omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sinclair Park. Sinclair Park, also known as Sinclair Heights, was a segregated community in Bremerton, Washington. It was built as a housing project during World War II and was demolished in 1948.

History 
At the onset of World War II, the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton processed large numbers of incoming workers, nearly quintupling Bremerton's population. In response to the suddenly increased demand for housing, the city established a housing authority and began building a series of housing projects for the workers. The rapid expansion included substantial diversification of the area. Between 1940 and 1945, the number of Black residents in Bremerton grew from just seven to 4,500. As the city grew more diverse, the number of racist incidents also increased.

In 1943, Sinclair Park was constructed, consisting of 280 homes overlooking Sinclair Inlet. The community became racially segregated almost immediately; a policy that was commonplace in defense housing developments. While the segregation was never explicitly codified, by 1944 over 80% of Black families placed in city housing were placed in Sinclair Park. The community did not have bus service and was several miles from the closest grocers' and schools. The few businesses that were close to the area would sometimes charge higher prices to Sinclair Park's residents and the local property manager delegated maintenance to the residents themselves, unlike other Bremerton housing projects at the time.

Every housing development built in this time included a community center. Sinclair Park's community center, nicknamed "The Armory," was one of the first buildings designed by NBBJ. Jazz musician Quincy Jones, whose father had moved their family to Sinclair Park for work, first played piano at the community center. Jones later described the experience in his autobiography, saying "That's where I began to find peace. I was eleven. I knew this was it for me. Forever."

Legacy 
After World War II ended, all housing projects developed by the city for shipyard workers were desegregated, including Sinclair Park. In 1947 some of the homes were sold to veterans under the condition they were removed from the site and transported elsewhere, however, few were ultimately purchased. The following year the houses left standing were demolished and the community center was repurposed as an armory for the Washington National Guard before being demolished itself in 2002. A photo collage wall at the Bremerton Readiness Center depicts Sinclair Park.

References

External links 

 Sinclair Project at the Kitsap County Historical Society

Bremerton, Washington
1943 establishments in Washington (state)
1948 disestablishments in Washington (state)
African-American segregation in the United States
Knud Lonberg-Holm. Knud Lonberg-Holm (January 15, 1895 – January 2, 1972) was a Danish-American Modernist architect, photographer, and designer. He was called "the father of information design" and "one of Buckminster Fuller's greatest influences".

Biography 

Knud Lonberg-Holm was born in 1895 in Denmark. From 1912 to 1915 he attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied architecture and engineering. One of his early designs was of a shipyard in Copenhagen. His early works were associated with De Stijl and Berlin's Constructivist movements. Lonberg-Holm emigrated to the US in 1923. In 1924-25 he taught a course on design at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, based on  Bauhaus ideas. He was one of the founders of the International Congress for Modern Architecture. In the 1920s he travelled through a number of American cities with a camera and "took worm's-eye views and extreme close-ups of skyscrapers, the back sides of buildings, fire escapes, billboards, and dazzling 'lightscapes', ignoring—for the most part—the facades of the buildings." Some of his photos were published in Erich Mendelsohn's 1926 book Amerika: Bilderbuch eines Architekten; he did not receive credits for his works in the first edition.

Lonberg-Holm worked at F.W. Dodge Corporation for more than 30 years. He, together with C. Theodore Larson, was commissioned to develop "a systematic approach to organizing the information needed by the building industry." This became known as an information design.

Buckminster Fuller called Lonberg-Holm a "really great architect of the Nysky (New York skyscraper) age". In his book Scope of Total Architecture, Walter Gropius, identified Lonberg-Holn and Richard Neutra, as "men of outstanding initiative" who were "carrying on" the Modern Movement in the United States of America.

References

External links 
 Knud Lonberg-Holm: ‘The Invisible Architect’
 Rediscovering Knud Lönberg-Holm
 Knud Lönberg-Holm Papers, 1908-1977, University of Michigan Library.

20th-century Danish architects
20th-century American photographers
1895 births
1972 deaths
Danish emigrants to the United States
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
20th-century American architects
List of bridges in Germany. This list of bridges in Germany lists bridges of particular historical, scenic, architectural or engineering interest. Road and railway bridges, viaducts, aqueducts and footbridges are included.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 200 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Notes and references 
 Notes

 

 Others references

See also 

 Transport in Germany
 Roads in Germany
 Rail transport in Germany
 Geography of Germany
 :de:Liste der längsten Straßenbrücken in Deutschland  - List of longest road bridges in Germany
 :de:Liste der längsten Eisenbahnbrücken in Deutschland  - List of longest railway bridges in Germany
 :de:Liste der höchsten Brücken in Deutschland  - List of highest bridges in Germany
 List of bridges by river: de:Alster, de:Danube, de:Elbe, de:Hinterrhein, de:Lahn, de:Main, de:Moselle, de:Neckar, de:Saale, de:Rhine, de:Ruhr, de:Vorderrhein, de:Wupper, de:Wied
 List of bridges by city: :de:Berlin, de:Bremerhaven, de:Eschweiler, de:Hamburg, de:Munich
 List of bridges by type: de:Moveable bridge
 List of bridges by period: de:historic Rhine bridges, de:medieval stone bridges

External links

Further reading 
Magazine
 
 
Books
 
 
 
 
 

Germany
 
Bridges
Bridges
Luther D. Lovekin. Luther Daniel Lovekin (March 29, 1869-November 19, 1937) was an American marine engineer and inventor.  

Lovekin won the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1904, John Scott Medal in 1907 for his inventions. Lovekin was born in the United Kingdom and came to the United States as a child, and started working in the shipbuilding field in the 1880s. He was named chief engineer at the New York Shipbuilding Corporation in 1900. During World War I, he moved to the American International Shipbuilding Corporation as vice president and advisory engineer.(21 November 1937). L. D. LOVEKIN DEAD; SHIP DESIGNER, 68; Inventor of Apparatus Used Widely at Sea Is Stricken at Villanova, Pa., The New York Times He was also president of the Lovekin Pipe Expanding and Flanging Machine Company.Who's who in Philadelphia, p. 21 (1920) (lists birthdate of March 29, 1869)

Charles A. Stone of Stone & Webster once referred to Lovekin as "the greatest marine engineer in the world."

He died at his home in Villanova, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1937, after a four year illness, at age 68.

References

1869 births
1937 deaths
American marine engineers
People from Villanova, Pennsylvania
British emigrants to the United States
Magnetic chicane. A magnetic chicane also called a bunch compressor helps form dense bunches of electrons in a free-electron laser.  A magnetic chicane makes electrons detour slightly from their otherwise straight path, and in that way is similar to a chicane on a road.  

A magnetic chicane consists of four dipole magnets, giving electrons at the beginning of a bunch a longer path than electrons at the end of the bunch, thereby allowing the lagging electrons to catch up.

Free-electron laser
A free-electron laser depends upon a beam of tightly bunched electrons.  Short bunches of electrons are produced by a photoinjector, but they quickly elongate, because electrons have negative charge and little mass, causing the bunch to expand.  As the bunch is accelerated, the electrons gain mass and quickly approach the speed of light.  After that, electrons at the end of the bunch cannot go any faster to catch up with electrons at the beginning of the bunch.

Chirp
This problem is solved by adjusting the phase of the driving electric field to more strongly add energy and mass to electrons at the trailing end of the bunch.  This is called negative energy chirp, meaning the energy decreases along the direction of beam travel.  Because the beam is traveling at almost the speed of light, the trailing electrons gain mass, rather than velocity.  This results in a correlation between mass and position in the bunch.

Chicane
The chicane gives lagging electrons time to catch up.  More massive electrons are deflected less by the magnetic field than lighter electrons, and therefor take a shorter path through the chicane, resulting in a shorter bunch.  A chicane consists of four dipole magnets with the following roles:

 Deflects the beam slightly away from the central axis of the accelerator, with lighter electrons deflected more than more massive electrons.
 Deflects the beam in the opposite direction, making it parallel to the central axis, but with an offset.  The offset is greatest for lighter electrons.
 Deflects the beam back towards the central axis.
 Deflects the beam back in the direction of the central axis.

Limitations
In practice, bunch compression cannot be done a single step.  To avoid beam emittance blowup, beam compression is usually done by using two chicanes.

References

External links
RF and Space Charge Emittance in Guns, a basic definition of emittance
Space Charge Induced Beam Emittance Growth and Halo Formation

Electron beam
Free-electron lasers
Accelerator physics
Djeffal Fayçal. Djeffal Fayçal is an Algerian professor of Engineering Technology & Applied Sciences at the University of Batna. He is a Member of Arab-German Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a member of IEEE, a fellow of African Academy of Sciences and a beneficiary of Microsoft - TWAS - AAS Award.

Education 
He was born in Batna, Algeria in 1975. He obtained his B.Sc., M. SC and PhD  in Electronics from University of Batna in 1998, 2001 and 2006 respectively.

Scientific contributions 
He is known for his contributions in the development of a new way to study nanoscale electronic devices and circuits. His research group is credited with the development of a series of novel soft-computing-based approaches (neural networks, genetic algorithms, particle-swarm computations, neural-space mapping, fuzzy logic, and experts systems) for the modeling of nanoscale electronics devices.

Academic career 

He joined University of Batna in 2003 where he became assistant professor in 2007. In 2012 he became an associate professor and in 2020 he became a professor.

Fellowship and membership 
He is a member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Electronics, International Association of Engineers and the European Materials Research Society. He is also a Member of Arab-German Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Young The World Academy of Science fellow and a Senior Member of IEEE.

Awards and honours 
He received the Shoman Award for Arab Researchers - Engineering Sciences in 2011,  and the Microsoft-TWAS-AAS Award in 2010.

References 

Algerian scientists
University of Batna alumni
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
1975 births
Living people
Lorena Delgado Varas. Lorena Olivia Delgado Varas (born 1974) is a Swedish politician and member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Left Party, she has represented Stockholm Municipality since September 2018.

Delgado Varas is the daughter of mechanical engineer Daniel Delgado and preschool teacher Olivia Varas Acosta. She was educated in Temuco in Chile and studied chemical engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. She was quality assistant at Fresenius Kabi in 2010 and has been a quality engineer at AstraZeneca since 2011. She was a member of the municipal council in Stockholm Municipality between 2014 and 2018.

References

1974 births
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Living people
Members of the Riksdag 2018–2022
Members of the Riksdag 2022–2026
Members of the Riksdag from the Left Party (Sweden)
Politicians from Stockholm
Women members of the Riksdag
21st-century Swedish women politicians
Indian Skill Development Service. The Indian Skill Development Services or 'ISDS'  is one of the gazetted Central Civil Services (technical) under Group 'A' of the executive branch of the Government of India. It's is newest Central service. This service is created for training directorate of Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

The appointment to this service is done through Combined Engineering Services Exam held every year by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India.

It has 263 all India posts, the cadre comprises 3 post at senior administrative grade while 28 are at junior grade. While 120 posts at Senior Time Scale and 112 posts at Junior Time Scale.

Generally they are inducted through training at Administrative Training Institute, Mysuru. The first batch was inducted in 2019.

See also 
 Entrepreneurship
 National Skill Development Corporation
 List of Indian entrepreneurs

References 

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Submarine detection system. Submarine detection systems are an aspect of antisubmarine warfare. They are of particular importance in nuclear deterrence, as they directly undermine one of the three arms of the nuclear triad by making counter-force attacks on submarines possible.

Types of system 
They break down into two broad categories; acoustic and non-acoustic.

Acoustic systems in turn break down into active sonar systems and passive sonar systems  designed to detect the acoustic signature of submarines such as SOSUS.

Non-acoustic systems can work on a variety of different physical principles, including the use of magnetic anomaly detectors and systems such as SOKS, which are believed to work by detecting phenomena such as trace chemicals, heat changes, and radioactivity left in a submarine's wake. There is evidence that some Royal Navy submarines are fitted with wake-detection systems.

References

Further reading 
 Soviet Antisubmarine Warfare: Current Capabilities And Priorities, 1972 CIA report, declassified and published in 1995

External links
Submarine Detection and Monitoring: Open-Source Tools and Technologies, at NPI.org

Anti-submarine warfare
Military technology
Nuclear warfare
Driss Bensari. Driss Ben-Sari FAAS FTWAS (, born 1942) is a Moroccan professor of Geophysics at the Department of Civil Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat.

Life and career 

Ben-Sari was born in Taza, Morocco in 1942. He obtained his first degree in Geographical Sciences from National Institute of Geography, France in 1965. He received his master's degree in Applied Geophysics from the French Institute of Petroleum, before completing a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Physical Sciences at the University of Grenoble in 1977.

Ben-Sari then returned to Morocco, and he has been a professor of Geophysics at the Department of Civil Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, since 1978.

Ben-Sari served as Coordinator of the International Centre of Sciences and High Technology, and a Director of the Moroccan Institute of Astronomy, the National alert network for earthquakes, and the National Centre for Research and Planning of Science. He is member of the Society for Technical Communication, International Council for Science, and Independent World Commission on the Ocean.

Ben-Sari published his memoirs: Vivid memories (), testimonies and experiences of a lifetime.

Awards and honours 
Ben-Sari was elected a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (FAAS) in 1987, and Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) in 1988. Ben-Sari received the Scientific Grand Prize of Morocco.

References 

Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
TWAS fellows
1942 births
Living people
List of third-party Micro Channel computers. This is a list of computer systems based on the Micro Channel architecture that were  manufactured by IBM. Such third-party computers were also referred to as PS/2 clones or MCA clones. The first third-party Micro Channel–based computer was Tandy Corporation's 5000 MC in July 1988. Despite expensive research and development costs on the part of third-party manufacturers of Micro Channel computers—in part due to the expensive licensing fees incurred by IBM in order to allow legal use of their technology—by 1990 most MCA clones were not fully compatible with the Micro Channel architecture or expansion cards and peripherals based on Micro Channel. By the time IBM was winding down the PS/2 line of personal computers (which in 1987 acted as the means of introducing Micro Channel to the general public) in 1992, NCR Corporation remained one of the few committed vendors of MCA clones.

Systems

See also
 List of IBM PS/2 models

Notes

References

IBM PS/2
Third-party Micro Channel computers
Buyskes-class hydrographic survey vessel. The Buyskes class was a class of two hydrographic survey vessels that were part of the Dutch Hydrographic Service of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Together with  the ships of this class were the main ships of the Dutch Hydrographic Service during the last quarter of the 20th century. While the ships of the Buyskes class were built for performing hydrographic research, the Tydeman was focused on oceanography.

Design and construction
Both ships were built at Boele's Scheepwerven en Machinefabriek B.V. in Bolnes and replaced the hydrographic survey vessels of the . They were equipped with the automated "Hydraut" system that allowed them to perform hydrographic measuring. The data this system gathered was used to make detailed maps. However, in comparison to Tydeman the Buyskes-class ships were deemed less modern.

The Buyskes undertook her sea trials in January 1973, while the Blommendal did her sea trials in April 1973. In the same year both ships were taken into service of the Royal Netherlands Navy.

Service history
The ships were  active in the North Sea.

Blommendal was decommissioned on 15 December 1999. She was followed by Buyskes four years later on 11 December 2003.

Blommendal was sold to a maritime foundation, Het Maritiem Kwartier, as a tool to keep the history of older vessels alive and educate people about them. She remained laid up near the NDSM yard in Amsterdam until 2016 when she was scrapped in Haarlem.

In 2004 Buyskes was sold to the Latvian Navy and renamed .

Ships in class

Notes

Citations

References
 
 
 

Survey ships
Survey vessels of the Royal Netherlands Navy
Vinod Vaikuntanathan. Vinod Vaikuntanathan is a professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a principal investigator at the  MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. His work is focused on cryptography, including homomorphic encryption. He is the co-recipient of the 2022 Gödel Prize, together with Zvika Brakerski and Craig Gentry. He also co-founded the data start-up Duality, which utilizes technologies he developed revolving around homomorphic encryption.

Education 
Vaikuntanathan received his bachelor's degree in computer science from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2003 and his Ph.D in computer science in 2009 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Shafi Goldwasser. From 2008 to 2010, he was a Josef Raviv postdoctoral fellow at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, and from 2010 to 2011, a researcher at Microsoft Research. From Fall 2011 to Spring 2013, he was a professor at the University of Toronto. In Fall 2013, he joined the faculty at MIT.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gödel Prize laureates
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Dongfeng E-Star. The Dongfeng E-Star is an electric urban distribution truck manufactured by Chinese state-owned Dongfeng Motor Corporation under the "Captain" EV series of the DFAC Dongfeng Automobile Company brand.

Overview
The E-Star can carry up to 4.25 tonnes, but has been scaled down to 3.5 tonnes so it can also be driven with a category B licence. It has a separate chassis on which different body types can be fitted. The electric propulsion system consists of a  motor with an instant torque of  and a range of up to .

References

External links
 Official website

Production electric cars
Cars of China
Dongfeng vehicles
Skyranger 35. The Skyranger 35 is a short range air defence turret system developed by Rheinmetall Air Defence AG (formerly Oerlikon).

Design 
A mobile version of the Skyshield air defense system, it is based on a turret equipped with a 35 mm revolver cannon, based on the 35/1000 revolver gun. It can be elevated up to 85° with 360° rotation. The unmanned turret weighs 4.25 tonnes loaded and is controlled by two operators inside the vehicle. The gun is optimized to fire AHEAD (Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction) ammunition, an airburst round that releases a cloud of sub-projectiles just ahead of a target, enabling it to engage conventional as well as low, slow and small (LSS) air threats including UAVs and perform C-RAM duties.

The cannon can fire single-shots, rapid single shots at 200 rounds per minute or at a maximum rate of 1,000 rounds per minute. It has an effective range of 4,000 m. Skyranger 35 vehicles have an integrated sensor suite, consisting of an X-band or Ku-band tracking radar with a range out to 30 km and an EO/IR camera with a laser rangefinder and automatic target tracking. The turret carries 252 rounds. It can be mounted on various wheeled and tracked vehicles. Prototypes were integrated on the Piranha IIIH, Piranha IV and Boxer 8×8 armored personnel carriers and the Leopard 2 tank chassis.

In 2021, the Skyranger 30 was unveiled, which is a lighter version equipped with a 30 mm cannon and short-range surface-to-air missiles.

In September of 2023, a new version of the Skyranger 35 system was introduced with redesigned turret and Oerlikon AMMR active electronically scanned array search radar. This S-band radar has a detection range of 5 km for small drones and 20 km for fighter-sized aircraft.

Integration of the Skyranger 35 with the Leopard I platform for use by the Ukrainian armed forces is also planned. This version was demonstrated in a live fire exercise on the 18th of September 2024. 10 of these airdefence vehicles are planned to be shipped to Ukraine by the end of 2024.

See also

Flakpanzer Gepard
KORKUT
Luftvärnskanonvagn (lvkv) 9040
Marksman anti-aircraft system
Nächstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS
Oerlikon GDF
PGL-12
PGZ-09
PZA Loara
Skyranger 30
Skyshield
Type 87 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun

References

External links
OERLIKON SKYRANGER® MOBILE AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM. Rheinmetall.

Weapon turrets
Titanium trisulfide. Titanium trisulfide (TiS3) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and sulfur. Its formula unit contains one Ti4+ cation, one S2− anion and one S22−.

TiS3 has a layered crystal structure, where the layers are weakly bonded to each other and can be exfoliated with an adhesive tape. The exfoliated layers have potential applications in ultrathin field-effect transistors.

Synthesis
Millimeter-long crystalline whiskers of TiS3 can be grown by chemical vapor transport at ca. 500 °C, using excess sulfur as the transporting gas.

Properties

TiS3 is an n-type semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of about 1 eV. Its individual layers are made of TiS atomic chains; hence they are anisotropic and their properties depend on the in-plane orientation. For example, in the same sample, electron mobility can be 80 cm2/(V·s) along the b-axis and 40 cm2/(V·s) along the a-axis.

References

Sulfides
Titanium(IV) compounds
Monolayers