omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wolffram's red salt. Wolffram’s Red Salt is an inorganic compound with the double salt formula [Pt(C2H5NH2)4Cl2] [Pt(C2H5NH2)4]Cl4·4H2O. This compound is an early example of a one-dimensional coordination polymer, serving as a representative structure for studies in solid-state physics. This species has been of interest due to the unusual mixed valence system of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) bridged by a chlorine atom. The deep red color of the double salt, where the components were colorless, piqued the interest of early inorganic chemists and ultimately inspired studies into the physical properties of the compound in search of potential applications.

History
In 1850, Charles-Adolphe Wurtz described a colorless platinum tetrammine with the formula [Pt(etn)4]Cl2 2H2O; Wolffram (H. Wolffram, Dissertation, Königsberg, 1900.), whom the compound is named after, obtained a red salt from this by action of hydrogen peroxide in hydrochloric acid, and initially considered it to be isomeric with Wurtz’s salt. With no known case of plato-tetrammine isomerism at the time, this prompted extensive discussion in the literature of the true nature and properties of Wolffram’s Red Salt.

Preparation
Reihlen and Flohr demonstrated that Wolffram’s salt could be prepared directly by mixing aqueous solutions of the colorless [Pt(etn)4]Cl2 and its yellow analogue, [Pt(etn)4Cl2]Cl2, where etn = NH2CH2CH3, leading to the most probable conclusion of the double salt formula, [Pt(C2H5NH2)4Cl2] [Pt(C2H5NH2)4]Cl4·4H2O, compared with concurrently postulated explanations of tervalent platinum.

Studies
Early explanations for the deep red color of the salt were attributed to the special structure of the crystal lattice, albeit with little explanation. While Drew & Tess attempted to explain the deep color of this compound based on the assumption of a Pt(III) species, Jensen established the diamagnetism of the compound and proved that it did not involve Pt(III). Spectrochemical studies on the compound crystals concluded that the deep color of Wolffram’s salt crystals is due to the stacking of the “infinite chains” - linear Pt(II)/Pt(IV) stacked on top of each other.
In 1960, the crystal structure was shown to be consistent with the formulated double salt, inspiring examinations of other analogues to compare and better understand this unique coordination pattern.
Solid-state physical examinations were conducted to further elucidate the charge transfer across the mixed valence chain and potentially find use as semiconductors. X-ray scattering studies were performed, explicitly showing the mixed valence chain structure. Optical properties were probed, as well as potential use as a photocatalyst, albeit with disappointing results.

References

Platinum compounds
Inorganic compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Chloro complexes
Mixed valence compounds
Jonathan How. Jonathan P. How is a Canadian-American astrophysicist and aeronautical engineer currently the Richard Cockburn Maclaurin Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His current research focuses on technology systems engineering and space engineering.

How was born in England in 1965. He earned a bachelor's degree in engineering from the University of Toronto before attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned a master's degree and Ph.D. in aerospace engineering. After getting his doctorate, he became an assistant professor at Stanford University. He returned to MIT as a professor in 2000.

How is director of the Ford-MIT Alliance. He was editor-in-chief of IEEE Control Systems Magazine and one of the associate editors for Journal of Aerospace Information Systems of AIAA. He was a member of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) for the United States Air Force.

Awards
From 1994-1997, How was the Davis Faculty Scholar in the School of Engineering at Stanford University. 

How, along with coauthors Dr. Chan-Woo Park and Dr. Larry Capots, received the Institute of Navigation Burka Award for their paper “Sensing Technologies for Formation-Flying Spacecraft in LEO Using CDGPS and an Interspacecraft Communications System” in 2002. 

Further, How has won the AIAA Best Paper in Conference Award in 2011, 2012, and 2013. In 2011, he earned the IFAC Automatica award for best applications paper.  In 2015, How won the AeroLion Technologies Outstanding Paper Award for the Journal Unmanned Systems. 

In 2016, How was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; two years later he became a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). In 2021, How was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to decision making and control of intelligent autonomous aerospace vehicles.

References

20th-century births
Living people
Canadian physicists
University of Toronto alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University faculty
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Mark Drela. Mark Drela (July 1, 1959) is an American aeronautical engineer, currently the Professor of Fluid Dynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an Elected Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is primarily concerned with computational engineering, design, and optimization. Drela is famed for his work on aerodynamics software:
 XFOIL for airfoil analysis using a panel method
 Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL) for flight dynamic analysis using a vortex lattice method
 MISES for design and analysis of turbo machinery blading

In 2009, Drela was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for creation of breakthrough aircraft designs and design software that enabled operation in new flight regimes.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
21st-century American physicists
Edward Greitzer. Edward M. Greitzer is an American physicist currently the H. N. Slater Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

Greitzer was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 1995 for contributions to aircraft gas-turbine compressor aerodynamics and leadership of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory. He is also a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Royal Academy of Engineering and ASME. 

