omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Queensland Railways 3100/3200 class. The 3100/3200 class are a class of electric locomotives built by Comeng Rocklea and Hitachi for Queensland Rail between 1986 and 1989.

History
In July 1984, Comeng were awarded a contract to build 76 3100/3200 class electric locomotives with Hitachi supplying the electrical equipment. These were ordered to operate coal trains on the Blackwater and Goonyella railway lines that were in the process of being electrified. A further ten were later ordered.

Design of the electrical equipment was by General Electric and Hitachi, with the bodies being built and assembled at Comeng's Rocklea factory.

The first locomotive, 3101 Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen, was delivered on 26 May 1986.

All were fitted with Locotrol systems that allowed remote control locomotives in the centre of a train to be controlled from a command unit. Thus two separate classes were built, 19 class 3100 command units that could lead trains, and 67 class 3200 slave units.

In early 1997, four were fitted with  of ballast to increase their tractive effort.

3700 class
In March 2003, a contract was awarded to Siemens Mobility for the rebuilding of three 3200 class locomotives as CL 6 40m prototypes for a proposed rebuild of the entire class. The work was undertaken at United Group, Townsville.

Deemed a success, it was decided to rebuild 60 more at United Group's Townsville and Broadmeadow factories. The weight and dimensions of the 3100 class meant that they had to have components removed at the Jilalan Depot, Mackay before they could be moved by rail to Townsville. These components were used both for spare parts for the rest of the 3100/3200 class and to allow a reduction in weight to comply with mainline track restrictions. 

At Townsville, the locomotives were stripped down to the body shell with all internal components removed. The bodies were then sandblasted and any minor defects were repaired. They were rebuilt with only one cab, with the redundant cab enclosed with steel plating. 

Bodies were then transported by road to Broadmeadow for rebuilding. There are several major changes to the locomotives. These include now using AC traction motors, distributed power locotrol system instead of Locotrol II, increased weight and increased traction effort.

With the increased tractive effort, the number of locomotives on each train has decreased from five to three locomotives on the Goonyella network.

References

Aurizon electric locomotives
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1986
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
25 kV AC locomotives
Queensland Railways 3300/3400 class. The 3300/3400 class are a class of electric locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Kelso and Somerton for Queensland Rail in 1994-1995.

History
To provide more locomotives with the impending opening of the Ensham coal mine, Clyde Engineering were awarded a contract to build 13 3300/3400 class electric locomotives. This was later extended to 22. The 3300/3400 class was an evolution of the 3100/3200 class. All were originally to be assembled at Clyde's Kelso, New South Wales factory, however because of capacity constraints the final seven were completed at their Somerton, Victoria facility.

The first was delivered in February 1994, however problems with the cooling systems delayed their entry into service until October 1994. They were initially used on the Blackwater railway system operating with 3500/3600 class locomotives. In 1999 they were transferred to Jilalan Depot, Mackay.

All were fitted with Locotrol systems that allowed remote control locomotives in the centre of a train to be controlled from a command unit. Thus two separate classes were built, seven class 3300 command units that could lead trains, and 15 class 3400 slave units.

References

Aurizon electric locomotives
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
Clyde Engineering locomotives
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1994
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
25 kV AC locomotives
Queensland Railways 3500/3600 class. The 3500/3600 class are a class of electric locomotives built by Walkers Limited, Maryborough and ASEA for Queensland Rail between 1986 and 1988.

History
In July 1984, a joint venture of Clyde Engineering and Walkers Limited was awarded a contract to build 70 3500/3600 class electric locomotives with ASEA supplying the electrical equipment. These were ordered to operate coal trains on the Blackwater and Goonyella railway lines that were in the process of being electrified.

The bodies were built and assembled at Walkers's Maryborough factory with Clyde Engineering responsible for some of the electrical equipment and commissioning the locomotives.

The first locomotive, 3501 DF Lane, was delivered on 29 May 1986.

