omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Patrick Couvreur. Patrick Couvreur, born 1950 in Schaerbeek (Brussels), is a French pharmacologist who specialises in medical nanotechnology and is currently professor at the University of Paris-Sud.

Couvreur was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for advances in nanomedicine and commercialization of targeted nanotechnology systems for cancer treatment.

Biography 
Patrick Couvreur obtained his Candidature in pharmaceutical science in 1969, at the University of Namur, followed by a diploma in pharmacy in 1972, at the Catholic University of Louvain (UCL). He received a Doctorate in pharmaceutical science in 1975 from the same university, where he worked in the laboratory next door to the Belgian Nobel Prize winner, Christian de Duve, who was an inspiration for his subsequent career.

From 1976 to 1977 he was a postdoctoral researcher at ETH Zurich, before joining the Catholic University of Louvain, first as a senior research assistant, and then as a senior researcher.

In 1984 he was appointed to a professorship at the Institut Galien Paris Sud (University of Paris-Sud/CNRS).

In 2009–2010, he held the Liliane Bettencourt Chair of Technological Innovation at the Collège de France.

He has three children and several grandchildren.

Principal achievements 
Patrick Couvreur is known for his work in the field of drug vectorization for the treatment of cancer.

In 1997 he founded BioAlliance, a company that employs more than 60 people. In 2007, he founded Medsqual, a start-up that seeks to develop nanomedicines based on squalene

Prizes and distinctions 
Patrick Couvreur was awarded the Prix Galien in 2009 for his work on "squalenization", a significant advance in drug vectorization that involves coupling an active ingredient with squalene.  In the same year he received 2,2 million euros of funding from the European Research Council (ERC).

On 20 June 2012, he shared the CNRS Innovation Medal with Alain Benoit and José-Alain Sahel.

In 2013 Patrick Couvreur was awarded the European Inventor Award for his work on nanocapsules for cancer treatment.

Patrick Couvreur is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Technologies the Académie Nationale de Médecine and the Académie de Pharmacie. He is also a foreign member of the National Academy of Medicine (USA), the National Academy of Engineering (USA), the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine and the Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia (Spain).

On 31 December 2017, he was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.

In 2019, he received the Journal of Drug Targeting’s Lifetime Achievement Award.

Notes and references

External links 

 Portrait of an innovator: Patrick Couvreur develops nanotechnologies for delivering therapeutic drugs to specific areas of the body 
 
 
 
  

Living people
1950 births
French pharmacologists
Université catholique de Louvain alumni
Université de Namur alumni
Academic staff of Paris-Saclay University
Scientists from Brussels
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Kjersti Engan. Kjersti Engan (born 1971) is a Norwegian researcher in signal and image processing who works as a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Stavanger.

Engan was born in 1971 in Bergen. She earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1994 from Bergen University College. She then moved to the University of Stavanger for graduate study, completing her doctorate in 2000. At Stavanger, she was promoted to full professor in 2008.

Engan is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

References

External links
Home page

1971 births
Living people
Norwegian electrical engineers
Norwegian women engineers
Bergen University College alumni
University of Stavanger alumni
Academic staff of the University of Stavanger
members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
21st-century women engineers
Fuso Ecanter. The Fuso Ecanter, also stylized as FUSO eCanter, is an electric truck in the class of light commercial vehicles produced by the Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation.

The Fuso Ecanter, a variant of the Fuso Canter, has a gross vehicle weight of 7.49 tonnes and a payload of 4.5 tons.

The electric motor has a power of . The light truck was first introduced in 2016 and the first units were delivered in 2017. Daimler initially produced 500 vehicles in 2017 and 2018 and planned to start mass production in 2019.

Presentation 
The light truck was presented at the IAA Commercial Vehicles 2016 in Hanover and represents the third development generation of the project Mitsubishi Fuso Canter 3S13 E-Cell. At that time, a permanent synchronous machine with an output of 185 kW/251 hp and a torque of 380 Newton meters was used. The power was transmitted via an input gear to the rear axle.

