omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Arab-class gunvessel. The Arab-class gunvessels were a pair of composite gunboats built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1870s.

Design and construction
Designed by Nathaniel Barnaby, the Royal Navy's Chief Constructor, both ships was ordered from the Govan yard of Robert Napier and Sons in 1873 and laid down the same year as yard numbers 333 and 334. They were launched within days of each other in October 1874.

The hull was built of iron frames and ribs, and planked in wood. This "composite" construction was both cheap and easy to repair and allowed the wooden planking to be coppered, reducing marine growth. On far-flung colonial stations, the benefits of both simple repair and reduced marine growth were particularly positive, due to a lack of substantial ship repair and careening facilities. For this reason, smaller vessels like the Arab class continued to use composite construction until long after larger vessels had transitioned to iron or steel construction.

Propulsion
Steam was provided at  by 3 boilers to a single 2-cylinder horizontal compound-expansion steam engine generating a designed . In the event, Arab produced 656 ihp on trials, and Lily produced 829 ihp. A single screw was provided, which could be hoisted clear of the water to improve the ship's hull lines when sailing. A sailing rig was provided, with square rig on the fore and main masts, and fore-and-aft rigging only on the mizzen, giving her a "barque" rig.

Armament
A single 7-inch rifled muzzle-loading gun amidships and two 6.3-inch 64-pounder rifled muzzle-loading guns, one forward and one aft, and both fitted on traversing slides, constituted the main armament. Two machine guns and a light gun were also fitted. Arab (but not her sister ship) was re-armed in about 1879, with the after 6.3-inch 64-pounder gun replaced by three 20-pounder breech-loading guns under a newly constructed poop deck.

Ships

Footnotes

Bibliography

 

 
Gunboat classes
Gopal Ramalingam Memorial Engineering College. Gopal Ramalingam Memorial Engineering College is a co-educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. the college have been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

Courses
Gopal Ramalingam Memorial Engineering College is part of the Sri Krishna Group of Institutions. Courses Offered include;

B.E. - Aeronautical Engineering
B.E. - Mechanical Engineering

Facilities
Facilities include;

Infrastructure Facilities
Lab Facilities
Library Facilities
Hostel Facilities
Transport Facilities

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Chennai
List of engineering colleges in Madhya Pradesh. This article is a partial list of the engineering colleges located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The year that the college opened is shown in brackets.

Central Government Institutions
 Indian Institute of Technology, Indore
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (1960)
 Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior
  Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur

State Government Autonomous/Aided Institutions

 Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (1947)
 Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, Indore (1952)
 Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior (1957)
 Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (1960)
 Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain (1966)
 Rewa Engineering College, Rewa (1964)
 Indira Gandhi Engineering College Sagar (1981)
 Engineering College, Nowgong (2013)
 IPST, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday University, Chitrakoot, Satna (1991)

Self-financing
 Barkatullah University Institute of Technology, Bhopal (1997)
 Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV, Indore
 Rustamji Institute of Technology, Tekanpur, Gwalior (1999)
 University Institute of Technology, RGPV, Bhopal (1986)
 School of Engineering and Technology, Vikram University, Ujjain (2011)
 University Institute of Technology, RGPV, Shahdol (2015)

Private Engineering Colleges in Madhya Pradesh

 MIT Group of Institutes, Ujjain 
Indore Institute of Science and Technology 
Sagar Institute of Science and Technology (SISTec), Bhopal
Patel Group of Institutions, Bhopal
 Bansal Institute of Science & Technology
 Gyansagar College Of Engineering, Sagar
 Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal
 Gyan Ganga College of Technology, Jabalpur
 Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Jabalpur
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
 Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal
 Sagar Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal
 Hitkarini College of Engineering & Technology, Jabalpur
 Medi-Caps Institute of Technology & Management, Indore
 Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Indore
 AKS University, Satna
 Bhabha Engineering Research Institute, Bhopal
 Institute Of Engineering & Science IPS Academy, Indore
 Truba Group of Institutes, Bhopal
 NRI Group of Institutions, Bhopal
 Lakshmi Narain College of Technology and Science
 Institute of Technology & Management, Gwalior
AMITY UNIVERSITY, GWALIOR
  Jaypee University of engineering and technology ,Guna
 Millennium Group of Institutions, Bhopal
 SKITM Shivaji Rao kadam Institute of Technology , Indore
 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
 Lord Krishna College of Engineering, Indore
 Maharana Pratap College of Technology, Gwalior
 Vindhya Institute of Technology and Science(VITS), Satna

References
Parts of this list was obtained from website of Directorate of Technical Education MP Govt, University RGPV Bhopal Website and DTE mponline counselling 2016. 

 
Madhya Pradesh
Engineering colleges
Dredge turning gland. Dredge turning gland is a trailing suction hopper dredger component.

Features 
The dredge turning gland has a special particularity. Attached to the lower suction pipe the dredge turning gland allows a radial rotation in both directions of 15°.
Due to this particularity the dredge turning gland enable the dredge drag head to follow the sea bottom without losing vacuum
The dredge turning gland’s flanges are cast together with the body of the pipes and a rubber lip seal is used for the sealing of the dredge turning glands

Materials used 
Carbon steel and Carbon Manganese Steel are the Materials used for the production of pipe and flanges of the dredge turning glands. Cast iron is used for the production of the sliding pieces of the dredge turning glands.

External links 
 Dredge Knowledge
 General information about dredge turning gland
 Dredging information

Dredgers
BareMetal. BareMetal is an exokernel-based single address space operating system (OS) created by Return Infinity.

It is written in assembly to achieve high-performance computing with minimal footprint with a "just enough operating system" (JeOS) approach. The operating system is primarily targeted towards virtualized environments for cloud computing, or HPCs due to its design as a lightweight kernel (LWK). It could be used as a unikernel.

It was inspired by another OS written in assembly, MikeOS, and it is a recent example of an operating system that is not written in C or C++, nor based on Unix-like kernels.

Overview

Hardware requirements 
 AMD/Intel based 64-bit computer
 Memory: 4 MB (plus 2 MB for every additional core)
 Hard Disk: 32 MB

One task per core 
Multitasking on BareMetal is unusual for modern operating systems. BareMetal uses an internal work queue that all CPU cores poll. A task added to the work queue will be processed by any available CPU core in the system and will execute until completion, which results in no context switch overhead.

Programming

API 
An API is documented but, in line with its philosophy, the OS does not enforce entry points for system calls (e.g.: no call gates or other safety mechanisms).

C 
BareMetal OS has a build script to pull the latest code, make the needed changes, and then compile C code using the Newlib C standard library.

C++ 
A mostly-complete C++11 Standard Library was designed and developed for working in ring 0. The main goal of such library is providing, on a library level, an alternative to hardware memory protection used in classical OSes, with help of carefully designed classes.

Rust 
A Rust program demonstration was added to the programs in November 2014, demonstrating the ability to write Rust programs for BareMetal OS.

Networking

TCP/IP stack 
A TCP/IP stack was the #1 feature request. A port of lwIP written in C was announced in October 2014.

minIP, a minimalist IP stack in ANSI C able to provide enough functionalities to serve a simple static webpage, is being developed as a proof of concept to learn the fundamentals in preparation for an x86-64 assembly re-write planned for the future.

References

External links 
 
 BareMetal OS Google Group discussion forum

Free software operating systems
Hobbyist operating systems
Microkernels
Software using the BSD license
Assembly language software
X86-64 operating systems
Stig Stenholm. Stig Torsten Stenholm (26 February 1939 – 30 September 2017) was a theoretical physicist who formerly held an Academy of Finland professorship.

Education and career 

Stenholm obtained an engineering degree at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), and a master of science degree in mathematics at the University of Helsinki, both in 1964. He then earned his Dr. phil. at Oxford in 1967 on the topic of quantum liquids under supervision of Dirk ter Haar.

From 1967 to 1968, he performed postdoctorate work at Yale University. He obtained his a position as professor at the University of Helsinki in 1974. In 1980, Stenholm was appointed as the scientific director of the Research Institute for Theoretical Physics (TFT). His colleague Kalle-Antti Suominen later affirmed: "As a director Stig was very broad-minded and without this the happy atmosphere of TFT could not have existed."

In the 1990s, the TFT was replaced, and the Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) took its place. In 1997, Stenholm moved to the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. He retired in 2005.

He delivered the presentation speech for the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics at the Stockholm Concert Hall.

Work 
Stenholm specialised on quantum optics and worked among other topics on laser cooling, Bose–Einstein condensation and quantum information.

Honors 
He received an Academy of Finland professorship for the work he performed from 1992 to 1997, and he was member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters and the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in Finland.

Books 
 Stenholm, Stig: The Quest for Reality. Bohr and Wittgenstein – two complementary views. Oxford University Press. 2011.  (abstract)
 Stenholm, Stig & Suominen, Kalle-Antti: Quantum Approach to Informatics. Wiley, 2005. 
 Stenholm, Stig: The Foundations of Laser Spectroscopy. Wiley / Dover Books on Physics, 1984. 
 Stenholm, Stig: The semiclassical theory of the gas laser. Pergamon Press, 1971.

References

External links 
 Stig Stenholm. Scientific Commons
 Quantum complex systems: entanglemant and decoherence from nano- to macroscales – QUACS. Research Leader: Professor emeritus Stig Stenholm, KTH Research Projects Database.

Theoretical physicists
1939 births
2017 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology
20th-century Finnish physicists
University of Helsinki alumni
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
Per Il Volo. Per Il Volo () is an Italian aircraft manufacturer based in Galliera Veneta. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors and aircraft engines.

The company designed and built the first purpose-designed paramotor engine, the Top 80 and also the aircraft to fit it, the Miniplane, both of which remain in production in the 21st century.

Aircraft

See also

List of Italian companies

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Italy
Paramotors
William K. MacCurdy. William K. MacCurdy was an American engineer at SRI International that developed the Hydra-Cushion freight car for Southern Pacific in 1954. Cushioned rail cars based on his design are still the standard.

Career
MacCurdy joined SRI International in 1952 with a background in shipbuilding; he was previously a naval architect. Donald J. Russell connected Southern Pacific with SRI in 1954, and asked them to design a new rail coupling; in particular, Southern Pacific was concerned with the draft gear, the part that connects the couplings to the rolling stock. In MacCurdy's design, the coupler has an extended connection to the center of the railway car, combined with interleaved fingers at each end of the railway car helping to absorb some of the effects of acceleration.

The theory was tested in December 1954 by modifying an existing car with the technology (initially known as the "Hydra-friction") in Sacramento and placing it into relatively difficult service; the car greatly exceeded expectations. The second iteration, bearing the more widely known name of Hydra-Cushion, was introduced in April 1956, and Southern Pacific built and deployed an additional 350 of these cars in summer 1957. The average damage to freight was reduced to 1/25th of previous values.

MacCurdy left SRI to be the chief research engineer in the Transportation Equipment Division of Evans Products Company, which was licensed some of the proprietary information about the Hydra-Cushion from Southern Pacific in 1957.

Legacy
In 1964, MacCurdy and Southern Pacific's William E. Thomford received the Franklin Institute's 1964 George R. Henderson Medal for achievements "in the field of railway impact control and associated car design, with resulting benefits in reducing lading and rolling stock damage". In 1967, Railway Age noted that "The 10th anniversary of the cushion-underframe... has to be one of the most significant anniversaries in the annals of the industry."

References

SRI International people
American railroad mechanical engineers
Date of death unknown
Year of birth missing
Recursion (disambiguation). Recursion is the process of repeating items in a self-similar way.

Recursion may also refer to

 Recursion (computer science), a method where the solution to a problem depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem
 Recurrence relation, a recursive formula for a sequence of numbers 
 Mathematical induction, a method of proof also called "proof by recursion"
 Recursion, a 2004 science fiction novel by Tony Ballantyne
 Recursion Pharmaceuticals, a clinical-stage biotechnology company
 Recursion (Crouch novel), a 2019 science fiction novel by Blake Crouch
 Recursive science fiction, science fiction about science fiction

See also 
 Recursive function (disambiguation)
George R. Henderson Medal. The George R. Henderson Medal is an award established by the Franklin Institute in honor of George R. Henderson in 1924, coinciding with a $2,500 fund for the award contributed by his wife. George R. Henderson served on the Franklin Institute's Committee on Science and the Arts from 1912 until 1921. The award was designated to go to individuals who made meritorious inventions or discoveries in the field of railway engineering.

Notable recipients
1931, Arthur Newell Talbot, for consideration of his practical development of the railway transition spiral and for his creative guidance of the American Railway Engineering association s tests on structural and track materials for railway building and maintenance.
1933, Otho Cromwell Duryea, novel feature embodied in the invention of the Duryea railway-car cushion underframe.
1939, Ralph Budd,  president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, distinguished contributions in railroad engineering.
1943, Harry M. Pflager, for development of the cast-steel, one piece bed for steam locomotive construction.
1950, Paul W. Kiefer, for contributions in the field of railroading.
1951, Hermann Lemp, for his contributions to the development of the Diesel Electric locomotive.
1952, Alfred Büchi, Swiss engineer and inventor, an authority on Diesel engines.
1954, C. Levon Eksergian, outstanding accomplishments in the field of railway engineering.
1957, Association of American Railroads, for invention in railway engineering.
1959, General Motors Corporation, electro-motive division for developing and mass producing the Diesel-electric locomotive.
1964, William K. MacCurdy and William E. Thomford, achievements "in the field of railway impact control and associated car design, with resulting benefits in reducing lading and rolling stock damage".
1981, PATCO Speedline, recognized as the outstanding high-speed rail transportation system in America.

References

Franklin Institute awards
Rail transport industry awards
Chlorine tetroxide. Chlorine tetroxide is an unstable chlorine oxide with the chemical formula .

History

Gomberg's mistaken 1923 production
In 1923, chemist Moses Gomberg proposed a production method of chlorine tetroxide. He claimed that treating iodine and silver perchlorate in anhydrous diethyl ether produced it.

I2 + 2 AgClO4 → 2 AgI + (ClO4)2

However, later researchers claimed that the product was iodine perchlorate. So far, however, there is no certain evidence for the existence of iodine perchlorate either.

Eachus' 1968 production
In 1968, Eachus synthesized it by exposing potassium chlorate to gamma rays at 77 K. It is a reaction intermediate of the decomposition of dichlorine heptoxide.

Properties
The electron affinity energy of chlorine tetroxide can be figured out using the Born–Haber cycle and the lattice energy data of perchlorates. It is about 561 kJ/mol.

The structure of chlorine tetroxide is uncertain; the molecular point group may be Cs, C2v, or Td.

In a solid oxygen matrix ClO4 reacts to form ClO6Cl, which has three double bonded oxygen atoms, and a chain of three oxygen atoms -O-O-O• attached to the chlorine.

References

Chlorine oxides
Ken Austin (inventor). Ken Austin is an inventor, technologist and chairman of Inview Technology Ltd.
His company, based in Northwich, Cheshire, UK is privately owned. Between 1986 and 1996 he was Technical Director and Vice Chairman of Pilkington Micro-elec Ltd.

Self-taught in electronics, and was the first to secure patents for digital television programme guides during the early 1990s.

He also featured in the book Organising Genius by Paul Thorne ().

In 2011 video on demand (VOD) company OnDemand teamed up with Inview Technology to launch video-on-demand (TVOD, SVOD) services on connected TVs.

References

External links
Inview's company website 

Living people
1957 births
British inventors
20th-century Welsh scientists
21st-century Welsh scientists
NER Class A. The NER Class A (LNER Class F8) was a class of 2-4-2 tank locomotives designed by Thomas William Worsdell and built at Gateshead works for the North Eastern Railway (NER). Sixty locomotives were built between 1886 and 1892. At this time the class was designated class A by the NER and was the first class  in the company to be given an alphabetical letter classification.

Design

Boiler
They were the first locomotives to use steel instead of iron for the boiler. At the time, the steel boiler was built to a non-standard design that could not be exchanged with any other class of locomotive. However, the design later evolved to become Diagram 69 under the LNER and was used on classes D23, G5, J24 and J73.

Fittings
Worsdell gave the Class A some design features that would become characteristic of most NER locos from then on. These included a tapered chimney, a brass cover for the safety valves and a large protective cab.

Cylinders
The first forty of the class  had 18 inch diameter cylinders, while last twenty had 17 inch cylinders. The 17 inch cylinders were enlarged to 18 inches during rebuilding in 1900,

Brakes
All 60 of the class were originally built with Westinghouse air brakes. Forty-two were fitted with vacuum ejectors in a programme during 1929 and 1930. However, withdrawal of the class had begun in 1928 and 18 of the class never received vacuum ejectors.

Use
During its working life the class could be found all over the NER system working on suburban lines and country branch lines. During their life with the LNER they were mostly kept around Tyneside, Teesside, Hull and Leeds where they handled lightweight traffic. Withdrawals of the class  began in 1928 and finished in 1938. The last loco was No. 420, working at Tyne Dock. It was condemned on 22 April 1938 and the class slipped into history with none being preserved.

References 

A
Scrapped locomotives
2-4-2T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1886
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Passenger locomotives
Engineering (constituency). The Engineering functional constituency () is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991, derived from the Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning functional constituency. The constituency is composed of professional engineers and the members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. As of 2021, it was composed of 10,772 registered voters.

Return members

Electoral results

2020s

2010s

2000s

1990s

References

Constituencies of Hong Kong
Constituencies of Hong Kong Legislative Council
Functional constituencies (Hong Kong)
1991 establishments in Hong Kong
Constituencies established in 1991
Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency). The Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency  () is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first created in 1985 as Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning for the first ever Legislative Council election in 1985 as one of the original 12 functional constituency seats. The constituency was divided into Engineering and Architectural, Surveying and Planning in 1991. In the 2016 election, the constituency was changed to its current name when the landscape architects were added to the electorates.

The constituency is composed of architects, landscape architects, surveyors, and planners and the members of Hong Kong Institute of Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects, Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, and Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at the general meetings of the associations. As of 2020, there are 9,096 registered voters. It is one of the few swing seats contested between the pro-Beijing and pro-democracy camps. It was first won by independent democrat Yiu Chung-yim in 2016 in a three-way contest against two pro-Beijing candidates, defeating pro-Beijing incumbent Tony Tse, but was soon disqualified for his oath-taking manner from the office. The vacancy was taken up by Tony Tse in the 2018 by-election.

Composition
The architectural, surveying, planning and landscape functional constituency is composed of—
 architects registered under the Architects Registration Ordinance (); and
 members of The Hong Kong Institute of Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
 landscape architects registered under the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance (); and
 members of The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
 professional surveyors registered under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (); and
 members of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute; and
 professional planners registered under the Planners Registration Ordinance (); and
 members of The Hong Kong Institute of Planners entitled to vote at general meetings of the Institute.

Return members

Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1985–1991)

Architectural, Surveying and Planning (1991–2016)

Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (2016–present)

Electoral results

2020s

2010s

2000s

1990s

1980s

References

Constituencies of Hong Kong
Constituencies of Hong Kong Legislative Council
Functional constituencies (Hong Kong)
1991 establishments in Hong Kong
Constituencies established in 1991