omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Peter Englander. Dr Peter David Englander  (1951-2023)was the former chairman of Bridges Fund Management, a director of Apax Partners, chairman of its Approval Committee, member of the Investment and Exit Committee, and the chief executive of the Apax Foundation.

Early life
Englander won a Kennedy Scholarship to the MIT Sloan School of Management, from which he graduated with an M.S. in management. He received a B.S., with first class honors, in chemical engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. He subsequently obtained a Ph.D. from the London Business School in the area of economics of innovation.

Career
Englander joined Apax Partners in 1981 and was based in its office in London, United Kingdom. Englander specializes in investments in technology and telecommunications sectors. His deals on behalf of the firm include: Demon Internet, Dr Solomon's, Eyretel, QXL, and Waterstone. Overall, he has been associated with ten IPOs and 19 trade sales for the firm’s portfolio companies.

Previously, Englander worked for Air Products and then for the Boston Consulting Group for three years before joining the firm, when the first U.K. fund was raised. He is chairman of Bridges Ventures.

He served as a trustee of the Kennedy Memorial Trust.

Englander was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to charity and philanthropy.

Personal life
Peter was married and had three sons.

References

External links
, Profile in Business Week
, Profile in Apax Partners

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Alumni of London Business School
Apax Partners
British businesspeople
British philanthropists
Private equity and venture capital investors
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
EBW (rail company). The EBW group was a rail industry company consisting of several individual companies. It was declared insolvent in January 2010.

Group
The group's primary business was rail infrastructure and maintenance. The company also specialised in rail safety aspects of infrastructural work, specifically in terms of non-railway based workers performing construction tasks near or on main lines.

EBW Eisenbahn-bewachungs GmbH

EBW Eisenbahn-bewachungs was the main branch of the company, undertaking both financing and the rail freight operations of the group.

The freight operating company known as EBW cargo was headquartered in Würzburg, and focused on infrastructure trains, as well as leasing EBW owned locomotives and rolling stock (wagons), and organising and managing rail head fed site logistics.

IFE
IFE (Ingenieursleistungen für Eisenbahnen GmbH translation :"Engineering services for railways limited") was an
engineering firm - specialising in railway construction including catenary.

IAS
IAS GmbH was a maintenance company, providing services such as trackside vegetation management as well as landscape gardening.

VE-log
VE-log GmbH employsd approximately 60 people in the areas of land management, bulk materials and transportation, including recycling. Road transportation logistics is also performed by this company.

Rolling stock

Locomotives

EBW operated a number of rebuilt, former Deutsche Bahn locomotives.
 The three V270 class are rebuilt DB Class 221 locomotives. The locomotives are each either two Deutz TBD 620 V12 engines or two  MTU 12V 4000 engines R 41 R both of ~ each. Total  ~.
 Two V232/V230 (former DR Class 130 family locomotives) of ~  power, used for transportation of track laying machines as well as ballast and sleepers for railway track construction.
 10 remotorised DB Class V 100s, (company names V100, V130, V150) with installed power of between  and , forming the main part of EBW's locomotive fleet for transfer of construction materials to and from site
 3 DB Class V 60's (company name V60) for shunting work.

Wagons
The company holds and operates its own wagons - typically those designed for construction solids (with a typical capacity of ~40m3); designs suitable for moisture sensitive solids, conveyor belt and other controlled discharge methods are kept.

See also
 List of German railway companies

External links
 EBW-online Company website
 EBW-Cargo locomotives and shunters  images from railfaneurope.net
 EBW Cargo Fotos image gallery from bahnbilder.de
 InnoTrans 2004 - OMB/EBW Cargo: V200.1-Modernisierung Modernisation of ex Greek railways V200.1 for EVB. railfan.de

References

Private railway companies of Germany
Railway infrastructure companies
Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert. Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert (16 September 1797 – 31 March 1877) was a German businessman. Johann Wöhlert was born on 16 September 1797 in Kiel in north Germany. Trained as a joiner, in 1818 Wöhlert went to Berlin. Here he worked until 1836 at the engineering works of Franz Anton Egells and thereafter in the iron foundry and engineering works of August Borsig at Oranienburger Tor.

Business
In 1842 Wöhlert founded his own engineering works and iron foundry at Berlin's Chausseestrasse No. 29, where he manufactured locomotives. In 1872 the concern became a public limited company (Aktiengesellschaft). This went bankrupt in 1879 – after his death.

Residences
During his time as an industrialist Wöhlert always lived near his factory:
 from 1836, during his time with August Borsig, he lived at Chausseestrasse 36,
 in 1842, the year his company was founded, he lived at Torstrasse 52,
 from 1844 he lived at Chausseestrasse 29.
In addition he acquired a summer residence in Hangelsberg/ Spree bei Fürstenwalde. There iron products from his factory can be seen in several buildings. The cross on the Hangelsberg church came from his foundry.

Death
Wöhlert died on 31 March 1877 in Berlin and was laid to rest in the Invalidenfriedhof cemetery in central Berlin.

Recognition
The street of Wöhlertstrasse, laid in 1888, which ran from Chausseestrasse to Pflugstrasse was named after him on 12 March 1889.

References 

1797 births
1877 deaths
German railway mechanical engineers
German railway entrepreneurs
Businesspeople from Berlin
Businesspeople from Kiel
Burials at the Invalids' Cemetery
Engineers from Berlin
Engineers from the Kingdom of Prussia
Gloster Goldfinch. The Gloster Goldfinch was a single-engined single-seat high-altitude biplane fighter of all-metal construction from the later 1920s.  It did not reach production and only one was built.

Development
In January 1926 the Air Ministry funded Gloster Aircraft to produce an all-metal version of their Gamecock for a high altitude fighter role, hence requiring a supercharged engine.  The result was the Goldfinch, a single-bay biplane with unequal span wings of marked stagger. Unsurprisingly, this aircraft had a strong similarity to the Gamecock and in particular to the Gamecock II with its narrow-chord ailerons.  Because of the supercharged engine the fuselage was longer forward of the cockpit.  The tail also was slightly different, the tailplane having rounded trailing tips and the fin, initially, was  very broad in chord and short in height.

Only one Goldfinch was built but there were two rather different versions.  The first build had all-metal wings but a fuselage of mixed metal and wood construction.  Both the wings and fuselage were fabric covered. The fuselage was then rebuilt entirely of metal, apart from its covering and lengthened.  The rebuild also brought a revised fin and rudder, with a narrower, higher fin of simpler overall shape.  Throughout, the Goldfinch was powered by a supercharged 450 hp (335 kW) Bristol Jupiter VIIF driving a 9 ft (2.74 m) two-bladed fixed-pitch propeller.

The Goldfinch first flew in May 1927, and in December it went to RAF Martlesham Heath for trials where it proved fast and high with a rapid climb rate, and generally good manoeverability, although spinning behaviour was substandard. Gloster's submitted it as a contender for Air Ministry specification F.9/26 for an all-metal day-and-night fighter, but it failed to meet the required load and fuel requirements and was eliminated quite early.  The Bristol Bulldog was the eventual winner, with the Goldfinch being used for trials at Martlesham Heath until October 1928.

Specifications

Notes

References

1920s British fighter aircraft
Goldfinch
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
BJ2022. The Beijing BJ2022 is a 1/2 or 3/4 ton 4×4 utility vehicle developed by Beijing Automobile Works and used by the PLA. The BJ2022 has been in production since 2005.

It's also referred as "Yongshi" or Brave Warrior. It was jointly developed by Beijing Auto Works and Chrysler.

History
The vehicle entered PLA service in August 2007.

Design and development

Initial bid for a successor vehicle to the BJ2020S were made in 1999. A concept vehicle was revealed in 2002. A couple of prototypes were made specially for the Chinese army. After finalizing the design, production of the BJ2022 began in 2005. Deliveries to the Chinese Army began in 2007. In 2009 due to financial troubles in the US the Chrysler left the joint venture and granted Beijing Auto Works the rights to continue production of this vehicle under its own name. Currently the BJ2022 is being produced in large numbers. It is the most widely used 4x4 vehicle in the Chinese army. It is also used by some paramilitary and law enforcement units.

The BJ2022 is based on a Jeep Cherokee, but is longer and wider. The new vehicle is larger and more spacious than the older BJ2020. It is used as a troop and cargo transport, command vehicle or reconnaissance vehicle.

A baseline BJ2022 has a fully enclosed 4-door body. This vehicle has a  payload capacity. It carries five soldiers, including the driver. Windscreen can be folded over the bonnet and top and side windows removed in order to reduce vehicle height. It has a trailer hitch and can tow light trailers or artillery pieces with a maximum weight of .

Other body types are also available. There are 4-door vehicles with open top, 2-door vehicles with hard top, 2-door pickup, and possibly some other. Some of them can carry up to 8 men, including the driver. These vehicles have  or  capacity, depending on the version. Payload capacity corresponds with the towed load. A lightly armored version has also been developed.

This vehicle is powered by a 3.0-liter turbocharged diesel engine, sourced from Nissan. It developed 140 hp. Civil versions are also available with a 2.7-liter petrol engine, also sourced by Nissan. Vehicle is fitted with a front-mounted self-recovery winch. It's also equipped with either GPS or GLONASS.

Operators

  
 : People's Liberation Army.
 :The government of the Dominican Republic received 8 BJ2022 vehicles and 140 motorcycles as a donation from the People's Republic of China.
 : Philippine Army bought through Public Bidding 49 BAW BJ2022 in the long wheelbase, pickup truck version.
 : BJ2022s reported to be spotted with Syrian troops.
 : Part of the mobile Command and Communication System of the Sri Lankan Army.

Gallery

See also 
 BJ212/BJ2020

References 

BAW vehicles
Military vehicles of the People's Republic of China
Military light utility vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s
Sport utility vehicles
Mid-size sport utility vehicles
Arthur Martin Graffis. Arthur Martin Graffis ("Mike")(October 13, 1885 in Logansport, Indiana – November 4, 1933) was an American automotive engineer, serving as Chief Engineer of Auburn Automobile (1915–1922) and as Chief Engineer (1922–1932) and Interim President (1930) of Elcar Automotive. During Elcar’s bankruptcy, A. M. Graffis (“Mike”) was appointed court trustee of Elcar’s assets. He led a two-year battle (1931–33) to attract investors and save the company, but was killed in an automobile accident.  The company was dissolved shortly thereafter.

Family 
Arthur Graffis came from a prominent family of engineers.  His grandfather, Abraham Graffis, built most of the covered bridges in Cass County, Indiana, and had substantial land holdings around Logansport.  His father, William Graffis, was an influential businessman, founder of Graffis & Sons Shoe Company, and an organizer of the Logansport State Bank.

Through his grandmother, Elizabeth Thornton Graffis, he was a member of the influential Thornton family of Logansport, Indiana.  His grandmother was a sister of prominent lawyer Henry Clay Thornton, father of Sir Henry Worth Thornton; Dr. William Patton Thornton, a prominent Cincinnati physician; and Dr. Joseph Lyle Thornton, a prominent educator and Past-President of the Ohio Valley Paper Company.  Judge William Wheeler Thornton, academic Helen Thornton Geer, socialite James Worth Thornton, and silver screen actress Edna Goodrich were cousins.

Arthur M. Graffis was married to Kate Moores and had three sons: Arthur Jr., William, and Harry.

Notes 

People from Logansport, Indiana
American mechanical engineers
1885 births
1933 deaths
Road incident deaths in Indiana
Blue Yonder Twin Engine EZ Flyer. The Blue Yonder Twin Engine EZ Flyer is a Canadian designed and built, pusher configuration twin-engined, tandem two-seat, open cockpit aircraft provided as a completed aircraft or in kit form by Blue Yonder Aviation.

The aircraft can be constructed in Canada as a basic ultra-light, or amateur-built aircraft.

Development
The Twin Engine EZ Flyer was designed by Wayne Winters of Indus, Alberta and based on the earlier EZ Flyer. Taking inspiration from the twin-engined Ultraflight Lazair and the Leza-Lockwood Air Cam the aircraft was especially designed for the air-to-ground photography role and also for use over hostile terrain where twin engine safety was desirable.

Winters altered the original EZ Flyer design by creating a new centre wing section to mount two powerplants instead of one, increasing the wingspan to  and the wing area to . The fuselage was also stretched  to  total, to give a more unimpeded view from the front seat. The aircraft retained the Junker's ailerons of the original Merlin wing along with the Clark "Y" airfoil and construction featuring a leading edge "D" cell and foam ribs. Like the original EZ Flyer, the twin engine version has an open lattice, "N" girder fuselage constructed from 4130 steel tube along with an enlarged vertical tail to improve handling in engine-out situations. The prototype has two seats in tandem and is powered by two Rotax 503 two stroke engines of .

The prototype of the new design flew in 1999. In the basic ultralight version gross weight is limited to the category maximum of . The amateur-built version has a gross weight of .

The Twin Engine EZ Flyer can be equipped with a variety of powerplants, all mounted side-by-side in pusher configuration:

Rotax 503 
Rotax 582 
Rotax 912 
Rotax 912S

Operational history
Despite being widely demonstrated and reviewed, the prototype remains the sole registered example.

Operators
 Blue Yonder Aviation - flight school

Specifications (Twin Engine EZ Flyer)

See also

References

External links

 Blue Yonder Aviation archives

Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Twin Engine EZ Flyer
1990s Canadian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Spectre Circuit Simulator. Spectre is a SPICE-class circuit simulator owned and distributed by the software company Cadence Design Systems. It provides the basic SPICE analyses and component models. It also supports the Verilog-A modeling language. Spectre comes in enhanced versions that also support RF simulation (SpectreRF) and mixed-signal simulation (AMS Designer).

Specifications

List of supported device models
 Advanced-node models, including the latest versions of the BSIM CMG, BSIM IMG, and UTSOI models
 MOSFET models, including the latest versions of the BSIM3, BSIM4, BSIM Bulk (BSIM6), PSP, and HiSIM
 High-voltage MOS models, including the latest versions of the HiSIM HV, MOS9, MOS11, and EKV 
 Silicon on insulator (SOI), including latest versions of BTASOI, SSIMSOI, BSIMSOI, BSIMSOI PD, and HiSIM SOI 
 Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) models, including the latest versions of VBIC, HICUM, Mextram, HBT, and Gummel-Poon models 
 Diode models, including the diode, Phillips level 500, and CMC diode models
 JFET models, including the JFET, Phillips level 100 JFET, and Individual dual-gate JFET models
 IGBT models, including PSpice® IGBT model and HiSIM IGBT models
 Resistors, including linear resistor, diffused resistor, CMC two-terminal and three-terminal resistor, and physical resistor models 
 GaAs MESFET models, includes latest versions of GaAs, TOM2, TOM3, and Angelov
 GaN MESFET models, including Angelov, ASM, and MVSG models 
 Silicon TFT models, including RPI Poly-Silicon and Amorphous silicon Thin-Film models
 Verilog-A compact device models 
 Z and S domain sources
 User-defined compiled model interface (CMI), allowing for the rapid inclusion of user-defined models 
 Josephson Junctions
 Specialized reliability models (AgeMOS) for simulating the effect of HCI and BTI 
 Miscellaneous power models, including the relay, transformer, non-linear magnetic core, and winding
 Miscellaneous RF models, including the DC block, DC feedthrough, and microstrip and stripline elements (bend, cross, corner, curve, open line, tee models)

Language and Netlist support 
The netlist formats, behavioral modeling languages, parasitic netlist formats, and stimulus files are common across the Spectre Simulation Platform. Supported formats include:
 Spectre and SPICE netlist formats
 Spectre, SPICE, and PSpice models 
 Verilog-A 2.0 LRM-compliant behavioral models and structural netlists
 DSPF/SPEF parasitic formats
 S-parameter data files in Touchstone, CITI-file, and Spectre formats
 SST2, PSF, PSF XL, and FSDB waveform formats
 Digital vector (VEC), Verilog-Value Change Dump (VCD), Extended Verilog-Value Change Dump (EVCD), and digital stimulus

History 

Spectre was developed at Cadence Design Systems by Ken Kundert and Jacob K. White.

References 
 

Electronic circuit simulators
Jacob K. White. Jacob K. White is the Cecil H. Green Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He researches fast numerical algorithms for simulation, particularly the simulation of circuits. His work on the FASTCAP program for three-dimensional capacitance calculation and FASTHENRY, a program for three-dimensional inductance calculations, is highly cited.  He has also done extensive work on steady-state simulation of analog and microwave circuits. White was a significant early contributor to the development of Spectre and SpectreRF.

White received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1985, working on waveform relaxation under advising professor Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli.  He worked for IBM prior to joining the MIT faculty.

White was made a Fellow of the IEEE in 2008 "for contributions to simulation tools for RF circuits, electrical interconnects, and micro machined devices."  In 2022 he, along with Ricardo Telichevesky and Ken Kundert, was awarded the ACM/IEEE A. Richard Newton Technical Impact Award in Electronic Design Automation for their paper Efficient steady-state analysis based on matrix-free Krylov-subspace methods.

References

External links
 Web page at MIT

21st-century American inventors
21st-century American engineers
American electronics engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
University of California, Berkeley alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Analog verification. Analog verification is a methodology for performing functional verification on analog, mixed-signal and RF integrated circuits and systems on chip. Discussion of analog verification began in 2005 when it started to become recognized that the analog portion of large mixed-signal chips had become so complex that a significant and ever-increasing number of these chips were being designed with functional errors in the analog portion that prevented them from operating correctly.

Technical details
Analog verification is built on the idea that transistor-level simulation will always be too slow to provide adequate functional verification. Instead, it is necessary to build simple and efficient models of the blocks that make up the analog portion of the design and use those to verify the design. Those models are typically written in Verilog or Verilog-AMS, but could also be written in VHDL or VHDL-AMS. However, simply using a simple functional model is not sufficient. It is also necessary to build a comprehensive self-checking testbench, that thoroughly exercises the design and compare its response against a previously written specification for the design. Furthermore, this testbench should be applied in turn to both the model and the design. In this case, the design is represented with a transistor-level schematic. If both the model and the design pass all tests, and if the testbench is comprehensive, then this confirms that the model is consistent with the design and that the design is consistent with the specification.

Applying a comprehensive testbench to an entire analog functional unit such as an audio codec, power Management IC, Power Management Unit, serdes, or RF transceiver, represented at the transistor level, is impractical. So instead, the verification proceeds hierarchically. One first builds simple models and tests benches for individual blocks. The block-level test benches are used to confirm that models match the implementation of the blocks and that the implementation matches the block-level specification. Then testbenches are built for the entire analog functional unit and applied to the top-level schematic of that unit with the blocks represented with their now verified models. To further improve the tests, one can perform mixed-level simulation, where the testbench for the functional unit is applied with one or two blocks at the transistor level, and all others at the model level.

References

External links
Verification of Complex Analog and RF IC Designs 

Hardware testing
IEEE DASC standards
Autonomous circuit. An autonomous circuit in analogue electronics is a circuit that produces a time-varying output without having a time-varying input (i.e., it has only DC power as an input).
In digital electronics, an autonomous circuit may have a clock signal input, but no other inputs, and operates autonomously (i.e. independently of other circuits), cycling through a set series of states.
A Moore machine is autonomous if it has no data inputs, the clock signal not counting as a data input.
If a Moore machine has data inputs, they may determine what the next state is, even though they do not affect the outputs of any given state, and this is a non-autonomous circuit.

References

Citations 

 
 
 
 
 

Electronic circuits
Reiner Lemoine. Reiner Lemoine (2 February 1949 – 6 December 2006) was a German entrepreneur in the area of renewable energy.

During his studies of aerospace engineering he co-founded Wuseltronik, a socialistic collective for engineering based in Berlin-Kreuzberg. In 1996 he co-founded Solon AG, followed in 1999 by the solar cell manufacturer Q-Cells. In 2005 he was awarded as "Entrepreneur of the year" together with Anton Milner for Q-Cells.

Shortly before this death in December 2006 he founded the Reiner Lemoine Foundation which offers stipends for Ph.D. candidates in the area of renewable energies. On 20 August 2008 the German Minister of Environment Sigmar Gabriel inaugurated the Reiner-Lemoine-Research Center at Q-Cells SE.

References

External links 
 Official website of Reiner Lemoine Foundation
 Tagesspiegel Reiner Lemoine

1949 births
2006 deaths
People associated with solar power
20th-century German businesspeople
Engineers from Berlin