omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
P (programming language). P is a programming language for asynchronous event-driven programming and the IoT that was developed by Microsoft and University of California, Berkeley.

P enables programmers to specify systems consisting of a collection of state machines that communicate asynchronously in terms of events. P programs can run and be analyzed on any platform supported by .NET. Additionally, P programs can generate C# and C code.

P is open source, licensed under MIT License, and available on GitHub.

Example 
machine BankServer
{
  var database: Database;

  start state Init {
    entry (initialBalance: map[int, int]){
      database = new Database((server = this, initialBalance = initialBalance));
      goto WaitForWithdrawRequests;
    }
  }

  state WaitForWithdrawRequests {
    on eWithDrawReq do (wReq: tWithDrawReq) {
      var currentBalance: int;
      var response: tWithDrawResp;

      // read the current account balance from the database
      currentBalance = ReadBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId);
      // if there is enough money in account after withdrawal
      if(currentBalance - wReq.amount >= 10)
      {
        UpdateBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId, currentBalance - wReq.amount);
        response = (status = WITHDRAW_SUCCESS, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance - wReq.amount, rId = wReq.rId);
      }
      else // not enough money after withdraw
      {
        response = (status = WITHDRAW_ERROR, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance, rId = wReq.rId);
      }

      // send response to the client
      send wReq.source, eWithDrawResp, response;
    }
  }
}

See also 

 Microsoft Research
 Free software movement

References

Further reading 
 P: Safe asynchronous event-driven programming. Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, and Damien Zufferey. In Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), 2013.
 Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems. Ankush Desai, Shaz Qadeer, and Sanjit A. Seshia. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2015).
 Building Reliable Distributed Systems With P. Ankush Desai, Ethan Jackson, Amar Phanishayee, Shaz Qadeer and Sanjit A. Seshia. University of California, Berkeley. Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-198.

External links 
 
 
 P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming
 P: A programming language designed for asynchrony, fault-tolerance and uncertainty

Free and open-source software
Microsoft free software
Microsoft programming languages
Programming languages created in 2012
Software using the MIT license
Systems programming languages
2012 software
Hazemeyer gun mount. The Hazemeyer gun mount was a stabilized naval gun mount for the Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun, used during World War II by the Royal Navy. It was eventually replaced by the STAAG gun mount.

Development 
Manufactured by the Dutch Hazemeyer Company, the mount provided an alternative to the QF 2-pounder naval gun, as it was designed so that one set of layers aimed the gun, while a second manually stabilized the platform the gun sat on. The mount was self-contained and stabilized. The Dutch Hazemeyer Company was a subsidiary of the German company Siemens & Halske. The mount gained a reputation for unreliability among many naval officers.

See also 
Design 1047 battlecruiser

References 

Naval guns of the United Kingdom
World War II anti-aircraft guns
Naval anti-aircraft guns
World War II naval weapons
World War II naval weapons of the United Kingdom
40 mm artillery
2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident. The 2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident occurred when three Turkish soldiers were killed and 11 injured after a Russian Air Force Tupolev Tu-22M attacked Turkish soldiers accidentally at al-Bab, Syria.

Strike
A Tupolev Tu-22M flying a strike mission against a building in al-Bab, Syria suspected of containing Islamic State fighters, dropped a bomb on a Turkish army position. The bombing killed 3 Turkish troops and injured 11 others. Turkish military officials called the strike "accidental" and an incident of "friendly fire". Dmitry Peskov, the Kremlin's spokesman, said that the pilots had "guided by co-ordinates" given to them by Turkish personnel and that, "there should not have been Turkish troops at those co-ordinates." This charge was denied by Turkish officials.

Aftermath
The Turkish General Staff announced that a Russian war plane targeted Turkish soldiers by accident. After the Russian Government confirmed the action, Russian President Vladimir Putin called Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and expressed his regret.

