omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Leaded copper. Leaded copper is a metal alloy of copper with lead. A small amount of lead makes the copper easier to machine. Alloys with a larger amount of lead are used for bearings. Brass and bronze alloys of copper may have lead added and are then also sometimes referred to as leaded copper alloys. Leaded copper and its alloys have been used since ancient times.

Applications

Leaded copper alloys are used to make electrical connectors and mechanical bearings, especially in the automotive industry where high performance and reliability are required. Mechanical bearings can have high lead content. Such high lead content alloys are unsuitable for welding or brazing.

Machined alloys
Alloys with around 2-4% lead are used for machined copper applications, where the lead content lubricates the copper and makes it easier to machine. These include high-quality electrical connectors where a high current capacity and low electrical resistance are required. Such connectors are used in industrial automation and the automotive industry. Brasses (copper alloyed with zinc) may also be leaded for the same reason.

Cast and sintered alloys
High-strength casting copper alloys typically contain less than 2% lead. Bearing alloys are often cast or sintered onto a steel backing. Softer alloys with a higher lead content are also used, for example in bushes where conformance to the opposite bearing surface is important.

Some casting alloys have over 20% lead content but, due to their toxicity, they are no longer used.

Toxicity
When lead alloys wear, lead is released into the environment. It is a toxic heavy metal and in recent times the use of leaded copper alloys has been reduced.

History
Signs of leaded copper use are found in the manufacture of ancient Egyptian faience. By 1500 BC leaded copper could be found across the Old World from East Asia to Africa and Europe.

Enigmatic entries in a Chinese manuscript, the Kao Gong Ji dating from around 300 BC, were deciphered by scholars in 2022, and seem to indicate that a pre-prepared copper-lead alloy named Xi may have been used in the preparation of ancient bronzes. Another copper-tin-lead alloy named Jin was also tentatively identified as a pre-prepared component of Chinese bronzes. This part of the manuscript relates to an attempt to standardise the quality of bronze manufacture.

References

Notes

Bibliography
Aalco brochure, Pages 70-85.
Jean-Marie Welter; Leaded Copper Alloys for Automotive Applications: A Scrutiny, European Copper Institute, 2014.

Copper alloys
Lead alloys
WS2600. The WS2600 is a 22.5 ton 10x10 transporter erector launcher (TEL) used by the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force of the People's Republic of China. It is, along with the smaller WS2500, one of the principal mobility platforms in mounting China's medium-range ballistic missiles.

It is a general purpose heavy duty missile transporter developed from the original WS2500 and is built by Wanshan Special Vehicle. Its other contemporary is the larger HTF5680A1.

Description
The WS2600 is a heavy duty TEL co-developed by a joint Chinese and Belarusian venture. The WS2600 is slightly bigger than the WS2500 and a larger version of the original WS2400 with an additional axle to support the increased payload.

Due to its larger size, the WS2600 is able to carry much heftier missiles, of which its most common payload is the DF-21C medium-range ballistic missile and the DF-21D anti-ship ballistic missile. Both the WS2500 and WS2600 form one of the main TEL carriers of China's MRBM and ASBM stockpiles.

Like the WS2500, the TEL has a 4-door cab, which allows the WS2600 to easily accommodates the driver and 7 additional passengers.

See also
WS2300
WS2400
WS2500
HTF5680A1

References

Military trucks of China
Military vehicles of the People's Republic of China
Missile launchers
Gulfstar 43. The Gulfstar 43 is an American sailboat that was designed by Vince and Richard Lazarra as a cruiser and first built in 1971.

Production
The design was built by Gulfstar Yachts in the United States, between 1971 and 1978, but it is now out of production.

Design

The Gulfstar 43 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig or optional ketch rig, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed long keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard long keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a British Perkins Engines diesel engine. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

Variants
Gulfstar 43 MS
This model was introduced in 1971 and ten were built before production ended in 1973. It has a length overall of , a waterline length of  and a beam of . The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and a hull speed of .
Gulfstar 43
This model was introduced in 1976 and 80 were built before production ended in 1978. It has a length overall of , a waterline length of  and a beam of . The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and a hull speed of .
Gulfstar 43 Mark II
Improved model.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Hunter 44
C&C 44
Nordic 44

References

External links

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Vince Lazarra
Sailboat type designs by Richard Lazarra
Sailboat types built by Gulfstar Yachts
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. The Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1989 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers research and best practices concerns on development, processing, evaluation, applications, and performance of construction materials in civil engineering. It consists of four sections: cementitious material, asphalt, geo-materials, and hybrids (which encompass steel, timber, masonry, and composite materials).

Abstracting and indexes
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest databases, Civil engineering database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.

References

External links

 
Civil engineering journals 
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Monthly journals
Materials science journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1989
Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering. The Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers foundations, retaining structures, soil dynamics, slope stability, dams, earthquake engineering, environmental geotechnics, geosynthetics, groundwater monitoring, and coastal and geotechnical ocean engineering. Papers on new and emerging topics within the general discipline of geotechnical engineering are encouraged, as well as theoretical, practice-oriented papers and case studies.

History
The journal began publication in 1956, but its origin goes back to the publication of the first volume of Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1892.

The journal changed names in 1996. If was formerly known as the Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.

Indexes
The journal is indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest, Civil engineering database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCOHost.

References

External links

Engineering journals
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Metal–inorganic framework. Metal–inorganic frameworks (MIFs) are a class of compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to inorganic ligands to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures.  They are a subclass of coordination polymers, with the special feature that they are often porous. They are inorganic counterpart of Metal–organic frameworks.


History 
Millon's base which have been known since early 20th century, can be considered as MIFs.

Linkers 
MIF with Borazocine linker was developed for hydrogen storage.  Cu2I2Se6 has Se6 linkers. There are many MIFs with pnictogen linkers.

References 

Crystal engineering
Porous media
Coordination polymers
Inorganic compounds
Jean Mercier. Jean Mercier may refer to:

 Jean Mercier (engineer) (1901–1971), French engineer
 Jean Le Mercier (died 1397), French politician, advisor to kings Charles V and Charles VI
 Jean Mercier (Hebraist) (died 1570), French Hebraist
 Jean Ernest Mercier (1840–1907), French translator, historian and politician

See also
 Jean Mercer (fl. 1950s–2010s), American developmental psychologist and professor
Gada Kadoda. Gada Kadoda () is a Sudanese Engineer and associate professor at Garden City College for Science and Technology. She teaches at the University of Khartoum, where she introduced a course in knowledge management. She has previously served as President of the Sudanese Knowledge Society. She was selected as one of the BBC 100 Women in 2019.

Early life and education 
Kadoda studied computer science at the University of Khartoum in 1991. She moved to the United Kingdom after graduating, where she studied information systems at City, University of London. She moved to Loughborough University for her doctoral studies, where she worked in software engineering.

Research and career 
As a postdoctoral researcher she joined Bournemouth University, where she worked on data mining and prediction. She moved to Imperial College London to develop data analysis and visualisation tools in 2001. Here she became interested in innovation, knowledge transfer and collaborations.

In 2003 Kadoda joined the University of the West Indies as a lecturer in computer science. She has since trained as a Certified Knowledge Manager and has served as President of the Sudanese Knowledge Society. She worked with two universities, the Sudan University of Science and Technology and University of Khartoum, to introduce innovation programs that support students in their entrepreneurial efforts. She is working to convert this activity into a stand-alone UNICEF Innovation Laboratory.

Kadoda was a founding member of Mehen, a training centre for women. She has called for decolonial and feminist education in Sudanese schools and universities, as well as leading anti-racist workshops. She is a member of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease and Sudan National Information Centre, as well as organising the Sudanese Equitable Futures Network. She delivered a TED talk in Khartoum in 2011.

In 2014 Kadoda was selected as One to Watch by UNICEF. She was selected as one of BBC's 100 Women in 2019.

Selected publications 
Her publications include;

References 

Living people
Sudanese women academics
Sudanese women
University of Khartoum alumni
Academic staff of the National University of Kharkiv
Alumni of City, University of London
Alumni of Loughborough University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nelson Tyler. Nelson Tyler is an engineer and inventor.

He was the designer and inventor of the PWC, Wetbike.  A personal watercraft that rides like a motorcycle.  He has developed gyro-stabilized camera systems for aerial use and won an Academy Award in 2005 for one designed to be used on a boat.  He developed a personal rocket pack which was used at the 1984 Olympics and in subsequent stunt flights.  He has developed jet packs for JetPack Aviation and is now working on an electric-powered personal air vehicle.

References

External links
 Jet Pack Dreamers – BBC documentary
 Tyler Camera Systems – details of his camera mounts and patents

American aerospace engineers
Jet pack
Recipients of the Scientific and Engineering Academy Award
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
TNCA Serie H. The TNCA Serie H "Parasol" was a Mexican bomber and reconnaissance aircraft manufactured by the Talleres Nacionales de Construcciones Aeronáuticas (TNCA). It was a high-wing monoplane (which was very unusual at the time), which allowed better speed performance. It was one of the first aircraft models made by TNCA and was designed as a "Technology Tester", in order to improve the designs of subsequent models. Its design was very similar to the Morane-Saulnier L, especially the design of the landing gear, mast and the controls of the rudders, however the fuselage structure was made of metal tubes. It was powered by a 60 HP TNCA Aztatl six cylinders air cooled engine, with an Anáhuac propeller.

The aircraft did not have fixed weapons, however side-shot machine guns could be mounted, and bombs could be carried under the fuselage.

One example of the Serie H is preserved at the Mexican Air Force Museum (Museo Militar de Aviacion) in Santa Lucía.

Specifications

References

External links
SEDENA

1910s Mexican military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Mexico
Aircraft first flown in 1916
High-wing aircraft
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. The Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of air, highway, rail, and urban transportation systems and infrastructure. Papers on road, bridge, and transit management; and transportation systems are encouraged, as well as those on connected and autonomous vehicles; highway engineering and economics, safety and environmental aspects of transportation.

History
The journal modified its name in 2017, with the launch of the Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements.

Indexes
The journal is indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest, Civil engineering database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCOHost.

References

External links

Transportation journals
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Publications with year of establishment missing
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements. The Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of airport, roadway and other pavement systems. Papers that cover pavement design, materials, modeling, performance, and environmental aspects are encouraged.

History
The ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering was split into two parts in 2017. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems covers road, bridge, and transit management; while Part B is devoted to all things pavement related.

Indexes
The journal is indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest, Civil engineering database, INSPEC, Scopus, and EBSCOHost.

References

External links

Transportation journals
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Publications with year of establishment missing
Journal of Construction Engineering & Management. The Journal of Construction Engineering and Management is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers covering construction material handling, equipment, production planning, scheduling, estimating, labor productivity, contract administration, and construction management.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest databases, Civil Engineering Database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases.

References

External links

Civil engineering journals
American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Academic journals established in 1956
English-language journals
Monthly journals
DFDT. Difluorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DFDT) is a chemical compound. Its composition is the same as that of the insecticide DDT, except that two of DDT's chlorine atoms are replaced by two fluorine atoms.

DFDT was developed as an insecticide by German scientists during World War II. It is possible that Hoechst wanted to avoid license fees for DDT to Schering or the original developer J. R. Geigy (the later Ciba-Geigy). It was documented by Allied military intelligence, but for Americans it remained in obscurity after the war.

In 2019, New York University chemists reported that DFDT and a mono-fluorinated derivative, MFDT, might be a more effective insecticide than DDT, and might therefore be used to combat malaria with less of an environmental impact. A later study of DFDT found it to be encumbered by the same resistance as DDT while being less effective in Drosophila melanogaster, and "unlikely to be a viable public health vector control insecticide".

References

DDT
Fluoroarenes
Endocrine disruptors
Organochloride insecticides
Trichloromethyl compounds
Extra NG. The Extra NG is a two-seat German aerobatic monoplane designed by Walter Extra and built by Extra Aerobatic Aircraft.

Design and development
The NG is a two-seat low wing cantilever monoplane of carbon fibre construction. It has a fixed landing gear with a tail wheel and an enclosed cockpit with two seats in tandem (pilot in the rear and a passenger in the front). It is powered by a Textron-Lycoming AEIO-580-B1A engine with either a three or four-bladed tractor propeller.

The aircraft was presented to the public on 22 July 2019 at AirVenture. It received an EASA Type Certificate on 11 October 2019.

Specification

References

NG
2010s German sport aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
LC80. The educational computer LC80 was a single-board computer manufactured in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and intended for teaching purposes. It was the first computer that retail customers could buy in the GDR.

History and development 
The development of the LC 80 started in 1983. At the Leipzig Trade Fair in the spring of 1984 it was presented to the public. Early in 1985 the LC80 was on the market, making it the first computer available to retail customers in the GDR. The computers Z 9001 and HC 900 that had been shown at the same spring fair, could not be manufactured in sufficient quantity and were thus available only to educational institutions.

The production probably ended around 1986/87.

Technical details 
The LC80 was programmed by entering hexadecimal machine codes via a built-in 25-key calculator keyboard (16 hexadecimal keys, 7 function keys, NMI, Reset). Programs could be saved and loaded via cassette tape or EPROM. Beside the CPU the board contained two PIO and one CTC integrated circuits as well as 1 KB of RAM and 2 KB of ROM.

Interfaces:
 cassette tape interface
 12 programmable input / output lines, 4 Handshake lines, and 7 CTC lines
 CPU-bus (unbuffered)

Export version 
Based on a request from the United Kingdom, an export variant was developed. This version differed from the conventional LC80 in the following details:
 wooden cabinet
 12 KB ROM
 4 KB RAM
 keyboard template for chess program  SC-80  (similar to the East German chess computer SC2)
As the order from abroad did not come through in the end, only samples were manufactured of this version.

Software and applications
Except for the operating system, no software was included. The manufacturer published a series of three booklets that contained software as hexadecimal machine code listings.
Software and applications were published in journals such as Funkamateur (Morse code trainer) and Radio Fernsehen Elektronik (EPROM programmer, robot model control). Given the limited availability of computers in East Germany, the LC80 was even used to control scales underground in a potash mine.

See also 
Other microprocessor development systems with a hexadecimal display and hexadecimal program entry: MEK6800D2 (1976), KIM-1 (1976), TK-80 (1976), MK14 (1977), Acorn System 1 (1979), Micro-Professor MPF-I (1981), PMI-80 (1982), TEC-1 (1983)

References

External links 
 Homepage of Volker Pohlers with LC80 section (in German)
 LC80 at robotrontechnik.de (in German)
 LC80 at homecomputermuseum.de (in German)
 Online LC 80 emulator

Computer-related introductions in 1984
Z80-based home computers
Computers designed in Germany
Home computers
Goods manufactured in East Germany
Science and technology in East Germany
Early microcomputers
Sea Teziutlán. The Sea Teziutlán was a primary training aircraft designed by the engineer Antonio Sea and built by Talleres Generales de Aeronáutica Militar.

Design and development
In 1940 General Roberto Fierro Villalobos was re-appointed as commander of the Mexican Air Force and director of the Talleres Generales de Reparaciones Aeronáuticas (TGAM, General Workshops of Military Aeronautics), which were formerly called "Talleres Nacionales de Construcciones Aeronáuticas (TNCA)", taking the initiative to finance an aircraft project designed by the engineer Antonio Sea, which would be built in the workshops of Teziutlán, Puebla (hence its name).

It was a design of two open cabins in tandem configuration, with fuselage built in metal and wings made of wood with fixed landing gear. It was powered by a 125-horsepower Lycoming O-290 4-cylinder air-cooled horizontally opposed piston engine. With the exception of the engine, the aircraft had 95% of parts manufactured in Mexico.

The first flight was completed on February 24, 1942, satisfactorily fulfilling many requirements, so the Mexican government ordered the construction of 50 copies of this model. However, when Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez was appointed as the new commander of the Air Force, the serial production of the Teziutlan was discontinued, with only 6 copies completed, which operated in various training squadrons of the Mexican Air Force.

The reason why Teziutlán was discontinued was because it was apparently cheaper to buy Fairchild PT-19 aircraft than to continue with the production of Mexican aircraft.

Specifications

References

External links
SEDENA

Aircraft manufactured in Mexico
Mexican military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft