omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cross section (fiber). The cross section depicts the shape of the various textile fibers. Each textile fiber offers a distinct cross sectional appearance when seen under a microscope. The shapes vary from round to oval and flat, different shapes determines certain characteristics of the textiles. Though the majority of synthetic fibers have a circular cross section, but the shape could be altered or engineered during the manufacturing process. The cross-sectional shape is responsible for certain physical properties of textile fibers such as the luster of textiles.

Significance 
The cross-section of a fiber has an effect on the appearance, hand, drape, flexibility, and moisture wicking properties. The cross sectional shape or form of the fibers specifies their texture. Numerous physical characteristics such as hand, bulkiness, and luster are associated with cross sectional shape. Synthetic fibers with a more regular surface seem brighter than natural fibers with an irregular surface, with the exception of silk, which has a regular surface.

Different shapes have their own significance; for example, the trilobal cross section contributes several physical properties to the fibres, including strength and static properties, in addition to providing brightness..  Furthermore, the trilobal cross sectional shape of filament aids in the reduction of manufacturing defects.

Shapes 
Textile fibers come in a variety of shapes and forms. The fiber shape of synthetic fibers is controlled with a device spinneret during manufacturing (extrusion) process, whereas natural fibers conceive their shape with a variety of factors such as  cellulose built up in plant fibers, and in silk, the shape of orifice from where the silk fibers are extruded. In hair fibers, it is hair follicle that is responsible for the shape.

See also 

Aesthetics (textile) 
Textile performance
Surface contour (fiber)

References 

Fibers
Properties of textiles
Pan Fusheng (engineer). Pan Fusheng (born 30 July 1962) is a Chinese engineer who is a professor at Chongqing University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was a delegate to the 10th National People's Congress and is a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress. He was a member of the 9th, 11th and 12th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Biography
Pan was born in Lanxi County, Zhejiang, on 30 July 1962. After graduating from Huangdian High School () in 1977, he taught at schools in his hometown. In 1978, he enrolled at Hefei University of Technology, graduating in 1982 with a bachelor's degree in powder metallurgy. He went on to receive his Master of Engineering degree at Chongqing University in 1985. He also obtained his doctor's degree from Northwestern Polytechnical University in material science and engineering in 1994.

Pan was recruited by Chongqing University in 1985, what he was promoted to instructor in 1987 and associate professor in 1989. In 1992, at the age of 30, he was promoted to full professor, becoming the youngest professor in the history of Chongqing University. From October 1991 to March 1993, he was a visiting scholar at Oxford University. He returned to China in 1993 and continued to teach at the Chongqing University. That same year, he joined the Jiusan Society. He was honored as a Distinguished Young Scholar by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2007. In October 2008, he was appointed president of Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, and served until 4 January 2019. In December 2017, he was proposed as president of Chongqing Association for Science and Technology.

Honours and awards
 2004 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the research and industrialization of high quality aluminium foil wool and aluminium foil products for packaging.
 2008 Science and Technology Innovation Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
 2011 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the application technology of integration and circulation of high quality magnesium alloy.
 2015 Fellow of the Russian Academy of Mining Sciences
 2017 Fellow of the Asian Pacific Academy of Materials 
 27 November 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1962 births
Living people
People from Lanxi, Zhejiang
Engineers from Zhejiang
Hefei University of Technology alumni
Northwestern Polytechnical University alumni
Chongqing University alumni
Academic staff of Chongqing University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Delegates to the 10th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress
Members of the 9th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Members of the 11th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Members of the 12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Bridget Mutuma. Bridget K. Mutuma is a researcher in chemistry and material sciences at Nairobi University in Kenya.  She focuses on developing nanomaterials associated with sensors. She is a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Kirinyaga University
Nanotechnologists
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
21st-century Kenyan women scientists
21st-century Kenyan scientists
Isaiah Blankson. Isaiah M. Blankson (September 28, 1944 – November 19, 2021) was a Ghanaian scientist, academic and aerospace engineer.

Biography 
Isaiah Blankson was born on September 28, 1944, in Cape Coast, Ghana. He had his secondary school education at the prestigious Mfantsipim School where he was a peer of Kofi Annan. He sat for his GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom) in 1964 and aced all his examinations making him the best student in West Africa that year. He gained a scholarship to pursue a degree at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His scholarship was from an initiative to foster international, cultural and educational exchange between students from various African countries and the United States Information Agency. As a result of the African Scholarship Program of American Universities, Isaiah  Blankson earned his bachelor's degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1969. He pursued a master's degree and graduated in 1970 subsequent to which he earned a Ph.D. in 1973 also in aeronautics and astronautics. Upon his completion, he became the first African to hold a PhD in  Aerospace Engineering.
In 1988, he started working for NASA. His projects ranged from research into hypersonics to water purification. He died on November 19, 2021, at the age of 77.

References 

1944 births
2021 deaths
Mfantsipim School alumni
Ghanaian scientists
Ghanaian engineers
People from Cape Coast
Irish Air Navigation Service. The Irish Air Navigation Service, trading as AirNav Ireland or AirNav na hÉireann, is the Air Navigation Service Provider of Ireland from 30 April 2023. It is a commercial company owned by the State, and has responsibility for the provision of air traffic management, aeronautical communications and related services in Irish controlled airspace. Its head office is in The Times Building, D'Olier St., in Dublin.

AirNav Ireland is responsible for providing air traffic control services to Ireland's three main airports, namely Dublin, Shannon and Cork, en-route air traffic control services over Irish airspace and aeronautical communications services in Irish controlled airspace.

The previous ANSP was the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA), which still has responsibility for safety and regulatory matters. These functions were separated with the establishment of AirNav Ireland.

The air navigation services of the IAA became a new organisation called AirNav Ireland on 30 April 2023. The safety and regulatory division of the IAA merged with the Commission for Aviation Regulation on the same date to become the new single national aviation authority, retaining the name IAA.

The separation of functions of the IAA and merger with the CAR was originally planned to take place during 2021, but was delayed by parliamentary procedures. The Air Navigation and Transport Act 2022 provided for the formation of the company.

References

External links
 
 Irish Aviation Authority 

Aviation in Ireland
Cosworth JD / VJ engine. The JD and VJ family is a series of 3.0-litre, naturally-aspirated V10 Formula One engines, designed by Cosworth in partnership with Ford; used between  and . The customer engines were used by Sauber, Stewart, Minardi, and Tyrrell.

Overview

The JD, VJ and VJM V10
In order to produce a higher power at higher rpm, a completely new  (89mm x 48.1mm) JD 72° V10 was designed for 1996, which produced about 670 bhp at 15,800 rpm, and used by Sauber Formula One team. This engine was further developed into VJ and VJM with the same V-angle, bore and stroke, reaching 720 bhp for racing, 730 bhp for qualifying, at 16,500 rpm. All three of these engines were badged as Ford Zetec-R as well, and used by several teams. In its debut season, the best result was another third place, this time taken by Johnny Herbert at Monaco. This was surpassed one year later by Rubens Barichello's sensational second place, again at Monaco, which was the first points finish for the newly formed Stewart Grand Prix team.

References

Ford engines
Cosworth
V10 engines
Formula One engines
Chen Xiangsheng. Chen Xiangsheng (born 1 June 1956) is a Chinese engineer who is a professor and dean of the College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University and chief engineer of Shenzhen Metro Company Co., Ltd., and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Chen was born in Xiangtan, Hunan, on 1 June 1956. In 1978, he entered Huainan Institute of Mining (now Anhui University of Science and Technology), where he earned his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1982. He also received his Doctor of Engineering degree from Tsinghua University in 2000.

Beginning in February 1982, he served in several posts in the Beijing Mine Research Institute, Coal Research Institute, including deputy engineer, engineer, and senior engineer. From July 1986 to October 1986, he was a visiting scholar at Technische Universität Berlin. He joined the Communist Party in July 1987. In September 1991, he studied English at Shanghai International Studies University for a short while before serving as By-Fellow Professor at the University of Cambridge in September 1992, funded by the Cambridge University and Yue-Kong Pao Foundation. He returned to China in February 1994 and continued to work as deputy director and later director at the Beijing Mine Research Institute, Coal Research Institute. In February 2001, he was recruited by Shenzhen Metro Company Co., Ltd., where he successively worked as manager, chief dispatcher, chief engineer, and deputy general manager. In March 2019, he was hired by Shenzhen University as a professor and dean of the College of Civil and Transportation Engineering.

Honours and awards
 1992 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the construction technology of Yanzhou Mining Area.
 2001 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the research and application of basic mechanical properties of artificial .
 2007 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the research on key technologies of design and construction of subway overlapping tunnel.
 27 November 2017 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1956 births
Living people
People from Xiangtan
Engineers from Hunan
Anhui University of Science and Technology alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of Shenzhen University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Tod Shriver. Tod Corwin Shriver (1873-1911) was a U.S. aviator and exhibition pilot often associated with pioneer Glenn Curtiss. Shriver was a mechanic for Glenn Curtiss, much in the way Charlie Taylor was for The Wright Brothers, and accompanied him to France in 1909 to participate in the historic Rheims air meet officially Grande Semaine d'Aviation de la Champagne. In motion picture footage of Curtiss and his Reims Racer in France, Shriver can be seen joking with Curtiss and others. The footage is preserved in the National Air and Space Museum.  Shriver began his association in aviation working with balloonist Thomas Scott Baldwin and in 1906 was working in Curtiss's Hammondsport factory. Shriver in 1910 became a pilot himself on the classic Curtiss pusher type. He also built his own machine in the summer and flew it the first time he tried. He was widely traveled in the final year of his life accompanying Thomas Scott Baldwin and James C. Mars to Hawaii, The Philippines, Australia, China and Japan. Later he made flights in South America. In Puerto Rico he made what was probably the first flight on the island but was the first pilot to die there when his machine fell 200 feet into a sugar cane field.

References

External links
EarlyAviators
Tod Shriver stands, with his many siblings back row center
Shriver in his plane(Wayback)
Tod Shriver, Manchester's Birdman
The first International Aviation Meet. Reims, France, 1909(time 2:13,film footage of Tod Shriver who is seen standing behind and talking to Glenn Curtiss who is sitting in the open car)

1873 births
1911 deaths
Aviators from Ohio
Aviation pioneers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1911
Accidental deaths in Puerto Rico
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Puerto Rico
Holly Yanco. Holly Ann Yanco is an American roboticist and computer scientist who works as Distinguished University Professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and the director of the New England Robotics Validation and Experimentation (NERVE) center. She is known for her research in human–robot interaction, and has applied robotics as a way to broaden interest in computer science by schoolchildren, in assistive technology, in manufacturing, and for rescue robots.

Education and career
Yanco became interested in robotics in middle school, and went to high school in Northborough, Massachusetts. She is a 1991 graduate of Wellesley College, and completed her Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2000. Her dissertation, Shared User-Computer Control of a Robotic Wheelchair System, was supervised by Rodney Brooks.

She has taught at Wellesley, Boston College, and ArsDigita University before taking her present position at UMass Lowell.

Recognition
Yanco was elected as an AAAI Fellow in 2021, by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, "for foundational contributions to the field of human-robot interaction and for exceptional leadership in education and broadening participation".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American roboticists
Women roboticists
American women computer scientists
Wellesley College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Massachusetts Lowell faculty
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
21st-century American women
Jeff Bezanson. Jeff Bezanson (born December 26, 1981) is an American computer scientist best known for co-creating the Julia programming language with Stefan Karpinski, Alan Edelman and Viral B. Shah in 2012. The language spawned Julia Computing Inc. (since then renamed to JuliaHub Inc.) of which Bezanson is the CTO. As a founder of the company and co-creator of the language, Bezanson earned the 2019 J.H. Wilkinson Prize for his work on the Julia programming language alongside Shah and Karpinski. Bezanson is also listed as an author on academic papers regarding the Julia language.

Education 
After receiving his undergraduate degree from Harvard in 2004, Bezanson moved on to graduate studies and researched in the field of technical computing at MIT and received his PhD in 2015; his thesis is titled Abstraction in Technical Computing (2015).

Awards 
In 2019, Bezanson was awarded the J. H. Wilkinson Prize for Numerical Software with Stefan Karpinski and Viral B. Shah for their work on the Julia programming language.

References 

American computer scientists
Living people
1981 births
Harvard College alumni
Programming language designers
Boulder Creek Bridge (Boulder, Colorado). The Boulder Creek Bridge near Boulder, Colorado is a concrete slab and girder bridge which was built in 1953.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

It brings Colorado State Highway 119 over Boulder Creek, and was under Federal rather than state management as the highway provides access from Boulder to the Roosevelt National Forest.

It was designed by the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads.  It is  in total length, and  wide carrying a -wide roadbed.  It consists of three spans, the main one being  long.  It has concrete abutments, wingwalls, and spill-through piers.  Steel flex beams on the approach were a later addition.

It was deemed technologically significant as one of the first concrete girder bridges in Colorado of a new type, having parabolically arched beams rather than flat ones, and supported by concrete spill through piers.

References

External links

National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado
Bridges completed in 1953
Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
1953 establishments in Colorado
Joe Youssefi. Khosrow "Joe" Hadi Youssefi (July 28, 1943August 27, 2018) was an Iranian-American aerospace engineer and philatelist. He left Iran at the age of 17 to study and subsequently acquired two degrees in engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He spent the rest of his life in the United States working at Sperry Flight Systems (later Honeywell) until his retirement in 2001. His hobby was philately in which he formed award-winning collections of the stamps of Persia and Iran.

Early life and family
Youssefi was born in Tehran, Iran, on July 28, 1943. He traveled to the United States in 1960 to attend the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from where he graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering. It was at university that Youssefi met his future wife Carol Sue Hall whom he married in 1964. They had children David and Sarah.

Career
In 1965, Youssefi moved to Phoenix, Arizona, to work for Sperry Flight Systems, later Honeywell Flight Systems, where he stayed until his retirement in 2001. He had an interest in wind shear science, attending and contributing to conferences on the subject hosted by NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration.

Philately
Youssefi formed leading collections of the stamps of Persia and Iran which earned him a gold medal and the Collector's Club of Chicago Award at Chicagopex 2015, and a posthumous gold medal for his display of "Classic Persia" at the World Stamp Exhibition at Bangkok, Thailand, in 2018. He specialised in the 1902 Meched postmaster provisional issue of Persia created by Victor Castaigne when there was a shortage of official stamps, before moving on to the "Lion" issues. Part of Youssefi's collection of the Meched issues may be viewed at the Museum of Philately.

Death
Youssefi died at Show Low, Arizona, on August 27, 2018. His stamps were sold by David Feldman SA in a series of auctions beginning in 2019.

References

External links 
Obituary for Joe Youssefi | Dorr & Clark Funeral Home
Joe Youssef presenting Classic Persia at the Collector's Club of New York, 2016.

1943 births
2018 deaths
American philatelists
Philately of Iran
American aerospace engineers
Engineers from Tehran
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Ethyl hydroperoxide. Ethyl hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2OOH.  It is a colorless liquid that is miscible with water and diethyl ether.

Formation
Ethyl hydroperoxide is formed in the flame of burning alkanes. Ethyl hydroperoxide is also formed in the catalytic reaction of ethane and hydrogen peroxide. Yet another way to form ethyl hydroperoxide is by a photocatalytic oxidation of ethane:
CH3CH3 + O2 → CH3CH2OOH

References

Hydroperoxides
Oxidizing agents
USCGC Agassiz. USCGC Agassiz (WSC-126) later WMEC-126, was a steel hulled, single screw  of the United States Coast Guard which served between 1927 and 1969.

Design 
USCGC Agassiz (WSC-126) was the second of 35 ships in the Active class, designed to serve as a "mother ship" in support of Prohibition against bootleggers and smugglers along the coasts. These ships would shadow and pursue large smuggling vessels away from American shores. They were meant to be able to stay at sea for long periods of time in any kinds of weather, and were able to expand berthing space via hammocks of the need arises, such as if a large amount of survivors were on board.

She was built by the American Brown Boveri Electric Corporation of Camden, New Jersey at a cost of $63,163. The cutter was laid down on 24 July 1926 as yard number 321 and launched on 30 November 1926 from slipway L. The ship was commissioned on 12 January 1927. Like the rest of her class, she was  long, had a  beam and a  draft. A single  gun was mounted as the offensive weapon as launch.

Agassiz was named for Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, a paleontologist, glaciologist, geologist and naturalist who taught at the University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland and Harvard University, Massachusetts.

Ship history 
After being commissioned on 12 January 1927, Agassiz was stationed at Boston as part of Division One, Squadron One of the Offshore Patrol Force, Boston with five other cutters. On 1 August 1933 the ship operated from Fernandina, Florida as part of the Jacksonville Division. In 1936 she was attached to Curtis Bay, Maryland, and during 1940 she operated out of Charleston, South Carolina. She was assigned to the Caribbean Sea Frontier [CARIBSEAFRON] during the Second World War. On 12 March 1942 the cutter saved 11 survivors from the torpedoed tanker . Once the war ended the vessel was sent to Morehead City, North Carolina until 1956. In January 1956 the Agassiz aided in the disabled Manitou  southeast of Cape Henry, Virginia. Another unnamed merchant vessel was aided  east off Cape Fear, Virginia the same month. The homeport was changed to Cape May, New Jersey in 1956. The ship was redesignated from WSC, Coast Guard Submarine Chaser, to WMEC-126, Coast Guard Medium Endurance Cutter. The grounded Septic Nerve was aided by Agassiz off Little Egg Inlet on 18 October 1961. The disabled Canadian fishing vessel Clara and Linda was aided  east of New York in 1967 during a storm. The fishing vessel Bright Star was escorted to safety  southeast of Cape May on 1 March 1968.

The Agassiz was decommissioned and struck from Coast Guard service on 13 October 1969 and was transferred to the United States Merchant Marine Academy on 16 October 1969 as the vessel Agassiz #607283. The ship's fate after being transferred is unknown.

References

Active-class patrol boats
1926 ships
Ships built in Camden, New Jersey
Brown, Boveri & Cie