omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shaw's Cove Bridge. Shaw's Cove Bridge is a swing bridge in New London, Connecticut built in 1984, replacing a similar bridge built in 1913. The span carries railroad tracks used by Amtrak for their train along the Northeast Corridor while allowing boat traffic to go through.

History

In 1891, a Pratt truss bridge was constructed to cross over the cove. The bridge was built over a center pier and end stone masonry piers. In 1913, the span was replaced with a  swing bridge span sitting on the original piers. The span was Pratt through truss of the rim-bearing type which has a circulator drum and rollers along the perimeter of the center pier. This type of mechanisms was an early design of swing bridge variants which was later replaced with center-bearing type. The bridge undergone substantial repairs in 1917, 1924, 1932, and 1938. The 1913 span was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of early type of swing bridges.

Replacement
In the 1980s, Federal Railroad Administration funded the $4 billion Northeast Corridor Improvement Project (NECIP) to fully electrify the Northeast Corridor between Washington, DC and Boston. As part of the project, Amtrak upgraded several portions of Northeast Corridor infrastructure in preparation for the launch of the Acela Express service. This included a replacement of the Shaw's Cove Bridge in 1984.

Current operations
Amtrak currently opens the bridge more often than required by Coast Guard regulations. The Shaw’s Cove bridge opens on signal 24 hours a day throughout the year. A delay of up to 10 minutes may be expected if a train is approaching. When a vessel is in an emergency that may endanger life or property, the draw opens as soon as possible.
https://portal.ct.gov/DOT/Bridges/Moveable-Bridges
The operations in winter can be challenging. Occasionally, the bridge would not close for several hours causing trains to be delayed due to mechanical issues caused by extreme cold temperature. Similar issues can cause the bridge not to be able to open for marine traffic for several days.

Gallery

References

External links

Railroad bridges in Connecticut
Historic American Engineering Record in Connecticut
Buildings and structures in New London, Connecticut
Bridges in New London County, Connecticut
Amtrak bridges
Steel bridges in the United States
Svein-Erik Hamran. Svein-Erik Hamran (born 1960) is a Norwegian professor in radar remote sensing at the University of Oslo. He led the development of the Radar Imager for Mars' subsurface experiment (RIMFAX) for the Mars rover Perservance as Principal Investigator for the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), and is a Co-Principal Investigator for the WISDOM radar on the European Space Agency Rosalind Franklin rover.

Hamran is the head of the University of Oslo's Centre for Space Sensors and Systems (CENSSS) at Kjeller.

References

External links 

 University of Oslo profile page

Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni
Living people
Mars 2020
Norwegian physicists
1960 births
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
University of Tromsø alumni
Zhang Rongqiao. Zhang Rongqiao (; born March 1966) is a Chinese physicist and aerospace engineer who is the chief designer of Tianwen-1, China's first mission to Mars.

Biography
Zhang was born in the town of , Qimen County, Huangshan, Anhui province in March 1966. He secondary studied at Qimen No.1 High School. In 1984, he was accepted to Xidian University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1988. In 1991, he graduated from China Academy of Space Technology with a Master of Engineering. He received his EMBA degree from Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in 2002.

Zhang joined the Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering. In 2004, he was transferred to the Lunar Exploration Center of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, where he serves as the chief designer of Tianwen-1, China's first Mars probe. On May 30, 2021, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the China Association for Science and Technology.

Zhang was included in a list of ten scientists who had had important roles in scientific developments in 2021 compiled by the scientific journal ''Nature.

In October 2022, Zhang was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the 20th Party Congress.

In 2023, Zhang was elected as an academician to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

References

1966 births
Living people
People from Qimen County
Scientists from Anhui
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xidian University alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of Xidian University
Brian Mennes. Brian Joseph Mennes (born April 26, 1966) is a retired United States Army major general who was the deputy commanding general of the XVIII Airborne Corps. He previously served as commanding general of the 10th Mountain Division and Fort Drum from May 1, 2019, to July 12, 2021, and as director of force management of the United States Army.

Born in New Mexico, Mennes graduated from the United States Military Academy with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering in May 1988. He later earned a Master of Military Art and Science degree from the Army Command and General Staff College.

In June 2021, Mennes was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general. Pending confirmation, Mennes was assigned as deputy commanding general of the XVIII Airborne Corps, replacing the nomination previously filled by Xavier T. Brunson, who become deputy commanding general of I Corps instead. On September 20, 2021, Mennes' nomination and recommendation for promotion were withdrawn.