His vast research includes turbomachinery, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, energy, internal flows, fluid systems and gas turbines and engine design.

Education
A.B. (Physics), 1962 Harvard College
S.M. (Engineering), 1964 Harvard University
Ph.D. 1970 (Mechanical Engineering), Harvard University

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
21st-century American physicists
Harvard College alumni
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Laurence R. Young. Laurence R. Young (December 19, 1935 – August 4, 2021) was an American physicist. He was the Apollo Program Professor Emeritus of Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an Elected Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Biomedical Engineering Society and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Life 
He received an A.B. from Amherst College in 1957; a Certificate in Applied Mathematics from the Sorbonne, Paris as a French Government Fellow in 1958; S.B. and S.M. degrees in Electrical Engineering and the Sc.D. degree in Instrumentation from MIT.

From 1957 to 1962. Young was a backup payload specialist for the Spacelab mission STS-58 in 1993. He was Apollo Program Professor at MIT.

He died on August 4, 2021.

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
MIT School of Engineering faculty
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the IEEE
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Fellows of the Biomedical Engineering Society
Amherst College alumni
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Daedalus Flight Pack. The Daedalus Flight Pack is a jet suit capable of flying, hovering and powered jumps. It was created by British inventor Richard Browning, an athlete and Royal Marine Reservist. The Daedalus is different from other manned portable flight packs in that it uses additional jets attached to the hands. These enable it to be directed by moving the arms.

Name
The jet suit which Browning developed was named the Daedalus Suit, a name chosen by Browning's son when he was aged eight, in reference to Daedalus of Greek mythology, although  the name is not used on the company's website.

History 
Richard Browning first started work on the project in the year 2016. The suit has been likened to the comic character Iron Man. Browning formed his own company, Gravity Industries, and used his own funding for development work. The first published test flight was revealed at the 2017 TED conference in Vancouver. Browning experimented with different numbers, configurations and arrays of jets, with varying degrees of success, before coming up with his current configuration. While initial funding came from Browning himself, since the success of the project, he has received promotional support from the Red Bull energy drink company.

In September 2020, it was reported that the Great North Air Ambulance service was considering using this jet suit to enable paramedics to reach casualties in the mountainous Lake District. By March 2022 the operational director of the GNAA, Andy Mawson, had been trained to fly and the service hoped to start using jet suits in summer 2022.

Technical specifications 
The jets and powerpack are affixed to the wearer with metal frames; it uses five micro-gas turbines - two on each arm and one on the back. Their power is , with the turbines running at 120,000 rpm. The unit weighs  and has a maximum flight time of 10 minutes, with a current speed record of . The flight pack can reach altitudes of , though it is envisaged that in normal use, it would be flown at only three or four metres above the ground.

Projected initial cost for purchase is US$250,000, although this projection is expected to come down after full production. Browning says of the technology: “Our mission is to build an inspirational technology company by re-imagining the future of human flight and pioneering aeronautical innovation.” The flight pack incorporates a heads up display which displays for the user operating information, including top speed, fuel left, etc.

General 
Gravity Industries have said that they will require the user to be vetted before use. In 2017, the Daedalus flight pack set a speed record for flight packs, at 32.02 miles per hour (51.53 kilometers per hour), awarded by the Guinness Book of Records. In 2020, YouTuber Colin Furze, known for wacky inventions and functional interpretations of movie props, video game gadgets, and other fictional devices, was given the opportunity to learn how to fly the flight pack. He made a video where he showed the process of learning to fly it, then strapped a Back to The Future Part II hoverboard onto his feet so he could "hoverboard".

References 

Inventions
Jet pack
Sikorsky S-15. The Sikorsky S-15 was a single engine light bomber floatplane built in 1913 at the  Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works while Igor Sikorsky was the chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division. Similar in design to the Sikorsky S-10, only one example of this biplane was produced.

