omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. The Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. is a 20-acre superfund site that is located in Dalton township in the US State of Michigan.

History 
The Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. was founded in 1957 and ran until 1985 under 4 separate owners, from 1957 to 1965, the plant was owned by the "Ott Chemical Company" then "CPC International" bought the plant in 1965 and created a subsidiary to run it. And in 1976 "Story Chemical" bought the plant and ran it into bankruptcy. Then after that In 1977, "Aerojet-General" purchased it through its California subsidiary "Cordova", which set up "Cordova-Michigan."

Impacts 
The Ott/Story/Cordova site was contaminated by pharmaceutical, pesticide, and herbicide chemical production under a series of owners from 1957 to 1985. Waste was stored in drums and sludge lagoons. Soil and groundwater was contaminated with over 90 organic chemicals, including benzene, toluene, vinyl chloride, dichloroethane and tetrachloroethene. There was also contamination of groundwater, soils, and nearby Little Bear Creek and its unnamed tributary. Approximately 10,000 drums of waste material, some of which contained phosgene gas, were also stockpiled onsite. and had  approximately 300 to 500 residents in a one-mile radius of the site.

Responsibility 
There is a lot of controversy on who should be held responsible for the damages the site caused, as 2 of the 4 companies that owned it had gone out of business. And it was difficult to put the blame on 1 of the 4 companies, as the damage was done during decades of neglect between the 1950s and 1970s. Eventually, Cleanup for the Ott/Story/Cordova Site was assumed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Cleanup 
Water extracted from the ground is put into ‘diffused air stripping tanks’ and treated with phosphoric acid, powdered activated carbon, ferric chloride, sand filtration, and liquid phase Granular Activated Carbon. Air from the diffused air stripping units and the aeration tanks is treated in a thermal oxidation unit before being discharged to the atmosphere. Treated water is transported through piping to a stationary aerator prior to discharge to the Muskegon River. Sludge generated from the biological systems is conditioned and then transported to filter presses before being disposed of as non-hazardous waste.”.

Current day 
The Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. currently has a “Hazardous ranking” score of 53.41. And the status of the site is “Completed” which means that All the facilities necessary for cleanup have been built.

A part of the site has been re-purposed and turned into the "Muskegon County Business and Industrial Park" as part of an economic development plan in Muskegon to raise the employment rate.

References 

Superfund sites in Michigan
Clement Farabet. Clément Farabet is a computer scientist and AI expert known for his contributions to the field of deep learning. He served as a research scientist at the New York University.
He serves as the Vice President of Research at Google DeepMind and previously served as the VP of AI Infrastructure at NVIDIA. 

His scholarly work received over 11,000 citations with an h-index of 21.

Education
In 2008, Farabet earned a master's degree in electrical engineering with honors from Institut national des sciences appliquées (INSA) de Lyon, France.

In 2010, Farabet received his PhD at Université Paris-Est, co-advised by Professors Laurent Najman and Yann LeCun. His thesis focused on real-time image understanding and introduced multi-scale convolutional networks and graph-based techniques for efficient segmentations of class prediction maps. He successfully defended his thesis in 2013.

Career
In 2008, after completing his Master's degree, Farabet joined Professor Yann LeCun's laboratory at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. His Master's thesis work on reconfigurable hardware for deep neural networks resulted in a patent. He continued his collaboration with Yann LeCun, and in 2009, he began working with Yale University's e-Lab, led by Eugenio Culurciello. This collaboration eventually led to the creation of TeraDeep.

He began his career as a researcher, contributing to the development of LuaTorch, one of the first AI frameworks, which later evolved into PyTorch, widely recognized and adopted globally.

Startups
Farabet co-founded MadBits, a startup with a focus on web-scale image understanding. The company was acquired by Twitter in 2014. 

Following this acquisition, Farabet co-founded Twitter Cortex, a team dedicated to building Twitter's deep learning platform for various applications, including recommendations, search, spam detection, and NSFW content and ads.

Publications

References

American computer scientists
Artificial intelligence researchers
New York University faculty
Google employees
Machine learning researchers
Natural language processing researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kiran Deshmukh. Vice Admiral Kiran Deshmukh, AVSM, VSM is a serving Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He currently serves as the Chief of Materiel. He earlier served as the Controller Warship Production and Acquisition and as the Admiral Superintendent Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam).

Early life and education
Deshmukh attended the Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) in Mumbai, where he obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Naval career
Deshmukh was commissioned into the Indian Navy as an Engineer officer on 31 March 1986. He attended the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras obtaining a Master of Technology degree. He also attended the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.

He has served onboard various frontline ships - the Rajput-class destroyers  and and the lead ship of her class of guided-missile destroyers . He also served as the Engineer officer on board the Talwar-class frigate .

Ashore, he served as the Command Engineer Officer at the Eastern Naval Command, Assistant General Manager (Quality, Lab and Human Resources) and Assistant General Manager (Production) at the Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam). As a Commodore, he served as the General Manager (Refit) at Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam). He subsequently moved to NHQ as the  principal director of ship production.

Flag rank
On promotion to flag rank, Deshmukh was appointed Assistant Chief of Materiel (Dockyards & Refits) at Naval headquarters (NHQ). He then moved to the Eastern Naval Command as the Chief Staff Officer (Technical) to the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command. In November 2018, he was appointed Admiral Superintendent (ASD) of Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam). For his tenure as ASD, he was awarded the Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 2020. In the same month, he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral and took over as the Director General Naval Projects, Visakhapatnam.

After a sixteen-month tenure, he moved to NHQ and took over as the Controller Warship Production & Acquisition (CWP&A) from Vice Admiral Sandeep Naithani. In his tenure as CWP&A, the first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-I) was commissioned as . The historic first trap of HAL Tejas on board the carrier was also achieved. Apart from this, the. keel laying, launch and commissioning of a number of frontline warships and submarines were achieved in his tenure.

In December 2023, he was appointed Chief of Materiel, a principal staff officer (PSO) at NHQ. He took over from Vice Admiral Sandeep Naithani on 31 December 2023. He also is the Senior most Technical Officer in the Indian Navy.

Awards and decorations
Deshmukh was awarded the Vishisht Seva Medal in 2013 and the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in 2020.

References 

Indian Navy vice admirals
Defence Services Staff College alumni
Chiefs of Materiel (India)
Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
IIT Madras alumni
Government Habib College of Technology, Nawabshah. Government Habib College of Technology Nawabshah, formerly known as Habib College of Industrial Technology, is a government college located in Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. It is affiliated with the Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology.

History 
The Government Habib College of Technology was founded as Habib College of Industrial Technology in Nawabshah. It was inaugurated in 1964 by Ayub Khan. The inaugural program was a diploma in chemical technology.

In the 1970s, the college was nationalised by the government of Pakistan under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto administration.

From its inception until 2017, the college was affiliated with Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET) located in Jamshoro. In 1996, it was given a status of constituent college of MUET. Later, it became a technical college affiliated with Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology.

Degree programs

Associates programs 
 DAE in Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Software, Chemical, and many more.

Bachelor programs 
 Bachelor of Engineering Technology in civil technology
 Bachelor of Engineering Technology in electrical technology
 Bachelor of Engineering Technology in mechanical technology

References 

1964 establishments in Pakistan
Shaheed Benazirabad District
Universities and colleges in Sindh
Institut aérotechnique. The Institut aérotechnique (IAT) is a French public research laboratory part of the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, specializing in aerodynamic studies, located in Saint-Cyr-l'École (Yvelines).

The creation of this institute is thanks to an initiative of Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe, also founder of the Aéro-Club de France. Its inauguration took place on July 8, 1911. It currently has several wind tunnels, some of which specialize in the automotive, railway and aerospace sectors. Concerning aeronautics, the laboratory has a partnership with the Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées.

References

External links 
 Official website

Research institutes in France
Research institutes established in 1911
1911 establishments in France
Aerodynamics
Aerospace engineering organizations
North American NA-335. The North American NA-335 was North American Aviation's entry into the US Air Force's 1960s-1970s F-X program, which would later result in the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. 

The NA-335 resembles the T-10/Su-27, however the NA-335 lacked the gap between the engine nacelles, and only a single vertical fin.

Background 
The "F-X" program dates back to 1964, when the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark first flown, visualized to complement or replace the Republic F-105 Thunderchief and McDonnell Douglas F-4C Phantom II fighter-bombers. As air-to-air combat intensified in the Vietnam War, the United States Air Force required a new air superiority fighter.

Specifications

References 

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
NA-335, North American
High-wing aircraft
Twinjets
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
1960s United States fighter aircraft
Ilias Belharouak. Ilias Belharouak is a Moroccan-American chemist and scientist. He is a corporate fellow who heads the electrification section at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, USA. He has contributed to research in high-power density and high-energy density energy storage materials for use in lithium-ion, sodium-ion, solid-state batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries.

At ORNL, Belharouak leads multidisciplinary US Department of Energy sponsored R&D programs focusing on battery energy storage and advanced manufacturing. He has received six R&D 100 Awards and is also an editorial board member of the Journal of Power Sources.

Education 
Belharouak received his bachelor's degree in Inorganic Chemistry from Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco in 1995. He obtained a master's degree in Materials Science in 1996 and a doctoral degree in 1999 from Bordeaux 1 University, France.

Recognition 

 2022 Corporate Fellow by UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
 2022 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine for SolidPAC
 2021 US Federal Laboratory Consortium Award for building cobalt-free battery technologies licensed to Sparkz
 2020 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine for Cobalt-free Li-ion battery cathode material
 2019 Editor for the Special Issue in Journal of Power Sources in celebration of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 2012 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine for High-Energy Concentration-Gradient Cathode Material for Plug-in Hybrids and All-Electric Vehicles
 2008 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine for Advanced High-Power Battery for hybrid electric vehicles
 2005 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine for Bion microsimulator

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Wolf-Dieter Bensinger. Wolf-Dieter Bensinger (26 February 1907 – 17 June 1974) was a German engineer and university professor who contributed significantly to the development of the Wankel rotary engine.

Life and career 

Bensinger was born in Donaueschingen in 1907.

In 1931, Bensinger became head of development at Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt (DVL) in Berlin. At DVL, he developed a sleeve valve system for the Daimler-Benz DB 600. On 20 October 1934, Bensinger married Ilse Margarete Anna, who originated from Stargard, Pommern. Their son was born in 1936. In the 1930s he met Felix Wankel, who became a long-term friend, and with whom Bensinger had a strong bond of trust.

From 1943 or 1944 Besinger worked as an engineer with Daimler-Benz AG in Stuttgart where he became head of New Engine Development. From 1945, Bensinger became head of Passenger Car Engine Development. He designed engines such as the six-cylinder Mercedes-Benz M 180 Otto engine (later used in the Mercedes-Benz W 187 series Type 220), and he contributed to the design of the Mercedes-Benz M 198 Otto engine used in the Mercedes-Benz W 198 series Type 300 SL. In 1959, Bensinger became a procurator with Daimler-Benz AG, and from 1963, he was the leading engineer in Daimler-Benz's passenger car engine development.

In 1960, Bensinger began Wankel engine development at Daimler-Benz, without having a written licence agreement with Wankel or NSU; Bensinger and Wankel, who were friends, had a verbal agreement. Eventually, the licence agreement was signed on 26 October 1961. In 1971, Bensinger received and offer of a professorship at the University of Stuttgart. Contemporaries considered Bensinger a Wankel engine enthusiast.