References

1966 births
Living people
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from New Mexico
United States Army Rangers
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Bug algorithm. Bug algorithm is a class of algorithm that helps robots deal with motion planning.

Basic assumptions 
The robot is treated as a point inside a 2D world.
The obstacles (if any) are unknown and nonconvex.
There are clearly defined starting point and goal.
The robot is able to detect obstacle boundary from a distance of known length. 
The robot always knows the direction and how far (in terms of Euclidean distance) it is from the goal.

Algorithm 
The most basic form of Bug algorithm (Bug 1) is as follows:
The robot moves towards the goal until an obstacle is encountered.
Follow a canonical direction (clockwise) until the robot reaches the location of initial encounter with the obstacle (in short, walking around the obstacle).
The robot then follows the obstacle's boundary to reach the point on the boundary that is closest to the goal.
Go back to step 1. Repeat this until the goal is reached.

See also 
Pathfinding
Motion planning

References 

Robot kinematics
Presidential Initiative for Artificial Intelligence and Computing (Pakistan). The Presidential Initiative for Artificial Intelligence and Computing (PIAIC) was launched by the President of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi, to promote education, research and business opportunities in Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Internet of Things, and Cloud Native Computing. The initiative comes in a bid to enable Pakistan in making an imprint on the world’s path towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It aims to transform the fields of education, research, and business in Pakistan. President Dr. Arif Alvi had launched PIAIC.

Available Programs 
PIAIC is currently offering following of the technologies:

 Artificial Intelligence
 Cloud Native and Mobile Web Computing
 Blockchain
 Internet of Things(IoT)

Distance Learning Education 
PIAIC offers programs for distance learning as well as on-site learning, allowing students from across Pakistan to enroll online. However, students need to be present for exams onsite in order to enroll into the program and for examinations throughout the course of study The program has an initial target to enroll as many as 100,000 students within a year. After a successful launch in Karachi with 12,000 students enrolling, PIAIC have started registering students in other major cities like Islamabad and Faisalabad and soon plan on offering programs in Lahore, Quetta, and Peshawar.

Javaid Laghari has lamented standards of IT education in Pakistan, including the PIAIC, for not being on par with the developed world. He argues that this has led to low IT exports, especially in high-tech services. While praising the PIAIC as a "good start" for "training a large number of coders", he criticises it as providing too little instruction per week and getting poor reviews.

This initiative is a privately funded not-for-profit educational program that has partnership with non-profit and for-profit organizations like Panacloud, Saylani Welfare International Trust, and Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)

References 

Education in Pakistan
Thomson TO9. The Thomson TO9 is a home computer introduced by French company Thomson SA in 1985.

It's based on the Thomson TO7/70 with new features. It included a built-in 320 Kb 3.5" floppy drive unit, and inputs for light pen, joystick, and mouse. The ROM included some utilities like: two BASIC versions (BASIC 1.0 and BASIC 128), a word processor (Paragraphe) and a database program (Fiche & Dossiers). 

The machine was compatible with the previous TO7 and TO7/70 models. 

Introduced in October 1985, the Thomson TO9 was quickly replaced with the Thomson TO9+ that came out in 1986. Ten games were released for the TO9.

References

6809-based home computers
Thomson computers
Computer-related introductions in 1985
Thomson TO9+. The Thomson TO9+ is a home computer introduced by French company Thomson SA in 1986. It kept the professional look of the Thomson TO9 by using a separate keyboard (lower end models usually had an integrated keyboard).

It's based on the Thomson TO8 and fully compatible with it. This also enables it to run Thomson MO6 software. The computer was designed to be used as a Minitel server and has a built-in V23 modem (with a speed of 1200/75 baud). This feature was accessible under BASIC and from the communication software that came with the computer. The machine was sold with a word processing program (Paragraphe), a database (Fiches & Dossiers) and a spreadsheet (Multiplan). 

Compared with the TO9, the TO9+ added:
 Basic 512
 512 KB RAM 
 double-sided floppy disk drive (640 kB)
 integrated modem
 two ports for mice or joysticks

References

6809-based home computers
Thomson computers
Computer-related introductions in 1986
USAV Major General Robert Smalls. USAV Major General Robert Smalls (LSV-8) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of the US Army.

Design 

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career 
She was acquired by the US Army on 21 June 2006 and commissioned on 15 September 2007 into the 605th Transportation Detachment, 8th Theater Sustainment Command.

References

External links 
 Navsource – Photo Gallery
 Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
 LSVs at globalsecurity.org
 Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
 LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
 Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman

Ships built in the United States
2007 ships
General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels
USAV CW3 Harold C. Clinger. USAV CW3 Harold C. Clinger (LSV-2) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of US Army.

Design 

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career 
She was acquired by the US Army on 21 June 2006 and commissioned in 1988 into the  489th Transportation Detachment, United States Army Reserve.

She is named after US Army Chief Warrant Officer 3 Harold C. "Spike" Clinger.

Gallery

References

External links 
 Navsource – Photo Gallery
 Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
 LSVs at globalsecurity.org
 Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
 LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
 Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman
 Robert Smalls Official Website

Ships built in the United States
1988 ships
General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels
USAV Lt. General William B. Bunker. USAV Lt. General William B. Bunker (LSV-4) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of US Army.

Design 

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career 
She was acquired by the US Army on 18 March 1988 and commissioned in 1988 into the   1099th Transportation Detachment, 7th Expeditionary Transportation Brigade.

Gallery

References

External links 
 Navsource – Photo Gallery
 Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
 LSVs at globalsecurity.org
 Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
 LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
 Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman
 Robert Smalls Official Website

Ships built in the United States
1988 ships
General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels
USAV SP4 James A. Loux. USAV SP4 James A. Loux (LSV-6) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.-class roll-on/roll-off of US Army.

Design 

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career 
She was acquired by the US Army on 30 September 1994 and commissioned in 1994 into the United States Army Reserve.

The ship is named after Specialist James A. Loux (10 February 1950 - 5 April 1971) a Vietnam War US Army Silver Star recipient.

Gallery

References

External links 
 Navsource – Photo Gallery
 Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
 LSVs at globalsecurity.org
 Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
 LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
 Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman
 Robert Smalls Official Website

Ships built in the United States
1994 ships
General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels
USAV SSGT Robert T. Kuroda. USAV SSGT Robert T. Kuroda (LSV-7) is a General Frank S. Besson Jr.–class roll-on/roll-off of US Army.

Design 

Named in honor of Gen. Frank S. Besson Jr., former Chief of Transportation, U.S. Army, these ships have bow and stern ramps and the ability to beach themselves, giving them the ability to discharge 900 short tons of vehicles and cargo over the shore in as little as four feet of water, or 2,000 short tons as an intra-theater line haul roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The vessel's cargo deck is designed to handle any vehicle in the US Army inventory and can carry up to 15 M1 Abrams main battle tanks or 82 ISO standard containers.

Construction and career 
She was acquired by the US Army on 30 September 1994 and commissioned in 1994 into the 548th Transportation Detachment, United States Army Reserve.

References

External links 
 Navsource – Photo Gallery
 Frank S Besson Class LSV Logistic Support Vessel
 LSVs at globalsecurity.org
 Photo gallery: Family tour aboard the LSV-7 Kuroda | The Honolulu Advertiser
 LSV-8 USAV MG Roberts Smalls – a set on Flickr
 Army Commissions Vessel Named after African-American Civil War Hero, S.C. Statesman
 Robert Smalls Official Website

Ships built in the United States
2005 ships
General Frank S. Besson-class support vessels
Luis Miguel Pinho. Luis Miguel Pinho is a Portuguese professor and researcher in the Computer Engineering Department of the Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering (ISEP), in Portugal. He was a member of the Research Center in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, and is Executive Director of the Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center.

Education
He received a Licentiate (degree), a MEng and a PhD in electrical and computer engineering from the School of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Portugal in 1994, 1997 and 2001, respectively.

Research
He has published more than 100 research works, mainly in the areas of real-time systems and the Ada programming language. Pinho has been actively involved with the Ada programming language, being awarded in 2012 the ACM SIGAda Robert Dewar Award for Outstanding Ada Community Contributions.

Organisational affiliations
Luis Miguel Pinho is a Senior Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) .

Selected publications 
 Maia, Cláudio, Luis Miguel Nogueira, and Luis Miguel Pinho. "Evaluating android os for embedded real-time systems." In 6th international workshop on operating systems platforms for embedded real-time applications, pp. 63–70. 2010.
 Pinho, Luis Miguel, and Francisco Vasques. "Reliable real-time communication in CAN networks." IEEE Transactions on Computers 52, no. 12 (2003): 1594-1607.
 Albano, Michele, Luis Lino Ferreira, Luís Miguel Pinho, and Abdel Rahman Alkhawaja. "Message-oriented middleware for smart grids." Computer Standards & Interfaces 38 (2015): 133-143.
 Maia, Cláudio, Marko Bertogna, Luís Nogueira, and Luis Miguel Pinho. "Response-time analysis of synchronous parallel tasks in multiprocessor systems." In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, pp. 3–12. 2014.

References

External links 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Senior members of the IEEE
Senior members of the ACM
Portuguese computer scientists
People from Porto
Helen H. Lu. Helen Haiyan Lu is a Chinese American biomedical engineer and the Percy K. and Vida L. W. Hudson professor of biomedical engineering at the Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science. Her work focuses on understanding and developing therapies in complex tissue systems, especially the interface between soft tissue and bone.

Education 
Lu studied bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania for her undergraduate and doctoral degrees. Her thesis focused on characterization of bioactive glasses. Lu completed postdoctoral fellowships with Cato T. Laurencin at Drexel University (1998-00) and David Kaplan at Tufts University (2001).

Career 

Lu has been a faculty member at Columbia since 2001, where she directs the biomaterials and interface tissue engineering laboratory. She has been a full professor in biomedical engineering since 2014, and has also held appointments in the department of dental and craniofacial bioengineering. Lu is a member of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society American continental council.

Her work in regenerative engineering includes developing scaffolds for stem cell growth, for which she was honored by Presidential Early Career Award in 2010. In 2011, Lu was elected a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Lu has studied biomaterials for regeneration of tendons and ligaments extensively, focusing on bioinspired approaches. In particular, her recent research has focused on rotator cuff repair, although potential applications extend to any soft tissue-bone interface repairs. Lu has said that integrative tissue engineering will eventually "pave the way for total limb regeneration."

Awards and honors 

 2005 Y-ROBOTS Award for young investigator in orthopedic biomechanics and sports medicine
 2005 Wallace H. Coulter Foundation Early Career Award in Translational Research
 2008 Society for Biomaterials Young Investigator Award
 2010 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers

References 

University of Pennsylvania alumni
American women engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American biomedical engineers
American people of Chinese descent
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Columbia University faculty
21st-century American women
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
DAR 3. The DAR 3 Garvan ('Raven' or 'Laz-3') was a 1930s Bulgarian single-engine, multipurpose reconnaissance and auxiliary aircraft.

Design and development 
The aircraft was a multipurpose close air support biplane developed by the Drjavna Aeroplane Rаbotilnitsa. It was intended to be a short-range reconnaissance/light bomber. The first prototype was powered by a 400 hp (298 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 12D engine. During its early stages, the DAR 3(I) prototype suffered various modifications. Its maiden flight occurred in 1927 and it was delivered in 1928. In 1930 it was fitted with a Gnome et Rhône Jupiter 9Akx radial engine. The second prototype came shortly after: the first prototype's rudder and fin were enlarged and its undercarriage was revised. A second aircraft known as the DAR 3(I bis.), referred to as the third prototype, was built. It featured an American Wright Cyclone engine and triangular pointed fin and was delivered in 1929.

Operational history 
During the 1930s and 1940s, the DAR 3 was used for reconnaissance, army co-operation, liaison and continuation training. The DAR 3 also saw action over the Balkans in 1944. After the crash of two Garvan-III aircraft, the Bulgarian Air Force handed the 10 remaining planes to the Yugoslavian Air Force.

Variants 

 DAR 3(I)
 First and second prototypes.
 DAR 3(I bis.)
 Third prototype modified with Wright Cyclone engine and triangular pointed fin.
 DAR 3 Garvan-I
 Series 1 aircraft with open cockpit and one Wright Cyclone engine in a Townsend ring.
 DAR 3 Garvan-II
 Series 2 aircraft with open cockpit, wheel spats and one Siemens Jupiter VI engine, which was later retrofitted with the Alfa Romeo 126 RC34 engine and a hooded cockpit.
 DAR 3 Garvan-III
 Series 3 aircraft powered by one Alfa Romeo 126 RC34 engine in longer cowling. Featured a cockpit canopy for the pilot but not for the gunner and a lengthened fuselage.

Operators 

 Bulgarian Air Force

 Yugoslavian Air Force

Specifications (DAR 3 Garvan-III)

References 

DAR 03
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes