omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Société d'étude et de réalisation d'engins balistiques. Société d'étude et de réalisation d'engins balistiques  (lit. Company for the Study and Production of Ballistic Devices) or SÉREB was a French aerospace company.

History
The company name has also been spelled slightly differently as Société d'études et de réalisation d'engins balistiques. 

SEREB was created initially to develop two-stage ballistic missiles for nuclear weapons (Force de dissuasion nucléaire française). CNES was formed in 1961, which took over much development of civilian research. 

Examples of the work of SEREB can be found at the Musée de l’air et de l’espace (Air and Space Museum) at Paris–Le Bourget Airport.

Merger
The company merged with Nord Aviation in 1970 to form the much more well-known Aerospatiale (Aerospace), which began as Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (SNIAS). This merged company became defunct in July 2000, joining EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company).

Structure
It was headquartered at the Centre d’achèvement et d’essais des propulseurs et engins (CAEPE) at Saint-Médard-en-Jalles, Gironde in the large Nouvelle-Aquitaine department in western France, north of the Arrondissement of Bordeaux. The site was known as the Centre d’achèvement des propulseurs et engins between 1962 and 1964, run by the Direction générale de l'armement (DGA).

Today, the area is a main site for rocket engine development. Groupe SNPE was formed there in 1971. Snecma Propulsion Solide was there from 2005 to 2012 at Le Haillan. SEREB is now Airbus Safran Launchers (previously Astrium Space Transportation).

Products
 Saphir (rocket), two stage rocket

See also
 French space program

References

External links
 History of Ariane

Aérospatiale
Companies based in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
French companies established in 1959
Gironde
Manufacturing companies established in 1959
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1970
Rocket engine manufacturers of France
Space program of France
Heinkel P.1080. The Heinkel P.1080 was a German Emergency Fighter proposed by Heinkel.

Design and Development 
Work on the P.1080 began in early 1945 when the Ministry of Aviation issued specifications for a fighter powered by two ramjets.  The specifications called for two DFS ramjet engines, each with  of thrust.  The aircraft would have been tailless, with the elevators built in to the swept wing, which was based on that of the Heinkel P.1078, and would have had a single vertical stabilizer. The cockpit was located far forward in the fuselage, and the two engines were mounted at the wing roots.  The nose would have housed a radar and two 30 mm MK 108 cannon.  For takeoff, the aircraft would have been fitted with solid-fuel RATO boosters and jettisonable undercarriage.  Landing would have been accomplished with a retractable skid.  No prototypes were built.

Specifications (Heinkel P.1080, as designed)

See also

References 

P1080
Robin Jeffrey (businessman). Robin Campbell Jeffrey (19 February 1939 – 4 November 2018) was a Scottish engineer and businessman, who became executive chairman of British Energy.

Early life
He was the son of Robert Jeffrey and Catherine Campbell McSporran. He attended Lenzie Academy and Kelvinside Academy, and studied for a BSc in Mechanical Engineering at the Royal College of Science and Technology (University of Strathclyde), where he was later a visiting professor, and a PhD at Pembroke College, Cambridge.

Career

Babcock & Wilcox
1966–1979 Babcock and Wilcox Research Station, Renfrew.

South of Scotland Electricity Board
From 1980–88 he was the project manager for the design and construction of Torness Nuclear Power Station, which was delivered on time and to budget.

Scottish Nuclear
He was chief executive of Scottish Nuclear from 1992–1995.

British Energy
British Energy was formed in 1996 and he was deputy chairman from 1996–2001. He was chairman and chief executive of British Energy from June 2001 to November 2002.

London Regional Transport
Jeffrey was a non-executive board member of London Regional Transport.

Personal life
He married in 1962 and has two sons and a daughter. He died on 4 November 2018 at the age of 79.

References

1939 births
2018 deaths
Academics of the University of Strathclyde
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
British chief executives in the energy industry
Businesspeople from Glasgow
Businesspeople in nuclear power
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
Nuclear power in Scotland
People educated at Kelvinside Academy
People educated at Lenzie Academy
Scottish chief executives
Scottish chairpersons of corporations
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
21st-century Scottish businesspeople
Militär-Apparat MA-7. The Militär-Apparat MA-7, also known as the Häfeli MA-7 and K & W MA-7, was a prototype fighter designed by August Häfeli in Switzerland. It flew in two different engine configurations, neither of which were deemed satisfactory and so the type did not enter series production. However, it did achieve a Swiss record for flying at an altitude of  above sea level in 1926.

Design and development
Designed by August Häfeli in response to a Swiss Air Force requirement for an indigenous fighter design, the MA-7 was a biplane of fabric-covered wood construction with N-shaped wing struts like its predecessor the Fokker D.VI of 1918. Ailerons were installed only on the upper wing, which also contained an auxiliary gravity fuel tank. Power was provided by a  Hispano-Suiza 8Fb HS42 V-8 liquid-cooled engine manufactured in Switzerland under license. The aircraft was built by K & W in 1925 and handed over for trials in February 1926.

The prototype was returned to the manufacturer in April 1926 due to unsatisfactory flight characteristics and performance. K & W responded with the installation of an indigenous  LFW-12 X-1 engine. This, however, proved too large and heavy for the frame and entire MA-7 project was subsequently discontinued. The Swiss Air Force procured the French Dewoitine D.1 as their replacement fighter instead.

Records
On 23 April 1926, test pilot Max Cartier set a Swiss record of  above sea level with the MA-7.

Operators

 Swiss Air Force

Specifications

See also

References

1920s Swiss fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Nieuport-Delage NiD 940. The Nieuport-Delage NiD 940 was a French, tailless, pusher configuration touring aircraft first flown in 1934. It suffered from longitudinal instabilities and despite modifications and a more powerful engine, it did not receive its Certificate of Airworthiness.

Design and development

The NiD 940 was a low cantilever wing aircraft. Its wing had a thick section and a chrome-steel tube structure and in plan was swept with straight-taper. Elevons, hinged at right angles to the line of flight, controlled both pitch and roll. Triangular wing tip fins, externally braced from tip to wing, provided yaw stability and carried generous, five-sided, angular rudders which could operate together for directional control but also be opened at right angles as air brakes. The wings could be folded for transport.

The fuselage of the NiD 940 was also a steel tube structure, flat-sided and short, not reaching the wing trailing edge. It was covered with tulipwood plywood overlain with fabric.  A well glazed cabin provided two side-by-side seats, with room for a third seat and baggage space behind them. The steel structure also mounted an  Lorraine 5Pc five-cylinder radial engine in uncowled pusher configuration. 

The NiD 940 had tricycle landing gear, with its mainwheels on V-struts hinged from the lower fuselage and with vertical shock absorber legs to the wings. Wingtips were protected by skids mounted on the bottom of the fins. The nosewheel was large and well forward.

In its initial form the prototype was known as the NiD 941. Though this was on display in November 1932 at the 13th Paris Salon de l'Aviation, it did not fly until February 1934, piloted by Nieuport's test pilot Joseph Sadi-Lecointe. The early trials showed a lack of longitudinal stability. Despite modifications and a new  Salmson 9Nc nine-cylinder radial engine, after which it became the NiD 942, an airworthiness certificate was not granted.

Variants
NiD 941 original aircraft with Lorraine 5Ps engine.
NiD 942 modified aircraft with Salmson 9Nc engine.

Specifications

References

 0940
Tailless aircraft
1930s French sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Lilabati Bhattacharjee. Lilabati Bhattacharjee (née Ray) was a mineralogist, crystallographer and a physicist. She studied with the scientist Satyendra Nath Bose, and completed her MSc in physics from the University College of Science and Technology (commonly known as Rajabazar Science College), University of Calcutta in 1951.

Mrs Bhattacharjee worked in the fields of structural crystallography, optical transform methods, computer programming, phase transformations, crystal growth, topography, and  instrumentation. She served as a Senior Mineralogist at the Geological Survey of India, and later went on to become its Director (Mineral Physics). She was married to Siva Brata Bhattacherjee, and is survived by two children and two grandsons.

References 

Indian crystallographers
University of Calcutta alumni
Indian women physicists
Bengali physicists
20th-century Indian geologists
Mineralogists
20th-century Indian physicists
Women scientists from West Bengal
Indian women geologists
Polyquaternium-7. Polyquaternium-7 is an organic compound in the polyquaternium class of chemicals and used in the personal care industry. It is the copolymer of acrylamide and the quaternary ammonium salt diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

Its molecular formula is: (C8H16ClN)n(C3H5NO)m.

Functions 
Polyquaternium-7 is used for its antistatic and film forming properties.

Usage 
Polyquaternium 7 is the designation established with the original association, Cosmetics, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA), now known as the Personal Care Products Council. There are an abundance of product names containing the same or a similar active ingredient for applications outside the cosmetics and personal care industry.

Polyquaternium-7 is applied in waste treatment for laundry, emulsion breaking, sludge dewatering and drainage and retention aid. It is a cationic polyelectrolyte.

Polyquaternium-7 is used as modifier, for example in shampoo, hair conditioner, hair spray, mousse, soap, gel, styling agent, shaving product, deodorant and antiperspirant. The DADMAC monomer is highly hydrophilic. Absorption of moisture from the air lends "conditioning" properties to the products that contain the copolymer such as shampoos, hair and skin conditioners and other personal care products including some bar soaps.

Safety 
According to its safety data sheet, it is not persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic. Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 or EC-directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC.

Scientific studies 
The influence of the synthetic cationic polymer polyquaternium-7 on the rheology and microstructure of creams was investigated.

Efficacy, mechanism and test methods of conditioning polymers in some shampoo formulations was investigated.

References 

Cosmetics chemicals
Organic polymers
Quaternary ammonium compounds
INSPIRE Women Act. The INSPIRE Women Act (,) was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on January 5, 2017 by Representative Barbara Comstock of Virginia. The bill compels the director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to encourage women and girls to pursue an education in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

The act additionally compels the NASA administrator to support the following initiatives:
NASA GIRLS and NASA BOYS, which are virtual mentoring programs that pair NASA mentors with young students.
Aspire to Inspire, a program that tasks young girls to investigate STEM career opportunities by providing information about the lives and jobs of early career women at NASA.
Summer Institute in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Research. This program is designed to increase awareness of nontraditional career opportunities with the Goddard Space Flight Center among middle school students.

Lastly, the act requires the NASA administrator to present a report to the House Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on how NASA can best engage current and retired astronauts, scientists, engineers, and other personnel to work with K-12 female STEM students to inspire the next generation of women to consider studying STEM fields and pursue careers in aerospace.

The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 28, 2017.

References

Acts of the 115th United States Congress
Ananda Nahu. Ananda Nahu is a Brazilian graffiti artist born in Bahia, Brazil in 1985. In 2001, she moved from Juazeiro to Salvador, where she attended the College of Design in 2003 and the Fine Arts School at the Federal University of Bahia in 2004. Throughout this time, she developed interests in diverse artistic expressions such as photography, Fine Arts Paintings and engravings, as a result of her studies and research on lithography, serigraphy, metal graving, and posters.

Nahu was introduced to the art of graffiti when she met graffiti artist and current husband, Rodrigo Izolag. As a result, she began using stencils in order to create wall arts. In Nahu's work, which mostly showcases women, utilizes a variety of techniques, colors, visual effects, and painting styles contribute to her vision of, combining past and modern cultures and people into a harmonious compositions that expresses the pure beauty, strength, and positivity from the nature of human beings.

In 2014, Nahu, along with Jeremy Thal, created a "sound and art" installation at the BRIC House Hallway focused on New York's diaspora communities, SOUND WALLS/SOANDO PAREDES. Over the course of multiple years Nahu collaborated with fellow Brazilian artist, Izolag, and Bronx based photographer, Ricky Flores, to create art based on Flores's work which finally culminated in Faces from the Block at the BronxArtSpace in 2015.

Nahu was selected as one of the "redefining" artists of Brazil in 2015 by CNN Style. In 2016 she contributed to a large (600 plus feet long) mural in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2022, Nahu painted a large mural in one of the guest room hallways at the Rosewood hotel in São Paulo.

Nahu currently resides in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

References

1985 births
Living people
21st-century Brazilian artists
21st-century Brazilian women artists
Brazilian graffiti artists
Brazilian muralists
People from Juazeiro
Brazilian women muralists
Women graffiti artists
Artists from Salvador, Bahia
Artists from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Intake tower. An intake tower or outlet tower is a vertical tubular structure with one or more openings used for capturing water from reservoirs and conveying it further to a hydroelectric or water-treatment plant.

Unlike spillways, intake towers are intended for the reservoir's regular operation, conveying clean, debris-free water for further use.

Construction
An intake tower is typically made from reinforced concrete, with foundations laid in the river or lake bed. It has at least one water-collecting opening at the top, and may have additional openings along its height, depending on the purpose: towers for hydroelectric plants typically have only one inlet, while those in water-processing plants have multiple draw-off inlets. Near the bottom of the tower, depending on the dam construction and plant location, a horizontal or slanted outlet conduit takes the water from the tower into the plant.

The most convenient location for an intake tower is in the proximity of the processing plant. In artificial lakes, those are typically placed near the dam. Lake bed near the dam also provides sufficient water depth to ensure substantial supply to the towers throughout the year, thus the exposed towers can be regularly seen along the dams.

When built near the shore, an intake tower is equipped with a service bridge, used to gain access for maintenance.

Draw-off tower

Draw-off towers are intake towers specialized for drinking water reservoirs. They have multiple openings at various depths, typically equipped with valves, allowing drawing water only from the level where it is of highest quality.

References

See also

 Culvert
 Fish screen
 Gatehouse (waterworks)

Hydraulic engineering
Hydraulic structures
Dams
Calclacite. Calclacite is a mineral and an organic compound. Its name references the components, which are calcium ions (Ca2+), chloride (Cl−) and acetate CH3COO−.

Characteristics 

Calclacite is an organic compound with chemical formula Ca(CH3COO)Cl·5H2O. It forms crystals in the monoclinic system, with silky hairlike efflorescences up to 4 cm long.

According to the Nickel–Strunz classification, calclacite is an organic acid salt and occurs with formicaite (calcium formate), acetamide, dashkovaite (magnesium acetate), paceite (calcium copper acetate) and hoganite (copper acetate). It is white and its hardness on the Mohs scale is 1.5.

Formation 
Calclacite is formed on samples of rocks, fossils, and on fragments of ceramics, by the action of acetic acid produced from the oak of the storage cabinets.

References 

Organic minerals
Calcium minerals
Acetates
Chlorides
Mixed anion compounds
Sharon Keillor Award for Women in Engineering Education. The Sharon Keillor Award for Women in Engineering Education "recognizes and honors outstanding women engineering educators." Recipients hold an earned doctoral degree in an engineering discipline or related field, have at least five years of teaching experience in an engineering school, and have "an outstanding record in teaching engineering students."

The award has been given annually since 2001.

Recipients

See also
 List of engineering awards

References

Science awards honoring women
American Society for Engineering Education
Engineering awards
Education awards
Gail C. Murphy. Gail C. Murphy  is a Canadian computer scientist who specializes in software engineering and knowledge worker productivity. Murphy is a full professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. In 2016, she was named Associate Vice President Research pro tem and assumed the role of Vice-President, Research & Innovation on August 14, 2017. Murphy is co-founder and was Chief Scientist at Tasktop Technologies Incorporated.

Biography 
Murphy received her B.Sc. from the University of Alberta in 1987 and a M.S. and a Ph.D. in computer science at the University of Washington, in 1994 and 1996 respectively. Murphy has served on editorial boards for Communications of the ACM, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Software Engineering.

Awards 
2010: Named ACM Distinguished Member

2014: University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Alumni Achievement Award

2015: Named Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

2016: ICSE Most Influential Paper Award (10 years after publication) (co-authored with John Anvik and Lyndon Hiew)

2017: ACM Fellow

2023: ACM SIGSOFT Outstanding Research Award

References

2017 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
University of Alberta alumni
University of Washington alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian women scientists
Canadian computer scientists
Academic staff of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Science
Pat Galloway. Patricia D. Galloway (1957-September 26, 2024) was an American engineer. She received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Purdue University in 1978, an MBA from the New York Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. from Kochi University of Technology in 2005.  She was a PE (Professional Engineer).

Career 
Galloway was the CEO of Nielsen-Wurster Group. In 2013, she created a proposal for engineering education reform for the American Society of Civil Engineers that has been hailed as "groundbreaking" by the president of the Georgia Institute of Technology, G. Wayne Clough.  Galloway served on the US National Science Board from 2006 to 2012, was inducted into the National Academy of Construction, and was the first female president of ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) from 2003 to 2004.

References 

1957 births
Living people
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
New York Institute of Technology alumni
SS Elwood Mead. The SS Elwood Mead was a Liberty ship built for service during World War II.

Namesake
The ship was named for Elwood Mead, a professor, politician and engineer, known for heading the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) from 1924 until his death in 1936. During his tenure, he oversaw some of the most complex projects the Bureau of Reclamation has undertaken. These included the Hoover, Grand Coulee and Owyhee dams. Lake Mead is named in his honor.

Construction
The vessel was built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Portland, Oregon. It was laid down on 18 December 1943, and launched on 5 January 1944.

Sponsor
The sponsor of the ship was Mrs. Elwood Mead. Her flower girl was her granddaughter, Becky Kaiser, 7, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar T. Kaiser. Mrs. Frank A. Banks, Grand Coulee, Washington, was a matron of honor at the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation's launching.

Service
She was operated by the operator  Interocean Steamship Company of San Francisco. During the 1944 battle for the Philippines, "The Elwood Mead reported 83 general alarms in the 30-day period following her arrival at Leyte on November 19, but reported no other action."

Post-war
In 1947, SS Elwood Mead was sold to Goulandris Bros, Piraeus, Greece, as part of the vast sale of shipping which constituted much of the Greek-flagged fleet in the post-war years. It was renamed SS Ioannis P. Goulandris, taking the name of an 1897 freighter (operating under the name since 1910) that was lost 12 March 1942 after a collision.

Fate
Retired from service in November 1968, she was scrapped that year at Itozaki, Japan.

References

Liberty ships
1944 ships
World War II merchant ships of the United States
Liuyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone. Liuyang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone () is a Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone at province level in Liuyang City, Hunan Province, China. It is the 2nd largest industrial zone of Liuyang by economic volume, after the Liuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone. The industrial zone is the original Liuyang Manufacturing industrial Base () created in 2003, it was Changed to the present name on 14 July 2016. The industrial zone centers in Yong'an Town of Liuyang, it covers an area of . As of 2015, its gross output value of industries is CNY 30.31 billion (US$4.87 billion), the financial revenue reaches 1.01 billion yuan (US$0.16 billion).

References 

Liuyang
Economy of Changsha
2003 establishments in China