omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Martin Op 't Land. Martinus (Martin) Op 't Land (born 1959) is a Dutch organizational theorist, consultant and Professor of Enterprise Engineering at the University of Antwerp and at Antwerp Management School, known for his contributions in the field of Enterprise Architecture.

Education
Op 't Land received his Propedeuse in Chemistry in 1979 at the Leiden University, and also his MSc in Mathematics in 1984. Later in 2008 he received his PhD from the Delft University of Technology with a thesis titled "Applying architecture and ontology to the splitting and allying of enterprises" under supervision of Jan Dietz.

Career
Op 't Land started his career as consultant in 1985 at Volmac (acquired by Capgemini in 1992), where he became Principal Consultant and Certified Global Architect. Over the years he has consulted organizations in the field of architecture such as Rijkswaterstaat, NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency, Radboud University Nijmegen, Air France KLM, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, ICTU (Dutch E-government), and the European Patent Office.

In 2011 he was appointed as Professor of Enterprise Engineering at the Antwerp Management School.

His research interest is in the field of "coherently (re)shaping organisation and information of extended enterprises in splits, mergers and alliances".

Publications 
Op 't Land has authored and co-authored numerous publications in his field of expertise. Books:
 Op 't Land, Martin. Applying Architecture and Ontology to the Splitting and Allying of Enterprises. (2008).
 Op 't Land, Martin, ed. Enterprise Architecture - Creating Value by Informed Governance. (Springer, 2009).

Articles
 Op 't Land, Martin, and Erik Proper. "Impact of Principles on Enterprise Engineering." ECIS. 2007.

References

External links 
 Martin Op 't Land Antwerp Management School
 Martin Op 't Land Universiteit Antwerpen

1959 births
Living people
Dutch business theorists
Enterprise modelling experts
Leiden University alumni
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Antwerp
Writers from The Hague
Thomas Hewes. Thomas Cheek Hewes (1768 – 26 January 1832) was an English millwright, textile machine manufacturer and civil engineer professionally active from 1790 to 1830,

Early life
Hewes was born in Beckenham, Kent, the son of Joseph Hewes, a farmer from Walthamstow. In 1782, Hewes became an apprentice for Thomas Cheek. In 1806, he married Anne Jamet, born to French Huguenots. They had two sons, Jamet Thomas Hewes (1808– 1876) and Jacob Arthur Hewes (1816–1824).

Early works
Hewes installed the Boulton and Watt steam engine and associated millwork in McConnel and Kennedy's Old Mill, Ancoats in 1797.

Water wheels
In 1802 he was involved in building the mill, supplying the spinning machinery and erecting a 40 ft diameter iron water-wheel at George Allman's cotton mill in Bandon, County Cork, Ireland. It is speculated that he used iron in these mills in an early attempt at fireproof construction. The water wheel at Bandon was of iron- but in 1805 he built a wheel at Darley with a cast iron axle. He was involved in Belper in 1811 improving and replacing the wooden wheels used by Arkwright and Strutt. These wheels were suspension wheels 21 ft 6in in diameter and 15 ft in width. The wheel were rim-drivenThe spokes were  in diameter. The Belper wheel was controlled by a governor.

He supplied a wheel to Quarry Bank Mill in 1807, which he repaired in 1815 and in 1819 designed and installed the Great Wheel.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Millwrights
1768 births
1832 deaths
Adventure Air Adventurer. The Adventure Air Adventurer is a family of American homebuilt amphibious flying boats that was designed and produced by Adventure Air of Berryville, Arkansas. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction. The company appears to be out of business.

Design and development
The aircraft features a strut-braced high-wing, a four-seat enclosed cockpit, retractable tricycle landing gear, a boat hull with outrigger pontoons, a cruciform tail and a pod-mounted single engine in pusher configuration.

The airframe is made from composites. Its  span wing mounts flaps and has a wing area of . The cabin is  wide. The recommended engines vary by model. The factory available options included wing tanks of ,  or , dual controls and a pre-assembled wing.

The factory estimated the construction time from the supplied standard kit as 1000 hours, or 400–600 hours from the quick-build kit.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 120 kits had been sold and five aircraft were flying.

By November 2013 ten examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Variants
Adventurer 2+2
Model with 2+2 seating and a  sleeping bunk. The standard engine recommended is the  Lycoming IO-360 powerplant. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Adventurer 333
Heavier model with higher engine power. The standard engine recommended is the  Chevrolet HO350 automotive conversion powerplant. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Adventurer Heavy Hauler
The long range and heavy lift version of the design, that was also envisioned for military sales. The standard engine recommended is the  Chevrolet HO350 automotive conversion powerplant. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is . The factory available options included wing tanks of ,  or .

