omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Routing diagram. A routing diagram or route diagram in the field of management engineering is a type of diagram, that shows a route through an accessible physical space. Routing diagrams are used in plant layout study, and manufacturing plant design.

Overview 
A routing diagrams shows a route through a physical space. They are often considered a type of flow diagram, but they differ from flowcharts, that a routing is pictured in a physical layout. There is a similarity with design of Electrical equipment, where routing diagrams also in show "the physical layout of the facility and equipment and how the circuit how the circuit to the various equipment is run."

A picture with a routing in geographical space is often called a route map. While the road map and transit map (such as the railway map, metro map, bus map, etc.) show all the roads or lines, the route map regularly shows one rad for a particular occasion. Likewise a ground plan or site map show all the space, buildings and/or rooms, the routing map shows one specific route on site.    

Routing diagrams are used in plant layout study. The routing diagram can consist of a floor plan with a trace attached, or a 3d cross section of a building with a trace. The routing diagram transforms into a flow diagram when the physical dimensions are taken out of the equation.

References

Further reading 
 Willard C. Brinton, "Flow Charts," in Graphic presentation. New York city, Brinton associates, 1939; This is mainly about flow diagrams.
 Charles Day, "The Routing Diagram as a Basis for laying Out Industrial Plants." Engineering Magazine, September, 1910. p. 809-821; Republished in: Industrial Plants, 1911. Chapter VII.
 D. C. Eberhart. "222.41 c. Diagrammatic routing," in: The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America; Title 14. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. p. 48
 Karl G. Karsten, "Route-Charts," in: Charts and graphs; an introduction to graphic methods in the control and analysis of statistics, 1923. p. 21-38

External links 
 

Diagrams
Industrial engineering
Arthur Joseph West. Arthur Joseph West (1863 in Bromsgrove; – 2 November 1937 in Bexhill-on-Sea) was a British civil engineer. Under his leadership, the Labuan Coal Line and the North Borneo Railway from Beaufort to Weston and Melalap were built.

Personal life 
West was born in 1863 in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England, the son of a farmer. Little is known about his youth and early professional career, but he was recorded in a census as a teacher at the age of 17. On the recommendation of his friend William Clark Cowie, he was appointed as Chief Railway Engineer on 7 July 1896 by the North Borneo Chartered Company with an annual salary of 4,800 Straits dollars. Although his previous experience was limited to the construction of the kilometre-long narrow Labuan Line, with which the coal mines of Labuan had been connected to the port of Victoria Town, his position was completely independent from any control of the Governor, being mainly directed by Cowie.

West began his work on Bukau in 1896 as the first section for the North Borneo Railway. At the same time he had to construct both the line to the north of Beaufort and south towards Brunei Bay. The terminus of the line on Brunei Bay had been selected by Cowie but proved to be too shallow as it was a mangrove forest area. West called the station there "West Town", which later became Weston. West married Mary Louisa Dixon in 1895 at Newington, London; and had two children named Arthur Gilbert Dixon (b.1898) and Willie. His first son was born in Labuan and baptised there on 28 November 1897 by the Governor of Beaufort. His family remained in the island during the first phase of construction of the North Borneo Railway.

On 3 February 1898, barely two years after the beginning of construction, the railway first opened for service. However, completion of the entire Beaufort–Weston section took two more years. From 1900, West used all his energy to extend the railway line along the Padas River to Tenom and then to Melalap. Tenom was reached in 1905; Melalap in 1906. On 1 April 1900, his family moved to Bukau. His two sons received an academic and technical education in Cambridge and entered a technical career; Gilbert, the older of the two became an assistant chief engineer at the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) while Willie became a geologist.

As his career and presence was mainly linked to Cowie, he was relieved of his post and left Borneo on Cowie's death in 1910. West died on 2 November 1937 in Bexhill-on-Sea.

Notes

Literature

References 

North Borneo
History of Sabah
1863 births
1937 deaths
English engineers
People from British Borneo
Independence-X Aerospace. Independence-X Aerospace or better known as IDXA is a NewSpace Transportation Systems company based in Seremban, Malaysia. It provides Microgravity Experiment Re-entry Capsule Service, Launch Services, Low-Cost Satellite Development and Launch, Ground Station Service, and aims for Interplanetary Missions.

History 

Independence-X Aerospace or IDXA was founded in 2013 by Founder, CEO and CTO Izmir Yamin and based in Seremban, Malaysia. Back then, the initiatives was parked under a Special Interest Group experimenting with different rocket technology at engineering model and lab scale, which led to the state of the art technology on its feeding system which can reduce the entire mass of existing feeding system for liquid propellant technology by half and less the power consumption. This discovery will later help to translate into better cost effective launch price for future customers. Having the added advantage of being an equatorial launcher, it makes DNLV (Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle) the preferred future launch for small, pico and nano class satellites.

Since 2003, three different engineering models had been designed, built and test flight which achieved remarkable success where it also won Gold Medals in Europe for its innovativeness. The rocket motor and engines are as follows: ID-1 (Solid Propellant Rocket Motor, 2003), ID-2 (Upgraded version - Solid Propellant Rocket Motor, 2005), ID-3 (Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine, 2006).

Current development

Commercial nano satellite launcher 
IDXA would be providing future commercial rocket launch services into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The rocket launcher is known as the Dedicated Nano Launch Vehicle (DNLV) to be commercial ready by 2025, which was featured in NASA "Small Spacecraft Technology: State of the Art" December 2015 report. The DNLV is capable of providing dedicated launch services to small satellites and cubesat owners for insertion into their intended orbit and inclination. IDXA is looking at frequent launches from near equatorial launch site for at least twice a month for the first year (24 launches / year). DNLV is capable of delivering payloads of 200 kg to a 500 km Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).

Interplanetary mission 
Interplanetary mission is currently being planned for post the year 2020, where IDXA is developing a bio-mimetic flapping winged micro aerial vehicle (B-MAV) robotic dragonfly to scout the Martian Surface to assist NASA's future Mars rover from the rough rocky Martian terrain to perform ground exploration much easily by providing avoidable obstacle path.

Re-entry capsule 
IDXA is also developing a Microgravity Experiment Re-entry Capsule (MERCAP) in the pipeline for future commercial missions.

See also
Borneo SubOrbitals
Astronautic Technology Sdn Bhd (ATSB)

References

External links 
 Official site

Private spaceflight companies
Commercial spaceflight
Rocket engine manufacturers of Malaysia
Aerospace companies of Malaysia
Technology companies established in 2013
2013 establishments in Malaysia
Aircraft engineering companies
Privately held companies of Malaysia
Quill (software). Quill is a suite of software tools. It was published by D.C. Heath and Company, in Lexington, MA, USA.

The Quill software was designed and developed in 1982-84 by a team led by Bertram Bruce and Andee Rubin. Its purpose was to help in the creation of functional learning environments that involved extensive writing and reading. It had many features that addressed one or more of six pedagogical goals: Encourage writing for peers; develop writing skill in the context of meaningful communication with real audiences; encourage feedback from others; provide motivation to read the writing of others; facilitate revision; and help with the mechanics of writing.

Reviews
The complete system, including the software, the Quill Teacher's Guide, and other support materials, was validated by the Joint Dissemination Review Panel of the U.S Department of Education in March 1984.

The software had positive reviews in Computers, Reading and Language Arts, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Popular Computing, Harvard University Gazette, Electronic Learning, Teaching and Computers, Informatica Oggi, English Journal, Early Years/K-8, Computer Update, Classroom Computer Learning, The Computing Teacher, Language Arts, Today's Education, and many other publications.

Hardware
Quill ran on Apple II+ and Apple IIe computers with 64K bytes of memory and required two floppy disk drives, a monitor, an 80-character, upper and lower case card, and a printer.

Software components
Quill comprised four interrelated programs. Writer’s Assistant was a general word processor that could be used independently. However, within Quill it was not invoked by name but accessed indirectly by functions in PLANNER, LIBRARY, or MAILBAG, such as "seeing" someone else’s text in the LIBRARY.  Students decided which program to use according to their purpose for writing.

PLANNER was a tool that helped students organize ideas for writing, then share their newly created organizing tools. LIBRARY was a writing environment in which students could make their writing accessible to others by storing it with the full authors' names, the full title, and keywords indicating topic, genre, or other characteristics of the piece. MAILBAG was an in-class email system in which students could send messages to other students, the teacher, small groups, or a bulletin board. Those messages could be forwarded to other classrooms using a variety of networking tools available at the time.

References

Language learning software
Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy. The Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy (; ) is a learned society for the promotion of microscopy in Turkey. It that was founded in 1971 and since then has hosted 19 national congresses on electron microscopy, each with international participation.

Since 2001, the society has been a member of the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy, the European Microscopy Society and International Federation of Societies for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry.

References

1971 establishments in Turkey
European Microscopy Society
Scientific organizations established in 1971
Scientific societies based in Turkey
North Forge Fabrication Lab. North Forge Fabrication Lab is a rapid prototyping workshop and business development facility located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Founded in September 2011, it is a fabrication laboratory, intended to assist entrepreneurs in developing their ideas into physical prototypes. Facilities at the site include 3D printers in several sizes, CNC laser cutters from 50 to 120 watts, CNC milling machines, a plasma cutter, wood and metal lathes, a Double 3 telepresence robot and facilities for manufacturer and test of printed circuit boards. Software resources include various systems for computer aided design.

North Forge is the largest publicly-accessible fabrication laboratory in Canada. It is funded by Canadian federal government, the Manitoba provincial government, and various private sector donors, as well as membership fees charged to the users of the facility.

The North Forge Fabrication Lab is one activity of the North Forge Technology Exchange, which combines the efforts of the former projects AssentWorks, Ramp Up Manitoba, and Startup Winnipeg.  The current CEO of North Forge Technology Exchange is Joelle Foster. As of spring 2017, the fab lab has more than 100 members.

References

External links
 North Forge Technology Exchange Web site

Organizations based in Winnipeg
Organizations established in 2011
Business incubators of Canada
Thomas J. Russell. Thomas J. Russell (born June 13, 1933) was an American engineer and businessman. He was one of the early pioneers of microwave technology, specializing in ultrabroadband microwave directional couplers. Due to his contributions in shaping the microwave industry with innovation and invention, Thomas J. Russell was officially named a Microwave Legend in 2006.

Biography

Thomas J. Russell grew up in Rock Rapids, Iowa, where he attended Iowa State University and studied Electrical Engineering. He then  moved to the University of Missouri to begin post-graduate studies in Electrical Engineering and a second master's degree in Mathematics.

After graduation, he  joined Douglas Aircraft Company in Santa Monica and then moved on to Bendix Aviation in Kansas City and joined Alfred Electronics in Palo Alto in 1966, before starting his own company nine years later.

In 1975 Russell founded KRYTAR, a privately owned company that specializes in the manufacture of ultra broadband microwave components and test equipment for space, military and commercial usage. Russell developed one of the first computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools specifically for the design of microwave couplers. This software was used for the design and development of several of the company's early patented product lines.

While running KRYTAR, Russell was also responsible for seven patents related to microwave technology.

Russell’s first patent was filed in 1966. During his career he filed 8 separate patents, spanning four decades, all related to directional couplers and similar technologies. In 1979 he received a patent based upon the idea of increasing the directivity of a coupler by building the central couplers in a unique configuration for a TEM mode strip-line directional coupler. By making the end portion immediately adjacent and in between the diverging conductors facing the coupling portion, thus increasing the directivity of TEM mode strip-line directional couplers which decreases cost.

Over the course of his career, Russell also contributed to a number of industry journals, such as the IEEE Microwave Journal, where he published ideas on microwave power dividers and his patented matched-line directional dividers (MLDD), amongst other topics.

References

External links
Krytar
Microwaves & RF
US Patent 3423702
US Patent 3453564
US Patent 3521202
US Patent 4139827
US Patent 4147998
US Patent 4397515
US Patent 4968127
US Patent 5206611

Living people
1933 births
American inventors
American electrical engineers
Iowa State University alumni
People from Rock Rapids, Iowa
Bendix Corporation people
Google AI. Google AI is a division of Google dedicated to artificial intelligence. It was announced at Google I/O 2017 by CEO Sundar Pichai.

This division has expanded its reach with research facilities in various parts of the world such as Zurich, Paris, Israel, and Beijing. In 2023, Google AI was part of the reorganization initiative that elevated its head, Jeff Dean, to the position of chief scientist at Google. This reorganization involved the merging of Google Brain and DeepMind, a UK-based company that Google acquired in 2014 that operated separately from the company's core research.

In March 2019 Google announced the creation of an Advanced Technology External Advisory Council (ATEAC) comprising eight members: Alessandro Acquisti, Bubacarr Bah, De Kai, Dyan Gibbens, Joanna Bryson, Kay Coles James, Luciano Floridi and William Joseph Burns.  Following objections from a large number of Google staff to the appointment of Kay Coles James, the Council was abandoned within one month of its establishment.

Projects
 Google Vids: AI-powered video creation for work.
 Google Assistant: is a virtual assistant software application since 2023 developed by Google AI.
 Serving cloud-based TPUs (tensor processing units) in order to develop machine learning software. The TPU research cloud provides free access to a cluster of cloud TPUs to researchers engaged in open-source machine learning research.
 TensorFlow: a machine learning software library.
 Magenta: a deep learning research team exploring the role of machine learning as a tool in the creative process. The team has released many open source projects allowing artists and musicians to extend their processes using AI. With the use of Magenta, musicians and composers could create high-quality music at a lower cost, making it easier for new artists to enter the industry.
 Sycamore: a new 54-qubit programmable quantum processor.
 LaMDA: a family of conversational neural language models.
 The creation of datasets in under-represented languages, to facilitate the training of AI models in these languages.

Former
 Bard: a chatbot based on the Gemini model, no longer developed by Google AI since February 8, 2024, as the chatbot (now merged into the Gemini brand) is now developed by Google DeepMind.
 Duet AI: a Google Workspace integration that can notably generate text or images, no longer developed by Google AI since February 8, 2024, as the Google Workspace integration (now merged into the Gemini brand) is now developed by Google DeepMind.
 Crowdsource: a crowdsourcing platform developed by Google intended to improve a host of Google services through the data donated from users for training of different algorithms.

References

Further reading

 Google Puts All Of Their A.I. Stuff On Google.ai, Announces Cloud TPU. .
 Google collects its AI initiatives under Google.ai. .
 Google collects AI-based services across the company into Google.ai – "Google.ai is a collection of products and teams across Alphabet with a focus on AI."
 Google's deep focus on AI is paying off. .

External links

AI
Artificial intelligence laboratories
Yamula Dam and Hydroelectric Plant. Yamula Dam is a dam and hydroelectric plant in Kayseri Province on Kızılırmak River, central Turkey.

The dam is in Kayseri Province on Kızılırmak (Hallys of the Antiquity). The power production facility is at . Its waterholding phase began in 2005. 

Being an artificial lake, it is home to various water sports. 

According to the constructor Hidrodizayn, it is a barrage power plant located at the toe of a  high embankment dam with a total storage of . Nominal power is 52 MW and the annual energy production is 309 GW-hr. The 154 kV output connects via a  long line to the national interconnected grid system of Turkey.  In addition to energy production, it is also used to irrigate agricultural land of .

References

Buildings and structures in Kayseri Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
Dams completed in 2005
Dams on the Kızılırmak River
2005 establishments in Turkey
Kızılırmak
Verbeekite. Verbeekite is a rare mineral consisting of palladium diselenide PdSe2. This transition metal dichalcogenide has an unusual monoclinic structure, with pairs of selenium atoms existing as dimers forming layers between palladium atom sheets. Unit cell dimensions are: , , , , . Palladium diselenide has five polymorphs. Verbeekite can be synthesised at 11.5 GPa pressure and 1300 °C.

Monolayer PdSe2 has been predicted as a semiconductor and synthesized as an electronic material.

The mineral was discovered in 2002 from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine (Kolwezi), in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Verbeekite was named after geologist Théodore Verbeek who studied minerals at that mine between 1955 and 1967.

References

Selenide minerals
Palladium compounds
Transition metal dichalcogenides
National Diploma (Sri Lanka). A National Diploma is a standard academic qualification, offered by most further education colleges and universities in Sri Lanka.

National Diplomas
The following diplomas are level 5 in the National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) of Sri Lanka:
National Diploma in Technology (NDT)
National Diploma in Engineering Sciences (NDES)
National Diploma in Information Technology (NDICT)

Higher National Diplomas
The following diplomas are level 6 in the NVQ of Sri Lanka:
 Higher National Diploma in Accountancy (HNDA)
 Higher National Diploma in Business Administration (HNDBA)
 Higher National Diploma in Business Management (HNDBM)
 Higher National Diploma in Business Finance (HNDBF)
 Higher National Diploma in Building Service Engineering (HNDBSE)
 Higher National Diploma in Food Technology (HNDFT)
 Higher National Diploma in Engineering (HNDE)
 HND in Civil Engineering
 HND in Electrical Engineering
 HND in Mechanical Engineering
 Higher National Diploma in English (HND in English)
 Higher National Diploma in Information Technology (HNDIT)
 Higher National Diploma in Management (HNDM)
 Higher National Diploma in Agriculture (HNDT-Agri)
 Higher National Diploma in Tourism and Hospitality Management (HNDTHM)
 Higher National Diploma in Quantity Survey (HNDQS)

References 

Educational qualifications in Sri Lanka
Bone Fone. The Bone Fone was a wearable radio that draped around the user's neck like a scarf. Bill Hass invented the device, and JS&A marketed it in 1979. According to the marketing materials, the Bone Fone resonated sound through the wearer's bones.

The device represents an evolutionary step from hand-held electronics (transistor radios) to wearable technology (Walkman, iPod, smart phone). The Bone Fone did not achieve the longevity of transistor radios, originating in 1947, and surviving to the present. The Sony Walkman line achieved greater popularity; iPods and smartphones achieved greater impact. But, the Bone Fone helped make the transition to products users could wear, freeing the hands for other activities, such as exercise or gardening.
In late 2019, Sony introduced a similar, though much less-rugged product, the SRS-WS1 Wearable Neck Speaker.

See also
Astraltune

References

Products introduced in 1979
1980s fads and trends
Consumer electronics brands
Defunct brands
Models of radios
EngrXiv. engrXiv (Engineering Archive) is a preprint repository for engineering launched in July 2016. In 2019, it was announced that engrXiv was legally becoming a part of Open Engineering Inc, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization for the promotion of open practices in the engineering field.  Open Engineering also  operates The Journal of Open Engineering.
Open Engineering Inc (openENGR) is a non-profit organization based in Menomonie, Wisconsin, for the "promotion of open practices in the engineering field."

It is hosted by the Public Knowledge Project Publishing Services and administrated by Dr. Devin R. Berg of Open Engineering Inc and the University of Wisconsin–Stout. engrXiv is directed by a steering committee of engineers and members of the engineering librarian community.

A paper template for submissions to engrXiv is available online via Overleaf. As of April 2017, engrXiv content was indexed in Google Scholar.

See also
 List of academic journals by preprint policy
 List of preprint repositories
 Center for Open Science
 Grey literature
 Self-archiving

References

University of Wisconsin–Stout
Eprint archives