omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ackling Dyke. Ackling Dyke is a section of Roman road in England which runs for  southwest from Old Sarum (Sorviodunum) to the hill fort at Badbury Rings (Vindocladia). Part of the road on Oakley Down has been scheduled as an ancient monument.

Much of the road exists as an exceptionally large embankment (agger), up to  wide and  high. This is much wider than most Roman roads. This would have been visible from a great distance and must have been intended to impress the native population, as it was unnecessary from an engineering viewpoint. It provided a rapid transit route for soldiers across Cranborne Chase.

In addition, in places the road cuts straight through prehistoric earthworks and barrows, showing the Roman attitude to the existing British social structure as well as proving to early antiquaries that barrows preceded the Roman period. At Bokerley Junction it cuts through both Bokerley Dyke and Grim's Ditch before being overlaid by a turnpike, now the A354.  further west at Wyke Down it cuts through the Dorset Cursus. A series of watchtower sites have been identified along the route.

After leaving the Salisbury suburbs, the route crosses open country throughout, and nowhere comes close to any settlement. Apart from a  section of the main Salisbury–Blandford road which follows its course, the road can mostly be followed along minor lanes and tracks.

At Old Sarum the road connected with the Port Way to Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) and London; and from Badbury Rings roads led to the harbour at Hamworthy (Moriconium) and to Dorchester (Durnovaria).

Part of the road is on the Heritage at Risk Register because of the potential damage from arable ploughing.

See also
 Roman roads in Britain

References

External links

Roman roads in England
Archaeological sites in Wiltshire
Archaeological sites in Dorset
Ancient dikes
Scheduled monuments in Dorset
Sistema Interconectado Central. The Sistema Interconectado Central (Spanish for Central Interconnected System) or SIC was the main alternating current power grid in Chile spanning all of Chile from Atacama Region in the north to Los Lagos Region in the south. SIC transmitted 68.5% of the national generation and served 93% of Chile's population.

As of December, 2011, it had a total installed capacity of 12,904 MW (gross)

Since 2017, the grid was joined and synchronized with the Northern Synchronized Grid (Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande Spanish) and the total installed capacity of the new grid, called Sistema Eléctrico Nacional (SEN) (Spanish for National Electrical System),  was 31,709 MW as of April 2022.

References

External links

 Global Energy Network Institute
 Map of the Central Interconnected System
 Centro de Despacho Económico de Carga del Sistema Interconectado Central (CDEC-SIC) - Economic Load Dispatch Center of the Central Interconnected System

Central
Electric power transmission systems in Chile
Fuze Keeping Clock. The Fuze Keeping Clock (FKC) was a simplified version of the Royal Navy's High Angle Control System analogue fire control computer. It first appeared as the FKC MkII in destroyers of the 1938 , while later variants were used on sloops, frigates, destroyers, aircraft carriers and several cruisers. The FKC MkII was a non-tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control computer. It could accurately engage targets with a maximum speed of .

Operation
The FKC received vertical reference information from a Gyro Level Corrector and aircraft altitude, range, direction, and speed input information from the Rangefinder-Director, and output to the guns the elevation and deflection data needed to hit the target, along with the correct fuze timing information, so that the shells fired would explode in the vicinity of the target aircraft. Most guns controlled by the FKC had Fuze Setting Pedestals or Fuze Setting Trays where the correct fuze timing was set on a clockwork mechanism within the AA shell warhead.

Development
Type 285 radar was an early addition to the FKC system, being fitted on new destroyers from mid-1941 onward, and retrofitted to existing destroyers as time and opportunity permitted. Later variants increased the maximum target speed to , and were combined with Gyro Rate Units (GRU) which gave tachometric capabilities to the system, and radar which greatly improved ranging and rate keeping accuracy.

Wartime use

The FKC saw extensive use during the war on British Commonwealth naval ships, typically on destroyers and sloops. Prior to the widespread use of radar, optical detection and ranging on high altitude aerial targets was a daunting task, as shown by 's Report of Proceedings, for 3 September 1940:

Occasionally conditions would conspire to favour the surface ships during an aerial attack, as again revealed by HMAS Parramattas Report of Proceedings, for 20 September 1940:

The FKC was used throughout the war and its effectiveness was increased by the use of radar for gunnery and to provide warning against surprise attack, as demonstrated by this account of  bringing down a Japanese A6M Zero fighter aircraft (a "HAMP"), in 1944:

Notes

External links
 The Gunnery Pocket Book, B.R. 224/45, 1945 
 
 Illustration of the FKC Mk II 

Anti-aircraft artillery
Military computers
Naval artillery
Artillery operation
Equipment of the Royal Navy
Fire-control computers of World War II
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s
Granville Bradshaw. Granville Eastwood Bradshaw OBE, AFRAeS (1887–1969) was an English engineer and inventor who designed motorcycle, auto, and aero-engines.

History
Bradshaw was born in Preston, Lancashire in 1887 as the son of William and Annie Bradshaw. His father was a jeweler and optician.

Bradshaw's early work was involved with the early pioneers of flight, which led him to become an expert on stressing. He designed the Star Monoplane including the engine for Star Aircraft when he was 19, which he later flew. He then started to work on aero-engines and was the co-founder of the All-British Engine Company (later ABC Motors then Walton Motors).

The ABC radial aero-engines designed and built during the First World War were extremely advanced and the government placed large orders for the Dragonfly.  A number of aircraft were designed to use the Dragonfly, but the engines were plagued by problems and failed to live up to the promises. The design was taken over by the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough to try to resolve the issues, but with the end of the war, it was abandoned.

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his war work in 1918.

At the end of 1918 it was announced that ABC Motors Ltd had transferred its motor cycle manufacturing and selling rights to Sopwith Aviation Co Ltd, with Granville Bradshaw of ABC Motors Ltd concentrating on design. This allowed him to sell his designs to other companies. He designed a number of engines for Panther motorcycles. He also designed motorcycle engines where the cylinder barrels were oil cooled, and these were made under licence by J Walmsley & Co (Preston) Ltd. The flat-twin 500cc version of this engine was utilised from 1921 on the Zenith-Bradshaw motorcycle. A single cylinder 348cc version was optional for OK-Supreme, Sheffield-Henderson, Dot, Orbit, and Coventry-Mascot in 1922; and an 1100cc V-twin version of this oil-cooled engine was adopted for the Belsize light car.

His biggest seller was selling patents for gambling machines, although he lost all the money he made in further business deals. He later concentrated on toroidal internal-combustion engines. Bradshaw produced a long list of inventions and designs, although very few achieved commercial success.

A biography Granville Bradshaw: a flawed genius? by Barry Jones was published in 2008.

The Omega toroidal engine

The Bradshaw engine was a type of swing-piston engine which had a single toroidal cylinder, containing four double-ended curved pistons. The pistons reciprocated in pairs, while the cylinder rotated around them, carrying around the spark plug and inlet/exhaust ports.

Family
In 1911 he married Violet Elsie Partridge in Wolverhampton. Violet petitioned for divorce in 1926. Bradshaw married again in 1927 to Muriel Mathieson in Kensington, London. He died in 1969 at Hitchin in Hertfordshire.

See also
 ABC motorcycles
 ABC Motors

Notes

External links
 Granville Bradshaw

1887 births
1969 deaths
English aerospace engineers
English aviators
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Engineers from Preston, Lancashire
20th-century British inventors
20th-century British engineers
Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande. The Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (Spanish for Interconnected System of Norte Grande) or SING is an alternating current power grid serving the Norte Grande zone of Chile, it produces 19% of the national power generation. The SING covers the three northernmost regions of Chile including Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá and Antofagasta Region. 

As of December, 2011, it had a total installed capacity of 4,550 MW (gross)

References

External links

 Global Energy Network Institute
 Centro de Despacho Económico de Carga del Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (CDEC-SING) - Economic Load Dispatch Center of the Big North Interconnected System

Norte Grande
Electric power transmission systems in Chile
Sistema Eléctrico de Magallanes. The Sistema Eléctrico de Magallanes (Spanish for Electric System of Magallanes) or SEM is an alternating current power grid serving the Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region of Chile.  All of the SEM's power generation is produced by combustion of fossil fuels in thermal power plants, some of the fuel comes from the oilfields in the Strait of Magellan. SEM's power generation stands currently for about 0.8% of the national generation. The communes of Antártica and Cabo de Hornos, including Puerto Williams are not connected to the system.

As of November, 2010, it had a total installed capacity of 101 MW (gross)

References

External links

 Global Energy Network Institute

Magallanes
Electric power transmission systems in Chile
Buildings and structures in Magallanes Region
Sistema Eléctrico de Aysén. The Sistema Eléctrico de Aysén (SEA; Spanish for Electric System of Aysén) is an alternating current power grid serving the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile.  It is operated by a private company called EDELAYSEN, whose motto is La Luz del Sur (Spanish for The Light of the South).

Of the four main electric grids in Chile, the SEA has the largest share of renewable energy; constituted by 54.2% thermoelectric, 41.7% hydroelectric, and 4.1% wind power.  The SEA has three wind turbines which collectively produce 2 MW.  Despite being amongst the four largest grids in Chile, the SEA accounts for only 0.3% of the national coverage, powering approximately 26,000 homes and supplying approximately 105.7 GWh.

