omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Active defense. Active defense can refer to a defensive strategy in the military or cybersecurity arena.

In the cybersecurity arena, active defense may mean "asymmetric defenses," namely defenses that increase costs to cyber-adversaries by reducing costs to cyber-defenders. For example, an active defense data protection strategy leverages dynamic data movement, distribution, and re-encryption to make data harder to attack, steal, or destroy. Prior data protection approaches relied on encryption of data at rest, which leaves data vulnerable to attacks including stealing of ciphertext, cryptographic attack, attacks on encryption keys, destruction of encrypted data, ransomware attacks, insider attacks, and others. Three ACM computing conferences have explored Moving Target Defense as a strategy for network and application-level security as well, for instance by rotating IP addresses or dynamically changing network topologies. Production implementations of MTD are provided by companies for applications including legacy systems, communications, and election security. Additionally, "active defense measures" are often another term used to define and refer to offensive cyber operations (OCOs) or computer network attacks (CNAs).

Some have defined active defenses as including of deception or honeypots, which seek to confuse attackers with traps and advanced forensics. Examples of such honeypot technologies include Illusive Networks, TrapX, Cymmetria, Attivo, and others. Other types of active defenses might include automated incident response, which attempts to tie together different response strategies in order to increase work for attackers and decrease work for defenders.

National Contexts

USA 
The Department of Defense defines active defense as:  "The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy." This definition does not specify whether it refers to physical actions, or cyber-related actions. Recently, the Department of Homeland Security and financial institutions have identified Active Defense as a top priority for security industrial infrastructure systems. As part of a broader push for greater resiliency, the National Institute of Standards and Technology 800-160 Volume 2 framework has gone further, providing guidance on standardization for active defense.

China 
China describes its military posture as active defense, defined in a 2015 state white paper as "We will not attack unless we are attacked, but we will surely counterattack if attacked."

See also
Moving Target Defense
 Proactive cyber defence
 Software-defined networking
 The Concept of Active Defence in China's Military Strategy

References

Military doctrines
Military strategy
Perchlorylbenzene. Perchlorylbenzene (C6H5ClO3, PhClO3, is an aromatic compound prepared by direct electrophilic perchlorylation of benzene using perchloryl fluoride and aluminum trichloride:

The compound is described as a somewhat shock-sensitive oily liquid.  It exhibits low chemical reactivity and is inert towards acidic (HCl (aq.)) or reducing (LiAlH4, H2/Pd) conditions.  However, it undergoes hydrolysis upon reflux in aqueous KOH to afford phenol, and undergoes aromatic nitration to afford the meta-nitration product, as expected for a strongly –I, –M substituent.

It and its derivatives have been investigated as novel energetic materials analogous to nitro compounds.

See also 
 Electrophilic aromatic substitution
 Aromatic sulfonation
 Aromatic nitration

References 

Perchloryl compounds
Phenyl compounds
Mariam Al Maadeed. Mariam Al Maadeed (, also written AlMa'adeed) is a Qatari national and a Professor in Physics and Materials Science at Qatar University.

Biography 
Mariam Al Maadeed is the current Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies at Qatar University. Al Maadeed was the Director of the Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), and founder of the Masters program of Materials Science and Technology, both at Qatar University. Al Madeed's research is in the field of polymer characterization and structure, nanocomposites and nanotechnology techniques.

Membership of editorial boards 
 Founder and Associate Editor-in-Chief of Emergent Materials (Springer).
Member of Research Council Committee, Quality and Management Committee and New Reform Committee.
 Lead Guest Editor: International Journal of Polymer Science Surface Modification of Polymer Nano-composite Materials: Techniques, Characterization, and Applications, 2016.

Awards and honors 
 Mentorship Award in the Leadership Excellence for Women Awards (LEWA).
 AL-Bairaq- World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE), 2015.
 Gulf Petrochemicals & Chemicals Association (GPCA) Plastic Excellence Award 2014.
 Appreciative and Incentivizing State award on Science 2014.
 Outstanding Faculty Service Award.- Qatar University,  2013–2014.
 State of Qatar encouragement Award in Physics (2010- 2011).
 Outstanding Faculty Service Award – Special award -  Qatar University (2011-2012).

Patents 
 Reinforced Polymer Composites from Recycled Plastic.
 Methods for Graphene production.

Books 
 Flexible and Stretchable Electronic Composites, Authors: Ponnamma, D., Sadasivuni, K.K., Wan, C., Thomas, S., Editors: Al-Ali AlMa'adeed, Mariam (Ed.), 2015, 
 Biopolymer Composites in Electronics, Authors: Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni,  John-John Cabibihan, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma,  Mariam Ali S A Al-Maadeed,  Jaehwan Kim, Print , Electronic 
 Polyolefin Compounds and Materials, Fundamental and Industrial Applications, Editors: Mariam AlMaadeed, Igor Krupa, Springer. 
Polymer Science and Innovative Applications: Materials, Techniques, and Future Developments. Editors: Mariam AlMaadeed, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Marcelo Carignano. Elsevier. .

References

External links 
 Office of VP for Research

Qatari scientists
Qatari women scientists
People from Doha
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academic staff of Qatar University
Women materials scientists and engineers
Qatari engineers
Darwin Waterfront Precinct. The Darwin Waterfront Precinct is a tourist area in the Northern Territory of Australia in Darwin City.  Restaurants, bars, a wave pool and a man-made beach are available for local community and tourists. It is located five minutes’ walk from the Darwin Central Business District (CBD).

Location/Geography 
The Darwin Waterfront Precinct is located on Wharf One and Two on the southern end of Darwin City.

History 
The Waterfront Precinct is built on reclaimed land from Kitchener Bay between Stokes Hill and Fort Hill (which has since been removed).

The Darwin Oil Storage Tunnels were built during World War II to protect the navy's oil from Japanese attacks. Two of these tunnels are now open to the public.

Darwin Waterfront Corporation
The Darwin Waterfront Precinct is managed by the Darwin Waterfront Corporation, a corporation created by Act of Parliament in 2006.  Its role is to manage and promote the precinct.  The corporation also responsible for the provision of municipal services to the precinct.

Tourist Attractions 
Waterfront Lagoon

Goyder Park

Deckchair Cinema

Darwin Wave Pool

Darwin Convention Centre

Restaurants, shops and apartments

References

External links
Darwin Waterfront Precinct official website

Tourist attractions in Darwin, Northern Territory
Water parks in Australia
Unincorporated areas of the Northern Territory
Bharat Institutions. Bharat Institutions is a group of educational and technical institutions at Hyderabad, Telangana started by the Chinta Reddy Madhusudhan Reddy Educational Society established in the year 1991.

Group of institutions 
 Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology (2001)
 Bharat Institute of Technology and Science for Women (2008)
 Bharat Institute of Technology – Pharmacy (1999)
 Bharat Degree College for Women (1991)
 Bharat Post Graduate College for Women (1997)
 Bharat College of Education
 Bharat Post Graduate College

References 

Education in Telangana
1991 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 1991
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Charles E. Myers. Charles Myers Jr. (March 21, 1925 – May 9, 2016) was an aviation pioneer and an early member of the "Fighter Mafia" inside the Pentagon. He served as the Director for Air Warfare in the Office of the Secretary of Defense between 1973–78 during which time he launched Project Harvey which later became known as the “stealth” program.

References

External links

1925 births
2016 deaths
Aircraft designers
American test pilots
Lafayette College alumni
Military strategists
Military theorists
People from Phillipsburg, New Jersey
United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
United States Air Force reservists
Military personnel from New Jersey
Immobilized Cell Technology. Immobilized cell technology is a method of air filtration and purification that uses whole cell immobilization. It is a process whereby microfine particulate matter is removed from the air by attracting charged particulates in the air to a bio-reactive mass, or bioreactor, which enzymatically renders them inert.

Mechanism 
Almost all airborne particulate matter carries a charge, either negative or positive. As air moves through an immobilized cell technology system, those charged particles are attracted to a water cascade, that functions as neutral ground, and that pulls the particulates into the bioreactor. (These airborne particulates consist of inert materials [dust, pollen, etc.], volatile organic compounds, and hazardous air pollutants.)

