omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MUPSOW. The Denel Dynamics (formerly Kentron) MUPSOW (MUlti-Purpose, Stand-Off Weapon) is a guided weapon designed for pinpoint strikes against soft targets such as airfields, bunkers and command-and-control centers at stand-off ranges. Accuracy is achieved by using an advanced  inertial navigation and terminal guidance technology consisting of a data link to either TV, IIR or MMW seekers. The airframe is made out of composites, powered by a turbojet.  The weapon carries warheads of fragmentation, anti-runway ordnance and single warhead configurations.

The Mupsow is a South African development on which Kentron has been working under contract from the Air Force since 1991, with  unpowered flight tests commencing in 1997. The MUPSOW is thought to be an extension of the H2 stand-off weapon program. It is not known if Mupsow has entered SAAF service.

See also
Ra'ad-II, a Pakistani ALCM which possess somewhat similarities in dimensions and appearance

External links 
 Mupsow Cruise Missile
 
 MUPSOW/Torgos
 MUPSOW

Guided missiles of South Africa
Air-to-surface missiles
Fredrik Vogt. Fredrik Vogt (23 December 189226 January 1970) was a Norwegian engineer and civil servant. In the 1930s he was a professor and rector at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (Norwegian abbreviation NTH). As the first director general of the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Agency, he played a central role in developing the hydroelectric power capacity in Norway after the Second World War.

Personal life
Vogt was born in Kristiania; a son of professor of metallurgy and geology Johan Herman Lie Vogt and  Martha Johanne Abigael Kinck. He was a brother of geologist Thorolf Vogt, economist Johan Vogt and newspaper editor and politician Jørgen Vogt. In 1916 he married Signe Fjalstad, a sister of jurist and politician Olaf Fjalstad.
He was a brother-in-law of actor Martin Linge and physician Odd Havrevold, who both were married to his sister Margit.
He died in Oslo in January 1970.

Career

Early career 
Vogt graduated as construction engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1914, and as dr. techn. in 1924. His thesis, Berechnung und Konstruktion des Wasserschlosses, was published in Germany. He was the first doctorate from the NTH. From 1914 to 1918 he worked as engineer for Kincks Vandbygningskontor. From 1918 to 1922 he constructed the Skarfjord hydroelectric plant in Northern Norway. He was appointed at the Norwegian Institute of Technology from 1922, as professor in mechanics from 1931. He published nearly fifty scientific papers in various journals. In 1936 he was elected rector of the institute.

Second World War
As rector during the German invasion of Norway, and the subsequent occupation, Vogt faced various challenges. He was re-elected as rector in May 1940, but resigned from his position in September 1941, and moved to Oslo. In January 1943 he skied to Sweden, and was immediately brought to England. In London he worked for the Norwegian government in exile. From the summer of 1943 he chaired a governmental industrial committee.

Post war
Vogt resumed his position as rector at NTH from May 1945. He served as director general of the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Agency from 1947 to 1960. During this period the Norwegian Government completed several large hydroelectric power plants, increasing the state-owned total annual production capacity from about two to nearly eight TWh. Internationally, he chaired the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation Electricity Committee from 1954 to 1957, and was member of a World Bank committee for supervising power stations funded by the bank.

Awards and decorations
Vogt became a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1936. He was decorated as a Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1947, and was Commander of the Order of the Polar Star.

References

1892 births
1970 deaths
Engineers from Oslo
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Norwegian Institute of Technology
Rectors of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Norwegian people of World War II
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Commanders of the Order of the Polar Star
Roger Krone. Roger A. Krone (born July 25, 1956) is the president and chief executive officer of the Boy Scouts of America. He was previously CEO of Leidos. A pilot and aerospace engineer, Krone worked for 45 years in the aerospace industry, holding senior program management and finance positions at Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and General Dynamics.

Education 
A native of Cincinnati, Krone earned a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology where he also became interested in flying airplanes. In 1981, Krone earned a master's degree in aerospace engineering from  University of Texas at Arlington and in 1986 an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Career 
In 1978 Krone joined General Dynamics, where he worked in engineering, program management, and finance. From 1984 to 1986 he attended Harvard Business School where he earned a Master of Business Administration degree. In 1992 Krone joined McDonnell Douglas where he worked as director of financial planning and became vice president and treasurer of the company. When McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing in 1997, Krone became a Boeing employee. In 2008 he became the president of Boeing's Network and Space Systems division, leading about 15,000 employees in 35 states. 

On July 14, 2014, Krone joined Leidos as CEO.

In November 2023, Krone was selected as president and CEO of Boy Scouts of America, the first new CEO after the organization had emerged from bankruptcy in the wake of the $2.46 billion trust fund set aside for victims of Boy Scouts of America sex abuse cases.  One of his first initiatives as CEO was to preside over the rebranding of BSA as Scouting America in recognition of the more than 176,000 girls and young women active in the program having been opened to both genders in 2017.

In June 2024, he presided over the migration of the BSA's legacy Scoutbook application to the new Scoutbook+ application.

Awards 
Krone earned his Eagle Scout award in 1973. 

In 2021, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for contributions in Aerospace and Electronics, Communication & Information Systems.

References

1956 births
Living people
Georgia Tech alumni
University of Texas at Arlington alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Boeing people
20th-century American businesspeople
Chief Scout Executives
IPhone OS 1. iPhone OS 1 is the first major release of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system. It was succeeded by iPhone OS 2 on July 11, 2008.

History

Development history
Development of iPhone OS 1.0 and the first generation of iPhone hardware was a combined effort. Only employees from within Apple were allowed to be a part of the iPhone development team. It was a completely secret project and at the time when the team was selected, even they weren't told what they were going to be working on. There were two teams inside Apple that worked on creating the iPhone: one worked on converting the iPod into a phone and the other worked on compressing the Mac OS X operating system to make it work on smaller devices like phones. A team led by Jon Rubinstein worked on developing a lightweight Linux-based version, commonly referred to as Acorn, while another team led by Scott Forstall worked on developing a more compressed and streamlined version of Mac OS X, codenamed purple, to run on the ARM chipset. Tony Fadell, who then led the iPhone team said "It was a competing set of ideas, not teams, and we were all working on it". There were 16 to 17 different concepts. Many people on the team were still hung up on the idea that everyone would want to type on a hardware keyboard, not glass. The idea of introducing a complete touch screen was very novel to everyone. Many user interfaces were prototyped, including the multi-touch click-wheel. Although many thought it was a waste of time, Apple CEO Steve Jobs insisted on prototyping all concepts/ideas before the Mac OS X-based version of the operating system was selected.

Introduction and release
iPhone OS was introduced at the Macworld Conference & Expo at the Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco, in a keynote address by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007, along with the original iPhone. At the time, Jobs only said the iPhone "runs OS X", and according to Chicago Sun-Times columnist Andy Ihnatko, this was confirmed in official briefings and unofficial conversations.

iPhone OS 1.0 was released alongside the original iPhone, on June 29, 2007.

The iPhone OS 1.1.3 update cost $19.95 for iPod Touch users.

Apps
iPhone OS 1 did not have any App Store or a Software Development Kit (SDK) for third-party developers to create native applications. Instead, Apple directed developers to create web apps which could be accessed from Safari.

Supported devices
iPhone (1st generation)
iPod Touch (1st generation)

Version history

References

External links

1
2007 software
Products introduced in 2007
Mobile operating systems
Proprietary operating systems
Shin-Keisei 8900 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Shin-Keisei Electric Railway on the Shin-Keisei Line in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, since September 1993.

Formations
, the fleet consists of three eight-car sets based at Kunugiyama Depot with four motored (M) cars and four trailer (T) cars, formed as shown below, with the Tc1 car at the Tsudanuma end.

 The M2 cars are each fitted with two single-arm-type pantographs.
 The T1 cars are designated as having mild air-conditioning.

History
The sets were built by Nippon Sharyo in Aichi Prefecture, with the first set entering service on 26 September 1993. The second set entered service on 29 February 1996, and the third set entered service on 25 June 1996.

In 2014, set 8911 was reduced to six cars and repainted in the new pink corporate colour scheme.

References

External links

 Official Shin-Keisei rolling stock information 
 Shin-Keisei 8900 series (Nippon Sharyo) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Train-related introductions in 1993
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
Stacy and Witbeck. Stacy and Witbeck is a construction firm operating in the United States.
It has received contracts to build several rapid transit lines.

In 2011, Engineering News-Record reported the firm was the 103rd largest construction firm in the United States, and had $450 million in annual revenue.

In 2007 the firm received a contract to construct commuter rail stations in Wilsonville, Oregon.
In 2013 the firm received the contract to construct Detroit's M1 streetcar route.

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Association négaWatt. Association négaWatt is a French advocacy group based in Valence, Drôme. It was founded in 2001 to promote the negawatt concept and its application to French society. The association seeks to reduce the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power. Its approach is based on energy conservation, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies. It published a scenario that details a path to phasing out these energy sources.

The association unites energy specialists in France, relying mostly on volunteer engineers. Other specialists include volunteer sociologists, economists and urban planners, who work together to create energy transition scenarios and to suggest political steps that would need to be taken.

Association négaWatt inspired local initiatives in transition towns called "Virage-Énergie," meaning "energy bend".

NégaWatt scenario 

The NégaWatt scenario spans from 2012 to 2050. The scenario starts by assessing energy needs for heating, transportation and specific electricity, and suggests a transition path. It then couples the NégaWatt and the Afterterres 2050 scenarios. The  association targets agriculture energy use and can evaluate biomass production, providing the NégaWatt scenario with realistic figures.

The scenario employs the power to gas process to compensate for the intermittent nature of most renewable energies. The stability of the electricity network is guaranteed with a maximal time step of one hour. The scenario concludes that proven technologies are available to effect the transition.

Other countries 
A Swiss NégaWatt organization was founded in 2016, on the basis of the French one.

See also  

 Rocky Mountain Institute
 Transition town

External links 
  (in French)
 Swiss negaWatt organization (in German and French)
 négaWatt scenario in English
 Virage-énergie Nord-Pas-de-Calais
 Virage Énergie Climat Pays de la Loire
 Virage-énergie Île-de-France
 Virage-énergie Aquitaine

References 

Energy conservation in France
Energy policy
Sustainability organizations
Environmental organizations based in France
Environmental organisations based in Switzerland
Non-profit organizations based in France
Think tanks established in 2001
2001 in the environment
2001 establishments in France
Organizations based in Île-de-France
Advocacy groups in France
K. K. College of Engineering and Management. K. K. College Of Engineering and Management (KKCEM) is an engineering institute situated in the valley of Tundi at Gobindpur in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. It was established in the year of 2010.

Academics
The college offers 4 year degree courses in Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering and Computer Science Engineering and 3 year 2nd shift diploma course in Mechanical Engineering. Admission is through Jharkhand Combined Entrance Examination or AIEEE. The courses are approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Jharkhand

References

External links 
 

Engineering colleges in Jharkhand
Education in Dhanbad district
Educational institutions established in 2010
2010 establishments in Jharkhand
Repetition method. In surveying, the repetition method is used to improve precision and accuracy of measurements of horizontal angles.  The same angle is measured multiple times, with the survey instrument rotated so that systematic errors tend to cancel.  The arithmetic mean of these observations gives true value of an angle.  The precision of the measurement can exceed the least count of the instrument.  used.

The repetition method is used when high accuracy is required. For rough or approximate survey work, the  ordinary method of measuring horizontal angles is used as it is less time consuming.

See also
Survey camp
Adjustments of theodolite
Ranging rods
Prismatic compass (surveying)

References

Surveying
Civil engineering
Aubert Y. Coran. Aubert Y. Coran (1932–2020) was an American scientist noted for his contributions to thermoplastic elastomers and vulcanization chemistry of rubber. In 1983, he won the Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award, bestowed by the American Chemical Society to individuals "who have exhibited exceptional technical competency by making significant and repeated contributions to rubber science and technology". In 1995, the rubber division of the American Chemical Society bestowed on Coran the Charles Goodyear Medal in honor of his international contributions to polymer science and development.

Personal
Coran was born March 24, 1932, in St. Louis, Missouri. He died on October 20, 2020, in Sarasota, Florida, at the age of 88.

Education
In 1955, Coran received a Master of Science Degree from the St. Louis College of Pharmacy. He completed a doctorate degree in physical chemistry in 1992, at University of Haute-Alsace.

Career
After receiving his MS, Coran went to work for Monsanto Company in St. Louis, Missouri, remaining with the company until his retirement in 1991. During his time with Monsanto, he researched the use of sulfur and accelerators in vulcanizing rubber and helped develop Santoprene, Santogard PVA and Vocol accelerator. In the years 1978–1983, Coran served as the 6th editor of the scientific journal Rubber Chemistry and Technology.  In 1986, he managed future Eastman technology fellow Frederick Ignatz-Hoover. After his retirement from Monsanto, he took a position with the Institute of Polymer Engineering at the University of Akron, managing the EPIC-M.A. Hanna Polymer Blending and Compounding Center. In the mid-1990s, A. N. Gent wrote that Coran had "played the leading role in the remarkable progress made in rubber vulcanization since about 1960."

After departing the University of Akron in September 1991, Coran established a consultancy headquartered in Longboat, Florida.

Honors and awards 
Coran has received three awards from the American Chemical Society. In 1980, its Detroit division bestowed on him the Thomas Midgley award. In 1983, he received the Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award. In 1995, the rubber division honored him with the Charles Goodyear Medal. He has also been acknowledged by the Plastics and Rubber Institute, which gave him its Colwyn medal in 1984.

External links
 1995 Interview with Aubert Coran

References

Polymer scientists and engineers
University of Akron faculty
Scientists from St. Louis
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
William B. Wiegand. William B. Wiegand (February 17, 1889 – August 18, 1976) was a Canadian-born research chemist and later a chemicals industry executive. He was vice president of Columbian Carbon Co., known for his pioneering work on carbon black technology.  Wiegand developed a type of heat engine, the rubber pendulum, based on the Gough-Joule effect. Later in his career, he studied carbon black's reinforcing effect on rubber, and proposed that the effect arises due to forces acting at the interface between the carbon black and the surrounding elastomer matrix.  He was a pioneer in developing the furnace method for producing carbon black.  Wiegand was the 1923 ACS Rubber Division chair. He received the Colwyn medal in 1956 and the Charles Goodyear Medal in 1960.  

Wiegand was born in Conestogo, Ontario, Canada on February 17, 1889. He died in Bernardston, Massachusetts on August 18, 1976, at the age of 87.

References

American business executives
1889 births
1976 deaths
Midwest Engineering & Design. Midwest Engineering & Design (also called just Midwest Engineering) is an American aircraft, boat and submarine manufacturer based in Overland Park, Kansas. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of a wide variety of vehicles and other products under the motto "Exploring our world by land, sea and air".

The company is a division of Digital Marketing USA.

The company's products include autogyros, sailboats, submarines, Scuba diver propulsion vehicle, hydrofoils, off-road motorcycles, amphibious gliders, underwater camera housings, hydrophones, powered paragliders, a line of outdoor cookbooks and a discontinued line of ultralight aircraft and helicopters. Some products are available as plans, kits, parts or complete units.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Homebuilt aircraft
Ultralight aircraft
Companies based in Overland Park, Kansas
Xu Qin. Xu Qin (; born October 1961) is a Chinese politician, and the current Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Heilongjiang. Previously he had served as governor of Hebei, and before that, mayor, then party chief of Shenzhen, China's most prominent special economic zone.

Career
Xu Qin was born in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, in 1961. He was admitted to the Beijing Institute of Technology in October 1978 to study photoelectric engineering. After graduating in 1982, he was assigned by the state to Factory 559 (later part of Norinco), a military contractor, to conduct scientific research with military applications. He returned to BIT two years later to study for a master's degree. In 1987, after obtaining his master's, he joined the National Planning Commission (the antecedent of the National Development and Reform Commission), embarking on a career as a public servant with technical skills.  

Xu worked for the next twenty years in the economic planning system, supporting state-run industries related to electrical mechanics. In 2001, he entered the Guanghua School of Management to obtain an MBA. In 2003, he began overseeing high-tech planning as part of the National Development and Reform Commission. In 2004 he received a doctorate from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

In April 2008, he was transferred to the Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen to become executive vice mayor. In June 2010, he was named Mayor of Shenzhen. Xu was mayor during the 2015 Shenzhen landslide, an industrial accident later deemed to have been caused by human factors. He apologized on behalf of the government for the incident, bowing to the public to acknowledge his responsibility. On December 31, 2016, after Ma Xingrui was moved to the post of Governor of Guangdong, Xu was named party chief of Shenzhen. He served as party chief and mayor for a few months simultaneously.

In April 2017, Xu was transferred to Hebei as deputy party chief and governor-designate, duly was confirmed as Governor of Hebei by the provincial People's Congress on April 26, 2017. He will oversee the planning of the Xiong'an New Area and integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic area.

On October 18, 2021, he was transferred to northeast China's Heilongjiang province and appointed Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Heilongjiang.

References

External links
Asia Pacific Cities Summit profile

Living people
21st-century mayors of places in China
Mayors of Shenzhen
Governors of Hebei
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
Political office-holders in Guangdong
Politicians from Lianyungang
1961 births
Beijing Institute of Technology alumni
Alumni of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Delegates to the 12th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 11th National People's Congress
Members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
CCP committee secretaries of Heilongjiang
Members of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party