omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Janus (concurrent constraint programming language). Janus is a computer programming language partially described by K. Kahn and Vijay A. Saraswat in the paper "Actors as a special case of concurrent constraint (logic) programming" in 1990. It is a concurrent constraint language without backtracking.

Janus models concurrency through the use of bag channels.  Code that needs to send a message to a process does so by constraining a bag to be the union of another bag and the singleton bag of the message. The other bag is then available to be constrained for sending subsequent messages.

The process receives the message by matching the bag to a pattern that says it is the union of some singleton and some other bag. The logic of the bag channels produces a property shared by the actor model, namely that the order of arrival of the messages is not guaranteed.  However, unlike actors in the actor model, processes in Janus can pass around their "mailboxes" so to speak, in the form of
bags, and can hold more than one.  This ability to pass mailboxes around and hold more than one is inherited in computer programming language ToonTalk, which is influenced by Janus.

Janus, the programming language, is named after Janus, the two-faced Roman god, because every logical variable in Janus has as its two "faces", two aspects that can be passed as arguments.  These are called the asker and the teller.  These represent, respectively, the right to ask the value of the variable (or some characteristic of the value) and the right to tell the value (or to tell some constraint on what the value can be).  The asker and teller aspects can be passed around as arguments independently of each other.  Neither right implies the other right.  The syntax of the language prevents copying a teller or exercising it more than once. Logical contradiction is statically prevented, according to Kahn and Saraswat.

References 

 VA Saraswat, KM Kahn, J Levy (1990). "Janus: A step towards distributed constraint programming." NACLP.
 VA Saraswat, M Rinard, P Panangaden (1991). "The semantic foundations of concurrent constraint programming." POPL.
 David Gudeman, Koenraad De Bosschere, Saumya K. Debray (1992). "jc: An Efficient and Portable Sequential Implementation of Janus". Proc. Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming.

Concurrent programming languages
Logic programming languages
Constraint programming languages
Platform display. A platform display, destination display or train describer (British English) is supplementing the destination sign on arriving trains giving passengers an advance information. Historically they did only show the next destination and sometimes the type of train. In later usage they were replaced by passenger information display systems (PIDS) allowing for real-time passenger information.

The first railway stations had only a time table for passenger information. On larger stations the train porters would help passengers to board the correct train matching with their ticket. They were supervised by a station manager that would handle the security requirements for each departing train. The first help in that task was a bell to remind passengers to board the train in time which on smaller stations does also announce the next train. Different directions would then be called out on the platform. At the time that trains grew into mass transport systems this was not enough anymore. The train handling became optimized to allow for less than a minute from arrival to departure at a stop which triggered the usage of loudspeakers and platform displays. The mechanical types were not standardized and every station had its own range of facilities as they seemed useful.

A train describer is originally an additional apparatus at British railways that ensures that the identity of each train is displayed on the signalbox panel together with the indication of that train's presence, usually offering routing information. This routing information would then be passed through to the platform display for passenger information. Technically the train reporting number was pushed from one signal box to the next. A series of interconnected signal boxes form a train describer system (TDS) transferring train describer data to be shown on the respective signalbox panel in a train describer display. The electric relay interlocking boxes were later replaced by electronic control boards where the train indication is just a text element on the video display.

In a centralized electronic interlocking the current train location and identification is used to predict the arrival at the next stop allowing for countdown clocks for passenger information. The term passenger information display has widely replaced the term platform display as station design can include different types of information displays - like a departure board in the main hall, a shorter list in the tunnels and an announcement of the next train on each platform side - which all get their information from a central electronic railway control system. Additionally passenger information displays have come into use for bus and tram stops as well where the destination display equipment is technically similar.

Gallery

References 

Public transport information systems
Travel technology
Application Implementation Methodology. Application Implementation Methodology (AIM) is a system framework of related elements. It involves certain tasks, processes, phases and dependencies:

 A task is a unit of work, which results in a single deliverable which may take many different forms like reports, schedules, codes, or test results.
 A process is a closely related to a group of dependent tasks fulfilling a major objective. A process is always based on a common discipline.
 A phase is a chronological grouping or order of tasks. It is a flexible way of organising tasks, preparing schedule major deliverables, and deliver projects

External links 
 http://www.readbag.com/oracle-technetwork-topics-agile-ofm-bpc-sep09-webcast-128071

Workflow applications
Creative consumer. A creative consumer is defined as any "individual or group who adapt, modify, or transform a proprietary offering". Traditional consumers simply use and consume products and services, creative consumers do the same but also change them in some way.

Examples include:

 The hacker George Hotz unlocked the original iPhone and hacked Sony's PlayStation 3, then gave away these hacks for free. 
 Jose Avila made FedEx furniture for his apartment exclusively from Federal Express boxes.
 Jim Hill, a devoted Disney fan, designed and delivered guided but unauthorized tours of Disneyland.

In 2005, The Economist published an article about the future of innovation, ‘The rise of the creative consumer’. This article explained that some companies rely on identifying and leveraging the innovation potential of creative consumers. However, many companies may feel threatened or upset by the actions of creative consumers. Hotz, Avila, and Hill all received negative, and in some cases threatening, reactions from the companies whose products and services they had repurposed.

Berthon, et al., proposed that companies can take four general stances on creative consumers. These stances are determined by whether the company's actions toward these creative consumers are active or passive and whether the company's attitude towards creative consumers is either positive or negative.

The four stances are:

 Resist stance (active/negative): restrain consumer creativity
 Discourage stance (passive/negative): tolerate or ignore consumer creativity
 Encourage stance (passive/positive): don't actively facilitate consumer creativity
 Enable stance (active/positive): actively facilitate consumer creativity

See also

References

Bibliography

Sales
Consumer behaviour
TRU Simulation + Training. TRU Simulation + Training (TRU, usually pronounced as in "true") is an American manufacturer of flight simulators and training devices for civil and military markets. It is a subsidiary of Textron and was formed in 2014 when previously acquired simulator manufacturers Mechtronix and OPNICUS were merged with part of Textron Systems division. A further company, business jet training provider ProFlight, was acquired and merged later that year.

In 2014, TRU was selected by Boeing for the development and supply of a 737 MAX full flight training suite, and two years later the company secured a 10-year agreement for a similar product for the newly developed 777X.

In November 2020, the non-US based (Quebec based) civil aviation business (previously Mechtronix sites) was sold to CAE  after Textron announced shutting down this section of its TRU Simulation business in July of the same year.  TRU’s business model is now focused on producing flight simulators for the business aviation, rotorcraft, and military markets.

References 

Textron
Companies based in South Carolina
Douglas Hugh Everett. Douglas Hugh Everett FRS FRSE MBE (26 December 1916 – 25 June 2002) was a British chemist and academic author. His most pertinent contributions to science were in the field of thermodynamics.

He famously (in relation to scientists) said: There are some people who live in a dream world, and there are some who face reality: and then there are some who turn one into the other.

Life
He was born in Hampton, London on 26 December 1916 the son of Charles Everett, who was then serving as a Captain in France in the Middlesex Regiment. His father was a bus-driver in civilian life. He was educated at Hampton-on-Thames Grammar School, then studied Chemistry first at the University of Reading (graduating 1938) then postgraduate studies at Balliol College, Oxford. He was a Kitchener Scholar 1936 to 1939 and Ramsay Fellow 1939 to 1941. He gained his first doctorate (PhD) in 1942.

In the Second World War (1942–45) he was allocated to Special Scientific Duties at the War Office. After the war he returned to Oxford University as an ICI Fellow. In 1947 he left England to lecture in Chemistry at Dundee University. This seemed to act as the catalyst to being offered a lecturing post in Oxford, and he almost immediately returned to his alma mater to lecture. However, a counter offer of a Professorship in Dundee tempted him back in 1948. He continued in this role until 1954.

In 1950 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Edward Copson, George Dawson Preston, David Rutherford Dow and George Howard Bell.

From 1954 he settled in Bristol first as Professor of Chemistry at Bristol University, then Dean of the Faculty of Science (1966–68) and finally Pro-Vice-Chancellor.

The University of Reading granted him an honorary doctorate (DSc) in 1956.

He served as president of the Faraday Society 1976 to 1978.

He died in Bristol on 25 June 2002.

Family

He married Frances Elizabeth Jessop in 1942. She died in 1999. They had two daughters, Susanna and Catharine (Kate).

Publications

The Structure and Properties of Porous Materials (1958)
The Solid Gas Interface (1967)
Introduction to the Study of Chemical Thermodynamics (1972)
Basic Principles of Colloid Science (1988)
SOE: The Scientific Secrets (published 2003) co-written with Frederic Boyce

References

1916 births
2002 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British chemists
Academics of the University of Bristol
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
20th-century British non-fiction writers
Kalkan (radar). Kalkan (Turkish for "shield") is a phased array 3D search and track radar system for low and medium range air defense mission operations.

It is designed and manufactured by Aselsan, a Turkish corporation that produces electronic systems for the Turkish Armed Forces.

Kalkan is currently the main radar of the Turkish Armed Forces' mobile Air Defense Early Warning and Command Control System (HERİKKS) and Medium Altitude Air Defense Missile System Hisar, entering into service in 2008. ASELSAN introduced to the market a new version of the radar, KALKAN-II, and exhibited at International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2017. 

As part of the Next Generation Air Defense Early Warning Radar (KALKAN-II) Procurement Agreement signed between the Ministry of National Defense and ASELSAN in 2016, the acceptance of a total of 11 systems has been completed. The three dimensional radar systems are used as the main search radar of the Turkish Land Forces Command Air Defense Early Warning Command Control System (HERIKKS) and the Medium-Altitude Air Defense missile system (Hisar-O).

Description 
Kalkan-II is a mobile X band phased array 3D search and track radar for point and area defense of critical military and civilian assets. KALKAN-II offers an instrumented range of 120 km and can track multiple targets accurately, adding classification and identification information to each target track. 

Applications
	 Point and area air defense of critical assets
	 Integration to Air Defense Missile Systems & Command Control Systems or a radar sensor in self-operating mode

Features
	 3D Detection and Tracking Fighters, Helicopters, Hovering Helicopters, Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs), Cruise Missiles
	 Multiple target tracking
	 Classification of targets
	 Identification of targets with integrated Mode 5 IFF
	 Jammer direction finding
	 Remote operation with Command Control System
	 Transportable with its own tactical truck having power and communication subsystems 

Technical Specifications
	 Operating Frequency : X-Band
	 Instrumented Range : 100 / ≥ 120 km
	 Target Track Capacity : >60
	 Azimuth Coverage : 360°
	 Elevation Coverage : -10° / +55°

Operators

References 

Aselsan products
Ground radars
 
Military radars of Turkey
Norbert P. Arnold. Norbert P. Arnold, Jr. (November 3, 1920, – December 13, 2014) was an American mechanical engineer, businessman, and politician.

Born in Staples, Minnesota, Arnold served in the United States Navy during World War II. He received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota. He owned a manufacturing company in Pengilly, Minnesota and had invented the Arnold Ranger V (later renamed Arnold Ferret Tracker), a twin-tracked, no-ski season vehicle. From 1967 to 1977, Arnold served in the Minnesota State Senate and was a Democrat. In 1983, Arnold retired and moved to Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota.

Notes

1920 births
2014 deaths
People from Itasca County, Minnesota
People from Staples, Minnesota
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
American mechanical engineers
20th-century American inventors
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Military personnel from Minnesota
Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
People from Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota
20th-century American businesspeople
United States Navy personnel of World War II
20th-century members of the Minnesota Legislature
ACAR Ground Surveillance Radar. ACAR is a surveillance radar, designed and manufactured by ASELSAN A.Ş, a Turkish corporation that produces electronic systems for the Turkish Armed Forces.

Its main role is ground surveillance and artillery fire adjustment.

Features 
ACAR detects, tracks and classifies moving targets. It is also used for artillery fire adjustment, providing feedback on the fall of shot with respect to the intended target. It can be operated as a stand-alone system, or can be integrated onto vehicles, elevated masts or towers. It can be integrated with command & control systems

Operators 
 
 
 - In October 2013, a deal was signed between Aselsan and the Uruguayan Army. As part of the Uruguay border monitoring system project (UBOMS), the ACAR radar and related electro-optical systems have been mounted on telescopic masts on numerous Uruguayan Army Land Rovers
 - Integrated on the Otokar Cobra Platform

References 

Military radars
Surveillance
Global Navigation Grid Code. The Global Navigation Grid Code (GNGC) is a Chinese-developed point reference system designed for global navigation. It is similar in design to national grid reference systems used throughout the world. GNGC was based upon the work of the GeoSOT team, headquartered in the Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University. The concept for this system was proposed in 2015 in Bin Li's dissertation: Navigation Computing Model of Global Navigation Grid Code. GNGC allows easy calculation of space and spatial indexes and can be extended to the provide navigation mesh coding. Along with the Beidou navigation system, GNGC provides independent intellectual property rights, globally applicable standards and global navigation trellis code.

History
From 2009-2013 a research team (the Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS School of Earth and Space Science located at Peking University), in conjunction with Wuhan University, Information Engineering University, Chinese University of Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, completed the National 973 Project: "Global Spatial Information Subdivision Theory and Application Method". As a result of this effort, the team proposed a global subdivision grid frame: Geographic Coordinate Subdivision Grid With One Dimension Integer Coding on 2n Tree (GeoSOT). This work solved the three scientific problems with regards to spatial data organization: basic frame, location code and presentation model.

This work resulted in 28 patent applications. The results of the project were published in a work entitled: Introduction to Spatial Information Subdivision.

Design 
GeoSOT, is a grid system that originates from a center point on Earth and climbs to another point at 50,000 km altitude. It subdivides the earth according to 32 levels into millions of grids 1 cm2 in size. The team proposed a complete area location coding system called "1+4 basic code, N serial extended codes". Above these codes, the global subdivision grid code is a basic one and it has been completed.

GNGC is part of research on Global Sub-division Grid (GSG, or global discrete grid, geographic grid or spatial information grid). It subdivides the Earth's surface into small cells. The research of GSG covers the methods of how to subdivide the Earth into cells of equal size and shape at different levels. GSG improves the proficiency of the spatial information presentation and data organization. GSG is one of the key methods in geo-information science.

Applications 
Main applications include geographic spatial data fusion, multi-source data fusion and geo-science comprehensive analysis.

It can mark location and position elements on a grid. The truing number coding design can simplify location area identification, expression and calculation.

See also 
 Discrete Global Grid

References

Geographic coordinate systems
Flying coffin. Flying coffin is a pejorative term for an aircraft perceived by crews or the public to have a poor safety record or low combat effectiveness.

Commercial aircraft
 McDonnell Douglas DC-10, an American trijet wide-body aircraft
 Boeing 737 MAX, an American narrow-body airliner

Military aircraft

First World War and earlier 
 Airco DH.4, a British two-seat biplane day bomber also called a "flaming coffin" with original fuel tank configuration
 Airco DH.6, a British military trainer biplane used by the Royal Flying Corps
 Georges Levy G.L.40, a three-seated French, amphibious biplane
 Hansa-Brandenburg D.I, also known as the KD (Kampf Doppeldecker) was a German fighter aircraft
 Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2, a British single-engine tractor two-seat biplane also called "Fokker fodder"

Interwar period 
 Brewster F2A Buffalo, an American fighter aircraft which saw service early in World War II
 Potez 540, a French multi-role aircraft which saw service in the Spanish Civil War

Second World War 
Consolidated B-24 Liberator, an American long-range heavy bomber
 Curtiss C-46 Commando, a twin-engine pressurized high-altitude transport aircraft
 Heinkel He 177 Greif, a long-range heavy bomber flown by the Luftwaffe also called a "flaming coffin"
 Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3, a Soviet fighter aircraft built extensively with wood
 Martin B-26 Marauder, an American twin-engined medium bomber

1945–present 
 Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, an American Cold War-era single-engine, supersonic interceptor aircraft also used by the German Air Force
 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21, a Soviet supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft

See also
 Coffin corner (disambiguation)
 Widow maker (disambiguation)
Russellville station. The Russellville, Arkansas Missouri Pacific Depot is a historic passenger railroad station located just north of the intersection of South Denver Avenue and West C Street. It is a long rectangular single-story masonry building, finished in brick and stucco and covered by a hip roof with supporting Italianate brackets, designed in a Mediterranean style that was popular when it was built. At both ends, the roof extends beyond the structure to form a sheltered porch supported by square brick columns. A telegrapher's booth projects from the building's north (track-facing) side. An open breezeway separates the passenger and express freight sections of the depot. Three brick chimneys rise through the ridge line, two above the passenger section to the east and one above the freight section to the 
west. Completed in February 1917, it is typical of many railroad depots of that period; its original tile roof has been replaced by composition shingles.

Mandated by legislation passed in 1915 by the Arkansas General Assembly, depot construction was delayed by local disputes. It was completed by Iron Mountain Railway in early 1917 just a few months before Iron Mountain was acquired by the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

In 1916, the existing railroad freight house was moved and rebuilt two blocks east to make way for the new depot. Located between present-day North Commerce Avenue and North Arkansas Avenue, it was demolished in the 1970s.

The depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

In 1999, the depot was acquired by the city of Russellville.

The statue placed in front of the depot, titled Mr. Conductor, has become a symbol of the thriving downtown market that has developed in recent years. He is posed, pocket watch in hand, calling any last passengers to hop aboard. Although his watch does not tell hours and minutes, it indeed shows the passing of time and once would have told many weary travelers where they would be headed next. Mr. Conductor has become a local personality, often photographed, decorated, and honored.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pope County, Arkansas

References

Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Pope County, Arkansas
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1910
Buildings and structures in Russellville, Arkansas
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Arkansas
Russellville
1910 establishments in Arkansas
Former railway stations in Arkansas
Transportation in Pope County, Arkansas
Kikai Labs. Kikai Labs was an Argentinian company that designed and produced several lines and models of 3D printers until late 2016, when it went bankrupt due to lack of available financing for producing its products and government imposed restrictions in imports of essential components.

Awards
The company has received the following awards:

 RioInfo 2012 (Argentina) -  Award given as the local winner in the Argentine chapter. The award was a paid trip to compete in the national RioInfo conference in Brazil.
 Semi-finalist in Innovar 2013, 2014, 2015 - This competition, hosted by the Argentine government, showcases inventions and grants monetary prizes. Selected competitors, such as Kikai Labs, are invited to the exhibition.

References

Argentine brands
3D printer companies