omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Timothy D. Stark. Timothy D. Stark  is a Professor of Geotechnical Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign since 1991.  Dr. Stark teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in Foundation Engineering and Earth Structures, respectively, in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the UIUC and numerous short courses for various entities. Stark has served as a consultant and expert on a range of domestic and international projects including levees and dams, buildings, bridges, slopes, geosynthetics, seismic issues, waste containment facilities, and highways.

Honors and awards

Stark has received a number of awards for his activities including the Thomas A. Middlebrooks Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in 2012 and 1998; being selected Editor in 2013 and Associate Editor of the Year in 2012 of the ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering; R.M. Quigley Award from the Canadian Geotechnical Society in 2003; R.S. Ladd Standards Development Award from the ASTM in 2011 and 2002; Walter L. Huber Research Prize from the ASCE in 1999; University Scholar Award from UIUC in 1998; News Correspondent Award from the ASCE in 1995; Dow Outstanding New Faculty Award from the American Society for Engineering Education in 1994; Xerox Award for Faculty Research from UIUC in 1993; Arthur Casagrande Professional Development Award from the ASCE in 1992; and Edmund Friedman Young Engineer Award for Professional Achievement, from the ASCE in 1991.  He is a registered Professional Engineer in Illinois, Colorado, Louisiana, and Washington.

References

External links 
 Personal website
 University of Illinois website
 Fabricated Geomembrane Institute
 CEE480-Foundation Engineering
 CEE480-Foundation Engineering
  CEE581-Earth Structures

American civil engineers
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Living people
1963 births
Anhui Foreign Economic Construction Group. Anhui Foreign Economic Construction Group (AFECC) is a Chinese construction and mining company with an international focus that includes 14 overseas subsidiaries in Asia, Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and Pacific Islands.  Based on the value of 2011 deals, the company ranks among the top 225 contractors in terms of international projects.

In its charitable giving, the company contributed $1.5 million towards a week long phase of a medical mission called the "Brightness Trip", in which a medical team visiting the hospitals of Malawi treated patients with cataract conditions.

Due to a high debt burden, the company defaulted on RMB 6.7 billion in bonds in June 2019. Chinese regulators were slow to recognize the risk, rating the company's bonds AA+ a month before the default.

Operations
The company develops diamond mines in the DRC and Zimbabwe.

Costa Rica
The company built the National Stadium of Costa Rica.

Democratic Republic of the Congo
In the DRC, the company entered into a 50-50 joint venture agreement with the government to develop a mine in eastern Kasai that could produce 6 million carats by 2016.  The terms of the agreement were publicly revealed in March 2013 and specified that the company would contribute $4.2 million in equity, provide a signing bonus of $61 million, and invest in various infrastructure projects amounting to $100 million throughout the country.  The planned infrastructure projects include the construction of a 4.6- megawatt hydropower plant near Tshibwe; a new building for the national diamond regulator; and assistance in bringing a loan from the Chinese government to fund a 15-megawatt hydroelectric plant at Tubi Tubidi and a road from the plant to Mbuji-Mayi.

Mozambique
The company built the Estádio do Zimpeto football stadium in Mozambique, as well as a cargo terminal at Maputo International Airport.

Zimbabwe

In Zimbabwe, the company launched a joint venture, Anjin together with Zimbabwe Army's Matt Bronze Enterprises. Ajin began mining in July 2010, and received permission from the Kimberly Process to export in 2011 after stockpiling 3 million carats. In 2016, Robert Mugabe accused Anjin out stealing the country's diamonds and ordered all diamond mining to cease. By 2020, Anjin reportedly returned to the country, but there were no reports of Anjin's diamond production from Zimbabwe's Chamber of Mines.

References

Companies based in Hefei
Diamond mining companies
Construction and civil engineering companies of China
A Life by Design?. A Life by Design?  is the only studio album by American hard rock band Fight or Flight, released on July 23, 2013. The debut single, "First of the Last", was released on May 7, 2013, with its radio airplay beginning on May 21, 2013.

Track listing

Credits

Dan Chandler- vocals
Dan Donegan - guitars, bass, piano, electronics, string arrangements, backing vocals 
Mike Wengren- drums, percussion, backing vocals

Production
Dan Donegan - producer, mixing
Matt Dougherty - engineering, mixing
Ted Jensen - mastering
Donny Phillips - Art direction
David Dess - illustrated 
Dan Machnik - photography

Charts

References 

2013 albums
Fight or Flight (band) albums
A calorie is a calorie. "A calorie is a calorie" is a tautology used to convey the concept that sources of dietary calories are interchangeable. This concept has been subject to debate since its emergence in the early 19th century.

