omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
AGA Aviation LRG. 

The AGA Aviation LRG was a proposed amphibious transport glider design for the US Navy during World War II.

Development
The LRG was a design for a twin-hull amphibious glider capable of carrying 24 troops (12 in each hull). Length was to be , span was to be , and maximum speed was estimated at . Two prototypes along with a static test airframe were ordered on 23 December 1941, and a 40% scale model glider with a civil registration was built to validate the aerodynamic behavior of the LRG. However, development of the LRG and production as the Naval Air Factory LR2N was cancelled in 1943 without either the prototypes or static test airframe ever being built.

Specification (AGA LRG / NAF LR2N)

See also

References

Further reading
 

LRG
1940s United States military transport aircraft
1940s United States military gliders
Low-wing aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Helmut Krawinkler. Helmut Krawinkler (April 6, 1940 – April 16, 2012) was an Austrian-born American structural engineer.

Krawinkler was a native of Innsbruck, Austria, born on April 6, 1940. He earned an undergraduate degree from the Vienna University of Technology in 1964. Krawinkler then completed a master's degree at California State University San Jose, funded by a Fulbright Scholarship between 1965 and 1967. In 1971, he graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a doctorate and became an assistant research engineer at Berkeley. After a year as lecturer at California State University, Krawinkler joined the Stanford University faculty in 1973. 

He directed the Blume Earthquake Engineering Center from 1985 to 1995.
He was appointed John A. Blume Professor within the  Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in 1991. Krawinkler was granted emeritus status in 2007. He was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2012 "for development of performance-based earthquake engineering procedures for evaluating and rehabilitating buildings." 

That same year, Krawinkler was diagnosed with a brain tumor that necessitated surgery performed in February 2012. He died in Palo Alto, California, on April 16, 2012, while seeking further treatment.

References

1940 births
2012 deaths
Engineers from Innsbruck
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
TU Wien alumni
San Jose State University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
American structural engineers
Stanford University faculty
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Aurelie Thiele. Aurelie or Aurélie Thiele is a French engineering and decision-making professor. She is an associate professor in the engineering management and information and systems department at the Lyle School of Engineering of Southern Methodist University.

Education 
Aurelie Thiele completed a diplôme d'Ingénieur summa cum laude with a concentration in systems and control at Mines ParisTech in 1999. Her thesis was titled "Synthesis of control laws using Lyapunov functions for devices with strapdown guidance systems." Thiele's thesis advisors were Laurent Praly and Hélène Piet-Lahanier. She completed a master of science in electrical engineering and computer science in 2000 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She completed a thesis titled "Potential-driven flows in capacitated networks" with advisor George Varghese. In 2004, Thiele earned a doctor of philosophy in electrical engineering and computer science at MIT. Her dissertation was titled "A robust optimization approach to supply chains and revenue management." Her doctoral advisor was Dimitris Bertsimas.

Career 
From 2004 to 2010, Thiele was an assistant professor of industrial and systems engineering at Lehigh University. She was an associate professor at Lehigh University from 2010 to 2016. She joined the faculty at Southern Methodist University (SMU) as an associate professor in the department of engineering management information and systems in the Lyle School of Engineering. Beginning in 2013, Thiele is a certified healthcare financial professional by the Healthcare Financial Management Association.

Research
Thiele's research at Lehigh University included the use of optimization algorithms to control costs in the healthcare industry.
At SMU, she researches decision making in times of uncertainty focusing on robust optimization. She is also studying robust revenue management using choice models. Thiele is interested in predictive and prescriptive analytics.

Other activities 
Thiele is also a blogger.

Selected works

References

External links
 
Engineered: Thiele's blog
What's your story? Interview with Thiele published by INFORMS

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Expatriate academics in the United States
French electrical engineers
French women computer scientists
21st-century French engineers
20th-century French engineers
Mines Paris - PSL alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Lehigh University faculty
Southern Methodist University faculty
French women academics
French bloggers
French women bloggers
Science bloggers
21st-century science writers
21st-century French mathematicians
20th-century French mathematicians
20th-century French women mathematicians
21st-century French women mathematicians
20th-century French women engineers
21st-century French women engineers
Nihon L7P. The Nihon L7P was a Japanese military seaplane built during World War II in the early 1940s.

Design
Initially, the project, called the Experimental 13-shi Small Transport, was designed with an all-metal airframe, but this was abandoned, restarting manufacture of the fuselage from metal and the wings from wood. The wing position was also raised to above the fuselage. The L7P was powered by two  Nakajima Kotobuki 41 radial engines.

Development
In 1938, the command of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) issued specifications for a 13-shi Small Transport. The team of designers at Nihon Hikoki Kabushiki Kaisha (Nippi) under the leadership of Asahi Tsunashima designed the aircraft using the hull of the Fairchild XA-942B, which had been purchased in 1936 and used by the IJNAS as the LXF1. 

Due to the workload of the company working on the design of the Nippi K8Nil (12-shi Experimental Training Seaplane), work on the L7P progressed slowly, but the first prototype was ready in February 1942. The tests that took place at the 1st Maritime Aviation Arsenal in Kamisaguri were unsuccessful, revealing the poor characteristics of the aircraft. The IJNAS rejected the L7P, as the requirements for this type of aircraft changed. The second prototype of the aircraft remained unfinished and was dismantled for scrap.

Specifications

References

Aircraft first flown in 1942
High-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
1940s Japanese military transport aircraft
CS2. CS2 may refer to:

Software and video games 
Counter-Strike 2, a 2023 first-person shooter computer game
Cities: Skylines II, a 2023 city management computer game 
 CS2, Adobe Creative Suite's second version, a graphic software suite

Chemistry 

 Carbon disulfide, CS2, an inorganic compound
 Dicaesium, Cs2, an allotrope of elemental caesium
 CS2, a siliconized, micro-pulverized form of CS gas

See also 
 CS2, the former name of a cycle route in London, now known as C2
 CS-2, a supercomputer system architecture by Meiko Scientific

 , a Wikipedia project page
Albatros (1963 hydrofoil). Albatros was an Italian-built hydrofoil in service with the Compagnie générale de navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN), commissioned for Expo 64. After initial success, technical difficulties and a flagging number of users led to her decommissioning. She was then sold to a French company in 1972.

History 
In the early 1960, the imminence of Expo 64 led to a number of engineering projects being started in the vicinity of Lausanne. In the contexte, the Compagnie générale de navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN), which operates both historical steam paddle ships and modern liners on the Lake of Geneva, was studying the commissioning of a modern unit. On 10 May 1962, its extraordinary assembly of shareholders decided on ordering a hydrofoil. The chosen design was by Leopoldo Rodriquez, from Messina, for a 1.2 million CHF budget.

Albatros was built during the year 1963. On 8 February 1964, she departed Messina for her maiden journey to Marseille, thus becoming the first CGN ship sailing the open sea. Upon arriving in Marseille, she was lifted on a truck and brought to Lausanne by road.

On 16 April, Albatros was put in service as a shuttle on the Vidy-Évian line. Her draft would prevent from entering the roads of Gevena in most conditions. In 1970, due to a diminishing public, CGN decided to sell Albatros.

In 1972, Albatros was sold to a company of Lavandou.

Notes and references

Bibliography 
 Jacques Christinat, Bateaux du Léman, deux siècles de Navigation, collection Archives vivantes, Éditions Cabédita, Yens-sur-Morges, 1991, , pp. 196–197

External links 
 
 
 

Hydrofoils
1963 ships
Ships built in Italy
Ship names
Craig H. Benson. Craig H. Benson is an American environmental engineer.

He studied civil engineering at Lehigh University and completed his master's and doctoral degrees at the University of Texas at Austin. Benson taught at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was named  Wisconsin Distinguished Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geological Engineering. He has served as chief editor of the Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 

Benson was elected to membership within the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2012, "for improvements in design, construction, and monitoring of earthen liners and covers for municipal hazardous and radioactive waste landfills." 

In 2015, Benson accepted an appointment as dean of the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, as well as the Janet and John Hamilton Professorship of Civil and Environmental Engineering. 

In 2018, Benson was a finalist for the University of Missouri's vacant provost position. Later that year, he was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Environmental engineers
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Virginia faculty
Lehigh University alumni
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
American academic journal editors
Automatic Electric Company Building. The Automatic Electric Company Building, located at 1000 W. Van Buren Street in Chicago, Illinois, is the original headquarters of the Automatic Electric Company. The company developed and popularized the automatic telephone exchange in the early 20th century. Inventor Almon Strowger had begun producing and selling automatic switches in the 1890s, but never had a permanent factory; when he helped form the Automatic Electric Company in 1901, the company constructed the building on Van Buren as a factory and headquarters. As Illinois Bell, the largest telephone company in Chicago, did not wish to contract with them, the company grew its market by selling to smaller independent telephone companies in the city. Over the next two decades, it expanded to national and then international customers, and after an employee strike in 1919 the Bell System ultimately became a customer as well. The company used the building as its headquarters until 1957, when it moved to a complex in Northlake.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2002.

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
Industrial buildings completed in 1901
Novolak. Novolaks (sometimes: novolacs) are low molecular weight polymers derived from phenols and formaldehyde.  They are related to Bakelite, which is more highly crosslinked.  The term comes from Swedish "lack" for lacquer and Latin "novo" for new, since these materials were envisioned to replace natural lacquers such as copal resin.

Typically novolaks are prepared by the condensation of phenol or a mixture of p- and m-cresol with formaldehyde (as formalin).  The reaction is acid catalyzed. Oxalic acid is often used because it can be subsequently removed by thermal decomposition. Novolaks have a degree of polymerization of approximately 20-40.  The branching density, determined by the processing conditions, m- vs p-cresol ratio, as well as CH2O/cresol ratio is typically around 15%.

Novolaks are especially important in microelectronics where they are used as photoresist materials. They are also used as tackifiers in rubber.

See also
 Phenol formaldehyde resin
 Epoxy

References

 
Plastics
Synthetic resins
Semiconductor device fabrication
Thermosetting plastics
James F. Pankow. James F. Pankow (born 1951) is an American environmental engineer.

Pankow studied chemistry at the State University of New York at Binghamton (1973) and earned a doctorate in engineering from the California Institute of Technology (1979). He is a professor of chemistry and engineering at Portland State University. Pankow has been an ISI highly cited researcher since 2003. In 2009, Pankow was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering "for  contributions to understanding the chemical thermodynamics of organic particulate matter in urban air and the global atmosphere."

References

1951 births
Living people
Environmental engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Portland State University faculty
Binghamton University alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Michael R. Hoffmann. Michael R. Hoffmann is an American environmental engineer. He is currently the John S. and Sherry Chen Professor of Environmental Science at the California Institute of Technology. He is one of the most highly cited engineering researchers in the world.

Hoffman obtained his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and a doctorate from Brown University, followed by postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology. He subsequently joined the faculty of the University of Minnesota until 1980, when he returned to Caltech as an associate professor. Hoffman attained full professor status in 1986, and was named James Irvine Professor of Environmental Science in 1996. In 2016, Hoffman became Theodore Y. Wu Professor of Environmental Science, which he held until his 2018 appointment as John S. and Sherry Chen Professor of Environmental Science. In 2011, Hoffman was elected member of the United States National Academy of Engineering "for oxidative treatment technologies for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water." He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2017.

References

External links 

 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Environmental engineers
California Institute of Technology faculty
Brown University alumni
Northwestern University alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Frame-based editor. A frame-based editor is a specific kind of structure editor, typically used as a source code editor for the manipulation of computer programs. Program elements are represented by frames, which form the standard atomic unit of manipulation in the editor.

Frames in the editor represent nodes in the underlying syntax tree of the language being written, such as simple statements, control structures, or methods, and are manipulated as single entities in the user interface.

The representation of frame-based programs on screen makes use of graphical and textual elements. Most fundamentally, scope is presented by graphical boxes (the "frames" that give these editors their name), but other graphical elements, including color and graphical presentation, are also employed. Manipulation of frames in frame-based editors is typically supported equally via mouse-based gestures and keyboard manipulation.

Origin 

The concept of Frame-based editing was developed at King's College London as a combination of features of standard text editors and block-based editing systems, such as Blockly and Scratch. The concept attempts to merge beneficial aspects of block and text programming in a single system.

Relation to block-based editors and text editors 

Frame-based editors are technically hybrid structure/text editors which support editing at the higher level of the syntax tree in structure mode, while allowing expression edits in text mode. They copy a number of concepts from block-based editors, such as the graphical representation of statements, which are manipulated as atomic units, presented graphically with distinct colouring, can be dragged-and-dropped with mouse gestures, and the provision of statement palettes from which statements may be chosen.

Other elements are modelled on traditional text editors, such as display of the program as linear text, keyboard-driven editing, and free-form editing at the expression level.

An academic study has compared effectiveness of frame-based editors to text editors for beginning programmers.

Application 

Currently, frame-based editors are used in educational systems to facilitate entry into programming for novice programmers, or to support the transition for learners from educational block-based systems, such as App Inventor, Scratch, Snap!, or Alice, to professional, text based programming environments.

