omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ali Kheyroddin. Dr. Ali Kheyroddin (born 1964) is an Iranian researcher and Distinguished Professor of Civil and Structural Engineering at Semnan University.  He obtained his Bachelor's as well as his Master's degree from Iran University of Science and Technology and his PhD degree from McGill University in 1996. He is also the member of Center of Excellence for Engineering and Management of Civil Infrastructures, University of Tehran, Iran. He was an invited visiting scholar in the University of Texas at Arlington in 2015. Dr. Kheyroddin was the chancellor of Semnan University for 8 years from 2006 to 2014. He is known for his works on reinforced concrete structures, nonlinear finite element analysis, tall buildings (analysis and design), composite structures, fiber-reinforced concrete, seismic retrofit, progressive collapse, and neural networks.

Books
 Lateral resisting systems in tall buildings
 Resilient construction material – science and applications
 Guide to Non-linear and performance analysis in Perform 3D V. 4
 Analysis and design of shear walls
 Loading in structures
 Strengthening of slab-column connections in flat slabs with FRP
 Nonlinear analysis of RC structures with finite element method
 Axial, shear and moment diagrams
 Computer Applications in Structural Engineering

References 

Living people
Iranian civil engineers
Academic staff of Semnan University
McGill University alumni
Iran University of Science and Technology alumni
1962 births
Pamela M. Norris. Pamela Marie Norris is an American mechanical engineer and materials scientist known for her research on aerogels, and heat transfer on scales ranging from the nanoscale to macroscopic objects such as jet blast deflectors. She is Frederick Tracy Morse Professor Emeritus at the University of Virginia, vice provost for research at George Washington University, and editor-in-chief of the journal Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering.

Education and career
Norris graduated from Old Dominion University in 1987, with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and mechanics. She went to the Georgia Institute of Technology for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1989 and completing her Ph.D. in 1992.

After postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, working there with Chang-Lin Tien, she joined the University of Virginia faculty in 1994. There, she founded the Nanoscale Energy Transfer Lab and Aerogel Research Lab, and became executive dean of the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science.

In 2021, she became editor-in-chief of the journal Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, and retired from the University of Virginia to become vice provost for research at George Washington University.

Recognition
Norris was named a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 2005, and an honorary member of the society in 2021, "for international leadership in nano, micro and macroscale thermal science and engineering research; for tireless efforts to advance diversity in STEM fields; and for demonstrating engineering excellence as an outstanding mentor for students and faculty".

The Society of Women Engineers named her as a Distinguished Engineering Educator in 2016.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American materials scientists
American women engineers
Old Dominion University alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
University of Virginia faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Neodymium(III) sulfide. Neodymium(III) sulfide is a inorganic chemical compound with the formula Nd2S3 composed of a two neodymium atoms in the +3 oxidation state and three sulfur atoms in the -2 oxidation state. Like other rare earth sulfides, neodymium(III) sulfide is used as a high-performance inorganic pigment.

Preparation

Neodymium(III) sulfide can directly be produced by reacting neodymium with sulfur:
 2Nd + 3S → Nd2S3

It can also be produced by sulfidizing neodymium oxide with H2S at 1450 °C:
 Nd2O3 + 3 H2S → Nd2S3 + 3 H2O

Properties

Neodymium(III) sulfide is (as γ-form) a light green solid. The compound comes in three forms. The α-form has an orthorhombic crystal structure, the β form has a tetragonal crystal structure, and the γ form has a cubic crystal structure. At 1650 °C in a vacuum, the γ compound decomposes to form neodymium monosulfide.

Neodymium(III) sulfide has a high melting point and a lot of polymorphic forms which make it difficult to grow. When heated, neodymium sulfide can lose sulfur atoms and can form a range of compositions between Nd2S3 and Nd3S4. Neodymium(III) sulfide is an electrical insulator.

See also
 Neodymium
 Sulfur
 Lanthanide

References

Neodymium(III) compounds
Sesquisulfides
Neodymium(II) iodide. Neodymium(II) iodide or neodymium diiodide is an inorganic salt of iodine and neodymium the formula NdI2. Neodymium uses the +2 oxidation state in the compound.

Neodymium(II) iodide is a violet solid. The compound is not stoichiometric. It melts at 562°C.

Preparation
Neodymium(II) iodide can be made by heating molten neodymium(III) iodide with neodymium metal at 800 and 580°C for 12 hours. It can also be obtained by reducing neodymium(III) iodide with neodymium in a vacuum at 800 to 900°C:

Nd + 2NdI3 → 3NdI2

The reaction of neodymium with mercury(II) iodide is also possible because neodymium is more reactive than mercury:

Nd + HgI2 → NdI2 + Hg

Direct preparation from iodine and neodymium is also possible:

Nd + I2 → NdI2

The compound was first synthesized by John D. Corbett in 1961.

Properties
Neodymium(II) iodide is a violet solid. The compound is extremely hygroscopic, and can only be stored and handled under carefully dried inert gas or under a high vacuum. In air it converts into hydrates by absorbing moisture, but these are unstable and more or less rapidly transform into oxide iodides with the evolution of hydrogen:

2NdI2 + 2H2O → 2NdOI + H2↑ + 2HI

Neodymium(II) iodide is not stoichiometric, and has a formula of closer to NdI1.95. It melts at 562°C. It has a strontium(II) bromide-type crystal structure. Under pressure, this transforms into the molybdenum disilicide structure typically seen in intermetallic compound, which is already present under normal conditions in other rare earth diiodides (e.g. praseodymium(II) iodide and lanthanum(II) iodide). It forms complexes with tetrahydrofuran and other organic compounds.

Neodymium(II) iodide is an electrical insulator.

Reactions
Neodymium(II) iodide reacts with organohalides by extracting the halogen, resulting in dimers, oligomers or reactions with the solvent.

Solvates are known with tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane: NdI2(THF)2 and NdI2(DME)2.

Neodymium(II) iodide reduces hot nitrogen to form an iodide nitride: (NdI2)3N which with THF also gives (NdI)3N2.

It reacts with cyclopentadiene in THF to give CpNdI2(THF)3.

Applications
Neodymium(II) iodide can be used as a reducing agent or catalyst in organic chemistry.

See also
 Neodymium(III) iodide
 Lanthanide

References 

Neodymium(II) compounds
Iodides
Lanthanide halides
UCIe. Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe) is an open specification for a die-to-die interconnect and serial bus between chiplets. It is co-developed by AMD, Arm, ASE Group, Google Cloud, Intel, Meta, Microsoft, Qualcomm, Samsung, and TSMC.

In August 2022, Alibaba Group and Nvidia joined as board members.

Overview
A common chiplet interconnect specification enables construction of large System-on-Chip (SoC) packages that exceed maximum reticle size. It allows intermixing components from different silicon vendors within the same package and improves manufacturing yields by using smaller dies. Each chiplet can use a different silicon manufacturing process, suitable for a specific device type, or computing performance and power draw requirements.

Specifications

1.0 
The UCIe 1.0 specification was released on March 2, 2022. It defines physical layer, protocol stack and software model, as well as procedures for compliance testing. The physical layer supports up to 32 GT/s with 16 to 64 lanes and uses a 256 byte Flow Control Unit (FLIT) for data, similar to PCIe 6.0; the protocol layer is based on Compute Express Link with CXL.io (PCIe), CXL.mem and CXL.cache protocols.

Various on-die interconnect technologies are defined, like organic substrate for a 'standard' 2D package, or embedded silicon bridge (EMIB), silicon interposer, and fanout embedded bridge for 'advanced' 2.5D/3D packages. Physical specifications are based on Intel's Advanced Interface Bus (AIB).

Shorter signal paths allow the links to have 20× better I/O performance and power consumption (~0.5 pJ per bit) comparing to typical PCIe SerDes, with bandwidth density up to 1.35 TB/s per mm2 for a common bump pitch of 45 μm, and 3.24× higher density with a bump pitch of 25 μm.

Future versions may include additional protocols, wider data links, and higher density connections.

1.1 
The UCIe 1.1 specification was released on August 8, 2023.

Highlights:
 Architectural Specification Enhancements enable compliance testing
 Supports simultaneous multiprotocol with full link layer functionality for streaming protocols 
 Includes runtime health monitoring and repair for automotive and high-reliability applications
 New bump maps result in lower cost packaging

2.0 
The UCIe 2.0 specification was released on August 6, 2024.

Highlights:
 Holistic support for manageability, debug, and testing for any System-in-Package (SiP) construction with multiple chiplets.
 Support for 3D packaging to significantly enhance bandwidth density and power efficiency.
 Improved system-level solutions with manageability defined as part of the chiplet stack.
 Optimized package designs for interoperability and compliance testing.
 Fully backward compatible with UCIe 1.x

References

External links
 

Computer-related introductions in 2022
Open standards
Serial buses
Neodymium(III) nitride. Neodymium(III) nitride is a chemical compound of neodymium and nitrogen with the formula NdN in which neodymium exhibits the +3 oxidation state and nitrogen exhibits the -3 oxidation state. It is ferromagnetic, like gadolinium(III) nitride, terbium(III) nitride and dysprosium(III) nitride. Neodymium(III) nitride is not usually stoichiometric, and it is very hard to create pure stoichiometric neodymium nitride.

Preparation

Neodymium(III) nitride can be prepared via an exothermic metathesis reaction between lithium nitride and anhydrous neodymium(III) chloride. Lithium chloride formed in the reaction can be removed by THF, a chemical in which lithium chloride dissolves.
 NdCl3 + Li3N → NdN + 3 LiCl

It can also be prepared directly when neodymium reacts directly with nitrogen:
 2 Nd + N2 → 2 NdN

It can be prepared when decomposing neodymium amide:
 Nd(NH2)3 → NdN + N2 + 3H2

It can also be produced when neodymium is ignited in air (which contains nitrogen), but this also produces other compounds, such as neodymium oxide.

See also
 Neodymium
 Nitrogen
 Lanthanide

References 

Nitrides
Neodymium(III) compounds
Rock salt crystal structure
Judy Butland. Judy Butland (née Whiteley) (6 October 1940 - 2019) was a British engineering software designer who pioneered the use of computers at universities. She was recognised in 2019 as an Engineer of the Week by the Women's Engineering Society.

Early life and education 
Judy Whiteley was born on 6 October 1940 in Leeds, the daughter of Gordon Whiteley, a draughtsman, and Margaret Whiteley, a seamstress. She suffered from arthritis all her life and from the age of 12 to 14, was confined to bed at Wharfedale children's hospital in Menston, with little communication with her family and no information from her doctors. She never talked about her illness.

She studied for a degree in mathematics at the Manchester College of Science and Technology, but although she completed three years of study she found the lectures boring and did not complete her degree.

Career 
Butland's first position was at the Associated Electrical Industries, Manchester, Information and Exchange section, where she worked as a technical abstractor, producing summaries of technical articles and papers from engineering and science publications.

In 1967 she went to work at the Manchester Business School as Mathematical Assistant to Winifred Hackett, an aeronatutical engineer. She worked, amongst other things, on scheduling workflows for aeroplane production. The project entailed statistical analysis, which required complex calculations, so Hackett sent Butland to lectures on the principles of computing, which led to Butland's career in software engineering. She advised other groups in the Business School on computing, including working with the librarian to automate the classification of publications.

Butland left this post to work at the University of Bradford, Postgraduate School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, improving the quality of programming in  research projects. She was awarded an M.Phil. for her thesis describing tools she developed to produce technical charts from research data.

Butland set up her own company,  Bradford University Software Services (BUSS), to sell a software package, SimplePlot, which she developed. The proceeds from sales of the software were used to help support the department's work.

Publications 
Butland published a number of academic papers, including one on drawing a smooth curve through a  set of data points, which became known as Butland's algorithm.

Personal life 
In 1964 Judy Butland was married to David Butland who she met at the University of Manchester. They had one son, Philip.

Butland's funeral was held  on Wednesday 2 January 2019, at the Salvation Army, Bridlington, Yorkshire.

Recognition 
Butland was appointed posthumously, in October 2019, as Engineer of the Week No 89 by the Women's Engineering Society.

References 

British women engineers
Women's Engineering Society
British computer programmers
British computer scientists
1940 births
2019 deaths
IPD Urubu. The IPD Urubu (Brazilian-Portuguese name for the Vulture) also known as the IPD/PAR PE 80367, was a two-seat sailplane of high-wing.

Design and development 
In July 1978, the Ministry of Aeronautics asked IPD to develop a biplace glider to replace the LET L-13 Blaník, which was reaching the end of its service life. The work was executed by PAR (Divisão de Aeronaves) of the IPD. Development was completed in a few months and the prototype ordered from Aerotec, having been completed in 1979.

Construction 
Monocoque construction, entirely made of metal, the new glider was baptized "Urubu", and underwent a series of tests that proved its efficiency in flight, being approved by the Civil Aviation Department. Biplace, in tandem-seat, had a bubble canopy, and a fixed auxiliary wheel, built into the fuselage.

Specifications

See also
 List of Brazilian gliders

Notes

References

1970s Brazilian civil aircraft
1970s Brazilian sailplanes
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Aircraft first flown in 1979
Urubu
High-wing aircraft
Large Integrated Flexible Environment. The Large Integrated Flexible Environment (LIFE) is an inflatable space habitat design currently being developed by Sierra Space. The proposed Orbital Reef commercial space station would include multiple LIFE habitats.

Development 
In September 2022 Sierra Space completed a successful sub-scale Ultimate Burst Pressure test of a LIFE prototype. A second successful test was completed later that year, exceeding NASA certification requirements. On 22 January 2024 the company announced a successful full scale burst test, exceeding safety margins by 27%.

Pathfinder 
As soon as the end of 2026, before using LIFE as part of Orbital Reef, Sierra Space is proposing to launch a “pathfinder” version of LIFE as a standalone space station.

See also 
 List of space stations

References 

Space stations
Hadal 1 ARV. Hadal 1 ARV (Hai-Dou 1 or 海斗 1 in Chinese, meaning Hadal 1) is a type of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) built in the People's Republic of China (PRC). ARV stands for Autonomous Remotely-controlled Vehicle, an idea pioneered in China by Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and SIA is also the developer of Hadal 1 ARV, and its predecessor Hadal ARV, as well as Arctic ARV, the predecessor of Hadal ARV. Hadal 1 and its predecessor Hadal, and earlier Arctic series ARVs are the Chinese counterparts of Nereus hybrid unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), because just like Nereus hybrid UUV, these ARVs can operate both as a AUV or a ROUV. The general designer of Hadal 1 ARV is Mr. Tang Yuan-Gui (唐元贵).

A UUV able to switch between fully autonomous and remotely controlled modes is advantageous. When the UUV operates in greater depth, the tether cable would become heavy and limit the mobility of the UUV, so fully autonomous mode is preferred in such operations. However, when the UUV needs to operate inside wreckage or other complex structures, and need make adjustment in real time, the cost would have become prohibitive because mission planning software must include all possible scenarios, which may not cover everything, so when there are plenty opportunities of unexpected would happen, it would be far more cost effective to deploy a ROUV so human operators can adjust accordingly to the situation arose. Designing an UUV that can be both would be far more cost effective than having separate AUVs and ROUVs because one UUV can do the job for both. Earlier Arctic ARV series and Hadal ARVs have proven the idea is feasible, and based on the experience gained, Hadal ARV was developed. The project formally started in July 2016, and development was completed in 2019. Like its predecessor Hadal ARV and earlier Arctic ARVs, Hadal 1 ARV is also having a rectangular hull, with a thruster on each side.
Because Hadal 1 ARV has to operate as an AUV when required, it carries internal power source, i.e. batteries, so it only needs a fiber-optic tether cable for data transmission, and thus eliminates the heavy power cable. Specification:
Length: 3.8 meter
Maximum operating depth: 11000 meter
Range: > 14 km
Endurance: > 8 hours in AUV mode, > 10 hours in ARV mode

References

Auxiliary ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Autonomous underwater vehicles
Remotely operated underwater vehicles
Maruyama Tameike Dam. Maruyama Tameike is an earthfill dam located in Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 4.1 km2. The dam impounds about 26  ha of land when full and can store 1450 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1988.

References

Dams in Yamanashi Prefecture
1988 establishments in Japan
Ushirozawa Tameike Dam. Ushirozawa Tameike is an earthfill dam located in Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 0.5 km2. The dam impounds about 4  ha of land when full and can store 213 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1939.

References

Dams in Yamanashi Prefecture
1939 establishments in Japan
Moore Threads. Moore Threads Technology Co. Ltd () is a Chinese technology company specializing in graphics processing unit (GPU) design, established in October 2020 by Zhang Jianzhong (), the former global vice-president of Nvidia and general manager of Nvidia China. The company claims to be the first Chinese company to introduce a domestic, "fully-featured" GPU solution.

History
In October 2020, the company was founded by former global VP and China GM of Nvidia, Zhang Jianzhong, and subsequently received funding through the first year in three funding rounds from investors such as Shenzhen Capital Group, GGV Capital, Sequoia Capital China, ByteDance, and Tencent.

U.S. sanctions 

In October 2023, the United States Department of Commerce added Moore Threads to the Bureau of Industry and Security's Entity List

Products
On 31 March 2022, it announced its first products, the MTT S60 for desktop PCs and workstations, and the MTT S2000 for servers, based on the first generation MUSA (Moore Threads Unified System Architecture, also known as "").

See also 
 AMD
 Biren Technology
 Semiconductor industry in China

References 

Computer companies established in 2020
Graphics hardware companies
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
M. Saeed Mirza. M. Saeed Mirza is a Pakistani-Canadian researcher and Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at McGill University. He is a recipient of the Order of Canada.
Mirza is known for his works on structural engineering and rehabilitation of infrastructure. A festschrift in his honor was published in June 2006.

References 

Living people
Canadian civil engineers
Academic staff of McGill University
Pakistani civil engineers
Members of the Order of Canada
McGill University alumni
University of Karachi alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Pakistani engineers
21st-century Pakistani engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid (TNBA) is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2CO2H.  It is a high explosive nitrated derivative of benzoic acid.

Preparation and reactions
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid is prepared by oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). It is formed by oxidation of TNT and nitric acid with chlorate and with dichromate.

Upon heating, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid undergoes decarboxylation to give 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.  Reduction with tin gives 2,4,6-triaminobenzenoic acid, a precursor to phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene).

References 

Explosive chemicals
Benzoic acids
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Discovery ROUV. Discovery (Fa-xian, 发现 in Chinese) remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) is a type of very little known unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) originally built in Great Britain by British firm Specialist Machine Development (SMD) Limited for the People's Republic of China (PRC). and the British firm was later purchased by CSR Corporation Limited in April 2015.

Equipment
In order to complete its assigned missions, Discovery ROUV is equipped with seven underwater cameras, two high definition cameras, underwater positioning system, one Titan 4 and one Atlas manipulators, each is capable of handling objects weighing up to 120 kg, and when used together, objects weighing up to 300 kg can be handled. In addition, there are more than thirty different kinds of scientific instruments and equipment indigenously developed in China for the ROUV after it entered service.

Specification
Length: 3 meter
Width: 1.7 meter
Height: 2 meter
Payload: 300 kg
Maximum operating depth: 6000 meter

Upgrade
Merely less than half a decade after entering service, Discovery ROV went through an upgrade that lasted more than half a year in China, from end of October 2018 thru April 2019. It's reported that during this maintenance/upgrade, by incorporating more advanced technologies, the maximum operating depth is increased by a third, to the original 4,500 meters to 6,000 meter after Discovery ROV returned to service. The mothership of Discovery ROUV has been Chinese research ship Science (Ke-Xue, 科学) since the ROUV first entered service in 2014.

References

Auxiliary ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Remotely operated underwater vehicles