omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chyetverikov TA. The TA (Transportnaya Amfibiya – transport amphibian) was an amphibious transport designed and built in the USSR in 1945.

Development 
Chyetverikov designed and built the TA immediately after World War II, as an amphibious transport using Duralumin stressed skin construction. The capacious hull had seats for six to eight passengers and room for 1,000 kg of cargo as well as the electrically operated retractable undercarriage which retracted into the sides of the hull vertically. The untapered wing sat atop a short pylon braced by 'N' struts and had electrically operated slotted flaps and fixed floats, as well as the engine nacelles.

The first aircraft was completed in June 1947 and carried out sea and flight trials until the undercarriage collapsed on landing in November 1947. Repairs were carried out, but the Chyetverikov OKB was closed at the end of 1948 before flight trials could resume.

The second aircraft, designated TA-1, had semicircular wing-tips, retractable wing-tip floats and area increasing flaps, (similar to Fowler flaps), as well as other minor changes. Trials were completed and a report submitted by 20 June 1948 but production was not authorised.
The third prototype was completed as the TAF (Transportnaya Amfibiya Fotografichyeskii – transport amphibian, photographic), for use as a reconnaissance or survey aircraft. The outer wings were tapered and had a larger span. The TAF was flown successfully late in 1948 but the OKB was closed before any further work could be carried out.

Variants 
 TA – The first prototype of the TA.
 TA-1 – The second prototype of the TA with retractable floats, area increasing flaps and other changes.
 TAF – The third of the TA family was a photographic (possibly survey) aircraft with tapered outer wings of greater span.

Specifications (TA)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 
 Taylor, Michael J.H. . “ Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions. London. 1989.  

1940s Soviet civil utility aircraft
Flying boats
TA
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Amphibious aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Kofler bench. A Kofler bench, or Kofler heating bar; Kofler hot bar; Kofler hot bench, in German, Kofler-Heizbank, is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range room temperature to 300°C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point.  The gradient is engineered to be approximately linear.

This melting-point apparatus for use with a microscope was developed by the Austrian pharmacognosist Ludwig Kofler (30 November 1891 Dornbirn - 23 August 1951 Innsbruck) and his wife mineralogist Adelheid Kofler. In 1936, the Koflers and Mayrhofer published their "Mikroskopische Methoden in der Mikrochemie" [Kofler, L., A. Kofler and Mayrhofer, A. (1936)], Kofler and Kofler published their "Thermomikromethoden" [Kofler L., and A. Kofler (1954)] in 1954. The integration of microscope and Kofler bench is known as the Kofler hot stage microscope.

Kofler, his wife Adelheid, and their colleague, Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter, investigated numerous organic molecules, and published some 250 papers describing their work.

Thermomicroscopy, incepted by Ludwig and Adelheid Kofler and developed further by Maria Kuhnert-Brandstätter (1919–2011) and Walter C. McCrone used the technique for studying the phases of solid drug substances.

See also
Melting point

References

Further reading

External links
Department of Pharmacognosy at the University of Innsbruck

Measuring instruments
Microscopy
Anatoly Belyaev. Anatoly Ivanovich Belyaev (1906–1967) founded the school of metallurgy of light non-ferrous metals and semi-conducting materials. He was Professor of Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. He was head of the department of metallurgy of light metals in the Moscow Institute of Non-ferrous Metals and Gold from 1943 to 1963.
From 1962 to 1967 he was organizer and head of the chair for producing pure metals and semi-conducting materials in MISIS.

Basic studies
Physico-chemical properties of fused electrolytes, in particular, chloride melts and their role in melting aluminum alloys
Electrolytic aluminum and magnesium production,
Theory of anode effect occurrence;
Processes of electrolysis  production of primary aluminum using lithium additives in the form of lithium fluoride
Problems in the high-purity aluminum production,
Elaboration of the method to remove impurities from aluminum by means of transport reactions  through subhalogenides,
Aluminum electric refining in the high-purity metal production, surface phenomena in fused salts,
Production processes of particularly pure metals and semi-conducting materials,
Metallurgy of aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, lithium, zirconium, etc.
Designed fluxing material compositions are applied in production.

Publications
"Non-ferrous metals", 1957, No. 9. Chu Ianiang, Belayev A. I.
"Proceedings of metallurgists. Non-ferrous metallurgy", 1959, No. 2.
"Metallurgy of light metals. General course" (Higher school manual). Metallurgizdat, 1940, 1944, 1949, 1954, 1962 (6 publications)
"Surface phenomena in metallurgical processes". Metallurgizdat, 1952.
"Physico-chemical principles in purification of metals and semi-conducting materials". Publishing House of MISiS, 1965.
"Physical chemistry of fused salts". Metallurgizdat, 1957.
"Electrolytic aluminum production". Metallurgizdat, 1941.
"Electrometallurgy of aluminum". Metallurgizdat, 1953.
"Monovalent aluminum in metallurgical processes"
"Pure aluminum production"
"Metallurgy of pure metals and semi-conductors", together with L.A. Firsanova and  E.A. Zhemchuzhina.

References

1906 births
1967 deaths
Soviet metallurgists
NLR Air Transport Safety Institute. The NLR Air Transport Safety Institute (NLR-ATSI) is a research and consultancy organisation embedded in the National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands (NLR). NLR-ATSI is one of the largest institutes of its kind in Europe. The institute was officially opened by Prof. Pieter van Vollenhoven on October 31, 2007. NLR-ATSI is a not-for-profit organisation with 32 employees. Around the world, NLR helps all air transportation stakeholders understand and address the complex safety challenges of new technologies and operations required for air transportation development. NLP's clients include air navigation service providers, aviation authorities, airports and airlines.

The institute advises government and industry in the Netherlands and abroad on air transport safety issues. The services provided by NLR-ATSI can be divided into the following expert areas:
 Safety Management
 Safety regulation
 Safety cases and safety assessments
 Operational and flight technical assessments
 Air safety data analysis
 Safety modelling for advanced operations
 Incident & Accident investigation
 Safety training
 Security

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) uses data from NLR-ATSI on the operation of aircraft for commercial air transport for their annual safety review.

References

External links
 NLR-ATSI Home page
 NLR Home Page
 Introduction NLR-ATSI
 ProGA (SESAR WP-E research project led by NLR-ATSI)
 ASCOS (European Commission research project led by NLR-ATSI)

Research institutes in the Netherlands
Aerospace companies of the Netherlands
Compound device. A USB compound device contains an embedded USB hub and one or more non-removable USB devices.  It may or may not have exposed downstream ports.

The internal USB hub may be a physical IC that connects to other ICs, or the hub and all functions may be implemented in software on a single IC (though it is more common to integrate them as a composite device in this case).  Compound devices have separate device addresses assigned to the hub and each downstream function, while composite devices have a single address.  The hub's descriptors indicate whether it is part of a compound device or a regular hub with only removable devices.

This arrangement is used by wireless receivers for cordless keyboards and mice (where the mouse and keyboard are separate devices connected to the compound device) and sometimes for printers which have memory card slots.

References 

USB
Xunlight Corporation. Xunlight Corporation was a technology company that specialized in the development of high-performance, flexible, and lightweight solar modules. Xunlight used a high-speed roll-to-roll manufacturing process to develop thin-film silicon-based photovoltaic solutions. In 2014, the company filed for bankruptcy.

History

The company was established in January 2002 as Midwest Optoelectronics, LLC (MWOE) by Xunming Deng, a University of Toledo's physics professor and, his wife, Liwei Xu. The company was given license to technology developed at the University of Toledo's Thin Film Silicon Photovoltaic Laboratory.

In May 2003, MWOE receives its first grant from United States Department of Energy's Small Business Innovation Research.

In January 2006, MWOE and UT reach an exclusive license agreement for four sets of technology portfolios developed in the Thin Film Silicon Photovoltaic Laboratory.

In April 2006, Xunlight was formed and all MWOE operations were reorganized into Xunlight.

In May 2007, Xunlight receives Series A investment of $7 million. In July, Xunlight moves its headquarters from the incubator at the University of Toledo to a 122,000 sq. ft. manufacturing facility at 3145 Nebraska Ave. By September, Xunlight received another $3 million in government funding which included a $1.9 million grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Two months later, the Lucas County announced that it would make a $2 million investment in Xunlight.

In April 2008, Xunlight receives Series B investment of $33 million. In June, Xunlight receives $5 million grant from Ohio Department of Development. Xunlight demonstrates first solar cell deposition on 2MW roll-to-roll pilot production line. In December, Xunlight receives $7 million loan from the State of Ohio.

In June 2009,  Xunlight successfully completes the installation and demonstration of its 25MW high-throughput, wide-web, roll-to-roll photovoltaic manufacturing process. Xunlight (Kunshan) Co., Ltd is established as Xunlight`s China factory. In September, Xunlight delivers and installs its first shipment of solar modules to its first customer, the University of Toledo.

References

Solar energy companies of the United States
Robert Malkin. Robert A. Malkin is an engineer specializing in medical instrumentation for the developing world.

At Duke, Malkin is an Emeritus professor of the practice of Biomedical Engineering, professor of the practice of global health, and an affiliate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society.

He is best known for his work concerning medical equipment design for the developing world, for which he was named among Today's Engineering Heroes by IEEE in 2015.

Pratt Pouch 
Among his work, the best-known technology is the "Pratt Pouch," a ketchup packet-like envelope containing antiretroviral drugs. The pouch is credited with saving thousands of lives in South America and Africa.

Named for Duke's Pratt School of Engineering, the pouch was developed by Malkin in collaboration with Duke undergraduate engineering students. In 2012, the World Health Organization placed the pouch on its Top 10 Most Innovative Health Technologies list.

Organizations Founded 
Malkin founded Engineering World Health, a nonprofit which delivers technical expertise and medical equipment to the developing world. He also founded The Global Public Service Academies an organization that places high school students in developing world clinics and hospitals. He also founded The International Research Institute of North Carolina an organization that places high school students in university laboratories.

Working at Duke, Malkin helped launch several efforts for making and distributing medical devices for the developing world including a bili light company called PhotoGenesis Medical and a colposcope project at Family Health Ministries.

Early years and education 

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Malkin earned a master's and a PhD in electrical engineering from Duke University and two bachelor's from The University of Michigan.

Malkin is a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and an expert advisor to WHO committees on health care technology.

References 

Duke University faculty
Living people
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Engineers from Cleveland
Duke University Pratt School of Engineering alumni
Karzakan. Karzakan () is a village in Bahrain. It lies along the western coast of Bahrain Island.  The seventeenth-century theologian Salih Al-Karzakani hailed from this village.
This village is also the birthplace of chemical engineer Mohammed Ebrahim. Who has made numerous contributions to Bahraini Chemical engineering

References
 Bahrain: A Tale of Two Villages, Jeff Black, RTÉ World Report, May 3, 2008

Populated places in the Northern Governorate, Bahrain
Populated coastal places in Bahrain
Waldo Stakes. Waldo Stakes (born 23 November 1955) is an American general contractor and designer of high speed vehicles. Stakes is planning to break the world land speed record using a rocket car powered by a second-hand X-15 rocket engine, which he has named the Sonic Wind Land Speed Research Vehicle.

Stakes was a founder and one-time curator of the Saxon Aerospace Museum in Boron, California.

Stakes was a collaborator with "Mad" Mike Hughes in his attempts to achieve suborbital flight using a steam-driven rocket.

