omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MV Sea Change. MV Sea Change is the first hydrogen fuel cell vessel in the United States and the first commercial fuel cell ferry in the world.

Background 
The ferry's development and construction served as a model for how marine hydrogen fuel cell technology with zero emissions may be commercialised. The development of the project began in 2018 and the ferry was delivered in August 2021. San Francisco Bay Ferry, which runs 16 vessels to Californian communities like Oakland, Richmond, and Vallejo, will run the ferry. To expedite the decarbonization and energy transition of the US maritime industry, the first fleet of entirely zero-carbon marine vessels is being built using private financing from SWITCH, an impact investing platform. Zero Emission Industries (previously Golden Gate Zero Emission Marine) supplied the hydrogen fuel cell power package for the vessel, which consists of 246 kg of Hexagon hydrogen storage tanks and 360 kW of Cummins fuel cells. Two 300 kW electric propulsion systems from BAE Systems and a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery from XALT are combined into this system. With zero emissions and reduced maintenance, the hydrogen fuel cell powertrain system offers the same operational flexibility as diesel. The ferry generates electricity from hydrogen fuel cells to run electric motors for up to 300 nautical miles at a speed of 15 knots. Other advantages include extremely little vibration and noise and no exhaust smoke. With the exception of pure water vapour emissions, this technology enables future ferries to function on par with diesel-powered ships without requiring the installation of substantial onshore battery charging infrastructure. The Hornblower Group is in charge of managing and supervising the construction, while Incat Crowther is the source of the vessel design. 

A $3 million grant from the California Air Resources Board (CARB), which is managed by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), is one of the major municipal supports for this project. The initiative is part of California Climate Investments, a statewide programme that uses billions of Cap-and-Trade dollars to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, boost the state's economy, and enhance public health and the environment, especially in underprivileged areas. Furthermore, the project was granted the first-ever loan guarantee under the Climate Tech Finance programme of BAAQMD, which aims to accelerate the development of innovative climate technologies in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The Climate Tech Finance team undertook a technology qualifying and greenhouse gas study in collaboration with the California Infrastructure Economic Development Bank and the Northern California Financial Development Corporation (NorCal FDC), which determined that SWITCH qualified for a loan guarantee. With the help of this loan guarantee, SWITCH was able to get a $5 million construction and term loan from KeyBank, allowing it to finish this project.

References

Hydrogen ships
Shizhang Qiao. Shizhang Qiao  is an Australian researcher, material scientist, and chair professor at the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide. He specialises in nanostructured materials for electrocatalysis, batteries, and photocatalysis.

He was the 2021 recipient of the SA Scientist of the Year for energy conversion and storage technologies. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2023, alongside Professor Zaiping Guo and Tim Brodribb.

Education and career
Shizhang was educated at Tianjin University of Science and Technology, where he obtained a Bachelor of Science and a Master's Degree. He holds a doctorate degree (Ph.D.) from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He is an Australian Laureate Fellow and the Editor-in-Chief of the Royal Society of Chemistry's EES Catalysis Journal, the Journal of Energy and Environmental Catalysis. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers and a Thomson Reuters and Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher.

Shizhang is one of the most cited Australian researcher. His research has been cited 119,289 times, with an h-index of 117 and an i10-index of 481. His work on the "design of electrocatalysts for oxygen-and hydrogen-involving energy conversion reactions" and "Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets" are his most cited works with a citation of 4392 and 4242 respectively.

References

Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Academic staff of the University of Adelaide
OTV-7. Orbital Test Vehicle 7 (OTV-7), also referred to as United States Space Force-52 (USSF-52) or USA-349, is the fourth flight of the second Boeing X-37B, an American unmanned vertical-takeoff, horizontal-landing spaceplane. It was launched to a highly elliptical high Earth orbit aboard a Falcon Heavy rocket (for the first time) from LC-39A on 28 December 2023.

The spaceplane is operated by the Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office and United States Space Force, which considers the mission classified and as such has not revealed the objectives. The spaceplane was sent to orbit with a wide range of test and experimentation objectives. These tests include operating in new orbital regimes, experimenting with space domain awareness technologies and investigating the radiation effects to materials provided by NASA.

Background and mission
OTV-7 is the fourth mission for the second X-37B built, and the seventh X-37B mission overall. It was flown on a Falcon Heavy in the expendable center core-recoverable side cores configuration, and launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A. It is the second classified flight of Falcon Heavy, awarded in June 2018. It is valued at US$130 million, increased to $149.2 million in August 2021, due to "a change in the contract requirements" and was expected to be completed by 14 April 2022. Draft solicitation said the launch was  to GTO. A month before launch, the Air Force announced that the mission would fly an X-37B spaceplane.

OTV-7 was deployed into a highly elliptical HEO orbit of  x  x 59.1° orbit.

In Oct 2024, OTV-7 was due to undertake aerobraking maneuvers to safely dispose of its service module.

Payloads and experiments
Onboard experiments include NASA's Seeds-2 experiment investigating the effects of space-based radiation on plant seeds during a long-duration spaceflight.

See also
 OTV-1
 OTV-2
OTV-3
OTV-4
OTV-5
 OTV-6

References

Boeing X-37
December 2023 in the United States
Spacecraft launched in 2023
USA satellites
United States Space Force
IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE. It was co-founded in 2017 by IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. The journal covers the advances in biomedical applications of radio-frequency and microwave engineering. Its editor-in-chief is Y. X. Guo (National University of Singapore).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.2.

References

External links
 

Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, IEEE Journal on
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 2017
Quarterly journals
Electronics journals
Electromagnetism journals
Biomedical engineering journals
Biophysics journals
Vacuum (journal). Vacuum is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Elsevier. Founded in 1951, the journal covers the fundamental research and technical advances in vacuum engineering, materials science and surface science. Its editor-in-chief is Lars Hultman (Linköping University).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 3.8.

References

External links
 
Vacuum
Elsevier academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1951
Quarterly journals
Plasma science journals
Attalus (UAV). The Attalus is an anti-tank loitering munition developed and produced by Intracom Defense for the Ministry of National Defence (Greece). It was revealed at DEFEA 2023 in Athens.

According to the manufacturer, the Attalus is powered by an electric motor which gives an endurance of forty-two minutes or a range of 50km.

It is armed with a high-explosive anti-tank warhead which can penetrate 400mm of rolled homogeneous armour. 

The structure is made of composite materials to keep the weight down to . It is also modular so that the Attalus can adapt to several environments. The wings are detachable which allows for easy transportation.

References 

Greek military aircraft
Loitering munition
Janet Perna. Janet Perna is a computer scientist known for her work in coordinating IBM's work in the field of databases.

Education and career 
Perna grew up in Poughkeepsie, New York. She graduated with a degree in mathematics from SUNY Oneonta in 1970, and started teaching mathematics. In 1974 she moved to California and got a job at IBM as a programmer. She worked first in San Jose, and then moved to IBM's Santa Teresa Laboratory. She later moved to the data management division, and then the information management group. Projects she worked on included preparing the IBM Db2 for public release, and encouraging IBM's 2001 purchase of the database company Informix Corporation. Janet Perna was recognized as an industry leader for her contributions to IBM’s data management business. She played a crucial role in expanding IBM's data management into new, lucrative areas and setting industry standards. By 2001 she was the most senior female executive at IBM.

After 31 years at IBM, she decided to retire in 2006.

Honors and Awards 
During her time at IBM, Janet was inducted into the Women In Technology International Hall of Fame, was recognized by Information Week as one of the nation's "Top 10 Women in IT," and included among the thinkers and innovators on Sm@rt Partner's list of "50 Smartest People".

Perna received an honorary degree from State University of New York at Oneonta in 2012.

In 2018, SUNY Oneota re-named a building the "Janet R. Perna Science Building".

In addition to these honors, Janet Perna has been recognized for her leadership in database management at IBM. She was named one of the “Top 50 Women to Watch” by Women in Technology International and received the "Leadership Award" from Computerworld. Additionally, eWeek awarded her the "Top 100 Most Influential People in IT" recognition. Her contributions were pivotal in IBM’s acquisition of Informix Corporation, further cementing her legacy in the tech industry.

References

External links

Living people
Computer scientists
IBM employees
State University of New York at Oneonta alumni
Business executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
SS Emile Berliner. SS Emile Berliner (HIN 2139) was a World War II American Liberty ship which assisted the transport of group materials used by the United States Army Air Forces' 509th Composite Group during Operation Alberta in Tinian, Northern Marianas.

Constructed for the WSA at the Permanente Metals Corporation, Emile Berliner was delivered to the United Fruits Company for use as a freighter.

Naming 
The Liberty ship was named after German-American inventor Emile Berliner, who was noted for contributions towards the gramophone.

Construction 
The ship's keel was laid down on 6 August 1943 and the ship was launched on 28 August 1943. Emile Berliner possessed engines manufactured by Willamette Iron & Steel Corporation; construction was completed in Permanente Metal Corporation's Richmond #2 shipyard.

Post-war service 
On 17 June 1946, Emile Berliner entered the James River, Reserve Fleet. In 1947, she was privately sold to Helsingfors Steamship Co., Ltd., renamed Frostvik and re-launched with the Finnish flag. A number of sales followed:

 Rederibolaget Re-Be (1950) - as Arneta 
 FinlandBensow O/Y. A/B Wilh (1956) - as Arneta 
 Paulin A/B Chartering O/Y & Co. (1963) - as Susan Paulin 
 Astrorico Cia. Nav., S.A. (1965) - Kyra  

Kyra was delivered to Bilbao, Spain for scrapping on 12 May 1969.

References 

Cargo ships of the United States
Liberty ships
Desmet (technologies company). Desmet is a multinational corporation founded in 1946 that provides custom-engineered plants and equipment which transform oilseeds, grains and tropical oils into protein feed/food, edible oils/fats, oleochemicals and biofuel.

Desmet owns 3 brands: Desmet, oilseed and biofuel technologies, RoseDowns, oilseed and rendering presses, and Stolz, grain handling and feed and food milling machinery.

History 
Desmet was founded in 1946 by engineer Jean-Albert De Smet, Who was at that time the director at the Antwerp Oil Mill and decided to start his own engineering company for the commercialization of his invention. Extraction De Smet was founded, and the offices were located in Edegem (near Antwerp) in Belgium.

Extraction De Smet expanded its portfolio of technologies for oils & fats processing: preparation and extraction (1946), oil refining (1963), grain handling and feed milling (1975 – co-operation with Stolz), fat modification (1983). Also during this period, there was an international expansion with the opening of engineering offices in Spain (1966), Mexico (1969), Argentina (1969), Brazil (1970), Malaysia (1978), US (1979), Singapore (1980) and India (1984).

In 1988, RoseDowns, a UK company founded in 1777, specialized in design and manufacturing of continuous oilseed presses, became part of "Desmet". Rosedowns is still located in Kingston upon Hull.

In December 2004, De Smet Technologies and Services and the Italian technology provider Ballestra, which specialized in technologies for detergents, surfactants, and chemicals, decided to merge the operations to work with the biodiesel market. Desmet Ballestra, the new name of the company, installed more than 120 ‘first generation’ biodiesel plants all over the world.

The company opened offices in Indonesia (2011), Morocco (2015) and Vietnam (2019). In 2020, the group acquired German company Serptec, a specialist in presses for rendering.

In the meantime, in 2012, Desmet Ballestra started the development of technologies for HVO and SAF pre-treatment plants, a second-generation biofuel for road and air transport.

However, in 2022, the private equity funds that were owners of Desmet Ballestra decided to sell the company in two parts. The company Desmet was created, which includes the activities of Desmet, RoseDowns and Stolz; while Ballestra operates as a fully separated entity.

Desmet is operating as an independent business unit of the "Food & Water Division" of the Alfa Laval Group, which owns 100% of the shares of Desmet. Also, the company is the owner of 70 patents and has 3 innovation centers located in Belgium, France, and Malaysia.

References 

Engineering companies of Belgium
Belgian companies established in 1946
Rat-hole mining. Rat-hole mining or Rat mining is a process of digging employed in North East India to extract coal, where a narrow hole is manually dug by extraction workers. The practice is banned by the National Green Tribunal; however, the techniques are still employed by artisanal mining operations in several parts of India, especially in Meghalaya.

Technique 

Rat-Hole Mining technique is a procedure of digging manually wherein the worker involved in extraction can hardly crawl in and out, as a narrow tunnel is dug 3 to 4 feet in depth. This technique is basically of two types: 
 Side cutting method which is generally followed on slopes of hills by navigating through coal seams deposited on the rock layers and visible on the outer surface of rock and generally in darkish brown or black banded. 
 box cutting method which involves digging a round shape or square shape pit with a width of 5 square metre and depth of 400 feet. The method is followed in North Eastern India to extract coal.

Bans 

As Rat-Hole Mining involves working in dangerous conditions, causing environmental damage, and causes many accidents involving death and injuries, the technique is criticised and banned in many countries. Rat-Hole Mining is banned in India by National Green Tribunal.

Notable incidents

2018 Meghalaya accident

2021 incident near Rymbai 
On 21 January 2021 six miners died in an incident in a mineshaft in an area of rat-hole mines in the East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya.

Uttarakhand rescue 

In late 2023 rat-hole miners were instrumental in the rescue of 41 workers who were trapped for 17 days after the road tunnel in Uttarakhand that they were digging collapsed.

2025 Assam incident 

In January 2025, miners became trapped underground in an illegal rat-hole mine in the Dima Hasao district of Assam, which as of 27 January 2025, has resulted in 4 deaths.

See also 

 Mining

References 

Coal mining in India
Molybdenum(II) iodide. Molybdenum(II) iodide is an iodide of molybdenum with the chemical formula MoI2.

Preparation 

Molybdenum(II) iodide can be produced by the reaction of molybdenum(II) bromide and lithium iodide:

It can also be produced by the decomposition of molybdenum(III) iodide in a vacuum at 100 °C:

Properties 
Molybdenum(II) iodide is a black solid that is stable in air. It is insoluble in polar and non-polar solvents.

References 

Molybdenum(II) compounds
Iodides
Dysprosium(II) iodide. Dysprosium(II) iodide is an iodide of dysprosium with the chemical formula DyI2.

Preparation 

Dysprosium(II) iodide can be produced by reducing dysprosium(III) iodide with metallic dysprosium under a vacuum at 800 to 900 °C:

It can also be formed by the reaction of dysprosium and mercury(II) iodide:

It can also be formed by the direct reaction of dysprosium and iodine.

Properties 

Dysprosium(II) iodide is a dark purple-black solid that is easily deliquescent and can only be stored in a dry inert gas or a vacuum. In the air, it will absorb moisture and become a hydrate, but they are unstable and will quickly convert into iodide oxides and release hydrogen gas. This process occurs faster in the presence of water. This compound has the same crystal structure as cadmium chloride. It can form complexes with tetrahydrofuran, butanol and phenol.

Uses 

The reaction between dysprosium(II) iodide and silicon tetrachloride produces trichlorosilyl radicals, which can catalyze the trimerization of alkynes.

References 

Dysprosium compounds
Iodides
Lanthanide halides
C Bounded Model Checker. In the context of computer science, the C Bounded Model Checker (CBMC) is a bounded model checker for C programs. It was the first such tool.

CBMC has participated in the Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP) in the years 2014–2022. It came in first in at least one category in 2014, 2015, and 2017.

Applications 

CBMC has been used to verify C code at Amazon Web Services. It is used as model checker in the Kani and Crust verifiers for Rust, and the JBMC bounded model checker for Java.

References

External links
 

Formal methods tools
Static program analysis tools
Software testing tools
BMS-986263. BMS-986263 is an experimental "retinoid-conjugated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA)" intended to block the synthesis of HSP47, "a collagen-specific chaperone protein involved in fibrosis development". The drug is being tested on people with serious hepatic impairment or fibrosis, including compensated cirrhosis resulting from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

References

Small interfering RNA
Drugs developed by Bristol Myers Squibb
Uni Wheel. The Uni Wheel is a novel wheel design designed by Hyundai and Kia for use in electric vehicles. It incorporates several elements of the drive train into the wheel itself using a system of planetary gears. The name is an abbreviation of Universal Wheel Drive System.

The Uni Wheel is intended to gain the advantages of individual wheel drive without having to mount the motor directly to, or inside, the wheel. Instead, it subsumes the functions of constant-velocity joints, drive shaft and reduction gearing into a single system within the wheel.

The system has a central sun gear, linked by two articulated systems of pinion gears to an enclosing ring gear. It provides both gear reduction and decoupling of the rotation axis of the wheel from the rotation axis of the motor, allowing the motor to be mounted rigidly to the chassis, with the axial loads on the wheel being taken entirely by the suspension system, and also allowing the wheel to be driven at higher speed but lower torque by a smaller-diameter drive shaft.

The increased number of gears within the wheel has been identified as a point of concern in relation to possible noise and complexity problems.

References

External links 
 Hyundai announcement of Uni Wheel

Wheels
Gears
Car layouts
Batak Hydro Power Plant. Batak Hydro Power Plant () is an active underground hydro power plant located in Batak, Bulgaria, which is a part of the Batak Hydropower Cascade.

History 
The idea for the construction of power plants along the Vacha River utilising the catchment area in the Western Rhodopes, dates back to 1920, when engineer Ivan Mavrov proposed it in his work "Archive of Water Power in Bulgaria". This idea was taken up by engineer Todor Romanov in the 1930s. The conceptual and technical design for the entire "Batak Hydropower Cascade" was developed between 1951 and 1955 in "Hydro Energy Project". The project was developed by Dimo Velev, Kiril Grigorov, Gichev and others. It included dams, equalising devices and three power plants - Batak HPP (underground), Peshtera HPP (underground) and Aleko HPP (above ground).

Batak HPP was commissioned in 1958 and was the first underground HPP in Bulgaria.

Technology 
The turbines are driven by water that comes from the Golyam Beglik dam via a pressure diversion. The dam has a circular cross-section with a diameter of 2.40 metres, a capacity of 13.6 m³/s, a length of 11.7 kilometres and a waterfall of 400 metres. The water from the Beglika and Toshkov Chark dams and the Gashna, Cherna and Byala dams flows into the diversion.

Four vertical turbo groups were installed at the Batak Power Plant. The turbines are a Pelton wheel system with two nozzles. The generators are designed for 10.5 kV. The electricity generated is exported to an above-ground 10 kV system via tunnels and bare conductor rails. The above-ground building houses the 10 and 20 kV indoor units, while the 110 kV outdoor unit, which is connected to the 110 kV power line, was built next to it. With an average annual utilisation of 2800 hours, the power plant produces an average of 109.6 GWh per year.

The power plant was completely refurbished between 2000 and 2001.

The waste water from the power plant is channelled via a 3 km long unpressurised sewer with a cross-section of 2.80 m x 2.80 m to the "Nova Mahala" collection tank, which then flows into the Batak Reservoir.

References 
Hydroelectric power stations in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Pazardzhik Province