omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of software reliability models. Software reliability is the probability of the software causing a system failure over some specified operating time. Software does not fail due to wear out but does fail due to faulty functionality, timing, sequencing, data, and exception handling.  The software fails as a function of operating time as opposed to calendar time.  Over 225 models have been developed since early 1970s, however, several of them have similar if not identical assumptions.  The models have two basic types - prediction modeling and estimation modeling.

1.0 Overview of Software Reliability Prediction Models

These models are derived from actual historical data from real software projects.  The user answers a list of questions which calibrate the historical data to yield a software reliability prediction.  The accuracy of the prediction depends on how many parameters (questions) and datasets are in the model, how current the data is, and how confident the user is of their inputs. One of the earliest prediction models was the Rome Laboratory TR-92-52.  It was developed in 1987 and last updated in 1992 and was geared towards software in avionics systems.

2.0 Overview of Software Reliability Growth (Estimation) Models

Software reliability growth (or estimation) models use failure data from testing to forecast the failure rate or MTBF into the future.  The models depend on the assumptions about the fault rate during testing which can either be increasing, peaking, decreasing or some combination of decreasing and increasing.  Some models assume that there is a finite and fixed number of inherent defects while others assume that it's infinite.  Some models require effort for parameter estimation while others have only a few parameters to estimate.  Some models require the exact time in between each failure found in testing, while others only need to have the number of failures found during any given time interval such as a day.

Software reliability tools implementing some of these models include CASRE (Computer-Aided Software Reliability Estimation) and an open source SFRAT (Software Failure and Reliability Assessment Tool).

References 

Software testing
Stillwater Triple Hybrid Power Plant. The Stillwater GeoSolar Hybrid Plant is a combined 61 MW solar energy and geothermal power plant in the U.S. state of Nevada. Located  NE of Fallon, near Stillwater, the site includes a 26MW solar photovoltaic plant and a 2MW solar thermal plant that were added to a 33MW geothermal plant.

Overview
The project is a solar/geothermal plant and constructed by Enel Green Power. POWER Engineers Inc. provided detailed engineering services for the original binary geothermal plant as well as for the 2 MW Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) system. The total output of 15 GWh/month from the plant was sold to NV Energy. In summer, the PV plant produces more when the thermal plant is less efficient due to dry cooling in high temperatures.

Geothermal plant
The plant entered into operation in 2001, and revitalized in 2009.

Solar photovoltaic plant
Covering , the plant has 89,000 polycrystalline silicon solar panels and has a generation capacity of 26 MW. The photovoltaic generation was designed to make up for the reduction in output from the geothermal plant due to high ambient temperatures during summer midday hours.

Solar thermal plant
An additional 2 MWe (17 MWth) using concentrated solar power (CSP) in parabolic troughs began construction in 2014. In addition to generating electricity, the CSP facility is expected to extend the life of the geothermal reservoir used for the geothermal portion of the facility.  The CSP plant became operational in 2015.

External links
 Photo and video, 2015

Notes

Energy infrastructure completed in 2009
Energy infrastructure completed in 2012
Buildings and structures in Churchill County, Nevada
Geothermal power stations in Nevada
Solar power stations in Nevada
Tobu 60000 series. The  is a Japanese DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway on Tobu Urban Park Line services since June 2013.

Overview
The first two six-car sets were introduced on the  Tobu Noda Line from 15 June 2013, replacing older 8000 series sets. A further six sets (36 vehicles) were introduced during fiscal 2013.

Based on the 50000 series EMUs first introduced in 2004, the 60000 series have aluminium alloy bodies with a double-skin construction manufactured using friction stir welding (FSW). The trains feature VVVF control, and use fully enclosed motors reducing environmental noise.

Externally, the front ends and upper bodysides are finished in "future blue", the colour used for the Tobu corporate logo, and "bright green" highlights are used on either side of the doors.

Formation
, the fleet consists of 18 six-car sets based at Nanakodai Depot. Trainsets consist of three motored (M) cars and three unpowered trailer (T) cars, and are formed as shown below with the Tc1 cars at the Kashiwa end.

The M1 and M3 cars each have one PT7112-B single-arm pantograph. Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

Interior
Internally, the trains use LED lighting throughout, with the illumination level capable of being adjusted to 100%, 50%, or 25% brightness. LCD passenger information displays are provided above the doors, and a Wi-Fi service is provided – for the first time on Tobu Railway trains.

Seating consists of longitudinal bench seats throughout, with a seat width of  per person. Wheelchair spaces are provided at one end of each of the four intermediate cars.

The glass panels on the doors separating each car are decorated with designs depicting the five different "city flowers" of the eight cities served by the Noda Line: cherry blossom (Saitama), wysteria (Kasukabe), sunflower (Kashiwa and Funabashi), rhododendron (Noda, Nagareyama, Matsudo), and Japanese bellflower (Kamagaya).

History
The first two sets, 61601 and 61602, were delivered from the Hitachi factory in Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi in March 2013. Set 61601 entered revenue service on 15 June 2013, with 61602 entering service on 21 June 2013. Sets 61603 and 61604 were delivered together from Hitachi in January 2014, both entering revenue service from 27 January 2014.

In April 2024, Tobu Railway announced that the 60000 series fleet will be shortened to five-car formations, with the surplus cars being used to form new 80000 series trains.

Fleet history
The fleet history details are as shown below.

References

External links

 Tobu 60000 series information 

Electric multiple units of Japan
60000 series
Train-related introductions in 2013
Hitachi multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
EV-E301 series. The  is a two-car battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) on the Karasuyama Line and Tohoku Main Line since 15 March 2014. The train goes by the nickname .

Overview
Developed from the experimental "Smart Denchi-kun" battery railcar tested on the Karasuyama Line in 2012, the two-car EV-E301 series train operates as an electric multiple unit (EMU) under the 1,500 V DC overhead wire of the Tohoku Main Line between  and , and on battery power over the  non-electrified Karasuyama Line. It can also be recharged via its pantographs at a recharging facility specially built at Karasuyama Station.

The two-car trainsets are equipped with 190 kWh lithium-ion storage batteries, and the train has a maximum design speed of , although it normally runs at up to  at service.

Formation
The two-car trains are formed as shown below, with car 1 at the Utsunomiya end.

The Mc car has two PS38 single-arm pantographs.

Interior
Internally, the train uses LED lighting throughout. Seating accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating. The train is not equipped with a toilet.

Bogies
Each car is mounted on a TR255D non-powered trailer bogie at the outer end, and a DT79 motored bogie at the inner end.

History

The first set, V1, was delivered from the Japan Transport Engineering Company (J-TREC) factory in Yokohama on 21 January 2014. Test running commenced on 23 January, on the Utsunomiya Line, including running on battery power with the pantographs lowered. It entered revenue service on the Karasuyama Line from the start of the revised timetable on 15 March 2014.

In May 2015, the EV-E301 series was awarded the 2015 Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club. A presentation ceremony was held at Karasuyama Station on 26 September 2015.

A further three two-car EV-E301 series trainsets were delivered to Utsunomiya from the J-TREC factory in Yokohama in February 2017. These entered service from the start of the revised timetable on 4 March 2017, replacing the remaining diesel multiple-unit trains operating on the Karasuyama Line.

See also
 Smart BEST, a self-charging BEMU train developed by Kinki Sharyo in 2012
 BEC819 series, an AC BEMU introduced by JR Kyushu in 2016
 EV-E801 series, an AC BEMU introduced by JR East on the Oga Line in 2017

References

Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2014
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Battery electric multiple units
J-TREC multiple units
Scigress. Scigress, stylised SCiGRESS, is a software suite designed for molecular modeling, computational and experimental chemistry, drug design, and materials science. It is a successor to the Computer Aided Chemistry (CAChe) software and has been used to perform experiments on hazardous or novel biomolecules and proteins in silico.

Functions and use cases

 Molecule editing.
 Theory levels: DFT, semi-empirical, molecular mechanics and dynamics.
 Determination of low energy conformations and thermodynamic properties.
 Calculation and 3D visualization of electronic properties, such as partial charges, orbitals, electron densities, and electrostatic surfaces.
 Analysis of transition states and intrinsic reaction coordinates.
 Infrared, UV, and NMR spectroscopy.
 Study of phase transitions, expansion, crystal defects, compressibility, tensile strength, adsorption, absorption, and thermal conductivity.
 Protein handling and protein-ligand docking.

See also

References

External links 
 

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry software
Molecular modelling software
Physics software
Graph500. The Graph500 is a rating of supercomputer systems, focused on data-intensive loads. The project was announced on International Supercomputing Conference in June 2010. The first list was published at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November 2010. New versions of the list are published twice a year. The main performance metric used to rank the supercomputers is GTEPS (giga- traversed edges per second).

Richard Murphy from Sandia National Laboratories, says that "The Graph500's goal is to promote awareness of complex data problems", instead of focusing on computer benchmarks like HPL (High Performance Linpack), which TOP500 is based on.

Despite its name, there were several hundreds of systems in the rating, growing up to 174 in June 2014.

The algorithm and implementation that won the championship is published in the paper titled "Extreme scale breadth-first search on supercomputers".

There is also list Green Graph 500, which uses same performance metric, but sorts list according to performance per Watt, like Green 500 works with TOP500 (HPL).

Benchmark 
The benchmark used in Graph500 stresses the communication subsystem of the system, instead of counting double precision floating-point. It is based on a breadth-first search in a large undirected graph (a model of Kronecker graph with average degree of 16). There are three computation kernels in the benchmark: the first kernel is to generate the graph and compress it into sparse structures CSR or CSC (Compressed Sparse Row/Column); the second kernel does a parallel BFS search of some random vertices (64 search iterations per run); the third kernel runs a single-source shortest paths (SSSP) computation. Six possible sizes (Scales) of graph are defined: toy (226 vertices; 17 GB of RAM), mini (229; 137 GB), small (232; 1.1 TB), medium (236; 17.6 TB), large (239; 140 TB), and huge (242; 1.1 PB of RAM).

The reference implementation of the benchmark contains several versions:
 serial high-level in GNU Octave
 serial low-level in C
 parallel C version with usage of OpenMP
 two versions for Cray-XMT
 basic MPI version (with MPI-1 functions)
 optimized MPI version (with MPI-2 one-sided communications)
The implementation strategy that have won the championship on the Japanese K computer is described in.

Top 10 ranking 
According to June 2024 release of the list, for the BFS results section, Fugaku ranks highest, but in the SSSP results section Wuhan Supercomputer ranks highest, then Pengcheng Cloudbrain-II, then Fugaku; table shows for BFS results:

Spain (Barcelona), has a new supercomputer MareNostrum 5 ACC, ranked 8th.

2022 
According to November 2022 release of the list:

2020 
Arm-based Fugaku took the top spot of the list.

2016 
According to June 2016 release of the list:

2014 
According to June 2014 release of the list:

2013 
According to June 2013 release of the list:

See also 
 TOP500
 Green500
 HPCG benchmark

References

External links
 
 June 2014  Graph 500
 Introducing the Graph 500, paper by Sandia

Supercomputer benchmarks
Top lists
Dakota Cub Super 18. The Dakota Cub Super 18 is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Dakota Cub of Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Super 18 is the kit derivative of the type certified Super 18 Model S18-180 that is manufactured by a separate, but affiliated company, Super 18. The Dakota Cub Super 18 features a strut-braced high wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit that is  wide, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, with the wing structure of aluminum sheet and all surfaces covered in  doped aircraft fabric. The wings are supported by "V" struts and jury struts. Dimensions and engines vary with specific model. Construction time for all models from the supplied kit is 900 hours.

Variants
Super 18-160-EXP
Model with a  span wing with an area of  and a gross weight of . This model's recommended engine power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming O-320 four-stroke powerplant. One reported completed by December 2011.
Super 18-180-EXP
Model with a  span wing with an area of  and a gross weight of . This model's recommended engine power is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming O-360 four-stroke powerplant. Six reported completed by December 2011.
Super 18-LT-EXP
Model with a  span wing with an area of  and a gross weight of  for the US light-sport aircraft category. This model's recommended engine power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming IO-233 four-stroke powerplant. One reported completed by December 2011.

Specifications (Super 18-180-EXP)

References

External links

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
E & P Special. The E & P Special, sometimes known as the Elston E & P Special, is a homebuilt, single-seat sports aircraft built in the United States and first flown in 1972.  Only two were completed; one remains active.

Design and development

Elston and Pruitt began construction of their Special in September 1969. They completed the first example in September 1972, following it with a second machine in April 1973.

The Special is a fabric covered, mid-wing monoplane.  The straight, constant chord, wood framed wings are set with 1° of dihedral and braced with underwing V-shaped pairs of struts, one on each side.  There are plain wood framed ailerons but no flaps.  Its fuselage and empennage have a welded steel tube structure. The tail is braced and the tailplane incidence ground-adjustable; the rudder has a curved top and trailing edge and extends between the elevators down to the fuselage keel.

The Special is powered by a 65 hp (48 kW) Continental A65 air-cooled flat-four piston engine driving a fixed pitch propeller and fuelled from a tank immediately aft of the engine firewall. Its single-seat cockpit is covered by a two-piece, rearward sliding canopy; there is a small luggage space behind the seat.  The undercarriage is of the tailwheel type with the mainwheels on spring steel cantilever legs.  These wheels have hydraulic brakes and are enclosed in long glass fibre fairings.  The tailwheel is steerable.

Operational history
The first Special remains registered by the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications

References

1970s United States sport aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1972
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Arne Selberg. Arne Selberg (11 August 1910 – 25 May 1989) was a Norwegian civil engineer. He was born in Langesund as the son of Ole Michael Ludvigsen Selberg and Anna Kristina Brigtsdatter Skeie. He was twin brother of Sigmund Selberg and brother of Henrik Selberg and Atle Selberg. He was appointed professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology from 1949 to 1979, and served as rector from 1963 to 1969. His speciality was design of suspension bridges. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany Selberg cooperated with the XU intelligence network. He was a member of various commissions and board member of several institutions and companies. He was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1966.

References

1910 births
1989 deaths
People from Bamble
Norwegian twins
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Bridge engineers
Academic staff of the Norwegian Institute of Technology
Norwegian resistance members
XU
Light Table (software). Light Table is an integrated development environment for software engineering developed by Chris Granger and Robert Attorri. It features real-time feedback allowing instant execution, debugging and access to documentation. The instant feedback provides an execution environment intended to help developing abstractions.

The development team attempted to create a program which shows the programmer what the effects of their additions are in real-time, rather than requiring them to work out the effects as they write the code. Though the program began by supporting only Clojure, it has since aimed to support Python and JavaScript. The developers claim that the software can reduce programming time by up to 20%.

It was financed by a Kickstarter fundraising campaign and subsequently backed by Y Combinator. The Kickstarter campaign aimed to raise $200,000 USD and finished with $316,720 USD.

See also 
Interactive programming
Literate programming

Notes

References 

Formerly proprietary software
Free integrated development environments
Free integrated development environments for Python
Free text editors
HTML editors
Linux text editors
MacOS text editors
Software using the MIT license
Unix text editors
Windows text editors
Friends of Amateur Rocketry. Friends of Amateur Rocketry, better known simply as FAR, is an educational 501(c)3 nonprofit corporation providing infrastructure for static test firing and launching; small, medium, and large; solid, hybrid, and liquid; commercial and experimental rockets. Their static test firing and launch facility known as FAR Site is located North of Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert. FAR was begun in 2003 by several friends and rocketry buffs as a spin-off from RRS. The FAR Site has been used by multiple groups, including Unreasonable Rocket, CSULB, Garvey Spacecraft Corporation, UCSD,  MythBusters and an episode of How Hard Can It Be? on the National Geographic Channel. FAR utilizes California State Fire Marshal licensed Pyrotechnic Operators-Class 1, 2, and 3 Rockets. FAR does not require an individual to have a National Association of Rocketry (NAR) or Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA) certification to launch their rockets.

See also
High-power rocketry
Amateur & Experimental rocketry
Reaction Research Society (RRS)
National Association of Rocketry (NAR)
Tripoli Rocketry Association (TRA)

References

External links 
 FAR Website
 RRS Website
 NAR Website
 TRA Website

Rocketry
Roar Arntzen. Roar Arntzen (born 23 November 1947) is a Norwegian engineer.

He grew up in Rosenborg and Byåsen, and took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in his hometown. He was hired as a researcher in SINTEF in 1971, an institute for technical and industrial research. In 1977 he was hired as a chief engineer in Autronica, where he served five years as chief executive from 1984 to 1989, when he became director of the SINTEF company Elab-Runit. He advanced further to vice chief executive of SINTEF in 1991 and chief executive in 1995. He was first acting chief executive for some months before being hired on a permanent basis in November 1995. In March 2002 he was announced as the new chief executive of St. Olav Hospital. He resigned in March 2006, and was succeeded by Gunnar Bovim.

Arntzen chairs Renholdsverket and has chaired Trondheim Symphony Orchestra. He is a member of the gentlemen's club Harmonien. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

As of 2020, he sits on the board of directors for 5 companies and currently serves as the director of Trondheim Parkering, a parking company.

References

1947 births
Living people
Scientists from Trondheim
Engineers from Trondheim
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
Directors of hospitals of Norway
21st-century Norwegian engineers
Centre pour la communication scientifique directe. The Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD) is a French organization of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) devoted to the development of the open access repositories  HAL, TEL and MediHal, the web platform  and the web platform Sciencesconf. It is involved in the international open access movement.

Presentation 
The CCSD (translated by Centre for Direct Scientific Communication) was founded in 2000 by CNRS.

Its main activity is focused on the development and exploitation of the open archive for scholarly publications HAL, and for thesis and dissertations TEL. They comply with the Open Archive Initiative (OAI-PMH).

In 2006, French universities, engineering schools and research institutions decided to set up a shared archive based on HAL, adopting the common references of the archive. HAL is a common archive that is available in several environments: institutional (Hal-INRIA or Hal-INSERM), thematic (Hal-SHS for the humanities and social sciences, for example),  and typological (theses, images).

The CCSD is involved in the Bibliothèque Scientifique Numérique (BSN or Digital Science Library), especially in the working group BSN4 (open archives).

CCSD also develops MédiHAL, open repository for scientific images and iconographic documents of science and SciencesConf.org, management tool for monitoring scientific events. Both were created in 2010.

See also 

 Isidore (platform)
 HAL (open archive)
 CNRS

References 
 D. Charnay, The Centre for Direct Scientific Communication, Information Services and Use, 2003, Vol 23(2), pp. 133–137

External links 
Official site
 Digital Science Library workshop Bibliothèque Scientifique Numérique, July 4, 2012

French National Centre for Scientific Research
Organizations established in 2000