omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
1948 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crash. The 1948 Royal Air Force Avro Lancaster crash took place on 3 September 1948, operated by the Royal Air Force with an Avro Lancaster B Mk III GR. The aircraft crashed on the slopes of "Colle dei Lecci" on the island of Montecristo (at about  altitude). The crash and subsequent fire resulted in the deaths of all seven occupants of the aircraft.

Aircraft 
The aircraft was an Avro Lancaster B Mk III GR, registration TX269, which entered service in September 1945 with RR Merlin 224 engines; its callsign was RL-N. It belonged to the 38th RAF Squadron stationed at Malta's Luqa airport. The aircraft was completely destroyed in the incident.

Incident 
The aircraft was reported missing during a joint Anglo-American military exercise shortly after midnight on September 3, 1948, while flying from Luqa base (Malta) to Mawgan base (Cornwall, near Newquay).

The crew of a sailing ship en route to Porto Santo Stefano observed the bomber flying at very low altitude and crashing on the island of Montecristo. The sea was too rough, and the sailing ship, unable to approach Montecristo, continued towards its destination; an alert was raised from Porto Santo Stefano to the Port Authority of Livorno, which sent two corvettes to the island's waters. Due to the adverse sea conditions, these two ships could only depart at 16:00. Meanwhile, a major rescue operation took place: the American aircraft carrier , supported by seven destroyers and one of the two Italian corvettes sent from Livorno. A Supermarine Seafire launched from the British aircraft carrier  spotted the wreckage of TX269 on the rocks of the upper Santa Maria Valley, on the southwestern side of Montecristo. Immediately, a search team was dispatched from the same aircraft carrier to the island, where they found the remains of TX269 and the seven occupants, whose bodies were recovered and subsequently, in the afternoon of September 5, buried with military honors in the waters of the island by HMS Triumph.

Among the crew were the pilot Arthur, co-pilot Kingsley, non-commissioned officer S.J. Herd, navigator Barthorpe, and gunner Dickens.

Report 
L'Unità of Sunday, September 5, 1948, reported:
"A sailing ship en route to Porto Santo Stefano spotted this morning (Sept. 4) a plane flying at very low altitude, crashing into the cliffs of the island of Montecristo and catching fire.
Due to a violent hurricane, the sailing ship could not approach the coast and headed for Porto Santo Stefano, where it raised the alarm.

The Livorno Port Authority immediately dispatched two corvettes, but they could not depart until 4 PM due to the violent hurricane that prevented navigation.
They arrived in Porto Santo Stefano only in the evening, from where they would depart in the early hours of tomorrow morning for the island of Montecristo. It appears the crashed plane is English."

Notes 

Accidents and incidents involving the Avro Lancaster
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1948
Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy
Amy Marconnet. Amy Marie Marconnet is an American mechanical engineer and an expert in heat transfer, especially for nanoscale materials. She is a professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue University. Her research has included the development of graphene-based tunable thermal climate control systems for batteries and electronics, and the effects of heat in straightening hair.

Education and career
Marconnet studied mechanical engineering as an undergraduate at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, graduating in 2007. She went to Stanford University for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earned a master's degree in 2009, and completed her Ph.D. in 2012. Her doctoral dissertation, Thermal phenomena in nanostructured materials & devices, was supervised by Kenneth E. Goodson.

After postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she joined the Purdue University faculty in 2013. She was promoted to full professor in Purdue's School of Mechanical Engineering 2024. At Purdue, she is also a Perry Academic Excellence Scholar and holds a courtesy appointment in the School of Materials Engineering.

Recognition
In 2017, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Electronics and Photonics Packaging Division named Marconnet as their Woman Engineer of the Year. In 2020 she received the Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Award in Heat Transfer of the ASME Heat Transfer Division, "for the development of a creative, interdisciplinary approach to evaluate, understand and control the physical mechanisms governing the thermal transport properties of materials, machines and systems". She was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2022.

References

External links
Marconnet Thermal & Energy Conversion Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Women mechanical engineers
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Stanford University alumni
Purdue University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Vertical Forest Tirana. Vertical Forest Tirana (; ) is a mixed-use highrise building located in Tirana, Albania. The tower stands at a total of 75 metres (246 ft) tall being divided into 21 floors and is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2024.

Architecture

Concept
As its very name suggests, the building embodies the concept of progressive Urban forestry for cities. The tower shares one common wall with the previously built Ambasador III Tirana, coming short of it to 7 meters. It was featured in Tirana's 2030 Materplan which mainly aimed to bring an increase in green and wooded surfaces in the central areas of the city. It was designed as a self-sustainable Green building displaying a total of 3,200 plants and 145 trees on the façades, which, according to the main architects, gives the building the impression of "opening like a flower".

The building has a total of 21 above ground floors and 4 underground, and will host 105 apartments when completed. The balconies share a design which points out the accentuatation of the building's boundaries extend outwards. The architects resolved this challenge with an intersection of the slabs between the floors which specifically rotate in opposite directions each. This feature aims to accentuate the movement of the façade and allowing the planting of further tall trees.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Albania
 List of tallest buildings in the Balkans
 Landmarks in Tirana

References

Gallery

Highrises in Albania
Buildings and structures in Tirana
Tourist attractions in Tirana
Sustainable buildings and structures
Buildings and structures completed in 2024
Residential buildings completed in 2024
Flight 115. Flight 115 may refer to the following accidents involving commercial airliners:

Listed chronologically
 BOAC Flight 115, destroyed (without fatality) after over-running a runway on 26 October 1952
 Pan Am Flight 115, suffered a jet upset and narrowly avoided crashing on 3 February 1959
 Japan Air Lines Flight 115, suffered a tailstrike on 2 June 1978, leading to a later mechanical failure and crash in 1985

See also
 
 STS-115, a successful Space Shuttle mission in September 2006

0115
Zhipu AI. Zhipu AI (智谱AI), formally known as Beijing Zhipu Huazhang Technology, is a Chinese technology company specializing in artificial intelligence. As of 2024, it is one of China's "AI Tiger" companies by investors and considered to be the third largest LLM market player in China's AI industry according to the International Data Corporation.

History
The startup company began from Tsinghua University and was spun out as an independent company. 

In 2023, it raised 2.5 billion yuan with the help of Alibaba Group Holding and Tencent Holdings. Other investors of the company include Ant Group, Meituan, Xiaomi and HongShan.

In May 2024, Prosperity7 Ventures, LLC, a Saudi Arabian finance firm, funded Zhipu AI 400 million USD.

In March 2024, Zhipu AI said that they were developing a Sora-like technology to achieve artificial general intelligence (AGI). In July 2024, they debuted their "Ying" text-to-video model.

After OpenAI announced an API block for their services in some areas beginning in July 2024, Zhipu AI have announced a "Special Migration Program" for OpenAI API users.

In October 2024, Zhipu AI released GLM-4.0, an open-source end-to-end speech large language model. The model can replicate human-like interactions and has the capability to adjust its tone, emotion, or dialect based from user's preference.

Products and services

ChatGLM
ChatGLM is a series of pre-trained dialogue models jointly released by Zhipu AI and Tsinghua KEG in 2023. According to NVIDIA, their open-source ChatGLM3-6B in the ChatGLM 3.0 series described it as having "smooth dialogue and easy deployment" compared to the first two generations.

Ying
Debuted in July 2024, Ying is a text-to-video model that can generate image and text prompts into a six-second video clip for around 30 seconds. The service is available at their official website and mobile applications integrated with their ChatGLM chatbot.

AutoGLM
Released in October 2024, AutoGLM is an AI agent application that uses voice commands to complete tasks within a smartphone. The app can analyze complex tasks such as ordering an item from a nearby store and repeating an order based from the user's shopping history. The app was made as a rival to Apple's on-device AI system, Apple Intelligence.

The AI tool runs on a series of AI models and chatbots, such as their ChatGLM chatbot, to process the required actions.

See also 

 Baichuan
 MiniMax
 Moonshot AI

References

External links 
 

2019 establishments in China
Artificial intelligence companies
Caroline Hazlewood. Caroline Hazlewood  is a Chartered Civil Engineer and Group Manager for the Flood and Water Management Group at HR Wallingford.

She is best known for her work in the field of flood risk modelling.

Hazlewood started their undergraduate in civil engineering at the University of Cape Town in 1996. They continued their studies  to complete a MSc in hydraulic engineering in 2001. Hazlewood obtained their PhD in computational hydraulics in 2006 from the Open University.

Hazlewood joined HR Wallingford in 2002 when she was working on the development of methods for estimating roughness and water levels in rivers. This work underpins conveyance estimation systems developed for the Environment Agency. As group manager of the Flood and Water Management Group at HR Wallingford she oversees flood risk software distribution for the business.

Hazlewood became a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow in 2023.  She is also a member of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.

Hazlewood is on the editorial board for the Journal of Flood Risk Management  and is a member of the Industrial Advisory Board for the University of Bristol's Engineering Department.

References

Living people
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Raspberry Pi Holdings. Raspberry Pi Holdings plc is a British technology business focused on designing and manufacturing single-board computers (SBCs) and modules, marketed as Raspberry Pi, for use  by private individuals, including enthusiasts, and businesses. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History
In 2012, a charity established to promote the study of computer science, the Raspberry Pi Foundation, set up a new commercial entity responsible for developing and manufacturing its computers, namely Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd. It installed Eben Upton as CEO.

