omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
New York City Department of Design and Construction. New York City Department of Design and Construction is the department of the government of New York City that builds many of the civic facilities in New York City. As the city’s primary capital construction project manager, it provides new or renovated facilities such as firehouses, libraries, police precincts, courthouses and manage the city's sewer systems, bioswales and water mains. To manage this portfolio, valued at over $15 billion, the department works with other city agencies, as well as with architects and consultants.

The Department of Design and Construction staff of almost 1,400 delivers public buildings and infrastructure construction projects in all five boroughs.

History 
Formed in 1996 by New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, the Department of Design and Construction's function was to unify the Department of Transportation's street construction program, the Department of Environmental Protection's water main and sewer construction program and the Department of General Service's vast building program, including construction of Police, Fire and Sanitation buildings, correctional facilities, libraries, cultural institutions and other municipal structures.

Since being founded, the department has completed over 4,100 infrastructure and public building projects.  Notable work includes the reconstructions of Columbus Circle and Times Square Plaza, restoration of the Bronx-Manhattan High Bridge, construction of the visitor center at MoMA PS1, construction of the Queens Botanical Garden - New York City's first civic Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design facility, renovations at the Queens Museum, and restorations at New York City Hall.

References

External links
 New York City Department of Design and Construction

Design and Construction
De Verwachting, Hollum. De Verwachting () is a smock mill in Hollum, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1991 and is in working order.

History

A mill previously stood on this site. It was built in 1840 by millwright Van der Meer of Harlingen for Hendrik Willems de Boer. A few years before the Second World War, a diesel engine was installed, but the mill was worked by wind during the war as no diesel fuel was available to run the engine. The mill was demolished in 1949. In 1991, a windmill was moved from Brucht, Overijssel. It was built on the site of the original mill by millwrights Fabrikaat Hiemstra of Tzummarum at a cost of ƒ679,920. The mill was officially opened on 16 November 1994.

Description

De Verwachting is what the Dutch describe as a "stellingmolen" . It is a two-storey smock mill on a three-storey base. The stage is at second-floor level,  above ground level. The smock and cap are thatched. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The sails are Common sails. The sails on the inner stock have a span of  while the sails on the outer stock have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft, which was cast by Fabrikaat Buurma, Oudeschans, Groningen in 1991. The windshaft also carries the clasp arm brake wheel, which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (27 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the great spur wheel, which has 77 cogs, it drives the  diameter Cullen millstones via a lantern pinion stone nut which has 26 staves.

Public access

De Verwachting is regularly open to the public, although it is not open on Sundays, Mondays or public holidays.

References

External links
Website of De Verwachting

Windmills in Friesland
Windmills completed in 1991
Smock mills in the Netherlands
Grinding mills in the Netherlands
Octagonal buildings in the Netherlands
1991 establishments in the Netherlands
20th-century architecture in the Netherlands
Macchi M.15. The Macchi M.15 was an Italian reconnaissance aircraft, bomber and trainer, designed by Alessandro Tonini and Piero Bergonzi and built by Macchi.

Design and development

The M.15, which first flew in 1922, was a two-seat biplane with wings of unequal span, its upper wing being of wider span than its lower wing. Its interplane struts were inclined in a "V" configuration. Its 238-kilowatt (320-horsepower) Fiat A.12 engine drove a two-bladed propeller in a tractor configuration and gave it a top speed of 185 kilometers per hour (115 miles per hour). It had fixed landing gear. The Macchi M.15bis was a three-seat passenger transport with similar attributes to the M.15 that appeared from 1922. No more than 20 examples of both were built.

Operators

Regia Aeronautica

Specifications (M.15)

See also

Notes

References

Aerei Italiani Macchi M.15

1920s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
1920s Italian military trainer aircraft
M.15
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
List of motion picture production equipment. The film industry uses many tools and types of equipment during and after production:

A
- A roll
- Ambient light
- Apple box
- Artificial light

B
- B roll
- Baby plates
- Backlot
- Background lighting
- Balloon light
- Bar clamp adapter pin
- Barn doors (lighting)
- Basso block
- Blimp

C
- C-Stand
- Callier effect
- Cameo lighting
- Camera boom
- Camera crane
- Camera dolly
- Clap or 'Film Clap'

D
- Diffuser (lighting)
- Digital audio tape recorder
- Digital film
- Digital negative
- Digital projection
- Dimmer (lighting)
- Dolly grip

G
- Gobo (lighting)
- Gimbal
- Gyro-stabilized camera systems

H

I

J
Jib (camera)

K

M

Matt Box

N

Film production
Production Equipment
Joseph Hendrie. Joseph Mallam Hendrie (March 18, 1925 – December 26, 2023) was an American physicist who was chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). On August 9, 1977 he was named to a four-year term on the Commission and designated as its chairman by President Jimmy Carter. From 1975 to 1977, Hendrie had served as chairman of the Department of Applied Science at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Hendrie was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1976 for contributions to both physics and engineering of research reactors and to the safety of large power reactors.

Education and early career
Hendrie received a B.S. degree in Physics from Case Institute of Technology in 1950. He received a Ph.D. degree in physics from Columbia University in 1957.

Hendrie worked at Brookhaven from 1955 to 1977.

Three Mile Island accident
On March 28, 1979, the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, along the Susquehanna River located south of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, suffered a partial meltdown. Although the meltdown was contained and radiation leakages were minimal, there were still worries that an evacuation would be necessary. Immediately following the accident, Hendrie advised Pennsylvania Governor Dick Thornburgh to order the evacuation "of pregnant women and pre-school age children ... within a five-mile radius of the Three Mile Island facility." Within days, 140,000 people had left the area.

Fukushima reactors and accident
In the period when the GE Mark 1 commercial nuclear reactor designs were being installed and started up by Tokyo Electric Power Company at Fukushima, Japan, Hendrie addressed the design. "In 1972, Atomic Energy Commission safety official Stephen Hanauer recommended that the Mark I design be discontinued, arguing that the small containment design left it vulnerable to explosions from hydrogen buildup. At the time, soon-to-be-chairman of the [NRC ...] Hendrie said acceptance of the Mark I technology was so widespread that 'reversal of this hallowed policy, particularly at this time, could well be the end of nuclear power'." In the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, Fukushima reactors saw several hydrogen explosions, amongst other breakdowns.

Later life and death
Hendrie served as president of the American Nuclear Society from 1984 to 1985. He died in Bellport, New York on December 26, 2023 at the age of 98.

References

Publication
Hendrie, Joseph M., The future course of nuclear-power regulation, 1982. Pdf from Department of Energy.

External links
Dr. Joseph M. Hendrie, Chairman Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Official site)

1925 births
2023 deaths
Nuclear Regulatory Commission officials
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Case Western Reserve University alumni
People from Janesville, Wisconsin
Cu-Pt type ordering in III-V semiconductor. One of the most studied atomic ordering is CuPt type ordering in III-V semiconductor alloy in chemistry and physics. It occurs in III-V alloy when the cation planes take an alternate sequence of A-rich and B-rich plane following AxB1−xC. The resulting structure is usually called as superlattice-like structure along [1-11] or [-111] – called (111) B plane, or along [-1-1-1] or [11-1] – called (111) A plane. The two ordering direction is thus called CuPt type A and B ordering.

The same type ordering is also observed in II-VI alloy such as CdZnTe alloy. The ordering sequence viewed on atomic planes along [-111] and [1-11] reveals Cd and Zn alternating planes.

This ordering reduces the lattice symmetry ordering to L11 and leads to change of its optical and electrical properties. The apparent effects are: band gap reduction, valence band splitting, and optical anisotropy. For instance, in CuPt type B ordering, the L point of the Brillouin zone fold back to the Γ-point, and the folded band “repels” the original conduction band minimum and bring down the bottom of conduction band.

AlInP epilayers grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates exhibit CuPt-B-type spontaneous atomic ordering. Additionally, CuPt-type structures were observed in CdZnTe during metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy.

References 

Crystal structure types
Aboiteau. Aboiteau farming on reclaimed marshland is a labour-intensive method in which earthen dikes are constructed to stop high tides from inundating marshland.  

A wooden sluice or aboiteau (plural aboiteaux) is built into the dike, with a hinged door (clapper valve) that swings open at low tide to allow fresh water to drain from the farmland, but swings shut at high tide to prevent salt water from inundating the fields. After several years, the rainwater drained from the marsh eliminates the soil's salinity, making it suitable for farming.

Aboiteau farming is intimately linked with the story of French Acadian colonization of the shores of Canada's Bay of Fundy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Acadians constructed earthen dikes to isolate areas of salt marsh from repeated inundation by the tides. Noted Acadian dikes include the diking of the tidal marshes at Grand-Pré (in contemporary Nova Scotia) in the early 1680s. Around 1755,  of salt marsh were reclaimed using this dike for pasturage and intensive agricultural production. 

In the Kamouraska region of the St. Lawrence Valley of Quebec, aboiteau diking of salt marshes was closely tied to the modernization of agriculture in the 19th and early 20th centuries. 

A rare original aboiteau is the jewel of the West Pubnico Acadian Museums' artifacts. In 1990, local residents found a couple of boards sticking out of an eroding beach on Double Island, West Pubnico.  They returned to the site in 1996 to remove the aboiteau, to preserve and display it at the museum.

In summer 2023, during record-breaking wildfires, the government of Nova Scotia ordered the closing of an aboiteau at the Windsor causeway "to maximize the water supply available in the event of wildfires". The aboiteau's opening in March 2021 had caused nearby Lake Pisiquid to drain.

References 

Agricultural terminology
Acadian history
Outer Trial Bank. The Outer Trial Bank is a circular artificial island in the Wash, East Anglia, England.  It is one of two artificial islands constructed during the 1970s for a proposed UK governmental water resources scheme.

History 

In 1972, the British government undertook a study to assess the feasibility of building a tidal barrage across half of the Wash. The idea was to capture the freshwater from the River Witham, River Welland, River Nene and Great Ouse, the four main rivers which flow into the Wash, in order to build a freshwater reservoir. The study also intended to establish potential improvements to the navigation of sea locks, provide recreational facilities and develop an area of land for a power station.

Construction of the banks 
As part of the test, the approval to build an artificial island  off the Lincolnshire coast was given in November 1974.  Building work began in February 1975.  The bank (known locally as "the doughnut" due to its biconcave shape) was constructed of a sand fill protected by limestone riprap. Measuring  in diameter, the island contained a small reservoir measuring  in the centre.

A smaller and cruder trial bank is connected by a causeway on Terrington Marsh, Norfolk (). It was constructed prior to the larger offshore version.

Conclusions 
The study, which was published in 1976 as "The Wash storage scheme", found that the trial alone proved financially unfeasible (costing £3 million), and that the freshwater was too close to the tidal estuary to ensure low salinity and minimal silt levels.  The trial was soon abandoned and the plans for the scheme permanently shelved.

Present use 
The outer bank is a nesting ground for seabirds within the national nature reserve of the Wash.  In 2008, an estimated 3,000 pairs of birds nested on the island.

See also 
Centre Port, a plan for a tidal barrage across The Wash

References 

Artificial islands of England
Landforms of Lincolnshire
Landforms of Norfolk
Islands of England
Epps 1912 Monoplane. The Epps 1912 Monoplane was designed and built in 1912 by Ben T. Epps from Athens, Georgia. It is an open cockpit, single engine, mid-winged, wire braced monoplane, with conventional landing gear supplemented with skids.

Variants 
1971 Epps Monoplane
A homebuilt replica of the 1911–1912 monoplane built and flown by Ben Epps Jr.

References

1910s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Canard aircraft
Baikal (rocket booster). The Baikal booster () was a proposed reusable flyback booster for the Angara rocket family based on the Angara Universal Rocket Module in 2001. It was designed by the Molniya Research and Industrial Corporation (NPO Molniya) for the Khrunichev Space centre, reusing the flyback and control system for the reusable Buran orbiter.

Description 

The booster would be equipped with an RD-191 rocket engine burning kerosene and liquid oxygen to provide approximately 200 tons of thrust. In addition, it would be equipped with a folding wing stored parallel to the fuselage of the vehicle during the booster stage of the flight. After separation from the Angara launcher's second stage at an altitude of about 75 kilometers and a speed of , the Baikal's wing would rotate 90 degrees and the booster glides in upside down position reducing speed. Once the booster reaches subsonic speeds, a U-turn is performed and an air-breathing RD-33 jet engine in its nose section is started to fly back to its launching site and make a powered horizontal landing on a runway. Apart from economic advantages, this procedure
greatly reduces the risk of falling space debris. Reducing this risk was important as the Angara
rockets will be launched from the deep inland Plesetsk Cosmodrome.

Development 

A full-size engineering mock-up of the Baikal was exhibited at the Paris Air Show in July 2001. Similar mockups were tested in wind tunnels of the Central Aero- and Hydrodynamics Institute TsAGI, at speeds of 0.5 – 10 Mach. However, according to unofficial statements by Khrunichev Center representatives, there would have been a long development program to the production of models for captive tests, and the mock-up demonstrated at Le Bourget differs greatly in appearance and design from the Baikal that will actually be launched.

As of June 2016, the development was essentially complete, but funding for the manufacture of the flying prototype of the recoverable booster was absent due to the low expected launch rate.