References

External links
 Sonic Wind Official Page
 Imagine LSRV Official Page

Land speed record people
1955 births
Living people
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering is a peer-reviewed bimonthly scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering covers all aspects of biotechnology and bioengineering. The editor-in-chief of the journal is Jong Won Yun (Daegu University) and Sang Yup Lee (KAIST). The founding editors-in-chief were Cha-Yong Choi (Seoul National University), Ho Nam Chang (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), and Sun Bok Lee (POSTECH).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in EMBASE, EMBiology, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, IBIDS, International Abstracts in Operations Research, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2021 impact factor is 3.386

References

External links
 

Biotechnology journals
Bimonthly journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1996
Cooper-Bessemer. Cooper-Bessemer was a brand of industrial engines and compressors manufactured in Mount Vernon, Ohio. The Cooper-Bessemer Corporation was formed when the C. & G. Cooper Company (founded in 1833) and the Bessemer Gas Engine Company (founded in 1899) merged in 1929. In 1965, the company was renamed to Cooper Industries and relocated to Houston, Texas. In the 1990s, Cooper Industries' Petroleum and Industrial Equipment Group was spun off to become Cooper Cameron Corporation, known as the Compression Systems group of Cameron International Corporation. Cooper Machinery Services is the current original equipment manufacturer for Cooper-Bessemer engines.

Products

Engines
In 1929, Cooper-Bessemer products included gas engine-driven compressors, stationary and marine diesel engines, and gasoline engines. During World War II, Cooper-Bessemer contributed to the war effort by manufacturing diesel engines for troop and cargo ships, as well as warships, tugboats, and rescue and patrol boats. Cooper-Bessemer gas engines were widely used in the production of rubber, alloys, light metals, high-octane aircraft fuel, and synthetic ammonia for munitions, and in refineries, chemical plants, shipyards, and petroleum pipelines. Many early GE diesel locomotives had Cooper-Bessemer engines.

Compressors
From the 1920s to the 1980s, the company manufactured thousands of Cooper-Bessemer integral engine-compressors, including the GMV, GMW, and GMX series, and the V-250, V-275, W-330, Z-330, and QUAD compressors. These compressors used a "compact, V-angle engine design with an articulated connecting-rod arrangement, allowing power piston connecting rods to drive onto one master compressor rod for each throw of the crankshaft." "The GMV integral-angle gas engine-compressor was a major contributor to the world’s economy for more than a half century, providing compression energy for natural-gas transmission, gas treatment, and petrochemical, refinery, and power industries in the United States and 44 countries around the world."

Current ownership
Thousands of Cooper-Bessemer engines continue to operate today. General Electric bought this product line from Cameron in 2014. Cooper Machinery Services is the current original equipment manufacturer for Cooper-Bessemer engines.

References

External links
 Cooper Machinery Services - Cooper-Bessemer

American companies established in 1833
Manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Manufacturing companies established in 1833
Neuhof Substation. Neuhof Substation is a 110 kV substation in Neuhof, an urban part of Bad Sachsa, Lower Saxony. The Neuhof substation went in service in 1985 and was connected with a 110 kV-powerline for three phase alternating current with the Wolkramshausen substation in former East Germany. It was therefore one of the few substations in former West Germany, into which electricity from GDR was fed. Through the Neuhof substation up to 40 MVA could be imported. Up to 25 MVA of the imported power could be fed via 5 rotary motor-generators, which were manufactured by Siemens and used for the compensation of frequency fluctuations of the East German power grid, into the power grid of West Germany. Additionally power was fed directly from the East German power grid into the grids of Bad Sachsa, Walkenried, Zorge and Wieda. The converters consisted of a three-phase asynchronous motor with a short circuited rotor on the driving side and an asynchronous generator with a slip-ring fed rotor, whereby the frequency adjustment was made by a static frequency inverter, which feeds the rotor. Startup of a converter took place using the slip-ring rotor with a conventional starter circuit. After the converter had reached its nominal speed, the short circuited rotor was connected, which then took over the drive. In April 1990 the plant was shut down and between 2003 and 2005 the machines were dismantled. The machine halls stand still today and are used by Harzenergie for internal purposes.

