omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Intel Debugger. The Intel Debugger (IDB) was developed by Intel and provided support (at various levels depending on compiler product) for debugging programs written in C, C++, and Fortran (77, 90 and 95). It provided a choice of command-line and Java-based graphical user interface (GUI) on the Linux Eclipse platform. The Intel Debugger was a component of a number of Intel software products, such as Intel Parallel Studio and their C++ and Fortran compiler products; it supported parallel architectures including MPI, OpenMP, and Pthreads.

Support for the Intel Debugger has been deprecated — in the Intel Fortran Composer 2013 product — with the last released version being 13.0.1 (2013). For Linux and OS X, Intel supports extensions to the GNU Debugger (the GDB provided with Intel Composer XE 2013 SP1 is based on GDB 7.5). Intel maintains a fork of GDB and works on its relevant bugs to get them implemented upstream. For Windows, Intel supports extensions to the Visual Studio Debugger. The parallel debugger extension enables additional capabilities for debugging parallel programs and is available for Visual Studio (2005 and 2008).

See also 
 Intel Parallel Studio
 Intel C++ Compiler
 Intel Fortran Compiler
 Intel Developer Zone (Intel DZ; support and discussion)

References

External links 
 Intel software network
 Intel Debugger products

Debuggers
Debugger
Lutetium tantalate. Lutetium tantalate is a chemical compound of lutetium, tantalum and oxygen with the formula LuTaO4. With a density of 9.81 g/cm3, this mixed oxide compound is the densest known white stable material.  (Although thorium dioxide ThO2 is also white and has a higher density of 10 g/cm3, it is radioactively unstable; while not radioactive enough to make it unstable as a material, even its low rate of decay is still too much for certain uses such as phosphors for detecting ionising radiation.) The white color and high density of LuTaO4 make it ideal for phosphor applications, though the high cost of lutetium is a hindrance.

Properties
Under standard conditions, LuTaO4 has a monoclinic (labeled as M'; Pearson symbol mP12, Space group = P2/a, No 13) fergusonite-type crystal structure. This can be changed to an I2/a (M) structure by annealing at 1,600 °C. Both structures are stable under standard conditions. In the M' structure, the lutetium atom is 8-fold coordinated with oxygen and forms a distorted antiprism with a C2 site symmetry. The structure of lutetium tantalate is identical to that of yttrium tantalate (YTaO4) and gadolinium tantalate (GdTaO4).

Lutetium tantalate itself is weakly fluorescent. Bright emission is achieved by incorporating small amounts (about 1%) of various rare-earth dopants during the crystal growth process, for example, with europium (sharp red line at 610 nm), samarium (red: 610 nm), terbium (green-yellow: 495 and 545 nm lines), praseodymium (red: 615 nm), thulium (blue: 455 nm), dysprosium (orange: 580 nm) or niobium (blue: 400 nm, broad peak). The emission is best excited by electrons, X-rays or ultraviolet light at 220 nm. The high density of LuTaO4 favors X-ray excitation, which has relatively more efficient, stronger absorption in LuTaO4, compared to other materials. LuTaO4 also exhibits thermoluminescence — it glows in the dark when heated after illumination.

Preparation
To prepare a sample of lutetium tantalate, powders of lutetium and tantalum oxides (Lu2O3 and Ta2O5) are mixed and annealed at a temperature above 1,200 °C for several hours. To prepare a phosphor, a small fraction of appropriate material, such as an oxide of another rare-earth metal, is added to the mixture before annealing. After cooling, the product is leached with water, washed, filtered and dried, resulting in a white powder consisting of micrometre-sized particles of LuTaO4.

References

Lutetium compounds
Tantalates
Phosphors and scintillators
OSDN. OSDN (formerly SourceForge.JP) is a web-based collaborative development environment for open-source software projects. It provides source code repositories and web hosting services. With features similar to SourceForge, it acts as a centralized location for open-source software developers.

The OSDN repository hosts more than 5,000 projects and more than 50,000 registered users. Registered software used to be mostly specialized for Japanese use, such as input method systems, fonts, and so on, but also included applications like Cabos, TeraTerm, and Shiira. Also, since the renewal of the brand name to OSDN, some projects that used to be developed on SourceForge moved to OSDN, such as MinGW, TortoiseSVN, Android-x86, and Clonezilla.

History 
SourceForge.JP was started by VA Linux Systems (latterly SourceForge, Inc.) and its subsidiary VA Linux Systems Japan on April 18, 2002. OSDN K.K. spun off of VA Linux Systems Japan in August 2007. As of June 2009, OSDN K.K. was operating the SourceForge.JP.

On May 11, 2015, the site was renamed from "SourceForge.JP" to "OSDN". In the same month that OSDN changed the site name, SourceForge caused two controversies: DevShare adware and project hijacking. In contrast, OSDN totally refuses adware bundling and project hijacking. For that reason, the changing of the site name to OSDN is perceived to have been done based on criticism of and adverse reactions to SourceForge's monetization.

On February 26, 2020, it was announced on the site that OSDN was being transferred to Appirits, Inc., a Japanese software company.

Open Source China (OSChina) announced on 24 July 2023 that they had acquired OSDN in 2022.  The site had reliability problems almost immediately after this announcement, and there was an effort by SourceForge (the original, American-based site) to recruit projects that might choose to leave OSDN; especially those using SVN, which would be unsupported on GitHub.  Many projects did leave OSDN, including Vim and TeraTerm.

ITmedia NEWS reported on January 22, 2024 that OSDN had announced they would shut down the associated Slashdot Japan-successor site (Surado) at the end of January 2024.  However, articles in ITmedia NEWS and Surado at the end of January reported that the closure of both sites had been cancelled and OSChina now hoped to keep them in operation while seeking acquirers to take them over.

Features 
OSDN provides revision control systems such as CVS, SVN, Git, Mercurial, and every feature in SourceForge. What makes OSDN different from SourceForge is the bug tracking system and the wiki system. On OSDN, these are very Trac-like systems.

See also 
 Comparison of source code hosting facilities

References

External links 

 

Free software websites
Geeknet
Internet properties established in 2002
Open-source software hosting facilities
A-RAM. Advanced-Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) based on single-transistor capacitor-less cells. A-RAM was invented in 2009 at the University of Granada (UGR), in Spain, in collaboration with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), in France. It was conceived by Noel Rodriguez (UGR), Francisco Gamiz (UGR) and Sorin Cristoloveanu (CNRS). A-RAM is compatible with single-gate silicon on insulator (SOI), double-gate, FinFETs and multiple-gate field-effect transistors (MuFETs).

The conventional 1-transistor + 1-capacitor DRAM is extensively used in the semiconductor industry for manufacturing high-density dynamic memories. In 2009, the researchers thought that in manufacturing processes with features smaller than 45 nm, the DRAM industry would need to avoid the miniaturization issue of the memory-cell capacitor. The 1T-DRAM family of memories, including A-RAM, replaced the storage capacitor for the floating body of SOI transistors to store the charge.

The universities obtained at least one patent on the technology, and tried to license it in 2010. The University of Granada ran a web site promoting the technology, updated through 2010. A version called A2RAM was demonstrated in 2012.

References 

Types of RAM
Elk River Station. Elk River Station is an energy-from-waste plant operating in Elk River, Minnesota that generates 35 to 42 megawatts of electrical power.

The site was originally built as a coal and oil-fired facility in 1950, then construction began on a nuclear power plant (boiling water reactor) in 1959. The nuclear reactor was small (22 MW) and only operated from July 1, 1964 until February 1, 1968 before undergoing decommission and dismantlement in the following years, ending in the early 1970s. Some of the spent nuclear fuel from Elk River was sent to Italy for reprocessing as part of a thorium fuel cycle research program; decades later this became the subject of diplomatic exchanges regarding its ultimate fate.

Elk River resumed operating on coal and oil in 1968.

In 1989, the facility was again converted, this time to use Refuse Derived Fuel or (RDF) for fuel.  The RDF is made from municipal solid waste.  Waste arrives from Anoka, Benton, Hennepin, Sherburne, and Stearns counties, and the ash remaining after incineration is taken to a landfill in Becker, Minnesota.

Elk River Station was operated by the Great River Energy cooperative.  Power production at Elk River ended in January 2019.

References

External links

Elk River Energy Recovery Station
Nuclear Energy Goes Rural, a 1963 film about the Elk River Reactor

Energy infrastructure completed in 1950
Energy infrastructure completed in 1963
Coal-fired power stations in Minnesota
Nuclear power plants in Minnesota
Incinerators
Former nuclear power stations in the United States
Former coal-fired power stations in the United States
Power stations in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Sherburne County, Minnesota
Waste power stations in the United States
Former power stations in Minnesota
NRE 1GS7B. The NRE 1GS7B is a low-emissions diesel switcher locomotive built by National Railway Equipment. It is powered by a single Cummins QSK19C I6 engine which develops a total power output of . There have been nine 1GS7B locomotives produced to date, manufactured at NREC's Mount Vernon shops in Southern Illinois, and at NREC's Dixmoor shops. It's also the only current single-engine switcher marketed in NRE's N-ViroMotive catalog.

Original Buyers

See also
 List of NRE locomotives
 List of GM-EMD locomotives

References

External links
 National Railway Equipment – Official NRE Website
 National Railway Equipment  – Official N-ViroMotive Product Page
  – 1GS7B Photographs

B-B locomotives
NRE locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2008
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
EPA Tier 2-compliant locomotives of the United States
Rebuilt locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Shunting locomotives
List of low-emissions locomotives in North America. The following is a list of diesel-electric locomotives that meet or exceed EPA Tier 2 locomotive emissions regulations, sorted by builder. This is a non-exhaustive list of locomotives in North America. Furthermore, green/clean energy is an always developing sector and that more locomotives may be added to the list, while some will no longer meet current standards.

Altoona Works

Brandt Road-Rail
Brandt Road-Rail is a company that mainly produces road–rail vehicles, especially railcar movers and maintenance of way equipment.

In addition, in 2006, it also built a single prototype genset locomotive.

Brookville Equipment

Electro-Motive Diesel

GE Transportation

Motive Power and Equipment Solutions

Motive Power and Equipment Solutions was a locomotive manufacturer and rebuilder active in Greenville, South Carolina from 1999 until 2022. This company is not to be confused with MotivePower.

MotivePower

National Railway Equipment

Progress Rail

Railpower Technologies

Siemens Mobility

Vehicle Projects
In 2009, a company called Vehicle Projects, in cooperation with BNSF Railway, rebuilt one Railpower GG20B locomotive into a prototype hydrogen-powered locomotive, called an HH20B.

References

EPA Tier 2-compliant locomotives of the United States
EPA Tier 3-compliant locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotive-related lists
Oudh and Tirhut Railway. The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was a Railway company operated in India.

History

On 1 January 1943, the Bengal and North Western Railway and the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway (R&K worked) were acquired by the Government of India and they were amalgamated with the Tirhut Railway, the Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway (BNW worked) and the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway (R&K worked) to form the Oudh and Tirhut Railway. Its headquarters was at Gorakhpur. Train no. 301UP - 302DOWN Kanpur Anwarganj-Siliguri Avadh (then Oudh)-Tirhut Mail (popularly known as A.T. Mail) was most legendary train of this zone.

The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was later renamed the Oudh Tirhut Railway. On 14 April 1952, the Oudh Tirhut Railway was amalgamated with the Assam Railway and the Kanpur-Achnera section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway to form North Eastern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the current Indian Railways.

Classification
It was labeled as a Class I railway according to Indian Railway Classification System of 1926.

References

Defunct railway companies of India
Railway companies established in 1943
Railway companies disestablished in 1952
History of rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Indian companies established in 1943
1952 disestablishments in India
Gas Gang. The Gas Gang were a group of short-lived fictional robots in DC Comics. They first appeared in Metal Men #6.

Fictional team history
The Metal Men are a group of robots created by Will Magnus after he was exposed to cosmic rays during a space mission and transformed into a robot. However, the Metal Men destroy the Gas Gang, transforming them into steam and returning Magnus to his normal form.

In subsequent appearances, the Gas Gang are rebuilt and begin serving Platinum Man.

Members
 Oxygen: An oxygen tank.
 Helium: A rubberized container that can expand.
 Carbon Monoxide: A lit Bunsen Burner with a fiery head.
 Chloroform: A cylindrical tank perforated with holes from which it emits gas.
 Carbon Dioxide: An anthropomorphic dry ice crystal.

In other media
The Gas Gang appear in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Clash of the Metal Men!", consisting of Oxygen (voiced by Brian Bloom), Carbon Dioxide (Hynden Walch), Helium (Bill Fagerbakke), Chloroform - who has no dialogue - and series original characters Hydrogen (Lex Lang) and Nitrogen, the latter of whom also has no dialogue. This version of the Gas Gang consisted of former colleagues of Milton Magnus who were presumed dead while working on a gas designed to trigger volcanic eruptions, which turned them into gaseous beings. In the present, the Gas Gang kidnap Magnus and coerce him into building robot bodies to contain them until they are thwarted by Batman and the Metal Men. During the subsequent battle, Batman accidentally merges them into a lethal gas cloud before destroying them with the Batplane.

References

Comics characters introduced in 1964
DC Comics robots
DC Comics supervillain teams
Metal Men
Robot supervillains
Energy in Burkina Faso. Energy in Burkina Faso is sourced primarily from diesel and heavy fuel, with some access to hydropower and solar.

Burkina Faso produced 69 kilotonne of oil equivalent (ktoe) of energy in 2015, 89.8% of which was generated from fossil fuels. Final consumption of electricity was 86 ktoe. The country uses energy from biomass, fossil fuels, hydroelectricity, and solar.

As of 2014, Burkina Faso's total greenhouse gas emissions was at 32.60 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e). The country has committed to reduce its emissions by at least 7.8 MtCO2e (or 6.6%) by 2030. The country targets 100% of its electricity generation to come from renewable sources by 2050.

Electricity
As of 2008, it is estimated 19% of Burkina Faso have access to electricity. In 2017, French president Emmanuel Macron inaugurated a 33 MW solar plant, that produces electricity for 110,000 households. West Africa's biggest solar plant began operation in Burkina Faso on November 29, 2017.

Clean fuels for cooking 
As of 2020, it is estimated 10.60% of Burkina Faso have access to access to clean fuels for cooking, according to our world in data.

References
Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy. Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy is a text adventure game developed by Trans Fiction Systems and published by Simon & Schuster Software in 1986 during the 20th anniversary of the Star Trek: The Original Series. The game was developed by Ron Martinez and Jim Gasperini who also worked on Hidden Agenda. The player assumes the role of James T. Kirk captain of the USS Enterprise which has sustained heavy damage after being attacked by an unknown entity. A landing party headed by Kirk beams down to a nearby planet to find food for the ship's crew as the resources onboard became contaminated during the attack.

Plot
Captain James T. Kirk of the USS Enterprise is on an exploration mission in the Prometheus Solar System when the ship comes under attack by an unknown entity. After Spock takes over for a hysterical science officer Berryman, the enemy is determined to be a Romulan Bird of Prey. The Romulans reject all incoming transmissions but send threats to the Captain. Helmsman Hikaru Sulu fires a barrage of four torpedoes at what appears to be a false image of the Romulan vessel. The vessel becomes critically damaged and the Romulan commander tells Kirk that he was avenging his brother whom Kirk had defeated in a prior engagement. Damage reports show that the ship's protein stock used for food synthesis has been contaminated by leaking phaser coolant. The captain and a landing crew beam down to Prometheus Four, a class M planet with a concentration of life which appears to be peaceful.

