omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Firebug (dinghy). The Firebug is a class of sailing dinghy that was designed by John Spencer and Peter Tait of Auckland, New Zealand in 1995. It is a 2.4 m (8 foot) long sailing dinghy designed to be built quickly and easily by builders with no previous experience of boatbuilding. A detailed report was published in Watercraft Magazine.

Construction 

The Firebug is constructed on a rigid jig with 6 timber stringers and a centerline web. The flat bottom is 600 mm wide and is made from 9 mm marine plywood. The sides, bilge panels bulkheads and deck are cut from 2.5 panels of 4 mm marine plywood. The minimum weight of the completed hull is 40 kg (sometimes cited as 27 kg).

To highlight the straightforward construction, a Firebug was built live at the 2008 Sydney International Boat Show.

Rig 
The deck stepped mast is supported by shrouds and a forestay and rotates on a pin at the step. To allow adults to sail Firebugs comfortably, the design brings the sheet down from the boom in front of the centerboard box allowing greater space for the sailor.

Sailing 

Firebugs have 4.5 sq m sail area. This compares with 3.3 for the Optimist junior training dinghy. This 50% greater sail area means that Firebugs are raced by adults as well as graduates from Optimists and other classes. Unusually among modern dinghy designs, the rig is provided with reef points to allow lighter or less experienced sailors to continue to participate, when stronger winds are forecast. A key to the success of the Firebug is its capacity to recover from a capsize and continue racing. This is achieved by the placement of the buoyancy tanks so that water drains out of the cockpit as the boat is righted from a capsize.

Despite its small size, the Firebug will easily plane carrying an adult.

Class organisation 

The class is administered and support is provided to builders from the class's office in Russell, New Zealand. Sails, masts and rigging packages are dispatched to builders across the world.

Reception 
The first Firebug was built in 1988.
Since then, active fleets have been established in Australia and New Zealand and over 1,000 boats have been built in places as diverse as Malta, Samoa and Georgia on the Black Sea.

In Australia, a community group arranged for a group of teenagers who were at risk of leaving school early to build a FireBug for their stand at the 2008 Sydney International Boat Show.

The New Zealand Ministry of Education funds schools to build FireBugs for the full cost of the boat, plus an extra 5% to allow for tools.

References

External links 
 New Zealand Head Office
 Australian Class site
 YouTube video of Firebug planing

Dinghies
Sailboat types built in New Zealand
Lusakert Biogas Plant. Lusakert Biogas Plant (LBP) is a biogas plant in Nor Geghi, about  north of Yerevan, Armenia.  It generates electricity by combustion of biogas produced from animal manure of the Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant. The LBP started its operations in October 2008.

History 
The project was proposed and carried out by the  Max Concern (Armenia) and Vekst Foundation (Norway).  The construction of the plant started in August 2007 and was finished a year later. In the sphere of clean development, Lusakert Biogas Plant was the first in Armenia. It was registered in UN in September 2006, in the framework of Kyoto Protocol. Since the LBP implies future potential renewable energy projects, it is significant for the development of renewable energy industry in Armenia.

Lusakert Biogas Plant was awarded National Energy Globe Award Armenia (overall winner) in 2007

Technical description

The Lusaker Biogas Plant generates heat and electricity from biogas produced from poultry manure of the Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant. For production of biogas, the liquid manure is processed in an anaerobic digesters of  at temperature of . There is an option to build the second digester. The LBP was considered to produce  of biogas with a methane (CH4) content of 70%. Remains of manure are used for production of 75,000 tonnes of organic fertilizer per year.  After removing sulfuric acid from gas, it is used for heat and power generation.  The LBP has installed electric capacity of 0.85 MW and it is able to generate 7 GWh of electricity annually. The average capacity that Lusakert Biogas Plant runs with is 50-60%. The electricity produced at LBP is sold at 40 drams (about 7.5 cents) per kilowatt. In 2014, the plant did not generate electricity due to economic difficulties of the poultry plant which resulted in low amounts of wastes.

The project duration is 21 years.

Impact 
It was planned that Lusakert Biogas Plant reduces greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere 63,000 tonnes per year of  equivalent.  In 2008–2011, the plant decreased almost 37000 tons of  emissions to the atmosphere.  It reduces local pollution of ground and water as well. LBP helps the local inhabitants to get rid of the disgusting smell of poultry emissions.

Shareholders 
The largest shareholders of Lusakert Biogas Plant are Max Concern (the owner of Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant - 58%), Vekst Foundation (Norway - 16%), the Danish Development Fund and Bigadan (Denmark) - both 13%.

References 

Biofuel power stations in Armenia
Banwari Lal Chouksey. Banwari Lal Chouksey is an Indian machinist and inventor, known for his innovative engineering ideas. He was born in Ganga Pipaliya, in Bhopal district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and did not have formal education beyond high school level. He started his career with Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited as a mechanical labourer where he rose in ranks to become an engineer. He is reported to have designed alternative spare parts for heavy machinery which saved money for the company and he holds patents for some of his inventions. He is the recipient of the several awards such as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Samman of the Government of Madhya Pradesh, Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar and Shrambhushan Samman. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2005, for his contributions to Science and Technology.

See also 

 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

References 

Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Bhopal district
Engineers from Madhya Pradesh
20th-century Indian inventors
20th-century Indian engineers
Living people
21st-century Indian inventors
Harald Haas. Harald Haas FRSE (born 1968 in Neustadt an der Aisch) is a German Professor of Mobile Communications at the University of Strathclyde and is the person who coined the term Li-Fi. In 2012 he was one of the co-founders of pureVLC (now pureLiFi). Haas was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2017.

References

External links
 Includes list of publications
 

German engineers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1968 births
Engineers from Bavaria
Malta International Airshow. The Malta International Airshow is an annual air show held at the Malta International Airport organized by the Malta Aviation Society. It was first held in September 1993 over Marsamxett Harbour, but then moved to Malta International Airport with the exception of the years 2007 and 2009. During these years, the event was held at St. Paul's Bay due to the construction of new hangars at the airport, where cranes would have been a hazard for the low flying aircraft.

Active years 1993 to 2021; however 2018 and 2019 did not take place due to lack of funds, and 2020 was skipped due to Covid-19. It was returned shortly after in 2021 and was cancelled in 2022 and 2024. The airshow happened again in 2023.

Gallery

References

External links

Official website

Air shows
Annual events in Malta
1993 establishments in Malta
Recurring events established in 1993
Autumn events in Malta
Russell Greiner. Russell Greiner is a professor of computing science at the University of Alberta. He is a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and a specialist in machine learning and bioinformatics. Greiner is one of the principal investigators at the Alberta Innovates Centre for Machine Learning and has published over 200 refereed papers and patents.

After earning a PhD from Stanford University, Greiner worked in both academic and industrial research before settling at the University of Alberta, where he became a professor in Computing Science (adjunct in Psychiatry) and the founding scientific director of the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute. 

He was elected a Fellow of the AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence), was awarded a McCalla Professorship, and received a Killam Annual Professorship. 

He received the Killam Award for Excellence in Mentoring.

He has published numerous papers, most in the areas of machine learning and medical informatics. His work centers on medical informatics, survival prediction, and the formal foundations of learnability.

References

External links 
 Russ Greiner at the University of Alberta

Canadian computer scientists
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
AIST (missile). AIST cruise missile -  latest development of the Belarusian State Military Industrial Committee. The cruise missile is a high precision short-range subsonic cruise missile developed in close cooperation with Ukrainian and Chinese experts.

Overview
The likeliest missile launcher for the cruise missile Aist is supposed to be the universal multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) Polonez, based on a wheeled chassis MZKT-7930 Astrolog.

Vehicles of this type are widely used as a platform for a number of weapon systems, mainly those produced in Russia.  Belarusian 4x4 wheeled chassis, in particular, are used as a platform for the Russian Iskander short-range ballistic missile system and the Pakistani Hatf VII Babur cruise missile.

The ground chassis will comprise all the necessary components of a combat and launcher-loader vehicle. Each combat vehicle will mount two or three missiles.

Aist cruise missile is equipped with a turbofan engine for subsonic cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles MS-400 produced by the Ukrainian enterprise Motor Sich. The Chinese DF-10 (CJ-10) cruise missile as well as the Pakistani Hatf VII Babur cruise missile are also equipped with this type of engine.

Specifications (with MS-400 turbofan engine)
 maximum cruise thrust – 400 kgf;
 fuel consumption – up to 0.8 kg/kgf;
 diameter – 320 mm;
 length (with extended exhaust line) – 1100 mm;
 height (including engine mount components) – 455 mm;
 gross empty mass – 85 kg.
 gross launching mass – about 1500 kg;
 combat load – 350 kg; length – 6 m;
 diameter – 0,57 m; wingspan – 2,7 m;
 range – 500 km; missile velocity – up to 900 km/h.

References

Guided missiles
Greenvein. Greenvein is a Nonprofit organization in India for planting and protecting trees . Its vision is to reduce global warming and implement reforestation programs. The motto of the organization is to propagate a culture of planting and protecting trees and make it part of our day-to-day activity rather than a ritualistic and symbolic process.

History
Greenvein's first meeting was held at Ernakulam on 6 May 2014. In this meeting a decision was made to plant and protect One Billion Trees across India within 21 years. . In order to fulfil the aim, widespread campaigns were initiated. Within a year Greenvein made its presence in Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi and Odisha. On June 5, 2014, World Environment Day, 32,200 saplings were planted in Kerala alone with the support of Ministry of Forest. On the same day saplings were planted in Dehradun, Capital city of Uttarakhand state, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Delhi, Redegg Infopark at Nagarcoil, Tamil Nadu, Niv Vidya Mandir at Greater Noida, and Navaprabhat Gurukulam, Navupauli village, Odisha.

Activities

2014, Greenvein started nurseries at Haridwar, Rudraprayag, Noida and Odisha with the help of common people. In Kerala, 10 nurseries were started. In addition to this, Greenvein volunteers maintain many more small nurseries with the capacity to rear 100 saplings to 300 saplings at their homes or surroundings. These nurseries produce approximately 300, 000 saplings per year. And in various states, Greenvein has planted 600, 000 saplings within 2015. On June 5, 2015, Greenvein conducted a seed distribution campaign and distributed approximately 150, 000 seeds on that day. The project is called one billion tree project.

Tree Trip
Tree Trip  is a campaign in the leadership of Swami Samvidanand, Chief Coordinator of Greenvein to create awareness on the necessity of planting and protecting trees and to plant seeds and saplings in every single district of India . This " Himalaya to Kanyakumari" Tree Trip started from Himalaya on 7 May 2015. Swami Samvidanand leads this journey in a Maruti Alto car. The trip associates with bodies such as Environmental and Ecological organizations, Eco Clubs of Schools and Colleges, Women Empowerment Institutions and Cultural Societies in each State. The activities of Tree Trip includes distribution of seeds, conducting awareness seminars for school and college students and the native people on the importance of environment conservation and tree planting in this era of Global warming. Greenvein initiated this project with "Karthumbikoottam" an organisation of tribal children by introducing the program to plant One Lakh trees in the banks of River Bhavani, which flows through Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

References

External links
Organisation Website

2014 in the environment
Non-profit organisations based in India
Reforestation
No. 23 Squadron IAF. No. 23 Squadron  (Panthers) is a fighter squadron and is equipped with MiG-21Bison and based at AFS NAL.

History

The squadron was raised in the year 1956 and it became the first squadron in Indian Air Force to be commissioned with Folland Gnat.

The squadron was relocated to AFS NAL in June 2024 and will be in use with its sister squadron No. 3 Squadron. The move was done to streamline the maintenance and operability of the last remaining MiG-21. Both the squadron will transition to the newly ordered Tejas Mk1A.

Assignments
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Aircraft

References

023
E-four. E-Four (short for Electrical 4WD System), eFour, AWD-i, or AWD-e was developed by Toyota. Front wheels are powered directly by the hybrid powertrain, rear wheels are powered by a dedicated electric motor with its own power control unit, reduction gear and differential. Amount of torque transferred to the rear wheels is automatically adjusted by the vehicle's electronic control unit according to driving conditions. E-Four also adds additional regenerative braking. In North America, Toyota uses the term AWD-i (All-Wheel Drive with Intelligence). There is no drive shaft between the front combustion engine and rear wheels. The rear wheels only receive power and torque from the rear electric motor(s).

E-Four was first implemented in the 2001 Toyota Estima Hybrid and is used in several Toyota and Lexus cars, e.g. 2016 Toyota RAV4, Lexus NX 300h, Lexus RX 450h, and Toyota Prius AWD-e, and in the future may be used in the standard fifth generation Toyota Prius. In Japan, the all-wheel-drive Prius has been available since 2015 and bumps the price by about $1700. The compact HV4WD E-Four used for the Prius adds little weight and does not reduce the fuel economy or interior storage. A few weeks before the November 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show, Toyota issued a press release with text and images featuring the car in snowy conditions, suggesting the E-Four package would likely debut in the 2019 U.S. model at the show.

References

External links
  

Automotive technologies
Toyota transmissions
Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence. The Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (CFI) is an interdisciplinary research centre within the University of Cambridge that studies artificial intelligence. It is funded by the Leverhulme Trust.

The Centre brings together academics from the fields of computer science, philosophy, social science and others. The centre works with the Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford, Imperial College London, and the University of California, Berkeley and has a memorandum of understanding with the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs at the Australian National University.

Programmes 
The CFI research is structured in a series of programmes and research exercises. The topics of the programmes range from algorithmic transparency to exploring the implications of AI for democracy.

 AI: Futures and Responsibility
 AI: Trust and Society
 Kinds of Intelligence
 AI: Narrative and Justice
 Philosophy and Ethics of AI

In July 2019, Leverhulme released the Animal-AI Olympics competition, featuring tests ordinarily used to test animal intelligence.

