omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bertha Lamme Feicht. Bertha Lamme Feicht (December 16, 1869 – November 20, 1943) was an American engineer. In 1893, she became the first woman to receive a degree in engineering from the Ohio State University. She is considered to be the first American woman to graduate in a main discipline of engineering other than civil engineering.

Early life and education 
She was born Bertha Lamme on her family's farm in Bethel Township near Springfield, Ohio on December 16, 1869.

After graduating from Olive Branch High School in 1889, she followed in her brother, Benjamin G. Lamme's footsteps and enrolled at Ohio State that fall.

She graduated in 1893 with a degree in mechanical engineering with a specialty in electricity. Her thesis was titled "An Analysis of Tests of a Westinghouse Railway Generator." The student newspaper reported that there was an outbreak of spontaneous applause when she received her degree.

Career 
She was then hired by Westinghouse as its first female engineer. She worked there until she married Russell S. Feicht, her supervisor and fellow Ohio State alumnus, on December 14, 1905.

Personal life 
She had one child, Florence, born in 1910, who became a physicist for the U.S. Bureau of Mines.

Bertha Lamme Feicht died in Pittsburgh on November 20, 1943 and was buried in Homewood Cemetery.

Her husband Russell died in April 1949.

Legacy 
 Some of her personal effects, including her slide rule, T-square, and diploma, are housed in the collections of the Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh.

The Westinghouse Educational Foundation, in conjunction with the Society of Women Engineers, created a scholarship named for her in 1973.

References

Further reading

1869 births
1943 deaths
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
People from Clark County, Ohio
American women engineers
American electrical engineers
Burials at Homewood Cemetery
Human computers
Punit Boolchand. Punit Boolchand is a materials scientist, a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems (EECS) in the College of Engineering and Applied Science (CEAS) at the University of Cincinnati (UC), where he is director of the Solid State Physics and Electronic Materials Laboratory He discovered the Intermediate Phase: an elastically percolative network glass distinguished from traditional (clustered) liquid–gas spinodals by strong non-local long-range interactions.  The IP characterizes space-filling, nearly stress-free and non-aging, critically self-organized non-equilibrium glassy networks (such as window glass, ineluctably complex high-temperature superconductors, microelectronic Si/SiO2 high-k dielectric interfaces, and protein folding).  His experimental data over a 25-year period (1982–2007) formed the basis for the theory of network glasses developed by James Charles Phillips and Michael Thorpe.  The theory was adopted by Corning Inc. and was a substantial factor contributing to the development of Gorilla glass by Corning scientists including John C. Mauro. These networks, although disordered, exhibit many nearly ideal properties that have revolutionized glass science and technology, as part of HD TV and glass covers for devices such as cell phones.

Biography
Boolchand was born in 1944, in Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, in Northern India. He moved to the US in the Fall of 1965, becoming a graduate student at Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, OH, receiving his PhD in the Fall of 1969. He then joined University of Cincinnati as an assistant professor in the Physics Dept, moving to the Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) in 1987; when the Computer Science Dept was merged into ECE it became EECS.

He also spent time as a visiting scientist at Stanford University and as a visiting professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium. He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1995 for Mossbauer studies of chalcogenide glasses that elucidate coordination, cluster formation, and incipient phase separation. He was nominated by the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.

Publications
He has published 45 papers which have received more than 100 citations each. His most cited papers are 
Xingwei Feng, W. J. Bresser, and P. Boolchand "Direct Evidence for Stiffness Threshold in Chalcogenide Glasses" Physical Review Letters volume 78, number 23 (June 7, 1977), Which has received 440 references according to Google Scholar 
P. Boolchand, D.G. Georgiev " Discovery of the intermediate phase in chalcogenide glasses"  Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Material, Volume 3, Issue 3, p. 703–720 Sept 2001(paper received the Boris T. Kolomiets Award). Sept 2001, which has received 371 citations

References

External links
 Official lab web page at University of Cincinnati
personal web page at University of Cincinnati

1944 births
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American materials scientists
Living people
Scientists from Varanasi
University of Cincinnati faculty
Indian emigrants to the United States
Graphotype. Graphotype was a process of autographic engraving by which typographic printing blocks were produced.

Process
A block of chalk or some similar material is reduced to a level surface. On this surface, a design is drawn with a glutinous ink, the ink being sufficiently fluid to penetrate some little distance into the porous chalk. The ink having become dry, gentle friction is applied to the surface of the block so as gradually to rub away those parts of the chalk which are not indurated by the glutinous ink. The lines of the drawing being thus left in relief, a perfect model of the required printing block is obtained and this model is next hardened by immersion in a bath containing a solution of an alkaline silicate. After this, the block is dried and reproduced by the stereotype or the electrotype process.

This method of typographic engraving was brought to a practical form and patented in 1860 by an American wood engraver, Mr. de Witt Clinton Hitchcock. The first step in his process is to reduce French chalk or talc to an extremely fine state of division by repeated grindings, elutriations, and siftings. After this is complete, a layer of the material (over an eighth of an inch in thickness) is forced down upon and made to adhere to a thick zinc plate, the necessary pressure being obtained by means of a hydraulic press, the platen of which is faced with a polished steel plate, so as to communicate a good surface to the layer of compressed French chalk. The device is now drawn reversed on the prepared block with an ink consisting of a weak solution of glue colored by lamp black or some other pigment. In drawing on the prepared block, care must be taken not to damage the somewhat tender surface of the compressed chalk and the safest instrument with which to apply the glutinous ink is a fine sable brush, but an ordinary pen may be employed if the operation of drawing is performed with caution. A pad of silk velvet or a fitch brush may be used for rubbing the block so as to leave the lines in relief, and it is quite sufficient to continue the friction until a depth equal to the thickness of an ordinary playing card is produced, the spaces corresponding to any extended whites of the engraving being then cut out by means of a tool. A 10% solution of sodium silicate may be used for hardening the block and, when dry, nothing remains but to take a mould from it and to reproduce it in metal.

References

Citations

Bibliography
 .

Engraving
Printmaking
Chongqing International Trade and Commerce Center. The International Land-Sea Center is a 98 storey,  tall mixed use skyscraper under construction in Chongqing, China. The tower is the main building for the Chongqing International Trade and Commerce Center, an 11 tower development that is the centerpiece of the 3.6 million-square-meter Chongqing Tian Di Master Plan, a major redevelopment of a downtown core area in Chongqing. The tower's design is inspired by the sailing ships that once crowded the waters of the surrounding Yangtze and Jialing Rivers. Upon completion it will become the tallest building in Chongqing, and one of the tallest buildings in China.

History 
The Chongqing International Trade and Commerce Center was first proposed in 2007 with construction eventually starting in 2012. However, in 2016 the construction slowed dramatically. In late 2019, construction eventually ramped up and the main tower topped out in July 2022. The complex is slated for completion in 2025 and will feature office, residential, retail, and entertainment space to bring energy, activity, and value to the site.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in the world
 List of tallest buildings in Chongqing

References

Buildings and structures under construction in China
Skyscraper office buildings in Chongqing
Skyscraper hotels in Chongqing
Skyscrapers in Chongqing
IBML. ibml (Imaging Business Machines, L.L.C.), founded in 1992, is a privately held information capture company headquartered in  Irondale, Alabama, United States. Combining hardware and software products and services, ibml products provide end-to-end scanning and document capture.

History and technology 
Founded as a document scanning company on August 1, 1992, by Gary Murphy, ibml has grown into an information capture business that focuses on design, manufacture, delivery, and the support of high-speed document capture scanners and software. The ImageTrac scanner, a core product, was first shipped to Australian Airlines to read ticket numbers and capture color images of tickets for the airline revenue accounting process.  It became the scanner of choice for the airline industry soon thereafter.

In 1997, ibml released SoftTrac software to manage ImageTrac scanners.  The series continued to evolve; ImageTrac II was introduced in 2000, and ImageTrac III and ImageTrac IV were released in about 2003. In 2009, these scanners were selected for use by the 2010 United States Census. 2010 saw the introduction of the ImageTrac Series 5000 platform. This was followed by the launch of SoftTrac Capture Suite software in 2011, the ImageTracDS line of products in 2012, SoftTrac Synergetics intelligent document recognition software in 2013, and the ImageTrac Series 6000 in 2014. In 2020, the company unveiled the FADGI 3-Star Certified ibmlFUSiON™ high-speed intelligent scanner.

In June 2007, the majority of ibml was purchased by the private equity firm Ares Management. A minority is owned by management.  The board of directors consists of two individuals from Ares Management, one independent party, and ibml's CEO, Martin Birch.

References

Further reading 
 Business Insider article "ibml Unveils World's Fastest, Ultra-High-Volume, Intelligent Scanner: The ibml FUSiON, the Most Comprehensive Intelligent Information Capture Solution", February 10, 2020  
 RealWire news article "ibml appoints Donald C. Monistere as chief operating officer", June 13, 2019
 ECM Connection news article "ibml's ImageTrac Named High Volume Imaging Product Of The Year For Ninth Consecutive Year", November 5, 2015
 Zawya news article "Kodak Alaris Showcases Knowledge Share Initiative at GITEX 2014 as it Focuses Investment in the Middle East Region", September 17, 2014
 ISM news article "$6.5M home for family-run technology business IBML", May 1, 2005
 Document Boss article "Business Leader Interview with Derrick Murphy, CEO of ibml", September 30, 2013
  Document Imaging Report article "ibml's Software and Solutions Business Accelerating", October 1, 2014
  PR Newswire article "Clear Ballot and ibml Announce Partnership to Introduce Ultra High-Performance Ballot Scanning to Elections", July 13, 2016
 ECM Connection news article "ibml Wins UK 2016 Document Manager Product Of The Year Award", December 6, 2016

