omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Albert J. Winegar. Albert James Winegar (October 28, 1868 – April 30, 1935) was an American mechanical engineer and politician.

Born in Clayville, New York, in the town of Paris, Winegar moved with his parents to Moody County, Dakota Territory in 1878. Winegar graduated from Dakota Agricultural College (now South Dakota State University) in 1892 and was a mechanical engineer. In 1896, Winegar moved to Beloit, Wisconsin where he worked as a mechanical engineer. He also worked in the insurance business and owned an automobile service station in Beloit, Wisconsin. Winegar served on the Beloit Common Council and was a Republican. In 1915, Winegar served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. During World War I, Winegar served in the United States Army Air Service. Winegar died in a hospital in Beloit, Wisconsin.

Notes

External links

1868 births
1935 deaths
Politicians from Beloit, Wisconsin
Politicians from Oneida County, New York
People from Moody County, South Dakota
Military personnel from Wisconsin
South Dakota State University alumni
American mechanical engineers
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Wisconsin city council members
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Engineers from New York (state)
20th-century members of the Wisconsin Legislature
Airfer Titan. The Airfer Titan is a family of Spanish paramotors that was designed and produced by Airfer of Pontevedra for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when the line was available the aircraft were supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Titan was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single Falcon  engine in pusher configuration with a 2.2:1 or 3.42:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .  The aircraft is built from a combination of aluminium tubing, with a titanium chassis.

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Variants
Titan 110
Model powered by a  Falcon engine with a 2.2:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller.
Titan 120
Model powered by a  Falcon engine with a 3.42:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller.

Specifications (Titan 110)

References

Titan
2000s Spanish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Airfer Tornado. The Airfer Tornado is a Spanish paramotor that was designed and produced by Airfer of Pontevedra for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Tornado was designed as an aircraft for large pilots, to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single Cors'Air M21Y  engine in pusher configuration with a 2.2:1 ratio reduction drive and a  diameter two-bladed composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is .  The aircraft is built from a combination of aluminium tubing, with a titanium chassis.

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (Tornado)

References

Tornado
2000s Spanish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Airfer. Airfer Paramotores (formally Paramotores Air-Future, S.L.) is a Spanish aircraft manufacturer once based in Pontevedra and more recently in Socuéllamos in the Province of Ciudad Real. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors and powered parachutes in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

Airfer has produced a line of paramotors that make use of titanium frames to save weight in increase durability. Older models no longer in production include the Airfer Bimax, Titan and Tornado. The current production paramotor is the Airfer Explorer series.

The company also produces powered parachutes, including the now out-of-production Airfer Transan. Current powered parachute designs include the Trike C1, Trike C1 Sport, Rumbo 250, Diamond Thor 250, Yumbo and the Mustang.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Spain
Ultralight aircraft
Powered parachutes
Paramotors
Abdal Bridge (Bursa). The Abdal Bridge () is a stone arch bridge in Bursa, Turkey.  It was constructed in 1669 to carry the road to Mudanya across the Nilüfer River.  Today it connects the Acemler and  Hürriyet quarters of Bursa.   The bridge was restored in 1971, and has been closed to vehicles since 1978.

The bridge was built at the instigation of a merchant called Abdal Çelebi, who was a Sufi follower (Murid) of Niyâzî-i Mısrî.   The construction took three years.   It is constructed of sandstone, and comprises twelve arches.   These were only partially visible before the restoration, since the ends were filled in with soil.

The bridge is  long and  wide.  It incorporates a stone parapet on its northern side and an inscription at its middle point.   This dates from 1984 when the bridge underwent further restoration, and gives the year of construction for the bridge as 1667.

References

Ottoman bridges in Turkey
Arch bridges in Turkey
Pedestrian bridges in Turkey
Stone bridges in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Bursa
Buildings and structures completed in 1669
Bridges completed in the 17th century
Tourist attractions in Bursa
Deck arch bridges
Transport in Bursa
Ottoman architecture in Bursa
Electro-olfactography. Electro-olfactography or electroolfactography (EOG) is a type of electrography (electrophysiologic test) that aids the study of olfaction (the sense of smell). It measures and records the changing electrical potentials of the olfactory epithelium, in a way similar to how other forms of electrography (such as ECG, EEG, and EMG) measure and record other bioelectric activity.

Electro-olfactography has been used for decades to advance the basic science of smell, although the advances in molecular biology in recent decades have expanded olfactory science beyond the knowledge that the electrical recordings of electro-olfactography alone could provide. Electro-olfactography is closely related to electroantennography, the electrography of insect antennae olfaction.
Neuroscientist David Ottoson (1918-2001) discovered the electro-olfactogram (EOG) and analysed its properties in great detail.

References

External links
 Search PubMed for "electroolfactogram"

Electrophysiology
Mathematics in medicine
Maria Strømme. Maria Strømme, (born 7 April 1970 in Svolvær) is a Norwegian physicist who lives and works in Sweden.

Career 
She became a professor in nanotechnology at Uppsala University in 2004. She became Sweden's youngest professor in a technical subject. Strømme holds a master of science degree in engineering physics, and completed her doctoral thesis in solid state physics in 1997 at Uppsala University. She became a scientist at Naturvetenskapliga forskningsrådet. Between 2002 and 2007, she worked as an academy physicist and she was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. She is also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

References

1970 births
Living people
People from Vågan
Norwegian emigrants to Sweden
Swedish physicists
Academic staff of Uppsala University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
Marathon Anacortes Refinery. The Anacortes Refinery is a petroleum refinery located about 70 miles north of Seattle on March Point (Puget Sound), just outside Anacortes, Washington, United States. The refinery has operated in Anacortes since 1955, and has 425 full-time employees. It has a 120,000 barrels per day (bpd) capacity and is operated by Marathon Petroleum.

Production 
The refinery receives crude feedstock via the Trans Mountain pipeline from Canada, by rail from North Dakota and the central U.S., and by tanker from Alaska and foreign sources. Gasoline, jet and diesel fuel are the primary products, which are supplied to end users predominantly in Washington and Oregon. Other products include heavy fuel oils, liquefied petroleum gas, and asphalt. Secondary processing facilities include a fluid catalytic cracker, an alkylation unit, hydrotreating units and a naphtha reformer. Finished products are shipped through a third-party pipeline system that serves western Washington and Oregon.

Explosion 

On April 2, 2010, an explosion at the Anacortes refinery killed seven workers when a heat exchanger failed during startup after a maintenance operation.

See also 
 Puget Sound Refinery

References 

Oil refineries in Washington
1955 establishments in Washington (state)
Energy infrastructure completed in 1955
Buildings and structures in Skagit County, Washington
Anacortes, Washington
Puget Sound Refinery. The Puget Sound Refinery is an oil refinery on March Point near Anacortes, Washington, United States. It is operated by HF Sinclair and is one of the largest employers in Skagit County. The refinery has a capacity of 145,000 barrels a day, making it the 52nd largest in the United States, in 2015, with facilities that include a delayed coker, fluid catalytic cracker, polymerization unit and alkylation units. HF Sinclair’s refinery produces three grades of gasoline, fuel oil, diesel fuel, propane and butane. This plant is currently the only refinery in Washington state unable to accommodate tight oil via rail. The permitting process is currently underway for the proposed 60,000 b/d unloading capacity of the East Gate Rail Project.

History

The refinery was built by Texaco in 1957. Its initial capacity of 45,000 barrels a day (bbl./d.) came online in 1958.

Before 1998 Shell Oil operated the neighboring Shell Anacortes Refinery (discussed below). Shell and Texaco combined their refining and marketing operations, assets valued at $17 billion, in 1997. The joint business was known as Equilon.  Antitrust litigation accepted the deal under the condition that Shell sell its current refinery, located directly north of (adjacent to) the newly-acquired Equilon refinery. The jointly owned former Texaco refinery was renamed the Puget Sound Refinery.  At the neighbor refinery, meanwhile, Tesoro, an independent Texas-based midstream and downstream company, won bidding for the old Shell Anacortes Refinery at $237 million, with an additional payment of $60 million for net working capital. Tesoro became Andeavor in 2017, and with Marathon Petroleum's purchase of Andeavor in 2018, the one-time Shell Anacortes Refinery became the Marathon Anacortes Refinery.

When Texaco merged with Chevron in 2001, Shell bought out Texaco's share of Equilon, making Shell the sole owner of both Equilon and the Puget Sound Refinery.

Shell sold the Puget Sound Refinery to the HollyFrontier in 2021 for $350 million. As of 2022 it has a capacity of 149,000 barrels a day  and serves customers in the Pacific Northwest, including British Columbia, as well as the major international air and sea ports in the region.

References 

Oil refineries in Washington
Shell plc buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Skagit County, Washington
Anacortes, Washington
1957 establishments in Washington (state)
Energy infrastructure completed in 1957
Samara Wijesinghe. Samara Wijesinghe (21 August 1943 – 4 September 2015)  was a Sri Lanka engineer, author, poet and blogger.

Biography
Wijesinghelage Samarasena Wijesinghe was born in Kegalle, Sri Lanka. He completed his education at Government Science College, Matale and embarked on his first job as a mechanical engineer at the National Steel Corporation. He later moved to Lanka Walltiles PLC before embarking on his own plywood production house.

Publications

Samara was a prolific poet in Sinhalese with many publications in both print and electronic media to his name. A short summary includes the following:

චූල ගායිකාව (short stories) 2003
ගෝත්‍රිකාව (short stories) 2004
නොසිදුවීම් කීපයක් (short stories) 2005
එක කවිය සිය වරක් (poetry) 2009
සේදී ගිය පාට (short stories)2009
සද්ධර්ම කතා- සද්ධර්මරත්නාවලියේ එන කෙටිකතා කීපයක් (short stories - Retold stories from Saddharma Rathanawaliya) 2010

Presence in Electronic Media

Wijesinghe maintained a blog titled 'නොසිදුවීම් කීපයක්' (Non-Events). The collected short stories from this were subsequently published as a book by the same name. He was a vocal presence in the Sinhalese blog-sphere, encouraging other bloggers to write and publish their work. As the first collection of online writings he led the popular Sinhalese website Boondi.lk to publish Boondi Akshara Senaga (බූන්දි අක්ෂර සෙනග).

References

2015 deaths
Sinhalese writers
1943 births
Fieseler F 6. The Fieseler F 6 was a two-seat trainer and sport aircraft developed, built, and flown at the Fieseler Aircraft Works in Kassel.

History
The two-seater sports aircraft Fieseler Fi 6 was also equipped with the powerful Hirth Motor HM.60R, which had already given the Fieseler F 5 R speed and agility.

As a further development of the Fieseler F 5 R, the aircraft featured additional optimizations to the wing shape, resulting in improved flight characteristics and an even more elegant silhouette. A prototype from Fieseler-Werke was registered in the mid-1930s under the factory designation D-EBIX.

See also
 List of aircraft

References

1930s German sport aircraft
F 6
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Daniel Hennequin. Daniel Hennequin (born 14 December 1961) is a French physicist. His primary research areas include the dynamics of lasers and cold atoms. He is a former member of the board of the Société Française de Physique, and the winner of the 2013   of the French Optical Society.

References

External links
 Daniel Hennequin personal website

Living people
French physicists
1961 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Glass working. Glass working refers collectively to a wide range of techniques and artistic styles that use glass as the primary medium. Some common forms of glass working are:

Glassblowing, the creation of hollow objects such as bottles and vases by blowing air through molten glass
Glass sculpture, works sculpted or molded from glass
Stained glass, glass colored by various means, usually in an artistic fashion

See also
Glass beadmaking
Glass polishing
Glass production
History of glass

Other media
metal working
wood working

Glass
SFCA Lignel 10. The SFCA Lignel 10 was a French single seat aircraft designed to bridge a training gap between basic trainers and front-line fighters.  The military requirement was soon dropped and only one was built.

Design and development
The Lignel 10 of 1938 was a wooden low wing cantilever monoplane, one in the series of Société Française de Construction Aéronautique designs stretching back to the 1935 SFCA Maillet 20. It was a single-seater, intended to meet a military requirement for a trainer that would assist the pupil's transition from simple two seat trainers to faster and more complex fighters with flaps and retractable undercarriages. The wings of the Lignel 10, like those of the rest of the series were in three parts, with a rectangular plan centre section without diheral and outer panels which, on the Lignel 10, had about 6° of dihedral. The leading edges of these outer panels were straight and only slightly swept but the trailing edges were increasingly curved towards the wing tips. Inset ailerons and the split flaps were both on the outer panels.

The Lignel 10 was powered by a  Renault 6Q-03 air-cooled, supercharged, inverted 6 cylinder inline engine. The cockpit, enclosed under multi-part glazing, placed the pilot over the wing trailing edge. The rear fuselage was raised to continue the canopy line, dropping gently away to the tail.  Its fin and tailplane, the latter mounted at mid-fuselage, had straight, swept edges but rounded tips and carried round-edged, unbalanced control surfaces.  The rudder extended down to the keel and worked in a small elevator cut-out.

Its tailwheel landing gear had its main legs mounted at the outer ends of the wing centre section at about 40% chord, retracting outwards into the outer wing panels,  Each leg carried a single landing wheel.

The Lignel 10 first flew in February 1938. It was undergoing tests at Villacoublay in July, completing them by December 1938.  Only one was built as the military requirement was soon abandoned.

Specifications (Lignel 10)

Notes

References

1930s French military trainer aircraft
SFCA aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Dessauite-(Y). Dessauite-(Y) is a mineral member of the crichtonite group with the formula . It is associated with derbylite, hematite, rutile, karelianite, siderite, and calcite. Founded in the Buca della Vena Mine, Tuscany, Italy, the mineral was called dessauite in honor of professor Gabor Dessau (1907–1983).

Structure
Dessauite occurs as small, flattened rhombohedral crystals, tabular {001} with hexagonal outline. Members of the crichtonite group may be confused with ilmenite or hematite. The difference between dessauite and other minerals in the crichtonite group is the occurrence of three additional octahedral sites and of a site in square pyramidal coordination, all with low occupancies. The mineral is black and opaque, presents a metallic luster, and it is brittle. Dessauite presents dimensions of diameter up to 1mm and thickness up to 0.2mm. In reflected plane-polarized light the color is ash-grey with pale bluish tones. The calculated density is 4.68 g/cm3. The habit is tabular, forming thin dimensions in one direction and hardness of 6.5 and 7. Dessauite differs from other elements of the crichtonite group because of the quantity of cations and X-ray diffraction pattern.

Occurrence
Dessauite was found in the Buca della Vena Mine, Apuan Alps, northern Tuscany, Italy, with many other minerals, coming from hydrothermal fluids circulating through a small hematite-barite ore deposit within dolomite, during an alpine metamorphic event. It occurs in calcite veins hosted within dolomite and is associated with calcite, rutile, hematite, siderite, and derbylite.

