omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
REAL Server. REAL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) built on top of the SQLite database engine.

History
REAL Server evolved from the SQLite Server originally developed by SQLabs in 2004. In May 2005 Real Software, Inc., creator of Realbasic, purchased the source code and the copyrights of the SQLite Server and invested in its development. In 2007/2008 the first version of the REAL SQL Server was released. A new version was released in April 2009 and renamed REAL Server. In September 2010 SQLabs repurchased all the server's Intellectual Properties and a new major release is now under development by the SQLabs team.

Connectivity
REAL Server can be used with the following: Realbasic (since renamed xojo), PHP, C SDK, and ODBC.

References

REAL Software (June 12, 2009). "REAL Server". REAL Software. Retrieved on 2009-06-12.

External links
 SQLabs.
 REAL Server, Official REAL Server website

Relational database management systems
Northern Power Systems. Northern Power Systems (founded in 1974) designed, manufactured and sold wind turbines. They provided engineering development services and technology licenses for energy applications globally. It was a multinational corporation with its headquarters in Barre, Vermont, and a European headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland, and a significant presence in the United Kingdom and Italy. Northern Power Systems reported robust revenue growth for the third quarter of 2014 and achieved EBITDA profitability. The company closed in 2019 when its last business unit was sold to WEG Industries.

Northern Power Systems is credited as having been the original company that led to the formation of several companies, including Northern Reliability, Inc. (NRI) and its entrance into energy storage. Northern Reliability was subsequently merged into American battery manufacturer KORE Power, Inc. to become its integrated services division, KORE Solutions, Inc.

Products 
Northern Power Systems manufactured the NPS 60 and NPS 100 wind turbines for community applications; the NPS 100 is rated as having several companies, including Northern Reliability, Inc. (NRI), a 100-kilowatt capacity, and the NPS 60 is rated as having a 60-kilowatt capacity. Northern Power Systems also manufactured the larger 2.3 megawatt turbine designed for industrial applications such as wind farms, named the Northern Power 2X platform.

References

Wind turbine manufacturers
Engineering companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Vermont
1974 establishments in Vermont
American companies established in 1974
Rockwell Ranger 2000. The Rockwell Ranger 2000 was a jet trainer candidate for the United States Joint Primary Aircraft Training System proposed by Rockwell International with assistance from Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH (RFB) in Germany.

Design and development

The United States military issued a Request for proposal for a jet trainer for use by the United States Air Force and United States Navy. Rockwell responded with the Ranger 2000 two-seat, single engined cantilever monoplane. The design was based on the work of RFB, in particular the RFB Fantrainer and the prototypes were built in Germany.

The Ranger 2000 was powered by a Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-5C turbofan mounted in the rear fuselage and fed by two air intakes above the wing roots. It used retractable tricycle landing gear, the wing was straight and low-mounted, and the crew of two sat in tandem with the rear instructor raised to maintain visibility. Both crew had a Stencel zero-zero ejection seat.

The aircraft first flew on 15 January 1993 at Manching in Germany. The second prototype was lost in an accident on 25 July 1993. The first prototype was shipped to Rockwell in the United States but the first flight of the third prototype was delayed until 20 June 1994 for modification, the main change was the move of the speedbrakes from the upper wing surface to the rear fuselage.

The Ranger 2000 did not succeed in the competition, which was won by a variant of the Pilatus PC-9 which became the T-6 Texan II.

Aircraft on display
One of the Ranger 2000s is displayed at the Tulsa Air and Space Museum.

Specifications

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

RFB aircraft
Ranger 2000
1990s United States military trainer aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Ilyushin Il-106. The Ilyushin Il-106 () was a proposed 1990s Russian heavy military transport to replace the Il-76. It would have been a four-engined high-wing cantilever monoplane with a large 34 m (111 ft 7 in) cabin.

In 2016 it was announced that the Il-106 airframe would be re-used for the PAK VTA project, a proposed large military transport aircraft for the Russian Air Force.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
Il-106 on Global Security

Il-108
1990s Russian military transport aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Cessna 526 CitationJet. The Cessna 526 CitationJet was a twinjet trainer candidate for the United States Joint Primary Aircraft Training System proposed by Cessna. It was a twin-engined, tandem seat aircraft, based on the Cessna CitationJet executive aircraft. However, it was unsuccessful, with only two prototypes built.

Design and development
The United States military issued a request for proposal for a trainer to be used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy. Cessna responded with the 526, based on its 525 CitationJet civilian business jet. The 526 and 525 shared 75% commonality including the wings, engines and landing gear. The electrical- hydraulic- and fuel systems were also common to the two types. The 526 had a redesigned fuselage featuring a tandem two-seat cockpit with zero-zero ejection seats; and a new empennage with a low-mounted tailplane instead of the 525's T-tail.

