omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nadine Aubry. Nadine Aubry is an American engineer.  She previously served as Provost and Senior Vice President of Tufts University.  She is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the National Academy of Inventors, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2009, she was the Raymond J. Lane Distinguished Professor and University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University.

Aubry is also an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering (2011) for contributions to low-dimensional models of turbulence and microfluidic devices, and for leadership in engineering education. She was elected an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2023.

References

20th-century births
Living people
American engineers
Cornell University alumni
Northeastern University faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Florian Neukart. Florian Neukart is an Austrian business executive, computer scientist, physicist, and scientific author known for his work in quantum computing and artificial intelligence. He has primarily been working on utilizing quantum computers, artificial intelligence, and related technologies for solving industry problems. In his work on artificial intelligence, he describes methods for interpreting signals in the human brain in combination with paradigms from artificial intelligence to create artificial conscious entities.

Biography
Neukart holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the Transilvania University of Brasov and master's degrees in physics, information technology, and computer science from the Liverpool John Moores University, CAMPUS02 University of Applied Sciences and the Joanneum University of Applied Sciences.

Work 
He is a member of the Board of Management at Terra Quantum AG, and previously worked as Director, Advanced Technologies and IT Innovation at Volkswagen Group of America, where he was concerned with research in the fields of quantum computing, quantum machine learning, artificial intelligence, and materials science. Neukart, born in Bruck/Mur, was also a member of the World Economic Forum's global future council on quantum computing, and an assistant professor for quantum computing at Leiden University.

He is the author of the books "Reverse Engineering the Mind Consciously Acting Machines and Accelerated Evolution", in which he elaborates on establishing a symbiotic relationship between a biological brain, sensors, AI, and quantum hard- and software, resulting in solutions for the continuous consciousness problem as well as other state-of-the-art problems, and "Humankind's Hunger for Energy: The journey of a million years, from using flints to harvesting galaxies", in which he describes the evolution of humankind in terms of its energy consumption. He is the co-editor of the book "Chancen und Risiken der Quantentechnologien", in which the potential and the risks of quantum technologies for society and industry are discussed.

His work has been featured broadly in the media. He was one of the first researchers to propose and implement quantum neural networks. At Volkswagen, he pioneered applied quantum computing and was among the first ones to solve real-world problems of society and environment employing quantum computers. Neukart was awarded by the Science Park Austria for his work in biologically-inspired artificial intelligence software.

References

1982 births
Living people
People from Bruck an der Mur
21st-century Austrian mathematicians
21st-century Austrian philosophers
21st-century Austrian physicists
Theoretical computer scientists
Austrian computer scientists
Quantum mind
Quantum physicists
TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre. TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre is a research center that is a joint venture between India's research thinktank TERI and Australia's Deakin University. Located in Gurgaon and founded in 2011, Haryana, it was inaugurated in April 2017 by Indian PM Narendra Modi and his Australian counterpart Malcolm Turnbull. It is the world's most advanced nanobiotechnology research centre, and aims to create innovative ideas to solve existing problems related to agriculture and other sectors in both the countries.

References

External links 
 

Research institutes
Scientific organisations based in India
Ernst Rothauser. Ernst Rothauser (7 July 1931 – 4 August 2015) was an Austrian computer scientist. As member of Heinz Zemanek's "Mailüfterl-Team", he worked on the country's first transistor computer. After finishing his dissertation he was hired by IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, retiring in 1995.

Career

Rothauser worked on the  Mailüfterl with Zemanek and a team of students. In 1960, he finished his dissertation about the Vocoder at TU Wien. It was first used in the Siemens studio for electronic music, before being used in popular music in the 1970s.

Rothauser owned several patents patented by the IBM Research Laboratory Zurich, including one for a network switches.

Work

Projects 
 Crossing from HOST-Services to Client-Server-Architecture (1990–1995) for the IBM-Laboratories Zurich/Rüschlikon  –  ""

Patents 
 Arrangement for the alteration of the fundamental tone, speech rate and tone of voice signals analyzed by the vocoder principle 1965 
 US-Patent "Device for excitation controlled smoothing of the spectrum-channel signals of a vocoder, 1969, US 3431355 A 
 "Method and apparatus for controlling access to a communication network",
 "Flow control mechanism for block switching nodes", Philippe A. Janson, Hans R. Muller, Ernst H. Rothauser,  
 "Data Retrieval System for replying to inquiries in synthesized vocal sound", Ernst Rothauser, Weil I. Schonbuch, Helmut Lamparter, Kurt Bergmann, Guenter Knauft, Wilhelm Spruth,
 Method and arrangement for message transmission using the vocoder principle, DE1215209 B

Publications 
 "Pulse method to transmit speech using the vocoder principle". Dissertation at TU Wien, 1960
 "The integrated vocoder and its application in computer systems", 1966 IBM Journal of Research and Development 
 "IEEE Standard Method for Measurement of Weighted Peak Flutter of Sound Recording and Reproducing Equipment", 1972, 
 "IEEE An Effective Scheduling Algorithm for Parallel. Transaction Processing Systems",  
 "IEEE Recommended Practice for Speech Quality Measurements", Rothauser, 2003,  
 "History-Based Batch Job Scheduling on Workstation Clusters", Rothauser, Wespi, 1997
 "Simulated Vocoder Analysis", Ernst Rothauser, Dietrich Maiwald, 1968 Acoustical Society of America
 "History-Based Batch Job Scheduling on Workstation Clusters", Andreas Wespi, Ernst Rothauser

References 

1931 births
2015 deaths
Scientists from Vienna
University of Vienna alumni
Austrian computer scientists
Academic staff of TU Wien
Auguste Bottée de Toulmon. Jean-Joseph-Auguste Bottée de Toulmon (6 February 1764 in Laon – 18 October 1815 in Tourny) was a French general manager of powders and saltpeter.

Biography 
A general manager of powders and saltpeter during the National Convention, a professor at the École polytechnique (1812-1816), Bottée de Toulmon established the powder mill of Maromme, near Rouen.

He is the inventor of a hydrostatic test tube used to determine the explosive force of powders.

Musicologist Auguste Bottée de Toulmon (1797-1850) was his son.

Works 
 1812: Art de fabriquer la poudre à canon (with Riffault)
 1812: Art du salpêtrier

References 

1764 births
People from Laon
1816 deaths
Academic staff of École Polytechnique
19th-century French inventors
Conformon. From a biological standpoint, the goal-directed molecular motions inside living cells are carried out by biopolymers acting like molecular machines (e.g. myosin, RNA/DNA polymerase, ion pumps, etc.). These molecular machines are driven by conformons, that is sequence-specific mechanical strains generated by free energy released in chemical reactions or stress induced destabilisations in supercoiled biopolymer chains. Therefore, conformons can be defined as packets of conformational energy generated from substrate binding or chemical reactions and confined within biopolymers.

On the other hand, from a physics standpoint, the conformon is a localization of elastic and electronic energy which may propagate in space with or without dissipation. The mechanism which involves dissipationless propagation is a form of molecular superconductivity. On quantum mechanical level both elastic/vibrational and electronic energy can be quantised, therefore the conformon carries a fixed portion of energy. This has led to the definition of quantum of conformation (shape).

References 

Biophysics
Harold E. Gray. Harold E. Gray (April 15, 1906 – December 23, 1972) was an American pilot and executive for Pan American World Airways who was CEO from 1968 to 1969.

Early life and education
Gray was born on April 15, 1906, in Guttenberg, Iowa. He attended the University of Iowa, but dropped out after his sophomore year to take flight training at the Army Air Corps Training Center in San Antonio, Texas. He later graduated from the University of Detroit with a degree in aeronautical engineering.

Early aviation career
Gray began his aviation career with the Ford Motor Company, flying their Ford Trimotor airplanes. He then worked for Sky View Lines, flying tourists over Niagara Falls.

Pan Am

Pilot
In 1928, Gray was working for Sky View in Miami when met the staff of Pan Am. He was hired as the company's the tenth pilot. His first assignment was to fly a hazardous route over the jungles of South America. In 1934 he qualified as Pan Am's first master of ocean flying boats. Between 1937 and 1939 he piloted Pan Am's first survey flights to Bermuda, Ireland, Southampton, the Azores, Lisbon, and Marseille.

On March 29–30, 1939, Gray piloted the Yankee Clipper on the first ever trans-Atlantic passenger flight. The first leg of the flight, Baltimore to Horta, Azores, took 17 hours and 32 minutes and covered 2,400 miles. The second leg from Horta to Pan Am's newly built airport in Lisbon took 7 hours and 7 minutes and covered 1,200 miles. Following the flight, Gray described the flight over the radio for the National Broadcasting Company.

In 1941, Gray piloted the Cape Town Clipper on what was then the world's longest proving flight. He flew 19,000 miles from La Guardia Airport in New York City to Léopoldville in the Belgian Congo and back.

In 1947, Gray retired from flying.

Executive
In 1944, Gray became the operations manager for Pan Am's Atlantic division. Two years later he became the assistant manager in charge of planning for the Atlantic division. In 1949 he was placed in charge of the Pacific-Alaska division. In 1952 he was named executive vice president, Atlantic division. In 1959 he was elected to the board of directors.

In July 1964, Gray was elected president of Pan Am, succeeding company founder Juan Trippe, who remained as chairman and chief executive officer. In May 1968, Trippe retired and Gray was elected to succeed him as chairman and chief executive officer.

In November 1969, Gray stepped down as CEO. He was succeeded by company president Najeeb Halaby. He remained the company's chairman until May 1970 when he retired due to illness.

During his tenure as a Pan Am executive, Gray was known for improving the company's technical, safety, and operating standards.

Death
Gray died on December 23, 1972, of cancer at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City.

References

1906 births
1972 deaths
American airline chief executives
Aviators from Iowa
Pan Am people
People from Guttenberg, Iowa
University of Detroit Mercy alumni
Smart's Bridge. Smart's Bridge, Llanelly, Monmouthshire, is a cast-iron bridge situated in Clydach Gorge. Constructed in 1824, it gave access to the Clydach Ironworks, the most significant industrial enterprise in the gorge. The bridge was designated a Grade II* listed structure in 2000.

History

The Clydach Ironworks were established in 1793 by Edward Frere and Thomas Cooke, on land sublet from the Duke of Beaufort. By the early 19th century, the works were the major industrial enterprise in the gorge and Smart's Bridge was built in 1824 to give a tramway link from the works to the Clydach Railroad. By the mid 19th century, the firm was heavily in debt, and closed in 1861. The ironworks were bought, firstly, by the Clydach Sheet and Bar Iron Company, and, secondly, by the Brynmawr Coal and Iron Company, and finally closed in 1877.

In 1987, Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council took responsibility for the site, stabilised the remains, and opened it to the public.

Architecture and description

The bridge is a single span, of cast iron, with "lancet tracery in the arch spandrels." The bridge is constructed on rubble piers and is 2.09 meters in length. The railings are replacements from the 1980s.

Notes

References 
 

Bridges in Monmouthshire
Grade II* listed buildings in Monmouthshire
Sanghamitra Mohanty. Sanghamitra Mohanty (1 April 1953 – 1 July 2021) was an Indian computer scientist. She had a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in physics. She worked as a lecturer, reader and professor in computer science at Utkal University from 1986 to 2011. She was born in Cuttack, Odisha.

Research 
Mohanty did research in the fields of artificial intelligence, speech processing, image processing, natural language processing, fractal geometry, weather prediction, and high energy physics. Mohanty had thirteen Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on Indian Language Technology Solutions. More than 160 of her research papers were published in international journals and conference proceedings. She visited a number of institutions in India and abroad for academic collaboration and research.

Awards and fellowships 
She was the recipient of the Samanta Chandrashekhar Award of Odisha Bigyan Academy of Science and Technology Department, Government of Odisha for her contribution to engineering and technology in 2012. She was a Fellow of the Women's Engineering Society of United Kingdom (FWES). Mohanty was the Vice Chancellor of North Orissa University during 2011 to 2014. She was the President of Odisha Bigyan Academy starting in January 2016.

Mohanty died from COVID-19 in 2021.

References

1953 births
2021 deaths
People from Cuttack
Indian computer scientists
Indian women computer scientists
Fellows of the Women's Engineering Society
Academic staff of Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University
Academic staff of Utkal University
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
W. A. Young and Sons Foundry and Machine Shop. The W. A. Young and Sons Foundry and Machine Shop is a historic industrial facility at 116 Water Street in Rices Landing, Pennsylvania.  Founded in 1900 and operating until 1965, it is one of the best-preserved examples of an early 20th-century small industrial machine shop in the nation.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016.

Description and history
The Young Foundry and Machine Shop is located in the village of Rices Landing, on the south side of the Monongahela River in rural southwestern Pennsylvania.  It is set on the south side of Water Street, which separates most of the property from the river.  The shop is a complex of three interconnected wood-frame structures, which are basically utilitarian and vernacular in appearance, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior.  The Front Shop, the largest building, houses the main machine shop on the ground floor and the Pattern Shop on the second floor.  Attached to the rear of this building are two smaller ones, housing the Foundry and the "Back Shop".  Tools and equipment are arranged by function, in order to maximize flexibility.

In the late 19th century, Rice's Landing was a prosperous shipment point for the region.  In 1900 William A. Young built the foundry and machine shop purchased that year.  He established a small foundry and metal machine shop on the premises.  The foundry operated until the 1930s, when Young closed it, unable to compete with larger and more efficient operations.  The shop remained in operation until 1965, operated after Young's death in 1940 by his two sons.  The building and its entire suite of tools, patterns, and records, was acquired by the Greene County Historical Society in 1985.  It sold the property in 2009 to the Steel Industry Heritage Corporation, which has undertaken preservation of the site.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, Pennsylvania

References

National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Industrial buildings completed in 1900
Industrial buildings and structures in Pennsylvania
Greene County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Greene County, Pennsylvania
Historic district contributing properties in Pennsylvania
Andrew Zydney. Andrew L. Zydney is an American chemical engineer, currently a Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at Pennsylvania State University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Zydney obtained his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Chemical Engineering. Zydney is known for his work in Bioprocessing and Bioseparations. Furthermore, Zydney leads his own research group at Pennsylvania State University conducting industry funded research in membrane science and bioseparations.

References

External links

Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Pennsylvania State University faculty
American chemical engineers
Living people
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Stephen M. Balzer. Stephen Marius Balzer ( – September 29, 1940) was a Hungarian-born American mechanic and inventor. He was the founder of the Balzer Motor Company and later donated one of his cars to the Smithsonian Institution, which was the first car in its collection. An engine he created for pioneering aviator Samuel Pierpont Langley was heavily modified and used in a craft that has been considered one of the earliest heavier-than-air aircraft.

Born , Balzer immigrated in the 1870s from the Kingdom of Hungary to the United States. He apprenticed as a watchmaker at Tiffany & Co. When he started his own business in 1894, a machine shop, he already held several patents for mechanical devices, among them a device for making milling cutters and his rotary engine. In the same year, he completed his first prototype automobile, a motorized quadricycle with a tube chassis, less than . It had a rotary, air-cooled, 3-cylinder engine, mounted vertically in the rear and revolving around a fixed crankshaft. Turning with the crank case was a stub shaft. It further had a three-speed manual transmission with no reverse. One lever engaged speeds and clutch. Each front wheel had its own bicycle fork axle which were connected by a bar which was operated by a tiller.) By 1897, he had built three cars. Balzer would later recount that he was required by an officer of the New York Police Department to have one of his early test-model cars, which could be driven at a maximum speed of no more than , accompanied by someone walking in front of the car waving a red flag.

On May 16, 1899, Balzer donated his prototype to the Smithsonian Institution, the first automobile in its collection. It is currently in collection.

He developed also 5-cylinder rotary engines. When Smithsonian Institution Secretary Samuel Pierpont Langley learned about these vehicles and their engine in 1898, he contacted Balzer, ordering one for his experimental airplane. Balzer had challenges completing this engine, delivering finally not earlier than 1900. For proper use, Langley's technical assistant, Charles M. Manly had to modify it heavily. The engine became known as the Manly–Balzer engine, the first purpose-built airplane engine, with credit largely given to Manly, who was later awarded a medal for his innovations on the engine by the United States Congress.

His business was not very successful, and he left in 1902, still working as a mechanic.

He moved to Andover, New Jersey, where he died in 1940 at the age of 78.

References

External links
 US-Patent No. 573174 at google.com/patents

1860s births
1940 deaths
American founders of automobile manufacturers
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United States
People from Andover, New Jersey
HMS Tonbridge (T119). Tonbridge was a twin-screw cargo ship that was built in 1924 by D. and W. Henderson and Co. Ltd., Glasgow for the Southern Railway. She was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1940 and converted to a netlayer. She was in service until bombed and sunk by a German aircraft on 22 August 1941.

Description
As built, Tonbridge was  long, with a beam of  and a depth of . She was powered by two triple expansion steam engines, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke. The engines were built by Henderson. They were rated at 166 NHP each. Twin screw propellers gave the ship a speed of .

History

Southern Railway
Tonbridge was built in 1924 as yard number 633 by D. and W. Henderson and Co. Ltd., Glasgow for the Southern Railway. She was launched on 3 June 1924 and completed on 21 July 1924. Her port of registry was London. The Code Letters KRDL and United Kingdom Official Number 147690 were allocated. With the change of Code Letters in 1934, Tonbridge was allocated the letters MLYV.

Royal Navy
In October 1940, Tonbridge was requisitioned by the Admiralty. She was converted to a netlayer for the Royal Navy. She served as HMS Tonbridge with the pennant number  T119. On 22 August 1941, HMS Tonbridge was bombed and sunk in the  North Sea off Great Yarmouth, Norfolk by German aircraft. She was lost 3 cables () off the Scroby Elbow Buoy with the loss of 35 of her crew.

.

References

1924 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Ships of the Southern Railway (UK)
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom
World War II auxiliary ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in August 1941
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Patrice Abry. Patrice Abry from the CNRS & Ecole Normale Suprieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 "for contributions to the theory and applications of fractal analysis and multifractal analysis in signal and image processing".

References 

Fellows of the IEEE
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)