See also

References

Space launch vehicles of Russia
Cancelled space launch vehicles
Former proposed space launch system concepts
Rocket engines using kerosene propellant
PK/PD model. PK/PD modeling (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling) (alternatively abbreviated as PKPD or PK-PD modeling) is a technique that combines the two classical pharmacologic disciplines of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It integrates a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic model component into one set of mathematical expressions that allows the description of the time course of effect intensity in response to administration of a drug dose. PK/PD modeling is related to the field of pharmacometrics.

Central to PK/PD models is the concentration-effect or exposure-response relationship. A variety of PK/PD modeling approaches exist to describe exposure-response relationships. PK/PD relationships can be described by simple equations such as linear model, Emax model or sigmoid Emax model. However, if a delay is observed between the drug administration and the drug effect, a temporal dissociation needs to be taken into account and more complex models exist:
 Direct vs Indirect link PK/PD models
 Direct vs Indirect response PK/PD models
Time variant vs time invariant
 Cell lifespan models
 Complex response models
PK/PD modeling has its importance at each step of the drug development and it has shown its usefulness in many diseases. The Food and Drug Administration also provides guidances for Industry to recommend how exposure-response studies should be performed.

References

Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Bernard Derrida. Bernard Derrida (; born 1952) is a French theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work in statistical mechanics, and is the eponym of Derrida plots, an analytical technique for characterising differences between Boolean networks.

Biography
Derrida entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1971, and received his doctorate in 1976. Since 1993 he has been professor of physics at Université Pierre et Marie Curie and at ENS. He is an expert in statistical mechanics who has adapted statistical-physics ideas to various problems in biology.

He was elected, in 2004 to the Académie des sciences.

In 2010, Derrida was awarded the Boltzmann Medal by IUPAP with John Cardy.

Awarded the Ampère Prize in 2001.

He is philosopher Jacques Derrida's cousin.

References

External links
 Personal page

Living people
French physicists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Boltzmann Medal
The Aviators. The Aviators is a weekly Canadian television docuseries about aviation.  Hosted by Anthony Nalli, the program is a behind-the-scenes look at airplanes and the people who fly or work with them.

The series came from a column of aviation stories Nalli was writing, called “Close Calls.” The series premiered on the Global Television Network Saturday, September 4, 2010. It could also be seen on CHEK-TV in Canada and has been distributed to all 356 Public Broadcasting Stations in the United States for broadcast in numerous markets starting in September 2010. The series was broadcast overseas on Discovery Channel Asia starting in spring 2010. The series became available on Hulu in February 2011.  It began airing its ninth season in May 2021.

In its third season, Mötley Crüe lead singer Vince Neil was featured trying to earn his pilot's license.

References

Article in AOPA Pilot Magazine
Article in Park Rapids Enterprise
Article in General Aviation News

External links
 

2010 American television series debuts
2010 Canadian television series debuts
2010s American documentary television series
2010s Canadian documentary television series
2020s American documentary television series
2020s Canadian documentary television series
Documentary television series about aviation
American English-language television shows
Twin (windowing system). Twin (acronym for "Textmode WINdow") is a windowing environment with mouse support, window manager, terminal emulator and networked clients, all inside a text mode display. Twin is tested on Linux (x86, PowerPC/Power ISA, DEC Alpha, SPARC), FreeBSD, and macOS.

History
Written by Massimiliano Ghilardi, Twin started in 1993 as his first big program for PC DOS immediately after having learned the C programming language; but he soon abandoned it, since within DOS there was no multitasking, consequently he could not have any other program run inside the windows drawn by Twin. In late 1999, he resurrected twin by porting it to Linux.

Usage
The terminal emulator Eterm has an interface layer named Escreen for interoperating with the terminal multiplexers GNU Screen or Twin. This allows Eterm to support multiple sub-shell sessions within a single window. This feature works similarly to the "tabbed" sessions offered by terminal emulators such as Konsole or GNOME Terminal. However, being an interface to existing software, Escreen has the advantage of providing additional capabilities like multiple regions per display, detach/reattach capability, seamless remote session support, firewall support, and more.

Twin supports a variety of displays:
 plain text computer terminals (any termcap/ncurses compatible terminal, the virtual console, Twin's own terminal emulator);
X11, where it can be used as a multi-window Xterm;
 itself (it is possible to display a Twin on, or "inside", another Twin);
twdisplay, a general network-transparent display client, used to attach/detach more displays "on the fly".

See also

Computer accessibility
Text user interface (TUI)
General Graphics Interface (GGI)
DESQview, accomplished a similar goal on old IBM PCs running MSDOS

References

External links

Free windowing systems
Terminal multiplexers
Text user interface