omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Opel Flextreme GT/E. The Opel Flextreme GT/E Concept was a grand tourer concept car manufactured by Opel and based on the powertrain of GM Voltec. It was a five-door 2+2 fastback coupé with rear suicide doors.

The Flextreme GT/E premiered at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. Later that year, the concept received the Red Dot Design Award, after being chosen from 12,000 submissions from 60 countries.

References

External links

Flextreme GT E
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 2010
Grand tourers
Coupés
Opel RAK e. The Opel RAK e is an electric two-seat city concept car produced by the German car manufacturer Opel. The RAK e premiered at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. The name RAK e recalls the name of the rocket-powered RAK 2 from 1928, which included a canopy door. It was developed and designed in conjunction with KISKA, who also designed the KTM X-Bow.

The RAK e is a battery-powered electric car (officially a quadricycle) with a range of 100 kilometres, and a top speed of . Peak power output is  of which  is continuously available. The usable battery has the capacity of 5 kWh.

References

External links

 Opel RAK e on GM Authority

RAK e
Cars introduced in 2011
Electric city cars
City cars
Hatchbacks
Opel Twin. The Opel Twin was a prototype vehicle built by Opel in 1991. If was an electric car with an exchangeable drive unit including the rear wheels. For an electric drive, the batteries and motors could be replaced by an internal combustion engine including fuel tank, gearbox and an exhaust system. 

The electric drive consists of two 10kW engines and one 29kWh battery giving a range of 200km, The petrol drive had an 0.8-litre, 25kW-engine with a 20-litre fuel capacity, giving a range of 500km (3.5l/100km). The Twin's première was at the 1992 Geneva Motor Show.

See also 
 Opel Ampera

References

External links

Twin
Cars introduced in 1992
Harsh Chitale. Harsh Chitale was the previous CEO of HCL Infosystems.

Early life and education
Harsh did his initial schooling at Chikitsak Samuha Shirolkar High School, a Marathi-medium school in Mumbai. Later, he moved to Delhi Public School, R. K. Puram where he completed high-school. Harsh obtained his degree in Electrical Engineering, from IIT Delhi, graduating in 1993. He also received the Director's gold medal at IIT Delhi.

Career
Before HCL, Harsh was the Vice President & GM (Americas Business) of Honeywell Process Solutions (a division of Honeywell International Inc.). Prior to that, he was the Vice President (Global Marketing) of Honeywell Process Solutions, since 1 November 2006.

Harsh started his career, working with the Tata group, in Tata Administration Services (TAS). From December 2004, to November 2006, Harsh worked as Managing Director Honeywell Automation India Ltd.(then, Tata Honeywell Ltd.). He also served as the CEO. Harsh served as Non-executive Vice Chairman and Director, Honeywell Automation India Ltd., till October 2008.

References

External links
  Harsh Chitale, Executive Profile and Biography at Business Week

Businesspeople from Delhi
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
DeltaHawk Engines, Inc.. DeltaHawk Engines, Inc.  is an American aircraft engine manufacturer.

The company builds Diesel and Jet-A-fuelled engines for general aviation aircraft.

DeltaHawk engines have been tested in a Velocity RG homebuilt aircraft, an Australian Delta D2 helicopter and retrofitted in a Cirrus SR20 certified aircraft. In 2011 The State of Wisconsin and the city of Racine, Wisconsin granted low-interest loans to expand the company's production capability.

DeltaHawk was originally working toward a 2012 Federal Aviation Administration certification of its engine line and later set a goal of 2015, but these were not achieved. The DeltaHawk DH180 received its type certificate from the FAA in May 2023, with first customer deliveries planned for 2024. DeltaHawk DH160 certification has not been completed.

On 1 Feb 2024 Deltahawk announced the addition of 200HP and a 235HP engines.

The Ruud family, led by Alan Ruud, took controlling interest in the company in May 2015. Their plans include development of the existing models in the engine line, plus development of higher horsepower engines for certified light aircraft.

Engines 
DH160A4/V4/R4  V-4
DH180A4/V4/R4  V-4
DHK200 200hp (149 kW) V-4
DHK235 235hp (175 kW) V-4

References

External links 
 www.deltahawk.com — official site

Aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
Aviation in Wisconsin
Companies based in Racine, Wisconsin
Shahin (Shawn) Shadfar. Shahin (Shawn) Shadfar (; born 1973 in Tehran - died in 2018 in California) was a Persian-American entrepreneur. He was the founder and president of omNovia Technologies, a software company specialized in web and video conferencing technology, and Xerzees Technologies, the company behind the mobile app Zurf.

Early childhood and education
 Shahin Shadfar left Iran at age 12 and lived in France until the age of 24. He attended the Lycee Joffre Engineering Prep School and acquired his Bachelor of Science and master's degree in computer science from Supelec, Paris. Shahin moved to the United States at age 24 and received a Master of Science in electrical engineering from Georgia Tech in Atlanta.

During his teenage years, Shahin was a passionate software programmer learned Basic, Pascal, C and Prolog.

Schlumberger
After graduation Shahin Shadfar joined the R&D department for Smart Cards in 1998 at Schlumberger in Austin and was part of the team that created and marketed the first Smart Card with on-board cryptography and java also known as Java Card. He later focused in the Information Security group at Schlumberger leveraging smart cards for Identity Management.

omNovia
In May 2004, Shahin Shadfar left Schlumberger and founded omNovia Technologies as an information security consulting firm but rapidly switched to developing a new web and video conferencing technology.

Zurf
Shahin and his wife, Muna started Zurf in July 2013. Zurf is a mobile app enabling one to leave "sticky notes" or zNotes for friends on top of any item (picture) on any website. Friends are automatically taken to the webpage and shown the item along with the zNote and can then add comments right on the note.
Zurf was launched at the TechCrunch Disrupt show in San Francisco in September 2014. Shahin moved his family to San Francisco in May 2014. TechCrunch published an article on Zurf on September 12, 2014.

Death
Shahin Shadfar died on November 19, 2018, at the age of 45 due to colon cancer. The news of his death was never announced publicly; however, it was revealed by a compatriot in 2019.

References

External links
 Shahin (Shawn) Shadfar biography on omnovia.com
 Zurf Social Shopping App- Founder & CEO (Video)

American people of Iranian descent
Businesspeople from Tehran
Living people
1973 births
Supélec alumni
Battle Bull. is a top-down  action video game for the original Game Boy; released in 1990 in Japan and 1991 in North America.

Summary

The player controls a driver of an excavation vehicle as he competes in a 48-level tournament of drilling things.

Players may kill rival drivers only by pushing huge stones at them. Most of the other stones are a permanent part of the cavern; while others can be used to eliminate the opponents. Money is earned after each level for the purpose of upgrading the player's vehicle. Players can improve their engines, purchase extra lives, shovels that can dig better, and weapons to improve the odds on the playing field. A kill ratio is required to be met in order to reach the next stage. Otherwise, the player remains in the current level.

After finishing all 48 levels, the game proclaims that the "battle is over" and that the player becomes "the new champion." The final scene in the game is where the player looks over the sunset with his girlfriend along with the closing credits.

References

External links
 

1990 video games
Game Boy games
Game Boy-only games
Jorudan games
SETA Corporation games
Single-player video games
Tank simulation video games
Top-down video games
Video games developed in Japan
After Burst. is a Japan-exclusive action video game released for the Game Boy in 1990.

Gameplay

Players must control a combat robot with the ultimate goal of destroying the enemy orb. Each level only has one screen to blast hostile robots, solve challenging platforms, and manipulate a series of short puzzles.

There are 30 stages with a boss battle on every tenth stage. A weapon is available; its gunfire can be altered by changing the angle of the gun. The distance of the shot can also be changed by holding down the button for extended periods of time. A two-player duel mode has been added, allowing players to fight either another player or the computer.

This game employs a third-person perspective with a side-view.

Reception

References

1990 video games
Action games
Game Boy-only games
Japan-exclusive video games
Masaya Games games
Science fiction video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Game Boy games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Atsuhiro Motoyama
1969 Aswan Ilyushin Il-18 crash. On 20 March 1969, a United Arab Airlines Ilyushin Il-18 crashed while attempting to land at Aswan Airport. 100 of the 105 passengers and crew on board were killed in the crash.

The crash
The flight was a non-scheduled international passenger service from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to Aswan, Egypt. The aircraft was carrying home Muslim worshippers who had won a pilgrimage through a lottery. It was dark in the early morning when the flight attempted to land and blowing sand had reduced visibility to 2–3 kilometers. After two unsuccessful attempts to land, the aircraft was making a third try when it banked to the right and hit the left side of the runway. The starboard wing tore off and a fuel spillage followed which caused the crashed aircraft to burst into flames.

Cause
The probable cause was determined to be that the "Pilot descended below the minimum safe altitude without having the runway lights clearly in sight. A contributory factor was fatigue arising from continuous working hours without suitable rest periods."

References

External links

 ()

1969 in Egypt
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1969
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Aviation accidents and incidents in Egypt
Accidents and incidents involving the Ilyushin Il-18
EgyptAir accidents and incidents
March 1969 in Africa
Heptamethine dyes. Heptamethine dyes are a subclass of chemical compounds within the cyanine dye family and have many uses as fluorescent dyes, particularly in biomedical imaging, the development of theranostics, the individualized treatment of cancerous patients with the aid of PDT, co-administration with other drugs, and irradiation.

The characteristics of heptamethine dyes can be understood by comparing research data on different dyes within the family.  For example, the IR-780 dye exhibits a peak spectral absorption of around 780 nm.

Optical properties  

The absorption and fluorescence spectrum of heptamethine dyes are in the near infrared region and vary largely on the solvent and concentration. IR-808 absorbs mainly between 775 nm and 796 nm and emits fluorescence between 808 nm and 827 nm with a large red shift as expected in the serum sample.  These absorption rates are important for their medical applications due to their image capturing capabilities. Dyes with good pharmacokinetics and fluorescence above 680 nm are considered viable in biomedical imaging due to their significant tissue penetration and imaging signature relative to background frequencies.

Patents

International patents on the use of heptamethine dyes for use in photographic use have also been approved and instituted.  Fuji Film placed a patent titled “Heptamethine cyanine compound, near infrared absorbing ink, near infrared absorbing sheet and silver halide photographic material” in 1999 and a follow-up international patent 6072059 in 2000.

Heptamethine dyes for near infrared fluorescent imaging are manufactured by such companies as Intrace Medical, Lumiprobe, Cyandye, LI-COR Biosciences - GmbH and others.

References

Cyanine dyes
Optical imaging
Theranostics
Top Gun: Guts and Glory. Top Gun: Guts and Glory is a modern jet flight simulation that was released in 1993 for the original Nintendo Game Boy in Europe and North America.

Gameplay

This video game is loosely based on the Top Gun film starring Tom Cruise. Essentially controlling a modern U.S. Air Force jet through ten levels, players must take out enemy jet fighters in addition to battleships.

Aircraft that can be chosen are the F-14 Tomcat, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter, the F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Soviet-made MiG-29 Fulcrum. Players can either dedicate themselves to a long career mode, engage in a quick air combat session, or go on a bombing run. Passwords help store the player's progress in career mode.

Due to various limitations found on the original Game Boy system, the player can only see and fight against two enemy aircraft at a time.

Reception
Power Unlimited gave this video game a 40%, they criticized the game commenting: "Sad graphics, little action, poor controllability, and much more. It's all deeply sad." Joypad gave it a rating of 25% overall. Aggregator GameRankings gave the game 51.50%.

See also
 Top Gun (video game)
 Turn and Burn: The F-14 Dogfight Simulator

References

1993 video games
Combat flight simulators
Distinctive Software games
Game Boy games
Game Boy-only games
Konami games
Paramount Pictures video games
Single-player video games
Top Gun video games
Video games based on films
Video games developed in Canada
Cost per paper. Cost Per Paper (CPP) means the total money spent on one research paper, the money is accounted from the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC). 
CPP can be used to measure the level of scientific research, which means the bigger CPP value and the better research.

History
The "CPP" conception was raised by Jianguo Gao (高建国) when he analyzed the characteristics of elevated Cost Per Paper of Zhejiang Normal University.

References
高建国. 单篇论文成本和国家自然科学基金资助模式探讨. 中国科技资源导刊, 2012, 44(1): 90-95.

Gao, Jianguo. Analysis of Elevated Cost Per Paper and the Modification of Funding Pattern of National Natural Science Foundation. China Science & Technology Resources Review, 2012, 44(1): 90-95.

External links
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-260340-480471.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222203/http://www.zgkjzydk.com.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120116&flag=1

Costs
Milos Krofta. Milos Krofta(July 23, 1912 - 2002) was a Slovenian engineer and businessman. He developed the technology of dissolved air flotation mainly for the paper industry, in aim to improve the water reuse and to reach the goal of zero discharge. He founded the Lenox Institute for Water Technology, an educational institution for the teaching of water treatment technologies, and was inducted in the Paper Industry International Hall of Fame in 1997. 
His contribution to technological improvement in paper production and in the use of dissolved air flotation is so much eminent that the equipment itself is often named Krofta itself.

Life and career

Born in Ljubljana, Slovenia on July 23, 1912, he studied mechanical engineering in both Ljubljana and Prague; after some years managing paper mills in Slovenia, he moved to Milan, Italy in 1945 due to the political situation in his homeland. He started successfully operating as an engineering consultant and then moved to USA, where he moved in 1951; after the set up of Krofta Engineering Corporation, Dr. Krofta began to design and manufacture equipment for his customers. His improvements in hydraulic design resulted in major improvements in DAF technology performances in water clarification, both for the paper industry and different applications, with lower chemicals and energy consumption; the high efficiency of equipment like the Krofta Supercell allowed for high rate of pulp recovery and reuse of process water, reaching the goal of zero discharge for a water demanding industry. Milos Krofta started several branches in the world and founded the Lenox Institute for Water Technology, a non-profit educational and research unit based in Lenox, MA; Krofta companies, his patents and legacy are now part of KWI and Krofta.

References

Engineers from Ljubljana
2002 deaths
1912 births
Businesspeople from Ljubljana
University of Ljubljana alumni
Yugoslav businesspeople
Yugoslav engineers
Christian Colliex. The French physicist Christian Colliex (b. 1944) is known for his pioneering work on the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in transmission electron microscopy.

Born in 1944, Colliex graduated from the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris in 1965 and received his Ph.D. in Solid State Physics in 1970 from the CNRS Laboratoire de physique des solides, Orsay. He is now CNRS Research Director at the Solid State Physics laboratory in Orsay, head of the Electron Microscopy group. From 2007 to 2010 he served as President of the International Federation of the Societies for Microscopy (IFSM). He won the 2008 Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize.

See also 
 Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize

References

External links
 International Federation of Societies for Microscopy
 Christian Colliex: Adventures with atoms and molecules

1944 births
Living people
Microscopists
20th-century French physicists
Presidents of the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Opel Patent Motor Car. The Opel Patent Motor Car, System Lutzmann (Opel Patentmotorwagen „System Lutzmann“ in German) is the first car from the German automaker Opel. Only 65 vehicles were produced from 1899 to 1902.

Sources
Marcus Schneider: Deutsche Automobile. Edition XXL, Fränkisch-Crumbach 2005, , S. 270 (German)

References

External links

 The Opel Patent Motor Car, System Lutzmann (German)
 The Opel Patent Motor Car, System Lutzmann (German)

Patent Motor Car
First car made by manufacturer
Cars introduced in 1899
1900s cars
Cars discontinued in 1902
Richard Handl. Richard Handl (born May 23, 1980) is a Swedish man who experimented with tritium, americium, aluminium, beryllium, thorium, radium, and uranium, with the intention to create a nuclear reaction. He acquired most of the radioactive materials from foreign companies, while assembling a collection of periodic elements. For six months in 2011, he allegedly attempted to build a breeder reactor in his apartment in Ängelholm, Sweden.

Background
Handl became unemployed after working in a factory for four years,
and decided to start a collection of the elements in the periodic table.
Out of curiosity Handl began experimenting with the elements in his collection, to see if he could create a nuclear reaction.
Handl's experiments included the acquisition of fissile material from outside the country,
a radiator suitable for transmutation, and instruments to measure the reaction, including a Geiger counter.
He spent about 5,000~6,000 kronor in materials and equipment.
One stage of the process involved cooking americium, radium, and beryllium in  on a stove, in order to more easily mix the ingredients; doing so resulted in an explosion.

Handl kept a blog called "Richard's Reactor" in which he documented the progress of the reactor.

Legal repercussions
Handl was detained by the police on 22 July 2011, after having contacted the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) to inquire as to whether his project was legal or not.
His apartment was searched, and the radioactive materials as well as his computer were taken by the police.

He was released,
then convicted in July 2014 on the violation of the Radiation Safety Act, and the violation of Swedish Environmental Code. He was fined 13,600 kronor.

See also
 David Hahn
 Taylor Wilson

References 

Swedish criminals
Nuclear accidents and incidents
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
1980 births
Radioactively contaminated areas
Ronald Aston. Ronald Leslie Aston (23 July 1901 – 7 September 1969) was an Australian physicist and civil engineer.

Aston was born in Burwood, New South Wales, and attended Newington College (1912-1918) and the University of Sydney. He taught civil engineering at the University of Sydney from 1930 until 1966. In 1956 he was appointed associate professor. Earlier he had been physicist on the Imperial Geophysical Experimental Survey from 1929 until 1930 and had tutored at the University of Melbourne in 1928 and 1929.

Aston was President of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1948.

References

External links
Aston, Ronald Leslie (1901 - 1969) at Bright Sparcs, University of Melbourne
Curdie, John, 'Aston, Ronald Leslie (1901–1969)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, MUP, 1993.

1901 births
1969 deaths
20th-century Australian engineers
Australian Methodists
People educated at Newington College
Little Implementation Language. LIL, the Little Implementation Language, was a system programming language during the early days of Unix history on PDP-11 machines. It was written by P. J. Plauger of Bell Labs.

LIL attempted to fill the gap between assemblers and machine-independent system implementation languages (such as the C programming language), by basically adding structured programming to the PDP-11 assembly language. LIL resembled PL360 with C-like flow control syntax.

The LIL compiler "lc" was part of Fifth Edition Unix (1974), but was dropped by Sixth Edition Unix (1975). Plauger left Bell Labs in the same year.

Plauger explains why LIL was abandoned in Bell Labs in favor of C:

... LIL is, however, a failure. Its stiffest competition at Bell Labs is the language C, which is higher level, and machine independent. Every time it looked like C was too expensive to use for a particular project, LIL was considered. But almost every time, it proved easier (and more rewarding) to improve C, or its runtime support, or the hardware, than to invest time in yet another language. ... A machine independent language is always superior -- even for writing machine dependent code (it's easier to find trained programmers) -- so long as the overhead can be endured. It is clear now that writing straightforward code and then measuring it is the formula for the best end product. At worst there will be 5-15 per cent overhead, which is seldom critical. Once system writers become mature enough to recognize this basic truth, they gravitate naturally toward machine independent SILs. ... it looks like the little implementation language is an idea whose time as come -- and gone.

See also
High-level assembler

References

External resources 
 LIL, The Little Implementation Language
 LIL Reference Manual, June 19, 1974, Bell Labs Technical Memo: TM-74-1352-8.
 Programming in LIL: A Tutorial, June 19, 1974, Bell Labs Technical Memo: TM-74-1352-6.
 Fifth Edition Unix manuals, lc(6), the LIL compiler.

Unix history
Procedural programming languages
Systems programming languages