omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dennis Ganendra. Dennis Ganendra (born 1965) Malaysian entrepreneur and engineer, is the first chief executive officer of Minconsult Sdn Bhd, a leading multi-disciplinary engineering consultancy. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK.

Career
He has published and presented papers in international journals and at international conferences, on topics ranging from rationalising ESG, innovative management, ethical and value engineering,  and transformation of business models challenged by crises.

Ganendra was appointed a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers, UK, in 2018 and is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia and Institution of Highways & Transportation. He was Honorary Secretary General of The Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia (1998 – 2006) and served as a Director and Audit Committee Member of the Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia (CIDB), and also as Trustee of the Construction Research Institute, Malaysia (2000 – 2008).

Education
He read engineering at Cambridge University, Trinity Hall, where he was a scholar, and secured a Master of Science with Distinction in Soil Mechanics from Imperial College, U.K. His doctorate, also from Imperial College, "Finite Element Analysis Laterally Loaded Piles" has been a continuing source of reference in the engineering field.

Honours and awards
Fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering, UK.
Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers, UK
Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Fellow of the Institution of Highways & Transportation
Honorary Secretary General of The Road Engineering Association of Asia and Australasia (1998 – 2006) and Council Member
Director and Audit Committee Member, Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia (CIDB) (2000 – 2008)
Trustee of the Construction Research Institute, Malaysia (2000 – 2008)
Darjah Kebesaran Ahli – Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (ASA)(2003)
Knight Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang,(Darjah Kebesaran Mahkota Pahang Yang Amat Mualia – Peringkat Kedua, Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang (DIMP)), Title ‘Dato’ (2001)

References

Living people
Malaysian businesspeople
Malaysian engineers
Malaysian chief executives
1965 births
Dorothy Monekosso. Dorothy N. Monekosso is a British academic. She is a professor of computer science in the Department of Computer Science at University of Durham. She researches ambient assisted living (AAL), intelligent environments, smart homes, and assistive robotics.

Monekosso began her career in space technology research at Surrey Satellite Technology, developing on-board computers and other systems for small satellites and spacecraft. During her PhD at the Surrey Space Centre, she became interested in machine learning, and moved into developing intelligent and robotic systems for security and healthcare applications.

In 2015, she moved from Bournemouth University to take up her current professorship of computer science at Leeds Beckett University.

In March 2020, she was among the 40 black women professors celebrated in the photographic exhibition Phenomenal Women. Also in 2020, Monekosso was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the British Computer Society for her work on Smart Homes for people living with dementia and for her campaigning work to promote diversity in the tech sector.

Works
 (ed. with Paolo Remagnino and Yoshinori Kuno) Intelligent environments: methods, algorithms and applications. London: Springer, 2008.
 ed. with Paolo Remagnino and Lakhmi C. Jain) Innovations in defence support systems. 3, Intelligent paradigms in security. Berlin: Springer, 2011.
 (with Myo Thida, How-lung Eng and Paolo Remagnino) Contextual analysis of videos. San Rafael, California : Morgan & Claypool, 2013.

References

External links
 Academic webpage  at Leeds Beckett University
 Truly smart homes could help dementia patients live independently, The Conversation

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British computer scientists
Black British women academics
British women academics
Black British academics
British women computer scientists
Alumni of the University of Surrey
Academics of Bournemouth University
Academics of Leeds Beckett University
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Modal filter. A modal filter, sometimes referred to as a point closure, is a road design that restricts the passage of certain types of vehicle in road transport. Modal filtering is often used to help create a low traffic neighbourhood (LTN), where motor traffic is diverted away from residential streets and instead toward feeder roads. Modal filters can be used to achieve filtered permeability within a transport network, and can encourage walking and cycling through more pleasant environments and improved safety.

Modal filters can be implemented through the use of barriers such as bollards, boom barriers and planters, though filters can also be implemented virtually through the use of automatic number-plate recognition cameras and road signs, which can allow residential motor access while prohibiting passing motor traffic.

Modal filters are often the result of circulation plans by local governments.

Gallery

See also
 Road diet
 Modal shift

Road infrastructure
Road safety
Street furniture
Streetworks
Traffic signs
Traffic calming

References
Gangachara Bridge, Rangpur. Gangachara Bridge () is located on the river Teesta on the Lalmonirhat-Rangpur highway in Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur District. The construction work of the bridge lasted from 2007 to June 2012. The bridge was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 20 September 2012. The bridge is  long and  wide. The bridge is made of 16 individual spans on 16 pillars. The total cost of construction of the bridge is 1.2209 billion taka. The width of the river is . The approach road is .

References

Bridges in Bangladesh
Rangpur District
Bridges completed in 2012
2012 establishments in Bangladesh
Raffaele Mezzenga. Raffaele Mezzenga is a soft condensed matter scientist, currently heading the Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. He is among the 0.1% most cited scientists according to the Clarivate 2023 Highly Cited Researchers list in the cross-field discipline.

Education
Prof. Mezzenga received his M.S. in Materials Science (1997) from Perugia University in Italy, while actively working for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) and NASA (NASA Space Shuttle Discovery mission STS91), followed by a PhD in the field of Polymer Physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland (2001).

Research and career
Mezzenga did postdoctoral research on semiconductive polymer colloids at the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and then moved to the Nestlé Research Center in Lausanne as research scientist, working on the self-assembly of surfactants, natural amphiphiles and lyotropic liquid crystals. In 2005 he was hired as Associate Professor in the Physics Department of the University of Fribourg, and he then joined ETH Zurich on 2009 as Full Professor.

His research mainly focuses on the fundamental understanding of self-assembly processes in polymers, lyotropic liquid crystals, biological and food colloidal systems. His work has led to over 400 scientific publications and about 20 patents. He has made seminal contributions to several fields of soft condensed matter such as in protein aggregation, biopolymers and surfactants self-organisation. He has pioneered the use of protein-based materials in the establishment of new technologies for environmental remediation, health and advanced materials design.

Awards and honours
Prof. Mezzenga was the recipient of the 2011 John H. Dillon Medal by the American Physical Society. He was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2017. Other awards include the 2011 Young Scientist Research Award of the American Oil Chemist Society, the 2013 Biomacromolecules/Macromolecules Young Investigator Award of the American Chemical Society and the 2019 Spark Award for the most promising ETH Zurich invention in 2019.

Mezzenga served as an Executive, Associate and Guest Editor for various journals including Food Biophysics, Food Hydrocolloids, Polymer International, Trends in Food Science, and has been a board member of Swiss Chemical Society for over 15 years.

External links

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Condensed matter physicists
21st-century Swiss scientists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
People associated with CERN
University of Perugia alumni
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
Academic staff of the University of Fribourg
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Byeong Gi Lee. Byeong Gi Lee is an emeritus professor at Seoul National University, South Korea.

Early life
Born in Korea, Lee studied his undergraduate degree at Seoul National University, Korea. He received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from UCLA, USA.

Career
Lee worked at Granger Associates and AT&T Bell Labs before joining SNU, Korea as a faculty member.
He became a professor of electrical engineering and subsequently Vice Chancellor of Research. Later, he
became a Commissioner of the Korean Communications Commission. He was active in IEEE Communications 
Society and had served as the society President. He was also the 23rd President of KICS - Korean Information
and Communications Society. Lee later retired in 2016 as an emeritus professor of SNU.

Awards
Lee was elected to Fellow of the IEEE in the year 1997 for contributions to digital transform and filtering, to broadband telecommunications, and to digital scrambling and member of Korean National Academy of Engineering.

