omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe. The Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe ('Karlsruhe Engineering Works') was a locomotive and railway wagon manufacturer in the early days of the German railways. It was based at Karlsruhe in what is now the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. 

The origins of the firm go back to an engineering works founded in Karlsruhe in 1837 by Emil Kessler and Theodor Martiensen. In 1842, the first steam locomotive, Badenia, was delivered to the Baden state railways. After a financial crisis resulting from the collapse of the bank funding the company, Kessler's engineering works also got into economic difficulties. In 1852 the Maschinenbaugesellschaft Carlsruhe was founded, Emil Kessler left the company and the crisis was overcome. 

The Maschinenbaugesellschaft Karlsruhe always belonged to the ranks of those smaller steam locomotive manufacturers that mostly built locomotives under licence which had been designed by other firms. Their major customers were the Baden state railways and, initially, also the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, the Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and the Royal Hanoverian State Railways.

After a period when the factory was working to full capacity during the course of the First World War, there followed a slump in sales in 1925, because the Deutsche Reichsbahn ordered virtually no more new steam locomotives for several years. Although they produced the first batch of seven DRG Class 86 standard steam locomotives (Einheitsdampflokomotiven) for the Reichsbahn in 1928, that same year locomotive production at the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe had to be ceased. Attempts to save the firm by taking on the construction of diesel locomotives were unsuccessful and it went into bankruptcy in 1929. Between 1842 and 1928 a total of 2,370 locomotives had been built in Karlsruhe.

The factory for the engineering works was initially located south of Karlsruhe's city centre at Karlstor. In 1902 it was transferred to a new site at Karlsruhe's western station (Westbahnhof) in Grünwinkel.
During the first 30 years of its existence, a number of notable engineers worked for the Karlsruhe locomotive builders, including Emil Kessler, Niklaus Riggenbach, Carl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach.

References

Literature 
 Werner Willhaus, Die Geschichte der Maschinenbaugesellschaft Karlsruhe und ihrer Vorgänger. EK-Verlag Freiburg, 2005. 

Transport in Baden-Württemberg
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Companies based in Karlsruhe
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of Germany
SNCF Class Z 5300. SNCF Class Z 5300 are three and four car Electric Multiple Unit type for Paris commuter and regional services. They were built by Carel et Fouche, /Francorail, Fives-Lille and OC Oerlikon between 1965 and 1968 (1st batch) and 1972 and 1975 (2nd batch). Many of these trains have been withdrawn starting from 2003.

Characteristics 
These stainless steel-bodied EMUs were built as 4-car units including a driving motor car, two intermediate trailers and a driving trailer. However, some units were shortened to three or two cars by removing one or both of the intermediate trailers. Up to three elements can be coupled together to form a 12-car trainset. The power supply is 1500 V DC with electromechanical traction equipment.

Livery 
As the use of stainless steel eliminates the need for painting; the units are silver, with originally only an orange stripe between the headlights. They are therefore nicknamed petit gris (i.e. "little gray", but also the name of a snail), couscoussière, "silver arrow" or "tin can". However, as some units were modified, the doors were painted red, light blue or dark blue according to the services they were intended for.

Since 2011, only red-doored units subsist; red doors mean that the unit is fitted with EAS (exploitation à agent seul, i.e. "single crew operation"), and may be operated without a guard.

Operation 
This class operated on the following services, but was replaced by more recent stock:
Paris-Lyon-Montereau,
Paris-Lyon-Montargis,
Paris-Montparnasse-Rambouillet,
Paris-Montparnasse-Plaisir-Grignon,
Commuter services on the southern part of RER C,
Paris-Montparnasse-Chartres,
Paris-Montparnasse-Le Mans,
Paris-Austerlitz-Orléans,
Shuttle services between Orléans and Les Aubrais (connection with mainline services) with 3-car elements,
Shuttle services between Tours and Saint Pierre des Corps on the same principle.
Melun-Juvisy (RER D), and
Melun-Montereau through Héricy (Transilien, R line).

Accidents 
 On December 24, 1987, a Z 5300 train was involved in a collision in Issy-les-Moulineaux.
 On June 27, 1988, two Z 5300 trains collided head-on at the Gare de Lyon station in Paris. The accident left 56 dead, 57 injured, and resulted in the third deadliest peacetime rail disaster in France.

Gallery

References

Haydock, David; Fox, Peter [1999]. European Handbook No. 4 French Railways Locomotives & Multiple Units, Third Edition, Sheffield, UK: Platform 5 Publishing Ltd.. .

Electric multiple units of France
Z 05300
1500 V DC multiple units of France
Reclaimed Space. Reclaimed Space is an American company based in Austin, Texas, that builds custom sustainable living spaces out of reclaimed materials. They are known for their relocatable and drop-ready functionality. Reclaimed Space's architecture is also known for its solar/wind energy capabilities and rainwater harvesting systems. Off-grid living is one of Reclaimed Space's main functionalities.

Reclaimed Spaces can function as guest homes, offices, cabins, and have been noted for their affordable housing alternative as well as Cohousing and intentional community designs.

See also
 List of companies based in Austin, Texas

References

External links
Reclaimed Space Homepage

Companies based in Austin, Texas
Jurca 1-Nine-0. The Jurca MJ-8 1-Nine-0 is a sport aircraft designed in France in the mid 1970s as a replica of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 and marketed for homebuilding. It is one of many wooden homebuilt designs from Romanian born designer Marcel Jurca. Jurca was a Henschel Hs 129 pilot in World War II who started designing aircraft after building a Jodel. Plans for two versions were produced, the MJ-8, at 3/4 scale, and the MJ-80, at full-scale. Construction throughout is of wood, and the builder may choose to complete the aircraft with either a single seat or two seats in tandem. The plans were marketed by Falconar and later Jurca Plans West.

At least two MJ-8s have flown: one powered by a Lycoming IO-540 in the USA and one powered by a Russian M14P radial built in Switzerland but now in New Zealand.

As of July 2017 one MJ-80 is known to have flown, a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-powered example in Germany.

Variants
 MJ-8 - 3/4 scale version
 MJ-80 - full-scale version. Powered with a 310 hp Continental GIO-470 or equivalent.

Specifications (typical MJ-8)

See also

References
 
 1-Nine-0 on manufacturer's website

1970s French sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Jurca aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Focke-Wulf Fw 190
Indiano Bridge. Indiano Bridge () is the first earth-anchored cable-stayed bridge in the world. It is a bridge across the Arno River in Florence (Italy) (near the Indian Monument of Rajaram II).

The bridge was built between 1972 and 1978 by Società C.M.F. S.p.A. with architectural and urban architects Adriano Montemagni and Paolo Sica, and structural design engineer Fabrizio de Miranda.

The project won the national competition organized by the Municipality of Florence in 1968, and immediately attracted attention because it involved a pedestrian bridge hanging below. For the structural characteristics Fabrizio de Miranda in 1978 received the European award-CECM ECCS (European Convention for Construction Metallica). In fact it is the first cable-stayed bridge of large span anchored to the ground made the world and is one of the largest cable-stayed bridges in Italy of the twentieth century.

Key facts
Owner: Comune di Firenze (Italy)
Contractor: C.M.F. Spa - Guasticce (Livorno - Italy)
Structural design: Prof. Dr. ing. Fabrizio de Miranda (Milan - Italy)
Span: 189 m (620 feet).
Type of bridge: highway, earth anchored cable-stayed bridge with central towers and a steel stiffened plate girder composed of 2 trapezoidal  box-girders connected by a cross-beams and horizontal bracings.

Gallery

References

Fabrizio De Miranda, Ponti a struttura d'acciaio, vol. VII, Collana Italsider, Genova 1971, pp. 301–304.
Fabrizio De Miranda, Il ponte strallato sull'Arno a Firenze in località l'Indiano, in "Costruzioni Metalliche" n. 6/1978.
Santini P.C., Il ponte dell'indiano a Firenze, "Ottagono", n. 52/1979.
Fabrizio De Miranda, I ponti strallati di grande luce, fondamenti teorici, analisi strutturale, criteri di progettazione, tecniche di costruzione, 5 esempi di realizzazioni, Ed. Cremonese, Roma 1980 (Zanichelli BO), pp. 246–258.
Gobbi G., Itinerari di Firenze moderna, Firenze 1987.
Sica P., Scritti e progetti per Firenze: 1963–1988, Venezia 1989.
AA.VV., Firenze. Guida di architettura, Torino 1992.
Andreini L., Ponte all'Indiano a Firenze, in "Rassegna di Architettura e Urbanistica", 117, pp. 127–134, Roma 2005.

External links

flickr photos

Bridges completed in 1977
Cable-stayed bridges in Italy
Bridges in Florence
Jurca One-Oh-Nine. The Jurca MJ-9 1-Oh-Nine is a sports aircraft designed in France in 1972 as a replica of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 and marketed for homebuilding. It is one of many wooden homebuilt designs from Romanian born designer Marcel Jurca. Jurca was a Henschel Hs 129 pilot in World War II who moved to France in 1948. Plans for two versions were produced, the MJ-9, at 3/4 scale, and the MJ-90, at full-scale.

Both versions can be built as single-seaters or with a second seat for a passenger no more than  tall.

Variants
 MJ-9 - 3/4 scale version
 MJ-90 - full-scale version

Specifications (MJ-9)

References

 

French sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Jurca aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Jurca Spit. The Jurca MJ-10 Spitfire is a sport aircraft designed by Marcel Jurca in France as a replica of the Supermarine Spitfire and marketed for homebuilding. Plans for two versions were produced, the MJ-10, at 3/4 scale, and the MJ-100, at full-scale. Construction throughout is of wood, and the builder may choose to complete the aircraft with either a single seat or two seats in tandem. The version represented is the Mk.IX Spitfire, but allowances are made to allow the builder to portray other versions, in particular the Mk.Vc and the Mk.XIV. Additionally, the MJ-100 version may be built with a fuselage structure of welded steel tube if desired. Plans for both versions were marketed by Falconar and later Jurca Plans West.

As of July 2017 two MJ-100s are known to have flown, one each in France (the prototype, F-WGML, originally with a Hispano-Suiza but later refitted with an Allison V-1710) and the USA (with a V-1710), with several others under construction around the world.

Variants
 MJ-10 - 3/4 scale version
 MJ-100 - full-scale version

Specifications (MJ-10)

See also

References

External links
 Marcel Jurca website

Spit
1980s French sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Replicas of Supermarine Spitfires
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
Jurca Pee-40. 

The Jurca MJ-12 Pee-40 is a sport aircraft designed in France as a 3/4-scale replica of the Curtiss P-40 and marketed for homebuilding. It is one of many wooden homebuilt designs from Romanian born designer Marcel Jurca. Jurca was a Henschel Hs 129 pilot in World War II who started designing aircraft after building a Jodel The builder may also choose to build the fuselage structure from welded steel tube.

Specifications (typical)

References

 
 
 pilotfriend.com

1980s French sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Jurca aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Implicit data collection. Implicit data collection is used in human–computer interaction to gather data about the user in an implicit, non-invasive way.

Overview

The collection of user-related data in human–computer interaction is used to adapt the computer interface to the end user. The data collected are used to build a user model. The user model is then used to help the application to filter the information for the end user. Such systems are useful in recommender applications, military applications (implicit stress detection) and others.

Channels for collecting data

The system can record the user's explicit interaction and thus build an MPEG7 usage history log. Furthermore, the system can use other channels to gather information about the user's emotional state. The following implicit channels have been used so far to get the affective state of the end user:

 facial activity
 posture activity
 hand tension and activity
 gestural activity
 vocal expression
 language and choice of words
 electrodermal activity
 eye tracking

Emotional spaces

The detected emotional value is usually described any of the two most popular notations:

 a 3D emotional vector: valence, arousal, dominance
 degree of affiliation to the 6 basic emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise)

External links
 Evaluating affective interactions: Alternatives to asking what users feel Rosalind Picard, Shaundra Bryant Daily

Human–computer interaction
Disorder (EP). Disorder is an EP by Canadian electro-industrial band Front Line Assembly released in 1988. This was the band's first EP which was only released on Vinyl. Later Disorder was released on a record called Convergence, along with the Corrosion album.

Track listing

Personnel

Front Line Assembly
 Bill Leeb – vocals, electronic instruments
 Michael Balch – electronic instruments

Technical personnel
 Dave Ogilvie – engineering (A1, A3), mixing (A2, B1, B3)
 Eddie Stromboli – cover

References

Front Line Assembly albums
1988 EPs
Wax Trax! Records albums
Third Mind Records EPs
Rocrail. Rocrail is a freeware software package for controlling a model train layout from one or more computers. Users can run trains directly from a computer, or have some run automatically with manual control for any others.

Architecture
Rocrail uses a client-server architecture that communicates via TCP/IP, and the client and server do not need to be on the same computer. Rocrail can be used from a single computer connected directly to the layout, or via any other computer on a home network, or over the Internet. Rocrail also has an HTTP interface, which will let the layout run from a web browser. An Android app is available.

The server program runs on a computer connected to the layout by one of the standard computer interface setups, and supports many command stations.

The Rocrail client connects to the server over a network. The client can also be used by itself to plan layouts. There is no need for the server or the layout to be running to edit plans. Plans can be uploaded to the server after creation.

Rocrail runs under both the Windows and Linux operating systems, using the Wxwidgets toolkit.

A partial list of supported command stations and protocols 
 Dinamo track driver system
 Digitrax LocoNet
 Easydcc
 ESU ECoS
 DCC++
 Hornby Elite (XPressNet)
 Lenz Elektronik XPressNet
 Littfinski HSI88
 Märklin 6050/6051 and Central Station 1 & 2
 OpenDCC
 RocoNet
 Roco/Fleischmann Z21
 Selectrix
 SRCP connections such as DDL and Roc-Pi
 Uhlenbrock's Intellibox
 Z21
 Zimo

Features 
 Automatic and manual modes
 Modular layout support
 Built-in DCC/MM Digital Direct Control Station
 Operates unlimited digital systems simultaneously
 Only one feedback contact per block required
 Runs on Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows systems beginning with Windows 7 (Windows 10 or higher recommended)
 Multilanguage support
 Symbol themes in SVG
 Fiddle Yard support
 Smartphone app
 Up to four Gamepads can be used as throttles
 Built in DCC programmer (Rocpro)
 Raspberry Pi (Model B) supported

Users
Many users have already registered themselves at the Rocrail Forum. Some of them are actively translating the Wiki into their own language. Others are developing open-source hardware to contribute to the project.

Open source 
Rocrail was released under GPL v3, but during September 2015, its license was changed to a proprietary model.

References

External links 
 Project Page at Launchpad
 Rocrail Forum
 OpenDCC
 Dinamo(NL)
 list of supported command stations
 list of supported operating systems

Digital model train control
Software companies of Germany
Software that uses wxWidgets
Velachery Lake. Velachery aeri (), or Velachery lake, is one of the lakes inside Chennai, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, with a good stock of water all through the year. Since Velachery is a low-lying area, the monsoon rain water from the neighbouring areas are drained into this lake.

The ambitious programme of the corporation was conceived three years ago. The local body had even engaged a consultant, shortlisted by experts from Anna University, Public Works Department and the agriculture department. The consultant gave a detailed plan in October last on how to beautify the lake. This included removal of encroachments in Gandhi Nagar and Ambedkar Nagar, fencing of the entire waterbody, provision of three decks for walking, viewing and fishing and a boating jetty. The consultant also suggested plantation of African grass, reed and bamboo along the middle deck and flowering plants and trees like bottlebrush, bougainvillea, royal palms and areca nut betel palms along the upper deck.

The rapid pace of real estate development in the last two decades resulted in the shrinking of the waterbody from 265 acres to 55 acres now. The government allocated 53 acres to the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and 34 acres to the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board for housing development. Local residents have expressed concerns that the encroachers on Erikkarai Street in Gandhi Nagar, who don't have sewage connections, are contributing to the pollution of the lake.

See also

Water management in Chennai

Lakes of Tamil Nadu
Lakes of Chennai
Andreas Mershin. Andreas Mershin is a physicist who led the MIT Label Free Research Group at the Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from 2004 to 2023. He continues to teach at MIT Sloan and is the co-founder and Chief Science Officer of RealNose.ai (https://www.RealNose.ai/), a company specializing in advanced machine olfaction technologies, such as their first product, a non-invasive diagnostic tool for early prostate cancer detection claiming canine-like diagnostic abilities.

Education
He received his MSci in physics from Imperial College London (1997) and his PhD in physics from Texas A&M University  (2003), under Dimitri V. Nanopoulos, where he studied the theoretical and experimental biophysics of the cytoskeleton. He performed molecular dynamic simulations on tubulin. Under an NSF grant he conducted cross-disciplinary research that experimented with surface plasmon resonance, dielectric spectroscopy and molecular neurobiology. Mershin tested the hypothesis that the neuronal microtubular cytoskeleton is involved in memory encoding, storage, and retrieval in Drosophila.

Career
Mershin researches bio- and nano- materials at the Center for Bits and Atoms at MIT, where he develops bioelectronic photovoltaic and machine olfaction  applications using membrane proteins integrated onto semiconductors. Mershin has patented in the field of bioenergy harvesters, he is also a co-founder of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' international annual "Molecular Frontiers Inquiry Prize" for the best scientific question posed by children.

He is also the co-founder and Chief Science Officer of RealNose.ai (http://www.RealNose.ai), a company developing advanced machine olfaction technologies inspired by the olfactory capabilities of trained dogs. RealNose.ai specializes in creating non-invasive diagnostic tools, currently focusing applications for early prostate cancer detection.

Mershin’s work has been featured in publications such as PLoS One, MIT News, and Wired. He has also appeared on QED with Dr. B and delivered two TEDx talks highlighting his research in machine olfaction and bio-nano materials.

See also 
 Quantum Aspects of Life (book)

References

External links
 Official Website
 Bio Nano Technology-New Frontiers in Molecular Engineering: Andreas Mershin at TEDxAthens
 Mershin's New Scientist article on a Nobel prize for children
 Mershin in MIT's newspaper
 The Emerging Physics of Consciousness   Chapter 4: Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins

Living people
Alumni of Imperial College London
Texas A&M University alumni
American biophysicists
21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Koolhoven F.K.46. The Koolhoven F.K.46 was a 1930s Dutch training biplane designed and built by Koolhoven.

The F.K.46 was a two-seat biplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear and tandem open cockpits. The prototype first flew in 1933, powered by a Cirrus Hermes engine. A second prototype was fitted with a sliding cockpit canopy. The aircraft entered limited production and four were used by the Nationale Luchtvaart School (Dutch National Flying School). One aircraft was evaluated by the Dutch Army. In 1935, a reduced-weight version, designated F.K.46L, was built and it was powered by a 95 hp (71 kW) Walter Minor engine. It was the only one ever built.

Most of the F.K.46s did not survive the German invasion in May of 1940. However, one was sent to South Africa for evaluation by the South African Air Force even though it was expensive compared to the de Havilland Tiger Moth. The surviving aircraft was later impressed into service by the South African Air Force.

Operators

Nationale Luchtvaart School
 South Africa
South African Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

 

 The South African Military History Society

1930s Dutch civil trainer aircraft
FK.46
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft