omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Initiative for Interstellar Studies. The Initiative for Interstellar Studies (i4is) is a UK-registered not-for-profit company, whose objectives are education and research into the challenges of Interstellar Travel. It pioneered small-scale laser sail interstellar probes (Project Dragonfly) and missions to interstellar objects (Project Lyra). Several of its principals were involved in the 100 Year Starship winning team originated by NASA and DARPA.

The US activities of i4is are coordinated by the Institute for Interstellar Studies, a not-for-profit registered in Tennessee, USA.

Notable projects and activities 

Project Dragonfly:

i4is has initiated a project working on small interstellar spacecraft, propelled by a laser sail in 2013 under the name of Project Dragonfly. Four student teams worked on concepts for such a mission in 2014 and 2015 in the context of a design competition. The design of the team from the University of California, Santa Barbara, has subsequently been selected as the baseline system architecture for Breakthrough Starshot. A subsequent study, Project Andromeda, has provided input to Breakthrough Starshot prior to its announcement in 2016.

Project Lyra:
In November 2017, i4is launched Project Lyra and proposed a set of mission concepts for reaching the interstellar objects 1I/ʻOumuamua, 2I/Borisov, and yet to be discovered objects. The project has been featured in numerous media outlets.

World and Generation Ships:

i4is has published on world ships, large interstellar generation ships and has presented its results at the ESA Interstellar Workshop in 2019 as well as in ESA's Acta Futura journal.  In 2024, the Project Hyperion design competition was launched.

Venus astrobiology mission:
Subsequent to the alleged discovery of phosphine in the Venusian atmosphere in 2020, i4is published a study on a dedicated astrobiology mission, based on a fleet of balloons to probe the Venusian atmosphere.

Principium:
The i4is publishes a quarterly newsletter, Principium.

Prominent figures 

The i4is has a number of internationally renowned academics and engineers who have oversight and involvement with its work -
 Freeman Dyson FRS, theoretical physicist and mathematician, professor emeritus Institute for Advanced Study was a member of the Advisory Council of the i4is
 Alan Bond, Managing Director of Reaction Engines Limited, is a consultant to i4is.
 Dr Ian Crawford, Professor of Planetary Science and Astrobiology at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London is a member of the Advisory Council of the i4is
 Gregory L. Matloff, professor New York City College of Technology is Chair of the Advisory Council of the i4is.

References

External links 
 British Interplanetary Society website
 Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 
 International  Space University
 20 minutes talk by Chris Welch about The Institute for Interstellar Studies during SpaceUp Stuttgart 2012 (YouTube Video)

Organizations established in 2012
Space advocacy organizations
Space organizations
Interstellar travel
2012 establishments in the United Kingdom
SciDB. SciDB is a column-oriented database management system (DBMS) designed for multidimensional data management and analytics common to scientific, geospatial, financial, and industrial applications.  It is developed by Paradigm4 and co-created by Michael Stonebraker.

History 
Stonebraker claims that arrays are 100 times faster in SciDB than in a relational DBMS on a class of problems. It is swapping rows and columns for mathematical arrays that put fewer restrictions on the data and can work in any number of dimensions unlike the conventionally widely used relational database management system model, in which each relation supports only one dimension of records.

A 2011 conference presentation on SciDB promoted it as "not Hadoop".
Marilyn Matz became chief executive Paradigm4  in 2014.

See also

 Comparison of object database management systems
 Comparison of structured storage software

References

External links
 SciDB website

Data management
Distributed data stores
Document-oriented databases
Distributed computing architecture
Free database management systems
Structured storage
NoSQL
Software using the GNU Affero General Public License
Türksat 5A. Türksat 5A, is a Turkish communications satellite, operated by Türksat A.Ş. for commercial and military purposes.

History 
According to an agreement signed in September 2011, the satellite was developed by specialists in cooperation with Türksat and Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI). It was produced in Turkey by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) at its newly established Satellite Assembly Integration and Test Facility () (UMET) in Ankara with 20% indigenously developed technology. Türksat 5A is the first geostationary communications satellite built in Turkey.

It was reported in early 2013 that Mitsubishi Electric (MELCO) of Japan, which is constructing the satellite platforms of Türksat 4A and Türksat 4B, might join the project to provide a MELCO DS2000 satellite bus for the satellite. But on 9 November 2017, Airbus Defence and Space was selected to construct the satellite platforms for Türksat 5A using Eurostar E3000EOR, an all-electric variant of Eurostar E3000.

Launch 
The spacecraft was launched on 8 January 2021 at 02:15:00 UTC from Cape Canaveral (CCSFS), SLC-40. Türksat 5A will be placed in a geosynchronous orbit at 31° East to provide telecommunication and direct TV broadcasting services over a broad geographic region between west of China and east of England stretching over Turkey, as well as Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa.

It has a launch mass of   carrying 42 Ku-band transponders. The expected on-orbit life time will be 15 years, but the more efficient electric thrusters will allow Turksat 5A to maintain its position in orbit for more than 30 years, double the life span of many large communications satellites, according to Airbus.

Controversy 
On 29 October 2020, Armenian protesters gathered outside of the Hawthorne, California headquarters of the TurkSat 5A launch provider SpaceX to protest the satellites launch, demanding SpaceX not launch the satellite, claiming that it will be used against military and civilian targets in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. SpaceX did not respond to a request for comment on the protests.

TurkSat 5A would greatly extend the range of drone operations from the west of Europe to the east of Kazakhstan, with more resistance against jamming, rejection and wiretapping; high-definition live streams of targets and commanding of munitions drops.

See also 

 Türksat (company)
 Turkish Aerospace Industries
 Türksat (satellite)

References 

Communications satellites of Turkey
Spacecraft launched in 2021
2021 in Turkey
Satellites using the Spacebus bus
SpaceX commercial payloads
Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Eluru railway station. Eluru railway station (station code:EE) is an Indian Railways station in Eluru city of Andhra Pradesh. It lies on the Howrah–Chennai main line and is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone (formerly South Central Railway zone).

History 
Between 1893 and 1896,  of the East Coast State Railway, between Vijayawada and , was opened for traffic. The southern part of the East Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901.

Electrification 
The Mustabad–Gannavaram–Nuzvid–Bhimadolu sector was electrified in 1995–96.

Classification 
In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Eluru is categorized as a Non-Suburban Grade-3 (NSG-3) railway station. Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–3 category station earns between – crore and handles  passengers.

Structure and amenities 

The station is spread over an area of , maintained by 17 employees.
The station has 03 platforms and all the tracks are broad gauge and electrified. Almost all platforms are in same size. The station has East and West terminals equipped with reservation counters. It was 37th cleanest station in 'A'-Category, as of 2018. It is one of the 38 stations in the division to be equipped with Automatic Ticket Vending Machines (ATVMs).

Satellite stations 
Eluru city consists of four other railway stations. These are:

References

External links 

South Central Railway

Railway stations in India opened in 1893
Railway stations in West Godavari district
Vijayawada railway division
Railway stations in Eluru
Auralization. Auralization is a procedure designed to model and simulate the experience of acoustic phenomena rendered as a soundfield in a virtualized space. This is useful in configuring the soundscape of architectural structures, concert venues, and public spaces, as well as in making coherent sound environments within virtual immersion systems.

History 

The English term auralization was used for the first time by Kleiner et al. in an article in the journal of the AES en 1991.

The increase of computational power allowed the development of the first acoustic simulation software towards the end of the 1960s.

Principles 

Auralizations are experienced through systems rendering virtual acoustic models made by convolving or mixing acoustic events recorded 'dry' (or in an anechoic chamber) projected within a virtual model of an acoustic space, the characteristics of which are determined by means of sampling its impulse response (IR).
Once this  has been determined, the simulation of the resulting soundfield  in the target environment is obtained by convolution:

The resulting sound  is heard as it would if emitted in that acoustic space.

Binaurality 

For auralizations to be perceived as realistic, it is critical to emulate the human hearing in terms of position and orientation of the listener's head with respect to the sources of sound.
For IR data to be convolved convincingly, the acoustic events are captured using a dummy head where two microphones are positioned on each side of the head to record an emulation of sound arriving at the locations of human ears, or using an ambisonics microphone array and mixed down for binaurality. 
Head-related transfer functions (HRTF) datasets can be used to simplify the process insofar as a monaural IR can be measured or simulated, then audio content is convolved with its target acoustic space. In rendering the experience, the transfer function corresponding to the orientation of the head is applied to simulate the corresponding spatial emanation of sound.

