omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric acclimatization. Thermoelectric acclimatization depends on the possibility of a Peltier cell of absorbing heat on one side and rejecting heat on the other side. Consequently, it is possible to use them for heating on one side and cooling on the other and as a temperature control system.

Peltier cell heat pump 

A typical Peltier cell based heat pump can be used by coupling the thermoelectric generators with photovoltaic air cooled panels as defined in the PhD thesis of Alexandra Thedeby.  Considering the system with an air plant that ensures the possibility of heating on one side and cooling on the other. By changing the configuration it allows both winter and summer acclimatization. These elements are expected to be an effective element for zero-energy buildings, if coupled with solar thermal energy and photovoltaic with particular reference to create radiant heat pumps on the walls of a building.

It must be remarked that this acclimatization method ensures the ideal efficiency during summer cooling if coupled with a photovoltaic generator. The air circulation could be also used for cooling the temperature of PV modules.

The most important engineering requirement is the accurate design of heat sinks to optimize the heat exchange and minimize the fluiddynamic losses.

Thermodynamic parameters 
The efficiency can be determined by the following relation:

where  is the temperature of the cooling surface and  is the temperature of the heating surface.

The key energy phenomena and the reason of defining a specific use of thermoelectric elements (Figure 1) as heat pump resides in the energy fluxes that those elements allow realizing:

 Conductive power : 
Heat flux on the cold side : 
Heat flux on the hot side : 
Electric power : 

Where the following terms are used: , electric current; α Seebeck coefficient; R electric resistance, S surface area, d cell thickness, and k thermal conductivity.

The efficiencies of the system are:

 Cooling efficiency:  
 Heating efficiency: 

COP can be calculated according to Cannistraro.

Final uses 
Thermoelectric heat pumps can be easily used for both local acclimatization for removing local discomfort situations. For example, thermoelectric ceilings are today in an advanced research stage with the aim of increasing indoor comfort conditions according to Fanger, such as the ones that may appear in presence of large glassed surfaces, and for small building acclimatization if coupled with solar systems.

Those systems have the key importance in the direction of new zero emissions passive building because of a very high COP value and the following high performances by an accurate exergy optimization of the system.

At industrial level thermoelectric acclimatization appliances are actually under development

References

Heating
Thermodynamics
Opuyo–Moroto High Voltage Power Line. The Opuyo–Moroto High Voltage Power Line is a high voltage electricity power line, connecting the high voltage substation at Opuyo, a southern suburb of the city of Soroti, in the Eastern Region to another high voltage substation at Moroto, in the Northern Region of Uganda. The power line was energized in June  2021.

Location
The 132 kilo Volt power line starts at the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) 132kV substation at Opuyo, Soroti District, in Uganda's Eastern Region, approximately , by road, south-east of Soroti, the largest urban center in the Teso sub-region. The power line travels in a general north-easterly direction to end at another 132kV substation, also owned by UETCL, located at Moroto City, in Moroto District, a total distance of about . The road distance between Opuyo and Moroto is about , but the power line is a little shorter, because it does not always follow the road.

Overview
The power line was developed as part of plans to improve grid power delivery and reliability to the districts that constitute the Karamoja sub-region. Using US$80 million, borrowed from the Islamic Development Bank, the government of Uganda funded the construction of this power line, including a new substation at Moroto. Grid electricity was introduced in Karamoja in 2013, but distribution remains sparse.

Associated power lines
Each of the five districts in the Karamoja sub-region is expected to receive a feeder line off this power line, to bring grid electricity closer to the people who need it.

Project Engineering and work supervision
Supervision of works contract was awarded to Ghods Niroo Engineering Company .

Construction
Nanjing Daji Steel Tower Manufacturing Company Limited of China, is the main contractor on this project. Construction began in July 2017 and was concluded in 2021, with commercial commissioning in June 2021.

See also
Energy in Uganda
List of power stations in Uganda

References

External links
Website of the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited
Karuma Power Project Works Begin As Experts Meet Community

High-voltage transmission lines in Uganda
Energy infrastructure in Africa
Energy in Uganda
Energy infrastructure completed in 2021
2021 establishments in Uganda
Ashwin Gumaste. Ashwin Gumaste is an Indian computer engineer and institute chair professor at the department of computer science and engineering of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. He is known for his work on Carrier Ethernet Switch routers—the largest technology transfer  between any IIT and industry.

Ashwin Gumaste, was previously with Fujitsu Laboratories of America in Richardson Tx, USA, as a member of research staff (2001–05), and held positions at Fujitsu Network Communications and Cisco Systems. Prior to his current appointment Gumaste has also served as the James R. Isaac Chair Assistant professor at IITB before holding the institute chair associate professorship of the institution. He also held positions as a visiting scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology at their research laboratory for electronics (Claude-E-Shannon group). Ashwin Gumaste holds 25 US patents.

Ashwin Gumaste has published 175 peer-reviewed research articles in journals and conference proceedings, He has also published three books, viz. DWDM Network Designs and Engineering Solutions, First Mile Access Networks and Enabling Technologies and Broadband services : business models and technologies for community networks.

Ashwin Gumaste, is a recipient of the Swaranajayanti fellowship  of the Department of Science and Technology, and has received honors such as DAE-SRC Outstanding Research Investigator Award (2010), the Young Engineer Award of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (2010), the Vikram Sarabhai Research Award (2012) and the IBM Faculty Award (2012).

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to engineering sciences in 2018.

Developed products and technologies 
The Carrier Ethernet Switch Router (CESR) developed by Gumaste and his team were transferred to PSU ECIL. The CESRs are a family of three products - a table-top switch with 4x1G and 8FE ports, a metro edge device with data-center capability, and a core router with 96 Gbit/s cross-connect capability. One of the salient features of the CESRs was a 1-microsecond port-to-port latency across layer 0–3. The CESRs were also developed as a carrier-class technology. The CESRs have been widely deployed, such as in service providers  and data-centers. In the year 2018, Gumaste and his team developed a terabit SDN router in collaboration with ANURAG DRDO.

Selected bibliography

Books

Articles

See also 

Access network
Broadband
Telecommunications
Software-defined networking

References

External links 
 
 
 

Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of IIT Bombay
21st-century Indian inventors
Indian electronics engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology people
Fujitsu people
Living people
G. V. Barbee Bridge. The G. V. Barbee Bridge carries NC 133 across the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (ICW), connecting Oak Island, North Carolina to the mainland. The ,  structure, built under contract to the NC DOT, consists of 37 concrete girder main spans and 28 hollow core concrete slab approach spans. In the 2018/ 2019 time frame, DOT replaced all 28 cored concrete slabs and the barrier rails, resurfaced the roadway and made substructure repairs to include work on the pier caps, columns, piles and footings.

History
 When the ICW was completed in the late 1930s, a swingbridge initially provided access to Oak Island.  Destroyed by a barge strike in 1971, construction of a high rise replacement named after G. V. Barbee, a distinguished Oak Island resident, began in 1972 and opened for traffic in 1975 (interim service included a ferry and pontoon bridge). The extensive repairs which commenced in October 2018 were completed in April 2019.

Design and construction
The concrete deck bridge is 32’  wide and consists of two traffic lanes with a pullout lane on each side.  The bridge begins a fairly sharp rise just after the NC133 roadway passes by the Cape Fear Regional Jetport, going over the ICW at it highest point (65’ above Mean High Water). It then descends to the marsh where 28 approach spans bring it onto Oak Island.   The National Bridge Inventory Data Base for 2016 noted that the bridge railings did not meet acceptable standards. This became quite apparent when in December 2017, a dump truck crashed through the concrete guard railing into the marsh killing the driver. The new rails which were installed in 2019 are now  structurally similar to those on the Swain's Cut Bridge which connects the island to the mainland further west.

References

External links
 

Road bridges in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Brunswick County, North Carolina
Concrete bridges in the United States
Oxidative carbonylation. Oxidative carbonylation is a class of reactions that use carbon monoxide in combination with an oxidant to generate esters and carbonate esters.  These transformations utilize transition metal complexes as homogeneous catalysts.  Many of these reactions employ palladium catalysts.  Mechanistically, these reactions resemble the Wacker process.

Illustrative oxidative carbonylations
Oxidative carbonylation, using palladium-based catalysts, allows certain alkenes to be converted into homologated esters:
2 RCH=CH2 + 2 CO  + O2 + 2 MeOH → 2 RCH=CHCO2Me + 2 H2O
Such reactions are assumed to proceed by the insertion of the alkene into the Pd(II)-CO2Me bond of a metallacarboxylic ester  followed by beta-hydride elimination (Me = CH3).

Arylboronic acids react with Pd(II) compounds to give Pd(II)-aryl species, which undergo carbonylation to give Pd(II)-C(O)aryl. These benzyl-Pd intermediates are intercepted by alkenes, which insert.  Subsequent beta-hydride elimination gives the arylketone.

The conversion of methanol to dimethylcarbonate by oxidative carbonylation is economically competitive with phosgenation.  This reaction is practiced commercially using Cu(I) catalysts:
2 CO + O2 + 4 MeOH → 2 (MeO)2CO + 2 H2O

The preparation of dimethyl oxalate by oxidative carbonylation has also attracted commercial interest. It requires only C1 precursors:
4 CO  + O2 + 4 MeOH → 2 (MeO2C)2 + 2 H2O

References

Chemical reactions
Carbon monoxide
Coca Codo Sinclair Dam. The Coca Codo Sinclair Dam is a hydroelectric dam in Ecuador. It is located on the Coca River in Napo Province,  east of Quito. It is the largest energy project in Ecuador. The dam was constructed by Chinese engineering firm Sinohydro Corporation for $2.25 billion.

The plant became fully operational in November 2016. It has a capacity of 1,500 megawatts.

Funding of dam

Over the years, China provided $19 billion in the form of loans to Ecuador for the construction of "bridges, highways, irrigation, schools, health clinics and a half dozen dams" including the Coca Codo Sinclair dam. According to an article in The New York Times, Ecuador repays its debt to China by providing China with oil "at a discount". By 2018, this meant that China imported 80 percent of oil produced in Ecuador. The loan from China’s Export-Import Bank for the Coca Codo Sinclair Dam amounts to $1.7 billion with an interest rate of 7% interest over 15 years which is $125 million a year in interest alone.

Post construction
In December 2018, 7,648 large and small cracks were identified in the generator hall and in surrounding equipment. The cracks were first discovered in 2014 but the full extent of them is unknown as a thorough assessment would include deconstructing portions of the power plant which is cost prohibitive.

After the dam became operational, its reservoir caused regressive erosion upstream and water absent of sediment released from the dam has caused high rates of erosion downstream which likely led to two oil spills after pipelines along the river lost their footings. Downstream erosion, if left unchecked would undermine the dam and other oil infrastructure by 2022. Additionally, the erosion resulted in the destruction of San Rafael Falls further downstream and the resulting headward erosion is destroying the village of San Luis.

References

2016 establishments in Ecuador
Buildings and structures in Napo Province
Dams completed in 2016
Dams in Ecuador
Energy infrastructure completed in 2016
Hydroelectric power stations in Ecuador
Uriah Dudley. Uriah Dudley FIAME (c. 1852 – 8 February 1909) was a mining engineer, inventor and mine manager in Broken Hill, New South Wales and in Western Australia. He was secretary, Mine Managers Association of Broken Hill from 1890 and general secretary of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy from its foundation in 1893 to 1897.

History
Dudley was manager of the Sydney Rockwell syndicate's mine known as "Wright's" in Broken Hill from March 1888 to 1889, when he was employed as manager of the 
Umberumberka silver-lead mine near Silverton. While there he was an active member of the community, teaching geology, mineralogy, mining, metallurgy and physics at the Silverton Technical School, was elected Mayor of Silverton and appointed to the Silverton licensing court in 1891.
That same year he was elected president Silverton Chess Club.

Early in 1895 he was appointed manager of the chloridizing plant at the Proprietary mine, then in November took over management of the Golden Bar gold mine, Coolgardie. He left Coolgardie in August 1896 after publishing optimistic reports of further finds but having no working capital to develop the mine.
From March to September 1897 he managed the Golden Rhine at Menzies, Western Australia.

He was in 1899 manager of the White Rocks Silver Mine Ltd. at Emmaville, New South Wales.

In 1901 he was appointed manager of the Emperor gold mine at Day Dawn. In 1902 he was appointed JP for the Murchison district of Western Australia secretary of the Day Dawn Chamber of Mines, and in 1904 licensing magistrate.

In 1904 he left for England, where he suffered a paralytic stroke, and returned to New South Wales, where he died.

Patents
Dudley was granted patents for several inventions, including in 1898 an improved continuous flow centrifugal dryer.

Recognition
Dudley was elected to the Liverpool Geological Association, in 1893.

In 1896 he was elected vice-chairman of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, West Australian branch.

His portrait is included in the AIMM website gallery.

Family
He was married to Emma (c. 1855 – 10 January 1916).
Their only son, Charles Dudley (born 1880), drowned after his canoe capsized at Glenelg beach on 25 December 1895.

References 

1850s births
1909 deaths
Australian mining engineers
19th-century Australian engineers
Australian mineralogists
Australian mine managers
Mayors of places in New South Wales
History of Broken Hill
19th-century Australian politicians
Colony of New South Wales people
Boarding Party. Boarding Party is a solitaire science fiction board game published by Task Force Games in 1982 that simulates a boarding party of humans trying to deactivate a killer spaceship.

Description
Boarding Party is a solitaire microgame in which the player controls a party of humans that must board an automated killer space ship that is temporarily disabled and destroy the central computer before the ship can reboot itself and go on a killing rampage. The player only has 14 turns to accomplish this task. 

The map represents the narrow winding corridors of the space ship that all lead to the central computer. Automated robots randomly move up and down the corridors at the start of the game. Once the humans have reached the central computer, surviving robots all converge on the central computer room.

Publication history
Boarding Party was designed by Thomas Condon, and featured  front cover art by William H. Keith Jr. and back cover art by R. Vance Buck. It was published by Task Force Games in 1982.

Reception
In Issue 64 of Space Gamer, Edwin J. Rotondaro liked the game but questioned its staying power, saying, "Overall, I have to give Boarding Party a B−.  The game's not bad, it just doesn't have a lot of replay value."

In Issue 27 of Simulacrum, Brian Train noted, "The cramped map and the inane moves of the robots make the game frustrating at times. I
seemed to spend more of my time fumbling at stacks of chits in all too small rooms trying to figure out if they’d just moved or not. A bigger map with ‘spaces’ in which players could stack counters which had just moved and those which had not would have made the game much easier to play."

Other reviews and commentary
 Nexus #7

References

Board games introduced in 1982
Science fiction board games
Task Force Games games
Debbie Senesky. Debbie Senesky is an associate professor of Aeronautics at Stanford University. She is the principal investigator of the EXtreme Environment Microsystems Laboratory, and studies nanomaterials in extreme environments.

Early life and education 
Senesky was interested in maths as a child. She studied mechanical engineering at the University of Southern California and was the first member of her family to go to college. During her undergraduate degree she worked in a cleanroom. She moved to the University of California, Berkeley for her doctoral studies, earning a Master's in 2004 and a PhD in 2007. Her PhD looked at heat resistant materials and was supported by an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship. After her doctorate, Senesky worked at GE Sensing and Hewlett-Packard.

Career 
Senesky is an aerospace engineer who works on nanoscale sensors that can work in extreme conditions. She was appointed to the aeronautics department at Stanford University in 2012. She was awarded an Early Career Faculty Space Tech Research Grant from NASA in 2012. Since 2014 she has led the EXtreme Environment Microsystems Laboratory (X-Lab) at Stanford University. In 2015 she designed a soot-particulate sensor with Stephen Luby. The sensor was made from Gallium nitride, sapphire and metal–semiconductor interfaces. She was selected as a speaker for the Stanford University Rising Stars conference in 2017. She edited the 2014 SPIE volume Sensors for Extreme Harsh Environments.

Women in science activities 
Senesky is involved with a number of initiatives to improve diversity in science. She serves on the board of the nonprofit Scientific Adventures for Girls.  She delivered a keynote at the Introduce a Girl to Engineering celebration at Agilent Technologies. In 2018 she chaired the Women in Aerospace Symposium at Stanford University. She appeared on the podcast People Behind the Science. She is a member of the NASA space technology mission directorate.

Awards and honours 

 2018 AnitaB.org Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton
 2016 National Academy of Engineering Selected Participant, US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium
 2015 IEEE Electron Devices Society Golden Reviewer
 2012 NASA Early Faculty Career Award
 2012 Stanford University Frederick E. Terman Faculty Fellow
 2012 Stanford University Gabilan Faculty Fellow
 2004 Sloan Foundation Ph.D. Fellowship

References 

American mechanical engineers
Stanford University faculty
University of Southern California alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women engineers
21st-century American engineers
Women aerospace engineers
Dassault MD.750. The Dassault MD.750 (Mirage 6000 or Mega Mirage or Spectre) was a single-seat twinjet tailless delta interceptor aircraft concept developed by Dassault Aviation beginning in 1958 and being periodically reworked through the 1960s.

Design
Among the design goals were a maximum speed of Mach 3.5, with a high rate of climb of about 5 or 6 minutes to an altitude of . 

The delta wing is mounted low and extends most of the length of the fuselage aft of the intakes, as with other Mirage fighters, and it has a single vertical tail but uses square section intake ramps with a linear shock plate rather than shock cones, as used on the North American A-5 Vigilante and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 unlike other Mirage fighters, with a similarly boxy fuselage intake section to those types. The existence of the project under the name Spectre was confirmed by Dassault Aviation's Vice-president in a tweet containing several artist's renditions.

See also

Dassault Mirage 4000
Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow

References

Citations

Works cited
 

Dassault aircraft
twinjets
French fighter aircraft
Tailless delta-wing aircraft
TTS-IS. TTS-IS (Russian Тяжелый транспортный самолет интегральной схемы (ТТС-ИС), heavy transport aircraft integrated circuit (HTA-IC)) is a project by TsAGI for a very large wing-in-ground-effect, lifting-body cargo aircraft with a take-off weight of 1000 tons, a payload of 500 tons, with a flight range of over 6000 km, a cruising speed of 500 km / h. Although the aircraft typically flies at  above water, ice, or ground to reduce drag, it is designed to take off and land at conventional airports, unlike most ground effect vehicles but similar to the Boeing Pelican. As with the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 747-8, the aircraft is designed to land at airports that meet the Aerodrome Reference Code code 4F standard of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It is also notable for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as its aviation fuel source, and for the use of intermodal containers that are standardized in train, ship, and truck freight instead of the smaller unit load devices that are common in air freight transportation.

Also called Heavy Cargo Aircraft with Lifting Body (HCA-LB), the aircraft is the result of work beginning in 2014 as a proposal by TsAGI under a Russian government contract. The HCA-LB was formally introduced to the public in January 2017, and it began wind tunnel testing in 2018. The aircraft is targeting for a service entry in the 2030s or later. It carries twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in four rows of six containers side by side on the port and starboard parts of the aircraft, for a total capacity of 48 TEUs. The two cargo areas are separated by an insulated fuel tank stretching the length of the center fuselage, holding cryogenic liquefied natural gas (LNG). The HCA-LB is nominally powered by a row of four turboprop engines positioned behind the cargo, atop the fuselage in a pusher configuration, although the propulsion method will be investigated with greater detail in the future. The HCA-LB has a pi-tail empennage, with the twin vertical tails extending from near the back outer corners of the cargo sections. Outboard of the cargo sections are non-cargo bearing, shorter, thinner swept wings with downward-pointing wingtips.

The HCA-LB is similar in configuration to the Boeing Model 754.

Specifications

See also

References

Soviet and Russian cargo aircraft
Proposed aircraft of Russia
Lifting bodies
Ekranoplans
Four-engined pusher aircraft