omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DB Class 23. The steam locomotives of Class 23 were German passenger train locomotives developed in the 1950s for the Deutsche Bundesbahn. They had a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement and were equipped with Class 2'2' T 31 tenders. They were designed to replace the once ubiquitous Prussian P 8 engines that had been built between 1908 and 1924 and, in their day, were the most numerous post-war replacement class.

Manufacture and Design

From 1950, 105 examples of this newly designed class were manufactured for medium passenger train and light express train services. They had welded locomotive frames, boilers and tenders together with all the latest refinements of German practice. These included a superheated multiple-valve regulator and central lubrication of the least accessible parts of the running gear. Engines up to operating number 023 had Knorr surface preheaters and journal bearings. Locomotives with serial numbers 024 and 025, as well as those from 053 onwards were equipped with roller bearings for the axles and drive as well as mixer-preheaters. A small number of vehicles were given Heinl preheaters and several were equipped for push-pull train operations.

Last new steam locomotive in West Germany

Locomotive number 23 105, built by Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik and taken into service by the DB in December 1959, was the last steam engine to enter service in the Federal Republic of Germany. After its retirement it was stabled at the Nuremberg Transport Museum where it was severely damaged by the great fire in the locomotive shed on 17 October 2005.

Reclassification and retirement

On the introduction of the new DB numbering scheme on 1 January 1968 the class was redesignated as Class 023. The last few locomotives were retired in 1976 at Crailsheim locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk or Bw).

Preserved locomotives

The following engines had been preserved as at September 2006:

 23 019 in the German Steam Locomotive Museum (Deutsche Dampflokomotiv-Museum) at Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.
 23 023 at the Stoom Stichting Nederland in Rotterdam, Netherlands  (operational since March 2019).
 23 029 as a monument in front of the technical school in Aalen, Germany.
 23 042 at the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum in Hesse, Germany (operational).
 23 058 with EUROVAPOR in Basel-Haltingen, Switzerland, is looked after by Club 41 073 e. V. (operational). Rented to the Friese Stoomtrein Maatschappij (FStM) in the Netherlands.
 23 071 with the Veluwsche Stoomtrein Maatschappij in Apeldoorn, Netherlands (operational).
 23 076 also with the Veluwsche Stoomtrein Maatschappij in Apeldoorn (operational since June 2007).
 23 105 in the South German Railway Museum at Heilbronn (Süddeutsches Eisenbahnmuseum Heilbronn) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (on loan from the DB until 2016).

See also
 Deutsche Bundesbahn
 List of DB locomotives and railbuses

References

 

23
2-6-2 locomotives
023
Henschel locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Arnold Jung locomotives
Esslingen locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1950
Passenger locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C1′ h2 locomotives
Petals ESB. Petals ESB is an open-source ESB developed by Linagora. It is a tool for implementing a service-oriented architecture (SOA). It is standard, modular, and physically distributed, to adapt to large-scale infrastructures.

Petals ESB is based on JBI (JSR 208) industry specification. It was the first ESB certified by Sun Microsystems under the JSR 208 TCK. Based on standards, it also supports SOA standards such as BPMN and Enterprise Integration Patterns capabilities.

Fractal deployment framework, JBI pluggable components, and open source licensing make it modular and customizable.

The originality of Petals is to implement a highly distributed topology. The first stable version of Petals ESB, called PEtALS, was released on September 21, 2006.

Features
PEtALS main technical features :
 Scalable for large architectures, due to distributed topology
 JBI certified by Sun Microsystems
 Development tools: JBI component framework, Eclipse configuration plugin,
 Operating tools: Petals CLI, Petals Cockpit
 Quality of service: High availability (load balancing), Persistence, Security,
 Adaptable: Fractal modular framework, JBI plugins
 Connectors: SOAP (Web services), Rest, Local File, FTP/SFTP, HTTP, Quartz, JMS, SMTP/POP/IMAP, JDBC/SQL, EJB. Compatible with JBI plugins.
 Processing components : BPMN (Flowable), EIP (Apache Camel), XSLT, XSD validation, POJO/JSR181, RMI.

See also
Enterprise Integration Patterns
Enterprise Messaging System
Message Oriented Middleware
Mule
Servicemix
OpenESB
Guaraná DSL

References

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20150406045742/http://petals.ow2.org/index.html
ESB White paper, Adrien Louis, EBM Websourcing
article: Open Source Middleware tends PEtALS, CNET, Matthew Broersma, 26 October 2006
announcement: Version 2.0 of PEtALS ESB available

OW2
Java enterprise platform
Service-oriented architecture-related products
Enterprise application integration
Frank M. Williams. Frank Martin Williams (April 11, 1873 – February 20, 1930) was an American lawyer, civil engineer and politician from New York. He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1909 to 1910, and from 1915 to 1922.

Biography
He was born on April 11, 1873, in Verona, New York.

He graduated from Colgate University in 1895. Then he studied law at Oneida, New York, graduated from Syracuse University College of Law in 1897, but did not practice. In 1898, he entered the Department of the State Engineer and rose through the ranks up to Resident Engineer.

He was State Engineer and Surveyor from 1909 to 1910, and from 1915 to 1922, elected on the Republican ticket in 1908, defeated for re-election in 1910 and 1912 by Democrat John A. Bensel, and elected again in 1914, 1916, 1918 and 1920.

From 1911 to 1914, he was engaged in the construction of highways in Ohio.

He died on February 20, 1930, in Albany, New York. He was buried at the Glenwood Cemetery in Oneida.

External links
 His appointments, in NYT on December 25, 1908
 The Rep. state convention, with short bios of the nominees, in NYT on September 28, 1912

1873 births
1930 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Syracuse University College of Law alumni
American civil engineers
People from Verona, New York
Colgate University alumni
New York (state) Republicans
Morane-Saulnier I. The Morane-Saulnier I, also known as the Morane-Saulnier Type I was a French fighter of the 1910s. Essentially a modified Morane-Saulnier N, the Royal Flying Corps possessed a number of them in World War I.

Development
Largely on the advice of Lord Trenchard, the Royal Flying Corps placed an order in 1916 for a more powerful version of the popular Morane-Saulnier N. Morane-Saulnier responded by fitting a 110 hp Le Rhône engine to a Type N, creating what they called the Type I. An order was placed initially for one aircraft, expanding to thirteen by March 1916.

Operational history
However, only four aircraft were ever delivered to the RFC by July 1916, the aircraft having first flown in March of that year under RFC trials. No further production took place because the Morane-Saulnier V afforded more favourable characteristics. However, these Type Is were delivered to the front as combat aircraft and used as late as October 1916.

Variants
Morane-Saulnier I company designation
MS.6 official French government STAe designation for the I

Operators
 
 Royal Flying Corps

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography
 
Bruce, Jack. "The Bullets and the Guns". Air Enthusiast. Nine, February–May 1979. pp. 61–75.

Further reading

I
1910s French fighter aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Morane-Saulnier AC. The Morane-Saulnier AC, also known as Morane-Saulnier Type AC and MoS 23, was a French fighter of the 1910s.

Development 
The AC was conceived in mid-1916, being derived from the Type N via the unbuilt Type U. It differed from earlier single-seat Morane-Saulnier aircraft in that it had ailerons for lateral control rather than wing warping, and because of its rigid wing bracing, with a wire braced truss of steel tubes supporting the wings from below.  It appeared in autumn of that year, and was found to be aerodynamically clean.

Operational history 
The AC's first flight is unrecorded, however it is assumed that it was late summer 1916.  After initial testing thirty aircraft were ordered for the Aviation Militaire.  Although of advanced design and good performance, the AC was considered inferior to the SPAD S.VII and therefore was not adopted in quantity.  Two examples were provided to the Royal Flying Corps for evaluation.

Operators 
 
 Armée de l'Air
 
 Royal Flying Corps

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

AC
1910s French fighter aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Norwegian Contractors. Norwegian Contractors AS was a concrete gravity base (GBS) structure supplier from 1974 to 1994. Aker Marine Contractors AS (AMC) was established in 1995 and is a continuance of the marine activities in Norwegian Contractors AS.

Norwegian Contractors AS have worked on following offshore platforms:
 Ecofisk tank
Frigg 3 offshore platforms
 Statfjord A
 Statfjord B
 Statfjord C
Gullfaks A
Gullfaks B
 Oseberg A
Gullfaks C (heaviest object ever moved by mankind)
 Draugen
 Heidrun
 Hibernia-Bohrplatform (1997)
 Nordhordland-Brücke (1994)
 Sleipner A (1993)
 Snorre
 Troll A platform (1995)

See also
 Offshore concrete structure

References 

Engineering companies of Norway
Oil platforms
Morane-Saulnier AF. The Morane-Saulnier AF, also known as the Morane-Saulnier Type AF and the MoS 28 was a French First World War single-seat biplane fighter prototype from 1917.

Development
Although the fuselage was similar to that of the contemporary Morane-Saulnier Type AI parasol monoplane and preceding Morane-Saulnier AC shoulder wing monoplane, this aircraft was designed as a biplane. It was Morane-Saulnier's first single-seat fighter biplane as the company normally specialized in monoplanes.
The AF was first flown on 23 June 1917 and tested by the Aviation Militaire in late 1917 however it was passed over for production in favour of the SPAD XIII, Morane-Saulnier Type AI and Nieuport 28. In November 1917 a floatplane version of the AF was flight tested with a single central pontoon-like float, but was not adopted.

Variants
 Morane-Saulnier AC - shoulder wing fighter
 Morane-Saulnier AI - parasol wing fighter
 Morane-Saulnier AF - biplane fighter
 Morane-Saulnier AFH - floatplane version of biplane fighter

Specifications (AF)

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

1910s French fighter aircraft
AF
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Knoller C.I. 

The Knoller C.I was a reconnaissance aircraft built in Austria-Hungary during World War I for use by the Austro-Hungarian army. It was a conventional biplane design with staggered wings, and seated the pilot and observer in tandem in an open cockpit. The upper wing was swept back.

Production was undertaken at Phönix, but it was built only in small numbers before being supplanted by the Knoller C.II and not all of the examples built were actually flown, with most being placed in storage without engines.

Variants
C.I(Ph) series 25 Production by Phönix Flugzeug-Werke AG, 72 ordered, but only 16 completed.

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

Specifications (C.I(Ph))

References

Further reading
 

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Knoller aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Knoller C.II. The Knoller C.II was a reconnaissance aircraft built in Austria-Hungary during World War I for use by the Austro-Hungarian army.

Design and development
The C.II was a conventional biplane design with staggered wings, and seated the pilot and observer in tandem in an open cockpit. Like Knoller's preceding C.I design, the upper wing was swept back, but not as far as it had been on the earlier aircraft. The structure was wooden throughout, with the wings skinned in fabric and the fuselage in plywood. The interplane struts were made of steel and arranged in a warren truss configuration.

Initial production was undertaken in three batches of 24 aircraft, one each by Aviatik, Lohner, and WKF, with the first machine delivered to the Army in September 1916. On 10 February the following year, the wings of this aircraft collapsed in flight and its crew was killed in the ensuing crash, leading to production and further flying of the type to be suspended. A single example is preserved at the National Technical Museum in Prague.

Operational history
Relatively few Knoller C.II aircraft were issued to front-line units, with almost unanimous criticism of the strength, build quality and flying characteristics. Although all the contracted aircraft were built, many were stored un-assembled, due to the advent of other types with superior performance and flying qualities.

Variants
C.II(Av) series 36 Knoller C.II production, powered by  Austro-Daimler 185hp 6-cyl. engines, at Aviatik -Österreichish-Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Aviatik - 24 built.
C.II(Av) series 136 Knoller C.II production, powered by  Austro-Daimler 160hp 6-cyl. engines, at Aviatik -Österreichish-Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Aviatik - 24 contracted all stored un-assembled.
C.II(Lo) series 19 Knoller C.II production, powered by  Austro-Daimler 185hp 6-cyl. engines, at Lohner - Lohnerwerke GmbH, 16 built.
C.II(Lo) series 119 Knoller C.II production, powered by  Austro-Daimler 160hp 6-cyl. engines, at Lohner - Lohnerwerke GmbH, 32 built.
C.II(WKF) series 81 Knoller C.II production, powered by  Austro-Daimler 160hp 6-cyl. engines, at WKF - Wiener Karosserie und Flugzeugfabrik, 24 built.

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops
Flik 66/D (81.01, 81.02 and 81.04)
Flik 67/D (81.03 and 81.05)
Flek 1, 5, 8, and 18 (series 81)
Airmail flight at Aspern (81.11 and 81.23 with 4 hour fuel tank)
Flik 70 (36.08, 36.10, 36.11, 36.14 and 36.20)
Flek 5 (series 36)
Flik 50
Flieger-Versuchsabteilung Stryj

Hungarian Air Force
Hungarian 5th Air Squadron (9x series 119)

Specifications (C.II(Av) series 36)

References

Further reading

External links

 National Technical Museum in Prague page on Knoller C.II (in Czech)

Knoller aircraft
1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Mox-Linde Gases. Mox-Linde Gases Sdn. Bhd. (formerly known as Malaysia Oxygen Berhad or MOX) was a Malaysian industrial gases company. Established in 1960, MOX specializes in providing total gas solutions, namely manufacturing and distributing industrial, special and medical gases, installations of gas equipment, pipelines and engineering services. MOX also offer packaged chemicals, welding and consumables products.

MOX is a member of The Linde Group through share buyout in 2007.

MOX has 21 plants nationwide in industrial parks such as Shah Alam, Bayan Lepas, Kulim, Pasir Gudang and Kerteh. The company also has sales centers in major towns in Malaysia.

In 2010, MOX-Linde was named the Manufacturer of the Year in the large companies category by the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM).

In 2012, the company was rebranded as Linde Malaysia.

References

External links
  Linde HiQ Specialty Gases website

1960 establishments in Malaya
Chemical companies of Malaysia
Linde plc
Privately held companies of Malaysia
Energy companies established in 1960
Kochyerigin DI-6. Kochyerigin DI-6 (internal designation TsKB-11; ) was a two-seat fighter biplane produced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.

Design and development

The DI-6 was a conventional single-bay biplane of mixed construction with cable-retracted main landing gear. The pilot and the tail gunner sat in tandem cockpits, the pilot's open, and the gunner's partially enclosed. To maximize the gunner's arc of fire, the rear cockpit was set lower in the fuselage than the pilot's.

The DI-6 was developed at TsKB as a fighter that would also be capable of ground attack when fitted with different armament. Originally intended to use a liquid-cooled V-12 engine, problems with its development led to the choice of the Wright R-1820 radial engine instead. The first flight took place on 30 September 1934, and testing began in earnest in early 1935, with State Acceptance Trials following between May and November. Despite a number of weaknesses discovered during testing, the type was ordered into production, and deliveries to the Soviet Air Force commenced in the spring of 1937. Problems including excessive vibration, and a poor field of fire for the gunner, were never adequately resolved, and the various fixes implemented to cure these and other problems eventually added around 160 kg (350 lb) to the aircraft's weight. Production continued until 1939.

Operational history
Pre-Glasnost Western sources often reported these aircraft as having participated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol against Japan in 1939, and even in the Winter War against Finland in 1939–1940, but more recent scholarship has failed to uncover any evidence that it was deployed in either case.

Surviving examples
A replica DI-6 is displayed in Victory Park, at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow.

Variants
DI-6bis
Trainer with fixed landing gear.
DI-6Sh (TsKB-11Sh, TsKB-38)
Ground attack variant with armored pilot's seat and four forward-firing PV-1 machine guns under the bottom wing; 60 built.
DI-6MMSh
One prototype with M-300 X engine, did not enter production.

Operators

Soviet Air Force

Specifications (DI-6)

References

 
 Russian Aviation Museum 
 Уголок неба
 

1930s Soviet fighter aircraft
Kochyerigin aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Civionics. Civionics is the combination of civil engineering with electronics engineering, in a manner similar to avionics (aviation and electronics) and mechatronics (mechanical engineering and electronics). An emerging discipline, the main application area of civionics is currently the use of electronics for structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil structures, particularly photonics (Fiber Optic Bragg Grating).

In SHM, Civionics provides engineers with the feedback necessary to aid in optimised design techniques and an understanding of infrastructure performance, behaviour and state of condition. The successful integration of intelligent sensing of innovative structures allows civil structural engineers to expand the design envelope by taking risks when introducing new design concepts, materials and innovation.

Civionic engineering applications include integrating science and technology from both new and traditional disciplines, including civil, structural, and electronics engineering; structural health monitoring, deformation monitoring, data acquisition, signal processing, metrology, telemetry, remote sensing, and other applications.

See also
Automatic Deformation Monitoring System
Wireless sensor network
Embedded system
Fiber Bragg grating
Accelerometer
Transducer
Tensometer

References

External links 
  ISIS Civionics Manual
 ISHMII - International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure
 Chad Klowak, Getting Bridges to Talk
 Graz University of Technology, Civionics Course
 NCE Annual Report 2005-2006

Engineering disciplines
Civil engineering
Structural engineering
Admiralty Park. Admiralty Park is a national park in Singapore that is 27 hectares in size It is made unique by its river valley shaped hilly terrain.

Background
This feature reflects the history of the site, as it used to have Sungei Cina running through it. Visitors can use the main circulation path constructed alongside the valley.

The park has a nature area spanning 20 hectares in size, the biggest nature area within a park in Singapore. Much of the park is mangrove swamp. Three boardwalks cut through the mangrove, providing places for observing and appreciating the flora and fauna with minimal disturbance of the habitat. The park works closely with neighbouring Republic Polytechnic, which is also the adopter of the park under the adopt-a-park scheme. One collaboration with them has been the Admiralty Park E-Guide, an online guide to the plants in the park produced by students from the School of Applied Science.

Admiralty Park is also used for sports recreation purposes and to facilitate this there are fitness stations and a running track.  Concerts and performances and hiking and nature walks also take place.  Wi-Fi hotspots for visitors are provided at locations around the park. The park has been designated with the code 9V-0001 by the international Parks On The Air award program, and so is regularly 'activated' by Amateur Radio operators using portable equipment.

Getting there (via public transportation)
The park is a 9-minute walk from Woodlands North MRT station via Republic Polytechnic and a 15-minute walk from Woodlands MRT station. The closest bus stop is Opp Progen Bldg, which serves buses 903 and 903M and is located at the doorstep of the park.

See also
List of Parks in Singapore

References

Parks in Singapore
Woodlands, Singapore
F20. F20, F-20, F.XX, or F-XX may refer to:

 F20 manual transmission, a General Motors transmission
 Northrop F-20 Tigershark, a combat aircraft
 Farmall F-20, a model of Farmall tractor
 Fokker F.XX, a Dutch airliner
 Fujifilm FinePix F20, a digital camera
 , a British ship
 Schizophrenia ICD-10 code
 BMW 1 Series (F20)
 A Honda F engine
 Fluorine-20 (F-20 or 20F), an isotope of fluorine
 F20 (full, F20T12) is a very common size of 24" x 1.5" (610mm x 38mm) fluorescent lamp used in many parts of the world.

See also
 F/A-XX, an American development and acquisition program for a sixth-generation jet fighter
 FXX (disambiguation)
 20F (disambiguation)
F21. F21 or F-21 may refer to :

Aviation
 F 21 Luleå, a Swedish Air Force wing
 IAI F-21 Kfir, a 1973 Israeli-built all-weather, multi-role combat aircraft
 Lockheed Martin F-21, a variant of the F-16 designed for the Indian Air Force
 KAI KF-21 Boramae, a South Korean/Indonesian stealth fighter currently under development
 Farman F.21 Moustique II, a French interwar airplane
 Taylorcraft F-21, an American light aircraft

Nautical
 F21 (torpedo), a torpedo developed for the French Navy
 , a 1937 British Royal Navy Tribal-class destroyer
 , a Venezuelan navy frigate
 , an Indian Navy Godavari-class frigate
 , a Taiwanese navy destroyer

Land transport
 F-21 (Michigan county highway)
 BMW Series 1, that had a model code called "F21"

Other uses
 Schizotypal personality disorder, whose ICD-10 code is "F21"
 Fluorine-21 (F-21 or 21F), an isotope of fluorine

See also

 Shenyang J-21, 5th generation fighter, also referred to as the "F-21"
 
 
 
 21 (disambiguation)
F25. F25 may refer to:

Vehicles 
Aircraft
 Fokker F.25, a Dutch passenger monoplane

Automobiles
 BMW X3 (F25), a German SUV

Ships
 , a Mariscal Sucre-class frigate of the Venezuelan Navy
 , an Ulsan-class frigate of the Bangladesh Navy
 , a submarine depot ship of the Royal Navy
 , a Kasturi-class corvette of the Royal Malaysian Navy

Other uses 
 Feuerlilie F-25, a German anti-aircraft missile
 Fluorine-25 (25F), an isotope of fluorine
 Getrag F25 transmission, a General Motors transmission
 Schizoaffective disorder
F26. F26 may refer to:

Ships 
 , a Mariscal Sucre-class frigate of the Venezuelan Navy
 , a Tribal-class destroyer of the Royal Navy
 , an armed merchant cruiser of the Royal Navy
 , a Type 16 frigate of the Royal Navy
 , a Kasturi-class corvette of the Royal Malaysian Navy

Other uses 
 F-26 (Michigan county highway)
 BMW X4 (F26), a German SUV
 F26A graph, a symmetric graph
 Fluorine-26 (26F), an isotope of fluorine
 Fokker F26, an early Dutch jet airliner design
 Route F26 (Iceland), a highland road in Iceland