omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fairey P.12 Prince. The Fairey P.12 Prince was a British experimental 700 hp (520 kW) class V-12 aircraft engine designed and built by Fairey in the early 1930s. The engine did not go into production.

Design and development
The Prince was a privately funded project designed by Captain A.G. Forsyth, who had joined the Fairey company in 1931 as their chief engine designer. The company had hoped to obtain Air Ministry orders for the engine but faced opposition, with the ministry favouring Bristol and Rolls-Royce engines instead.

Three prototypes were built in secrecy; with the engines running by 1933, a single Prince was installed and test flown in a Fairey Fox II biplane in 1934, but no orders materialised.

Applications
Fairey Fox

Variants
P.12 Prince I or Prince V-12
650 hp (485 kW) - Unsupercharged
P.12 Prince II or Super Prince V-12S
720 hp (537 kW) projected - Fully supercharged

Specifications (Prince I)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links
Flight magazine 1955 Image of Prince installed in a Fairey Fox

Prince (V12)
1930s aircraft piston engines
V12 aircraft engines
Fairey P.16 Prince. The Fairey P.16 Prince was a British experimental 1,500 hp (1,118 kW) 16-cylinder H-type aircraft engine designed and built by Fairey in the late 1930s. The engine did not go into production.

Design and development
The Prince P.16 was a radical design by Captain A.G. Forsyth who was the Fairey company's chief engine designer. The Prince was an H engine, similar in layout to the Napier Rapier and later Napier Sabre. In an H engine, the cylinders are arranged vertically as two separate banks, each resembling a flat engine, and each with its own crankshaft, but sharing a common block. The crankshafts are then geared together to drive a common output shaft. While sharing a similar configuration, the Prince engine was more like a double-flat 8 engine, two engines sharing a common block, since rather than gearing the two crankshafts together, each had its own output shaft, driving contra-rotating propellers via separate shafts and gears. Each bank of cylinders could be shut down in flight to drive only one propeller, an idea that was reused much later in the Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba turboprop. The engine was test flown in a Fairey Battle.

The idea came from the desire to deliver high power in a reliable form for naval use. A conventional twin engined aircraft can provide more power than a single, and if an engine fails it can remain airborne on the remaining engine. Unfortunately, a conventional twin could not be designed so that it came within the size limits for aircraft carrier use on the cramped vessels of the era, even with wing folding; by combining two engines into a single engine block, each powering an independently-driven propeller installed fore-and-aft as contra-rotating units, you could get the power and engine-out safety of a twin engine aircraft in the envelope of a single engine aircraft. The added benefits included no dangerous asymmetrical thrust if one unit fails, as happens in a conventional twin that loses an engine, and the drag of both engine nacelles can be eliminated and combined within the cross-section of the fuselage.

Applications
Fairey Battle

Variants
P.16 Prince 3 or Prince H-16S
1,540 hp (1,148 kW)

Specifications (P.16 Prince 3)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 
 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links

Flightglobal archive - Image of Fairey Prince

Prince (H-16)
1930s aircraft piston engines
Le Sers Airfield. Le Sers Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia, about 3 km of As Sars, 130 km southwest of Tunis.  It was a temporary airfield constructed by Army Engineers using compacted earth for its runway, parking and dispersal areas. It was not designed for heavy aircraft or for long-term use. The prevailing temperatures in the area are some of the hottest in the world, making steel planking unsuitable for airfield use.

Its last known use was by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force in 1943 during the North African Campaign. The 31st Fighter Group flew Supermarine Spitfires from the airfield between 12  April and 15 May; the 52d Fighter Group flew P-40 Warhawks between 14  April and 21 May.

The fighter units moved out after the Tunisian Campaign ended to airfields closer to the coast and the airfield was closed and the airfield was dismantled. Today, there are no remaining traces of the airfield as the area around the town of As Sars consists largely of agricultural fields, which has obliterated much of the airfield. Today the remains of a runway are visible from satellite imagery.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Tunisia
Airports established in 1943
Korba Airfield. Korba Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Tunisia, located about 3 km west of Hamadet Bir Messaouda in Nabul province; 13 km north of Korbra, and 60 km east-southeast of Tunis.

Built by the US Army Corps of engineers, the airfield consisted of Pierced Steel Planking runways and parking and dispersal areas, with support structures quickly constructed out of wood or tents. Its last known use was by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force in 1943 during the Tunisian Campaign.  Units which used the airfield were the following:

 27th Fighter Bomber Group, June–July 1943, A-36 Apache
 31st Fighter Group, 15 May-30 June 1943, Spitfire
 86th Bombardment Group, 30 June-20 July 1943, A-20 Havoc

The airfield is also notable because many Italian Air Force airplanes landed at Korba in the days immediately following the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces in early September 1943. The Regia Aeronautica 8 Gruppo Macchi C.200 fighters landed at Korba on 8 September. Most were worn out and obsolete, no longer useful for combat, however Italian crews scrounged any parts that they could to keep their aircraft flying against the Germans. Later, the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force (ICBAF or ACI) was formed and incorporated these aircraft.

With the withdrawal of the Italian aircraft in late 1943, the airfield was dismantled. Today there are few or no remains of the airfield, as the area today consists primarily of agricultural fields, although scarring on the land, where the runways and other areas were, still can be seen in aerial photography.

References 

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Tunisia
Airports established in 1943
Ecker Flying Boat. The Ecker Flying Boat is an early American-built amphibious biplane.

Development
Herman Anthony Ecker of Syracuse, New York, designed and built a single-seat open-cockpit biplane in 1911. The following year, Ecker designed a two-seat open-cockpit biplane which he described at the time as a flying boat, although as it was fitted with wheels in the lower fuselage, it was technically an amphibian. The 1912 aircraft was based on the design of the Curtiss Owl and utilised an all-wooden construction with muslin covering on the fuselage and wings.

Operational history
Ecker flew the aircraft for three years before disassembling it for storage. It was reassembled in 1930 for exhibition at the New York State Fair. It was later acquired by the Smithsonian Institution as a static exhibit. After display at the Silver Hill, Maryland NASM restoration facility, it is currently exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum in central Washington DC.

Specifications (variant)

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Information on the Ecker Flying Boat, Aerofiles.com
 Ecker Flying Boat, National Air and Space Museum

1910s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
Amphibious aircraft
Project Valiant. Project Valiant was one of two early liquid-fueled missile projects developed by India, along with Project Devil in the 1970s. The goal of Project Valiant was to produce an intercontinental ballistic missile. Although discontinued in 1974 without achieving success, Project Valiant, like Project Devil, led to the later development of the Prithvi missile in the 1980s.

Development 
Both projects were overseen by the Defense Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL) of India, which had begun in 1958 with a specialization in anti-tank missiles but expanded in subsequent years. Project Valiant was intended to be an intercontinental ballistic missile utilizing 30-ton engines to achieve a range variously reported as  and . The secret project was initially funded with a few hundred thousand rupees after the presentation of a feasibility report in April 1971, but in June 1972, DRDL received 160 million rupees to fund both projects. The money came with a veil of secrecy; the Union Cabinet had publicly declined the funding request, but Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had granted it secretly through her discretionary powers. In turn, DRDL took pains to disguise the purpose of the funds so that their real work would not be immediately apparent. That year, the DRDL began to expand rapidly, increasing its workforce from 400 to 2,500 people over a two-year period in an effort to meet staffing needs of both the Valiant and Devil projects.

The Valiant missile was anticipated to weigh 85 tons and to use three liquid fuel stages. In 1972, the lab began to work on designing and developing various components for the Valiant, and the project reached the phase of ground testing on 10 May 1974. However, internal disputes disrupted the DRDL, as the leader of the Valiant project believed the DRDL's director was disproportionately invested in Project Devil, and external interest in both programs waned. That same year, the Union Cabinet asked the director of the DRDL to evaluate whether civilian uses could be found at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) for Valiant's liquid-fuel engine. The ISRO declined, and since the Valiant project was not progressing satisfactorily and it was not well-managed, the project was terminated.

Aftermath 
According to a 2006 article by Praful Bidwai in The Daily Star, Project Valiant "totally failed", while its sister project was a partial success. Though neither reached fruition, the projects were important precursors to the Prithvi missile developed in the 1980s.

See also

SS-45 Missile

References

External links
 frontierindia.net Valiant engine 

Ballistic missiles of India
Nuclear missiles of India
Christopher Hipp. Christopher G. Hipp (August 6, 1961 – July 14, 2009) was an American inventor and serial entrepreneur who received a patent for his invention of the blade server, a compact, stripped-down computer server that includes all of the necessary components to operate as a computer while taking up minimal space on a standard rack mount and minimizing power consumption.

Hipp was born in Houston. Raised in Dallas, he educated himself in the field of computers after he left college and pursued this avenue after seeing how technology would change the graphic design realm.

Until 2000, Hipp ran Digital Media Performance Labs, a Dallas-based company he founded in 1995 that served the technology needs of the graphics and video industry, selling the Silicon Graphics (SGI) line of high-performance computing workstations and software.

He established RLX Technologies in The Woodlands, Texas, near Houston, staffed primarily by former employees of Compaq. The company shipped the first blade server in 2000, a technology that allowed more computers to be packed into a smaller amount of space, with many using less power than comparable servers. IBM was an early investor and reseller of RLX's servers. A patent on what became known as the blade server was applied for on July 20, 2000, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office awarded patent number 6,411,506 for a "High density web server chassis system and method" on June 25, 2002, the first commercialized blade server architecture, to Hipp and David Kirkeby. Hewlett-Packard bought out RLX in October 2005, though Hipp stated that he had only earned $1 from the sale as his holdings had been diluted when stock was issued to venture capital firms to obtain the funding needed to get the business off the ground. By the time of his death, the blade server market had exceeded $5 billion in annual sales, much of it driven by efforts to cut energy costs.

Hipp focused on other ventures developing computer technology, most recently at D-Wave Systems, a start-up based in Burnaby, British Columbia, that announced a working prototype of quantum computer in 2007.

Mark Seager, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's head of advanced computing, described Hipp as a "visionary" looking to find "where the next industry innovation would come from and working... to make that happen".

Personal
A resident of Redwood City, California, Hipp died at age 48 on July 14, 2009, while cycling in nearby Palo Alto, having collapsed during his ride. Cause of death was a cardiac arrhythmia. He was survived by his brother, as well as by Lorraine Sneed, his partner of 15 years, who she later said "got him" when she asked Hipp on their first date "if he wanted to come see my SGI".

Hipp was described as a "semiprofessional cyclist" and had won a number of races in the Southwest. While competing in the 2009 Tour de France, Lance Armstrong released a Tweet of condolence on Hipp's death.

References

1961 births
2009 deaths
People from Dallas
People from Houston
People from Redwood City, California
20th-century American inventors
WindowBase. WindowBase was a database management system created by Software Products International (SPI) as the successor to its manager for MS-DOS, Open Access. Introduced in 1991, it was launched in Europe in 1992.  It cost $495 ($695 with the SDK for C).

The program incorporated functionalities such as a SDK for C and C++ and support for SQL. The interface offered, among other features: personalization of menus; tools for creating graphical representations of its output;  predefined groups of screen and print formats; and context sensitive help. Data could be exported to or imported from the dBase format, Btrieve format, or SPI's own Open Access format. In monoposition, it was compatible with the Microsoft SQL Server.

References

Proprietary database management systems
Kh-90. The Kh-90 GELA (, Hypersonic Experimental Flight Vehicle) is a Soviet/Russian air-to-surface hypersonic missile. It was supposed to replace subsonic intermediate range missiles in the Soviet inventory. The missile was an ambitious project, as the main objective was to develop it into a hypersonic missile. It was to be a successor to the Kh-45, which never entered service.

The missile was designed by Raduga. It was equipped with a one-megaton thermonuclear warhead and used inertial navigation with mid-course update via data link. It had a maximum range of 3,000 km.

It was developed at the beginning of 1980, following the Kh-80 and Kholod projects. It was shown to the public an MAKS Airshow 1995.

See also

Advanced Strategic Air-Launched Missile
Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile
Ra'ad
SOM
Ya-Ali
Shahab-3
Fajr-3
Shaheen-III
Ashoura (missile)
Sejjil
Ghauri-I
Ababeel

References

External links

DB A5-90 (Russian Language)

Nuclear cruise missiles of the Soviet Union
Air-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union
MKB Raduga products
Hypersonic missiles
Brian Harvey (lecturer). Brian Keith Harvey (born 1949) is a former Lecturer SOE of computer science at University of California, Berkeley. He and his students developed an educational programming language named UCBLogo which is free and open-source software, a dialect of the language Logo, as an interpreter, for learners. He now works on Snap!.

Education
He received his B.S. in mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1969, a M.S. in computer science, Stanford University, 1975, and a Ph.D. in science and mathematics education, University of California, Berkeley, 1985. He also received a M.A. in clinical psychology, New College of California, 1990.

Work
Until retiring in July 2013, Harvey taught introductory (lower-division) computer science courses at Berkeley, and CS 195, Social Implications of Computing. He was also involved in the development of the language Logo for the use in K-12 education.

Together with the German programmer Jens Mönig, Harvey designed the programming language Build Your Own Blocks (BYOB), and its successor Snap!, an extended version of the language Scratch, which added higher-order functions and true object-oriented inheritance for first-class sprites. With CS10, The Beauty and Joy of Computing at Berkeley he co-established the first course to use BYOB and spread it to other colleges and high schools.

Selected publications

References

External links
 , UC Berkeley
 CS 61A (The Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs) Webcasts

American computer scientists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Stanford University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
New College of California alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Living people
1949 births
Akaflieg Stuttgart fs25. The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs25, nicknamed Cuervo (Spanish: Raven) is a glider designed and built in Germany from 1968.

Development 
With the completion of the fs23 Hidalgo and flight testing it was found that some of the expected results were not forthcoming.
Through use of the UNIVAC 1107 computer, at the Institut für Statik und Dynamik of the University of Stuttgart, there was found to be no possible improvement of the wing section and arrangement of the fs23. The students  then concentrated on the fuselage of a new aircraft using the wing of the fs23 extended to 15m span, with drag reduced to a minimum by reducing the wetted area of the fuselage, as a whole, and reducing the sectional area dramatically aft of the wing. The long thin tail boom, constructed with aluminium alloy, was donated by VFW (Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke) at Speyer and attached to the tubular steel fuselage centre section structure.

Tests were carried out to define the best method of transferring loads between fibre-glass components and other materials. Rivetting had been used on the fs23 through reinforcement with birch plys, but the best results were obtained by re-inforcing with extra fibreglass plys and direct bonding without screws, bolts or rivets. The reduced cross-section front fuselage was constructed from fibreglass/balsa sandwich attached to the internal centre section tubular steel structure with a reclined seating position and plexiglass canopy hinging to the rear.

After the first flight, on 30 January 1968, Helmut Reichmann (world standard and 15m class champion) flew the fs25 in the German national gliding championship, where he demonstrated the harmony of the controls, agility and the excellent climb performance due to the high aspect ratio and low wing loading.

Development of the fs25 has been carried out in France at the ENSMA – Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et D'Aérotechnique as part of the Société Scientifique de Recherche et de Promotion du Planeur Léger. The ENSMA FS-25 F Cuervo has modifications to the internal structure as well as a retractable mainwheel, improved canopy and modified ailerons. A two-seat version has also been developed at ENSMA, as the ENSMA Two-seater.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

 Akaflieg Stuttgart website
 www.sailplanedirectory.com

1960s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1968
Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft
Sno-Freighter. The Sno-Freighter is a one-of-a-kind land vehicle designed by LeTourneau Technologies (now part of Cameron International) for Alaska Freight Lines in the 1950s. During that decade, Alaska Freight Lines won the contract to transport construction material to build the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW) in far northern Alaska and Canada. At the time, no roads crossed the Arctic Circle in North America, there were almost no runways for air transportation, and the polar ice cap prevented seaborne transport.

LeTourneau had built a series of prototype "land trains" for use in roadless environments, and Alaska Freight Lines contracted the company to build a special model for cold-climate transportation on January 5, 1954. The contract called for an off-road vehicle capable of transporting  of cargo in  temperatures, through  deep streams, and deep snowdrifts.

Using parts from its previous land trains, LeTourneau manufactured the Model VC-22 Sno-Freighter, completing it on February 17. It left the factory in Longview, Texas on March 16. The "locomotive" (serial # 5198)  of the Sno-Freighter contained two Cummins NHV-12BI V-12 diesel engines operating at 400 horsepower each. These engines drove 24 electric motors (one for each wheel on the locomotive and trailing cars). Each car (serials # 5199-5203) measured  in length and was  wide. They carried 30 tons each for a combined payload of 150 tons for the  long Sno-Freighter.

Its first trip under power was in the Fall of 1954, when Alaska Freight Lines began their 400-mile trek north from Fairbanks, Alaska to the Arctic Ocean. During its second trip north in the Fall of 1955, the Sno-Freighter jack-knifed and its engines burned just north of Eagle, Alaska. The cargo was off-loaded onto either "Cat" trains (Caterpillar bulldozers pulling cargo sleds) or one of the eleven 1956 Mack LRVSW semi trucks that Alaska Freight Lines had purchased to supplement the Sno-Freighter.

Today, the Sno-Freighter is abandoned and lies next to the Steese Highway in Fox, Alaska.

See also
Overland train

Notes

References
 *Orlemann, Eric C. LeTourneau Earthmovers. MBI Publishing Company, 2001. 
 *Orlemann, Eric C. . Iconografix, 2009. 
 *Bishop, Cliff . Publication Consultants, 2009. 
 *Holderith, Peter. The Incredible Story of the US Army's Earth-Shaking, Off-Road Land Trains.  The Drive, 2020.

External links
 

Off-road vehicles
Transportation in Alaska
Krauss-Maffei ML 500 C. The Krauss-Maffei ML 500 C industrial and works locomotive was built between 1954 and 1966 by Krauss-Maffei.

When the Wilhelmsburg Industrial Railway (Wilhelmsburger Industriebahn) was taken in 1962 two units ended up in the Deutsche Bundesbahn fleet and were incorporated in it as DB Class V 50. Because there were sufficient Class V 60 locomotives available at that time, the two 'loners' were sold in 1964.

No. V 50 001 joined the Verden-Walsrode Railway Company, which re-sold it in 1983 to the track construction firm of  NEWAG. In 1995 it was bought by the Scheufelen Oberlenningen paper factory. In 2003 the Württemberg  Private Railway Museum at Nürtingen (WPN) took over the former works engine. It is now stationed at Neuffen and is operated by the  Railway Vehicle Preservation Company (Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung von Schienenfahrzeugen) or GES.

See also 
 Deutsche Bundesbahn
 List of DB locomotives and railbuses

External links 
The Class ML 500 C at rangierdiesel.de

Deutsche Bundesbahn locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
C locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1954
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Diesel–hydraulic locomotives of Germany
Shunting locomotives