Software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1992
Computer storage companies
1992 establishments in Alabama
2007 mergers and acquisitions
Methylammonium halide. Methylammonium halides are organic halides with a formula of , where X is F for methylammonium fluoride, Cl for methylammonium chloride, Br for methylammonium bromide, or I for methylammonium iodide. Generally they are white or light colored powders.

Applications

These salts are components of perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated for commercialization. The iodide is the most commonly used. Magneto-optical data storage concepts are also being testing based on various ammonium halides.

Production
These compounds are usually prepared by combining equimolar amounts of methylamine with the appropriate halide acid. For instance methylammonium iodide is prepared by combining methylamine and hydrogen iodide at 0 °C for 120 minutes followed by evaporation at 60 °C, yielding crystals of methylammonium iodide.

Crystallography
These compounds' crystallography has been the subject of much investigation. J.S. Hendricks published an early paper on them in 1928. Methylammonium chloride was investigated again in 1946 and methylammonium bromide in 1961.

See also
 Onium compound
 Methylammonium lead halide
 Methylammonium nitrate

References

Halides
Methylammonium compounds
Flying glass. Flying glass refers to pieces of broken glass (typically from a window) which become sharp missiles projected by the force which broke the glass, along with any strain energy due to tempering. They often cause cut-type injuries. 

Flying glass resulting from an explosion poses a significant risk in the event; up to 85% of injuries from an explosion are due to flying glass.
Severity of injury from flying glass depends on the peak overpressure of the blast. Potential for injury has been derived from both experiments and theoretical modeling of blast effects. Among the important features in models of flying glass are breaking pressure, velocity and distribution of flying fragments, fragment shape, and the distance traveled until impact. Mitigation strategies, such as the use of window glazing or laminated glass can reduce flying glass injuries.

References

Injuries
Glass engineering and science
David Klingberg. David John Klingberg  is a South Australian businessman, civil engineer and former Chancellor of the University of South Australia (1998–2008).

Between 1986 and 1998, Klingberg was managing director of engineering firm Kinhill Ltd. Klingberg is also a former director of Codan Ltd, Barossa Infrastructure Ltd, Snowy Hydro Ltd and former chair of the Premier's Climate Change Council in South Australia.

Klingberg was a director of Eyre Iron Pty Ltd, when it sought to develop the Fusion Magnetite Project circa 2011-13.

As of 2015 Klingberg is a director of ASX listed companies E&A and Centrex Metals Ltd. Klingberg is chair of a technical sub-group working on the Australian Government's National Radioactive Waste Management Project. Klingberg is a patron of the Cancer Council of South Australia and the St Andrew's Hospital Foundation.

As of 2017, Klingberg is a member of the Committee of the SA Division of ATSE.

Honours 
Klingberg has been highly decorated by the Australian Government for his service to engineering, the education sector, public policy and infrastructure development.

Klingberg received a Centenary Medal in 2001 for "service to Australian society in civil and mining engineering", was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2003 for "contributions to the tertiary education sector and through engineering projects designed to improve infrastructure and services" and was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2009 for "service to the tertiary education sector as a contributor to governance policy, and to commercial and economic development and infrastructure projects".

References 

Living people
Australian corporate directors
Australian engineers
Chancellors of the University of South Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Electric pulse fishing. Electric pulse fishing is a fishing technique sometimes used in trawl fisheries which produces a limited electric field above the seabed to catch fish. The pulse trawl gear consists of a number of electrodes, attached to the gear in the tow direction, that emit short electric pulses. The electrodes replace the tickler chains that are used in traditional beam trawl fishery. The pulse trawl fishery is mainly aimed at flatfish like sole, with by-catch plaice. In addition, the pulse trawl gear is applied in shrimp fisheries on a limited scale. Technically, the use of electricity to catch fish is prohibited in European waters. However, the European Union is able to provide exemptions to this rule since 2007. These exemptions are now mainly used by Dutch and British trawlers in the North Sea.

Electric pulse fishing should not be confused with pulse fishing, which is a fisheries management technique for preventing fish stocks from being overfished by periodically permitting a cycle of fishing followed by a fallow period which allows stocks to reconstitute.

Background
Electric pulse fishing is applied on a limited scale for catching flatfish. In this branch of demersal fishery different techniques can be used for disturbing fish on the seabed and sending them up into the belly of the net. In conventional bottom trawling the trawl doors and foot rope, which consists of steel chains mounted to the bottom of the net opening, disturb the seabed, causing the demersal fish to swim along in the mouth of the net until they succumb and fall into cod end. Electric pulse fishing gear does not involve these chains, but features cables with electrodes consisting of isolated and conductive elements mounted in the dragging direction. A short-lasting electric field is generated to disturb demersal fish without killing or paralysing them, but rather by causing an involuntary muscular contraction.

Electric pulse fishing consumes less energy compared to conventional trawling, due to the lighter trawl, lower fishing speed and lower frictive resistance from the seabed. It therefore requires significantly less fuel, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions and makes it an economically interesting alternative. As there is no "ploughing effect", this method of fishing has a less disastrous impact on the seabed ecosystem. It also involves fewer discards for all species categories that are discarded.

Animal rights
In January 2018, the European Parliament approved a call to ban electric pulse fishing, seen by some as cruel.

The UK banned the practice of Electric Pulse fishing on 1st January 2021 as one of the first actions after Brexit, where independence from the EU was required to ban it in the UK's Exclusive Economic Zone, though not its Territorial Waters.

France banned electric pulse fishing on 14 August 2019.

See also
 Electrofishing

References

External links
 Pulse trawling British Sea Fishing. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
 Pulse fishing dossier Wageningen University and Research. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
David B. Haviland. David Brant Haviland (born July 22, 1961, in Bar Harbor, Maine), is a Swedish-American physicist, professor in nanostructure physics and mesoscopic physics at the Royal Institute of Technology  in Sweden.

Haviland grew up in Ames, Iowa, and studied physics at Union College 1979–83, New York. Within the Fulbright program 1983/84 he was at the University of Göttingen. He received his Ph.D. in 1989 at the University of Minnesota. Between 1989 and 1997 he worked at Chalmers University of Technology before joining the Royal Institute of Technology as a professor in  1997.

His research on fundamental and applied physics in mesoscopic condensed matter. His research is focused on superconducting insulator quantum phase transition in thin films and related phenomena in single Josephson junctions and SQUIDs. He is also developing experimental and theoretical methods to investigate nonlinear dynamical systems by measuring and analyzing the intermodulation (frequency mixing, frequency mixing), this method was patented  and was developed for use in atomic force microscopy. Haviland has over 100 peer reviewed articles.

Haviland was awarded the Wallmark Prize in 2008 "for his discoveries concerning the development of mesoscopic physics". He was elected in 2011 as member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and is presently a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics.

Publications

References

External links 
 Homepage 

1961 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Union College (New York) alumni
University of Göttingen alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
Scientists from New York (state)
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
People from Bar Harbor, Maine
Adel F. Halasa. Adel F. Halasa is an American scientist (originally Jordanian) noted for his contributions to the development of rubber, particularly in the area of tire tread polymers for the Goodyear AquaTred tire. In 1997, he won the Charles Goodyear Medal, bestowed by the American Chemical Society, Rubber Division to individuals who  "have been the principal inventor(s), innovator(s), or developer(s) of a significant change or contribution to the rubber industry".

Education

Halasa attended the Bishop's School in Amman, Jordan. In 1955, Halasa received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Chemistry from the University of Oklahoma. He continued his studies and in 1959 completed his master's degree in organic chemistry at Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.  Halasa completed his Ph.D. at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana in 1964.  He later completed additional studies in polymer chemistry at the University of Akron.

Career

Halasa worked as a research associate, and group leader in materials development at Firestone Tire & Rubber Company, starting in 1963.  In 1979, he accepted an assignment with the Kuwaiti Government to establish a polymer program at the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research.  From 1983 to 2009, Halasa served as R&D Fellow at Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in Akron, OH.  His most cited works treated the subject of polar-modified alkyllithium polymerizations and copolymerizations, and the subject of the effect of crosslinking on changes in free volume in elastomers.

Honors and awards 

1997 Charles Goodyear Medal of the ACS Rubber Division
2004 Purdue University College of Science Distinguished Alumni award.

External links
 Audio interview with Adel Halasa.

References

Living people
Polymer scientists and engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Akron faculty
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Oklahoma alumni
Jordanian chemists
Tire industry people
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company people
Junkers Profly. Junkers Profly GmbH is a former German aircraft manufacturer based in Kulmbach. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes and fixed wing aircraft. The company was formerly located in Kodnitz.

Junkers Profly still exists in 2014, but it does not currently produce any of its own designs. Instead it markets the ProFe Banjo family of aircraft for ProFe as well as provides flight training, accessories and aircraft parts.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Ultralight trikes
Homebuilt aircraft