China Railways SY. China Railways SY is a () 2-8-2 Mikado locomotive operated by the China Railway. It was built mostly by Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works between 1960 and 1999.

History and design 
The SY class was developed by the Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., and the primary purpose for the locomotives was usage in industrial services. The basis for the SYs was the JF6 class, which was already a lighter variant of the JF1 class designed by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), but the SYs would incorporate some newer design features introduced on other locomotives, such as the JS and RM classes. The SY features the JF6s lacked included taller smokestacks, different front step and handrail arrangements, different motion bracket arrangements, a higher boiler pressure (, a lower axle loading (, and all boxpok driving wheels.

The new class was originally designated as the GN (), but it was quickly changed to SY (). The SY designation was possibly influenced by a quote from Chairman Mao (). The prototype SY (SY-0001) was constructed in 1960, by the Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, and thirteen others followed suit that same year.

The first SYs were originally equipped with design features incorporated by the JF series, including the same horizontal cab and tender designs, stepped running boards, and disc leading wheels. In 1961, the Sifang General Repair Works erected two more prototype SYs, both of which were exported to Vietnam, the following year. By 1966, the SY design became finalized with some standardized changes, including a widened cab, and commercial production on the class began. Tangshan would construct over 1,700 SY locomotives, but some would also be built by workshops in Jinan, Tongling, and Changchun.

In service, all of the SYs were assigned to shunt and haul freight trains in numerous industrial areas throughout China, including coal mines, iron ore mines, petroleum fields, chemical plants, power stations, steel mills, and machine factories. In mining areas with long-distance rail networks, the SYs would also be assigned to haul passenger trains. Sometime during production, the SY class received a new tender tank design with sloped-back sides to improve rearward vision for crews, since SYs often operated in reverse, during industrial service. The first locomotive to receive the new tender design was SY-0877.

In July 1976, SY production was temporarily halted, when an earthquake affected Tangshan’s factory, and production did not resume, until late 1979-early 1980. The final steam locomotive built in China for use on national railways was SY-1772, completed at Tangshan, in October 1999. After the end of commercial steam operations on Chinese main lines in 2005, some SYs still remained in service for some industrial firms, such as the Sandaoling Coal Mine Railway in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In April 2022, Sandaoling discontinued their regular steam operations, making them the final railway company in the world to end commercial service for steam locomotives.

Export
The SY class was also among the few Chinese steam locomotives to be exported to the United States. In 1989 and 1991, three SYs were constructed for tourist railroads in the United States, SY-1647M ('M' ) for the Valley Railroad and SY-1658M for the Knox and Kane Railroad were built in 1989 at a cost of $300,000, with a third being built in 1991 for the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway. This third one was lost at sea during shipment in the Indian Ocean, when the ship it was on sunk, after encountering a major storm.

The Susquehanna later purchased SY-1647M from the Valley Railroad, renumbering it as 142. No. 142 ran throughout the NYS&W system until its transfer to the New York Susquehanna & Western Technical & Historical Society in 2003 and now operates on the Belvidere and Delaware River Railway in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. SY1658m was renumbered 58 in the mid to late 1990s. After the main draw of the Knox and Kane Railroad, the Kinzua Bridge collapsed in mid 2003, the 58 was withdrawn from service and moved with other equipment to an engine house in Kane, Pennsylvania. On the morning of 16 March 2008, No. 58 was damaged when the engine house it was stored in was burned by arson. No. 58 was purchased later that year by the Valley Railroad at an auction. Upon purchase, the 58 was renumbered 3025 and was given a complete rebuild which included cosmetic alterations to make it resemble a New Haven 2-8-2.

One was bought by the Korean National Railroad in 1994, numbered 901, and operated for excursion trains. It has been out of service since 2012.

Nos. 1647 and 1658 were 2 of the 6 Chinese steam locomotives to be exported to the United States, the others exported being QJ class Nos. 6988, 7040, 7081 and JS Class 8419.

Preservation 
SY-0017: is preserved at Fangzi Coal Mine Heritage Park, Weifang.
SY-0024: is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
SY-0051: is preserved at Hubei Huangshi National Mine Park.
SY-0053: is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
SY-0057: is preserved at Dalian Software Park.
SY-0072: is preserved at Lingyuan Iron and Steel Group Corporation.
SY-0192: is preserved at the Former Guizhou-Guangxi Railway Bridge, Chengbei New District, Duyun.
SY-0194: is preserved at Lanzhou JiaoTong University.
SY-0223: is preserved at Changchun Park.
SY-0232: is preserved at Yakeshi Railway Station.
SY-0309: is preserved at Dashanzi Art District, Beijing.
SY-0320: is preserved at  Panzhihua Third-line Construction Museum.
SY-0359: is preserved at Shanghai Junior College of Tourism
SY-0368: is preserved at Gourmet Mansion in Nanjing.
SY-0381: is preserved at Discovery Park, Hengyang.
SY-0386: is preserved at an unknown location, on static display.
SY-0388: is preserved at Yunnan Railway Museum.
SY-0405: is preserved at Liupanshui Third-line Construction Museum.
SY-0427: is preserved at Tianjin Haijin Bridge Park.
SY-0452: is preserved at Mudanjiang Railway Station.
SY-0465: is preserved at Sichuan International Tourism Trade Fair Center.
SY-0477: is preserved at Hengdaohezi Locomotive Depot, Mudanjiang.
SY-0514: is preserved at Xiaoyutuo Railway Station, Chongqing.
SY-0516: is preserved at Jiayang National Mine Park Museum.
SY-0590: is preserved at Suifenhe Great Railway House.
SY-0590: is preserved at Jiangyue Road No. 1500, Minhang District, Shanghai.
SY-0652: is preserved at Dalian Modern Museum.
SY-0764: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings (near Tangshan).
SY-0862: is preserved at Shanghai Chedun Film Base.
SY-0913: is preserved at Guilin, Guangxi.
SY-0955: is preserved at Tangshan National Mine Park & China Railway Origin Museum
SY-1000: is preserved at Liuzhou Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works.
SY-1004: is preserved at Shandong Jiaotong University.
SY-1034: is preserved at Lintong Longhai Railway Park (Now renamed SY-1088).
SY-1068: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings。
SY-1085: is preserved at China Academy of Railway Sciences.
SY-1088: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
SY-1096: is preserved at Shenyang Railway Museum.
SY-1171: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
SY-1356: is preserved at Tangshan National Mine Park & China Railway Origin Museum
SY-1504: is preserved at Liuzhou Industrial Museum.
SY-1647: is preserved at the Belvedere and Delaware River Railway in the US
SY-1658: is preserved at the Connecticut Valley Railroad in the US
SY-1670: is preserved at Shanghai Institute of Technology.
SY-1680: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings nearTangshan.
SY-1700: is lying derelict at Linxi (林西) Coal Mine sidings.
SY-1701: is preserved at Hangzhou Baita Park.
SY-1702: is preserved at Guilin University of Aerospace Technology.
SY-1736: is lying derelict at Zhaogezhuang (赵各庄) Coal Mine sidings nearTangshan.
SY-1748: is preserved at Shanghai Youth Square.
SY-3016 is preserved by Korail in South Korea.

See also 
 List of locomotives in China
 China Railways JS
 KORAIL 901
 YouTube Video by Wiki's "Chinarail" SY Steam Locomotives Graveyard

References

Bibliography 

 
 

2-8-2 locomotives
Steam locomotives of China
Steam locomotives of South Korea
Steam locomotives of the United States
Railway locomotives introduced in 1960
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Standard gauge locomotives of South Korea
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Tangshan locomotives