual practice of those who are generally acknowledged to be good writers".

Cowan is also the author of a comprehensive reference grammar of the constructed language Lojban.

References

External links

 Personal homepage
 Recycled Knowledge (his personal weblog)

Lojban
People involved with Unicode
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
CAIGA Primus 150. The AVIC Leadair AG300, previously called Primus 150, built by the China Aviation Industry General Aircraft, is a development of the Epic LT aircraft built using the international rights to Epic Aircraft bought in bankruptcy in 2010. As part of the settlement, Epic retained its rights for American construction and support of its aircraft, creating two divergent lines.

Design and development

China Aviation Industry General Aircraft (CAIGA) began the process of developing the Epic LT into the Primus 150 for commercial construction, with program first started in November 2011. Its maiden flight was successfully completed on July 5, 2014, and Chinese state certification was received in the following year. Three enterprises have signed letters of intent to purchase the aircraft at a unit price of two million US dollars, under the new name Leadair AG300. The general designer is Mr. Xiong Xianpeng (熊贤鹏). Currently, Leadair AG300 is the fastest flying single-engine, propeller driven general aviation aircraft in China. The aircraft is a five-seat low-wing tricycle-gear pressurized turboprop.

Specifications (Primus 150)

See also

References

Epic aircraft
2010s Chinese civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2014
Formetorex. Formetorex (INN), also known as formetamide or N-formylamphetamine, is a substituted amphetamine described as an anorectic which does not appear to have ever been marketed.

Formetorex is also an intermediate in the production of amphetamine by the "Leuckart reaction." It is also commonly found as an impurity in clandestine labs where this synthesis method is used. Due to the simplicity of the Leuckart reaction, it is the most popular synthetic route employed for the illicit manufacture of amphetamines.  The synthesis involves a non-metal reduction that is typically carried out in three steps.  For amphetamine synthesis, a mixture of phenylacetone and formamide (sometimes in the presence of formic acid) or ammonium formate, is heated until a condensation reaction results in the intermediate product, formetamide. In the second step, formetamide is hydrolysed using hydrochloric acid, and the reaction mixture is then basified, isolated, and steam distilled to produce the free base.  The final step, the product is dissolved in an organic solvent and precipitated as the sulphate salt of amphetamine by adding sulfuric acid.

References

External links
 

Substituted amphetamines
Amphetamine
Anorectics
Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Stimulants
Formamides
SystemX. SystemX is a French Institute for Technological Research (IRT) established February 1, 2012, in the framework of the “Investment for the Future” program that was set up to support French Innovation.

A total of 8 IRTs have been created by the government. The only IRT in the Île-de-France region is dedicated to the digital engineering of complex systems. 

The institute includes 100 to 250 researchers, of which 50 were hired by SystemX. The annual budget is € 30M. Legally, it is a Scientific Research Foundation. Its head office is in Nano-Innov with other offices in Inria  and Paris.

Strategy 
SystemX’s functioning lies on two fundamental aspects:
 The Institute gathers all the partners involved in its projects in one location. The idea is to foster synergies between academic and industrial communities;
 Skill and platform pooling: by reaching a critical mass, SystemX plans to create a platform by pooling skills and technological elements.

Management 
 Chief Executive Officer: Paul Labrogère
 Research and Technology Director: Bruno Foyer
 Scientific Director: Patrice Aknin

R&D projects and training 

SystemX focuses on four priority sectors:
 Energy
 Transport and mobility
 Telecommunications
 Security and defense

More precisely, the Institute researches seven themes, each split into two streams:
 Systems of systems: energy management, multimodal transport, security, and multimedia
 Technologies and tools for digital engineering: embedded systems, high-performance computing, cloud computing and networks, simulation and conception tools.

SystemX is interested in academic-industrial relationships concerning the “systems, modelization, complexity” challenges - at the bachelor, master, and Ph.D. levels.

Saclay ecosystem 

Thanks to its location on the Saclay plateau, host to the future Paris-Saclay University, SystemX benefits from Systematic Paris-Region competitiveness cluster and the Paris-Saclay Campus' dynamics – ranked among the world's top 8 world innovation clusters by MIT Technology Review.

