omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Day-Leeds. The Day-Leeds was a British automobile manufactured by Job Day & Sons of Leeds, Yorkshire.

William Henry Day was a chartered accountant who in 1886 set up as a manufacturing chemist. With his brothers Albert and Charles they set up the company of Job Day & Sons making engines designed by William Henry and under Albert packaging machinery. It was named after their father Job Day, a Lincolnshire farmer.

In 1912 they made their first car, a cyclecar powered by an air cooled 998 cc V-twin engine which they built themselves. The tubular steel chassis had half-elliptic springs all round. Drive was to the rear axle through a cone clutch, three speed gearbox with differential and finally a belt or chain to each rear wheel. A top speed of  was claimed. The bodywork was open with two seats and acetylene lighting at the front and a single oil light at the rear. The basic car cost £110 or £120 with windscreen, hood, lights and horn. It was no longer being advertised in 1913 so production may have ceased.

As well as cars a range of motor cycles was also offered with a 499cc single cylinder engine.

For 1914 a completely new and more conventional light car was shown at the 1913 London Motor Show with a four-cylinder 1130 cc engine made by Turner but this was soon replaced by a 1286 cc water cooled side valve engine made by themselves. The engine was designed by W L Adams of the Laxtonia Engineering Works of Peterborough who also designed a World War I aero engine. The car had semi elliptic leaf springs, rear wheel only brakes and a wheelbase of  and a track of . Drive was to the rear axle through a cone clutch, separate three speed gearbox and torque tube.

The model was revived after World War I with electric lighting now fitted. Body types included a two-seat open car and a coupe made by nearby company Lockwood and Clarkson. The price quoted on the UK market in 1919 was £400 for the open two seater and this seems to have been uncompetitive as the price was progressively reduced to £225 when production ceased in 1926. It is thought that around 300 cars were made in the post war period.

Only two cars are thought to survive, one in England and the other in Australia showing that some cars were exported.

Production of packing machinery continued with the company being absorbed by the Baker Perkins company.

Models

References

Vintage vehicles
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Cyclecars
Defunct companies based in Leeds
Anderson's rule (computer science). In the field of computer security, Anderson's rule refers to a principle formulated by Ross J. Anderson: systems that handle sensitive personal information involve a trilemma of security, functionality and scale, of which you can choose any two. A system that has information on many data subjects and to which many people require access is hard to secure unless its functionality is severely restricted. If it has rich functionality, you may have to restrict the number of people with access, or accept that some information will leak.

References

Computer security
Rules
MWM AKD 112 Z. The MWM AKD 112 Z is an air-cooled two-cylinder inline diesel engine produced by MWM from 1955 – 1960. One, three and four cylinder variants of the same engine family were also produced by MWM.

Description 

The AKD 112 Z is an air-cooled, two-cylinder, four stroke diesel engine with overhead valves. The letter Z means Zweizylinder, German for two cylinders.

The crankcase is a single cast piece, the drop-forged crankshaft with screwed on counter weights is supported in bearings made of steel-lead-bronze. The crank and shaft pins of the crankshaft are heat-hardened. Due to the air-cooling of the engine, the cylinders have cooling fins made of centrifugal cast metal. The combustion chamber of the engine is a part of the piston bowls, as the engine is direct-injected. The pistons are made of a special highly heat resistant light metal alloy, they have three piston rings and one oil control ring. The bigger conrod eyes are made of steel-lead-bronze, the upper smaller conrod eyes are made of special-bronze. The camshaft is supported by rolling bearings. The overhead valves are actuated by rockers and pushrods. The cylinder head is a single piece made of a chill cast, highly heat resistant light metal alloy. The engine's air filter is a wire-gauze type air filter. For dusty environments MWM offered an oilbath air filter. The air intake must not draw in hot air; this would reduce the engine's power output. The engine has a Bosch injection pump. It is controlled by a centrifugal control mechanism using a pushrod. The control trap makes it possible to change the injection time at the engine start-up to pump more fuel into the cylinder. A forced feed (wet sump) lubrication system lubricates the engine, powered by a gear oil pump. The oil is filtered by a strainer in the low pressure circuit, and a fine sieve strainer in the high pressure circuit. A gap filter in the high pressure circuit was also available. Being air-cooled, the AKD 112 Z has an axial cooling fan powered by the crankshaft using a belt. The power can be taken off the flywheel or the PTO-shaft. An electric motor can be used to start the engine, but a crank starting is standard. The AKD 112 Z has a decompression starting aid system. Being direct-injected, it does not have glowplugs.

References

Bibliography 

Betriebsanleitung für den luftgekühlten Klein-Dieselmotor AKD 112 Ein und Zweizylinder. MWM Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Vorm. Benz Abt. Stat. Motorenbau. June 1955 (German); Service manual for the air-cooled small diesel engine AKD 112 one and two-cylinders. MWM Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Formerly Benz Department for stationary engine development

Diesel_engines_by_model
Straight-twin engines
Reederite-(Y). Reederite-(Y) is a rare mineral with the formula . It is the only known mineral with fluorosulfate (fluorosulfonate). "REE" in the formula stands for rare earth elements other than yttrium, that is mostly cerium, with traces of neodymium, dysprosium, lanthanum and erbium. The formula also includes a Levinson suffix "-(Y)" pointing to the dominance of yttrium at the corresponding site. Reederite-(Y) crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with the space group P, rarely seen among minerals.

References

Carbonate minerals
Sodium minerals
Yttrium minerals
Hexagonal minerals
Minerals in space group 174
Titanoholtite. Titanoholtite is an extremely rare mineral with the formula (Ti0.75[]0.25)Al6BSi3O18. It is titanium-rich member of dumortierite supergroup, and titanium-analogue of holtite of the holtite group. It is one of three quite recently found minerals of this group, the other two being nioboholtite and szklaryite, all coming from the Szklary village near Ząbkowice Śląskie in Poland. They occur in a unique pegmatite of probable anatectic origin.

Association 
Titanoholtite is closely associated with holtite and nioboholtite; its further association is very rich (see szklaryite).

Notes on chemistry 
Impurities in titanoholtite are mainly antimony and arsenic, with trace niobium, tantalum, titanium, and iron.

References 

Silicate minerals
Titanium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Borate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 57
Borosilicates
Deng Qilin. Deng Qilin (; born November 1951) is a Chinese industrial engineer, manufacturing executive, and politician. He served as the chief executive of Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation (WISCO) from 2013 to 2015. Deng was investigated for corruption by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and booted from the Communist Party for bribery and abuse of power, among other alleged offenses.

Career
Deng was born in Jinshi City in November 1951. He graduated from Wuhan University of Science and Technology in 1975 and joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1978. After graduating, he became the engineer of the Steel Factory of WISCO. In 1995, he served as deputy manager of WISCO and General manager from 1995 to 2013. Deng became the Chairman of WISCO in 2013. He also was the 11th and 12th member of the National People's Congress.

On August 29, 2015, Deng was placed under investigation by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's internal disciplinary body, for "serious violations of regulations and laws". On January 8, 2016, Deng was expelled from the Communist Party. The internal investigation concluded he had "taken part in superstitious activities", conducted "illicit transactions exchange power and sex," abused his power and took bribes, used his position of power to aid in the business activities of his family, and occupied corporate accommodations for personal use. Deng's investigation came at a particularly sensitive time for WISCO, which had in early 2016 announced the layoff of over half of its workers due to falling profitability.

On May 31, 2017, Deng was sentenced to 15 years in prison and fined five million yuan for taking bribes worth 55.39 million yuan by the Intermediate People's Court in Foshan.

References

1951 births
Living people
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan
Chinese industrial engineers
Chinese politicians convicted of corruption
Delegates to the 11th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 12th National People's Congress
Engineers from Hunan
People expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in 2016
People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan
Politicians from Changde
Ralph Marcus Hare. Ralph Marcus Hare (1914-2009) was a British aircraft engineer. He was a longtime engineer at the aviation firm de Havilland and worked on the production and development of the de Havilland Mosquito.

Early life 
Hare was born in Radlett, Hertfordshire on 18 August 1914. He was the oldest of 8 children. He was apprenticed (1928) to De Havilland at Stag Lane working in wood and won a scholarship to become a student (1934) in the DH Technical School where he learnt about design. He was transferred to the main Drawing Office at Hatfield where he was given stressing work.  He worked completely alone in stressing the wings of the DH Hornet Moth; a job which he finished in  months.  He advanced very quickly, lecturing at the Technical School from 1936 - 1952.

His strengths were recognised and was chosen, in 1939, to join the initial 9-men team working on overall loads and wing strengths calculations in secret at Salisbury Hall when the Mosquito plans went under way as authorised by Sir Geoffrey De Havilland.  It was a team of which he was the youngest member and included the chief test pilot, John Cunningham (Cat's Eyes).  The work involved using wood especially the lightest of woods imported from Canada - balsa wood, which made the Mosquito the lightest and fastest plane of its time.

De Havilland 
Ralph was made Chief Stressman of De Havilland in 1955, Deputy Chief Structural Engineer in 1967 and Chief Structural Engineer in 1971, taking charge of all four structural departments, as the company changed from being De Havilland to Hawker Siddeley, then to British Aerospace.

Altogether during his 50+ years of working with DH and its successors at Hatfield, he worked on designs for over 40 different aircraft including the Albatross, Flamingo, Vampire, Hornet, Comet, Trident, Airbus wings together with the Consortium in Toulouse and finally the BAe 146. He was a very able mathematician but would only eve use his trusted slide rule to make calculations.

He travelled the world and had to go out to the Comet air disasters which were attributed to faults in the fuselage (windows) not the wings which were his responsibility at the time.  He had a tremendously strong work ethic and, although very kind, did not suffer fools gladly i.e. there is a comment online about him being very severe with someone who evidently bears a grudge: this would be the case as Ralph was keen that every member of his team should contribute to the full.

He represented British Industry on the Joint Airworthiness Requirements for Europe (J.A.R.) Structures Committee for 9 years from its inception in 1970.  He served on several Industry Committees.

Retirement 
Hare retired in 1980. He died on 4 May 2009 at the age of 94 and was buried in Hatfield Cemetery.

References

1914 births
2009 deaths
English aerospace engineers
People from Radlett
Broker injection. Broker injection attack is a type of vulnerability that exploits misconfigured brokers, potentially allowing an attacker to read, write and inject information from/into their flow.

Description 
There are many scenarios in which a broker is used to transport the information between tasks.

One of the most typical use cases is send e-mails in background. In this scenario we'll have two actors:

 An information producer (a website, for example).
 A worker or background process who actually sends the e-mail.

The producer needs an asynchronous and non-blocking way to send the email information to the worker.

This system is usually a broker. It takes the information from the web front-end and passes it to the worker, generating a new task in the worker. So, the worker has all the information to send the e-mail.

Taking the above scenario as an example, if we could access the broker, we would be able to make the worker generate new tasks with arbitrary data, unleashing a broker injection.

Attacks 
With this in mind, we could make the following attacks:

 Listing remote tasks.
 Reading a remote task's contents.
 Injection of tasks into remote processes.
 Removing remote outstanding tasks.

Origin 
The broker injection attack is not new, but it didn't have a name. This name was coined by Daniel García (cr0hn) at the RootedCON 2016 conference in Spain.

See also 
 Redis
 RabbitMQ
 ZeroMQ
 Message broker
 Celery (software)

References

External links 
 Official Redis security tips
 Enteletaor: The broker injection tool
 Broker injection in RootedCON 2016 (Spanish)

Hacking (computer security)
Machine code
Injection exploits
Computer network security
Fine electronic structure. In solid state physics and physical chemistry, the fine electronic structure of a solid are the features of the electronic bands induced by intrinsic interactions between charge carriers. Valence and conduction bands split slightly compared to the difference between the various bands. Some mechanisms that allow it are angular momentum couplings, spin-orbit coupling, lattice distortions (Jahn–Teller effect),  and other interactions described by crystal field theory. 

The name comes from the fine structure of atoms, where energy levels suffer from a similar effect from the non-relativistic calculation due to effects like spin–orbit interaction, zitterbewegung, and corrections to the kinetic energy.

See also

Fine structure constant
Rashba effect
Dresselhaus effect

References

Atomic physics
Solid-state chemistry
Condensed matter physics
3D cell culture in wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel. Hydrogel from wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is used as a matrix for 3D cell culture, providing a three-dimensional environment that more closely resembles the conditions found in living tissue.

As plant based material, it does not contain any human- or animal-derived components. Nanocellulose is instead derived from wood pulp that has been processed to create extremely small, nanoscale fibers. These fibers can be used to create a hydrogel, which is a type of material that is made up of a network of cross-linked polymer chains and is able to hold large amounts of water.

Overview 
As the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in the survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration of the cells, hydrogels mimicking natural ECM structure are considered as potential approaches towards in vivo –like cell culturing. GrowDex is NFC hydrogel for 3D cell culture commercialized by UPM, Finland.

Material properties 
NFC fiber network structure and dimensions in hydrogel resemble human ECM. Stiffness can be tuned to optimize the conditions for each cell type. Shear-thinning property of the material makes the gel ready to use without cross-linking or gelification step. The nanocellulose hydrogel can be completely degraded by cellulase enzyme treatment while retaining the 3D cell structures.

Applications 
NFC hydrogel in 3D cell culture offers a platform for various biomedical applications. Different cell lines and cell types have been cultured in NFC, including e.g. differentiation of human hepatic cells to functional organotypic cultures, and proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. Organotypic liver cell cultures can be used in drug discovery for testing liver toxicity and metabolism of the novel drug candidates. The possibility to use the hydrogel with robotic dispensers enables its use in high throughput screening (HTS) formats.

Additionally, 3D cell culture using wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel can be used for tissue engineering.

References 

Cell culture
Associated Iron and Steel Workers of Great Britain. The Associated Iron and Steel Workers of Great Britain was a trade union representing people employed in iron- and steelworks in Britain.

The union was founded in 1887, following a conference organised by Edward Trow of the Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers of Great Britain, which had been in decline for many years.  In particular, Trow worried that many of the remaining members worked on contracts in declining ironworking areas, while the new British Steel Smelters' Association (BSSA) aimed to unionise daily paid workers, and indeed campaigned against contracts.

Trow organised a conference in Manchester, where attendees represented 40,000 iron and steel workers.  In order to minimise regional rivalries, its rules stated that the president must come from South Staffordshire, and the vice-president from Lancashire.  Trow was elected as general secretary, unpaid for the first three months.  He suggested that, after this time, the post would be held jointly with James Capper, but Capper was not interested in the role.

In contrast to the earlier union, the Associated also sought to unionise workers in the rapidly growing steelworks, and it had particular success in attracting contractors to join.  In 1891, the Malleable Ironworkers was wound up, and its few remaining members transferred to the Associated, with membership reaching 10,000 in 1892.  Although this varied over the next decade, it was still around 8,000 in 1899, when Trow died, and the old regional rivalries had by then been overcome.

During the 1900s, the union lost members due to a decline in employment at ironworks, and through some potential members joining the rival BSSA.  Both unions were members of the Trades Union Congress and their demarcation dispute came to a head in 1909.  The foundation of the loose Iron and Steel Trades Federation in 1913 did not solve the issue, but in the Associated began growing again and merged into the new British Iron, Steel and Kindred Trades Association in 1917, at which point it had just under 10,000 members.

General Secretaries
1887: Edward Trow
1899: James Cox

References

Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
1887 establishments in the United Kingdom
Steel industry trade unions of the United Kingdom
Trade unions established in 1887
Iron and Steel Trades Confederation amalgamations
Trade unions disestablished in 1917
Trade unions based in County Durham
Peckett W4 class. The Peckett W4 class is a class of 0-4-0 ST steam locomotives built by Peckett and Sons at the Atlas Works factory in Bristol, England from 1885 to 1906. 140 Peckett W4 locomotives were built in total, and they were part of a family of six W-class locomotive engines (W2 through W7), which featured cylinders  in diameter. The W4 class has a piston stroke of , driving wheels with a diameter of  and a wheelbase of .

The more notable Peckett and Sons customers (and the number of locomotives they purchased) included Manchester Ship Canal (3), Ebbw Vale Steelworks (2), and Huntley and Palmers (1).

Models
In October 2015, the British model railway brand Hornby Railways announced that it would make a OO gauge model of the Pecket W4.

In February 2016, Hornby also discussed how the first batch of liveries was painted: Dodo (563 of 1893) was painted the default light green used by Peckett and Sons (unless the customer specified otherwise). No. 11 of the Manchester Ship Canal (654 of 1897) was painted a dark green, while Huntley and Palmer's 'D' (832 of 1900) is painted in that company's lined blue livery. Hornby has since released a model of No. 614 Bear, preserved at the S&KLR.

References

0-4-0ST locomotives
W4
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Industrial locomotives of Great Britain
Mark Dutton. Mark Dutton is an Australian motor racing engineer and current team manager of Triple Eight Race Engineering. He has engineered Jamie Whincup to five Supercars series championships. In 2014, he became team manager of Triple Eight.

Career
After studying a mechanical engineering degree at the Queensland University of Technology, Mark Dutton became a race engineer at Larkham Motorsport in 2001.

After Larkham Motorsport, Dutton went to Briggs Motorsport after a break from the sport. In 2007, he became the lead engineer of the Triple Eight Falcon driven by Jamie Whincup. That year, Whincup finished second in the championship behind Garth Tander. Dutton then engineered Whincup to five series championships in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013.

In 2014, Dutton was promoted to team manager of Triple Eight Race Engineering under team principal and co-founder Roland Dane.

References

Living people
Australian motorsport people
Queensland University of Technology alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
École nationale de la météorologie. École nationale de la météorologie (; abbr. ENM) is a Graduate Engineering school in meteorology in Toulouse, France, with roots back to 1948 as the École de la météorologie.
It is one of the grandes écoles. The university has its own campus and an annex at the École nationale de l'aviation civile campus for the aviation related subjects.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ENM (ENM Graduate engineer Masters level program) ;
 Technician in meteorology degree ;
 Master of Science degree in climatology;
 Mastère Spécialisé degree.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French language. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École nationale de la météorologie.

Most of the 350 graduate engineer students at ENM live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

References

External links

 Official

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Ecole nationale de la meteorologie
Education in Toulouse
Universities and colleges established in 1948
1948 establishments in France
Toulouse Institute of Technology
University of Toulouse
Meteorology and climate education
Météo-France