History 
In 1883, German nutritionist Max Rubner published what he called the "isodynamic law". The law claims that the basis of nutrition is the exchange of energy. In the early 1900s, Carl von Noorden applied isodynamic law to the study of obesity. Von Noorden had two theories about what caused people to develop obesity. The first simply avowed Rubner's notion that "a calorie is a calorie". The second theorized that obesity development depends on how the body partitions calories for either use or storage. These competing theories continue to be a source of dispute within nutrition and diet communities.

Criticism

Calorie counting 
A kilocalorie is the equivalent of 1000 calories or one dietary Calorie, which contains 4184 joules of energy. The notion that "a calorie is a calorie" is related to the idea that weight maintenance is a result of equalizing calorie input and calorie output,  and may lead to the practice of calorie restriction.

Calorie amounts found on food labels are based on the Atwater system. The accuracy of the system is disputed. For example, a 2012 study by a USDA scientist concluded that the measured energy content of a sample of almonds was 32% lower than the estimated Atwater value.

Metabolism 
The driving mechanism behind caloric intake is absorption, which occurs largely in the small intestine and distributes nutrients to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries by means of osmosis, diffusion and active transport. Fat, in particular is emulsified by bile produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder where it is released to the small intestine via the bile duct. A relatively lesser amount of absorption—composed primarily of water—occurs in the large intestine.

The metabolic pathways for protein are less efficient than the metabolic pathways for carbohydrates and fat. Protein contains four calories per gram, although a large part of the calories are lost as heat when metabolized by the body.

See also 
 Basal metabolic rate
 Dieting
 Empty calories
 Management of obesity
 Metabolism
 Exercise
 Satiety value
 Scientific control
 Sleep and metabolism
 Bioavailability

References

Nutrition
Diets
Food science
Shinsulator. A shading insulator, or shinsulator, is used to cover a thermal mass (e.g. roof pond) and insulate the thermal mass as needed, either by re-radiating escaping heat back down towards the thermal mass, or by reflecting solar heat off the panel, reducing heat gathering by the thermal mass.

In the summer, a roof pond system cools the building during the day using a shading insulator, or "shinsulator" to reflect solar energy away from the roof pond and minimize the heat gathering that occurs. At night, the shinsulator can be retracted to allow the roof pond to release stored energy into the environment. Throughout the winter, the system can be used to heat the building by absorbing solar energy during the day with the shinsulator retracted. At night, the shinsulator can be repositioned over the roof pond to minimize heat loss to the environment, allowing gathered energy to radiate into the building.

Thermal protection
Keith Winstein. Keith Jonathan Winstein (born 1981) is a U.S. computer scientist and journalist. He is currently a professor at Stanford University.

Previously, he was the Claude E. Shannon Research Assistant at the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory's Networks and Mobile Systems group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pursuing a Ph.D. under Hari Balakrishnan. Winstein is best known as the author of Mosh, the mobile shell, a UDP-based ssh replacement optimized for mobile users featuring predictive local echo, automatic roaming, and high network resiliency.

He is the son of the late experimental physicist Bruce Winstein.

Computer science 

Winstein was involved in several computer science projects.

 Tyrannosaurus Lex is a system Winstein designed to hide messages in documents by altering specific words, published in 1999 while Winstein was in high school at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. The system was the original work in the field of "linguistic steganography." However, analysis of Winstein's scheme by other researchers found that Tyrannosaurus Lex contains several vulnerabilities, allowing an eavesdropper to potentially decode hidden messages embedded using the system.
 Mosh, the mobile shell, first released in March 2012, is a computing tool used to connect from a client computer to a server over the Internet, to run a remote terminal. Mosh is similar to SSH, with additional features meant to improve usability for mobile users.
 qrpff is one of the shortest programs that implements the DeCSS algorithm, co-authored by Winstein and Marc Horowitz, while at MIT.
 LAMP was a project at MIT that allowed users to play CDs from a music library over the cable TV system.
 Winstein, along with Joshua Mandel, built a device for Richard Stallman that allowed him to get past the MIT proximity-card-locked doors, while allowing him to remain anonymous. The device would identify itself as Winstein, Gerald Jay Sussman, or Hal Abelson, in order to open the door.

Journalism 

Winstein was a news reporter for The Wall Street Journal'''s Boston bureau from 2005 to its closure in 2009, focusing on the biomedical beat. Prior to his stint at the Journal, he was a reporter and news editor for MIT's student newspaper, The Tech, and interned at The New York Sun''.

As a reporter, Winstein wrote several articles critical of medical studies.

Winstein also disclosed errors in Google Flu Trends.