On September 14, 2017 in New York, Daimler and Fuso celebrated the delivery of 3 units of the eCanter to UPS, as well as to four New York City non-profits, which included the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York Botanical Garden, Habitat for Humanity New York City and Big Reuse Brooklyn.

Specifications

Chassis 
The chassis of the Fuso eCanter is based on the 8th generation of the Mitsubishi Fuso Canter in the 7.5-tonne version with a possible payload on the chassis of 4.5 tons at the start of the small series production in 2017.

Drive and Battery 
The electric motor produces  and , which are available as usual for electric motors from the first turn on. The traction battery consists of 112 kg battery packs, which in turn consist of 100 lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 13.8 kWh per package. Depending on the configuration, up to 6 individual water-cooled battery packs to a total capacity of 82.8 kWh and a maximum of 420 [Volt] voltage. This should allow a range of 100 km. The battery can be charged up to 80 percent in 9 hours with alternating current, for example, overnight. With direct current, 80 percent of the capacity can be charged in one hour via an EU-compliant CCS-Type-2 charger.

Production 
The small series production of the eCanter launched in the Japanese main plant of Mitsubishi Fuso in Kawasaki on July 7, 2017.

Low-volume production in Europe started on 27 July 2017 at Fuso plant Tramagal in Portugal in the presence of Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and Marc Llistosella (President and CEO Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation) and plant manager Jorge Rosa. The Ecanter is manufactured in line with the conventional Canter Light Truck. The special components for the electric powertrain are installed in stations parallel to the production line.

References 

Ecanter
Cab over vehicles
Vehicles introduced in 2017
Trucks of Japan
Electric trucks
Niren Murthy. Niren Murthy is a professor of bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley. His laboratory is focussed on the development of new materials for drug delivery and molecular imaging.

Career 
Murthy began his career at Georgia Tech in 2003 and moved to U.C. Berkeley in 2012. He did postdoctoral research in the Chemistry department at U.C. Berkeley from 2001-2003 and received a Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the University of Washington, Seattle in 2001. He was an assistant professor at Georgia Institute of Technology, in Biomedical Engineering from 2003-2012.

Murthy is a co-founder and scientific advisor for Genedit Inc., the inventor of CRISPR-Gold and the scientific co-founder of Microbial Medical. In addition, BioAmp Diagnostics originated from technology developed in the Murthy laboratory.  Dr. Murthy was a recipient of the NSF Career award in 2006 and won the Society for Biomaterials Young Investigator in 2009.

Laboratory 
Murthy’s laboratory focus on the development of molecular imaging and materials for drug delivery. The laboratory has developed new biomaterials and imaging agents, which are designed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Murthy laboratory has also developed reagents for detecting radical oxidants, like the hydrocyanines.

The Murthy laboratory has been recently focussed on developing gene editing delivery vehicles and developed CRISPR-Gold in 2017, which was a delivery vehicle that could induce homology-directed DNA repair.

Several new biomaterials and start-up companies have originated from the Murthy laboratory. The hydrocyanines were developed in the Murthy lab in 2009, and are now one of the most commonly used classes of ROS imaging probes. Hydrocyanines were licensed by Life Technologies and LI-COR Biosciences, and are sold under the trade-names Cell-Rox and ROSSTAR.

References

External links 
 Official website

University of California, Berkeley faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian bioengineers
Keinosuke Fukunaga. Keinosuke Fukunaga is a Japanese American scientist and educator known for his contributions to statistical pattern recognition. Fukunaga published some of the earliest monographs in the field of machine learning. He is the author of the book Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition, first published in 1972 by Academic Press.

Fukunaga was born in Himejishi, Japan on July 23, 1930. He graduated with a BS and PhD in Electrical Engineering from Kyoto University in 1953 and 1962, respectively. He also received an MS degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1959. He has been on the faculty of Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering since 1966.

He was elected Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers "(f)or contributions to statistical pattern recognition" in 1979.

References

Fellows of the IEEE
1930 births
Living people
Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb. Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb is a computer scientist and professor of the School of Engineering and Department of Computer Science at Brown University.

Career 
Felzenszwalb studied computer science at Cornell University, receiving his B.S. in 1999. There, he began researching computer vision and artificial intelligence with Daniel P. Huttenlocher. He earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2001 and 2003, respectively. 

