omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nord 2800. The Nord 2800 was a 1950s training monoplane designed and built in France by Nord Aviation.

Development
The Nord 2800 was built in response to a French Air Force requirement for a military trainer to seat three people. It was a basic trainer design of all-metal construction that featured a retractable tail wheel type landing gear. Competitors to the Nord 2800 included the Dassault MD-80 ABC and Morane-Saulnier MS.730. The Nord 2800 had two of the crew sitting side-by-side, with the third crewman sitting behind. Flight tests revealed controllability issues, and despite tail and rudder modifications, the Nord 2800 lost out to the MS.730.

Specifications (variant specified)

References

 

1950s French civil utility aircraft
2800
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1950
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Admiralty Engineering Laboratory. The Admiralty Engineering Laboratory was an engineering research department of the British Admiralty from 1917 to 1964 then the Navy Department from 1964 to 1977. Its original work was the design of submarine engines but later  to encompass ship engines.

History
In 1915 the Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy communicated to the Board of Invention and Research his recommendations as to the material and design for submarine engines. Following and experimental engine was built to run through research testing and to identify any potential problems. In 1917 a Royal Naval Laboratory was established in South Kensington, London, England under the supervision of Sir Dugald Clerk as its director its name was later changed to the Admiralty Engineering Laboratory.

The research  work of the  Royal Naval Laboratory was initially shared between two separate departments, the Mechanical Engineering Department established in 1917 and the Electrical Engineering Department created later in 1919. In 1920 they transferred to the Sonic Works in the Yiewsley Urban District and became known as the Admiralty Engineering Laboratory, though collectively a part of the laboratory they remained independent organisations retaining their name and supervised by their own directors. In 1964 overall control of the laboratory was transferred to the Ship Department which was under the supervision of the Director-General Ships at Bath. 

In 1972 it was absorbed into the National Gas Turbine Establishment. By 1974 it was a subordinate component of the Directorate-General Research Electronics until it was abolished in 1977. Towards the end of its existence its work focused on research, development, design and testing of electrical systems and machinery and 
researching on problems related to modern marine propulsion systems.

Administration
Director Admiralty Engineering Laboratory
 1917–1919, Sir Dugald Clerk

Superintendent Admiralty Engineering Laboratory
 1917–1919, Engineer Commander C. J. Hawkes
 1923, Engineer-Commander H. B. Tostevin

Superintendent'
 1974–1977, Captain J Hurworth, FI MARE, RN

References

Sources
 "Admiralty: Admiralty Engineering Laboratory: Reports, Technical Notes and Memoranda". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives UK. 1920–1977. Retrieved 6 February 2019. 
 Brown, D. K. (2010). "1 Preparations for War". The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. . 
 Hackmann, Willem Dirk (1984). Seek & strike : sonar, anti-submarine warfare, and the Royal Navy, 1914–54. London, England: H.M.S.O. .
 Smith, G. H. (1975). "Ministry of Defence: Navy Department". The Civil Service Year Book. London: HM Stationery Office. .

Admiralty departments
Ministry of Defence Navy Department
Mitsubishi Ha-43. The Mitsubishi Ha-43, known as the Ha-211 by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force (IJAAF) and MK9 by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS)),  was a Japanese 18-cylinder, twin-row air-cooled radial engine developed during World War II.  It was a more powerful derivative of Mitsubishi's 14-cylinder Kinsei.  While planned for use in several promising aircraft, only prototypes were made and the engine never saw combat.

Design and development
The Ha-43 was Mitsubishi's answer to Nakajima's Ha-45.  The engine was planned to produce  while retaining high reliability and a superior power-to-weight ratio compared to contemporary engines in its class.  The frontal area per hp. was also intended to be the smallest in the world.  However, such ambitious targets necessitated extraordinary efforts and ingenuity at the same time.