The prototype first flew on 20 December 1993 and was followed by a second prototype with its first flight on 2 March 1994.

The CitationJet did not succeed in the competition, which was won by the turboprop Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, a variant of the Pilatus PC-9.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1990s United States military trainer aircraft
526 CitationJet
Twinjets
Low-wing aircraft
526
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Hugh Daniel. Hugh Daniel (April 19, 1962, Chicago, Illinois – June 3, 2013, Pacifica, California) was a noted computer engineer.

Computer engineering
He was an early participant in the Cypherpunk movement. He contributed significantly to the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF) early standardization of Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) and Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC). He is also noted for having managed the FreeS/WAN (Free Secure Wide-Area Networking) project, with the goal of securing Internet communication via opportunistic encryption of Internet traffic. He co-founded the Openswan project and Libreswan. He worked with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and human rights groups in Guatemala. He worked on Project Xanadu, the first hypertext system and helped set up The WELL (The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link) virtual community. Mr. Daniel was associated with groups responsible for the optical character recognition processing of the PGP5 source code at the HIP'97 con, a Quadrennial Dutch hacker convention that took place from August 8 until August 10, 1997, at the campsite Kotterbos in Almere, Netherlands. His other contributions to the field include work on the original Apple Laserwriter. He worked with John Gilmore’s company Grasshopper Group in San Francisco, California, porting Sun Microsystems' NeWS windowing system to A/UX (Apple Unix).

Interest in spaceflight

Daniel's spent time at the Lick Observatory and was influence early on by Star Trek, having a love of space, with his final resting place being onboard a Memorial Spaceflight.

Daniel's interest in spaceflight led him to work for Starstruck, which built three rockets and successfully launched one sub-orbitally.

His interest in space also lead to long discussions with Landon Curt Noll about Pluto research.  Noll's efforts managed to save the budget of the monitoring of Pioneer and Voyager probes, as well as the New Horizon's probe past Pluto. In thanks, Noll was allowed to write some bytes in the "filler" part of the PROM of New Horizon, including Daniel's IRC handle: ||ugh.

Death
Hugh Daniel died of heart failure at age 51. To honor his enthusiasm and contributions to space, a gram of his remains were launched into space on the Celestis Sunjammer flight, along with Gene and Majel Roddenberry, and James Doohan.

Quotes 

Hugh was known for using expressive words such as "airfort", "Linux children" and "Republicrats". Some of his more famous quotes:

"When you're NAT on the net, you're NOT on the net"

"Beam me up, Scotty; there's no intelligent life here"

"Get me off this planet!"

"I'll be wearing a red shirt; you won't miss me"

References

1962 births
2013 deaths
Issoire APM 40 Simba. The Issoire APM 40 Simba is a four-seat light aircraft manufactured by the French manufacturer Issoire Aviation. It is entirely built from carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. The aircraft's first flight was on 19 May 2009, and it made its public debut at the Paris Air Show in June 2009.

It is a derivative of the 2-seater APM 20 Lionceau and 3-seater APM 30 Lion.

Variants
APM 40 Simba
Powered by a continental IO-240F.
APM 41 Simba 915iS
Powered by a Rotax 915iS. Scheduled to enter service in Q1 of 2017.

Specifications

References

External links

  Issoire Aviation
  Philippe Moniot aircraft

Low-wing aircraft
2000s French civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2009
APM40
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Air data module. An air data module is a component of the navigation system. Each unit converts pneumatic (air pressure) information from a pitot tube or a static port into numerical information which is sent on a data bus. This pressure information is received and processed by the Air Data Reference (ADR) component of the Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU).  This processed information is then sent to one or more display management computers that present information on the cockpit's primary flight display. Airspeed information is also sent to the flight computers and other electronics, including the autoflight subsystem (e.g. flight management and guidance system).

Construction
The air data module is a gas pressure sensor which converts mechanical forces created by gas pressure into digital signals that can be carried to the air data reference unit. ADMs generally have a maintenance bus and communication bus, and a connector on the housing for a pressurized gas line that is connected to the pitot tube or static ports. The maintenance bus can be EIA-485 and the communication bus can be ARINC 429

References

Avionics
Aircraft instruments
Air navigation
Navigational equipment
Half time (physics). Half time is the time taken by a quantity to reach one half of its extremal value, where the rate of change is proportional to the difference between the present value and the extremal value (i.e. in exponential decay processes). It is synonymous with half-life, but used in slightly different contexts.

The diagram shows the increase in the quantity (red) in response to a step-change in the motive force that changes it (blue). The time-axis is in multiples of the half time. It can be seen that the quantity increases to one-half of its final value after one half time, to three-quarters after two half times, to seven-eighths after three half times, and so on.