One of the company's objectives was to make the product affordable to schools and school children and, in 2015, it launched the Raspberry Pi Zero at a selling price of US$5 or £4.

In 2021, Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd changed its name to Raspberry Pi Ltd. Its newly-formed holding company, Raspberry Pi Holdings, was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange in June 2024. As a result of the initial public offering, Raspberry Pi Holdings' largest shareholder, the Raspberry Pi Foundation, was diluted from holding 77.31% of the company to just 49.08% of it.

Operations
The company uses Broadcom as supplier of system on a chip components and Sony as manufacturer of most of its products. As of June 2024, the company had sold 60 million single-board computers.

References

External links
 

Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies established in 2012
1861 in animation. Events in 1861 in animation.

Events
May 2: On May 2, 1861, while working near Paris, Henri Désiré du Mont filed French patent 49,520 for "a photographic device for reproduction of the successive phases of movement". It would transport 10 or 12 photographic plates, one by one, from a slotted frame, past the camera lens, into a lower receptacle area. A moving shutter was synchronized to ensure the plates were only exposed when they were in the right place.
Specific date unknown: 
In 1861, the American engineer Coleman Sellers II received US patent No. 35,317 for the kinematoscope, a device that exhibited "stereoscopic pictures as to make them represent objects in motion". In his application he stated: "This has frequently been done with plane pictures but has never been, with stereoscopic pictures". He used three sets of stereoscopic photographs in a sequence with some duplicates to regulate the flow of a simple repetitive motion, but also described a system for very large series of pictures of complicated motion.
In 1861, the Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně used his version of the phenakistiscope to illustrate the beating of a heart.  
In 1861, Samuel Goodale patented a hand-turned stereoscope device which rapidly moved stereo images past a viewer, in a fashion similar to the later mutoscope.
In 1861, the Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell produced the first colour photograph, displayed by using three magic lantern projectors with different colour filters.

Births

December
 December 8: Georges Méliès, French film director, actor, and stage magician (pioneered the production of trick films and stop-motion animation, and the use of storyboards; credited with discovering the stop trick), (d. 1938).

Deaths

May
 May 13: William Henry Fitton, Irish physician and geologist, (credited as the inventor of the animation device thaumatrope in the memoirs of his friend Charles Babbage), dies at age 81.

References

Sources 

 

1860s in animation
1861 in mass media
1861 in the arts
Aliasing (disambiguation). Aliasing may refer to:

 Alias (command), a replacement command in various command line interpreters
 Aliasing (computing), having multiple labels or names for the same memory location
 Aliasing (factorial experiments), a property that makes some effects in factorial experiments "aliased", or indistinguishable from each other.
 Aliasing (signal processing), a feature in signal processing and related disciplines

See also 
 Anti-aliasing
 Anti-aliasing filter

Technology and engineering disambiguation pages
Military textile science. Military textile science is the study and development of technical textiles used by defense forces on land, sea, and air. The products derived from this field of study are designated as military textiles.This field includes various types of textiles, such as woven, knitted, nonwoven, coated, laminated, and composite materials, all designed to meet the specific needs of military operations. The focus is on creating textiles that are lightweight, durable, and effective in providing comfort, protection, and survival in challenging environments.

History  
The history of military textile science dates back to the late 18th century, with one of the earliest documented studies attributed to Benjamin Thompson. In 1792, he published a paper on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society where he highlighted the importance of internally trapped air in textiles for thermal insulation. Here is the list of innovations in military textiles in history

Material and performance parameters 
Military textiles are categorized under various functional criteria, which includes: 

 Thermal and Evaporative Resistance: Measured using the skin model to determine the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of textiles. 
 Water Resistance: Fabrics should have high water vapor permeability or low evaporative resistance to allow sweat evaporation while being water repellent to minimize water pick-up. 
 Durability: Textiles should exhibit excellent durability, especially in harsh environments, and maintain their protective qualities after multiple launderings. 
 Flame Resistance: Fabrics should be inherently flame-resistant or treated to resist flames, with an emphasis on not melting or dripping when exposed to heat. 
 Weight and Bulk: Military uniforms need to be lightweight and flexible to not hinder performance, while also providing adequate protection. 
 Comfort: Materials should be comfortable to wear for extended periods, considering factors like breathability and moisture management. 
 Chemical and Biological Protection: Textiles may need to provide protection against chemical and biological agents, requiring specific material designs and coatings. 
 Camouflage Properties: Fabrics should have effective camouflage capabilities, including visual and near-infrared reflectance. 
 Ventilation Rates: The ability of clothing to allow air flow and moisture movement to prevent heat stress. 
 Mechanical Properties: High tensile and compressive strength, damage tolerance, and low specific weight are critical for ballistic protective equipment. 

These parameters ensure that military textiles meet the demanding requirements of various operational environments while providing protection and comfort to the wearer.

References 

Textiles
Military science
Pixel stealing attack. In cybersecurity, pixel stealing attacks are a group of timing side-channel attacks that allow cross-origin websites to infer how a particular pixel is displayed to the user.

History 
One of the earliest known instances of a pixel-stealing attack was described by Paul Stone in a white paper presented at the Black Hat Briefings conference in 2013. Stone's approach exploited a quirk in how browsers rendered images encoded in the SVG format. SVG images support various features, including the ability to apply SVG filters that applies transform image content. Stone discovered that by measuring the time it took for a browser to render a morphological filter over a known set of pixels and then comparing this with the time taken to render the same filter over a pixel from an unknown website, he could infer the color of the pixels. This allowed him to build a grayscale image of the other website which could be then used to leak information about the website.

References 

Client-side web security exploits
Kaushik Bhattacharya. Kaushik Bhattacharya is an Indian American mechanician and material scientist. He is currently the Howell N. Tyson, Sr., Professor of Mechanics and Professor of Materials Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He is also vice-provost at Caltech.

Bhattacharya is known for his mathematical and computational contributions to material science, especially the study of microstructure.

Education and career 
Bhattacharya received a B.Tech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, in 1986. He received his Ph.D. in 1991 from the University of Minnesota under the supervision of Richard James. He was a post-doctoral associate at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences between 1991 and 1993. He joined Caltech in 1993 and has held visiting positions at Cornell University (1988), Heriot-Watt University (1992), Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (1997-98), Isaac Newton Institute at the University of Cambridge (1999), Indian Institute of Science (2001) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2006). In 2016, he was named vice provost at Caltech. He also served as editor of the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids from 2004 to 2015.

Awards and recognition 
 Koiter Medal in 2015 awarded by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

 Theodore von Kármán Prize in 2020 awarded by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

 Infosys Prize in 2023 awarded by the Infosys Science foundation.

References

External links 
Kaushik Bhattacharya at Google Scholar

Living people
21st-century American scientists

Year of birth missing (living people)
Tianshu Bi. Tianshu Bi (, born 1973) is a Chinese electrical engineer whose research interests include power system protection and phasor measurement. She is vice president of the North China Electric Power University and executive deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources.

Education and career
Bi is originally from Jiyuan. She was a student at North China Electric Power University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in 1994 and a master's degree in 1997. She has a 2002 PhD from the University of Hong Kong.

After joining the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2005, she became a professor at the North China Electric Power University in 2006. She became executive deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Alternative Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources in 2011, and vice president of the North China Electric Power University in 2019.

Recognition
Bi was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2022, "for contributions to synchrophasor technology and protective relay applications".

References

External links

1973 births
People from Jiyuan
Living people
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese women engineers
Women electrical engineers
North China Electric Power University alumni
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Fellows of the IEEE
Pablo Álvarez Fernández. Pablo Álvarez Fernández (born 1988) is a Spanish aeronautical engineer and astronaut. In November 2022, he was selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a full astronaut in the class of 2022 and it was in April 2024 when he graduated as such.

Career 

Born in León, his family comes from Omaña, specifically from Sabugo and Garueña. In 2009, he graduated in aeronautical engineering from the University of León and in 2011 he obtained a master's degree in aerospace engineering from the Warsaw Institute of Technology. Between 2011 and 2017 he worked as a structural engineer on several aviation programs for Airbus and Safran in Spain, the United Kingdom and France, where he was involved in projects such as the A350, the A380, the Boeing 777 and the COMAC C919.

Between 2017 and 2020 he worked as a mechanical architect for the Rosalind Franklin rover of the ExoMars mission at Airbus Defence and Space in the United Kingdom, where he was responsible of the design and development of the structure and the installation of the different scientific instruments with which the vehicle is equipped, as well as its integration into the landing platform, in addition to being a test director during the environmental test campaign. He also worked on the design, development and testing of the different seals of the ExoMars rover to avoid biological contamination.

In 2020, he joined Airbus Spain as a project manager. In November 2022, he was selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a member of its 2022 astronaut promotion, in which the Leonese Sara García Alonso was also selected.

On 22 April 2024, he graduated as an astronaut from the ESA in Cologne, where he trained for a year, among a class of more than 22,500 candidates. Thus, he became the second Spanish astronaut and the first in 31 years since the graduation of Pedro Duque in 1993.

References 

Spanish astronauts
Living people
1988 births
21st-century Spanish engineers
People from León, Spain
European Space Agency personnel