omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Robin R3000. The Robin R 3000 is a French single-engined light aircraft designed and built by Avions Robin, which entered production in the 1980s.

Development and design
In 1978, Avions Robin started design of a new range of all-metal single-engined light aircraft, with a wide range of variants planned with between two and four seats, various engines and a choice of fixed or retractable undercarriage.  The first prototype, a R.3140, a four-seater powered by a Lycoming O-320 flew on 8 December 1980, with the second prototype flying on 2 June 1981. 

The R.3140 is a single-engined, low-wing monoplane with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage. Its wings have a similar planform to the earlier wooden Robins such as the DR400, with tapered outer wing sections. But unlike the cranked wings of these earlier aircraft, the wings of the R.3140 have constant dihedral. A forward sliding canopy covers a four-seat cockpit, while the aircraft is fitted with a distinctive T-tail.

Operational history
In 1983, a marketing agreement was reached between Avions Robin and SOCATA, the light aircraft subsidiary of Aérospatiale to market the R 3000 series.  This led to the planned higher power versions being abandoned, with engines limited to 119 kW (160 hp) or less to avoid competition with Socata's own TB series. The R.3140 received its type certificate on 13 October 1983.

32 had been built by the start of 1988, when the marketing agreement with SOCATA was stopped. Production continued after Robin was sold to Aéronautique Service  (later to become Apex Aircraft) in mid-1988, with 76 delivered by 1998.

Variants
R3000/100
Two-seat version with 86 kW (115 hp) Lycoming O-235.
R3000/120
Three seat version powered by 86 kW (115 hp) Lycoming O-235-L2A. Originally named R.3120. Production ended 1987.
R3000/140
Four seat version powered by 119 kW (160 hp) Lycoming O-320-D2A engine.  Originally named R.3140.
R3000/160
Four seater powered by 119 kW (160 hp) Lycoming O-360-A3A engine.

Specifications (R 3000/140)

Notes

References

Barnett, Cliff. "T-tails from Dijon:Flight Test Robin R.3140". Flight International, 12 March 1983. pp. 659–662.
Blech, Robin and Janice Lowe. "Tour de France". Flight International, 4 May 1985. pp. 20–24.
Donald, David (ed.).The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft Leicester:Blitz, 1997. .
Taylor, John W. R.. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982-83. Jane's Publishing Company. London. 1983. 
Taylor, John W.R. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Information Group, 1988. .
 Lambert, Mark (ed.). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. .
 Taylor, Michael J.H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London:Brassey's, 1999. .

External links

Airliners.net

1980s French civil utility aircraft
R 3000
T-tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1980
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Maharashtra Airport Development Company. Maharashtra Airport Development Company Limited abbreviated as (MADC), is a Special Purpose Company constituted in 2002 by the Government of Maharashtra (GoM) to plan, construct, operate and maintain airports in the State. The government has entrusted MADC the task of developing three `greenfield' and six `brownfield' airports, and a heliport at Gadchiroli.
MADC was also to play a lead role in the planning and implementation of the Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN) project,

In April 2017, a report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) criticised the MADC for not developing a single airport in the state due to absence of a long-term plan, despite 14 years of its existence. The report also stated that Grants given by the state government for development of airports were lying unused, thus "blocking up" the public money.

Keeping in mind all the key objectives, MADC was formed with equity participation from City and Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (CIDCO), Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT), Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation Ltd. (MSRDC) and the Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC). The master plan of MIHAN consists of a Special Economic Zone comprising an Information Technology City, a Health City, a Captive Power Plant and other Manufacturing and Value Added units.

Other projects

Existing airports
The MADC has been tasked with developing some existing airports in  Non-Metropolitan regions of Maharashtra. These are :
 Amravati Airport 
 Chandrapur Airstrip
 Dhule Airport
 Jalgaon Airport
 Karad Airport 
 Phaltan Airstrip 
 Solapur Airport

The remaining airports in the State of Maharashtra continue to remain under the jurisdiction of the MIDC.

