omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Annick Loiseau. Annick Loiseau (born 1957) is a French physicist who is a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials. She was the first woman to be appointed to the French national aerospace laboratory,ONERA. Her research considers low-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron nitride. In 2006 she was awarded the CNRS Silver Medal.

Early life and education 
Loiseau studied at Chimie ParisTech. During the end of her studies she completed an internship at the Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA) solid-state physics laboratory. She moved to the Paris-Sud University for her doctoral studies.

Research and career 
Loiseau joined the faculty at ONERA, where she worked on high-resolution electron microscopy, which she developed to study metal alloys. In 1992 she became interested in carbon nanotubes, which had recently been discovered by Sumio Iijima. She started to work on graphene and carbon nanotubes, and eventually led the Graphene-Nanotube Research Group.

In 1996 Loiseau became the first woman to be appointed research director at ONERA. She has focused on transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEM–EELS).  Her current research activities focus on synthesis and study of the structural, optical and electronic properties of nanomaterials by optical spectroscopy and TEM-EELS 

Loiseau has been involved in the Graphene Flagship since its start in 2013 and is a current member of its executive board.

Awards and honours 

 1988 Grand Prix Aluminum Pechiney of the Academy of Sciences
 1995 Chimie ParisTech metallurgy medal
 1999  of the Société Française de Physique 
 2006 CNRS Silver Medal
 2011 Legion of Honour

Selected publications

Journal articles

Books

References 

1957 births
French physicists
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Living people
Chimie ParisTech alumni
RSS Endeavour. Endeavour (210) is the fourth ship of the Endurance-class landing platform dock of the Republic of Singapore Navy.

Development 
The navy's intention to purchase the Endurance-class was revealed by former Defence Minister Dr. Tony Tan during his visit to Tuas Naval Base on 3 August 1996. These ships were to replace the five ex-United States Navy (USN) County-class LSTs, which were acquired by Singapore from the United States in the 1970s. ST Marine was awarded the government contract to design and build the four ships – a significant milestone for the local defence and shipbuilding industries given the scale and extensiveness of the programme.

Construction and career
She was laid down in 1998 and launched on 12 February 2000. She was commissioned on 7 April 2001 with the hull number 210.

Two additional SAF task groups have been deployed to the Gulf of Aden; RSS Endurance from June to October 2010 and Endeavour from August 2011.

Gallery

References

External links

Endurance-class landing platform docks
Ships built in Singapore
2000 ships
Batya Friedman. Batya Friedman is an American professor in the University of Washington Information School. She is also an adjunct professor in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering and adjunct professor in the Department of Human-Centered Design and Engineering, where she directs the Value Sensitive Design Research Lab. She received her PhD in learning sciences from the University of California, Berkeley School of Education in 1988, and has an undergraduate degree from Berkeley in computer science and mathematics.

Work 
Friedman is known for pioneering value sensitive design (VSD), an approach to account for human values in the design of information systems.

Currently, Friedman is the Co-Director of Value Sensitive Design Lab, and was the former Co-Director of the UW Technology Policy Lab.

Awards 
 2021 ACM Fellow
 "Gilles Hondius Fellow" - Technical University of Delft, 2020
 Honorary Doctorate - Technical University of Delft, 2020
 ACM SIGCHI Academy - ACM SIGCHI, 2019
 Induction into Membership - ACM SIGCHI Academy, 2019
 Social Impact Award - ACM SIGCHI, 2012
 Multi-disciplinary Privacy Paper Award, 2010
 Multi-disciplinary Privacy Paper Award, Honorable Mention, 2010
 Best Paper Award, Organizational Systems Track - HCISS, 2002
 TAP: ACM list of notable female computer scientists, 1997

Selected publications 

 Friedman, B., & Hendry, D. G. (2019). Value sensitive design: shaping technology with moral imagination. Cambridge, MA. MIT Press. 
 Friedman, B. (2008). Value Sensitive Design. In D. Schuler, Liberating Voices: A Pattern Language for Communication Revolution (pp. 366–368). The MIT Press 
 Friedman, B., & Hendry, D. (2012). The envisioning cards: a toolkit for catalyzing humanistic and technical imaginations. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1145–1148.
 Friedman, B. (2004). Value Sensitive Design. In W. S. Bainbridge (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human-computer Interaction (pp. 769–774). Berkshire Publishing Group. 
 Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H. (2003). Human values, ethics, and design. In A. Sears, J. A. Jacko, & S. Garfinkel, The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications (2nd ed., pp. 1241–1266). CRC Press.
 Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H. (2000). New directions: a value-sensitive design approach to augmented reality. Proceedings of DARE 2000 on Designing Augmented Reality Environments, 163–164. 
 Friedman, B. (1996, December 1). Value-sensitive design. ACM interactions, 3(6), 16–23.
 Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H. (1992). Human agency and responsible computing: Implications for computer system design. Journal of Systems and Software, 17(1), 7–14.

References

External links 

Friedman's UW faculty profile page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Information systems researchers
American information theorists
American women computer scientists
21st-century American women scientists
2021 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
UC Berkeley Graduate School of Education alumni
University of Washington faculty
Artificial intelligence ethicists
Information ethicists
Katharina Landfester. Katharina Landfester is a German chemist who is a professor at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research. Her research considers the physical properties of droplets, polymerisation in emulsion and the synthesis of nanoparticles.

Early life and education 
Landfester studied chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt and graduated in 1993. During her undergraduate degree she was a research intern at the École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux (then Ecole d’Application des Hauts Polymères). She joined the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research as a graduate student, where she worked with Hans W. Spiess on the characterisation of polymers using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. She moved to the United States as a postdoctoral researcher, where she joined Lehigh University. She returned to Germany, where she joined the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces and oversaw the emulsion group.

Research and career 
Landfester joined the University of Ulm as a full professor and head of the Department of Organic Chemistry. Whilst at the university, she started to explore materials for biomedical applications, with a focus on better understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with cellular compartments. By 2008 she had been appointed director of the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research.

Landfester has studied colloids with precisely controlled physical properties. Colloids are particles suspended in a liquid, and can permit the encapsulation of therapeutic and self-healing agents as well as the creation of specific nanostructures. She is interested in the creation of protocells – vesicular structures that are generally considered the minimal units of synthetic biology – from self-assembled block copolymers. These block copolymers contain permeable nanocontainers that can act as cell-like functions.

Awards and honours 
 2001 Reimund Stadler prize
 2002 University of Potsdam Habilitation in Physical Chemistry
 2002 Member of the Junge Akademie
 2010 Elected to AcademiaNet
 2011 Elected member of Acatech

Selected publications

References 

German women chemists
German women scientists
Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research people
Lehigh University people
1969 births
Living people
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Max Planck Institute directors
Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk. The Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk MK II is an American homebuilt, two seater, single-engine, pusher monoplane, manufactured by Aero Dynamics Limited. It was designed by former Boeing design engineer Charles "Chuck" Herbst.

Design and development
The Sparrow Hawk is a twin boom, twin fin, ultralight aircraft built with mixed construction materials most notably including Kevlar, carbon fiber and polyurethane foam. It uses a Rotax 532 two-stroke aircraft engine in pusher configuration. It employs a cantilever, shoulder wing, fixed landing gear and a two-seat enclosed cockpit.

In 2022, Sparrow Hawk Aviation Ltd announced that they had plans to redesign and improve the Sparrow Hawk, though no redesigns have been made to the aircraft design yet.

Operational history
The Sparrow Hawk had its official public debut in July 1985 at the EAA Annual Convention and Fly-In, as two Sparrow Hawks, registered as N5793F and N5832M, attended. The manufacturer and model of N5793F is recorded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as an "Ultralight Aircraft Ltd Sparrow Hawk Mk II", while N5832M is recorded as an "Aero Dynamics Ltd Sparrow Hawk MkII".

A Sparrow Hawk (registered N8728A) was displayed at the Air Display and Air Races event at Cranfield Aerodrome in the United Kingdom, on 20 September 1987. The same aircraft was exhibited at the SBAC-organized Farnborough Airshow in September 1988.

Known aircraft on display
Oakland Aviation Museum - Sparrow Hawk N23SH.

Specifications

References 

Shoulder-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Aero Dynamics Limited aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Leyla Soleymani. Leyla Soleymani is a scientist and Canada Research Chair at McMaster University's faculty of engineering. Her research includes the development of advanced materials for biosensing and repellent surfaces.

Biography 
Soleymani received her Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Toronto in 2010 under the mentorship of Ted Sargent. Her dissertation was entitled "Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids using an Electronic Chip".

In 2019, Soleymani developed a plastic wrap that repels pathogens such as the superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from surfaces. In 2020, this wrap is being adapted for halting the spread of COVID-19.

References 

Canadian women engineers
Academic staff of McMaster University
University of Toronto alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Xanthippi Markenscoff. Xanthippi Markenscoff is a Greek-American mechanical engineer specializing in the dynamics of defects and dislocations in materials, including Eshelby's inclusion; other topics in her research have included grasping and fixturing, and the relation between strain and natural frequency. She is a distinguished professor emerita in the Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, San Diego.

Education and career
After earning a diploma in civil engineering at the National Technical University of Athens, Markenscoff completed her Ph.D. at Princeton University.

She was an assistant professor at Virginia Tech from 1974 to 1976 and then, after temporary positions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brown University, and Alcoa, moved to Carnegie Mellon University in 1978 and again to the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1981, where she was promoted to full professor in 1987. In 1988 she took her present position at the University of California, San Diego. She became a distinguished professor there in 2013.

Recognition
Saint Petersburg State University in Russia gave Markenscoff an honorary doctorate in 1997. She is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and was named a Fellow of the Society of Engineering Science in 2002.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Greek engineers
Greek women engineers
National Technical University of Athens alumni
Princeton University alumni
Virginia Tech faculty
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of California, San Diego faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Cationization of cotton. Cationization of cotton is an electro kinetic phenomena ( zeta potential and electro kinetic) for surface charge of cotton. The cotton surface is charged with negative ions. Cationization alters the characterization of the surface of the cotton which allows salt free dyeing and improves the dye ability of cotton. The process involves the chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents with cellulose.

Etymology 
A cation (+) (/ˈkætˌaɪ.ən/), from the Greek word κάτω (káto), meaning "down", is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. The suffixes for cationic groups discern between 'ylium' for cations created by the loss of a hydride ion and 'ium' for cations formed by addition of a Hydron.

Methods of cationization 
Cationization involves the modification of cellulosic macromolecules with positively charged sites with chemical reaction of cationic reactive agents for example with Quaternary ammonium cation or using (3-chloro-2-hydroxylpropyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CHPTAC).

Advantages 

Cotton possesses a negative surface charge, while reactive and direct dyes also carry a negative charge. The like charges repel each other, and the addition of salt aids in dyeing by generating a positive charge on the cotton surface. The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton cationization is one of the most effective solutions to the aforementioned problem.

Cationization of cotton enables salt free dyeing and enhances the dyeability of the substrate with anionic dyes such as reactive dyes and direct dyes. Water and salt consumption are one of the major problems in the dyeing especially cotton which leads to substantial environmental impact with extra time and cost. Secondly washing off the residual salt is also important for washing fastness properties, which needs more washing baths. Cationization of cotton reduces the effluent, TDS load and water consumption in comparison to the conventional dyeing processes.

See also 
 Quaternary ammonium cation

References

External links 
 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10098-017-1425-y

Cotton
Textile chemistry
Properties of textiles
Bangladesh Railway Class 3000. Bangladesh Railway Class 3000 is a class of meter-gauge diesel-electric locomotives operated by Bangladesh Railway. This is the latest and most modern meter gauge locomotive class of the Bangladesh Railway. These locos could be used on broad gauge track also by changing bogies.

Builders details 
In the 1960s, some shunting locos entered the fleet of the then Eastern Bengal Railway as class/series-number 3000. The number of these locos were 11 probably. At present, none of them are active. None of them were preserved.

In 2020, 10 locos produced by Hyundai Rotem of South Korea under the license of Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) of USA, entered the fleet of Bangladesh. They were also given the 3000 series. Though in the first phase, 10 locos came, 20 more in the second phase and 70 more in the third phase are planned to come in Bangladesh. The newer locos are used for both passenger and freight trains.

Technical details 
The newer locos use the EMD 8-710G3A-T2 as prime mover. Their power is 2,200 hp and can achieve speed up to 110 km/h. The wheel arrangement is Bo1-1Bo (Each bogie having 2 powered axles & 1 unpowered inner axle) having total of 6 axles but only 4 traction motors. There are controversy regarding the model of Alternator used in the first 10 locomotives of the series, as Hyundai Rotem provided TA9-12CA9SE instead of TA12-CA9, which was to be provided as mentioned in the contract.

Classification and numbering 
The number-series/class of these locos is 3000. New locos are numbered from 3001 to 3010. First Shipment of the second phase 3011-3020 is also arrived in Bangladesh recently and under trial. Unlike 3001-3010 this 10 has Air Conditioned cab.  The class-name/specification of new locos is "MEI-20". Here, M = Meter-gauge, E = Diesel-electric, I = Hyundai Rotem and 20 = 22 × 100 = 2,000 hp (actually 2,200 hp). The class-name of old locos is unknown.

Liveries 

 Sky blue-yellow (new)

Gallery

Old Series

New Series

References

External links 

Diesel locomotives of Bangladesh
Electro-Motive Diesel locomotives
Metre gauge diesel locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2020
Xenocs. Xenocs is a scientific instrumentation company based in Grenoble, France, providing instruments, software and related services for x-ray characterization of materials, in particular Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS).

Xenocs products are typically used by universities, research institutes and corporate labs in projects focused on research, development and process optimization of a wide range of new materials. Application segments range from nanomaterials, polymers, food, consumer care, energy to biomaterials and pharmaceuticals.

As of September 2020, the Xenocs group reported 75 employees.

History 
Xenocs was founded in 2000 as a spin-off from Institut Laue Langevin in Grenoble, France, by Ian Anderson, Frédéric Bossan and Peter Høghøj, with the latter two forming the management team.

In 2001 the company moved to nearby Sassenage and set up facilities for production of X-ray, EUV and neutron optics. In 2002 it launched the FOX2D line of single reflection multilayer coated x-ray optics, followed in 2006 by the GeniX micro-focus x-ray source and the FOX3D aspheric multilayer coated x-ray optics building on a range of patents. In 2008 it launched products for (virtually) scatterless x-ray collimation, allowing for increased performance of SAXS equipment, leading to the launch of the Xeuss SAXS instrument product-line in 2010.

In 2014, Xenocs launched the Nano-inXider compact SAXS equipment at the IUCr conference in collaboration with CEA and Arkema. The same year was also the International Year of Crystallography and Xenocs co-organized the IUCr-UNESCO Open Factory held in December.

At the end of 2016, Xenocs acquired SAXSLAB with offices near Copenhagen, Denmark and Amherst, MA, USA. Xenocs combined their own Xeuss product line with the newly acquired SAXSLAB product lines and developed the Xeuss 3.0 SAXS/WAXS beamline and Xenocs XSACT software for data reduction and analysis.

References

External links 
 Official website

X-ray crystallography
X-ray equipment manufacturers
Privately held companies of France
French companies established in 2000
Campbell Model F. The Campbell Model F, a pusher configuration, two seat sport aircraft built in the 1930s, was unconventional in its day with its empennage on twin, slim booms, a cockpit under stepless, rounded, multi-panel glazing and a tricycle undercarriage.

Design and development

The Campbell Model A was an all metal aircraft. Its mid-set wing was built around single box spars with light fore and aft sections attached to them. These gave it a rectangular plan centre section and trapezoidal outer panels, ending in rounded tips. Long, narrow chord ailerons were mounted on the outer panels. There were flaps on the wing undersides near the trailing edges.

The Model F had a short, ovoid fuselage nacelle which just reached to the wing trailing edge. Its  adapted Ford V-8 engine was mounted on top of the nacelle on rubber blocks, positioned over the spar with its pusher propeller barely beyond the trailing edge. Its radiator was just aft of the roof of its cabin, which had streamlined, multi-panel glazing rather than a windscreen. The cabin seated two side by side, sharing a central throw-over control column for training. Each seat had rudder pedals that could be removed for a passenger.

The tail was carried on a pair of slim, monocoque booms from the spar at the ends of the inner wing panels, placed just far enough apart to accommodate the propeller disk. Its tailplane was rectangular in plan and the twin fins triangular in profile, respectively carrying a narrow chord elevator and blunted, rectangular rudders.

The main landing wheels, with hydraulic brakes, were each on a short axle with parallel Bendix shock absorber legs to the spar. There was a V-form drag strut reaching forward. Each leg was also the forward attachment point of a tapering girder on the tailboom underside. The fork-mounted nose-wheel was steerable from the rudder pedals.

Operational history

The Model F first flew in 1935, though the exact date is unknown. By 1937, if not earlier, it was making demonstration flights including one from Bolling Air Force Base. It was damaged in another demonstration and was not repaired.

Specifications

References

Single-engined pusher aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
1930s United States sport aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft