omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brickbottom (Somerville, Massachusetts). Brickbottom is an industrial district located in southeastern Somerville, Massachusetts, United States. Along with the nearby Inner Belt District, Brickbottom is a historically industrial zone of Somerville, with factories, warehouses, distribution centers, railroad connections, regional maintenance facilities, MBTA and Amtrak offices, retail stores and a hotel.

An elevated railroad right-of-way separates the Brickbottom area from the Inner Belt District located to the east. The two areas resemble each other in terms of use. However, Brickbottom has older dense development in a grid pattern and has a couple of small neighborhoods. Somerville is currently engaged in an ongoing community process, begun in 2011, to determine a long-term Master Plan for the Inner Belt and Brickbottom region. A draft of the plan should be available for public comment by the end of 2013.

History

Urban renewal
Although the Inner Belt highway was cancelled due to local opposition, the municipal government had already razed entire swaths of Brickbottom during the 1950s in anticipation of the plan. Nonetheless, the city decided to carry on with their urban renewal campaigns in the area. The purpose of the renewal plan was to destroy the existing neighborhood grid pattern and reorganize the area to accommodate the Interstate, provide automobile circulation and parking, and establish single-use zoning. Simultaneously, American manufacturing began a long decline and the Somerville Industrial Park that came online in the late 1960s barely ever broke even.

Artist colonization
The failure of the ambitious Inner Belt project precipitated the relative decline of activity in the neighborhood, which allowed partial colonization of the site by artists and craftspeople.  In 1988, the redevelopment of the A&P food-storage and bakery warehouse located at the corner of McGrath Highway and Fitchburg Street enabled establishment of the Brickbottom Artists Cooperative. The group of 85 artists purchased the warehouse, providing affordable housing for artists. This live-work space was the first return of residential use to Brickbottom since the 1940s and soon the project became nationally recognized as the largest artist community under one roof in the U.S., with 155 units. The lofts continue to offer a living opportunity for artists, and provide the City with cultural events and exhibits that include the popular "Open Studios" every November.

21st century
In 2001, after installation of fiber optic infrastructure, a major telecommunications building was completed at 200 Inner Belt Road in the Inner Belt Industrial Park. The hope was that this would spark high-tech interest in the area; however, a drastic downturn in the economy brought the telecom movement to a halt across the region. Some of the companies that came to revitalize the area left, leaving vacant buildings once more.

East Somerville station on the Green Line Extension opened in December 2022, at Washington Street.

References

Neighborhoods in Somerville, Massachusetts
Populated places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
SkyJack. SkyJack is an unmanned aerial vehicle created by Samy Kamkar which specifically seeks out other Parrot drones and hijacks them through their wireless network, giving the SkyJack pilot the ability to control and view the camera sources of the affected drone.

Background
Parrot AR.Drone is a radio controlled flying quadcopter helicopter built by the French company Parrot. The drone is designed to be controlled by mobile or tablet operating systems such as the supported iOS or Android. No authentication or encryption is used by the Parrot to secure the connection with the pilot.

Description

Samy Kamkar released the SkyJack hardware and software specification on December 2, 2013, as open source and detailed the creation on his website.

According to the project's website:
SkyJack is a drone engineered to autonomously seek out, hack, and wirelessly take over other drones within wifi distance, creating an army of zombie drones under your control.

Using a Parrot AR.Drone 2, a Raspberry Pi, a USB battery, an Alfa AWUS036H wireless transmitter, aircrack-ng, node-ar-drone, node.js, and my SkyJack software, I developed a drone that flies around, seeks the wireless signal of any other drone in the area, forcefully disconnects the wireless connection of the true owner of the target drone, then authenticates with the target drone pretending to be its owner, then feeds commands to it and all other possessed zombie drones at my will.

The SkyJack software seeks out other Parrot drones wirelessly by their organizationally unique identifier without requiring any previous knowledge of the targeted drones. The only security currently in the Parrot drones prevents a second pilot from taking over, however SkyJack uses Aircrack-ng to perform a "deauthentication attack" against the pilot, exploiting a mechanism in wireless security. The SkyJack software then takes over the drone as the primary pilot and provides full control and camera access to the SkyJack pilot.

See also 
 Unmanned aerial vehicle

References

Radio-controlled helicopters
Unmanned helicopters
User-Mode Driver Framework. User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF) is a device-driver development platform first introduced with Microsoft's Windows Vista operating system, and is also available for Windows XP.  It facilitates the creation of drivers for certain classes of devices.

Overview
Standard device drivers can be difficult to write because they must handle a very wide range of system and device states, particularly in a multithreaded software environment.  Badly written device drivers can cause severe damage to a system (e.g., BSoD or data corruption) since all standard drivers have high privileges when accessing the kernel directly. The User-Mode Driver Framework insulates the kernel from the problems of direct driver access, instead providing a new class of driver with a dedicated application programming interface at the user level of interrupts and memory management. If an error occurs, the new framework allows for an immediate driver restart without impacting the system.  This is particularly useful for devices that are intermittently connected to the system or support hot swapping via a bus technology such as USB or FireWire.

According to Microsoft, UMDF drivers are simpler to write and debug than kernel-mode drivers.  However, UMDF would not be used for performance-intensive or highly stateful devices.

The first version of the UMDF was shipped as part of Windows Media Player version 10 on 2004-10-12.  Code-named "Crescent", it was designed to support the Media Transfer Protocol driver, and no public interfaces or documentation were provided for it. Later, Microsoft decided to turn UMDF into a device driver development platform.

Version history 
 User-Mode Driver Framework 1.5-1.9, supports Windows XP and newer.
 User-Mode Driver Framework 1.11, supports Windows Vista and later, and Windows Server 2008 and later.
 User-Mode Driver Framework 2.0, which supports Windows 8.1 and newer.

Architecture 
A UMDF Driver is a DLL based on Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM).  However, UMDF does not use COM for loading, unloading, or controlling concurrency; it only uses COM as a programming pattern, for example exploiting COM's IUnknown interface. At startup, UMDF calls DllGetClassObject to get a pointer to an IClassFactory interface in the driver and then uses the CreateInstance method of the IClassFactory interface to create an instance of the driver callback object.

The driver object is an instance of the framework-provided IWDFDriver interface.  The driver provides a set of callbacks via the IDriverEntry COM interface, which is the main entry point for driver customization.

See also 
 Windows Driver Frameworks (WDF)
 Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF)

References

External links 
 

 Peter Wieland's blog – developer lead on the UMDF team at Microsoft

Device drivers
Free and open-source software
Microsoft application programming interfaces
Microsoft free software
Software using the MIT license
Windows-only free software
Amax Sport 1700. The Amax Sport 1700 is an Australian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Amax Engineering of Donvale, Victoria. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit or in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Sport 1700 features a strut-braced parasol wing, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, while the wing is of wooden construction, with the whole aircraft covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has a wing area of  and are capable of folding for storage for ground transport. The acceptable power range is .

The Sport 1700 has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 500 hours.

Specifications (Sport 1700)

References

Sport 1700
1990s Australian sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Michael Bedzyk. Michael J. Bedzyk is an x-ray physicist, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University.

Biography
His research program includes the development of novel X-ray probes and the characterization of surface, interface, and thin-film structures with atomic resolution. He conducts experiments using both in-house and synchrotron X-ray facilities. The latter have greatly enhanced chemical and structural sensitivity for studying systems as dilute as one-hundredth of an atomic monolayer.

He also developed a number of methods for generating X-ray standing waves with differing characteristic length scales. He uses these periodic X-ray probes to pinpoint the lattice location of adsorbate atoms on crystalline surfaces, to measure strain within epitaxially grown semiconductor and ferroelectric thin films, and to locate heavy atoms within ordered ultrathin organic films.

Awards and significant honors
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2012

Fellow, American Physical Society, 1998

Bertram Eugene Warren Diffraction Physics Award, American Crystallographic Association, 1994

Education
Bedzyk received his bachelor's, M.S., and PhD degrees all from State University of New York at Albany. His PhD thesis was titled "X-ray standing wave analysis for bromine chemisorbed on silicon."

References

 Michael Bedzyk's Faculty Page
Bedzyk Research Group

Northwestern University faculty
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Living people
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American crystallographers
Copenhagen Wheel. The Copenhagen Wheel was a rear wheel e-bike system. The wheel was connected using an iOS or Android application and was equipped with an electric motor, battery, and suite of sensors that worked together to amplify a rider's pedal power. The Copenhagen Wheel was developed at MIT's Senseable City Lab in 2009 in partnership with the city of Copenhagen, and unveiled at the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference. In December 2012, Assaf Biderman, a co-inventor of the Wheel and associate director of the MIT Senseable City Lab, founded SuperPedestrian Inc. with an exclusive license to commercialize the Wheel. The Copenhagen Wheel officially launched in the U.S. in April 2017, and in Europe in October 2017

In 2020 The Copenhagen Wheel was discontinued by Superpedestrian.

Physical components 
The Copenhagen Wheel contained a custom brushless motor, advanced sensors, control systems, and a lithium-ion battery, enclosed within the rear wheel hub. The control system interfaced with a range of sensors measuring torque, power, cadence, pedal position, and acceleration to monitor a rider's effort when pedaling. The Wheel responded to a rider's inputs by providing the appropriate level of assistance at each moment. The wheel's battery was charged via an external cord that fitted a standard wall outlet. Electronic Braking Assistance while riding partially recharged the wheel when coasting or backpedaling. With a full charge, the wheel's reported range was up to 50 km (31 mi). Extensions in range were possible when using low-power modes.

References

External links 
 Company website

Hybrid vehicles
Bicycle parts
Vericut. Vericut (publicly capitalized VERICUT), is a software program used for simulating CNC machining. It is used to simulate tool motion and the material removal process, detecting errors or areas of inefficiency in NC programs. It was developed by CGTech Inc. and first released in 1988.

History

Vericut was designed by CGTech Inc. in 1988. The software was first developed to run in Unix workstations and was later ported to Windows. Since its initial launch, Vericut has been installed and is used by Fortune 500 and other notable companies including Boeing, Airbus, General Motors, and Israel Aircraft Industries As of 2009, Vericut has been used by more than 2000 companies worldwide. In 2011, CGTech was ranked as the largest independent NC verification and simulation software provider based on revenue, with over 9,000 installed seats.

Features

Vericut is standalone software but also integrates with CAD, CAM, and PLM systems including CATIA, Siemens NX, PowerMILL, EdgeCAM, Mastercam and Hypermill. It uses a three-axis through five-axis simulation motion to simulate milling and drilling operations. The simulation is displayed on a graphics screen as a solid 3D model of the raw stock, simulating the programmed cutting motions and then displaying the finished part.

Machine tool simulation

Vericut software is customizable and includes a selection of machine tools. Machine models can also be built from scratch, using a CAD system or by defining such in the software. It contains a component tree to manage the kinematics of a machine. Vericut simulates machine tools in their entirety as they would appear in a shop and shows the removal of material at the workpiece level. It also simulates NC machine controls and automatically checks for collisions and over travel of machine tools to reduce the probability of a machine crash.

The machine simulation feature detects all machine components for near-misses and collisions. Near miss zones can be set up by users around components to check for close calls and over-travel errors. Machine movements are simulated in review mode while stepping or playing backwards.

NC program optimization

Vericut has NC program optimizing capabilities. It automatically determines the safe feed rate for each cut based on programmed feed rates, reducing cycling time. The optimization is said to reduce the amount of scrapped parts, broken tools, and cutter deflection.

See also

 Machine tool
 Tool wear
 List of computer-aided manufacturing software

References

Manufacturing software
1968 Kham Duc C-130 shootdown. A United States Air Force Lockheed C-130B Hercules aircraft was shot down on May 12, 1968, during the Battle of Kham Duc in Vietnam.  Everyone on board, 150 Vietnamese civilians, one U.S. Special Forces officer, and 5 U.S. Air Force crewmen, were killed. At the time, it was the deadliest aircraft crash in history, is currently the deadliest aviation incident on Vietnamese soil, and remained the deadliest loss of a U.S. military aircraft until Arrow Air Flight 1285R in 1985.

The aircraft, commanded by Major Bernard L. Bucher, was participating in the evacuation of South Vietnamese civilians from the Kham Duc campsite that was under attack. The C-130 approached the Kham Duc airstrip from the south and managed to land despite taking hits from opposing North Vietnamese forces. As soon as it landed, 150 South Vietnamese rushed onto the aircraft. Once the aircraft was full, Major Bucher proceeded to take off in a northward direction, unaware that the North Vietnamese were concentrated in that area. According to eyewitness reports, the aircraft, under intense anti-aircraft fire from 12.7mm and 14.5mm heavy machine guns, shook violently out of control, crashed into a nearby ravine less than a mile (1.6 km) from the end of the airstrip, and burned, killing all of the evacuees, the Special Forces officer, and the aircraft's crew of five.

References

1968 in South Vietnam
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1968
Aviation accidents and incidents in Vietnam
20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents
Accidents and incidents involving United States Air Force aircraft
May 1968 in Asia
Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Daytona Aircraft D-200. The Daytona Aircraft D-200 is one of a series of American training aircraft developed in the 1990s by Daytona Aircraft.

Development
The DA-200 is a two place side-by-side configuration, low wing aircraft with tricycle landing gear and gull wing doors. It features a double tapered wing, similar to a Mooney 201, and a swept tail with dorsal fin similar to a Cessna 172. The aircraft uses all aluminum construction. It was the first demonstrated in a line of aircraft intended to be built in Fargo, North Dakota. The producers hoped to capitalize on the lack of prior manufacturing liability.

Variants
D-160
D-180
D-200
Two seat prototype
D-250
D-270
D-300

Specifications (D-200)

See also

References

D-200
1990s United States civil trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Deep cement mixing. Deep cement mixing (DCM) is a geotechnical engineering deep foundation ground
improvement technique where a binder material, typically cement, is injected into the ground for ground stabilisation and land reclamation. The technique can also be used for containing contaminants and water cut-off. The resulting stabilised soil generally has a higher  strength, lower  permeability, lower compressibility and reduced  liquefaction risk than the original soil. In land reclamation applications it is typically used when cheaper techniques such as dredging or draining cannot be applied because of environmental concerns due to contaminated soil that these two techniques would release. The expansion of the Hong Kong International Airport and Tokyo's Haneda Airport are examples of this.

Deep cement mixing was first developed in Japan where first field tests began in 1970. Originally granular quicklime was used as binder to stabilise the underlying soil, but soon better results were obtained using cement slurry and cement mortar. Until the end of the 1980s, DCM was used only in Japan and Scandinavia. Since then it has gained popularity also in the United States and Europe.

Deep cement mixing consists of using specially designed equipment, such as augers or mixing paddles, to mechanically mix the soil with an in-situ binder. The process simultaneously breaks up the soil without removing it, injects a binder at low pressure and thoroughly mixes the binder with the soil to form a reinforced block of soil after treatment. The soil to be improved is mixed mechanically in-situ either with a binder in a slurry form (wet method) or with a dry binder (dry method). As the soil is soft, the binder material mixes with the soil diffusing back into the excavated hole, so it is important to choose a binder material appropriate for the specific soil, although in the vast majority of cases, cement works well. As the cement-soil mix begins to harden, further cement is added on top of the growing column until the column reaches all the way up to the start. During this process further excavation of the diffusing soil may be required. The deep
soil mixing columns are typically 0.6 to 2.4 m in
diameter and depths of up to 50m can be reached depending on the nature of the ground conditions and the technique employed. Steel reinforcement can be inserted into fresh soil-mix to increase bending resistance of deep soil mixing
columns used for excavation control. 
Finally the machinery is moved to the location of the next column where the process is repeated in order to form another column. Once fully hardened these columns are then able to bear much higher loads than the seabed (when using the technique to reclaim land) or the typically soft soil upon which one wants to build.

References

External links
 Part of Report of DCM used in Tokyo
 Hong Kong Airport Technical Report
 Video containing an animation of deep cement mixing as used in Hong Kong

Deep foundations
TechHaus Volantis. The TechHaus Volantis is an American electric-powered hover vehicle commissioned by pop star Lady Gaga as a "flying dress" in support of her 2013 album Artpop.

Design and development
Volantis is a remote-piloted hover vehicle capable of carrying a single passenger. It was designed by the UK based agency Studio XO in consultation with drone designer and pilot Gus Calderon and was constructed in the US by TechHaus, the technology branch of Lady Gaga's creative team, the Haus of Gaga. Begun in 2011, it took two years to complete.

The design is essentially a scaled-up drone. Six lifting rotor units are mounted on booms in a hexagonal formation radiating from a central hub, giving the device the ability to hover three feet above the ground.

A triangular vertical truss made of titanium extends down from the hub, with a circular landing platform at the bottom. A single passenger stands on the platform and is secured to the truss by a safety harness. The harness is in turn covered by a white moulded carbon fiber "dress".

Each rotor unit comprises two concentric and contra-rotating rotors made from carbon fiber composite, driven by electric motors and mounted within a common duct. Power is provided by onboard batteries with a capacity of approximately 250 Ah. The battery system is located at the top of the central column, which helps to minimize the length and weight of power cabling. A remote pilot operates the craft via radio control.

The passenger must wear a safety helmet and has no flight controls.

Operational history
At her ArtRave event in 2013, inside a building at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Gaga hosted a press conference at which she introduced Volantis as "the world's first flying dress". It has been described by Entertainment Weekly as a "hover dress". At the event, Volantis took off and hovered a few feet (a meter or so) above the stage. It was flown forward a short distance, then brought back and landed.

Gaga had promoted the dress by tweeting earlier in the day, "At 6pm EST today we will beta test VOLANTIS with the world. We invite you into our creative process during her initial stages of lift off." She quipped that the dress was "maybe a small step for Volantis... but a big-time step" for her.

In May 2017 Volantis was scheduled to be displayed in the "Drones: Is the Sky the Limit?" exhibition at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, New York.

Specifications

See also

 2013 in aviation
 List of individual dresses
 Helicopter
 Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee flying platform
 Personal air vehicle
 Volantor (Moller M200)

References

Notes

Bibliography
 
 

Individual dresses
Lady Gaga
Personal air vehicles
White dresses
Israel Cidon. Israel Cidon () is an Israeli professor of electrical engineering and entrepreneur. In 2023, he was appointed as the director of the Joan & Irwin Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech.

He served as a faculty member and later as Dean at the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology. 
In addition to his academic roles, Cidon has co-founded several technology companies, including Micronet Ltd., Actona Technology, Viola Networks, and Sookasa.  Cidon also worked at VMware Research, where he was Vice President and a researcher in high-performance networking technologies.

Throughout his career, Cidon has published over 180 peer-reviewed papers and holds 65 U.S. patents.

References

Israeli engineers
20th-century births
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)