References

S-15
Biplanes
S-15
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1913
S series. S series or Series-S may refer to:

Technology
 S-Series (rocket family), funded by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
 Fujifilm FinePix S-series
 Minolta Vectis S series, cameras
 Samsung Galaxy S series, smartphones and tablets
 Sony Ericsson S series, a series of cell phones
 Walkman S Series, Sony portable media players
 Xbox Series S, an Xbox videogame console from Microsoft

Computing
 IdeaPad S series, by Lenovo
 Sony Vaio S series, netbooks
 S series, Acer Aspire laptops
 Apple S series, processors used in the Apple Watch
 S series, Lenovo ThinkPad laptops
 S series, of HP ProBook notebook computers
 S series, Force10 network switches

Transportation
 Bedford S series, trucks
 Chevrolet S-series, pickup trucks
 GMC S-Series, school bus
 International S series, trucks
 International S series (bus chassis)
 S series (Toronto subway), rapid transit rolling stock
 Saturn S series, compact cars
 Waco S series, biplanes
 S series, of BMW engines
 S series, services of Calcutta State Transport Corporation
 S series, Meguro motorcycles
 S-series, Toyota LiteAce vans

Other uses
 Ibanez S series, guitar
 S-series Dungeons & Dragons modules, of the fantasy tabletop role-playing game
 S-Series of ILS specifications, specifications for integrated logistics support
 S series, supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union

See also

 S (disambiguation)
Biing-Hwang (Fred) Juang. Biing Hwang "Fred" Juang (Chinese name: 莊炳湟) is a communication and information scientist, best known for his work in speech coding, speech recognition and acoustic signal processing. He joined Georgia Institute of Technology in 2002 as Motorola Foundation Chair Professor in the School of Electrical & Computer Engineering.

In 2004, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to speech coding and speech recognition.

Life and career 
He earned his education at University of California, Santa Barbara. He did research on vocal tract modeling at Speech Communications Research Laboratory (SCRL) with Hisashi Wakita and then joined Signal Technology, Inc. (STI) in 1979, while still a Ph.D. student at UCSB (Advisor: A.H. Gray, Jr.), to work on a number of Government-sponsored research projects. In 1982, he moved to the U.S. east coast to join Bell Laboratories. His work includes development of vector quantization for voice applications, voice coders at extremely low bit rates (800 bit/s and 300 bit/s), robust vocoders for satellite communications, fundamental algorithms in signal modeling for automatic speech recognition, hidden Markov models, segmental clustering algorithms, discriminative methods in pattern recognition and machine learning, stereo- and multi-phonic teleconferencing, and a number of voice-enabled interactive communication services. Aside from various algorithms that are in widespread use today, he is also accredited with the conceptual breakthrough of direct error minimization for pattern recognition, which substantially augments the century-old methodology of Thomas Bayes' distribution estimation approach. He was Director of Acoustics and Speech Research at Bell Labs in late 1990s. He joined Georgia Tech in 2002.

Awards and recognitions
 Distinguished Alumni Award, National Taiwan University, November 2020
 Research Excellence Award, The Pan Wen Yuan Foundation, 2017.
 IEEE Field Award, James L. Flanagan Medal in Speech and Audio Processing, 2014 
 Charter Fellow, National Academy of Inventors, 2013
 Outstanding Technical Achievement Award, Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2007
 Elected Academician, Academia Sinica, 2006
 Elected Member, National Academy of Engineering (NAE), 2004
 Bell Labs Fellow, 1999 
 Fellow, IEEE, 1991
 Technical Achievement Award, IEEE Signal Processing Society, 1998 
 Third Millennium Medal, IEEE, 2000, for contributions to the field of speech processing and communications 
 Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 1996–2002 
 Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Signal Processing Society, 1999

Recent publications 
 Digital Speech Processing, B. H. Juang, M. M. Sondhi, and L. R. Rabiner, Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition, Volume 4, pp. 485–500, 2002.

References

External links 

 ece.gatech.edu

21st-century American engineers
Georgia Tech faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Daniel Siewiorek. Daniel P. Siewiorek is an American computer engineer and computer scientist, currently the Buhl University Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.

His research focuses on electronic design automation, reliability computing, and context aware mobile computing; he has also done research in wearable computing, computer-aided design, rapid prototyping, fault-tolerant computing, and computer architecture. At Carnegie Mellon University, he initiated and guided the Cm* project, which culminated in an operational 50-processor multiprocessor system. He has designed or been involved with the design of nine multiprocessor systems, and has also been a key contributor to the dependability design of over two dozen commercial computing systems. He currently leads an interdisciplinary team that has designed and constructed over 20 generations of mobile computing systems. He has written nine textbooks in addition to over 475 papers.

