omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sodo–Moyale–Suswa High Voltage Power Line. The Sodo–Moyale–Suswa High Voltage Power Line (or Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC Interconnector) is a 500 kV bipolar high-voltage direct current electricity power transmission line connecting Ethiopia with Kenya. It was completed in November 2022.

Overview
The power line was constructed to enable Ethiopia to transfer surplus electricity to Kenya, for sale to the countries of the East African Community and the Great Lakes Region. The power generated in Ethiopia is less expensive than that generated in Kenya, and electricity imports over the interconnector were expected to lower power prices in Kenya and promote industrial growth in the country.

The project was budgeted at  (approximately US$1.26 billion). Funding was sourced from the World Bank and the African Development Bank, the principal financier.

Route
The power line starts at Sodo (Wolayta-Sodo), in Wolaita Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, about  by road south-west of Addis Ababa, the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. From Sodo, the power line runs in a south-easterly direction for approximately , as the crow flies, to Moyale, at the international border with Kenya.

From Moyale, the power line follows a south-westerly course to end near Suswa, in Kajiado County, approximately  away, as the crow flies. The power line measures about , of which approximately  is in Kenya.

Construction

The contractor for the  of power line inside Ethiopia was China Electric Power Equipment and Technology (CET). CET was also responsible for cross-border cabling and a  section in Kenya, near a place called Logologo, and the converter station in Sodo. In September 2019, it was reported that CET had completed construction of the Ethiopian section of this power line.

KEC International Limited (KEC), an Indian company, was contracted to build the  section from Elboro to Logologo, in Marsabit County.

Larsen and Toubro Limited was responsible for building the section from Logologo to Kinamba in Laikipia County, measuring . The Kinamba to Suswa section is contracted to Kalpataru Power Transmission Limited, and it measures about . A new 500 kV substation was included in the scope of work.

The interconnector was put into service in November 2022.

See also
 Energy in Ethiopia
 Energy in Kenya
 Loiyangalani-Suswa High Voltage Power Line

References

External links
CIGRÉ South Africa 2015 conference paper:
 Paulo Edmundo da Fonseca Freire et al. (2015): "HVDC link Kenya–Ethiopia – Ground Electrodes Site Selection"

Ethiopia–Kenya Power Systems Interconnection Project documents (including details, maps, etc.):
 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Summary, August 2011
 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Final Report – Ethiopia section, January 2012
 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Final Report – Kenya section, February 2012
 Project Appraisal Report, September 2012

HVDC transmission lines
Proposed energy infrastructure in Africa
High-voltage transmission lines in Ethiopia
High-voltage transmission lines in Kenya
Ethiopia–Kenya relations
ApertusVR. ApertusVR is an embeddable, open-source (MIT), framework-independent, platform-independent, network-topology-independent, distributed, augmented reality/virtual reality/mixed reality engine.

It is written in C++, with JavaScript and HTTP Rest API (in Node.js). ApertusVR creates a new abstraction layer over the hardware in order to integrate the virtual and augmented reality technologies into any developments or products.

References

External links
 https://github.com/MTASZTAKI/ApertusVR
 http://apertusvr.org/

2016 establishments
Virtual reality
Open-source movement
Ken M. Wallace. Kenneth Michael Wallace  (1944–2018) was a British engineer.

He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. After graduation, Wallace worked for Rolls-Royce until 1971, when he started an engineering firm. He began lecturing at the University of Cambridge in 1978, and retired in 2007. Over the course of his career, Wallace became a fellow of Selwyn College (1978), the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (1991), the Smallpeice Trust (1994), Institution of Engineering Designers (1994), and the Royal Academy of Engineering (1999). In 2002, he received the Sir Misha Black Award for Innovation in Design Education. He was named an honorary fellow of The Design Society in 2007. Wallace died on 3 March 2018, aged 73.

References

1944 births
2018 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of Selwyn College, Cambridge
Rolls-Royce people
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
20th-century British engineers
Tachikawa R-38. The Tachikawa R-38 was a Japanese training aircraft of the late 1930s. It was a single-engined parasol monoplane that was intended for use by civil training schools. Two examples were built, with the Japanese Military's control of resources preventing any further production.

Design and development
In 1938, the Tachikawa Aircraft Company, which was building large numbers of its Ki-9 and Ki-17 basic and primary trainers for the Imperial Japanese Army, began work on a new training aircraft for use by civilian training schools. The aircraft, the Tachikawa R-38, was a single-engined parasol wing monoplane. It had a fabric-covered welded steel tube fuselage and a wood and metal wing. The student and instructor sat in separate tandem open cockpits.

The first prototype was powered by a  Gasuden Jimpu seven-cylinder radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller and made its first flight on 22 February 1939. The aircraft was tested by the Japanese Army, with the conclusion that the lighter R-38 was superior to the Army's Ki-17 primary trainer, which used the same engine. As the Ki-17 was already in production, however, the Army had no need for a new trainer. A second prototype, the R-38-Kai was built powered by an experimental  Kosoku KO-4 four-cylinder air-cooled inline engine, produced by a subsidiary of Tachikawa. The R-38-Kai flew in July 1941.

No production of the R-38 or the R-38-Kai followed. From 1938, all major Japanese aircraft companies were required to be licensed by the government, with the armed services controlling the management of the companies. As there was no military requirement for the R-38, the Japanese Army prevented any further production.

Specifications (R-38)

References

R-38, Tachikawa
R-38
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Diesel Air Dair 100. The Diesel Air Dair 100 is an opposed-piston diesel aircraft engine, designed and produced by Diesel Air Ltd of Olney, Buckinghamshire for use in airships, home-built kitplanes and light aircraft. The prototype was  built in the 1990s and exhibited it at PFA (now LAA) airshows.  Although Diesel Air engines have been fitted  to an AT-10 airship and to a Luscombe 8A monoplane,  production numbers have been very limited.

Design and development
The Dair 100 engine is a twin-cylinder two-stroke, opposed-piston,  displacement, liquid-cooled, diesel engine direct drive design. It produces  at  2500 rpm, with a compression ratio of 18:1. The engine has two cylinders and two crankshafts linked to four pistons, the combustion chamber formed between the crowns of the pistons. There are no poppet valves, each cylinder having a ring of ports at each end.  In this "one-direction (uniflow)" engine these ports, respectively, admit air and expel exhaust gases.  This design eliminates the need for a cylinder head and camshafts. Scavenging is assisted by a centrifugal air pump, the pump also serving to provide a mild supercharging effect. Fitment of an exhaust-driven turbocharger is permissible.

The engine may use either diesel fuel (DERV) or Jet-A1 kerosene (AVTUR). Jet-A1 is more readily available at airfields, but its reduced lubricity (compared to diesel fuel) could mean that additional cylinder lubrication may be required. Fuel is directly injected into each cylinder, pressure being supplied by a hydraulically-governed mechanical fuel pump.

Dry sump lubrication is by high pressure pump delivering oil to plain main bearings and con-rod bearings.

Applications
Advanced Airship Technologies Group AT-10 airship
Luscombe 8A

Specifications (Dair 100)

See also
Zoche aero-diesel

References

External links

Diesel Air aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Liquid-cooled aircraft piston engines
2010s aircraft piston engines
Research Council for Automobile Repairs. RCAR, or the Research Council for Automobile Repairs is an international body of insurance industry financed automotive research centres, whose objective is to 'reduce the human and economic costs of motor vehicle losses'. The primary activity of RCAR is concerned with the engineering aspects of collision repairs and training requirements associated with motor vehicles. RCAR was formed in 1972, although the company Folksam that was most influential in the founding of RCAR was involved in repair research activities since 1960.

Members
As of April 2022,  RCAR has 23 members spread over 19countries. They are, in order of joining:
AZT Automotive GmbH (Germany) - Member since 1972
Bilskadekomiteen (Norway) - Member since 1972
Folksam (Sweden) - Member since 1972
THATCHAM (UK) - Member since 1972
LVK (Finland) - Member since 1974
The Jiken Center (Japan) - Member since 1978
IAG Research Centre (Australia) - Member since 1981
Tech-Cor Inc. (USA) - Member since 1983
CESVIMAP (Spain) - Member since 1985
GENERALICAR (Italy) - Member since 1986
CENTRO ZARAGOZA (Spain) - Member since 1990
KTI (Germany) - Member since 1991
KART (Korea) - Member since 1994
State Farm Research (USA) - Member since 1995
CESVI Argentina (Argentina) - Member since 1996
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (USA) - Member since 1997
CESVI Mexico (Mexico) - Member since 1998
CESVI France (France) - Member since 1999
CESVI Colombia (Colombia) - Member since 2000
MRC (Malaysia) - Member since 2004
AXA Winterthur (Switzerland) - Member since 2005
Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance, Traffic Safety Research Institute (Korea) Member since 2010
CIRI Auto Technology Institute (China) - Member since 2016

References

External links
 AZT
 Mapfre.com

Insurance industry organizations
Automotive safety
Heather Graven. Heather Dawn Graven is a Professor of Climate Physics in the Atmospheric Physics group at Imperial College London. She creates mathematical models to predict how climate change will impact the carbon cycle.

Education 
Graven earned a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from California Institute of Technology in 2001. She won the Dean's Cup for contributions to student life. She earned a PhD from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 2008. Her PhD thesis, Advancing the use of radiocarbon in studies of global and regional carbon cycling with high precision measurements of 14C in CO2 from the Scripps CO2 Program, was assessed by Ralph Keeling.