Once inside the bioreactor, the particulates are oxidized in a solution of water, enzymes, and bacteria breaking them down into base elements. Oxidation through immobilized cell technology is 12 times more efficient than natural oxidation is under the same conditions.

The key difference between traditional air filtration systems and those that employ immobilized cell technology is that the latter does not employ mesh filters. It requires water, electrical power, and biomass for the bioreactor. The base, inert, elements it produces need to be removed periodically.

References 

Filtration
MedAccred. MedAccred is an accreditation program for critical process manufacturing operations in the production of medical devices MedAccred is an industry managed program with the medical device industry having responsibility for all decisions regarding program operations, development, and the decision to award accreditations. The MedAccred program is administered on behalf of the medical device industry by the Performance Review Institute (PRI), a not-for-profit affiliate of SAE International. Participants in the MedAccred program consist of medical device OEMs, contract manufacturers and suppliers who work together to develop industry-wide audit criteria and provide accreditation of critical manufacturing process suppliers to improve product quality.

History 

MedAccred was created following a medical device industry roundtable in held in Chicago, IL in December 2012.  Companies present at the roundtable included Abbot Laboratories, Baxter International, Beckman Coulter, Boston Scientific, Brunk Industries, DePuy Synthes, GE Healthcare, Medtronic, Paragon Medical, Philips, Stryker, Symmetry Medical, Terumo Cardiovascular Systems and Zimmer Biomet.  Proof of concept audits based on the Nadcap program audit criteria were conducted in 2013.  Briefings on the MedAccred program were held with the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health’s (CDRH) Office of Compliance and the FDA’s Office of Global Operations within the Office of the Commissioner. The initial subscribing companies were Johnson & Johnson, Philips and Stryker. By 2018, the list of subscribing companies had grown to include Baxter, Boston Scientific and Medtronic, in addition to the initial subscribing companies.

In 2014, the initial technical Task Groups were created in the critical process areas of Electronics – PCBAs, Electronics – Cable and Wire Harness, Heat Treating, Sterilization and Welding.  The Plastics Task Group and Process Validation sub-team were created in 2015.  By 2018, the list of critical process areas had grown to include Plastics - Extrusion, Plastics - Injection Molding, Plastics - Mechanical Assembly, Electronics - Printed Boards (Bare Boards), and Sterile Device Packaging as well.

The US FDA subsequently recognized the Aerospace Heat Treating Standard AMS 2750, which is published by SAE International and used by MedAccred.

Accreditations have since been granted to companies in Mexico, Costa Rica, China, United Kingdom, France, Romania, Austria and Malaysia as well.

MedAccred was added to the AdvaMed Resource Center, Case for Quality Library in August 2015 and has since been noted in a number of industry publications as being a significant activity for the medical devices industry. The US Federal Government has been supportive of the MedAccred program, investing in the preparedness of the supply chain for the MedAccred audit and accreditation process and setting up the MedMMAP (Medical Manufacturers MedAccred Accreditation Pathway) to support this effort.

References

External links 
 

Healthcare in the United States
Institute of Electronics Engineers of the Philippines. The Institute of Electronics Engineers of the Philippines (IECEP, formerly the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of the Philippines) is a Professional Regulation Commission recognized organization of Professional Electronics Engineers (PECE), Electronics Engineers (ECE) and Electronics Technicians (ECT) in the Philippines.It is a non-stock and non-profit organization with  50,000 members inside and outside of the country. The IECEP was organized in 1950.

See also 
 Institute of Computer Engineers of the Philippines
 Electronics engineering

External links
https://myiecep.net/
 https://arslearningportal.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/3-about-iecep-and-its-history.pdf

Professional associations based in the Philippines
1950 establishments in the Philippines
Craeybeckx Tunnel. The Craeybeckx tunnel (in Dutch Craeybeckxtunnel and fully Lode Craeybeckxtunnel) is a road tunnel in Antwerp built in 1981 to reduce the noise from the traffic, for the benefit of the Sint-Augustinus hospital and the Middelheim hospital.
The tunnel is 1600 m long and is the widest in Belgium. The construction is named after Lode Craeybeckx, the mayor of Antwerp between 1947 and 1976.
Approximately 120.000 vehicles pass the tunnel every day.

References

Road tunnels in Belgium
Buildings and structures in Antwerp
Roads in Antwerp
Per Aarsleff. Per Aarsleff A/S is a Danish civil engineering and construction company.

History
It was founded in 1947 by Per Aarsleff.

Organization 
The company is based in Aabyhøj in the western parts of Aarhus, Denmark. It has around 6,500 staff worldwide.

The Aarsleff Group is the largest producer of concrete piles in Europe. The Danish subsidiary producer of precast concrete piles Centrum Pæle was founded in 1966, and is based in the city of Vejle.

United Kingdom
Per Aarsleff (UK) Ltd, known as Aarsleff Ground Engineering (previously Aarsleff Piling), is based in New Balderton in Newark-on-Trent. The UK site also contains Centrum Pile Ltd, and mainly makes concrete piles. The UK subsidiary was founded in 1991 and is the leading supplier of precast concrete piles in the UK.

Products
The company has been asked to provide the concrete deep foundations for civil engineering projects, such as for bridges or wind farms. For windfarms, it has worked with Bilfinger Construction GmbH of Germany (now owned since 2014 by Implenia of Switzerland). Denmark is home to some important wind turbine manufacturing companies.

It provides:
 Steel sheet piles
 Precast concrete piles
 Bearing piles
 Timber piles

Projects
 Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link, Denmark
 High Speed 1
 Mersey Gateway Bridge in the UK (opening 2017)
 Thames Tideway Scheme, London

See also
 Bachy Solétance
 British Geotechnical Association
 COWI A/S, tunnelling company of Denmark
 Federation of Piling Specialists

References

External links
 Aarsleff DK
 Aarsleff UK

Danish companies established in 1947
Companies based in Aarhus
Construction and civil engineering companies of Denmark
Geotechnical engineering companies
Newark-on-Trent
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1947
Feolite. Feolite is a type of iron oxide sintered into building blocks, which are then used for heat storage.

Feolite was developed in Great Britain.

Characteristics
Feolite, one of many materials used for heat storage, being a solid, does not have any volumetric or pressure containment issues, but correspondingly does require the use of a transfer medium to then get the stored heat to the desired location.

The specific heat of feolite is 920.0 J·kg−1·°C−1, its density is 3,900 kg·m−3, and its thermal conductivity is 2.1 W·m−1·°C−1.

Feolite may be used at temperatures up to 1000 °C (1832 F).

History
Feolite was invented in 1969 by Electricity Association Technology, then called Electricity Council Research Centre.

Feolite was a registered trademark in Australia for all iron oxides for use in the manufacture of thermal storage units which has now lapsed, by Electricity Association Technology of the United Kingdom.

Heating systems with a storage component now widely use feolite as the storage core.

Application
Blocks of feolite enclosing sheathed electric heating elements to form a heat storage core, surrounded by thermal insulation, are used in storage heaters and storage radiators.  Because feolite blocks will conduct electricity, electric heating elements must be electrically insulated when used with feolite storage.

The typical heat exchange medium for feolite storage is air.

Feolite has been considered for use as a component for braking systems in railway rolling stock.

Notes

References

Energy storage
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering. This glossary of electrical and electronics engineering is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related specifically to electrical engineering and electronics engineering. For terms related to engineering in general, see Glossary of engineering.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

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R

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V

W

X

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Z

See also
Glossary of engineering
Glossary of civil engineering
Glossary of mechanical engineering
Glossary of structural engineering

References

Electrical-engineering-related lists
Electronic engineering
electrical and electronics engineering
Electrical and electronics engineering
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists
Samuel Arnold Greeley. Samuel Arnold Greeley (August 8, 1882, Chicago – February 3, 1968, Phoenix, Arizona) was an American civil engineer. He was largely responsible for the North Shore Sanitary District works from 1913 until 1963, and founded the engineering firm of Greeley & Hansen (originally Pearse & Greeley) Consulting Engineers in 1914. 

He received the ASCE Thomas Fitch Rowland Prize in 1931,  and the  Rudolph Hering Medal in 1932..