References

South Korean electrical engineers
Seoul National University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Academic staff of Seoul National University
Fellows of the IEEE
Presidents of the IEEE Communications Society
KfW Westarkade. KfW Westarkade is a 60.1-meter (197 ft) office building located in Frankfurt, Germany. The 14-storey building completed in 2010, is located in the Westend district in Frankfurt and serves as the headquarters for KfW, the German state-owned development bank. The KfW Westarkade is an example of sustainable architecture, which was led by three key factors, natural ventilation, activated slabs and geothermal energy, and the building is one of the first office towers in the world predicted to run on less than 90KWh/m2 of primary energy per year. The KfW Westarkade was named the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2011 Best Tall Building Overall.

Background
The KfW Westarkade began construction in 2007 following the demolition of the library which had previously sat at the space. The Westarkade contains conference facilities and office space for 700 people, and served to expand the KfW campus in the area, which includes buildings constructed from the 1970s through to 1990s.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt
 List of tallest buildings in Germany
 List of tallest buildings in Europe

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Frankfurt
Office buildings completed in 2010
Table of metaheuristics. This is a chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms that only contains fundamental computational intelligence algorithms. Hybrid algorithms and multi-objective algorithms are not listed in the table below.

Categories 
 Evolutionary-based
 Trajectory-based
 Nature-inspired
 Swarm-based
 Bio-inspired
 Physics/Chemistry-based
 Human-based
 Plant-based
 Art-inspired
 Ancient-inspired

The table

References 

Metaheuristics
Amorphous uranium(VI) oxide. Amorphous uranium(VI) oxide (am-U2O7) is an orange diuranyl compound, most commonly obtained from the thermal decomposition of uranyl peroxide tetrahydrate at temperatures between . It exists at room temperature as a powder. Am-U2O7 does not comprise a regular, long-range atomic structure, as demonstrated by its characteristic diffuse scattering pattern obtained by X-ray diffraction. As a result, the molecular structure of this material is little understood, although experimental and computational attempts to elucidate a local atomic environment have yielded some success.

Production 
Am-U2O7 is produced by the thermal decomposition of uranyl peroxide tetrahydrate at temperatures between , in either an air or nitrogen atmosphere. The resultant powder is tan orange in colour. Further heating results in the formation of alpha uranium trioxide (α-UO3).

Structure and reactivity 
Because of the amorphous nature of am-U2O7, the long-range atomic structure of this compound has not been determined. However, recent computational investigations, chiefly accomplished using density functional theory (DFT), have helped to predict a local structure. Resembling a regular uranate compound, two uranyl ([UO2]2+) groups are bridged by a μ2-O atom, where both uranium atoms are bonded to an O-O peroxo unit. In this case, a tetrameric ring would be the most stable conformation of the compound. The presence of a peroxide bond in species obtained in this temperature range is unusual; uranyl peroxide has previously been considered to be the only peroxide bearing uranium compound. Developments on this structure propose a two-site metastudtite and UO3-like bonding environment, including the bond types already mentioned. Few other suggestions for the local atomic structure of am-U2O7 have been made. However, a crystalline form of U2O7, calculated as a two-site 6 and 8-coordinate structure, has been reported. In the same study, it was again found that the U2O7 species contained peroxide bonding. Am-U2O7 is known to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water, to produce a crystalline metaschoepite powder. In addition to a change in crystallinity, this reaction involves a change in colour from orange to bright yellow.

References 

Uranium(VI) compounds
Nepal Engineers Association. Nepal Engineers' Association (NEA) (Nepali:नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन) is an independent non-profit organization of engineers of Nepal. Its headquarters is located in Pulchowk, Lalitpur. It was established in 1962. It has the provincial committee in each province of Nepal.

Objectives
It has the following objectives:
 promote the development of the engineering science and technology
 promote fellowship and safeguard their rights and interests of engineers
 enhance participation of the national engineering manpower for national development activities 
 develop relations, fellowship and goodwill with international engineering associations and institutions.

Activities
 NEA celebrates its annual Engineers' day on Shrawan 3. 
 Veteran engineers are facilitated with lifetime achievement awards and young and upcoming fellow engineers are recognized at the event. Apart for the annual event, NEA also holds international conventions every two years.
 Training and rapid response in disaster management.

Members
Year 2022: 36,500 plus members

International centers
 NEA Qatar, established 2004
 Australia
 Thailand
 United Kingdom
 Japan

External links
Official website

See also
Nepal Engineering Council

References

Scientific organisations based in Nepal
Professional associations based in Nepal
1962 establishments in Nepal
Engineering organizations in Nepal
Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation. The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation, also known as Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation or Vogel–Fulcher equation (abbreviated: VFT equation), is used to describe the viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature, and especially its strongly temperature dependent variation in the supercooled regime, upon approaching the glass transition. In this regime the viscosity of certain liquids can increase by up to 13 orders of magnitude within a relatively narrow temperature interval. 

The VFT equation reads as follows:

where  and  are empirical material-dependent parameters, and  is also an empirical fitting parameter, and typically lies about 50 °C below the glass transition temperature. These three parameters are normally used as adjustable parameters to fit the VFT equation to experimental data of specific systems.

The VFT equation is named after Hans Vogel, Gordon Scott Fulcher (1884–1971) and Gustav Tammann (1861–1938).

References
 
 
 
 

Eponymous equations of physics
Equations of fluid dynamics
Diiron silicide. Diiron silicide (Fe2Si) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron. It occurs in  cosmic dust as the mineral hapkeite. It is a non-stoichiometric compound where the Fe:Si ratio depends on the sample preparation. A related compound Fe5Si3 occurs in nature as the mineral xifengite.

See also
Ferrosilicon

References

Iron compounds
Transition metal silicides
Iron disilicide. Iron disilicide (FeSi2) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron that occurs in nature as the rare mineral linzhiite. At room temperature it forms orthorhombic crystals (β phase), which convert into a tetragonal α phase upon heating to 970 °C.

See also
Iron monosilicide
Ferrosilicon
Silicon steel

References

Iron compounds
Transition metal silicides
Iron monosilicide. Iron monosilicide (FeSi) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron that occurs in nature as the rare mineral naquite. It is a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with a room-temperature electrical resistivity of around 10 kΩ·cm and unusual magnetic properties at low temperatures. FeSi has a cubic crystal lattice with no inversion center; therefore its magnetic structure is helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.

The structure is the prototype of the "iron monosilicide structure type", of space group P23 (no. 198). It is similar to the structure of sodium chloride, with four iron atoms and four silicon atoms in each unit cell. Whereas in sodium chloride the eight atoms are at the corners of a cube and each ion is surrounded by six counterions, in iron monosilicide the atoms are all displaced parallel to body diagonals (along threefold axes) from the positions of sodium and chloride. The crystal loses all indirect (chirality reversing) symmetry elements, all fourfold and twofold rotation axes, and many of the threefold axes and translations, but retains some of the twofold screw axes and threefold axes of the sodium chloride crystal structure. As an atom is moved from (0,0,0) to (x,x,x), the other three atoms of the same kind move as well, creating a chiral arrangement except when x is a multiple of . The atoms of the other kind are displaced as well, with one of the four at (y,y,y). If x = −y = ± ≈ ±0.1545 then each ion will be equidistant from seven atoms of the other kind, at a distance of  ≈ 0.53523, rather than six at a distance of  and one at a distance of  in the sodium chloride structure.

In the case of iron monosilicide, x = 0.13652 and y = 0.8424 (or −0.1576), or x = −0.13652 and y = 0.1576, so the seven silicon atoms around an iron atom are not all the same distance from the iron atom. Each silicon atom sits in a similar cage of iron atoms. The cages only have threefold rotational symmetry, with three slightly different interatomic distances between the central atom and the seven surrounding atoms (to 3 atoms, 3 atoms, and 1 atom respectively). There are right-handed and left-handed threefold screw axes without there being a symmetry element taking one to the other. (Threefold screw axes also exist in sodium chloride but are related by a mirror.) This means that iron monosilicide crystals exist in two different enantiomorphs, depending on the signs of x and y.

In 1948 Linus Pauling investigated the nature of the bonds in iron monosilicide.

See also
Iron disilicide
Ferrosilicon
Silicon steel

References

Iron compounds
Transition metal silicides
Iron monosilicide structure type
Iron germanide. Iron germanide (FeGe) is an intermetallic compound, a germanide of iron. At ambient conditions it crystallizes in three polymorphs with monoclinic, hexagonal and cubic structures. The cubic polymorph has no inversion center, it is therefore helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.

Magnetism

FeGe is extensively studied for its unusual magnetic properties. Electron spins in this material show dissimilar, yet regular spatial arrangements at different values of applied magnetic field. Those arrangements are named helical, skyrmion lattice, and conical. They can be controlled not only by temperature and magnetic field, but also by electric current, and the current density required for manipulating skyrmions (~106 A/m2) is approximately one million times smaller than that needed for moving magnetic domains in traditional ferromagnets. As a result, skyrmions have potential application in ultrahigh-density magnetic storage devices. 

The helical, conical and skyrmion structures are not unique to FeGe; they are also found in MnSi, MnGe and similar compounds, but contrary to those materials, the observation of magnetic ordering patterns in FeGe does not require cryogenic cooling. The disadvantage of FeGe over MnSi is its polymorphism, which hinders the growth of large homogeneous crystals.

Synthesis

Polycrystalline FeGe 
Polycrystalline FeGe is produced by vacuum arc remelting, spark plasma sintering, or high-pressure high-temperature treatment of a mixture of elemental iron and germanium. Single crystals of FeGe ca. 1 mm in size can be grown from the powder using a chemical transport reaction and iodine as transporting agent. The source temperature is maintained at 450 °C and the temperature gradient at ca. 50 °C across the reaction tube, over 1–2 weeks.

FeGe thin film 
FeGe films can be epitaxially grown on Si (111) using MBE. The thin film FeGe is polycrystalline with ± 30° in-plane rotations around [111] out-of-plane axis. Theoretical simulations indicate that FeGe thin film can hold skyrmion cylinder or chiral bobber phases, which were recently imaged in a 35 nm plan-view FeGe thin film using Lorentz STEM/TEM.

Structure
Iron germanide is a non-stoichiometric compound where the Ge:Fe ratio often deviates from 1. The Fe2Ge3 compound is a Nowotny phase exhibiting a chimney ladder structure. It is a semiconductor with a band gap or 0.03 eV.

References

Iron compounds
Germanides
Iron monosilicide structure type
Manganese disilicide. Manganese disilicide (MnSi2) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of manganese. It is a non-stoichiometric compound, with a silicon deficiency expressed as MnSi2–x. Crystal structures of many MnSi2–x compounds resemble a chimney ladder and are called Nowotny phases. They include 
MnSi2 (x=0), Mn4Si7 (x=0.250), Mn11Si19 (x=0.273), Mn15Si26 (x=0.267) and Mn27Si47 (x=0.259). These phases have very similar unit cells whose length varies from 1.75 nm for MnSi2 or Mn4Si7, which have almost the same structures, to 11.8 nm for Mn27Si47. 

MnSi2–x Nowotny phases have a Mn sublattice with a β-tin structure overlaid with a face-centered cubic Si sublattice. They resemble chimneys of transition metal atoms containing spiraling ladders of Si. These phases are semiconductors with a band gap of 0.4 to 0.9 eV. They exhibit a reasonably high thermoelectric figure of merit ZT ~ 0.8 and have potential applications in thermoelectric generators.

References

Manganese compounds
Transition metal silicides