omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Susan M. Sanchez. Susan Marie Malila Sanchez (born 1959) is an American applied statistician and an expert in military applications of operations research, agent-based simulation, and in data farming of simulation results. She is a professor of operations research at the Naval Postgraduate School.

Education
Sanchez is a graduate of Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Michigan), and earned a bachelor's degree in industrial and operations engineering from the University of Michigan in 1981. She completed a Ph.D. in operations research at Cornell University in 1986, with a dissertation on Contributions to the Bernoulli Selection Problem supervised by Robert E. Bechhofer.

Career
She held a position as a faculty member in the College of Business and Public Administration at the University of Arizona from 1985 to 1992,
and in the School of Business Administration of the University of Missouri–St. Louis from 1993 to 2001.
However, after visiting the Naval Postgraduate School from 1999 to 2000 on sabbatical, she decided to move there as a professor. At the Naval Postgraduate School, she is a professor in the Operations Research Department, and is also affiliated with the Graduate School of Business & Public Policy. Since 2006, she has directed the Simulation Experiments & Efficient Design (SEED) Center for Data Farming at the Naval Postgraduate School.

Service
Sanchez chaired an Ad Hoc Committee on Women in Operations Research from 1993 to 1995 that led to the foundation of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Forum on Women in OR/MS. She was president of the Forum on Women in OR/MS in 2003, and president of the INFORMS College on Simulation from 2002 to 2004. She chaired the American Statistical Association Section on Statistics in Defense and Homeland Security in 2013.

Recognition
The INFORMS Military Applications Society gave Sanchez their Bernard Koopman Prize for outstanding work in military operations research in 2013. At the 2016 Winter Simulation Conference she was recognized as the 2016 "Titan of Simulation". She was elected to the 2017 class of Fellows of INFORMS, and was the 2018 winner of the INFORMS WORMS Award for the Advancement of Women in OR/MS.

References

External links
Home page

1959 births
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
American operations researchers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Cornell University alumni
University of Arizona faculty
University of Missouri–St. Louis faculty
Naval Postgraduate School faculty
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
20th-century American women mathematicians
21st-century American women mathematicians
Podolí Waterworks. Podolí Waterworks (in Czech: Podolská vodárna) is a big water supply equipment located in capital city of the Czech Republic, Prague, neighborhood Podolí. More precisely, it is located in Prague 4 on the right side of Vltava river between Vyšehrad and Swimming stadium Podolí (Plavecký stadium Podolí). The current complex was built between 1925–1929 on the place where former water supply infrastructure was located. In 1990s, it was completely reconstructed. From 2003, it serves only as backup water source in case of failure of other treatment plants. The complex was built in neoclassical architecture style and it is protected as a Cultural monument. It also serves as a Prague Waterworks Museum.

References

External links 

 

Infrastructure completed in 1929
Prague 4
Museums in Prague
Buildings and structures in Prague
Neoclassical architecture
Industrial buildings in the Czech Republic
Water supply infrastructure
1929 establishments in Czechoslovakia
20th-century architecture in the Czech Republic
Cruiser baseline. The cruiser baseline (CGBL) was a design study for a ship that has the combat capabilities of VLS-capable  (CG-52 onwards) while designing the hull to DDG-51 () standards and technology. The resulting design was considerably larger than the Ticonderoga-class design, owing to increased margins and allowances for weight and mission growth.

See also

Notes

Ship types
Abandoned military projects of the United States
Cancelled ships of the United States Navy
Cold War cruisers of the United States
Churia Tunnel. The Churia Tunnel () is a -long highway tunnel carved through the churia hill between Makwanpur and Bara of Nepal. It was constructed connecting the country's first motorable road between Amlekhganj in the terai and Bhimphedi settlement of Makwanpur, the point of entry into Kathmandu which served as a dry port, in the trade route between Kathmandu and Raxaul. 

It was the country's first highway tunnel.  Constructed in 1917 to reduce the travel time between the Indian border and Bhimphedi it has since fallen into disrepair. The entrance lies at the premises of the Churia (Churiya) Temple off Mahendra Highway in the outskirts of Hetauda, and efforts are ongoing to conserve the remaining structure.

History
The 13th Prime Minister of Nepal Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana assigned Dilli Jung Thapa, the country's first civil engineering graduate, as project chief to construct the tunnel. The tunnel was originally constructed to reduce travel time for horse-drawn carriages and lorries traversing the distance between the Indian border and Bhimphedi. The cost to construct the tunnel is not clear; according to historians the unspent budget allocation was returned to the treasury.

The tunnel has not been in use since construction of the "Pathlaiya-Hetauda road" (connecting Pathlaiya and Hetauda), and is presently unusable due to "decades of disuse and lack of maintenance".  The city of Hetauda is working to conserve the tunnel, with efforts led by the Churia Mai Temple and Tunnel Conservation Committee. The chair of the committee, Prem Bomjan, while talking about the restoration, said: "The tunnel has been in a sorry state for a long time. People were concerned that a landslide might obliterate the whole structure if immediate steps are not taken towards its conservation".  The Churia Tunnel was declared a site of historical importance by Hetauda Municipality. Future plans include erecting a statue of architect Dilli Jung Thapa near the site.

The Nepalese Army blocked the tunnel during the Maoist insurgency in Nepal. Some parts of the tunnel collapsed during the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, but the tunnel entrance is still intact.  Dilli Jung Thapa's grandson Janak Jung Thapa, while talking about the current status of Nepal, said: "If only Nepal's planners had seen the potential and built more tunnels like this one, the country would have seen much more rapid development".

See also 
List of roads in Nepal

References

External links

Road tunnels in Nepal
Makwanpur District
Tunnels completed in 1917
1917 establishments in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Hetauda
Buildings and structures in Bara District
Dilli Jung Thapa. Dilli Jung Thapa (1894–1946) was a chief engineer and colonel of Nepalese Army. He was the son of colonel Harka Jung Thapa and grandson of governor (Badahakim) of eastern Nepal colonel Gajraj Singh Thapa, he was the chief designer of Nepal's first highway tunnel carved through the inner terai between Hetauda and Amlekhganj.

Notable works
He gained his engineering degree from then Thomason College of Civil Engineering, Roorkee, British India. He was the pioneer engineer during the Rana regime. He is also known for reconstruction of the damaged Rana Durbars, Chandra irrigation canal in Saptari district, urban planning of Rajbiraj city based on replica of Jaipur, India, Nepal first ropeway cargo between Kathmandu and Hetauda and Charkhal adda.

References

Nepalese architects
Nepalese engineers
People from Kathmandu
1894 births
1946 deaths
20th-century engineers
20th-century Nepalese nobility
Novator (light armoured vehicle). The Novator () is a multipurpose infantry mobility vehicle, designed by the Ukrainian Armor company of Ukraine.

Technical description
The Novator weighs 9,000 kg and is 5.8 meters long, 2.405 meters wide, 2.164 meters high, and can carry up to 1,000 kg. It has a maximum road speed of 140 km/h and an operational range of up to 700 km. It is based on the chassis of the Ford F-550.

The vehicle has three main parts with the engine at the front, crew and troop compartment in the middle, and cargo area at the rear. It has a carrying capacity of up to five people with two seats in the front and three in the rear.

The vehicle is protected against small arms fire and shrapnel. A remote weapons station is available for optional armament.

Novator-2 
A new version of the Novator that has improved suspension and control, is 10 cm longer, and has thicker bulletproof glass windows was first presented in Poland in 2023 and was being tested as of January 2024.

Operators
 
 Ukrainian Armed Forces - 40

 
 Kadyrovites - captured from the Ukrainian army

Gallery

References

External links

 

Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s
Armoured cars
Armoured personnel carriers of Ukraine
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
KAI-19. The KAI-19 was a high performance, all-metal sailplane, built with advanced techniques in the USSR in the early 1960s.

Design and development

The KAI-15 was designed by a team led by P. Kamychev and built at the Kazan Aviation Institute (KAI), flying in 1963. It had chemically milled metal wings to reduce weight and highly polished wing surfaces in an attempt to maintain laminar flow over them, together with a low profile fuselage to minimize drag.

The all-metal shoulder-mounted wings were built around  single spars. Their skins were chemically milled to reduce thickness from 800 μm at the roots to 600 μm at the tips while maintaining the original 1200 μm thickness over the spars. They had laminar flow profiles and were tetrahedral in plan out to small salmon tip fairings. Each wing carried a two part aileron and three part flap, all sandwich-cored metal structures.

Its all-metal, semi-monocoque fuselage was slender, with a maximum cross-sectional area of 0.36 m2 This was achieved by giving the pilot a strongly reclined position under a two-piece canopy that occupied almost all the fuselage forward of the wing leading edge. Unusually, the cockpit was equipped with oxygen for high altitude flight. Behind the wing the fuselage tapered further to a cantilever T-tail. The broad vertical tail was essentially tetragonal in profile, with a generous rudder. The horizontal tail was also tetragonal but much smaller in area.

The KAI-19 landed on an electrically operated, fully retractable monowheel with an oleo strut and a disc brake.

It was able to launch with a total of  of water ballast. About half of this was in the fuselage, the rest in the wings.

Operational history

Not much is known about its history, beyond a probable first flight year of 1963 and a 1966 report that it had been under test for some months.

Aircraft on display

 An unmarked KAI-19 is displayed in the Central Russian Air Force Museum, Monino.

Specifications

References

1960s Soviet sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1963
Critical transition. Critical transitions are abrupt shifts in the state of ecosystems, the climate, financial and economic systems or other complex dynamical systems that may occur when changing conditions pass a critical or bifurcation point. As such, they are a particular type of regime shift. Recovery from such shifts may require more than a simple return to the conditions at which a transition occurred, a phenomenon called hysteresis. In addition to natural systems, critical transitions are also studied in psychology, medicine, economics, sociology, military, and several other disciplines.

Early-warning signals

Critical slow down

Significant efforts have been made to identify early-warning signals of critical transitions. Systems approaching a bifurcation point show a characteristic behaviour called critical slowing down leading to an increasingly slow recovery from perturbations. This, in turn, may lead to an increase in (spatial or temporal) autocorrelation and variance, while variance spectra tend to lower frequencies, and the 'direction of critical slowing down' in a system's state space may be indicative of a system's future state when delayed negative feedbacks leading to oscillatory or other complex dynamics are weak. Researchers have explored early-warning signals in lakes, climate dynamics, the Amazon rainforest, forests worldwide, food webs, dry-land transitions and epilepsy attacks.

Examples
Studies show that more than three-quarters of Amazon rainforest has been losing resilience since the early 2000s as measured by CSD and that tropical, arid and temperate forests are substantially losing resilience. It has been proposed that a loss of resilience in forests "can be detected from the increased temporal autocorrelation (TAC) in the state of the system, reflecting a decline in recovery rates due to the critical slowing down (CSD) of system processes that occur at thresholds".

Flickering
The above approach (looking for critical slow down) is how most researchers assess if a critical transition is imminent. However, in highly stochastic (random) systems, alternative basins of attraction will be reached well before bifurcation points are reached. Perturbations might therefore cause the system to 'flicker' between the basins of attraction.

Examples
This idea has gained considerable interest in the last few years, somewhat entering the mainstream.
The idea has been applied widely, to studies of ecological resilience (such as eutrophication of a lake
) and to larger systems such as the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

See also 

 Tipping points in the climate system
 Deforestation and climate change
 Ecological resilience
 Ecological threshold
 Ecosystem collapse
 Cascade effect (ecology)
 Percolation theory

References

External links 

 
 

Systems theory
Christopher Hadnagy. Christopher James Hadnagy is an American author and information technology security consultant. He is recognized for his contributions to the field of social engineering in information security.

Career 
Christopher J. Hadnagy is the founder and CEO of Social-Engineer LLC, a company specializing in education and training in social engineering. He also established Social-Engineer.Org, an IT security education website.

Over his 17-year career, Hadnagy has contributed significantly to the information security industry, including developing a social engineering framework, producing a newsletter, and hosting a podcast focused on the subject. 

He also serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona's Center of Academic Excellence in Cyber Operations, designated by the NSA.

In 2019, Vice reported that Hadnagy sold computer software designed for identifying anonymous online child predators to the FBI for $250,000.

Charitable Foundation 
In 2017, Hadnagy founded the Innocent Lives Foundation, dedicated to protecting children from online predators by investigating child exploitation, sexual abuse, trafficking, and the production of child sexual abuse material. The foundation collaborates with information security professionals, utilizes open-source intelligence (OSINT), and works with law enforcement agencies in the United States, including support from actor Erin Gray and the FBI.

DEF CON 
Hadnagy contributed to DEF CON by helping create a social engineering competition in 2009 and sponsoring one of the first social engineering capture the flag events in 2010. 

In 2018, he revealed his online moniker "LoganWHD" to a reporter from The New York Times. However, Hadnagy was permanently banned from DEF CON in 2022 for code of conduct violations, a decision he publicly disputed. He later sued DEF CON for harm to his reputation, a case that is currently pending.

BSides Cleveland 
In 2021, Security BSides in Cleveland Ohio featured Hadnagy as an unlisted "special guest" speaker. Controversy surrounding his participation and speaking led to several other speakers withdrawing from the event in the moment of speaking.

Organization sponsors that brought on Hadnagy included local security companies.

Books 
Christopher Hadnagy has authored several books on social engineering, including:

 Social Engineering: The Science of Human Hacking (2018, John Wiley & Sons Inc.) 
 Unmasking the Social Engineer: The Human Element of Security (2014, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 
 Phishing Dark Waters: The Offensive and Defensive Sides of Malicious E-mails (2015, John Wiley & Sons Inc.), co-authored with Michele Fincher and Robin Dreeke 
 Social Engineering: The Art of Human Hacking (2010, Wiley Publishing, Inc.) 
 Human Hacking: Win Friends, Influence People, and Leave Them Better Off for Having Met You (2021, Harper Business)

References

External links 

 Innocent Lives Foundation

American computer specialists
21st-century American male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Social engineering (security)
Phillips Brothers Mill. The Phillips Brothers Mill is a sawmill and box factory in Shasta County, California, near Oak Run, California, that was first built in 1898 and moved to its current site in 1933. It is notable for all production machinery being powered by stationary steam engines, little changed since it was first constructed. The mill produces both rough-sawn and planed lumber from locally harvested trees.  The adjoining box factory originally produced packing crates for fruit growers but now produces decorative boxes for a variety of customers and gift items for sale at the mill. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.  The listing included 17 contributing buildings and three contributing structures on .

Architect: Phillips Brothers

Historic function: Industry/processing/extraction

Historic subfunction: Manufacturing Facility

It is located approximately  northeast of Redding, California.

National Register of Historic Places reference number 02001406

References

External links
 Phillips Brothers Mill

CA
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
National Register of Historic Places in Shasta County, California
Industrial buildings completed in 1933
1933 establishments in California
Rybinsk RD-36-35. The  Rybinsk RD-36-35 was a small lift turbojet engine, designed for use on V/STOL aircraft at the Rybinsk Engine Design Bureau (RKBM), designed by Pyotr A. Kolesov. Very little is known of this engine, probably due to confusion with the similarly designated Kolesov RD-36 and Lotarev D-36, which have little or no relation to the lift-jet.

Variants and Applications 
RD-36-35
 MiG-21PD
 Mikoyan-Gurevich 23-01 (Mikoyan Guryevich E-7PD)
 Sukhoi T-58VD
RD-36-35PR
 Bartini Beriev VVA-14
RD-36-35F
 Bartini KOR-70 (Project for high speed VTOL ship-borne floatplane Kor.S)
 Yakovlev Yak-36M
 Yakovlev Yak-38U
RD-36-35FV(izdeliye 24) 
 Yakovlev Yak-36M
RD-36-35FVR
(izdeliye 28) 
 Yakovlev Yak-38
 Yakovlev Yak-38U
RD-36-35K
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105

Specifications (RD-36-35FV)

References

1980s turbojet engines
Lift jet
Serpentine Airfield. 

Serpentine Airfield  is located at the Hopeland, Western Australia.

The airfield is operated by the Sport Aircraft Builders Club of Western Australia.  the club has about 350 members, 100 hangars and approximately 135 aircraft including many rare and unique examples.

Gallery

See also
 List of airports in Western Australia

References

External links
 

 Sport Aircraft Builders Club of Western Australia
 Airservices Aerodromes & Procedure Charts

Airports in Western Australia
Airports established in 1975
Total sounding. Total sounding (TS) is a sounding method performed as part of geotechnical investigation. The sounding combines conventional rotary-pressure sounding with bedrock drilling, including rotation, ramming and flushing modes. The result indicates sediment stratification, occasionally soil type and may verify depth to bedrock.

History
The rotary-pressure sounding method was developed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) and the Public Roads Administration (NPRA) in 1967.

References

External links

In situ geotechnical investigations
Rotary-pressure sounding. Rotary-pressure sounding is a method of testing soil conditions that might be performed as part of a geotechnical investigation. A series of rods, with a specially designed tip, is forced into the ground under downward pressure. The rotation and speed of insertion are maintained at a constant rate, and the amount of force required to maintain that rate is measured. The results can be interpreted to provide information about sediment stratification, and sometimes also the type of soil and the depth to bedrock.

The rotary-pressure sounding method was developed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) in 1967.

References

In situ geotechnical investigations
Nelda Lee. Nelda Lee was a Boeing design and flight test engineer. Lee was the first woman to log one and a half hours of flight time in the F-15 eagle. She has been “recognized as a trailblazer in aerospace engineering and aviation”.

Early life and education
Nelda Lee was born and raised in Carrollton, Alabama. Lee attended Auburn University, located in Auburn, Alabama, and graduated the class of 1969. She received her bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering.  Lee was the second woman to graduate with an aerospace engineering degree at Auburn University.  Lee also received a master's degree in 1999 from Webster University in Management and Human Resources Development.

Career 
Lee worked at the well-known aviation company Heritage McDonnell Douglas Company, which is now known as Boeing Company. Her first job was working as an associate engineer at Heritage McDonnell Douglas. She was then an engineer for flight and ground tests of four military planes.  These four planes were the F-15 Eagle, AV-8 Harrier, T-45 Goshawk, and F/A-18 Hornet. She was the first woman to record one and a half hours in the F-15 Eagle.  After 45 years at a single company, Lee retired from aviation in 2014.

Awards and achievements 

Lee has been awarded the following awards/achievements:

 Women in Aviation Pioneers Hall of Fame 2004
 Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame
 Boeing Pride Award (13 times)
 Katherine & Marjorie Stinson Award for Achievement by the National Aeronautics Association in 2010
 Young Professional Award
 Auburn Alumni Association's Lifetime Achievement Award 2017
 Currently serving on the board of trustees for the Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum

Personal life 
Lee continues to enjoy aviation as one of her hobbies. Lee has been a vocal champion for women in the aerospace sector since her retirement. After retiring, she became the president of Whirly-Girls Inc., an association of female helicopter pilots. She is honored for her ongoing commitment to encouraging young women to seek careers in engineering.

See also 
 Women in Aviation International Pioneer Hall of Fame

References

Auburn University alumni
American test pilots
Boeing people
Webster University alumni