omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic. CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic is a publication on bicycle transportation planning and engineering in the Netherlands. It is published by CROW, a non-profit agency advising Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management formerly Ministry of Transport and Water Management (Netherlands). It is the most influential bicycle traffic planning manual, both worldwide and on cycling in the Netherlands. It was last updated in 2016. It is considered best practice in the Netherlands.

History
First published in the 1970s, it was most recently revised and published including in English, in 2016.

See also
Bikeway controversies
Bikeway safety

References

External links

CROW Platform - CROW publications in English

Bicycle transportation planning
Cycling infrastructure in the Netherlands
Kharkiv KhAI-4. The Kharkiv KhAI-4 was an experimental Soviet tailless aircraft tested in 1934. It only made three flights before being grounded as dangerous.

Design and development
The KhAI-4 was the Kharkov Institute's first tailless design, making its first flight two years before the Kharkov KhAI-3. It was an all-wood machine.

It was rather similar in layout to the powered version of the Lippisch Delta 1, first flown three years earlier in 1931, and had similar dimensions but a much more powerful engine. Its low-mounted wing was tetragonal in plan, with sweep (15°) only on the leading edges. Wing tip fins, which had a blunted triangular profile, carried slightly more rounded rudders. Ailerons occupied the outer 65% of each wing, with the rest filled with an elevon. The controls were essentially conventional, with rudder pedals and a wheel for the ailerons which, when pushed or pulled moved the elevons together to change pitch.

Its fuselage was short but deep, with an enclosed cabin over the leading edge holding two seats in tandem. A Shvetsov M-11 radial engine, working in pusher configuration, was mounted high on the rear fuselage with its five cylinders exposed for cooling. Under the engine the fuselage was cut away.

The KhAI-4 had a conventional fixed undercarriage, though the need for propeller ground clearance required a long tailwheel leg, producing a low ground angle of attack.

Operational history
The first flight was piloted by B.N. Kudrin, who found insufficient elevon authority to lift the nose for take-off until he reached , the design maximum airspeed. Pitch instability dominated the rest of the flight, though he landed successfully. Two more flights were made before the KhAI-4 was grounded as dangerous.

Specifications

References

Tailless aircraft
Kharkiv Aviation Institute aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
1930s Soviet experimental aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Polyvinyl ester. Polyvinyl esters are a group of thermoplastic vinyl polymers. The most important examples of this group are polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and polyvinyl propionate.

Production 
The radical polymerization of vinyl ester 1 (e.g. in case of vinyl acetate; R = CH3) yields polyvinyl ester 2:

Use 
The transparent polymers are used for the production of lacquers and as adhesives. The hydrolytic cleavage of the ester bonds of vinyl acetate is of industrial significance.

References 

Thermoplastics
Aqushela. Aqushela is a typical over-dimensioned reservoir located in the Tanqwa-Abergele woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1999 by the Relief Society of Tigray.

Dam characteristics 
 Dam height: 11.5 metres
 Dam crest length: 456 metres
 Spillway width: 16 metres

Capacity 
 Original capacity: 810 000 m³
 Dead storage: 121 500 m³
 Reservoir area: 20.5 ha
These are the design values. In practice, the runoff from the catchment is largely insufficient to fill the reservoir, which serves only as shallow drinking pond for livestock.

Irrigation 
 Designed irrigated area: 50 ha
 Actual irrigated area in 2002: 0 ha

Environment 
The catchment of the reservoir is 13.5 km² large. The lithology of the catchment is Precambrian metamorphic rock. Land use is strongly dependent on lithology: soils on metamorphic black limestone are used for cropping, while those on the schist and slate formations are under savannah woodland. Lands on the green-reddish-gray metamorphic banded marl formation are used for settlements. Most common soil types are:
 in the metamorphic black limestone formation: Endoleptic Calcisol at the upper slope (plateau); Endoleptic Cambisol and Vertic Leptosol at the middle slope; Hypercalcic Calcisol at the footslopes and Grumic Vertisol at the lower slopes
 in the schist and slate formations: Leptosol both at the upper slope and at the foot slope positions; Regosol (Calcaric) over Hypercalcic Calcisol at the mid slope position and Fluvisol at the valley bottom
 in the green-reddish-gray metamorphosed banded marl: Leptic Calcisol at the upper slope, Haplic Calcisol at the foot slope, and Fluvisol at the valley bottom

References 

Reservoirs in Ethiopia
1999 establishments in Ethiopia
Tigray Region
Arato. Arato is a reservoir located in the Inderta woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1997 by SAERT.

Dam characteristics 
 Dam height: 20 metres
 Dam crest length: 443 metres
 Spillway width: 20 metres

Capacity 
 Original capacity: 2 590 000 m³
 Dead storage: 647 698 m³
 Reservoir area: 40 ha

Irrigation 
 Designed irrigated area: 120 ha
 Actual irrigated area in 2002: 27 ha

Environment 
The catchment of the reservoir is  large, with a perimeter of  and a length of . The reservoir suffers from rapid siltation. The lithology of the catchment is Antalo Limestone and Mekelle Dolerite. Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through seepage; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to groundwater recharge.

References 

Reservoirs in Ethiopia
1997 establishments in Ethiopia
Tigray Region
Frank F. Fang. Frank F. Fang (born 11 September 1930 in Beijing) is a Chinese-American solid-state physicist. He was part of the team that succeeded in 1966 in the detection of a two-dimensional electron gas and its quantum properties in semiconductors.

Education and career 
Fang studied at the National Taiwan University with a bachelor's degree in 1951 and the University of Notre Dame with a master's degree in 1954. In 1959 he received his doctorate in electrical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 1959/60 he worked for Boeing and from 1960 he did research at  IBM.

John Robert Schrieffer had predicted 1956 quantum effects in electron transport due to the two-dimensional geometry in metal-insulator-semiconductor structure (MIS). The detection was first successfully achieved by the team of Fang, Alan B. Fowler, Phillip J. Stiles and Webster Eugene Howard at IBM in 1966 by applying strong magnetic fields.

In 1982 Fang was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 1984 he was elected an IEEE Fellow for "the discovery and explanation of two-dimensional properties of silicon inversion layers and for contributions to semiconductor device research."

In 1981, he received the Wetherill Medal from the Franklin Institute with Fowler, Howard, Stiles and  Frank Stern; Stern and Howard gave the theoretical explanation of the 1966 experiment. In 1988 Fang received with Alan B. Fowler and Phillip J. Stiles the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize.

Selected publications

References

1930 births
Living people
National Taiwan University alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the IEEE
Physicists from Beijing
20th-century American physicists
Taiwanese people from Beijing
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners
Sigbritt Karlsson. Sigbritt Karlsson (31 January 1958 – 28 October 2023) was a Swedish chemical engineer and president of KTH Royal Institute of Technology between November 2016 and November 2022.

Karlsson earned a master of science in chemical engineering with a specialization in biotechnology from KTH.  She subsequently completed a PhD in polymer technology.

From 1996 to 2004 Karlsson worked as Director of Studies at KTH.  Between 2008 and 2010 she was Vice Dean with responsibility for strategic education issues.

Karlsson was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Skövde 2010–2016. On November 12, 2016, she became the 19th President of KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

References 

1958 births
2023 deaths
Swedish chemical engineers
Women chemical engineers
21st-century Swedish chemists
Women heads of universities and colleges
Rectors of KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Swedish women engineers
20th-century Swedish women engineers
21st-century Swedish women engineers
20th-century Swedish engineers
21st-century Swedish engineers
Automobile Welt Eisenach. Automobile Welt Eisenach is a car museum located in the old East German town of Eisenach adjacent to the banks of the Hörsel river. It is situated on the old Automobilwerk Eisenach factory site, one of the world's oldest, and opened as a museum in 2005 utilising building O2 from 1935.

Exhibits

The museum chronicles the history of car manufacturing in Eisenach from 1899, through the Dixi and BMW pre-war years, and the development of the German Democratic Republic car industry with EMW, IFA and Wartburg, and the post-unification Opel models.

References

External links

Automobile museums in Germany
Museums in Thuringia
Buildings and structures in Eisenach
Museums established in 2005
2005 establishments in Germany
Gen Shirane. Gen Shirane (kanji: 白根 元 Shirane Gen; furigana: しらね げん; May 15, 1924 in Nishinomiya, Japan – 16 January 16, 2005 in Bellport, New York) was a Japanese-American experimental solid-state physicist, known for his investigations using neutron scattering as a probe of solids. He lived most of his life in the USA.

Biography
At the University of Tokyo, Shirane received his BE in engineering physics in 1944 and his DSc in physics in 1947 with a thesis on ferroelectrics. He was from 1948 to 1952 a research associate in physics at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. At Pennsylvania State University he was from 1952 to 1955 a research associate and from 1955 to 1956 an assistant professor of physics. From 1956 to 1957 he was an associate physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory. At Westinghouse Research Laboratories in Pittsburgh, he was from 1957 to 1958 a research physicist and from 1959 to 1963 an advising physicist. At Brookhaven National Laboratory he was from 1963 to 1968 a physicist and from 1968 to 2005 a senior physicist.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Shirane with co-workers confirmed the soft mode theory of P. W. Anderson and W. Cochran and discovered new features of structural phase transitions beyond the soft mode theory.

Shirane was a leading international authority on neutron spectroscopy in solid-state physics, including magnetic materials and high-Tc superconductivity. He trained many younger physicists in neutron scattering and effectively promoted collaborations between Japan and the USA. He was the author or co-author of over 750 scientific publications with nearly 40,000 citations by the year of his death. His h-index was 103.

Awards and honors
 1973 — Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, American Physical Society
 1973 — Warren Award of the American Crystallographic Association
 1989 — Member of the National Academy of Sciences
 1989 — DOE Award for Outstanding Scientific Accomplishment in Solid State Physics
 1991 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 2003 — Award for Outstanding Accomplishment, Japanese Society for Neutron Science

Selected publications
 with Franco Jona: ; Dover reprint, 1993
 with Stephen M. Shapiro and John M. Tranquada:

References

External links
  (with list of publications)

1924 births
2005 deaths
People from Nishinomiya
University of Tokyo alumni
Japanese physicists
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners
Japanese emigrants to the United States
American people of Japanese descent
Kenneth D Harris. Kenneth D. Harris is a neuroscientist at University College London. He is most known for his contributions to the understanding of the neural code used by vast populations of neurons. Among his discoveries is the finding that populations in sensory areas of the brain also code for body movements. Harris has contributed to the development of silicon probes and most recently of Neuropixels probes. With these probes, he and his team discovered that engagement in a task activates neurons throughout the brain.

Harris obtained his PhD from UCL in the laboratory of Michael Recce, and did his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University in the laboratory of Gyorgy Buzsaki. He is a Professor of Quantitative Neuroscience at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, where he co-directs the Cortical Processing Laboratory with Matteo Carandini. Harris is a founding member of the International Brain Laboratory.

References 

English neuroscientists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academics of University College London
Electrification and controls technology. Electrification and controls technology are devices that control, service and enhance productivity of industrial handling. Controls interface with hardware such as receivers, cranes and hoists, through a network in order to ensure that equipment operates safely and effectively. Almost every business, including the food, chemical, and automobile industries, uses controls. Some examples of these gadgets are:

 Remote controls
 Festooning
 Drives
 Motors
 Conductor bars
 Anti-collision devices
 Weighing devices
 Brakes
 Resistors
 Cabling

Industry definitions 
Conductor bar: Insulated energized rails that safely provide power, control and data to moving equipment from a fixed source, much like electric rails on a model train.

Festoon system: A cable management system of rolling trolleys that properly support power, control and data cables to moving equipment from a fixed source.

Cable reel: A cable management device designed to spool and store electrical power, control or data cable, as the equipment moves along its path of motion.

Variable-frequency drive: A type of static controller that safely drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage the motor is supplied. This device minimizes the wear and tear of the mechanical system while allowing precise control and maximizing operator safety.

Radio remote control: Allows an operator to control different types of moving equipment and cranes, meanwhile, providing the operator the best vantage point to the load or operation and physical position for a safe working area.

Load brake: A device used to safely stop linear or rotating motion of equipment through the use of power or friction.

References

Electrification
Control engineering
Technivorm. Technivorm is a family-owned Dutch manufacturer founded by Gerard-Clement Smit in Amerongen, The Netherlands. It produces Moccamaster, a drip coffee maker designed in 1968 and first released in 1969. In 2017, the 10-millionth Moccamaster was sold. As of 2019, Technivorm and Moccamaster have approximately 200 employees.  

All Moccamaster coffee machines are made in Amerongen, The Netherlands.

Moccamaster 

The Moccamaster KBG 741 AO has 137 parts. This includes a water reservoir that drips into a heater located in the base, and when the water reaches the boiling point of , it bubbles up through a tube in the center of the reservoir. This delivers the hot water to a cone-shaped coffee grind holder, which drips into a carafe at , considered an optimal temperature range. In premium models while the coffee enters the carafe, it passes through a destratification tube. The tube delivers the liquid coffee to the bottom of the carafe, so that weaker coffee (what is dripped through the beans at the end) is distributed evenly with the stronger coffee (that is pumped through the coffee first).

The visual design of the Moccamaster is distinct and is sold through the store at the Museum of Modern Art's Design Store in New York City. In media, Good Morning America listed it as the number-one desired wedding gift among staff members polled. The Specialty Coffee Association includes several Moccamaster models in its Certified Home Brewer Program.

A Consumer Reports review determined that the coffee taste is high-quality, yet the process of brewing it is complex and does not justify its high-ticket price. Other reviews mention that the Moccamaster's plastic parts are not durable, while other reviews refer to the machine as "the holy grail of coffee makers."

References

External links

Technivorm Cup-One Coffee Maker Review

Companies based in Utrecht (province) 
Coffee appliance vendors
Home appliance manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1964
Dutch brands
Irith Pomeranz. Irith Pomeranz () is an Israeli electrical engineer known for her research in circuit testing and fault tolerance. She is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University and a Fellow of the IEEE.

As of 2019, her current research includes: Test generation, design for testability, built in self test and diagnosis of integrated circuits.

Education and career
Pomeranz is a 1985 graduate of the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and completed her doctorate in 1989 at the Technion. Her dissertation, Fault Detection in Digital Circuits, was supervised by Zvi Kohavi.

After completing her doctorate, she became a lecturer at the Technion, and then in 1990 an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Iowa. She was promoted to full professor in 1998 and moved to Purdue in 2000.

Recognition
In 1999, Pomeranz was elected as a Fellow of the IEEE "for contributions to the area of test generation for digital logic circuits". 
In 2016, the International Test Conference selected one of her papers, "Preferred Fill:  A Scalable Method to Reduce Capture Power for Scan Based Design", as "the most significant paper published ten years before".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Israeli electrical engineers
Israeli women engineers
American electrical engineers
American women engineers
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
University of Iowa faculty
Purdue University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
American women academics
21st-century American women
Hobie 17. The Hobie 17 is an American catamaran that was designed by John Wake as a single-handed racer and first built in 1985.

The design was accepted as an International Sailing Federation International class in 1990.

Production
The design was built by Hobie Cat in the United States from 1985 until 2004–2005, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hobie 17 is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of polyester fiberglass with a foam sandwich core. It has a catboat rig or optional sloop rig, with a rotating mast. The dual hulls each have nearly plumb stems, vertical transoms, transom-hung rudders controlled by a  tiller and retractable centerboards. The boat initially was designed to displace  and can be equipped with a trapeze.

The design has a draft of  with the centerboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat has a beam of , but can be equipped with hiking/trapezing "wings", giving a beam of .

Early versions were delivered at the  weight, but suffered durability issues and the hulls were thickened, giving a weight of .

Variants
Hobie 17
The base model is cat rigged and designed to be sailed by one person. The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 74.0.
Hobie 17 Sport
This model has a jib and a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 74.5.

Operational history
Upon introduction the boat immediately became a commercial success and racing fleets were quickly started in North America, Europe and Australia.

The International Hobie Class Association describes the boat's sailing characteristics: "the 17 is a heavy air machine. The added leverage of the wings for trapezing makes the 17 go upwind like no other catamaran, and the main is easily depowered with a 6:1 downhaul, the mast rotator, 2:1 outhaul and a 7:1 mainsheet. Downwind, the boat is pitchpole resistant (not “proof”) and a bit underpowered, which makes working the waves a high priority. Downwind, the boat is sailed at 90° to the apparent wind. The 17 is uncomfortable to race in under 7 knots of breeze, since most of the time you'll be sitting on the forward wing tube. Weight is kept as far forward as possible while keeping the bow tips out of waves and to keep from pitchpoling. In very light air downwind, racers will often stand out on the bow, holding on to the bridle wire to keep the sterns out of the water. Raising the windward rudder downwind is a common practice."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
 Catalina Catamaran
 Nacra 5.2

References

External links

Official support webpage

Catamarans
Dinghies
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by John Wake
Sailboat types built by Hobie Cat
Tert-Butyl hypochlorite. tert-Butyl hypochlorite is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COCl. A yellow liquid, it is a rare example of an organic hypochlorite, i.e. a compound with an O-Cl bond. It is a reactive material that is useful for chlorinations.  It can be viewed as a lipophilic version of sodium hypochlorite (bleach).

Synthesis and reactions
It is produced by chlorination of tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of base:

tert-Butyl hypochlorite is useful in the preparation of organic chloramines:
R2NH + t-BuOCl → R2NCl + t-BuOH

References

Hypochlorite esters
Tert-Butyl esters
Eva Regnier. Eva Dorothy Regnier (born 1971) is a decision scientist whose research concerns the interaction between human decision-making and environmental prediction. She is a professor of decision science in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy of the Naval Postgraduate School.

Education and career
Regnier graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992 with a bachelor's degree in environmental engineering science. After working from 1993 to 1996 in industry as an environmental engineer, she went to the Georgia Institute of Technology for a master's degree in operations research in 1999 and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering in 2001.
Her dissertation, Discounted Cash Flow Methods and Environmental Decisions, was supervised by Craig Tovey.

She joined the Defense Resources Management Institute of the Naval Postgraduate School in 2001, moved to the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy in 2017, and was promoted to full professor in 2019.

Regnier was president of the INFORMS Forum on Women in Operations Research and Management Science for 2011.

Contributions
Regnier has published well-cited works on volatility in energy markets and on decision-making for evacuations based on hurricane predictions. Other topics in her research include correlations between pirate activity and predicted changes in climate and weather.
Her work on hurricane evacuation was a finalist for the INFORMS Junior Faculty Forum award, and her work developing a tool to simulate the hurricane decision-making process was a finalist in the INFORMS MSOM Practice Based Research Competition. She received the INFORMS Decision Analysis Society Publication Award for her work on probability forecasting.

Selected publications

References

External links
Home page

1971 births
Living people
American industrial engineers
American women engineers
Operations researchers
Environmental engineers
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Naval Postgraduate School faculty
American women academics
21st-century American women