Works 

Wolf-Dieter Bensinger: Konstruktion und Berechnung von hochbelasteten Zahnrädern. Formeln zur Berechnung der Zahnradabmessungen und zur Aufzeichnung der Verzahnungen, Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, vol. 54, Springer, 1952, p. 256–258
 
 Wolf-Dieter Bensinger, Alfred Meier: Kolben, Pleuel und Kurbelwelle bei schnellaufenden Verbrennungsmotoren, 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 1961, ISBN 9783540027096
 
 Wolf-Dieter Bensinger: Der heutige Entwicklungsstand des Wankelmotors. In: MTZ – Motortechnische Zeitschrift, Vol. 31, No. 1, Springer, 1970, ISSN 0024-8525, p. 10–16

References 

1907 births
1974 deaths
20th-century German engineers
20th-century German inventors
People associated with the internal combustion engine
Academic staff of the University of Stuttgart
North American NA-116. North American NA-116 was a WWII proposal for a four-engined twin-boom heavy bomber.

Specifications
Data from

 Crew: 12 (two pilots, a navigator (also doubling as the bombardier), a radio operator and no fewer than eight machine gunners)
 Length: 85.8 ft (26.2 m)
 Wingspan: 154 ft (47 m)
 Gross weight: 80,000–132,000 lb (36,287–59,874 kg)
 Powerplant: 4 × Pratt & Whitney XR-4360-SSG21-5, 3,450 hp (2,570 kW) each
Performance
 Range: 5,000 mi (8,000 km, 4,300 nmi) (Fully loaded and fully fueled)
Armament
4 x 0.50 caliber heavy machine guns (Nose gunner), 2 x 0.50 cal HMGs installed side-by-side (Dorsal Turret), each dorsal boom turret was outfitted with 2 x 0.50 caliber HMGs 2 x 20mm autocannons positioned at the end of the fuselage in a trainable mounting 2 x 20mm autocannons (Tail boom gun positions)
This equaled 10 x 0.50 caliber HMGs (though as many as 14 may have been carried before the end) and 6 x 20mm autocannons.
Internal bomb load of up to 34,000 lb of drop stores

References

External links 

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
NA-116
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
High-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Differenced one-way doppler. Differenced one-way doppler (DOWD) is a method of spacecraft navigation. The process uses two TDRSS communications relay satellites receiving the same telemetry broadcast from a satellite. The Doppler shifts experienced by both TDRS satellites can be processed using ground equipment to generate trajectory estimates without the need for onboard GPS solutions. The Flight Dynamics Facility at GSFC provides this trajectory processing for NASA missions, though commercial software can also be used.

Before spacecraft GPS navigation was common, satellite navigation in Earth orbit required ground antennas or radar to follow a satellite's transponder signal and interpret range measurements, which could then be fed into a computer to determine the trajectory. The system continues to be in operation as of the third generation of TDRS satellites, which began operations in 2013.

The DOWD concept was described as early as 1980 and the capability was tested first on the WIND and NOAA-J satellite launches in 1994. While the trajectory estimates generated through DOWD for these tests were only marginally useful on their own, it was found that ground-based trajectory estimates were significantly improved by combining their results with the DOWD solution.

References 

Satellite navigation
Doppler effects
Plastistone. Plastistone is the umbrella term for rocks that have fused with plastic. At the end of 2023 there were numerous sightings of green-colored plastic seemingly melted to rocks. It forms from plastic that floats through the ocean and melts to the rocks over time. So far, the stone has appeared on 5 continents. It was recently spotted in March 2023 on the Brazilian remote island of Trindade and has been seen in Hawaii a decade before.

Further reading

References

External link 

 

Rocks
Artificial stone
Plastics and the environment
Pollution
Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve. The Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve is a prosthetic heart valve used in cardiac surgery to replace a damaged or diseased aortic valve. It is a bioprosthetic valve, meaning it is constructed using biological tissues, specifically porcine (pig) valve tissue. This valve is widely utilized in the field of cardiovascular surgery to restore proper blood flow through the heart.

Development  and History 
The Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve was invented by Warren Hancock. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Warren Hancock, an American engineer, collaborated with the medical community to develop a cutting-edge bioprosthetic heart valve. The valve was first introduced by the American company Medtronic. The design of the Hancock valve is based on the concept of xenografts, utilizing pig tissue due to its structural similarities to human heart valves.

Composition 
The Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve is composed of porcine valve tissue mounted within a supporting stent frame. The valve is sewn into a fabric-covered sewing ring, facilitating secure attachment within the patient's aortic annulus during the implantation procedure. The design aims to closely mimic the natural function of the human aortic valve, allowing for efficient blood flow and minimizing the risk of complications.

Applications 
The Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve is commonly used in patients requiring aortic valve replacement due to conditions such as aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation. The choice between a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve depends on various factors, including the patient's age, lifestyle, and medical history.

Advantages 

 Biocompatibility: The use of porcine tissue enhances the biocompatibility of the valve, reducing the risk of adverse reactions and promoting tissue integration.
 Durability: The Hancock valve is designed to withstand the rigors of the cardiovascular system, providing long-term durability and reliability.
 Hemodynamic Performance: The valve's design allows for optimal blood flow, minimizing turbulence and pressure gradients, which is essential for maintaining cardiac function.
 Reduced Anticoagulation Requirement: Unlike mechanical valves, bioprosthetic valves like the Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve may reduce the need for lifelong anticoagulation therapy in some patients.

Disadvantages 
Prosthetic heart valves, including the Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve, are not without drawbacks. Structural degradation is a risk, potentially necessitating reoperation. Studies have indicated the need for ongoing research and improvement in bioprosthetic valve technology to address such concerns

Procedure 
The implantation of the Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve typically involves open-heart surgery. During the procedure, the damaged or diseased native aortic valve is removed, and the prosthetic valve is sutured in its place. The secure attachment of the valve is crucial to ensure proper functionality and prevent complications such as leakage.

References 

Cardiology
Cardiovascular procedures
Surgery
Inventions
Kala (TikToker). Kala (born 1985 or 1986) is an American TikToker known for her content surrounding the excavation of a tunnel under her house, which has earned her the nickname "Tunnel Girl".

Biography 
Kala studied business and finance in college. After graduating, she entered the information technology field as a software engineer.

She bought a two-story home in Herndon, Virginia in 2010. She previously built a two-story addition at the back of her house, with a basement and subbasement underneath.

Tunnel construction 
In August 2022, Kala began construction on a storm shelter in her basement. To prepare, she studied FEMA shelter guidelines and a civil engineering book titled Rock Mass Classification — A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering. She began posting to TikTok about her tunnel construction in October 2022, telling viewers she was undertaking the project to challenge herself. 

Kala's followers initially consisted primarily of electricians and mining and civil engineers.

In the course of excavating under her home, Kala also found building stones, which she began to mine and save for later projects. By August 2023, Kala had begun referring to the project as an "underground tunnel system", and had built a makeshift elevator to remove rock and dirt from the tunnel. Around the same time, her content had begun to reach more users, who expressed concerns about the safety and legality of her project.

By November 2023, she had accumulated 330,000 TikTok followers. At the time, she said she had spent about $50,000 on the project. Although Kala had undertaken the majority of work herself, her friends also occasionally helped.

On December 7, 2023, the tunnel was inspected by local building authorities and declared unsafe, and Kala was told to vacate her home until an engineer could evaluate the structure. In late December, concern continued to spread online regarding whether the tunnel could negatively impact Kala's neighbors. On December 31, Kala announced on her TikTok that city officials had told her to halt construction. She reassured her viewers that she would cooperate with a mandatory evaluation by an engineer, and would continue to pursue proper permitting. At the time, she had more than 500,000 followers.

See also 
 Colin Furze, another tunneling social media figure
 Nick Tobler, TikToker known as the "eel pit guy"

References 

1980s births
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American engineers
American software engineers
American TikTokers
People from Herndon, Virginia
Tunnels in Virginia
YouTubers from Virginia