omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Emma Taylor (engineer). Emma Taylor  is a UK-based safety engineer. She is a Lead System Safety Engineer at the UK's RSSB (Rail Safety and Standards Board). Taylor is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE), where she  acts as a CPD (Professional development) auditor and Professional Registration Interviewer. She is  a Chartered Engineer (UK), and a Fellow and Chair-Elect of the Safety and Reliability Society.

Life 
She attended the University of Aberdeen and received a MSC from their Safety Engineering program.

In the 2000s, she played a key role in the development of international standards for mitigation of orbiting space debris (space junk), representing UK industry at both European and international (ISO) level. During her 20 year career in the space industry, she also became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and published widely on space science and engineering research. She is an international lecturer on safety.

Awards 
In 2018 she was named one of The Telegraph and Women's Engineering Society's Top 50 Women in Engineering. She was nominated for Rail Safety Person of the Year in 2017. Taylor was nominated for the WISE Campaign Women in Industry Award 2018 in recognition of her 30 year engineering career in multiple sectors and her support of STEM professionals. In 2018 she was shortlisted as one of 2018's TechWomen100 and was a finalist in the 2018 Venus Awards.

In 2019 she was named one of the Top 100 Most Influential Women in Engineering by Inclusive Boards and the Financial Times.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British mechanical engineers
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps. The People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC; ), also known as the Chinese Astronaut Corps (), is a Beijing-based deputy-corps grade People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force (PLAASF) and is responsible for the selection and training of the astronaut corps for Project 921, the Chinese manned space program.

History 
In October 1992, a Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense-PLAAF joint task force started the preliminary selection for astronauts; 1,506 pilots were identified and twelve were chosen as candidates. The Astronaut Corps was established on January 5, 1998 and the twelve along with two PLAAF trainees sent to Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in 1996 forms Chinese Group 1.

Seven pilots entered the Astronaut Corps in May 2010 as Group 2.

In 2014, Group 1 astronauts Wu Jie, Li Qinglong, Chen Quan, Zhao Chuandong, and Pan Zhanchun retired from the Astronaut Corps due to age; none of them had flown in a mission.

The Astronaut Corps was part of the General Armaments Department until GAD was disbanded in January 2016. As part of the 2015 military reform, it became part of the Strategic Support Force.

In January and March 2018, China Manned Space Agency vice director, astronaut Yang Liwei stated that Group 3 selection was expected to begin in 2018 and would include engineers and mission specialists. Yang also stated that Group 3 would include civilians from industry and research institutions.

See also 
Other astronaut corps:
Canadian Astronaut Corps
European Astronaut Corps
NASA Astronaut Corps (United States)
JAXA Astronaut Corps (Japan)
Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps (Russia)
 List of Chinese astronauts
 List of astronauts by selection
 Human spaceflight
 History of spaceflight

References 

 
1998 establishments in China
People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force
Space units and formations
Space program of the People's Republic of China
Chinese astronauts
Military units and formations established in 1998
KD-88. KD-88 (Kongdi-88) is a standoff land attack missile built by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). Its export version is called TL-17.

KD-88/TL-17
KD-88 is derived from YJ-83 missile. KD-88 uses the body of YJ-83 but replaces the seeker with CCD/TV-seeker. The KD-88A variant uses an imaging infrared (IIR) seeker for terminal inferred homing. TL-17 is the IIR variant made for export. 

It can be launched from a fighter aircraft or a bomber. It features a turbojet engine with cruising speeds of Mach 0.8 to Mach 0.85, and a range of . Although comparable in size, configuration, and capabilities, the KD-88 is not a true member of the YJ-8 family.

The KD-88 can be found on the Shenyang J-11 and Shenyang J-15 multi-role aircraft.

The KD-88 is designated AKD-88 (K/AKD88) in the PLAAF service.

AKF088C/TL-30
At Zhuhai Airshow 2022, AVIC showcased the TL-30 anti-radiation loitering missile. The TL-30A, the air-launched variant, was mounted on a Xian JH-7A2 fighter-bomber. In the PLAAF service, the missile is designated AKF088C. AKF088C is the range-extended version of the KD-88 missile for stand-off strike. The missile is fitted with a fold-out wing, powered by a turbojet engine, and has a range of . Multiple options of seeker is available. Vehicle-mounted variant is designated TL-30B, and ship-launched version is designated TL-30C. The weapon is  long, weighs , features SINS, GNSS, and anti-radiation seeker head. The missile has a loitering time of 50 minutes. During the loitering mode, the missile can appear as an aircraft to deceive enemy turning on radar, serves as a decoy to protect friendly aircraft, or transmit target information to friendly units.

Variants
KD-88 TV/CCD variant.
KD-88A Imaging infrared version.
TL-17 Imaging infrared version for export.
CM-802AKGExport version of KD-88. Based on the air-launched YJ-83 with a television (TV) or imaging-infrared (IIR) seeker, redesigned airframe with more fuel, data-link, and  of range.
AKF088 Ranged extended version with multiple options of seeker head.
TL-30 KF-88 export version.

Operators

People's Liberation Army Air Force
People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force

References

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Anti-ship cruise missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-surface missiles
Shortcuts to adiabaticity. Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) are fast control protocols to drive the dynamics of system without relying on the adiabatic theorem. The concept of STA was introduced in a 2010 paper by Xi Chen et al.
Their design can be achieved using a variety of techniques.
A universal approach is provided by counterdiabatic driving,
also known as transitionless quantum driving.
Motivated by one of authors systematic study of dissipative Landau-Zener transition, the key idea was demonstrated earlier by a group of scientists from China, Greece and USA in 2000, as steering an eigenstate to destination.

Counterdiabatic driving has been demonstrated in the laboratory using a time-dependent quantum oscillator.

The use of counterdiabatic driving requires to diagonalize the system Hamiltonian, limiting its use in many-particle systems. In the control of trapped quantum fluids, the use of symmetries such as scale invariance and the associated conserved quantities has allowed to circumvent this requirement. STA have also found applications in finite-time quantum thermodynamics to suppress quantum friction. Fast nonadiabatic strokes of a quantum engine have been implemented using a three-dimensional interacting Fermi gas.

The use of STA has also been suggested to drive a quantum phase transition. In this context, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts the formation of topological defects. While the implementation of counterdiabatic driving across a phase transition requires complex many-body interactions, feasible approximate controls can be found.

Outside of physics, STA have been applied to population genetics to derive a formalism to admit finite time control of the speed and trajectory in evolving populations, with an eye towards manipulating large populations of organisms causing human disease as an evolutionary therapy method, or toward more efficient directed evolution.

References 

Quantum mechanics
J. H. Ronaldson. James Henry Ronaldson FGS MIME (1858 – 5 August 1935) was a 19th/20th century Scottish geologist and mining engineer. He is mainly remembered for his best-selling book, Coal.

Life

He was born in East Lothian. He studied science at the University of Edinburgh and then mining engineering at the University of Liège in Belgium. Qualifying as a mining engineer, he did much work in both Australia and South Africa.

In Australia, he lived in New South Wales and was involved in coal mining.

In 1892, he became a member of the Institute of Mining Engineers.

From 1910, he lived in London.

In the First World War, he was employed by the Ministry of Munitions producing explosives. He was sent to Brotherton & Co in Leeds to oversee production of explosives.

He died on 5 August 1935 and is buried in Morningside Cemetery, Edinburgh. The grave lies on the outer south-west wall.

Publications
Coal (1920)

Family
He was married to Jane Brodie Ronaldson (died 1953).

References

1858 births
1935 deaths
People from East Lothian
University of Liège alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish geologists
Scottish mining engineers
Sabine Hauert. Sabine Hauert (born 16 July 1983) is Professor of Swarm Engineering in the Bristol Robotics Laboratory at the University of Bristol where her research investigates swarm robotics. Previously she worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.

Education
Hauert was educated at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) where she was awarded Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. During her study she participated in a student exchange program at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). Her PhD on aerial swarm robotics was supervised by Dario Floreano and Jean-Christophe Zufferey and awarded in 2010.

Career and research
Hauert's research investigates swarm intelligence, robotics, nanomedicine and cancer. Her work has appeared in Nature, Science,  the European Parliament, the Royal Society and featured in mainstream media including the BBC, CNN, The Guardian, The Economist, TEDx, Wired, and New Scientist. Hauert is president and co-founder of robohub.org, a nonprofit organization and online communication platform that brings together experts in robotics research, start-ups, business and education from across the globe.

Hauert served as a member of the working group on machine learning at the Royal Society from 2015 to 2017.

Awards and honours
Hauert was a member of the team that won first place at the RoboCup US Open in 2005. She was a selectee at the 63rd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting in 2013 and was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at MIT by the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) in 2011.

References

Living people
1983 births
Women roboticists
Anushka Naiknaware. Anushka Naiknaware, pronounced [əˈnʊʂkaː naːi:kanəʋərɛː] (born 2003 in Portland, Oregon) is an Indian-American inventor, scientist, and speaker. She is known for being the youngest person to win the Google Science Fair Award in 2016.  Born in Portland, Naiknaware created a Chitosan and Carbon Nanoparticle Based Biocompatible Sensor for Wound Management smart bandage that alerts doctors when it needs to be changed.

In 2020 she was part of Research Science Institute (RSI) conducted by Center for Excellence in Education (CEE) which brings together top STEM talent from around the world. Since 2021 she is attending Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an undergraduate student.

She was awarded the Lego Education Builder Award. She also won the first place in Mathematics STEM Award at the 2016 Broadcom MASTERS competition. In 2017, she was honored 21 Under 21 at Teen Vogue Summit by Teen Vogue Magazine published by Condé Nast. A minor planet, 33118 Naiknaware, discovered  by MIT LINEAR Lincoln laboratory is named after her.

In 2021 she was a State of Oregon Legislative Intern where she worked for representative Susan McLain. There she provided critical COVID-19 scientific analytics for decision making.

In 2017 she was invited to speak at TED Conference. As a TED  Speaker
, the talk was published in 2018. She is a speaker and advocates passion for innovation and STEM, especially for girls.

References 

Scientists from Portland, Oregon
Living people
2003 births
Adam S. T. Thomson. Adam Simpson Turnbull Thomson (1908 – 2000) was a Scottish engineer and university administrator, serving as the first Vice Principal of Strathclyde University. As an engineer he was involved in rocket research.

Life
He was born on 10 August 1908 in Barrhead. He was educated at Spier's School in Beith. He then attended the Royal Technical College in Glasgow, training as a Mechanical Engineer. He joined the staff of the college in 1930. He gained a doctorate (PhD) in 1938.

In the Second World War from 1940 he was seconded as Deputy Chief Designer of the Projectile Development Establishment at Aberporth on the Welsh coast, becoming Director of the Establishment in 1943. He returned to the RTC in 1945 and in 1946 replaced Professor William Kerr as Professor of Mechanical Engineering. He was one of the moving figures of giving the college university status (through a major expansion) which came to fruition in August 1964, the college thereafter being known as Strathclyde University and Thompson serving as Vice Principal.

From 1963 to 1965 he served as President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.

In 1964 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Patrick Dunbar Ritchie, Sir Samuel Curran, George Hibberd and Donald Pack. In 1976 he received his third doctorate (LLD).

He retired to Ayr and died there on 20 October 2000.

Family
In 1940 he married Margaret Campbell Templeton. They had two children, Eileen and Neil.

References

1908 births
2000 deaths
People from Barrhead
Academics of the University of Strathclyde
Scottish mechanical engineers
Rocket scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Chiplet. A chiplet is a tiny integrated circuit (IC) that contains a well-defined subset of functionality. It is designed to be combined with other chiplets on an interposer in a single package to create a complex component such as a computer processor. Each chiplet in a computer processor provides only a portion of the processor's total functionality. A set of chiplets can be implemented in a mix-and-match "Lego-like" assembly. This provides several advantages over a traditional system on chip (SoC) which is monolithic as it comprises a single silicon die:

 Reusable IP (intellectual property): the same chiplet can be used in many different devices
 Heterogeneous integration: chiplets can be fabricated with different processes, materials, and nodes, each optimized for its particular function
 Known good die: chiplets can be tested before assembly, improving the yield of the final device.

Multiple chiplets working together in a single integrated circuit may be called a multi-chip module, hybrid IC, 2.5D IC, or an advanced package.

Chiplets may be connected with standards such as UCIe, bunch of wires (BoW), AIB, OpenHBI, and OIF XSR. Chiplets not designed by the same company must be designed with interoperability in mind.

The term was coined by University of California, Berkeley professor John Wawrzynek as a component of the RAMP Project (research accelerator for multiple processors) in 2006  extension for the Department of Energy.

Common examples include:

 Intel Meteor Lake
 AMD Ryzen based on Zen 2 and later architecture
 NVidia H100

See also
Multi-chip module

References

Further reading
 

Integrated circuits
Semiconductor devices
206th Regional Support Group. 206th Regional Support Group is a United States Army Reserve unit which controls two Engineer Battalions (the 458th EN BN and 844th EN BN) and seven rank-heavy, 15 soldier Engineer Facilities Detachments (305th EFD, 443rd EFD, 673rd EFD, 904th EFD, 729th EFD, 763rd EFD, and the 415th EFD) each led by a Lieutenant Colonel.  These are located in New York City, New York, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Ft. Meade, Maryland, Annville, Pennsylvania, Decatur, Georgia, Ft. Jackson, South Carolina, and Knoxville, Tennessee, respectively.  Of the two Engineer Battalions, one (the 458th EN BN) is headquartered in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and the other (the 844th EN BN) is headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee. Originally under the 103rd ESC since its creation in 2006, the 206th RSG switched commands to the 412th TEC on 1 October 2019, and was relocated by the US Army Reserve Command from its original location in Springfield, IL to a new location in McLeansville, North Carolina, set to go into effect in January 2021, shortly after the unit returned from Afghanistan in July 2020. The unit relocated its equipment in September 2020, and officially transported the guidon to its new home for its first Battle Assembly at the Mcleansville Army Reserve Center in March 2021. The first two Battle Assemblies of Calendar Year 2021 were conducted telephonically due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so March 2021 was the first Battle Assembly the 206th RSG HHC held at its new location.

Units
The brigade is made up of the following units: https://www.usar.army.mil/Commands/Functional/412th-TEC/412thTECUnits/
 458th Engineer Battalion
 458th Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment  
 458th Forward Support Company
 340th Engineer Company
 358th Engineer Company
 377th Engineer Company
 665th Utilities Detachment
844th Engineer Battalion
844th Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment
 844th Forward Support Company
 357th Engineer Company
 380th Engineer Company
 390th Engineer Company
 702nd Engineer Company
 305th Engineer Facilities Detachment
 443rd Engineer Facilities Detachment
 673rd Engineer Facilities Detachment
 904th Engineer Facilities Detachment
 729th Engineer Facilities Detachment
 763rd Engineer Facilities Detachment
 415th Engineer Facilities Detachment

References

https://www.usar.army.mil/Commands/Functional/412th-TEC/412thTECUnits/
 *Statement of the Headquarters Company Commander, 206th RSG, from August 2015-October 2017 and from July 2019 through September 2020.

Support groups of the United States Army
SCELBI. SCELBI was an early model of microcomputer based on the Intel 8008 processor.  The company SCELBI (derived from SCientific-ELectronics-BIology) Computer Consulting in 1973, by Nat Wadsworth. The SCELBI 8H was marketed in 1974 and was delivered either as an assembled unit or as a kit, with five basic circuit boards and provision for memory expansion to 16 KB (16,384 bytes). The company offered input/output devices including a keyboard, teleprinter interface, alphanumeric oscilloscope interface, and a cassette tape interface for data storage. The basic system only used a front panel with 11 switches and LEDs for input and output. 

The company also offered a version of the BASIC programming language called SCELBAL. Optional modules for strings and transcendental functions allowed the system to operate in small memory configurations. SCELBAL was sold in book format, allowing it to be used on any similar 8008 or 8080 based platform.

The initial model 8H was discontinued at the end of 1974 and an improved model 8B was introduced. Fewer than 150 board sets and assembled systems were ever sold.  Later in 1975, the availability of systems based on the more flexible 8080 processor reduced demand for the slower 8008-based product.  The company discovered that the demand for books on microcomputers was very high and published several books; the publishing business was sold in 1982.

See also
Mark-8
MCM/70
Micral
List of early microcomputers

References

External links
 SCELBI Computer Museum
 The SCELBI Mini-Computer
 Video history of SCELBI Computer Consulting

Early microcomputers
Xie Shileng. Xie Shileng (; 20 May 1935 – 7 November 2018) was a Chinese port and coastal engineer who served as an assistant chief engineer of the First Navigational Engineering Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Transport.

Biography
Xie was born in Cixi, Zhejiang on May 20, 1935. After graduating from the Dalian University of Technology in August 1956, he was assigned to the Water Transport Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Transport. One year later he was transferred to its First Navigational Engineering Survey and Design Institute. After the Cultural Revolution in November 1979, Xie pursued advanced studies in the Netherlands, where he studied at Delft University of Technology. In 1999 he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He died of lymphoma in Tianjin, on November 7, 2018.

Awards
 1985 Second Prize of the State Science and Technology Progress Award
 2007 First Prize of the State Science and Technology Progress Award
 2013 First Prize of the State Science and Technology Progress Award

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
People from Cixi
Dalian University of Technology alumni
Engineers from Zhejiang
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Delft University of Technology alumni
Deaths from cancer in China
Deaths from lymphoma
Transport engineers
Chinese civil engineers
Parchmentising. Parchmentising or parchmentizing is a kind of aesthetic finish for textiles. It is a finishing treatment for cellulose fabric that stiffens the fabric and imparts a degree of translucency.

Parchment

Parchment was a material for writing created in ancient times. It was created with animal skin. It means "stuff from Pergamos" in both the Latin and Greek language. Eumenes II developed parchment when papyrus was banned for export to Pergamos by Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The skin of sheep, goats, or cattle was used to create parchment. The parchmentising process involves the application of sulfuric acid to cellulosic textiles in order to achieve the characteristics of parchment.

Organdy 
Parchmentising offers a stiffened and somewhat translucent finish. Organdy is one of the sheerest cloths produced by the process.

Development 
Parchmentising was described in 1850 by John Mercer, who treated cotton with solutions of 110–125°Tw sulfuric acid, at room temperature, followed by washing. Mercer observed that the treated fabric was soft like fine wool when treated at 110°Tw, shrank and stiffened at 114°Tw, or shrank, stiffened, and became semi-transparent from 116 to 125°Tw.

In general, treating indefinitely with concentrations below 110°Tw (64%) only swells and shrinks the fabric, while higher concentrations produce the stiff, translucent parchment-like effect in a few seconds, with some loss of tensile strength.

Textile makers have combined sulfuric acid treatment with other processes to achieve different effects. For example, Mercerising cotton fabric before acid treatment appears to make it more susceptible to treatment at lower concentrations of sulfuric acid. At about 106 °Tw the Mercerised lustre is removed and the fabric becomes fuller, softer, and more wool-like, similar to a crêpe. The parchmentising effect is still present at higher concentrations, and may be obtained as low as 107.5 °Tw with somewhat longer treatment, perhaps a few minutes. Acid and alkaline treatments are sometimes applied several times in alternation, and patterns may be created by locally applying a resist before or between treatments.

At every stage the treatment is stopped by washing and neutralizing the fabric. After acid treatment and washing, a heavy calender, sometimes heated, can be applied to the wet or dried fabric to vary its translucency.

References 

Textile industry
Fibers
Cotton
1850 introductions
Properties of textiles