omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Intermountain Power Plant. Intermountain Power Plant is a large coal-fired power plant at Delta, Utah, US. It has an installed capacity of 1,900 MW, is owned by the Intermountain Power Agency, and is operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The plant includes a HVDC converter. It is scheduled for replacement in 2025 with an 840 MW natural gas plant, designed to also burn "green hydrogen."

Description 

The power plant consists of two units each with a generation capacity of 950 MW.  Generating units are equipped with 
General Electric tandem compound steam turbines and Babcock & Wilcox subcritical boilers.  
The boiler houses of Intermountain Power Plant are  tall and the flue gas stack is  tall. The HVDC Intermountain transmission line runs between Intermountain Power Plant and Adelanto Converter Station in Adelanto, California.

History 

Construction on the plant began in September 1981. Commercial operation of unit 1 started in June 1986, and unit 2 in May 1987. The project cost US$4.5 billion. The plant was originally designed for four units; however, only two units were built. In 2004, units 1 and 2 were uprated.  These works were conducted by GE and Alstom.   The Intermountain Power Agency planned to build the third unit of 900 MW capacity. This unit was expected to go online in 2012; however, the project was cancelled after its major purchaser, the city of Los Angeles, decided to become coal-free by 2020.

On December 28, 2011, one of the generators failed causing the shut-down of one unit for several months.

Natural gas and green hydrogen plant plans

By 2025 the plant is scheduled to be replaced with an 840 MW natural gas plant, at a cost of $865 million, which utility managers state is necessary both to avoid blackouts which could result from the non-dispatchable nature of solar and wind generation, and to ensure operation of the Path 27 HVDC transmission line which brings solar and wind power from Utah to Los Angeles.

The new natural gas fired turbines would be the first of their kind capable of burning a mix of 70% natural gas and 30% "green" hydrogen (hydrogen released by the electrolysis of water, using renewably generated electricity) when the plant opens in 2025. The plan is to steadily increase the hydrogen percentage to 100% by 2045, which will require upgrading or replacement of the turbines to be able to handle greater percentages of hydrogen.  The project was granted a $504 million DOE loan in 2022.
 
One expert noted in 2019 that using hydrogen to replace natural gas in power-plant turbines was theoretical and had never been done in practice, and a LADWP IPP official stated that the "economics remain to be seen" and "could be quite expensive."

The first major (500MW) hydrogen burning power plant in the US was expected to begin burning 5% hydrogen in Ohio in November 2021, and to migrate to 100% hydrogen over the next decade.

Gallery

See also
 Hydrogen fuel cell power plant

References 

Coal-fired power stations in Utah
Buildings and structures in Millard County, Utah
Energy infrastructure completed in 1986
Converter stations
1986 establishments in Utah
Mejia Thermal Power Station. Mejia Thermal Power Station is located at Durlabhpur, Bankura, 35 km from Durgapur city in West Bengal. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of DVC. Commissioned on 1996, MTPS is the largest thermal power plant, in terms of generating capacity in the state of West Bengal as well as among other DVC power plants.

Power Plant
Mejia Thermal Power Station has an installed capacity of 2340 MW. The plant has 8 units under operation. The individual units has the generating capacity as follows:

Units 1 through 6 are collectively named MTPS- A, while the extension work of 2×500 MW Units 7 & 8 are called MTPS-B. All the units have BHEL make boilers, turbines and generators installed in them.

See also 

 List of power stations in West Bengal
 Chandrapura Thermal Power Station 
 Bokaro Thermal Power Station B 
 Durgapur Thermal Power Station

References 

Coal-fired power stations in West Bengal
Bankura district
Energy infrastructure completed in 1996
1996 establishments in West Bengal
Hawkes Ocean Technologies. Hawkes Ocean Technologies is a marine engineering firm that specializes in consumer submarines, founded by Graham Hawkes. It is headquartered in San Francisco, US.

Hawkes Remotes

Hawkes Remotes is a subsidiary that builds ROVs (remotely operated vehicles), unmanned robotic submarines.

DeepFlight

Hawkes builds the DeepFlight range of submersibles, which uses hydrodynamic forces for diving, instead of ballast. The subs are all-electric. All or some of them have two pairs of wings like an airplane's, one pair front and the other pair rear, shorter than an airplane's and the other way up so they push the submarine down.

DeepFlight submersibles
 DeepFlight I
 DeepFlight I was sponsored by TV firms, and serve as technology testbed for DeepFlight II.
 Wet Flight 
 Wet Flight was used in filming of "Dolphins: The Ride"/
 DeepFlight II
 DeepFlight II was designed on AutoCAD.
 DeepFlight Aviator
 With an operational depth of 1500ft, the Aviator is the first of its kind positively-buoyant submersible. It relies solely on hydrodynamic forces to dive. It was designed completely on a computer.
 DeepFlight Challenger
 The Challenger was designed for Steve Fossett's attempt at the world's deepest point, Challenger Deep.
 DeepFlight Super Falcon
 The SuperFalcon is much more maneuverable than all subs preceding it. Unlike most subs, it does not have a circular pressure hull. The first example was built for Tom Perkins.  At the time of launch, it was the most advanced personal submarine in the world.
 DeepFlight Merlin 
 The initial example is called Necker Nymph and run by Virgin Limited Edition.
 DeepFlight Dragon

Other submersibles 

 Deep Rover, a series of 1- and 2-seater subs that relied on conventional ballast systems for diving, designed by Hawkes, built by Deep Ocean Engineering. — Some of the 2-seaters were used on the documentary film "Aliens of the Deep". This submarine design set the former world solo dive depth record in 1985 at 1000m.
 Deep Rover I
 Deep Rover II — Deep Rover II was used in the Michael Crichton film "Sphere".
 Mantis (submersible), a one-man deep sea engineering sub designed by Hawkes, built by OSEL. — Mantis was used in the James Bond film "For Your Eyes Only".
 Wasp (diving suit), an atmospheric diving suit for deep sea engineering designed by Hawkes, built by OSEL.

References

Citations

External links
 Hawkes Ocean Technologies DeepFlight Submersibles 

Marine engineering organizations
Shipbuilding companies of California
Submersible builders
Manufacturing companies based in San Francisco
Avions Amiot. Avions Amiot was a former French aircraft manufacturer. The company was formed in 1916 by Félix Amiot as the Society of Mechanical Drawing and Construction (SECM).

History
Félix Amiot's first aircraft was built in a Paris garage in 1913, but it was not until 1916, during the First World War, that he became seriously involved in construction. The Minister of Defence granted a contract to SECM (), owned by the Wertheimer brothers, Paul and Pierre, together with Félix Amiot. SECM and Amiot functioned as sub-contractors and assemblers only, and did not produce their own designs.

After the war, SECM and Amiot constructed light aircraft. In 1929 the company made a large sum of money selling its interest in the Lorraine-Dietrich engine company to the government. In 1934, controversially, the Lorraine company, then known as SGA, was sold to Amiot-SECM and Marcel Bloch for a fraction of the price the government had paid five years earlier.

As well as SGA, and the original SECM-Amiot works at Le Bourget, Amiot controlled the CAN () at Cherbourg. In the early phases of rearmament, Amiot scored a considerable success with the Amiot 143, widely considered one of the ugliest aircraft, along with its contemporary the Potez 542, to have flown.

As the pace of rearmament increased in the late 1930s, Amiot scored another success, this time with the elegant Amiot 354 bomber. With the fall of Paris in June 1940, Amiot and 3000 of his workers headed south, to the unoccupied zone, where he established a new factory at Marseilles. During the war, Amiot co-operated with the German occupiers to protect his interests, and those of the exiled Wertheimers, then working in the United States. Amiot became a subcontractor for the Junkers company, building 370 aircraft. Licence production of the Junkers Ju 52 trimotor continued after the war under the designation Amiot AAC.1 Toucan.  Over 400 units were built for the French military and for airline use in France and its overseas territories.