See also 
 List of minerals

References

Oxide minerals
Natural materials
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148
Cable robots. Cable-driven parallel robots (cable robots in short, also called as cable-suspended robots and wire-driven robots as well) are a type of parallel manipulators in which flexible cables are used as actuators. One end of each cable is reeled around a rotor twisted by a motor, and the other end is connected to the end-effector. One famous example of cable robots is Skycam which is used to move a suspended camera in stadiums. Cables are much lighter than rigid linkages of a serial or parallel robot, and very long cables can be used without making the mechanism massive. As a result, the end-effector of a cable robot can achieve high accelerations and velocities and work in a very large workspace (e.g. a stadium). Numerous engineering articles have studied the kinematics and dynamics of cable robots (e.g. see  In The International Journal of Robotics Research 27.9 (2008): 1007–1026. for an enhanced of the concept). Dynamic analysis of cable robots is not the same as that of other parallel robots because cables can only pull an object but they cannot push. Therefore, the manipulator is able to perform a task only if the force in all cables are non-negative. Accordingly, the workspace of cable robots is defined as a region in space where the end-effector is able to exert the required wrench (force and moment vectors) to the surroundings while all cables are in tension (non-negative forces). Many research works have focused on workspace analysis and optimization of cable robots. Workspace and controllability of cable robots can be enhanced by adding cables to structure of the robot. Consequently, redundancy plays a key role in design of cable robots.

However, workspace analysis and obtaining positive tension in cables of a redundant cable robot can be complicated. In general, for a redundant robot, infinite solution may exist, but for a redundant cable robot a solution is acceptable only if all the elements of tension vector are non-negative. Finding such a solution can be challenging, especially if the end-effector is working along a trajectory and a continuous and smooth distribution of tensions is desired in cables. In literature, several methods have been presented to solve such problems a computational method is introduced based on Particle Swarm Optimization method to find continuous smooth solutions along a trajectory for a general redundant cable robot).

In addition to parallel cable robots, cables have been used as actuators in serial robots as well. By employing cables as actuators a mechanism can be designed much smaller and lighter (e.g. a human-like finger mechanism actuated by cables is presented in ).

References

Mechanisms (engineering)
Robots
China National Erzhong Group. China National Erzhong Group is a Chinese state-owned heavy machinery company, which makes smelting and forging equipment, with its headquarters in Deyang, Sichuan. In 2015, it defaulted on interest payments after a local court accepted a restructuring request from one of its creditors.

As of 2008, it had 12,650 employees.

Overview 
Erzhong is a manufacturer of numerous aggregates for Chinese infrastructure, including critical one. It includes nuclear power plants projects, crankshafts for cargo ships, hydroelectric power turbines blades. Yet one of its unique achievements is a 22,00-ton steel hydraulic press forge that is used for production of bulkheads, landing gear, engine parts for China's Air Force and commercial passenger planes. It was suggested it can be used for aircraft carriers production, armor plating, spacecraft, and high-pressure mining tools.

References

External links
China Second Heavy Machinery Group Corporation website

Government-owned companies of China
Manufacturing companies of China
Companies based in Sichuan
Chinese brands
Erosion (disambiguation). Erosion is the gradual removal of a substance by chemical or mechanical means. 

Erosion may also refer to:

Erosion (dermatopathology) 
Erosion (morphology)
Acid erosion or tooth erosion
Aeolian erosion or wind erosion
Bank erosion
Fluvio-thermal erosion
Bone erosion
Coastal erosion
Soil erosion

See also
 
 
 Erode (disambiguation)
Energy in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 168 PJ in 2019, of which 37% from oil, 30% from hydropower and 26% from coal. The total electricity generation was 13.9 TWh (50 PJ), of which 92% came from hydroelectricity, the only significant renewable source in the country.

Hydroelectricity is generated by 7 large hydropower plants, all on the river Naryn, and 12 smaller hydropower plants, with a total installed capacity of 3.07 GW. The Kyrgyz government plans to expand the hydropower capacity by 4.6 GW with four main projects: Kambar-Ata-1, Upper Naryn cascade, Suusamyr-Kökömeren cascade and Kazarman cascade.

References