The relationship between the quantity (Q) and time (t) is described by the mathematical formula:

 

where Qf is the extremal value and λ is a constant, approximately equal to 0.69 divided by the half time – more precisely: ln (2) / (half time).

Where the quantity decreases in response to a step-decrease in the motive force that changes it, the curve is mirrored in the time-axis and may be referred to as exponential decay.

The concept of half time is used in diving physiology where body tissues take up and release inert gases (usually nitrogen) following changes in depth. Different tissue types have different half times for a given inert gas, and modelling the uptake and release of gases by the tissues is important to avoid decompression sickness.

Examples
In electronics, when a capacitor is charged or discharged via a resistor, the voltage on the capacitor follows the above formula, with the half time approximately equal to 0.69 times the time constant, which is equal to the product of the resistance and the capacitance.
The first models of nitrogen uptake and release in the body of a diver used five parallel compartments with half times from 5 minutes to 75 minutes. Later models refined this by considering more compartments and a wider range of half times. The U.S. Navy tables used six compartments with half times of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 120 minutes. The Bühlmann tables use twelve of the sixteen compartments in the ZH-L16 algorithm, which uses half times from 4 to 635 minutes.

See also
Half-life
Dive tables
Bühlmann tables
Dive computer

References

Temporal exponentials
ASTM A325. ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from  in diameter.

The equivalent metric standard is ASTM A325M, which is titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for sizes M12–36.

This is a standard set by the standards organization ASTM International, a voluntary standards development organizations that sets technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.

In 2016, ASTM officially withdrew specification A325 and replaced it with ASTM F3125. To minimize confusion, bolt head markings are unchanged and the designation A325 is retained as a grade name within the new standard. In 1951, A325 bolts were recognized as equivalent to a hot driven ASTM A141 rivet.

Types
The type refers to the type of material used to make the bolt. The standard currently defines two types, however it previously defined the following three:

Type 1: Medium carbon steel, boron steel, or medium carbon alloy steel
Type 2: Low carbon martensitic steel (withdrawn from the standard in 1991)
Type 3: Weathering steel
There is also a T version, which is used to refer to fully threaded bolts.

Note that independent of the material the bolt is quenched and tempered.

Connection types
There are also three connection types defined:

SC: A slip critical connection.
N: A bearing type connection where the threads are on the shear plane.
X: A bearing type connection where the threads are not on the shear plane.

Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties, imperial 
These types of bolts are designed to be tightened to near their proof strength, in order to create significant bolt tension. The standard states that the bolts must be tightened to at least 70% of the tensile yield strength. These bolts use the same material as their common cousins (ASTM F568M for metric bolts), but have a thicker and wider head to more effectively distribute the load. This modified geometry is often referred to as heavy hex geometry. Nuts must meet ASTM A563, which also uses heavy hex geometry. Dimensions of heavy hex geometry are per document ANSI/ASME B18.2.6, which uses "coarse" threads as defined by Unified Thread Standard.

ASTM 325 bolts can be considered equivalent to Grade 8.8 bolts according to ASTM F568M.

For a higher strength version of this type of bolt, see ASTM A490.

Mechanical properties, metric 
/mm

See also 
 ASTM F568M

References

ASTM standards
Screws
Dongan Engine Manufacturing Company. The Dongan Engine Manufacturing Company is a Chinese engine manufacturer founded in 1948.

Also known as the Harbin Engine Factory it first produced the HS7 a 14-cylinder radial piston engine for the Z-5 helicopter.

Engines
Dongan HS7 1268 kW (1700 hp) 14-cylinder radial piston engine.
Dongan HS8 1380 kW (1850 hp) 
Dongan WJ5A single shaft turboprop for the Xian Y-7 and Harbin SH-5
Dongan WJ5E single shaft turboprop for the Xian Y7-200B developed with the help of General Electric

References

Notes

Bibliography

Aircraft engine manufacturers of China
Dongan WJ-5. The Dongan WJ-5 is a Chinese single-shaft turboprop aero engine built by the Dongan Engine Manufacturing Company for the Xian Y-7 twin-engined transport.

Variants
WJ-5A
Main production variant of 2162 ekW (2900 ehp)
WJ-5E
Improved variant for the Xian Y-7-200 sometimes referred to as the WJ-5A-1G. Developed with the help of General Electric
WZ-5
A turboshaft version of the WJ-5, which failed to progress beyond the prototype stage.

Application
Harbin SH-5
Xian Y-7

References

Notes

Bibliography

1970s turboprop engines
Milton S. Plesset. Milton Spinoza Plesset (7 February 1908 – 19 February 1991) was an American applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1979 for his fundamental contributions to multiphase flows, bubble dynamics, and safety of nuclear reactors. Plesset served as professor of engineering science at California Institute of Technology during 1951 to 1978. Notable scientists Andrea Prosperetti, Norman Zabusky, and Chris Whipple finished their doctoral work under Plesset's guidance. Milton Plesset, Andrea Prosperetti, and Chris Whipple were elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

He with Christian Møller are known for the Møller–Plesset perturbation theory.
The Rayleigh–Plesset equation describing the dynamics of a bubble in an infinite body of fluid is also named after him.

Education and work
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Plesset received his bachelor's degree from University of Pittsburgh in 1929 and a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1932. Soon after his Ph.D. Plesset joined Caltech and worked with Robert Oppenheimer. Together, they undertook a theoretical study of positrons using the Dirac equation in quantum electrodynamics to show how electron-positron pairs were formed.

References

External links

1908 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American engineers
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Yale University alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
American fluid dynamicists
University of Rochester faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Meter data management. Meter data management (MDM) refers to software that performs long-term data storage and management for the vast quantities of data delivered by smart metering systems.  This data consists primarily of usage data and events that are imported from the head-end servers managing the data collection in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) or automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. MDM is a component in the smart grid infrastructure promoted by utility companies. This may also incorporate meter data analytics, the analysis of data emitted by electric smart meters that record consumption of electric energy.

MDM systems
An MDM system will typically import the data, then validate, cleanse and process it before making it available for billing and analysis. 

Products for meter data include:  
 Smart meter deployment planning and management;  
 Meter and network asset monitoring and management;  
 Automated smart meter provisioning (i.e. addition, deletion and updating of meter information at utility and AMR side) and billing cutover;  
 Meter-to-cash system, workforce management system, asset management and other systems. 

Furthermore, an MDM may provide reporting capabilities for load and demand forecasting, management reports, and customer service metrics.

An MDM provide application programming interfaces (APIs) between the MDM and the multiple destinations that rely on meter data. This is the first step to ensure that consistent processes and 'understanding' get applied to the data. Besides this common functionality, an advanced MDM may provide facility for remote connect/disconnect of meters, power status verification/power restoration verification and on demand read of remote meters.

Data analysis
Smart meters send usage data to the central head end systems as often as every minute from each meter whether installed at a residential or a commercial or an industrial customer. Utility companies sometimes analyze this voluminous data as well as collect it. Some of the reasons for analysis are

 to make efficient energy buying decisions based on the usage patterns,
 launching energy efficiency or energy rebate programs,
 energy theft detection,
 comparing and correcting metering service provider performance, and
 detecting and reducing unbilled energy. 

This data not only helps utility companies make their businesses more efficient, but also helps consumers save money by using less energy at peak times. So, it is both economical and green. Smart meter infrastructure is fairly new to Utilities industry. As utility companies collect more and more data over the years, they may uncover further uses to these detailed smart meter activities. Similar analysis can be applied to water and gas as well as electric usage.

According to a 2012 web posting, data that is required for complete meter data analytics may not reside in the same database. Instead, it might reside in disparate databases among various departments of utility companies.

See also
 Automatic meter reading
 Advanced metering infrastructure
 Smart grid
 Smart meter

References

 
Flow meters
Public services

Data analysis
TrafficShaperXP. Traffic Shaper XP is a traffic shaping utility for the Windows operating system, which can be used to control the rate at which specific programs upload/download data.

Criticism 
The free version of the software only supports a maximum of five rules and ten addresses and limits network traffic to 3,687 kbit/s.

Similar products
NetLimiter
cFosSpeed

References

External links
 

Internet Protocol based network software
Utilities for Windows
Atlas ACE. The Atlas ACE is a South African turboprop trainer, that was designed by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation as a contender to replace the North American Harvard in service with the South African Air Force. The aircraft was not selected and only two examples were completed.

Design and development
The design originated as the 1986 Project Ovid by the government research agency Aerotek, as a composites technology demonstrator. In 1991 the design was entered into a competition to replace the North American Harvard by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation as the ACE (All Composite Evaluator).

The ACE is a tandem two-seat low-wing cantilever monoplane powered by a Pratt & Whitney PT6A turboprop. It has a retractable nosewheel landing gear and a conventional tail unit. The aircraft is constructed from carbon fiber composites.

The prototype was first flown on 29 April 1991, but did not win the competition which was awarded to the Pilatus PC-7.

On 14 January 1995 the prototype was lost in a wheels up landing at Jan Smuts Airport. The second improved aircraft was scheduled to fly, but the design was not developed.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1990s South African military trainer aircraft
Single-engined turboprop aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
ACE
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft