omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
STARS-EC. STARS-EC (Space Tethered Autonomous Robotic Satellite Elevator of CubeSat, COSPAR 1998-067SE, SATCAT 47928) was a nanosatellite developed by Shizuoka University, for the purpose of demonstrating space elevator tether technology. It was a 3U-size CubeSat, and could split into three separate satellites, connected via tethers. STARS-EC was launched on 20 February 2021, and was deployed from the International Space Station (ISS). The deployment service of STARS-EC was provided by Mitsui Bussan Aerospace.

The satellite decayed from orbit on 15 April 2022.

Mission
STARS-EC's mission was to demonstrate space elevator tether technology using a 3U CubeSat. After deployment from the ISS, the satellite split into three separate spacecraft, each the size of a 1U CubeSat. The spacecraft on each end was connected to the center satellite by an  space tether, thus putting the satellites on the ends 22 m apart from one another. The satellite in the center moved back and forth along the tether, demonstrating the orbital space elevator technology. Each spacecraft was equipped with a camera to monitor the elevator demonstration.

See also
 STARS
 STARS-II
 STARS-C
 OPUSAT-II
 RSP-01
 WARP-01

References

External links
 Official project site 
 STARS Space Service 

Space elevator
Satellites of Japan
2021 in Japan
Spacecraft launched in 2021
Spacecraft which reentered in 2022
Satellites deployed from the International Space Station
Listed buildings in Saltaire. Saltaire is a model village in Shipley, a ward in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The village contains 93 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, four are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. In 1850 Titus Salt started to build a textile mill, known as Salt's Mill, alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and then developed the model village to house and serve its workers. This included housing, shops, and community buildings, all of which are listed. The architects for the entire scheme, including later mills, were the Bradford architects Lockwood and Mawson. All the listed buildings built between 1850 and 1870 were designed by them.  The later listed buildings are a tram shed, a war memorial and a telephone kiosk.


Key

Buildings

References

Citations

Sources

Lists of listed buildings in West Yorkshire
ČD Class 242. The ČD Class 242 or ZSSK Class 242 (formerly known as ČSD Class S 499.02) is a single-system AC traction electric locomotive made by Škoda Works which is operated by České dráhy. It was made between 1975 and 1981. In terms of development, it is a reconstruction of Class 240 locomotives. It goes up to 75mph (120km). It was made to operate on regional routes with a rake of 4-5 coaches like the Břeclav to Tišnov route. There are 65 of these trains in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

References 

25 kV AC locomotives
Škoda locomotives
Electric locomotives of Czechoslovakia
Electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Electric locomotives of Slovakia
Railway locomotives introduced in 1975
Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe
Kaman 22 (UAV). Kaman 22 (UAV) () is an Iranian wide-body unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) unveiled on 24 February 2021 by the Islamic republic of Iran Air Force. It is said to be the country's first wide-body drone. The range of the Kaman 22 is approximately  and it can carry  of explosives.

According to IRIAF commander Aziz Nasirzadeh, the Kaman 22 is the first domestically-manufactured wide-body combat drone in the country capable of carrying all kinds of munition.

See also 
 Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
 Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran
 Defense industry of Iran
 Meraj (UAV)

References 

 

 

Unmanned military aircraft of Iran
Iranian military aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
Post–Cold War military equipment of Iran
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Iran
Weapons of Iran
Military equipment of Iran
List of power stations in Delaware. This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Delaware, sorted by type and name.  In 2021, Delaware had a total summer capacity of 3,273 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 4,305 GWh. In 2023, the electrical energy generation mix was 91.3% natural gas, 3.6% other gases, 3.3% solar, 1.6% biomass, 0.2% petroleum, and 0.1% wind. Distributed small-scale solar, including customer-owned photovoltaic panels, delivered an additional net 190 GWh to the state's electricity grid in 2023. This is about 20 percent more than the amount generated by Delaware's utility-scale solar facilities.

Fossil-fuel power stations
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Coal

 Total net summer capacity

Petroleum

 Total net summer capacity

Natural gas

 Total net summer capacity
 Half of generating capacity at the Delaware City Oil Refinery is allocated to other petroleum gases.

Renewable power stations
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Biomass

 Total net summer capacity

Geothermal
There were no utility-scale Geothermal facilities in the state of Delaware in 2019.

Hydroelectric

There were no utility-scale Hydroelectric facilities in the state of Delaware in 2019.

Solar photovoltaic

Wind

Nuclear power stations
There are no utility-scale nuclear facilities in the state of Delaware.

Storage power stations

Battery storage
There are no utility-scale battery storage facilities in the state of Delaware.

Pumped storage
There are no utility-scale pumped storage facilities in the state of Delaware.

See also 

 List of power stations in the United States

References

Delaware
 
Lists of buildings and structures in Delaware
Energy in Delaware
Straintronics. Straintronics (from strain and electronics) is the study of how folds and mechanically induced stresses in a layer of two-dimensional materials can change their electrical properties. It is distinct from twistronics in that the latter involves changes in the angle between two layers of 2D material. However, in such multi-layers if strain is applied to only one layers, which is called heterostrain, strain can have similar effect as twist in changing electronic properties. It is also distinct from, but similar to, the piezoelectric effects which are created by bending, twisting, or squeezing of certain material.

References 

Superconductivity
Hyundai D engine. The Hyundai D engine is a family of 3-cylinder and 4-cylinder diesel engines produced by Hyundai Motor Company under license from VM Motori.

The D-line of engines feature cast iron block and aluminum cylinder head, with belt driven single overhead camshafts operating four valves per cylinder. Fuel is supplied to the unit using Bosch common rail direct injection (CRDi) operating at , the fuel rate was increased to  for the second generation D engines.

The D-Line of engines initially targeted Euro 3 emission compliancy with newer iterations being compliant with Euro 4 emission standard.

1.5 L (D3EA)

The D3EA Bore and Stroke are  for a total displacement of  and a compression ratio of 17.7:1. It generates  of power at 4,000 rpm and  of torque between 1,900 and 2,700 rpm.

Applications
 Hyundai Accent (LC) (2002–2005)
 Hyundai Getz (2002–2005)
 Hyundai Matrix (2001–2005)

2.0 L (D4EA)

The D4EA Bore and Stroke are  for a total displacement of  and a compression ratio of 17.7:1. It generates  of power at 4,000 rpm and  of torque between 1,800 and 2,500 rpm.

Applications
 Hyundai Elantra (XD) (2001–2006)
 Hyundai i30 (FD) (2007–2010)
 Hyundai Santa Fe (2001–2009)
 Hyundai Sonata (NF) (2004–2009)
 Hyundai Tucson (JM) (2004–2009)
 Hyundai Trajet (2002–2006)
 Kia Carens (2002–2009)
 Kia Ceed (ED) (2007–2010)
 Kia Cerato (LD) (2004–2006)
 Kia Magentis (MG) (2006–2010)
 Kia Sportage (JE) (2004–2010)

2.2 L (D4EB)
The D4EB Bore and Stroke are  for a total displacement of . It generates  of power and  of torque between 1,800 and 2,500 rpm.

Applications
 Hyundai Grandeur (TG) (2007–2010)
 Hyundai Santa Fe (CM) (2005–2009)

See also
 List of Hyundai engines

References

D
Diesel engines by model
Straight-four engines
Aidong Zhang. Aidong Zhang  is a computer scientist whose research topics include machine learning and bioinformatics. She is William Wulf Faculty Fellow and Professor of Computer Science at the University of Virginia, where she also holds affiliations with the Department of Biomedical Engineering and School of Data Science.

Education and career
Zhang earned her PhD in 1994 at Purdue University. She joined the department of computer science of the University at Buffalo as an assistant professor in 1994, became full professor in 2002, and was named University at Buffalo Distinguished Professor in 2012 and SUNY Distinguished Professor in 2014. She chaired the department from 2009 to 2015. After taking a leave from the department from 2015 to 2018 to serve as a program director for the National Science Foundation, she moved to the University of Virginia in 2019. She continues to be listed by the University at Buffalo as professor emerita.

Zhang was the founding chair of the ACM Special Interest Group on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Biomedical Informatics, and served as its chair from 2011 to 2015. She has been the editor-in-chief of IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics since 2017.

Books
Zhang is the author of books including Advanced Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data (World Scientific, 2006) and Protein Interaction Networks: Computational Analysis (Cambridge University Press, 2009).

Recognition
Zhang was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2009 "for contributions to multimedia data indexing". She was named an ACM Fellow in 2017, "for her contributions to bioinformatics and data mining".

References

External links

Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Purdue University alumni
University at Buffalo faculty
University of Virginia faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
2017 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
American women academics
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century women scientists
21st-century women scientists
21st-century American women
Electric telegraphy in Imperial Russia. Electric telegraphy in Imperial Russia was pioneered by Pavel Schilling, a Baltic German aristocrat who had developed the Schilling telegraph, the first electromagnetic telegraph that was of practical use. This work was taken up by Moritz von Jacobi who in 1842-5 installed an underground cable to provide a telegraph line between St Petersburg and the Imperial palace at Tsarskoye Selo. Terminals were also installed in Oranienbaum and Kronstadt.

In 1853 the Russian government awarded a contract to Siemens & Halske to develop a telegraph system. Carl Heinrich von Siemens arrived in St Petersburg where he established the Russian branch of the company.

References

History of the telegraph
Economy of the Russian Empire
Siemens Synthesizer. The Siemens Synthesizer (or "Siemens Studio für Elektronische Musik") was developed in Germany in 1959 by the German electronics manufacturer Siemens, originally to compose live electronic music for its own promotional films.

From 1956 to 1967, it had a significant influence on the development of electronic music. Among others, Mauricio Kagel, Henri Pousseur, Herbert Brün and Ernst Krenek completed important electronic works there.

History 
In 1955, Siemens established an audio laboratory, the Siemens Studio für Elektronische Musik, in its Munich facilities to produce electronic music for its publicity films. Siemens engineers Helmut Klein and Alexander Schaaf were charged with assembling the components for the studio and providing a means for controlling the composition, synthesis, and recording of music. The organization of the studio was completed by 1959. A second model was installed in 1964.

The studio was closed in 1967 but its main control room and equipment have been preserved as part of a museum exhibit at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

From 1959 until its closure, Josef Anton Riedl was director of the studio.

Technology 
The Siemens Synthesizer was controlled by a set of four punch paper rolls controlling the timbre, envelope, pitch and volume. Equipment found in the studio included a bank of 20 oscillators, a white noise generator, a Hohnerola (a hybrid electronically amplified reed instrument marketed by Hohner) and an impulse generator. The synthesizer had a tonal range of seven octaves.

The Siemens Synthesizer offered a method for controlling its tone-generating facilities, modification and modulation of the sounds in real time, and the manipulation of recorded material into finished works.

Uses 
Between 1960 and 1966, the studio opened its doors to many outside composers, including:

 Bengt Hambraeus
Bruno Maderna
 Ernst Krenek
Henri Pousseur
 Herbert Brün
Iannis Xenakis
Josef Anton Riedl
 Karlheinz Stockhausen
 Mauricio Kagel
Milko Kelemen
 Niccolo Castiglioni
 Pierre Boulez

Gallery

See also 

 Electronic musical instrument
 List of music sequencers
List of vocoders
Music sequencer
 Recording studio
 Studio monitor
 Vocoder

Bibliography 

 Stefan Schenk: Das Siemens-Studio für elektronische Musik. In: Münchner Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte, Band 72. Hans Schneider Verlag 2014, zugleich Dissertation an der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München 2011, . (Online)
 Wolf Loeckle:  «Was gibt’s Neues?» Josel Anton Riedl, das Elektronische Siemens-Studio, die Natur. In: Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, Ausgabe 2014/2, S. 24–27.
 Helmut Klein: Klangsynthese und Klanganalyse im elektronischen Studio. In: Frequenz – Journal for RF, Band 16/1962 Nr. 3, S. 109–114
 Siemens Kulturprogramm (Hrsg.): Siemens-Studio für elektronische Musik. München 1994
 Siemens Kulturprogramm: Siemens-Studio für elektronische Musik. audiocom multimedia, 1998 (CD mit Kompositionen aus dem Studio)

References 
Siemens

Electronic musical instruments
Anthony B. Neilson. The Anthony B. Neilson was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat, built in 1854 by George Steers for a company of New York Sandy Hook pilots. She was considered to be the fastest boat in the piloting business. She helped transport New York City maritime pilots between inbound or outbound ships coming into the New York Harbor. She survived the Great Blizzard of 1888. In 1859, the Neilson was sold to a group of New Orleans pilots. The New York pilots then replaced the Neilson, with a new pilot boat, the John D. Jones.

Construction and service 

The Anthony B. Neilson, was a pilot-boat built in 1854 by George Steers for a company of five New York pilots. She was built by the Steers at the Hawthorne shipyard, in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The boat was named after Anthony Bleecker Neilson, who was president of the Sun Mutual Insurance Company and on the board of underwriters. Captain John F. Clark was the commander of the boat. She was considered to be the fastest boat in the piloting business.

The Neilson was George Steers' last effort in the pilot boat line. She was an exact model of the pilot-boat George Steers, except that she was ten feet longer. A half hull model of the Anthony B. Neilson was made by George Steers. The model is varnished and inscribed, in black-outlined letters, with the name: “ANTHONY B. NEILSON.” She was often referred to as the Anthony B. Neilson, or just A. B. Neilson. The boat number "21" was painted as a large number on her mainsail, that identified her as belonging to the New York and Sandy Hook Pilots' Association.

In the summer of 1854, the pilot boat Anthony B. Neilson, No. 21, averaged over twenty knots in four successive hours of sailing from Southampton, L.I. to Goat Island.

On September 20, 1854 the Anthony B. Neilson, encountered the schooner Marietta, from New Orleans, that was in a storm and leaking badly, her foresail was split and her bulwarks were gone.

On October 19, 1856, the Neilson ran into the pilot boat Julia, No. 15, of New York, off the Sandy Hook Light. The Julia broke into two and sank. Her pilots and crew were rescued. There was no light was on the Julia except a small handlamp in the ship's binnacle. The case went to the district court.

On January 21, 1857, the Neilson was out cruising with pilots John Clarke, Peter Bayley, Thomas Aitken, George W. Christopher, Ralph Noble, Gideon L. Mapes, and William Anderson. After boarding a schooner at Owl's Head, both vessels were carried ashore by the ice. They were rescued by the steamtug Hercules. The Neilson lost part of her keel and broke her rudder.

End of service

In August, 1859, the Anthony B. Neilson was sold to a group of New Orleans pilots, to be used as a pilot boat at La Balize, Louisiana. She sailed for New Orleans on August 24, 1859 with Captain George Benson as the new owner.  The New York pilots then replaced the Neilson, with the John D. Jones, by December 28, 1859.

See also
List of Northeastern U. S. Pilot Boats

References 

Individual sailing vessels
Schooners of the United States
Service vessels of the United States
1854 ships
Pilot boats
Ships built in Brooklyn
McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute. The McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI) is a major manufacturing research facility affiliated with the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

The institute opened in 2001, and has an endowed research chair affiliated with it. It is a member of SONAMI (the Southern Ontario Network for Advanced Manufacturing Innovation) along with centers at Niagara College, Mohawk College, and Sheridan College.

In 2020, after the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic became known, the MMRI collaborated with Hamilton Health Sciences to develop face shields and help with other types of PPE manufacturing.

References 

Manufacturing companies of Canada
Organizations based in Hamilton, Ontario
McMaster University
Manufacturing companies based in Ontario
Functional presence engine. A Functional Presence Engine, or FPE, is a probabilistic parsing mechanism that uses at least four components to respond to input patterns. It comprises a lexing system, a probabilistic fitness function, a knowledge base, and a library of functions that the knowledge base can trigger.

The lexing system accepts and parses inputs and or query patterns. The probabilistic  fitness mechanism determines close approximations and viable responses to the input patterns from a given knowledge base and then selects one or more functions that produce appropriate responses. A Functional Presence Engines is, subsequently, a stimulus-response mechanism that allows for a higher variability of inputs to elicit response patterns with a high likelihood of correctness, even from incomplete training. The system predates SIRI by six years.

Such systems allow conversational AI and virtual assistant platforms to respond correctly to new inputs outside their training sets – The US Army's Sgt Star being a prime example. FPEs are widely used for intelligent customer service systems and for digital assistants. FPEs have also been deployed as black-box solutions and embedded in security appliances.

History 
The first Functional Presence Engine was deployed in 2001 by Spectre AI Incorporated. The technology and a number of embodiments were subsequently patented by Spectre AI's cofounder Robert Hust, the FPE's original inventor, and Mark Zartler who was Spectre AI's lead developer.  

The development of the FPE also resulted in an obscure markup language that the company referred to as FPML (Functional Presence Markup Language), which was based largely on AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language). 

The original FPE and FPML are now proprietary technologies owned by Verint Systems.

References 

Chatbots
Fuzzy logic
Spectre AI. Spectre AI Incorporated was a private software company that served various government agencies and defense contractors in the early 2000s. The company is notable for having developed and deployed the first functional presence engine in 2001 (the system predated SIRI by six years). Spectre AI's initial contract with Raytheon was the direct result of a request on the floor of the United States Congress on September 13, 2001 by Senators Judd Gregg and Ernest Hollings. This was a surprising amount of access given the company was started one year earlier in Spokane, Washington.

Spectre AI went on to create a suite of agent-based software products that were deployed for various government agencies and defense contractors. In late 2002 the company merged with Next-IT where it continued to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary. 

In 2004, the company revealed that it was working on public facing technology and developed the US Army's first AI recruiter, SGT STAR. The project later became controversial, and was the subject of numerous FOIA requests by the Electronic Frontier Foundation over fears that the mechanism was overly invasive, which proved not to be the case.

History 
Spectre AI Incorporated was founded by Philip Galland and Robert Hust. Galland, initially the company's primary investor, left his position at Oracle to become the company's CEO. In 2004, He and cofounder Robert Hust (the inventor of the functional presence engine) went on to form Agent Science Technologies, Inc. Next IT subsequently merged with defense contractor Verint Systems.

Spectre AI is no longer operational.

References 

Former defense companies of the United States
Software companies based in Washington (state)
Artificial intelligence companies
Companies based in Spokane, Washington
Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute. The Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI) is an Ethiopian institute for research, training and infrastructure development in space science, created in 2016.

Creation
The Ethiopian Space Science Society (ESSS) was created as a citizens' association in 2004. ESSS helped to organise the creation of Entoto Observatory in 2014 and of the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute in 2016. ESSTI was formally established by the Hailemariam Desalegn Cabinet, under regulation No. 916/2015.

Aims
ESSTI was mandated to carry out research and training in space science and to develop and encourage space science and aerospace development and infrastructure in Ethiopia.

Leadership and structure
Abdissa Yilma was ESSTI's general director in 2021. , Yeshurun Alemayehu was ESSTI's deputy general director.

Together with the creation of ESSTI, the Space Council was created to oversee Ethiopian space science policies and the implementation of ESSTI proposals.

Satellite launches
ESSTI's first satellite, ETRSS-1, is a 72 kg remote sensing microsatellite, co-designed by Ethiopian and Chinese engineers and launched in December 2019.

ESSTI's second satellite, ET-SMART-RSS, an 8.9 kg nanosatellite, also designed and built in Ethiopian–Chinese collaboration, was launched from Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on 22 December 2020.

Research and teaching
Research and teaching departments in ESSTI include the Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Department, with research in fields including extragalactic astronomy, stellar astronomy, cultural astronomy and cosmology. , the department had graduated 11 master's students and 5 doctoral students. Mirjana Pović, an assistant professor of the department and head of the department from 2018 to 2020, was awarded the inaugural Jocelyn Bell Burnell Inspiration Medal in 2021 by the European Astronomical Society for her contributions to the development of "astronomy, science and education as a route out of poverty and to improve the quality of life for young people in Africa."

References

Space technology research institutes
Organisations based in Ethiopia
2016 establishments in Ethiopia