omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Reactive diluent. Reactive diluents are substances which reduce the viscosity of a lacquer or resin for processing and become part of the lacquer or coating during its subsequent curing via copolymerization. A non-reactive diluent would be a solvent or plasticizer.

Diluents (or thinners) are usually added to lacquers or other resins, to reduce their viscosity and rheology). In thermal cured lacquers, such diluents added are volatile substances which evaporate from the lacquer during drying. In the case of radiation-curing lacquers (for example UV lacquers), those diluents should be avoided. The addition of reactive diluents facilitates the processing of the lacquers, allows the addition of more fillers and improves the wetting behavior on the substrate. If volatile diluents are replaced by reactive diluents, flammability, smell, skin irritation and environmental compatibility (by lower or no VOC emissions) can be improved.

Choice of reactive diluent
Since reactive diluents are incorporated into a lacquer or resin and remain in it, they influence not only the viscosity of the uncured lacquer but also its physical properties after curing. Therefore, the choice of the reactive diluent has an influence on:

The adhesion of the lacquer to the substrate
The compatibility with the binder
The chemistry of the resin (for example an epoxy resin would use an epoxy reactive diluent)
The flexibility of the cured layer
The volatility
The environmental compatibility.

Reactive diluents used are low-viscosity, mono-, bi- or polyfunctional monomers or oligomers. In general, several different monomers are combined so that one monomer can compensate for the undesired properties of another monomer. Monofunctional monomers offer a low viscosity, but are quite volatile and tend to smell. With an increasing number of functional groups of a monomer, its volatility decreases while viscosity and crosslinking of the final varnish increase.

Styrene and acrylates are frequently used as reactive diluents. Epoxides make use of reactive diluents with oxirane functionality.

References
Hojjat Adeli. Hojjat Adeli () from Ohio State University, Columbus, OH was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to computational intelligence in infrastructure engineering and also an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
In 2019, Hojjat Adeli was distinguished with the Robert Moskovic Award in recognition of an outstanding contribution to Computational Intelligence and Smart Structures given by the ESIS TC12 technical committee of the European Structural Integrity Society.

References

External links 

 Hojjat Adeli on Telegram

Fellows of the IEEE
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Dakshi Agrawal. Dakshi Agrawal, from the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York.

Agrawal obtained his B.Tech. degree from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in 1993 and two years later received his M.S. from the Washington University in St. Louis as well as his Ph.D. in 1999 from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, all of which were in electrical engineering. From 1999 to 2000 he worked as a visiting assistant professor at UIUC and in 2000, joined the Thomas J. Watson Research Center of IBM, in Hawthorne, New York as a research scientist. Since 2006 he serves as manager of the Network Management Research Group at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center.

He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012. "for contributions to theory, analysis, and design of efficient, secure, and privacy-preserving communication systems'' and in 2017, he became an IBM Fellow.

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Ajith Amerasekera. Ajith Amerasekera from the Texas Instruments Inc., in Dallas, TX was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for leadership in semiconductor innovation and contributions to circuit design.

Amerasekera was Chief Technical Officer for TI's ASIC Business Unit.
His Ph.D. is in Electrical Engineering and Physics.

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Thomas Antonsen. Thomas Marbory Antonsen Jr. (born December 7, 1950) is an American physicist, a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Physics and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Maryland.

Early life and career 
Antonsen graduated from Cornell University with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1973, an M.S. in 1976 and a Ph.D. in 1977.

He was a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow at the Naval Research Laboratory in 1976-77 and a research scientist in the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT from 1977 to 1980. He joined the faculty of the University of Maryland in 1980 as a research assistant, where his research interests include nonlinear dynamics and chaos and plasma theory. He was appointed professor at Maryland in 1989.

Honors and awards 
Antonsen was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1986 for "contributions to the theory of the stability of high temperature plasmas and the theory of the production of intense ion beams". He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for "contributions to the theory of magnetically confined plasmas, laser-plasma interactions and high power coherent radiation sources".

Antonsen was awarded the 2016 John Pierce Award for Excellence in Vacuum Electronics from IEEE. He was also awarded the 2022 IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award and the 2023 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics from the American Physical Society.

Personal life 
Antonsen is married with 3 children.

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Murat Arcak. Murat Arcak is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science from the University of California, Berkeley who was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to theory and application of nonlinear observer design and the passivity approach to control of distributed systems. In 2007 he was a recipient of the SIAG/Control and Systems Theory Prize from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics of which he is also a member.

Education
Murat Arcak obtained B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Boğaziçi University in 1996 and then got M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1997 and 2000 respectively. He then worked in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

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Bridge No. 455. Bridge No. 455 is a historic open spandrel concrete bridge, carrying Connecticut Route 159 across Stony Brook in southern Suffield, Connecticut.  Completed in 1929, it is one of six surviving open spandrel concrete bridges in the state.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Description and history
Bridge No. 455 is located in southeastern Suffield, carrying Connecticut Route 159 across Stony Brook.  Route 159 is the major north-south route through eastern Suffield, running roughly parallel to the Connecticut River.    The bridge is set across a steep and rocky ravine. It is  long, with a main span measuring , and nine concrete girder approach spans.  The main span is an open spandrel structure of reinforced concrete, whose arch has a rise of .  The bridge deck is  above the typical water level of the stream below.  The arch ribs are  thick at the base and  at the apex, and are joined to the bridge deck by a series of tapered square columns.  The roadway is two lanes wide.

The bridge was completed in 1929 as part of a major initiative by the state Department of Transportation to improve the infrastructure of its main highways.  At the time Route 159 was the principal north-south route between Hartford and Springfield, Massachusetts, and is still a major secondary road, having been supplanted by Interstate 91 for most traffic.  The state used open spandrel structures over ravines and for exceptionally long spans, where significant cost savings were achieved by reducing materials costs.  The state also declared a preference for the bridges for their aesthetics, and used them with some frequency.  There are now only six such bridges left in the state.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hartford County, Connecticut
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut

References

Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut
National Register of Historic Places in Hartford County, Connecticut
Bridges completed in 1929
Bridges in Hartford County, Connecticut
Suffield, Connecticut
Concrete bridges in the United States
Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States
Road bridges in Connecticut
Venkataramanan Balakrishnan. Venkataramanan "Ragu" Balakrishnan is an Indian–American engineer. He is the Charles H. Phipps Dean at the Case School of Engineering, having previously served as the Michael and Katherine Birck Head Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. In 2012, Balakrishnan was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for his contributions to convex optimization in control systems.

Early life and education
Balakrishnan was born and raised in India. His father was a chemistry graduate who worked for a paper company while his sister works in computer systems. He received a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from IIT Madras, receiving the President of India Gold Medal for academic excellence.  He then travelled to the United States where he enrolled at Stanford University for his Master of Science (MS) degree in statistics followed by a M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering. Following his PhD, Balakrishnan conducted his postdoctoral research at the A. James Clark School of Engineering with Andre Tits. During this time, he focused on semi-definite programming and co-authored two papers: "Robustness under Bounded Uncertainty with Phase Information," and ISR Technical Report 97-23, "Absolute Stability Theory, Mu Theory and State-Space Verification of Frequency-Domain Conditions: Connections and Implications for Computation."

Career
Following his postdoctoral research, Balakrishnan accepted an assistant professor position at Purdue University in 1994. He was quickly promoted to associate professor of electrical and computer engineering in 1998 and Full professor in 2003. Shortly following his promotion, Balakrishnan also became Purdue's assistant head for strategic initiatives and director of graduate admissions. In 2007, Balakrishnan was named associate dean for research in the College of Engineering. While serving as the associate dean, Balakrishnan was also named the Interim Head of the Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). As the Interim Head of ECE, Balakrishnan was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for contributions to convex optimization in control systems. The following year, he was named the inaugural Michael and Katherine Birck Head of ECE.

In 2018, Balakrishnan left Purdue to become the Charles H. Phipps Dean at the Case School of Engineering.

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Kaustav Banerjee. Kaustav Banerjee is a professor of electrical and computer engineering and director of the Nanoelectronics Research Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He obtained Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering and computer sciences from the University of California. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 "for contributions to modeling and design of nanoscale integrated circuit interconnects." One of Banerjee's notable doctoral student is Deblina Sarkar, who later joined the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The journal Nature Nanotechnology recognised their paper on tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET)-based biosensor published in Applied Physics Letters in as one of the highlight papers in 2012.

Banerjee is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Physical Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. He has received the IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award, and Humboldt Prize.

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David Theodore Blaauw. David Theodore Blaauw is a professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering program at  the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to adaptive and low power circuit design.

Education 
B.S. from Duke University, 1986
Ph.D. from the University of Illinois, Urbana

References 

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Thierry Blu. Thierry Blu from The Chinese University of Hong Kong was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for fundamental contributions to approximation theory in signal and image processing.

Biography
Born in Orléans, France in 1964, he graduated from the École polytechnique (Paris, France) in 1986 with a M.Sc.  In 1988, he graduated (MEng) from École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (Paris) from which he also obtained a PhD in electrical engineering (1996).

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Martin Bossert. Martin Bossert from Ulm University, Ulm, Germany was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to reliable data transmission including code constructions and soft decision decoding.

Bossert received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Karlsruhe, Germany in 1981, and his Ph.D. from the Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany in 1987.

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Kenneth L. Calvert. Kenneth Leonard Calvert is an American computer scientist and a professor of computer science at the University of Kentucky, where from 2014 to 2020 he held the Gartner Group Chair in Network Engineering. His research interests include network topology and network security.

Calvert was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 "for contributions to internet topology and active networks".

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Home page

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Chaitali Chakrabarti. Chaitali Chakrabarti from the Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 "for contributions to low power embedded system design and to very large scale integration architectures for signal processing".

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Naehyuck Chang. Naehyuck Chang is a Professor of electrical engineering at KAIST, Seoul, Korea.

Chang obtained his BS, MS, and PhD degrees from the Department of Control and Instrumentation at Seoul National University, of which he later became faculty member and later served as Vice Dean of its College of Engineering. In 2012, Chang was elected as chair of a Special Interest Group within the Association for Computing Machinery.

Chang was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to system-level power characterization, including thermal management and in 2015 he was named an ACM Fellow by the Association for Computing Machinery.

References

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Kara Clark. Kara Clark is an American wind turbine and large-scale power systems researcher and electrical engineer known for her research on modeling wind power generation. She was elected an IEEE fellow in 2012.

Biography 
Kara Clark earned her Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado in 1984, followed by her M.Sc. in electrical power engineering from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, in 1987.

Clark worked at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado, on issues related to the integration of significant levels of wind and solar generation into the bulk transmission system. She led Phase 3 of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study, which analyzed frequency response and transient stability with high renewable penetration.

In Troy, New York, before joining NREL, she worked with General Electric Corporation's Energy Applications and System Engineering group as a principal contributor to many of the key U.S. wind integration studies and the development of dynamic models of wind and solar plants. Her focus was on wind-turbine generators and wind plant controls and included modeling for both cycle-by-cycle and fundamental frequency analysis and analyzing the impact of significant levels of wind and solar generation on power system performance. As a principal contributor to the New York, California and Western Wind and Solar integration studies, she actively participated on the team that earned both the 2007 American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) Technical Achievement Award and the 2010 Utility Wind Industry Group (UWIG) Achievement Award.

She has authored many technical papers and is a registered Professional Engineer in New York.

Clark was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 citing her "contributions to the modeling of wind power generation."

Selected works 

 Clark, Kara, Nicholas W. Miller, and Juan J. Sanchez-Gasca. "Modeling of GE wind turbine-generators for grid studies." GE energy 4 (2010): 0885-8950.

 Miller, Nicholas W., Kara Clark, and Miaolei Shao. "Frequency responsive wind plant controls: Impacts on grid performance." In 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-8. IEEE, 2011.
 Milligan, Michael, Bethany Frew, Brendan Kirby, Matt Schuerger, Kara Clark, Debbie Lew, Paul Denholm, Bob Zavadil, Mark O'Malley, and Bruce Tsuchida. "Alternatives no more: Wind and solar power are mainstays of a clean, reliable, affordable grid." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 13, no. 6 (2015): 78-87.
 Denholm, Paul, Kara Clark, and Matt O'Connell. "On the path to sunshot-emerging issues and challenges in integrating high levels of solar into the electrical generation and transmission system." (2016).

References

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Paul Dan Cristea. Paul Dan A. Cristea (13 February 1941, Bucharest – 17 April 2013) was a Romanian professor of engineering. He was named an IEEE EMBS Fellow in 2012 "for contributions to modernizing and internationalizing engineering education". He was fellow of the prestigious Academy of Scientists of Romania https://www.aosr.ro/

Education and career
Cristea got his master's degrees from the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications of the Politehnica University of Bucharest and from the Department of Physics at the University of Bucharest in 1962. In 1970, he got his Ph.D. from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, and, after graduation, remained at the university. Between 1962 and 1990, Cristea served as assistant, associate, professor, and full professor at his alma mater and was a founder of the Digital Signal Processing Laboratory at the Politehnica University of Bucharest. Since 2005, Cristea was an associate editor and member of the editorial board of the EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology.

In 2011 he became a full member of the Romanian Academy.

Interviews
(in Romanian) https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=2TipkP8Kbj4  ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5yfH1gT6_M

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Kostas Daniilidis. Kostas Daniilidis, Ruth Yalom Stone Professor of Computer Vision at the Computer and Information Systems Department at the  University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States, PA was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to visual motion analysis, omni-directional vision, and three-dimensional robot vision.

References 

 https://www.seas.upenn.edu/directory/profile.php?ID=20

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