See also
 Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
 Future of Humanity Institute
 Future of Life Institute
 Machine Intelligence Research Institute

References

External links
 

Future of Intelligence, Leverhulme Centre for the
Futures studies organizations
Existential risk organizations
Existential risk from artificial general intelligence
Thierry Déau. Thierry Déau is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Meridiam, a leading independent global investor and asset manager specialized in developing, financing and managing long-term public infrastructure projects.

Career
After graduating from France’s engineering school l'Ecole nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Déau began his career in Malaysia with the construction firm GTM International. He then joined France’s Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, where he held several positions within its investment and development subsidiary Egis Projects, from Project Manager in Manila, Philippines, then Director of Concession Projects in Paris to his appointment as Chief Executive Officer of Egis in 2001.

During his tenure at Egis he headed up international operations for the Egis Group executive committee, served on its risk management committee and acted as Member and Chairman on the boards of several subsidiaries.

In 2004, before founding Meridiam, Déau joined AECOM Technology as Director.

In 2005, Déau established Meridiam, with operational and financial support from AECOM Technology and the Crédit Agricole Group. He is currently Meridiam’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, as well as its main shareholder.

Other activities
Thierry Déau's other activities: 

 Board member of Fondation des Ponts
 Member of the Investment Committee of the European Fund for Strategic Investment
 Founder of Africa Infrastructure fellowship program Foundation (AIFP Foundation)
 Founding member of the Sustainable Development Investment Partnership (SDIP) of the World Economic Forum
 Member of Prince of Wales’ Sustainable Markets Council for the Commonwealth
 Honorary chairman of the Long Term Infrastructure Association (LTIIA)
 President of the Archery Foundation

Notes

Further reading

Opinion pieces

Interviews

External links
 www.meridiam.com

French chief executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pandorabots. Pandorabots, Inc. is an artificial intelligence company that runs a web service for building and deploying chatbots.  Pandorabots implements and supports development of the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language and makes portions of its code accessible for free. The Pandorabots Platform is "one of the oldest and largest chatbot hosting services in the world", allowing creation of virtual agents to hold human-like text or voice chats with consumers. The platform is written in Allegro Common LISP.

Use Cases 
Common use cases include advertising, virtual assistance, e-learning, entertainment and education. The platform has also been used by academics and universities use the platform for teaching and research.

See also 
 Richard Wallace (scientist)

References

External links
 Pandarabots Website

Chatbots
EMI REDD. The EMI REDD .17, .37 and .51 were vacuum-tube-based mixing consoles designed by EMI for their Abbey Road Studios.  They were used to mix several influential albums, including most of the Beatles' albums and the first two Pink Floyd albums.

History

Abbey Road Studios’ technical engineer Lenn Page established the Record Engineering Development Department (REDD) in 1955 to develop equipment that would facilitate stereo recordings. At the time, mass-produced recording studio equipment was not available, and EMI/Abbey Road custom-built equipment in-house.

The first REDD console, the REDD.17, was developed in 1958 by Peter Burkotwitz at EMI Electrola in West Germany, and was Abbey Road Studios' first dedicated stereo mixing system. Employing a modular design still used in large-format consoles today, the REDD.17 was one of the first modern-style mixing consoles.

The REDD.37 and its successor, the REDD.51, had a similar design with added outputs needed to accommodate Abbey Road Studios' new four-track tape machines. Both models featured 14 Painton quadrant faders to control the level of eight microphone input channels, two auxiliary channels, and four master outputs. The REDD.51 featured new amps that offered more headroom and lower distortion; Abbey Road installed the first REDD.51 in Studio 2 in 1964. Only three REDD.37s and four REDD.51 consoles were ever built.

Abbey Road Studios was forced to retire their 4-track REDD consoles in November 1968, replacing them with the EMI TG12345, which featured the eight outputs necessary for the studios' new 3M 8-track recorder.

Legacy
Most of the Beatles' albums, including Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band were produced with the REDD consoles at Abbey Road Studios. Pink Floyd's 1967 debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn and its follow-up, A Saucerful of Secrets, were also produced on the studios' REDD consoles.

One REDD.17 console was in use at Toe Rag Studios in London before being installed at Frying Pan Studios inside the MONA Museum in Hobart, Tasmania (Australia), where it is fully restored and working. One REDD.37 console, purchased by Lenny Kravitz in 1992 and used at his own Gregory Town Sound studio in The Bahamas. The only remaining REDD.51 in existence, originally employed in the EMI studio in Milan, Italy, is located at British Grove Studios in London.

Software emulations
In 2013, Waves Audio released a plug-in that emulates the REDD.17, REDD.37 and REDD.51 mixing consoles. 

Chandler Limited established a partnership with Abbey Road Studios to develop and produce several plug-in emulations of the studios' classic recording gear, including a plug-in that emulates the REDD.47 microphone amplifier circuit from the REDD.51 mixing console.

References

Mixing consoles
EMI