Reactions
 - Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) head Devlet Bahçeli on February 12 slammed a Russian statement on the "friendly fire" in Syria's al-Bab on February 10 that led to the deaths of three Turkish soldiers, describing it as a shame. “The issue is so important that it cannot be dodged with a condolence message,” said Republican People's Party (CHP) head Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu in a post on Twitter over the developments in Syria.

See also
 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
 2020 Balyun airstrikes

Russia–Turkey relations

References

2017 in aviation
2017 in the Syrian civil war
Al-Bab District
Aviation history of Russia
February 2017 in Russia
February 2017 in Syria
February 2017 in Turkey
Russia–Turkey military relations
Accidents and incidents involving Russian Air Force aircraft
Aleppo Governorate in the Syrian civil war
Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war
Russian airstrikes during the Syrian civil war
Friendly fire incidents
Turkish military scandals
Venkata Padmanabhan. Venkata Narayana Padmanabhan is a computer scientist and principal researcher at Microsoft Research India. He is known for his research in networked and mobile systems. He is an elected fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Association for Computing Machinery. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 2016.

Biography

Padmanabhan did his graduate studies in computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and after earning a BTech in 1993, he pursued his higher studies at University of California, Berkeley from where he secured a master's degree (MS) under the guidance of Domenico Ferrari in 1995 and a PhD, advised by Randy Katz in 1998. With Katz, he worked on Web Data Transport and his thesis, Addressing the Challenges of Web Data Transport. Starting his career at the Redmond station of Microsoft, he served there for over 8 years before returning to India as the principal researcher at Microsoft India and heads the Mobility, Networks and Systems group, which he founded in 2007.

Padmanabhan has done extensive research on Indoor positioning systems, smartphone-based sensing, and mobile communication and his work has resulted in the development of technologies which is being used by Microsoft in their products. He has documented his researches by way of several articles; He has been involved with the organization of ACM SIGCOMM conferences and served as the general co-chair of the 2010 edition in New Delhi and as the program co-chair of the 2012 edition. He sits in the editorial boards of journals such as ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, and IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. and chairs the Award Committee for ACM SIGMOBILE Test-of-Time Paper Award 2017.

Awards and honors
The Association for Computing Machinery elected Padmanabhan as a Distinguished Scientist in 2009 and as a Fellow in 2016. He was elected a Fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2012 and of the Indian National Academy of Engineering in 2014. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2016.

Selected bibliography

Books

Articles

See also

Nericell
BitTorrent
Mesh networking
Location-based service

Notes

References

External links

Further reading

1970s births
Living people
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science
IIT Delhi alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Microsoft Research people
Indian electronics engineers
Indian computer scientists
Fellows of the IEEE
2016 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
Scientists from Bengaluru
Engineers from Karnataka
Year of birth missing (living people)
Technisch Weekblad. (literally Technical Weekly Magazine) is a Dutch weekly newspaper specialising in engineering topics.

History and profile
The magazine was created in 1994 from a merger of  and the engineers magazine of the  (KIVI, the Royal Institute of Engineers). In 2005 the magazine was 
sold by publisher VNU to Bèta Publishers, which had grown out of Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging (KNCV).

The focus of Technisch Weekblad is on short reports on technical developments, the job market for engineers and government policies regarding technology. Its income is based on subscriptions and advertising.

Corresponding magazines are Ingeniøren in Denmark, Ny Teknik in Sweden and Teknisk Ukeblad in Norway.

References

External links
 

Dutch-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in the Netherlands
Engineering magazines
Science and technology magazines published in the Netherlands
Magazines established in 1994
Mass media in The Hague
Fugas-class minesweeper. The Fugas class (named for Fougasse) were a group of minesweepers built for the Soviet Navy in the 1930s and 1940s. The Soviet designations were Project 3, Project 53, Project 53-U and Project 58.

Design

The design specification was issued in 1930 and the design was approved in 1931. The project numbers (3, 53, 53-U or 58) were retroactively applied in 1939.

The ships were built with steel hulls using a mixed welding and riveted construction. Crew section was additionally coated by wood laminate for the thermal isolation. The vessel interior was split into nine water-proof compartments. Vessels were intended to be very habitable in long voyages, with central heating, sauna and even cinema apparatus.

Mine-sweeping equipment consisted of three towed trails. Various attempts to fit the leading trails were not successful. Also, the magnetic trails were fitted starting from 1944, followed soon by acoustic trails. Survivability against magnetic-sensing mines was provided by 3-section degaussing coils.

Wartime operation have resulted in several field modifications, of which typical the increase of anti-aircraft armaments, usually at the expense of the amount of carried mines and artillery shells – due to the limited stability of the vessel. The turnover maximal recovering force angle was just 38 degrees with standard load.

The crew was also provided with small arms (one Degtyaryov machine gun and 15 rifles) for the onshore fire support. Finally, the minesweepers were capable to carry up to ten 45mm anti-tank guns and up to 600 infantry with light armament.

The design was considered generally satisfactory, the design flaws resulting in reduced seaworthiness, survivability and insufficient stability being gradually rectified in later sub-types. The intrinsic problems of relatively poor maneuverability and draft too deep for minesweeper (resulting in frequent vessel destruction in minefields) were impossible to fix though.

Several versions were produced:

Project 3 (1930) – 8 vessels, crew complement 52 men.
Project 53  (1933) – 10 vessels, rigid ballast, improvement of steering gear, doors and hatches
Project 53-U  (1937) – 17 vessels, widened hull, increased AA guns, crew complement 66 men 
Project 58 (1937) – 7 vessels, improved compartmentalization and stability,  better diesel engines rated to  each

Ships
A total of 44 ships were built, although 2 latest ships were never completed to minesweeper specifications. The vessels with a single-digit designations (T-1 to T-8) were assigned to Pacific Fleet, T-201 to T-221 – to the Baltic fleet, and T-401 to T-415 – to the Black Sea fleet.

See also
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
List of ships of Russia by project number

References

Further reading

External links
Fugas-type minesweeper – type description and vessels list 
Soviet navy minesweepers: Минно-тральные корабли
List of Soviet navy minesweepers: Cоветское оружие времен Второй Мировой Войны Тральщики

Mine warfare vessel classes
Minesweepers of the Soviet Navy
 
Ships of the Korean People's Navy
G. Frederick Smith. George Frederick Smith (1891–1976) was an early American researcher and advocate of the use of perchloric acid and perchlorate salts in analytical chemistry. He authored and co-authored many scholarly papers and textbooks on the subject.

In the 1930s, Smith and one of his students explored the use of expanding pressurized gas to create foams. They developed this technology into Instantwhip, in which sweet cream was pressurized with nitrous oxide to form sprayable whipped cream, as the first spraycan foam product.

References 

1891 births
1976 deaths
20th-century American chemists
SMPTE 2059. SMPTE 2059 is a standard from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) that describes how to synchronize video equipment over an IP network. The standard is based on IEEE 1588-2008. SMPTE 2059 is published in two parts on 9 April 2015:
SMPTE 2059-1Defines signal generation based on time information delivered by the IEEE 1588 protocol.
SMPTE 2059-2Defines an operating profile for the IEEE protocol optimized to the needs of media synchronization.

SMPTE 2059 is an integral part of emerging professional IP video broadcast technology and standards.

In May 2016, the Audio Engineering Society published a report describing synchronization interoperability between AES67 and SMPTE 2059-2.

Operating parameters

References

SMPTE standards
Code page 1287. Code page 1287 (CCSID 1287), also known as CP1287, DEC Greek (8-bit) and EL8DEC, is one of the code pages implemented for the VT220 terminals. It supports the Greek language.

Code page layout

See also
DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS)
8-bit DEC Turkish (Code page 1288)
8-bit DEC Hebrew
8-bit DEC Cyrillic (KOI-8 Cyrillic)
7-bit DEC Greek

References

1287
Digital Equipment Corporation
Code page 1288. Code page 1288 (CCSID 1288), also known as CP1288, DEC Turkish (8-bit) and TR8DEC, is one of the code pages implemented for the VT220 terminals. It supports the Turkish language.