As of November, 2010, it had a total installed capacity of 50 MW (gross)

References

External links

Global Energy Network Institute

Aysen
Electric power transmission systems in Chile
Buildings and structures in Aysén Region
Solido Design Automation. Solido Design Automation Inc. is an electronic design automation (EDA) software company, headquartered in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The company develops software for analog/mixed-signal and custom integrated circuits. The company was founded in 2005 and is funded by BDC Venture Capital, Victoria Park Capital, and Golden Opportunities Fund.

Solido Variation Designer is variation-aware custom integrated circuit design software. It uses foundry models to address variation caused by process and environmental (PVT) corners, global and local random variation, and proximity effects. Solido ML Characterization Suite is a software that uses machine learning to generate library timing models.

Solido was acquired by Mentor, a Siemens business on December 1, 2017. Solido had been growing its revenue by 50 and 70 percent each year from 2009 to 2017, and was ranked in the top 500 fastest growing technology companies in North America by Deloitte in 2017.

Management team 
Amit Gupta, president and chief executive officer
Jeff Dyck, vice president of technical operations
Kristopher Breen, vice president of customer applications

See also 
Electronic design automation
Integrated circuit design

References 

EE Times (February 2, 2009):'Solido named to EE Times list of top 60 emerging startups'
EDN (February 1, 2008):'Solido named finalist for EDN Innovation Award'
EDN (December 14, 2007):'Solido named EDN Hot 100 Products of 2007'
IC Design and Verification Journal (March 17, 2009):'Showing your true corners'
Electronicstalk (January 28, 2009):'System solves process variation design problems'
EDN (February 17, 2009):'Solido design attacks variations in transistor-level analog design'
EE Times (February 3, 2009):'Process variation tool targets analog/mixed-signal design loss'
EETimes (January 23, 2009):'Solido launches process variation solution'
SCD Source (September 2, 2008):'Improving statistical design for analog/custom circuits'

External links
Solido Design Automation homepage

Electronic design automation companies
Software companies based in California
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies based in San Jose, California
Software companies established in 2005
2005 establishments in California
Defunct software companies of the United States
SixthSense. SixthSense is a gesture-based wearable computer system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and 1997 (headworn gestural interface), and 1998 (neckworn version), and further developed by Pranav Mistry (also at MIT Media Lab), in 2009, both of whom developed both hardware and software for both headworn and neckworn versions of it. It comprises a headworn or neck-worn pendant that contains both a data projector and camera. Headworn versions were built at MIT Media Lab in 1997 (by Steve Mann) that combined cameras and illumination systems for interactive photographic art, and also included gesture recognition (e.g. finger-tracking using colored tape on the fingers).

SixthSense is a name for extra information supplied by a wearable computer, such as the device called EyeTap (Mann), Telepointer (Mann), and "WuW" (Wear yoUr World) by Pranav Mistry.

Origin of the name 
Sixth Sense technology (a camera combined with a light source) was developed in 1997 as a headworn device, and in 1998 as a neckworn object, but the Sixth Sense name for this work was not coined and published until 2001, when Mann coined the term "Sixth Sense" to describe such devices.

Mann referred to this wearable computing technology as affording a "Synthetic Synesthesia of the Sixth Sense", believing that wearable computing and digital information could act in addition to the five traditional senses.  Ten years later, Pattie Maes, also with MIT Media Lab, used the term "Sixth Sense" in this same context, in a TED talk.

Similarly, other inventors have used the term sixth-sense technology to describe new capabilities that augment the traditional five human senses. For example, in U.S. patent no. 9,374,397, timo platt et als, refer to their new communications invention as creating a new social and personal sense, i.e., a "metaphorical sixth sense", enabling users (while retaining their privacy and anonymity) to sense and share the "stories" and other attributes and information of those around them.

References

Further reading
 Elish, M. C. (2011, January). Responsible storytelling: communicating research in video demos. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction (pp. 25–28). ACM.

External links 
 Sixthsense Tutorials
 Steve Mann's SixthSense site
 Pranav Mistry's SixthSense homepage 
 SixthSense Google code site
 SixthSense Github repository

Augmented reality
Virtual reality
Graphical user interfaces
Surface computing
MIT Media Lab
Gesture recognition
Cozy Coupe. The Cozy Coupe is a red and yellow toy car manufactured and distributed by Little Tikes, an American manufacturer of children's toys based in Hudson, Ohio.

Design
The car's design, described as "a cross between a Volkswagen Beetle and Fred Flintstone's vehicle", was created by Jim Mariol of Cincinnati-based Design Alliance, who had worked as a designer at Chrysler starting in 1952 and engineered by Shirish Patel, Little Tikes' Vice President of Engineering and Product Engineer John Fawcett.

Evolution
First sold in 1979 as one of the first molded-plastic toy cars sold in the United States, it was called the "world's best-selling car for much of this decade" by The New York Times in 1998, outselling the much more expensive Honda Accord and Ford Taurus. By 1991, the Cozy Coupe was selling 500,000 units per year, making it the top-selling model in the United States, outselling the 399,000 Accords and 299,000 Taurus vehicles sold that year. By 1997, its sales of 313,000 units in the US and another 100,000 sold in the United Kingdom in 1997, would have made it the fifth-best-selling car in the US among real vehicles.

By 1998, Tom Murdough, the founder of Little Tikes who had left the company to start competitor Step 2, had pointed out that the Cozy Coupe's design was becoming dated, looking "somewhat like the VW Beetle in looks and design", reflecting what was "a great design for its time, but it also looks like it was designed in the '70s." Little Tikes had introduced a number of brand extensions in 1996, including a purple roadster that looks akin to a Plymouth Prowler, a blue minivan that looks akin to a Dodge Caravan, an SUV, two pickup models and the yellow and teal Grand Coupe. While overall sales for Little Tikes increased after the introduction of the new models, the Cozy Coupe lost its spot as the industry's top seller.

By 1998, Little Tikes introduced the Cozy Coupe II, a redesigned model of its original classic that retained the red and yellow bubble-shaped exterior, while adding thicker pillars on the front roof, among other enhancements, including a remote control that makes sounds of doors unlocking, the horn beeping, the engine starting and a car alarm. J. C. Penney had included the updated car in its catalog starting in August 1998, with sales since its introduction doubling the sales in the corresponding five months of 1997. Total 1998 sales were expected to exceed 250,000 units. In 2009 Rakesh Patel, the owner of the first Cozy Coupe ever made, donated the very first Cozy Coupe off the assembly line from 1979 to the collection of the Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum in celebration of the coupe's 30th anniversary.

References

Products introduced in 1979
Toy cars and trucks
Padre (software). Padre (short for "Perl Application Development and Refactoring Environment") is a multi-language software development platform comprising an IDE and a plug-in system to extend it. It is written primarily in Perl and is used to develop applications in this language.

Padre is written in Perl 5 but can be extended by any language running on top of the Parrot virtual machine, such as Raku, through its plug-in system and its integration with Parrot. The development officially started in June 2008 but Padre has reused components that have been available on CPAN, and the latest version of Padre is itself always available on CPAN. Most importantly, it uses the Perl bindings of wxWidgets for the windowing system, and PPI to correctly parse and highlight Perl and to allow refactoring. The primary advantages of Padre for Perl developers is that full and easy access to the source code of their editor is available, and a unique set of "Perl intuition" features that allow the IDE to understand details about project structure and content without needing to be told by the user.

Architecture
Padre employs plug-ins in order to provide all of its functionality on top of the runtime system. All the functionality except the core Perl 5 support is implemented as plug-ins. Padre has plug-ins for HTML and XML editing.

This plug-in mechanism is a lightweight framework. In addition to allowing Padre to be extended using other programming languages, the plug-in framework allows Padre to work with networking applications such as telnet, and database management systems. The plug-in architecture supports writing any desired extension to the environment, such as for configuration management, version control systems (Subversion, Git) support, etc.

Padre's widgets are implemented by wxWidgets, an open source, cross-platform toolkit written in C++.

Features
Bookmark Support
Code Folding
Session Support
Diff Feature
CPAN Explorer Tool
Graphical Debugger Tool
Version Control Tool

Notable plug-ins
Version Control: Subversion, Git, Mercurial
Languages: Raku, Parrot, HTML, XML, CSS, LaTeX
Editor Compatibility: Vim
Helper tool for Catalyst

See also

Comparison of integrated development environments

References

External links

Padre on MetaCPAN

Plug-ins on CPAN

Free integrated development environments
Linux integrated development environments
Debuggers
Cross-platform free software
Free software programmed in Perl
Perl software
Software that uses wxWidgets
Software using the Artistic license
Software that uses Scintilla
Jacques Prost. Jacques Prost, born in 1946 in Bourg-en-Bresse, is a French physicist, former General director of École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris, member of the French Academy of Sciences.

Alumni of the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud (sciences) (1965), Jacques Prost studied at Harvard University and founded and head (1987–1995) the "Theoretical Physico-Chemistry" Group of the ESPCI ParisTech under the direction of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes. His group studied liquid crystal and soft matter properties. In 1996, he founded the group "Physical Chemistry Curie" lab at the Curie Institute (Paris). His group studies physical approaches to biological problems and describes cell motion, molecular motors, the properties of biological membranes and protein adhesion.

Jacques Prost was the scientific advisor to Elf Aquitaine from 1990 to 1999. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2007. Jacques Prost has been the General director of ESPCI ParisTech, since 2003.

He is the recipient of the 2024 Lars Onsager Prize in theoretical statistical physics by the American Physical Society, for

References 

People from Bourg-en-Bresse
1946 births
French physicists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Harvard University alumni
Living people
Academic staff of ESPCI Paris
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite