omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Edward Potts (architect). Edward Potts (2 March 1839 – 15 April 1909) was an architect who practised in Oldham, Lancashire, England.

Biography
Potts was born on 2 March 1839 in Bury, Lancashire. He moved to Oldham and designed many of the town's Cotton mills and was ranked with P. S. Stott as the greatest mill architect of Victorian Lancashire. Potts and his partnerships were responsible for the design and build of 200 mills, sixteen of which were in Oldham. One such mill is Textile Mill, Chadderton built in 1882.

Mills of this period were constructed with fireproof floors. These were principally triple brick arches, but Potts pioneered the use of 7" thick concrete floors. On 3 March 1884 he attempted to patent this new method of constructing fireproof floors and ceilings. The patent was rejected, and it was rapidly adopted by other architects. The seven inch floor was more rigid than a 12" brick floor, so preserved the alignment of the spinning mules, thus saving power. However the concrete floor however required a closer grouping of supporting columns, which restricted the size of the machines. To solve this, he introduced transverse steel girders into the design, supported on steel lintels above the windows. Thus there was no lateral thrust on the walls, and the windows became square headed and abnormally wide.

Potts moved to Eccles in 1891 and was responsible for the design of the town's library. He was a Liberal member of Eccles borough council from 1902 to 1905, the first chairman of the town's library committee in 1904 and a Justice of the Peace in 1906. He inaugurated popular Saturday night concerts during the winter months, and, keen to reduce the incidence of infant mortality, gave a sovereign to the mother of every child who reached the age of one.

He died on 15 April 1909 and was buried at Chadderton Cemetery.

Partnerships
Woodhouse & Potts (1860–1872)
Independent architect (1872–1880)
Potts, Pickup & Dixon (1880–1890), Manchester office from 1882
Potts, Son & Henning, Manchester, Oldham, and Bolton (1890–1907)

See also
List of mills in Chadderton

References

Notes

Bibliography

1839 births
1909 deaths
19th-century English architects
People from Bury, Greater Manchester
People from Oldham
Architects from Lancashire
Harald Wergeland. Harald Nicolai Storm Wergeland (14 March 1912 – 25 January 1987) was a Norwegian physicist. He was a professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

He was born in Norderhov as a son of forest manager Harald Nicolay Storm Wergeland (1884–1953) and Ebba Marie Weien (1889–1952). In 1937 he married Hedvig Louise Ording, a sister of Fredrik Ording.

He finished his secondary education in 1931. He graduated as a chemical engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1936 and earned the dr.philos. degree in 1942. He was briefly a teacher at Trondheim Commerce School before working as an assistant at the Norwegian Institute of Technology from 1939.

Wergeland worked as a professor of physics from 1946 to 1979 at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology at Gløshaugen. He also served as associate professor at Purdue University from 1948 to 1949. Wergeland participated in the foundation of CERN and was a leading member of Pugwash in Norway.

He served as praeses of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 1958 to 1965. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1943, the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters from 1964 and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1960 and received the Gunnerus Medal in 1970.

References

External links
 The family tree of Harald Wergeland on Geni.com

1912 births
1987 deaths
Norwegian chemical engineers
Norwegian physicists
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Norwegian Institute of Technology
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Members of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
People associated with CERN
Bourns, Inc.. Bourns, Inc. is an American electronics company that develops, manufactures and supplies electronic components for a variety of industries including automotive, industrial, instrumentation, medical electronics, consumer equipment and portable electronics.

Established in Altadena, California in 1947 by Marlan and Rosemary Bourns, graduates of the University of Michigan, the company was founded to develop and sell electronic components and sensors to the aerospace industry.

Bourns has 15 manufacturing facilities around the world and has continued growing through the development of new products and technologies as well as through acquisitions.  The company has approximately 9000 employees worldwide.

Its current Chairman of the Board and CEO is Gordon Bourns, the son of the co-founders.

History
Marlan and Rosemary Bourns started the company in their  garage in Altadena, California in 1947. Their invention of linear motion and vane position potentiometers provided a method of accurately determining an aircraft's pitch, and helped to grow their business into a global corporation.

Headquartered in Riverside, California, Bourns makes and provides a broad range of electronic components and circuit protection devices including automotive sensors, circuit protection solutions, magnetic and inductor products, specialty engineering and manufacturing services, precision potentiometers, panel controls, encoders and resistive products.

Technology innovations 
In 1952, Bourns patented the trimming potentiometer, trademarked "Trimpot". In 1995, Bourns acquired VRN's Trimmer assets and introduced the first 4 mm surface-mount sealed tact switch.  In 2008, Bourns acquired the Transient Blocking Unit (TBU) assets of Fultec Semiconductor, Inc.

Acquisitions 

 2001: Joslyn GDT Division assets
 2003: Telecom Protection assets from Texas Instruments Sensors & Controls Division
 2003: Microelectronic Modules Corporation assets
 2004: MMC's Switch Power Products assets
 2004: RUF Automotive Group
 2005: Tyco/Meggitt's Fuel Card Product assets
 2006: J.W. Miller Magnetics Business
 2006: the Automotive Controls Division assets of SSI Technologies
 2006: Polymer PTC division of Therm-O-Disc, Inc.
 2008: the Transient Blocking Unit (TBU) assets of Fultec Semiconductor, Inc.
 2008: the Protection Products assets of Emerson Network Power Energy Systems
 2009: Central Office Surge Protection Products assets from Corning Cable Systems LLC
 2012: Assets from Jensen Devices AB, Stockholm, Sweden
 2014: Komatsulite Mfg. Co., Ltd
 2015: Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.'s trimming potentiometer business
 2021: Kaschke Components GmbH

References

External links
Corporate website
Dialog: With Gordon L. Bourns, CEO of Bourns Inc. (Electronic Product News)
EDN: 19th Annual Innovation Awards

Electronics companies of the United States
Technology companies of the United States
Electronics companies established in 1947
Fabless semiconductor companies
Companies based in Riverside, California
1947 establishments in California
SM UC-17. SM UC-17 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She was ordered on 29 August 1915 and launched on 29 February 1916. She was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy on 21 July 1916 as SM UC-17.

In 21 patrols UC-17 was credited with sinking 96 ships by either torpedo or laying mines. They included the Royal Fleet Auxiliary munitions ship , which she torpedoed and sank in the English Channel on 26 March 1918.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-17 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  overall, a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-17 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Fate
UC-17 was surrendered on 26 November 1918 and broken up at Preston in 1919–20.

Summary of raiding history

Notes

References

References

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships
SM UC-18. SM UC-18 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. 

The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 4 March 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 15 August 1916 as SM UC-18. In 6 patrols UC-18 was credited with sinking 34 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-18 was sunk by the British Q ship HMS Lady Olive on 19 February 1917.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-18 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . 

The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . 

UC-18 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Discovery
In March 2024, it was announced that the wreck of UC-18 had been discovered by a team of divers off the island of Guernsey at a depth of , some  further west than the historical accounts of the battle described which was originally believed to have been  west of the coast of Jersey.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
Maritime incidents in 1917
U-boats sunk by British warships
U-boats sunk in 1917
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships
Submarines lost with all hands
SM UC-19. SM UC-19 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 15 March 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 21 August 1916 as SM UC-19. In three patrols UC-19 was credited with sinking four ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-19 was sunk by depth charges from  in the English Channel on 6 December 1916.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-19 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-19 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
Maritime incidents in 1916
U-boats sunk in 1916
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by British warships
World War I shipwrecks in the English Channel
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I submarines of Germany
Submarines lost with all hands
SM UC-20. SM UC-20 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 1 April 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 7 September 1916 as SM UC-20. In 13 patrols UC-20 was credited with sinking 21 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-20 was surrendered on 16 January 1919 and broken up at Preston in 1919–20.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-20 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-20 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships
SM UC-22. SM UC-22 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 1 February 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 30 June 1916 as SM UC-22. In 15 patrols UC-22 was credited with sinking 23 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-22 was surrendered to France on 3 February 1919 and was broken up at Landerneau in July 1921.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-22 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-22 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships
SM UC-23. SM UC-23 was a German Type UC II minelaying submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 29 August 1915 and was launched on 29 February 1916. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 July 1916 as SM UC-23. In 17 patrols UC-23 was credited with sinking 46 ships, either by torpedo or by mines laid. UC-23 was surrendered at Sevastopol on 25 November 1918 and broken up at Bizerta in August 1921.

Design
Like all pre-UC-25 Type UC II submarines, UC-23 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing  (a total of ), two electric motors producing , and two propeller shafts. She had a dive time of 35 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-23 was fitted with six  mine tubes, eighteen UC 200 mines, three  torpedo tubes (one on the stern and two on the bow), seven torpedoes, and one  Uk L/30 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-six crew members.

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

Ships built in Hamburg
German Type UC II submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1916
World War I minelayers of Germany
World War I submarines of Germany
1916 ships
Cisgenesis. Cisgenesis is a product designation for a category of genetically engineered plants. A variety of classification schemes have been proposed that order genetically modified organisms based on the nature of introduced genotypical changes, rather than the process of genetic engineering.

Cisgenesis (etymology: cis = same side; and genesis = origin) is one term for organisms that have been engineered using a process in which genes are artificially transferred between organisms that could otherwise be conventionally bred. Genes are only transferred between closely related organisms. Nucleic acid sequences must be isolated and introduced using the same technologies that are used to produce transgenic organisms, making cisgenesis similar in nature to transgenesis. The term was first introduced in 2000 by Henk J. Schouten and Henk Jochemsen, and in 2004 a PhD thesis by Jan Schaart of Wageningen University in 2004, discussing making strawberries less susceptible to Botrytis cinerea.

In Europe, currently, this process is governed by the same laws as transgenesis. While researchers at Wageningen University in the Netherlands feel that this should be changed and regulated in the same way as conventionally bred plants, other scientists, writing in Nature Biotechnology, have disagreed. In 2012 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a report with their risk assessment of cisgenic and intragenic plants. They compared the hazards associated with plants produced by cisgenesis and intragenesis with those obtained either by conventional plant breeding techniques or transgenesis. The EFSA concluded that "similar hazards can be associated with cisgenic and conventionally bred plants, while novel hazards can be associated with intragenic and transgenic plants."

Cisgenesis has been applied to transfer of natural resistance genes to the devastating disease Phytophthora infestans in potato and scab (Venturia inaequalis) in apple.

Cisgenesis and transgenesis use artificial gene transfer, which results in less extensive change to an organism's genome than mutagenesis, which was widely used before genetic engineering was developed.

Some people believe that cisgenesis should not face as much regulatory oversight as genetic modification created through transgenesis as it is possible, if not practical, to transfer alleles among closely related species even by traditional crossing. The primary biological advantage of cisgenesis is that it does not disrupt favorable heterozygous states, particularly in asexually propagated crops such as potato, which do not breed true to seed. One application of cisgenesis is to create blight resistant potato plants by transferring known resistance loci wild genotypes into modern, high yielding varieties.

The Dutch government has proposed to exclude cisgenic plants from the European GMO Regulation, in view of the safety of cisgenic plants compared to classically bred plants, and their contribution to durable food production.

Related classification scheme 
A related classification scheme proposed by Kaare Nielsen is:

Diagram 

.

References 

Genetic engineering
Rozalex. Rozalex was a brand of Rozalex Limited, a subsidiary of the Chloride Electrical Storage Company credited with being the first company in the United Kingdom to commercialise topical barrier cream for use in an industrial setting.

The cream was originally developed for use in their Exide works at Clifton Junction near Manchester. Battery manufacture was labour-intensive and used hazardous materials, so skin irritation and contact dermatitis were rife among workers. Chloride began researching and developing a barrier cream that could help protect workers and increase productivity.

Company history

The company was founded in 1929 as a spin-off of The Chloride Electrical Storage Co. Ltd.

In 1969, Newton, Chambers & Company acquired Rozalex Limited and the brand sat along other household names such as IZAL and Zalpon.

In 1972, Newton, Chambers & Co was acquired by the Central & Sheerwood Trust, an Investment banking and financial services group.

In 1973, Central & Sheerwood Trust sold the IZAL operation, which included Rozalex, to Sterling Winthrop's, Sterling Industrial.

In 1981, Sterling Industrial acquired the Kerodex range of industrial barrier creams and merged them into the Rozalex Range.

In 1987, Unilever acquired Sterling Industrial strategically to push into the business-to-business hygiene, janitorial, and floor care sectors.

In 2002, Unilever sold the main equity share of its business-to-business division (Lever Industrial-DiverseyLever) to SC Johnson to form JohnsonDiversey.

In 2008, JohnsonDiversey divested the Rozalex brand to Present Value Limited, and Rozalex Limited was reinstated.

In 2010, Rozalex sponsored the Ginetta G50 car of the Barwell Motorsport team in the 2010 British Touring Car Championship TOCA series driven by Julien Draper.

In 2011, Rozalex sponsored the Barwell Motorsport team's Aston Martin GT4 car at the 2011 British GT Championship, driven by Peter Erceg and Tiff Needell.

In 2011, Rozalex sponsored the Greenpower Education Trust promoting sustainable engineering to young people.

In 2011, Rozalex teamed up with Goodwood to supply limited edition tins of handcare products for the 2011 Goodwood Revival.

In 2012, Present Value divested the Rozalex brand to Hughen Limited. Rozalex is currently a fully trading subsidiary of Hughen Limited.

In 2013, Rozalex launched a new Pouch Dispensing System (PDS) for the Industrial / Engineering / Automotive / Marine / Construction and Energy sectors.

Notes and references

British brands
Soap brands
Skin care brands