omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paul André Albert. Paul André Albert (April 14, 1926 – October 26, 2019) was an American metallurgist. In the 1970s and 1980s, he helped to develop the class of doped cobalt-chrome alloys still in use in the manufacture of computer hard disks.

Albert was born in Van Buren, Maine, to Doctor Armand Albert and Marie Lussier Albert, and was a direct descendant of Canadian pioneer Pierre Boucher.  Albert earned a BS in physics from the University of Maine and an ScD in Metallurgy from New York University. During his career at Westinghouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and then at IBM in Poughkeepsie, New York, in Essex Junction, Vermont, and in San Jose, California, Albert co-authored several other patents on the production of anisotropic magnetic films and the means of recording and reading data in them. Albert also contributed to early work on high-density perpendicular recording.

After retiring from IBM in 1982, Albert helped to develop research alloys for disk drive manufacturers such as IBM, Western Digital and Seagate. In 1985, Albert Consulting was incorporated and began arc melting PVD research alloys under the name ACI Alloys. During the 1990s, researchers at ACI Alloys expanded to other thin film markets by developing techniques for the casting of sputtering targets made of fully reacted transition metal alloys such as Gallium Nickel and Germanium Antimony Telluride as well as high-purity arc-cast precious metal targets and evaporation (deposition) materials.

Albert died on October 26, 2019, at the age of 93. He was remembered as having his "greatest love by far was his family."

Albert was survived by his wife, Jeanne (Kachmar) Albert, whom he married in 1955, his eight children, twenty grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

References

1926 births
American metallurgists
People from Van Buren, Maine
People from San Jose, California
University of Maine alumni
New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science alumni
2019 deaths
No. 5 Flying Training School RAF. No. 5 Flying Training School (5 FTS) is a former Royal Air Force flying training school that operated between 1920 and 1974.

History

First formation
The school was formed on 26 April 1920 at RAF Shotwick and redesignated No. 5 Service Flying Training School from 3 September 1939, part of No. 23 Group. It used a variety of aircraft including de Havilland DH.9s, Avro 504s, Sopwith Snipes, Westland Wapitis, Avro Tutors, Gloster Gauntlets, Westland Wallaces, Hawker Audaxs, Hawker Hinds, Fairey Battles, Hawker Hurricanes, North American Harvards, Miles Masters, Airspeed Oxfords, Miles Magisters and de Havilland Tiger Moths.

It was disbanded in April 1942 at RAF Ternhill by redesignation to No. 5 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit.

Second formation
The school was reformed from 23 April 1947 at RAF Thornhill, Southern Rhodesia as part of the Rhodesian Air Training Group until 4 January 1948 when it was redesignated No. 3 Air Navigation School (3 ANS), specialising in training Navigators on Avro Ansons. Their other aircraft (Tiger Moths and Harvards) were sent to nearby No. 4 Flying Training School RAF at RAF Heany.

Third formation
Reformed as a standard flying training school, again in Southern Rhodesia, flying Tiger Moths and de Havilland Chipmunks on 22 January 1951. It would reabsorb 3 ANS on 28 September 1951 and stay at RAF Thornhill until disbanding on 30 December 1953.

Fourth formation
1954–1974
No. 5 Flying Training School, (5 FTS), reformed at RAF Oakington on 1 June 1954 from No. 206 Advanced Flying School RAF. Its initial role was to convert trainee pilots to jets using de Havilland Vampire T.5 single seat jets and Vampire T.11 twin-seat jets. In March 1962 these types were exchanged for the Vickers Varsity T.1 twin piston-engine navigational trainers. The school took new graduates who had completed basic pilot training and provided further training in the handling of multi-engine aircraft as a precursor to posting onto Bomber or Transport squadrons/units. The Varsity remained in service with 5 FTS until early in 1974 when it was replaced in the role by the Scottish Aviation Jetstream T.1. 5 FTS was disbanded on 31 December 1974 when the need for training on piston engined aircraft reduced. The airfield was then closed, becoming a British Army barracks.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 

05
Military units and formations established in 1920
Military units and formations disestablished in 1974
Synthetic Biology Open Language. The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) is a proposed data standard for exchanging synthetic biology designs between software packages. It has been under development by the SBOL Developers Group since 2008. This group aims to develop the standard in a way that is open and democratic in order to include as many interests as possible and to avoid domination by a single company. The group also aims to develop and improve the design standard over time as the field of synthetic biology reflects this development.

A graphical modeling language called SBOL Visual has also been created to visualize SBOL designs.

Releases

References

Biocybernetics
Bioinformatics
 
Systems biology
West Union Covered Bridge (West Virginia). The West Union Covered Bridge (1843), on Middle Island Creek, was a local historical landmark of West Union, West Virginia, USA, until its destruction in a flood in 1950. It was one of more than 100 covered bridges constructed throughout the state in the mid- and late 19th century.

History
The locally celebrated bridge replaced an earlier one built at the settlement then called Lewisport. According to an early resident, A.A. Bee, "The first bridge across Middle Island Creek [at West Union] was of hewed logs with a center abutment of stones. In the great flood of 1835 it was washed away".

In 1842, a contract for a replacement was awarded to the well-known civil engineer Colonel Benoît "Claudius" Crozet (1789–1864). (Crozet was an immigrant from France who had served in the French military and later taught at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, as well as helping found the Virginia Military Institute.) The new covered bridge at West Union was part of a series of public works along the Northwestern Turnpike which stretched from Winchester west to the Ohio River through what was then all the state of Virginia. Ephraim Bee (1802–1888), a local blacksmith, magistrate, and state legislator, made all the iron bolts and bands for the bridge, which was completed in 1843.

The West Union Covered Bridge was destroyed after 107 years in a long-remembered flood that devastated the region in June 1950. The inundation also destroyed homes and businesses, killing more than 20 people throughout Doddridge County. The bridge collapsed into the river below, and, because officials feared that it would dam the flood water and create more problems, the still intact wooden structure was demolished.

See also
List of covered bridges in West Virginia

References

Citations

Other sources
Toothman, Melissa (2015), ”Doddridge County Historical Society Remembers and Honors Survivors and Lives Lost in 1950 Flood”, The Exponent-Telegram (Monday, 13 July issue).

Bridges completed in 1843
Buildings and structures in Doddridge County, West Virginia
Covered bridges in West Virginia
Road bridges in West Virginia
Transportation in Doddridge County, West Virginia
Wooden bridges in West Virginia
1843 establishments in Virginia
Buildings and structures destroyed by flooding
Demolished buildings and structures in West Virginia
Middle Island Creek
1950 disestablishments in West Virginia
West Union, West Virginia
Defense Electronics. Defense Electronics (formerly RF Design) is a Penton Media trade magazine that covers radio frequency design.

RF Design was started in 1978  and was published by Penton Media on a quarterly basis.

References

External links
http://defenseelectronicsmag.com/

Business magazines published in the United States
Electrical and electronic engineering magazines
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 1978
Magazines published in Tennessee
Professional and trade magazines
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Mesko. Mesko is a Polish defense technology company established in 1922, operating from August 25, 1924 as Państwowa Fabryka Amunicji (National Ammunition Factory), then Zakłady Metalowe MESKO SA (Metal Factory MESKO SA). At present the company produces various munitions with headquarters in Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland.

In the past, the factory was a manufacturer of home appliances, as in the communist period it belonged to the "Predom" union of industries. Currently part of the Polish Armaments Group (Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa) concern, previously to the Bumar group.

Current products 
 Grom – Man-Portable Air Defense System (MANPADS)
 Piorun – MANPADS
 SPIKE-LR – Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)
 NLPR-70 – Unguided rocket for use for air-to-ground purposes
 Various small arms ammunition
 "PIRAT" ATGM
 "MOSKIT" ATGM

References

External links 
 MESKO SA – Strona oficjalna
 MESKO-ROL
 MESKO-AGD

Defence companies of Poland
Polish brands
John L. Tishman. John Louis Tishman (January 24, 1926 – February 6, 2016) was an American real-estate developer, and chief executive officer of Tishman Realty & Construction.

Life
John Louis Tishman was born to Jewish parents, Rose and Louis Tishman, on January 24, 1926, in New York City. His father worked in the family construction business founded by his grandfather Julius Tishman and died when he was 4. In 1946, he graduated from University of Michigan, where he studied electrical engineering. After school, he served in the United States Navy and then taught mathematics before joining the family construction business, Tishman Realty & Construction, then run by his uncle David Tishman (father of Robert Tishman, the co-founder of Tishman Speyer Properties). The firm acted as both a developer and general contractor until 1980, when it became solely a construction firm.

He was manager during the construction of Madison Square Garden, the John Hancock Center, and the first World Trade Center.

Philanthropy
He established the Tishman Construction Management Program, at University of Michigan, with a $5 million gift.
He supported the New School, with a $1 million gift.

Personal life
In 1953, he married Suzanne Weisberg (died 2005); they had two children, Daniel Russell Tishman and Katherine Tishman Blacklock. His son Dan is chairman and CEO of the family company renamed the Tishman Construction Corporation.

Death
Tishman died on February 6, 2016, at his home in Bedford, New York.

References

External links
Profile at Bloomberg.com

1926 births
2016 deaths
American businesspeople in real estate
20th-century American Jews
Businesspeople from New York City
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Tishman family
21st-century American Jews
Kaishiki No.1. The  was the first successful Japanese-designed and constructed airplane. It was designed by Captain Yoshitoshi Tokugawa and was first flown by him on October 13, 1911, at Tokorozawa in Saitama Prefecture.

There is a replica displayed in the Tokorozawa Aviation Museum, located near the place where the aircraft's first flight took place.

Specifications

References

External links

Pusher aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1911
San Diego State University Georgia Campus. San Diego State University Georgia (SDSU-G), or SDSU Georgia, is a representation of San Diego State University (SDSU) in Tbilisi, Georgia, offering internationally accredited Bachelor of Science programs in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in the country of Georgia. These programs enable Georgian students to receive a high-quality STEM education and earn an American academic degree.

Founded in 2014, SDSU Georgia is funded through a compact signed between the United States of America's Millennium Challenge Corporation and the Government of Georgia.

Academics
Academic degrees are offered in partnership with three leading Georgian universities and are designed to prepare students to excel in science and technology fields. The classrooms, engineering and science laboratories, and computer workstations are designed to meet the same criteria and provide the same technologies that are used at San Diego State University in the United States.

Courses are taught in the English language by San Diego State University faculty from both the United States and Georgia.

SDSU Georgia diplomas meet the standards of various accreditation agencies, including Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC), Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), and the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Academic degrees currently offered are:

In conjunction with Georgian Technical University (formerly the V.I. Lenin Georgian Polytechnical Institute):
 Chemistry
 Computer Engineering
 Electrical Engineering with a Power Engineering focus
 Civil Engineering
In conjunction with Ilia State University:
 Computer Engineering
 Electrical Engineering with a Microelectronics focus
In conjunction with Tbilisi State University:
 Computer Science
 Chemistry with a Biochemistry focus
 Computer Engineering
 Electrical Engineering

English Language Academy
To help prepare students for admission, the SDSU Georgia English Language Academy (ELA), in collaboration with the Center for International Education (CIE), offers preparatory English language courses in Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, and other Georgian cities. The ELA is designed to help prepare potential SDSU Georgia students who have a solid background in STEM with the appropriate English language skills necessary to successfully meet the San Diego State University TOEFL requirements for admission.

Travel
Students are offered an opportunity to travel to San Diego, California, and complete one or more semesters of instruction at the main San Diego State University campus with the same tuition fee.

