omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kawanishi K-1. Kawanishi's first aircraft, the Kawanishi K-1, was designed as a mail carrier. It was the first Japanese aircraft to receive a Certificate of Airworthiness from the Aviation Bureau. It won a prize in a national contest but was not a commercial success and only one was built.

Design and development
Design work on the K-1 began in February 1921 and construction was completed in December 1920. It had an American engine and was influenced by current American engineering practices.

With an all-wood structure and fabric covering it was a two bay biplane with rectangular plan wings, each bay separated by parallel pairs of interplane struts. The upper wing was joined to the fuselage by a cabane formed by parallel pairs of short struts on each side. The lower wing passed just below the fuselage.

The K-1 was powered by a  Hall-Scott L-6 water-cooled six cylinder inline mounted in a bullet-shaped nose. Behind the engine the fuselage was flat-sided with rounded decking. There were two open cockpits close together, the forward one under the trailing edge of the wing, which had a cut-out to improve the upward field of view. The tail was conventional with generous horizontal surfaces mounted on top of the fuselage.

Its landing gear was fixed and conventional with a short tail skid but details of the main legs and wheels are lacking.

The first flight was made around the turn of 1920-1. Later, it was re-engined  with a  Daimler engine and directional stability was improved was increased with a new, long, low, flat-topped fin of greater area.

Operational history
In May 1921, quite soon after the first flight, the K-1 competed in the Second Prize-winning Flight Competition, sponsored by the Imperial Flying Association. Flown by Yukicho Goto, it won the distance prize with a flight of  in 4 hr 50 min. It also gained second prize in the speed contest, reaching .

The Japanese Aviation Bureau began issuing Certificates of Airworthiness on 11 May 1921 and the K-1 received the first of these.

Despite its competition success, the K-1 was not accepted as a commercial mail carrier and only one was built.

Specifications

References

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s Japanese civil aircraft
Mailplanes
K-1
LAU-127. The LAU-127, LAU-128, LAU-129 and LAU-139 are a part of  Missile Rail launcher (MRL) family of aircraft missile launchers manufactured by Marvin Engineering Co., Inc., based in Inglewood, California.

The Marvin LAU-127 enables the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet multirole combat aircraft to carry and launch the AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM, as well as the AIM-9L, M, and X variants of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile. The launcher also provides the mechanical and electrical interface between the missile systems and the F/A-18 aircraft, as well as enabling the two-way data communications between the weapon and the aircraft's cockpit controls and displays.

The LAU-127 fires a missile from weapon stations under the wing of the aircraft, mounted to pylons, or on wingtip hard points. When configured on the wing tips, LAU-127 attaches directly to the aircraft wing, as seen on the empty leftmost wingtip station in the picture of the F/A-18E, to launch a variant of the AIM-9 missile. When configured under the wings to fire the AIM-120, LAU-127 attaches to a Raytheon LAU-115C/A guided missile rail launcher, which in turn is suspended from a Marvin BRU-32 bomb ejection rack that is attached to one of two SUU-79/SUU-80 pylon stations underneath each aircraft wings.

The LAU-127 can be integrated with McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A/B/C/D variants of the Hornet, the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, and the Boeing EA-18G Growler. The launcher features a power supply and bottled nitrogen or a self-contained compressor, such as a HiPPAG, for missile seeker cooling. The weights vary slightly among the different variants (LAU-127A/A to LAU-127F/A), and the LAU-127C/A HiPPAG units equipped with Pure Air Generating System (PAGS) are also slightly longer than the versions equipped with nitrogen bottles (LAU-127A/A, B/A, and E/A). The units with nitrogen bottles contain a ADU-729/E Nitrogen Receiver Adapter to hold the bottles.

The LAU-128 is a version that is integrated for all models of McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. It requires an ADU-552 (Missile Launcher Adapter) to provide sufficient wing clearance. Variants include the LAU-128A/A, LAU-128B/A, and LAU-128D/A. It is capable of firing similarly-sized non U.S. munitions like Python/Derby and IRIS-T.

The LAU-129 is integrated with General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon. The U.S. variant is the LAU-129A/A; foreign military sales variants include  LAU-129B/A, LAU-129C/A, LAU-129D/A, LAU-129E/A and LAU-129F/A. It is also capable of firing similarly-sized non U.S. munitions. 

The LAU-139 for the Saab JAS 39 Gripen is also a variation of the LAU-127 Launcher.

MRL is also used surface-based launchers such as NASAMS-3 common rail for canister launcher and open launcher variants, and the AMRDEC Multi-Mission Launcher.

See also
High Pressure Pure Air Generator

References

Aircraft weapons
Military equipment of the United States
Wen Fubo. Wen Fubo (; 4 August 1925 – 28 October 2020) was a Chinese engineer specialized in water conservation.

Biography
Wen was born in Taojiang County, Hunan, on 4 August 1925. In October 1943, he entered National Central University, where he majored in water conservation. In 1944, he joined the Chinese Expeditionary Force. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1949. After a brief term in the government, he worked at the Nanjing Yangtze River Water Conservancy Bureau in October 1949. In January 1950, he became an official at the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission, where he was promoted to its director in January 1986. He was design team leader of Danjiangkou Water Control Project and Gezhouba Water Control Project. He retired in July 2018. On 28 October 2020, he died of illness in Wuhan, Hubei, at the age of 95.

Personal life
Wen had three children.

Honours and awards
 1985 State Science and Technology Progress Award for Gezhouba Water Control Project (Special Award)
 1994 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1925 births
2020 deaths
People from Taojiang County
Engineers from Hunan
Changjun High School alumni
National Central University alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Birla Precision Technologies. Birla Precision Technologies Limited is an Indian engineering company. It was established in 1937, and is a part of Yash Birla Group. 

Birla Precision Tech has 5 divisions, spread over 4 factories. It is mainly in the auto component and industrial engineering domain. The company exports to more than 25 countries. It is listed on the BSE Stock Exchange. The chairman & managing director of the company is Vedant Birla.

Earlier JVs made in the group include Birla Yamaha, Birla 3M, Birla Kennametal, Birla Perucchini, Birla Delonghi, Dagger Forst, South Pacific Viscose, etc. Major customers of the companies include Cummins, Honeywell, government engineering companies, defence, and aerospace.

References

Yash Birla Group
Indian brands
Manufacturing companies based in Mumbai
Indian companies established in 1937
Manufacturing companies established in 1937
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
Millicent Sullivan. Millicent Sullivan is an American chemical engineer and the Alvin B. & Julie O. Stiles Professor of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and department chair at the University of Delaware. She is a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. Her research considers the development of polymeric materials for targeted drug delivery and the mechanisms that underpin cell – drug interactions.

Early life and education 
Sullivan completed her undergraduate studies at Princeton University. She moved to Carnegie Mellon University for her graduate research, where she focussed on chemical engineering. Sullivan was a Ruth L. Kirschstein postdoctoral fellow at the Benaroya Research Institute. At Benaroya Sullivan worked alongside the biochemist Emily Helene Sage.

Research and career 
In 2006 Sullivan joined the University of Delaware. Sullivan is interested in how therapeutics, including nucleic acid treatments and conventional pharmaceuticals, interact with abnormally behaving cells. Targeted drug release offers the potential to improve the prognosis of various medical conditions. At the University of Delaware she was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award that allowed her to study the interaction of cells with gene delivery systems. She makes use polymer-base biomaterials to package DNA-based therapeutics.

She was selected to attend the National Academy of Engineering Frontiers Symposium in 2010. Alongside drug delivery, Sullivan looks to better understand the process of wound healing. She makes use of advanced gene therapies to help people with chronic, non-healing conditions. She has published over 70 scholarly articles that have accrued over 2,000 citations.

Awards and honours 

 2011 Outstanding Junior Faculty
 2013 Georgia Tech Frontiers in Bioengineering Young Investigator
 2017 Elected Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
 2020 Fulbright Program Fellowship

Select publications

Personal life 
Sullivan plays the violin.

References 

Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
University of Delaware faculty
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Princeton University alumni
Biomedical engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Gas-assisted injection molding. Gas-assisted injection molding is a molding process where an inert gas is injected into the melted plastic pushing it further into the mold and resulting in hollow parts.

Basic concept

The basic concept of the gas-assisted molding process is quite similar to the regular injection molding process. In gas-assisted molding, the plastic material is injected into the mold cavities like the regular injection molding process but only up to 70%~80% of the mold volume. The melted plastic in contact with the mold walls begins to solidify, then nitrogen gas is injected into the mold through strategically designed and placed gas inlets, providing pressure that pushes the plastic into the mold extremities. The path of the bubble is controlled by taking the path of least resistance through the hottest, least viscous plastic, which keeps it centered from the colder walls of the mold. Finally the molded part is ejected like the regular injection molding process.

Advantages
This process forms hollow parts that are cheaper than traditionally injection molded equivalents. Molded parts also cool faster in this process. There is also usually less shrinkage as the thicker wall sections are hollow.

Some of the benefits of this process are:

 Thicker parts
 Low clamp force
 Lightweight products
 Reduced part deformation (warpage)
 Minimal residual stresses
 No sink marks
 Greener

Disadvantages
This molding technique is very difficult to apply to multi-cavity molds, especially if the cavity sizes are dissimilar. Clear or transparent plastic materials are an inappropriate option for this technique as the cosmetic-appearance can deteriorate.

See also
 Rotational molding (also produces hollow parts)
 Direct injection expanded foam molding
 Fusible core injection molding
 Metal injection molding
 Multi-material injection molding
 Reaction injection molding

References

External links
Precision Machining

Injection molding
John Crocker (physicist). John C. Crocker (born 1968 in Stoughton, Massachusetts) is an American physicist and chemical engineer. He is a Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania.

Crocker's research is focused in soft matter physics, nanotechnology and cell mechanics.

Education
Crocker studied Physics at the University of Chicago, graduating with an AB in Physics in 1990. He continued his graduate studies at the University of Chicago and completed this program in 1996, receiving AM and PhD degrees in Physics, under the supervision of David G. Grier. This was followed by postdoctoral study with Arjun G. Yodh and David A. Weitz at the University of Pennsylvania.

Career
In 2000, following his postdoctoral work, Crocker was appointed as Assistant Professor in Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology. In 2001, he moved to become Skirkanich Assistant Professor of Innovation in Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. Crocker was promoted to Associate Professor in 2007, and full Professor in 2014.

Research
Crocker is known for his early work on particle tracking in two- and three-dimensions, and the measurement of small forces between colloidal micro particles using optical tweezers. His other significant work includes the development of two-point microrheology and its application to cell mechanics and force spectrum microscopy measurements, as well as the use of DNA hybridization to direct the formation of novel colloidal crystals. His later work involves the use of energy landscape methods to understanding soft glassy materials, such as foams and the actomyosin cytoskeleton.

Awards and honors
1995 - Grainger Graduate Fellowship for Experimental Physics
2002 - Fellow of the David & Lucile Packard Foundation
2005 - “Brilliant 10”, Popular Science Magazine
2018 - Fellow of the American Physical Society

Selected articles
Crocker JC, Grier DG, Methods of digital video microscopy for colloidal studies, J Colloid Interface Sci, 179 298–310, 1996.
Weeks ER, Crocker JC, Levitt AC, Schofield A, Weitz DA, Three-dimensional direct imaging of structural relaxation near the colloidal glass transition, Science, 287 627–631, 2000.
Crocker JC, Grier DG, Microscopic Measurement of the Pair Interaction Potential of Charge-Stabilized Colloid, Phys Rev Lett, 73 352–355, 1994.
Crocker JC, Valentine MT, Weeks ER, Gisler T, Kaplan PD, Yodh AG, Weitz DA, Two-point microrheology of inhomogeneous soft materials, Phys Rev Lett, 85 888–891, 2000.
Lau AWC, Hoffman BD, Davies A, Crocker JC, Lubensky TC, Microrheology, stress fluctuations, and active behavior of living cells, Phys Rev Lett, 91, 198101-(1-4), 2003.

References

Living people
1968 births
American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of Chicago alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Fengshen E30. The Fengshen E30 and Fengshen E30L is an all-electric car that is manufactured by the Chinese manufacturer Dongfeng Fengshen or Aeolus.

Overview
The Fengshen E30 was revealed in 2011 as the Dongfeng EJ02 EV. The name was changed to Dongfeng EV1 in early 2012 and was changed again to Fengshen E30 in April 2012 while on display at the Beijing Auto Show with production confirmed in 2013 and the final market launch in March 2015. The E30 is the short-wheelbase two-seater version, and the E30L is the longer four-seater version, with the E30L adding 30 centimeters to the wheelbase of the E30.

The Fengshen E30 and Fengshen E30L are both powered by an electric motor producing 34PS (25 kW), capable of an 80 km/h top speed. Dongfeng claims a range of  from a single charge.

References

External links
 Official Website

Production electric cars
2010s cars
Fengshen E30
Cars introduced in 2011
Cars of China
French frigate Auvergne. Auvergne (D654) is an Aquitaine-class frigate of the French Navy. The Aquitaine class were developed from the FREMM multipurpose frigate program.

Development and design 
Original plans were for 17 FREMM to replace the nine  avisos and nine anti-submarine frigates of the  and es. In November 2005 France announced a contract of €3.5 billion for development and the first eight hulls, with options for nine more costing €2.95 billion split over two tranches (totaling 17).

Following the cancellation of the third and fourth of the s in 2005 on budget grounds, requirements for an air-defence derivative of the FREMM called FREDA were placed – with DCNS coming up with several proposals. Expectations were that the last two ships of the 17 FREMM planned would be built to FREDA specifications; however, by 2008 the plan was revised down to just 11 FREMM (9 ASW variants and 2 FREDA variants) at a cost of €8.75 billion (FY13, ~US$12 billion). The 11 ships would cost €670 million (~US$760m) each in FY2014, or €860m (~US$980m) including development costs. In 2015, the total number of ASW variants was further reduced to just six units, including Auvergne.

Construction and career 
Auvergne was developed as part of a joint Italian-French program known as FREMM, which was implemented to develop a new class of frigates for use by various European navies. Constructed from 2012. The frigate Auvergne was launched on 2 September 2015 and commissioned in 2018. 

In late 2021/early 2022, just prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the frigate deployed to the Black Sea for exercises with the Bulgarian and other NATO navies. The frigate departed the Black Sea prior to the outbreak of hostilities.

She was initially home ported at Toulon, but transferred to the naval base at Brest in December 2022.

References 

2015 ships
Aquitaine-class frigates
Ships built in France
Mike Xie. Yi Min “Mike” Xie is a Distinguished Professor and Director of the CISM Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials Team within School of Engineering at RMIT University.

Early life and education 
Xie was born in China and attended Shanghai Jiao Tong University obtaining his Bachelor's degree in Engineering Mechanics. Later he studied at Swansea University and received a PhD degree in Computational Mechanics.

Career 

Xie came to Australia and joined the University of Sydney in the 1990's where he carried out research on the Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) method which has become a popular method used in topology optimization. He was appointed a Lecturer at Victoria University promoted to Senior Lecturer, then Associate Professor and eventually Professor. He moved to RMIT University in the early 2000's as Professor and Head of Civil & Infrastructure engineering for the coming years.

Honours 
 He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2011.
 In 2017, he received the Clunies-Ross Award from the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering. In the same year, he was awarded the AGM Michell Medal by Engineers Australia.
He was awarded the Australian Laureate Fellowship in 2019 by the Australian Research Council.
In the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours List, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM), for "significant service to higher education, and to civil engineering".
He was awarded the Victoria Prize for Science and Innovation in 2020.

