omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lorna Gibson. Lorna Jane Gibson is an American materials scientist and engineer currently the Matoula S. Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Education 
Lorna Gibson received her Bachelor of Applied Science (BASc) in Civil Engineering from the University of Toronto in 1978.  Gibson then attended the University of Cambridge, where she received her PhD in Materials Engineering in 1981 for research supervised by Michael F. Ashby, and focused on the elastic and plastic behavior of cellular materials.

Career and research
After receiving her PhD, Gibson worked as a Senior Engineer at Arctec Canada Ltd., which she left to work in academia.

Gibson worked as an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering at the University of British Columbia from 1982 to 1984. Gibson then moved to MIT where she became an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering in 1984, and an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering in 1987. Gibson became a full professor in both departments in 1995, and a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in 1996.  Since 1997, she has been the Matoula S. Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. Gibson also served as Chair of the Faculty from 2005 to 2006 and was Associate Provost from 2006 to 2008.                      

In 2005, Gibson founded OrthoMimetics Ltd. and served as its Mechanics of Materials Advisor.  In 2009, OrthoMimetics was acquired by Belgian company TiGenix in a deal valued at £14.3 million.

Awards and honors 
In 2015, Gibson was named a MacVicar Faculty Fellow, MIT's top award for undergraduate teaching.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
American materials scientists
University of Toronto alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Canadian materials scientists
Women materials scientists and engineers
Michael Cima. Michael J. Cima is an American materials scientist and engineer and the David H. Koch Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cima was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2011 for innovations in rapid prototyping, high-temperature superconductors, and biomedical device technology. 

His current research focuses on nano-based drugs, detection and monitoring, and personalized medicine.

Cima earned a B.S. in chemistry in 1982 (Phi Beta Kappa) and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1986, both from the University of California, Berkeley.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
American materials scientists
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
Joseph M. Sussman. Joseph Martin Sussman (November 17, 1939 Brooklyn, New York– March 20, 2018 Boston, Massachusetts) was an American engineer who was the JR East Professor the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Institute of Data, Systems and Society at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1980 to 1985, he served as Head of the Department of Civil Engineering at MIT. In 2007, he was elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

References

1939 births
2018 deaths
MIT School of Engineering faculty
American engineers
Transport engineers
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Engineers from Brooklyn
Tobiashammer. The Tobiashammer is a large, water-driven hammer mill in Ohrdruf in the German state of Thuringia. The mill, which dates to 1482, has been an industrial monument and museum since 1983.

History 
The first hammer forge was probably built in 1482 on the River Ohra. In 1592 the mill was bought by Tobias Albrecht, since when it has been named after him. The works originally had three huge iron hammers which were raised by the motion of a water wheel.
 
The mill made iron products such as scythes, sickles, ploughshares, lances and swords. Later, it also carried out copper processing; washbowls, washtubs, kettle drums, brewing implements, pots, cans and pans were made. The kettle drums, which were produced into the late 20th century, were made from a single piece of copper, forged under the tilt hammer and still set a standard today in terms of their sound.

The Tobiashammer was owned by the Albrecht family until 1816 when they sold it. Thereafter its owners changed more often. From the mid-19th century the mill was significantly enlarged. A rolling mill and a second hammer mill was built. The office (Kontorhaus), built in 1882, now acts as a restaurant, the Hammerschenke.

In 1972 the old, ruined hammer mill was bought from private owners by the Ohrdruf Steelworks.
In 1983 the Tobiashammer was opened to the public as a demonstration mill.

Museum, technology and art
The museum has five working trip hammers, a rolling mill, stamp mill  and grinding workshop as well as furnaces. The mill is still driven by four water wheels.

Since 1988 the Tobiashammer has also housed one of the largest steam engines in Europe: a twin, tandem, reversing, steam engine, built in 1920, with a total weight of 305 tonnes and a power output of 12,000 horsepower. It comes from the old Maxhütte smeltery at Unterwellenborn and was decommissioned in 1985. The engine is fully working and is operated during guided tours.

An annual event that has taken place since the museum's opening in 1983 is the Blacksmiths’ Symposium (Schmiede-Symposium). In 2009 it was entitled "Tribute to Fritz Kühn" and brought together ornamental metalsmiths from three continents. Over the years many well-known metalsmiths and metal sculptors have created their works of art here. Many still grace the outer areas of the museum site as part of its sculpture park, such as the gigantic, forged water lily by Alfred Habermann and Das Gesicht by Rüdiger Roehl.

References

Literature 
 Wolfgang Schmidt, Wilfried Theile: Denkmale der Produktions- und Verkehrsgeschichte. Teil 1. VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin, 1989, 
 Eberhard Wächtler: Tobiashammer Ohrdruf. Stahlverformungswerk Ohrdruf, 1987
  Manfred Beckert: Metallgestaltung im Tobiashammer. 25 Jahre Metallgestalter-Symposium im Tobiashammer, Steinbeis-Edition 2008,  
 Tobiashammer: ein Kunstbuch. Verlag für Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verlag, 1999

External links 

 Home page of the Tobiashammer

Hammer mills of Germany
Heritage sites in Thuringia
Museums in Thuringia
Gotha (district)
Nicola Pugno. Nicola Maria Pugno (born 4 January 1972) is an Italian scientist, mechanical engineer, astrophysicist, with phds in fracture mechanics and biology. He is a full professor of solid and structural mechanics at the University of Trento (previously at the Polytechnic University of Turin) and of materials science at the Queen Mary University of London (part-time; and visiting professor at the University of Oxford).

He has been selected as member of several committees such as the technical and scientific committee of the Italian Space Agency and as plenary speaker in several international workshops, events and conferences, such as at Falling Walls, at the World Economic Forum  and at the European Parliament invited by the European Research Council as well as -as opening plenary speaker- at the International Conference of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He is editorial board member of several international journals and has been appointed as the first field chief editor of Frontiers in Materials.

He has published about 500 papers in international journals and, for his scientific contributions in nanomechanics, bioinspiration, fracture mechanics and adhesion, he received -among other prizes (such as the first edition in 2012 of the GiovedìScienza prize for both science research and popularization)- in 2017 the A. A. Griffith Medal and Prize and in 2022 the Humboldt Prize. Since 2011, he has received several grants also from the European Union within the Excellent Science pillars for both fundamental science and high-tech transfer, that he is developing for several high-tech industries.

References

External links 
 

Solid mechanics
Italian materials scientists
Nanophysicists
1972 births
Living people
Millennium Power Plant. The Millennium Power Plant is a 360 MW power plant located in Charlton, Massachusetts. It is a natural gas combined-cycle plant currently owned by Talen Energy and operated by Millennium Power Partners LP.

Design
The plant currently consists of a single 360 MW combined-cycle turbine.

History

The plant was originally owned by PG&E National Energy Group, a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation (whose leading subsidiary is Pacific Gas and Electric Company), who commissioned it in 2001. PG&E National Energy Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2003. After the bankruptcy, Mach Gen LLC was formed to own four of PG&E National Energy Group's power plants including the Millennium Power Plant. MACH is an acronym where each letter represents one of the four initial plants. The M represents the Millennium Power Plant.

In 2014, Mach Gen LLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy leading to its 2015 sale of a portion of its natural gas portfolio including the Millennium Power Plant to Talen Energy.

Environmental Concerns

As of 2012, the Millennium Power Plant was the fourth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases in Massachusetts and produced 924,993 metric tons of greenhouse gases in 2011.

References

Natural gas-fired power stations in Massachusetts
Energy infrastructure completed in 2001
2001 establishments in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Charlton, Massachusetts
HMS Decoy (1871). HMS Decoy was an  composite gunboat of the Royal Navy, built at Pembroke Dockyard and launched on 12 October 1871. She served in both the Third Anglo-Ashanti War in 1873 and the Bombardment of Alexandria in 1882. She rapidly became obsolete and was sold in 1885.

Design and construction
Designed by Sir Edward Reed, Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy, the Ariel-class gunboats were the first gunboats of composite construction. She was armed with two  64-pounder (56 cwt) muzzle-loading rifles and two  20-pounder Armstrong breech loaders.  All four guns were mounted on traversing carriages. All the ships of the class carried a three-masted barquentine rig.

Operational service

Decoy was deployed off the coast of West Africa to support the operations on the Gold Coast. She deployed with  and . She also took part in the bombardment of Bootry.

In 1882 she formed part of the Naval and Military forces at the Bombardment of Alexandria. Argus, Isis, and  blockaded Damietta.

Fate
She was sold at Malta in 1885.

References

Publications

External links 
 

1871 ships
Ships built in Pembroke Dock
Ariel-class gunboats
Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
Materials Letters. Materials Letters is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal published by Elsevier which according to its website "is dedicated to publishing novel, cutting edge reports of broad interest to the materials community."

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Scopus
Science Citation Index Expanded
 
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.7.

References

External links

Materials science journals
Elsevier academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1982
Global Offset Table. The Global Offset Table, or GOT, is a section of a computer program's (executables and shared libraries) memory used to enable computer program code compiled as an ELF file to run correctly, independent of the memory address where the program's code or data is loaded at runtime.

It maps symbols in programming code to their corresponding absolute memory addresses to facilitate Position Independent Code (PIC) and Position Independent Executables (PIE) which are loaded to a different memory address each time the program is started. The runtime memory address, also known as absolute memory address of variables and functions is unknown before the program is started when PIC or PIE code is run so cannot be hardcoded during compilation by a compiler.

The Global Offset Table is represented as the .got and .got.plt sections in an ELF file which are loaded into the program's memory at startup. The operating system's dynamic linker updates the global offset table relocations (symbol to absolute memory addresses) at program startup or as symbols are accessed.
It is the mechanism that allows shared libraries (.so) to be relocated to a different memory address at startup and avoid memory address conflicts with the main program or other shared libraries, and to harden computer program code from exploitation.

References

Computer programming
Amilcare Porporato. Amilcare M. Porporato is an Italian-American engineer. As of 2018 he is Thomas J. Wu ’94 Professor at Princeton University.

From 2014 to 2017 he was the Addy Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University and an Elected Fellow of American Geophysical Union. His current concerns are earth sciences and its relationships and systems.

Porporato obtained a Master equivalent in Civil Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy, in 1992 and a Ph.D. at the Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy, in 1996. From 1995 to 2001, Porporato was an Assistant Professor at Turin's Department of Hydraulics, Transport and Civil Infrastructure, interrupted by a Postdoc stint in 1998 when he went to Texas A&M University as a Research Associate in the Environmental and Water Resources Division, and a year in Princeton as Visiting Scholar. In 2001 Turin promoted him to Associate Professor, and in 2004 Porporato was hired by Duke.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Duke University faculty
21st-century American engineers
Italian engineers
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
M. Howard Lee. M. Howard Lee (21 May 1937 – 18 November 2016) was a Korean-born American physicist who was Regents' Professor at University of Georgia.

Born in Busan, South Korea he gained a BS in chemistry in 1959 and a Ph.D. in physics and astronomy in 1967 from the University of Pennsylvania. He was then a postdoc at the Theoretical Physics Institute at the University of Alberta in Edmonton from 1967 to 1969, after which he was a member of the Center for Materials Science at MIT from 1969 to 1973. He was appointed assistant professor at the University of Georgia in 1973, becoming a full professor in 1985 and a Regents Professor in 1999.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2001, and his citation read Developed the method of recurrence relations to study dynamic behavior in many particle systems. Established an equivalence between Fermi and Bose gases in two dimensions.

References

1937 births
2016 deaths
People from Busan
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Georgia faculty
American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Anthony Rollett. Anthony Rollett is a British materials scientist and engineer currently at Carnegie Mellon University and a Fellow of the Institute of Physics. His research interests are within computational materials science, specifically mesoscale methods and microstructure evolution.

Selected publications
"One crystal out of many", Anthony Rollett, Science 362 (6418), 996-997 (2018)
"Simulation of plastic deformation in Ti-5553 alloy using a self-consistent viscoplastic model", Sudipto Mandal, Brian T. Gockel, Shanoob Balachandran, Dipankar Banerjee, Anthony D. Rollett, International Journal of Plasticity, 94, 57-73 (2017)
“Simulation Domain Size Requirements for Elastic Response of 3D Polycrystalline Materials”, Tugce Ozturk, Clayton Stein, Reeju Pokharel, Christopher Hefferan, Harris Tucker, Sushant Jha, Reji John, Ricardo A. Lebensohn, Peter Kenesei, Robert M. Suter, Anthony D. Rollett, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering (2015)
"Tutorial: Consistent representations of and conversions between 3D rotations" by Rowenhorst, D., Rollett, A.D., Rohrer, G.S., Groeber, M., Jackson, M., Konijnberg, P., De Graef, M., Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering (2015)
“Evolution of texture and microstructure in deformed and annealed Copper-Iron multilayer” by K.S. Suresh, Anthony Rollett, and Satyam Suwas, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (2015)
“Annealing Twins in Nickel Nucleate at Triple Lines During Grain Growth”, B. Lin, Y. Jin, C.M. Hefferan, S.F. Li, J. Lind, R.M. Suter, M. Bernacki, N. Bozzolo, A.D. Rollett, G.S. Rohrer, Acta Materialia, 99, 63-68 (2015)
“Abnormal Grain Growth in the Potts Model Incorporating Grain Boundary Complexions that Increase the Mobility of Individual Boundaries”, W.E. Frazier, G.S. Rohrer, and A.D. Rollett, Acta Materialia, 96, 390–398 (2015)
“Simulation of Residual Stress and Elastic Energy Density in Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Fast Fourier Transforms”, S.P. Donegan and A.D. Rollett, Acta Materialia, 96, 212–228 (2015)
"Evaluating the Effect of Processing Parameters on Porosity in Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V via Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography", Ross Cunningham, Sneha P. Narra, Jack Beuth, and A.D. Rollet, Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials (2015)

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
British materials scientists
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Fellows of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
American materials scientists
List of Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante operators. The following are civil and military operators of the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante:

Civil operators

In August 2008 a total of 122 EMB 110 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service worldwide with some 45 airlines.  Major operators include:
 
 Aeropelican (1)
 King Island Airlines (1)
 
 Pineapple Air (1)
 
 Abaeté Linhas Aéreas (6)
 Manaus Aerotáxi
 Táxi Aéreo Weiss
 
 Aeropro (2)
 Kenn Borek Air (1)
 
 Air Rarotonga (3)
 
 Aerocaribbean (4)
 
 Insel Air (3) (Retired)
 
  Northern Air (Fiji)
 
  Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos (6)
 
 Aberdair Aviation (1)
 
 Air UK
 Genair
 Jersey European Airways
 SkyDrift Air Charter (1)
 
 CM Airlines(7)
 
 Ryanair (1)
 
 Aberdair Aviation (3)
 
 Teddy Air (1)
 
 Agape Flights (1)
 AirNow (9)
 Air Sunshine (2)
 Arctic Circle Air (3)
 Royal Air Freight (5)
 Special Aviation Systems (4)
 Tropical Air Transport (1)
 Wiggins Airways (7)
 
 Rutaca (5)
 
 Payam Air (5) (4 stored)

Historically, a number of commuter airlines in the U.S. and elsewhere operated the EMB 110 in scheduled passenger airline operations.

Military operators

 EMB 100
  Brazilian Air Force - former operator.
 EMB 110
  National Air Force of Angola
  Brazilian Air Force Operates 104 aircraft.
  Military of Cape Verde
  Chilean Navy Operates five aircraft.
  Colombian Aerospace Force Operates two aircraft.
 
 
 Guyana Defence Force - former operator.
  The Uruguayan Air Force operated a total number of six Bandeirante aircraft. Five C-95s and one R-95. The C-95s were identified as FAU 580, FAU 581, FAU 582, FAU 583 and FAU 584. The R-95 received the registration FAU 585. The FAU 581, 583 and 584 were lost in accidents, and the R-95, the only Bandeirante that today remains in service with the Uruguayan Air Force, was one of the only two ever produced.
 EMB 111
  National Air Force of Angola
  Argentine Navy - leased by naval aviation during the Falklands War
  Brazilian Air Force
  Chilean Navy
  Senegalese Air Force

References 

Embraer aircraft
EMB 110
Radstube. Radstube means something like "wheelhouse" or "wheel room" and is the German mining term for a surface or underground structure designed to house a water wheel in order to drive a flatrod system. 

The fast-developing mining industry in Europe in the Middle Ages led to big increases in the quantities of materials used, mineshafts being sunk to ever increasing depths and, in particular, sharply rising demands on the water management of mines, all of which required suitable sources of power. One option for fulfilling these requirements was hydropower and the construction of water wheels. These were enclosed in buildings, or Radstuben, to protect them from the weather. The name Radstube was later also applied to underground chambers designed to accommodate a water wheel.

The installation of underground Radstuben was particularly difficult and expensive.

Literature 
 Alfred Nehls: Aller Reichtum lag in der Erde. Verlag Gronenberg, Gummersbach, 1993, 

Water management in mining
Water wheels
Type 075 landing helicopter dock. The Type 075 landing helicopter dock (NATO reporting name: Yushen-class landing helicopter assault) is a class of Chinese amphibious assault ships built by Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). It has a full-length flight deck for helicopter operations and features a floodable well deck from which to disembark hovercraft and armored amphibious assault vehicles.

History
The Marine Design and Research Institute of China (708 Institute) of the China State Shipbuilding Corporation began design work in 2011. Debate over the desired result may have continued into 2016. Reportedly, the Central Military Commission Equipment Development Department favored a smaller design than the final Type 075, effectively an enlarged Type 071 amphibious transport dock, possibly due to concerns that the existing propulsion plant was insufficient for a larger ship. Ultimately, the PLAN's desire for an LHA prevailed. Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding received the contract in 2018 and construction began that year. 

Images of Hainan, the first ship, under construction in drydock appeared by June 2019. She suffered a minor fire while fitting out in April 2020 which did not slow construction. Hainan commissioned on 23 April 2021 and reached  initial operating capability in March 2022.

In November 2022, the PLAN announced that the first two ships were combat ready.

Design

The flight deck is  long and  wide. There are seven flight spots - six along the port side and one aft of the island. The forward aircraft elevator can carry one medium helicopter with rotors folded; the stern elevator is larger and can carry Changhe Z-8 helicopters with rotors folded. Two weapons elevators are located on the forward flight deck. The hangar may be  long,  wide, and  high. The ship may operate 20 to 35 aircraft.

The well deck and vehicle deck are one continuous space. The well deck has a  wide gate and may be  long, sufficient for two or three Type 726 LCACs. The vehicle deck is large enough for a PLAN Marine Corps amphibious mechanized infantry company plus additional platoon-sized tank or artillery elements. An opening on each side allows roll-on/roll-off access to the vehicle deck. The ship has an estimated displacement between , or more than  at full displacement.

List of ships

See also
People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force
List of ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy

Citations

Sources

 

Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Amphibious warfare vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Helicopter carrier classes