Code page layout

See also
DEC Multinational Character Set (MCS)
8-bit DEC Greek (Code page 1287)
8-bit DEC Hebrew
8-bit DEC Cyrillic (KOI-8 Cyrillic)
7-bit DEC Turkish (TR7DEC)

References

1288
Digital Equipment Corporation
Eric Ma. Eric Ma Siu-cheung, GBS, JP (; born 1963) is a Hong Kong engineer and a business executive. He served as Secretary for Development of the Hong Kong SAR government. He was CEO of New World Development Company Ltd and CEO of NWS Holdings Ltd.

Biography
Ma graduated from the University of Hong Kong with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (1st Hon) and later obtained a master's degree of Engineering Science in Transportation from Monash University, Australia. He became an engineer and held senior positions in major consulting firms and participated in major development projects in Hong Kong. He is a fellow of several professional bodies including the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation (CIHT), and the Institution of Structural Engineers. He is the President of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers for session 2024/25.

Ma joined Maunsell Consultants Asia Ltd in 2001, becoming Managing Director in 2007. He was tasked by AECOM with its overseas business expansion in Asia, in which Ma became the Executive Vice President for Civil and Infrastructure Business in the Asia-Pacific Region.

On 6 January 2014, he was appointed Under Secretary of Development under Paul Chan Mo-po. He succeeded Chan to be Acting Secretary for Development on 16 January 2017 when Chan took over as Financial Secretary of Hong Kong. Ma was officially appointed on 13 February 2017.

References

1963 births
Living people
Government officials of Hong Kong
Hong Kong engineers
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Monash University alumni
Recipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2021–2026
Khewra Salt Mines Railway. The Khewra Salt Mines Railway () is a  narrow-gauge electric railway located at the Khewra Salt Mines in Khewra, Pakistan. Built in 1930, it once hauled extracted salt from the mines, but now brings tourists in to marvel at the salt formations. The mine is still the largest source of salt in Pakistan with more than 350,000 tons produced per year, excavated at 18 different working levels.

See also
 Khewra railway station
 Pakistan Railways
 Khewra Salt Mine

References

2 ft gauge railways in Pakistan
Kel-Tec RDB. 

The Kel-Tec RDB (Rifle, Downward-ejection, Bullpup) is a bullpup carbine offered in 5.56×45mm NATO semi-automatic rifle, manufactured by Kel-Tec Industries of Florida. It uses a rotary bolt with a spring loaded ejector and an extractor facing down, ejecting spent shell casings downward, allowing easy ambidextrous use.

Design
The RDB was designed to be modular, and is broken down into four Assembly Groups, held together with HK style push-pins: 
 The Barrel Assembly Group, made up of the barrel assembly, optic rail, handguard, gas system and charging handle;
 The Receiver Assembly Group, primarily the serialized steel receiver, butt pad, recoil buffer and heat shield / cheek rest;
 The Bolt Assembly Group, consisting of the bolt carrier, guide rod, recoil spring and bolt assembly and;
 The Grip Assembly Group, containing the fire controls, trigger and hammer mechanism, magazine well and ejection port.

The RDB operates using the short-stroke piston system, firing from a closed bolt. A gas regulator is built into the Barrel Assembly Group to allow the operator to adjust the amount of gas used to cycle the action. The RDB uses a unique downward ejection method to permit the operator to fire the rifle from either side. During the extraction and ejection cycle, spent casings are dragged rearward over the magazine to the ejection chute located directly behind. The RDB bolt uses dual ejectors to assist in positive ejection, and has been demonstrated to operate normally even if the rifle is turned upside-down. While other bullpup rifles (FN 2000, Kel-Tec RFB, Desert Tech MDR) have used forward-ejection to allow ambidextrous use, these solutions tend to add parts and complexity to the design. Other bullpups can be converted to eject from one side to the other (IWI Tavor, Steyr AUG) but may not be able to do so without special parts.

