omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Preflight checklist. In aviation, a preflight checklist is a list of tasks that should be performed by pilots and aircrew prior to takeoff. Its purpose is to improve flight safety by ensuring that no important tasks are forgotten. Failure to correctly conduct a preflight check using a checklist is a major contributing factor to aircraft accidents.

History
According to researcher and writer Atul Gawande, the concept of a pre-flight checklist was first introduced by management and engineers at the Boeing Company following the 1935 crash of the prototype Boeing B-17 (then known as the Model 299) at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, killing both pilots. Investigation found that the pilots had forgotten to disengage the crucial gust locks (devices which stop control surfaces moving in the wind while parked) prior to take-off. Life magazine published the resulting lengthy and detailed B-17 checklist in its 24 August 1942 issue.

Crashes attributed to checklist failures
 On December 26, 1968, Pan Am Flight 799 (registration N799PA), a cargo flight in a Boeing 707-321C, crashed in Alaska immediately after departing, killing all three on board. Flaps were not in the proper takeoff position, partly as the result of distractions while following their taxi checklist. Despite the flap position being an important setting for takeoff, it did not appear on the Pan American pre-takeoff checklist.
 On May 26, 1987, a Continental Express flight, operated by Air New Orleans as flight 2962 (registration N331CY), crash landed just after takeoff from New Orleans International Airport. The plane crashed into eight lanes of traffic and subsequently injured two persons on the ground. Of the 11 occupants on board, there were zero fatalities. The NTSB cited "a breakdown of the crew coordination which resulted in their failure to comply with the Before Takeoff Checklist", noting the crewmembers lack of experience in the BAe-3101, and that they had attempted to use procedures that would have been correct in other aircraft they had flown.
 On August 16, 1987, Northwest Airlines Flight 255, a MD-82, crashed shortly after takeoff, killing 154 of 155 on board and two on the ground. The NTSB said "the probable cause of the accident was the flightcrew's failure to use the taxi checklist".
 Following a checklist would have  shown that the gust lock was engaged on the Gulfstream IV crash on May 31, 2014. The National Transportation Safety Board downloaded data from the aircraft's recorder and found it was a habit: 98% of the previous 175 takeoffs were made with incomplete flight-control checks. The National Business Aviation Association analyzed 143,756 flights in 2013-2015 by 379 business aircraft and only partial flight-control checks were done before 15.6% of the takeoffs and no checks at all on 2.03% of the flights.

FAR 121
The FAA's Federal Aviation Regulations explicitly requires a checklist for Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 121 operators (scheduled air carriers):

See also 
 Walk-around

References

Further reading
 
 

Checklists
Aviation publications
Aviation safety
Cell casting. Cell casting is a method used for creating poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets. Liquid monomer is poured between two flat sheets of toughened glass sealed with a rubber gasket and heated for polymerization. Because the glass sheets may contain surface scratches or sag during the process, this traditional method has some disadvantages: among other problems, the PMMA sheets may contain variations in thickness and surface defects. For many applications it has since been replaced by other methods for making PMMA such as extrusion, which gives uniform surface features. However, for applications where strength is critical cell casting techniques are still employed in conjunction with stretching, which produces a stronger overall material.

"Cell Casting - A process in which a casting liquid is poured between two plates, usually glass, that have a gasket between them to form a cell to contain the casting liquid; then the resin solidifies, usually through polymerization or crosslinking." - A. Brent Strong

References

Monomers
Yagai suigu. The Yagai-suigu ( field cooker) are movable cooking facilities equipped by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. They are used not only in field trainings but also in disaster relief operations.

Yagai-suigu I 

The Yagai-suigu I () is a cooking vehicle introduced in 1962 (Shōwa 37). It can serve rice for 600 people or misoshiru for 1500 people at once with its six kerosene-powered furnaces.

In 2004 Chūetsu earthquake, about 160 Yagai-suigu I were sent out from all around Japan to the Niigata Stadium to help afflicted people.

Yagai-suigu I Modified 
The Yagai-suigu I Modified () is a modified version of the Yagai-Suigu I. It equips automated igniter, electric generator, cold boxes, and faucets to supply water into the kettles. Due to its electrical equipments, the Yagai-suigu I Modified has poor waterproofness and must be used indoors when it rains.

Yagai-suigu II 
The Yagai-suigu II () is a set of three kerosene-powered furnaces and fuel tanks and has the ability to serve 50 people. Unlike the Yagai-suigu I, the Yagai-suigu II is not a vehicle.

Yagai-suigu II Modified 
Yagai-suigu II Modified () includes wheeled furnaces with automated igniters, kettles, fuel tanks, water pumps, cold boxes, and a power generator.

See also 
 Field kitchen

References

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
Gold chalcogenides. Gold chalcogenides are compounds formed between gold and one of the chalcogens, elements from group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.

Gold(III) oxide, Au2O3. Decomposes into gold and oxygen above 160 °C, and dissolves in concentrated alkalis to form solutions which probably contain the [Au(OH)4]− ion
Gold(I) sulfide, Au2S. Formed by reaction of hydrogen sulfide with gold(I) compounds.
Gold(III) sulfide, Au2S3, claimed material but unsubstantiated.
Gold tellurides: Au2Te3, Au3Te5, and AuTe2 (approximate formulas) are known as non-stoichiometric compounds. They show metallic conductivity. Au3Te5 is a superconductor at 1.62 K.

Gold telluride minerals, such as calaverite and krennerite (AuTe2), petzite (Ag3AuTe2), and sylvanite (AgAuTe2), are minor ores of gold (and tellurium). See telluride minerals for more information.

References

 

Gold compounds
Non-stoichiometric compounds
Sulfides
Tellurides

Transition metal oxides
The Science, Engineering & Technology Student of the Year Awards. The Science, Engineering & Technology Student of the Year Awards (SET Awards) were presented to outstanding undergraduate students in the United Kingdom yearly between 1998 and 2013. The award was open to students who were on a first-degree course at a university located within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as well as students from the Republic of Ireland. The awards were presented at a dinner in London among technology students, academics, industry executives, government leaders, and the media.

Categories 
Awards reflected the range of Science, Engineering & Technology degrees offered by UK and Irish universities. Each award was sponsored by a company, professional body, or other organisation with a particular interest in the field of the award.
 Best Aeronautical Engineering Student
 Best Biology & Biotechnology Student
 Best Chemical Engineering Student
 Best Chemistry Student
 Best Civil Engineering Student
 Best Computational Science Student
 Best Food, Nutrition & Health Student
 Best Electronic Engineering Student
 Best Information Technology Student
 Best Maritime Technology Student
 Best Materials Student
 Best Mathematics Student
 Best Mechanical Engineering Student
 Best Pharmacology Student
 Best Physics Student

The highest scoring student overall was declared the "Science, Engineering and Technology Student of the Year".

References

External links
 

British science and technology awards
Awards established in 1998
Student awards
Armstrong Whitworth Sissit. The Armstrong Whitworth Sissit, also known as the Armstrong Whitworth F.K.1, was a prototype single-engined biplane fighter aircraft of the First World War.  The first aircraft designed by Armstrong Whitworth, the Sissit was underpowered and only a single example was built.

Development and design
In 1913, the British War Office asked the engineering company Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd to manufacture aeroplanes and aircraft engines for the Army, and in response to that request, Armstrong Whitworth set up an aircraft department, hiring the Dutch designer Frederick Koolhoven, formerly chief engineer of British Deperdussin as chief designer.

Koolhoven's first design for Armstrong Whitworth was a small, single-seat, aircraft  intended as a scout aircraft. A single-bay tractor biplane, the Sissit, or F.K.1 was fitted with balanced elevators and no fixed tailplane.

Although designed for an  Gnome 7 Lambda rotary engine, only a  Gnome 7 Omega could be obtained.  Fitted with this engine, it was first flown by Koolhoven in September 1914, but proved to be underpowered, and was later modified with a fixed tailplane and enlarged ailerons. As greatly superior single seat scout aircraft such as the Sopwith Tabloid and Bristol Scout were already available, no further development of the Sissit took place.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

Bruce, J. M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957. 
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1992. .
Tapper, Oliver. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1914. London: Putnam, 1988. .

1910s British fighter aircraft
F.K.01
Aircraft first flown in 1914
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
LEDS-150. LEDS-150 Land Electronic Defence System is an active protection system, developed by Saab Avitronics, a South African subsidiary of the Swedish aerospace and defence company, Saab.

The system is able to counter most known threats against armored vehicles with soft and hard kill methods.

LEDS-150 consists of laser warning sensors, an ADC-150 Active Defence Controller, a number of MCTS Munition Confirmation and Tracking Sensors, and High-Speed Directed Launchers, HSDL, which allows the combination of soft- and hard-kill countermeasure deployment capability to the platform, optional displays, and interconnecting harnesses.

This system uses the Denel Dynamics Mongoose-1 missile to destroy the incoming threat in 5 to 15 meters distance from the protected vehicle.
LEDS-150 covers all 360 degrees azimuth; its elevation coverage is from -15 to +65 degrees.

The system has been integrated on the MOWAG Piranha armoured personnel carrier.

The South African Army has funded much of the development of this system.

External links 
Saab's official page for LEDS

References 

Armoured fighting vehicle equipment
Weapons countermeasures
Land active protection systems
Agpaitic rock. An agpaitic rock is a peralkaline igneous rock, typically nepheline syenite or phonolite. Characteristic minerals in these rocks include complex silicates containing zirconium, titanium, sodium, calcium, the rare-earth elements, and fluorine. Agpaites are unusually rich in rare and obscure minerals such as eudialyte, wöhlerite, loparite, astrophyllite, lorenzenite, catapleiite, lamprophyllite, and villiaumite (NaF). Sodalite is typically present, but not diagnostic.
Less alkaline igneous rocks in which zircon, titanite, and ilmenite are characteristic are called miaskitic.

Agpaitic rocks were first described for an occurrence in the Ilimaussaq complex of southwest Greenland in 1911. Agpaitic rocks are present in the Lovozero and Khibiny Massif complexes of the Kola Peninsula, in Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada, in addition to the type locality of Ilimaussaq.

References

Igneous rocks
Igneous petrology
Princeton Municipal Airport (Maine). Princeton Municipal Airport  is a town-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) south of the central business district of Princeton, a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.

Facilities and aircraft 
Princeton Municipal Airport covers an area of  at an elevation of 265 feet (81 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 15/33 with an asphalt surface measuring 4,004 by 100 feet (1,220 x 30 m). A second paved runway designated 06/24 is abandoned.

For the 12-month period ending July 31, 2007, the airport had 2,250 aircraft operations, an average of 187 per month: 98% general aviation and 2% air taxi. At that time there were 9 aircraft based at this airport: 78% single-engine and 22% ultralight.

See also
 List of airports in Maine

References

External links 
 
 

Airports in Washington County, Maine
BFW M.21. The BFW M.21 was a single-engined biplane trainer designed by Willy Messerschmitt for the German Ministry of Transport.  It was one of only two biplanes Messerschmitt designed, neither reaching production.

Design and development
During 1927, following the success of his M 18 airliner tried to gain funding from the Baverian government; because the latter were already subsiding BFW (Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke) they pressed for an arrangement whereby Willy Messerschmitt joined BFW on the understanding the company produced only his designs.  During these negotiations, completed on 8 September 1927, the Ministry of Transport put pressure on Messerschmitt to produce military aircraft.  This led to the only two biplanes Messerschmitt ever designed, the first of which was the BFW M.21, otherwise known as the Messerschmitt M 21.

It was a two-seat single-engined trainer of single bay biplane layout.  The wings, which folded for transport had parallel chord, no sweep and very little stagger and there were ailerons on both planes.  The upper wing had a rounded cut out for improved visibility from the rear cockpit; the forward cockpit was under the wing.  The fuselage was square sided with triangular upper decking behind the open cockpits and it tapered to the rear, making the generous fin and rudder appear even more prominent.  A conventional single axle plus tail skid undercarriage was fitted.

The M.21 was powered by an uncowled radial engine, either the 96 hp (72 kW) Siemens Sh 11  (M.21a) or the 125 hp (93 kW) Sh 12 (M.21b) driving a two-bladed propeller.  It first flew in 1928 but was not accepted for production, so only one was built.  This example, civil registered as D-1566 flew until 1933 with DVS GmbH, the German sport flying association.

Specifications (M.21b)

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Images and unsourced data
Unsourced data on M.21a

1920s German military aircraft
BFW aircraft
Information Technology Institute. The Information Technology Institute (ITI) is a national institute established in 1993 in Egypt specializing in IT.

The Information Technology Institute (ITI) is a national institute established in 1993 by the Egyptian Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC). It provides specialized software development programs to fresh graduates, as well as professional training programs and IT courses for the Egyptian Government, ministries, and local decision support centers. With the government’s objective of providing access and opportunity for all.
ITI followed by opening a second branch in Alexandria in 1996 to create greater coverage of its services, and recently in September 2007, ITI opened two other branches in Assiut and Mansoura to maintain and assist in the spreading of its training services.

ITI Management 
The board of trustees of ITI is headed by the Minister of Communications and Information Technology. The board members include experts from the MCIT, academia, and information and telecommunication companies.

References

External links 
 
 About IDSC

Information technology in Egypt
1993 establishments in Egypt
Universities in Egypt
Universities and colleges established in 1993
Information technology education
Uzbekistan GTL. Uzbekistan GTL (Oltin Yo'l GTL) is a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant in the Qashqadaryo Region, Uzbekistan.

History
Construction of a GTL plant in Uzbekistan was discussed between Uzbekneftegaz and Abu Dhabi's International Petroleum Investment Company in March 2008.  However, in April 2009 Uzbekneftegaz signed a heads of agreement for the GTL project with Sasol and Petronas.  On 15 July 2009, Sasol, Petronas, and Uzbekneftegaz signed an agreement to establish a joint venture for developing the GTL project.  The detailed feasibility study was conducted by Technip.  Technip also conducted the front end engineering design.

Work commenced after the 2016 Uzbekistan election.

Technical features
The plant will use the Sasol's slurry phase distillate process.  The annual capacity of the plant would be 1.3 million tonnes of petroleum products such as diesel, kerosene, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas.  The project is expected to cost US$5.6 billion. It is scheduled to be commissioned in 2021.

Ownership
The project is jointly developed by Sasol, Petronas, and Uzbekneftegaz.  Each partner will have an equal share in the joint venture.

References

Natural gas plants
Petroleum production
Synthetic fuel facilities
Energy infrastructure in Uzbekistan
Natural gas in Uzbekistan
Petroleum in Uzbekistan
Proposed energy infrastructure in Uzbekistan
Petronas
Double-sided painting. A double-sided painting is a canvas which has a painting on either side. Historically, artists would often paint on both sides out of need of material. The subject matter of the two paintings was sometimes, although not normally, related.

Restoring and displaying double-sided paintings can pose additional challenges for museums and galleries. When repairing canvases, restorers must ensure that their restoration efforts do not damage the image on either side. They must also use stretcher bars that do not obscure either side of the image, and they cannot use crossbars to help keep tension.

List of double-sided paintings 

 David and Goliath by Daniele da Volterra
 Portrait of the Dwarf Nano Morgante by Bronzino

References 

Painting techniques
Recrystallization (geology). In geology, solid-state recrystallization is a metamorphic process that occurs under high temperatures and pressures where atoms of minerals are reorganized by diffusion and/or dislocation glide. During this process, the physical structure of the minerals is altered while the composition remains unchanged. This is in contrast to metasomatism, which is the chemical alteration of a rock by hydrothermal and other fluids.

Solid-state recrystallization can be illustrated by observing how snow recrystallizes to ice. When snow is subjected to varying temperatures and pressures, individual snowflakes undergo a physical transformation but their composition remains the same. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that undergoes metamorphic recrystallization to form marble, and clays can recrystallize to muscovite mica.

References 

Geochemical processes
Metamorphic petrology
Instream use. Instream use refers to water use taking place within a stream channel.  Examples are hydroelectric power generation, navigation, fish propagation and use, and recreational activities.  Some instream uses, usually associated with fish populations and navigation, require a minimum amount of water to be viable.

The term is often used in discussions concerning water resources allocation and/or water rights.

See also
Water law
International trade and water

References 

Hydrology
Water resources management
List of RLM aircraft designations. This is a list of aircraft type numbers allocated by an institution under the direction of Heereswaffenamt (before May 1933) and the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) between 1933 and 1945 for German military and civilian aircraft and in parallel to the  list of German aircraft engines. See RLM aircraft designation system for an explanation of how these numbers were used.

There is no single "master list" applicable all the way from 1933 to 1945 - numbers were occasionally duplicated, reallocated, or re-used. Sources differ on the allocations.

Listing

0-100

101-200

201-300

301-400

401-

See also 
 RLM numbering system for gliders and sailplanes
 Japanese military aircraft designation systems

Notes

References
Heinz J. Nowarra's Die deutsche Luftrüstung 1933-1945 ("German Air Armament 1933-1945")

RLM
RLM aircraft designations, List of
RLM
Carrozzeria Colli. The Milanese coachbuilder Carrozzeria Colli was established by Giuseppe Colli in 1931 and included his four sons, Mario, Candido, Beniamino and Tarcisio.
The company was specialized in using aluminium its works. The first automobiles it made were racing cars using Fiat 1100 mechanicals and chassis, also Fiat 500, Lancia Astura and Aprilia were used as basis. During the World War II the company worked for airforces and after the war made car bodies.  After the war they made a couple of Alfa Romeo 6C 2500SS, (Fiat 6C 1500cc)  Lancia Aprilia based cars and for the 1947 Villa d'Este a Fiat 500 barchetta. 

Colli made one very special prototype in 1946, the Aerauto PL.5C roadable aircraft. From the 1950s it worked with Alfa Romeo making cars such as the 6C 3000CM and its own single variant of Disco Volante. The company also converted Alfa Romeo Giuliettas and Giulias into estate cars in the 1960s.
In 1955 Colli constructed the very shortly used Arzani-Volpini Formula One car utilising a twin-supercharged Maserati 1500 inline-four engine.

Colli made car bodies until 1973.

References 

Coachbuilders of Italy
Milan motor companies
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1931
Italian companies established in 1931
Italian brands
Aix. Aix or AIX may refer to:

Computing 
 AIX, a line of IBM computer operating systems
Alternate index, for an IBM Virtual Storage Access Method key-sequenced data set
Athens Internet Exchange, a European Internet exchange point

Places

Belgium
Aix-sur-Cloie, in Wallonia

France
Aix-en-Provence, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department
Aix, Corrèze
Aix-en-Diois, in the Drôme department
Aix-en-Ergny, in the Pas-de-Calais department
Aix-en-Issart, in the Pas-de-Calais department
Aix-en-Othe, in the Aube department
Aix-en-Pévèle, in the Nord department
Aix-la-Fayette, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
Aix-les-Bains, in the Savoie department
Aix-Noulette, in the Pas-de-Calais department
Aixe-sur-Vienne, in the Haute-Vienne department
Île-d'Aix, island and commune of the Charente-Maritime department

Germany 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, or Aachen

United States
 Aix, Indiana
 Mount Aix, in Washington state

Other uses 
 Air India Express, an Indian airline
 Aircraft Interiors Expo, a trade fair in Germany
 Aix (bird), a genus of ducks
 Astana International Exchange, stock exchange in Nursultan, Kazakhstan supported by Astana International Financial Centre
 ISO 639-3 code for the Aigon language
 Hainai, a Native American tribe sometimes also spelled Aix

See also
 Armani Exchange (abbreviated A|X, with a vertical bar resembling the letter I)