omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Margot Dorenfeldt. Margot Dorenfeldt (1895–1986) was the first woman to graduate from Norwegian Institute of Technology (1919) and specialized in inorganic chemistry and electrochemistry. She published several papers in radiochemistry.

Biography 
She was the daughter of Lauritz J. Dorenfeldt (1863–1932), an engineer who was educated in Berlin, and the granddaughter of businessman Lauritz Dorenfeldt Jenssen (1837–1899). Her mother was Aagot Bødtker (1869–1963). Margot was born 2 October 1895 in Worms, Germany, when her family was there; her father was working on assignment as technical director of a cellulose factory.

Margot Dorenfeldt was the second woman to enroll at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) after Aslaug Urbye (who enrolled in 1910, but never completed her studies). In 1919, Dorenfeldt became the first woman to graduate from NTH. While in college, she was active in student debates and made critical comments about her fellow engineers and their record of participation in social politics.

Career 
Dorenfeldt found her first job in 1920 as an assistant at the chemistry laboratory at Royal Frederick University (now University of Oslo). A few months later, she was promoted to a secretary-like position, from which she could perform research and teach. Soon she was investigating the atomic weight of chlorine while working with the radiochemist and associate professor Ellen Gleditsch, who had previously worked with Marie Curie in Paris. Dorenfeldt helped publish their results in English, German and French.

In 1922, the university granted Dorenfeldt a scholarship so she could study at the Collège de France in Paris. While there she met and married a fellow Norwegian and changed her name to Margot Dorenfeldt Holtan. She published research using her married name as well as her maiden name.

As a wife and mother of two, Margot attended to her family but continued working in the field as a part-time secretary and chemist and, according to her own records, she also published scientific work with her husband. Throughout her life, she remained close to her father and his business interests and she took a government position in 1946 and then became an association board member from which she could help protect the interests of his pulp and paper businesses.

Personal life 
She was married on 23 February 1923 in Paris to Norwegian engineer Eugen Nannestad Holtan (1893–1959).

References 

1895 births
1986 deaths
Norwegian chemists
Nuclear chemists
Norwegian women chemists
20th-century Norwegian women scientists
Women chemists
Baran Dam. Baran Dam, located in the Bannu district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, is a medium-sized hydroelectric dam characterized by a low-head design and an earth-core rockfill structure, boasting a capacity of 5.8 megawatts. This dam spans the Kurrum River and Baran stream and serves as a pivotal component within a broader initiative aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity in the southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

The dam was initially commissioned in 1962 during Ayub Khan government. In 2018, a significant upgrade project, known as the "Raising of Baran Dam Project," was initiated with the objective of increasing the dam's height by 7 meters, thereby expanding its total water storage capacity. The estimated cost for this project was 5.2 billion rupees.

Main uses
Upon the construction of the proposed Baran Dam, it will serve as a reservoir for storing floodwaters from the Baran stream and Kurrum river. The reservoir's total storage capacity is approximately . The stored water will be utilized for the development of irrigated agriculture within an expansive command area covering approximately  via the Marwat Canal. Furthermore, this undertaking is expected to generate 5.8 MW of power, contributing to an annual energy output of .

Other benefits
By impeding the flow of the Baran stream, the initiative aims to preserve floodwaters, fostering development in various critical sectors, including irrigated agriculture, power generation, and the provision of potable water for domestic use. Notably, the project is expected to have a positive and widespread impact on the local community by creating employment opportunities and encouraging the growth of businesses. These indirect advantages, such as increased employment and the subsequent enhancement of living standards, are of significant importance, even if they cannot be precisely quantified in monetary terms. Furthermore, the project is poised to substantially stimulate the growth of fisheries in the region, while also offering recreational and employment prospects for the area's residents.

See also 

 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan
 List of power stations in Pakistan
 Kurrum Garhi Hydropower Plant
 Kurram Tangi Dam

References 

Dams completed in 1962
Dams in Pakistan
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Run-of-the-river power stations
Hydroelectric power stations in Pakistan
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Pakistan
Bannu District
Dams in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Nokundi–Mashkhel–Panjgur Road. The Nokundi–Mashkhel–Panjgur Road is an infrastructure project under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The road is designed to improve connectivity in the region, particularly between Pakistan and Iran.

The projected cost is 7 billion Rupees. An additional allocation of 2.5 billion Rupees has been put forward for this project in the Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) for the fiscal year 2023-24.

Overview
The Nokundi–Mashkhel–Panjgur Road project involves building a 103-kilometer road connecting Nokundi to Mashkhel, and a detailed design for a 200-kilometer road from Mashkhel to Panjgur is currently in progress. The project's objective is to establish a connection between the N-40, N-85, and M-8 (Western Route of CPEC), creating a link between the Chagai-Nokundi Sector and Gwadar. This will provide access to the entire isolated region of Balochistan.

The former Prime Minister Imran Khan inaugurated the project on May 20, 2021. The tendering process for the construction work has been finished, and the contractor is now actively engaged. By January 2022, significant progress was evident on several road projects along the CPEC Western Route, including the Nokundi–Mashkhel–Panjgur Road. The projects are on track for completion within the next three years.

Impact
The development of the Nokundi–Mashkhel–Panjgur Road is anticipated to bring about a substantial enhancement in regional connectivity. This road project is set to not only enhance the link to Iran but also invigorate economic endeavors in Gwadar, which is evolving into a pivotal center within the ambitious CPEC project. Enhancing road infrastructure in South Balochistan stands as a paramount goal for the government in order to strengthen the connection between Gwadar and the northern regions.

See also
 Dera Ismail Khan–Zhob motorway 
 Roads in Pakistan

References

Roads in Pakistan
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
2021 establishments in Pakistan
Roads in Balochistan, Pakistan
Copper(I) azide. Copper(I) azide is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula . It is composed of a copper cation () and an azide anion ().

Properties 
Copper(I) azide has been used in the preparation of high-energy materials using methods with low environmental cost. These preparations were completed using systems that were high in nitrogen and without any oxygen. Like most azides, it is explosive.

CuAAC 

Copper(I) azide is supported during the process of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC).

References 

azide
copper
Historic Aircraft Restoration Project. The Historic Aircraft Restoration Project is an aviation museum located in Hangar B at Floyd Bennett Field in New York, New York.

History 
In 1996, Arnie Migliaccio suggested the creation of a group of volunteers, working as part of the National Park Service's Volunteers-In-Parks program, to restore aircraft on Floyd Bennett Field. The project began two years later in Hangar B on the east side of the airport and the volunteers eventually became known as "angels".

A number of the project's aircraft were previously on display at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.

In May 2002, the Berlin Airlift Historical Foundation's KC-97 arrived at the project's hangar. The project provided space to the foundation as they restored the aircraft. After 15 years of work, the airplane departed the airport in November 2017.

The project's volunteers were locked out of the hangar in 2019, allegedly due to a dispute over racial discrimination by another volunteer.

Collection 

 Beechcraft JRB-4
 Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina
 Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
 Douglas C-47D Skytrain
 Fairchild PT-26
 Grumman UF-1G Albatross
 Grumman JRF-5 Goose
 Grumman S-2E Tracker
 Lockheed SP-2E Neptune
 Lockheed Vega Winnie Mae – replica
 Sikorsky HH-3F Pelican

See also 
 List of aviation museums

References

External links 

 

Aerospace museums in New York (state)
Museums in New York City
Erickson Aircraft Collection. The Erickson Aircraft Collection is an aviation museum located at the Madras Municipal Airport in Madras, Oregon.

History

Background 
Jack Ericson, the founder of Erickson Air-Crane, purchased his first warbird, a P-51, in 1980. Three years later, he purchased a Corsair and a Spitfire and began his collection. In 1991, it was placed on loan to the Tillamook Air Museum. However, in April 2013, the collection announced it would not be renewing its lease on the museum. A few months later, the collection purchased a B-17 and reproduction Fw 190 from the Military Aviation Museum.

Move to Madras 
The collection moved to a new  facility at the Madras Municipal Airport in Madras, Oregon in May 2014.

The collection repainted its B-17 as Ye Olde Pub in 2019.

Shortly after being purchased by the Mid-America Flight Museum in 2020, a B-17G from the Lone Star Flight Museum was ferried to the museum for an inspection.

The collection's Corsair and Skyraider were used in the filming of the 2022 movie Devotion.

Collection 

 Aero L-29 Delfin
 Bell P-39 Airacobra
 Bellanca Aircruiser
 Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress
 Boeing PT-17 Stearman
 CAC CA-17 Mustang
 Columbia J2F-6 Duck
 Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina
 Curtiss P-40E Warhawk
 Douglas A-24A Banshee
 Douglas A-26B Invader
 Douglas AD-4W Skyraider
 Douglas C-47B Skytrain
 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8 – reproduction
 General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
 General Motors TBM-3E Avenger
 Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat
 Grumman F8F-2 Bearcat
 Hispano HA-1112 – restored to resemble a Bf 109
 Lockheed P-38L Lightning
 Lockheed P2V-7 Neptune
 Lockheed PV-2D Harpoon
 Martin AM-1 Mauler
 Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa – reproduction
 North American TB-25N Mitchell
 North American T-6G Texan
 Republic P-47D Thunderbolt
 Vought F4U-7 Corsair

Events 
The museum holds an airshow called the Airshow of the Cascades once a year.

See also 
 List of aviation museums

References

Footnotes

Notes

External links 

 

Aerospace museums in Oregon
Museums in Jefferson County, Oregon
Červená Railway Bridge. The  Červená Railway Bridge  () is a railway bridge in the Czech Republic, located on the rail line between Tábor and Písek, over the Orlík Reservoir. It was declared a cultural monument of the Czech Republic in 2021.

History
The bridge was built in 1886–1889 from steel from the First Czech-Moravian Machine Factory, the largest producer of steel structures in Bohemia at the time. Designed by the engineers Meltzer and Hüsse, it opened on 20 November 1889. It was built without scaffolding, using the balanced cantilever method, first railway bridge in the area built using this method. During its construction, it became the second highest bridge in all of Austria-Hungary.

The bridge was the subject of a CIA study in 1950, noting that it was of local strategic importance only. According to the report, the bridge is 500 m long (noting that this length seems exaggerated), with a height of 65–70 m above the river.

Since 2021, it has been a cultural monument of the Czech Republic, with the designation noting: "The railway steel lattice bridge, built at the end of the 1880s near the settlement of Červená, is a unique technical structure of extraordinary importance not only in terms of its dimensions, but also in its static arrangement and method of flying assembly. At the end of the 19th century, it was the very first railway bridge in our country, built without scaffolding by fly assembly, which was a revolutionary innovation in construction. (...)"

Technical details

The structure is a three-span, truss girder bridge with an immediate bridge deck without a ballast platform, built in 1886 using the balanced cantilever method. 

The bridge is  long with three main spans of , the load-bearing structure is formed by two truss girders with overall height of  and system of cross and longitudinal beams supporting the intermediate bridge deck. A rail expansion device is installed on both ends.

References

Písek District
Railway bridges in the Czech Republic
Cultural heritage of the Czech Republic
Landmarks in the Czech Republic
1889 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Shield AI MQ-35A V-BAT. V-BAT (MDS Name: MQ-35A) is a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle developed by Martin UAV, now Shield AI.

The V-BAT has been operationally deployed in multiple regions, including the Black Sea, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. In Ukraine, V-BATs have withstood electronic warfare (EW) attacks that have downed other UAVs.

Design and capabilities

The V-BAT's single-engine ducted fan enables it to take off and land vertically in confined spaces and to shift from hover to horizontal flight. Its autonomy software, including Shield AI’s Hivemind, allows it to operate in GPS- and communications-denied environments. Its compact design and ability to hover make it suitable for shipboard operations and confined land areas.

In October 2023, Shield AI announced that the V-BAT had achieved drone-swarming capabilities, using Hivemind AI to enable multi-vehicle coordination and distributed autonomous operations.

History

In late April 2021, the United States Navy selected the V-BAT for prototyping and development.. The company kicked off efforts for this program later that year. .

In February 2022, Brazilian company VSK Tactical ordered an undisclosed number of V-BATs for security and monitoring roles.

On 21 December 2022, a V-BAT and a Skyways V2.6B UAV made the first unmanned cargo deliveries to a U.S. Navy ship at sea. Each UAV carried a cargo of 22.5 kg 200 nm (370 km).

In March 2023, the United States Army picked the V-BAT to compete in its Future Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (FTUAS) competition, Increment 2 to replace the RQ-7B Shadow. Shield AI teamed with Northrop Grumman for the competition.

In July 2024, the U.S. Coast Guard awarded Shield AI a $198 million contract to provide maritime unmanned aircraft system services with the V-BAT. This marked one of the largest contractor-owned, contractor-operated) UAV deployments for maritime intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance.

V-BAT has deployed with Marine Expeditionary Units.

In November 2024, Shield AI cut a deal to have JSW Defense and Aerospace make V-BAT drones in India. The deal included a $90 million investment for technology transfer, the establishment of a manufacturing facility, and compliance programs to support local and international production demands.

In December 2024, Shield and Palantir Technologies announced the deepening of their strategic partnership and deployment of Palantir's Warp Speed for V-BAT manufacturing.

Specifications

References

External links
Company website

Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
2020s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
MQ-35
High-wing aircraft
Tailsitter aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ducted fan-powered aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 2020
2023 Rio Branco Cessna Grand Caravan crash. On 29 October 2023, a Cessna 208B utility aircraft operated by ART Táxi Aéreo crashed and exploded shortly after takeoff from Rio Branco International Airport, killing all 12 people on board.

Accident
The aircraft took off from Rio Branco bound for Envira, Amazonas. Some passengers were traveling to receive medical treatment. At around 6:30 a.m., the flight took off but soon after, it crashed into a wooded area just after the runway. The aircraft exploded on impact, killing all twelve passengers and crew on board. Samu ambulances, military police vehicles and a Ciopaer helicopter traveled to the location of the accident to assist with the actions. The firefighters' work was made difficult as the crash occurred in a difficult to access location.

Aircraft 
The aircraft was a Cessna 208B, with registration number PT-MEE, manufactured in 1993. According to the National Civil Aviation Agency, the plane was in good standing and had authorization to fly an air taxi, with its certificate of airworthiness valid until August 2024. One of the passengers of the accident flight reported that the aircraft had "problems" on a previous flight.

Passengers and crew 
The passengers included six men, three women and a baby aged one year and seven months. The pilot and co-pilot had experience and were trained according to the ART company lawyer. Of the 12 occupants on the flight, seven were from the city of Eirunepé, in the interior of Amazonas. Other residents were from Envira, the plane's destination. According to the Acre State Government, the victims were burned to death.

Investigation 
The Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center was activated and the government of Acre said that an investigation will be conducted.

See also 
2023 Manaus Aerotáxi Embraer Bandeirante crash – crashed while approaching another airport in the Amazon, killing all 14 on board

References

2023 disasters in Brazil
October 2023 events in Brazil
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2023
Aviation accidents and incidents in Brazil
History of Acre (state)
Accidents and incidents involving the Cessna 208 Caravan
Rio Branco, Acre
Windows Server 2025. Windows Server 2025 is the fourteenth and current major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name.  It was released on November 1, 2024.

Microsoft announced that the sudo command feature would be available for Windows Server 2025; however, with the release of Windows 11 build 26052, it later confirmed that the feature would be available exclusively on Windows 11. Nevertheless, some users found sudo command traces on the preview. Microsoft stated that it was added by accident and would be disabled in future releases.

It is also the first Windows Server operating system to support ARM64 architecture.

Features
Windows Server 2025 has the following features:

 Server Flighting, the ability to upgrade to a new release via Windows Update
 Pay-as-you-go subscription
 SMB over QUIC
 Hotpatching

Hardware requirements

References

2025
X86-64 operating systems
Amrit Bharat (trainset). Amrit Bharat is an Indian push-pull train, designed and developed by Indian Railways at its Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. It has non-air-conditioned three-tier sleeper and unreserved coaches.

Overview
Amrit Bharat trains have upgraded non-air-conditioned three-tier sleeper and unreserved coaches. The coaches are manufactured by Integral Coach Factory, Chennai at the cost of  per trainset. In contrast to other Indian trains, the trainsets will have a locomotive at both ends in a push-pull configuration, enabling better acceleration and shorter turnaround times in direction reversals. It has also be termed as common man train.

Engineering 
The trainsets will be powered by two WAP-5 locomotives connected at each ends with vibration resistance engines manufactured by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works. The Locomotive also features aerodynamic design. Each trainset consists of 22 coaches: 12 3-tier sleeper class, 8 unreserved and 2 luggage coaches. As part of the "Make in India" Initiative, the Integral Coach Factory (ICF), a subsidiary of Indian Railways (IR), created and produced the Amrit Bharat Express.

First generation 
The first generation of Amrit Bharat were built in 2023. The coaches are equipped with electric outlets, reading lights, CCTV cameras, bio-vacuum toilets, sensor-based water taps and passenger information system. The trainsets will also have semi-permanent couplers to avoid shocks during starting and stopping of the train and fully-covered vestibules to facilitate stability and safety.

Second generation 
The first prototype of the second generation of Amrit Bharat was built in 2025.

The semi-permanent couplers of the first generation have been replaced by semi-automatic couplers for easy attachment and detachment. Other improvement include an electro-pneumatic assisted brake system for quick brake application, a fully sealed gangway for quick coupling and decoupling, and a vacuum evacuation system.

The train has an onboard condition monitoring system for real-time tracking of wheels and bearings, and internet-based water level indicators. External emergency lights have been added to provide basic lighting during emergencies.

Improvements to toilets include adding a disabled-friendly toilet and toilet indicator lights. The toilets have an automatic hygiene odour control system. Toilets are built with sheet molding compound material for ease of maintenance and aesthetics.

Each passenger has a dedicated charging socket with USB A and C-type ports. Other additions include a foldable snack table, mobile holder, and foldable bottle holder. A public address and passenger information system has been added, along with an emergency system to connect with the loco pilot. The seat and berth design has been improved for a comfortable ride.

Rake Formation 
The rake formations of all the operational versions of the train are given below:-

Abbreviations

See also
 Vande Bharat (trainset)
 Vande Bharat (sleeper trainset)

References

Higher-speed rail
Express trains in India
Electric multiple units of India
Train-related introductions in 2023
Sponge bomb. A sponge bomb is a specialized device designed to seal the end of a tunnel. Small enough that it can be set by a single person, it is a non-explosive, chemical bomb that releases a burst of expanding foam that quickly hardens.

Development
The sponge bomb was developed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to address the use of tunnels by Hamas in Gaza.

Design
Housed in a plastic container, the bomb has a metal partition that separates two liquid reagents. Once the partition is removed, the liquids mix and react, causing them to rapidly expand and then solidify, creating a physical barrier blocking the tunnel.  The device is either set at its target by an individual or thrown.

In 2021, testing of sponge bombs was reportedly conducted by IDF in simulated tunnels. 

During initial testing of these bombs, the liquid emulsion was found to be hazardous to work with when mishandled – some Israeli soldiers lost their eyesight.

Historical perspective
This is not the first time that sticky foam has been used by a military force. Reportedly, the U.S. Marine Corps and the U.S. Army have used streams of foam as non-lethal tools for crowd control or restraint of hostile combatants.

References

External links
 Military use of non-lethal foam (at 20 seconds into video)

Bombs of Israel
Foams
Tunnel warfare
Tunnels in Palestine
Israel–Hamas war
Israeli inventions