omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ford Ecotorq engine. Ecotorq is a heavy duty diesel engine family primarily used in Ford Cargo heavy duty trucks, designed and built by Ford Otosan. Ecotorq is the first diesel engine which is completely built with CAD/CAM technologies in Turkey. Ecotorq family is produced in Ford Otosan's truck and engine transmission plant located in İnönü, and JMC Xiaolan engine plant in Nanchang, China under license of Ford Otosan. 

The Ecotorq engine has been developed along the second generation Ford Cargo (H298) heavy duty truck, which is a in-house project of Ford Otosan. First generation of Ecotorq engine made its debut in 2003. It replaces the Ford Dorset/Dover series water-cooled turbodiesel engine and competes for the Turkish local market with Cummins B and C series engines used in various BMC trucks, and with Mercedes-Benz and MAN heavy duty engines.

Ecotorq is built two different generations by its debut. Unlike its predecessor, all generations of Ecotorq engine are mounted on the axis of the chassis rather than Dover series engines are mounted with angle, watercooled and 24-valve valvetrain architecture.

First Generation 
First generation of Ecotorq engines made its debut in 2003 along the Ford Cargo (H298) with 7.3L displacement.

Applications 
Automotive applications with all generations of Ecotorq include the following:

See also 
 Ecotorq Engine Family

References

Ecotorq engine
Straight-six engines
Diesel engines by model
NZR UB class. {{DISPLAYTITLE:NZR UB class}}

The NZR UB class were a series of Ten Wheelers built by American manufacturers for New Zealand Railways (NZR) around the start of the twentieth century. Two batches were built by Baldwin in 1898 and 1901 (ten each). The earlier batch of engines had slide valves and inside Stephenson motion, the later had piston valves and Walschaerts valve gear, as well as a higher boiler pressure.

Alco engines

Two additional locomotives were obtained in 1901 from ALCO, one each from Brooks and Richmond. 
 The Brooks locomotive (#17) was heavier (30.1 long tons adhesive weight) with attendant increase in tractive effort (18340 lbf), and had a larger grate (17 sq ft). This locomotive was very popular with crews. This locomotive was dumped on the Oamaru foreshore. 
 The Richmond locomotive had less evaporative heating surface but included a superheater. Boiler pressure was lower (180 psi) and tractive effort was marginally lower.

The locomotives were initially assigned to Dunedin to Christchurch expresses and were reassigned as newer power replaced them. The last assignment for the class was on the West Coast Region.

See also
 NZR U class
 NZR UA class
 NZR UC class
 NZR UD class
 Locomotives of New Zealand

References

Citations

Bibliography 

 
 
 

Steam locomotives of New Zealand
4-6-0 locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Brooks locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1898
Laron Wizard. The Laron Wizard is an American homebuilt aircraft produced by Laron Aviation Tech of Borger, Texas. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Wizard features a strut-braced high-wing, a twin-boom tail layout, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear, with a tail skid, and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from a combination of bolted-together aluminum tubing and fiberglass, with its flying surfaces covered doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing, mounts flaps and has a wing area of . The wing is supported by a single lift strut and jury strut per side. The acceptable power range is  and the standard engines used are the  Rotax 582, the  Rotax 618 or the  Hirth 2706 two stroke powerplants or the  Rotax 912UL four stroke engine.

With the Rotax 582 engine the Wizard has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot, passengers and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 450 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 240 kits had been sold and 220 aircraft were completed and flying.

Specifications (Wizard)

See also
Ultralite Soaring Wizard, a different aircraft with the same model name

References

External links
Photo of a Wizard

Wizard
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
AN/PRC-113. AN/PRC 113 Radio Set is a manpack, portable VHF and UHF AM combat radio transceiver manufactured by Magnavox America. In the Joint Electronics Type Designation System (JETDS), AN/PRC translates to "Army/Navy, Portable, Radio, Communication.

History 
The AN/PRC-113 is a tactical, short range, manpack, ground to air / air to ground / ground to ground radio used primarily by Forward Air Controller (FAC) teams, Forward Observers (FO) and Marine Air Command and Control agencies. It was also used by some units in the active army, national guard and reserves, but mostly by support elements. It was first introduced by the Magnavox Corporation in 1986 and was quickly well liked by ground troops because of its simplicity and ease of use.

Technical characteristics 
The AN/PRC 113 consists of the RT-1319 transceiver and minor components. It can provide secure voice communications with the external TSEC/KY-57 device and is compatible with the HAVEQUICK II frequency hopping mode. It is a radio designed to allow ground forces to communicate with aircraft on either the VHF AM aircraft band (116.000 to 149.975 MHz) or the UHF AM aircraft band (225.000 to 399.975 MHz) in 25 kHz steps. Some versions also have FM capabilities that allows communications on the same frequency range in FM mode. Its first use was for the GRC-206 Program Pacer Speak used by Forward Air Controllers (FAC).

All AN/PRC-113s contain a "Guard Receiver" tuned to the military rescue/survival frequency of 243 MHz but not to the civilian counterpart frequency of 121.5 MHz. These radios have been phased out and replaced by the newer manpack ASIP and AN/PRC-148 MBITR radios that cover everything between 2 and 512 MHz.

Users 
Users include the Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal New Zealand Air Force, US Military, US Army Green Berets, US Army Rangers, US Army Night Stalkers, USMC MAGTF, US Navy/USMC VBSS teams, US Navy SEAL teams, US Navy/Army/Air Force EOD units, US Air Force TACP and JTAC.

See also

 List of military electronics of the United States

References

Military radio systems of the United States
Military electronics of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Channel-to-channel adapter. In IBM mainframe technology, a channel-to-channel adapter (CTCA)
 is a device that connects two input/output channels on (usually) two separate computer systems.

The adapter allows one computer system to be treated as an input/output device by another.  It is used "to link the processing units in a loosely coupled multiprocessing system.

Virtual channel-to-channel adapters (VCTCA) are often used to communicate between two virtual machines in the z/VM operating system. The Virtual Machine Communication Facility (VMCF), and later Inter User Communication Vehicle (IUCV) are now often used in place of VCTCAs because they provide a simpler interface and improved performance.

References

IBM mainframe technology
Acetone oxime. Acetone oxime (acetoxime) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CNOH.  It is the simplest example of a ketoxime. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, and ligroin.  It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Acetone oxime (acetoxime) was first prepared and named in 1882 by the German chemist Victor Meyer and his Swiss student Alois Janny.

Preparation 
Acetone oxime is synthesized by the condensation of acetone and hydroxylamine in the presence of HCl:
(CH3)2CO  +  H2NOH   →   (CH3)2CNOH  +  H2O
It can also be generated via ammoxidation of acetone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

Uses
Acetone oxime is an excellent corrosion inhibitor (deoxidant) with lower toxicity and greater stability compared to the common agent hydrazine. It is also useful in the determination of ketones, cobalt and in organic synthesis.

References 

Ketoximes
Mulling (spectroscopy). Mulling is the process of grinding up a sample into fine powder through mortar and pestle that is dispersed in a paraffin for infrared spectroscopy.

Sample preparation
Using a nonporous ceramic mortar and pestle, a small quantity of the solid sample is ground up until the sample is exceedingly fine and has a glassy appearance. A drop of the mulling agent is added to the ground solid in the mortar. The mixture is further ground up until a uniform paste with the consistency of toothpaste is acquired. The resulting paste is transferred to a salt plate (sodium chloride) with a small flat spatula. The disks are gently pressed together, leaving the sample ready for analysis.

Mulling agents
There are a variety of mineral oils used as mulling agents, their differences being the absorption bands in the infrared spectra.

The most common mineral oil is Nujol, which is  essentially a liquid paraffin based solution and when used for mulling, strong carbon to hydrogen bond absorptions are exhibited in the infrared spectrum. The carbon to hydrogen bond absorptions that may be present in the sample itself are masked by those from the Nujol mulling agent.

Fluorolube is also commonly used, and is essentially a fluorocarbon based solution and exhibits strong carbon to fluorine bond absorptions from 1300 cm−1 onwards to 400 cm−1 in the mid-infrared spectrum.  The useful range for observation of a sample in a mid-infrared spectrum when using Fluorolube as the mulling agent is 4000 cm−1 to 1300 cm−1.

Therefore, if possible, it is preferable to run a sample as both a Nujol mull and a Fluorolube mull. This allows for all of the spectral features of the sample to be seen in an infrared spectrum, because the regions masked by each specific mulling agent are unaffected in the other spectrum.

References

Infrared spectroscopy
Las Brisas Mohawk. The Las Brisas Mohawk is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Las Brisas Sales of Ozark, Missouri. When it was available the aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
Based upon the Avid Flyer, which it greatly resembles, the Mohawk features a strut-braced high wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit accessed via doors, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from metal tubing, with its flying surfaces and fuselage covered doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing features Junkers flaperons, has a wing area of  and is supported by "V" struts with jury struts. The plans specify standard hydraulic brakes, a steerable tailwheel and wings that fold for ground transport or storage. The standard engine used is the  Rotax 503 two-stroke powerplant, which gives a standard day, sea level takeoff distance of  and a landing roll of .

The Mohawk has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied plans as 900 hours. In 1998 the designer indicated that the aircraft could be completed for US$6,500 excluding labor.

Modern Interest and Legacy

Although the Las Brisas Mohawk is no longer available as of 2014, its design continues to capture the interest of homebuilt aircraft enthusiasts. Its combination of simplicity, affordability, and versatility made it an attractive option for amateur builders during its production period. The Mohawk’s capability to be stored in compact spaces thanks to its foldable wings remains a standout feature, appealing to hobbyists with limited hangar space. Additionally, its low operating costs and ease of assembly make it a frequent topic in online forums and communities dedicated to experimental aviation.

Potential for Revival

The Mohawk’s solid performance characteristics, such as its 1,200 ft/min rate of climb and 320-mile range, still hold relevance for light aircraft builders today. There has been ongoing speculation within the homebuilt aircraft community about the possibility of modernizing the Mohawk’s plans. Suggestions for updates include integrating lightweight composite materials and alternative engines like four-stroke powerplants or electric propulsion systems. A revival of the Mohawk design, equipped with contemporary technology, could address the growing demand for eco-friendly, efficient, and affordable personal aircraft.

Specifications (Mohawk)

References

Mohawk
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
1991 in spaceflight (January–June). This is a list of spaceflights launched between January and June 1991. For launches between July and December, see 1991 in spaceflight (July–December). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.

Orbital launches

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References

(January-march), 1991 in Spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
1991 in spaceflight (July–December). This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1991. For launches between January and June, see 1991 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.

Orbital launches

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References

Footnotes

(July-December), 1991 in Spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
Alok Mittal. Alok Mittal is an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He was born in 1969 in Allahabad. Mittal is posted as Additional Director General of Police in Haryana. He served as Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon from February 2013 to November 2014 and worked as Inspector General for the National Investigation Agency in India from April 2015 to June 2020.

Early life 
He did his schooling from Balrampur and Gonda in Uttar Pradesh (UP).
Mittal earned a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee in 1990, and master's degree in Police Management from Osmania University, Hyderabad. He completed his LLB from MDU, Rohtak, Haryana and his Post Graduate Diploma in Cyber Laws (PGDCL) from NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad.

Posts
He graduated as part of the 1993 batch, Haryana cadre. He served in many posts, including:
 SP Panchkula, December 1996 – October 1999 (2 years 11 months)
 SP CBI Economic Offences Wing & Cyber Crime Cell, Central Bureau of Investigation, New Delhi November 2001 – November 2005 (4 years)
 SSP Panipat, Haryana December 2005 – January 2007 (1 year 2 months). Mittal started the first Indian all-women PCR in Faridabad, Haryana in 2007. His public centric initiatives to improve policing in Gurgaon received wide appreciation from all sections of society.
 SSP Faridabad, Haryana January 2007 – June 2008 (1 year 6 months)
 SSP Rohtak, June 2008 – June 2009 (1 year 1 month)
 Joint Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon, June 2009 – October 2011 (2 years 5 months)
 Inspector General of Police, Rohtak Range, Haryana Police, October 2011 – February 2013 (1 year 5 months) Rohtak Area, India
 Commissioner of Police Gurgaon , Feb 2013- Nov 2014. He started the Cyber Safe Campaign in Gurgaon, along with Rakshit Tandon, a cyber security expert. It was conducted in two phases in July–August, 2013 and November, 2014 to educate students, teachers and parents in schools and colleges about the various problems related to cyber security. The campaign covered more than 60 schools and around 60,000 students and reached 4,000 teachers/parents. A summer internship program with the Cyber Crime Cell of Gurgaon Police was also started as part of the Cyber Safe Campaign, the campaign saw engineering and management graduates from various colleges/universities spread in all parts of the country.
 IGP Law & Order, Haryana Nov 2014-April 2015
 Inspector General, National Investigation Agency, April 2015-June 2020  (5 year 2 months) New Delhi, India

Recognition
 Indian Police Medal for Meritorious Service in 2009.
 President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Services in 2016.
 Unon Home Minister's  Asadharan Aasuchana Kushalata Padak 2021 for excellent intelligence service.

References 

Indian police chiefs
Svobodny Railroad Car Repair Plant. The Svobodny Railroad Car Repair Plant or Svobodnensky car-repair plant () is an enterprise for the repair of railroad cars. It is located in Svobodny, Amur region, Russia.

The plant is part of the Transvagonmash company.

History
The plant was founded in 1933 under the name Mikhaylo-Chesnokovsky car-repair plant. Since 1968, it has been called Svobodnensky car-repair plant.

During the Great Patriotic War the company built flamethrowers.

The plant now repairs gondola cars and makes railroad wheels.

References 

Companies based in Amur Oblast
Manufacturing companies of Russia
Mechanical engineering companies of Russia
Manufacturing companies established in 1933
1933 establishments in the Soviet Union
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Serpentine geometry plasma actuator. The serpentine plasma actuator represents a broad class of  plasma actuator. The actuators vary from the standard type in that their electrode geometry has been modified in to be periodic across its span.

History
This class of plasma actuators was developed at the Applied Physics Research Group (APRG) at the University of Florida in 2008 by Subrata Roy for the purpose of controlling laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows. Since then, APRG has continued to characterize and develop uses for this class of plasma actuators. Several patents resulted from the early work on serpentine geometry plasma actuators.

In 2013, these actuators started to get broader attention in the scientific press, and several articles were written about these actuators, including articles in AIP's EurekAlert, Inside Science and various blogs.

Current research and operating mechanisms

Serpentine plasma actuators (like other Dielectric Barrier Discharge actuators, i.e. plasma actuators) are able to induce an atmospheric plasma and introduce an electrohydrodynamic body force to a fluid. This body force can be used to implement flow control, and there are a range of potential applications, including drag reduction for aircraft and flow stabilization in combustion chambers.

The important distinction between serpentine plasma actuators and more traditional geometries is that the geometry of the electrodes has been modified in order to be periodic across its span. As the electrode has been made periodic, the resulting plasma and body force are also spanwise periodic. With this spanwise periodicity, three-dimensional flow effects can be induced in the flow, which cannot be done with more traditional plasma actuator geometries.

It is thought that the introduction of three-dimensional flow effects allow for the plasma actuators to apply much greater levels of control authority as they allow for the plasma actuators to project onto a greater range of physical mechanisms (such as boundary layer streaks or secondary instabilities of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave). Recent work indicate that these plasma actuators may have a significant impact on controlling laminar and transitional flows on a flat plate. In addition, the serpentine actuator has been experimentally demonstrated to increase lift, decrease drag and generate controlling rolling moments when applied to aircraft wing geometries.

With the greater level of control authority that these plasma actuators may potentially possess, there is currently research being performed at several labs in the United States and in the United Kingdom looking to apply these actuators for real world applications. Recent numerical work predicted significant 
turbulent drag reduction by collocating serpentine plasma actuators in a pattern to modify energetic modes of transitional flow.

See also
 Plasma actuator
 Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle
 Applied Physics Research Group
 University of Florida
 University of Florida College of Engineering

References

Plasma technology and applications
Actuators
Ministry of Industry (Japan). The  was a cabinet-level ministry in the Daijō-kan system of government of the Meiji period Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1885. It is also sometimes referred to as the “Ministry of Engineering” or “Ministry of Industry”.

History 
The Cabinet officially announced the establishment of the Public Works on December 12, 1870, by the advice of Edmund Morel, chief engineer of the Railway Construction to achieve rapid social and industrial development. After long arguments of 10 months, on September 28, 1871, the Meiji government completed arrangement of organization of 11 departments, which were mostly transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It included railroads, shipyards, lighthouses, mines, an iron and steel industry, telecommunication, civil works, manufacturing, industrial promotion, engineering institution and survey. Each department had to be relied on the foreign advisor and officer for a while, but gradually replaced them with Japanese engineers, who received training in the Engineering Institution. Main function of the Engineering Institution was to manage the Imperial College of Engineering (the predecessor of the Tokyo Imperial University College of Engineering). One of the key roles of the ministry was locating, and if necessary, reverse engineering overseas technology. For example, in 1877, only a year after the invention of the telephone, engineers employed by the ministry had obtained examples and were attempting to create a domestic version. By the mid-1880s, many of the industries created by the Ministry of Industry were privatized. With the establishment of the cabinet system under the Meiji Constitution on December 22, 1885, the ministry was abolished, with its functions divided between the new Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Communications.

References

Notes 

Industry
Government of the Empire of Japan
1870 establishments in Japan
1880s disestablishments in Japan
1885 disestablishments in Asia