omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ranger L-440. The Ranger L-440 (company designation 6-440C)  are six-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled aero-engines produced by the Ranger Aircraft Engine Division of the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation of Farmingdale, New York, United States. The engine was mainly produced for Fairchild's family of training aircraft in the mid-1930s.

According to H.L. Puckett, "Ranger developed a system of air cooling all cylinders to a high degree of uniformity. The system employed air under pressure, admitted through an opening in the front of the engine cowling. The air traveled through the tunnel from the air scoop. The tunnel, with one side fitted with corrugations, directed the air against the cylinders at relatively equal pressure and volume. Baffles between the cylinders directed the air past machined cooling fins around the cylinder barrels and heads. This gave remarkably balanced temperature range in level flight..."

The Chromoly crankshaft with moveable counterweights on the rear to control torsional vibration. According to Puckett, "All main journals and crankpins are hollow for lightness and so that they may serve as oil reservoirs. Oil passages from the main bearings to the connecting rod bearings are drilled in each crankcheck so that each rod bearing is fed by two oil passages. The crankshaft is drilled so that excess oil from the main bearings is forced into the hollow journal and thence through tubes in the crankchecks to hollow crank pins." The crankcase is made of aluminum alloy.  

Ranger manufactured the cylinder barrels from rough alloy steel forgings, while the pistons were machined from aluminum alloy castings, and the connecting rods were machined from chromoly steel forgings. The alloy steel forging camshaft was bolted to the cylinder heads, and driven by a vertical drive shaft.

Oil pumps, scavenge and pressure, were provided for engine oil distribution and return, as well as an oil cooler. Two Bendix-Scintilla magnetos were standard, with the left one incorporating impulse coupling. Also standard was a Stromberg carburetor, and either an electric or manual starter. Generators were either made by Ranger or Bendix, though the PT-26 used a wind driven generator.

Variants
6-440C-2
175hp variant with a 6:1 compression ratio.
6-440C-3
180hp variant with a 6.2:1 compression ratio.
6-440C-4
190hp variant with a 6.8:1 compression ratio.
6-440C-5
200hp variant with a 7.5:1 compression ratio.

Applications
 Fairchild 24
 Fairchild PT-19/26
 Falconar SAL Mustang
 Grumman Widgeon
 Maestranza Central de Aviación HF XX-02
 St. Louis PT-LM-4

Specifications (6-440C-2)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
1930s aircraft piston engines
Inverted aircraft piston engines
Straight-six engines
DB Class V 65. The DB Class V 65 locomotives (from 1968: Class 265) were German, eight-wheeled, rod-coupled diesel locomotives operated by Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) intended for light railway services and medium-heavy shunting duties. The 15 locomotives were delivered in 1956 by MaK (Kiel) to the DB.

Description
Class V 65/Class 265 engines were delivered to the DB shortly after the arrival in service of the first V 60s. Amongst their special features were the MaK motor with only 750 rpm and the Beugniot lever between the individual axles, that improved curve running. For train heating the engine had a boiler that was heated by the engine's exhaust gases. The engine itself had to be pre-heated with a Dofa coke oven. For this purpose up to 100 kg of coke could be carried.

Although, with only 15 units, the Class V 65 was built in relatively small numbers, it was really only a slight modification of the 600 D built by MaK for private railways. These belonged to the so-called , that were operated in large numbers by private railways. Their power ranged between .

Operations
The locomotives were initially deployed in the area of Marburg/Lahn ahead of light passenger trains, but in 1964 they were replaced by the more powerful V 100. After that, five examples were used for shunting duties at Puttgarden ferryboat station until 1980, being stationed at the depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) at Puttgarden. The remainder were employed at Hamburg-Altona where their duties included working on the Hamburg Harbour railway.

Locomotive V 65 001 has been preserved and, after a term with the Meppen-Haselünne Railway is now looked after by the Osnabrück Steam Railway Society (Osnabrücker Dampflokfreunden) and is used as a museum railway engine. Another V65, number V 65 011, has been loaned by the DB Museum to the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum owned by the DGEG.

Appearance in film 
In the first scenes of the 1962 film Die Tür mit den sieben Schlössern (The Door with the Seven Locks) a DB V 65 engine can clearly be seen standing in the station. This reveals that the scenes were filmed in a German station and not - as the film tries to suggest by the use of various English signs - at a station in London.

See also 
 List of DB locomotives and railbuses

External links 
 V65 bei www.loks-aus-kiel.de

V 065
D locomotives
MaK locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1956
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Shunting locomotives
Cross-sea traffic ways. Cross-sea traffic ways are vehicle or railroad traffic ways across the sea. Such traffic ways could include bridges or tunnels.

Sea bridges

Existing sea bridges
Anping Bridge (China)
Donghai Bridge (China)
Haicang Bridge (China)
Hangzhou Bay Bridge (China)
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (China)
Jiangnanshan Bridge (China)
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge and Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel (China)
Jintang Bridge (China)
Pingtan Strait Road–Rail Bridge (China)
Xiamen Zhangzhou Bridge (China)
Xihoumen Bridge (China)
Zhanjiang Bay Bridge (China)
Zhujiajian Strait Bridge (China)
Øresund Bridge (Denmark-Sweden)
Great Belt Bridge (Denmark)
King Fahd Causeway (Saudi Arabia-Bahrain)
Bandra–Worli Sea Link (India)
Pamban Bridge (India)
Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (India)
China Maldives Friendship Bridge (Maldives)
Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel (United States)
Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel (United States)
Monitor–Merrimac Memorial Bridge–Tunnel (United States)
Golden Gate Bridge (United States)
Overseas Highway (United States)
Confederation Bridge (Canada)
Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (Japan)
Michael Davitt Bridge (Ireland–Achill Island)
Amur Bay Bridge (Russia)
Kola Bay Bridge (Russia)
Russky Bridge (Russia)
Zolotoy Bridge (Russia)
Muksalma Dam (Russia)
Saint Petersburg Dam (Russia)
Western High-Speed Diameter (Russia)
Bridge across the Malaya Porya Bay (Russia)
Road bridge across the Kanda Bay (Russia)
Road dam across the Kanda Bay (Russia)
 Railway bridge across the Kanda Bay (Russia)
 Railway dam across the Kanda Bay (Russia)
Crimean Bridge (Russian-occupied Ukraine)
Pelješac Bridge (Croatia)

Sea bridges under construction
Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge (China)
Versova–Bandra Sea Link (India)

Planned or proposed sea bridges
Bohai Bay Bridge (China)
Gibraltar Bridge (Spain–Morocco)
Strait of Messina Bridge (Italy)
Bridge of the Horns (Djibouti–Yemen)
Bering Strait bridge (Russia–United States)
Sakhalin bridge (Russia)
Sunda Strait Bridge (Indonesia)
Irish Sea Bridge (Great Britain–Ireland)
Qatar Bahrain Causeway bridge (Qatar–Bahrain)
Palk Strait Bridge (Sri Lanka–India)

Former bridges 
 Kerch railway bridge (Russian SFSR, Soviet Union)

Sea tunnels

Existing sea tunnels
Dalian Bay Subsea Tunnel (China)
Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel (China)
Xiamen XiangAn Tunnel (China)
Xiamen–Haicang Undersea Tunnel (China)
Channel Tunnel (France-United Kingdom)
Seikan Tunnel (Japan)

Sea tunnels under construction
Second Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel (China)
Shantou SuAi Bay Subsea Tunnel (China)
Shenzhen Mawan Cross-Sea Tunnel (China)
Xidian Bay Subsea Tunnel (China)
Fehmarn Belt fixed link

Planned or proposed sea tunnels
Bohai Strait tunnel (China)
Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel (Japan–Korea)
Qiongzhou Strait Tunnel (China)
Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project (China)
Sakhalin Tunnel (Russia)

Traffic dams
Väinatamm (Saaremaa–Muhu)

References

 
Transport buildings and structures
LD&ECR Class A. The LD&ECR class A (LNER Class N6) was a class of 0-6-2T steam locomotives of the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway.  An initial batch of eight was ordered and built in 1895. An order for 15 more was placed in 1899 but five of these were not delivered because the LD&ECR was unable to pay for them. The undelivered locomotives were re-sold by Kitson & Co. to the Hull and Barnsley Railway and became H&BR Class F1 (LNER Class N11). There are some detail differences between the LD&ECR class A and the H&BR Class F1 but these were the result of later modifications.

References

 

A
0-6-2T locomotives
Kitson locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1895
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain

Freight locomotives
Stinson Airliner. The Stinson SM-6000 Airliner was a 1930s three-engined (trimotor) ten-passenger airliner designed and built by the Stinson Aircraft Corporation. The SM-6000 was a high-wing braced monoplane with room for a pilot and a cabin for ten passengers. It was powered by three 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming R-680 engines strut-mounted one each side above the main landing gear units and one in the nose. A number of variants were built mainly with improved interiors. In 1932 the Model U Airliner was produced which had low-set stub wings with additional two engines mounted on each wing complementing the existing nose mounted center engine.

Variants
Corman 6000
The initial prototypes produced by the Corman aircraft Co. as part of the E L Cord empire.
SM-6000 Airliner
1930 initial production variant with three 215hp (160kW) Lycoming R-680 engines.
SM-6000-A Airliner
1930 variant available with different interior configurations.

SM-6000-B1 Airliner
1931 all-passenger variant with better interior equipment.
SM-6000-B2 Airliner
As the B1 but with a mixed mail/passenger interior.
Model U Airliner
1932 improved model with three 240hp (179kW) Lycoming R-680-BA engines on stub wings.
C-91
United States military designation for one SM-6000-A (s/n 42-79547) impressed into service in 1942.

Survivors
Only two of these high-wing models are known to exist.  One is owned and operated by Mid America Flight Museum in Mount Pleasant, TX, the other by Kermit Weeks and is maintained in airworthy condition at Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida.

Operators

American Airways
Boston-Maine Central Vermont Airways
Century Airlines
Chesapeake Airways
Chicago and Southern Airlines
Delta Air Lines
National Airlines System
New York, Philadelphia and Washington Airway Corporation aka Ludington Airline
Rapid Air Lines

INAEC Iloilo Negros Air Express Company

Specifications (SM-6000-B)

Notes

References

External links

1930s United States airliners
Airliner
Trimotors
High-wing aircraft
Turkish Airlines Flight 278. Turkish Airlines Flight 278, operated by a Boeing 737-4Y0 registered TC-JES and named Mersin, was a domestic scheduled flight from Ankara Esenboğa Airport to Van Ferit Melen Airport in eastern Turkey that crashed on 29 December 1994 during its final approach to land in driving snow. Five of the seven crew and 52 of the 69 passengers lost their lives, while two crew members and 17 passengers survived with serious injuries.

Aircraft
The aircraft, a Boeing 737-400 with two CFMI CFM56-3C1 jet engines, was built by Boeing with manufacturer serial number 26074/2376, and made its first flight on 25 September 1992.
The captain was Adem Ungun, and the first officer was Yavuz Alıcı.

Crash
At 15:30 EET (13:30 UTC) on 29 December 1994, the plane struck a hill near Edremit district of Van Province at  above mean sea level around  from Van Airport while on a third VOR-DME approach to the Runway 03 in bad weather, despite a warning from air traffic control not to attempt any more approaches in a snowstorm. The visibility was  reducing to  in heavy driving snow.

It was the deadliest aviation accident involving a Boeing 737-400 at that time. It was subsequently surpassed by Adam Air Flight 574 which crashed on 1 January 2007 with 102 fatalities, and fourth deadliest aircraft accident in Turkey at that time.

Victims
The aircraft had a crew of 7 and 69 passengers including two babies. Two of the crew and 17 passengers survived the crash with serious injuries.

See also
 List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1994
Aviation accidents and incidents in Turkey
1994 in Turkey
278
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Classic
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
History of Van Province
1994 meteorology
December 1994 events in Europe
James Stirling (engineer, born 1799). James Stirling (3 March 1799, Methven – 10 January 1876, Edinburgh) was a Scottish engineer, and brother of Robert Stirling. He originally specialised railway engines and later in dock gates and weirs

Life

He was born at Cloag Farm near Methven in Perthshire, the son of Patrick and Janet Stirling. He originally studied divinity, intending to be a minister in the Church of Scotland. However, inspired by his brother Robert, he instead decided to be an engineer, and was apprenticed to Claude Girdwood & Co in Glasgow as a mechanical engineer. The company specialised in making cotton gins.

He then became manager of the Dundee Foundry, which built several locomotives for the Dundee and Newtyle Railway. In 1827 he patented, together with his brother Robert Stirling an Air engine.

