omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BMW FIZ. The BMW Group Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum (BMW FIZ) is the main engineering and development campus of the BMW Group. It is located in Milbertshofen-Am Hart, a district in northern Munich.

About 20,000 engineers and workers develop cars as well as motorcycles on a 500,000 m2 area spread out across several areas and buildings.

Since October 2017, the BMW FIZ was extended by the BMW Autonomous Driving Campus, located in Unterschleißheim about 13 km north of the main FIZ campus. There, BMW intends to colocate all BMW engineers working on autonomous driving capabilities in the cooperation with Intel.

References

External links 

BMW
Milbertshofen-Am Hart
Research institutes in Munich
Jon Snoddy. Jon Snoddy is an American technology expert who is currently the Advanced Development Studio Executive SVP at Walt Disney Imagineering. He was the co-founder of Big Stage Entertainment and has served as director,  CTO, CCO and CTO in various technology/media firms.

Education
Snoddy holds a BA in Journalism from University of South Carolina (1979). He also holds an AS in Electronics engineering from Piedmont Institute of Technology, Greenwood, South Carolina.

Career
Snoddy served as the recording engineer, technical production, at National Public Radio (NPR) from January 1982 until March 1984. While working with NPR, he served as the technical director for the program "All Things Considered". He was also the technical director for US 1984 Election coverage and technical director 1984 Winter Olympics.

Between March 1984 and March 1987, Snoddy served as the project director at Lucasfilm Ltd. From 1987 to 1995, he was the director, Senior Concept Designer at Disney. Between 1987 and 1996, he served as the Senior Show Designer Walt Disney Imagineering. From March 1987 to December 1996, he served as  the director, Senior Concept Designer Walt Disney Imagineering.

In 1996, Snoddy co-founded Sega GameWorks LLC alongside Steven Spielberg and Skip Paul. From 1996 to 2001, Snoddy served as the chief creative officer at GameWorks. In 2002, Snoddy and Steven Spielberg co-founded MyTelescope.com; an internet astronomy startup. From January 2003 until February 2007, he was the  CCO/CTO TimePlay Entertainment. Between October 2009 and April 2014 he was the Vice President of R&D at Walt Disney Imagineering.

In 2007, Snoddy co-founded Big Stage Entertainment alongside Jonathan I. Strietzel and Jon Kraft. He also served as the CTO of the company from January 2007 to July 2009. In May 2015, Snoddy became the Advanced Development Studio Executive SVP at Walt Disney Imagineering.

References

Living people
American chief technology officers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pendulum appliance. Pendulum is an orthodontic appliance, developed by James J. Hilgers in 1992, that use forces to distalize the upper 1st molars to create space for eruption of impacted teeth or allowing correction of Class 2 malocclusion. This appliance is a fixed type of distalizing appliance that does not depend on the compliance of each patient to work. Hilgers published an article in Journal of Clinical Orthodontics in 1992 describing the appliance.

Management
The initial design of the appliance used the occlusal rests which were bonded to the premolars for retention. However, premolars can also be banded for the retention purposes. Pre-activation of the appliance mandates bending of the TMA springs 90 degrees or parallel to the midline of the palate. Then once the appliance is in the mouth, the springs are inserted into the lingual sheaths of the molar bands to allow the force distally and medially. The patient then presents every 3 weeks for the re-adjustment of the springs.

As the molar moves distally, forces of the spring cause the molar to move in an arc towards the middle of the palate. Therefore, this can lead to crossbite in the posterior teeth. In order to avoid this side-effect, the adjustment loops are opened to counteract this medial movement of 1st molars.

Treatment effects 
A study published by Ghosh et al. in 1996 stated that the mean maxillary first molar distalization was 3.37 mm, with a distal tipping of 8.36° and the mean reciprocal mesial movement of the first premolar was 2.55 mm, with a mesial tipping of 1.29°. They also stated that the eruption of maxillary second molars had minimal effect on distalization of first molars. In addition, the reported increase of Lower Anterior Facial Height for patient's who had pre-existing vertical growth. They concluded that the pendulum appliance was an effective and reliable method for distalizing maxillary molars. Another study done by Bussick et al. looked at effects of pendulum appliance on 101 patients. These authors reported a slight higher distalization of maxillary first molar by 5.7 mm and a distal tipping of 10.6°. The also reported anchorage loss when the anterior teeth moved mesially by the 1.8-mm anterior movement of the upper first premolars, with a mesial tipping of 1.5°. Both the abovementioned studies, observed slight maxillary first molars intruded and slight first premolars extrusion. This study also saw increase of lower anterior facial height by 2.2 mm but they found no significant difference in lower anterior facial height increase between patients of high, neutral, or low mandibular plane angles.

Components
 Nancy Acrylic Button
 TMA Springs (0.032 in) 
 Wire component includes closed helix, small horizontal loop and a wire connecting to bands on 1st molar and 2nd premolar.

Pendex
Pendex is an appliance, similar to Pendulum, which is known to correct the transverse deficiency of maxillary teeth in addition to distalizing the upper molars. This appliance includes the expansion screw.

References

Orthodontics
USCGC Rollin Fritch. USCGC Rollin Fritch is the US Coast Guard's 19th , and the first to be homeported outside of the Caribbean. She is based at the Coast Guard Training Center in Cape May, New Jersey.

Like her sister ships she was built in the Bollinger Shipyards, in Lockport, Louisiana.  She was delivered for her sea trials on August 23, 2016, and commissioned on November 19, 2016.

Design

Rollin Fritch, like her sister Sentinel-class cutters, is designed with an endurance of five days, and .  She is armed with a 25 mm autocannon, gyro-stabilized, and fired from a sensor equipped remote weapons station on the bridge, supplemented by four crew-served M2 Browning machine guns. Her maximum speed is in excess of .

She carries a waterjet-propelled high-speed pursuit boat, deployed and retrieved via a stern launching ramp.  The ramp allows the pursuit boat to be deployed and retrieved without bringing the cutter to a stop.

Operational duty

Rollin Fritch, like her sister ships, is designed for search and rescue, and the interception of smugglers. Her high-speed waterjet-propelled pursuit boat, launched from her stern launching ramp, make her a potent weapon for the interception of smugglers.

Homeported in Cape May

The homeport of Rollin Fritch and her sister ship,  is the Coast Guard Training Center in Cape May. According to the Cape May County Herald local citizens welcome the Coast Guard presence, and its contribution to the local economy.

Namesake

In 2010, Charles "Skip" W. Bowen, who was then the United States Coast Guard's most senior non-commissioned officer, proposed that all 58 cutters in the Sentinel class should be named after enlisted sailors in the Coast Guard, or one of its precursor services, who were recognized for their heroism.  In 2014 the Coast Guard announced that Rollin A. Fritch, a Coast Guard seaman who earned a posthumous Silver Star for his service on the transport  during World War II, would be the namesake of the 19th cutter.  Fritch served as a gunner who was seen bravely firing his anti-aircraft gun at a kamikaze aircraft right up until it struck the bridge where his gun was sited.

References

Sentinel-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
2016 ships
Ships built in Lockport, Louisiana
Baylander (IX-514). Baylander (IX-514), ex-YFU-79, was a United States Navy Helicopter Landing Trainer (HLT), billed as the world's smallest aircraft carrier. It served as a practice landing site for helicopter pilots in the United States Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and National Guard.

History
The ship entered operations with the United States Navy in 1968 as harbor utility craft YFU-79 and served in the Vietnam War; from mid-1970 it served with the United States Army. At the end of the war YFU-79 was withdrawn to Guam. In the mid-1980s it was returned to the Navy and converted to a Helicopter Landing Trainer by Bender Shipbuilding in Mobile, Alabama, entering service on 31 March 1986 at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. By August 2006, she had achieved 100,000 accident-free helicopter landings, and by the time of her retirement had surpassed 120,000 landings. After being taken out of service and struck from the Naval Register in 2011, Baylander was sold into private hands instead of being scrapped. In 2014, it was moved to the Brooklyn Bridge Park Marina in New York City and opened as a museum ship. By mid-2016, the vessel had been relocated to the West Harlem Piers on the Hudson River. , the Baylander serves as a restaurant and bar.

Specifications
Baylander was built as Yard No. 238 by Pacific Coast Engineering (PACECO) of Alameda, California. It is  long, has a beam of , and displaces  at full load. Its helicopter deck was the same size as that of a .

Awards
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References

External links

 
 Homepage of The Baylander Steel Beach

1968 ships
Ships built in California
Helicopter carriers
Unclassified miscellaneous vessels of the United States Navy
Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States
Aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
Training ships of the United States Navy
Advanced automation functions. In automation production technology the actions performed by an automated process are executed by a program of instructions which is run during a work cycle. To execute work cycle programs, an automated system should be available to execute these  advanced functions.

Safety monitoring
If there is a need for workers in an automated system, a safety monitoring is required for the occupational safety and health of the workers. In a safety monitoring various steps can take place including a complete stop of the system, sounding an alarm or reducing the operating speed. Usually, limiting switches are sensors like temperature probes, heat and smoke detectors or pressure sensitive floor pads.

Maintenance and repair diagnostics
There are three modes of operations which are used in a cycle of maintenance and repair diagnostics: status monitoring, failure diagnostics and recommendation of the repair procedure. In the status monitoring mode, the current system status is displayed. The failure diagnostics mode takes place when a failure occurs. The system will then suggest an adequate repair procedure to a team of experts.

Error detection and recovery
The error detection mode is a step to determine if and when a failure occurs in automated system. The possible errors can be divided into three categories. random errors, systematic errors and aberrations. While in the  error recovery mode, remedy actions take place for all detected errors.

References

Boucher, T.O., Computer Automation in Manufacturing, Chapman & Hall, London, 1996

&
Olof Faxander. Olof Bertil Faxander, born 19 May 1970 in New Jersey, USA, and grew up in Stockholm Sweden, is an international businessman.

Biography

Faxander graduated from the Royal Institute of Technology with a master's degree in Materials Science in 1996. He also holds a business degree from Stockholm University. Faxander has held leading positions at Outokumpu, AvestaPolarit and Avesta Sheffield.

During the years 2006 to 2011 was the CEO of the Swedish specialty steel company SSAB. During Faxander's time as CEO the company expanded heavily and acquired the Canadian steel company IPSCO which transformed the company from being a local Swedish steel producer into a global player in the specialty steel sector.

In 2011 Faxander was appointed CEO of the Industrial group Sandvik. His years at Sandvik were characterised by a significant development and modernisation work. Faxander was succeeded by Björn Rosengren in 2015.

Nordic Capital recruited Faxander in January 2016, where he currently works as an Operating Partner with responsibility to drive development in the portfolio companies during the ownership period.

In 2010 Faxander was named Leader of the Year by Swedish business weekly Affärsvärlden based on his achievements as CEO of SSAB. Faxander has also been recognised for his leadership skills by a high ranking in leadership magazine Chef's leader review.

In 2012 Faxander as Chairman of the Board lead the merger of four Swedish employer federations into one, Industriarbetsgivarna, and acted as Chairman during the subsequent national collective bargaining process in 2012.

References

1970 births
Living people
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Stockholm University alumni
Swedish chief executives
IBM System/360 Model 75. The IBM System/360 Model 75 is a discontinued high end/high performance system that was introduced on April 22, 1965. Although it played many roles in IBM's System/360 lineup, it accounted for a small fraction of a percent of the 360 systems sold. Five Model 75 computers housed at NASA's Real Time Computer Complex were used during the Apollo program.

Models

Three models, the H75, I75, and J75, were respectively configured with one, two, or four IBM 2365 Model 3 Processor Storage units, each of which provided 262,144 (256K) bytes of core memory, so that the H75 had 262,144 (256K) bytes of core, the I75 had 524,288 (512K), and the J75 1,048,576 (1 MB).

Performance
The high performance of the Model 75 was attributed to half a dozen advanced features, including Parallel arithmetic, Overlapped memory fetch, and Parallel addition for address calculation.

Furthermore, independent storage sections provided two-way (H75) or four-way (I75, J75) interleaving of memory access. Even with only two-way interleaving, "an effective sequential access rate of 400 nanoseconds per double word (eight bytes) is possible".

Features
The Model 75 implements the complete System/360 "universal instruction set" architecture, including floating-point, decimal, and character operations as standard features.

References

External links
 
 

System 360 Model 75
Computer-related introductions in 1965
ACCO appliance. ACCO or Acrylic Cervical Occipital Anchorage  is an appliance in field of orthodontics which is used for molar distalization of maxillary molars. This appliance is a removable type of appliance which was developed by Herbert I. Margolis. This appliance is intended to be worn 24 hours a day except during meals. It is one of the few removable appliances made for distalization of molars and thus require patient compliance for the treatment to be successful.

Components
 Palatal Acrylic with bite plate 
 Modified Adams clasps on first premolars
 Labial bow across incisors 
 Finger springs against first molars

In this appliance, the fingers springs are the main component which act against the 1st molars to move them distally. These springs apply about 100 to 125g of force to the molars after they are activated posteriorly. The original appliance developed by Margolis included helices next to the laterals and canines for a straight pull or Northwest headgear tubes to be inserted. This appliance is specifically indicated for adolescents or pre-adolescents patients who are in mixed dentition and are very compliant.

Management of appliance includes measuring overjet every appointment to measure the anchorage loss of the appliance.

Advantages
 Patient friendly
 Continuous forces to the teeth 
 Possible asymmetric distalization of the molars

Disadvantages
 Tipping of molar teeth (instead of translation)
 Loss of anchorage where the overjet increases

Recommendation
Dietz et al. recommended that to avoid tipping of molar teeth, a high pull headgear can be used in conjunction with this appliance. As the ACCO appliance will move the crown of molar distally, headgear will act to move the molar roots distally. In order to avoid loss of anchorage, they also recommended to achieve "overcorrection" of the molar distalization by 2mm or more. Anchorage loss occurs as anterior teeth move mesially, shown by 2mm increase in overjet and also 1st molars moving mesially. The authors also stated that presence of 2nd molars can exacerbate the loss of anchorage. Therefore, addition of finger springs can be added to the 2nd molars to move them distally also.

See also
 List of Orthodontic Functional Appliances
 List of palatal expanders
 Pendulum appliance

References

External links
Appliance Repair

Orthodontic appliances
Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards is a well-established source of information on chemical safety, often known by its author’s name, and often cited in the chemical and chemical engineering literature. In recent editions it has been in two volumes, volume 1 being individual compounds and hazardous reactions, volume 2 being groups and other information relevant to reactive chemical hazards, arranged by topic.

History
In 1964, research chemist Leslie Bretherick read of a violent explosion in a laboratory, and knew that the same journal had reported a similar incident with the same chemicals 16 years earlier. Realising that there was no central source of literature on dangerous chemical reactions, he set out to create one, combing through the literature in his spare time.  In 1971 his employers (BP) allowed him to do this in half his work time and a book was published in 1975 entitled Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards.  The work involved creating what was effectively a database on paper of substances and literature references, arranged by empirical formula, and converting this into a book.
This was well received as “an invaluable reference work”  One reviewer wrote ““Bretherick” (the name under which this book must surely become known)”.  A revised second edition followed in 1979, with a reviewer stating “that “Bretherick” is an essential first reference” As well as corrections and additional reactions, this contained a new section dealing with groups of compounds and some other matters.
A third edition followed in 1985, Bretherick having retired in 1982 in order to work full-time on the project.
In the preface to the 4th edition (1989) he announced that his eyesight was failing.  As a result, he did not contribute new material to further editions, which was done by others. The 5th edition (1995) was edited by Peter G. Urben and as the book was larger, was split into two volumes.  
Leslie Bretherick died in April 2003
The 6th edition (1999), the 7th edition (2007) and the 8th edition (2017) were also edited by Urben.

Electronic versions

A version of the 4th edition was also made available on floppy disks in the form of a database, allowing searches for hazard by class or topic and also partial name.  Subsequent editions were supported by an equivalent on CD-ROM.  The difficulties of converting the book into a database have been described.

References

Further reading

Hazard analysis
Chemistry reference works
Echoborg. An echoborg is a person whose words and actions are determined, in whole or in part, by an artificial intelligence (AI).

The term "echoborg" was coined by social psychologists Kevin Corti and Alex Gillespie, whose research at the London School of Economics explored unscripted face-to-face social encounters between research participants and confederates whose words were covertly supplied by rudimentary AIs known as “chat bots" and vocalized via speech shadowing. The idea is derivative of the cyranoid concept that originated with Stanley Milgram.

The “echoborg method” allows one to investigate how people behave and make attributions toward an AI (or more precisely, a human-AI “hybrid”) when their psychological state is fully primed for human-human interaction. Other forms of human-AI interaction (e.g., computer-mediated conversation) involve a machine interface, anthropomorphic analog, or a virtual reality layer through which a person communicates with an AI, and these forms of mediation fundamentally alter the intersubjective relationship between the human and artificial agents party to an interaction.

The echoborg concept has been explored in performance art as commentary on the increasing ubiquitousness of AI and its contribution to human culture, as well as people's dependency on various types of AI (e.g., GPS navigation systems) for carrying out mundane social tasks.

See also
 Cyranoid
 Milgram experiment

References

Group processes
Psychology experiments
Trekking sarl. Trekking sarl is a French aircraft manufacturer based in Lambesc. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders and paramotor wings in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft. The company also produces four-wheel drive truck tents and travel luggage, as well as photo and video accessories.

The company was founded in 1976 by Axel de Neufville in Marseilles. It is organized as a société à responsabilité limitée (sarl), a French private limited company.

Divisions
Trekking Parapentes is the division that constructs paragliders and paramotoring wings and is based in Saint-Mathieu-de-Tréviers, although it was originally in Lambesc.

The division that makes travel luggage, money belts and accessories is based in Lambesc.

The division that makes truck-top tents for four-wheel drive trucks is based in Saint-Cannat.

Aircraft 
Summary of aircraft built by Trekking:
Trekking B-Bus
Trekking Carver
Trekking Elise
Trekking Just One
Trekking K2
Trekking Sebring
Trekking Senso
Trekking Sport
Trekking Trek
Trekking Xenos

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of France
Paragliders
Manufacturing companies established in 1976
French companies established in 1976
French brands
Companies based in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur