omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wang Yingluo. Wang Yingluo (; 21 May 1930 – 11 July 2023) was a Chinese academic in the fields of management science and management engineering, a former vice president of Xi'an Jiaotong University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Wang was born in Jing County, Anhui, on 21 May 1930. In 1948, he entered the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Jiaotong University. After completing his bachelor's degree in 1952, he enrolled at Harbin Institute of Technology where he obtained his master's degree in 1955. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in September 1952.

After graduation, Wang became a teaching assistant at the National Jiaotong University (reshuffled as Xi'an Jiaotong University in 1957), where he was later appointed director of the Department of Management Engineering in September 1978 then dean of the School of Management in January 1984 and vice president in March of the same year. 

On 11 July 2023, Wang died in Xi'an, Shaanxi, at the age of 93.

Honours and awards
 2003 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

Bibliography
 

1930 births
2023 deaths
People from Xuancheng
Engineers from Anhui
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Xi'an Jiaotong University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Neriamangalam Bridge. The Neriamangalam Bridge is a bridge in the South Indian state of Kerala, that connects the Ernakulam and Idukki districts. Opened in 1935, it is the first Class A arch bridge in Asia. Popularly known as the gateway to the high ranges, it is located in Neriamangalam and presently a part of NH 85.

History
The railway and ropeway built by the British were destroyed in 1924 due to the great flood of 99. The road from Pooyamkutty to Mankulam was also damaged, ceasing the trade relations of high range with Kochi. Subsequently, Maharani Sethu Lakshmibai ordered the construction of a new road from Aluva to Munnar and a new bridge across Periyar to transport tea, aromatic crops and trees from the high range to Kochi. The new road was inaugurated in March 1931 by Maharani Sethulakshmi Bhai. The construction of the Neriamangalam bridge was started in 1924 and was opened on 2 March 1935 by Srichithira Tirunal Balaramavarma. In view of the strong currents that may occur in Periyar during the rainy season, the bridge is constructed in an arched shape to withstand the force of the water. The bridge has been instrumental in the growth of high range of Kerala since 1935. It also paved the way for migration of people from different parts of Kerala to high range. The bridge has been completed in five spans with a length of 214 meters and a width of 4.9 meters. The arches of the bridge are connected to the spans. It is made of surkhi and granite, which is a mixture of jaggery and lime. Since its inauguration, Neriamangalam bridge, has survived the great floods of 1961 and 2018.

See also
Marthanda Varma Bridge

References

Transport in Kochi
Buildings and structures in Kochi
Bridges completed in 1935
1935 establishments in India
20th-century architecture in India
Arch bridges
Bridges in Kerala
Tiruchirappalli Metro. Tiruchirappalli Metro or Trichy Metro is a proposed rapid transit system for the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. Initially the system was proposed as the Tiruchirappalli Monorail but after feasibility study it was recommended to be a metro rail project. The initial proposal recommended two lines of 45 km in length with 45 stations.

History 
Then Governor of Tamil Nadu, Banwarilal Brohit announced in the Legislative assembly during 2011 that the Government of Tamil Nadu has decided to do a feasibility study for introducing monorail system in Trichy along with Coimbatore and Madurai. But with the political changes in the state the project was without any progress. During 2022 the proposal was converted to study a mass transit system for the city and in 2023 it was proposed to build a full fledged metro for the city with two corridors.

Project timeline

2021
 In October, Trichy Corporation initiates work on preparation of Comprehensive Mobility Plan for the city to study the traffic pattern and transportation infrastructure.

2022
 In May, CMRL initiates Study for Detailed Feasibility Report 
 In June, CMRL and Trichy Corporation held discussions on utilising the CMP data for the Metro DFR

2023
 In April, CMP work is completed and it suggested three potential corridors for the Metro with related traffic datapoints.
 In September, CRML submits the DFR to Tamil Nadu Government for further approval, which proposed a Mass Rapid Transit System for Trichy with 2 corridors from the CMP for a length of 45 kms.

Corridors

Comprehensive Mobility Plan

Detailed Feasibility Report 
Proposed Metro Rail Routes in Trichy based on Feasibility study

References

External links 

Proposed monorails in India
Rail transport in Tiruchirappalli
Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu
Farmer and Dark. Farmer and Dark was an architectural practice known for public sector works in post-war Britain. They designed several power stations for the Central Electricity Generating Board during this period.

The practice was established in the 1930s by Frank Quentery Farmer and Bernard Frankland Dark.

Selected works
 Willington Power Station
 Marchwood Power Station
 Belvedere Power Station
 Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, Liverpool
 Bowater factory, Gillingham
 Loewy offices, Poole
 Fanum House, Basingstoke

References

Architecture firms of England
Commercial fusion. Commercial Fusion is a term used to refer to privately owned companies whose aim is to sell electricity produced by nuclear fusion. The industry now consists of over 40 companies who have attracted a combined total of more than $6 billion in investment.

Commercial fusion companies

First fusion electricity to the grid 

For decades researchers have famously said that fusion power is always 30, or even 50, years away. The advent of commercial fusion has changed that, and now fusion power is typically predicted to be around 10 years away, with most companies predicting that the first fusion plant will deliver electricity to the grid before 2035. Although the majority of the companies have only existed for a few years, some have already failed to deliver on their predictions. General Fusion first predicted that it would deliver electricity to the grid by 2009.

References

Fusion power
Nuclear technology companies
Ultra-Efficient Products Penetrater. The Ultra-Efficient Products Penetrater was an American ultralight aircraft designed by Nick Leighty and Rick Berstling and produced by Ultra-Efficient Products.  It was first shown at the 1985 Sun 'n Fun air show.

The aircraft's most notable feature was that the pilot flew in the prone position. The pilot lay on top of the fuselage, and used elbow rests and foot stirrups. The aircraft had a cantilever low-wing, a fuselage consisting of a single aluminum alloy tube, a V-tail, a tricycle landing gear, and a single engine in pusher configuration.

Specifications (Penetrater)

See also

References

External links
Photo of the Penetrater in flight

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1985
Prone pilot aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Ferecrystals. Ferecrystals (FCs) are a class of layered materials consisting of atomically thin layers of a transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) stacked alternately with metal monochalcogenide layers.

Introduction 
The general formula of ferecrystals is [(MX)1+δ]m[TX2]n, where X is Se or Te, M a metal, T a transition metal, and δ represents the crystallographic misfit between the MX and TX2 layers. Ferecrystals are characterized by turbostratic disorder, which refers to an apparently random rotation of MX and TX2 layers around their crystallographic c-axes and between grains within the layer plane, while maintaining parallel c-axes to the stacking direction. Despite the disorder, continuous layers of composition TX2 and MX are usually maintained across grain boundaries throughout the ferecrystal sample. The name "ferecrystals" comes from the Latin word "fere," meaning "almost," referring to the turbostratic disorder and grain-like structure.

Growth 
Ferecrystals can be prepared using the Modulated Elemental Reactants (MER) method. Developed by David C. Johnson and his team at the University of Oregon, this technique allows for the creation of ferecrystals of arbitrary n and m, unlike commonly used synthesis techniques.

The MER method involves physical vapor deposition (PVD) of individual monoatomic layers followed by annealing of the deposited precursors. During annealing, self-assembly of the amorphous precursors takes place, resulting in crystallization within the layer plane. This non-epitaxial growth method leads to the formation of abrupt interfaces and in-plane crystallinity and enables nearly arbitrary stacking sequences of transition metal dichalcogenides and metal mono chalcogenides.

Properties 
The unusual structure of ferecrystals due to the turbostratic disorder results in physical properties such as charge density waves, unusual superconductivity, and an extraordinarily low thermal conductivity. With their artificially layered structure, versatility in material combinations and stacking sequences, ferecrystals could serve as model systems for layered superconductors, such as high-temperature superconductors.

Comparison to MLCs 
Misfit layer compounds (MLCs) are typically grown as single crystalline platelets and are described by the same chemical formula as ferecrystals, but they do not exhibit turbostratic disorder. In contrast, ferecrystals have shown evidence of charge density waves (CDW), whereas such an effect has not been reported for MLCs.

In comparison to ferecrystals, misfit layer compounds can be synthezised with limited layer stacking sequences, where m ≤ 3 and n ≤ 3. There are only few compound materials known to have n > 1, and no equilibrium compounds to have n > 3 or m > 2. Crystalline misfit layered tellurides have not been reported, suggesting their thermodynamic instability.

References 

Two-dimensional nanomaterials
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Type 424 fleet service ship. The Type 424 fleet service ship is a new class of three signals intelligence (SIGINT/ELINT) and reconnaissance ships for the German Navy. Officially designated as "fleet service ships", they will replace the , which has been in service since the late 1980s.

History 
The Type 424 was first announced in June 2021 when a contract was awarded to the NVL Group for the design phase. Bundestag approved the development and procurement of three auxiliary ships as well as a training and reference reconnaissance facility (ARAA) for sea-based signal detection reconnaissance (ssA). 

As the main contractor, NVL was commissioned to develop the systems by February 2023. All services should be completed by 2029. The first of the three boats is scheduled to be put into service in 2027.

When concluding the contract with Naval Vessels Lürssen (NVL) in June 2021, the Federal cort of Audit, Bundesrechnungshof reported “significant concerns”. It criticized the fact that the Ministry of Defense only wanted to discuss with the shipyard after the contract had been signed how exactly the ships should be built. "Billions were awarded blindly and a very bad negotiating situation," wrote the Süddeutsche Zeitung. The Federal Audit Office feared "additional expenditure in the medium term."

In 2023, the ships only existed vaguely and sketchily on paper.The new building increased in price from 2.1 billion euros to 3.3 billion euros (2023).  The Federal cort of Audit, Bundesrechnungshof intervened in 2023 and stated that there were significant risks arising from the contract structure with Lürssen. 

In 2023 BAAINBw and Lürssen announced that delivery will be postponed to a period between 2029 and 2031.

Construction started in November 2024, and the steel for the first ship was cut in December 2024.

References 

Electronic intelligence ships
Auxiliary surveillance ship classes
Indirect branch tracking. Indirect branch tracking (IBT), also known as branch target identification (BTI), is a control flow integrity mechanism implemented on some Intel x86-64 and ARM-64 processors. IBT is designed to protect against computer security exploits that use indirect branch instructions to jump into code in unintended ways, such as return-oriented programming.

It creates a special "branch target" instructions that have no function other than to mark a location as a valid indirect branch target, with the processor capable of being put into a mode where it will raise an exception if an indirect branch is made to a location without a branch target instruction.

Implementations 
On Intel processors, the technique is known as Indirect Branch Tracking (IBT), with the "end branch" instructions  and  acting as the branch target instructions for 32 and 64 bit mode respectively. IBT is part of the Intel Control-Flow Enforcement Technology first released in the Tiger Lake generation of processors.

The similar technology on ARM-64 processors is called Branch Target Identification (BTI), with the instruction, also called , having three variants that make it check only for jumps, or function calls, or for both.

References 

Computer security
Control flow integrity
Sujata Banerjee. Sujata Banerjee is a computer scientist specializing in the performance and quality of service of computer networks and data centers. Born in the UK, and educated in India and the US, she works in the US as vice president for research at VMware.

Education and career
Banerjee was born in the UK but grew up in Mumbai, India; she has bachelor's and master's degrees from IIT Bombay. She entered the USC Viterbi School of Engineering at the University of Southern California, intending to study in its Communications Sciences Institute, but soon switched to computer networks and completed a Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1993. Her dissertation, Distributed database systems in high-speed networks, was supervised by Victor O. Li.

After earning tenure as a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh, she moved to industry, first at HP Labs, and then in 2017 moving again to VMware as a senior staff researcher and director for external research.

Recognition
Banerjee was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2022, "for leadership in programmable and energy efficient networks".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Indian computer scientists
Indian women computer scientists
IIT Bombay alumni
University of Southern California alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
21st-century American scientists
21st-century American women scientists
Indian emigrants to the United States
British emigrants to India
Zhidian Automobile. Hunan Zhidian Smart New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd. (), more commonly known as Zhidian Automobile, is a Chinese electric vehicle company based in Zhuzhou, Hunan.

History
Zhidian Automobile was founded on 17 July 2018 by Ma Jianfeng.

On 28 June 2021, Zhidian Automobile celebrated the completion of its first vehicle assembly plant in Zhuzhou.

Vehicles
Zhidian Automobile plans to produce the following vehicles:

 Zhidian F101, a small electric commercial vehicle line consisting of a microvan and minitruck
 Zhidian K201, a 4-door electric compact pickup truck

Market and Impact 
The company’s vehicles are designed to meet the needs of the logistics industry, with vehicle volumes ranging from 3 to 20 cubic meters, covering approximately 60% of the industry’s requirements.

References

Chinese companies established in 2018
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2018
Electric vehicle manufacturers of China
Salt Lake Electronics Complex. Salt Lake Electronics Complex (or, Salt Lake Electronic City) (abbr. SALTLEC) is a technology hub in the Sector V of Bidhannagar, Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. Spread over an area of 150 Acres, it consists various electronics and IT parks. It is India's first fully integrated Electronics Complex, specialized for electronics, IT and BPO industry. The complex has 20 acres of SEZ land, allotted to Wipro.

Formation
Salt Lake electronics complex was formed by Webel in 1989 to promote electronic industry. 87.55 Acres of land in Sector V was earmarked for the complex. The complex was originally designed as an Electronics Industry Complex, which would house large, medium and small electronics firms. But afterwards due to close proximity to Kolkata Airport, the then Government of West Bengal decided to promote the complex as an IT-BPO hub. It became India's first fully
integrated Electronics Complex, and afterwards first software technology complex in Kolkata metropolitan.

IT Parks and companies
In 1999, Salt Lake Electronic Complex housed 160 companies spread over an area of 135 acres. In 2006, SALTLEC housed more than 170 IT/ITeS, biotech and  pharma companies. As of 2019, the complex is spread on a land of 150 Acres which have 63 electronic units and more than 200 IT/ITeS firms along with many MSME companies.

Some of biggest tech parks in the hub are Wipro IT Park on a 20 Acre SEZ land, Infinity Think Tank, Globsyn Crystals, SDF Building etc.

See also
List of tech parks in Kolkata
New Town, Kolkata
Salt Lake Sector-V

References

Kolkata Metropolitan Area
High-technology business districts in India
Suparna Bhattacharya. Suparna Bhattacharya is an Indian computer scientist known for her contributions to the Linux kernel, and also interested in applications of big data in artificial intelligence. She is an Hewlett Packard Enterprise Fellow at Hewlett Packard Labs.

Education and career
Bhattacharya is the daughter of C. G. Bhattacharya, a statistician at the Indian Statistical Institute. She earned an undergraduate degree in electronics and electrical communication at IIT Kharagpur, in 1993.

Next, she worked for IBM from 1993 until 2014. She was elected to the IBM Academy of Technology in 2005, and promoted to Senior Technical Staff Member in 2006, the first woman at that level in IBM India. She moved internally to IBM Research in 2012. While working for IBM, she completed a Ph.D. in computer science and automation at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), in 2013, winning the IISc Alumni gold medal for her dissertation on power-aware software.

After moving to Hewlett Packard Enterprise as a distinguished technologist, she was named as an HPE Fellow in 2023.

Recognition
Bhattacharya was named to the Indian National Academy of Engineering in 2020. She was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2022, "for contributions to Linux kernel for enterprise and advanced data processing systems".

In 2020, IEEE India recognized her as their Woman Technologist of the Year.

References

External links

*

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian computer scientists
Indian women computer scientists
Linux kernel programmers
IIT Kharagpur alumni
Indian Institute of Science alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Onishi OSG3. The Onishi OSG3 is a 1970s Japanese single-seat motor glider, designed and built by Yuichi Onishi (大西勇一,Onishi Yuichi). This was his second motor-glider design; the first being a high-wing monoplane, powered by a Subaru car engine, with which he made a  flight between Chigasaki and Oshima Island in July 1970.

Design and development
The OSG3 is unusual in being powered by six model aircraft engines, which are arranged along a transverse strut-braced boom near the front of the fuselage. Together, the six engines produce  for take-off, and   for cruising flight. There are six throttle levers and also six cut-out switches for the engines. The aircraft has a cantilevered monoplane wing, in a shoulder-wing position on the fuselage. The empennage has a T-tail configuration.  

Design of the OSG3 began in January 1976, with construction commencing in July of that year. By January 1977, the aircraft had been completed and taxiing trial conducted.

Specifications

References

External links
Images of the OSG3

Motor gliders
1970s Japanese sport aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1977
T-tail aircraft
Six-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Beneteau 42 CC. The Beneteau 42 CC (Centre Cockpit), also sold as the Oceanis 42 CC, is a French sailboat that was designed by Groupe Finot as a cruiser and first built in 2003. The boat design proved popular in the yacht charter market.

Production
The design was built by Beneteau in France, from 2003 until 2007, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Beneteau 42 CC is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a cutter rig, with two sets of swept spreaders and aluminium spars with stainless steel wire standing rigging. The hull has a raked stem, an angled transom with a drop-down tailgate swimming platform, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel in the centre cockpit and a fixed wing keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard wing keel.

The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo diesel engine of  for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double berth in the bow cabin, a U-shaped settee in the main salon and an aft cabin with a double central island berth. The galley is located on the port side just aft of the companionway ladder. The galley is of straight configuration and is equipped with a stove, a refrigerator, freezer and a double sink. A navigation station is forward of the galley, on the port side. There are two heads, one just forward of the bow cabin in the forepeak and one on the starboard side in the aft cabin.

The design has a hull speed of  and a PHRF handicap of 126.

Operational history
In a 2002 Yachting World review, noted, "Love ’em or loathe ’em, there’s no denying the popularity of centre cockpit yachts ... The first thing you notice when approaching the Beneteau Oceanis 42CC is her enormous rear end. The central part of the aft deck slides back to reveal steps, and with the help of a remote handset linked to a hydraulic powerpack, the middle pan of the transom folds down to form a bathing platform. This neat bit of design works well and also allows for a large aft deck which would happily accommodate a couple of sunworshippers, as well as providing deep locker space either side. The one drawback of this stern arrangement, in my view, is that it affects the aesthetics of the yacht."

In a 2003 review for Yacht and Boat, Barry Tranter wrote, "the overall impression is that it is a clever boat, which provides a very civilised environment in which to live. It is big boat, more like a 48 footer and you could happily live aboard for long periods of time, without being annoyed by petty shortcomings in the habitat, though perhaps that is another by product of the advancing years."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Keelboats
2000s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Groupe Finot
Sailboat types built by Beneteau