omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sofema. Sofema (Société française d’exportation de matériel militaire et aéronautique) is a French company which specialises today in the renovation, marketing and maintenance of first generation land, sea and air equipment, mainly from material sourced from the French Armed Forces.

The company is headquartered in Levallois, near Paris.
Technical facilities are situated in La Teste (Girondein the south west of France) and Châteauroux (Indre). Sofema was used by Indian lobbyist Niira Radia and Singh for routing their money which they earned as commission in the deal with Sahara Airlines to negotiate the purchase of helicopters from Eurocopter.

History 
Sofema was created in 1997 from the merger of two utility companies (Ofema and Sofma), responsible for supporting and guiding the foreign sales of large French aeronautic and defence groups.

Its first President (until 2001) was the Préfet Ivan Barbot (former president of Ofema) who oversaw the privatisation of the company in 1998 around a core group of important shareholders including EADS, Safran (born from the merger of Snecma and SAGEM), DCNS, Thales, NEXTER SYSTEMS (formerly GIAT), Dassault Aviation (represent by Eric Trappier), Renault Trucks (Volvo Group).

Appointed CEO and chairman in 2001, General (CR) Bernard Norlain embarked on a policy of diversification in response to a gradual erosion of its core business – due, particularly, to the establishment of sales teams within its holding.
In 2007, under the leadership of its new chairman and CEO, Guillaume Giscard d'Estaing, Sofema underwent a profound shift in its business.

In effect, the company passed in just a few years from playing a role as intermediary in large French export contracts, to selling renovated land, air and sea equipment. Products include the VBC-90 internal security vehicle, Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé APC, and Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopter, in addition to the AML and Eland series of light armoured cars.

Sofema operations

Renovation 

Depending on the needs of its customers, Sofema acquires first generation equipment, mainly of French origin, and overhauls this to a pristine state in its workshops, or through its specialised partners.
Contracts include significant support to implementation and training to buyer-countries, equal to the services provided by major industry in exports of new equipment.

Trading 
Complementary to its renovation activities, Sofema offers spare parts.

Advisory 
Sofema's International Advisory department aims to assist industry groups around the world in their international development. It offers combined audit financing, commercial representation, services across five continents in the areas of defence and security, aerospace, energy, transport infrastructure and the environment.

References 

Defence companies of France
Companies based in Île-de-France
DEAP (software). Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python (DEAP) is an evolutionary computation framework for rapid prototyping and testing of ideas. It incorporates the data structures and tools required to implement most common evolutionary computation techniques such as genetic algorithm, genetic programming, evolution strategies, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, traffic flow and estimation of distribution algorithm. It is developed at Université Laval since 2009.

Example 
The following code gives a quick overview how the Onemax problem optimization with genetic algorithm can be implemented with DEAP.
import array
import random
from deap import creator, base, tools, algorithms

creator.create("FitnessMax", base.Fitness, weights=(1.0,))
creator.create("Individual", array.array, typecode="b", fitness=creator.FitnessMax)

toolbox = base.Toolbox()
toolbox.register("attr_bool", random.randint, 0, 1)
toolbox.register(
    "individual", tools.initRepeat, creator.Individual, toolbox.attr_bool, 100
)
toolbox.register("population", tools.initRepeat, list, toolbox.individual)

evalOneMax = lambda individual: (sum(individual),)

toolbox.register("evaluate", evalOneMax)
toolbox.register("mate", tools.cxTwoPoint)
toolbox.register("mutate", tools.mutFlipBit, indpb=0.05)
toolbox.register("select", tools.selTournament, tournsize=3)

population = toolbox.population(n=300)
NGEN = 40

for gen in range(NGEN):
    offspring = algorithms.varAnd(population, toolbox, cxpb=0.5, mutpb=0.1)
    fits = toolbox.map(toolbox.evaluate, offspring)
    for fit, ind in zip(fits, offspring):
        ind.fitness.values = fit
    population = offspring

See also 
 Python SCOOP (software)

References

External links 
 
 

Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Evolutionary computation
Free science software
Python (programming language) scientific libraries
Ingersoll Axles. Ingersoll Axles is a member of the IMT Partnership. It was founded as a small factory in the town of Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada in 1913 for the production of a soap called "Fun to Wash." The soap had a very short life, and the factory was soon converted to make brooms. In 1914, it was purchased by E.A. Wilson, who used the facility to create Ingersoll Machine & Tool in 1915.

Ingersoll Machine & Tool specialized in the manufacture of steering gear assemblies for cars and boats – including car starters, steering gears, millimeter shells, truck axle parts, house trailer parts, and machine parts. IMT established a major presence within the automotive industry, and by the early 1930s, IMT made every steering gear assembly for Canadian-built Ford, Mercury, Dodge, Chrysler, DeSoto, Plymouth, Hudson, and Nash cars.

The next several decades saw major growth and expansion of the company's ventures, and IMT became publicly owned in 1947 with a listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange. By the early 1970s, IMT had branched out into the production of washing machines and even hovercraft.

In 1970, Ivaco acquired a majority interest in IMT, further strengthening its holdings in 1981 with the acquisition of PC Forge. IMT also was awarded a 10-year, $100 million federal contract for large-caliber ammunition shells around this time. The following year, a new, modern facility was built to replace IMT's original building – with the help of a $125,000 grant from the Town of Ingersoll.

IMT developed its own self-steering axle in 1990. The resulting product, now known as the SmartSteer Axle, remains the lightest and strongest leading kingpin self-steering axle in the world.

References

Auto parts suppliers of Canada
Companies based in Ontario
Aviasouz Cruise. The Aviasouz Cruise is a Russian ultralight trike, designed and produced by Aviasouz of Kazan. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The company was formed by former employees of the Tupolev Design Bureau.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration open cockpit with a unique fibreglass cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine, with the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912 engine optional. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Specifications (Cruise)

References

External links

2000s Russian sport aircraft
2000s Russian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Spillover. Spillover may refer to:

 Adsorption spillover, a chemical phenomenon involving the movement of atoms adsorbed onto a metal surface
 Catalyst support#Spillover
 Behavioral spillover, the effect that one behavior has on other behaviors with a shared motive
 Hydrogen spillover
 Knowledge spillover, exchange of ideas among individuals
 Spillover (book), or Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic, a 2012 book by David Quammen
 Spillover (economics), an economic event that occurs because of an event in a seemingly unrelated context
 Spillover (imaging), in e.g. tomography, an imaging effect that exaggerates small objects, because of limited resolution 
 Spillover infection or pathogen spillover occurs when an infectious reservoir population affects a novel host 
 Spillover-crossover model, in psychology distinguishes spillover from crossover as components of transfer of well-being

See also 

 Spillover II, an artwork by Jaume Plensa
Quantum Detectors. Quantum Detectors Limited is a spin-out company from the Diamond Light Source and Science and Technology Facilities Council, although it also commercialises technology from other large scale facilities such as the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The function of the company is to take to market developments that would otherwise only be used by the funders of the development; this wider use of these new technologies benefits the scientific community through improved facilities and the developer through aiding them in meeting their impact / knowledge transfer obligations.

Quantum Detectors is based at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus close to the city of Oxford in the United Kingdom (UK).  The company was founded in 2007 and is privately owned by Diamond Light Source Ltd. and The Science and Technology Facilities council commercial arm, STFC Innovations Ltd.

History 

Quantum Detectors was originally a spin out from the Synchrotron Radiation Source at Daresbury. The SRS being one of the first synchrotrons used for beamline users, there were few detectors available during its early years, requiring development of new systems for each application where commercial solutions were not available. This led to a number of novel detector systems, some of which were sold by the operator of the SRS to other facilities internationally, such as the ESRF, SPring-8 and the Photon Factory. These detectors included Xspress, XSTRIP and RAPID, updated versions of which can all be found at the Diamond Light Source today.

Given the history of the Detector Group at Daresbury to develop detectors with a demand around the globe, spinning out a company to optimise this process was a logical step. The company was thought up independently a number of times by people in the management at Daresbury, but finally in 2005 the company was incorporated and domain name purchased and in 2007 the project was funded, in mid 2008 it gained the first employee.

Diamond opened in January 2007 and the SRS closed in August 2008, leading to the relocation of Quantum Detectors to Harwell to stay with the UK's Synchrotron Facility. 10% of Quantum Detectors shares were then purchased by Diamond, who then elected a Director to the Quantum Detectors Board. The remaining 90% of the shares belong to STFC.

References

External links 
http://www.quantumdetectors.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20090220205830/http://www.stfc.ac.uk/About/Find/RAL/Introduction.aspx
http://www.stfcinnovations.co.uk/Spinouts/17902.aspx

Companies based in Oxfordshire
Science and Technology Facilities Council
SN Systems. SN Systems is a provider of Windows based development tools for games consoles and virtual reality headsets, including the PlayStation VR2, PlayStation 5, PlayStation VR, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2, PlayStation, PlayStation Vita, and PSP.

The company had provided tools for the Atari ST, Amiga, Sega Saturn, Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Super NES, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS.

History
The company was founded in 1990 by Martin Day and Andy Beveridge. Both directors have backgrounds of developing game console software development tools, such as SNASM and Psy-Q, at Cross Products and later Psygnosis.

SN Systems' long association with the PlayStation line of consoles began in 1993, when PlayStation manufacturer Sony acquired Psygnosis, who were publishing SN Systems' tools at the time. While Sony had provided MIPS R4000-based Sony NEWS workstations for PlayStation development, Psygnosis disliked the thought of developing on these expensive workstations and asked SN Systems to create a PC-based development system. At the 1994 Winter Consumer Electronics Show, Psygnosis arranged an audience for SN Systems with Sony's Japanese executives, and Sony were impressed enough with their development tools that they decided to abandon their plans for a workstation-based development system in favor of using SN Systems' development system exclusively.

In 1999, SN Systems won a Game Developer Magazine "Front Line Award" in the Programming Environment category for its Nintendo 64 development product called SN64. The company won again in 2005, this time for the ProDG for PSP suite.

SN Systems was acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. in 2005, to provide tools for the PlayStation 3, and future consoles.

Based in Bristol, England, they have satellite offices in San Mateo, California and Dublin, Ireland.

Products
Central to the SN Systems product line is the ProDG suite, comprising a compiler and integration with Microsoft Visual Studio, together with a debugger and additional build tools.

References

Windows games
Programming tools for Windows
Sony Interactive Entertainment
British companies established in 1990
Companies based in Bristol
Software companies established in 1990
Software companies of England
Video game development companies
2005 mergers and acquisitions
Driver scheduling problem. The driver scheduling problem (DSP) is type of problem in operations research and theoretical computer science.

The DSP consists of selecting a set of duties (assignments) for the drivers or pilots of vehicles (e.g., buses, trains, boats, or planes) involved in the transportation of passengers or goods, within the constraints of various legislative and logistical criteria.

Criteria and modelling 
This very complex problem involves several constraints related to labour and company rules and also different evaluation criteria and objectives. Being able to solve this problem efficiently can have a great impact on costs and quality of service for public transportation companies. There is a large number of different rules that a feasible duty might be required to satisfy, such as
Minimum and maximum stretch duration
Minimum and maximum break duration
Minimum and maximum work duration
Minimum and maximum total duration
Maximum extra work duration
Maximum number of vehicle changes
Minimum driving duration of a particular vehicle
Operations research has provided optimization models and algorithms that lead to efficient solutions for this problem. Among the most common models proposed to solve the DSP are the Set Covering and Set Partitioning Models (SPP/SCP). In the SPP model, each work piece (task) is covered by only one duty. In the SCP model, it is possible to have more than one duty covering a given work piece.
In both models, the set of work pieces that needs to be covered is laid out in rows, and the set of previously defined feasible duties available for covering specific work pieces is arranged in columns. The DSP resolution, based on either of these models, is the selection of the set of feasible duties that guarantees that there is one (SPP) or more (SCP) duties covering each work piece while minimizing the total cost of the final schedule.

See also 
 Crew scheduling
 Deadheading (employee)

References 

Algorithms
Density cup. A density cup is an instrument that is used to ensure quality control in a paint or lacquer.  It does this by measuring the density of the paint or lacquer, and comparing this density with the density of a standard for that paint or lacquer.  If the density reading is different from the standard, then there is an error in paint composition because if there were no error in paint composition, then the measurement would match up to the standard density for that paint or lacquer.

Knowing the density of a paint is essential because a consistent density assures overall consistency between products of the same color.

Density cups are precisely measured cylinders that are made of stainless steel, and usually have a hole in the top through which excess liquid and air bubbles can escape.

References

Density meters
Quality control tools
Paints
John Pomara. John Pomara is an American abstract artist.

Life
Pomara was born in Dallas in 1952 and received a MFA and a BFA from East Texas State University; he also attended the Empire State Studio Arts Program, New York.

Work 
Entropy and mechanical failure are prevalent themes within his work; in his endeavors to visually represent these errors he utilizes printers, copy machines and the Internet. Even the medium upon which he works is evocative of his underlying message, the industrial surfaces of the aluminum panels complementing and enhancing his artistic vision. Pomara's work is oftentimes inspired by the paint drips and spills that landed on the newspaper covering his studio floor.

He teaches at University of Texas, Dallas.

Permanent collections
Blanton Museum of Art, Austin, TX
Museum of Art, Dallas, TX 
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX
American Airlines, Dallas, TX
The Barrett Collection, Dallas, TX  
Neiman Marcus, Dallas, TX
Tyler Museum of Art, Tyler, TX

References

External links
Horton Gallery Website
Review: Arrival and Departure
Best of Dallas: Artist
Review: John Pomara

20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
1952 births
American abstract artists
Artists from Texas
Living people
20th-century American male artists
Salicylate decarboxylase. Salicylate decarboxylase (, salicylic acid decarboxylase, Scd) is an enzyme with systematic name salicylate carboxy-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 salicylate  phenol + CO2

In the reverse direction the enzyme catalyses the regioselective carboxylation of phenol into salicylate.