Reception
Scorpia of Computer Gaming World stated that Promethean was "light years better than" predecessor Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative "in both design and execution", and without its bugs. It concluded "Bottom line: Highly recommended!"

Reviews
Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine v11 n7 (1987 07)

References

External links

 Zzap Review

1986 video games
Apple II games
Classic Mac OS games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Simon & Schuster Interactive games
Single-player video games
Trans Fiction Systems games
Video games based on Star Trek
Video games developed in the United States
Karasuyama Line. The  is a railway line in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects  in the town of Takanezawa with  in Nasukarasuyama.

Services
Trains run approximately once every hour, traveling the entire length of the line. Some trains travel through onto the Utsunomiya Line (Tohoku Main Line) to Utsunomiya Station.

Stations

Rolling stock
 EV-E301 series BEMU (since 15 March 2014)

From the start of the revised timetable on 15 March 2014, a new EV-E301 series two-car battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) was introduced on the Karasuyama Line and Tohoku Main Line between Utsunomiya and Karasuyama. Developed from the experimental "Smart Denchi-kun" battery electric railcar also tested on this line since 2012, the EV-E301 series train is recharged at a special recharging facility built at Karasuyama Station, and operates on battery power over the non-electrified Karasuyama Line tracks.

All of the remaining KiHa 40 series diesel trains used on the line were withdrawn on 3 March 2017, and replaced with EV-E301 series battery electric units from the start of the revised timetable on 4 March 2017.

Former rolling stock
 KiHa 40 series DMUs (until 3 March 2017)

History
The line opened on 15 April 1923. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the line came under the control of JR East.

Wanman driver only operation commenced on the line on 10 March 1990, using KiHa 40 series DMUs.

References

External links

 JR East Karasuyama Line information 

 
Rail transport in Tochigi Prefecture
Lines of East Japan Railway Company
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
Railway lines opened in 1923
1923 establishments in Japan
Augustine Committee. The Advisory Committee on the Future of the United States Space Program, commonly known as the Augustine Committee, was a 1990 space policy group requested by Vice President Dan Quayle, chairman of the National Space Council. The objective of the committee was to evaluate the long-term future of NASA and the United States civilian space program. The committee's final report (known as the Augustine Report) recommended that the space program should comprise five activities—space science, Earth science, human spaceflight, space technology and space transportation—with space science as the highest priority for funding. It also proposed an unmanned launch vehicle to replace some Space Shuttle launches, and a scaled-back redesign of space station Freedom.

Original recommendations 
In its original report, the committee ranked five space activities in order of priority:
 Space science
 Technology development
 Earth science
 Unmanned launch vehicle
 Human spaceflight
At a dinner with Vice President Quayle and committee members, Office of Management and Budget director Richard Darman argued that the low priority projects would be eliminated during the budget process. The committee members decided to change their report. Space science was still given first priority, but the other activities were assigned equal priority behind space science.

After discussing the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster the executive summary of the committee's report recommended, "saving the Space Shuttle for those missions requiring human presence."

Members 
The committee had twelve members in total, with one chairman and one vice chairman.
 Norman Augustine (chairman), CEO of Martin Marietta
Laurel L. Wilkening (vice chairman), provost of the University of Washington
 Edward Aldridge, president of the McDonnell Douglas Electronic Systems Company
 Joseph Allen, former astronaut and president of Space Industries International
 D. James Baker, president of Joint Oceanographic Institutions
 Edward Boland, former Massachusetts congressman
 Daniel Fink, former senior vice president of General Electric
 Don Fuqua, president of the Aerospace Industries Association of America
 Robert Herres, former commander of the United States Space Command
 David Kerns, chairman of Xerox
 Louis Lanzerotti, chairman of the Space Studies Board
 Thomas Paine, former NASA administrator

See also 
 Criticism of the Space Shuttle program
 Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee
 Space Exploration Initiative

References

External links 
 Report of the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program NASA History Division
 Principal Recommendations of the Augustine Commission, 1990 NASA Public Affairs Office

NASA oversight
Reports of the United States government
Space policy of the United States
United States national commissions
Augustine studies