All were fitted with the Locotrol systems that allowed remote control locomotives in the centre of a train to be controlled from a command unit. Thus two classes were built: 19 class-3500 command units that could lead trains, and 31 class-3600 slave units. The bodies were manufactured with fluted stainless steel.

The original order was later increased to 80. Following the decision to electrify the North Coast line from Brisbane to Rockhampton, the last 30 were modified for passenger and general freight use, and delivered as the 3900 class.

References

 

Aurizon electric locomotives
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1986
Walkers Limited locomotives
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
25 kV AC locomotives
Queensland Railways 3900 class. The 3900 class are a class of electric locomotives built by Walkers Limited, Maryborough for Queensland Rail between 1988 and 1990.

History
In July 1984, a joint venture of Clyde Engineering and Walkers Limited was awarded a contract to build 70 3500/3600 class electric locomotives with ASEA supplying the electrical equipment. These were ordered to operate coal trains on the Blackwater and Goonyella railway lines that were in the process of being electrified. The contract was later extended to 80.

The bodies being built and assembled at Walkers's Maryborough factory with Clyde Engineering responsible for some of the electrical equipment and commissioning the locomotives.

Following the decision to electrify the North Coast line from Brisbane to Rockhampton, the last 30 were built to a modified design for passenger and general freight use, and delivered as the 3900 class. They received modified bodies to allow them to pass through Brisbane's tunnels and received higher gearing to allow them to operate at .

3550 class
With an increased need for locomotives on the Central Queensland coal lines, 19 were converted to 3550 class locomotives.

References

Aurizon electric locomotives
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1988
Walkers Limited locomotives
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
25 kV AC locomotives
Vadyar-class interceptor craft. The Vadyar-class interceptor crafts are a series of eight rigid collar high speed boats designed and supplied to the Indian Coast Guard in 1988 certified by the Indian Register of Shipping for patrolling off the Rameswaram coast in Southern India.

The hulls of each boat in the series have a length of 6.2 to 7.0 m with a beam of 2.1 m and draft of 0.45 m. With provision for light weaponry and a bulletproof screen for the coxswain, the all-up weight of craft is 2.4 tonnes and were initially powered by Simpson P6 354 120 BHP Diesel Engines after successful marinisation and thereafter fitted with two 40 HP on-board motors and has a range of 120 nautical miles.

The collar of each boat is constructed from closed-cell polyethylene foam contained in a heavy duty armoured polyvinyl covering. This makes puncturing a remote possibility. Even when the outer skin is damaged, the boat is still fully usable as the outer skin can be easily repaired by applying glued patches.

External links
Indian Coast Guard
Fast attack craft of the Indian Coast Guard
Patrol boat classes
Gunboat classes
Microsphere (disambiguation). A microsphere is a small spherical microparticle, with diameters typically ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm (1 mm).

Microsphere may also refer to:
 Microsphere (software company), a 1980s software company who made several critically acclaimed games for the ZX Spectrum

See also
Glass microsphere
Expandable microsphere
Microbead
Microbead (research)
Optical microsphere
IIAB meteorites. IIAB meteorites are a group of iron meteorites. Their structural classification ranges from hexahedrites to octahedrites. IIABs have the lowest concentration of nickel of all iron meteorite groups. Most iron meteorites are derived from the metallic planetary cores of their respective parent bodies, but in the case of the IIABs the metallic magma separated to form not only this meteorite group but also the IIG group.

Naming
Iron meteorite groups are designated with a Roman numeral and one or two letters. Classification is based on diagrams in which the nickel content of meteoric iron is plotted against certain trace elements (e.g. gallium, germanium and iridium). Clusters in these diagrams are assigned a row (Roman numeral) and a letter in alphabetical order. The first two cluster of the second row, IIA and IIB, were merged when additional measurements connected the two clusters into one, the IIAB group.

Description

All iron meteorites are made of a native metal called meteoric iron. The concentration of nickel has an influence on the mineralogy of the meteoric iron. During cooling kamacite is exsolved from taenite. The lower the concentration of nickel, the more kamacite is formed.
IIABs have some of the lowest nickel concentrations of all iron meteorites. They are in the range of 5.3 to 6.6%. For this reason they mostly consist of kamacite with minor amounts of taenite.
The two groups that were merged into the IIAB group had different nickel concentrations and therefore different structural classifications. The IIA group has lower nickel concentrations and forms hexahedrites, the IIB has higher nickel concentrations and forms octahedrites.

Parent body

The IIAB meteorites formed the metallic core of their parent body before it was destroyed, and some of the fragments reached earth as iron meteorites.

The planetary core of the IIABs was rich in sulfur and phosphorus. This special chemical composition caused the magma to split into two separate liquids while cooling. The concentration of sulfur is estimated to have been about 5%. For this reason the metallic magma reached the liquidus curve (a point where solids coexist with a liquid) of the iron + liquid field. This led to the crystallization of the IIAB meteorites. The remaining liquid was trapped in cavities of the IIABs and crystallized once the temperature reached the eutectic point. At this temperature the remaining magma crystallized schreibersite and iron, thereby forming the IIG meteorites.

Notable specimens
There are currently 117 meteorites classified as IIAB and 1 as IIAB-anomalous. Of these only three were observed falls.

Seven IIAB meteorites weigh more than 1000 kg. The Sikhote-Alin meteorite is the heaviest of these and was an observed fall, while the Old Woman meteorite is, at  and  originally, the largest meteorite found in California and the second largest found in the United States.

References
Bridge (sculpture). Bridge is a public art work by artist Peter Flanary. It is located on the Hank Aaron State Trail in the Menomonee Valley south of downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture was donated to the State of Wisconsin by the nonprofit Menomonee Valley Partners. The sculpture is located in Three Bridges Park near the bridge from Mitchell Park.

Description
Bridge is a series of 20 large glacial boulders selected and assembled into a sculptural installation. The stones are fitted together and secured with stainless steel pins and epoxy. The average diameter of each boulder is two feet. The artist intended for the fitting and pinning of the boulders to "represent the idea of connection."

References

Outdoor sculptures in Milwaukee
2012 sculptures
Stone sculptures in Wisconsin
2012 establishments in Wisconsin
Steel sculptures in Wisconsin
Austro Engine AE80R. The Austro Engine AE80R is an aircraft Wankel engine that was first run on 8 January 2013 and is under development by Austro Engine of Wiener Neustadt.

Design and development
Development of the AE80R started in 2010 based on the  Austro Engine AE50R. The AE80R is intended to power light-sport aircraft, ultralight aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

The AE80R incorporates dual FADEC-controllers, a lossless lubrication system to reduce oil consumption. It is intended to weigh  and produce .

The engine is described as being vibration free, a useful attribute in an engine used for UAVs that can carry sensitive equipment affected by in-flight vibrations.

Specifications (AE80R)

See also
List of aircraft engines

References

External links

Austro Engine aircraft engines
Aircraft Wankel engines
List of members of the National Academy of Engineering (Industrial, manufacturing, and operational systems). This list is a subsection of the List of members of the National Academy of Engineering, which includes over 2,000 current members of the United States National Academy of Engineering, each of whom is affiliated with one of 12 disciplinary sections. Each person's name, primary institution, and election year are given. This list does not include deceased members.

References

 

Industrial, manufacturing, and operational systems
List of members of the National Academy of Engineering (Special fields and interdisciplinary). This list is a subsection of the List of members of the National Academy of Engineering, which includes over 2,000 current members of the United States National Academy of Engineering, each of whom is affiliated with one of 12 disciplinary sections. Each person's name, primary institution, and election year are given. This list does not include deceased members.

Special Fields and Interdisciplinary Engineering

References

 

Special fields and interdisciplinary
Coleman Dupont Donaldson. Coleman Dupont Donaldson (September 22, 1922 – August 7, 2009) was a fluid physicist and aeronautical engineer who specialized in turbulent flow and computational fluid dynamics. He made broad contributions during his career in turbulent transport, supersonic flow, and armor.

In 1942 he received a bachelor's degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Afterwards he worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory. While serving in the Army Air Corps in 1945–1946 he was assigned to Bell Aircraft, where he worked on the development of the X-1 and X-2. Aftwards he worked at NACA again and completed his doctorate at Princeton under Luigi Crocco in 1957. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1979. He was a member of the Du Pont family and a grandson of T. Coleman du Pont.

References

External links
 Coleman Dupont Donaldson at National Academies Press

Coleman Dupont Donaldson
American aerospace engineers
1922 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Scientists from Philadelphia
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Engineers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American engineers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Victor Toma. Victor Toma (April 4, 1922 - November 26, 2008) was a Romanian engineer and scientist, known to be the creator of the first Romanian computer CIFA 1 in 1957 at the IFA - Institute of Atomic Physics. At the same institute he built CIFA 2, CIFA 3 CIFA 4 and CET 500 and at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1964 the computer VITOSHA similar with CIFA 3. Since 1968 to his retirement he was head of laboratory in the Institute of computer engineering ITC Bucharest. He was made an honorary member of the Romanian Academy in 1993.

References

1922 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Romanian engineers
Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
Burials at Bellu Cemetery
MECIPT. The Timişoara Polytechnic Institute Electronic Computer (Romanian: Mașina Electronică de Calcul Institutul Politehnic Timişoara), known as MECIPT, is the name used for a family of computers built from 1961 to 1968 at the Polytechnic University of Timișoara in Romania. 

MECIPT-1 was a first generation computer built by Iosif Kaufmann and Wilhelm Lowenfeld (1956–1962), a team joined in 1961 by Vasile Baltac. This was the second computer built in Romania after Victor Toma built the CIFA-1 in 1957, and the first in a Romanian university. MECIPT-2 (1962) and MECIPT-3 (1965) followed as second and third generation computer technology. 

Parts of MECIPT 1 and 2 were exhibited in the Museum of Banat. and are now in the UPT Museum In 2011, a 50th anniversary celebration was organized in Timişoara to recall the importance of the MECIPT computers to Romania.

References

Early computers
Barium cyanide. Barium cyanide is a chemical compound with the formula Ba(CN)2. It is synthesized by the reaction of hydrogen cyanide and barium hydroxide in water or petroleum ether. It is a white crystalline salt.

Uses
Barium cyanide is used in electroplating and other metallurgical processes.

Reactions
Barium cyanide reacts with water and carbon dioxide in air slowly, producing highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas.

When barium cyanide is heated to 300°C with steam present, the nitrogen evolves to ammonia, leaving barium formate.
Ba(CN)2 + 4 H2O = Ba(HCOO)2 + 2 NH3

Aqueous solutions of barium cyanide dissolve insoluble cyanides of some of the heavy metals forming crystalline double salts. For example,  BaHg(CN)4.3H2O in needles, 2Ba(CN)2.3Hg(CN)2.23H2O in transparent octahedra, and Ba(CN)2.Hg(CN)2.HgI2.6H2O.

References

Barium compounds
Cyanides
Iberpac. Iberpac (or Red UNO) was the Spanish packet switched X.25 public data network. It was operated by Telefónica España, the incumbent Spanish telecommunications operator. Iberpac lents its name to Iberpac Plus and Iberpac Básico, the latest X.25 services in Spain.

History

Red Especial de Transmisión de Datos
Iberpac evolved from the Spanish Red Especial de Transmisión de Datos (RETD), the world's first public data network. Created in 1971, RETD was based on general-purpose Univac 418 III computers. The original Red Secundaria de Alto Nivel (RSAN) protocols for RETD were custom-developed by Telefónica (then CTNE) under ARPANET design principles.

Project TESYS
By 1978, project TESYS (Telefónica, SECOINSA, SITRE) started the development of specific-purpose switching nodes. Some of the design principles of TESYS nodes were advanced for their time (multithreading, token passing protocols). In contrast, the large user base with terminals based on legacy RSAN protocols slowed the adoption of X.25, TESYS product development and support were targeted to CTNE only (thus precluding the spread of TESYS to international markets) and data lines in Spain became slow for their time (only 2% lines above 1200 bit/s in Spain in 1982, compare 89% in West Germany).

Iberpac and Red UNO X.25
Renamed as IBERPAC, the network evolved to X.25 in the 1980s, and it was renamed again as 'Red UNO' in the 1990s. Bank branches and financial services conformed the main user base. IBERPAC enabled new videotex and teletext services, although the adoption lagged far behind the popularity of similar services in other countries, such as the French Minitel. Services based on legacy RSAN protocols were definitely scrapped in 1996.

Use
Until December 31, 2015, Red UNO supported two legacy X.25 services: flat-rate Iberpac Plus and pay-per-use Iberpac Básico. Iberpac services were targeted to corporate customers with specific reliability demands.

References

 Jorge Infante, El desarrollo de la red pública de datos en España, Revista BIT del Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, nº 136, 2002. (In Spanish)

External links
Description of Iberpac Plus (in Spanish)

Wide area networks
X.25
Pilatus PC-8D Twin Porter. The Pilatus PC-8D Twin Porter was a Swiss ten-seat light transport built by Pilatus Aircraft. The type did not go into production and only one was built.

Work on the Twin Porter started in 1966, it was a modified Pilatus PC-6 high-wing monoplane with the nose-mounted engine removed and two 290 hp Lycoming IO-540-GIB engines mounted on the wing leading edges. The prototype first flew on 28 November 1967. Only one aircraft was built as flight testing was halted in 1969.

Specifications

See also

References 

 

PC-8
1960s Swiss civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1967
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
STOL aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. The Journal of Colloid and Interface Science  is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers research related to colloid and interface science with a particular focus on colloidal materials and nanomaterials; surfactants and soft matter; adsorption, catalysis and electrochemistry; interfacial processes, capillarity and wetting; biomaterials and nanomedicine; and novel phenomena and techniques. The editor-in-chief is Martin Malmsten (Uppsala University). The journal was established in 1946 as Journal of Colloid Science. It obtained its current name in 1966.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 Impact Factor of 9.965, ranking it 32nd out of 162 journals in the category "Chemistry, Physical".

See also
 Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
 Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
 Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
 Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science
 Progress in Polymer Science

References

External links 
 

Chemistry journals
Materials science journals
English-language journals
Elsevier academic journals
Biweekly journals
Academic journals established in 1946
Jomar Brun. Jomar Brun MBE (18 June 1904 – 26 August 1993) was a Norwegian chemical engineer.

Career
Brun graduated from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1926, and worked for Norsk Hydro from 1929. He was central in the planning and running of the world's first industrial heavy water plant at Norsk Hydro Rjukan. During World War II he was called to London, and contributed to the planning phase of Operation Freshman and Operation Gunnerside, the heavy water sabotage at Vemork. He was decorated with the Order of the British Empire, and Officer of the French Legion of Honour. From 1951 he was appointed professor of electrochemistry at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim.

Personal life
Brun was born in Trondheim on 18 June 1904, to Lorentz H. Brun and Ingrid Lysholm. He married Tomy Johanne Svingjom in 1941.

References

1904 births
1993 deaths
Scientists from Trondheim
Engineers from Trondheim
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Norwegian Institute of Technology
Norwegian resistance members
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Legion of Honour