Theoretically, these types of editors can be used for manipulation of any structured text, including computer programs, web pages, and XML files. The editor benefits especially non-professional users, such as novices or casual programmers, due to its support for discoverability of statements and reduction of syntax errors.

Examples 

Two examples of frame-based editors are the BlueJ and Greenfoot educational development environments. Both support frame-based editing for the Stride programming language.

References 

Text editor features
Convair Model 23. The Convair Model 23 was a 1950s design for an American nuclear-powered seaplane for the United States Navy. Like the Air Force's WS-125, the Model 23 never left the drawing board due to risks posed by operations of nuclear-powered aircraft.

Development
The USAAF/USAF began investigating nuclear power for warplanes in 1946 with NEPA and the ANP. However, the Navy entered the nuclear-powered aircraft field in May 1953, awarding contracts to Convair-San Diego and Martin to explore the feasibility of a nuclear-propelled seaplane. By early 1955, operational requirements and engineering contracts for a nuclear-powered seaplane had been awarded to the manufacturers. Early designs for the Model 23 featured a large seaplane with a length of 171 feet and a wingspan of 131.5 feet, utilizing J75 turbojets fed by a Pratt & Whitney nuclear reactor. Later designs, the Model 23A and 23B, had the turbojets mounted at the back of the wing and fuselage, with the Model 23B's engines situated over the rear of the wing and aft fuselage, and the Model 23A using a delta wing.

Despite the Navy awarding Pratt and Whitney a contract to investigate nuclear systems, especially the indirect cycle engine, the Navy gave up on nuclear-powered aircraft in December 1959.

See also
List of nuclear-powered aircraft

References

23
Convair Model 23
Flying boats
Jet seaplanes and flying boats
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Nuclear-powered aircraft
George Danezis. George Danezis (born 6 December 1979) is a computer scientist and Professor of Security and Privacy Engineering at the Department of Computer Science, University College London where he is part of the Information Security Research Group, and a fellow at the Alan Turing Institute. He co-founded Chainspace, a sharded smart contract platform, and was Head of Research before it was acquired by Facebook. After leaving Facebook he co-founded MystenLabs and is one of the designers of the Sui Blockchain. He currently works part-time as a Professor at University College London and as Chief Scientist at MystenLabs.

Education 
Danezis was educated at the University of Cambridge where he received a BA in Computer Science and a PhD in Computer Science. His PhD was supervised by Ross Anderson, where he completed his thesis on anonymous communications.

Career and research 
Before joining University College London, Danezis worked as a researcher at KU Leuven in Belgium and Microsoft Research in Cambridge. He has published research on anonymous communications and computer security.

In 2005, Danezis and Steven Murdoch published research showing that the Tor anonymity network was susceptible to traffic analysis that allowed adversaries to reduce the anonymity provided by Tor by inferring the network nodes that relay the anonymous data.

He has contributed to the design of anonymity networks including Hornet and Loopix, as well as the Sphinx packet format.

He has also contributed to the design of cryptocurrency systems, including RSCoin, a centrally banked cryptocurrency, and Chainspace, a sharded distributed ledger, which was spun-out into a commercial company and subsequently the first blockchain start-up acquired by Facebook.

Awards and honours 
Danezis was recognised as a Fellow of the British Computer Society in 2014, an award given to those who "demonstrate a commitment to advancing standards; strategic leadership and best practice, and encourage this in others".

References 

Living people
Computer security academics
1979 births
Academics of University College London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Brilliner. Brilliner was a tram designed by the J. G. Brill Company. The tram was designed to be a competitor to the successful PCC cars, but the design ended up being a failure for the company, with only several trams built. The tram utilized a clean, streamlined design, similar to a PCC car. It also used a boxy floor plan and a riveted steel body design. Due to the boxy floor plan, Brilliner cars could not clear the tight spaces required by the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC), the company's main customer. The Brilliner was the company's last trolley design before merging with American Car and Foundry (ACF).

10 cars were built for Red Arrow Lines (these were the only double-ended variants as every other car was single-ended), 24 trams were sold to Atlantic City, 3 cars were sold to the PTC, and one of each was sold to Cincinnati and Baltimore. One streetcar, Red Arrow Lines 5, is now on display at the Pennsylvania Trolley Museum.

Gallery

References

Streetcars in the United States
J. G. Brill Company