omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Metallurgical coal. Metallurgical coal or coking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to produce good-quality coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast furnace process for primary steelmaking. The demand for metallurgical coal is highly coupled to the demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies often have a division that produces coal for coking, to ensure a stable and low-cost supply.

Metallurgical coal comes mainly from Canada, the United States, and Australia, with Australia exporting 58% of seaborne trade, mostly going to China. In the United States, the electric power sector used "93% of total U.S. coal consumption between 2007 and 2018"; only 7% of the total was metallurgical coal and coal for other uses such as heating.

Characteristics 
Metallurgical coal is low in ash, moisture, sulfur and phosphorus content, and its rank is usually bituminous. Some grades of anthracite coal are used for sintering, pulverized coal injection, direct blast furnace charge, pelletizing, and in production of ferro-alloys, silicon-manganese, calcium-carbide and silicon-carbide. Metallurgical coal produces strong, low-density coke when it is heated in a low-oxygen environment. On heating, the coal softens, and volatile components evaporate and escape through pores in the mass. During coking, the material swells and increases in volume. 

The coking ability of coal is related to its physical properties such as its rank, but laboratory testing is required to completely evaluate the coking ability of a coal. The strength and density of coke are particularly important when it is used in a blast furnace, as the coke supports part of the ore and flux burden inside the furnace. Metallurgical coal contrasts with thermal coal, which does not produce coke when heated. Because of their different end-uses, prices for the two types of coal are usually quite different. 

The suitability of coal for conversion to coke is also referred to as the caking ability.

Types 
There are several types of metallurgical coal:
 Hard coking coals (HCC)
 Medium coking coal (MCC)
 Semi-soft coking coal (SSCC)
 Pulverized coal for injection (PCI) coal

See also 

Metallurgy
Coal analysis
Lignite

References

Coal
Baku Engineering University. Baku Engineering University () is a higher education institution which functions as a public legal entity under the Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic. Baku Engineering University's mission is "to prepare engineers at all levels of higher education, execute programs of higher and additional education in this sphere, and conduct fundamental and applied scientific research."

History 
Baku Engineering University was established by the order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on November 8, 2016. The establishment of the "Baku Engineering University" public legal entity charter was approved by the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on February 21, 2017. Minister of Education Mikayil Jabbarov visited Baku Engineering University on 3 April 2017.

Education 
The establishment of the University aims to improve the teaching of engineering technologies and prepare highly qualified personnel for the industry. Specialties in Bachelor, Master and Doctorate levels are taught in Azerbaijani, English and Russian languages. Admission to the university is held in four faculties.

1) Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences

2) Faculty of Engineering

3) Faculty of Education

4) Faculty of Architecture and Construction

Baku Engineering University operates on a campus located in Absheron. The total area of the Campus is 200,000 m2.

Further reading 
Official Webpage

References

Universities in Baku
Universities and colleges established in 2016
2016 establishments in Azerbaijan
Deogiri College, Aurangabad. Deogiri College is an undergraduate and postgraduate, co-educational college along with Research center in many disciplines,  situated in [Aurangabad], Maharashtra. It was established in the year 1960 by Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal. The college is affiliated with Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.

The post-graduation courses were introduced in 1999, around 36 PG courses are run under this program. Presently Deogiri college has engineering and management science departments as DIEMS has Director Dr. Ulhas Shiurkar as well as Biotech department. It was reaccredited 'A' with CGPA 3.75 (III Cycle) by NAAC in 2017.

Departments

Science
Physics
Mathematics
Chemistry
Geology
Electronics
Botany
Microbiology
Biotechnology
Zoology
Computer Science
Environmental Science

Arts and Commerce
Marathi
English
Hindi
Sanskrit
History
Political Science
Home Science
Public Administration
Psychology
Economics
Sociology
Drama
Music
Commerce
Accounts

Accreditation
The college is  recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Notable aluminises 

 Mayuri Kango – former actress and Google India industrial head, she worked in Bollywood films in late 1990s to early 2000s.

References

External links
http://deogiricollege.org/
https://www.dietms.org/

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
Universities and colleges in Maharashtra
Educational institutions established in 1960
1960 establishments in Maharashtra
Jeffrey Hughes. Jeffrey William Hughes (born 1966) is a United States Navy vice admiral who served as the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Development of the United States Navy from 2021 to 2024.

Early life and education
Hughes was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1988, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Duke University and then graduated with distinction with a Master of Arts in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, with full Joint Professional Military Education credit.

Naval career
In September 1989, Hughes was designated a naval aviator, flying MH-60R and SH-60B Seahawk helicopters. He served as squadron and detachment officer with the Swamp Foxes of Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light (HSL) 44 where he deployed on the , the  and the  in support of Strike Group deployments with the  and .

In 1993, Hughes was named HSL-44 (now HSM-74) Pilot of the Year and was the co-recipient of the Commanding Officer's Helmsman Award. He served as the flag lieutenant to commander for  Carrier Group 4 on all six East Coast aircraft carriers. He then served as the executive officer and the 14th commanding officer of the Fighting Vipers of HSL-48 (now HSM-48). In 2007, he received the Helicopter Maritime Strike Wing, United States Atlantic Fleet Navy and Marine Association peer-selected leadership award. He also served as the commander, Helicopter Maritime Strike Wing, United States Pacific Fleet. In his first flag assignment, he served as the commander, Navy Recruiting Command. On 21 July 2017, he was appointed as commander of Expeditionary Strike Group 2.

On 24 September 2017, Hughes' command, Expeditionary Strike Group Kearsarge which included the amphibious assault ship  and the dock landing ship  along with the 2,400 marines of 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, deployed off the coast of Puerto Rico to coordinate naval relief efforts after Hurricane Maria. The ships had previously been prepositioned to the south of the island to assist in the recovery efforts once the hurricane had passed.

In March 2018, Hughes assumed command of Navy Personnel Command and became Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel. On 12 November 2020, he was nominated for promotion to vice admiral and assignment as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Development. On 14 December 2020, his nomination was confirmed by voice vote of the full United States Senate. In May 2023, he was nominated for assignment as the deputy chief of staff for capability development of Allied Command Transformation.

Hughes' decorations include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, the Legion of Merit (four awards), and the Meritorious Service Medal (two awards).

References

|-

|-

|-

|-

1966 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Duke University Pratt School of Engineering alumni
United States Naval Aviators
Naval War College alumni
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Navy admirals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Robonauts. Robonauts is a 2D arcade-like shooting game developed and published by QubicGames. It was released on Nintendo Switch on 15 September 2017 in North America and Europe and in Japan on 21 June 2018, and PlayStation 4 on 19 September 2017.

Gameplay 
The player/s takes on the role of a Robonaut, a 'Robot Astronaut" who travels around planets shooting enemies. A gateway is present at every level, which if used will send players to the next level. However, the gateway is only accessible if all enemies are defeated. The player/s have the option to shoot with either primary or secondary weapons.

The game has multiple features which are unique to this game:

Gravity switching 
The feature allows players to switch to other planets that are directly on top of, under. or next to players.

Tactical mode 
This feature pauses the game and shows a map of the current level. It also highlights remaining enemies, which can be useful if one wants to open access to a gateway.

Game modes 
Besides the single-player campaign, there is also a co-op feature and a Vs. Game mode.

All multiplayer modes are local-only and the game does not support online play.

Soundtrack 
The soundtrack was composed by Simon Viklund. It features arcade music with robotic beats.

Reception 

The game was rated 69% at GameRankings. Nintendo Life gave the game 7/10, justifying their score by mentioning while the game could be quite repetitive, it was "well-crafted". COG said that "Robonauts is a game that knows precisely what it is: a classic arcade-inspired shooter with unique mechanics to keep it fresh", while saying it "should have been better", giving it a score of 68/100.

Sales 
Robonauts sold more than 320,000 times on both platforms Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4.

External links 
Official profile at nintendo.com

References

Shooter games
Side-scrolling platformers
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
2017 video games
Video games about robots
Science fiction video games
Cooperative video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in Poland
Video games scored by Simon Viklund
QubicGames games
George T. Trundle Jr.. George Thomas Trundle Jr. (September 26. 1884 – July 16, 1954) was an American engineer, President of The Trundle Engineering Company of Cleveland, Ohio, inventor and business theorist, known as recipient of the 1937 Taylor Key, one of the highest awards of the Society for Advancement of Management.

Trundle was born in Bakerton, West Virginia, in 1884, son of George T. Trundle Sr. and Georgianna Trundle. After attending grammar and high schools in his native state, in 1902 at the age of 18, he moved to Cleveland, where he started his career in the industry. By 1918 he was chief engineer of the American Multigraph Company. In the 1920s he founded the Trundle Engineering Company of Cleveland, where he served as president. Over the years he put several patents on his name, wrote several articles on business topics, and edited the 1948 volume Managerial control of business published by Wiley.

Trundle was awarded the Taylor Key in 1937 by the Society for Advancement of Management. In the early 1940s the Society initiated an award in his name; the George T. Trundle Jr. Trophy, awarded to an outstanding student branch.

Selected publications 
 Trundle, George T., (ed.) Managerial control of business. Wiley, 1948.

Articles, a selection
 Trundle, George T. "Production control." in: Handbook of business administration. McGraw-Hill, New York (1931).
 Trundle, George T. "Returning to the old job." Journal of Counseling & Development 23.1 (1944): 16–17.
 Trundle, G. T. Jr. "Your Inventory a Graveyard?." Factory Management and Maintenance 94.12 (1936): 45.

Patents, a selection
 Trundle, George T. "Chuck." U.S. Patent No. 1,044,299. 12 Nov. 1912.
 Trundle, George T. "Clip for locking type-lines." U.S. Patent No. 1,083,711. 6 Jan. 1914.
 Trundle, George T. "Feeding mechanism for cards, envelops, and similar articles." U.S. Patent No. 1,116,860. 10 Nov. 1914.
 Trundle, George T. Jr. "Milling-machine." U.S. Patent No. 1,216,018. 13 Feb. 1917.
 Trundle, George T. Jr. "Multiple-drilling machine." U.S. Patent No. 1,264,349. 30 Apr. 1918.

References 

1884 births
1954 deaths
American business executives
American business theorists
20th-century American engineers
People from Jefferson County, West Virginia
20th-century American inventors
Roger Kemp (engineer). Roger John Kemp  is a professorial fellow in engineering at Lancaster University. He was engineering manager for the Docklands Light Railway in London and managed the design and development team at Eurostar.

References

External links 
Lancaster University – Roger Kemp
Lancaster University researchdirectory – Professor Roger Kemp MBE BSc FREng CEng FIET

Living people
Academics of Lancaster University
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of the University of Sussex
English railway mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sugden Audio. Sugden Audio is a British engineering company that manufactures hi-fi and audio equipment. Founded by James Edward Sugden in Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire in 1967, the company is best known as the manufacturer of the Sugden A21 amplifier.

Sugden had been involved in the manufacture of scientific equipment since 1960 with his company Research Electronics. Sugden was keenly interested in hi-fi, in particular in overcoming the problem of crossover distortion common in Class B solid state amplifier designs at the time. He developed a Class-A amplifier, the Si 402,  which avoided this, however it was extremely expensive, costing 100 Guineas (£105, ) and few if any were sold. At the time, Sugden was the only company in the industry using Class A design in their Hi-Fi amplifiers.

The following year Sugden agreed to work with local loudspeaker manufacture Richard Allan, which would market Sugden's amplifiers under their brand name. In April 1968 the A21 amplifier was premiered at an audio fair in London. It would sell for a much more attractive £52 and received good reviews in the audio press.

Shortly after they set up a factory at Carr Street in Cleckheaton in West Yorkshire and started producing the A21 amplifier under their name. They subsequently expanded their range of products to include other amplifiers and tuners.

In 1981, they relocated to Valley Road in Heckmondwike where they remain.

References

Audio amplifier manufacturers
Compact Disc player manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Electronics companies established in 1967
Companies based in Kirklees
British companies established in 1967
1967 establishments in England
Gas immersion laser doping. Gas immersion laser doping (GILD) is a method of doping a semiconductor material such as silicon.

In the case of doping silicon with boron to create a P-type semiconductor material, a thin wafer of silicon is placed in a containment chamber and is immersed in boron gas. A pulsed laser is directed at the silicon wafer and this results in localised melting and subsequent recrystallisation of the silicon wafer material, allowing boron atoms in the gas to diffuse into the molten sections of the silicon wafer. The result of this process is a silicon wafer with boron impurities, creating a P-type semiconductor.

References

Further reading 

Semiconductor device fabrication
206th Tactical Fighter Squadron (JASDF). The 206th Tactical Fighter Squadron () was a squadron of the 7th Air Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It was based at Hyakuri Air Base, in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It was equipped with Lockheed F-104J/DJ aircraft. It was replaced by the Mitsubishi F-15J-equipped 306th Tactical Fighter Squadron.

Tail marking
The squadron's tail marking was a plum blossom. The 305th Tactical Fighter Squadron continued the tradition by also using a plum blossom design on the tails of its aircraft.

Aircraft operated

Fighter aircraft
 Lockheed F-104J/DJ (1965-1978)

See also
 Fighter units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Dong Xiwen. Dong Xiwen (; 1914 – 8 January 1973) was a Chinese painter best known for his 1953 work The Founding Ceremony of the Nation.

Life and career 
Dong was born in 1914 in the Keqiao district of Shaoxing prefecture in Zhejiang, China. He graduated from Huilan High School in Hangzhou. In 1932, he was admitted to study civil engineering at Zhejiang University. In 1933 and 1934 he attended the Suzhou Art Institute and the Hangzhou National Art Institute. After graduating from the latter in 1939, he attended the Paris Art Institute at Hanoi, Vietnam for half a year. Between 1942 and 1946, he worked as a researcher at the Dunhuang Art Research Institute, copying wall paintings. In 1946 he began to teach at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beiping. During this time, he sympathized with the student political activities of the Chinese Communist Party, and participated in activities leading to the takeover of Beiping. In July 1949, he participated in painting the first portrait of Mao Zedong at Tiananmen. In December of the same year, he joined the Communist Party. Between 1952 and 1953, he painted his best-known work, The Founding Ceremony of the Nation.

Dong was a professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He led the drafting of the relief sculptures for the Monument to the People's Heroes. He was also a member of the second Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In 1962 he set up a studio in the Academy with Wu Zuoren and Luo Gongliu. In 1969, he was politically persecuted and made to perform labor. He died of cancer on 8 January 1973.

Dong was an expert in portraiture. His oil paintings combined Western techniques of realism from the Renaissance with the ornamental tastes of Chinese traditional painting, including the bright colors of the Dunhuang wall paintings, in keeping with popular tastes.

His work after 1949 was affected by political trends in art. The Founding Ceremony of the Nation not only became a source for the later "Red Light" movement during the Cultural Revolution, but was twice amended by Dong after internal conflicts within the Communist Party to remove the figures of Gao Gang and Liu Shaoqi. In 1972, his student Jin Shangyi removed the figure of Lin Boqu from a copy of the painting. In 1979, another replica was made that reproduced the original condition of the painting.

Works 
 Oil paintings: 《苗女赶场》(1943), 《哈萨克牧羊女》(1947), 《迎接解放》(1949), The Founding Ceremony of the Nation《开国大典》(1953), 《春到西藏》(1954), 《密云春水》(1964).
 Collected works: 《长征路线写生集》, 《董希文画集》, 《董希文素描集》。
 Art criticism:《从中国绘画的表现方法谈到油画中国风》, 《素描基本练习对于彩墨画教学的关系》, 《绘画的色彩问题》。

References

1914 births
1973 deaths
20th-century Chinese painters
Artists from Shaoxing
Painters from Zhejiang
Chinese art educators
No. 97 Wing RAAF. No. 97 Wing was a temporary formation established on 24 October 1997 to command the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) elements deployed for drought relief purposes to Papua New Guinea during Operation Ples Drai. It was led by Wing Commander Chris Richards, who was also the commander of the Air Component of Joint Task Force 105 which had been established for this operation.

The size of the Air Component varied over time, but the RAAF aircraft assigned to it typically included two Lockheed C-130 Hercules and three de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou transport aircraft. The Air Component usually also included three Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk and two Boeing CH-47 Chinook helicopters provided by the Australian Army, and was staffed by around 100 personnel.

All of the aircraft assigned to Operation Ples Drai returned to Australia in April 1998.

References
Citations

Bibliography

97
Military units and formations established in 1997
Military units and formations disestablished in 1998
JNR Class ED74. The  was a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement AC electric locomotive type operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) in Japan between 1962 and the 1980s.

Design
The Class ED74 was developed as a four-axle version of the six-axle (Bo-Bo-Bo) Class EF70 electric locomotives introduced a year earlier on the Hokuriku Main Line, and was intended for use on services north of  where the gradients were easier.

History
A total of six locomotives were built by Mitsubishi in 1962, coinciding with the electrification of the Hokuriku Main Line between Fukui and . The six locomotives were delivered to Tsuruga Depot.

Displaced by the arrival of Class EF81 multi-voltage AC/DC electric locomotives, the Class EF74 locomotives were transferred to Kyushu in October 1968 for use on the recently electrified Nippo Main Line. To enable use alongside the six axle (Bo-2-Bo) Class ED76 AC locomotives, a dead weight of 1.4 t was added to increase the axle load from 16.25 t to 16.8 t. As the Class EF74 locomotives did not have steam generators and were unable to provide train heating for passenger services, they were mostly used on freight services between  and , as well as on overnight sleeping car services that did not require a separate heating supply from the locomotive. Despite electrification south to  in 1974, the Class EF74 locomotives were not allowed south of Oita due to their axle load, and were subsequently replaced by an additional build of Class ED76 locomotives. The entire class was withdrawn by 1982.

Classification

The ED74 classification for this locomotive type is explained below.
 E: Electric locomotive
 D: Four driving axles
 7x: AC locomotive with maximum speed exceeding

References

Electric locomotives of Japan
Bo-Bo locomotives
Mitsubishi locomotives
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1962
Air Development and Test Wing (JASDF). The  is the sole unit of the Air Development and Test Command of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force based at Gifu Air Field in Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Aircraft operated
 Kawasaki C-1FTB
 Kawasaki C-2 
 Kawasaki T-4
 Fuji T-7
 McDonnell Douglas F-4EJ Kai Phantom II (1971–2021)
 Mitsubishi F-2
 Mitsubishi F-15J
 Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin

See also 
 List of aerospace flight test centres

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Way of the Future. Way of the Future (WOTF) was the first known religious organization dedicated to the worship of artificial intelligence (AI). It was founded in 2017 by American engineer Anthony Levandowski.

History 

Anthony Levandowskii founded Way of the Future in 2017 in California. Levandowski established WOTF as a non-profit religious corporation. The primary mission of WOTF was to "develop and promote the realization of a Godhead based on Artificial Intelligence."

Beliefs and philosophy

Technological singularity 

WOTF centered its teachings around the concept of the technological singularity, a hypothetical future point when technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to unforeseeable changes in human civilization. The church advocated for embracing this change, viewing it as an evolutionary step for humanity.

AI as a deity 

The organization proposed that a superintelligent AI could be considered a deity due to its vastly superior intellect and capabilities. Worshipping this AI deity was seen as a means to understand and align with the future trajectory of technological advancement. WOTF's doctrine suggested that acknowledging AI's divinity would facilitate a harmonious coexistence between humans and machines.

See also 

 Transhumanism
 Singularitarianism

References

External links 

 Archived official website

Artificial intelligence
Religious belief systems founded in the United States
Religious organizations established in 2017
Organizations disestablished in 2020