omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Novosibirsk Shipping Canal. Novosibirsk Shipping Canal () is the canal located in Novosibirsk that connects the Novosibirsk Reservoir and the Ob downstream of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station dam. The canal became operational simultaneously with the commissioning of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station.

Overview 
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}The canal is located in Sovetsky District of Novosibirsk along its entire length. The banks of the upper part of the canal are lined with concrete. The dachas of Novosibirsk residents and swamp forests are located along the canal; The Nizhnyaya Yeltsovka River flows into the canal near its confluence with the Ob.

Locks 
The canal is equipped with a single triple-chamber shipping lock. The length of each chamber is 148 meters, the width is 18 meters, the maximum depth is 6,2 meters, the minimum depth is 2,5 meters. The time of filling and emptying of chamber is 8 minutes. A dual-lane road bridge runs over the lock. Only ships, which dimensions do not exceed 130 meters in length, 17,2 meters in width, 12 meters in air draught, are allowed to sluicing. The minimum acceptable level of water under the keel is 0,25 meters, the minimum acceptable reserve in width of lock's chamber is 0,8 meters. Small vessels are allowed to sluicing in daytime only. Inflatable boats, rowing vessels and sailing ships having no engines, as well as all water scooters, are allowed to sluicing only with towing vessel; a towing should be carried out using side-by-side method; crew and passengers of a towed craft must be on the board of a towing craft.

In 2017, the reconstruction of the canal's locks began.

References

Canals in Russia
CNovosibirsk
Ship canals
Transport in Novosibirsk
Sovetsky District, Novosibirsk
Yu Shuhong. Yu Shuhong (; born August 1967) is a Chinese chemist and materials scientist and professor at the University of Science and Technology of China.

Early life and education
Yu was born in Lujiang County, Anhui in August 1967. In July 1988 he graduated from Hefei University of Technology. He received his master's degree from Shanghai Research institute of Chemical Industry and in 1991, and completed his doctoral work in 1998 at the University of Science and Technology of China  under the supervision of Qian Yitai.

Career
In 1999 he became researcher at the Laboratory of Materials and Structures, Tokyo University of Technology. In 2001 he became researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam. Yu returned to China in 2002 and that same year became doctoral supervisor at the University of Science and Technology of China.

Honours and awards
 2001 State Natural Science Award (Second Class)
 2003 Distinguished Young Scholar by the National Science Fund 
 2006 "Chang Jiang Scholar" (or "Yangtze River Scholar")
 2013 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
 November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

References

1967 births
People from Lujiang County
Living people
Chemists from Anhui
Hefei University of Technology alumni
University of Science and Technology of China alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Academic staff of the University of Science and Technology of China
Chinese materials scientists
Xu Chunming. Xu Chunming (; born February 1965) is a Chinese chemist and professor at China University of Petroleum.

Early life and education
Xu was born in Shouguang, Shandong in February 1965.

Career
After the high school in 1981, he studied, then taught, at what is now China University of Petroleum.
He served as vice chairman of its School of Chemical Science and Engineering in 1999, and three years later promoted to the Chairman position. 
In 2005 he was promoted again to become vice president of China University of Petroleum, a position he held until August 31, 2017. In 2008 he was recruited by the American Chemical Society (ACS) as associate editor of Energy & Fuels.

Honours and awards
 November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

References

1957 births
People from Shouguang
Living people
Chemists from Shandong
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China University of Petroleum alumni
Partial allocation mechanism. The Partial Allocation Mechanism (PAM) is a mechanism for truthful resource allocation. It is based on the max-product allocation -  the allocation maximizing the product of agents' utilities (also known as the Nash-optimal allocation or the Proportionally-Fair solution; in many cases it is equivalent to the competitive equilibrium from equal incomes). It guarantees to each agent at least 0.368 of his/her utility in the max-product allocation. It was designed by Cole, Gkatzelis and Goel.

Setting 
There are m resources that are assumed to be homogeneous and divisible.

There are n agents, each of whom has a personal function that attributes a numeric value to each "bundle" (combination of resources). The valuations are assumed to be homogeneous functions.

The goal is to decide what "bundle" to give to each agent, where a bundle may contain a fractional amount of each resource.

Crucially, some resources may have to be discarded, i.e., free disposal is assumed.

Monetary payments are not allowed.

Algorithm 
PAM works in the following way.

 Calculate the max-product allocation; denote it by z.
 For each agent i:
 Calculate the max-product allocation when i is not present.
 Let fi = (the product of the other agents in z) / (the max-product of the other agents when i is not present).
 Give to agent i a fraction fi of each resource he gets in z.

Properties 
PAM has the following properties.

 It is a truthful mechanism - each agent's utility is maximized by revealing his/her true valuations.
 For each agent i, the utility of i is at least 1/e ≈ 0.368 of his/her utility in the max-product allocation.
 When the agents have additive linear valuations, the allocation is envy-free.

PA vs VCG 
The PA mechanism, which does not use payments, is analogous to the VCG mechanism, which uses monetary payments. VCG starts by selecting the max-sum allocation, and then for each agent i it calculates the max-sum allocation when i is not present, and pays i the difference (max-sum when i is present)-(max-sum when i is not present). Since the agents are quasilinear, the utility of i is reduced by an additive factor.

In contrast, PA does not use monetary payments, and the agents' utilities are reduced by a multiplicative factor, by taking away some of their resources.

Optimality 
It is not known whether the fraction of 0.368 is optimal. However, there is provably no truthful mechanism that can guarantee to each agent more than 0.5 of the max-product utility.

Extensions 
The PAM has been used as a subroutine in a truthful cardinal mechanism for one-sided matching.

References 

Fair division protocols
Mechanism design
Dhrubajyoti Ghosh. Dhrubajyoti Ghosh (1947 – 16 February 2018) was a UN Global 500 laureate, special advisor on agricultural ecosystems, part of the Commission on Ecosystem Management, and regional chair for South Asia of the IUCN. He is most credited for devoting his life for the survival of the East Kolkata Wetlands, naming it, and creating the world's only fully functioning organic sewage management system.

Early life 
He attended the University of Calcutta in West Bengal, India, and was the first engineer of the university to graduate with a PhD in ecology. He went on to become a sanitation engineer for the West Bengal government, which brought the issues of the Kolkata Wetlands to his sites.

Work 
Advocating nature-based solutions, Ghosh's work in the East Kolkata Wetlands showed it could be used for free-of-charge sewage work, fertile aquatic gardens and fisheries, and flood defences with minimal harm to the environment.

Using his position in Ramsar, he secured the protection of the wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. This land soon became the world's only fully functional organic sewage management system, treating 750 million litres/day, using solar UV radiation to purify canals leading into the wetlands. The wetlands are now under threat by developers, which Ghosh constantly resisted during his life. His main complaint on the upkeep of this project is that there is no large scale management or municipal ownership of the system to keep quality control, and there is currently no plans to change that.

His work included being chief of the Department of Environment of the Government of West Bengal, member of the board of trustees of the India World Wide Fund for Nature, fellow of the National Institute of Sciences within the Government of India, member of the management board of the Ramsar Convention, and a member of the National Wetland Committee.

He died in Kolkata on February 16, 2018.

Other accomplishments 

 2005 - Published the book Ecology and Traditional Wetland Practice: Lessons from Wastewater Utilisation in the East Calcutta Wetlands. In it he coined the term "cognitive apartheid", meaning the systematic exclusion of the knowledge of the poor by the elite. 
 August 2016 - First Indian to earn the Luc Hoffmann Award, credited for his work on East Kolkata Wetland.
 2017 - Published the book The Trash Diggers, exploring the lives of individuals living in a dump site on the fringes of eastern Kolkata. 
 Recognized as an Ashoka Fellow.

References

1947 births
2018 deaths
People from Kolkata
University of Calcutta alumni
Indian environmentalists
Indian ecologists
Indian social entrepreneurs
Françoise Soussaline. Françoise Soussaline (née Yerouchalmi) is a French biophysicist and businesswoman, a specialist in cell imaging.

Education and career 
She studied physics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and completed a PhD in molecular spectroscopy in 1973. She began her career as a researcher at Inserm, where she was involved in the development of the first digital scanner in nuclear medicine. She then joined the Frédéric-Joliot hospital department of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission where she developed Positron emission tomography locally as part of a second thesis in biophysics completed in 1984 at the University of Paris-Sud under the direction of Nobel Prize winner Georges Charpak. She became associate professor in Physics and Medical Biophysics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and the University of Paris-Sud.

In 1985, she founded the company IMSTAR, which designs, develops and markets automated imaging systems for life-sciences research and diagnostic tests for genetic disorders and cancers.

From 1994 to 2008, she served as the president of BioCRITT Ile de France

Between 2007 and 2009, she was vice-president of the :fr:Pôles de compétitivité en Île-de-France :fr:Medicen (Medicen [business] competition clusters in the Île-de-France region). She is also a member of the supervisory board of the Paris Region Innovation Centre.

