omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 404 (Urdu: پی آئی اے پرواز 404) was a Fokker F27 Friendship that disappeared shortly after takeoff on 25 August 1989. The aircraft presumably crashed somewhere in the Himalayas, Pakistan. All 54 people on board were lost and presumed dead.

Disappearance 
At 07:36, the flight took off from the northern city of Gilgit, Pakistan on its way to the national capital Islamabad. One of the pilots of the aircraft made a routine radio call at 07:40; this was the last communication with the aircraft. The aircraft is thought to have crashed in the Himalayas, but the wreckage has never been found. It is speculated that the civilian aircraft was deliberately shot down by the Indian Army with an anti-aircraft missile, fired from a base along the Line of Control.

Aircraft
The aircraft was a Fokker F27-200 Friendship turboprop airliner, serial number 10207, built in 1962 and registered as AP-BBF. It had accumulated approximately 44,524 hours of flying time; and 41,524 cycles (the number of times the aircraft had been pressurized) at the time of the accident.

Search operation 
After the disappearance, several aerial search missions were launched by the Pakistani military during the first three or four days. Later, land search parties were organized, comprising civilian and armed forces personnel. These searched the area around the  mountain Nanga Parbat, but found nothing.

See also 
List of missing aircraft
List of aviation accidents

References

Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Pakistan International Airlines accidents and incidents
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1989
Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan
Accidents and incidents involving the Fokker F27
Missing aircraft
1989 in Pakistan
August 1989 in Pakistan
Equalising beam. An equalising beam, equalising lever or equalising bar (British: compensating beam) links the suspension of two or more adjacent axles of a vehicle, especially a railway locomotive.

On steam locomotives

On steam locomotives, the beam is connected at each end to a spring on an axle or to the end of another equalising beam (usually via a vertical spring hanger) to distribute the locomotive's weight between two or more axles. An equalising system links not only the driving-wheel axles but also the trailing and/or leading truck axle(s). Its purpose is to prevent inequalities in the track or roadbed putting an excessive load on an axle. There is one system on each side of the locomotive; on some steam locomotives, there may also be a transverse equalising system connecting them.

On diesel locomotives
On a contemporary diesel locomotive, equalising is confined to each bogie (US: truck); there is no linkage between bogies, which are inherently flexible compared with steam locomotive frames. Coil springs, matched to the weight bearing on the equalising beam, are a crucial element of the design.

On rolling stock
As with locomotives, equalising on rolling stock bogies aims to minimise reactionary force being transmitted to the rails because of track irregularities, which would occur if the axles were mounted rigidly. In addition, equalising beams and other linkages are configured to improve riding qualities for the comfort of passengers. Although features such as airbag springing and motion feedback devices on individual axles have featured in recent designs, currently the most prevalent designs are a mix of equalising beam, coil springs, hydraulic dampers, swing links and torsion bars. The most common designs throughout the world are variants of the  "Commonwealth" bogie/truck manufactured by the successor company to the Commonwealth Steel Company, of Granite City, Illinois, United States. It has exceptional riding qualities. The photo shows a Commonwealth bogie on a South Australian Railways Bluebird railcar, first manufactured under licence in 1954 by Bradford Kendall, Sydney, Australia. The central element is the equalising beam, on which a spring set (with an inner and an outer coil) rests at each end. Other components are, from left to right: an axlebox with roller bearing; a pair of swing links and short beam supporting a nest of coil springs and a vertical hydraulic motion damper; and a horizontal torsion bar. An air-brake cylinder is to the far right.

References

See also 
Semmens, P.W.B. and Goldfinch A.J. (2003). How Steam Locomotives Really Work, Oxford and New York, OUP, pp. 242-243. .

Automotive suspension technologies
Rail technologies
3 ft gauge railways in the United Kingdom. A list of  narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom.

The worldwide usage of locomotives on railways, including  gauge railways, has its origins in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century during the Industrial Revolution. In fact, in 1802, a  gauge plateway-type railway owned by the Coalbrookdale Company in England became the first railway in the world to have a locomotive designed and built for it. The locomotive's designer, Richard Trevithick, is credited with making the first recorded successful demonstration of a locomotive on rails (in 1804 on a different railway in Wales).  gauge locomotive-powered railways, along with other narrow-gauge railways of varying widths, would later become one of the most common railway gauges chosen for short-distance lines in the British Isles, such as those found in mines and industrial sites (see table below).

Railways

See also

British narrow-gauge railways
Heritage railway
2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways in the United Kingdom
2 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United Kingdom
3 ft gauge railroads in the United States
Three foot six inch gauge railways in the United Kingdom

References

External links
Southend Pier Railway - official website
Llechwedd Slate Caverns - official website
Joachim Giæver. Joachim Gotsche Giæver (15 August 1856 – 29 May 1925) was a Norwegian born, American civil engineer who designed major structures in the United States.

Biography
Joachim Gotsche Giæver was born at the village of Jøvik at Lyngen Municipality in Troms, Norway. He was the youngest of eight children born to Jens Holmboe Giæver (1813–1884) and Hanna Birgithe Holmboe (1821–1903). His father was a leader in the local fishing industry. Giæver entered the Norwegian Institute of Technology () at Trondheim from which he was graduated in 1881 with the degree of Civil Engineer.

He migrated to the United States in 1882, where he found employment as a draftsman at Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad in St. Paul, Minnesota.  In 1883, he went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to work as a  draftsman and later civil engineer for the Schiffler Bridge & Iron Co. where he designed several bridges over the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.  He was married in New York during 1883 to Louise C. Schmedling of Trondhjem, Norway.

In 1886, he designed the structural framework for the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). His work involved design computations, detailed fabrication and construction drawings, as well as oversight of construction. In completing his engineering for the statue’s frame, he worked from drawings and sketches produced by the designer, Gustave Eiffel. In 1891, he went to Chicago to become Assistant Chief Engineer of the World’s Columbian Exposition. In 1898, he became Chief Engineer for the firm of D. H. Burnham & Company, a position he held  until 1915.

In 1916, he entered into partnership with Frederick P. Dinkelberg to form the  architectural and engineering firm of Giaver and Dinkelberg.  Later with the architect firm of Thielbar and Furgard; Giaver and Dinkleberg, he assisted with the design on the 35 East Wacker Building (also known as the Jewellers' Building)  located in downtown Chicago. Designed during 1924 with construction finished during 1926, at the time it was America's largest building outside of New York City.

He was a trustee of the Norwegian American Hospital in Chicago, President of the Chicago Norske Klub and a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. He was decorated as a Knight, 1st class of the Order of St. Olav in 1920.

References

Other sources
Bjork, Kenneth O. (1947) Saga in Steel and Concrete - Norwegian Engineers in America (Northfield, Minnesota: Norwegian-American Historical Association)
Hines, Thomas S. (2008) Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner (University of Chicago Press) 

1856 births
1925 deaths
People from Lyngen
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
American engineers
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
19th-century American architects
20th-century American architects
Chicago school architects
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
Dalia Power Station. The Dalia power station is a power station located approximately 2 km southeast of Kfar Menahem, Israel, nearby Tel Tzafit.

Owned by Dalia Energies, Ltd., an Israeli holding company, it is the largest independent power station in the country. It can generate up to a total of 870 megawatts (MW) of electricity which is sold to the IEC and to large industrial/institutional customers through the IEC's distribution grid.

The station is located adjacent to the IEC's Tzafit power complex, a major switching junction in the national electrical grid that also houses several existing IEC-owned and operated turbines with a total generation capacity of 615MW.

The Dalia power station consists of two Alstom KA26 single-shaft combined cycle power plant packages, each containing a GT26 gas turbine, STF15C steam turbine, generator and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Alstom is also tasked with designing and constructing the station, then operating and maintaining it over a 20-year period. Additionally, Dalia Energies has requested permission from the electric authority to conduct a feasibility study for adding additional generation units to the station.

The station's primary fuel is natural gas, with light fuel oil acting as a backup fuel. The plant's owners have committed to purchasing at least 1.4 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas annually from the offshore Tamar gas field to power the station.

Dalia 2 
In December 2024, Dalia Energy Companies signed a memorandum of understanding with Bank Leumi and Bank Discount for financing of approximately 4.25 billion NIS to establish a new power generation unit at the Tzafit site, with a capacity of 630 to 900 megawatts. The planned station will be based on an advanced H-class gas turbine, offering an energy efficiency of 63%, one of the highest in Israel.

References

Natural gas-fired power stations in Israel
Belt manlift. A belt manlift or manlift is a device for moving passengers between floors of a building. It is a simple belt with steps or platforms and handholds rather than an elevator with cars. Its design is similar to that of a paternoster lift. The belt is a loop that moves in a single direction, so one can go up or down by using the opposite sides of the loop. The belt moves continuously, so one can simply get on when a step passes and step off when passing any desired floor without having to call and wait for a car to arrive. 

Although not technically a paternoster, it has many of the same design features and hazards associated with its use. There are several companies still making belt manlifts. They are used in grain elevators and parking garages where space is limited. In Canada, manlifts were retrofitted in the early 1990s with safety features after fatal accidents. Safety concerns have led to a decline in their use.

In popular culture 
The opening sequence of the 1978 film The Driver features Ryan O'Neal ascending through a parking garage on a manlift. The film Our Man Flint (1966) features an operational manlift within the volcanic island complex, shot at the LADWP Scattergood Generating Station. Hitman Bruce Willis dispatches a bookie from a manlift, while ascending through a parking garage in the opening scene of Lucky Number Slevin.

In the parking garage scene of Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, a yellow operational manlift can be seen in the background just as the three teenagers pull in, before they get out of the Ferrari to pass the car keys to the valet.

See also
Man engine

References

External links 
 Endless Belt Manlifts

Elevators
 Vertical transport devices
Progressive Aerodyne Stingray. The Progressive Aerodyne Stingray is an American homebuilt flying boat that was designed by and produced by Progressive Aerodyne of Orlando, Florida, introduced in the 1990s. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Stingray features a strut-braced parasol wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, retractable conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from a combination of metal tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth doped aircraft fabric and a reinforced fiberglass hull. Its  span wing has a wing area of  and is supported by a central pylon behind the cockpit, "V" struts and jury struts. The wing also mounts outrigger pontoons that provide stability on the water. The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Rotax 447 twin cylinder, two stroke powerplant.

The Stingray has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off on land with a  engine is  and the landing roll is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 350 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that five aircraft were completed and flying.

In January 2014 four examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although a total of nine had been registered at one time.

Specifications (Stingray)

See also
List of flying boats and floatplanes

References

Stingray
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Flying boats
ArkOS. arkOS was a Linux distribution based on Arch Linux, designed primarily for hosting web sites and services on cheap ARM-based devices such as Raspberry Pi, Cubieboard 2, Cubietruck or BeagleBone Black, with plans to expand to other platforms such as x86. It was in operation from 2014 to 2017.

History 
Jacob Cook, arkOS' primary developer, originally conceived the idea of arkOS after realizing the extensive amount of time it required to set up his own self-hosted services. He explained it by saying: "I had a good deal of experience with Linux and system administration, but it still took a huge amount of time and research to get the services I wanted set up, and secured properly." Cook aims to reduce dependence from cloud services and make data collection harder.

As of March 2014, arkOS was in its developing stages. The creator of arkOS had also set up CitizenWeb organization, which was responsible for the development of the operating system. CitizenWeb also solicited money through a successful crowdsourcing campaign to finish the platform.

In April 2017 arkOS was discontinued, with the lack of resources as the principal reason. The source code remains available on GitHub.

See also 

 FreedomBox
 List of Linux distributions

References 

Arch-based Linux distributions
Pacman-based Linux distributions
Linux distributions
European Magnetic Field Laboratory. The European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL) gathers the efforts of three laboratories in Germany, France, and the Netherlands: the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD), the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI) in Grenoble and Toulouse and the High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML) in Nijmegen. EMFL was an initiative of Prof. Jan Kees Maan, former director of HFML in Nijmegen.

Research in the high field magnets of the EMFL leads to new insights in material properties. Any kind of material can be explored in a high magnetic field, for example superconductors, biological molecules and nanostructures. This project is financially supported by the European Commission.

The “ISABEL” project is a four-year project (2020-2024) of eighteen partners, funded within Horizon 2020 and coordinated by LNCMI. The principal goal of this project is to ensure the long-term sustainability of the EMFL and define a roadmap for its future development.

The “SuperEMFL” project runs for four years (2021-2024), likewise funded within Horizon 2020 and coordinated by LNCMI. The project is a design study aiming at the development of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) technology, providing the EMFL with much higher superconducting fields and novel superconducting magnet geometries.

Mission 
It is the mission of the EMFL to generate the highest possible magnetic fields for use in scientific research and make them available to the scientific community. The EMFL provides pulsed (in Toulouse and Dresden) as well as static magnetic fields (Grenoble and Nijmegen).

A call for proposal is launched twice a year for users to get access to the facilities. The best projects are chosen by a European selection committee, composed of experts from around the world.

The three laboratories 
 HFML (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) is operated by the Radboud University (RU) and the Dutch Research Council (NWO). Its director is Prof. Dr. Peter Christianen
 HLD (Dresden, Germany) is part of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. Its director is Prof. Dr. Joachim Wosnitza.
 LNCMI (Grenoble & Toulouse, France) is a laboratory of the CNRS, associated to several universities: UJF, INSA and UPS. Continuous field are available in Grenoble and pulsed field in Toulouse. The LNCMI is managed by Dr. Charles Simon.

Klaus von Klitzing discovered the Quantum Hall effect at the LNCMI (Nobel prize of Physics of 1985).
 Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov have been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics 2010 for the discovery of graphene, the thinnest material in the world. They explored the material in the High Field Magnet Laboratory.

References 

Science and technology in Europe
European Union and science and technology
Science and technology in Grenoble
Selective heat sintering. Selective heat sintering (SHS) is a type of additive manufacturing process. It works by using a thermal printhead to apply heat to layers of powdered thermoplastic. When a layer is finished, the powder bed moves down, and an automated roller adds a new layer of material which is sintered to form the next cross-section of the model. SHS is best for manufacturing inexpensive prototypes for concept evaluation, fit/form and functional testing. SHS is a Plastics additive manufacturing technique similar to selective laser sintering (SLS), the main difference being that SHS employs a less intense thermal printhead instead of a laser, thereby making it a cheaper solution, and able to be scaled down to desktop sizes.

References 

3D printing processes
Thermoplastics
Karl Ljungberg. Karl Johan Ljungberg (22 November 1868 – 11 July 1943) was a Swedish civil engineer who was a professor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He also represented his native country at the 1908 Summer Olympics in Ryde, Isle of Wight, Great Britain in the 8 Metre keelboat, placing fifth.

References

Further reading
 

1868 births
1943 deaths
Engineers from Stockholm
Swedish civil engineers
Sailors at the 1908 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Sweden
20th-century Swedish engineers
Yang Hua. Yang Hua (; born 1963) is a Chinese business executive who was CEO of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). Concurrently, he served as Director and Vice Chairman of the Board. Prior to his appointment as CEO, he was employed by CNOOC in such positions as Manager of the Reservoir Engineering Department, Research Center Project Manager, Director of the Overseas Development Department, Deputy Chief Geologist, and CFO. Yang received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Petroleum Engineering from China University of Petroleum (Beijing) in 1982, and an MBA degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management. Following his resignation as CEO, he was succeeded by Li Fanrong.

References

Chinese business executives
China National Offshore Oil Corporation
Living people
1963 births
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems. The International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems (CIPS) is biennially held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany. The conference has its origin in the Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) and first took place in 2000. Since 2004, conference papers are available through IEEE Xplore. The conference grows continually: in 2014 292 engineers and scientists attended the conference, 24% more than 2012.
 
CIPS focuses on the following main aspects:

 electronic packaging technologies 
 hybrid systems and high Power density integration 
 reliability of systems and components 
 mechatronic integration
 reduction of parasitic elements in power modules

Technology conferences
Nidec-Shimpo America Corporation. NIDEC-SHIMPO America Corporation is the North American subsidiary of Japan-based NIDEC-SHIMPO Corporation. NIDEC-SHIMPO is a manufacturer of planetary, worm, hypoid, bevel, strain wave and cycloidal gears.

Affiliated companies

NIDEC Corporation 
With annual sales exceeding $15 Billion for the fiscal year 2022, the NIDEC Corporation (NYSE:NJ) is a provider of small, mid-size motors and related drive technologies. Founded in 1973 by current Chairman of the Board and CEO, Shigenobu Nagamori, the NIDEC Corporation has a portfolio of motors for hard disk drives and for fans used in consumer appliances or automotive applications. The NIDEC Group consists of more than 150 corporate subsidiaries around the globe. The group totals more than 100,000 employees that are supplying products and services to customers in more than 30 countries. The NIDEC Group companies can be categorized into the following business segments: Motors, Machinery, Optical & Electronic Components, Other (Services & logistics).

NIDEC America Corporation 
The U.S. subsidiary of NIDEC Corporation with offices in Massachusetts, Connecticut, California, Colorado and Minnesota. NIDEC America Corporation consist of technologies to meet the thermal management and motion control needs of the world's designers and manufactures of IT, business equipment, automotive, industrial, and consumer electronic products.

NIDEC-SHIMPO 
Created in 1952, SHIMPO located its corporate headquarters and main production facility in Kyoto, Japan where it remains today. NIDEC-SHIMPO is a supplier of power transmission drive technology, instrumentation and ceramics equipment to the industrial marketplace.

Nidec-Minster 
The Minster Machine Company has corporate headquarters and manufacturing plant in Minster, Ohio. The Nidec Minster Corporation is a supplier of equipment and services for the material forming industry. Minster provides mechanical power presses; feeds; straighteners; reels; coil cars; die transfer tables; press controls; training programs; production monitoring systems; inspection services; preventative maintenance services; remanufacturing services; technical consulting services; press relocation services and other products and programs designed specifically for the material forming market. Today, Nidec-Minster presses and material handling equipment are in production in more than 84 countries around the world.

Nidec Minster is the global headquarters for Nidec Press & Automation. Nidec Press & Automation brands include: Minster, Arisa, Kyori, Vamco, CHS & SYS.

History

References 

Itasca, Illinois
Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
Ceramics manufacturers of the United States
Instrument-making corporations