omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Active Space Technologies. Active Space Technologies is a Portuguese company, with main offices in Portugal, headquartered in Coimbra, which offers products and services in the fields of thermo-mechanical engineering (thermal and structural analysis, design, manufacturing and testing) and electronics engineering (embedded systems and digital control), as well as providing management support services for technology transfer and development projects (project management, systems engineering and project coordination). The company operates in the global markets of aerospace, defence, automotive and nuclear fusion, and also in scientific sectors. In addition to its offices in Coimbra and Lisbon, it has others in Southampton (United Kingdom) and Noordwijk (The Netherlands).

Milestones
 In August 2015, Active Space Technologies made equipment for NASA.
 In October 2008, Bruno Carvalho, CEO of Active Space Technologies, was awarded the 2nd edition of Young Professionals Entrepreneurship Prize while he attended the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Glasgow.
 In July 2008, Active Space Technologies become a member of AFIA, the Portuguese Association of Automotive Suppliers.
 In November 2007, Active Space Technologies opened, through a joint venture with local entrepreneurs, its German associate company (Active Space Technologies GmbH).
 In June 2007, Active Space Technologies was given the “Young Entrepreneur of the Year” award by the Portuguese National Association of Young Entrepreneurs (ANJE).
 In March 2007, Active Space Technologies agreed to provide 6 engineer-months of structural engineering support to the Mars Gravity Biosatellite, a project jointly run by MIT and Georgia Tech.
 In November 2006, Active Space Technologies was granted a contract to provide expertise to nuclear fusion project ITER.
 In May 2006, following its expansion strategy, Active Space Technologies moved into a new office in the Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN), University of Coimbra's business incubator and technology transfer centre.

References

External links
 Official website

Portuguese brands
Portuguese companies established in 2004
Engineering companies of Portugal
Technology companies established in 2004
Organisations based in Coimbra
ADtranz DE-AC33C. The Blue Tiger (manufacturer designation: DE-AC33C) is a type of high powered diesel-electric locomotive developed by ADtranz in association with General Electric.

History and design 
The prototype was unveiled in 1996.

Initially the axle load was expected to be a light  and the power at ~. In practice, the German locomotives had an axle load of  (which is normal for this type of diesel locomotive).

General Electric supplied diesel engines and electrical transmission system (which used IGBT-based inverters driving AC traction motors). The rest of the locomotive was built by AdTranz in Kassel.

For the Pakistani export models a 16-cylinder engine was used.

Bombardier took over AdTranz in 2001, subsequently the Blue Tiger locomotive was shown at InnoTrans in 2002 with a view to European orders. The German production models had a mass of  (axle load ) and an engine power of .

As of 2009, the class is no longer listed as a production model by Bombardier; GE also lists the family as a former production type. For the European market, Bombardier produces the less powerful diesel variants of the TRAXX family, whilst GE offers variants of its Evolution series for export.

Operators

Pakistan 
The first orders for the locomotives came from Pakistan Railways in the late 1990s. The locomotives were being built to a gauge of  and powered by a 16-cylinder engine of  instead of the 12-cylinder engine used in the prototype and other production models. The first ten were shipped out, the remainder assembled under license in Pakistan.
Pakistan Locomotive Series Start From 6001 to 6030.

Malaysia

Twenty locomotives were built to  gauge in 2003–2004 for KTM. They were designated as "Class 26" (Numbers: 26101 – 26120).

All the locomotives were named after capes in Malaysia. In the first decade of operations the locomotives proved more reliable than the Malaysian Class 29 locomotives bought at around the same time.

Germany 

10 Locomotives were built to  gauge with a view to leasing or orders.

Various companies have used the locomotives. Initially Karsdorfer Eisenbahngesellschaft GmbH (KEG) was to use 8 units, but went bankrupt in 2005. In 2006, the distribution was:
Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen (5 units including the prototype)
ITL Eisenbahngesellschaft (Import Transport Logistik) (2 units)
Havelländische Eisenbahnen AG (4 units)

Models 

A working scale model of this locomotive has been produced by the Slovenian company Mehano in N, TT and HO scale.

References

External links 

 Blue Tiger images (Europe) railfaneurope.net
 Bombardier FLEXXX Bogies FLEXX Power 120 type used in Blue Tiger locomotives

Co′Co′ locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Adtranz locomotives
Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Diesel–electric locomotives of Malaysia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Pakistan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1996
Diesel–electric locomotives of Germany
The Last One (software). The Last One is a computer program released in 1981 by the British company D.J. "AI" Systems. Now obsolete, it took input from a user and generated an executable program in the BASIC computer language. 

The name derived from the idea that The Last One was the last program that would ever need writing, as it could be used to generate all subsequent software.

The software was a program generator, as distinct from an actual programming language, as programs were generated by the user selecting options from menus that would form the basis of the generated code. This was done in a logical sequence that would eventually cause a program to be generated in BASIC. At any time, the user could elect to view a flow chart showing the current progress of the program's design.

The program was available on various different computer platforms of the time.

Example
An example of a program to sort the names in a Christmas Card list in alphabetical order:

1. OPEN FILE <XMASLIST>
2. SET POINTER TO START OF FILE
3. SORT FILE
4. INPUT FROM FILE
5. IF END OF FILE REACHED BRANCH TO 8
6. OUTPUT DATA
7. UNCONDITIONAL BRANCH TO 4
8. TERMINATE

References

Notes
 THE LAST ONE Trademark - Registration Number 1218969 - Serial Number 73318733 :: Justia Trademarks

BASIC interpreters
Python Server Pages. Python Server Pages (PSP) is a name used by several different implementations of server-side script engines for creating dynamically-generated web pages by embedding Python in HTML. For example, an implementation of Python Server Pages was released with mod_python 3.1 in 2004.
Spyce, which also claims the phrase "Python Server Pages", was first released in 2002.
The Webware for Python suite also contains an implementation of Python Server Pages released as early as 2000.
An earlier tool with a similar function also called Python Server Pages but based on Java and JPython was first released in 1999.

It was one of the earliest web development support in Python and has long since been surpassed in popularity by systems such as Django or Flask.

References

Python (programming language)
Baby-Brousse. The Baby-Brousse is a Citroën 2CV-based utility vehicle, initially privately built, that later spawned the FAF series of vehicles.

Similar to a metal-bodied Citroën Méhari, the Baby-Brousse was a success with more than 31,000 being built from 1963 to 1987. The entire body was made of folded sheet metal with the other parts being bolted together  without welding.

Background
The Citroën 2CV baby bush finish was produced in Ivory Coast between 1962 - 1979 in 1,320 examples. This vehicle comes from the imagination of Maurice Delignon, a craftsman in Abidjan and passionate hunter. He is having his 2 CV AZL transformed to make it more usable in the bush. The concept will then be industrialized by another expatriate, Jacques Deniau. Industrialization began in 1968 at the Ateliers et Forges de l'Ebrié in Abidjan, whose owners were two Frenchmen, MM. Letoquin and Lechanteur, with engines and chassis imported from mainland France.

Sales figures

Baby Brousse-type vehicles have been made and sold under different names in several places:
Baby Brousse in Ivory Coast (1963–1979), 1,320 built.
SAIPAC Jyane-Mehari in Iran (1970–1979), 9,315 vehicles.
Citroën Yagán in Chile (1973–1976), 651 examples  (or 1,500 examples).
Indonesia Baby Brousse 480 & FAF 600 
Central African Republic Baby Brousse 180 & FAF 60 
Namco Pony in Thessalonika, Greece (1974–83), built with Dyane 6 components in a specifically built factory. These had better build quality and equipment than others. 30,000 examples were built (16,680 according to Marie & Étienne Christian). The Pony was the only Baby Brousse exported to the United States.
Mehari in Senegal & Guinea Bissau (1979–1983), ± 500 vehicles.
Vietnam Citroën La Dalat (1969–1975) was manufactured, with 3,850 examples produced. Its creator, Jacques Duchemin, proposed the FAF concept to Citroën when he returned to France after the fall of Saigon.

FAF

The first FAFs were built in 1977, at the Citroën plant in Mangualde, Portugal.

Other
In Argentina: Savoiacars, has prepared some cars based on the Méhari, with improved platform and engine, and another with a body of their own design.

Various kit car style bodies were also developed, inspired by the Méhari, such as Belgium's VanClee.

References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers
Electric dragster. An electric dragster is a drag racing vehicle which contains an electric propulsion system which is powered by batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors (ultracapacitors), and sometimes they include a combustion engine to recharge their ESS (Energy Storage Systems).

Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly common because electric propulsion systems have recently been gaining recognition as a replacement for gasoline and diesel powered propulsion systems. They are being considered as replacements for gasoline and diesel powered vehicles for many reasons, including the high efficiency of electric motors, their reliability, as well as their torque curves which can be achieved without a costly transmission. The torque characteristics of electric motors are attractive because they produce large amounts of torque, and they start producing most of it at zero RPM.

One of the most significant problems which affect electric vehicle performance is the power density of their energy storage systems (energy density is a contributing factor too). Batteries and supercapacitors especially have relatively low energy densities compared to liquid fuels such as gasoline.  Associated increases in mass can result in slower acceleration when compared to a gasoline-powered vehicle with similar power and weight characteristics.  Increased mass can also increase braking distances and pitching. Offsetting these disadvantages is the benefit that batteries in an electric dragster can be evenly placed along the floor to keep the centre of mass low.

See also 
Electric dragbike

References 

Drag racing cars
Electric drag racing
Dry bay. Dry bays are the compartments immediately adjacent to fuel tanks or other flammable fluids. They frequently contain fluid lines, control lines, electrical equipment, etc. Ballistic damage to some of these bays, from penetration due to weapons fire or other causes, can allow fuel to enter the bay causing fire after contact with electrical components, and loss of the aircraft.

During the Vietnam War the United States suffered combat losses totalling some 5000 aircraft: 2500 fixed-wing jets and 2500 helicopters. As losses increased during the course of the conflict, studies were initiated to find a way to reduce the loss rates, with research that continued after the war. The research analysis revealed that fuel fires and explosions accounted for 50% of the losses, and that  half of these were attributable to fuel explosions in voids or so-called dry bays. As a result, the military services in the US and elsewhere joined in an effort to improve the survivability of jet aircraft and helicopters.  This led to development and experimentation with a variety of approaches that addressed fire extinguishing in several areas, including engine nacelles/bays, dry bays, fuel tanks, occupied spaces such as cabins and cargo bays, and ground and ship flight decks.

References

Containers
Aircraft components
Abvolt. The abvolt (abV) is the unit of potential difference in the CGS-EMU system of units. It corresponds to  in the SI system and 1/ statvolt ≈  in the CGS-ESU system.

A potential difference of 1 abV will drive a current of one abampere through a resistance of one abohm.

In most practical applications, the volt and its multiples are preferred. The national standard in the United States  deprecates the use of the abvolt, suggesting the use of volts instead.

The name abvolt was introduced by Kennelly in 1903 as a short name for the long name (absolute) electromagnetic cgs  unit of e.m.f. that was in use since the adoption of the cgs system in 1875. The abvolt was coherent with the CGS-EMU system, in contrast to the volt, the practical unit of e.m.f. that had been adopted too in 1875.

Notes

References 

Units of electrical potential
Centimetre–gram–second system of units
Critical Software. Critical Software is a Portuguese international information systems and software company, headquartered in Coimbra. The company was established in 1998, from the University of Coimbra's business incubator and technology transfer centre, Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN). The company has other offices in Porto,Lisbon (Portugal), Southampton (United Kingdom), Munich (Germany) and California (United States).

Critical Software develops systems and software services for safety, mission and business-critical applications in several markets, including aerospace, defense, automotive, railway, telecoms, finance, and energy and utilities. The company's competencies include system planning and analysis, system design and development, embedded and real-time systems, command and control systems, security and infrastructure, systems integration, business intelligence, independent software verification & validation, UxD, AI, digital transformation and smart meter testing.

Critical Software's delivery unit was the first in Portugal to be rated at CMMI Maturity Level 5. The company is one of a few dozen organizations in the world which have both waterfall and agile software development units rated at Maturity Level 5.

Critical Group
The Critical Group comprises a series of technology companies, many of which were formed from concepts originally developed within Critical Software.

 Critical Materials develops products that provide diagnostics and prognostics for critical structural systems. The company was acquired by the original co-founders and rebranded Stratosphere S.A.
  is a technology company that helps seniors living in long-term care across Europe, the United States, and Brazil.
 Critical Links provides purpose-built solutions to simplify the delivery of digitized content to schools.
 Retmarker provides software for screening and progression monitoring of retinal diseases.
 Critical Manufacturing provides automation and manufacturing software for high-tech industries. The company was acquired by ASMPT in 2018.
 Watchful Software provided software that kept sensitive information safe from disclosure or security breaches. Symantec acquired it in 2017.

External links
Official site
Critical Software S.A., BusinessWeek
Achievements Small & Medium Sized Enterprises, European Space Agency
Critical Software Shows Portugal Can Grow, Forbes
Critical Software – Pioneers, Up Magazine

Notes and references 

 
Software companies of Portugal
Portuguese brands
Organisations based in Coimbra
FDU materials. FDU Materials are a class of regularly structured mesoporous organic materials first synthesized at Fudan University in Shanghai, China (hence FDU). FDU-14 -15 and -16 are formed by polymerizing resol around a lyotropic liquid crystal template and then removing the template by calcination.

Notes
	
Denyuan Zhao et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7053

Materials
FDU. FDU may refer to:

 Bandundu Airport, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Fairleigh Dickinson University, in New Jersey, United States
 FDU materials, a class of structured mesoporous polymers
 Firemen and Deckhands' Union of New South Wales, an Australian trade union
 Fudan University, in Shanghai, China
 Führer der Unterseeboote, a naval office of the German Empire during World War I
 United Democratic Forces (Benin) (French: ), a political alliance in Benin
 United Democratic Forces of Rwanda (French: ), a political alliance in Rwanda
 Faculty of Dramatic Arts (Serbian: ), a faculty in Serbia
SIPA S.1000 Coccinelle. The SIPA S.1000 Coccinelle was a French-built light civil utility aircraft of the 1950s.

Design
The Coccinelle was designed by Yves Gardan for SIPA as a very low cost all-metal trainer of very simple construction, intended for aero club use. It was a two-seat side-by-side low-winged aircraft with fixed-tricycle undercarriage and incorporated a number of standard automobile parts.

Production and service

The prototype first flew on 11 June 1955. Series production by Société Industrielle pour l'Aéronautique (SIPA) was planned to commence in 1956, but only two further examples were completed with the last being exported to Argentina.

In 2001, the first and third aircraft remained airworthy in France and Argentina, respectively. By 2010 F-BHHL no longer appeared on the French civil register, but in March 2013 LV-GFG remained active in Argentina.

Specifications (S.1000 Coccinelle)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1950s French civil utility aircraft
S1000
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1955
Hans Reissner. Hans Jacob Reissner, also known as Jacob Johannes Reissner (18 January 1874, Berlin – 2 October 1967, Mt. Angel, Oregon), was a German aeronautical engineer whose avocation was mathematical physics. During World War I he was awarded the Iron Cross second class (for civilians) for his pioneering work on aircraft design.

Biography
Reissner was born into a wealthy Berlin family that benefited from an inheritance from his great-uncle on his mother's side. As a young engineering graduate, he spent a year in the U.S. working as a draftsman. After this year, he broadened his academic interests to include physics. As a young academic, he published mathematical papers on engineering problems.

Before World War I, Reissner designed the first successful all-metal aircraft, the Reissner Canard (or Ente) with both skin and structure made of metal. This was constructed with assistance from Hugo Junkers who had previously shown little interest in aviation. Both were professors at the University of Aachen. The first flight was made on May 23, 1912, with Robert Gsell at the controls.

During the Nazi regime Reissner was able to work in the aircraft industry although he did not have an Aryan certificate. In 1935 he lost his post at Technische Universität Berlin due to his Jewish ancestry, and in 1938 he emigrated to the United States. He taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology (1938–44) and the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1944–54).

Curiously, it was this engineer, rather than a physicist or mathematician, who first solved Einstein's equation for the metric of a charged point mass. His closed-form solution, rediscovered by several other physicists within the next few years, is now called the Reissner–Nordström metric.

Eric Reissner (Max Erich Reissner, 1913–1996), his son, developed Mindlin–Reissner plate theory.

References

External links
Hans Reissner Papers MSS 30. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.

Engineers from Berlin
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Junkers people
1874 births
1967 deaths
American engineers
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
American Jews
Robert D. Cess. Robert Donald Cess (March 3, 1933 – March 22, 2022) was a professor of atmospheric sciences at Stony Brook University. He was born in Portland, Oregon. Cess earned his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Oregon State University and his master's degree from Purdue University in Indiana in 1956. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh in 1959. He is a recognized leader in the fields of climate change and atmospheric radiation transfer. His research interests involved modeling of climate feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish global climate change, and interpreting surface and satellite remote sensing data.

He was a part of studies which have found problems with the ability of model the transmission of shortwave radiation through a cloud-free atmosphere, and designed an experiment to test the accuracy of the models. They reported that they found agreement between the models and the observations of clear-sky shortwave radiation at the surface for the period studied, 1985 to 1988. Cess was a lead author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and worked with the National Science Foundation on understanding greenhouse warming and its associated policy implications. He died on March 22, 2022, at his home in Connecticut.

Awards
Cess won numerous awards, including NASA's highest scientific honor, the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, in 1989. In 2006, he received the Jule G. Charney Award, which is awarded to scientists in recognition of significant research in the atmospheric or hydrologic sciences, from the American Meteorological Society "for his outstanding contributions to our understanding of the science of atmospheric radiation and climate change and the role of clouds in climate models".

Selected publications

References

1933 births
2022 deaths
American atmospheric scientists
Oregon State University alumni
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Stony Brook University faculty
Mohamed Nasr Eldin Allam. Mohamed Nasr Eldin Allam () was appointed as Egyptian Minister of Irrigation and Water Resources by President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak on 11 March 2009, replacing Mahmoud Abu Zeid.

He was previously Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering in the Cairo University Faculty of Engineering, and was founder and general manager of Nile Consultants, an engineering consulting firm in Cairo.

Qualifications
 B.Sc. (1975) "Civil Engineering" Cairo University (Egypt)
 M.Sc. (1980) "Irrigated agricultural expansion planning in developing countries" Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (USA)
 Ph.D. (1982) "Irrigated agricultural expansion: investment scheduling, income redistribution & resilient system design" Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (USA)

References
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Egyptian engineers
Irrigation ministers of Egypt
Living people
Academic staff of Cairo University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Cairo University alumni