omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wright Gemini 2. The Wright Gemini 2 is a double-decker bus built by Wrightbus between 2008 and 2013. It was announced in December 2007 but was not named until 2008. It was constructed as a semi-integral vehicle, with chassis modules provided by VDL. The bodywork utilised some lighter materials so that the vehicle was lighter than the Eclipse Gemini and Pulsar Gemini bodied buses. It was available in two versions; the Gemini 2 DL diesel-powered version, and the Gemini 2 HEV diesel-electric hybrid version.

In 2014, the Gemini 2 was superseded by the StreetDeck.

Versions
The Gemini 2 was launched in 2007 as the replacement for the Pulsar Gemini and one-off Pulsar Gemini HEV. It was semi-integral, being based on the updated VDL DB300 chassis. The first two were produced with identical bodywork to the original Pulsar Gemini, however, on subsequent production models, the front and rear ends of the body were facelifted to match the Volvo based Eclipse Gemini 2. It was unveiled at the National Exhibition Centre in November 2008, with a First London Gemini 2 HEV appearing at the show.

Gemini 2 DL
The Gemini 2 DL was offered with Cummins ISBe 6-cylinder engines with Voith or ZF Friedrichshafen gearboxes. A total of 462 Gemini 2 DLs were built between 2009 and 2013, mainly for Arriva, including 322 for its Arriva London subsidiary. First London and London General were the only other customers, taking four and one respectively. A low height version with a flat roof was introduced in 2009 with Arriva North East and Arriva Yorkshire the first customers.

Gemini 2 HEV

The Gemini 2 HEV was offered with a Siemens series hybrid drive system with a 2.4 litre 4-cylinder Ford Puma engine for power generation.

Ten Gemini 2 HEVs were built, Arriva London and First London each purchased five for use on routes 141 and 328. Arriva's being sold to Ensignbus and later to Crosville Motor Services for use as open top buses in Weston-super-Mare until its withdrawal in 2017 while First's were transferred to First West of England and First York until their withdrawal in 2023.

References

Further reading
Wrightbus leading the hybrid electric way in London Wrightbus 2 October 2008
Gemini 2 - Wrightbus points the way to the future of double deckers Wrightbus 4 November 2008
Buses issue 645 December 2008

External links

Double-decker buses
Hybrid electric buses
Low-floor buses
Vehicles introduced in 2007
Gemini 2
Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology. The Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN) (NanoCAT or Institut Català de Nanotecnologia) was established in 2003 by the Catalan government and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). with the aim of attracting skilled international researchers to create a hub for nanoscience and nanotechnology research. In 2006, the collaboration with the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the main Spanish scientific institution, began. Since then it has a new name as Instituto Catalán de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2).

Research areas
Research focused in the following areas:
 Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles and nanotubes
 Design and synthesis of macromolecules for the integration of nanodevices
 Magnetism of thin films and spintronics
 Imaging and manipulation of atoms and molecules
 Theory of surfaces and inter-phases
 Interaction of biomaterials with inorganic matter

Following collaborations between the ICN and the Spanish government's Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CIN2), the ICN and the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) signed a memorandum of understanding of their official collaboration in 2006. This agreement was formalised in 2011, when CSIC representatives joined the ICN's board of patrons, and then in 2013, when the ICN changed its name to the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2).

References

Nanotechnology institutions
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Kirby Building Systems. Kirby Building Systems is a manufacturing company specialising in pre-engineered buildings. It was established in 1976 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Alghanim Industries. Kirby has manufacturing facilities in Kuwait, Ras Al Khaimah, Hyderabad, Haridwar and Vietnam with a production capacity of over 400,000 MT per year. It has sales offices in 70 countries.

History
Kirby was established as a joint venture between Alghanim and Kirby Building Systems Inc. (Nucor), USA in 1976 with a production plant in Kuwait. In 1981, it built the largest textile complex in the world in Alam, Egypt. In 1996, it received ISO 9001:2000 quality certification. In 2000, the plant in Hyderabad was opened; one year later Kirby India received ISO 9001:2000 certification. In 2006, a plant in Haridwar was inaugurated with a capacity of 60,0000 MT. The plant had an investment of Rs 50 crore (500 million Rupees). A year later, another plant was inaugurated in Ras Al Khaimah and construction started on a plant in Vietnam. In 2009, the company reintroduced curved steel structures, an alternative style to other PEB buildings.

