omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
YSFlight. YSFlight is a free, open-source multi-platform flight simulator, developed and published by Soji Yamakawa since 1999. Since its initial release, it has received annual updates, with the most recent stable version released in 2018.

History
Development of YSFlight began in 1998 as a solo project by Soji Yamakawa. He first started working on the simulator as a school project; afterwards, it was further developed into a flight aid for others who need assistance in understanding aircraft flight instrumentation and flight physics. Initially designed to be run by lower-end computers, the flight simulator began to implement more updated graphical features with its 2015 release. 

On August 19, 2022, Yamakawa published YSFlight's source code and assets to GitHub under the BSD-3-Clause license, while stating that he intends to continue the simulator's development.

Features
YSFlight differs from other simulators, such as the Microsoft Flight Simulator series, in its intentionally low-detail graphical design. This allows the simulator to be run by lower-end computers, with system requirements being much less than most other flight simulators.

It allows for to YSFlight clients to join a multiplayer server. 

The simulator comes with a selection of 73 aircraft models and 16 maps, which range from real life locations (including the default map, a depiction of Japan's Aomori Prefecture) to fictitious maps.

See also

FlightGear
Microsoft Flight Simulator
X-Plane (simulator)
GEFS-Online

References

External links 
 

1999 video games
Formerly proprietary software
Freeware games
Flight simulation video games
General flight simulators
Open-source video games
Software using the BSD license
Hybrid plasmonic waveguide. A hybrid plasmonic waveguide is an optical waveguide that achieves strong light confinement by coupling the light guided by a dielectric waveguide and a plasmonic waveguide. It is formed by separating a medium of high refractive index (usually silicon) from a metal surface (usually gold or silver) by a small gap.

History 

Dielectric waveguides use total internal reflection to confine light in a high index region. They can guide light over a long distance with very low loss, but their light confinement ability is limited by diffraction. Plasmonic waveguides, on the other hand, use surface plasmon to confine light near a metal surface. The light confinement ability of plasmonic waveguides is not limited by diffraction, and, as a result, they can confine light to very small volumes. However, these guides suffer significant propagation loss because of the presence of metal as part of the guiding structure. The aim of designing the hybrid plasmonic waveguide was to combine these two different wave guiding schemes and achieve high light confinement without suffering large loss. Many different variations of this structure have been proposed. Many other types of hybrid plasmonic waveguides have been proposed since then to improve light confinement ability or to reduce fabrication complexity.

Principle of operation 

The operation of the hybrid plasmonic waveguides can be explained using the concept of mode coupling. The most commonly used hybrid plasmonic waveguide consists of a silicon nanowire placed very near a metal surface and separated by a low index region. The silicon waveguide supports dielectric waveguide mode, which is mostly confined in silicon. The metal surface supports surface plasmon, which is confined near the metal surface. When these two structures are brought close to each other, the dielectric waveguide mode supported by the silicon nanowire couples to the surface plasmon mode supported by the metal surface. As a result of this mode coupling, light becomes highly confined in the region between the metal and the high index region (silicon nanowire).

Applications 

Hybrid plasmonic waveguide provides large confinement of light at a lower loss compared to many previously reported plasmonic waveguides. It is also compatible with silicon photonics technology, and can be integrated with silicon waveguides on the same chip. Similar to a slot-waveguide, it can also confine light in the low index medium. Combination of these attractive features has stimulated worldwide research activity on the application of this new guiding scheme.  Some notable examples of such applications are compact lasers, electro optic modulators, biosensors, polarization control devices, and thermo-optic switches.

References 

Photonics
Plasmonics
Corma Inc.. Corma Inc. is a manufacturer of corrugated plastic pipe production systems headquartered near Toronto, Canada. The company's headquarters and principal manufacturing plant are located in Concord, Ontario. Corma also maintains its own aluminum alloy foundry, located in Forest, Ontario, where it forms the mold blocks used in its corrugators.

Corma is active in corrugated plastic pipe manufacturing and infrastructure projects in the developing world, particularly in established and emerging markets worldwide.

History
Corma's first M600 corrugated plastic pipe-making machine, also known as a corrugator, was delivered to Akatherm in Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1974. In 1978, Corma applied for their first patents in double-wall pipe production and vacuum forming. Over the years Corma received patents for mold block technologies, Internal pipe cooling, inline coupling, and many other quality enhancing technologies. In total, Corma has applied for, and received, more than 300 patents since 1973.

In 2006, Corma established the Corma Shanghai Co. Ltd. sales/service office and manufacturing centre in the People's Republic of China. Corma Deutschland is expanded to become a full, sales and service center supporting customers in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.

Patents
Corma Inc. holds over 300 patents related to corrugators. The company continues to defend its patents from infringement by other companies.

Awards and recognition
 2012 – Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
 2012 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Business of the Year Award – Exporter
 2011 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Business of the Year Award – Technological Excellence
 2010 - Federation des Plastiques et Alliances Composites, Honoris Innova Award – Commercialization.
 2009 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Exporter of the Year Award
 2007 - CPIA Canadian Plastics Industry Association – Leader of the Year Award – Manfred Lupke – CEO of Corma
 2005 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Exporter of the Year Award
 2003 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Company of the Year Award
 2001 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Exporter of the year Award, Finalist
 2000 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Exporter of the year Award, Finalist
 2000 - President's Award – Poland
 1999 - Vaughan Chamber of Commerce – Exporter of the year Award
 1998 - CPPA Special Achievement Award

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies established in 1973
Manufacturing companies based in Toronto
1973 establishments in Ontario
Ulam's packing conjecture. Ulam's packing conjecture, named for Stanisław Ulam, is a conjecture about the highest possible packing density of identical convex solids in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The conjecture says that the optimal density for packing congruent spheres is smaller than that for any other convex body. That is, according to the conjecture, the ball is the convex solid which forces the largest fraction of space to remain empty in its optimal packing structure. This conjecture is therefore related to the Kepler conjecture about sphere packing. Since the solution to the Kepler conjecture establishes that identical balls must leave ≈25.95% of the space empty, Ulam's conjecture is equivalent to the statement that no other convex solid forces that much space to be left empty.

Origin

This conjecture was attributed posthumously to Ulam by Martin Gardner, who remarks in a postscript added to one of his Mathematical Games columns that Ulam communicated this conjecture to him in 1972. Though the original reference to the conjecture states only that Ulam "suspected" the ball to be the worst case for packing, the statement has been subsequently taken as a conjecture.

Supporting arguments

Numerical experiments with a large variety of convex solids have resulted in each case in the construction of packings that leave less empty space than is left by close-packing of equal spheres, and so many solids have been ruled out as counterexamples of Ulam's conjecture.
Nevertheless, there is an infinite space of possible shapes that have not been ruled out.

Yoav Kallus has shown that at least among point-symmetric bodies, the ball constitutes a local maximum of the fraction of empty space forced.
That is, any point-symmetric solid that does not deviate too much from a ball can be packed with greater efficiency than can balls.

Analogs in other dimensions

The analog of Ulam's packing conjecture in two dimensions would say that no convex shape forces more than ≈9.31% of the plane to remain uncovered, since that is the fraction of empty space left uncovered in the densest packing of disks. However, the regular octagon and smoothed octagon give counter-examples. It is conjectured that regular heptagons force the largest fraction of the plane to remain uncovered. In dimensions above four (excluding 8 and 24), the situation is complicated by the fact that the analogs of the Kepler conjecture remain open.

References

Packing problems
Conjectures
Spheres
Unsolved problems in geometry
John MacNeile Price. John MacNeile Price  (5 August 184311 November 1922) was a British civil engineer and the Surveyor General of Hong Kong.

Price was born in Marylebone, London, to Richard Evan Price, a merchant in South America, and Fanny Nugent Price. He was the first qualified and competent Surveyor General in Hong Kong's history from 1873 to 1889. He was conversant with electrical engineering developments both in Europe and America. He met with Layton and Wickham from the Hongkong Electric Company to develop electricity in the colony. As a result, the government offered $19,000 for fifty arc lamps and pumping water up to the houses on the Peak.

Price was also responsible for the redrew the proposal of the Hong Kong Observatory which Major H. S. Palmer initial proposal was rejected on the ground of cost in 1881. Price proposed the revised proposal to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London in 1882. His plan was approved in Many and construction started in 1883. As the Surveyor General, Price was also appointed member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council on 11 December 1876. He was also Honorary Chairman of the Sanitary Board when it was first established in 1883.

He sued the Robert Fraser-Smith, founder of the Hongkong Telegraph in November 1883 who accused him of jobbery and corruption but lost the case.

He died in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.

References

British expatriates in China
People from British Hong Kong
British surveyors
Hong Kong surveyors
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Government officials of Hong Kong
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong
1843 births
1922 deaths
303 series. The  is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) on Chikuhi Line and Fukuoka Subway Kuko Line through-running services in Kyushu, Japan, since 22 January 2000.

Design
The 303 series trains were designed to augment the 103-1500 series EMUs used on the Chikuhi Line, coinciding with double-tracking of the section between  and . The trains have lightweight stainless bodies with painted steel cab ends.

Operations
The 303 series trains are used on through services between  the Chikuhi Line and  on the Fukuoka Subway Kuko Line. They are compatible with automatic train operation (ATO) used on the Fukuoka Subway tracks, and are also equipped for wanman driver only operation.

Formations
The fleet consists of three six-car sets, numbered K01 to K03 and based at Karatsu Depot. The sets are formed as shown below with four motored ("M") intermediate cars and non-powered driving trailer ("Tc") cars, with car 1 at the Nishi-Karatsu end.

Cars 2 and 5 are each equipped with two PS402K single-arm pantographs.

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. Car 1 has a universal access toilet.

History
The trains entered service on 22 January 2000. A toilet was retrofitted to car 1 in each set between 2003 and 2004 at JR Kyushu's Kokura Works.

Build details

The three sets were built by Kinki Sharyo between 1999 and 2002. The fleet build details are as shown below.

References

External links
 Kinki sharyo

Electric multiple units of Japan
Kyushu Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2000
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
USA-256. USA-256, also known as GPS IIF-7, GPS SVN-68 and NAVSTAR 71, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the seventh of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.

Launch 
Built by Boeing and launched by United Launch Alliance, USA-256 was launched at 03:23 UTC on 2 August 2014, atop an Atlas V 401 carrier rocket, vehicle number AV-048. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-256 directly into medium Earth orbit.

Orbit 
As of 3 August 2014, USA-256 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 727.05 minutes, and 55.02 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 09 signal, and operates in slot 6 of plane F of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a design life of 12 years and a mass of .
 It is currently in service following commissioning on September 17, 2014.

References 

Spacecraft launched in 2014
GPS satellites
USA satellites
Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets
John Melvin (engineer). John William Melvin (May 15, 1938 – July 17, 2014) was a research engineer in the field of the biomechanics of automobile crashes and a safety consultant in the field of automotive racing safety.

Early life and education
Melvin was born in Washington D.C. to Eleanor (Joness) Melvin and Eugene H. Melvin. He received his B.S. (1960), M.S. (1962) and Ph.D. (1964) degrees in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from the University of Illinois.

Career
Melvin worked as a research scientist at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) from 1968 to 1985.  He was an associate professor in the Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department at the University of Michigan from 1978 to 1986.  He was an Adjunct Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Wayne State University from 1987 to 1998, and an adjunct professor of biomedical engineering at the same institution from 1998 until his death.

From 1985 to 1998 Melvin was a Senior Staff Research Engineer at the General Motors Research Laboratories.  He retired from General Motors in 1998 and became an independent consultant for the automotive industry and for organizations such as the Indy Racing League, the FIA / Formula 1, and NASA. In 2001, he became a safety consultant for NASCAR, serving as the Technical Consultant to NASCAR for Race Car Safety.

John Melvin held four patents in the field of automotive safety:
, "Data link arrangement with error checking and retransmission control".
, "Multi-chamber air bag with displacement responsive valve".
, "Four point seat-mounted restraint apparatus".
, "Four point restraint apparatus".

Honors and awards 
Melvin was an elected fellow of AIMBE (2002), the SAE (2002), and the FIA Institute for Motorsports Safety (2004).

His work in transportation and motorsports safety was recognized by the US Department of Transportation with their Award for Safety Engineering Excellence and the SAE Louis Schwitzer Award for Innovation and Engineering Excellence in the Field of Race Car Design, both in 1998.

In 2016, the SAE Motorsports Council created the SAE International Award for Motorsport Safety Honoring John Melvin, which was endowed through funding from NASCAR.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
University of Michigan staff
University of Michigan faculty
Dibutyltin dilaurate. Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula . It is a colorless viscous and oily liquid. It is used as a catalyst.

Description 
In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom. The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral. Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom. According to some authors, this compound is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.

Decomposition 
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive. Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols. It is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones. It is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers. It is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Hazards and toxicity
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be absorbed through the skin. It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes). It is a neurotoxin. It can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is very reactive with acids and oxidizers, and it is combustible. It emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke when burned, which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides. Moreover, its vapor is much denser than air (21.8 times so), so it can spread on floors, resulting in explosive conditions or asphyxiation hazards.

Related compounds
 Dibutyltin dioctanoate : CAS#4731-77-5
 Dibutyltin diacetate : CAS #1067-33-0

References

Laurate esters
Organotin compounds
Tin(IV) compounds
N. Harikumar. Narayanan Nair Harikumar (born 19 July 1955) is a sound editor, designer and mixing engineer, known for his works in Malayalam films. He has won two National Film Awards and nine Kerala State Film Awards for audiography. He has worked for many Adoor Gopalakrishnan movies like Anantaram, Mathilukal, Nizhalkuthu, Naalu Pennungal, Oru Pennum Randaanum etc. He worked as Chief Sound Engineer and Studio Manager at Kerala State Film Development Corporation's Chithranjali Studio and later as the Chief Audio Engineer at Aries Vismayas Max.

Early life
N. Harikumar was born on 19 July 1955 in Kollam. He completed his schooling from Kollam Govt. Model Boys High School, Thumba St.Xaviers College and diploma in sound engineering from M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute. He started his career as a sound recordist at Delhi Doordarshan Kendra. In 1979, he joined Chitranjali Studio as sound recordist under renowned sound engineer P. Devadas.

Awards
 National Film Awards
 1987 - Anantaram
 1989 - Mathilukal

 [ 9 times [Kerala State Film Award for Best Sound Recordist|Kerala State Film Awards]]
 2000 - Mazha
 2000 - [ Mazha ]
 2002 - Nizhalkuthu
 2003 - Margam
 2004 - Perumazhakkalam
 2006 - Drishtantham
 2008 - Oru Pennum Randaanum 
 2009 - Patham Nilayile Theevandi
 2013 - Kanyaka Talkies (Sound mixing)
 2014 -   Excellence in Sound mixing for different films (Sound mixing)

Other awards
 7 times- Kerala State Film Critics Award for Best Sound mixing - Oridam ect
 2011 - John Abraham National Award Special Mention for Sound mixing
 Asianet Award, Mathrubhumi Medimix award, Amritha Film Fraternity award,  Kerala State TV award for best Audio, State TV award for best Editor.

References

External links

Indian sound designers
Musicians from Kollam
Kerala State Film Award winners
Living people
1955 births
Film musicians from Kerala
M.G.R. Government Film and Television Training Institute alumni
20th-century Indian composers
21st-century Indian composers
College of Engineering, Aranmula. The College of Engineering, Aranmula (AEC) is a college in Aranmula, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. It is affiliated with the Kerala Technological University (KTU).It was founded in 2014, as part of the Co-operative Academy of Professional Education (CAPE).It is the 8th Engineering College under the Co-operative Academy of Professional Education. CAPE was formed to establish educational institutions to provide education and training, research and development, and consultancy. The society is promoted by the Co-operation department of the government of Kerala and is an autonomous society.

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has given approval for the conduct of the courses. The state government has sanctioned the 4 B.Tech degree courses.

Admission is through Central Counselling by the government of Kerala. Candidates are admitted based on the Common Entrance Examination. 50% of the seats are treated as government seats, and the balance 35% as Management Quota. 15% of the seats are reserved for NRIs.

About CAPE
The Co-operative Academy of Professional Education is promoted by the Co-operation Department of the Government of Kerala and is an autonomous society under Government of Kerala. The society is registered under the Travancore-Cochin Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Act, 1955 on the basis of the Memorandum of Association and the Rules as approved by the Government of Kerala. The Hon'ble Chief Minister of Kerala, Shri. Oommen Chandy is the ex-officio chairman of the society. The Hon'ble Minister for Co-operation, Khadi and Village Industries, Shri.C.N.Balakrishnan is the ex-officio vice chairman of the society and the chairman of its board of governors.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Cell (IEDC)
EDC is a non-profit separate independent central facilitating centre within the institution formed to promote the Innovation and entrepreneurship among the students. The formal Inauguration of IEDC was held on 3 March 2016 by Shri. Adv. Sivadasan Nair M.L.A. After the inauguration function a keynote address by Mr. Anoop P Ambika (chief executive officer-Cognub decision solutions Secretary - Group of technology companies, Technopark). The function was felicitated by Mr. Vishal & Mr. Akshai, Kerala Start Up Mission (formerly Technopark Technology Business Incubator, T-TBI).

Courses

The college offers B.Tech (Bachelor of Technology) degrees in 4 streams as shown in the following table.

See also
 Kerala Technological University
 List of Engineering Colleges in Kerala

External links
Engineering Colleges in Kerala
Engineering Colleges under CAPE

References

Engineering colleges in Kerala
Universities and colleges in Pathanamthitta district
Educational institutions established in 2014
2014 establishments in Kerala