In 1842 he built the Dundee hot air engine. The first engine of this kind which, after various modifications, was efficiently constructed and heated, had a cylinder of 12 inches (approx. 30 cm) in diameter, with a length of stroke of 2 feet (approx. 61 cm), and made 40 strokes or revolutions in a minute (40 rpm). This engine moved all the machinery at the Dundee Foundry Company's works for eight or ten months, and was previously found capable of raising 700,000 lbs one foot in a minute (approx. 21 HP).

James Stirling and Co was located at East Foundry/Victoria Foundry, Dundee. It is unclear whether it was a separate business from the Dundee Foundry.

In 1846 James Stirling left Dundee and set up an engineering practice in Edinburgh.  He lived at 11 Hill Street in Edinburgh's First New Town. He died in Edinburgh on 10 January 1876. He is buried in the south-west spur of Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh.

Locomotives by Stirling
Steam locomotives built by the Dundee Foundry/James Stirling & Co included:
 Trotter, built 1834 for the Dundee and Newtyle Railway
 Princess, Victoria and Britannia, (all 2-2-2s) built 1838/9 for the Arbroath and Forfar Railway - 
 Two further locomotives for the Arbroath and Forfar Railway
 At least one locomotive for the Newtyle and Coupar Angus Railway

Family

In 1837 he was married to Susan Hunter (1800-1877), daughter of Prof James Hunter of St Andrews University.

Susan Stirling (as she was afterwards known) was a successful author, including works such as "Fanny Hervey or the Mother's Choice" (1849).

References 

Year of birth uncertain
1876 deaths
Scottish mechanical engineers
People from Perth and Kinross
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Scottish company founders
James Stirling (engineer, born 1835). James Stirling (1835–1917) was a Scottish mechanical engineer. He was Locomotive Superintendent of the Glasgow and South Western Railway and later the South Eastern Railway. Stirling was born on 2 October 1835, a son of Robert Stirling, rector of Galston, East Ayrshire.

Career

Glasgow and South Western Railway
After working for a village millwright he joined the Glasgow and South Western Railway (GSWR) where he was apprenticed to his brother Patrick, who had been Locomotive Superintendent of that railway since 1853. On completion of his apprenticeship, he spent a year as a fitter at Sharp Stewart in Manchester, before returning to the GSWR drawing office at Kilmarnock; he later became works manager. 
On 1 March 1866, his brother Patrick left the GSWR for the Great Northern Railway (GNR), where he became Works Manager at Doncaster, and James was appointed Locomotive Superintendent of the GSWR in his place. Patrick became the Locomotive Superintendent of the GNR from 1 October 1866),

South Eastern Railway 
At the end of June 1878 he left the GSWR for the South Eastern Railway. He retired in 1898 and died in Ashford, Kent in 1917.

Locomotives
Like his brother, James Stirling favoured the domeless boiler, known as the "straightback" and cabs for the enginemen. Although not the first British locomotive engineer to use the 4-4-0 type, he was the first to produce a 4-4-0 which could be regarded as successful, with his G&SWR 6 Class of 1873. Stirling also invented a steam reverser, using it on most of his designs from 1874.

On the South Eastern Railway, Stirling designed just six classes of locomotive in his twenty years – three of these were of the 4-4-0 type for express passenger work, each more capable than the last; his other three classes were an 0-6-0 for goods, an 0-4-4T for suburban passenger, and an 0-6-0T for shunting. At his retirement at the end of 1898, the SER had 459 engines, of which 384 were to Stirling's design, and seven others had been purchased to outside design; ten more to Stirling's design would be built in 1899.

See also
Locomotives of the Glasgow and South Western Railway
 Locomotives of the Southern Railway

Notes

References

 

1835 births
1917 deaths
People from Galston, East Ayrshire
James
Scottish railway mechanical engineers
South Eastern and Chatham Railway people
Glasgow and South Western Railway people
Locomotive builders and designers
Cryptol. Cryptol is a domain-specific programming language for cryptography developed by the Portland, Oregon based software development firm, Galois, Inc. It is free and open-source software released under a BSD 3-clause software license.

The language was originally developed for use by the United States National Security Agency. The language is also used by private firms that provide information technology systems, such as the American company Rockwell Collins provides to aerospace and defense contractors in the United States.

The programming language is used for all aspects of developing and using cryptography, such as the design and implementation of new ciphers and the verification of existing cryptographic algorithms. Cryptol is designed to allow a cryptographer to watch how stream processing functions in the program manipulate ciphers or encryption algorithms.

References

External links
 
 

Domain-specific programming languages
Cryptographic software
SS Empire Antelope. Empire Antelope was a 4,782-ton cargo ship  which was built as Ophis in 1919. She was renamed Bangu in 1928. In 1941 she was renamed Empire Antelope. She was sunk by the German submarine U-402 on 2 November 1942.

History
Ophis was built by Todd Dry Dock and Construction Company, Tacoma as yard number 9. She was allocated United States Shipping Board hull number 2630. She was launched on 30 July 1919 and completed on 5 August 1919. Delivery was on 30 September 1919. Ophis was powered by a triple expansion steam engine and could make 10 knots.

She was owned by the United States Shipping Board. In March 1920, Maritime Salvors Ltd, London reported that they had been involved in the salvage of Ophis. On 29 November 1920, Ophis came to the rescue of the Norwegian 3-masted barque Hebe, which had been dismasted off the Azores, Portugal. Hebe was towed in to Fayal. In 1928, she was renamed Bangu On 26 January 1931, she lost her propeller  south of Bahía Blanca, Argentina. She was passed to the United States Maritime Commission in 1937, and laid up as part of the reserve fleet. In 1941, Bangu passed to the Ministry of War Transport and was renamed Empire Antelope.

War Service
Empire Antelope was a member of a number of convoys during World War II.

ON 37
Convoy ON 37 sailed from Liverpool on 15 November 1941 and dispersed during the night of November 23/34. Empire Antelope sailed from Aultbea.

SC 77

Convoy SC 77 departed Halifax, Nova Scotia on 30 March 1942 and arrived at Liverpool on 16 April. Empire Antelope was carrying a cargo of steel and other general cargo, destined for Garston.

SC 94

Convoy SC 94 departed Sydney, Nova Scotia on 31 July 1942.  Five ships from the convoy were torpedoed by simultaneous attacks of U-176 and U-379 at 13:25Z on 8 August.  Detonations of the five sinking ships caused hasty abandonment of three additional ships (including Empire Antelope) whose crews believed they had been torpedoed.  Empire Antelopes crewmen reboarded their slightly damaged ship and arrived at Liverpool on 13 August.

SC 107

Empire Antelope departed New York City on 24 October 1942 with 5,560 tons of general cargo as a member of Convoy SC 107. At 08:04 hrs (CET) on 2 November 1942, the German submarine U-402, captained by Baron Siegfried von Forstner, fired torpedoed and sank Empire Antelope at . All fifty crew members were saved by the convoy rescue ship SS Stockport and landed at Reykjavík, Iceland, on 8 November 1942.

Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

Bangu used the US Official Number 219009 and the Code Letters LTDP. Empire Antelope used the UK Official Number 168205 and the Code Letters BCGT.

References

Ships built in Tacoma, Washington
1919 ships
Steamships of the United States
Merchant ships of the United States
Design 1014 ships of the Ministry of War Transport
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Maritime incidents in November 1942
Network Centric Airborne Defense Element. The Network Centric Airborne Defense Element (NCADE) was an anti-ballistic missile system being developed by Raytheon for the Missile Defense Agency. On September 18, 2008 Raytheon announced it had been awarded a $10 million contract to continue NCADE research and development. The NCADE system is a boost phase interceptor based heavily on the AIM-120 AMRAAM, with the AMRAAM fragmentation warhead replaced by a hit-to-kill vehicle powered by a hydroxylammonium nitrate-based monopropellant rocket engines from Aerojet.

On December 3, 2007, AIM-9X missiles with installed NCADE infrared seeker was tested against the Orion target rocket launched from White Sands Missile Range. Missiles were launched from the F-16 of the Air National Guard Air Force Reserve Command Test Center. One modified AIM-9X intercepted the target rocket and the other observed the intercept while also being on intercept trajectory.

On April 2008, Aerojet completed a full-duration test firing of an axial thruster for the second stage of NCADE. Thruster provided more than 660 N of thrust for more than 25 seconds.

The launch vehicle would be a Boeing F-15C Golden Eagle with an AESA radar.

NCADE is listed as "Discontinued" on the website of the Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance.

References 

Anti-ballistic missiles of the United States
Air-to-air missiles of the United States
Raytheon Company products
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States