Aircraft 

 Amiot 110 - 1928
 Amiot 110-S (Seaplane) - 1931
 Amiot 120 Series - 1925
 Amiot 140/150 Series - 1931
 Amiot 340/350 Series - 1940
 Amiot AAC.1 Toucan - (Junkers Ju 52)

References

Citations

Bibliography
Lemesle, André;Du pionnier de l’aviation au père des vedettes de Cherbourg ou la passionnante aventure industrielle de Félix Amiot (1894–1974), Mémoire de la société nationale académique de Cherbourg, vol. 31, 1995.
Patard, Frédéric; L’aventure Amiot-CMN, des hommes, le ciel et la mer, Éditions des Champs, 1998

 
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
History of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1916
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1945
French companies established in 1916
1945 disestablishments in France
Arado Ar 233. The Arado Ar 233 was a 1940s German design for a civil twin-engined amphibian flying boat, developed by Dewoitine in France under the control of Arado Flugzeugwerke.

Design and development
The Ar 233 was a twin-engined flying-boat with room for ten passengers. It would have been powered by either two BMW 323 or BMW 801 engines. A retractable tricycle landing gear would have allowed amphibious operation. A mockup was completed by Dewoitine in German-occupied France, but the project was abandoned due to the Liberation of France in 1944.

General history of the aircraft
The Arado Ar 233 was intended for civilian use only but, later on in the development process, the Germans wanted to weaponize it and make it suitable for combat. Some aircraft firms that worked for the axis power, were thinking about post war German civil aircraft early in the 1940s, in accordance with a request made by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM/German aviation ministry). Some examples of aircraft designed for Germany for future civilian use are the Fw 206 and the BV 144. The Arado firm responded with their own two engine float plane design because of the Fw 206 and BV 144. The Ar 233 project began around August and bore the company designation E 430 and initially the RLM designation Ar 430. Two variants were envisaged, one being a Bramo 323 R2 powered seaplane model capable of transporting ten passengers, and the other powered by the Argus Ar 204, which was scrapped for in favor of the much more superior Bramo 323 R2.

Specifications (proposed)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

1940s German civil utility aircraft
Ar 233
Flying boats
Amphibious aircraft
Dewoitine aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Focke-Wulf Ta 254. The Focke-Wulf Ta 254 was a proposed German development of the Ta 154 fighter, to have been produced by Focke-Wulf.

Development
The Ta 254 would have been a high-wing monoplane with retractable tricycle landing gear. It was to have been powered by either two Daimler-Benz DB603E, Daimler-Benz DB 603L or Jumo 213Es piston engines. The main difference from the Ta 154 was to have been long-span wings, and it was intended to produce both day and night fighter variants.

Specifications (Proposed with Jumo 213E)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Ta 254
1940s German fighter aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Standard swap. In computer science, the standard swap or three point turn is a programming paradigm that exchanges the values of two variables.

By using a third variable, whose value is otherwise of no concern, to hold the value of the first, and then assigning the second's to the first, and the third's back to the second, the values of the first two are swapped.

For example:

 let temp = b
 let b = a
 let a = temp

In modern CPUs this is accomplished on the processor itself, in a single machine instruction, rather than having to go through RAM. In many programming languages this can be achieved using a simple swap instruction.

Programming paradigms
South African Class Experimental AC. The South African Railways Class Experimental AC of 1978 is an electric locomotive.

In 1974 and 1975 the South African Railways placed 100 Class 6E1, Series 5 locomotives with a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement in mainline service. In 1978 one was withdrawn from revenue service for use as an experimental 25 kV AC locomotive. It was rebuilt and reclassified to Class Experimental AC.

Manufacturer
The 3 kV DC Class 6E1, Series 5 electric locomotive was designed and built for the South African Railways by Union Carriage & Wagon (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal.

Orientation
These dual cab locomotives have a roof access ladder on one side only, just to the right of the cab access door. The roof access ladder end is marked as the no. 2 end. A corridor along the centre of the locomotive connects the cabs.

Test bed for 25 kV AC research
In 1978, E1600 was withdrawn from revenue service and rebuilt as a test-bed for use during 25 kV AC electrification and reclassified to the sole Class Experimental AC. It was used for testing to detect and eliminate potential problems during the electrification of the four isolated 25 kV networks. These networks are:
Pyramid South to Pietersburg and via Rustenburg to Thabazimbi
Ermelo to Richards Bay
Port Elizabeth via Noupoort to De Aar and from there northward to Kimberley and southward to Beaufort West
East London to Springfontein

The unit's single pantograph and its electronic and electric equipment were manufactured by the 50 c/s Group, a consortium consisting of ACEC of Belgium, AEG-Telefunken and Siemens of Germany, Alsthom-Atlantique and Société MTE of France, and Brown Boveri of Switzerland. The same consortium also designed the 25 kV AC Class 7E locomotives which were placed in service on the four 25 kV networks.

The vacuum circuit breaker was supplied by GEC. The original Class 6E1 AEI-283AZ traction motors, manufactured by Associated Electrical Industries, were retained and the locomotive used a thyristor-diode rectifier set for the traction motor DC power supply. Mechanical components were supplied by UCW.

Apart from the inscriptions painted on the locomotive sides, the Class Experimental AC locomotive can be visually distinguished from regular Class 6E1 locomotives by the single pantograph on its no. 2 end instead of the usual two pantographs, one on each end, as well as by the large grilles on the sides. The Class 6E1 has two large grilles to the right of centre on each side while no. E1600 has only one such grille on the roof access ladder side and three on the opposite side.

References

External links

Bo-Bo locomotives
Cape gauge railway locomotives
Electric locomotives of South Africa
Individual locomotives of South Africa
Railway locomotives introduced in 1978
Transnet Rail Engineering locomotives
Union Carriage & Wagon locomotives
Gatehouse (waterworks). A gatehouse, gate house, outlet works or valve house for a dam is a structure housing sluice gates, valves, or pumps (in which case it is more accurately called a pumping station).  Many gatehouses are strictly utilitarian, but especially in the nineteenth century, some were very elaborate.

Background
A set of outlet works is a device used to release and regulate water flow from a dam. Such devices usually consist of one or more pipes or tunnels through the embankment of the dam, directing water usually under high pressure to the river downstream. These structures are usually used when river flow exceeds the capacity of the power plant or diversion capacity of the dam, but is not high enough to warrant use of the dam spillways. They may also be used when river flows must be bypassed due to maintenance work in the power station or diversion gates. Although similar in purpose to spillways, outlet works provide a more controlled release to meet downstream flow requirements.

A typical set of outlet works begins in an intake structure, which is usually a canal or intake tower. A regulating gate or valve controls water flow into the pipes of the outlet works, which discharge downstream into a stilling basin or directly into the river.
The inlets of the outlet works may consist of either gates or valves, or be composed of a more primitive system of stoplogs. Inlets may also contain a series of other devices for different purposes, including trash racks and fish screens.

See also
 :Category:Gatehouses (waterworks) – listing notable examples

References

Dams
Hydraulic engineering
Skandinaviska Aero BHT-1 Beauty. The Skandinaviska Aero BHT-1 Beauty is a 1940s Swedish single-seat light monoplane designed by E. Bratt, K.E. Hilfing and B.Törnblom and built by Skandinaviska Aero of Stockholm.

Design
The BHT-1 is a wooden low-wing cantilever monoplane with a retractable tailwheel landing gear. Powered by a  Walter Mikron 4 piston engine it has an enclosed single-seat cockpit. The wings include slotted flaps.

Variants
The BHT-2 was a proposed two-seat development. 
A prototype constant speed propeller was developed for the aircraft using differential between engine oil, and ram air pressure to control pitch.

Specifications

References

1940s Swedish civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Xerox Operating System. The Xerox Operating System (XOS) was an operating system for the XDS Sigma series of computers "optimized for direct replacement of IBM DOS/360 installations" and to provide real-time and timesharing support.

The system was developed, beginning in 1969, for Xerox by the French firm CII (now Bull).

XOS was more successful in Europe than in the US, but was unable to compete with IBM. By 1972 there were 35 XOS installations in Europe, compared to 2 in the US.

References

External links
 XOS Documentation at Bitsavers
 XOS: the Xerox operating system, general information digest

Discontinued operating systems
Proprietary operating systems
Operating System
Friedrich Voss. Friedrich Voss (7 July 1872 —  3 March 1953) was a German civil engineer educated at Braunschweig University of Technology.

Biography
Voss was born in Calvörde. As a civil engineer his career began at the municipal waterways management of Hamburg-Harburg. In 1903, Voss became technical assistant at the Ministry of Public Works; 1908 appointed as head of the newly created bridge construction office within the Imperial Office of the Canals, following the enlargements of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. Voss designed and engineered three viaducts over the Kiel Canal: The Holtenau (1912-1992), Rendsburg (1913) and Hochdonn (1919) high bridges. In 1923, Voss resigned for health reasons from the civil service and founded an engineering company in Kiel, together with two of his colleagues.

Besides the viaducts over the Kiel Canal, Voss designed numeral other bridges, for example the Rendsburg Swing Bridge over the Kiel Canal that was closed 1961, a road bridge over the Eider at Friedrichstadt as well as a bascule bridge over the Eider at Lexfähre, a bascule bridge in Duisburg, a combined road and railroad bridge over the Rethe in Hamburg and a bridge over the Rhine in Krefeld-Uerdingen.

In 1922 Friedrich Voss was awarded an honorary degree at the Braunschweig University of Technology. He died at Kiel on 3 March 1953. A day after his death, he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit. Voss is buried at the Park Cemetery Eichhof in Kronshagen.

References

External links 
 Friedrich Voss website

1872 births
1953 deaths
People from Börde (district)
People from the Duchy of Brunswick
German civil engineers
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
R&D management. R&D management is the discipline of designing and leading R&D processes, managing R&D organizations, and ensuring smooth transfer of new know-how and technology to other groups or departments involved in innovation.

Definitions
R&D management can be defined as where the tasks of innovation management (i.e., creating and commercializing inventions) meet the tasks of technology management (i.e., external and internal creation and retention of technological know-how). It covers activities such as basic research, fundamental research, technology development, advanced development, concept development, new product development, process development, prototyping, R&D portfolio management, technology transfer, etc., but generally is not considered to include technology licensing, innovation management, IP management, corporate venturing, incubation, etc. as those are sufficiently independent activities that can be carried out without the presence of a R&D function in a firm.

Management models
Few dedicated management models for R&D exist. Among the more popularized ones are Arthur D. Little's Third generation R&D management, the Development funnel, the Phase–gate model All these models are concerned with improving R&D performance and result productivity, managing R&D as a process, and providing the R&D function with an environment in which the inherent technological and market uncertainties can be managed.

The Path to Developing Successful New Products a joint research by MIT & McKinsey & Co. points out three key practices that can play critical role in R&D Management: Talk to the customer, Nurture a project culture, Keep it focused.

R&D management tools
 Simultaneous Engineering
 TRIZ
 Voice of the customer
 PACE, Stage–gate model
 Technology intelligence

Associations and communities

Journals:
 R&D Management Journal
 Technovation
 Research-Technology Management

Associations and communities
 RADMA, a R&D management society based in the UK
 IAMOT, the Int'l Association for the Management of Technology
 R&D and Innovation in China

See also
 Global R&D management
 Innovation management
 New product development
 Open innovation
 Outline of management
 R&D
 Reverse innovation
 Technology management

References

Management by type
Research and development
Siemens (disambiguation). Siemens is a German engineering and technology conglomerate founded by Werner von Siemens.

Siemens may also refer to:

People 
Siemens (surname), list of people with the German surname
Siemens family, a family of German inventors, engineers, and industrialists, including:
Werner von Siemens (1816–1892), German inventor and founder of Siemens AG
Carl Wilhelm Siemens (1823–1883), brother of Werner von Siemens and inventor of the open-hearth furnace

Places 
Siemens, Michigan, a community in the United States

Companies 
 Siemens AG, a German multinational corporation founded by the Siemens family.
Siemens Energy, a German energy company 
Siemens Healthineers, a German medical technology company (75% owned by Siemens AG)
 Siemens & Halske (1847–1966), German electrical engineering company that later became Siemens AG
Siemens Brothers (1858–1955), British engineering branch of the company, later sold during World War I
 Siemens-Schuckert (1803–1966), German electrical engineering company incorporated into Siemens AG in 1966
 Siemens Transportation Group, unrelated Canadian transportation company

Science and technology 
 Siemens Nexas, a type of metro train that operates in Melbourne, Australia
 siemens (unit), symbol S, the SI derived unit of electrical conductance
 Siemens-Martin process, open hearth furnace process invented by Carl Siemens
 Siemens mercury unit, an obsolete unit of electrical resistance

See also
List of Siemens products