References

External links 
 

EC 4.1.1
SMKB. The SMKB (Smart-MK-Bomb) is a guidance kit that turns a standard Mk 82 (500 lbs) and Mk 83 (1.000 lbs) into a Precision-guided weapon, respectively called SMKB-82 and SMKB-83. The kit provides extended range up to  and are guided by an integrated inertial guidance system coupled to three satellites networks, relying on wireless to handle the flow of data between the aircraft and the munition.

Development
In April 2009, AEQ and Mectron, defense division of Odebrecht Organisation, displayed at LAAD 2009 the first mock-up of a Brazilian precision guided weapons kit. Development of the SMKB was officially started in November 2009, and included a partnership with the Brazilian Air Force, through the "General Command of Aerospatial Technology" (Comando-Geral de Tecnologia Aeroespacial, CTA).

In the early stages of development, it was tested with GPS as the only satellite navigation network, however it is known that the U.S. (and other nations) have methods and devices to interfere with the satellite signal (jamming), thereby degrading weapon accuracy. In order to improve the resilience against jamming, it was decided to create a guide system, capable of operating with three satellite navigation networks: GPS (United States), Galileo (European Union) and GLONASS (Russia). The software coupled to the SMKB reads simultaneously and individually the three systems and assesses the positioning based on a verification algorithm, which provides greater reliability, because the data are crossed to allow correct positioning.  In addition, the company has developed anti-jamming capability with encrypted software which provides complete system integrity, also enhanced by the use of a highly directive radiation pattern.

Super Tucano aircraft were used during a 2 weeks long trials at which the first in-flight launch of the weapon took place in December 2010 at Natal Air Force Base. The SMKB-82 was cleared for use with the AMX, F-5, Kfir and Super Tucano by December 2012. Qualification test for SMKB-83 are scheduled to commence in 2013

Variants
SMKB-82 - Kit for Mk-82
SMKB-83 - Kit for Mk-83

See also
 FPG-82

Similar Weapons

 Joint Direct Attack Munition
 AASM
 Paveway IV
 HGK
 Spice
 Umbani
 LT PGB

References

External links
Mectron: Smart Weapons
AEQ: SMKB-82 - Wireless Systems (official brochure)

Aerial bombs of Brazil
Guided missiles of Brazil
Guided bombs
Aviation Products Star Trike. The Aviation Products Star Trike is a German ultralight trike that was designed by Klaus Wisch and is produced by Aviation Products Ltd of Bitburg.

Design and development
The Star Trike was designed in 1980 has been in production ever since. It fits the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category. The design features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat or a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single or double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. A range of powerplants can be fitted, including the twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine and the twin cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  HKS 700E engine.

In its single seat agricultural version the aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the Air Creation XP 15.

Variants
Star Trike Agrar
Single seat agricultural aircraft version.
Star Trike DS
Dual seat version.

Specifications (Star Trike Agrar)

References

External links

1980s German sport aircraft
1980s German ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
DOS 7. DOS 7 or DOS-7 may refer to:
Mir Core Module aka DOS-7, Russian spacecraft
It may also refer to versions of the DR-DOS family:
Novell DOS 7, successor of Digital Research's DR DOS 6.0 and NetWare PalmDOS 1.0 in 1993
OpenDOS 7.01, successor of Novell DOS 7 by Caldera in 1997
DR-OpenDOS 7.02, successor of OpenDOS 7.01 by Caldera in 1997
DR-DOS 7.02, successor of DR-OpenDOS 7.02 by Caldera in 1998
DR-DOS 7.03, successor of DR-DOS 7.02 by Caldera in 1999
DR-DOS 7.04, LBA/FAT32-enabled OEM version of DR-DOS
DR-DOS 7.05, LBA/FAT32-enabled OEM version and successor of DR-DOS 7.04
DR-DOS 7.06, LBA/FAT32-enabled OEM version of DR-DOS
DR-DOS 7.07, LBA/FAT32-enabled OEM version of DR-DOS
It may also refer to versions of the Microsoft MS-DOS family:
MS-DOS 7.0, LBA-enabled DOS component bundled with Windows 95 in 1995
MS-DOS 7.1, LBA/FAT32-enabled DOS component bundled with Windows 98/98 SE in 1998/1999
It may also refer to versions of the IBM PC DOS family:
PC DOS 7, successor of PC DOS 6.3 in 1995
PC DOS 2000, successor of PC DOS 7.0 in 1998
PC DOS 7.10, LBA/FAT32-enabled OEM version and successor of PC DOS 2000
It may also refer to versions of the PhysTechSoft PTS-DOS family:
PTS-DOS 7.0, 32-bit DOS variant in 1995
PTS-DOS 32, 32-bit DOS variant
It may also refer to versions of the DataLight ROM-DOS family:
ROM-DOS 7.1, LBA/FAT32-enabled ROM-DOS variant

See also 
DOS 6 (disambiguation)
DOS 8 (disambiguation)
DOS (disambiguation)