At the time, Mitsubishi was working to promote a different engine, the Ha-42 (an 18-cylinder derivative of the Kasei), development of which was prioritized above the Ha-43's, delaying its completion.  Consequently, the Ha-45 entered service first, albeit plagued with reliability issues, which would also trouble the Ha-43.  Numerous promising aircraft, such as the Kyushu J7W interceptor and Mitsubishi's own A7M Reppu fighter, were planned to use the Ha-43, but in the end, such aircraft did not see service before Japan's surrender, nor did the engine itself.

Variants and designations
Data from: Japanese Aero-Engines 1910-1945
A20 Company designation
Ha-211 IJAAF designation
MK9 IJNAS designation
Ha-43 Unified (IJAAF and IJNAS) designation system

Applications
Kawanishi N1K5-J (project; not built)
Kyushu J7W1
Mansyū Ki-98
Mitsubishi A7M2/A7M3
Mitsubishi J4M
Mitsubishi Ki-83

Specifications (Ha-43/Ha-211/MK9)

See also

References

Ha43
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
1940s aircraft piston engines
Payen Pa.101. The Payen Pa.101 was an experimental aircraft designed by Nicolas Roland Payen in the 1930s.

Design
The Pa.101 was quite unorthodox for employing a combination of a delta wing and canard surfaces, given that the delta wing was in its developmental infancy.

Specifications

References

Bibliography
 

Pa.101
1930s French experimental aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Canard aircraft
Delta-wing aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Payen AP.10. The Payen or Aubrun-Payen AP.10 was an experimental aircraft designed and built in collaboration with Nicolas Roland Payen in the 1930s.

Design
The AP.10 was a tailless single-seat aircraft of reverse-delta configuration. In this it differed markedly from Payen's extensive line of sharply-swept delta canard designs.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

AP.10
1930s French experimental aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Petitbon RP-40. The Petitbon RP-40 Le Voyageur was a two-seat touring aircraft built in the early 1950s.

Design
The Petitbon RP-40 was a low-wing monoplane intended for amateur construction tourism.

Specifications

References

Aircraft first flown in 1953
1950s French civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Ikarus 256. The Ikarus 256 is a high-floor bus used as a coach for long-distance service and for interurban traffic. It was made from 1977–1989, alongside the larger Ikarus 250, by the Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus.

Technical description 

Designed as a high-floor two-axle bus, the Ikarus 256 has a semi-self supporting body, with the engine installed under the floor at the back, following the configuration pioneered in West Germany by Setra in the 1950s and 1960s.  The body platform incorporates two airsprung beam axles, with the rear axle being a planetary axle. The axles have two hydraulic shock absorbers each. Twin tyres are fitted on the rear axle and single tyres on the front axle. Their size is 10–20″. The steering system is a hydraulically assisted ball-and-nut steering system. In total, the bus has three different braking systems: A pneumatic dual-circuit braking system, an exhaust braking system and a spring-loaded parking brake.

An MAN D 2156 engine, built under licence by Rába, powers the bus.  It is a straight six-cylinder, naturally aspirated, liquid-cooled, diesel engine with direct injection, displacing . The rated power (DIN 70020) is , the rated torque (DIN 70020) . The torque is transmitted to a fully synchronised five-speed gearbox via a single-disc dry-clutch; a six-plus-one-speed gearbox was also available as a factory option. With the default five-speed gearbox, the bus can reach a top speed of 106 km/h. It seats up to 45 passengers.

Bibliography 

Werner Oswald: Kraftfahrzeuge der DDR. 2nd edition. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, , p. 313

External links 

Ikarus buses
Coaches (bus)
Step-entrance buses
Vehicles introduced in 1977
RV Falkor Too. RV Falkor (too)  is an oceanographic research vessel refitted in 2021–2022 from the former multi-role offshore support vessel MS Polar Queen. The ship was purchased by the Schmidt Ocean Institute in March 2021. It replaced the .

Building and Delivery
The Norwegian company Sea4 AS had ordered two new vessels to be built by the  shipyard in Vigo, Spain, in November 2007. The design for the two vessels was developed by the Norwegian naval architect and ship design company Skipsteknisk AS and called ST-254L CD. It is similar to the previously developed design ST-253, which was realized as hull number 701 at the Freire Shipyard as well. This shorter vessel- the Volstad Surveyor was later converted at the Damen shipyard and became the OceanXplorer 1.

It was scheduled that the vessels with the hull numbers 702 and 703 would be delivered in February and August 2010 and operated by the two subsidiaries Sea4 I Shipping Ltd. and Sea 4 II Shipping Ltd. The keel for hull number 703 - the later Polar Queen was laid at the 11. December 2008. However, there was a six months delay due to the global financial crisis. In September 2009, it was announced that GC Rieber Shipping had taken over Sea4's subsidiaries for a total of approximately 800 million NOK because at that time, no chartering agreements had been entered into for the newbuildings. Finally the Polar Queen was taken by GC Rieber at the 6. October 2011.

Service
GC Rieber had signed a two-year charter contract with Oceanografía S.A. de C.V. for the Mexican state oil company Pemex, starting Offshore services in the Gulf of Mexico in November 2011. But before the contract expired a Maritime lien arose between GC Rieber and Oceanografía. As a consequence a federal judge in Texas has told a United States Marshal to seize the vessel.

Starting in October 2012, the Polar Queen was chartered by Boa Marine Services Inc. which was based in Houston, Texas, and a subsidiary of the Norwegian BOA Offshore AS. The charter contract was later prolonged beyond April 2015.

From April to December 2017, the ship was used to transport equipment and personnel for the construction of the Nordsee One offshore wind farm in the German North Sea.

From 2018 to 2020, the Polar Queen was used for so called walk-to-work and accommodation services in the North Sea during the summer months.
An active heave compensated gangway mounted on board the vessel, allowed technicians and engineers to walk to Normally unmanned installations, e.g. the offshore riser platform Forties Unity in the Forties Oil Field, to perform scheduled maintenance or repairs. When their shift was over, they could walk back to the vessel where they had their accommodation.

Sale and refit

GC Rieber announced the sale of the vessel on 23. February 2021 and the Schmidt Ocean Institute confirmed the purchase one month later. The vessel sailed to Spain and arrived at Vigo in April 2021 to commence the refit.

See also

References

External links
 

Research vessels
Research vessels of the United States
2011 ships
Ships built in Vigo, Spain
Northrop-Hendy XT37. The Northrop-Hendy T37 Turbodyne (company designation N-10) was an American turboprop engine developed by the Turbodyne Division of Northrop in the late 1940s.

Design and development

Turbodyne I
Northrop undertook a private venture to develop a turboprop engine from 1939 and was awarded a joint US Army/US Navy contract in 1941 for design, analysis and fabrication of a research compressor for the proposed engine. The contract was amended later to call for construction of two complete engine prototypes.

Northrop had neither the space or expertise to fabricate the engines in a reasonable time-scale so they joined forces with the Joshua Hendy Iron Works in 1944 to form the Northrop-Hendy company. the two prototype engines were completed and test run in late 1944, but the first engine compressor failed, destroying the engine. Meanwhile the USN cancelled their interest in the engine in 1945, leaving the US Army to carry on. Testing continued with the second engine until that too failed, terminating the programme.

Throughout testing the prototype engines failed to meet performance estimates due to poor compressor and turbine efficiencies.

XT37
Northrop-Hendy continued their partnership to develop the XT37, a large turboprop, expected to deliver ca , but this too failed to deliver on the promised performance.

N-10 designation confusion 
Officially, the company designation N-10 was assigned to the T37 Turbodyne.  However, drawings exists of a flying wing cargo aircraft designated N-10.  The reason that both the Turbodyne and this flying wing design were assigned the designation is unknown.

Specifications (Northrop-Hendy Turbodyne I)

See also

References

1940s turboprop engines
OCEAN2020. The OCEAN2020 initiative, signed in late March 2018, is a large-scale technology demonstration project funded by the European Union's Preparatory Action on Defence Research and implemented by the European Defence Agency.

Funded by the European Union's Preparatory Action on Defence Research and implemented by the European Defence Agency, the project aims at building up a Recognised Maritime Picture to secure maritime dominance, through the integration of data from multiple sources and unmanned systems in existing fleets.

With a 35 million budget, the 3-year project is aimed to solve the problems of integrating EU systems as well as integrating the individual organizations into a team. From an operational perspective, this initiative will bring significant improvement to maritime Situation Awareness, with extended surveillance performance by using unmanned platforms integrated with Combat Management Systems.

The Consortium 
The team involving 42 entities, from enterprises to startups, is drawn from 15 countries across Europe with end users of some European Navies such as Italian, Lithuanian Navy, Portuguese, Hellenic and Spanish MoD.

Main Activities 
The project will follow standard proven processes and will facilitate user involvement during the whole project cycle, from definition to demonstration and assessment. This approach is essential to align the objectives and scope of OCEAN2020 with the EU Members Navies vision and cover, validation of potential technologies for future certifications, standardization and procurement strategies.

Live Demos 
OCEAN2020 project will involve two live demonstrations of maritime surveillance and interdiction operations, conducted by European fleets using unmanned aircraft, surface vessels and underwater systems.

References

External links 
 

European Union
Technology demonstrations
Engineering consulting. Engineering consulting is the practice of performing engineering as a consulting engineer. It assists individuals, public and private companies with process management, idea organization, product design, fabrication, maintenance, repair and operations (MRO), servicing, tech advice, tech specifications, tech estimating, costing, budgeting, valuation, branding, and marketing.

Engineering consulting firms may involve civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, environmental, chemical, industrial, and agricultural, electronics and telecom, computer and network, instrumentation and control, information technology, manufacturing and production, aerospace, marine, fire and safety, etc.

Education 
In certain countries, the title "consulting engineer" lacks legal protection, while in other countries, it necessitates a minimum of a Bachelor's degree in engineering and a government license.

See also 
 International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), a standards organization for construction technology and consulting engineering

References 

Consulting by type
Engineering disciplines
Computed axial lithography. Computed axial lithography is a method for 3D printing based on computerised tomography scans to create objects from photo-curable resin. The process was developed by a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Unlike other methods of 3D printing, computed axial lithography does not build models through depositing layers of material, as fused deposition modelling and stereolithography does, instead it creates objects by projecting a 2D image of the spinning 3D model onto a cylinder of resin spinning at the same rate. It is notable for its ability to build an object much more quickly than other methods using resins and the ability to embed objects within the objects.

References 

3D printing processes
Birgit Skrotzki. Birgit Skrotzki (born 1963 in Bochum) is the head of the division Experimental and Model Based Mechanical Behaviour of Materials at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing and an extraordinary professor at Technische Universität Berlin.

Education 
Skrotzki received her diploma in Mechanical Engineering (specialization in Materials Science) at the Ruhr University Bochum in 1987. From 1993 to 1995, she was a research associate in the Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Virginia. In 1992, she finished her doctorate on Temperatures and Course of Martensitic Transformation in Iron Alloys. From 1995 to 2003, she was the head of the Light Metals group at the Institute for Materials at the Ruhr University Bochum. From 1998 to 2003, she was also the chief engineer at the Institute of Materials at the Ruhr University Bochum. In 2000, she completed her habilitation on Mechanical Loading of Light Alloys at Elevated Temperature. In 2003, she became head of the division  "Experimental and Model Based Mechanical Behaviour of Materials" at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing. In 2011, she also became an extraordinary professor at Technische Universität Berlin.

Research 
She is a specialist in High-Temperature Materials.

Her research focuses on the following topics:

 Mechanical Behaviour of metals and composites at high temperature and under complex loading
 Relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties
 Microstructural stability

Selected publications

Awards 
 Buehler Award for the best technical publication in "Practical Metallography" in 1997
 Tammann Commemorative Medal of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde in 2016

References 

Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German women engineers
1963 births
Living people
People from Bochum
20th-century German women engineers
21st-century German women engineers
20th-century German engineers
21st-century German engineers
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Zhong Wanxie. Zhong Wanxie (; 24 February 1934 – 12 November 2023), also known as Wan-Xie Zhong, was a Chinese civil engineer and physicist. He was a professor at the Dalian University of Technology who specializes in computational mechanics and engineering mechanics. He pioneered computational mechanics in China and served as the founding Chairman of the Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics and an executive committee member of the International Association for Computational Mechanics. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993.

Biography 
Zhong Wanxie was born on 24 February 1934 in Shanghai, Republic of China. His father, Zhong Zhaolin (钟兆琳), was a distinguished professor of electrical engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. After graduating from Tongji University in 1956, he entered the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and studied under Qian Weichang and Hu Haichang. From 1958, he taught mechanics at the University of Science and Technology of China.

In 1962, on the recommendation of Hu Haichang, Zhong was transferred to the Dalian University of Technology (DUT) to work under Qian Lingxi. Their collaboration soon bore fruit. They published two papers in Science in China and Acta Mechanica Sinica, on the "general variational theory of limit analysis and plasticity". The research was used in submarine design and was awarded national prizes. He remained a professor at DUT for the rest of his career.

In the early 1970s, Zhong pioneered computational mechanics, the use of computer technology in mechanics, in China. He led a team of scientists, including Cheng Gengdong, that designed engineering software using group theory. It was successfully used to design major projects such as the Shanghai TV Tower, the Liaoning Indoor Stadium, and the Shanghai Indoor Stadium.

In 1984, he was elected the first chairman of the newly established Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics (CACM). Two years later, he was elected an executive committee member of the International Association for Computational Mechanics (IACM).

Zhong was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993. He was awarded the State Natural Science Award multiple times and the Ho Leung Ho Lee Prize in Mathematics and Mechanics. He was an honorary professor of the University of Hong Kong and the University of Wales.

Zhong died on 12 November 2023, at the age of 89.

References 

1934 births
2023 deaths
Chinese civil engineers
Nanyang Model High School alumni
Tongji University alumni
Educators from Shanghai
Engineers from Shanghai
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Physicists from Shanghai
Academic staff of the University of Science and Technology of China
Academic staff of Dalian University of Technology
Tammann Commemorative Medal. The Tammann Commemorative Medal is awarded once a year and was established in remembrance of Gustav Heinrich Johann Apollon Tammann. It honors members of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde, who have made outstanding contributions to the field of materials research.

Awardees 

 1973 Heinrich Wollenberger
 1974 Hans Hillmann
 1975 Manfred Wilkens
 1976 Otmar Vöhringer
 1977 Werner Pepperhoff
 1978 Heinrich Mecking
 1979 Theodor Hehenkamp
 1980 Ulrich Heubner
 1981 Helmut Holleck
 1982 Friedrich Pfeifer
 1983 Sigfried Steeb
 1984 Christian Herzig
 1986 Rudolf Akeret
 1988 Florian Schubert
 1989 Hans Paul Hougardy
 1990 Herbert Stephan
 1991 Georg Grathwohl
 1992 Ernst-Theo Henig
 1993 Wolfgang Gust
 1994 Gerhard Inden
 1995 Gerhard Sauthoff
 1996 Hans Jürgen Grabke
 1997 Günter Lange
 1998 Hans-Georg Sockel 
 1999 Fritz Appel 
 2000 Gerhard K. Wolf 
 2001 Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer 
 2002 Dmitri Molodov 
 2004 Hermann Riedel 
 2005 Gunther Eggeler 
 2006 Stefanie Tschegg 
 2007 Jürgen Hirsch 
 2008 Rainer Schmid-Fetzer 
 2009 Reinhard Pippan 
 2011 Werner Skrotzki 
 2012 Ralf Riedel 
 2013 Ulrich Martin 
 2014 Peter Uggowitzer
 2015 Willem J. Quadakkers 
 2016 Birgit Skrotzki
 2017 Michael Zehetbauer
 2018 Robert Danzer
 2019 Jiří Svoboda
 2020 Christos G. Aneziris
 2021 Guillermo Requena

References 

German science and technology awards
Awards established in 1973
Materials science awards
Research awards