History 
 February 21, 2013: SystemX’s official inauguration
 October 31, 2012: Convention signing with ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), the French National Research Agency.
 February 1, 2012: Labelling announcement as part of the “Great Loan” (Grand Emprunt) in the framework of the “Investment for the Future” program).

References

 Les instituts de recherche technologique (IRT), campus d'innovation

External links 
 

Research institutes in France
Paris-Saclay
CUTE-1.7 + APD II. CUTE-1.7 + APD II, or CUTE-1.7 + APD 2, is a Japanese nanosatellite which was launched in 2008 as a follow-up to the CUTE-1.7 + APD satellite. It was built and is operated by the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Spacecraft 
CUTE-1.7 + APD II used a similar design to its predecessor, however it was stretched in height meaning that it no longer complied with the CubeSat form factor which the original satellite was based on. It has dimensions of , compared to  for CUTE-1.7 + APD, which was a standard two-unit CubeSat. The onboard computer is a personal digital assistant developed by Hitachi.

Mission 
The University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies was contracted to launch CUTE-1.7 + APD II, subcontracting the launch to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as part of the Nanosatellite Launch Service 4 (NLS-4) mission along with CanX-2, AAUSAT-II, Compass-1, Delfi-C3 and SEEDS-2. ISRO used a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, flight number C9, to launch NLS-4 - with the rocket flying in the Core Alone, or PSLV-CA, configuration. The rocket's primary payload was Cartosat-2A, with IMS-1, Rubin-8 and the University of Toronto's NLS-5 mission - consisting of the CanX-6 satellite - also flying aboard the launch vehicle as secondary payloads.

Launch 
The launch took place at 03:53:51 UTC on 28 April 2008, with the satellites being deployed from the launch vehicle shortly afterwards. As of , CUTE-1.7 + APD II is in a  of apogee and  orbit inclined at inclination 97.67° to the equator. Although only designed for a two-month mission, it still remains operational and continues to transmit data to the ground station at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2008
Student satellites
Launch Enterprise Directorate. The United States Space Force's Launch Enterprise Directorate (LE) is a unit located at Los Angeles Air Force Base in El Segundo, California.

Mission
The LE's mission is "to acquire, operate and sustain affordable expendable launch and range capability providing 100 percent mission success."

LE ensures Assured Access to Space for the Department of Defense through the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program.

History

The Delta II rocket was developed when the Air Force decided to return to a mixed fleet of expendable launch vehicles following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and other launch failures. The Delta II entered the Air Force inventory in February 1987 after the Air Force awarded a contract to McDonnell Douglas for the construction of 18 Delta IIs to launch NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, which were originally programmed for Space Shuttle launch. The first Delta II launched a GPS satellite 14 Feb. 1989.

The EELV program is designed to improve our nation's access to space by making space launch vehicles more affordable and reliable. The program is replacing the existing launch system (Delta II) with two families of launch vehicles (Delta IV & Atlas V), each using common components and common infrastructure. EELV's operability improvements over current systems include a standard payload interface and increased off-pad processing. As the Air Force's space-lift modernization program, EELV was designed to reduce launch cost by at least 25 percent over heritage Atlas, Delta and Titan space launch systems.

LTRS consists of ground-based surveillance, navigation, flight operations and analysis, command and control, communications and weather assets located at the Eastern Range (Patrick AFB, FL.), and the Western Range (Vandenberg AFB, CA.). There are two major efforts underway for the LTRS program: modernization and sustainment. Modernization efforts seek to revamp and recapitalize current systems in the Instrumentation, Control and Display and Network segments. The current modernization efforts will replace approximately 20% of the system. Depot support projects enhance the existing systems on the ranges to reduce the operations and sustainment costs.

Organization

LE, located at the Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, CA, is home to than 540 government, military, aerospace, and contractor personnel.

LE was briefly designated as the Launch and Range Systems Wing; however the unit was later re-designated as a directorate.

List of directors

References

External links
 LRSW Fact Sheet

Military units and formations in California
El Segundo, California
Leviton (quasiparticle). A leviton is a collective excitation of a single electron within a metal. It has been mostly studied in two-dimensional electron gases alongside quantum point contacts. The main feature is that the excitation produces an electron pulse without the creation of electron holes. The time-dependence of the pulse is described by a Lorentzian distribution created by a pulsed electric potential.   

Levitons have also been described in graphene.

The leviton is named after Leonid Levitov, who first predicted its existence in 1996.

References

Quasiparticles
August Horch Museum Zwickau. The August Horch Museum Zwickau is an automobile museum in Zwickau, Saxony, Germany. Opened in 2004, it covers the history of automobile construction in Zwickau, the early history of Horch and Audi; their eventual incorporation into Auto Union in 1932, and ending with the company's relocation to Ingolstadt after World War II - from where the modern-day Audi company evolved.  

The museum also documents the factory's later role in manufacturing the Trabant during the Cold War-era German Democratic Republic, and its eventual rebirth under the ownership of Volkswagen.

The museum is housed within the former factory where August Horch established Audi Automobilwerke GmbH in 1910.  Its owner and operator is a non-profit making company owned in equal shares by Audi AG and the town of Zwickau.

Gallery

See also 
AutoMuseum Volkswagen
Autostadt
List of automobile museums
museum mobile
Porsche Museum

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 

  
 

Audi
Automobile museums in Germany
European Route of Industrial Heritage Anchor Points
Horch
Museums in Saxony
Zwickau
Museums established in 2004
2004 establishments in Germany
Ron Pinter. Ron Yair Pinter () is an Israeli computer scientist specializing in computational systems biology, integrated circuit layout and compiler optimization. He is professor of computer science and the Rappaport Medical School at the Technion in Haifa, Israel. He was a founding member of the Israeli Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. In the past, he has been a program manager at the IBM Haifa Research Laboratory and a member of the IBM Academy of Technology, and Vice President for Research and Development at Compugen. His contributions include defining (with Ido Dagan and Martin Golumbic) the notion of trapezoid graphs, and pioneering analysis of biological networks.

Biography
Pinter was born in Haifa, Israel in 1953 to parents of German Jewish descent both refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s. After finishing at the top of his class in the Hebrew Reali School class of 1971, he obtained a B.Sc., summa cum laude, in computer science from the Technion in the first class which started the program in 1975. At the Technion he met his wife, Shlomit, also a computer scientist. The two have co-authored several papers in the field during the 1990s.

He then went on to pursue graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), obtaining a M.S. in 1980 and a Ph.D. in 1982, both in EECS. His advisors were Charles Leiserson and Ron Rivest.

Before turning his focus to bioinformatics, Pinter most notably co-defined the notion of trapezoid graphs and made significant contributions to the field of Integrated Circuit design. After several years as VP for R&D at Compugen he joined the Technion in 2001 and has been a faculty member there since. During this time he has important contributions to the discrete modeling and analysis of biological networks, providing insights about their functionality in spite of the relatively simple and highly efficient computational techniques. In addition, he contributed to the discovery of Photosynthesic reactions in viruses.

References

External links
 Personal home page
 Page on the Technion's site
 HP Labs Innovation Research Award recipient

1953 births
Hebrew Reali School alumni
Living people
Israeli bioinformaticians
Jewish scientists
Israeli Jews
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Swaged sleeve. A swaged sleeve is a connector that gets crimped using a hand tool and die (swaged).  This type of compressed sleeve is commonly used to make mechanical or conductive connections. These sleeves join or terminate wire rope, aircraft cable, synthetic cable, fibrous rope, or electrical conductor cables.

Oval swaged sleeve

When properly applied to 7×7, 7×19 or 6×19 IWRC classification wire rope, the eye-splice configuration termination provides a secured connection equal to the breaking strength of the wire rope. The product was originally developed for the US Military, patented in 1942 and currently used in a wide range of applications and industries including: aerospace, defense, marine, material handling, and structural applications.

The product which is used to make an eye splice is known as: Oval Sleeve, Figure 8 Sleeve, Hourglass Sleeve, Duplex Sleeve, Ferrule and Nicos.
Correct installation is critical to the performance of the product; this includes utilizing the correct tool groove and/or die, number of presses/bites, press sequence and gauging. Adhering to the manufacturer's instructions will avoid catastrophic failure.

Stop sleeve

The round stop sleeve is intended to be pressed on single wire or synthetic ropes, e.g. for use as an end stop.

Splicing sleeve
Electrical conductor splicing sleeves are designed to splice a range of conductors. Full tension sleeves are made of high conductivity copper, aluminum or steel with a specially bonded inner bore coating

Tools

A range of swaging tools are available to compress sleeves correctly. Tools range from manual pliers type and toggle-action to pneumatic, hydraulic and battery-operated hydraulic tools.

References

External links
Handbook of Oceanographic Winch, Wire and Cable Technology 
US Federal Specification RR-W-410 for Wire Rope and Strand

Cables
Wire
Fasteners
Fences
List of US aircraft losses to missiles during the Vietnam War. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. confirmed 206 aircraft lost to North Vietnamese surface-to-air missiles.

However, some of the U.S. aircraft "crashed in flight accidents", in fact, were lost to S-75 missiles. When landing at an airfield in Thailand, one B-52 was heavily damaged by a SAM, rolled off the runway and exploded on mines that had been installed around the airfield for protection from enemy attacks; only one crewman survived. Subsequently, this B-52 was counted as "crashed in flight accidents". According to Dana Drenkowski and Lester W. Grau, the number of U.S. aircraft lost, confirmed by the U.S. is uncorroborated since the U.S. figures are also suspect. If a plane was badly damaged, but managed to land, the USAF did not normally count it as an aerial combat loss, even if it was too damaged to fly again.

During the Vietnam war, the Soviet Union deployed missile operators along with 95 S-75 systems and 7,658 missiles to the North Vietnamese.  From 1965 thru 1967 Soviet missilemen downed nearly 50 U.S. attack or reconnaissance jet aircraft.  6,806 missiles were launched or removed because they were outdated (including 5,800 launches). In total, the U.S. lost 3,374 fixed wing aircraft in combat during the war; in both North and South Vietnam. According to the North Vietnamese, 31% were shot down by S-75 missiles (1,046 aircraft, or 6 missiles per one kill); 60% were shot down by anti-aircraft guns; and 9% were shot down by MiG fighters. The S-75 missile system significantly improved the effectiveness of North Vietnamese anti-aircraft artillery, which used data from S-75 radar stations

The following is a list of 205 U.S. aircraft lost to surface-to-air missiles during the Vietnam War (confirmed by the U.S.)

References

Sources

Axe, David. Drone War Vietnam. Pen & Sword, Military. Great Britain. 2021.
Davies, Peter. F-105 Wild Weasel Vs SA-2 "Guideline" SAM Vietnam 1965-1973. Osprey 2011.
 
 Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961-1973, 2001, Midland Publishing, Great Britain. .
Michel III, Marshal L. Clashes, Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965-1972. Naval Institute Press. 1997.

Aircraft losses
US aircraft losses|Aircraft losses, U.S.
Across Language Server. Across Language Server is a software platform for computer-assisted translation (CAT) that includes  features for the management of projects. The software is produced and sold by Across Systems GmbH, a company located and founded in Karlsbad in 2005 as a Corporate spin-off of Nero AG and which maintains an additional site in Glendale, California.

The functional principle is similar to the one SDL Trados, XTM and memoQ feature: Just like the server solutions of these two programs, Across Language Server also saves translation units or terminology entries (depending on the project's configuration) into a local or a central MSSQL database.

Besides the "Server", which is available in different versions, there is also a single-user version called Across Translator Edition, working with a local MS-SQL database. This single-user application is able to connect to the server, enabling to work on both local and Across-Server-based projects. Freelance translators can acquire the Basic Edition of the single-user version for free.

History 
Version 5 of the MS-SQL-database-based Across Language Server was launched in 2009. Version 6 of Across Language Server was released on 2 July 2014. Version 6.3 was introduced on 26 November 2015. Version 7.0 was introduced on 13 February 2019. In this version common machine translation systems were integrated (e.g. DeepL or SYSTRAN). Version 7 also allows users to concurrently open and edit multiple tasks within a project.

Reviews 
The software is mostly reviewed unfavourably, with users criticizing its design, usability and overall quality.

References

External links 
 Across Systems Website
 Functions of Across Language Server

Computer-assisted translation
Translation software