See also 

Convolution reverb
Reverberation

Notes and references 

Application software
Acoustics
L.H. Thomson. L.H. Thomson is an American manufacturer of aerospace components and bicycle parts. It has a  machine shop in Macon, Georgia.

History
The company was founded by Loronzo Harold Thomson (Ronnie) and his wife Margaret in 1968, as a small machine shop called NEMCO (Numerical Engineering Machine Company) just outside Macon. In 1980, it was one of a number of companies to be acquired by Boeing, resulting in Ronnie becoming the President of Boeing Georgia. In 1981, they purchased the NEMCO building back from Boeing and founded L.H. Thomson, focusing on modern computerized CNC machining instead of the more common method at the time, manual machining. In 1992, the company moved into a new facility almost four times as large as the previous building, and between 1994 and 1996 started producing bicycle parts as well. When Ronnie died in 2008, Marge Thomson took over as CEO with her son, Brian Thomson, as president.

Products

Bicycle
In 1994, Carnegie Mellon graduates Chris McGee and Mark McJunkin joined LH Thomson to launch the Bicycle Division of the company.  After a year of testing and development, the Thomson Elite Seatpost was introduced at the 1995 Interbike Show in Las Vegas. The response was extraordinary, and within a year the Elite had become the standard for durability, value, and performance.  LH Thomson holds multiple mechanical and design patents for cycling products, and is viewed as an industry leader in the production of high-end bicycle components. The company has traditionally made seatposts and stems, but has diversified into handlebars and dropper seatposts, as well as adding titanium and carbon fibre to the materials they use.

Aircraft
Around 70% of its business is making parts for aviation companies like Boeing, Cessna and Gulfstream.

References

Cycle parts manufacturers
Companies based in Macon, Georgia
Companies established in 1981
Machining
Aerospace companies of the United States
International Conference on Robotics and Automation. The IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) is an annual academic conference covering advances in robotics. It is one of the premier conferences in its field, alongside the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),  with an 'A' rating from the Australian Ranking of ICT Conferences obtained in 2010 and an 'A1' rating from the Brazilian ministry of education in 2012.

The 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2025) is held from May 19th to 23rd, 2025, in Atlanta, USA. ICRA 2025  gathers the world's top researchers and industry leaders to share ideas, exchange knowledge, and advance the field of robotics for the benefit of humanity.

References

Robotics organizations
Mitsui 56 series. The 56 series is a series of cargo ships built by Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding.

, 151 ships have been built and 170 ordered. The 151st was delivered to New Blossom Maritime S.A. They are built at Mitsui's Tamano and Chiba shipyards.

Design
The ships are bulk carriers, 189.99m long overall (182m between perpendiculars) with 56,000 dwt and approximately 31000gt. Hold volume is over 70,000m³, divided between five cargo holds with four cranes. Main engines are generally MAN B&W 6S50MC-C low-speed diesels. Service speed is 14.5 knots.

References

Bulk carriers
Ships built by Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding
Devilish (video game). is an action video game that was released for the Game Gear.

A sequel for the Mega Drive was released as Devilish: The Next Possession, known in Japan as . A third title in the series known as Devilish: Ball Bounder was released for Nintendo DS in 2005.

Plot
A prince and princess were in love with each other until a jealous demon turned the happy couple into a set of stone paddles; resembling that of the pinball kind. Suddenly, a ball came into existence that could use the prince and princess in order to defeat the demons that now rule over the kingdom.

Gameplay

Players have to use two paddles; the upper one is used to defeat demons while the lower one helps to prevent the player from dropping to its demise at the bottom of the board. By defeating bad guys and smashing through breakable blocks, the player advances towards the boss of each level.

Resembling a harder version of Arkanoid, the vertically scrolling screen forces the ball to move constantly forward in an attempt to reach the boss.