Variants
 RDB-17 -  The standard RDB model for US market, chambered in 5.56 NATO with a 17.2” barrel with a 1/7 twist.
 RDB-20 - Identical to the RDB-17, but with a 20" barrel.
 RDB-C - Similar in operation to the RDB-17, the C model uses a 'hunter' style grip and a modified handguard. 
 RDB Survival - Similar to the RDB-C, the Survival model shares the 'hunter' grip paired with a lighter 16" barrel and comes with folding iron sights.

All variants accept AR-15 STANAG magazines. They feature an ambidextrous bolt release and a manually locked back charging handle.

M43
The Kel-Tec M43 is a similar design replacing polymer parts with parkerized steel or with wood for the stock furniture. Compared to RDB models, it has additional integral folding sights and a heat shield over the short stroke piston.

See also
List of bullpup firearms

References

External links
 Official Page
 KTOG RFB Forum

5.56×45mm NATO semi-automatic rifles
Bullpup rifles
Semi-automatic rifles of the United States
Flexure (disambiguation). Flexure may refer to:

 Flexure, a flexible element (or combination of elements) engineered to be compliant in specific degrees of freedom.
 Bending, the behavior of a structural element subjected to a lateral load
 Flexure bearing, a type of flexure designed to be compliant in a bending or rotation degree of freedom, providing functionality similar to a bearing or hinge
 The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or subtracted from the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this distortion
 Curvature, the deviation from straightness
 Flexure (embryology) an early bending of the neural tube

See also
 Living hinge
 
 Bend (disambiguation)
 Flexion (disambiguation)
Thermonasty. In plant biology, thermonasty is a nondirectional response to temperature in plants. It is a form of nastic movement, not to be confused with thermotropism, which is a directional response in plants to temperature. A common example of this is in some Rhododendron species, but thermonasty has also been observed in other plants, such as Phryma leptostachya. Flower opening in certain crocus and tulip species is also known to be thermonastic. These movements are thought to be regulated by having unequal cell elongation in certain plant tissues, causing different tissues to bend. In other processes, like in the temperature regulation of flower openings, movement has instead been shown to be a result of irreversible cell growth, a growth type not typically associated with plant movement. Furthermore, thermonasty has been shown to be independent of other environmental signals, such as light and gravity.

Thermonasty is generally considered to be an adaptation for protection against colder temperatures. It is hypothesized that thermonastic movement is an adaptation for photoprotection, as harsh freezing conditions make leaves more susceptible to light damage from the sun. In flowers it may instead serve as a signal for flower opening and closing with rising and falling temperatures. Although the exact mechanism for thermonasty is still not fully understood, there has been research conducted to reveal more.

Thermonasty in Rhododendron
In some species of Rhododendron, thermonasty is as well-known phenomenon during the winter months. The leaves can be seen to droop from their branches and curl inwards under freezing temperatures. A research group from Iowa State University tried to determine if water transport proteins, aquaporins, were involved with curling in Rhododendron leaves. They took leaves from a thermonastic and non-thermonastic Rhododendron and subjected them to freezing and thawing conditions, sampling their RNA levels for their target aquaporins at specific time points. They did this to see if there was any change in the expression levels of aquaporins during changes in temperatures in association with thermonastic curling.

They concluded that expression of aquaporins decreases during the initial freezing stages, but in both species the proteins were then up-regulated as the temperature continued to drop. The researchers concluded that there may be some association with aquaporins to thermonasty, but they could not conclude what kind of association that is. They were, however, able to support a previous hypothesis that extracellular freezing is required for the thermonastic curling response. They exposed leaves from the thermonastic Rhododendron species to freezing temperatures, but some leaves had water that froze on the surface, and others did not. Leaves with extracellular water freezing curled at a higher temperature than leaves without, indicating that the extracellular freezing was necessary for curling at a higher temperature.

References 

Plant physiology