omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
James Atkinson (physicist). James Robert Atkinson, MA, FInstP, FRSE, FRMetS (17 February 1916 – 9 May 2008) was a British physicist.

Career 
On graduating from St John's College, Cambridge in 1938 he took a research post at the Air Ministry Research Establishment in Bawdsey Manor where he carried out research into ‘afterglow’ Cathode Ray Tubes, later taking on a special assignment to upgrade the Chain Home radar stations.

In 1940 he joined the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) where he worked on research into 10 cm, 3 cm and 1 cm wave radar later going on to work on research into super-refraction phenomena and infra red detectors for scope guided missile weapons.

After the war he joined Glasgow University’s Natural Philosophy department under Professor Philip Dee and between 1945 and 1958 he worked on expansion, diffusion and bubble chambers investigating nuclear photodisintegration by gamma rays.

In 1958 he took up a post at UKAEA Dounreay where he took charge of the testing reactor.
Moving on in 1966 he became Assistant Director at the British Ship Research Association working on research into ship architecture, vibration and noise.

In 1976 he joined the Institute of Offshore Engineering at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh where he pursued research into wave energy before retiring in 1979.

References

External links
Bawdsey Manor
Bawdsey Radar Group
Penley Radar Archives
Purbeck Radar
The Heritage of Particle Physics in Glasgow
The Herald Obituary 
Times Online Obituary

Bibliography
J R Atkinson et al. 1938  The accuracy of rectifier-photoelectric cells, Proceedings of the. Physics. Society Vol. 50 No.6 p. 934-946
J R Atkinson & A f Howartson 1951 Nuclear Scattering of Electrons and Positrons in Argon, Philosophical Magazine 42, p. 1136-45 (October 1951)
J R Atkinson 1955 Condensation Nuclei by U.V. Light, Geofisica pura e applicata 31, p. 54
J R Atkinson & A J Barnard 1952 The Diffusion Cloud Chamber, Nature 169, p. 170 - 173 (2 February 1952)
J R Atkinson et al. 1956  The Photodisintegration of Nitrogen, Proceedings of the. Physics. Society Vol.A 69 No.2 p. 77-92
J R Atkinson 1958 Education in the Atom Age III: Stepping Up the Output of Scientists and Technologists, The Scottish Educational Journal Vol. 41 p. 13-17 (3 January 1958)
J R Atkinson et al. 1960  Scattering of Electrons and Positrons by Xenon and Mercury, Proceedings of the. Physics. Society Vol.75 No.3 p. 447-449
J R Atkinson 1972  An Integrated Approach to Design and Production, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences Vol. 273 p. 99-118

1916 births
2008 deaths
English physicists
Radar pioneers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
People from Malvern, Worcestershire
Academics of the University of Glasgow
Alpha Beam with Ernie. Alpha Beam With Ernie is an edutainment video game released for the Atari 2600 by Atari, Inc. in 1983. It was developed in conjunction with the Children's Computer Workshop. The game was programmed by Michael Callahan and Preston Stuart.

Gameplay 

The object of Alpha Beam is to help Sesame Street'''s Ernie pilot a small shuttle, collect fuel tanks (marked by a letter of the alphabet), and return them to his space ship so that he can return to Earth.

The game was marketed as a family-friendly game that could teach children pre-reading skills such as identifying and matching letters. Alpha Beam'' was compatible with the Atari Kid's Controller, which was sold separately, although the regular keyboard controller is also compatible.

References 

1983 video games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Children's educational video games
Sesame Street video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in outer space
Klydonograph. The Klydonograph is a device that records a surge in electrical voltage on a sulfur-dusted photographic film. The device is credited to John F. Peters, who developed it as a means of investigating the effects of lightning on electric power lines. The resulting graphic varies in size and shape depending on the potential, polarity, and wave shape of the captured lightning discharge.

The concept of imaging an electrical impulse with sulfur dust dates back to 1777, when it was documented by G. C. Lichtenberg. This idea was later refined by others, who incorporated a photographic plate before it was eventually adopted in the Klydonograph.

The Klydonograph is generally used to record impulse voltages between 2 kilovolt (kV) and 50 kV.

References

Lightning
Chyetverikov MDR-3. The MDR-3  (a.k.a.11) was a long-range flying boat designed and built in the USSR from  1931.

Development 
In 1931, Chyetverikov was commissioned to design a new long-range flying boat for MA (Morskaya Aviatsiya – naval aviation). Chyetverikov used few new parts, borrowing wings, tailplane and engine nacelles (mounted above the wing) from the Grigorovich TB-5 and a scaled-up Grigorovich ROM-2 fuselage. The use of ready designed or built components led to quick construction of the prototype which was ready for flight tests in Dec 1931. These commenced in January 1932 after the aircraft was transported to Sevastopol in the Crimea. Despite fast construction and excellent structural qualities, results of the flight tests were disappointing. Takeoff time was 36 seconds, climb rate less than a metre per second and the ceiling was only 2,200m. As a result project was transferred to KOSOS (Konstrooktorskiy Otdel Sektora Opytnovo Stroitel'stva – section of experimental aeroplane construction), as there was a lack of faith in Chyetverikov's abilities to rectify the poor performance.
The MDR-3 became the basis of the ANT-27, MDR-4 and MTB-1.

Specifications (MDR-3)

See also
List of flying boats and floatplanes
 Short Knuckleduster

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 
 Taylor, Michael J.H. . “ Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions. London. 1989.  

1930s Soviet patrol aircraft
Flying boats
MDR-3
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined push-pull aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Twin-tail aircraft
Wright Model R. The Wright Model R was a single-seat biplane built by the Wright Company in Dayton, Ohio, United States, in 1910. Also known as the Roadster or the Baby Wright, it was designed for speed and altitude competitions.

Design
The Wright Model R was derived from the Wright Model B, and was a two-bay biplane with rear-mounted twin rudders mounted in front of a single elevator and carried on wire-braced wood booms behind the wing. It was powered by a  Wright four-cylinder inline water-cooled engine driving a pair of pusher propellers via chains.

Operational history

Two examples were flown at the International Aviation Tournament at Belmont Park in November 1910, one being a standard model flown by Alec Ogilvie and the other being a special competition model known as the Baby Grand, which had a  V-8 engine and a reduced wingspan of 21 ft 5 in (6.53 m). Orville Wright succeeded in flying the Baby Grand at a speed of nearly . Both aircraft were entered for the second Gordon Bennett Trophy competition which was held at the meeting, but the Baby Grand, flown by Walter Brookins, suffered an engine failure during a trial flight on the race day and crashed heavily. Ogilvie's aircraft also had engine problems, having to make a stop of nearly an hour to make repairs, but was nevertheless placed third.

Ogilvie also flew his aircraft in the 1912 Gordon Bennet competition, re-engined with a  N.E.C. engine.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography
  McFarland, Marvin (ed), The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright vol. 2. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953, p. 1199.
  Munson, Kenneth, Pioneer Aircraft 1903-1914. London: Blandford, 1969.

External links

"Mr Ogilvie's Wright Biplane" Flight 28 January 1911.

Model R
1910s United States experimental aircraft
Single-engined twin-prop pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1910
JCSAT-RA. JCSAT-RA, previously known as JCSAT-12, is a Japanese geostationary communications satellite, which is operated by SKY Perfect JSAT Group.

Details
It was ordered to replace the JCSAT-11 satellite which was lost in a launch failure on a Proton-M/Briz-M rocket in 2007, and is currently used as an on-orbit spare satellite; a role in which it replaced the older JCSAT-R spacecraft, providing a reserve for if one of the company's other satellites fails. It is a  satellite, which was constructed by Lockheed Martin based on the A2100AX satellite bus, with the same configuration as JCSAT-10 and JCSAT-11. The contract to build JCSAT-12 was awarded on 6 September 2007, the day after JCSAT-11 failed to reach orbit.