Felzenszwalb joined the University of Chicago as an assistant professor in 2004 and was made associate professor in 2008. He joined Brown University as an associate professor in 2011 and became a full professor in 2016.

In 2010 Felzenszwalb was awarded the Longuet-Higgins Prize for his work in the field of computer vision. In 2013, he was awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award by the Association for Computing Machinery for his contributions to the problem of object recognition in pictures and video. In 2014, he was awarded the Edward J. McCluskey Technical Achievement Award by the IEEE for his work with object recognition with deformable models. In 2018, Felzenszwalb received the Longuet-Higgins Prize for fundamental contributions to computer vision a second time. This prize was first awarded in 2005, and Felzenszwalb is among a select group of repeat winners.

Selected publications

References

External links
 Pedro Felipe Felzenszwalb on the Brown University website

Living people
American computer scientists
Cornell University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
University of Chicago faculty
Brown University faculty
Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fe FET. A ferroelectric field-effect transistor (Fe FET) is a type of field-effect transistor that includes a ferroelectric material sandwiched between the gate electrode and source-drain conduction region of the device (the channel). Permanent electrical field polarisation in the ferroelectric causes this type of device to retain the transistor's state (on or off) in the absence of any electrical bias.

FeFET based devices are used in FeFET memory - a type of single transistor non-volatile memory.

Description
In 1955, Ian Munro Ross filed a patent for a FeFET or MFSFET. Its structure was like that of a modern inversion channel MOSFET, but ferroelectric material was used as a dielectric/insulator instead of oxide. Use of a ferroelectric (triglycine sulfate) in a solid state memory was proposed by Moll and Tarui in 1963 using a thin film transistor. Further  research occurred in the 1960s, but the retention characteristics of the thin film based devices was unsatisfactory. Early field effect transistor based devices used bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) ferroelectric, or Pb1−xLnxTiO3 (PLT) and related mixed zirconate/titanates (PLZT). In the late 1980 Ferroelectric RAM was developed, using a ferroelectric thin film as capacitor, connected to an addressing FET.

FeFET based memory devices are read using voltages below the coercive voltage for the ferroelectric.

Issues involved in realising a practical FeFET memory device include (as of 2006) : choice of a high permitivity, highly insulating layer between ferroelectric and gate; issues with high remanent polarisation of ferroelectrics; limited retention time (c. a few days, cf required 10 years).

Provided the ferroelectric layer can be scaled accordingly FeFET based memory devices are expected to scale (shrink) as well as MOSFET devices; however a limit of ~20 nm laterally may exist (the superparaelectric limit, aka ferroelectric limit). Other challenges to feature shrinks include : reduced film thickness causing additional (undesired) polarisation effects; charge injection; and leakage currents.

Research and development

In 2017 FeFET based non-volatile memory was reported as having been built at 22nm node using FDSOI CMOS (fully depleted silicon on insulator) with hafnium dioxide (HfO2) as the ferroelectric- the smallest FeFET cell size reported was 0.025 μm2, the devices were built as 32Mbit arrays, using set/reset pulses of ~10ns duration at 4.2V - the devices showed endurance of 105 cycles and data retention up to 300C.

 the startup Ferroelectric Memory Company is attempting to develop FeFET memory into a commercial device, based on hafnium dioxide. The company's technology is claimed to scale to modern process node sizes, and to integrate with contemporary production processes, i.e. HKMG, and is easily integrable into conventional CMOS processes, requiring only two additional masks.

See also
Ferroelectric RAM, RAM that uses a ferroelectric material in the capacitor of a conventional DRAM structure

References

Further reading

Non-volatile memory
Field-effect transistors
Ferroelectric materials
International Vanadium Symposium. The International Vanadium Symposium is a biennial international event. The symposium is an interdisciplinary event for a wide range of chemistry researchers that share interest in vanadium research to network and share ideas. The first meeting of the International Vanadium Symposium occurred in 1997 in Cancun, Mexico, and the most recent meeting was in Lisbon, Portugal in 2023.

Meetings
1997: Cancun
1999: Berlin
2001: Osaka
2004: Szeged
2006: San Francisco
2008: Lisbon
2010: Toyama
2012: Arlington
2014: Padua
2016: Taipei
2018: Montevideo
2020: Cyprus
2023: Lisbon

Vanadis Award
The Vanadis Award is an international award that is presented to a researcher involved in vanadium research at the International Vanadium Symposium. The award is given to a researcher that has performed innovative research, developed new applications, has a large influence, a wide research scope, and has served for the advancement of vanadium science.

Recipients
2004: Debbie C. Crans
2006: Dieter Rheder
2008: Toshikazu Hairo
2010: Vincent Pecoraro
2012: Israel Wachs
2014: João Costa Pessoa 
2016: Ron Wever and Tamas Kiss
2018: Armando Pombeiro
2021(Given retroactively in 2023): Alison Butler
2023: Dinorah Gambino

Notable People 
As of the 11th International Vanadium Symposium meeting, Dr. Dinorah Gambino served as chair. Some notable speakers from the most recent conference (2018) are Debbie C. Crans of Colorado State University, Miguel Bañares of the Spanish National Research Council, Peter Lay from the University of Sydney, Alison Butler of University of California, Santa Barbara, Hiroaki Sasai from Osaka University, and João Costa Pessoa from Universidade de Lisboa.

References

External links

Chemistry conferences
Vanadium
Cross electrophile coupling. Cross electrophile coupling is a type of cross-coupling reaction that occurs between two electrophiles.  It is often catalyzed by transition metal catalyst(s). Unlike conventional cross-coupling reactions of an electrophile with an organometallic reagent, the coupling partners in cross electrophile coupling reactions are both electrophiles. Generally, additional reductant to regenerate active catalyst is needed in this reaction.

Cross selectivity 
Reductive dimerization of electrophiles has long been known (Wurtz reaction, Ullman reaction, etc.), Few methods exist for achieving cross selectivity.

Using excess of one reagent 
Using excess amount of one reagent can provide synthetically useful yields of cross-coupled product when the starting reagents have similar reactivity. (e.g. coupling between two alkyl halides). This strategy has been used with a Ni catalyst and zinc as reductant. Dimerization of the more reactive alkyl halide was the major byproduct.  

Alkyl-alkyl (Csp3-Csp3) cross electrophile coupling using metallaphotoredox catalysis has also been achieved. In this case, small alkyl electrophiles were used excess amount. Tris(trimethylsilyl)silanol can be employed as a halogen abstractor in combination with photoredox and Ni catalysis.

Sequential oxidative addition 

In cases where two electrophiles have disparate reactivity, this difference can be used to achieve high selectivity for cross product. 

For example, aryl halide and alkyl halide can be differentiated by the reactivity trends of two electrophiles whether it prefers heterolytic or homolytic pathway.  Through detailed mechanistic studies, the origin of high selectivity was revealed : Aryl halides do faster oxidative addition to Ni(0) center than alkyl halides, however, alkyl halides form radicals when it react with nickel center.  The catalysis begins with oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Ni(0). The resulting Ni(II) species reacts with an alkyl radical generated from alkyl halides to form diorganonickel(III) intermediate which can undergo reductive elimination of the cross coupled product. Reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) by Mn closes the catalytic cycle.

Reductive cross coupling of two different aryl (pseudo)halide was achieved.  Use of two different metals (Ni and Pd) was essential for the observed cross-selectivity of chemically similar two reactants. Aryl triflates generally prefer oxidative addition to the electron-rich Pd(0) catalyst whereas Ni(0) selectively reacts with aryl bromides. 

Transmetallation of the aryl-nickel(II) onto the Aryl-palladium(II) forms a Pd(II)Ar1Ar2 species followed by reductive elimination to give product. Finally, reduction of Ni(II) by additive zinc regenerates Ni(0).

References 

Substitution reactions
Cu (Unix utility). cu ("call Unix") is a Unix utility for establishing a connection between two computer systems via a serial port to another computer system. When cu was originally created, connections to remote systems were most often done by phone, and cu was used in conjunction with UUCP utilities to transfer data via a modem.  Now that intersystem communications are much more easily and reliably handled via Internet connections, its more typical use is to establish a terminal connection to another system via a modem or direct cabling.

It was originally released as part of the 4.2BSD Unix operating system in 1983. In the same year, it was one of several UNIX tools available for Charles River Data Systems' UNOS operating system under Bell Laboratories license.
In the following years it was included in many Unix and Unix-like operating systems, including Solaris and Linux.

Command-line arguments
cu [-v] [--speed <bps>] [--line device] (<hostname> | <phone-number>)

See also
 tip (Unix utility)

References

Unix software
Communication software
Terminal emulators
Tri-glide slide. A tri-glide slide, also called a webbing slide, is a small item of hardware made of plastic or metal (usually electroplated) forming a rectangle with a bar in the middle—there are thus two separate openings. They are utilized when webbing is slid through one and then out of the other opening, for the purpose of the strap being effectively shortened or lengthened to an extent. As everyone varies in size, they are often used on objects that are worn, such as pet harnesses, bras, belt bags, diving masks, personal flotation jackets, caps, gun slings, etc., so that these objects can be adjusted to not fit the wearer too constrictedly or loosely, but comfortably while still tight enough. They are made in different dimensions because of varying strap width and thickness.

Textile closures
List of Electron launches. Electron is a two-stage small-lift launch vehicle built and operated by Rocket Lab. The rocket has been launched to orbit 55 times with 51 successes and four failures. A suborbital version of the rocket, HASTE, has been successfully launched three times.

The first flight, known as "It's a Test", launched on 25 May 2017. The mission failed due to a glitch in communication equipment on the ground. Successful follow-on missions, including "Still Testing", "It's Business Time" and "This One's For Pickering", delivered multiple small payloads to low Earth orbit. Flight 26 was the first Electron flight to attempt a full catch recovery using a mid-air helicopter catch. "Scout's Arrow" was the first suborbital launch of the rocket.

In July 2019, Rocket Lab expected to have launches every two weeks in 2020. In June 2020, with a new Electron launch vehicle built every 18 days, Rocket Lab was planning to deliver monthly launches for the remainder of 2020 and into 2021, including the company's first launch from Wallops LC-2 in 2023 and a mission to the Moon for NASA aboard Electron and Rocket Lab's spacecraft bus platform Photon in 2022.

Launch statistics

Launch outcomes

Launch sites

Booster tests and recoveries

Rocket configurations

Orbital launches

2017–2018 
Electron launched for the first time in May 2017, but the rocket was destroyed by the range safety officer after a telemetry loss, which was later attributed to a ground software failure. Electron experienced its first successful launch in January 2018, and launched their first mission for NASA in December 2018.

2019 
Electron launched 6 times, all successfully, in 2019. First launch for the U.S. Air Force in May.

2020 
First launch for the National Reconnaissance Office in January 2020.

First launch of Photon kickstage in August 2020.

2021 
First launch for US Space Force in July 2021.

2022

2023

2024

Upcoming orbital launches

2025

Suborbital launches (HASTE)

Completed launches

Planned launches 
Per the Q3 2023 investor presentation, there are currently 2 HASTE launches planned for 2024, one in Q3 and one in Q4.

See also 
Falcon 1
List of Vega Launches
Vega (rocket)
Neutron (rocket)
Timeline of private spaceflight

References

External links 
 Electron Website
 Rocket Lab Completed Launches
 Rocket Lab Next Mission

Rocket Lab
Electron
Pegasus VBJ. The Pegasus VBJ is a proposed VTOL business jet concept being developed by South African start-up Pegasus Universal Aerospace. It would feature a cranked dihedral wing and an X-tail design, and use two General Electric CT7 engines to drive in-wing lift fans and rear thrust fans through integrated gearboxes, all managed by multiple redundant computer systems. The VBJ would seat eight passengers and have a range of around  from a standard runway take-off, or  when using vertical take-off and landing mode. Cruise speed is expected to be .

Testing has taken place using a one-eighth-scale model, demonstrating the transition from horizontal to vertical flight. Pegasus intends to start flight tests on a full-scale prototype by mid-2020.

References

External links 

Proposed aircraft
VTOL aircraft