omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rihn DR-107 One Design. The Rihn DR-107 One Design is an American aerobatic homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Dan Rihn and first flown in 1993. The aircraft is supplied by Aircraft Spruce & Specialty of Corona, California in the form of plans and a materials kit for amateur construction.

The DR-107 was designed as a low-cost one design aircraft for competition and sport basic to advanced aerobatics, including International Aerobatic Club Class One competitions. For this role it is stressed to +/-10g.

Design and development
The DR-107 is a monoplane that features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is predominantly made from wood, with some steel parts and doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing employs a Wainfan 16% symmetrical airfoil and has a wing area of . The wing has almost full-span ailerons that produce rolls of 360° per second. The wing has no flaps. Other features include a low-mounted cable-braced tailplane and a  wide cockpit.

The DR-107 can accept engines of . The standard engines used are the  Lycoming O-360, modified with high compression pistons, an inverted oil system and fuel injection or the  Lycoming AEIO-320 powerplant.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The designer estimates the construction time from the supplied materials kit as 2000 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 355 kits had been sold and five aircraft were flying.

In November 2013 33 examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, with another 11 previously registered and now removed. Also in November 2013 there were two registered with Transport Canada and ten in the United Kingdom with the Civil Aviation Authority. As of August 2024, ten are registered in Australia with the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (including nine recorded as DR-107 One Design and one recorded as One Design); it is unknown how many are registered with Recreational Aviation Australia.

Specifications (DR-107)

See also
List of aerobatic aircraft

References

External links

DR-107 “One Design” 25th Anniversary Presentation at Oshkosh 2018 by Dan Rihn

DR-107
1990s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Shengrui Transmission. Shengrui Transmission is an automatic transmissions manufacturer based in Weifang, Shandong Province, China. It is a relative newcomer, founded in 2003. It is in partnership with Ricardo plc in developing an automatic transmission.

Shandong Shenrui Transmission 山东盛瑞 is a subsidiary of Shangdong Wei Cai Diesel Engine Manufacturer and a part supplier to it. Shenrui contracted Ricardo of UK in 2009 to design 8-speed Automatic Transmission for it for 1 million British Pound. The 8-AT was produced but not without problems. Without any experiences to solve the problems, Shenrui contracted Ricardo to help solve problems mainly on calibration and drivability issues and paid another 1 million pound. After almost 5 years, finally the 8-AT found its first customer, JMC, 江铃. JMC use Shenrui 8-AT on its new Land Rover look alike SUV, the X-7. Since X-7 offered only automatic transmission version, a very unusual move in China, the vehicle SOP date was delayed for more than 6 month due to 8-AT problems. The X-7 SUV is now (as of December 2015) selling at more than 6000 units a month, so does the Shenrui 8-AT.

References

External links
Shengrui portal (English)

Automotive transmission makers
Companies based in Weifang
Manufacturing companies established in 2003
Chinese brands
Auto parts suppliers of China
Chinese companies established in 2003
Leslie Jaeger. Leslie Gordon Jaeger CM FCAE FEIC FCSCE FRSE (28 January 1926–20 August 2013) was a distinguished British and Canadian academic and engineer.

Life 
Jaeger was born on 28 January 1926, in Southport, England. He graduated from the University of Cambridge (Gonville & Caius College), and then served for two years as a lieutenant in the Royal Navy. His doctorate and DSc were then from the University of London. He was successively Director of Studies in Engineering at Magdalene College, Cambridge; Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh (1963); Professor of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics at McGill University, Canada; Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of New Brunswick, Canada; Vice President (Academic) at Acadia University, Canada; and Vice President (Research) at the Technical University of Nova Scotia, Canada.

A specialist in advanced structural analysis, with expertise in earthquake engineering and highway bridges, Jaeger was Technical Editor of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, and its successor the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, since 1977. He served the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE) in a number of capacities, and was its President from 1992-93. Jaeger authored or co-authored nine books and published extensively in the technical literature. He served the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) in a number of capacities over the years, latterly as Chair of the Cooperative Research Opportunities Committee.

Jaeger was appointed Member of the Order of Canada in 2002. He held Honorary Doctorates in Engineering from Carleton University, Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Technical University of Nova Scotia. Other awards included the Gzowski Medal of the Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC), the Pratley Award of CSCE, the A B Sanderson Award of CSCE, the Julian C Smith Medal of EIC, the Association of Professional Engineers of Nova Scotia Award for distinction in Engineering, the Nova Award for Innovation, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia Award for Excellence in Engineering, and the CSCE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Bridge Engineering. He was an Honorary Professor of Civil Engineering at Tongji University, Shanghai and Honorary President of the Usman Institute of Technology, Karachi.

In 1966 Jaeger was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). Subsequently he was elected Fellow of the CSCE, the EIC and the Canadian Academy of Engineering. He was a Former Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London).

Jaeger ended his career as Emeritus Research Professor of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mathematics at Dalhousie University, Canada. 

In 1948 Jaeger married Annie Sylvia Dyson, and together they had two daughters. After Dyson's death he married Kathleen Grant in 1981.

He died on 20 August 2013, aged 87.

References

1926 births
2013 deaths
Canadian civil engineers
Members of the Order of Canada
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Regius Professors of Engineering in Edinburgh University
Proline organocatalysis. Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline  as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry.  This theme is often considered the starting point for the area of organocatalysis, even though early discoveries went unappreciated.   Modifications, such as MacMillan’s catalyst and Jorgensen's catalysts, proceed with excellent stereocontrol.

Proline catalysis was initially reported by groups at Schering AG and Hoffmann-La Roche. Proline's chiral structure enables enantioselective synthesis, favoring a particular enantiomer or diastereomer.

Reactions 
The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction, reported in 1971 by several research teams, is an early example of an enantioselective catalytic reaction in organic chemistry. Its scope has been modified and expanded through the development of related reactions including the Michael addition, asymmetric aldol reaction, and the Mannich reaction. This reaction has likewise been used to perform asymmetric Robinson annulations. The general scheme of this reaction follows:

This example illustrates a proline-catalyzed asymmetric 6-enolendo aldolization.  The zwitterionic character and the H-bonding of proline in the transition state determine the reaction outcome. An enamine  is formed during the reaction and only one proline molecule is involved in forming the transition state.

Asymmetric synthesis of the Wieland-Miescher ketone is also based on proline.  Additional reactions include aldol reactions, Mannich reaction, Michael reaction, amination, α-oxyamination, and α-halogenation.

Modifications on the basic proline structure improved the enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of the catalysis. These proline-derived auxiliaries and catalysts, including the Enders hydrazone reaction and Corey–Itsuno reduction, have been reviewed, as have MacMillan’s iminium catalysts, Miller catalysts, and CBS-oxazaborolidines.

Illustrating an enolexo intramolecular aldolization, dicarbonyl (dials,diketones) can be converted to anti-aldol products with a 10% L-proline catalyst loading.

A prominent example of proline catalysis is the addition of acetone or hydroxyacetone to a diverse set of aldehydes catalyzed by 20-30% proline catalyst loading with high (>99%) enantioselectivity yielding diol products. As refined by List and Notz, the aforementioned reaction produces diol products as follows:

Mechanistic considerations
Proline-catalyzed aldol additions proceed via a six-membered enamine transition state according to the Zimmerman-Traxler model. Addition of 20-30 mol% proline to acetone or hydroxyacetone catalyzes their addition to a diverse set of aldehydes with high (>99%) enantioselectivity yielding diol products.

 Proline and proline derivatives have been implemented as organocatalysts to promote asymmetric condensation reactions. An example of such a reaction proceeding through a six membered transition state is modelled as follows.

Intramolecular aldolization reactions that are catalyzed by proline likewise go through six-membered transition states. These transition states can enable the formation of either the enolexo or the enolendo product.

References 

Organic chemistry
Catalysis
Navarro Chief. The Navarro Chief is a British trimotor aircraft that was designed and built by Navarro Safety Aircraft.

Development
The Chief is a conventional landing gear-equipped, strut-braced, high wing aircraft. The wings are upturned. The elevators are hinged at angles in an attempt at developing a spin-resistant aircraft. The ailerons and elevators were interlinked for roll control. The rudder is split and could be deployed as a speed brake. The fuselage is wood with plywood covering.

Specifications (Chief)

See also

References

Trimotors
Carlos Casamiquela. Carlos Horacio Casamiquela (9 June 1948 – 12 September 2020) was an Argentine agricultural engineer and public official. He was appointed Minister of Agriculture of Argentina in November 2013, replacing Norberto Yauhar.

Biography
Born in Viedma, Río Negro Province, Casamiquela studied Agricultural Engineering at the National University of La Plata, graduating in 1973. He also held degrees in Local Economic Development from the National University of General San Martín and the Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. He joined the National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) in 1974 as a topsoil specialist, and in 1980 returned to his home province by way of a transfer to INTA's Río Negro Upper Valley Experimental Station. His work as researcher focused on irrigation needs for the orchard-rich Upper Valley, and he went on to direct the facility between 1984 and 1990. He authored the "Project for the Restructuring of Fruticulture in Argentina" (1986), among 15 published research papers.

Casamiquela was promoted to the post of INTA Regional Director for North Patagonia in 1990. He remained in the post until September 2003, when he was appointed Vice President of SENASA, the food safety regulatory office. The revival of the Agriculture Ministry as a cabinet-level office in 2009, and the appointment of Buenos Aires Province Legislator Julián Domínguez to the post, was followed by Casamiquela's appointment as President of the INTA by Minister Domínguez in October of that year. Casamiquela oversaw the continued revitalization of INTA, which grew from 3,500 employees in 2003 to 7,200 by 2010, while focusing its efforts on the promotion of local agriculture and small farmers (who employ 54% of all agricultural workers in Argentina). INTA's Prohuerta program, launched in 2005, provided assistance to 630,000 market gardens and 148,000 small farms by 2013, as well as 19,000 rural families in Haiti. Other highlights during his tenure include an instructional program for intensive agriculture methods initiated in South Africa, and the approval for import by China of two of INTA's GMO soy and one GMO maize varieties.

A cabinet reshuffle by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in late 2013 led to the resignation of Agriculture Minister Norberto Yauhar and his replacement by Casamiquela. His nomination was welcomed by the head of the influential Argentine Rural Confederations (CRA), Rubén Ferrero, who remarked that "we've know him for a long time, and he's knowledgeable about the problems facing agriculture in Argentina; we hope he'll be given the necessary latitude to implement the policy changes we've been advocating for some time now."

He died from COVID-19 on 12 September 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina.

References

External links
 Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca
 INTA

1948 births
2020 deaths
People from Viedma
National University of La Plata alumni
Argentine agronomists
Ministers of agriculture of Argentina
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
Zhuoshui Fengyu Bridge. The Zhuoshui Fengyu Bridge () is a covered bridge in Qianjiang District of Chongqing, China. A bridge was first built at this spot in 1591 during the Ming dynasty. It has been destroyed several times over the centuries, in 1999 the bridge was rebuilt. On 28 November 2013, the bridge caught fire and was destroyed. In July 2017, the bridge was reopened after being rebuilt.

References
 

Chinese architectural history
Bridges in Chongqing
Covered bridges in China
Tourist attractions in Chongqing
Readout integrated circuit. A readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) specifically used for reading detectors of a particular type. They are compatible with different types of detectors such as infrared and ultraviolet. The primary purpose for ROICs is to accumulate the photocurrent from each pixel and then transfer the resultant signal onto output taps for readout. Conventional ROIC technology stores the signal charge at each pixel and then routes the signal onto output taps for readout. This requires storing large signal charge at each pixel site and maintaining signal-to-noise ratio (or dynamic range) as the signal is read out and digitized.

A ROIC has high-speed analog outputs to transmit pixel data outside of the integrated circuit. If digital outputs are implemented, the IC is referred to as a Digital Readout Integrated Circuit (DROIC). 

A digital readout integrated circuit (DROIC) is a class of ROIC that uses on-chip analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) to digitize the accumulated photocurrent in each pixel of the imaging array. DROICs are easier to integrate into a system compared to ROICs as the package size and complexity are reduced, they are less sensitive to noise and have higher bandwidth compared to analog outputs.  

A digital pixel readout integrated circuit (DPROIC) is a ROIC that uses on-chip analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) within each pixel (or small group of pixels) to digitize the accumulated photocurrent within the imaging array. DPROICs have an even higher bandwidth than DROICs and can significantly increase the well capacity and dynamic range of the device.

References

 Digital Converters for Image Sensors, Kenton T. Veeder, SPIE Press, 2015. 
 A 25μm pitch LWIR focal plane array with pixel-level 15-bit ADC providing high well capacity and targeting 2mK NETD, Fabrice Guellec et al, Proceedings Volume 7660, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVI, 2010.
 A high-resolution, compact and low-power ADC suitable for array implementation in standard CMOS, Christer Jansson, IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems - I: Fundamental theory and applications, Vol. 42, No. 11, November 1995.
 Digital Pixel Readout Integrated Circuit for High Dynamic Range Infrared Imaging Applications, Phase I SBIR, Technology report, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, July 2018.
 Digital pixel readout integrated circuit architectures for LWIR, Shafique, A., Yaziki, M., Kayahan, H., Ceylan, O., Gurbuz, Y., Proceedings Volume 9451, Infrared Technology and Applications XLI; 94510V, 2015.

Integrated circuits
Detectors

 Digital-Pixel Focal Plane Array Technology, Schultz, K., et al, Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2014.
Sensors, Space Probes and Wi-Fi Cybersecurity, Oh My!, Maxfield, Max., Electronic Engineering Journal, February, 2020.
Digital Pixel Infrared Imaging Boosts Camera Speed and Performance, Bannatyne, R., Vision Systems Design, June 2020.
Dobrivoje Božić. Dobrivoje Božić (, 23 December 1885 – 13 November 1967) was a Serbian mechanical engineer, inventor and constructor of the first air brakes for trains.

Early life 

Dobrivoje Božić was born in Raška in the Kingdom of Serbia. He studied in Germany at the Technical University of Karlsruhe and Dresden. While at Karlsruhe, he was a student of Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of diesel engines. After graduation in 1911, Božić returned to Serbia.

Career 

His engineering work began immediately upon his return to the railway workshop in Niš. He simultaneously started his research in the field of railway braking. Božić learned that the brake system that rail vehicles used was one of the most problematic parts of vehicle development, due to trains' increasing speed and mass. In 1869, George Westinghouse designed a brake on compressed air with direct action and improved it in 1872, producing a single-chamber, automatic brake with indirect effects. Božić's research was interrupted during the First World War. After the war, he worked in Kraljevo, Belgrade and Zagreb. He applied to the International Union of Railways for a patent for the Božić brake through the Yugoslav railway in 1925. His patent was approved in 1928. Božić sold his design to the Czech conglomerate Škoda Works and over time, his brake was copied and adapted by most European railways.

Božić's invention resolved then unsolvable problems, such as solutions distributor (main braking device). Three working pressures increased air velocity stab in the main air pipe (along the train) from . He invented solutions to the problem of gradual release brake, non-exhaustion during braking, an overfull working chamber, load-adaptive braking. He first proposed braking of passenger trains as a function of speed (brakes with two working pressure). He also constructed an efficient brake controller for locomotives.

During World War II, the German occupying forces took over the Božić residence. Dobrivoje reportedly hid from them in a special shelter as they sought his services in order to develop a rocket engine. At the end of the war, Božić was imprisoned; accused of collaboration and assisting in the design of the V-2 rocket. He was released thanks to an intervention from the Soviets who expressed interest in his work and knowledge. Upon his release, he fled with his wife Radmila and son Dragan, and eventually settled in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Božić's daughter Vesna, died in 1943 at the age of five from complications of appendicitis. Dobrivoje eventually divorced his wife, who gave birth in exile to another son named Robert, and moved to the United States where he lived until 1964 when he returned to Belgrade.

References

External links 

 Compressed air continuous brake system for passenger or freight trains, US patented 1,420,237. June 20, 1922.
 Distributor for fluid-pressure brakes, US patented 1,679,348 Aug. 7, 1928.
 Patent maps of Dobrivoje Božić
 Life and work of Dobrivoje Božić

Serbian inventors
People from Raška, Serbia
1885 births
1967 deaths
Yugoslav inventors
20th-century Serbian engineers
Christ College of Engineering and Technology. Christ College of Engineering and Technology (CCET) is an engineering college in Pondicherry Union territory, India. The college was established in 2007 to provide technical education to young citizens. The institution is affiliated to Pondicherry University and is approved by All India Council for Technical Education. It was started by 10 March 2007.

Location and access

The college is located in the suburban locality of Moolakulum, about four kilometers from Puducherry and 36 kilometers from Villupuram Smart City.

Board of management 
The college is administered by a board of management of a unit of Sam Paul Educational Trust.

 Founder:Sam Paul 
Chairman & MD:  Dr. S.R.S. Paul
 Principal:Dr. A. Sivakumar

Courses

Undergraduate Course:

 BTech – Computer Science&Engineering
 BTech – Information Technology
 BTech – Electronics & Communication Engineering
 BTech – Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 BTech – Mechanical Engineering            
 BTech – Civil Engineering

Post-Graduate Course:      
 MTech – Computer Science & Engineering            
 MTech – Electronics &Communication Engineering
 MTech – Wireless Communication
 MTech – Electrical Drives & Control*
 M.B.A. – Master of Business Administration
 M.C.A.  – Master of Computer Application

Admission
Eligibility

Eligibility to admission to the undergraduate degree courses is a successful completion of the higher secondary course or equivalent level education for direct entry students. For lateral entry students (those entering in the second year), diploma degree in any engineering course is necessary. Students can also enter via CENTAC, in which case they would not have to pay management seats. 50% of the college seats are reserved for students who deserve CENTAC seats.

Infrastructure
The college has a campus spread in an area of 60 acres of land. It consists of a number of buildings.

Placement
The Placement Cell was established in 2009. The cell arranges campus interviews with organisations for placement of final year students, and arranges in-industry training for students. Campus placement training (HR, Technical, GD, Written Test) is given in the pre-final year for all eligible candidates.

References

All India Council for Technical Education
Universities and colleges in Pondicherry (city)
Engineering colleges in Puducherry
2007 establishments in Puducherry