Specifications (Adventurer 333)

References

External links
Photo of an Adventurer 333

Adventurer
1990s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Flying boats
Herwig Mannaert. Herwig Mannaert (born April 23, 1965) is a Belgian academic and Professor at the University of Antwerp, Dean of the
Management Information Systems Department, and Executive Professor at the University of Antwerp Management School, known for his work on digital image processing, software architecture, and open source software.

Biography 
Mannaert received his Msc in Electrical Engineer in 1988 from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, where in 1993 he also received his PhD for a thesis on the "design of object recognition algorithms for image interpretation."

After his graduation in 1993 the University of Antwerp appointed Mannaert Associate Professor at the Management Information Systems Department. From 1998 to 2000 he was lead developer at the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), directing the  developed of a new secure communication software system. Since 2000 is founding director of Cast4All, that supply scalable and transactional software management systems. At the University of Antwerp he is appointed Professor and Dean of the Management Information Systems Department, and Executive Professor at the University of Antwerp Management School.

His research interests are in the field of evolvable software architectures, and particularly e-learning technologies and open source software.

Publications 
Mannaert authored and co-authored many publications in his field of expertise. Books:
 Patrick Wambacq, Herwig Mannaert. Handboek signaalverwerking: numerieke frequentieanalyse, stochastische signalen en digitaal filterontwerp. Acco, 1998. 
 Herwig Mannaert, Herbert Peremans. Kijk op elektronica. ACCO, 2005
 Mannaert, Herwig, and Jan Verelst. Normalized systems: re-creating information technology based on laws for software evolvability. (2009).

Articles, a selection:
 Ven, Kris, Jan Verelst, and Herwig Mannaert. "Should you adopt open source software?." IEEE Software 25.3 (2008): 54-59.
 Mannaert, Herwig, Jan Verelst, and Kris Ven. "Towards evolvable software architectures based on systems theoretic stability." Software: Practice and Experience 42.1 (2012): 89-116.

References

External links 
 Herwig Mannaert Home page

1965 births
Living people
Belgian computer scientists
KU Leuven alumni
Academic staff of the University of Antwerp
Zhou Jiping. Zhou Jiping (born 1952) is the general manager and then chairman of the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

Education
Zhou Jiping graduated from China University of Petroleum in Geology.

Career

Since 2013, Zhou Jiping has served as Chairman and CEO of China National Petroleum Corporation.

References

1952 births
Living people
Chinese businesspeople
Petroleum engineers
21st-century Chinese geologists
Karstedt's catalyst. Karstedt's catalyst is an organoplatinum compound derived from divinyl-containing disiloxane.  This coordination complex is widely used in hydrosilylation catalysis.  It is a colorless solid that is generally assumed to be a mixture of related Pt(0) alkene complexes. The catalyst is named after Bruce D. Karstedt, who developed it in the early 1970s while working for General Electric.

Applications
Carbon-silicon bonds are often generated via hydrosilylation of alkenes.  This reaction has very important applications to industry. While it is favorable thermodynamically, hydrosilylation does not proceed in the absence of a catalyst, such as Karstedt's catalyst. The catalyst is produced by treatment of chloroplatinic acid by the divinyltetramethyldisiloxane.

The catalyst can also be used in a reductive amination reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine with phenylsilane as the reducing agent.

Structure and bonding
The oxidation state of the platinum is 0.  Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of  Pt2[(Me2SiCH=CH2)2O]3 has been confirmed.  Each Pt(0) center is surrounded by three alkene ligands provided by three 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane ligands.  The Pt center and six coordinated carbon atoms are approximately coplanar, as found for simpler complexes such as Pt(C2H4)3.

References

Platinum compounds
Homogeneous catalysis
Coordination complexes
Stanene. Stanene is a topological insulator, theoretically predicted by Shoucheng Zhang's group at Stanford, which may display dissipationless currents at its edges near room temperature. It is composed of tin atoms arranged in a single layer, in a manner similar to graphene. Stanene got its name by combining stannum (the Latin name for tin) with the suffix -ene used by graphene. Research is ongoing in Germany and China, as well as at laboratories at Stanford and UCLA.

The addition of fluorine atoms to the tin lattice could extend the critical temperature up to 100 °C. This would make it practical for use in integrated circuits to make smaller, faster and more energy efficient computers.

See also
Graphene
Silicene
Boron
Stannenes (Similar name to Stanene)
Stannane (similar name as Stanene, too)
Semiconductors
Topological insulator
Superconductivity
Superconductors

References

External links

 
 
 
 

Superconductors
Tin
Nanomaterials
Jan Verelst (scientist). Jan Verelst (born ca 1960) is a Belgian computer scientist, Professor and Dean of the Department of Management Information Systems at the University of Antwerp, and Professor at the Antwerp Management School, known for his work on Normalized Systems.

Biography 
Verelst obtained his Ph.D. in Management Information Systems in 1999 from the University of Antwerp with a thesis entitled "De invloed van variabiliteit op de evolueerbaarheid van conceptuele modellen van informatiesystemen" (The impact of variability on the evolvability of conceptual models of information systems).

After his graduation he was appointed Professor of Systems Development Methodology at the Faculty of Applied Economics of the University of Antwerp, and Dean of the Department of Management Information Systems. He is also appointed as Professor at Antwerp Management School.

His research interests are in the field of "conceptual modeling of information systems, evolvability, and maintainability of information systems, empirical software engineering, and open source software", specifically the development of Normalized Systems, and its development methodology.

Publications 
Verelst authored and co-authored many publications in his field of expertise. Books:
 
 

Articles, a selection:
 Du Bois, Bart, Serge Demeyer, and Jan Verelst. "Refactoring-improving coupling and cohesion of existing code." Reverse Engineering, 2004. Proceedings. 11th Working Conference on. IEEE, 2004.
 Hidders, J., Dumas, M., van der Aalst, W. M., ter Hofstede, A. H., & Verelst, J. (2005, January). "When are two workflows the same?." In Proceedings of the 2005 Australasian symposium on Theory of computing-Volume 41 (pp. 3–11). Australian Computer Society, Inc..
 Ven, Kris, Jan Verelst, and Herwig Mannaert. "Should you adopt open source software?." IEEE Software 25.3 (2008): 54-59.
 Huysmans, Philip, Kris Ven, and Jan Verelst. "Using the DEMO methodology for modeling open source software development processes." Information and Software Technology 52.6 (2010): 656-671.

References

External links 
 Verelst Jan, Antwerp Management School

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Belgian computer scientists
University of Antwerp alumni
Academic staff of the University of Antwerp
Shannon Criteria. The Shannon criteria constitute an empirical rule in neural engineering that is used for evaluation of possibility of damage from electrical stimulation to nervous tissue.

The Shannon criteria relate two parameters for pulsed electrical stimulation: charge density per phase, D (μCoulombs/(phase•cm²)) and charge per phase, Q (μCoulombs/phase) with a dimensionless parameter k: 

which can be written alternatively:

According to these criteria, stimulation parameters that yield k ≥  1.85 (the lowest value where damage was observed in the two studies referenced in the original Shannon publication) could cause damage to the adjacent nervous tissue. Currently, this empirical law is applied in neuromodulation for development of implants for cortical, cochlear, retinal,  and deep brain stimulation. Shannon categorizes the relationship between stimulating electrode and target neural tissue as either Near Field, Mid Field, or Far Field, and discusses how equation parameters may be chosen in each case. In the case of spinal cord stimulation, for example, the Far Field category would apply.

Limitations
The data on which the Shannon model was built are restricted to experiments performed in cat cerebral cortex with 7 hours of stimulation under light anesthesia at 50 pps with 400 μs pulses (charge-balanced, symmetric, biphasic, anodic-first) using platinum surface disc electrodes of 1 mm² or larger, recessed, anodized sintered tantalum-tantalum pentoxide pellet electrodes of 1 mm in diameter, or iridium penetrating microelectrodes of 6500 μm2. As a result of these restricted methods, Shannon states "A more comprehensive model of safe levels for electrical stimulation would also account for the effects of pulse rate, pulse duration, stimulus duty cycle, and duration of exposure." Additionally, further study has demonstrated that microelectrodes do not obey the Shannon criterion, and new approaches may be proposed to address these limitations.

References

Further reading
 
 

Neural engineering
Ñandú (vehicle). The Ñandú was an Argentine 4×4 military light utility vehicle. Taking inspiration from the Willys MB, it was developed by the "Dirección de Materiales" in 1943 for employment by the local Army. Only four prototypes were built, with the project being finally dismissed.

Overview 
The Argentine Army committed Dirección de Materiales to develop and build prototype models to supply the Force. The first vehicle was named "Ñandú" (from greater rhea). Project and construction were supervised by engineer Martín Reuter, working at the Esteban De Luca workshop in Buenos Aires. As there were no manuals or materials to build a four-wheel drive system, the unit was equipped with a two-wheel drive taken from a DKW. Reuter also designed the 3-speed transmission. The engine was entirely manufactured in Argentina at "Fundiciones Santini" factory while the crankshaft was built from a Siemens Martin iron piece.

The prototype was tested on 11 September 1945. One year later, the manufacturers requested Ministry of Economy permission to start serial production of the Ñandú but it was not allowed. The Ministry alleged that Argentina was importing Willys MB vehicles from Belgium at US700 per unit, which was cheaper than producing the Ñandú.

Only 4 prototypes were produced, with three of them being auctioned by Banco Municipal. Reuter bought one of these models and then gifted it to one of his collaborators in the project.

Apart from the Ñandú, Reuter constructed another prototype, named "Nahuel", also dismissed.

See also

References 

Military light utility vehicles
Military equipment of Argentina
World War II military equipment of Argentina
Vehicles introduced in 1945
Military trucks of Argentina
Structural channel. The structural channel, C-channel or parallel flange channel (PFC), is a type of (usually structural steel) beam, used primarily in building construction and civil engineering.  Its cross section consists of a wide "web", usually but not always oriented vertically, and two "flanges" at the top and bottom of the web, only sticking out on one side of the web.  It is distinguished from I-beam or H-beam or W-beam type steel cross sections in that those have flanges on both sides of the web.


Uses

The structural channel is not used as much in construction as symmetrical beams, in part because its bending axis is not centered on the width of the flanges.  If a load is applied equally across its top, the beam will tend to twist away from the web.  This may not be a weak point or problem for a particular design, but is a factor to be considered.

Channels or C-beams are often used where the flat, back side of the web can be mounted to another flat surface for maximum contact area.  They are also sometimes welded together back-to-back to form a non-standard I-beam.

See also 
 Hollow structural section

References

Further reading
 M. F. Ashby, 2005, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, Elsevier.

External links
Canadian Institute of Steel Construction website
American Institute of Steel Construction website
Wood I-joists
British Constructional Steelwork Association website

Structural engineering
Structural steel
Polyrotaxane-based paint. Polyrotaxane-based paint is a type of paint produced by Nissan. It is a coating that self heals. The Nobel prize in chemistry in 2016 was partially awarded on research on this molecule, Polyrotaxane. The paint is famous for being able to heal major scratches on iPhones, cell phones, and computers very quickly. It heals up to 80% of scratches to such devices.

Other uses
The paint has also been found to strengthen physical properties such as hardness, weatherability, stain resistance, and solvent resistance.

References

Paints
IMEP. IMEP may refer to:

Indicated mean effective pressure
Inner Mongolia Education Press
Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique of the École nationale supérieure d'électronique et de radioélectricité de Grenoble
Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol, a kind of ad hoc routing protocol
 IMEP (chemotherapy)

See also
KIMEP University of Kazakhstan
Numba. Numba is an open-source JIT compiler that translates a subset of Python and NumPy into fast machine code using LLVM, via the llvmlite Python package. It offers a range of options for parallelising Python code for CPUs and GPUs, often with only minor code changes.

Numba was started by Travis Oliphant in 2012 and has since been under active development at its repository in GitHub with frequent releases. The project is driven by developers at Anaconda, Inc., with support by DARPA, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Intel, Nvidia and AMD, and a community of contributors on GitHub.

Example 

Numba can be used by simply applying the numba.jit decorator to a Python function that does numerical computations:

import numba
import random

@numba.jit
def monte_carlo_pi(n_samples: int) -> float:
    """Monte Carlo"""
    acc = 0
    for i in range(n_samples):
        x = random.random()
        y = random.random()
        if (x**2 + y**2) < 1.0:
            acc += 1
    return 4.0 * acc / n_samples

The just-in-time compilation happens transparently when the function is called:

>>> monte_carlo_pi(1000000)
3.14

Numba's website  contains many more examples, as well as information on how to get good performance from Numba.

GPU support 

Numba can compile Python functions to GPU code. Initially two backends are available:

 Nvidia CUDA, see  
 AMD ROCm HSA, see 
Since release 0.56.4, AMD ROCm HSA has been officially moved to unmaintained status and a separate repository stub has been created for it.

Alternative approaches 

Numba is one approach to make Python fast, by compiling specific functions that contain
Python and NumPy code. Many alternative approaches for fast numeric computing with Python exist, such as Cython, Pythran, and PyPy.

References

Python (programming language)
Python (programming language) implementations
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Ulrich Mescheder. Ulrich Mescheder is a German professor and university administrator. He heads the Central Research Institute and the Technology Laboratory for Micro- and Nanosystems and is Vice President for Research at Furtwangen University of Applied Sciences. His research specializations are microsystems technology and nanotechnology.

Mescheder studied physics at the Universities of Bielefeld and Marburg, completing his doctorate in 1985. He has been on the faculty at Furtwangen University since 1991; he previously worked as a research associate at the Philips Research Laboratories in Hamburg in materials science with a focus on thin-film technology applications and was part of a team researching new methods of submicrometer structuring at BESSY in Berlin.

He has written more than 100 scientific publications as well as the textbook Mikrosystemtechnik; Konzepte und Anwendungen. At Furtwangen, he manages the Central Research Institute and the Technology Laboratory for Micro- and Nanosystems and is also Vice President for Research.

Mescheder has also served on the city council of Furtwangen.

References

External links
 "Prof. Dr. Ulrich Mescheder ", Furtwangen University of Applied Sciences 

University of Marburg alumni
Bielefeld University alumni
German nanotechnologists
20th-century German physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century German physicists