See also
San Diego State University

References

External links
Official SDSU Georgia website
About SDSU Georgia
SDSU Georgia English Language Academy (ELA)

Georgia
San Diego State University Georgia
San Diego State University Georgia
San Diego State University Georgia
Educational institutions established in 2014
2014 establishments in Georgia (country)
Mary Fernández. Mary Fernández is an American computer scientist and activist for women and minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). She is the president of MentorNet, an organization that helps mentors and students develop mentoring relationships.

Education 
Fernández enrolled in the engineering department at Brown University in the early 1980s. After taking an introductory computer science course taught by Andries van Dam, she changed her major to computer science. She earned her bachelor's and master's degrees from Brown, and her Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1995.

Career 
Fernández joined AT&T as a senior technical staff member in 1995. She worked there for seventeen years, ending her career as the Assistant Vice President of Information and Software Systems Research. During her time there, she worked on technology to handle semi-structured XML, particularly the XQuery language.

In 1998, Fernández joined MentorNet, an organization that matches mentors with STEM students and helps them develop mentoring relationships. She joined the board of directors of the organization in 2009, becoming the board chair in 2011. In 2013 she became CEO, and she transitioned to president in 2014 when MentorNet became a division of the Great Minds in STEM non-profit.

Fernández served as the secretary and treasurer of ACM SIGMOD, and was the associate editor of ACM Transactions on Database Systems. She serves on the board of the Computing Research Association. In 2011, Fernández was awarded the Great Minds in STEM Technical Achievement in Industry Award.

References 

American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Brown University alumni
Princeton University alumni
AT&T people
Scientists from New York (state)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American scientists
21st-century American scientists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
China Railways SS3. The Shaoshan 3 () is a type of electric locomotive used on the People's Republic of China's national railway system. This locomotive was the third Chinese electric main line locomotive, built by the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works. The power supply was industrial-frequency single-phase AC, and the axle arrangement Co-Co.

Manufacturers 
SS3s have been manufactured by several companies:
Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works (0001～0677;4001～4008;4085～4104;5029～5251)
Datong Electric Locomotive Works (6001～6095;4009～4084;4108～4556)
Ziyang Locomotive Works (8001～8057)
CRRC Taiyuan Co., Ltd. (4105～4107)

Preservation 
SS3-0001: is preserved at the China Railway Museum
SS3-0023: is preserved at Central South University
SS3-0054: is preserved at the China Railway Museum
SS3-0450: is preserved at Liuzhou Railway Vacational Technical College
SS3-4493: is preserved at Taiyuan Locomotive Depot, Taiyuan Railway Bureau

Gallery

References

External links 
SS3型电力机车_TrainNets.com (Chinese)

Co′Co′ locomotives
SS3
25 kV AC locomotives
CRRC Datong locomotives
Zhuzhou locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1978
Standard gauge locomotives of China
China Railways SS3B. The Shaoshan 3B (Chinese: 韶山3B/大3B) is a type of electric locomotive used on the People's Republic of China's national railway system. This locomotive was built by the Ziyang Electric Locomotive Works. The power supply was industrial-frequency single-phase AC, and the axle arrangement Co-Co+Co-Co.

SS3B Electric Locomotive is a twelve shaft fixing reconnection heavy freight electric locomotive which based on two six-axle locomotives connected.

Named locomotives 
 SS3B-5001: "Pioneer in power of God" (Chinese: 先锋力神)

Gallery

Main users 
SS3Bs have been used by several users:
 China Railway Corporation
 Chengdu Railway Bureau
 Nanning Railway Bureau
 Guangzhou Railway Group Co., Ltd.
 Kunming Railway Bureau
 Xi'an Railway Bureau
 Xiaoyi-Liulin Railway
 Dongsheng-Wuhai Railway

Manufacturers 
SS3Bs have been manufactured by several companies:
 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works (0001～0119)
 Datong Electric Locomotive Works (6001～6129)
 Ziyang Locomotive Works (5001～5104)
 Dalian locomotive works (7001)

See also 
 China Railways SS1
 China Railways SS3
 China Railways SS4

References 

Co-Co+Co-Co locomotives
SS3B
25 kV AC locomotives
CRRC Datong locomotives
Zhuzhou locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2002
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Pressure oxidation. Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore.

The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. The pressure oxidation process is used to prepare such ores for conventional gold extraction processes such as cyanidation.  It is performed in an autoclave at high pressure and temperature, where high-purity oxygen mixes with a slurry of ore.

When the original sulfide minerals are oxidized at high temperature and pressure, it completely releases the trapped gold.  Pressure oxidation has a very high gold recovery rate, normally at least 10% higher than roasting. 

The oxidation of the iron sulfide minerals produces sulfuric acid, soluble compounds such as ferric sulfate, and solids such as iron sulfate or jarosite. The iron-based solids produced pose an environmental challenge, as they can release acid and heavy metals to the environment.  They can also make later precious metal recovery more difficult. Arsenic in the ore is converted to solid scorodite inside the autoclave, allowing it to be easily disposed of. This is an advantage over processes such as roasting where these toxic products are released as gases.

A disadvantage of pressure oxidation is that any silver in the feed material will often react to form silver jarosite inside the autoclave, making it difficult and expensive to recover the silver.

An example of a mine utilizing this technology is the Pueblo Viejo mine in the Dominican Republic. At Pueblo Viejo, the process is performed by injecting high-purity oxygen into autoclaves operating at 230 degrees C and 40 bar of pressure. The resulting chemical reactions oxides the sulfide minerals the gold is trapped within. The oxidation of pyrite is highly exothermic, allowing the autoclave to operate at this temperature without an external heat source.

References 

Metallurgy
Metallurgical processes
James Douglas Hamilton Dickson. James Douglas Hamilton Dickson FRSE MRI (1 May 1849 – 6 February 1931) was a Scottish mathematician and expert in electricity. He was a Senior  Fellow at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Glasgow University elected him an Eglinton Fellow. He was the elder brother of Charles Dickson, Lord Dickson.

He had in-depth knowledge in fields of electricity and electrostatics and also a great interest in low temperature physics.

Life

He was born in Glasgow on 1 May 1849, a son of Dr John Robert Dickson of Edinburgh. He attended both Glasgow and Cambridge Universities, graduating MA. From 1867 to 1869 he was assistant to William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, being the joint-builder of the technical equipment which Kelvin used to measure electrostatic energy. In 1869, he assisted Kelvin in the laying of the first Transatlantic communication cables. The French company overseeing the work were impressed by Dickson and kept him in their employ as Electrician-in-Charge, based in Brest until 1870.

He returned to Cambridge to collaborate with W H King and Theophillus Varley in creating more of Lord Kelvin's machines, including the siphon recorder.
In 1877 he became a Maths Tutor at Peterhouse, his alma mater. In 1907 the college made him a Senior Fellow. He was later made a Governor of the college. He was also a Governor of Huntingdon Grammar School.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1876. His proposers were Sir James Dewar (his brother-in-law), Peter Guthrie Tait, Alexander Crum Brown, and William Turner.

During the First World War, at which point he was officially retired, he was asked to fill in for absent masters teaching Maths at both Fettes College and Edinburgh Academy.

He died on 6 February 1931, aged 81.

Publications
Over and above multiple papers on mathematics and physics, Dickson enjoyed biographical work. Three entries in the Dictionary of National Biography are under his authorship:
Peter Guthrie Tait
Edward John Routh

Family

He married Isobel Catherine Banks, sister of his sister-in-law Hestor Bagot Banks (i.e. the two brothers married two sisters). A third sister, Helen Rose Banks, married Sir James Dewar, connecting all three figures.

References

1849 births
1931 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
19th-century Scottish mathematicians
20th-century Scottish mathematicians
Academics of the University of Cambridge
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
People associated with electricity
Thermodynamicists