omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of RAeS medal recipients. This is a list of recipients of medals awarded by the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Individual medal recipients

Gold Medal recipients
 1909 - Wilbur and Orville Wright
 1910 - Octave Chanute
 1945 - Air Cdre Frank Whittle
 1949 - Sydney Camm
 1950 - Sir Geoffrey de Havilland
 1952 - Theodore von Kármán
 1955 - Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives - "for his outstanding work in the field of aircraft propulsion.".
 1957 - Robert Lickley
 1958 - Stuart Davies
 1959 - Marcel Dassault
 1960 - Sir Frederick Handley Page
 1964 - Ronald Eric Bishop
 1967 - Stanley Hooker
 1977 - Sir Frederick Page
 1977 - George Lee
 1983 - Geoffrey Lilley
 1986 - Ralph Hooper
 1986 - Sir Donald Spiers
 2009 - Henry McDonald
 2012 - Elon Musk
 2014 - Dr Gordon McConnell
 2015 - Professor Richard J Parker

Silver Medal recipients
Winners of the annual Silver Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society
 1962 - Dietrich Küchemann
 1967 - Charles Joy
 1971 - John Argyris
 1991 - Roy Dommett
 2005 - Professor David Southwood
 2010 - Frank De Winne
 2011 - Professor Terence Jones
 2012 - Robert Smith 
 2013 - Professor John Denton
 2014 - Mr Frank Ogilvie
 2014 - Mr Robert Saia
 2015 - G. Satheesh Reddy

Team medal recipients

Team Gold Medalists

 2004 - SpaceShipOne
 2005 - Airbus A380 Wing Design Team
 2007 - BERP rotor development team
 2008 - Trent 900 Engineering Team
 2009 - Vectored-thrust Aircraft Advanced Control (VAAC) Team
 2009 - Jules Verne ATV Operations Team
 2014 - Project Zero Team 
 2015 - Rosetta Mission Team 
 2019 - Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing Mission Team

Team Silver Medalists

 2005 - Huygens project team
 2008 - Cranfield Aerospace X-48B UAV
 2010 - Mantis UAV project team
 2011 - HYLAS-1 team
 2012 - CAMPS development team
 2013 - ASTRAEA Team
 2014 - Team Taranis
 2015 - The Beagle 2 Mars Mission Engineering Team

References

medal recipients
Royal Aeronautical Society
Jay Silver. Jay Saul Silver is an electrical engineer and toy inventor from Cocoa Beach, Florida.  Silver is the Founder and CEO of JoyLabz and MaKey MaKey and was the first-ever Maker Research Scientist at Intel.

Academic background and early career 

Silver earned his BA in electrical engineering from Georgia Tech, where he was named Engineer of the Year, and was awarded a Gates Scholarship to pursue his Master's from Cambridge University in Internet Technology. Funded by a National Science Foundation Fellowship, Silver earned a Master's from MIT's Media Lab, and went on to earn his PhD from MIT's Media Lab Lifelong Kindergarten. For his PhD on the topic of “World as Construction Kit,” Silver was awarded the Lemelson Prize for Inventiveness

Following his academic career, Silver invented Drawdio , which was named one of TIME Magazine's “Top 15 Toys for Young Geniuses” in 2011.

Makey Makey 

In 2012, Silver founded Makey Makey: An Invention Kit for Everyone – a toy that allows users to connect everyday objects (e.g. fruit, silverware) to computer programs – through a Kickstarter campaign that raised over $500,000. Following its initial funding on Kickstarter, MaKey Makey was written about in Mashable, Wired, and New Scientist, among others, and was named one of Popular Science's 2014 “Best of Toy Fair.”

Charitable works and boards 

Silver sits on the board of directors of Maker Ed, One Day on Earth, and the Transformative Tech Lab. Silver also works with teens at places like Not Back to School Camp.

Awards and speakerships 

 (2011), TIME Magazine's “Top 15 Toys for Young Geniuses” for Drawdio 
 (2012) Lemelson Prize for Inventiveness
 (2012) Top 100 Inspirational World Changer by DELL
 (2014) Popular Science's "Best of Toy Fair" for Makey Makey
 Silver has spoken at numerous TED events

References

1979 births
Living people
MIT Media Lab people
American Aerolights. American Aerolights Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer founded by Larry Newman. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft under the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

Newman was well known for his 1978 flight across the Atlantic Ocean in the balloon Double Eagle II with Ben Abruzzo and Maxie Anderson. As a result of that flight Newman received the Congressional Gold Medal from the United States Congress. He died of pancreatic cancer on 20 December 2010 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 63.

The company produced the simple flex-wing single-seat ultralight American Aerolights Eagle and the two-seat American Aerolights Double Eagle as well as the advanced, enclosed cockpit American Aerolights Falcon.

The Eagle design sold in large numbers, but suffered many wing failures that resulted in several fatalities as a result of the deterioration of the unreinforced Dacron sailcloth trailing edge design. The lawsuits, as a result of the design defects, put the company out of business in about 1984, just as the market for ultralight aircraft in the United States collapsed.

The company is most noted as the first manufacturer of ultralight aircraft to have one of their designs used by a police service. The Monterey Park, California Police Department flew a Double Eagle for six months in 1982, becoming  the first police department to fly an ultralight aircraft for patrols. The program was ended after seven engine failures in flight. An example of the police service aircraft is on display in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center and one was at one time in the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Aircraft

References

External links

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Gary Lynn Harris. Gary Lynn Harris (1953 – 2020) was a professor of electrical engineering at Howard University and director of that school's National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network facility. His research involved semiconductor fabrication of electronic and optical materials. He was one of the first two African Americans to receive a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Cornell University, along with Michael Spencer.

Life
Gary Lynn Harris received a B.S. in 1975, and an M.S. in 1976, for electrical engineering. From 1977 to 1980, he was an associate with the National Research and Resource Facility for Sumicron Structures (NRRFSS). From 1981 to 1982, he was a visiting scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory. In 1980 he became an associate professor at Howard University. In 1984 he became a consultant to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Harris remained a professor of electrical engineering at Howard University.  He directed the school's National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network node, one of 14 in the nation.  He was Dean of the Graduate School and Associate Provost for Research at Howard. Gary Harris died on Monday, October 26, 2020.

Notable works

References

1953 births
Living people
American electrical engineers
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Howard University faculty
Fluid kinematics. Fluid kinematics is a term from fluid mechanics, usually referring to a mere mathematical description or specification of a flow field, divorced from any account of the forces and conditions that might actually create such a flow. The term fluids includes liquids or gases, but also may refer to materials that behave with fluid-like  properties, including crowds of people or large numbers  of grains if those are describable approximately under the continuum assumption as used in continuum mechanics.

Unsteady and convective effects
The composition of the material contains two types of terms: those involving the time derivative and those involving spatial derivatives. The time derivative portion is denoted as the local derivative, and represents the effects of unsteady flow. The local derivative occurs during unsteady flow, and becomes zero for steady flow.

The portion of the material derivative represented by the spatial derivatives is called the convective derivative. It accounts for the variation in fluid property, be it velocity or temperature for example, due to the motion of a fluid particle in space where its values are different.

Acceleration field
The acceleration of a particle is the time rate of change of its velocity. Using an Eulerian description for velocity, the velocity field V = V(x,y,z,t) and employing the material derivative, we obtain the acceleration field.

References

Kinematics
Fluid mechanics
Circuit underutilization. Circuit underutilization also chip underutilization, programmable circuit underutilization, gate underutilization, logic block underutilization refers to a physical incomplete utility of semiconductor grade silicon on a standardized mass-produced circuit programmable chip, such as a gate array type ASIC, an FPGA, or a CPLD.

Gate array
In the example of a gate array, which may come in sizes of 5,000 or 10,000 gates, a design which utilizes even 5,001 gates would be required to use a 10,000 gate chip.  This inefficiency results in underutilization of the silicon.

FPGA
Due to the design components of field-programmable gate array into logic blocks, simple designs that underutilize a single block suffer from gate underutilization, as do designs that overflow onto multiple blocks, such as designs that use wide gates.  Additionally, the very generic architecture of FPGAs lends to high inefficiency; multiplexers occupy silicon real estate for programmable selection, and an abundance of flip-flops to reduce setup and hold times, even if the design does not require them, resulting in 40 times less density than of standard cell ASICs.

See also
 Circuit minimization
 Don't-care condition

References
Ken Brock Manufacturing. Ken Brock Manufacturing, Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer founded by Ken Brock in the 1960s and based in Stanton, California. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of autogyros in the form of kits for amateur construction, including under the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

Ken Brock Manufacturing produced a number of aircraft designs including the Brock KB-1, Brock KB-2 and Brock KB-3 autogyros, plus the Ken Hovey-engineered Brock Avion ultralight aircraft. The company was also noted for the high-quality aircraft parts that it produced for other designer's aircraft, especially the Rutan Long-EZ and the Cozy Mark IV.

The company occupied a  plant that included lathes, milling machines, drill presses, tap and die making, equipment for heat treating metal, plating and welding.

A subsidiary was Santa Ana Metal Stamping, which Brock set up to produce stamped metal parts using numerical control machinery.

The company closed for business at the end of 2005 after Brock's death on 19 October 2001 while landing a Thorp T-18. After his death, Brock's widow, Marie Brock, who survived the 2001 accident, attempted to sell the business and parts on hand. Aircraft Spruce & Specialty Co purchased the Cozy Mark IV parts inventory, jigs, tooling and drawings.

Aircraft

References

External links

Company website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Autogyros
Stanton, California
Companies based in Orange County, California
Devthon. A devthon is a process that blends the principles of design thinking, co-creation, and rapid prototyping into a seamless unified method to trigger innovation. At the core of it is an event format that brings an interdisciplinary collaborative model to solve challenges and prototype new experiences. A devthon is generally focused on an "area of innovation" such as healthcare or rural livelihood. Participants go through different phases like immersion, ideation, design, and prototyping (hacking), leading to a demonstrable proof of concept.

The process differs from to a hackathon due to its emphasis on immersion, discovery, and design. Devthons are also not time-constrained like a hackathon, and can run for a few weeks.

History
Devthons were started in 2014 by three entrepreneurs, Harish Krishnan and Prashant Venkatasubban. The different thematic areas that devthons have been organized include safety and security of communities, healthcare, rural livelihood, and smart cities. The largest-ever devthon was organized during Bioasia Conference 2015.

References

Hackerspaces
Cold Atom Laboratory. The Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) is an experimental instrument on board the ISS, which launched in 2018. It creates an extremely cold environment in microgravity in order to study behaviour of atoms in these conditions.

Timeline 
The CAL was developed at JPL in Pasadena, California. It was originally scheduled for launch to the International Space Station (ISS) in June 2017. It was then delayed until a scheduled launch on a SpaceX CRS-12 rocket in August 2017. It was finally launched on May 21, 2018. The initial mission had a duration of 12 months with up to five years of extended operation.

In January 2020 it underwent hardware upgrades, which were carried out over an eight-day period by astronauts Christina Koch and Jessica Meir under the supervision of ground controllers. The upgrade included an atom interferometer which can be used to study the equivalence principle.

In July 2021, another upgrade by astronaut Megan McArthur gave CAL the ability to work with ultracold potassium atoms in addition to rubidium atoms.

Purpose 
The instrument creates extremely cold conditions in the microgravity environment of the ISS, leading to the formation of Bose Einstein Condensates (BECs) that are orders of magnitude colder than those that are created in laboratories on Earth. In a space-based laboratory, up to 10 seconds interaction times and as low as 1 picokelvin temperatures are achievable, and it could lead to exploration of unknown quantum mechanical phenomena and test some of the most fundamental laws of physics. These experiments are best done in a freely falling environment, because it is more conducive to uninhibited formation of BECs. Ground based experiments suffer from the effect of the condensate interacting asymmetrically with the apparatus, interfering with the time evolution of the condensate. In orbit, experiments can last much longer because freefall is sustained indefinitely.  NASA's JPL scientists state that the CAL investigation could advance knowledge in the development of extremely sensitive quantum detectors, which could be used for monitoring the gravity of Earth and other planetary bodies, or for building advanced navigation devices.

Results 
The results of the experiments from 2019 were reported in 2020, demonstrating successful operation of the laboratory. This enables improved research of BECs and quantum mechanics, since physics are scaled to macroscopic scales in BECs. The lab supports long-term investigations of few-body physics, and supports the development of techniques for atom-wave interferometry and atom lasers.

See also

Bose–Einstein correlations
Bose–Einstein condensation: a network theory approach
Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons
Macroscopic quantum phenomena
Macroscopic quantum self-trapping
Slow light
Timeline of low-temperature technology

References

External links

Cold Atom Laboratory – Project web site at JPL

Bose–Einstein condensates
Space science experiments
International Space Station experiments
Alapont Group. Alapont Group is a Spanish business group mainly dedicated to designing, manufacturing and installation of all types of engineering projects for lifting systems. Its headquarters are located in Alzira (Valencia). It also has offices in Madrid, Paris, Marseille, Toulouse, Alicante, Murcia, Castellón, Tarragona and distributors throughout the Spanish, French and Algerian territory.

History 

Alapont was founded as an electro-mechanical workshop in 1954 by Maria Bonet Matéu and Jose Alapont Bonet. In 1967, Alapont expands its activity thanks to their son, Jose Alapont Bonet, with the founding of the division of lifts and in 1987 it was established as a private limited company. Throughout 2009 Alapont carried out the purchase of patents and trade marks of Tornymark SA,  company specialized in manufacturing loading docks. In 2010, the group acquired the division of elevators and escalators of the French company CNIM, listed on the second market of the Paris Bourse. As a result of that, the agencies Toulouse, Marseille, Rennes and Paris are fully acquired. Then it is formed its new subsidiary, Alapont France, in order to strengthen in the escalators market.

References

External links 

 "Blue Giant firma un acuerdo de colaboración con Alapont" Alapont Noticias. July 26, 2011.
 "El grupo Alapont amplía su expansión hacia Europa de Este y Latinoamérica"  Levante EMV. November 16, 2011.
 "Alapont compra una división de la francesa CNIM" Expansion. February 2, 2011.
 "Alapont consigue un contrato de tres millones para el metro de Toulouse" Las provincias. September 12, 2012.
 "Objetivo Luis Vuitton conseguido" Las provincias. October 10, 2012.
 "El metro de Marsella adjudica un contrato de cinco millones al grupo Alapont" Levante EMV. Juny 25, 2013.
 "Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y Alapont" Alapont Noticias. November 11, 2013.
 "La entrega de los premios al Grupo Alapont" Tus noticias de la ribera. February 21, 2014.
 "Información detallada de Grupo Alapont" Logismarket.

Technology companies established in 1954
Companies based in Valencia
Manufacturing companies established in 1954
Manufacturing companies of Spain
Elevator manufacturers
Escalator manufacturers
Spanish companies established in 1954
Jean-Albert Dinkespiler. Jean-Albert Dinkespiler (1927-2014) was a French engineer and former Chief of the European Joint Research Centre.

Early life
He was born in Paris. He studied Marine and Aeronautical Engineering.

Career

Space research
He joined the Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES, the French space agency) in 1962, which had been recently formed in December 1961.

Between 1967 and 1974 he was Director of Programmes and Planning at the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) in Paris, which was merged in 1975 to form the European Space Agency (ESA). In early 1975, the Programmes and Planning department was split into a department for the Communication Satellite Programme (for MAROTS, the maritime navigation satellite, and Orbital Test Satellite, OTS), and a department for Science and Meteosat. Meteosat-1 had been first launched in November 1977, and was controlled by EUMETSAT from 1983 in Darmstadt, Germany. The ground link was to the Fucino Space Centre in Italy, currently run by Telespazio. Darmstadt's European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) had been established by ESRO in September 1967, and currently runs ESA's space missions - its mission control centre.

Joint Research Centre
He became Director-General of the EEC's Joint Research Centre on 1 April 1982. He was deputy Director between 1974 and 1979. When appointed in 1982, the centre received about £95 million in funding each year.

The Directorate-General is based in Brussels. The current Director-General is Vladimír Šucha.

Personal life
He died in 2014.

See also
 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (European Commission)

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Engineers from Paris
European Economic Community officials
French aerospace engineers
Space program of France
Multiscale turbulence. Multiscale turbulence is a class of turbulent flows in which the chaotic motion of the fluid is forced at different length and/or time scales. This is usually achieved by immersing in a moving fluid a body with a multiscale, often fractal-like, arrangement of length scales. This arrangement of scales can be either passive or active

As turbulent flows contain eddies with a wide range of scales, exciting the turbulence at particular scales (or range of scales) allows one to fine-tune the properties of that flow. Multiscale turbulent flows have been successfully applied in different fields., such as:
 Reducing acoustic noise from wings by modifying the geometry of spoilers;
 Enhancing heat transfer from impinging jets passing through grids;
 Reducing the vortex shedding intensity of flows past normal plates without changing the shedding frequency;
 Enhancing mixing by energy-efficient stirring;
 Improving flow metering and flow conditioning in pipes;
 Improving combustion.

Multiscale turbulence has also played an important role into probing the internal structure of turbulence. This sort of turbulence allowed researchers to unveil a novel dissipation law in which the parameter  in

 

is not constant, as required by the Richardson-Kolmogorov energy cascade. This new law can be expressed as , with , where  and  are Reynolds numbers based, respectively, on initial/global conditions (such as free-stream velocity and the object's length scale) and local conditions (such as the rms velocity and integral length scale). This new dissipation law characterises non-equilibrium turbulence apparently universally in various flows (not just multiscale turbulence) and results from non-equilibrium unsteady energy cascade. This imbalance implies that new mean flow scalings exist for free shear turbulent flows, as already observed in axisymmetric wakes

References

Chaos theory
Turbulence
Fluid dynamics
Albert Ferdinand Shore. Albert Ferdinand Shore (September 4, 1876 – January 17, 1936) was an American metallurgist and the inventor of the Shore durometer. He won the Elliott Cresson Medal.

Shore was born in New York City.

He invented the first quadrant durometer in 1915 to measure the hardness of polymers and other elastomers.

Shore died at Wickersham Hospital in Manhattan of a stroke. He was buried in Trinity Roman Catholic Cemetery in North Amityville, New York.

References

External links
Albert Ferdinand Shore patents
 Albert F. Shore patents

1876 births
1936 deaths
American metallurgists
Scientists from New York City
American inventors