omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chemex Coffeemaker. The Chemex Coffeemaker is a manual pour-over style glass coffeemaker, invented by Peter Schlumbohm in 1941, manufactured by the Chemex Corporation in Chicopee, Massachusetts.

In 1958, designers at the Illinois Institute of Technology selected the Chemex Coffeemaker as "one of the best-designed products of modern times." It is included in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.  It has been featured in the novel From Russia with Love, in a scene where James Bond eats breakfast, the film Harper starring Paul Newman, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Ira Levin's Rosemary's Baby, as well as its film adaptation.

Design 

The Chemex coffeemaker consists of an hourglass-shaped glass flask with a conical funnel-like neck and proprietary filters, made of bonded paper, that are thicker than the standard paper filters used for a drip coffeemaker. The thicker paper of the Chemex filters removes most of the coffee oils and makes coffee that is much "cleaner" than coffee brewed in other coffee-making systems. The thicker filter papers may also assist in removing more cafestol, a cholesterol-elevating compound found in coffee.

The most visually distinctive feature of the Chemex is the heatproof wooden collar around the neck, which allows it to be easily handled and poured when full of hot coffee. The collar is turned and then split in two to allow it to fit around the glass neck. The two pieces are held loosely in place by a tied leather thong. For a design piece that became popular post-war at a time of Modernism and precision manufacture, this juxtaposition of natural wood and the organic nature of a hand-tied knot with the laboratory nature of glassware was a distinctive feature of its appearance.

Brewing coffee 
Coffee is brewed by first folding the paper filter into shape by using the folded side with a printed number 3, where the pour spout is located and placing it into the neck of the flask. The Chemex filter should be rinsed with hot water to remove any paper taste. After dumping the water, ground coffee is added to the rinsed paper filter. The coarse grind will resemble kosher salt for the best flavor. Hot water ( is then poured through the coffee and filter, depositing brewed coffee into the flask. There is a spout located on the top half of the brewer. This allows for easily pouring out coffee post brew and ensures airflow while brewing, avoiding vacuum sealing.

See also 
 Erlenmeyer flask
 Chemex filter system (FP-1, FP-2, FP-2N, FS-100, FSU-100, FC-100)
 Bodum Pour Over (a similar looking metal filter holder)
 Hario Drip Pot Woodneck (a similar looking cloth filter holder)

References

External links 

Chemex Coffeemakers & Filters – Official Website

Coffee preparation
Articles containing video clips
Products introduced in 1941
American inventions
Manufacturing companies based in Chicopee, Massachusetts
AJAR (applications software platform). AJAR is a Motorola applications software platform for mass-market feature phones, designed to help players across the mobile industry develop highly customised, fully featured handsets rapidly and cost-effectively.

History 

AJAR started its development life in 2002 and was a revolution of an earlier TTPCom applications framework that was used by many OEMs and ODMs in the industry during the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Prior to Motorola, TTPCom licensed AJAR to several key OEMs, ODMs, semi-conductor manufacturers and system integrators. Motorola was a strategic customer of TTPCom and consequently bought the company and the technology in 2006.

Description 
AJAR combines a complete applications framework, toolset and a suite of pre-integrated applications. It represents a single investment in applications for products used across multiple networks (2G, 2.5G, EDGE, CDMA, 3G and HSDPA), multiple architectures (single processor, coprocessor, application processor) and different handset designs (candy bar, clamshell).

AJAR is compatible with multiple cellular chipsets across a range of handsets from entry level to feature phone.

References 

Motorola products
KTechLab. KTechLab is an IDE for electronic and PIC microcontroller circuit design and simulation; it is a circuit designer with auto-routing and a simulator of common electronic components and logic elements.

KTechLab is free and open-source software licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL.

History
KTechLab was first developed by David Saxton, who worked on it until 2007. The design ideas and a lot of the current code have been developed by him.  He released various versions, up to version 0.3.6.

When David Saxton stated that he would not be able to continue developing the software, KTechLab stalled for a while before others continued his work, releasing version 0.3.7, with more components and bug fixes.

In January 2019, KTechLab was ported to Qt and KDELibs4. The new priority changed to port KTechLab to Qt5 and KF5, accomplished by version 0.50.0.

See also

 Comparison of EDA software
 List of free electronics circuit simulators

References

External links
Note that, at 2021-06-22, the KDE git repository (https://invent.kde.org/sdk/ktechlab.git, 2 weeks ago, and containing GitHub's latest commit e0bb9ff) is more recent that the GitHub git repository (https://github.com/ktechlab/ktechlab.git, 6 months ago).

KTechLab on KDE Community Wiki

KTechlab users guide

KDE software
Free electronic design automation software
Electronic design automation software for Linux
Electronic circuit simulators
Engineering software that uses Qt
Free simulation software
Wag-Aero Wag-a-Bond. The Wag-Aero Wag-a-Bond is a high-wing two-seat side-by-side homebuilt aircraft of tube-and-fabric construction. It is replica of the Piper Vagabond taildragger and produced by Wag-Aero in kit form.

Design and development
The Wag-A-Bond was the second homebuilt replica of a Piper product from parts supplier Wag-Aero. The aircraft was built to provide a side-by-side product following success of the tandem seat Wag-Aero CUBy.

The Wag-a-Bond was initially a replica of Piper's Vagabond aircraft. The Wag-A-Bond Traveler is based on the Vagabond, but has several modifications. This features larger engine options of  and cargo space for camping gear. The Traveler has doors on both sides of the cabin and two wing-mounted fuel tanks with a small header tank. The wings are the same as the Wag-Aero Acro Trainer and are built with spruce spars, wooden ribs and covered with 2024-T3 aluminium sheet. The original Wag-a-Bond design is marketed as the Wag-a-Bond Classic.

Wag-Aero company president Dick Wagner flew the Wag-a-Bond for the first time on June 9, 1978.

Variants
Classic
Original design, a reproduction of the Piper PA-17. Recommended engine power range from .
Traveler
Improved model with two doors, additional wing fuel tanks and enlarged baggage compartment. Recommended engine power range from

Specifications Wag-a-Bond Classic

See also

References

External links

Wag-Aero aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1978
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
John Thompson (company). John Thompson Limited was a major engineering business based in Wolverhampton, in its latter years offering products for the nuclear engineering industry.

History
The company was founded by William Thompson, in or around 1820, in Wolverhampton, as a general engineering business. In 1850, the business passed to William's brother, Stephen, and in 1860, it passed to William's son, John. Within ten years it was concentrating on manufacturing boilers.

By 1914, the company had expanded into motor pressings. During World War I it made cowlings for Sopwith aircraft and, in World War II, it made airscrews for Spitfire and Hurricane aircraft.

In the 1950s, as part of a consortium with AEI, the company was awarded a contract to supply boilers and reactor pressure vessels for the Berkeley nuclear power station.

In 1970, the business was acquired by Clarke Chapman and, in 2004, the Ettingshall Works was closed.

External links
 Grace's guide

References

Technology companies established in 1820
British companies established in 1820
Manufacturing companies based in Wolverhampton
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Nuclear technology companies of the United Kingdom
Technology companies disestablished in 2004
British companies disestablished in 2004
1820 establishments in England
2004 disestablishments in England
817 Naval Air Squadron. 817 Naval Air Squadron was a unit of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm during the Second World War and the Cold War.

In 1941, the squadron operated Fairey Albacore aircraft in the Anti-Submarine Warfare role in Icelandic and Mediterranean waters. The Squadron was reformed in 1943, with Fairey Barracuda aircraft and carried out operations in the Far East before disbanding at the end of the war.

The squadron was reformed as 817 Squadron RAN in 1950.

Aircraft 
 Fairey Albacore I (March 1941 – August 1943)
 Fairey Barracuda Mk II (December 1943 - January 1945)
 Fairey Barracuda Mk II (ASH) (April 1945 – August 1945)

References

Citations

Bibliography 

Military units and formations established in 1941
800 series Fleet Air Arm squadrons
Air squadrons of the Royal Navy in World War II
Flexaret. Flexaret is a brand of cameras manufactured from 1939 to 1970 in Czechoslovakia by the company Meopta. All models of Flexaret are twin-lens reflex cameras with aluminum body, taking square "6×6" format photographs on a 120 roll film. Some models were also capable of using 35 mm film with the help of a special adapter.

History 
In 1939, the company Optikotechna bought a factory producing photographic equipment in Přerov. Optikotechna initially developed and improved older models (known as Autoflex and Flexette). The development of a new camera called Flexaret started in the post-World War II years in the Meopta company, founded in 1946. The camera was intended rather for amateur photography; the handling was easy and technical parameters were simple. The Flexaret rapidly became popular in Czechoslovak households and its popularity lasted until the 1960s. However, the strategy of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance among communist states demanded subordination of national interests to the central planning process dictated by the Soviet Union. The tradition and competition were suppressed by political interests.  The last cameras were produced after the 1968 Soviet invasion and in 1970 when the production was  cancelled due to lack of parts from East Germany, after which the brand was replaced by the inferior Soviet Lubitel camera line.

The Czech photographer Jan Saudek called Flexaret "our [Czech] national pride".

References

Literature 
 Einhorn, Erich: Fotografujeme zrcadlovkou Flexaret, Prague: SNTL, 1960 
 Einhorn, Erich: Flexaret v praxi: Příručka o jeho obsluze a příslušenství i o možnostech jeho využití v jednotlivých oborech fotografické práce, Prague: SNTL, 1968

External links 

 Flexaret - Fotografovani.cz
 Flexaret - Paladix.cz
 České fotoaparáty - Vratislav Noha collection

120 film cameras
Twin-lens reflex cameras
Fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey. Fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey or more formally 50 works in 50 years is a list published  in 2005 by the Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers about fifty prestigious projects of the civil engineering in Turkey. The list has five subsections about regional development, general purpose buildings, transportation, hydrology and industrial buildings.

Formation 
The Chamber of Civil Engineers department of the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects created the list on the 50th anniversary of the organization to enhance awareness in Turkish society about the achievements in the field of civil engineering. In line with this goal, a jury consisting of ten people from different professions, each in their field of expertise, was formed and the process of compiling, evaluating and selecting 50 works began.

On 31 August 2005, all suggestions were consolidated, a collective recommendation list was prepared and evaluation studies were started by the jury members. During the evaluations, it was adopted in principle that the works to be considered should be divided into sections of the field of expertise within the framework of the general grouping principle and that the works within the scope of all civil engineering specialization branches should be evaluated in this project.

The list

References

Civil engineering
Lists of buildings and structures in Turkey
The Queen's Award for Enterprise: Innovation (Technology) (1980). The Queen's Award for Enterprise: Innovation (Technology) (1980) was awarded on 21 April 1980, by Queen Elizabeth II.

Recipients
The following organisations were awarded this year.

  Analytical Instruments Ltd of Cambridge for explosives detecting doorway (ENTRY-SCAN).
  Cape Boards and Panels, Ltd of Uxbridge, Middlesex for asbestos-free, fire resistant boards.
  DJB Engineering Ltd of Peterlee, Co. Durham for articulated dump trucks.
 Ferranti Electronics Ltd of Chadderton, Oldham, Greater Manchester for uncommitted logic arrays for microelectronics applications.
 Matthew Hall Engineering Ltd of London, W1 for design of production facilities for Claymore " A" Platform.
 The Semiconductors Division of ITT Industries Ltd of Foots-Cray, Sidcup, Kent for random access memories.
 Linotype-Paul Ltd of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire for their digital phototypesetter.
 Lion Laboratories Ltd of Cardiff, South Glamorgan for analytical instruments using fuel cell sensors.
 Micro Consultants Ltd of Caterham, Surrey for electronic video image processing systems (INTELLECT).
 Monotype International Ltd of Salfords, Redhill, Surrey for laser-driven optical system for phototypesetting.
 Morgan Refractories Ltd of Neston, South Wirral, Cheshire for refractory protection (INSULOQ).
 National Semiconductor (UK) Ltd of Greenock, Renfrewshire for integrated circuit for Dolby " B " type noise reduction.
 Oxford Instruments Ltd of Osney Mead, Oxford for superconducting magnet systems for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
 Racal Safety Ltd of Wembley, Middlesex for ventilated helmet giving protection against nuisance dusts, combined with head and eye/face protection.
 Renishaw Electrical Ltd of Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire for  probes for use in measuring equipment and machine tools.
 Rothamsted Experimental Station of Harpenden, Hertfordshire for photostable synthetic pyrethroids.
 The Howson-Algraphy Group of Vickers Ltd of Leeds, West Yorkshire for lithographic printing.

See also
 The Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade (Export) (1980)

References

Queen's Award for Enterprise: Innovation (Technology)
1980 awards in the United Kingdom
INS Teg. INS Teg (F45) is the fourth  constructed for the Indian Navy. She was built by the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia, and was commissioned to Navy service on 27 April 2012. She is the first of the second batch of s to be completed.

Design

Teg belongs to the  of frigates. The Talwar-class guided missile frigates are modified Krivak III-class frigates built by Russia. These ships use stealth technologies and a special hull design to ensure a reduced radar cross section. Much of the equipment on the ship is Russian-made, but a significant number of systems of Indian origin have also been incorporated. The main differences between Teg and the earlier Talwar-class ships are the use of BrahMos missiles in place of the Klub-N missiles and the use of AK-630 instead of Kashtan in the earlier ships. It is the first of the three frigates built in Russia as a follow-up order to the first batch of Talwar-class frigates.

Construction
Teg was laid down on 27 July 2007 and launched on 27 November 2009. Following post-construction work, she began sea trials in the Baltic Sea on 1 September 2011. During Tegs sea trials in mid-October, her port-side turbine was damaged, forcing a two-week delay in her trials schedule while repairs were made. Teg completed her sea trials in early December 2011, leaving only acceptance trials before her delivery to the Indian Navy in April 2012. These trials were completed in early February 2012.

Service 
INS Teg was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 27 April 2012, at the Yantar shipyard at Kaliningrad in Russia. She was commissioned by Vice Admiral KN Sushil, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Naval Command with Captain Rakesh Kumar Dahiya serving as her first commanding officer.

On 17th July 2024, INS Teg was deployed along with an P-8I maritime surveillance aircraft to assist in search and rescue operations after a Comoros-flagged oil tanker MV Prestige Falcon capsized off the coast of Oman while heading towards port of Aden, Yemen. The crew included 3 Sri Lankans and 13 Indians and were reported missing. The oil tanker capsized while INS Teg was deployed in the vicinity. It received orders on July 15th and proceeded for the Search and Rescue mission along with the Royal Navy of Oman. 

As of 18th July 2024, INS Teg rescued 8 Indians and one Lankan, while one was confirmed dead who was later confirmed to be an Indian national. The search for other crew members of the capsized ship is on. The capsized ship was submerged and inverted. The Indians who were rescued have returned safely and are under care.

References

Talwar-class frigates
Frigates of the Indian Navy
2009 ships
INS Tarkash. INS Tarkash (F50) is the second  constructed for the Indian Navy. She is part of the second batch of Talwar-class frigates ordered by the Indian Navy. She was built at the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia. She was commissioned to Navy service on 9 November 2012 at Kaliningrad and joined the Western Naval Command on 27 December 2012.

Design

Tarkash belongs to the second flight (F45, F50, F51) of Talwar class of guided missile frigates. These are modified Krivak III-class frigates built by Russia. These ships use stealth technologies and a special hull design to ensure a reduced radar cross section. Much of the equipment on the ship is Russian-made, but a significant number of systems of Indian origin have also been incorporated. The main difference between Tarkash and the earlier flight of Talwar-class ships (F40, F43, F44) is the use of BrahMos missiles in place of the Klub-N missiles in the earlier ships. It is the second of the three frigates built in Russia as a follow-up order to the first batch of Talwar-class frigates.

Construction

Tarkash was launched on 23 June 2010 at Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia. Her delivery was delayed from the original goal of October 2011 due to labour shortages and delays in equipment deliveries. She departed the Yantar shipyard on 24 May 2012 to begin her sea trials. The sea trials were successfully completed in the month of August 2012.

On 9 November 2012, Tarkash was handed over to the Indian Navy by Yantar Shipyard. She joined the Western Naval Command on 27 December 2012.

Operations

Operation Raahat

In March 2015, Tarkash was deployed with  and  as part of Operation Raahat to provide protection and support to Indian ships and aircraft involved in the evacuation of Indian citizens from Yemen during the military intervention.

2023-24 Anti Piracy Operations

On 14 March, INS Tarkash intercepted the hijacked Bangladeshi MV Abdullah and ensured the safety of the crew members onboard. Maritime Patrol Aircraft P-8I is being used in this operation. The operation was carried out 600 nm east of Somalia coast. The warship is maintaining close vicinity with the merchant vessel.

Gallery

References

External links

Talwar-class frigates
Frigates of the Indian Navy
2010 ships
INS Trikand. INS Trikand (F51) is a  of the Indian Navy. She is the third and final ship of the second batch of Talwar-class frigates ordered by the Indian Navy. She was built by the Yantar shipyard in Kaliningrad, Russia. She was commissioned to Indian Navy service on 29 June 2013.

Design

Trikand belongs to the  of guided missile frigates. These are modified Krivak III-class frigates built by Russia. These ships use stealth technologies and a special hull design to ensure a reduced radar cross section. Much of the equipment on the ship is Russian-made, but a significant number of systems of Indian origin have also been incorporated. The main difference between the second batch and the first three Talwar-class ships is the use of BrahMos missiles in place of the Klub-N missiles in the earlier ships. She is the last of the three frigates built in Russia as a follow-up order to the first batch of Talwar-class frigates.

Construction
Trikand was laid down on 11 June 2008. She was launched on 27 May 2011 by Ira Malhotra, the wife of the Indian Ambassador to Russia, Ajai Malhotra. Delivery was delayed from the original goal of April 2012 due to labour shortages and supply chain issues.

She was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 29 June 2013 by Vice Admiral R K Dhowan, Vice Chief of Naval Staff, in a ceremony held at Kaliningrad. Captain Ajay Kochhar was the commissioning commanding officer of INS Trikand. She joined join the Western Fleet of the Indian Navy.In 2016 the ship won award of Unit Citation 2016 and after that in march 2017 the Ship won Best Ship 2016-17 award under the command of Captain Arjun dev nair

Service history

Gallery

See also
Operation Sankalp

References

External links 
Talwar (Krivak III) Class - Bharat Rakshak 

Talwar-class frigates
Frigates of the Indian Navy
2011 ships
Ships built at Yantar Shipyard
Mechanical testing. Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
 those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
 those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc.

Mechanical testing of materials 

There exists a large number of tests, many of which are standardized, to determine the various mechanical properties of materials. In general, such tests set out to obtain geometry-independent properties; i.e. those intrinsic to the bulk material. In practice this is not always feasible, since even in tensile tests, certain properties can be influenced by specimen size and/or geometry. Here is a listing of some of the most common tests:

Hardness Testing
Vickers hardness test (HV), which has one of the widest scales
Brinell hardness test (HB)
Knoop hardness test (HK), for measurement over small areas
Janka hardness test, for wood
Meyer hardness test
Rockwell hardness test (HR), principally used in the USA
Shore durometer hardness, used for polymers
Barcol hardness test, for composite materials
Tensile testing, used to obtain the stress-strain curve for a material, and from there, properties such as Young modulus, yield (or proof) stress, tensile stress and % elongation to failure.
Impact testing
Izod test
Charpy test
Fracture toughness testing
Linear-elastic (KIc)
K–R curve
Elastic plastic (JIc, CTOD)
Creep Testing, for the mechanical behaviour of materials at high temperatures (relative to their melting point)
Fatigue Testing, for the behaviour of materials under cyclic loading
Load-controlled smooth specimen tests
Strain-controlled smooth specimen tests
Fatigue crack growth testing
Non-Destructive Testing

References

General references 

Materials science
Materials testing
Tests