External links 

 http://www.stwbadsachsa.de/aktuell_geschichte.html 
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071008103508/http://www.walter-schossig.de/Deutsch/Literatur/Aufsatze/SD_PDF_6090.pdf

1985 establishments in West Germany
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Converter stations
Energy infrastructure completed in 1985
Osterode (district)
Project SQUID. Project SQUID was a United States defense effort post-World War II effort to develop and improve pulsejet and rocket engines, run by the Office of Naval Research.

It was started by discovery of the German Argus As 014 pulsejet used on the V1 buzzbomb, which was reverse-engineered as the Republic Ford JB-2, the first American cruise missile.  It produced extensive research in the areas of computational flow dynamics , and was used to improve the design of the experimental Fairchild XH-26 Jeep Jet, which used pulsejets on the rotor tips instead of a central engine.  The research led to development of pulse detonation engines, which have been suggested as the engines powering the postulated Aurora spyplane.

External links
Developments in high-speed-vehicle propulsion systems: S. N. B. Murthy, E. T. Curran
Project SQUID: Compressible Flow through Reed Valves for Pulse Jet Engines: Torda, Paul; Villalba, I. P.; Brick, J. H.

Jet engines
Aircraft engines
ZMP INC.. ZMP Inc. is a Japanese robotics company. The company was established in January 2001, based on the research results encouraged the Kitano Symbiotic System Project, under the jurisdiction of Japan's MEXT. Their first product released was the humanoid robot PINO in 2001.

The company's name comes from the Zero Moment Point, a physical quantity related to the dynamics of legged systems.

More recently, they released the humanoid robot nuvo in 2005 and the music robot miuro in 2006.

In 2009, the research platform for next generation cars RoboCar was released.

In 2008, ZMP and 3 other Japanese robot companies (Tmsuk Co Ltd, Vstone Co Ltd, and Business Design Laboratory Co Ltd)  teamed up in an effort to promote the diffusion of robotic technologies in everyday life. This effort was called the 'Association for Market Creation of the Future Generation Robots'.

In July 2015, Sony teamed up with ZMP Inc. to form a Joint venture called Aerosense, to create commercial drones for the survey and inspection of difficult to access (e.g. remote) areas. The following month, Aerosense released videos of two prototypes, the AS-DTO1-E VTOL, and the AS-MCO1-P quadcopter.

Sony Electric Vehicle
ZMP is also working together with Sony in another area. Google is working on automobile technology, self-driving cars and even perhaps a driverless taxi service. More recently, Apple was rumoured (later confirmed) to be working on electric vehicles (iCar/Project Titan) to rival those made by the likes of Tesla. Sony hopes to do well from this emerging self-driving automotive industry and has therefore invested $842,000 in ZMP.

PATORO disinfection robot
To help building managers deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, ZMP is leasing PATORO, an "autonomous security and disinfection robot", for spraying disinfectant over surfaces, such as the hallways of large structures; PATORO also has building security functions.

References

Robotics companies of Japan
Robotics in Japan
Companies established in 2001
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Electric vehicle industry
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Japan
Japanese brands
Sony
Comparison of SSH servers. An SSH server is a software program which uses the Secure Shell protocol to accept connections from remote computers. SFTP/SCP file transfers and remote terminal connections are popular use cases for an SSH server.

General

Platform

The operating systems or virtual machines the SSH servers are designed to run on without emulation; there are several possibilities:

 No indicates that it does not exist or was never released.
 Partial indicates that while it works, the server lacks important functionality compared to versions for other OSs but may still be under development.
 Beta indicates that while a version is fully functional and has been released, it is still in development (e.g. for stability).
 Yes indicates that it has been officially released in a fully functional, stable version.
 Dropped indicates that while the server works, new versions are no longer being released for the indicated OS; the number in parentheses is the last known stable version which was officially released for that OS.
 Included indicates that the server comes pre-packaged with or has been integrated into the operating system.

The list is not exhaustive, but rather reflects the most common platforms today.

Features

See also
 List of SFTP server software
 Comparison of SSH clients

References

Cryptographic software
Internet Protocol based network software
SSH servers
Secure Shell