omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
WolframAlpha. WolframAlpha ( ) is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. It is offered as an online service that answers factual queries by computing answers from externally sourced data.

History 
Launch preparations for WolframAlpha began on May 15, 2009, at 7:00 pm CDT with a live broadcast on Justin.tv. The plan was to publicly launch the service a few hours later. However, there were issues due to extreme load. The service officially launched on May 18, 2009, receiving mixed reviews. 

The engine is based on Wolfram's earlier product Wolfram Mathematica, a technical computing platform. The coding is written in Wolfram Language, a general multi-paradigm programming language, and implemented in Mathematica. WolframAlpha gathers data from academic and commercial websites such as the CIA's The World Factbook, the United States Geological Survey, a Cornell University Library publication called All About Birds, Chambers Biographical Dictionary, Dow Jones, the Catalogue of Life, CrunchBase, Best Buy, and the FAA to answer queries.

On February 8, 2012, WolframAlpha Pro was released, offering users additional features for a monthly subscription fee.

Usage 
Users submit queries and computation requests via a text field. WolframAlpha then computes answers and relevant visualizations from a knowledge base of curated, structured data that come from other sites and books. It can respond to particularly phrased natural language fact-based questions. It displays its "Input interpretation" of such a question, using standardized phrases. It can also parse mathematical symbolism and respond with numerical and statistical results.

WolframAlpha was used to power some searches in the Microsoft Bing and DuckDuckGo search engines but is no longer used to provide search results. For factual question answering, WolframAlpha was used by Apple's Siri in October 2011 and Amazon Alexa in December 2018 for math and science queries. Users noticed that the Wolfram Integration for Siri was changed in June 2013 to use Bing to query certain results on iOS 7. Starting with iOS 17, it was reported that Wolfram for Siri no longer answers mathematical equations, instead defaulting to web search queries with no notable explanation. WolframAlpha , sets of curated information and formulas that assist in creating, categorization, and filling of spreadsheet information, became available in July 2020 within Microsoft Excel. The Microsoft-Wolfram partnership ended nearly two years later, in 2022, in favor of Microsoft Power Query data types. WolframAlpha functionality in Microsoft Excel ended in June 2023.

See also 
 Commonsense knowledge problem
 Artificial general intelligence
 Strong AI
 Watson (computer)

References

External links 
 

Agent-based software
Educational math software
Information retrieval systems
Internet properties established in 2009
Mathematics education
Natural language processing software
Open educational resources
Physics education
Semantic Web
Software calculators
Virtual assistants
Web analytics
Websites which mirror Wikipedia
Wolfram Research
Computer algebra systems
IRobot Negotiator. The iRobot Negotiator is an unmanned robotic platform from the  iRobot Corporation.  The 34 lb (15.4 kg) robot designed for use in civil response operations by civil defense professionals such as SWAT teams, police officers, etc. 

iRobot Negotiator performs basic reconnaissance, thus increasing situational awareness. It travels at variable speeds up to 3.1 mph and has optional accessories for toxic chemical and radiological threat detection.

References

External links
 iRobot Corporation: Negotiator
 Negotiator Specifications

Unmanned ground combat vehicles
IRobot
IRobot Ranger. The Ranger is a man-portable Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) that supports technology development related to mine warfare, expeditionary warfare, homeland defense, underwater surveillance / reconnaissance and other missions, made by the Massachusetts robotics firm iRobot. Ranger is also designed for ocean research and commercial applications related to search and survey, such as oceanography.

Unlike the iRobot Seaglider which is         propeller-less and motor-less, the Ranger has a propeller and is meant for shorter range missions.

Ranger weighs less than , travels at speeds up to  and is programmed via Ethernet or Wi-Fi. It can carry a variety of sensors for different kinds of data monitoring. 

Ranger was initially developed by Nekton Research, Inc. in Durham, North Carolina. iRobot acquired Nekton Research in September, 2009.

References

External links
 iRobot Corporation: Ranger
 Overview of iRobot's entry into UUV market

Unmanned underwater vehicles
IRobot
2000s robots
Calcium permanganate. Calcium permanganate is an oxidizing agent and chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca(MnO4)2. This salt consists of the metal calcium and two permanganate ions.

Preparation 
The salt is prepared from the reaction of potassium permanganate with calcium chloride or from the reaction of aluminium permanganate with calcium oxide.  It can also be prepared by reacting manganese dioxide with a solution of calcium hypochlorite and a little bit of calcium hydroxide to increase the pH level.

Uses
Calcium permanganate is used in the textile industry, for sterilization of water, and as a deodorizer. It is believed to help whiten teeth. It was formerly used as a component of rocket fuel by the Luftwaffe.

Safety 
It is noncombustible, but being a strong oxidizing agent, it will accelerate the burning of combustible material. If the combustible material is finely divided, the resulting mixture may be explosive. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Contact with sulfuric acid may cause fires or explosions. Mixtures with acetic acid or acetic anhydride can explode if not kept cold. Explosions can occur when mixtures of calcium permanganate and sulfuric acid come into contact with benzene, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, petroleum, or other organic matter.

See also
 Potassium permanganate
 Sodium permanganate
 Ammonium permanganate

References

Calcium compounds
Permanganates
Oxidizing agents
Rubber duck debugging. In software engineering, rubber duck debugging (or rubberducking) is a method of debugging code by articulating a problem in spoken or written natural language. The name is a reference to a story in the book The Pragmatic Programmer in which a programmer would carry around a rubber duck and debug their code by forcing themselves to explain it, line by line, to the duck. Many other terms exist for this technique, often involving different (usually) inanimate objects, or pets such as a dog or a cat. Teddy bears are also widely used.

Approach
Many programmers have had the experience of explaining a problem to someone else, possibly even to someone who knows nothing about programming, and then hitting upon the solution in the process of explaining the problem. In describing what the code is supposed to do and observing what it actually does, any incongruity between these two becomes apparent. More generally, teaching a subject forces its evaluation from different perspectives and can provide a deeper understanding. By using an inanimate object, the programmer can try to accomplish this without having to interrupt anyone else, and with better results than have been observed from merely thinking aloud without an audience. This approach has been taught in computer science and software engineering courses.

In popular culture

On 1 April 2018, Stack Exchange introduced a rubber duck avatar on their websites as a new "feature" called Quack Overflow as an April Fools' Day joke. The duck appeared at the bottom right corner of the browser viewport, and attempted to help visitors by listening to their problems and responding with solutions. However, the duck merely produced a quack sound after apparently thinking and typing. It referenced rubber ducking as a powerful method for solving problems.

See also

 Code review
 Pair programming
 Socratic method
 Desk checking
 Duck test
 Duck typing
 Software walkthrough
 
 Think aloud protocol
 Pointing and calling
 Rogerian method
 Worry dolls
 Learning by teaching
 Body doubling

References

External links 

 Rubber Duck Debugging

Debugging
Computer programming folklore
Ducks in popular culture
Problem solving methods
Selcuk University Department of Geological Engineering. Geological Engineering Department of Selcuk University, Selcuk University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture what is an optional section. Geological Engineering Department is located on the Afyon way to 20th km in Alaeddin Keykubat Campus. Tram and bus transportation between campus and city center are provided with. Geological Engineering Department authorized staff and more than 34 years of knowledge has grown continue to add new ones to 1500 engineers.

History 
The Selcuk University Faculty of Science Department Earth Science began classes in the 1976-1977 school year. In 1982 with the name of Geological Engineering have been connected to the Engineering and Architecture Department.

Academic Structure 
General Geology
Mining Bearings-Geochemistry
Mineralogy-Petrography
Applied Geology

External links
Site of Selcuk University Department of Geological Engineering 

Geology education
Universities and colleges in Konya
Robert Gross. Robert Gross may refer to:

 Robert A. Gross (historian), American historian
 Robert A. Gross (physicist) (1927–2018), American physicist and engineering scientist
 Robert Arthur Gross (1914–1983), American violinist and composer
 Robert E. Gross (businessman) (1897–1961), businessman in the field of aviation
 Robert Edward Gross (1905–1988), pioneering pediatric cardiothoracic surgeon
 Bob Gross (born 1953), retired professional basketball player
DreiLänderBahn. DreiLänderBahn (literally: Three States Railway) is the name under which HLB Hessenbahn, a subsidiary of the Hessian state railway company, Hessische Landesbahn, operates a group of regional rail services in the German states of Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate.

Services 

DreiLänderBahn operates the following services:

Stock 

The DreiLänderBahn predominantly operates on non-electrified branch lines. As a result, it uses modern diesel multiple units exclusively. Its vehicle fleet includes Alstom LHB Coradia LINT units of DB Classes 640 (LINT 27) and 648 (LINT 41), which offer comfortable seats with armrests and tables in the 1st class accommodation, a video surveillance system and two multi-purpose compartments (e.g. for bicycles or prams). Large windows provide make the interior very light. By contrast, legroom is less than in the older, more traditional Silberling coaches. The DreiLänderBahn also offers a taxi service for connexion to the station. The DreiLänderBahn's multiples are filled at Finnentrop, Dillenburg and Siegen, where they are also cleaned externally.

References

External links
 Official Web site 

Railway lines in Hesse
Railway lines in Rhineland-Palatinate
Railway lines in North Rhine-Westphalia
Bundesbahn Central Offices. The Bundesbahn Central Offices () or BZA in Minden and Munich was the department of the Deutsche Bundesbahn responsible for technological development and procurement of rail vehicles and infrastructure. Additionally, accounting and statistical services, as well as technical standards for the West German state railway system, were provided by the BZA.

After the formation of the Deutsche Bahn AG DB Systemtechnik inherited responsibility for technological development and procurement.

History

After 1945, the functions of the former Reichsbahn Central Offices (Reichsbahn-Zentralämter, RZA)  in Berlin were transferred first to Göttingen, then from 1950 to Minden and in parallel also at Munich. 

From 1 January 1994 the BZA was incorporated into the new corporate structure of the Deutsche Bahn. Minden was the centre for the Research and Technology activities. 

Later, further research activities of the Deutsche Bahn AG took place in Munich at the site of the former repair shop at München-Freimann at the Völckerstraße location.

A major task of the BZA was the development of rail vehicles, often in collaboration with the heavy engineering firms that would produce the final product. Since the transformation of the two former state railway companies of East and West Germany the Deutsche Bahn AG, and the subsequent re-organisation the DBAG no longer is so involved in the design of rail vehicles - instead butting them from the international corporations that have developed at around the same time. Some of the duties of the BZA have been inherited by DB Systemtechnik.

See also
Reichsbahn-CBS (:de:Reichsbahn-CBS German) : The equivalent technology centre for the Deutsche Reichsbahn
British Rail Engineering Limited and British Rail Research Division : Contemporary British organisations, no longer extant since privatisation.

Trivia

By 1982 the BZA at Minden had procured, amongst other things:  35.5 million tonnes of gravel, 170,000 tons of rails, 300,000 wood and 900,000 concrete sleepers, 30,000 pallets, and 10,000 tonnes of writing and printing paper.

References and notes

Rail transport in Germany
Arnold Eucken. Arnold Thomas Eucken (3 July 1884 – 16 June 1950) was a German chemist and physicist. He examined the energy states of the Hydrogen atom and contributed to knowledge of the atomic structure. He also contributed to chemical engineering and process control through physical chemistry measurements for applications in industry.

Career
Eucken was born in Jena, son of the philosopher and later Nobel Prize winner Rudolf Eucken in Jena. A maternal great grandfather was the physicist Thomas  Seebeck. His brother Walter became an economist. He went to the humanist high school in Jena and studied Physics and Mathematics at the universities of Kiel, Jena and Berlin. In 1905 he began to work in Berlin under Walther Nernst on the energy states of hydrogen and received a doctorate in 1906. He examined the heat of rotation of hydrogen molecules using the vacuum calorimeter. He habilitated in 1911 and after the turbulent Turko-Italian war period he joined back in 1915 Eucken at the Technische Hochschule Breslau, and from 1930 at the University of Göttingen as a successor of Gustav Tammann. After "the seizure of power" of the National Socialists, Eucken became a member of the NSDAP in 1933. A major contribution was a "Textbook of Chemical Physics" first published in 1930.

Contributions
Eucken made important contributions within physical and technical chemistry. He concentrated on specific heat at very low temperatures, the structure of liquids and electrolytic solutions, the molecular physics (rotation, oscillation), on deuterium and heavy water, on homogeneous and heterogeneous gas kinetics, catalysis, chemical engineering and chemical technology.

Death
Eucken killed himself in Seebruck on 16 June 1950.

See also
Eucken's law
Spin isomers of hydrogen

References

1884 births
1950 deaths
Scientists from Jena
People from Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
20th-century German chemists
20th-century German physicists
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
Suicides in Germany
1950 suicides
South Central Corridor. The South Central Corridor is one of ten federally designated high-speed rail corridors in the United States. The proposed corridor consists of two segments:
 Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Fort Worth, Texas (322 miles)
 Little Rock, Arkansas, via Dallas/Fort Worth to San Antonio, Texas (672 miles)

See also 
 High-speed rail in the United States
 Texas Central Railway – a proposed high-speed railway between Dallas and Houston

References

External links 
 South Central Corridor  (archived link) | Federal Railroad Administration

High-speed railway lines in the United States
IP load tester. IP load testers are a class of protocol analyzers focused on the practical evaluation of router performance. Router performance is usually broken down into two categories: forwarding performance (or data plane), and routing performance (or control plane). In practice, the two functions are often evaluated simultaneously.

To test forwarding performance, IP load testers typically surround a router with simulated Internet traffic. This function is called packet blasting, and there are a couple of popular methods. The first method approximates real Internet traffic by using a representative mix of packet lengths, usually referred to as IMIX. Another popular technique is to blast the router with the shortest packet lengths possible, in order to stress the computational performance of the router. In both cases, the IP load tester measures the performance of the router in terms of loss, latency and throughput.

To test the control plane, IP load testers typically emulate various protocols via the test ports in order to connect to the real implementations of those protocols on the router itself. For example, within the core of the Internet, various routing protocols are used for the control plane, or routing function of routers. Core routing protocols include BGP, IS-IS, OSPF, and RIP. Control plane performance is usually characterized by measurements of scalability and performance. Scalability typically means how many protocol sessions can be handled by the router at one time, and ultimately is a stress of memory. Performance usually refers to a time-varying parameter, such as sessions per second, and ultimately is a stress of CPU power.

References

Communications protocols
Electronic test equipment
Potassium hexanitritocobaltate(III). Potassium hexanitritocobaltate(III) is a salt with the formula K3[Co(NO2)6].  It is a yellow solid that is poorly soluble in water. The compound finds some use as a yellow pigment under the name Indian Yellow.

The salt features potassium cations and an trianionic coordination complex.  In the anion, cobalt is bound by six nitrito ligands, the overall complex having octahedral molecular geometry.  The oxidation state of cobalt is 3+.  Its low-spin d6 configuration confers kinetic stability and diamagnetism.  The compound is prepared by combining cobalt(II) and nitrite salts in the presence of oxygen.  The corresponding sodium cobaltinitrite is significantly more soluble in water.

The compound was first described in 1848 by Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer in Breslau, and it is used as a yellow pigment called Aureolin.

See also
Sodium hexanitritocobaltate(III)

References

Potassium compounds
Cobalt(III) compounds
Nitrites
Cobalt complexes
Australian Transformation and Innovation Centre. The Australian Transformation and Innovation Centre (ATIC) is a Thales Australia facility based at the Garden Island Naval Base in Sydney. It is used to put concepts into action by developing and demonstrating new technological capabilities and engineering solutions. The ATIC works with its customers to capture their ideas and then translate these into concept demonstrators. The ATIC was officially opened on 15 March 2006 by the then Minister for Defence The Honourable Dr Brendan Nelson, MP.

Capabilities 

The ATIC demonstrates the impact that new concepts, technologies or systems may have on business or military operations. The facility is used to explore a problem space, evaluate possible solutions and demonstrate the benefits or the expected outcomes of these solutions. The ATIC uses gaming tools, simulation and modelling to undertake its projects. Software developers and engineers put together mock-ups of possible future systems and then test these by building wargames and other scenarios that show how the system would be used.

Past projects 

Projects that have been worked on by the ATIC include a concept demonstrator for a new naval communications technology, benchmarking a tool to model the soldier's battlespace and creating a test-bed for modelling security scenarios such as civil unrest, peacekeeping and anti-terrorism operations.

Links to other laboratories 

The ATIC is part of a network of three laboratories at Thales Australia. The other two labs – NEWLab and Oceanlab – provide specialist expertise in communications and information systems and in underwater warfare. NEWLab and Oceanlab develop system prototypes and reduce risk by using the actual technologies selected for a system solution. The ATIC is part of the Thales Battlespace Transformation Centre (BTC) which has set up similar facilities in Europe and internationally.

References

External links 

 Thales Australia Website
 ATIC/TR&D, Thales Australia website
 BTC, Thales Group Website
 Thales Australia Transportation Website

Defence companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies of Australia
Buildings and structures in Sydney
Lago di Piana degli Albanesi. The Lago di Piana degli Albanesi () is an artificial lake in Piana degli Albanesi, in the Province of Palermo, Sicily, Italy.

The lake was made to produce electricity.  It was built from 1920 to 1923 by hand.  The output water jump 475 m lower until the Casuzze hydro-electrical plant near Palermo.  In the 1960s, to supply the increased demand of electricity, a newer plant just near the dam was built, which is still in function.

Lakes of Sicily
Tobu Museum. The  is a railway museum in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in May 1989, and is operated by Tobu Railway.

The museum was closed from January 2009 until June 2009 for refurbishment. It reopened on 22 July 2009.

Exhibits
The following full-size vehicles are on display.

B1 class steam locomotive – No. 5 (built 1898 by Beyer, Peacock & Company)
B1 class steam locomotive – No. 6 (built 1898 by Beyer, Peacock & Company)
ED101 class electric locomotive – No. 101 (later ED4000 class No. ED4001, built 1930, moved to museum from Ohmi Railway in January 2009)
ED5010 class electric locomotive - No. ED5015 (built 1959)
Class DeHa1 electric railcar – No. DeHa5 (built 1924)
1720 series "DRC" electric multiple unit car – cab section only (built 1960)
5700 series electric multiple unit car – No. MoHa5701 (built 1951, moved to museum in January 2009)
Nikkō Tramway 200 series tramcar - No. 203 (built 1954)

The collection includes a reproduction of a station office Including automatic ticket gates outside with see-through covering, ticket vending machines, interlocking board, telephone and railroad exhibits. A season ticket issuing machine and "celebrate admission pass" is issued free of charge.

The museum also owns the 6-car Tobu 8000 series EMU set 8111, which was repainted into its original "royal beige" and "international orange" livery for a series of special event runs on Tobu Lines.

Access
The museum is located underneath Higashi-Mukōjima Station on the Tobu Skytree Line. Visitors can view trains passing at close range from windows underneath the platform.

Address
4-28-16 Higashi-mukōjima, Sumida-ku, Tokyo

References

External links

Official website 

Museums established in 1989
Museums in Tokyo
Railway museums in Japan
Tobu Railway
1989 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures in Sumida, Tokyo