Engineering & Manufacturing Capabilities
Kirby centralized its systems, performance, people and products.  Kirby has over 500 people using software for designs and structural detailing as part of the Center of Engineering Excellence (CEE) in Hyderabad in India. Kirby has a total of five manufacturing facilities located in Kuwait, Ras-Al-Khaimah (UAE), Vietnam and India, with a total annual capacity of approximately 400,000 MT, supported by over 4,000 employees. The company operates through 70 sales offices located across six geographical regions, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the rest of the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Eastern Europe and South East Asia. Globally, Kirby has more than 300 certified builders for the installation of steel buildings. Kirby has manufactured more than 65,000 buildings across the globe, including the world's single largest PEB building, the Renault Nissan factory in India.

Gallery

References

Further reading
The Economic Times
Business Standard
Business Standard
The Hindu
The Hindu
The Hindu
The Hindu
Prefabrication in Developing Countries: a case study of India. University of Utah. p. 49.
Trade Arabia

External links
 

Construction and civil engineering companies of India
Industries in Hyderabad, India
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1976
Indian companies established in 1976
Kuwaiti companies established in 1976
Short Cromarty. The Short N.3 Cromarty was a prototype British twin-engined biplane flying boat, designed towards the end of the First World War. Only a single example was built, which first flew in 1921 and was wrecked in 1922.

Development
In April 1917, the British Admiralty developed a requirement for a long-range patrol flying boat to work in support of the Fleet, and issued Specification N.3(b) (later reissued as Air Ministry Specification XXX) to meet this need.  This resulted in designs from Vickers (for the Valentia) and Shorts of Rochester, who, although better known at the time for floatplanes, had gained experience in flying boats, building Felixstowe F.3 and F.5s under licence from April 1917.

Short Brothers received an order for three prototypes just after the Armistice ended the First World War.  Short's design, the N.3 Cromarty, was a large, twin-engine biplane. It was powered by two  Rolls-Royce Condor engines, and had a similar, but larger hull to that of the Felixstowe flying boats, with a biplane tail. It featured a side-by-side cockpit for the two pilots, a large box cockpit for a gunner, who was armed with a COW automatic cannon, and a dorsal position for another gunner armed with a Lewis gun.

Production of the prototypes started in February 1919, but the second and third were cancelled before completion, with the first prototype eventually being launched on 21 March 1921, being first flown by John Lankester Parker on 11 April 1921.

Operational history
After extensive testing, the Cromarty was handed over to the RAF's Seaplane Development Flight on 17 June 1922. In August, the Flight, comprising the Cromarty, two Felixstowe F.5s and a Phoenix Cork, set out on trials of operating large flying boats away from support facilities for extended periods of time. Arriving at St Mary's, Isles of Scilly on 21 August, the Cromarty successfully weathered a storm, but was taxied onto a reef, holing the hull. The damage was declared uneconomic to repair and the Cromarty was scrapped in place.

While the Cromarty had performed well in its limited service, one problem (as with all wooden-hulled flying boats) was soakage of water into the hull, with as much as  of water absorbed after a few weeks of service.  Tests with a metal-hulled Felixstowe F.5 resulted in an order for a prototype of an improved, metal-hulled flying boat, based on the Cromarty. This became the prototype Short Singapore I.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

"Aircraft Production at a Glance". Flight, 14 December 1922, pp. 725–740.
Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London:Putnam, 1967.
London, Peter. British Flying Boats. Stroud, UK:Sutton Publishing, 2003. .
Short, Oswald "All-Metal Flying Boat Hulls". Flight, 17 December 1925. pp. 823–825.
Williams, Anthony G. and Gustin, Emmanuel. Flying Guns: World War I and its Aftermath 1914–32. Ramsbury, UK:Airlife, 2003. .

External links

Photo

1920s British patrol aircraft
Flying boats
Cromarty
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Brad Francis. Brad Francis is a Canadian racing engineer who has worked with teams such as Richard Childress Racing and Bill Davis Racing. He was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 1995.

Brad Francis has built both cars and engines for a wide range of Canadian racers. Earliest contributions included engines for David Billes. Subsequently, he built the 1980 SCCA Trans-Am winning car # 94 for Eppie Wietzes. That car was completed just in time for the first race and, without turning a wheel except to roll off the trailer, it won its first race. The car was then sold to Peter Deman, who ran it as # 22, 42 and 69, 1982 to 1985.

Brad Francis now works at Roush Racing in Charlotte, North Carolina.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Freedom Wings. Freedom Wings, known in Japan as , is a flight simulator developed by Taito and published by Natsume Inc. in the US and Zoo Digital Publishing in Europe. The game combined elements of flight simulators and RPGs as players earned experience points for combat, earn money and maintain other statuses.

Story
The game takes place on an alternate Earth in an era resembling the 1940s. Air pirates have taken to the skies and have placed fear into the hearts of others worldwide. The player assumes the role of a nameless, faceless pilot whose parents were murdered by air pirates, motivating the character to join the Air Patrol Association (APA), a squadron of mercenary pilots hired to clear the skies of air pirate activity.

Gameplay
Freedom Wings features a primarily stylus based interface; players had to maintain speed, altitude, direct the plane and select all options with the stylus (although a manual maneuvering mode was optional). The rest of the plane's functions such as switching targets, firing and viewing radar screen were dependent on the DS buttons. The game forced players to limit their flying time; the longer the player stayed out flying, the more the fuel would deplete, forcing the pilot to head for the nearest friendly airfield to refuel.

From headquarters, players could save their game, take off alone or connect the game to wireless multiplayer mode. The players were urged to go to the airport café where they got new information on where larger air pirate targets were located through other characters. One major point in the game was shop where players could spend their money on new parts and equipment, (which varied depending on which airfield the player was on at the time), resulting in better combat and flight performance.

References

Notes

2006 video games
Alternate history video games
Combat flight simulators
Flight simulation video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Natsume Inc. games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Taito games
Video games developed in Japan
Alliance A-1 Argo. The Alliance A-1 Argo was an American-built two-seat biplane of the late 1920s.

Development
The Alliance Aircraft Corporation of Alliance, Ohio, was formed in 1928 by a reorganisation of the Hess Aircraft Co. The firm designed the A-1 Argo as a sturdy two-seat open-cockpit biplane for operation by private pilot owners. The 'Warrior seven-cylinder engine was designed and produced in the same factory at Alliance.

Operational history
Because of the difficult economic climate then existing, only 20 A-1 Argos were completed. Alliance Aircraft then went into bankruptcy in 1930, being reformed briefly as the Warrior Aeronautical Corporation before that organization also foundered later the same year.

Several Argo biplanes continued in operation by private owners until curtailment of civil flying in the USA in 1941. Two aircraft survived in mid-2009 of which, NC2M (N2M) was rebuilt to airworthy condition by Greg Herrick's Golden Wings Air Museum.

The Ohio History Connection displays a static A-1 Argo on the plaza level of the Ohio History Center. This particular aircraft was constructed in August 1929.

The Alliance Argo, N2M is the same plane as NC2M just the "C" was removed from the aircraft registration by the FAA for all aircraft after 1944. It is listed on the FAA Registry as serial number 108 built in 1929. This aircraft is now owned by Gregory Sean Messner in 100 Mile House, British Columbia, with the registration C-GSMA.

Specifications

See also
Nemeth Parasol

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

  Technical details and photograph of the Alliance Argo

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1929
M5 fiber. M5 fiber (polyhydroquinone-diimidazopyridine or PIPD) is a high-strength synthetic fiber first developed by the Dutch chemical firm AkzoNobel. It is produced in the United States by the Magellan Systems International, which became a division of DuPont.

Preparation

M5 fiber is prepared by a condensation polymerization between tetraaminopyridine and dihydroxyterephthalic acid using diphosphorus pentoxide as a dehydrating agent. The polymer mixture is then heated and extruded to form brightly blue polymer fibers. The fibers are then washed extensively with water and base in order to remove the phosphoric acid generated by the hydration of diphosphorus pentoxide from the polymer.

Next the fiber is heated, to remove water, and exposed to controlled stress, enabling the intermolecular hydrogen bonds to be created, thus increasing the strength of the polymer by aligning the molecular structure of the fiber in a better configuration for tensile and compressive strength.

Properties

M5 has a tensile strength of 4 GPa to 9.5GPa. Other aramids- (such as Kevlar and Twaron) or UHMWPE-fibres (such as Dyneema and Spectra) range from 2.2 to 3.9 GPa.

M5 has "very high levels" of fire resistance, flame retardancy, and chemical resistance, especially high for an organic fiber. It is less brittle than carbon fiber and will yield when stretched.

References

Synthetic fibers
Praga Tools. Praga Tools Limited is an Indian company headquartered at Kavadiguda, Secunderabad, Telangana. It is mainly involved in manufacture of machine tools including CNC machines. It is one of the Defense Public Sector Undertakings.

History 
The company was established in May 1943 as Praga Tools Corporation Limited. In 1960-61, the Praga Tools Corporation had a rise in machine tools' output from Rs. 8 lacs to Rs. 48.32 lakhs.

It was renamed as Praga Tools Limited in 1963 and was transferred to the Ministry of Defence in 1963. HMT Limited took over Praga Tools Limited as one of its subsidiaries in 1986.

During 1995-1996, the company got ISO 9001 accreditation. During 2005-2006, the company had a turnover of 11.48 crores as compared to 12.76 crores during 2004-2005. In 2013-2014, 182 crore rehabilitation package was approved by Board for Reconstruction of Public Sector Enterprises.

References

External links
Praga Tools on ZaubaCorp

Government-owned companies of India
Machine tool builders
Economy of Secunderabad
Manufacturing companies established in 1943
Defunct manufacturing companies of India
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2015
Indian companies disestablished in 2015
Indian companies established in 1943
Establishments in Hyderabad State
Scheduled-task pattern. A scheduled-task pattern is a type of software design pattern used with real-time systems. It is not to be confused with the "scheduler pattern".

While the scheduler pattern delays access to a resource (be it a function, variable, or otherwise) only as long as absolutely needed, the scheduled-task pattern delays execution until a determined time. This is important in real-time systems for a variety of reasons.

References

External links

See also
Command pattern
Memento pattern

Software design patterns
Fisher Avenger. The Avenger is a single-seat, Canadian low-wing, tractor configuration ultralight aircraft. The Avenger was introduced in 1994 and is available as a kit or as plans from Fisher Flying Products.

Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, United States, but relocated to Vaughan, Ontario, Canada.

Development

The Avenger was designed to meet the requirements of the United States FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles regulations, including the maximum  empty weight. Design goals included low cost, an attractive appearance, and accommodation for a  tall,  pilot.

Although originally designed to accept the Half VW powerplant (a Type 1 Volkswagen  engine block cut in half), the aircraft empty weight can be reduced to  with the use of a lighter weight engine, such as the  Rotax 277 or the  2SI 460-35. The Avenger was initially marketed with the now-discontinued Rotax 277 engine, which was criticized as leaving the aircraft dangerously underpowered.

Reviewer Andre Cliche says:

Design
The Avenger structure is entirely constructed from wood, with a low wing braced to the landing gear. The wooden-framed wing is covered with aircraft fabric. The engine cowling is fibreglass. The conventional landing gear features a steerable tailwheel and main-gear suspension.

The cockpit has a removable canopy.

The Avenger has an estimated construction time of 400 hours from the kit.

In 2022 the kit price (without paint, varnish, pilot/passenger restraints, instruments, upholstery, or engine) was US$9320, with the plans selling for US$350.

Recommended engines include the  Rotax 503,  Rotax 447,  2SI 460-35 or  1/2 VW.

Operational history

In December 2004, the company reported that 50 Avengers were flying, the majority as US unregistered ultralights.

Variants
Avenger
With a regular firewall for two-stroke engines. Engine options are  Rotax 447,  Rotax 503, or  Hirth F-33 or  2SI 460-35. Thirty-five had been completed and flown by the end of 2011.
Avenger V
With a 2" narrower firewall to accommodate VW engines. Engines include the  1/2 VW and the  Volkswagen air-cooled engine. Thirty had been completed and flown by the end of 2011.

Specifications (Avenger with Rotax 503)

See also

References

External links

Official website
Photo of a Fisher Avenger with VW engine - rear view
Photo of a Fisher Avenger with VW engine - front view

1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1994
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Avenger
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Erosion index. The erosion index (EI, also called the erodibility index) is created by dividing potential erosion (from all sources except gully erosion) by the T value, which is the rate of soil erosion above which long term productivity may be adversely affected. The erodibility index is used in conjunction with conservation compliance and the Conservation Reserve Program. For example, one of the eligibility requirements for the CRP is that land have an EI greater than 8.

References

United States Department of Agriculture
Soil science
Louis-Jean Résal. Jean Résal (22 October 1854, in Besançon – 14 November 1919, in Paris) was a French civil engineer. He was a professor of mechanical engineering at the École polytechnique, and designed several metal bridges in France, especially bridges above the Seine in Paris:

The career of the brilliant student of the École des ponts ParisTech was always an upward ladder: service in the Roads and Bridges Department at the Loire-Atlantique Département and thereafter in the shipping authority in Paris. Résal succeeded the student of Saint-Venant, Alfred-Aimé Flamant (1839-1915), at the Chair of Strength of Materials at the École des ponts ParisTech in 1892. Although Résal had already published a two-volume work on arch bridges together with Ernest Degrand (1822-1892), he concentrated on the theory and practice of steel bridges from a very early stage and had a profound influence on steel bridges at the transition from the discipline-formation to the consolidation period of theory of structures.

 Nantes Résal Bridge (rail), destroyed during the Second World War, rebuilt in concrete
 Road bridge over the Erdre (Nantes), appointed first bridge Barbin, then Pont du General de la Motte Rouge.
 Mirabeau bridge in Paris (road bridge, 93 m range)
 Alexandre-III Bridge (Paris) (highway bridge, 107 m range)
 Bercy bridge (Paris)
 Gateway Debilly (Paris)
 Bridge of Notre-Dame (Paris)

The bold steel arches of the Pont Général-de-la-Motte-Rouge (1885) in Nantes, Pont Mirabeau (1896) in Paris, Pont de l'Université (1899), Pont Alexandre III (1900) and Pont Notre-Dame (1914) in Paris set standards for steel bridges. All those bridges listed could only be built as a result of Résal’s research into elasticity and the strength of structural steels, work that he summarised in a monograph (1892). Furthermore, Résal made a lasting contribution to earth pressure theory (1903, 1910), which Albert Caquot would use successfully as his starting point.

The Résal effect is named after him.

Works 
Ponts métalliques, 2 Volumes 1885,  Online
With Ernest Degrand: Ponts en maçonnerie, 2 Volumes, 1887,  Volume 1 Online Volume 2 Online
Constructions métalliques, élasticité et résistance des matériaux, fonte, fer et acier, 1892, Online
Résistance des matériaux. Cours de l'École des ponts et chaussées, 1892; 1922, Online
mit Amédée Alby: Notes sur la construction du pont Alexandre III, 1899
Stabilité des constructions. Cours de l'École des ponts et chaussées, 1901,  Online
Poussée des terres, stabilité des murs de soutènement, 1903,  Online
Cours de ponts métalliques professé à l'École nationale des ponts et chaussées. Ponts en arcs et ponts suspendus, 3 Bände, 1912–1922, Online

Achievements

References

French bridge engineers
People from Besançon
1854 births
1919 deaths
B+. B+ may refer to:

B+, a blood type
B+ (grade), an academic grade
B+ (photographer), an Irish photographer and filmmaker based in Los Angeles, California
B+ tree, a data structure
B+, a British home computer BBC Micro model
B+, a British single-board computer Raspberry Pi model
B+, the plus voltage of a Battery (electricity) or plus voltage of an electronic circuit
B Plus, a Belgian non-profit organization