References

Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1981 births
Clyde Engineering Building. The Clyde Engineering Building is one of the engineering buildings on the Brigham Young University (BYU) campus. It houses the Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering departments. The building is named after Wilford W. Clyde, a Springville, Utah construction business owner and generous donor to BYU.

The structure contains a large study lounge and many classrooms. Over 40% of the floor space is dedicated to laboratory instruction and research. The structure contains an auditorium, several computer labs, a structures lab with large I-beams and a crane, a soil mechanics lab, environmental lab, transportation lab, a solid-state clean room, and various faculty and graduate student offices.

See also
List of Brigham Young University buildings
Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology

References

External links 
 BYU College of Engineering Official Website

Brigham Young University buildings
Damodar railway station. Damodar is a railway station on the  Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line, just east of the Damodar River.  It is located in Asansol, Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History
The Bengal Nagpur Railway was formed in 1887 for the purpose of upgrading the Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway and then extending it via Bilaspur to , in order to develop a shorter Howrah–Mumbai route than the one via Allahabad. The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to , on the Howrah–Delhi main line, was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.

Electrification
The Asansol–Purulia sector was electrified in 1961–62.

Important junction point
Damodar is the last station before the entry lines of the raw materials yard (Damodar Yard) of IISCO Steel Plant, which has been modernised at a cost of Rs. 16,408 crores.

To the north of Damodar railway station runs the line to numerous railway sidings for coal loading. The Damodar-Radhanagar sector of the coal sidings line was electrified in 1963–64.

To the south is the link to Kalipahari on the Bardhaman–Asansol section for freight trains (mainly iron ore rakes for Durgapur Steel Plant) to bypass Asansol . This line was electrified in 1961–62.

References

External links
 Trains at Damodar

Railway stations in India opened in 1891
Railway stations in Paschim Bardhaman district
Adra railway division
The Powerhouse (San Luis Obispo, California). The Powerhouse is a historic building located on the California Polytechnic State University campus in San Luis Obispo, California. Built from 1909 to 1910, it is the oldest building still standing at Cal Poly. 

The design of the building was long mis-attributed to William H. Weeks, who had designed the original Cal Poly power house at the northern end of campus. However, the architectural plans for the 1909 building were created by the State of California Department of Engineering, under State Engineer Nat Ellery. 

The building is designed in the Mission Revival style. The building originally served as a power plant run by students and two full-time supervisors, and held Mechanics and Electrical Engineering classes. The Powerhouse stopped generating power in the 1940s and was replaced and abandoned in 1955. In 1967, the building found a new use when the school's College of Architecture and Environmental Design decided to hold classes there. The college continued to hold classes in the building even after the construction of a new architecture building, and only stopped in 1990 when the school's administration ordered the building to be abandoned.

The Powerhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1993.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in San Luis Obispo, California
California Polytechnic State University
Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in San Luis Obispo County, California
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Mission Revival architecture in California
George Michael (computational physicist). George Anthony Michael (February 16, 1926 – June 5, 2008) was an American computational physicist at Lawrence Livermore Laboratories,
involved in the development of supercomputing. He was one of the founders of the annual ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, first held in 1988. The George Michael
Memorial Fellowship was established in his honor.   George was the person primarily responsible for doing the interviews and gathering the materials for the web site: Stories of the Development of Large Scale Scientific Computing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

References

1926 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American physicists
American computer scientists
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Computational physicists
Classification of organic minerals. Some organic compounds are valid minerals, recognized by the CNMNC (IMA).

Nickel–Strunz classification −10- Organic compounds 
Abbreviations:
"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: organic compounds 
 10.A Salts of organic acids
 10.AA Formates, Acetates, etc.: 05 formicaite, 10 dashkovaite, 20 acetamide, 25 calclacite, 30 paceite, 35 hoganite
 10.AB Oxalates: 05 humboldtine, 05 lindbergite; 10 glushinskite, 15 moolooite, 20 stepanovite, 25 minguzzite, 30 wheatleyite, 35 zhemchuzhnikovite, 40 weddellite, 45 whewellite, 50 caoxite, 55 oxammite, 60 natroxalate, 65 coskrenite-(Ce), 70 levinsonite-(Y), 75 zugshunstite-(Ce), 80 novgorodovaite
 10.AC Benzene Salts: 05 mellite, 10 earlandite, 15 pigotite?
 10.AD Cyanates: 05 julienite*, 10 kafehydrocyanite*
 10.B Hydrocarbons
 10.BA Hydrocarbons: 05 fichtelite, 10 hartite, 15 dinite*, 20 idrialite, 25 kratochvilite, 30 karpatite, 35 phylloretine?, 40 ravatite, 45 simonellite, 50 evenkite
 10.C Miscellaneous organic minerals
 10.C amber*
 10.CA Miscellaneous organic materials: 05 refikite, 10 flagstaffite, 15 hoelite, 20 abelsonite, 25 kladnoite; 30 tinnunculite, 30 guanine; 35 urea, 40 uricite

References 

 
 
 
 Mineralsystematik nach Strunz 9. Auflage von 2001 (aktuell)
 Hr. Dr. Udo Neumann der Uni-Tuebingen (Systematik der Minerale)

Mineralogy
Massive Online Analysis. Massive Online Analysis (MOA) is a free open-source software project specific for data stream mining with concept drift. It is written in Java and developed at the University of Waikato, New Zealand.

Description
MOA is an open-source framework software that allows to build and run experiments
of machine learning or data mining on evolving data streams. It includes a set of learners and stream generators that can be used from the graphical user interface (GUI), the command-line, and the Java API.

MOA contains several collections of machine learning algorithms:

 Classification
 Bayesian classifiers
 Naive Bayes
 Naive Bayes Multinomial
 Decision trees classifiers
 Decision Stump
 Hoeffding Tree
 Hoeffding Option Tree
 Hoeffding Adaptive Tree
 Meta classifiers
 Bagging
 Boosting
 Bagging using ADWIN
 Bagging using Adaptive-Size Hoeffding Trees.
 Perceptron Stacking of Restricted Hoeffding Trees
 Leveraging Bagging
 Online Accuracy Updated Ensemble
 Function classifiers
 Perceptron
 Stochastic gradient descent (SGD)
 Pegasos
 Drift classifiers
Self-Adjusting Memory
Probabilistic Adaptive Windowing
 Multi-label classifiers
 Active learning classifiers 
 Regression
 FIMTDD
 AMRules
 Clustering
 StreamKM++
 CluStream
 ClusTree
 D-Stream
 CobWeb.
 Outlier detection
 STORM
 Abstract-C
 COD
 MCOD
 AnyOut
 Recommender systems
 BRISMFPredictor
 Frequent pattern mining
 Itemsets
 Graphs
 Change detection algorithms

These algorithms are designed for large scale machine learning, dealing with concept drift, and big data streams in real time.

MOA supports bi-directional interaction with Weka. MOA is free software released under the GNU GPL.

See also

 ADAMS Workflow: Workflow engine for MOA and Weka
 Streams: Flexible module environment for the design and execution of data stream experiments  
 Vowpal Wabbit
 List of numerical analysis software

References

External links 
 MOA Project home page at University of Waikato in New Zealand 
 SAMOA Project home page at Yahoo Labs

Data mining and machine learning software
Free science software
Java (programming language) software
Free data analysis software
Hal Markarian. Hal Markarian (1929 — 2012) was an Armenian American aircraft designer who is known for implementing the initial designs of the B-2 Stealth Bomber. He produced a sketch that was the inspiration for the modern B-2 Spirit. Today's B-2 Spirit incorporates much of Markarian's design.

Design for the B-2 Stealth Bomber

During the initial project of the Stealth Bomber, Hal Markarian was appointed as project manager.

The first sketches of the aircraft were done by Markarian in June 1979. Markarian's proposal was one of the two designs that were considered in the making of the Stealth Bomber. Markarian's proposal was very similar to the YB-49, an aircraft designed by Northrop three decades earlier in 1947.

The final design was influenced by Irv Waaland and John Cashen who were experts in stealth technology. The team also included aerodynamicist Hans Grellman, as well as Dick Scherrer, a designer who had arrived from Lockheed. The design was much lighter and thinner than the modern B-2 Stealth Bomber and had six engines equipped, most likely GE F404. The aircraft had a diamond shaped center body which served to accommodate a crew, fuselage and weapons.

The aircraft design that Northrop Grumman would later adopt was similar, though it had a deeper center-section of the aircraft than Markarian's design. Due to demands from the Strategic Air Command, the aircraft was also made much heavier and had larger weapon carriers.

References

Aircraft designers
American people of Armenian descent
Northrop Grumman people
1929 births
2012 deaths
Anhui Construction Engineering Group. Anhui Construction Engineering Group (ACEG) is a Chinese construction company that ranks as the 65th largest contractor in the world by 2011 revenue.

As a contractor of international projects through its subsidiary Anhui Construction Engineering Group Overseas Development Co it has found success in places like Bangladesh where it was selected to build the 7th China-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge at Kazirtek, which will ease travel over the Arial Khan river, located between Dhaka and Barisal, and the construction of three other bridges on the Madaripur-Shariatpur-Chandpur road.

References

Companies based in Anhui
Construction and civil engineering companies of China