He is the former Director of Carnegie Mellon University's Quality of Life Technology NSF Engineering Research Center, Director of the Engineering Design Research Center, cofounder of its successor organization, the Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, and Department Head of the Human Computer Interaction Institute. He has also served as Chairman of the IEEE Technical Committee on Fault-Tolerant Computing, and founding Chairman of the IEEE Technical Committee on Wearable Information Systems.

He has been the recipient of the AAEE Terman Award, the IEEE/ACM Eckert–Mauchly Award, the ACM SIGMOBILE Outstanding Contributions Award. In February 2018, he was awarded the IEEE Computer Society Taylor L. Booth Education Award for "contributions to computer architecture, wearable computing, and human computer interaction education through his pioneering textbooks, mentoring, and leadership."

He is a Fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He was also elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2000 for contributions to wearable computers, multiprocessor design, reliable systems, and automated design synthesis.

Education 
Daniel P. Siewiorek received a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1968. He then attended Stanford University, graduating with a Master of Arts (M.A.) in Electrical Engineering with a minor in Computer Science in 1969, and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), also in Electrical Engineering, in 1972.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
American computer scientists
21st-century American engineers
Stanford University alumni
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
1994 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Robert George Ward. Robert George (Bob) Ward  (c.19282013) was a British and Australian metallurgist. He came from Farnborough, Hampshire and became was Professor of Metallurgy at McMaster University (Ontario, Canada). In 1966 he moved to BHP in Melbourne, Australia. From 1991 to 1992 he was Australia's Chief Defence Scientist at the Defence Science and Technology Organisation.

Ward became Head of Research at BHP in 1966. He was General Manager of Planning and Research in 1970-1974 and General Manager of Research and New Technology in 1974-1988. He was Deputy Chairman of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, and a member of the National Energy Research and Development Council and the Advisory Council of the CSIRO.

He was appointed a Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences (ATSE) in 1976.

Ward died in Melbourne on 5 May 2013, aged 85.

References

Australian metallurgists
Chief Defence Scientists
2013 deaths
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
1920s births
Game Composites GB1 GameBird. The Game Composites GB1 GameBird is a British single-engine, two-seat, aerobatic aircraft that was designed by Philipp Steinbach and the first prototype was built by Game Composites.

Steinbach is a German aircraft designer, but not an aeronautical engineer, so he enlisted the aid of two engineers, Jing Dai and Robert Finney, to complete the design. The design work was done in the United Kingdom under Game Composites Limited of London. The aircraft is built under licence by Game Composites LLC in Bentonville, Arkansas, United States.

Design and development
The GameBird is a composite structure tandem two-seat, low-wing, cantilever monoplane powered by a  Lycoming AEIO-580-B1A piston engine. The GameBird has a fixed conventional landing gear with a steerable tailwheel.

The prototype GameBird first flew on 15 July 2015.

The GameBird was certified by European Aviation Safety Agency in the CS-23 Aerobatic category on 12 April 2017 and by the US Federal Aviation Administration under FAR 23 on 29 August 2017. Game Composites received a production certificate from the FAA in June, 2019.

As of 26 September 2021, there were 32 GB1 aircraft registered in the US.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

2010s British sport aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2015
Flight 706. Flight 706 may refer to:

 Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706 (1961, Chicago O'Hare), Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed on take-off — maintenance error 
 Hughes Airwest Flight 706 (1971, California), a DC-9 passenger jet collided with F-4 Phantom fighter jet
 British European Airways Flight 706 (1971, Belgium), spun out of control — corrosion caused rear pressure bulkhead failure 
 Air Vietnam Flight 706 (1974, South Vietnam), hijacked and crashed
 Proteus Airlines Flight 706 (1998, France), a Beechcraft collided with a Cessna whose transponder was switched off

0706
Abacus Institute of Engineering and Management. The Abacus Institute of Engineering and Management or AIEM is an undergraduate engineering college in West Bengal, India. It was established in 2008 under a joint venture of JIS and Techno India Group. The college is affiliated with Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology and all the programmes are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

The campus is located at Natungram, Magra, Hooghly. 

Five Btech courses and four diploma courses are offered.

Courses

Btech Courses
CSE (90) 
ECE (60)
EE (60)
ME (90)
CIVIL (60)

Diploma courses
Computer Science and Technology (CST-60)
Mechanical Engineering (ME-60)
CIVIL Engineering (CE-60)
Electrical Engineering (EE-60)

Professional courses
BBA (60)
BCA (60)

References

Universities and colleges established in 2008
2008 establishments in West Bengal
Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Universities and colleges in Hooghly district