It was launched, along with the Australian Optus D3 satellite, by Arianespace. An Ariane 5ECA rocket was used for the launch, which occurred from ELA-3 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. The launch took place at 22:09 GMT on 21 August 2009, at the start of a 60-minute launch window.

JCSAT-12 separated from its carrier rocket into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which raise itself to geostationary orbit using a LEROS-1C apogee motor. It has a design life of fifteen years, and carries forty two transponders; twelve G/H band, and thirty J band (US IEEE C and Ku bands respectively).

See also

2009 in spaceflight

References

Spacecraft launched in 2009
Satellites using the A2100 bus
Communications satellites of Japan
Satellites of Japan
Araguari River (Amapá). The Araguari River () is the primary river of Amapá state in north-eastern Brazil. It became famous among surfers when some decided to ride its constant tidal bore, characterizing waves that can last for several minutes. In 2013, three dams were built in the river to generate hydroelectricity. The dams ended the tidal bore which altered the flow of water in the Amazon, and caused significant land erosion and damage to the Bailique Archipelago.

The river flows through the Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests ecoregion.
The river defines the western boundary of the  Amapá National Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit created in 1989.

See also
List of rivers of Amapá

References

Rivers of Amapá
Beardmore W.B.XXVI. The Beardmore W.B.XXVI (W.B.26) was a prototype British two-seat fighter of the 1920s.  A single engined biplane, one example was built and evaluated by Latvia, but was not accepted for service.

Development and design
In 1924, the Scottish shipbuilding company of William Beardmore and Company designed a two-seat fighter for Latvia, the W.B.XXVI.  Beardmore's chief designer, W.S. Shackleton produced a wooden single-bay biplane, powered by a Rolls-Royce Eagle engine.  The slab-sided fuselage was of hexagonal section, with the crew of two seated in separate cockpits.  To reduce drag, the wings had no bracing wires, bracing being solely by means of struts, with a large inter-wing gap.  A Lamblin radiator was installed in the leading edge of the lower wing. Instead of the normal Vickers and Lewis machine guns, the aircraft was armed by Beardmore's own gas-operated Beardmore-Farquhar machine guns.

The prototype first flew some time in 1925.  While it proved to be manoeuvrable, it was underpowered, and performance was poor, with the Latvians unwilling to pay for replacement of the Eagle with a more powerful Napier Lion engine.  It was sent to Latvia for evaluation in 1926, but was only flown three times in Latvia before it was rejected, and was eventually sent back to Beardmore and scrapped. No more W.B.XXVIs were built.

Specifications

Notes

References

External links

BEARDMORE WB.26 

1920s British fighter aircraft
W.B.XXVI
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Eagle Aircraft Eagle. The Eagle DW.1 is an American-built single-seat agricultural biplane of the late 1970s.

Development

The DW.1 was designed by Dean Wilson of the Eagle Aircraft Company of Boise, Idaho and the first example first flew in 1977.  The Eagle is a single-seat agricultural biplane with tapered long-span wings, an enclosed single-seat cockpit and fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The prototype was fitted with a Jacobs R-755-B2 radial engine but later examples were fitted with other more modern powerplants.

Production was sub-contracted to Bellanca Aircraft of Alexandria, Minnesota. The type certificate was sold to Alexandria Aircraft LLC in 2002, but no further production has been undertaken.

Operational history

95 examples of the DW.1 were built between 1979 and 1983.  Their use has been predominantly in the agricultural aviation field as crop dusters and sprayers.  In 2001, over 40 examples remained in use throughout the United States.

Variants

Eagle 220   Continental W670-6N radial engine;
Eagle 300   Lycoming IO-540-M1B5D flat-six engine.

Specifications (Eagle 220)

References
Notes

Bibliography

1970s United States civil utility aircraft
1970s United States agricultural aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1977
Eagle Aircraft Company. Eagle Aircraft Company is an American aircraft manufacturer specializing in agricultural aircraft.

Aircraft
 
Eagle was founded in 1977 by Dean Wilson, with the company's base being located at Boise, Idaho. Wilson designed the Eagle Aircraft Eagle agricultural biplane, which first flew in 1977, powered by a Jacobs R-755-B2 radial engine.  The aircraft was fitted with long-span tapering wings, which allowed a payload of  and a spraying speed of 

Further production was sub-contracted to Bellanca Aircraft of Alexandria, Minnesota, who built a series of 95 aircraft for Eagle between 1979 and 1983.  Over 40 examples remained in agricultural use in 2001.

Eagle Aircraft Flyer Special
In 1981 Eagle Aircraft owner Dean Wilson designed a race car for the 1981 Indianapolis 500. The special, aircraft inspired, design remained unproved due to an engine malfunction. Wilson returned for the 1982 Indianapolis 500 with driver Ken Hamilton. Hamilton, father of Davey Hamilton, was a proven and experienced midget car racing and supermodified racing driver. The car, fitted with a Chevrolet small-block engine, failed to qualify. The car was subsequently retired. In 2001 the car appeared, fully restored, in the Hemelgarn Racing garage.

References
Notes

Bibliography

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
American Championship racing cars
Bill Godbout. Bill Godbout (October 2, 1939 – November 8, 2018) was an early computer pioneer and entrepreneur known for manufacturing and selling computer equipment, parts, and electronic kits in Silicon Valley, during the 1970s and 1980s.

He and his company, Godbout Electronics (and later CompuPro and Viasyn), were very influential in the early years of the personal computer market. Together with George Morrow, he worked on the IEEE696 (withdrawn) better known as the very popular S-100 bus.

He is featured in the book The Silicon Boys, 1999 by David A. Kaplan about the pioneers of Silicon Valley.

Early life
He was born on October 2, 1939, in Providence, Rhode Island.

Career

After college, he went straight into a job at IBM, but found himself "involuntarily recalled" to active military duty in 1961 and subsequently spending most of the 1960s in the military, being discharged in 1968. Deciding not to return to a big company, although still holding IBM in esteem, he moved to the San Francisco Bay area to assist in turning around a company in financial difficulties, an operation which concluded successfully. With the same team, he subsequently founded another business in Oakland, California and, after selling this business, enjoyed a period of semi-retirement until a friend, Mike Quinn, introduced him to the electronics surplus business in which he became fascinated. In 1973, he established Godbout Electronics in the San Francisco Bay area, out of a Quonset hut at Oakland International Airport. The New York Times called it a "popular electronics store." According to the Vintage Computer Federation, he was "a legend in the S-100 community for his 1970s-1980s work at Godbout Electronics and CompuPro."

For his store, he purchased bulk discarded electronics largely from military suppliers. Godbout "sold chips and memory boards by mail and did business with developers on a handshake basis."

After renaming the company CompuPro, he worked with George Morrow to develop the S-100 data bus, the IEEE-696. The S-100 bus was sold as part of the Altair 8800 kit machine.

Godbout manufactured S-100 compatible cards, which "formed the backbone of early systems like the Altair 8800 and homebrew machines, allowing techies to interface their processors and memory with peripherals and form useful microcomputers."

In the 1980s, Godbout focused on networking and moved his company, renamed Viasyn, to Hayward, California. He was chairman of the business. Viasyn focused on custom computing equipment for “things like medical offices, the early electronic music scene, and even niche areas like elevator control systems."

Personal life and death
Near the end of his life, he lived in the community of Concow, California, with his wife Karen. The couple had a daughter, Brandi. Godbout was a keen pilot, and would often fly planes with his friend Gary Kildall.

Godbout was killed on November 8, 2018, when the Camp Fire burned down his home and workshop in Concow. He was survived by his wife and daughter.

References

External links

American computer specialists
1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from fire in the United States
ECAM. ECAM may refer to:

 Electronic centralised aircraft monitor, a system that monitors aircraft functions and relays them to the pilots
 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, a medical journal
 École Catholique des Arts et Métiers, an engineering school in Lyon, France
 ECAM Rennes - Louis de Broglie, an engineering school in Rennes, France
 The Madrid Film School (), a film school in Madrid, Spain

See also
Multifunction Advanced Data Link. Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL) is a fast switching narrow directional communications data link between stealth aircraft.  It began as a method to coordinate between F-35 (the Joint Strike Fighter), but HQ Air Combat Command wants to expand the capability to coordinate future USAF strike forces of all AF stealth aircraft, including the B-2, F-22, and unmanned systems.  MADL is expected to provide needed throughput, latency, frequency-hopping and anti-jamming capability with phased Array Antenna Assemblies (AAAs) that send and receive tightly directed radio signals. MADL uses the Ku band.

The Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics directed the Air Force and Navy to integrate MADL among the F-22, F-35 and B-2, to one another and to the rest of network.

As of 2010, the Air Force has canceled upgrade plans for the F-22 to receive MADL citing technology maturity risks.

Critics contend that since Link 16 is the standard by which U.S. and Allied aircraft communicate, upgrades to Link-16 radios should be supported that can provide the same capabilities as MADL while maintaining interoperability.

The MADL could be used beyond a four-ship flight.

Platforms
The F-22 Raptor MADL upgrade was cancelled in 2010
The F-35 Lightning II has MADL built in
B-2 Spirit
US Navy surface combatants with Baseline 9 Aegis Combat System can take targeting data from F-35s via MADL.

See also 
 Global Information Grid
 Link 16
 Multifunctional Information Distribution System
 Network-centric warfare

References

External links
 
 
 
 
 

Military radio systems of the United States
Chyetverikov SPL. The SPL (Samolyet dlya Podvodnikh Lodok – aeroplane for submarine boats) (a.k.a. OSGA-101, and Gidro-1) was a submarine borne flying boat designed and built in the USSR from 1931.

Development 
After successful trials by the Royal Navy, with submarine borne aircraft, using the Parnall Peto and the M-class submarines, the V-MF (Voenno-morskoj flot – Naval Fleet") wanted to deploy aircraft from cruiser submarines for open sea reconnaissance. In 1931 Chyetverikov had given a proposal for a submarine-launched folding flying boat to the head of TsKB (Tsentrahl'noye Konstrooktorskoye byuro – central construction bureau) but nothing was heard for two years until the NII (Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot  – scientific test institute) placed an order for two prototypes of the SPL. To prove the design, aerodynamically and hydrodynamically, Chyetverikov designed and built a non-folding version of the SPL with manually retracting landing gear designated OSGA-101. 

Completed in 1934 the OSGA-101 was flown for the first time by A.V. Krzhizhevskii and completed flight trials satisfactorily.
The OSGA-101 was of mixed construction with wooden wings and hull but Welded steel tube booms carrying the fabric covered Duralumin tail unit. Accommodation was for three with two pilots side by side and a third seat to the rear of the pilots.
The SPL was very similar but included shorter span wings which folded to lie alongside the fuselage, only two seats in the cockpit, and a pivoting engine nacelle which folded rearwards to lie between the tail-booms. The folded SPL was to be fitted in a water-tight cylinder 2.5m (8 ft 2½in) in diameter and 7.45m (24 ft 5¼in) long, with five minutes allowed for withdrawal and preparation for flight.

Flight trials of the SPL commenced at Sevastopol early in 1935, piloted by  A.V. Krzhizhevskii, and were completed by August 1935, but the SPL was rejected due to poor seaworthiness. After the trials the prototype was rechristened Gidro-1, given to Osoaviakhim, and used to set various class records.

Variants 
 OSGA-101 – The non folding first prototype of the SPL.
 Gidro-1 – The SPL prototype renamed after transfer to Osoaviakhim.

Specifications (SPL)

See also

References

Bibliography

 Gunston, Bill. "The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995". London, Osprey. 1995. 

 Taylor, Michael J. H. "Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation". Studio Editions. London. 1989. 

1930s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
SPL
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Submarine-borne aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Twin-tail aircraft