Career 
Graven studies greenhouse gas emissions. In 2008 she joined ETH Zurich as a postdoctoral researcher. She returned to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 2011, researching variations in the amplitude of CO2 over the course of seasons. Since 2013, she has led the Carbon Cycle research group at Imperial College London.

Graven's research focuses on measuring atmospheric CO2 and CH4. The emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels can compromise the effectiveness of radiocarbon dating. She is also interested in the global uptake and cycling of carbon by plants, soil and the ocean. Her team use numerical models to predict the impact of climate change on the global carbon cycle. She is the project lead on several NASA funded projects, quantifying fossil and biospheric CO2 fluxes in California.

She took part in the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2017 Annual Meeting, discussing Global Climate Science Imperatives. Graven contributes regularly to the discussion of climate change in the media.

References 

Living people
American chemical engineers
Atmospheric scientists
Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
Academics of Imperial College London
Women atmospheric scientists
Women chemical engineers
21st-century women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mitsubishi 4B4 engine. The Mitsubishi 4B4 engine is the newest all-alloy inline four-cylinder engines from Mitsubishi Motors, based on the 4A9 engine from 2004. But in terms of performance it can replace the bigger 4B1 engine.

Engine family characteristics
This new engine was developed in order to satisfy new performance, weight and ecological standards. It is derived from the older 4A91 engine. The cars that employ this engine demonstrate fall mainly in the middle of the pack of city SUVs and CUVs. Peak torque arrives at an unusually low 1800 rpm and maintains a flat plateau up to 4500 rpm.

4B40

Specifications

Applications
 2017–present Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross
 2023–present Mitsubishi Outlander

See also
 List of Mitsubishi engines

References

Mitsubishi Motors engines
Straight-four engines
Gasoline engines by model
Ecofly M160. The Ecofly M160 is a German aircraft engine, adapted by Otto Funk from a Smart Car engine and produced by Ecofly of Böhl-Iggelheim for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
Funk adapted the engine starting in 2001, with the cooperation of Daimler Chrysler. Mercedes-Benz and its Smart Car division provided assistance with adapting the engine control unit. The initial installation was in a flying school B&F Fk9 and this later resulted in a production model of the Fk9, called the Fk9 Smart.

The engine is a three-cylinder, in-line, turbocharged, four-stroke,  displacement, liquid-cooled, automotive conversion gasoline engine design, with a toothed poly V belt reduction drive. It produces  at 5600 rpm, with a compression ratio of 9.5:1.

Applications
B&F Fk9

Specifications (M160)

See also

References

External links

Official engine manual

Ecofly aircraft engines
Liquid-cooled aircraft piston engines
2000s aircraft piston engines
Allen Gersho. Allen Gersho is a professor emeritus at UCSB who made significant contributions in the area of signal compression and speech coding.

Gersho received his undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineering at MIT in 1960. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University in 1963.

From 1963 until 1980, he was a member of the technical staff in the research division of AT&T Bell Labs before joining UCSB as a professor in 1980. He took early retirement from UCSB in 1999 and was CEO of SignalCom, Inc from 1996 till 2000 when the company was sold to Microsoft.

Gersho co-authored a text book with Robert Gray on vector quantization that has become a standard reference for that topic.

Awards

Gersho is an IEEE Fellow for contributions to the theory of signal processing in communications, and the recipient of several awards and honors and in particular he was awarded the 2007 IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award.

References

Living people
Fellows of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
American electrical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Cornell University alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Elver pass. An elver pass or eel pass is a waterway modification constructed to mitigate the effects of obstructions, especially manmade weirs, on waterways, watercourses, ditches, drains, channels and flumes, on the movement of eels, fish and elvers (juvenile eels). Powerful swimmers, including salmon and sea trout, find it easy to pass through many structures. However, it is widely accepted that some structures make fish migration more difficult upstream.

Construction 
The UK Environment Agency has guidelines for the design of eel and elver passes for employment in weirs, tidal flaps & gates and sluice structures.  A variety of materials for example HDPE and stainless steel are used to construct brush and bristle surfaces, pipes, ducts, mouse holes, cat flaps and pet door types of eel and elver passes.

Eel and elver passes are distinctive from fish ladders which in turn are distinct from eel ladders. The eel ladder is constructed by introducing steps or uprights. Each step or upright of the eel ladder interrupts the flow of water at each point in the ladder. In contrast, eel and elver passes are distinct by either employing a tube which bypasses the main flow or current and/or employing a bristle surface that presents a greater length of continuous disruption to the flow of water.</p>

Migration and measurement 
Eel and elver passes have a dual purpose. By separating the eel traffic in the flow of water more accurate measurement of eel and elver migration is made possible. The results also prove the benefits. Wisbech Standard 12 July 2014 report large numbers of eels return to the Fens also being able to migrate into the Middle Level along a bristle and duct type eel and elver pass.</p>

Regulations
The Eels (England and Wales) Regulations 2009 implement Council Regulation (EC) No 1100/2007 of the Council of the European Union, establishing measures for the recovery of the stock of European eel.

Some requirements of the regulations are, where appropriate, to: 

 Notify the Environment Agency of the construction, alteration or maintenance of any structure likely to affect the passage of eels.
 Construct and operate an eel pass to allow the free passage of eels
 Use eel screens to exclude eels from water abstraction and discharge points 
 Use of a by-wash to return excluded eels to the waters they came from.

See also
Fish ladder

References 

Eels
Dams
Fish migrations
JLT Motors Ecoyota. The JLT Motors Ecoyota is a series of French aircraft engines, designed and produced by JLT Motors of Boos, Seine-Maritime for use in ultralight aircraft.

The company seems to have been founded about 2008 and gone out of business in 2010.

Design and development
The engine is a three-cylinder, in-line, four-stroke,   displacement, liquid-cooled, automotive-conversion petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 2.41:1. It employs electronic ignition and has a compression ratio of 10.5:1.

Variants
Ecoyota 82
Model that produces 
Ecoyota 100
Model that produces

Applications
Best Off Sky Ranger
G1 Aviation G1
ICP Savannah
Zenith STOL CH 701

Specifications (Ecoyota 100)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org 

JLT Motors aircraft engines
Liquid-cooled aircraft piston engines
2000s aircraft piston engines
Angela Zhang (scientist). Angela Zhang (born 1994) is an American scientist who in 2009, at the age of fourteen, began to research at Stanford University.  By 2011, Zhang's research won the $100,000 Siemens Competition in Math, Science & Technology, and earned her widespread notability for her research on cancer treatments with iron oxide gold nanoparticles.  She graduated from Harvard in 2016, and is now at Stanford University.

Education 

While attending Monta Vista High School, Zhang was reading doctorate papers on bio-engineering and attending scientific conferences; by the age of fourteen, she had begun to work as a member of Stanford's research team.  In the fall of 2012, Zhang attended Harvard University, where she majored in biomedical engineering and graduated in 2016, after which she returned to Stanford University to participate in the 2016 Medical Scientist Training Program.

Career and work 

During high school, Zhang worked with a Stanford graduate student to research the cancer-fighting potential of a single nanoparticle.  In 2011, at age sixteen, she entered her cancer-killing nanoparticle research into the Siemens Competition in Math, Science & Technology, where she won first prize and a $100,000 scholarship, and the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, she also won first prize. She was the only female finalist in the Siemens competition that year.  The following year, at the age of 17, Zhang went to the White House and presented her research to then-President Barack Obama.

As an undergraduate at Harvard, Zhang and a group of other Harvard students continued to grow her nonprofit "Labs on Wheels" concept, which she had started in 2012.  It was made to provide refurbished laboratory equipment to American high schools. Labs on Wheels has garnered grants from Harvard and was the first place in the 2013 Harvard Undergraduate Women in Business Innovation Competition,  and a finalist in the 2015 Harvard President's Challenge. Zhang presented the concept at the 2013 TEDxSan Jose.

Major contribution 

Zhang's research includes her exploration of the cancer-fighting potential of a single nanoparticle, which is known as the iron oxide gold nanoparticle. During her time at Stanford, while still in high school, Zhang and the team found that this particular nanoparticle is able to do two valuable things. It can detect cancer and the nanoparticle can deliver chemotherapy drugs more efficiently to the cells.

References 

American cancer researchers
Living people
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
People from Cupertino, California
Stanford University alumni
Date of birth missing (living people)
1994 births
FS Class 122. FS Class 122 were  steam locomotives with tenders, designed for hauling passenger trains. The Italian State Railways (FS) acquired 32 of them as war reparations after World War I from the Austrian Südbahn (SB).

History
Following the reparations resulting from the First World War, 32 units arrived at the Italian FS, which classified them as Class 122. Deliveries took place in two phases: 23 units were delivered by 1919, while the other nine were delivered following subsequent agreements between 1922 and 1923 concerning the territorial distribution of the railway lines and Sudbahn plants. Being obsolete machines, they were soon withdrawn and had been scrapped by the end of the 1920s.

Technical details
The locomotives had a  wheel arrangement.  The engine was simple expansion with two outside cylinders and outside Stephenson valve gear. The tender had three axles.

Numbering

References

Further reading
 
 
 

2-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1869
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
122
Passenger locomotives