In 1951, he was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal by the Franklin Institute for his accomplishments in civil engineering.

The Samuel Arnold Greeley award for work on water supply, drainage, and related areas was established in 1968 by the American Society of Civil Engineers of which he was a past Director.

He first studied at Harvard University, receiving his B.A. in 1903, and from there he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving a B.S. in Sanitary Engineering in 1906.   His thesis was on Boston Harbor and he suffered from typhoid fever as a result, delaying his MIT graduation by a year.

His first job was with Rudolph Hering for whom he was a principal assistant.  They wrote a textbook published in 1921 on  "Collection and Disposal of Municipal Refuse" which was used for many years. 

In 1912, he worked with Langdon Pearse for the Sanitary District of Chicago, and, in 1914, they founded "Pearse & Greeley" which later became  "Pearse, Greeley & Hansen" in 1920, then "Greeley & Hansen" in 1932. 

In World War I, he had to design Camp Custer for 35,000 men, which later had to be enlarged, at Battle Creek, Michigan.  His success led him to be appointed sanitary engineer for the  United States Shipping Board  for the Great Lakes, Pacific and northeast coasts of the US. 

During the Great Depression, he served on the Public Works Administration Engineering Board of Review. 

He later served as president of the Illinois Section of ASCE, and as national director of the ASCE.

References 

1882 births
1968 deaths
Engineers from Chicago
Harvard University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
American civil engineers
American textbook writers
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago people
Edwards Manufacturing Company. Edwards Manufacturing Company is a business in Albert Lea, Minnesota that manufactures Hydraulic Ironworkers.

History 

Manufacturing since 1875 Edwards began with road graders, and other manufacturing equipment such as the stump puller, Manual Shears, and Intake Grates.

Ironworkers 

Edwards Manufacturing Company manufactures Ironworkers and hydraulic equipment. Ironworkers are machines that speed up fabrication by punching and shearing opposed to drilling or using a saw. Edwards Ironworkers can have a Hydraulic Accessory Pack that allows separate machinery to plug into the Ironworker and use the Ironworker's hydraulic power. Edwards Manufacturing Company has a line of 12 ironworkers and 5 Hydraulic Accessories as of 2015.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Minnesota
Machine tool builders
No. 45 Squadron IAF. No. 45 Squadron Indian Air Force (Flying Daggers) is a Fighter Squadron internally based at Sulur AFS, Tamil Nadu. The squadron operates the indigenous HAL Tejas fighter from 1 July 2016. The squadron was initially based at Bangalore, Karnataka and later shifted to its main base in Sulur from 1 June 2018.

History
The squadron was raised on 15 February 1957, with de Havilland Vampires, as a Ground-Attack and Close Air Support unit. Later The Vampires were replaced by MiG-21Bison. The MiGs which were operated from Naliya were withdrawn from squadron service in 2002. It is the first operational squadron of the indigenous fighter jet HAL Tejas. The squadron operated from HAL Airport, Bangalore for nearly two years before it moved to its designated locations at Sulur near Coimbatore. It is also the first fighter squadron to be part of the Southern Air Command of IAF headquarters at Thiruvananthapuram. Group Captain Madhav Rangachari is the first commanding officer.

Indo-Pakistan War of 1965

On 1 September 1965, during the Indo-Pakistani War, No. 45 Squadron IAF responded to a request for strikes against a counter-attack by the Pakistan Army (Operation Grand Slam), and twelve Vampire Mk 52 fighter-bombers were successful in slowing the Pakistani advance. However, the Vampires encountered two PAF F-86 Sabres, in the ensuing dogfight, the outdated Vampires were outclassed. One was shot down by ground fire and another three were shot down by Sabres. The Vampires were withdrawn from front line service after these losses.

Atlantique incident
Indian Air Force No.45 Squadron was involved in the Atlantique incident on 10 August 1999. Two MiG-21 Bison from No.45 Squadron IAF  equipped with R-60 missiles intercepted and following warnings issued and hostile action shot down a  Pakistan Navy reconnaissance plane.

Assignments
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Atlantique incident

Aircraft

Aircraft types operated by the squadron

The squadron has 16 Tejas aircraft in currently in service.

Gallery

References

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