omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Diarmuid Downs. Sir Diarmuid Downs (23 April 1922 – 12 February 2014) was a British automotive engineer.

Early life
Downs was born in 1922 in London, where his father ran a small engineering business manufacturing equipment for the oil industry.  Downs was educated at Gunnersbury Catholic Grammar School and the Regent Street Polytechnic, London. He then studied at Northampton Engineering College, London, where he graduated with First Class honours in 1942.  He won a postgraduate bursary for further research and study, which he took up with Ricardo and Co.

Career
For his first 15 years with Ricardo & Co., first as student, then as a member of staff, and from 1947 as Head of the Petrol Engine Department, Downs pursued a study of fundamental study of abnormal combustion phenomena in the petrol engine, resulting in a clearer understanding of the problems of knock and pre-ignition.

Downs was made a Director of Ricardo in 1957.  He was made Managing Director ten years later, remaining in this position until 1984.  He was Chairman of the company from 1976 to 1987.

Downs served as President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1978 and as President of FISITA, the International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies, from 1978 to 1980. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1985. He was elected a Fellow for the Royal Academy of Engineering.

More details can be found in the Bibliographical Memoirs of Fellows of The Royal Society published in 2019.

References 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from London
British automotive engineers
English Roman Catholics
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
Alumni of City, University of London
Alumni of the Regent Street Polytechnic
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. The IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (IEEE RAS) is a professional society of the IEEE that supports the development and the exchange of scientific knowledge in the fields of robotics and automation, including applied and theoretical issues.

History 
The initial IEEE Robotics and Automation (R&A) entity, the Robotics and Automation Council, was founded in 1984 by a number of IEEE Societies including Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Circuits and Systems, Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, Computers, Control Systems, Industrial Electronics, Industry Applications, and Systems, Man and Cybernetics. In 1987 the council became the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society.

Field of interest 
The Society states in its constitution that it "is interested in both applied and theoretical issues in robotics and automation. Robotics is here defined to include intelligent machines and systems used, for example, in space exploration, human services, or manufacturing; whereas automation includes the use of automated methods in various applications, for example, factory, office, home, or transportation systems to improve performance and productivity."

Publications 

The society publishes a range of peer-reviewed journals, including
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering
IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

Co-sponsored publications include:
IEEE/ASME MicroElectroMechanical Systems Journal (MEMS)
IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
IEEE Transactions on Nano–Bio Science
IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology
IEEE Sensors Journal
IEEE Systems Journal

Conferences 
The IEEE Robotics and Automation Society sponsors and co-sponsors a number of annual international conferences such as the International Conference on Robotics and Automation, the International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering and International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

References

External links 

IEEE societies
TOPIO. TOPIO ("TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot") is a bipedal humanoid robot designed to play table tennis against a human being.  It has been developed since 2005 by TOSY, a robotics firm in Vietnam. It was publicly demonstrated at the Tokyo International Robot Exhibition (IREX) on November 28, 2007.   TOPIO 3.0 (the latest version of TOPIO) stands approximately 1.88 m (6' 2") tall and weighs 120 kg (264 lb).

Development history

Specifications

Technologies 
 Recognition of fast moving objects
 Artificial Intelligence
 Low Inertia mechanical system
 Fast and accurate movement control
 Balanced bipedal walking

See also 

Humanoid robot
Actroid
Android
ASIMO
Gynoid
REEM
QRIO
HUBO
HRP-4C

References

External links 

 
 TOPIO video - YouTube
 "I, the Ping Pong Robot" - Softpedia
 "Ping Pong Playing Robots" - www.robots.net
 "TOPIO - The Ping Pong Playing Robot"  - www.robotliving.com
 "Play ping-pong or feed the baby at Tokyo robot fair" - Reuters

Bipedal humanoid robots
Sports robots
Robotics at TOSY
2005 robots
Image SXM. Image SXM is an image analysis software specialized in scanning microscope images. It is based on the public domain software NIH Image (now ImageJ from the National Institutes of Health) and extended to handle scanning microscope images, especially of the SxM formats (SAM, SCM, SEM, SFM, SLM, SNOM, SPM, STM), hence its name.

Features 
Image SXM supports image stacks, a series of images that share a single window. It can calculate area and pixel value statistics of user-defined selections and intensity thresholded objects. It can measure distances and angles. It can create density histograms and line profile plots. It supports standard image processing functions such as logical and arithmetical operations between images, contrast manipulation, convolution, Fourier analysis, sharpening, smoothing, edge detection and median filtering. It does geometric transformations such as image scaling, rotation and flips. The program supports any number of images simultaneously, limited only by available memory.

History 

Image SXM is based upon a similar freeware image analysis program known as NIH Image (that had been developed by the National Institutes of Health for Macintosh computers running pre-Mac OS X operating systems), now become ImageJ.

See also 
 Microscope image processing

References

 Barrett, Steve (2008). "What is Image SXM?", October 2008

External links 
 ImageSXM.org.uk – official web address

NIH Image 
 NIH Image home page
 Scion Image Download

Image processing software
Freeware
Albert Hiorth. Albert Karl Fredrik Hiorth (17 November 1876 – 12 September 1949) was a Norwegian engineer.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of engineer Fredrik Hiorth. He took his education at Kristiania Technical School and the University of Geneva. He was a member of the Faraday Society. After further studies abroad he settled in Asker.

Hiorth was hired in Kværner in 1899, and became the CEO of Bjølvefossen in 1906. In 1909 he became the CEO of Aurlandsfaldene. A devout Christian and member of the Victoria Institute, he was reputed to look to the Bible for authoritative accounts on present phenomena. He was an active lay preacher, was active in the Palestine Exploration Fund and was especially interested in projects in the British Mandate of Palestine. He became known for a plan to connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Dead Sea by pipeline.

References

Engineers from Oslo
Oslo University College alumni
1876 births
1949 deaths
Yakovlev Yak-5. The Yakovlev Yak-5 () was an experimental trainer aircraft designed by Yakovlev OKB in the Soviet Union, and first flown in 1944.

Development and design
In 1944, the Yakovlev UT-2 was the standard primary trainer of the Soviet Air Forces, but its simplicity caused problems when pilots moved on to more sophisticated aircraft, so the Yakovlev design bureau designed a more sophisticated derivative, the UT-2L, which featured an enclosed tandem cockpit, the addition of flaps and blind flying instruments.

At the same time, Yakovlev designed a single-seat aircraft based on the UT-2L, intended as a fighter-trainer. This aircraft, the Yak-5, was a low-wing monoplane of wooden construction, but unlike the UT-2, had the front cockpit removed and an enclosed sliding canopy placed over the rear cockpit. A retractable tailwheel undercarriage replaced the fixed landing gear of the UT-2. It was powered by a Shvetsov M-11D five-cylinder radial producing 115 hp (86 kW), which drove a two-bladed variable-pitch propeller. It could be fitted with a single synchronized ShKAS machine gun aimed by a reflector sight, while the aircraft was also fitted with a radio.

Operational history
The prototype Yak-5 first flew on 7 September 1944. The new fighter-trainer's handling proved popular with its test pilots, and the aircraft successfully passed official evaluation. In the end, neither the UT-2L or the Yak-5 entered production because the Soviet Air Force command believed wooden aircraft were becoming obsolete, which would result in production of the all-metal Yakovlev Yak-18 trainer in late 1945. The sole Yak-5 was destroyed when it suffered failure of the wooden wing during a snap roll and crashed.

Specifications (Yak-5)

References

Notes

Sources
 Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergey Komissarov. OKB Yakovlev: A History of the Design Bureau and its Aircraft. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2005. .
 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London: Osprey, 1995. .
 Gunston, Bill and Yefim Gordon. Yakovlev Aircraft since 1924. London, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1997. .

Low-wing aircraft
1940s Soviet military trainer aircraft
Yak-005
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Bojan Kraut. Bojan Kraut (April 12, 1908 – August 22, 1991) was a Slovene mechanical engineer who wrote "Strojniški Priročnik" (English: "Mechanical Engineering Handbook"), a well-known reference text from former Yugoslavia.

Biography 
Kraut was born in Kamnik where he finished elementary school. He finished Gymnasium in Ljubljana in 1926. In 1932 he became a mechanical engineer after graduating from Zagreb University.

After working in Tivat, he became a constructor in Ljubljana's foundry. In 1937 he became a teaching assistant at the Ljubljana University where he received title of "honorary engineer". His last job before the Second World War was in Slavonski Brod, where he worked as a leading constructor of locomotives and railcars.

After WW2 he contributed to the restoration of Yugoslav industry. He worked as a leading engineer at Tovarna avtomobilov Maribor and later  became a technical director at the Litostroj machinery factory.

Finally he became a professor at the Ljubljana University and was elected for a Faculty Dean and a University Rector later.

In April 1954 he published "Strojniški Priročnik", a handbook for mechanical engineers. This handbook became  popular among engineers from all parts of Yugoslavia and after Kraut's death in 1991 it was renamed to Krautov Strojniški Priročnik (Kraut's Mechanical Engineering Handbook). The Handbook is the best selling Slovenian scientific book ever.

References

1908 births
1991 deaths
People from Kamnik
Slovenian mechanical engineers
University of Zagreb alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Yugoslav engineers
Eskadrille 721. Eskadrille 721 of the Royal Danish Air Force is the sole squadron in 'Air Transport Wing Aalborg' of the Danish Defence. It provides tactical transport for all parts of the Danish state.

History
Eskadrille 721 (721 Squadron) was formed on 1 October 1950, when the Royal Danish Air Force (Flyvevåbnet) was formed by merging the Marinens Flyvevæsen (Danish Naval Air Service) and Hærens Flyvertropper (Danish Army Air Corps), with Eskadrille 721 incorporating the aircraft of the 1st and 2nd Luftflotille of the Naval Air Service, together with the Greenland flight of the Army Air Corps, with the role of transport (including support for operations in Greenland, together with Search and Rescue operations.

Present activity

Since 2004 the air wing is located at Flyvestation Aalborg, in the Northern part of Jutland peninsula.

The main role for the air wing is to provide tactical transport capacity with its C-130's.
The Challengers provide both VIP-transportation for the Royal Court of Denmark and other government officials, and has the option to be equipped with airborne radar for surveillance. The Challenger 604 is tasked with assisting in surveillance missions around Greenland and the Faroe Islands and in that capacity one aircraft has been permanently stationed in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland since 2021.

Current equipment

Currently Eskadrille 721 operates:

 4 Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules
 4 Bombardier CL-604 Challenger
 4 Saab T-17 Supporter

See also
 Danish Defence

References

 Augustesen, Sören. "Denmark's Challengers". Air International, April 2015, Vol. 88, No. 4. pp. 82–85.
 Nikolajsen, O. "Arctic Specialists: History of No.721 Squadron, Royal Danish Air Force". Air Pictorial, January 1970, Vol. 32, No. 1. pp. 16–18.

External links
About Eskadrille 721  (in Danish)

Danish Air Force squadrons
Starent Networks. Starent Networks  was an information technology and computer networking products company. It was headquartered in Tewksbury, Massachusetts, USA, with major engineering facilities in Pune, India and Bangalore, India. Starent Networks was bought by Cisco in 2009.

Starent was a provider of infrastructure products that enabled mobile operators to deliver multimedia services such as video, Internet access, voice-over-IP, e-mail, mobile TV, photo sharing, and gaming to their subscribers. The products act as gateways that connect the radio access network to the IP network. The gateways allow the service provider to have fine control over the end user experience of the high bandwidth/low latency applications, transaction accounting details and access control.

On October 13, 2009, Cisco announced a plan to purchase Starent for US$2.9 billion.
On December 18, 2009, Cisco completed acquisition of Starent Networks.

References

External links 
 

Networking hardware companies
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Telecommunications equipment vendors
Networking companies of the United States
Cisco Systems acquisitions
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl. 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl is a commonly used nematic liquid crystal with the chemical formula C18H19N. It frequently goes by the common name 5CB. 5CB was first synthesized by George William Gray, Ken Harrison, and J.A. Nash at the University of Hull in 1972 and at the time it was the first member of the cyanobiphenyls. The liquid crystal was discovered after Gray's group received a grant from the UK Ministry of Defence to find a liquid crystal that had liquid crystal phases near room temperature with the specific intention of using them in liquid crystal displays. The molecule is about 20 Å long. The liquid crystal 5CB undergoes a phase transition from a crystalline state to a nematic state at 22.5 °C and it goes from a nematic to an isotropic state at 35.0 °C.

Production
5CB is produced by modifying biphenyl in a linear manner. First Br2 is added to the biphenyl to introduce a bromine atom to the end of the moiety. Next aluminium chloride and C4H9COCl is added to the sample, followed by the addition of potassium hydroxide and NH2NH2. By this point the molecule will have a bromine atom on one end of the rigid core and C5H11 on the other end. Finally, introduction of copper(I) cyanide and DMF results in the removal of the bromine and its replacement with CN, yielding 5CB.

References

Further reading

External links 
Space Filling Model of 5CB
 

Liquid crystals
Liquid crystal displays
Nitriles
Pentyl compounds
Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann. Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann (22 May 1803 – 27 January 1881) was a French chemist who patented the reaction for converting ammonia to nitric acid, which was later used in the Ostwald process.

He was both a research scientist and a professor at Université Lille Nord de France. He promoted chemical engineering education for science graduates in Lille and supported the development of École centrale de Lille (IDN).

As an entrepreneur starting in 1829, he established his own chemical company producing sulfuric acid. This company later merged into Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann group.

