omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Polaris FIB. The Polaris FIB ("Flying Inflatable Boat") is an Italian flying boat ultralight trike, designed and produced by Polaris Motor of Gubbio. The aircraft was introduced in the mid-1980s and remains in production. It is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The FIB complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The FIB has a maximum gross weight of .

The aircraft features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, an inflatable boat hull and a single engine in pusher configuration. The FIB has no wheeled landing gear, but as a result of customer demand it was later developed into the amphibious Polaris AM-FIB.

The FIB's single surface wing is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing and covered in Dacron sailcloth. The  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The company continues to develop the design and in 2010 introduced a new hull shape to increase performance in the water and in the air.

Dimitri Delemarie, writing in The World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, said of the design, "It will never win any speed records, but if there were an award for fun, it would be right up there at the top."

Since 1986 Polaris Motor has sold an average of 80-100 trikes and 200 wings per year. Naturally all Polaris wings can be easily installed in other brands of trikes, with the possibility of personalization.

Operational history
The FIB is used by a number of government operators, including police and coastguards.

Variants
In the early 2000s the company offered a version with the same wing, but without a boat hull, using a conventional minimalist trike frame mounted on wheeled landing gear or optionally skis. Even though it did not have a boat hull it was still marketed under the FIB name.

Specifications (FIB)

References

Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
List of things named after Michael Faraday. Here is a list of things named in honour of scientist Michael Faraday:

Science 
 Faraday (unit), or just faraday – An obsolete unit of charge that has been superseded by the coulomb
 farad, SI unit of capacitance
 
 
 Faraday constant – The amount of electric charge per mole of electrons
 

 Faraday dark space – The dark area in front of a cathode in a vacuum tube
 Homopolar generator, aka Faraday disc or Faraday wheel
 
Faraday filter, aka 

Faraday rotation (see Faraday effect)

 Faraday flashlight, aka mechanically powered flashlight
 Faraday's ice pail experiment
 
 
 Faraday's laws of electrolysis
 Faraday's law of induction
Maxwell–Faraday equation
 Faraday paradox (electromagnetism)
 Faraday paradox (electrochemistry)
Faraday rotator
Faraday tensor, aka

Places 
 Faraday building – The first telephone exchange to open in London, later the first International Switching Centre
Faraday Building, Manchester
 The Faraday lecture theatre inside the Faraday Building at Lancaster University in Lancashire, England
 Faraday Research Station – A former British research station in Antarctica, now called Vernadsky Research Base and operated by Ukraine
 Faraday (ward) – An electoral ward in the London Borough of Southwark
 Faraday Dam – A dam on the Clackamas River in the U.S. state of Oregon
 Faraday House – One of the buildings at the headquarters of Vodafone, a telecommunications company in Newbury, Berkshire
 Mount Faraday in New Zealand's Paparoa Range

Others 
  – A Siemens AG cable ship launched in 1874
  – A Siemens AG cable ship launched in 1923
 Faraday (crater) – A lunar impact crater
 37582 Faraday – A main-belt asteroid
 Faraday Future – electric car company
 Faradaya – A genus of flowering plants
 Oxera splendida – A species of vine formerly known as Faradaya splendida

See also 
 
 Faraday (disambiguation)
 Faraday Prize (disambiguation)

References

Faraday
Named after
Vauxhall 14-6. The Vauxhall 14-6 is an automobile produced by Vauxhall in England from 1939 until 1948.

Announced in October 1938 for the 1938 British International Motor Show at Earls Court, the 14-6 was offered as a six-light, four door saloon and was powered by a four bearing, OHV, 1,781cc Straight-six engine. It had a top speed of 70 mph and could accelerate from 0-50 mph in 18.2 seconds.

Engine, transmission and suspension
The previous engine was retained but with compression ratio raised from 6.25 to 6.75:1 and revised timing increasing the output to 48 bhp at 3000rpm. Other features included independent front suspension using torsion bars in place of the previous Dubonnet system with semi-elliptic leaf springs at the rear, Lockheed hydraulic brakes and a three-speed all-synchromesh gearbox in place of the four-speed "silent third" gearbox.

Unitary chassis-body
The car now had a unitary hull which had a  longer wheelbase and  wider track than its predecessor which made it larger than the 12-4 model announced at the same time. Previously the 12 and 14 hp models had shared the same body. Interior features included individual leather front seats and a rear seat with fold-down arm rest, a rear window blind and a sliding sunroof.

Post World War II models can be distinguished by bonnet-louvre and grille changes. A total of 45,499 were produced, including 30,511 in the post war period.

Australian production
A Vauxhall 14 J was built by Holden in Australia without unitary construction which was beyond the capacity of local presses but sharing much of the English car's styling. The separate chassis allowed the Australian firm to provide open and utility bodies. Commencing in 1939, the 14 was offered in sedan, coupé and roadster body-styles. and as in England but in a Holden version, a light utility.

A 14 sedan was the first civilian car to be produced by Holden in the post war period, leaving the Fishermans Bend assembly line on 21 May 1946.

References

External links

Cars introduced in 1939
14-6
Flora-2. Flora-2 is an open source semantic rule-based system for knowledge representation and reasoning.
The language of the system is derived from F-logic, HiLog, and Transaction logic. Being based on F-logic and HiLog implies that object-oriented syntax and higher-order representation are the major features of the system. Flora-2 also supports a form of defeasible reasoning called Logic Programming with Defaults and Argumentation Theories (LPDA).  Applications include intelligent agents, Semantic Web, knowledge-bases networking, ontology management, integration of information, security policy analysis, automated database normalization, and more.

Flora-2 relies on the XSB system for its inference engine. The design and architecture of Flora-2 are described in a number of works.

Details of the system and its use are described in the Flora-2 User's Manual. Flora-2 is available for all major computing platforms, including Linux and other flavors of Unix, Microsoft Windows, and Mac OS X.

History 

Flora-2 is a successor to the Flora system (1998–1999) and incorporates the experience gained developing and using the original Flora system. The Flora-2 project started around year 2000 by Guizhen Yang and Michael Kifer. In later years it was led by Michael Kifer and had many other contributors.

Projects using Flora-2 

 TaOPiS is a social semantic Web application for supporting self-organizing communities.
 Baze is a database development environment similar to Access and Base.
 ReasonablePython is a module which adds F-Logic to Python.
 The FRDCSA project is developing an extension to the Perl XSB interface for supporting access to Flora-2 and HiLog from Perl and the FreeKBS3 system.

References

External links
Flora-2 Web site.

Logic programming languages
Keppel Bay Bridge. The Keppel Bay Bridge (Chinese: 吉宝湾桥, ) is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Singapore along Keppel Bay Vista, spanning 250 metres across the strait linking the private Keppel Island to mainland. The bridge was officially opened on 3 January 2008 by the sixth President of Singapore S. R. Nathan.

Built at a cost of $30 million, the cable-stayed bridge allows currents to flow freely through the marina basin, bringing in nutrients, plankton and marine larvae, while helping to remove sediment that would otherwise settle on marine organisms and smother them.

References

2008 establishments in Singapore
Bridges completed in 2008
Bridges in Singapore
Bukit Merah
JS Suzunami. is the fifth vessel of the s of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).

Design
The hull design is generally based on that of the . However, when weapon layout was changed, the internal structure was also changed. The large lattice mast was thought to have a negative on the stealthiness of the Murasame class, so in Takanami class, a planned change to two smaller masts was conceived, but was not implemented.

Although its displacement become slightly increased, there is no change in its main engines, as it is not a big difference that has little effect on the performance of the ship.

Construction and career 
Suzunami was authorized under the Medium-term defense buildup plan of 1996, and was built by IHI Marine United shipyards in Yokohama. She was laid down on 24 September 2003 and launched on 26 August 2004. The destroyer was commissioned into service on 16 February 2006, and was initially assigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3 based at Maizuru, Kyoto.

Suzunami, along with the fleet oiler Hamana were assigned to the Indian Ocean in March 2007 to provide assistance in refueling anti-terrorist coalition forces in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. She returned to Japan in July 2007. On 25 March 2008, she was reassigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 1, based at Yokosuka, Kanagawa.

On 21 July 2009, Suzunami, along with the fleet oiler Oumi, was again dispatched for coalition refueling operations in the Indian Ocean. She returned to Japan on the completion of this mission on 24 December 2009. On 8 April 2010, while monitoring a fleet of five People's Liberation Army Navy warships in international waters in the East China Sea, Suzunami was buzzed at abnormally low altitude by a Chinese helicopter. This incident led the Japanese government to file a protest against the Chinese government on 12 April. On 1 August 2011, she was reassigned to the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, based at Ōminato, Aomori Prefecture.

On 13 August 2012 Suzunami was dispatched to Aden, Yemen, as part of ongoing anti-piracy escort operations off the coast of Somalia. The context for this extended deployment off the Horn of Africa was the "Law on the Penalization of Acts of Piracy and Measures Against Acts of Piracy (Anti-Piracy Measures Law)". During these deployments, she made a port call at Port Klang, Malaysia from 29 to 30 December.

Suzunami returned to Yokosuka on 10 June 2013 and remains assigned to the Third Squadron of the JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3.

Notes

References

 
Saunders, Stephen. IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2013-2014. Jane's Information Group (2003). 

2004 ships
Takanami-class destroyers
Ships built by IHI Corporation
WSK WN-3. The WN-3 was a Polish seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine of the 1950s, produced by WSK-Kalisz, designed by Wiktor Narkiewicz.

Design and development

In 1946, Wiktor Narkiewicz, who prior to the Second World War was technical director of the Czechoslovakian Avia aero-engine factory, was appointed chief designer of the Polish Central Engine Office, and later the Aero-engine department of the Polish Aviation Institute (Instytut Lotnictwa, IL). He led the design of the WN-1, a  air-cooled flat-four piston engine which was the first post-war Polish aero-engine, followed by the  WN-2 in 1947, but both of these engines failed to enter production.

In 1952 Narkiewicz set up a small design team to design a new seven-cylinder radial engine, the WN-3. The first prototype, rated at  was completed in 1954, and by the time testing was completed in 1955, the engine's power rose to . The WN-3 entered production in 1956, powering the PZL TS-8 Bies training aircraft.

The engine was produced in 1957-1960 by WSK-Kalisz in Kalisz, it might be known also as PZL WN-3, or (in Western sources) as Narkiewicz WN-3.

Variants
WN-3
Production version, .
WN-4
Modified version for use in helicopters.

Applications

PZL TS-8 Bies
PZL MD-12 (prototype)
BŻ-4 Żuk (prototype)

Specifications

References

 

1950s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Rumpler C.VI. The Rumpler C.VI was a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft used by the Germans during the First World War. The aircraft was designed, along with the C.VII, based on the previous success of high-altitude Zeppelins, from which the engine was also taken: the Maybach Mb.IVa high-altitude high-compression engine. To operate in thinner atmosphere, the aircraft also had a special carburetor and radiator. The radiator was half-sized to reduce weight.

References

Bibliography

C.VI
German military reconnaissance aircraft
Evogene. Evogene is a computational biology company based in Israel. Evogene Ltd. (NASDAQ:EVGN) has developed a unique computational predictive biology "CPB" platform, which leverages big data with advanced algorithms such as machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI), while adding a deep understanding of biology and advanced biological technologies. Evogene is using its proprietary CPB platform to computationally design and develop next-generation life-science products based upon three core components: microbes, small molecules, and genetic elements.

Evogene's computational platform allows it to substantially increase the probability of successful life-science product development, increase the efficiency and reduce the toxicity of its life-science products while reducing time and cost to development. Its strategic partners include BASF (OTCQX:BASFY), Bayer (OTCPK:BAYZF), Corteva (CTVA), ICL Group Ltd. (ICL) as well as various academic and medical institutions.

References

Companies listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Biotechnology companies of Israel
Rehovot
Israeli companies established in 2002
Tower Infinity. Cheongna City Tower, Tower Infinity or Ecoprism Tower is a tower to be constructed near the Incheon Airport just outside Seoul, South Korea. The tower is dubbed as the "world's first invisible tower". The invisibility illusion will be achieved with an LED facade system. The tower is built primarily for leisure activities. The building will be spread over an area of . The Design by GDS got first prize in a National Design Competition sponsored by Korea Land and Housing Corporation. The South Korean government gave approval to build the tower in September 2013.

Design philosophy
GDS won Korea Land Corporation's design competition in 2008 from 146 entries from 46 countries
which aimed to find a new building to symbolize the position of South Korea. Instead of going after height they decided to come up with something innovative that symbolises Korea.

Although height is not the selling point of the tower, the -tall tower, when completed, will be the sixth tallest tower in the world and will have the third highest observatory in the world.

Invisibility

The tower is intended to have the ability to "disappear". The tower will have high definition cameras placed at three different levels on all six sides of the tower. The cameras will acquire real time images. These images will be processed and will be stitched into a monolithic image that will be projected by three sets of 500 rows of LED screens to the other side of the building, all in real time. Three projections at different heights on all three sections are proposed. The pitch of the LED decides the sharpness of the image - the shorter the pitch, the sharper the image will be. Different levels of illumination are used to achieve different degrees of 'invisibility'.

Because of the arrangement of the LED screens, the tower will appear invisible from only certain points distributed around the tower, ranging from areas near the tower to areas as far as Seoul Bridge, located about  away. The screens will be so arranged that the tower will be visible from high altitudes, such as to airplanes and birds.

Purpose
Tower Infinity will be used primarily for entertainment and leisure purposes with a 4D theater, restaurants, a water park, landscaped gardens and the third-highest observation deck in the world. When the tower invisibility cloak is turned off the projectors may be used as a huge billboard for broadcasting special events and advertisements. The floor plan is open enabling people to look at multiple floors on ascent.  The tower will also have a slow high capacity elevator that will stop at different heights, displaying real time views of other world monuments.

References

External links
GDS website
Illustrations o Ecoprism

Buildings and structures in Incheon
Buildings and structures under construction in South Korea
Cradling (paintings). Cradling is a process used in the restoration and preservation of paintings on wooden panel. It consists in mounting a grid of wooden slats to the back of a painting to create a reinforcement and preserve the flat paint surface.

Slats in either the horizontal or vertical direction are permanently fixed to the back of the panel, whilst the secondary perpendicular slats remain loose, held solely in place by the upper row. This allows for a degree of movement in the panel, which may warp, subject to changing levels of dampness and atmospheric pressure.

This procedure can often be found on Old Master paintings of the 16th and 17th centuries, when painting on wood and particularly oak panel was widely practiced.

There are numerous reasons for choosing to cradle a panel. This can be done to piece back together a painting which has split and cracked over time. It can also be done to consolidate, preserve or straighten back a panel which may have warped.

There are detrimental factors to consider before cradling a painting. It is an interventive procedure which may involve sanding the back of the panel in order to create a flat surface to affix the cradling. It is a non reversible procedure which alters the condition and state of a work of art, which triggers ethical issues.

With many cradled paintings the sliding cradle members will get stuck due to the movement of the panel. This leads to much tension and cracks in the panel and permanent deformation. Applying a cradle to the back of a panel painting almost always leads to more severe structural problems depending on the climate in which the painting is kept and the way the planks of the panel were saw. Nowadays, in the modern world of conservation cradling a painting has been outdated and subject to criticism.

Duke University and The University of Brussels have developed an art conservation tool that uses X-rays and algorithms to analyze the paintings. To better image the art piece, for it is of wood sections (cradles) the machine called Platypus or the computer math program sorts out the wood and finely visualizes the original art.

References

Conservation and restoration of paintings
Wood
Polaris Skin. The Polaris Skin is an Italian ultralight trike, that was designed and produced by Polaris Motor of Gubbio. The aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

By 2014 the company website was listed as "under construction", then was taken down and the company went out of business.

Design and development
Designed and first flown in the early 1980s, the Skin complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The Skin has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with an optional cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from steel and bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 503 or the liquid-cooled  Rotax 582 engine. With the Rotax 503 powerplant the aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the Gryps 14, Gyps 16, Gyps 19 and the Ares 21.

Specifications (Skin with Gyps 16 wing)

References

External links

1980s Italian sport aircraft
1980s Italian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Polaris Motor. Polaris Motor srl was an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Gubbio. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes and was known for its inflatable boat trikes.

One of the company's first products, introduced in the early 1980s, was the Skin, a conventional land trike that remained in production though 2013. The FIB ("Flying Inflatable Boat") established the company's reputation in pure flying boat form and in its AM-FIB amphibious form.

The company carried out continuous development of its boat hulled aircraft, including refining the boat hull shape over time to improve performance on the water and in the air.

By 2014 the company website was listed as "under construction" and then was taken down, and the company was out of business.It went bankrupt in 2019

Aircraft

See also

List of Italian companies

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Italy
Ultralight trikes
Nelson C. Baker. Nelson C. Baker is an American academic and civil engineer. He is the current dean of professional education at Georgia Tech and an associate professor in the institute's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Among other honors, Baker has been a recipient of the National Science Foundation's Young Investigator award, the W.M. Keck Foundation Award for Engineering Teaching Excellence, the ASCE Journal of Computing Best Paper, and the ENR Educator for Construction's Next Generation award.

In 2012, Baker was appointed to the University System of Georgia's  Distance Education Task Force. He also serves as a board member for the University Professional and Continuing Education Association, is a former chair of the Georgia Board of Regents Administrative Committee on Public Service and Continuing Education, and is the current president of the International Association for Continuing Engineering Education.

References

Georgia Tech faculty
Georgia Tech alumni
Carnegie Mellon University College of Engineering alumni
Living people

Year of birth missing (living people)
Le Corse-class frigate. The Le Corse class (or E50 Type) was a class of 4 fast frigates (Escorteurs Rapide) built for the French Navy in the early 1950s. They were first surface combatant class of ships to be built after World War II and symbolized "the revival of the French fleet."  They were followed by the  Le Normand-class (or E52 Type) frigates, and like them, were long-range convoy escorts capable of high speed.

The E50 type shared a flush-decked layout with the E52 class, and had a similar armament of three twin 57mm turrets) (one forward and two aft) and an anti-submarine armament consisting of a battery of heavyweight guided torpedoes and a 375mm Bofors six-barrel rocket launcher.

Ships

See also
List of Escorteurs of the French Navy

References

External links
 Description générale des escorteurs 

Frigate classes
Cold War frigates of France
Ship classes of the French Navy