Greenfield airports

The Government has approved proposals for developing three greenfield airports. 
 Shirdi Airport
 Chhatrapati Sambhaji Raje International Airport near Purandhar in Pune district
 Boramani International Airport in Solapur

See also
 MADC-Official Website
 Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN)
 Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT)
 Nagpur
 Vidarbha
 Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC)
 Airports Authority of India (AAI)
 Nagpur Airport

References

External links
 The Gazette of India, SEZ Act 2005

Economy of Nagpur
Vidarbha
Proposed infrastructure in Maharashtra
State agencies of Maharashtra
2002 establishments in Maharashtra
Indian companies established in 2002
OTW. OTW may refer to:

 "OTW" (DJ Luke Nasty song), 2016
 "OTW" (Khalid, Ty Dolla Sign and 6lack song), 2018
 Ones to Watch, an American music blog
 Organization for Transformative Works, a non-profit fan activist organization
 Ottawa language (ISO 639-3 language code)
 Meyers OTW, an American training biplane built by the Meyers Aircraft Company from 1936 to 1944
 Opérateur de transport de Wallonie (Transport Operator of Wallonia), a transport operator in Wallonia, Belgium.

See also
Off the Wall (disambiguation)
Borane dimethylsulfide. Borane dimethylsulfide (BMS) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is an adduct between borane molecule () and dimethyl sulfide molecule (). It is a complexed borane reagent that is used for hydroborations and reductions. The advantages of BMS over other borane reagents, such as borane-tetrahydrofuran, are its increased stability and higher solubility. BMS is commercially available at much higher concentrations than its tetrahydrofuran counterpart (10 M) and does not require sodium borohydride as a stabilizer, which could result in undesired side reactions. In contrast,  requires sodium borohydride to inhibit reduction of THF to tributyl borate (). BMS is soluble in most aprotic solvents.

Preparation and structure
Although usually purchased, BMS can be prepared by absorbing diborane into dimethyl sulfide: 

It can be purified by bulb to bulb vacuum transfer. Although a structure of BMS has not been determined crystallographically, (pentafluorophenyl)-borane dimethylsulfide (), has been examined by X-ray crystallography. The boron atom adopts a tetrahedral molecular geometry.

Reactions

Hydroborations
Due to the experimental ease of its use, BMS has become common in hydroboration reactions. In hydroborations with BMS, the dimethylsulfide dissociates in situ, liberating diborane, which rapidly adds to the unsaturated bonds. The resulting organoborane compounds are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Boranes add to alkenes in an anti-Markovnikov fashion and allow conversion of alkynes to the corresponding cis-alkenes.

Reductions
BMS has been employed for the reduction of many functional groups. Reductions of aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, esters, and carboxylic acids give the corresponding alcohols. Lactones are reduced to diols, and nitriles are reduced to amines. Acid chlorides are not reduced by BMS.

Borane dimethylsulfide is one of the most common bulk reducing agents used in the Corey–Itsuno reduction. The dimethylsulfide ligand attenuates the reactivity of the borane. Activation by the nitrogen of the chiral oxazaborolidine catalyst of the stoichiometric reducing agent allows for asymmetric control of the reagent. In general BMS does not lead to significantly greater enantiomeric selectivities than borane-THF, however its increased stability in the presence of moisture and oxygen makes it the reagent of choice for the reduction.

Safety
Borane dimethylsulfide is flammable and reacts readily with water to produce a flammable gas. It also has an unpleasant smell.

References

Boranes
Reagents for organic chemistry
Foul-smelling chemicals
VR Class Sm4. The Sm4 electric multiple unit (EMU) is a low-floor train used by the VR Group for longer-distance Helsinki commuter rail services. The initial order was for ten EMUs with the first unit entering service in 1999. Another 20 units were ordered in 2002 and the deliveries were completed in 2005. The Spanish company CAF was contracted to manufacture the units, based on a design by Fiat Ferroviaria (later acquired by Alstom). The train has the nickname of pupu, meaning bunny in English.

Features
The Sm4 EMU consists of two powered cars, each equipped with a pantograph. The unit is capable of regenerative braking and can thereby save up to 30% of the electrical energy that would otherwise be consumed. The maximum speed is . The unit offers a good level of passenger comfort with a quiet and smooth ride quality. The Sm4 passenger compartments are fitted with air conditioning, CCTV cameras and display screens that can be used to show e.g. route information. The units have partly low floors with all of the entrances at platform level, and they are equipped with toilets accessible to the disabled. There are racks for bicycles in the entrance vestibules nearest to the driver's cabins.
Trains are usually formed of two units, but also only one and up to four in the peak hours, when traffic is too high to increase capacity by higher frequency of trains. This allows for a flexible handling of varying passenger traffic. The maximum number of connected units is five.

Routes
 

The Sm4 is designed for longer-distance trips than typical metro-like local services. The Sm4 units have largely replaced the older Sm1 and Sm2 units on commuter services from Helsinki to Riihimäki and Lahti. The units are also used in commuter traffic on the Tampere–Riihimäki and Riihimäki–Kouvola routes. The Sm4s were also  used for the shorter, frequently-stopping services because of the lack of more suitable low floor trains. The new Sm5 low floor trains that started to enter commercial service in November 2009 have completely replaced the Sm4 units on HSL commuter rail routes.

References

External links 
 

Multiple units of Finland
25 kV AC multiple units
CAF multiple units
Alstom multiple units
Alstom Coradia
Train-related introductions in 1999
Q4000. Q4000 is a multi-purpose oil field construction and intervention vessel ordered in 1999 by Cal Dive International, and was built at the Keppel AmFELS shipyard in Brownsville, Texas for $180 million. She was delivered in 2002 and operates under the flag of the United States. She is operated by Helix Energy Solutions Group. The original Q4000 concept was conceived and is owned by SPD/McClure. The design was later modified by Bennett Offshore, which was selected to develop both the basic and detailed design.

Q4000 has a column-stabilized semisubmersible design that combines dynamically positioned station-keeping with a large deck space, significant deck load capacity and a high transit speed of 12 knots. The vessel provides a stable platform for a wide variety of tasks, including subsea completion, decommissioning and coiled tubing deployment, and she is specifically designed for oil well intervention and construction in depths of up to 3000 meters of water.

Specifications
The design of the Q4000 includes the following features:
Dynamic positioning with 6 azimuthing thrusters
A multi-purpose Huisman designed three-sided tower capable of fulfilling all traditional derrick roles
Two Huisman cranes with lifting capacities of 160 and 360 Tonnes
Seabed access to 3048 meters
An 11.9 meter x 6.4 meter moonpool
A 7 3/8 inch intervention riser system (The vessel was refitted with a slimbore drilling capability in 2008).
A 3000-meter heavy weather ROV system
An overall deck capacity of 4,000 tonnes

Deepwater Horizon spill response

Q4000 was in the Gulf of Mexico participating in the response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.  The vessel was used to position the large containment dome and also to attempt the "top kill" in which large quantities of drilling mud were pumped down the Q4000 drilling pipe into the failed Deepwater Horizon blowout preventer valve (BOP) in an attempt to stop the flow of oil.  Both attempts failed to stop the oil leaking from the well.  After removal of the failed riser and drill pipe on the Horizon BOP, a capping stack sealed the top of the well on July 15, 2010, stopping the flow of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The Q4000 was used in a successful static kill procedure, where mud, followed by cement, was pumped into the well, sealing the leak at the source. The Deepwater Horizon BOP was secured on the deck of the Q4000 around 10:20pm on September 4, 2010. The failed Deepwater Horizon BOP was collected as key evidence into the investigation of the causes of the oil spill.

References

External links
 Q4000 current position at VesselTracker

2002 ships
Semi-submersibles
Service vessels
Ann Saterbak. Ann Saterbak is a Professor of Biomedical engineering and Engineering Design and Communication at Duke University, and is a co-author of Bioengineering Fundamentals. She formerly worked at Rice University, also as a Professor of Biomedical engineering. 

Saterbak holds a B.A. in Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry from Rice University (1990) and a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1995).

Saterbak is a recipient of the Robert G. Quinn Award, presented by the American Society for Engineering Education.

Selected publications

 Cano, M. L., A. Saterbak, R. van Compernolle, M. P. Williams, M. E. Huot, I. A. Rhodes, C. C. Allen "A Laboratory Batch Reactor Test for Assessing Nonspeciated Volatile Organic Compound Degradation in Activated Sludge."  Water Environment Research, 75(4) (2003): 342–354.
 Volz, T. M., A. Saterbak. Students′ Strengths and Weaknesses in Evaluating Technical Arguments Revealed through Implementing Calibrated Peer Review in a Bioengineering Laboratory. Across the Disciplines, accepted for publication, 2008.

References

External links
Rice faculty page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Rice University alumni
Rice University faculty
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Living people
John T. Daniels. John Thomas Daniels Jr. (July 31, 1873 – January 31, 1948) was a member of the U.S. Life-Saving Station in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, who took the photograph of the first powered flight on December 17, 1903.  The flight was by the Wright brothers flying their Wright Flyer. Daniels, who had never seen a camera before, later said that he was so excited by seeing the Flyer rising that he was unsure if he had squeezed the bulb triggering the shutter. The camera that he operated was a Gundlach Korona V view camera, which used 5-by-7-inch glass-plate negatives.  The camera was owned by the Wright brothers, who were careful to record the history-making moment, and also to preserve a record for any future patent claims. The plate was not developed until the Wright Brothers returned to Ohio.

The Wrights made four flights that day; three were photographed: the first, third and fourth. After the Wright Flyer was hauled back from the fourth flight, a powerful gust of wind caught it. Daniels grabbed a strut in an attempt to hold down the aircraft, but he was caught between the wings as the Flyer flipped end over end. Daniels was not seriously hurt, but the Flyer was destroyed with even the engine block split in half. Daniels would tell the story of the day he "survived the first airplane crash" for the remainder of his life.

Life-Saving Stations were located along U.S. coastlines to provide emergency rescues for crew and passengers of ships foundering offshore. Members of stations were typically known as "surfmen". The service was merged in 1915 into the new U.S. Coast Guard.  Daniels retired from the Coast Guard in 1918.

In 1913, a decade after his famous photo, an older cousin of his, Josephus Daniels, became Secretary of the Navy, and later, Ambassador to Mexico, while earlier in life he had been a newspaper editor and publisher, gaining a controlling interest in the Raleigh News & Observer.

Daniels died January 31, 1948, one day after Orville Wright's death.

Anniversary events
In 2003, Daniels' granddaughter participated in the 100th anniversary First Flight Ceremonies at Kill Devil Hills, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

On December 17, 2012, the great-grandniece of the Wright Brothers, Kate Jameson (through their niece Leontine Wright, daughter of their brother Lorin, later Jameson) reunited with the great-grandson of photographer John T. Daniels, also named John Daniels.

See Also
John T. Daniels House

References

External links
"Series V Korona" camera used to take the photos on December 17, 1903 on display at Carillon Historical Park
Retired Captain John T. Daniels at wreath laying ceremonies at The Wright Brothers National Memorial December 18, 1941
1938 photograph of John T. Daniels right, with Adam Etheridge on dedication day for Wright Brothers house and bicycle shop at Henry Ford Museum/Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan

1873 births
1948 deaths
20th-century American photographers
Place of birth missing
Wright brothers
People from Dare County, North Carolina
Photographers from North Carolina
United States Life-Saving Service personnel
Avient Aviation Flight 324. On 28 November 2009 at 08:12 (UTC+8), Avient Aviation Flight 324, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11F, registration Z-BAV (c/n 48408) operated by Avient Aviation departing Shanghai Pudong International Airport destined for Manas International Airport, near Bishkek, crashed during its takeoff roll with the loss of three lives.

Aircraft 

The aircraft was acquired from San Francisco-based Pegasus Aviation, an aircraft lessor. Delivered in 1990, this MD-11 was the first owned by Pegasus to be leased to Korean Airlines as a passenger airliner and then converted to a freighter in 1995, with the registration HL7372. On 9 January 2002, the plane had suffered a minor incident where its tail hit the ground during loading in Sydney Airport. The plane was returned to Pegasus in 2004. From 2005 to 2009 it was leased to Varig Logística of Brazil. It was the sistership of HL7373, the MD-11F which crashed in Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport due to pilot error when operating Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316 in 1999.

Avient Aviation took delivery of Z-BAV on 20 November 2009, eight days before the crash.

Incident 
As the aircraft rotated for departure, the tail struck the ground, and the aircraft then overshot the end of the runway, crashed and landed on top of a warehouse near the runway. The plane was written off.