Players can choose between three difficulty levels in the Game Gear version and can also select an option to do a time trial. The Sega Mega Drive sequel adds a two-player option.

References

1991 video games
1992 video games
Breakout clones
Fantasy video games
Game Gear games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Sage's Creation games
Top-down video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Hitoshi Sakimoto
Cárcamo de Dolores. The Cárcamo de Dolores (Sump of Dolores) is a hydraulic structure located on the Second Section of Chapultepec Park, in Mexico City, comprising the building designed by architect Ricardo Rivas, inside the originally underwater mural Agua, el origen de la vida ("Water, source of life") of Mexican muralist Diego Rivera, the art installation Cámara Lambdoma by Ariel Guzik, and in outside, the Tlaloc Fountain, also of Rivera.

The building was constructed in 1951 to commemorate the end of the works in 1943 of the Lerma System, which still supply water to Mexico City and still flows in the place, but diverted from own building. It is part of the Museo de Historia Natural y Cultura Ambiental (Museum of Natural History and Environmental Culture).

See also
 Mexican muralism
 Diego Rivera

References

Chapultepec
Fountains in Mexico
Murals in Mexico
Works by Diego Rivera
1950s murals
Buildings and structures in Mexico City
Buildings and structures completed in 1951
Tourist attractions in Mexico City
Kanjia Lake. Kanjia Lake () is a natural lake on the northern outskirts of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. While the main lake covers , the total wetland covers , with a scuba diving facility. It has rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance, which helps maintain the city's ecology.

The lake's ecosystem is hosts to 37 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibians, 46 species of fish and three species of prawns, 10 species of sub-merged macrophytes, 14 species of floating macrophytes and 24 species of emergent macrophytes.

The lake is facing threat from uncontrolled quarrying, the dumping of solid waste and haphazard real estate construction on its fringe areas.

The lake is a part of the Nandankanan Zoological Park and is used for recreational boating by visitors.

References

Geography of Bhubaneswar
Lakes of Odisha
Wetlands of India
Dana Medal. The Dana Medal, established in 1998, is awarded by the Mineralogical Society of America and is named in honor of the contributions made by James Dwight Dana (1813–1895) and Edward Salisbury Dana (1849–1935) to the science of mineralogy. It recognizes outstanding scientific contributions through original research in the mineralogical sciences by an individual in the midst of his or her career.

Recipients
Source:

2001 – George R. Rossman
2002 – Michael F. Hochella, Jr.
2003 – Mark S. Ghiorso
2004 – R. James Kirkpatrick
2005 – William D. Carlson
2006 – Rodney C. Ewing
2007 – Frank S. Spear
2008 – Thomas Armbruster
2009 – Ronald E. Cohen
2010 – Jillian F. Banfield
2011 – Ross John Angel
2012 – Roberta Rudnick
2013 – Max W. Schmidt
2014 – Patricia M. Dove
2015 – Marc M. Hirschmann
2016 – Patrick Cordier
2016 - Sumit Chakraborty
2017 - Thomas W. Sisson
2018 - Jörg Hermann
2019 - Matthew J. Kohn
2020 - Daniela Rubatto
2021 - Sergey V. Krivovichev
2022 - Cin-Ty Lee
2023 - Razvan Caracas
2024 - Fabrizio Nestola

See also

 List of geology awards

References

Mineralogy
Geology awards
Awards established in 1998
Göktürk-1. Göktürk-1 (also Göktürk-1A) is a high resolution Earth observation satellite (greater than 50 cm) designed and developed for the Turkish Ministry of National Defence by the Italian space service company Telespazio with technological input from Turkish Aerospace Industries (TUSAŞ) and ASELSAN of Turkey.

The agreement to build Göktürk-1 was signed on July 13, 2009 between the Ministry of National Defence and Telespazio, a Finmeccanica/Thales Group joint venture company, taking effect on July 19, 2009. Thales Alenia Space is in charge of supplying the satellite bus. Within the framework of the project, a facility for assembly, integration and testing of spacecraft (UMET) up to  mass will be established in Turkey, which is considered as a critical infrastructure. The project is valued at more than € 250m.

The satellite with  resolution is intended for use of reconnaissance over any location on Earth without geographical restriction. Additionally, it will carry out various civil applications on mapping and planning, landcover survey, geology, ecosystem monitoring, disaster management, environmental control, coastal zone management, and water resources.

Dispute with Israel
Israel started a pressure campaign on the French company Thales Group, which is one of the shareholders of Telespazio. Israel expressed its fear that the high resolution imagery taken by Göktürk-1 over its territory could eventually fall into the wrong hands. Israel, which supplies some of the critical electro-optical parts of the satellite's high-technology camera system to Thales Group, stipulated that Göktürk-1 should be made incapable of taking imagery as long as it is over Israel.

Turkey, after having received such information, demanded from the contractor Thales Group that it has to prove the satellite can take imagery from any location desired. The French producer initially rejected this demand, but later decided to accept it, after the Turkish government responded by stopping the payments.

Turkish bureaucrats also requested the launch of the satellite to be made by an experienced and well-known space company. Thales Group, on the other hand, originally proposed to commission a launch company without too much experience in order to cut the costs.

Launch
After numerous delays due to political and business disputes, which were finally solved, the satellite was launched from the Guiana Space Center at 13:51:44 UTC, on 5 December 2016, on flight VV08 of the European Space Agency's Vega rocket.

Four years earlier, Göktürk-2, another Earth observation satellite of the Göktürk series (however with lower resolution compared to Göktürk-1) was successfully placed in orbit on December 18, 2012.

See also

 Göktürk-2
 Göktürk-3
 List of Earth observation satellites

References

External links
 GÖKTÜRK-1 on leonardocompany.com

Reconnaissance satellites of Turkey
Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)
Spacecraft launched in 2016
2016 in Turkey
Spacecraft launched by Vega rockets
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Cardboard bicycle. A cardboard bicycle is a bicycle composed mostly of cardboard. Only prototypes have been made .  Reported benefits include low cost, and construction from recyclable and renewable materials. The low cost is also expected to act as a theft deterrent.

Phil Bridge's prototype
In 2008, Phil Bridge created a cardboard bicycle as part of a three-year degree course in Product Design at Sheffield Hallam University. It was intended to discourage theft, supports a rider up to , and is constructed from a structural cardboard called Hexacomb. It is waterproof, but is only expected to survive six months of constant use. The drivetrain and brakes are metal, as on a conventional bike, and it rolls on standard pneumatic tires.

Izhar Gafni's prototype

In 2012, Izhar Gafni, an Israeli mechanical engineer and cycling enthusiast, unveiled a prototype bicycle made almost entirely out of cardboard in his workshop in Moshav Ahituv. The components, including  bike’s frame, wheels, handlebars and saddle, consist of sheets of cardboard folded and glued together. The complete bike weighs , and is treated to be fireproof and waterproof. Gafni reports that it can support riders up to . It has solid rubber tires made from recycled car tires. Power is transferred from the pedals to the rear wheel with a belt, also made from recycled rubber. Gafni and a business partner planned to mass-produce a bike based on the prototype and retail it for 20 USD, with a unit cost of 9 to 12 USD. The target market is low-income countries. The prototype was featured at the November 2012 Microsoft ThinkNext event in Tel Aviv.
Gafni has been trying to raise $2 million on Indiegogo to fund the project.
As of 25 June 2013, he had raised $10 thousand.
The campaign has ended with a total of $40,107 raised.

See also 

Bamboo bicycle
Bikes Not Bombs
Chukudu wooden freight bicycle
 Outline of cycling
Wooden bicycle
World Bicycle Relief

References

External links 

CardboardTechnologies

Bicycles
Paper products
Paper recycling
Products introduced in 2012
Renewable resources
Vehicles made of paper
Micrometer adjustment nut. On a manual milling machine, the micrometer adjustment nut limits the depth to which the cutting tool may plunge into the workpiece. 

The nut is located on a threaded rod on the mill head. The machine operator moves it up or down by rotating it clockwise (to move it down) or counter-clockwise (to move it up). Moving the nut down increases the depth to which the cutting tool may plunge into the workpiece. Moving the nut up reduces the depth to which the cutting tool may plunge into the workpiece.

References

Machine tools