omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bengaluru–Mysore Infrastructure Corridor. The Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises Road, commonly known as NICE Road, is a partially implemented and largely scrapped 4 to 6 lane private tolled expressway in Karnataka, that was intended to connect the two important cities Bengaluru and Mysuru in the Indian state of Karnataka. It will not be implemented, as Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Highway part of NH 275 is going to replace it as a section of the new Bengaluru–Mangaluru Industrial Corridor (EC-34). 

As of May 2017, around 800,000 vehicles use the road daily on its presently operational section from Electronic City on Hosur Road to Tumakuru Road.

There has been accusation of irregularities in the execution of the Bengaluru Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) by the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprise (NICE).

History

In conjunction with a 1995 Trade Mission to India sponsored by the then Governor of Massachusetts, William Weld, a memorandum of understanding was signed by Consortium members, Indian officials, including then Karnataka Chief Minister, H. D. Deve Gowda, and U.S. officials, which set the stage for launching the Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor project. The Consortium, Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE), comprises the Kalyani Group of Companies, VHB International LTD. and SAB International LTD. to develop the Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor.

The project has been in controversy since the day of planning. In October 2012, the Karnataka Lokayukta ordered a probe into several former chief ministers in matters relating to irregularities in land acquisition for the project.

Status updates
 Mar 2019: 4 km of expressway is completed, besides this 41 km of peripheral road and 8.5 km of link road is also constructed.

Gallery

See also
 National Highway 275 (India)
 Expressways of India
 Infrastructure in Bengaluru
 Electronic City Elevated Expressway
 Inner Ring Road, Bengaluru
 Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru
 Peripheral Ring Road
 Satellite Town Ring Road

References

External links
Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor Area Planning Authority

Transport in Bengaluru
Transport in Mysore
Roads in Bangalore Rural district
Expressways in Karnataka
Toll roads in India
Roads in Bengaluru Urban district
Roads in Mysore district
Roads in Ramanagara district
Roads in Mandya district
European Neural Network Society. The European Neural Network Society (ENNS) is an association of scientists, engineers, students, and others seeking to learn about and advance understanding of artificial neural networks. Specific areas of interest in this scientific field include modelling of behavioral and brain processes, development of neural algorithms and applying neural modelling concepts to problems relevant in many different domains. Erkki Oja and John G. Taylor are past ENNS presidents and honorary executive board members.  its president is Věra Kůrková.

Every year since 1991 ENNS organizes the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN). The history and the links to past conferences are available at the ENNS website. This is one of the oldest and best established conferences on the subject, with proceedings published in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, see index in DBLP bibliography database.

As a non-profit organization, ENNS promotes scientific activities at European and at the national levels in cooperation with national organizations that focus on neural networks. Every year, many stipends to attend ICANN conference are given. ENNS also sponsors other students and have given awards and prizes at co-sponsored events (schools, workshops, conferences and competitions).

References

External links 
 

Artificial intelligence associations
Artificial neural networks
Elsevier academic journals
Siemens cycle. The Siemens cycle is a technique used to cool or liquefy gases.  A gas is compressed, leading to an increase in its temperature due to the directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure (as stated by Gay-Lussac's law).  The compressed gas is then cooled by a heat exchanger and decompressed, resulting in a (possibly condensed) gas that is colder than the original at the same pressure.

Carl Wilhelm Siemens patented the Siemens cycle in 1857.

In the Siemens cycle the gas is:
1. Heated – by compressing the gas – adding external energy into the gas, to give it what is needed for running through the cycle
2. Cooled – by immersing the gas in a cooler environment, losing some of its heat (and energy)
3. Cooled through heat exchanger with returning gas from next (and last stage)
4. Cooled further by expanding the gas and doing work, removing heat (and energy)

The gas which is now at its coolest in the current cycle, is recycled and sent back to be – 
5. Heated – when participating as the coolant for stage 3, and then 
6. Resent to stage one, to start the next cycle, and be slightly reheated by compression. 

In each cycle the net cooling is more than the heat added at the beginning of the cycle. As the gas passes more cycles and becomes cooler, reaching lower temperatures at the expanding cylinder (stage 4 of the Siemens cycle) becomes more difficult.

See also
Adiabatic process
Gas compressor
Hampson–Linde cycle
Regenerative cooling
Timeline of low-temperature technology

References

Thermodynamic cycles
1857 in science
1857 in the German Confederation
United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols model. The United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) is a community Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate model which are research runs of the Met Office's operational Unified Model. It runs within the Hadley Centre example with multiple flavours of varying horizontal resolutions and vertical layers.

It is a collaboration of the Met Office with the University of Cambridge, University of Leeds, University of Oxford, University of Reading, University of East Anglia, and Lancaster University in the UK and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of New Zealand.

References

External links 
 UKCA: A community chemistry-climate model (Cambridge)
 UKCA Wiki

Air pollution in the United Kingdom
Air pollution organizations
Climate of the United Kingdom
College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom
Met Office
Meteorological data and networks
Natural Environment Research Council
Numerical climate and weather models
Polyaddition. Polyaddition (or addition polymerisation ) is a polymerization reaction that forms polymers via individual independent addition reactions. Polyaddition occurs as a reaction between functional groups on  molecules with low degrees of polymerization, such as dimers, trimers and oligomers, to form species of higher molar mass. Only at nearly complete conversions does the polymer form, as in polycondensation and in contrast to chain polymerization.

A typical polyaddition is the formation of a polyurethane.

References

Polymer chemistry
Chromium (disambiguation). Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.

Chromium may also refer to:
 Chromium (computer graphics), a system for OpenGL rendering on clusters of computers
 Chromium (web browser), the open source counterpart to Google Chrome
 ChromiumOS, the open source operating system counterpart to Google ChromeOS
 Chromium (film), a 2015 Albanian film
 Hexavalent chromium, any chrome compound in the +6 oxidation state.

See also

 Chromium deficiency, for the role of chromium in biology and nutrition
 Chromium B.S.U., an open-source space shooter game
 Chrome (disambiguation)
 Cr (disambiguation)
 Isotopes of chromium
 Ungoogled-chromium, a fork of the chromium web browser unaffiliated with Google that specifically does not rely on Google-specific web services
Vickers F.B.12. The Vickers F.B.12 was a biplane pusher fighter aircraft developed during World War I by Vickers Limited. The failure of the engine for which it was designed, and the obsolescence of the pusher configuration, resulted in its remaining an experimental type only.

Development and design
At the start of the First World War, Vickers entered into a partnership with the Hart Engine Company to develop a 150 hp (110 kW) nine-cylinder radial engine designed by Hart. This engine was planned to power a number of new designs by Vickers, the first of which was a small single-engine pusher biplane fighter, the F.B.12.

The F.B.12 shared the obsolescent pusher layout of the D.H.2 and F.E.8, although the raised nacelle vastly improved the rear view from the cockpit.  The wings were of wood and fabric construction, with rounded tips. The circular nacelle was framed in steel tubing, with the engine directly behind the cockpit, driving a wooden propeller. The tail was at the end of a structure of steel booms. A .303 in (7.7 mm) machine gun was placed inside the front of the nacelle, with only the barrel protruding.

The first FB.12 flew in June 1916, powered by an 80 hp (60 kW) Le Rhône rotary engine as the Hart was not yet available. With this engine, it proved to be underpowered and was re-fitted with a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape engine.  It was then rebuilt with increased wing span and area, becoming the F.B.12A. In December 1916 it was sent to France for operational testing, where it was deemed as good as the D.H.2 and F.E.8, a rather back-handed recommendation as both these types were by now well outclassed by the latest German fighters, the Albatros D.Is and D.IIs.

The F.B.12B was similar to the F.B.12A, but fitted with the originally intended Hart engine, flying early in 1917. In November 1916, meanwhile, the War Office placed an order for 50 Hart-powered aircraft, designated the F.B.12C  for the RFC. The F.B.12B crashed during tests in early 1917, leading to Vickers abandoning the Hart. Only 18 of the order were built, being fitted with a number of different engines including a 110 hp (80 kW) Le Rhône and a 100 hp (75 kW) Anzani radial. Tested between May and July 1917, only one F.B.12C was delivered, to a Home Defence unit.

The F.B.12D was the final variation, only one prototype was produced with a larger 110 hp (80 kW) Le Rhone engine.

Operators

Royal Flying Corps

Variants
 F.B.12
 F.B.12a  Mono-Gnome engine
 F.B.12b  150 hp (110 kW) Hart radial engine
 F.B.12c  flat-sided nacelle, larger fin and rudder. 18 production aircraft built.
 F.B.12d  110 hp (80 kW) Le Rhone or 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome Monosoupape engine

Specifications (F.B.12)

See also

References

Bibliography
 .
 .

1910s British fighter aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
F.B.12
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Biplanes
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Rochon prism. A Rochon prism is a type of polariser.  It is made from two prisms of a birefringent material such as calcite, which are cemented together.

The Rochon prism was invented by and is named after Abbé Alexis Marie Rochon. It is in many ways similar to the Wollaston prism, but one ray (the ordinary ray) passes through the prism undeviated.  The Sénarmont prism is similar but transmits the s-polarized ray undeviated.  In both the Rochon and the Sénarmont prisms the undeviated ray is ordinary on both sides of the interface. Rochon prisms are commercially available, but for many applications other polarisers are preferred.

See also
Nomarski prism
Nicol prism
Glan–Thompson prism
Glan–Foucault prism
Sénarmont prism

References

External links
 An article by CVI (optics manufacturer) about different types of polariser

Prisms (optics)
Polarization (waves)
Campbell W. Adams. Campbell W. Adams  (December 9, 1852, in Utica, Oneida County, New York – November 1930) was an American civil engineer, surveyor and politician from New York. He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1894 to 1898.

Life
Adams was educated at the Utica Free Academy. In 1872, he became an assistant to William H. Christian, City Surveyor of Utica, and in the following year, when Christian's term expired, they formed a partnership and carried on a general surveying business. In 1872 and 1874 Adams had charge of building the Savage Reservoir at the end of Pleasant Street, Utica, for the Utica Water Works. From 1875 to 1880, he was a traveling salesman for the firm of Adams Bros., rope manufacturers.

From 1880 to 1885, he was city surveyor of Utica. Afterwards he was constructing engineer for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, on the Albany and Susquehanna division, but a year later returned to Utica and served as Assistant City Surveyor during Mayor Kinney's administration. In 1887, he was employed as Resident Engineer for the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad, supervising the construction of the branch from Rochester, New York, to Windsor Beach on Lake Ontario; of a viaduct at Harpursville; and of a bridge over the Genesee River. He was again appointed Assistant City Surveyor of Utica in 1888, and in 1891 was one of the engineering corps on the Adirondack and St. Lawrence Railroad. In 1892 and 1893, he was again City Surveyor of Utica.

He was state engineer and surveyor from 1894 to 1898, elected in 1893 and 1895 on the Republican ticket. One of his assistants was Halbert Powers Gillette. From 1901 to 1903, Adams was engaged in building a railway and harbor for the Dunderland Iron Co., Ltd., of London, England, on the west coast of Norway, near the Arctic Circle. Until 1905, he remained as superintendent of this work, during which time the plant has been completed for mining, concentrating and briquetting about 2,500 tons daily of iron ore for shipment to England. In December 1905, he was made general manager of the entire works.

Adams died on November 7, 1930, in Belleville, New Jersey.

References

Sources
 CANDIDATES OF THE PARTIES  - Presentation of the candidates for state office, in the New York Times on November 5, 1893

1852 births
1930 deaths
American civil engineers
American surveyors
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Politicians from Utica, New York
New York (state) Republicans
Engineers from New York (state)
Fajr Aviation & Composites Industry. Fajr Aviation & Composites Industry (FACI) was established 1991 by Raht-Aseman. FACI's first design, the Fajr F.3, entered production in 2001 and made its public debut in October 2002. Production was continuing in 2006, now of the improved Fajr F.3B.

In 2010, Fajr unveiled a one-an twin-engine airplane dubbed "Faez." According to released data, it has an empty weight of 78 kilograms and a gross weight of 175 kilograms, and is intended for reconnaissance, medical supplies, and small packages.

Design and manufacturing 
Manufacturing Fajr F.3 training aircraft
Wind tunnel vanes
Hovercraft
Full composite boat
Automobile bumper
Aerodynamic fairing of helicopter
Radar and communication dishes

See also
Iran Aviation Industries Organization

References

External links

https://web.archive.org/web/20110611035220/http://www.tco.ac.ir/fajr/
https://web.archive.org/web/20070915162709/http://www.raht-air.com/
http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jawa/jawa5333.html
http://www.airframer.com/direct_detail.html?company=109953

Aircraft manufacturers of Iran
Manufacturing companies based in Tehran
Keystone Patrician. The Keystone K-78 Patrician was an airliner developed in the United States in the late 1920s, built only in prototype form.

Design & development
The Patrician was a high-wing, strut-braced monoplane following the then-standard trimotor layout, and was intended to be the largest and fastest aircraft of its type. The fuselage was constructed from a chromoly tube framework with aluminum longerons and bulkheads, all skinned in fabric. The inner wings were built from steel-truss spars and metal ribs and fabric-covered, while the outer wings of wooden construction.

The flight test program included a much-publicized return flight across the United States and in another stunt, a successful attempt at a load-carrying record was set by lifting a 4,600 lb (2,090 kg) "payload" of "33 girls, two pilots, and a mechanic" to 10,200 ft (3,110 m) in 25 minutes. Colonial Air Transport then flew the prototype (registered NX7962) on charter operations between New York City and Boston while a definitive version for the airlines was developed under the designation K-78D. This featured 18 seats, a lavatory, and a separate baggage compartment.

The first of these machines (NC98N) was purchased by Wright Aeronautical Corporation for use as an engine testbed, but also as an executive transport. In keeping with this latter role, a deluxe interior was fitted in place of the passenger compartment, which included an office and sleeping berths. The second aircraft (NC10N) was selected for evaluation by Transcontinental Air Transport for use on a cross-United States route. TAT's technical committee, under the leadership of Charles Lindbergh, selected the Patrician over five other aircraft: the Curtiss Condor, Boeing 80A, Ford Trimotor, Fokker F.10, and a Sikorsky biplane . Lindbergh himself flew the Patrician to various stops across the United States to research routes and provide an opportunity for TAT to generate publicity for the planned service. One of these stops turned into a fiasco when the Patrician became bogged in mud while landing at Mills Field, San Francisco, requiring the various dignitaries aboard to be unloaded while the aircraft was dug out.

Certification was obtained on 30 October 1929, but before the initial intended batch of ten Patricians could be produced, the Great Depression made itself felt, and the market disappeared. Keystone reduced the asking price from $90,000 to $65,000, but still found no buyers, and the three prototypes were the only Patricians ever built.

Operators

Transcontinental Air Transport
Wright Aeronautical Corporation

Specifications (K-78D)

References

Notes

 
 
 aerofiles.com

1920s United States airliners
Patrician
Trimotors
High-wing aircraft
Dwight B. La Du. Dwight B. La Du (April 27, 1876 Van Buren, Onondaga County, New York – August 17, 1954) was an American civil engineer and politician from New York. He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1923 to 1924.

Biography
He was born on April 27, 1876, to J. Sears La Du and Julia L. (Warner) La Du.

He was Division Engineer of the Eastern Division of the State Canals under John A. Bensel, and in 1914 was appointed Special Deputy State Engineer, a post he retained under Frank M. Williams. He resigned in the fall of 1918, and ran for State Engineer and Surveyor on the Democratic ticket in November 1918, but was defeated by Williams. In 1922, he ran again, and was elected, being in office from 1923 to 1924, but was defeated again for re-election in 1924 by Republican Roy G. Finch.

He died on August 17, 1954, in Albany, New York.

References

Further reading
 Campaign expenses filed, in NYT on November 16, 1918
 Election results, in NYT on December 8, 1922
Du+1876&dq=dwight+b+La Du+1876&hl=pt-BR&pgis=1 Manual for the Use of the Legislature of the State of New York issued by the New York Dept. of State (1950)
Du+1876&hl=pt-BR American Biographical Index by Laureen Baillie (K.G. Saur, 2007, ,  )
Du+appointed&hl=pt-BR&sig=ACfU3U0l8D_GX6PTS8yaoXFtM-pZPUuW4Q History of the Barge Canal of New York State by Noble E. Whitford (pages 450ff; READ BOOKS, 2007, ,  )

1876 births
1954 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
American civil engineers
People from Van Buren, New York
Missing middle or first names
New York (state) Democrats
Newcastle and District Electric Lighting Company. The Newcastle and District Electric Lighting Company (abbreviated to DISCo) was a pre-nationalisation, private electricity supply company, based in Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. The company was set up in 1889 by Charles Algernon Parsons. The company built a number of small coal-fired power stations in the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne, initially to supply homes and streets with electric lighting. They also provided power for an electrified tram line in the western part of the city.

DISCo was the first electric supply company in the world to generate electricity using turbo generators, thanks to Parsons' invention of the steam turbine. The company existed until the nationalisation of the UK's electrical supply industry in 1948.

History
Following his invention of the steam turbine in 1884, Charles Algernon Parsons was anxious to move into electricity supply, and so in 1889 he founded up the Newcastle and District Electric Electric Lighting Company. Their distribution area was quickly decided; they were to supply the area of the city to the west of Grainger Street, while the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Electric Supply Company (NESCo), who had also been formed in 1889, were to supply the eastern side of the city. DISCo's distribution area was expanded west to Newburn in 1902, and north to Benwell and Fenham in 1904. They were unable to extend this any further after losing a number of Parliamentary battles with NESCo in the early 1900s.

The first power station the company constructed was at Forth Banks in the city centre in 1890. This was the first power station in the world to generate electricity commercially using steam turbine driven generators. A further power station was constructed in close proximity to the Forth Banks station in 1902, on The Close. Another two stations were built by the company at Lemington, in 1903, and at Newburn, in 1908. All of the stations built by the company used steam turbines built by Parson's turbine building company C. A. Parsons and Company.

Charles Parsons was initially held the title as the company's managing director, until 1902 when he stepped down, but remained with the company as a director, before finally retiring in 1909. The majority of the North East's electric supply companies merged with NESCo in 1932 to form the North Eastern Electric Supply Company (again known as NESCo). However, DISCo was one of only three electric supply companies in the region to not merge into NESCo. DISCo ceased to exist in 1948, becoming part of the North Eastern Electricity Board (NEEB), with the nationalisation of the UK's electrical supply industry.

References

Defunct electric power companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Newcastle upon Tyne
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1889
Energy companies disestablished in 1948
British companies established in 1889
1948 disestablishments in England
Privately held companies of the United Kingdom
1889 establishments in England
British companies disestablished in 1948