She is an active supporter of equality for women in science. She has been part of the association :fr:Femmes et Sciences since its creation in 2000 and promotes science as a career choice amongst girls in secondary schools.

Recognition
 1997: Chevalière de l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour], for 27 years' professional service.
 2001: Officière de l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour], for 30 years' professional activities.
 2010: Irène Joliot-Curie Prize dans la catégorie parcours femme entreprise [Irène-Joliot-Curie prize for women's business innovation in science].

References

Women biophysicists
Women physicists
French biophysicists
French physicists
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Norwood Bridge. The Norwood Bridge is a five-span,  vehicular bridge over the Red River in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The bridge links downtown Winnipeg with the Norwood neighbourhood of St. Boniface, Winnipeg, and serves Route 52. 

The bridge bears a sculpture, called River Arch, between the east and west spans at the southern landing.

River Arch 
River Arch is the sculpture that sits upon the Norwood Bridge, between the east and west spans at the southern landing.

The sculpture was commissioned by the City of Winnipeg and was the winning proposal in a national competition by artist Catherine Widgery. The sculpture is made of stone, stainless steel, aluminum, gold leaf, and concrete, and includes an arch and two  columns, each topped with golden sheaves of wheat. The arch bears a pixelated image from a photograph of a harvested field. Each column bears a sculpture of the head of a bison on each side of the base.

Bridge history

Preceding bridges
The first Norwood bridge was a privately-built toll bridge, complete in 1890. It was purchased by the City of St Boniface in 1904. With the bridge being deemed unsafe in 1929, negotiations toward construction of a replacement bridge began in the fall of 1930 between the Cities of Winnipeg and St Boniface.

The original cost estimate for the bridge's replacement was $620,000, with costs shared between the federal and provincial governments, as well as between both the City of Winnipeg and City of St Boniface. 

The bridge was built in the 1930s, and was eventually demolished in 1997 by McColman & Sons Demolition Ltd. The bridge had consisted of approximately 1,400 tons of steel and 2,000 meters of concrete. The adjacent railway overpass was a significant impediment with a low overhead clearance of  before its replacement in 1995.

Current bridge
The construction of the current Norwood Bridge required relocation of the City of Winnipeg Water Utility pumphouse from the east side of Main Street to its west side.

The Norwood Bridge was constructed by PCL Constructors Canada. The foundation consists of four cast-in-place piers founded on tremied bedrock footings. The construction of bridge was the first in Winnipeg to use large, flat-topped barges instead of work bridges, and implemented northern ice road building techniques to use large cranes and other construction equipment on the river. 

The bridge was opened on 19 October 1999.

See also
 List of bridges in Canada
 List of bridges

References

Road bridges in Manitoba
Buildings and structures in Winnipeg
Buildings and structures in downtown Winnipeg
St. Boniface, Winnipeg
Copper(II) thiocyanate. Copper(II) thiocyanate (or cupric thiocyanate) is a coordination polymer with formula Cu(SCN)2. It is a black solid which slowly decomposes in moist air. It was first reported in 1838 by Karl Ernst Claus and its structure was determined first in 2018.

Structure 
The structure of Cu(SCN)2 was determined via powder X-ray diffraction and consists of chains of Cu(NCS)2 linked together by weak Cu–S–Cu bonds into two-dimensional layers. It can be considered a Jahn–Teller distorted analogue of the mercury thiocyanate structure-type. Each copper is octahedrally coordinated by four sulfurs and two nitrogens. The sulfur end of the SCN− ligand is doubly bridging.

Synthesis 
Copper(II) thiocyanate can be prepared from the reaction of concentrated solutions of copper(II) and a soluble thiocyanate salt in water, precipitating as a black powder. With rapid drying, pure Cu(SCN)2 can be isolated. Reaction at lower concentrations and for longer periods of time generates instead copper(I) thiocyanate.

Magnetism 
Copper(II) thiocyanate, like copper(II) bromide and copper(II) chloride, is a quasi low-dimensional antiferromagnet and it orders at  into a conventional Néel ground state.

References 

Copper(II) compounds
Coordination polymers
Thiocyanates
Gironde estuary and Pertuis sea Marine Nature Park. The Gironde estuary and Pertuis sea Marine Nature Park is a protected area on the Gironde estuary and on the Atlantic coast of the departments Vendée, Charente-Maritime and Gironde, in western France. It was created in April 2015.

Geography

The Marine Nature Park covers 6,500 km2 of marine area and encompasses all the Pertuis narrows, estuaries, the Gironde plume and extends off shore to a 50-metre water depth.

As the largest estuary in Western Europe, the Gironde is subject to very strong tidal currents and small islands appear and disappear at the whim of the river. It is located just downstream of the centre of Bordeaux.

114 coastal towns are part of the park along 1,000 kilometres of coastline.

The management board is in Marennes. Other main coastal towns are (from north to south): Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Sainte-Marie-de-Ré, La Rochelle, Rochefort, Saint-Pierre-d'Oléron, Le Château-d'Oléron, La Tremblade, Saint-Palais-sur-Mer, Royan, Soulac-sur-Mer, Pauillac.

Landscape

Oyster farms, harbours and fishing huts mark the landscapes and the maritime culture. Long sandy beaches attract many tourists.

Flora and fauna

Marshes, narrows, reed beds, estuaries, foreshores and the Atlantic Ocean form a mosaic of habitats particularly favourable to birds and amphihaline fish. Leatherback turtles, basking sharks, gannets and storm petrels can also be found. Depending on their life cycle, species such as eels move through the different estuarine, coastal and marine environments.

Gallery

References

External links
 

Nature reserves in France
Landforms of Gironde
Protected areas established in 2015
Marine parks of France
Melba Crawford. Melba M. Crawford is the Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and a professor of agronomy, Civil Engineering, and Electrical & Computer Engineering at Purdue University.  As the Nancy Uridil and Francis Bossu Professor in Civil Engineering, her specialty is Geomatics Engineering.

Crawford also serves as professor and chair of Excellence in Earth Observation.

Education
Ph.D., Ohio State University, systems engineering 1981 
MSCE, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, civil engineering 1973 
BSCE, University of Illinois, civil engineering 1970,

Career
As a professor at the University of Texas, Austin, Crawford founded an "interdisciplinary research and applications development program in space-based and airborne remote sensing.”  Besides being an Associate Dean at Purdue, Crawford holds the Purdue Chair of Excellence in Earth Observation and is the Director of the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing.  Crawford has worked with NASA, the US Department of State, and was the 2013–2014 President of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society and an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Purdue University faculty
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Women in optics
John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant. The John J. Carroll Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) is a water treatment plant operated since 2005 by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) to treat water bound for Greater Boston. The plant is located at the town lines of Marlborough, Northborough, and Southborough, Massachusetts.

History
CWTP is named after John J. Carroll, an original member of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) board of directors. It was constructed from 1999 to 2005, and opened in July 2005. It replaced a prior facility only used for pH control. In addition to water treatment, CWTP has five concrete contact chambers capable of storing . Its construction budget was US$340 million.

Operation
For water treatment, CWTP utilizes four ozone generators, designed to handle an average capacity of  per day—although average daily consumption is lower, at approximately —and a peak level of  per day. Ultraviolet light treatment was added in April 2014. A 500 kW photovoltaic array is used to harness solar energy, reducing operational cost.

, water treatment performed at CWTP consists of:

Water for CWTP comes from the Wachusett Reservoir, primarily via the Cosgrove Tunnel, with the Wachusett Aqueduct as a standby backup. Treated water then flows towards Boston primarily via the MetroWest Water Supply Tunnel, with the Hultman Aqueduct as a secondary system. The Sudbury Aqueduct and Weston Aqueduct serve as emergency backups.

References

Further reading

External links
 

Water supply and sanitation in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Marlborough, Massachusetts
Zhang Jin (physical chemist). Zhang Jin (; born December 1969) is a Chinese physical chemist and nanotechnologist. He serves as Professor and Deputy Dean at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, and as Deputy Director of the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology.

Biography
Zhang was born in Wangjiayuan Township of Tongxin County, Ningxia in December 1969. He has an elder brother. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Lanzhou University in 1992 and 1995, respectively. He completed his doctoral work in 1998 there under the supervision of Liu Zhongfan. He conducted postdoctoral research at the University of Leeds from 1998 to 2000.

In 2000 he joined the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, becoming professor in 2006 and deputy dean in 2015. In October 2018 he was appointed deputy director of the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology.

Honours and awards
 2001 Outstanding Young Chemist Award of Chinese Chemistry Society (CCS)
 2005 New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of Ministry of Education
 2007 Natural Science of Sci-Tech Achievements in Universities (First Class; second contributor)
 2007 National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar
 2008 State Natural Science Award (Second Class; second contributor)
 2011 Supervisor of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation
 2013 Cheung Kong Professorship
 2015 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
 2017 State Natural Science Award (Second Class) 
 November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

References

External links
Zhang Jin on the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology 

1969 births
People from Tongxin County
Living people
Chemists from Gansu
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Academic staff of Peking University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Chinese nanotechnologists