References 

1963 births
Living people
Shanghai Jiao Tong University alumni
Alumni of Swansea University
Members of the Order of Australia
Engineers from Jiangsu
Academic staff of RMIT University
EMU1200 series. The EMU1200 series is a series of electric multiple unit passenger trains operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). The train was originally known as the EMU200 series until all of its cars were refurbished between 2002 and 2004. It is one of the trains that are used for the Tze-Chiang Limited Express.

History 

In 1978, the TRA introduced the Tze-Chiang class of trains with the EMU100 series running on newly-electrified tracks between Taipei and Taichung. This service proved to be extremely popular, prompting the TRA to purchase more trains to meet demand. In 1984, the TRA awarded Union Carriage & Wagon (UC&W) to build 33 railcars with three cars in each trainset, to be named as the EMU200 series. The trains were built between 1986 and 1987; notably, parts for the last three trainsets (numbered 209-211) were manufactured by UC&W and assembled in Taiwan by Tang Eng Iron Works. All cars entered service on 28 July 1987.

With the introduction of the E1000 series in 1996, the TRA saw the need to update the aging EMU200 series, which was plagued with reliability issues. The contract was given to Taiwan Rolling Stock Company (TRSC) and was done between 2002 and 2004. Then, the trains were given a new designation as the EMU1200 series. Despite the refurbishment, the train still proved to be unreliable. Plans to retire the train were disclosed in 2015. As of 2016, the train only runs twice a day by making a round trip between Changhua and Chaozhou, a section that is mostly flat to not cause excessive stress on the train. The train was retired on 28 March 2022, with its final journey departing from Fangliao to Changhua.

Features 
The EMU200 series ran in a three-car formation, with the motor cars on the two ends and a pantograph on the middle car. General Electric Company supplied the traction system. The EMU200 series' livery followed the same yellow and orange pattern on the EMU100 series. When the train was refurbished into the EMU1200 series, TRSC altered the trains to run in a nine-car formation along with automatic doors. The livery was also changed to a white and red pattern, giving it the nickname "red zebra".

References

External links 
 
 

Electric multiple units of Taiwan
1987 establishments in Taiwan
2022 disestablishments in Taiwan
25 kV AC multiple units
Watson, Newell & Company Factory. The Watson, Newell & Company Factory is a historic industrial complex at 67 Mechanic Street in Attleboro, Massachusetts.  Built between 1889 and 1947, it is located on the site of the city's first textile mill, and was home to a prominent jewelry manufacturer for many years.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

Description and history
The former Watson, Newell complex is located west of downtown Attleboro, in a largely residential area.  It is set on more than , bounded on the south by Mechanic Street, and the north by the Ten Mile River.  The river is partially diverted through the property, providing water power for the early textile mills set on the site.  The main structures of the mill are three and four stories in height, built with brick exteriors and heavy timber framing on the interior.  The main buildings are long and comparatively narrow, a form dictated by the manufacturing requirements of machine-made jewelry.

This site's industrial use began in 1811, when a textile manufacturer dammed the river.  The textile complex was heavily damaged by fire c. 1885, and although partially rebuilt, was never used again for that purpose.  The Watson & Newell Company, founded in 1874 as Cobb, Gould, purchased the property in 1889, and commissioned the construction of the present complex's Building One.  The company manufactured a variety of silver products, including buttons, pins, flatware, and souvenir spoons, employing more than 200 people at the site.  The company remained in business on this site until 1955, when it was sold and its operations relocated to Wallingford, Connecticut.  The complex presently houses a variety of small manufacturing operations.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bristol County, Massachusetts

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Bristol County, Massachusetts
Attleboro, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Bristol County, Massachusetts
1889 establishments in Massachusetts
List of equipment of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force. This is a list of equipment of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force.

Air defense missile systems

Man-portable air-defense systems

Air defense artillery systems

See also

 Iranian military industry
 List of military equipment manufactured in Iran
 List of aircraft of the Iranian Air Force
 List of aircraft of the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
 List of current ships of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
 List of equipment of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
 List of equipment of the Iranian Army
 Tanks of Iran

References

Equipment