omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Air Creation Twin. The Air Creation Twin is a French ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Air Creation of Aubenas. Production has been completed, but while the aircraft was available it was supplied as an assembly kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Twin was designed as a trainer for the Air Creation Fun Racer. It complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its Air Creation Fun 450 single surface wing covered in Trilam Dacron sailcloth, with a Mylar leading edge. The  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost, uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar and has a wing area of . The powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 503 engine. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 40 hours.

Specifications (Twin with Fun 450 wing)

References

External links
Photo of an Air Creation Twin with XP wing fitted

1990s French sport aircraft
1990s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Homebuilt aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin
Anthony G. Constantinides. Anthony George Constantinides FREng FIET (born 1943) is a professor of signal processing and the founder of the Communications and Signal Processing Group of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in Imperial College London. He has been actively involved with research in various aspects of digital filter design, digital signal processing, and communications for more than 40 years. Professor Constantinides' research spans a wide range of digital signal processing and communications, both from the theoretical as well as the practical points of view.  His recent work has been directed toward the demanding problems arising in Financial signal processing and he now leads the Financial Signal Processing Lab in the EEE department of Imperial College London.

Notable Contributions
Professor Constantinides has published several books and over 250 papers in learned journals in the area of digital signal processing and its applications. He has served as the First President of the European Association for Signal Processing (EURASIP) and has contributed in this capacity to the establishment of the European Journal for Signal Processing. He has been on, and is currently serving as, a member of many technical program committees of the IEEE, the IEE and other international conferences. He has organised the first-ever international series of meetings on digital signal processing, in London initially in 1967, and in Florence (with Vito Cappellini) since 1972.

In 1985 he was awarded the Honour of Chevalier, Palmes Academiques, by the French government, and in 1996, the promotion to Officier, Palmes Academiques. He holds honorary doctorates from European and Far Eastern Universities, several visiting professorships, distinguished lectureships, fellowships and other honours around the world.

Professor Constantinides presently has served as a member of the board of governors of the IEEE Signal Processing Society, a member of several technical committees of the IEEE and the IEE, and is on the editorial boards of professional journals.

He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (USA) and of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK). He received IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Graduate Teaching Award in 2012.

Awards
 IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Graduate Teaching Award, 2012
 IET Achievement Medal, 2006
 The Blumlein-Brown-Willains Premium, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, UK, 1997
 Officier dans l’Ordre Palmes Academiques, from the French Government, 1996
 The Hartree Premium, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, UK, 1996
 Honorary Professor, University College, Institute of Archaeology, 1995
 Doctorate, Honoris Causa, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
 Gledden Distinguished Fellow, University of Western Australia, 1985
 Chevalier dans l'Ordre Palmes Academiques from the French Government, 1985
 Fellow at Royal Academy of Engineering, 2010

Notes

References

External links
 

1943 births
Living people
Academics of Imperial College London
Theodore Litovitz. Theodore Aaron Litovitz (October 14, 1923 – May 1, 2006) was physics professor at The Catholic University of America and a prolific inventor.

His inventions include a method to safely store nuclear waste, an electronic chip (EMX Biochip) to shield cell phone users from harmful electromagnetic radiation, and some of the early fiber optics now used in telecommunications. Litovitz held 25 patents, and was the co-founder of Catholic University's Vitreous State Laboratory, where students used vitrification to immobilize radioactive waste. The process he pioneered is expected to save 20 years and $20 billion in cleanup costs at the government's Hanford Nuclear Reservation alone.

During the Vietnam War, Litovitz developed an infrared transmitting window used in a U-2 spy plane.  He also helped develop a cheap glass fiber intended to replace copper wire, "a giant leap to the fiber optics revolution".

Personal life
Litovitz was born in New York and moved to Washington, DC, at the age of 2.  He was graduated from old Central High School and attended George Washington University before serving as a Navy radar repair technician in the South Pacific during World War II.  After returning, he finished his degree and then a Ph.D. at Catholic University where he taught until 1998 and conducted research until his death.

Litovitz and his wife, Charlotte, had a daughter, Toby, a son, Gary, and four grandchildren.

References

1923 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American physicists
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Catholic University of America School of Arts and Sciences faculty
Catholic University of America alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
United States Navy sailors
Conrad Airship CA 80. The CA 80 is a dirigible that was developed by the Conrad Airship Company founder Clarence “Clare” Conrad.

Design and development
The CA 80 is an aluminum truss rigid airship formed in the classic "Flying saucer" shape. It features a single rudder and a central shaft running vertically through its center. Helium is contained with internal mylar bags. It was intended to seat up to eight passengers. Three engines are fitted, one for vertical thrust, one for forward and one for directional control. The first prototype was destroyed in a windstorm.

Specifications (CA 80)

References

Airships
Vandrico. Vandrico, or Vandrico Solutions Inc. was a Canadian technology company located in North Vancouver, British Columbia. The company develops and licenses software for industrial and commercial operations worldwide. In 2013, Vandrico helped pioneer the use of wearable technology in traditional industries, such as mining. The company is best known for its database of wearable technology and its Connected Worker software platform that enables ease of interoperability between legacy and new enterprise systems.

Wearables in Industrial Operations 

On January 28, 2014 Vandrico announced a joint project with Motion Metrics International to extend their existing Payload Monitoring systems into wearable devices.

On July 14, 2016 Vandrico announced a partnership with Deloitte to increase employee efficiency using wearable technology using their Connected Worker platform.

May 2017 Vandrico launched its enterprise deployment-ready v4.0 of the Connected Worker(CW) software platform. CW is an open data platform, easily interoperable with disparate systems and new devices. It is meant to ease innovation for traditional industries like mining, oil & gas, utilities and construction.

May 2018 Vandrico supports many safe productivity use cases in industrial operations including automated work order dispatch, short interval control, ventilation on demand and fatigue management. Its killer use case is bringing worker biometrics visually and seamlessly into real-time operational intelligence and correlating that data across disparate systems.

Media Attention 

On February 13, 2014 Vandrico launched their wearable technology database which was featured by TechCrunch the following day, and subsequently re-blogged many times by other publications.

In the summer of 2013 Vandrico received media attention for their work as one of the first Canadian companies to develop software for Google Glass.

Acquisition 

The company was acquired by an undisclosed buyer early in 2019.

References 

Technology companies of Canada
Companies based in British Columbia
Fuel cell auxiliary power unit. A fuel cell auxiliary power unit (FC-APU) is a fuel cell based auxiliary power unit on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are mainly used in trucking, aviation, marine and recreational vehicles.

Market
In 2010 there were globally 3,100 fuel cell APU  shipments.

Trucks
Around 300,000 refrigerator trucks with auxiliary power units are on the road in the United States, according to a 2013 estimate. In recent years, truck and fuel cell manufacturers have teamed up to create, test and demonstrate a fuel cell APU that eliminates nearly all emissions  and uses diesel fuel more efficiently.

In 2008, a DOE sponsored partnership between Delphi Electronics and Peterbilt demonstrated that a fuel cell could provide power to the electronics and air conditioning of a Peterbilt Model 386 under simulated "idling" conditions for 10 hours. This solid oxide fuel cell can directly accept diesel using an integrated endothermic reformer. Delphi has said the 5 kW system for Class 8 trucks will be released in 2012, at an $8000–9000 price tag that would be competitive with other "midrange" two-cylinder diesel APUs, should they be able to meet those deadlines and cost estimates. In 2013, DOE announced a similar project giving grants to Nuvera and Plug Power Inc., though this project is based on hydrogen-powered fuel cells.

Research
RDSO started a project to develop fuel cell assisted Auxiliary power units in diesel-electric locomotives of Indian Railways.
PowerCell is testing an autothermal reformer and a PEM fuel cell stack to convert diesel fuel into electricity for trucks.

See also
 Refrigerator car
 Refrigerated container
 Trailer refrigeration unit

References

Starting systems
Electrical generators
Aircraft auxiliary power units
Fuel cells
David Beauchamp. David Beauchamp (born 1936) is a New Zealand born, Australian civil engineer who has contributed extensively to engineering heritage and research.

Education, qualifications and career

Beauchamp was born in Auckland New Zealand in 1936, and  spent his childhood in Picton before going to Canterbury University College  where he completed his  B.E. (Civil) in 1958. He was captain of the CUC athletic team in his final year winning the Lovelock Relay in Dunedin. He worked in the New Zealand Ministry of Works in Fiji and Wellington, then moved  to Melbourne late in 1963, taking a position with  Civil & Civic followed by  John Connell & Associates until 1969. He also spent a year working for Mott, Hay and Anderson in their London, UK bridge design section during this period.

He founded his own structural and civil consultancy practice in March 1969, David Beauchamp Pty. Ltd.  based in Princes Hill, and latterly Beauchamp Hogg Spano Consultants Pty Ltd in Richmond.  The firm specialises in Engineering Design & Consulting Services and Naval Architecture Services, and has worked with many of Melbourne's leading architects on the design of structures for a wide range of buildings.

In later years he specialised in forensic and heritage engineering. He has prepared reports on building Murtoa Grain Store, the Parliament House, Melbourne, the world heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building Melbourne, and several historic bridges including the Barwon Heads Bridge Geelong, Princes Bridge, Melbourne and the 1867 Ellerslie Bridge.

In the 1970s Beauchamp collaborated with George Tibbits and Miles Lewis on an analysis of the historic fabric of Carlton, for which they were awarded the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (Victorian Chapter) Robin Boyd Environmental Medal for their report Urban Renewal Carlton an Analysis. This report was an important contribution to the change in planning policy which stopped the Housing Commission of Victoria's Program for demolishing 80 hectares of the historic inner Melbourne suburb of Carlton.

Beauchamp was the first chairman of the Council for the Historic Environment, an inaugural member of the Victorian Heritage Council in 1995 and a member of the National Trust Historic Bridges Committee. He has also been a member of ICOMOS, the Australian Planning Institute, the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Engineers Australia, and chair of Engineering Heritage Victoria.

References

Selected publications
 Tibbits, GR and Beauchamp, D. John Harry Grainger: Engineer and Architect [online]. Australian Journal of Multi-disciplinary Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2010: 11–22. Availability: informit.com.au . [cited 28 Nov 13].

Engineers from Melbourne
1936 births
Australian civil engineers
Living people
People from Auckland
Software-defined infrastructure. Software-defined infrastructure (SDI) is the definition of technical infrastructure controlled by computer hardware, that is entirely under the control of software.

It operates independent of any hardware-specific dependencies and is programmatically extensible. Drive for innovation boosts demand for software-defined equipment.

In the SDI approach, an application's infrastructure requirements are defined declaratively (both functional and non-functional requirements). The hardware features enough versatility to control the infrastructure, and the software defines the functionalities, than can be changed by simply replacing the software.

Another approach to software defined systems are software defined equipment (SDE) or software defined apparatus (SDA)

Typical uses of software defined equipment are:

 Software defined radio
 Software defined network
 Software defined television

In embedded design, the role of software defined equipment or apparatus (SDE/SDA) can be defined by using direct firmware update (DFU) by over-the-air (OTA) action. 

OTA/DFU is a process where the firmware of an embedded system can be replaced wirelessly and remotely. This feature provides a powerful tool to redefine the use of versatile hardware by simply replacing the firmware (or embedded software). 

A possible embodiment of a software defined apparatus is a hardware "black box" with multiple inputs and outputs, whose functionality can be adapted to very different tasks just by replacing the software or firmware without any modification to the hardware. 

The benefits of SDI/SDA/SDE is that it lowers/eliminates effort towards infrastructure maintenance, allows companies to move focus to other parts of the software, ensures consistence while also allowing for extensibility, remote deployment through configuration without downtime, and allows you to leverage the power of versioning such as git.

Advanced capabilities enable the transition from one configuration to another without downtime as mentioned before, by automatically calculating the set of state changes between one configuration and another and an automated transition step between each step, thus achieving the complete change in functionality via software.

The benefits of SDI/SDA/SDE are the economy of scale, as a single hardware equipment is used for different jobs just by replacing the software, and flexibility as a single hardware can have multiple uses.

See also

 Infrastructure as code
 Software-defined radio

References

Software design
ÖBB Class 1042. The ÖBB Class 1042 was a class of electric locomotives operated by ÖBB in Austria. From its entry into service in the 1960s, it was an important element of the ÖBB's electrically powered operations. In the 1990s, younger members of the class were converted into Class 1142 locomotives for push–pull operation. The remaining Class 1042 units have since been withdrawn from service.

The four-axle locomotives were assembled from 1963 onwards by Simmering-Graz-Pauker at Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf. After the progressive electrification of the Austrian railway network in the 1950s, ÖBB required powerful new engines for operation on the mountain railway lines such as the Semmering pass route. The Class 1042 achieved a maximum speed of , later increased to . A total of 257 were built until production discontinued in 1977.

Operations in Sweden
Hector Rail purchased twelve Class 1142 locomotives from ÖBB in 2005–2006. The Hector Rail locomotives were reclassified as "Class 142" and its performance is comparable with that of the SJ Rc locomotives.

See also 

 History of rail transport in Austria
 Rail transport in Austria

References

Austrian Federal Railways electric locomotives
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Bo′Bo′  locomotives
Siemens locomotives
15 kV AC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1963
Standard gauge locomotives of Austria
Electric locomotives of Sweden
MOSFET Gate Driver. MOSFET gate driver is a specialized circuit that is used to drive the gate (gate driver) of power MOSFETs effectively and efficiently in high-speed switching applications. The addition of high-speed MOSFET gate drivers are the last step if the turn-on is intended to fully enhance the conducting channel of the MOSFET technology.

MOSFET technology
The gate driver works under the same principle as the MOSFET transistor. It provides an output current that provides a charge to the semiconductor by a control electrode. It is also simple to drive and has resistive nature for power uses.

References

Electronic circuits
MOSFETs
Sutli bomb. Sutli bomb, also known as Atom Bomb or Hydro-bomb, due to its notorious noise, is an Indian firecracker popular during the festival of Diwali and other celebrations. It is the noisiest firecracker, exceeding the permissible sound barrier of 145 decibels (dB).

About
Sutli bomb is made with jute twine (sutli) that is green in color and has a red band that has manufacturer's name. The twine is wrapped around the explosive component and results in producing a powerful sound.
What produces this sound is the tight packaging of gunpowder inside. When the gunpowder is heated, lots of gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of sulphur) and the noise comes due to these gas pressure tearing through the tight packaging.

Banned
It is banned by many governments under Arms Act, because of the noise level it produces that is almost double the permissible level of 75 decibels.

References

Types of fireworks
Diwali
Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation. The Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation (PADC) is a state-owned aerospace and defense technological development corporation integrated to the Department of National Defense through Executive Order No. 78, s. 2019. As of 2021, PADC is under organizational realignment with the Philippine Department of National Defense's and National Security Council's highly classified plans and programs, including but not limited to its vital functions under Presidential Decree No. 415 and amended by Presidential Decree No. 1081.

PADC operates a joint venture with Airbus known as Airbus Helicopters Philippines.

History
The corporation was established on September 5, 1973, by the virtue of Presidential Decree No. 286, which was issued by then-President Ferdinand Marcos. The decree served as the charter of the corporation was revised through Presidential Decree No. 696 issued by Marcos on May 9, 1975.

The mandate of the firm is to establish a "reliable aviation and aerospace industry" in the Philippines, design, manufacture and sell "all forms" of aircraft, as well as to develop indigenous capabilities in the maintenance, repair, and modification of aviation equipment.

It attempted to develop local aircraft such as the PADC Hummingbird helicopter and the PADC Defiant single-engine trainer in the 1980s but the programs were scrapped due to licensing issues and lack of government support with problem of legal issues on intellectual property rights.

Following a meeting of the Governance Commission for GOCCs in late 2017, the option of abolishing PADC was floated. Those present in the meeting citing that the PADC had failed its mandate particularly in successfully designing a plane for the last 45 years.

Then-PADC director, Rene Abad, called for the PADC's ‘revitalization’ instead, to contribute to the country's development and security in 2018.

On March 15, 2019, through Executive Order No. 78 signed by President Rodrigo Duterte, the corporation was effectively transferred from the transportation department to the Department of National Defense.

On May 16, 2022, PADC signed a MOU with HAL to potentially acquire the Prachand [LCH], LUH and the Tejas [Light Combat Aircraft].

On November 7, 2022, House Bill 3622 was passed in the Senate, which called for extending PADC. On March 21, 2023, Senator Imee Marcos passed Senate Bill No. 2033, which is currently pending in the Senate. It called for the extension of the PADC by 50 years.

Products

Licensed Production/Assembly

 MBB Bo 105
 Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander
 SIAI-Marchetti SF.260

Prototypes
 PADC Defiant 300
 PADC Hummingbird

Presidents of PADC
 Panfilo Villaruel (1996-98)
 Gilbert S. Rueras (2015-2019)
 Raymond L. Mitra

References

Government-owned and controlled corporations of the Philippines
Companies based in Pasay
Technology companies established in 1973
Aerospace companies of the Philippines
Defense companies of the Philippines
Philippine companies established in 1973
Establishments by Philippine presidential decree
Leonard Mullins. Leonard Mullins (1918 – 19 September 1997) was a scientist and long-time Research Director at the former Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association.  He is known for his work on the stress-softening behavior of rubber, a phenomenon now known widely as the Mullins effect.

Personal 

Mullins was born on 21 May 1918 and died on 19 September 1997 at the age of 79.

Leonard was the eldest of 7 children, with his brothers Eric, Kenneth, John, known as Alan, and sisters Sylvia, Muriel and Eugenie.

He married Freda Churchouse on 6 March 1943 and had 2 daughters Margaret and Janet.

Education 

Mullins graduated from University College London in 1939
BSC (Hons), PhD, DSc

Career 

He had originally hoped to enter academia, but World War II interrupted his plans and he ended up working in weapons research for the British government.

In 1949, he oversaw the dismantling of the Bayer A.G. rubber labs and pilot plant at Leverkusen, Germany.

In 1950, he joined the physics group of the British Rubber Producers' Research Association. He became deputy director of the group in 1960 and its director in 1962. He retired in 1983.

During his tenure, MRPRA's control shifted to Malaysia from Great Britain. He expanded the association's research team and laboratories.

Awards and recognitions

 1966 - Colwyn medal in 1956 from the former Institution of the Rubber Industry
 1975 - honorary title Johan Mangku Negara for his work with natural rubber, bestowed by the king of Malaysia
 1976 - CMG
 1982 - Médaille de la ville de Paris
 1985 - Outstanding Service Award from PRI
 1986 - Charles Goodyear Medal from the ACS Rubber Division
 1988 - Carl Harries|Carl-Dietrich Harries Medal from the German rubber organization Dkt
 1988 - Eminent Citizen's Medal, Ho Chi Minh City

References 

Polymer scientists and engineers
1918 births
1997 deaths