References

 Bibliothèque numérique de Lille-Frédéric Kuhlmann

 Obituary of Kuhlmann in La Nature 26 Feb 1881, scanned at google books

1803 births
1881 deaths
People from Colmar
19th-century French chemists
University of Lille Nord de France
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum. The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) is an international initiative to advance carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. The Forum is a Ministerial-level organization that includes 23 member countries and the European Commission. Membership is open to national governmental entities that are significant producers or users of fossil fuel and that have a commitment to invest resources in research, development and demonstration activities in carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies. CSLF also recognizes that stakeholders, those organizations that are affected by and can affect the goals of CSLF, form an essential component of CSLF activities. 

The CSLF Charter, signed in June 2003, organized the CSLF by creating a Policy Group, which governs the overall framework and policies of the CSLF, a Technical Group, which reviews the progress of collaborative projects and makes recommendations to the Policy Group on any needed actions, and an administrative Secretariat, which organizes CSLF meetings, coordinates communications among CSLF Members, and acts as a clearinghouse of information. 

In July 2005, the G8 Summit endorsed the CSLF in its Plan of Action on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development, and identified it as a medium of cooperation and collaboration with key developing countries in dealing with greenhouse gases.

Similar designations were also made in bilateral activities that include:
the joint statement of the U.S.-European Union Summit on Energy Security, Energy Efficiency, Renewables and Economic Development, and
the Mainz Declaration of Germany and the United States on Cleaner and More Efficient Energy, Development and Climate Change.

In 2006 and 2007, the International Energy Agency and the CSLF held a series of three workshops for invited experts from around the world on the topic of near-term opportunities for carbon capture and storage. Resulting recommendations from these workshops were formally adopted by the CSLF and were sent forward to G8 leaders.

The CSLF has recognized 30 carbon capture and storage projects worldwide that demonstrate a wide range of CO2 capture, transport and storage research and activities.

See also
Climate change
Global warming

References

External links
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

International climate change organizations
Hiro H4H. The Hiro H4H (or Hiro Navy Type 91 Flying Boat) was a 1930s Japanese bomber or reconnaissance monoplane flying boat designed and built by the Hiro Naval Arsenal for the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Design and development
First appearing in 1931, the H4H1 was a twin-engined, high-wing monoplane flying-boat. Powered by two 500 hp (597 kW) Hiro 91-1 engines strut-mounted above the wing, it was produced by the Kawanishi company and entered service in 1933.

An improved version of the design, the H4H2, followed into production two years later. The H4H2 has re-designed twin fins and rudders and was powered by two 800 hp (597 kW) Myojo radial engines. A total of 47 of both versions was produced.

Both the H4H1 and H4H2 remained in front-line naval service through the 1930s.

Variants
H4H1 (Hiro Navy Type 91 Model 1 Flying Boat)
Variant powered by two 500hp (597kW) Hiro 91-1 engines.
H4H2 (Hiro Navy Type 91 Model 2 Flying Boat)
Variant powered by two 800hp (597kW) Myojo radial engines.

Operators

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Specifications (H4H2)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

H4H
1930s Japanese patrol aircraft
Flying boats
High-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
TCCC. TCCC may refer to:

 Taichung City Council, a city council in Taiwan
 The Coca-Cola Company, a Fortune 500 company
 The Commonwealth Coast Conference, an NCAA Division III–affiliated athletic conference in eastern New England
 The Tarawa Climate Change Conference, an international diplomatic conference held in Kiribati in November 2010
 The Technical Committee on Computer Communications, a Technical Committee that is part of the IEEE Communications Society that sponsors research efforts and standardization in computer communications.
 The Technical Committee on Computer Communications, a Technical Committee that is part of the IEEE Computer Society that sponsors research efforts and standardization in computer communications.
 Tactical Combat Casualty Care, a standard of care in prehospital battlefield medicine.
Insulator Museum. The Insulator Museum of the firm NGK Insulators, located in Nagoya, Japan, is the only museum of porcelain insulators in the world.

History 
The museum contains some unique items, including a "pin insulator for communication" manufactured in 1875 that is believed to be the oldest domestic Japanese insulator. It has "approximately 5,000 pieces of insulators and maintenance tools from 21 countries... and 57 manufacturers." About 300 pieces are on display at any one time.  It also has a detailed and informative display on the material, processes and applications.

NGK Insulators is one of the world's largest manufacturer of electrical porcelain, with a number of plants in different countries. Due to the company's significant production of ceramic items, its annual sales exceed $USD3.5 billion. NGK Insulators has been producing porcelain continuously for nearly 100 years, and, sometime in the mid 1980s, its total output surpassed 150 million porcelain units.

References

External links
 Museum website 

Museums with year of establishment missing
Ceramics museums in Japan
Industry museums in Japan