This was the first accident that took place in Shanghai Pudong International Airport.

Crew members were from the United States (4), Indonesia (1), Belgium (1) and Zimbabwe (1).

Investigation 

Official investigation reports have been difficult to acquire over the years; on 28 February 2020, an English translation of a "brief abstract" of a Chinese investigation became publicly available. According to this translated abstract, the thrust levers were never advanced to takeoff position, and the autothrust never transitioned to takeoff mode. The crew perceived through physical cues that thrust was abnormally low, but neither identified the problem nor took any corrective action. Simulations seemed to indicate that with timely corrective action, recovery and prevention of the accident was possible. Fatigue was suspected to be a contributing factor for all crew members, many suffering jetlag from lengthy travel and numerous time zone transitions to position themselves for the accident flight.

References

Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-11
Aviation accidents and incidents in China
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
2009 in Shanghai
November 2009 in China
Disasters in Shanghai
Aviation accidents and incidents involving runway overruns
Dielectric Shader. The Dielectric Physical Phenomenon Shader is a shader used by the LightWave and Mental Ray 3D rendering engines.  It is based on a dielectric model of physics, which describes how electromagnetic fields behave inside materials. The dielectric shader is able to realistically render the behavior of light rays passing through materials with differing refractive indices, as well as attenuation of the ray as it passes through a material.

The shader uses Fresnel equations to simulate reflectance and transmittance of light passing through the dielectric interface, as well as using Snell's law to determine the angle of refraction. In addition Beer's law is used to determine absorption of rays passing through dielectric materials.

Two types of dielectric interfaces are supported:
dielectric-air between a dielectric material and air.
dielectric-dielectric between two dielectric materials.

Gallery

References

3D graphics software
Fusing. Fusing, as a joining process, may refer to:

Fusing (manufacturing), type of manufacturing process for joining or terminating electrical magnet wire
Stained glass fusing, technique used to join glass pieces together

Fusing as a place may refer to:
Fusing, Changhua, Taiwan
Fuxing District, Handan, district of Handan, Hebei, China
Fuxing District, Taoyuan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

See also 
Fuse (disambiguation)
Fusion (disambiguation)
Watkinson Dingbat. The Watkinson Dingbat was a 1930s British ultralight monoplane designed by E.T. Watkinson and C.W. Taylor.

Design and development

The Dingbat, otherwise known as the Taylor Watkinson Ding-Bat, was a low-wing monoplane powered by a  Carden-Ford engine. It had a single-seat open cockpit and a fixed conventional landing gear. It was built at Teddington in Middlesex and registered G-AFJA it was first flown at Heston Aerodrome in June 1938.

It was stored during the Second World War, but restored to flying condition in 1959. After a crash in 1975, it was rebuilt, and was still registered in 2010.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s British civil utility aircraft
Ultralight aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Bernhard Rohloff. Bernhard Felix Rohloff (21 February 1950 – 19 May 2023) was a German businessman who was the founder of Rohloff AG, and the inventor of several innovative products, amongst others, the 14 speed Rohloff Speedhub 500/14 planetary gear hub.

Rohloff studied machine engineering at Olympia while working part-time at Henschel und Thyssen, a German locomotive manufacturer. After graduation, he worked at Mercedes-Benz with the development of automobile driveshafts.

Rohloff AG
Later he struck out on his own and founded Rohloff AG, where he first invented an advanced narrow chain that soon became the industry standard for road-bikes and was used by several Tour de France winners, and the manufacturing methods therefore. He personally designed "the green beast", a proprietary machine for manufacturing SLT-99 chains. Rohloff AG became an OEM chain manufacturer for Campagnolo.

Rohloff Speedhub 500/14
In the early 90s, Rohloff began the development of the Rohloff Speedhub 500/14, which was subsequently patented and released into the market in 1998. It is the only gear hub on the market (together with the new 14-speed Kindernay XIV) with more than 11 speeds. The gear hub is manufactured and assembled by hand in the company's premises in Hessen, Germany.

Death
Rohloff died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 19 May 2023, at the age of 73.

References

1950 births
2023 deaths
Mountain bike innovators
Engineers from Hesse
20th-century German inventors
Businesspeople from Hesse