omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Air-laid paper. Air-laid paper is a textile-like material categorized as a nonwoven fabric made from fluff pulp.

Properties
Compared with normal wet-laid paper and tissue, air-laid paper is very bulky, porous and soft. It has good water absorption properties and is much stronger compared with normal tissue.

Main characteristics are:
 Soft, does not scratch.
 Non-linting, no dust, no static.
 Strong, even when wet, can be rinsed and reused.
 Clean, hygienic, can be sterilized.
 Textile-like surface and drape.
 Can be dyed, printed, embossed, coated and made solvent resistant.

Manufacture
Unlike the normal papermaking process, air-laid paper does not use water as the carrying medium for the fibre. Fibres are carried and formed to the structure of paper by air. The air-laid structure is isotropic.

The raw material is long fibered softwood fluff pulp in roll form. The pulp are defibrized in a hammermill. Defibration is the process of freeing the fibres from each other before entering the papermachine. Important parameters for dry defibration are shredding energy and knot content. Normally an air-laid paper consists of about 85% fibre. A binder must be applied as a spray or foam. Alternatively, additional fibres or powders can be added to the pulp which can then be activated and cured by heat.

History
The Danish inventor Karl Krøyer is considered to be the first who commercialized air-formed paper in the early 1980s. Others developed different processes independently at about the same time. A Finnish company United Paper Mills(now UPM-Kymmene Oyj) was one of the companies developing airlaid technology in the 1980s. In the 1980s UPM formed a new company called Walkisoft Oy and also built an airlaid factory to Kotka Finland which started in 1985. Walkisoft built several plants around the world (including the world's largest airlaid-factory in Mt Holly, NC, USA) in the following 14 years before being sold to Buckeye Technologies Inc. The Walkisoft engineering team, which was responsible for the engineering and R&D of the airlaid machines, became known as Buckeye Engineering Finland and then, from 2002, as Anpap Oy, a private owned Finnish company.

Applications
 Disposable diapers as part of the inner absorbent
 Feminine hygiene
 Industrial wipes
 Personal care products
 Table top
 napkin
 tablecloth
 Wet wipes

References

Paper
Nonwoven fabrics
Michael E. McCormick. Michael E. McCormick is Corbin A. McNeill Professor Emeirtus of the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at the U. S. Naval Academy. He is one of the pioneers of modern wave energy research.

He began his career in 1958 as a  hydrodynamicist at the U. S. Navy's David Taylor Model Basin. His early work there 
was in the area of hydroelasticity, working with Dr. David A. Jewell. Later, in 1964 his work was in the area of boundary-layer induced vibrations, working with Dr. Mark Harrison and Dr. Gabriel
Boehler.  In 1961, he
left DTMB and joined the mechanical engineering faculty at Swarthmore College with a one-year appointment. He returned to Swarthmore in 1976 as visiting scholar in engineering. His teaching and 
research continued at the Catholic University of America, Trinity College (Hartford), the U. S. Naval Academy and Johns Hopkins University. He was at the Naval Academy for  27 years, and at Johns Hopkins as a research professor of civil engineering for 10 years.
Prof. McCormick’s research efforts also resulted in electrolytic drag reduction of marine vehicles, analysis of ocean wave energy conversion systems and wave-powered desalination of sea water using hinged-raft systems (working with Dr. Peter McCabe in Ireland). He was also fortunate to work with Prof. Rameswar Bhattacharyya in co-editing two book series and the journal Ocean Engineering.

Education
B.A. (Mathematics & Physics) American University,
M.S.E. (Engineering Mechanics) Catholic University of America,
Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering) Catholic University of America,
Ph.D. (Civil Engineering) Trinity College, Dublin,
Sc.D. (Engineering-Science) Trinity College, Dublin

Books
, 178 pp.
,  256 pp.
, 256 pp.
, 573 pp.

External links 

Living people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Catholic University of America alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
James Ritter. James P. Ritter (October 30, 1930 – May 4, 2015) was an American design draftsman and politician.

Formative years
Ritter was born October 30, 1930, in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Allentown High School and served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War. Ritter took courses in mechanical engineering.

Career
A design draftsman for PPL Corporation and Lehigh Structural Steel in Allentown, Ritter served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1965 until 1983 and was a Democrat.

Death
Ritter died in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on May 4, 2015.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Politicians from Allentown, Pennsylvania
20th-century members of the Pennsylvania General Assembly
Société Aéronautique Normande. Société Aéronautique Normande (SAN) was a French aircraft manufacturing business based at Bernay. It was formed in 1948 and failed in 1968.

History
The company was started on 1 May 1948 at Bernay-Saint-Martin by Lucien Querey. Querey was a glider pilot and aeromodeller and his idea was to run a Aviation Service Station similar to a motor-vehicle garage. His first aircraft was a conversion of a Piper Cub followed by his own two-seater design, the SAN-101. The SAN-101 did not enter production and Querey started to build the Jodel D.11 under licence.

From 1952 the company built other Jodel designs under licence and these were followed by two models exclusive to SAN, the D.140 Mousquetaire four/five seater and the D.150 Mascaret two-seater.

In November 1959 the company suffered a serious fire which was followed by the death of Querey and the company was then run by Querey's wife. By the mid-1960s the company was in financial difficulties and it was forced into receivership in November 1968.  The assets were bought by Auguste Mudry who completed the last batch of D.140s and then used the factory to build Piel designs.

Aircraft designs

SAN-101
SAN Jodel D.112
SAN Jodel D.117
SAN Jodel DR.100A
SAN Jodel DR.105A
SAN Jodel DR.1050 Ambassadeur/Excellence
SAN Jodel D.140 Mousquetaire
SAN Jodel D.150 Mascaret

References

Notes

Bibliography

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
E-USOC. E-USOC (Spanish User Support and Operations Centre) is a centre of Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM) specialized in Research and Development (R&D) activities in the fields of space science and technology. On behalf of the European Space Agency, the centre offers the necessary assistance for the preparation, execution and post-flight analysis of space experiments concerning the Fluid Science Laboratory on board the International Space Station, in the european module Columbus. E-USOC is the point of contact for the Spanish user teams developing experiments which require microgravity environment.

Another aim of E-USOC is to provide with information and to promote activities in the field of space sciences and fluid mechanics, giving technical and operation support to researchers and investigation groups which want to carry out experiments in microgravity environments or related space-science.

The headquarters is located at Campus de Montegancedo, a research and technological park of the Polytechnic University of Madrid. This building is located on the outskirts at the west of Madrid, in the town of Pozuelo de Alarcón.

Pedro Duque, Spanish astronaut and Minister of science, was the E-USOC operations director between 2003-2006.

See also 

 European Space Agency
 European Space Research and Technology Centre
 Polytechnic University of Madrid

References

External links 
 
 ESA Human Spaceflight and Exploration
 User Support and Operations Centres

Science and technology in Spain
Victa Aircruiser. 

The Victa Aircruiser was a 1960s Australian four-seat touring monoplane designed by Henry Millicer and built by Victa. It was not put into production by Victa, and the rights were sold to AESL in 1969.

Development
Following the success of the earlier Airtourer, Millicer designed a four-seat version which he called the Aircruiser. The prototype registered VH-MVR first flew on 18 July 1966. Like the Airtourer it was a low-wing monoplane with a fixed nosewheel landing gear and powered by a  Continental IO-360-H piston engine. Rather than the sliding clear Perspex canopy of the Airtourer, the four-seat Aircruiser had a fixed cabin roof with a single "car type" door on the left hand side.

Although Victa completed certification testing, no production of the Aircruiser followed, as Victa closed down its Aviation Division after failing to get financial assistance from the Australian government. Both Victa and Transavia Corporation had requested subsidies for Australian-designed and -built light aircraft, with Victa seeking a subsidy of up to 60% of the factory cost. 

Following the sale of the design rights of the Airtourer to Aero Engine Services Limited (AESL) of New Zealand, the rights to the Aircruiser were also sold to AESL in 1969. AESL's Chief Designer Pat Monk re-designed the aircraft as the AESL CT/4 Airtrainer, a fully aerobatic (+6G, -3G) military trainer.

In 2013 Brumby Aircraft Australia announced the company had purchased the type certificate for the Victa Aircruiser to be developed into the Brumby Aircruiser.

Specifications
The specifications of the Aircruiser 2010 (with performance estimated) are as follows:

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 

1960s Australian civil utility aircraft
Aircruiser
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Avions Max Holste. Avions Max Holste was a French aircraft manufacturer formed in 1933 by the French aeronautical engineer Max Holste.

History
Following the end of the Second World War the company concentrated on the design of a two-seater light training/touring aircraft, the Max Holste MH.52. A low-wing monoplane with twin fins and rudders, the MH.52 first flew in 1945.  The company then built a high-wing version of the MH.52 to meet a French Army requirement. Being too small this was developed into the MH.1521 Broussard and the company went on to build 370 Broussards, mainly for the French military.

Holste then developed a 17-seat MH.250 Super Broussard. The French government placed a contract for ten improved versions as the MH.260. The company was challenged to fill the order and negotiated an agreement with Nord Aviation to help build the aircraft.

The company's financial state deteriorated and on 16 February 1960 the American company Cessna Aircraft Company purchased a 49% share and renamed the company Societe Nouvelle Max Holste. The MH.260 design was handed over to Nord who developed it as the successful Nord 262. The company was renamed again to Reims Aviation and went on to produce Cessna aircraft under licence.

Aircraft designs
 Max Holste MH.52 (1945)
 Max Holste MH.53 (1945)
 Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard (1952)
 Max Holste MH.250 Super Broussard (1959)
 Max Holste MH.260 developed as the Nord 262 (1962)

References

Notes

Bibliography

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
French companies established in 1933
Manufacturing companies established in 1933
Lars-Erik Tammelin. Lars-Erik Tammelin (16 March 1923 – 3 January 1991) was a Swedish chemist, defence researcher and civil servant. Tammelin served as Director-General of the Swedish National Defence Research Institute from 1984 to 1985.

Early life
Tammelin was born on 16 March 1923 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of Supreme Court Justice  and his wife Elsa (née Palm).

Career
Tammelin, who was an organic chemist, was recruited to the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA) in 1950 for research on nerve gas and nerve gas countermeasures. At this time, FOA (whose previous chemical warfare activities had focussed on mustard gas and other World War I-style compounds) had become aware that large quantities of nerve gas, primarily Tabun, had been stockpiled during World War II. The mechanism of action of the nerve gases were found to be linked to their chemical similarity to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and their ability to block the enzyme cholinesterase. Much of Tammelin's work was therefore focussed on choline esters. In 1958, he defended a Ph.D. thesis based on this work at Stockholm University College. The same year he became Docent in organic chemistry at Stockholm University College.

The esters that form analogues to the V-Series of nerve agents are sometimes referred to as "Tammelin's esters".  Succinylcholine, one of the compounds synthesized by Tammelin in his search for nerve gas countermeasures, was put into use as a muscle relaxant for use during general anaesthesia surgery under the brand name Celocurin.

In 1961, Tammelin became head of the chemical-medical division at FOA, when he succeeded Gustaf Ljunggren. Tammelin became a medical honorary doctorate at Karolinska Institutet in 1973. He was professor and research director of the National Food Administration from 1975 to 1982 and Director-General of FOA from 1984 to 1985.

Personal life
In 1946 he married Isa Nilson (born 1922), the daughter of factory manager Nils Konrad Nilson and Sigrid Johansson.

Death
Tammelin died on 3 January 1991 and was buried at Bromma Cemetery on 10 April 1991.

Honours
Honorary Doctor of Medicine (1973)

Bibliography

References

1923 births
1991 deaths
Swedish chemists
Stockholm University alumni
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Scientists from Stockholm
UTVA-60. The UTVA-60 is a Yugoslavian light aircraft of the 1960s. First flying in 1959, it was built by UTVA for both the Yugoslavian armed forces and for civilian use.

Development and design
In 1959 the Yugoslav aircraft company UTVA designed and built a single-engined, high-winged light utility aircraft, the UTVA 56, with a prototype making the first flight on 22 April 1959. Testing was successful, but the aircraft was redesigned for production, with a more powerful Lycoming O-480 engine, and designated the UTVA-60.

The UTVA-60 is an all-metal, four-place, strut-braced high-wing monoplane. It is fitted with a fixed conventional undercarriage which uses cantilevered steel tube struts. Trailing-edge wing flaps are linked to the ailerons, drooping the ailerons when the flaps are lowered to reduce landing speed, while the agricultural version's wing was fitted with slots.

The UTVA-60 was used as the basis for the UTVA-65, a specialised agricultural aircraft, which used the wings, undercarriage and tail of the UTVA-60, but with a low-mounted wing. The UTVA-60 was replaced in production by the UTVA-66, a further improved version.

Operational history
As well as civil use, the UTVA-60 was used by the Yugoslav Air Force, who received about 35, using them until 1982, while Cambodia received four aircraft.

Variants
UTVA-56
Prototype, powered by a 194 kW (260 hp) Lycoming GO-435 engine.
UTVA-60-AT1
Basic four seat utility version.
UTVA-60-AT2
Dual control version.
UTVA-60-AG
Agricultural version.
UTVA-60-AM
Ambulance version.
UTVA-60H
Floatplane, powered by a 221 kW (296 kW) Lycoming GO-480-G1H6 engine.

Operators

Royal Cambodian Air Force

Croatian Air Force

Khmer Air Force

Republika Srpska Air Force
92nd Light Multi role Aircraft Squadron

Yugoslav Air Force
122nd Hydroplane Liaison Squadron (1964–1968)
Letalski center Maribor (civil operator) YU-CBA, accident 20.06.1982

Specifications (UTVA-60-AT1)

See also

Notes

References

Donald, David (ed.) The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions, 1997. .
Grandolini, Albert. "L'Aviation Royale Khmere: The first 15 years of Cambodian military aviation". Air Enthusiast, Thirty-seven, September–December 1988. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. . pp. 39–47 .
Sport and Business Flight, 25 September 1959, p. 305.
Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Samson Low, Marston, 1965.
Mondey, David, Encyclopedia of The World's Commercial and Private Aircraft, Crescent Books, New York NY (1981), p. 241

External links

UTVA-60 (in Russian)

1950s Yugoslav civil utility aircraft
60
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
Globe Aircraft Corporation. The Globe Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1940 in Fort Worth, Texas. It was declared bankrupt in 1947.

History
The Bennett Aircraft Corporation was originally formed on 5 April 1940 to develop aircraft using a Bakelite bonded plywood Duraloid. The company's first design was the BTC-1 twin engined monoplane. The company was renamed the Globe Aircraft Corporation in 1941 and they produced a single-engined Continental A-80 powered Globe GC-1 Swift.

With the start of the war the company abandoned plans to produce the aircraft as it concentrated on sub-contract building of 600 Beech AT-10s and components for other aircraft like the Curtiss C-46.

When wartime restrictions were removed the company developed a re-designed and all-metal version of the GC-1 designated the GC-1A Swift which first flew in 1945. The production of the Swift was sub-contracted to the Texas Engineering and Manufacturing Company (TEMCO). In July 1947 the company was declared bankrupt; the assets and design rights of the Swift were bought by TEMCO.

Aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Bennett Aircraft Corporation Search Results – The Portal to Texas History
 Globe Aircraft Corporation Search Results – TCU Digital Repository

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Eyetech. Eyetech Group Ltd is a company founded in 1983, in order to provide commercial companies with automatical data collection systems. They had already been involved in the provision of the automatic toll collection systems used at the Dartford River Crossing, as well as many of the bar code based tracking systems used by UK national parcel service.

History
Eyetech Group Ltd was founded as a subsidiary of an international UK plc, before trading as its own, standalone plc following a management buyout in 1985. The company has mostly been involved in producing bespoke software systems for commercial use in the transport and distribution sector under Unix/AIX, track and trace systems involving the use of barcodes, which have been used by the majority of UK parcel carriers and bar code decoders and industrial (networked) shop floor data capture and access control systems.

Interest in Amiga
Eyetech took an interest in Amiga, as well as being a registered Amiga developer, in 1993 and developed their Amiga related commercial systems to cover three main areas: as an integrated multimedia development/mass delivery platform for its existing customer base with custom systems built around Amiga architecture, using rehoused Amiga hardware as a low cost multitasking platform for shop floor data collection/control applications in smaller industrial companies and as a karaoke platform harnessing cdrom technology.

During years on the Amiga market, Eyetech manufactured several accessories for Amiga computers including CD-ROM/IDE solution for A1200, custom tower cases based on off the shelf pc towers with replacement backplane metal work to match A1200 ports riveted on. scan doubler/flicker fixer and even attempted to introduce extension to Zorro bus standard.

In 2000 Eyetech and Amiga, Inc. formed partnership to produce hardware for new AmigaOne platform. AmigaOne computers were introduced in 2002, first AmigaOne SE followed by AmigaOne XE and Micro-A1 models. Eyetech retired from the Amiga market in 2005 and subsequently sold their remaining Amiga business to Amiga Kit who claims to have continued manufacturing and distributing Eyetech products to the Amiga market to present day.

References

Further reading 
 
 

Amiga companies
Companies established in 1983
Computer companies of the United Kingdom
Computer hardware companies
Home computer hardware companies
SAN Jodel D.150 Mascaret. The Jodel D.150 Mascaret is a French two-seat single-engined light aircraft of the 1960s built by Société Aéronautique Normande (SAN) as a replacement for the earlier Jodel D11 trainer/tourer aircraft.

Development and design
In 1961, Jean Délémontez designed a two-seat light aircraft for the Société Aeronautique Normande (SAN) at Bernay in Normandy to replace his earlier Jodel D.11, which SAN (amongst other manufacturers) were building to meet a requirement for aircraft to equip flying clubs subsidised by the French government. Délémontez based the new design on his three–four seat Jodel Ambassadeur, (also being built by SAN), with a reduced span wing and shorter fuselage.

The new aircraft, the D.150 Mascaret - named after a tidal bore first flew on 2 June 1962, production beginning in 1963.

Like all the light aircraft that Délémontez designed under the Jodel and Robin names, the D.150 is a low-winged monoplane of wooden construction, with distinctive upturned outer wings. The D.150 was the first Jodel fitted with an all-moving tail, later fitted on larger models such as DR.1051 model (Sicile Record). It has a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, with its crew of two sitting side by side under a two-door canopy.  It was offered with the same range of engines as the larger Ambassadeur, giving a good performance for a two-seat trainer/tourer.

Operational history

Sixty-one D.150s had been completed by 1969, when SAN went into liquidation, the factory being brought by Avions Mudry. Plans for homebuilt construction of the Mascaret remain available, over 100 having been built, including completion of an unfinished factory airframe.

Variants
D.150 Mascaret
Basic version, powered by 75 kW (100 hp) Rolls-Royce Continental O-200 engine, 39 factory built.
D.150A Mascaret
Version powered by 78 kW (105 hp) Potez 4E engine, 22 factory built.

Specifications (D.150 100 hp Continental)

Notes

References

 Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, Second edition, 2005. .
 Harrison, Neil. "In The Air:No. 188: Jodel D.150 Mascaret". Flight International, 13 August 1964, pp. 260–262.
 Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Samson Low, Marston, 1965.
 Taylor, Michael J.H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. . 

1960s French civil utility aircraft
Mascaret
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Jodel aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1962
MAGPIE. MAGPIE (Mega Ampere Generator for Plasma Implosion Experiments) is a pulsed power generator based at Imperial College London, United Kingdom. The generator was originally designed to produce a current pulse with a maximum of 1.8 million amperes in 240 nanoseconds (150 nanoseconds rise time). At present the machine is operated with a maximum current of approximately 1.4 million amperes and operates as a z-pinch facility.

The generator consists of four voltage multipliers (Marx generators), each one containing 24 capacitors. At the maximum charging voltage of 100 kilo-volts, an output voltage of 2.4 million volts is produced and delivered into the load section. The pulses have a rise time of 150 ns and can be delivered in a high impedance load through a 1.25 Ω final line impedance.

Research at the MAGPIE generator has focused in the past on the field of inertial confinement fusion, but has recently seen significant adaptations for studies of Laboratory Astrophysics. In particular, the study of astrophysical jets in young stellar objects (see Herbig–Haro object) has been motivated by improved observational capabilities in the recent years. The simulation of such large-scale events has been undertaken at MAGPIE both from a computational point of view, through the GORGON code, and from an experimental one by means of the generator.

MAGPIE is one of several similar pulsed power machines worldwide, of which the largest and most powerful is the Z-machine at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

References

External links
MAGPIE pulsed-power generator website at Imperial College London

Electrical generators
Plasma physics facilities