omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Electrical measurements. Electrical measurements are the methods, devices and calculations used to measure electrical quantities. Measurement of electrical quantities may be done to measure electrical parameters of a system. Using transducers, physical properties such as temperature, pressure, flow, force, and many others can be converted into electrical signals, which can then be conveniently measured and recorded. High-precision laboratory measurements of electrical quantities are used in experiments to determine fundamental physical properties such as the charge of the electron or the speed of light, and in the definition of the units for electrical measurements, with precision in some cases on the order of a few parts per million. Less precise measurements are required every day in industrial practice. Electrical measurements are a branch of the science of metrology. 
 
Measurable independent and semi-independent electrical quantities comprise:
 Voltage
 Electric current 
 Electrical resistance and electrical conductance 
 Electrical reactance and susceptance
 Magnetic flux
 Electrical charge by the means of electrometer
 Partial discharge measurement
 Magnetic field by the means of Hall sensor
 Electric field
 Electrical power by the means of electricity meter
 S-matrix by the means of network analyzer (electrical)
 Electrical power spectrum by the means of spectrum analyzer

Measurable dependent electrical quantities comprise:
 Inductance 
 Capacitance 
 Electrical impedance defined as vector sum of electrical resistance and electrical reactance
 Electrical admittance, the reciprocal of electrical impedance
 Phase between current and voltage and related power factor
 Electrical spectral density
 Electrical phase noise
 Electrical amplitude noise
 Transconductance
 Transimpedance
 Electrical power gain
 Voltage gain
 Current gain
 Frequency
 Propagation delay

References 
 Electrical measurement safety manual (Microsoft PowerPoint file)
 Early electrical measurement equipment

Further reading
 Graeme Gooday The morals of measurement: accuracy, irony, and trust in late Victorian electrical practice , Cambridge University Press, 2004 

Electricity
Physical quantities
Arthur James Arnot. Arthur James Arnot (26 August 1865 – 15 October 1946) was a Scottish electrical engineer and inventor, best known for patenting the world's first electric drill. He later designed the Spencer Street Power Station.

Biography 
Arnot was born in Hamilton, Scotland to William and Elizabeth Helen Arnot. He received his education at the West of Scotland Technical College, Glasgow, while working part-time at an electrical company. In 1889 he traveled to Melbourne, Australia to build the alternating current power plant at Spencer Street. The same year, on 20 August, he and mining engineer W. Blanch Brain patented the electric drill. Originally on a two-year contract by the Union Electric Company, Arnot was appointed City Electrical Engineer in 1891. During the first two years of this tenure he was responsible for the installation of the city's street lighting system. In the years 1894–1901, he designed and later managed the Spencer Street Power Station. From 1901 to 1929 Arnot held the position of Australasian Manager of Babcock & Wilcox.

In 1928, one year before his retirement, Arnot became involved in a corruption scandal over a May 1926 contract acquired by Babcock & Wilcox. The investigation revealed that alderman S. J. Maling had demanded a £10,000 bribe. Arnot, who represented Babcock & Wilcox in the negotiations, was admonished, and the company was fined. Maling received a six-month prison sentence.

Personal Life 

Arnot married Cornelia Ann, daughter of former mayor Cornelius Job Ham, in August 1889. They had four children. He later married Dora Christine, née Shewan, with whom he had two children Wendy Barbara and David Macdonald. In his later years, Arnot acquired a farm in Batlow, New South Wales. Originally intended for his two sons, the  of apple and pear trees were tended by Arnot, after his sons turned to sheep farming. He is described as a "keen fisherman", and was also a member of the Royal Sydney Golf Club.

References

Australian electrical engineers
19th-century Australian inventors
19th-century Scottish inventors
People from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
1865 births
1946 deaths
Scottish electrical engineers
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Interactive & Digital Media Centre. The Interactive & Digital Media Centre (Abbreviation: IDMC@SP) is an organization in Singapore Polytechnic that aims to support Singapore enterprises (especially SMEs) in enhancing their use of Interactive and Digital Media (IDM). Launched in 2007, the vision for IDMC@SP was to establish it as a centre of excellence for R&D work in the areas of Interactive and Digital Media. IDM projects are submitted to IDM Programme Office and IDA, and MOE for R&D funding.

Unreal Technology (UT) Living Lab

See also
 Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts (Singapore)
 Media Development Authority of Singapore
 Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore
 SPRING Singapore
 Singapore Polytechnic
 Government of Singapore
 Economy of Singapore

References

External links
Interactive & Digital Media Centre Homepage
IDM Programme Office
IDA Digital Media & Entertainment
Infocomm@SME Programme (IDA)
SME Infocomm Resource Centre Homepage

Business organisations based in Singapore
Train automatic stopping controller. (TASC) is the name of a train protection system/automated stopping aid currently used only in Japan. It allows trains equipped with TASC to stop automatically at stations without the need for the train operator to operate the brakes manually, preventing stopping errors and SPADs. TASC is also compatible with automatic train control (ATC) and automatic train operation (ATO), where in the latter case it acts as its auto-braking function.

History
The first incarnation of TASC was originally developed in the 1950s and 1960s as a way of ensuring that trains stop properly at stations, although problems with brake responsiveness, among other issues with the existing technology of that time, meant that it was never put into practical use. From the 1970s, technological improvements in computing and railway technology, especially the advent of one-person operation and automated guideway transit (AGT) systems and more recently, platform screen doors, made TASC increasingly viable both as a train protection system and as a precursor or complement to railway automation. The first full-scale implementation of TASC was on the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, the oldest subway line in Japan, where it, along with a new CS-ATC cab signalling system, replaced the line's previous mechanically-operated automatic train stop (ATS) system in 1993, enabling a massive upgrade of the line's route capacity and frequency between trains.

Usage
Examples of train lines that have TASC.
 Tokyo Metro Ginza Line (first TASC installation, since 1993)
 Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (including Hōnanchō branch; main line also enhanced with ATO since 2010)
 Tōkyū Meguro Line
 Tōkyū Ikegami Line
 Tōkyū Tamagawa Line
 Tokyu Toyoko Line
 Tōbu Tōjō Line (Ikebukuro, Wakōshi, Asaka, Asakadai, Shiki, and Kawagoe stations only)
 Aonami Line
 Osaka Metro Imazatosuji Line (since 2006), Midōsuji Line and Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway (since 2021; concurrent with PSD retrofits)
 Seibu Yūrakuchō Line (at Kotake-mukaihara Station)
 Keihan Keishin Line (at Misasagi Station)
 Yamanote Line (since 2017; concurrent with PSD retrofits)
 Odakyū Odawara Line (from Shinjuku Station to Isehara Station, since January 2024)

References

External links
 Principles of TASC operation, by Toshihiko Itō; click on 定位置停止装置について

Railway signaling in Japan
Train protection systems
Okapi (disambiguation). An okapi is a giraffid artiodactyl mammal native to the Ituri Rainforest in central Africa.

Okapi may also refer to:

De Havilland Okapi, a British two-seat day bomber of the 1910s built by de Havilland
Okapi (knife), a lockback or slipjoint knife originally produced in 1902 for export to Germany's colonies in Africa
Okapi BM25, a ranking function used by search engines to rank matching documents according to their relevance to a given search query
Okapi Framework (localization), an environment to build inter-operable tools for the different steps of the translation and localization process
Okapi MPV, a 6 x 6 mine-protected vehicle (MPV) which can be configured for command and control, fire control post or specialised anti-mine equipment carrier
Okapi Wildlife Reserve, a World Heritage Site in the Ituri Forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Okapi (website), an online magazine launched by Books.com.tw since 2010
Radio Okapi, a radio network that operates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Polder (disambiguation). Polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments known as dikes, that forms an artificial hydrological entity.

Polder may also refer to:
POLDER, an environmental satellite radiometer

People with the surname
Dirk Polder (1919–2001), Dutch physicist
Tessa Polder (born 1997), Dutch volleyball player

See also
Polder Model, the Dutch version of consensus policy in economics

de:Polder
MX-1 Kalakian. The MX-1 is a Philippine Armored personnel carrier (APC) developed by Steelcraft Industrial & Development Corporation in the early 2000s and presented in 2002.

Development
The MX-1 was developed in the early 2000s as a fire support vehicle in a joint project between Steelcraft and the Philippine Army's Light Armored Brigade (later Light Armored Division), with its prototype appearing in 2002. Its development is derived from the Hari-Digma APC also designed by Steelcraft. It is the second of the four vehicles developed by Steelcraft.

Armament
Being a fire support vehicle, the MX-1 needed to have adequate firepower, so Steelcraft designed a unique Three-Weapon Turret System and a rear cupola for the MX-1's use. The Three-Weapon Turret System consists of a .50 cal machine gun, a 7.62mm multipurpose MG and a 40mm Automatic Grenade Launcher for extra punch. The rear cupola houses another 7.62mm multipurpose machine gun for rear coverage. This gives the MX-1 four weapons to bring against different types of targets, giving it flexibility in various engagements.

Armor
Information has not been released by the Philippine government.

Engine
The MX-1 uses a Cummins diesel in-line 6-cylinder engine. The engine produces  and gives the MX-1 a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph). The Cummins engine was chosen for its robustness and reliability, both very important in the jungle terrain of the Philippines.

Deployment capability
The MX-1 has two side doors and one rear door for fast deployment. Tested against the one-doored Simba (APC), results showed 150% faster deployment time on exiting the vehicle. This rapid deployment was promoted as one of the strengths of the MX-1.

Related development
 MX-8 Armored Escort Vehicle
 MX-7 Gagamba
 Simba (APC)

Users

Philippine Army- One prototype only. Never entered service.

References

Armoured cars
Fire support vehicles
Armored fighting vehicles of the Philippines
International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels. The International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels (ISAF) is a non-profit international organization which gathers together specialists, technologists, executives and technical experts from alcohol, alcohol fuels, methanol, ethers and bio-fuel industries. ISAF came into being in 1976. The 2011 meeting (ISAF-XIX) was held in Verona, Italy. Subsequent conferences were held in Gwangju, Korea in 2015; Cartagena, Colombia in 2016; and Hangzhou, China in 2018.

History
ISAF brings together technologists, technical experts, technology providers and executives in fields pertaining to the  alcohol fuel industry, who share their ideas and consider solutions to the challenges ahead. ISAF discusses substitute energy sources like alcohol fuels and other alternative fuels like methanol, ethers, etc. ISAF furthers the cause of research, development and utilization of alcohol fuels to accelerate the exploitation of clean alternate fuels for vehicles and to reduce environmental pollution both from industrial and motor sources.

Reports and handbooks of the ISAF are frequently cited in scholarly articles and treatises about methanol and similar fuels.

Conferences

ISAF symposia have been held in all the continents:

 Africa: South Africa
 Americas: Canada, Brazil, United States of America, Colombia
 Asia: China, Japan, Thailand, India, Korea
 Europe: Germany, France, Italy, Sweden
 Oceania: New Zealand

ISAF XVII was held in Taiyuan China in 2008. The ISAF Symposium is held every two years.

The theme of ISAF XVIII 2010 was "Innovation for local and global sustainability of alcohol fuels." Delegates discussed methodologies and technologies for production of alcohol fuels, and control of environmental pollution.

See also

 Energy law
 Energy policy

References

External links
 ISAF XVIII 2010 website

International energy organizations
Organizations established in 1976
Alcohol fuels
Space Innovation and Growth Team. The Space Innovation and Growth Team (also known as the Space IGT) was a joint initiative among the United Kingdom government, academia and the country's space industry. Its goal was to define a 20-year vision and strategy for the future growth of the UK space industry, which was published in February 2010 as the Space Innovation and Growth Strategy (IGS).

Formation
The initiative was launched in June 2009 and was expected to report within six months.

Membership of the panel included:
 Andy Green, IGT chair and Logica CEO
 Lord Drayson, Minister for Science and Innovation
 Perry Melton, Inmarsat COO
 Major Timothy Peake, ESA astronaut

Outcomes 
The report titled The Space Innovation and Growth Strategy was published on 10 February 2010.

The report contributed to the establishment of the UK Space Agency in April 2010, overseen by the Space Leadership Council.

A National Space Technology Strategy was published by the Space Leadership Council on 7 April 2011. This strategy is overseen by the National Space Technology Steering Group which was formed in August 2010.

Purpose
Its purpose was to "attempt to identify key trends and then list the actions industry and government need to take if they want to fully exploit the changes that are coming over the next 20 years."

This included "involving the entire UK space community in setting out the challenges and opportunities that will govern its future value, competitiveness and growth".  A "20 year strategy for the future of the British space industry" would be created enabling Britain to become "a leader in the world space landscape", as well as creating jobs, income and adding economic value to the country.  One of the topics would be to identify "facilitators and barriers, whether policy and government related, economic, financial, technological, innovation, or awareness and perception issues".

Objectives
 Identifying and benchmarking the full UK space capability; identifying the future market opportunities; and proposing a policy for growth and a technology roadmap to support this
 Aligning the UK's civil, defence and security policies in science, manufacturing, and 'downstream' applications businesses
 Creating a 'space aware' culture and its importance to everyday life to maximise the potential for jobs and wealth creation in the UK, resulting in Space being factored and considered in business and HMG policy

The expected growth of the space tourism industry was expected to be one of the key trends of the next 20 years and Virgin Galactic had agreed to help develop the IGT blueprint in the hope that the UK could mirror the legislative measures of USA and Japan to enable the UK to stay at the forefront of the global space tourism industry.

References

External links
 Space IGS at BIS
 Space IGT at Intellect
 Documents and Newsletters
 ADS Group

Space programme of the United Kingdom
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
Organizations established in 2010
Space advocacy organizations
2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
Ajit Gulabchand. Ajit Gulabchand (born 1948) is an Indian industrialist. Gulabchand is the chairman and managing director of Hindustan Construction Company. Gulabchand serves as chairman of the board of governance at National Institute of Construction Management & Research (NICMAR) and as chairman of Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli.

Early and personal life
Gulabchand was born to a Jain trading family, originally belonging to Wankaner in the Kathiawar region of Gujarat, which had settled by the early 20th century in Solapur, Maharashtra. He is the son of Gulabchand Hirachand (1896-1967), one of the four brothers who founded the Walchand group, a business conglomerate which flourished in the first half of the 20th century. Ajit has eight brothers and sisters, and his eldest sibling is twenty-eight years older than him. He was nineteen years old when his father died in 1967. The surname of the family is "Doshi," but this is rarely used. Art historian Saryu Doshi was a relative of Ajit Gulabchand through her husband, Vinod Doshi.

Ajit Gulabchand was formerly married to Meera Gulabchand, daughter of film-maker Vasant Joglekar and actress Sumati Gupte Joglekar. The marriage did not have the support of Gulabchand's family, since Meera came from a very different background. The couple separated after a few years of marriage and may have divorced; They have a daughter named Shalaka Dhawan.  Since around the mid-1980s, Ajit Gulabchand has been in a steady relationship with journalist Tavleen Singh. They have no children together, but Ajit has been involved in raising Aatish Taseer, Tavleen's son by a previous relationship. Aatish is a distinguished writer and journalist. Gulabchand and Tavleen reside in one of the most expensive sea-facing apartment complexes in south Mumbai.

Career
Gulabchand has been a director of Indian Hume Pipe since 1993. He has served as director of HCC Infotech,  Hincon Technoconsult, Ucchar Investments, Hincon Realty, LAVASA Corporation, Motorsports Association of India, Constructmall.com, and as an independent, non-executive director of Bajaj Electricals.

He continues to serve as a Director in Hincon Finance, Hincon Holdings, Western Securities, Champali Garden, Shalaka Investment, and Gulabchand Foundation.

He is a founding member of the World Economic Forum's Disaster Resource Network and a member of the National Council of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). He is a promoter of the Lavasa township, which was intended to be India's first new hill station since independence.

Education 
Gulabchand graduated from Sydenham College, Mumbai University, with a bachelor's degree in commerce.

References

External links
Hindustan Construction Company. Executive Biography: Ajit Gulabchand

Businesspeople from Mumbai
Living people
Businesspeople in construction
21st-century Indian Jains
Gujarati people
Walchand family
Construction industry of India
1948 births
Raimund Seidel. Raimund G. Seidel is a German and Austrian theoretical computer scientist and an expert in computational geometry.

Seidel was born in Graz, Austria, and studied with Hermann Maurer at the Graz University of Technology. He earned his M.Sc. in 1981 from University of British Columbia under David G. Kirkpatrick. He received his Ph.D. in 1987 from Cornell University under the supervision of John Gilbert. After teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, he moved in 1994 to Saarland University. In 1997, he and Christoph M. Hoffmann were program chairs for the Symposium on Computational Geometry. In 2014, he took over as Scientific Director of the Leibniz Center for Informatics (LZI) from Reinhard Wilhelm.

Seidel invented backwards analysis of randomized algorithms and used it to analyze a simple linear programming algorithm that runs in linear time for problems of bounded dimension. With his student Cecilia R. Aragon in 1989 he devised the treap data structure, and he is also known for the Kirkpatrick–Seidel algorithm for computing two-dimensional convex hulls.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Austrian computer scientists
German computer scientists
Researchers in geometric algorithms
Cornell University alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Austrian expatriates in the United States
Step (software). Step is an open source two-dimensional physics simulation engine that is included in the KDE SC as a part of KDE Education Project. It includes StepCore, a physical simulation library.

History 

The program was developed by Vladimir Kuznetsov and introduced in February 2007. It was released along with KDE 4.1.

Licensing 
The program is licensed under the terms of GNU General Public License, making it free software.

Description 

Step is based on bodies and forces placed by the user:

 Bodies range from tiny particles to huge polygons, and each body has unique properties that influence the outcome of the simulation, such as mass and velocity, and their derivations such as kinetic energy.
 Forces can be either placed directly by the user or produced by adding gravitation, Coulomb force or other effects.

The program also features springs and soft bodies.

Step allows reverting after simulation, so the user can modify the bodies and forces and see how the outcome of the simulation is affected. All the bodies and forces can also be modified in real time.

The software allows users to add graphs and meters and configure them to any property of any body. This allows, for example, graphing speed or acceleration against time.

References

External links 
 
 Step handbook

KDE software
Free physics software
Software that uses Qt
KDE Education Project
Science education software
Free educational software