omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Henry Harrison Benyaurd. William Henry Harrison Benyaurd (May 17, 1841 – February 7, 1900) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War who earned the Medal of Honor for his actions at Five Forks, Virginia on April 1, 1865.

Military career
Benyaurd graduated sixth in his class at West Point in 1863. Upon graduation he was immediately promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers.

In August 1864 he was breveted to the rank of captain for "gallantry and meritorious service" in the campaign before Richmond, Virginia. In April 1865, he received a brevet to major for heroism in the Battle of Five Forks. He was awarded the Medal of Honor on September 7, 1897 for the same action.

From 1866 to 1869, Benyaurd served as an assistant professor at West Point. In 1874, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him to a special five-man commission to develop a reclamation plan for the Mississippi River Valley. Benyaurd served as a commissioner intensively studying the waterway until 1879, when Congress created the current Mississippi River Commission. He was then assigned to waterway maintenance on the tributaries to the lower Mississippi River, which included an ongoing effort to clear snags caused by vessels which sank there during or after the Civil War.

He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1889. During the Spanish–American War he was in charge of submarine defenses (i.e., mines) at Jacksonville and Tampa Bay, Florida. He was also in command of defensive fortification on the St. John River in Florida.

He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the Military Order of Foreign Wars.

Legacy
The United States Army Corps Of Engineers operates a large towboat named in his honor. The Motor Vessel (M/V) Benyaurd works out of the Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Valley Division in Vicksburg, Mississippi, as is assigned to the Corps' Vicksburg District.

Promotions
 1st Lieutenant – June 11, 1863
 Brevet Captain – August 1, 1864
 Brevet Major – April 1, 1865
 Captain – May 1, 1866
 Major – March 4, 1879
 Lieutenant Colonel – July 2, 1889

Medal of Honor citation
"With one companion, voluntarily advanced in a reconnaissance beyond the skirmishers, where he was exposed to imminent peril; also, in the same battle, rode to the front with the commanding general to encourage wavering troops to resume the advance, which they did successfully."

References

1841 births
1900 deaths
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Philadelphia
Union army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
United States Military Academy faculty
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Burials at West Point Cemetery
Resist (disambiguation). A resist is something that is added to parts of an object to create a pattern by protecting these parts from being affected by a subsequent stage in the manufacturing process.

Resist may also refer to:

 Resist dyeing, applied to textiles
 Photoresist (often just referred to as "resist") applied to photolithography
 Resist (semiconductor fabrication), applied to semiconductor fabrication

Music
 Resist (Kosheen album), or the title song
Resist (Midnight Oil album), 2022
Resist (Within Temptation album)
Kuʻe, translated Resist, album by Sudden Rush
 "Resist", a song by As Blood Runs Black from the album Instinct
 "Resist", a song by Front Line Assembly from the album Caustic Grip
 "Resist", a song by Grief of War from the album A Mounting Crisis...As Their Fury Got Released
 "Resist", a song by M.O.D. from the album Devolution
 "Resist", a song by Red Harvest from the album There's Beauty in the Purity of Sadness
 "Resist", a song by Rush from the album Test for Echo
 "Resist", a song by Armageddon Dildos
 "Resist", a song by Levitation
 Resist Records, label
 Resist Music, label related to React Music Limited

Organizations
 RESIST (electoral list), which contested the 2003 Belgian general election
 RESIST (non-profit), based in Somerville, Massachusetts, United States
 Resist, The Resistance Movement, The Resist Festival, Resistance TV, a network of left-wing groups launched by politician Chris Williamson in the UK in 2019.

Other uses
 "Resist" (Supergirl), an episode of the television series Supergirl
 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, a set of rules for evaluating responses in cancer treatment
 The Resistance (American political movement), a predominantly left-wing movement that protests Donald Trump's presidency

See also
 "Refuse/Resist", song by Sepultura from the album Chaos A.D.
 Resistance (disambiguation)
 Resistor
Phan Nguyên Hồng. Phan Nguyên Hồng (Đức Thọ, 1935) is a Vietnamese academic who is a leading authority on the mangrove ecosystem in Asia, and was awarded the 2008 International Cosmos Prize in recognition of his work.

Hồng has been involved in comprehensive scientific research in Vietnam, where war and overdevelopment have had a devastating impact on its mangrove ecosystem. He has made a major contribution to the restoration of the mangrove forests. The Can Gio district, in particular, is an unprecedented example of the successful restoration and conservation of a mangrove forest.

Education and career
Education
1956    B.Sc., Hanoi Pedagogic University
1964    M.Sc. in Ecology, HUE
1970    PhD, Hanoi University of Education
Employment
1980－1991    Associate Professor of Hanoi University of Education
1991－2007    Professor of HNUE
1987－1994    Director of the Mangrove Ecosystem Research Centre (MERC),Hanoi University of Education (HUE)
1995－2002    Vice Director, Centre for Natural Resources & Environmental Studies (CRES), Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU)
2003－2007    Director of the Mangrove Ecosystem Research Centre (MERC),Hanoi University of
Education (HUE)

Honors
1997   People Teacher Title by the President of Vietnam
2000    Labour Award (1st level) rewarded by the President and Prime Minister of S.R. Vietnam
2005    Environment Prize rewarded by Ministry of Natural Resources 　&Environment.
Publications
1993    The Mangroves of Vietnam
2000    Ecological study of mangrove forest in Can Gio, Ho Chi Minh C City, Vietnam
2002    Mangrove Ecosystem in the Red River Coastal Zone –Biodiversity, Ecology, Socio-Economics, Management and Education
2006    The role of mangroves and coral reef ecosystems in natural 　　disaster mitigation and coastal life improvement

References

External links
Hanoi National University of Education 

Vietnamese academics
1935 births
Living people
Vietnamese biologists
People from Hà Tĩnh province
List of power stations in Oregon. This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Oregon, sorted by type and name. In 2022, Oregon had a total summer capacity of 17,243 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 61,317 GWh. In 2023, the electrical energy generation mix was 42.1% hydroelectric, 38.1% natural gas, 14.7% wind, 3.2% solar, 1.6% biomass, and 0.4% geothermal. Small-scale solar, including customer-owned photovoltaic panels, delivered an additional net 515 GWh to the state's electrical grid in 2023. This compares as less than one-third of the amount generated by Oregon's utility-scale photovoltaic plants.

During 2019, Oregon was one of the top five U.S. states in its share of renewable electricity generation.  It was the second largest generator of hydroelectric power after the state of Washington. Oregon ranks third in the nation behind California and Nevada for its geothermal generation potential.

Nuclear power stations
The Trojan Nuclear Power Plant generated 1,095 MW of electricity during the years 1976 to 1992.  Decommissioning and removal of the nuclear components was completed in 2006.  Oregon had no utility-scale plants that used fissile material as a fuel in 2019.

Fossil-fuel power stations
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Natural gas

Renewable power stations
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

See also the Oregon Department of Energy's Renewable Energy Resources page.

Hydroelectric

Wind

Biomass

Geothermal

Solar

Former facilities

See also 

Energy in Oregon
Pacific DC Intertie
Celilo Converter Station
Path 15
Lists of Oregon-related topics

References

 
Lists of buildings and structures in Oregon
Oregon
Vadim Antonov. Vadim Antonov () born May 25, 1965, is a Russian-American software engineer and entrepreneur.  He is known for his work on operating systems, Internet backbone networks, network router hardware, computer security, and data warehouses.  He is also known for his role in organizing civil resistance to 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt notable for pioneering the use of Internet to effect the political change.

Soviet coup d'etat attempt
During 1991 Soviet hardline Communist coup d'état attempt Vadim Antonov and his colleagues at RELCOM used their network facilities to gather and disseminate independent information about the current situation in the country, thus undermining the censorship in mass media ordered by the coup plotters. As a co-founder of RELCOM, Vadim Antonov was well known to the users of the network, which gave him credibility to act as the moderator for the stream of situation reports during the crisis; he anonymized the reports to protect the sources in case if the coup succeeded.  In an interview to PBS Mr. Antonov explained that providing the alternative to the official narrative was necessary to discourage the regional government officials from joining the coup leaders.

References

1965 births
Living people
Russian computer programmers
Russian activists
People of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
Internet in Russia
Edward Skoyles. Edward Skoyles (14 March 1923 – 30 July 2008) was the first quantity surveyor employed in the UK to research costs and practices in the construction industry. He did his research from 1960 until 1984 at the Building Research Establishment. Among his research projects was developing a new type of tendering for construction projects called operational bills. He also started the study of the actual amount of waste in the construction industry, and investigated the varying methods of cost estimation practices used in different countries. His contributions are still widely discussed in the academic literature particularly upon operational bills, and building waste

Operational bills 
Tendering in the UK construction industry is traditionally based upon Bills of quantities in which the estimation of costs is based on the combined cost of materials, building plant and labour in the completed works.  Edward Skoyles proposed a new form of tendering, operational bills in which such tendering was based around building tasks. This allowed for the separate costing of materials, plant and labour. This offered several advantages including a more accurate ability to cost a proposed project, better communication between design and production and ease in creating critical-path analysis for the contractor. A refinement of this was "bills of quantities (operations)” in which the operations are described in terms of the rules of the standard method of measurement rather than labour and materials. Priced-activity schedules of the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract are a modern descendant of operational bills.

Building waste 

Traditionally, the estimates for normal waste on construction sites has been 2.5-5%, however, empirical observational research done by Skoyles on 280 sites found that this underestimated it by roughly half—equivalent annually to the materials needed to build a town the size of Colchester. Further considerable variability existed between sites suggesting an opportunity for improvement. This work led to allowances for materials waste to be more accurately allowed for in cost estimates. As Fellows and coauthors note his work was important since: "It is interesting to postulate the possible consequences of an estimate including only one-half of the requisite materials wastage allowance, especially during a period of slump, when small profit margins prevail … anticipated profit [of 2%] is almost entirely eroded". Further, this research highlighted the need for improved education in site practices: "In the constructions industry, Skoyles was the first to recognize that the problem of material wastage was more dependent upon the attitudes and behavioral tendencies of individuals involved than upon the technical processes employed".

Footnotes

1923 births
2008 deaths
Alumni of London South Bank University
Alumni of the University of Westminster
British Army personnel of World War II
British civil servants
Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm
English surveyors
People from Harrow, London
Quantity surveyors
Software of unknown pedigree. Software of unknown pedigree (SOUP) is software that was developed with a unknown process or methodology, or which has unknown or no safety-related properties. In the medical device development standard IEC 62304, SOUP expands to software of unknown provenance, and in some contexts uncertain  is used instead of unknown, but any combination of unknown/uncertain and provenance/pedigree refer to the same concept; all with the same abbreviation.

The term SOUP is often used in the context of safety-critical and high integrity systems such as medical software  especially in a medical device.

A risk that SOUP poses is that it cannot be relied upon to perform safety-related functions, and it may prevent other software, hardware or firmware from performing their safety-related functions. Addressing the risk involves insulating the safety-involved parts of a system from potentially undesirable effects caused by the SOUP.

Rather than prohibiting SOUP, additional controls are often imposed to mitigate risk. Practices may include static program analysis and review of the vendor's development process, design artifacts, and safety guidance.

References

Further reading 
 

Safety engineering
Richardsons Westgarth & Company. Richardsons Westgarth & Company was a leading British shipbuilding and marine engineering business. The Company was based in Hartlepool and was a major employer in the area.

History
The company was established in 1832 by Thomas Richardson as a marine engineering concern based in Hartlepool under the name of T. Richardson & Sons. In 1900 it merged with Sir C. Furness Westgarth and Company of Middlesbrough and William Allan and Company of Sunderland to form Richardsons Westgarth. As part of the merger Furness Withy, a shipping business, took a controlling interest in the company.

From 1840 to 1857, products included steam locomotives. The Company was at the forefront of the development of steam engines and diesel engines for large ships throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It built engines for many ships including . In 1927, the company began manufacturing Brown Boveri designed turbo-alternators under licence. It acquired the firm of George Clark in Sunderland in 1938. In 1962 its marine activities were merged with that of Weir Group and it began focussing on engineering for power stations such as Trawsfynydd and Dungeness B. It ceased operations in Hartlepool in 1982.

The Company then diversified into steel processing and was acquired by Klöckner, one of the world's largest steel stockholders, in 2000.

References

Further reading
 A History of Thomas Richardson & Sons and Richardsons Westgarth 1832-1994, Printability Publishing, 1994, 

Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1832
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies based in County Durham
Potting and stamping. Potting and stamping is a modern name for one of the 18th-century processes for refining pig iron without the use of charcoal.

Inventors
The process was devised by Charles Wood of Lowmill, Egremont in Cumberland and his brother John Wood of Wednesbury and patented by them in 1761 and 1763. The process was improved by John Wright and Joseph Jesson of West Bromwich, who also obtained a patent.

Process
The process involved the melting of pig iron in an oxidising atmosphere.  The metal was then allowed to cool, broken up by stamping, and washed.  The granulated iron was then heated in pots in a reverberatory furnace.  The resultant bloom was then drawn out under a forge hammer in the usual way.

Adoption
During the 14-year term of the patents, the process was little used except by the inventors. However, from c.1785, shortly before Wright & Jesson's process came out of patent, it seems to have been adopted by many ironmasters in the West Midlands. Professor Charles Hyde argues that the potting and stamping process was largely responsible for a 70% rise in wrought iron production from 1750 to 1788.

Ultimately, the process was replaced by puddling, though it remains unclear how quickly.

References

Steelmaking
Boeing Model 6D. The Boeing Model 6D, a.k.a. Boeing Model 6E, Boeing B-1D and Boeing B-1E, was an American pusher biplane flying-boat built by Boeing between 1928 and 1929.

Development and design

The Model 6D continued the designation series of the 1919 Boeing Model 6 but the only similarity was that they are both biplane pusher flying-boats. The 6D was designed in 1928 and 2 aircraft were built between May 1928 and April 1929. The 6Ds rectangular hull was constructed of wood with wood longerons, covered in spruce veneer. Wings were taken from the Model 40 and shortened, with the pusher engine and wood propeller mounted on the lower side of the upper wing.

A slightly heavier, more robustly built version, powered by a  Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp engine, was produced as the B-1E / Model 204 / Model 204A.

Variants
B-1D2:Two aircraft powered by  Wright J-5 Whirlwind 9-cyl radial engines
B-1EAlmost identical to the B-1D with strengthened structure, the B-1E was powered by a  Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp. Five aircraft were built, of a batch of ten, the remaining aircraft were re-designated Model 204.
Model 204Five B-1E airframes re-designated before completion. Only two were completed by Boeing, one Model 204 and one Model 204A, with a third completed by a private party using the c/n and registration of the original airframe.
Model 204AThe second Model 204 airframe completed as a dual-control trainer for William E. Boeing.

Specifications (B-1D)

References

1920s United States airliners
006D
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Vinco Corporation. Vinco Corporation was a Detroit, Michigan based manufacturer of jig (tool)s, fixtures, gauges, gears, ground tools, index plates, and angle tangents. Before 1940 it was known as the Vinco Tool Company. In 1962 the New York based Recony division of the business produced air conditioners, heating, and ventilating equipment.
By 1980 the firm made rocket-engine parts.

Prior to working for the Belock Instrument Corporation in 1957, golfing great Gene Sarazen was in charge of customer relations for the Vinco Corporation.

A company known as Vinco Tool is still operative in Clinton Township, Michigan.

References 

Manufacturing companies based in Detroit
Tool manufacturing companies of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
George Clark & NEM. George Clark & NEM was a leading British marine engineering business. The company was based in Sunderland and was a major employer in the area.

History
The company was established in 1848 by George Clark as a general engineering concern based in Sunderland. It built its first marine engine in 1854. In 1938 it was acquired by Richardsons Westgarth & Company who merged the business with North Eastern Marine ('NEM'), another engineering concern which had been founded in 1865 at South Dock in Sunderland and which they had also acquired, to form George Clark & NEM Ltd.

The Company built engines for many ships including the Saga Ruby. In 1977 the company was nationalised and was subsumed within British Shipbuilders and then in 1979 it merged with Hawthorn Leslie to form Clark Hawthorn. It then closed in 1982.

References

Marine engine manufacturers
Companies established in 1848
Companies based in the City of Sunderland
1848 establishments in the United Kingdom
S-200 (bioremediation). S-200 is a bioremediation product used to clean up oil spills.  It is an oleophilic nitrogen-phosphorus nutrient  that promotes the growth of micro-organisms that degrade hydrocarbons (such as oil and fuel).  S-200 bonds to the hydrocarbon to eliminate the need to reapply in tidal or rain events. S-200 is identified as a bioremediation accelerator and as such, does not contain bacterial cultures, but rather  contributes to the establishment of a robust microbial population.  In the laboratory, considerable biodegradation to alkanes was seen over the course of treatment. Field trials have yielded inconsistent results.

The product was developed by International Environmental Products, a US company based around S-200 as its product.

Field tests

After laboratory and field trials, S-200 was the only bioremediation process selected by the Spanish Department of National Parks for the final cleanup of the Galician coastline following the Prestige oil tanker spill.

The effects of the product were studied on a beach affected by the  spill]  off the coast of Spain in 2002. A  study concluded that it enhanced the biodegradation rate of specific compounds, but  did not establish whether it had improved the visible aspect of the beach, detached stuck oil, or reduced weathered oil. Other compounds, such as uric acid and lecithin, may be more effective than S-200, but wash off in tidal areas or rain events and must be applied continuously.  In 2006, other researchers summarized the findings of experiments on Prestige-affected coastal areas, concluding that oloephilic substances such as S-200 were of "limited effectiveness.

In 2006, a field bioremediation assay was conducted by the Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona on the use of S-200 ten months after the Prestige heavy fuel-oil spill on a beach of the Cantabrian coast in northern Spain. The field survey indicated that the product enhanced the biodegradation rate, particularly of high molecular weight n-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, and benzenes, and alkylated PAHs. The most significant molecular bioremediation indicators were the depletion of diasteranes and C-27 sterane components.

However, the study was confined to analysis of specific compounds, and did not report whether the application of S-200 caused a decrease in the amount of weathered oil, the detachment of any oil that had been stuck, or any improvement to the visible appearance of the beach.

In 2006, other researchers summarized the findings of experiments on Prestige-affected coastal areas, concluding that oloephilic fertilizers such as S-200 were of "limited effectiveness".

A 2007 test by researchers at the Technical University of Crete comparing a control to treatment by S-200 and treatment by uric acid and lecithin found that the hydrocarbon degradation in a period of 7 days was greater with the uric acid and lecithin treatment than it was with the S-200 treatment and the control.

References

Bioremediation
Oil spill remediation technologies
Cardè Bridge. 

History
The Cardè Bridge is the first reinforced concrete bridge built over the Po. It is located in Cardè, in the Province of Cuneo, in the Italian region Piedmont. The works for its realization started on 5 February and finished on 7 December 1914. The project was planned by Ingegneri Giay Emilio & Eugenio of Turin. Before its construction, a wooden bridge linked Cardè to Villafranca Piemonte and Barge but it was often ruined by the floods. On 9 February 2004, during the central pillar maintenance works, the bridge subsided. Nowaday the structure is condemned, moreover the works for its restoration are going on. Meanwhile, a Bailey bridge was built to let the vehicles but trucks pass.

Gallery

References

Bridges in Piedmont
Villafranca Piemonte
Barge, Piedmont