omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ash Ingestion Detection for Aircraft. Ash Ingestion Detection for Aircraft (AIDA) is an EU FP7 project set up by a consortium of partners: Greenbank Group UK, Intelligent Systems Research Institute (ISRI), Innora, WLB, Lenis Global, AeroCARE and AeroSTAR aiming to prevent aircraft ingestion of volcanic ash.   The project delivers an advanced airborne volcanic ash detection prototype which uses bespoke machine vision interrogation of volcanic ash and an intelligent image analysis algorithm to classify the a cluster of debris into ash and not ash.

The prototype is designed to be retrofitted to an aircraft where it examines the air in the aircraft's ventilation or air-conditioning ducts. By interrogating foreign bodies using birefringence an initial classification of "ash" and "not ash" can be determined.  The system then feeds the counted particles through a trigger system which calculates the size and speed of the particles triggering a high resolution camera. The images collected are interrogated using surface feature recognition to verify the presence of volcanic ash by finding known surface features.

The presence of ash is counted and gives an early warning to the pilot, ground crews and Airline maintenance team to potentially avoid catastrophic failure of aircraft parts.
Tests completed displayed the clear differences that can be seen between non-uniform silicates (such as sand and ash) and more uniform particles.  Long term testing indicated that system cleaning would be required regularly for high loads of particulates but this is expected to occur naturally over the course of a flight.

Assessment of the prototype classification algorithm was completed with a subset of the collected results using manual particle segmentation. To fully automate the process development would be required. Results from the tests performed in laboratory conditions showed a 100% accuracy of classifying ash as ‘ash’ and a 95% accuracy of classifying sand as ‘not ash’ which is a very promising outcome.

These results indicate that particle classification is extremely successful, especially taking into account the fact that the error is distributed towards false positives rather than false negatives; the classifier does not miss volcanic ash particles which is a crucial condition to ensure safety, since misclassifying volcanic ash particles as harmless can prove much more costly than misclassifying sand particles as harmful.

See also 

 British Airways Flight 9, aircraft incident after ingesting volcanic ash
 KLM Flight 867, aircraft incident after ingesting volcanic ash

References

External links
 

Aviation safety
Ian Gent. Ian Gent is a British computer scientist working in the area of artificial intelligence and specialising in the area of constraint programming. He is a professor at the University of St Andrews. He (along with Toby Walsh) first wrote about the phase transition in many NP complete problems, in particular SAT. He was also one of the first researchers to investigate full generic methods to handle symmetry in constraint programming.

Gent founded recomputation.org, to promote reproducible experiments in computer science.

He was one of the founders of the csplib.org website, and popularised the Petrie Multiplier.

In January 2013 Gent founded the blog Depressed Academics with Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson.

References

External links
  
 

Living people
Academics of the University of St Andrews
British computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Polin Waterparks. Polin Waterparks is a Turkish manufacturer of water slides and water parks. They are known for their design, engineering, manufacturing, and installation of water slides, water play attractions, and water parks. The company was founded in Istanbul, Turkey in 1976.

History
Polin was founded in Istanbul in 1976 by architect Enver Pakiş as a fiberglass design and manufacturing company. More than 3000 water park projects in 116 countries have been completed by Polin. It offers a range of products, including signature rides such as the patented King Cobra, Magic Spheres, Spheres, MagiCone, and Space Shuttle and Stingray.

Polin uses a technique called resin transfer molding (RTM) in their water slide manufacturing process. RTM allows for the product to be created in less time than non-RTM products. Since 2006, Polin has converted 100% of its rides to RTM, and can also implement its patented Natural Light Effects (NLE) and Special Pattern Effects (SPE) into these products.

Locations
All of Polin's production takes place in Turkey. Sales offices are located in France, Russia, Morocco, Macedonia, and China. Through 2013, Polin completed its manufacturing in three plants located in Turkey. A fourth plant is expected to open in 2014.

Awards
2014 – Cartoon Network Amazone in Pattaya, Thailand – WWA Leading Edge Award
2014 – Super Combo in Aqua Fantasy in Kuşadası, Turkey – Europe's Best Waterslide
2014 – King Cobra in Aqualand Frejus, France – Europe's Best Waterslide by Kirmes and Park Revue Magazine
2014 – H2O Waterpark in Rostov-on-Don, Russia – Golden Pony Award for Excellence
2013 – King Cobra at Aqualand Frejus, France – Best Waterslide Award by Kirmes and Park Revue Magazine
2013 – King Cobra in Aqualand Frejus, France – "Most Innovative Product" in the Entertainment Category of the 2013 Turk Kompozit Composites Summit
2013 – Polin is identified as one of the top-100 fastest-growing companies in Turkey
2012 – King Cobra at Aqualand Frejus, France – Best Waterslide Award by Kirmes and Park Revue Magazine
2012 – "Export Winner of Turkey" in SMSE Category
2012 – Golden Pony Award for Excellence
2011 – Acquavillage Waterpark – "Best Italian Waterpark" by Parksmania
2008 – Odissea 2000 Waterpark is awarded as "Best Italian Waterpark" due to the new attraction: Polin's Windigo by Parksmania Club

References

Amusement ride manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Istanbul
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1976
Manufacturing companies established in 1976
1976 establishments in Turkey
Rapid Heat Cycle Molding. Rapid Heat Cycle Molding (RHCM) is also known as steam injection molding. Dr. Chao-Tsai Huang has written an extensive 68 page paper outlining, among other things, a case study on RHCM. His paper is entitled In-depth Study of RHCM and IHM Technologiesand Industrial Applications.

In general, ABS material is used as the raw material. The primary advantage of steam injection is that it eliminates weld-lines on molded parts. This allows companies to eliminate future processes such as painting. In non-steam molding, water will heat the tool to a constant temperature. Plastic will be injected to the warm tool.

In steam molding, steam is injected at 160 degrees to heat the tool. When the tool reaches a predetermined temperature (about 140 degrees), the plastic is injected. Cold water is immediately added to the process to cool the plastic down to around 40 degrees.
Because the mold is so hot when the plastic is injected, there are no weld lines, and a "perfect" product results. Steam injection molding is now being extensively used to produce the front covers of LCD TVs.

References 

Plastics industry
Schneider Sch-10M. The Schneider Sch.10M was an all-metal, twin-boom, twin-engine French aircraft from the mid-1920s, intended as a bomber and with strong defensive armament. Only one was built.

Design and development

The Schneider Sch-10M was an unusual aircraft in several ways.  It was a twin-engine, twin-boom monoplane design built entirely from metal, both its structure and skin made from Schneider's own aluminium alloy called "Alferium". It was intended for bombing, and carried photographic and radio equipment for observation, so needed strong defensive armament; the design was influenced by the need to give its two gunners the maximum field of fire.

It had a cantilever, single-piece, two-spar wing, its  covering, like that of the central fuselage and empennage corrugated with a separation of about . In plan, the wing was rectangular between the fuselage and booms and slightly straight tapered outboard.  The central fuselage was rectangular in section and contained three open cockpits.  The pilots sat side by side in a wide cockpit over the wing leading edge with one gunner in the extreme nose and the other where the fuselage began to fall away rapidly, ending at the wing trailing edge. To improve the defence  against attacks from below, the rear gunner could also fire through a trapdoor in the floor.

The two beams were covered in smooth Alferium; behind the wing they were inverted, convex teardop-shaped in section and tapered to the tail.  At the front, each had a  Lorraine-Dietrich 12Db water-cooled 12-cylinder upright V-12 engine driving a two-blade propeller. The radiators were placed on both sides of the cowlings, and the fuel tanks were in the booms behind the engines, seen as a relatively safe place in case of attack. Each main wheel of the wide track, tailskid undercarriage was rubber-sprung on a V strut enclosed by a bulged and tapered continuous extension of the boom underside. At the rear the booms were linked by a rectangular tailplane carrying a single elevator.  The booms mounted small fins with deep, balanced rudders.

The Sch-10M appeared at the Paris Aero Show in December 1924 and flew for the first time in March 1925; only one was built. There are few contemporary reports on it after the Show.

Specifications

References

1920s French bomber aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Twin-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Mid-wing aircraft
Tim Guleri. Tim Guleri is an American venture capitalist and serial entrepreneur. He is the managing director of Sierra Ventures of San Mateo, California. Prior to joining Sierra Ventures, Guleri helped build Scopus Technology and founded Octane Software.

Early life and education
Tim Guleri received his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India in 1986. He received his master's degree in robotics and industrial engineering from Virginia Tech in 1988 and was inducted into the Academy of Distinguished Alumni in 2006. He sold books door to door to put himself through graduate school.

Career
In September 1989, Guleri became part of the information technology team at LSI Logic Corporation. In 1992, he joined Scopus Technology, a customer relationship management software company, where he was vice president of field operations until 1996. Scopus went public in 1995, and was acquired by Seibel Systems in 1998 for $750 million.

Guleri founded the ecommerce company Octane Software in 1997. He was the CEO of Octane until it sold to Epiphany, Inc. in 2000 for $3.2 billion in stock. Guleri led the merger of the two companies and served as the executive vice president of Epiphany from March 2000 until February 2001. He joined Sierra Ventures, an early-stage venture capital firm that is focused on enterprise technology, as managing director of the software team in 2001. At Sierra, Guleri worked with investments in software and open source development. Through his investments from Sierra, he has taken companies Sourcefire and MakeMyTrip public. Other investments with notable exits include: Sourcefire (acquired by Cisco in for $2.7 billion), Shape Security (acquired by F5 for $1 billion), Treasure Data (acquired by Arm for $600 million), and Greenplum (acquired by EMC for $400 million).

Other investment activities
During his time at Sierra Ventures, Guleri has led investments and served on the board of directors for companies such as Again Technologies, Approva, BINA Technologies CodeGreen Networks, Greenplum, Hired.com, MakeMyTrip.com, an online flight booking service based in India, Sourcefire, and Ventaso, a business software company. He currently sits on the board of directors for companies including Astronomer, Fabric, Phenom, and Treasure Data.

Philanthropy
In 2023, Guleri and his alma mater, Punjab Engineering College, established the "Lt. Col. S.C.S Guleri and Shama Guleri 'Keep Rising' Merit Scholarship." The scholarship, named after Guleri's mother and late father, will fund the education of eight economically-disadvantaged students.

See also
 List of venture capital firms

References

External links 

 Tim Guleri - Sierra Ventures

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American venture capitalists
Punjab Engineering College alumni
DR Class 270. The DR Class 270 was an electric multiple unit of the Berlin S-Bahn. It was designed for the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) and was intended to be the replacement for the ageing fleet of S-Bahn units in East Berlin. Test runs were started in 1987 and the first batch was delivered in 1990. After German reunification, Class 270 units were reclassified as DBAG Class 485. A second batch was cancelled in favour of a new design, the DBAG Class 481.

History 
In 1980, S-Berlin trains were still composed of pre-World War II Class 475, 476 and 477 vehicles. Both the West Berlin and East Berlin S-Bahn operators were looking into options to replace their ageing fleets. In East Germany the LEW Hennigsdorf locomotive works were tasked with construction of new class of vehicle, which was presented at the Leipzig Trade Fair in 1980. However, it took until 1987 until an initial batch of eight cars were built for test running on the S-Bahn network. These entered regular passenger service in 1988.

Originally, it had been planned to build 300 units of this class to completely replace the older fleet. In 1992, deliveries were cancelled after only a 170 unit run. In 1993, one of the two car sets and side cars were being used for the Duo S-Bahn (S19) for a trial from the LEW Hennigsdorf.

Their train roller-blinds were changed to electronic displays, to allow the route to be reformatted into S-Bahn Berlin numbers. The S-Bahn, now unified, was planning a new fleet of trains (to be known as DBAG Class 481). A mock-up was presented in 1993 and the first production vehicles entered service in 1996. As it was planned for the new Class 481 to replace all the older fleet, Class 485 units were withdrawn as from 2003, with 50 trains being scrapped in 2007/2008. Due to technical problems on the Class 481, a number of Class 485 were however reactivated in 2009 - since 2012 a fleet of 80 Class 485 units have been in service. 

The 485 series was retired from service on 12 November 2023.

Deployment 
Trains made up of DBAG Class 485 units had been deployed on the following lines:

S46: Königs Wusterhausen – Westend
S47: Spindlersfeld – Hermannstraße
S8: Zeuthen – Birkenwerder
S85: Grünau – Pankow

References

External links 
 

Berlin S-Bahn
Electric multiple units of Germany
Train-related introductions in 1987

750 V DC multiple units
Henry Seth Taylor steam buggy. The Henry Seth Taylor steam buggy is the first known car built in Canada. It was built by Henry Seth Taylor, a watchmaker and jeweller in Stanstead, Quebec in 1867. It was unveiled at the Stanstead Fall Fair that year. The vehicle was crashed into a creek shortly thereafter.

Description

The Buggy was modeled after a US-built steam car Taylor had seen in 1864. It was designed by Taylor to have a coal-fired boiler for the carriage. Fully pressurized, the steam was used to move a piston attached to the rear axle, producing forward motion. The vehicle does not have a reverse gear or brakes. It was able to travel at a sustained . The vehicle features thin strips of metal bent around the edge of the wheels in place of rubber tires. It is powered by a two-cylinder boiler mounted behind the driver. Steam is generated in the vertical coal-fired boiler, which is connected by rubber hoses to a six-gallon water tank located between the front wheels.  The vehicle lacks a coal box, but has a storage nook for lump coal or wood under the driver’s perch.

The vehicle weighs . The boiler (as designed) can withstand  of pressure. It was the only example built, not having been meant for mass production; rather, it was exhibited as a curiosity at fairs around the area.

History and preservation
The vehicle lay disassembled in a barn where the wood from the carriage body and wheels had rotted away; it was discovered in the 1950s and was purchased and later restored by American collector Richard Stewart. In 1983, it was purchased from Stewart by the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa, where it has remained since. The original brass-work around the cylinders and the oil caps were found to be in "fantastic condition", but the boiler has been replaced two times.

Media
The vehicle is featured on a 43-cent stamp issued by Canada Post in 1993, as part of the Historic Land Vehicles series. It also is mentioned in the opening to Canada's Worst Driver in the 7th episode of Season 8.

References

Road vehicles
1867 introductions
Frank Allen (chemist). Frank Harmsworth Allen FRSC CChem (1944–2014) was an internationally recognised crystallographer.

Biography
Frank Harmsworth Allen was born in 1944 in Reading, Berkshire and raised in Pangbourne, a village 6 miles away and close to the River Thames. He was the only child of George W Allen and Gwendolen Retta (née Whittamore).

He gained a First in chemistry and a PhD in crystallography at Imperial College London, and in 1968 moved to Vancouver to take up a post-doctoral fellowship, working with James Trotter at the University of British Columbia. Before long, they had established the structure and conformation of thalidomide.

A little earlier, in the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Olga Kennard had founded the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. She invited Frank Allen to join the group. He began in 1970, becoming Scientific Director and then executive director before retiring in 2008 and taking on the role of Emeritus Research Fellow. Initially, in his new role at Cambridge, Allen turned his attention to data and data processing, using the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). He worked with W D Samuel Motherwell and others “to write the programs that turned the CSD from a data library into a scientific instrument”.

Appointments and awards
Won the RSC prize for Structural Chemistry in 1994
Gained the ACS Herman Skolnik Award in 2003
Visiting professor of Structural Chemistry at the University of Bristol
Member of the International Advisory Board of the PDB (RCSB)
Member of many commissions and committees of the IUCr
Member of the Council of the European Crystallographic Association
Vice President of the British Crystallographic Association from 1997 to 2001
Member of the Board of Lhasa Limited
Member of the editorial board for Springer Publishing's Structural Chemistry journal.

Personal life
Robin Taylor, CCDC Emeritus Research Fellow, noted that
He also had a dry sense of humour:

Frank married Sandra J Newman (Sandy) in 1966. They had three children: Ashley, Andrew and Stuart. Ashley was killed in a road accident in 1988, aged 20.

Frank Harmsworth Allen died on 10 November 2014.  His funeral took place on the 27th at St Andrew's, Histon. He was then buried at Histon and Impington (Mill Road) Cemetery.

References

1944 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of Imperial College London
British crystallographers
Scioptic ball. The scioptic ball is a universal joint allowing an optical instrument mounted on a ball to be swiveled to point anywhere in a wide arc. It was inspired by studies of the human eye. It has a number of applications. The scioptic ball may provide a firm anchor for a microscope, camera or telescope allowing it to be swiveled in all directions, for example to follow the course of an eclipse or for drawing panoramic views. Scioptic balls have been used as camera obscuras, projecting images from the outside on walls in darkened rooms. Scioptic balls have been used simply as light sources. It was an early example of a type of wide-angle lens.

History
Daniel Schwenter (1585–1636), professor of mathematics and oriental languages, developed the scioptic ball in 1636. In 1685, Johann Zahn illustrated a large workshop camera obscura for solar observations using the telescope and scioptic ball.

Sources 

Scioptic ball example in museum 
Scioptic ball example in museum

Optical devices
Microscopes
OmcS oxidoreductase. OmcS nanowires (Geobacter nanowires) are conductive filaments found in some species of bacteria, including Geobacter sulfurreducens, where they catalyze the transfer of electrons. They are multiheme c-Type cytochromes localized outside of the cell of some exoelectrogenic bacterial species, serving as mediator of extracellular electron transfer from cells to Fe(III) oxides and other extracellular electron acceptors. 
 
OmcS (3D structure) has a core of six low-spin bis-histidinyl hexacoordinated heme groups inside a sinusoidal filament ~5-7.4 nm in diameter, with 46.7 Å rise per subunit and 4.3 subunits per turn. The six-heme packing motif of OmcS is identical to that seen in a ~3 nm diameter cytochrome nanowire, OmcE (3D structure), even though OmcE and OmcS share no sequence similarity. 

The OmcS gene can be one the most highly up-regulated genes in the Geobacter sulfurreducens KN400 strain when cultivated in a microbial fuel cell, as compared to the PCA strain, although a role for OmcS in electron transfer to electrodes has never been demonstrated.

References

Oxidoreductases
Lee C. White. Lee Calvin White (September 1, 1923 – October 31, 2013) was an advisor to both President Kennedy and Johnson, most notably on civil rights matters.

Early life and education
White studied electrical engineering at the University of Nebraska graduated with a B.S. White then began studying law at the University of Nebraska College of Law graduating with his L.L.B.

Career
White worked as an attorney for the Tennessee Valley Authority. From 1954 to 1957, and then from 1958 to 1961, he was assistant to Senator John F. Kennedy. From 1961 to 1963 he was Assistant Special Counsel to President Kennedy. From 1963 to 1966 he was Associate Special Counsel, and then
Special Counsel, to President Johnson. From 1966 to 1969 he was Chairman of the Federal Power Commission.

According to historian Robert Dallek, although he was "not overtly or dramatically evident as a public figure, he worked behind the scenes in an effective way to deliver on executive reforms or actions." He was instrumental in pushing through Congress the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

In popular culture

In the 2014 film Selma, he was played by Giovanni Ribisi.

References

External links

 
 

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1923 births
2013 deaths
Advisors
Chairmen of the Federal Power Commission
Kennedy administration personnel
Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
Nixon administration personnel
University of Nebraska College of Law alumni