omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
John Toothill (industrialist). Sir John Norman Toothill CBE (11 November 1908 – 5 July 1986) was an English electrical engineer who rose to be Managing Director of Ferranti.

He was the author of the ground-breaking Toothill Report of 1961 and was one of the creators of the modern Scottish electronics industry.

Life
He was born on 11 November 1908 at 13 Trafford Road in Leicester, the only son of John Harold Toothill, an engineer's fitter, and his wife, Helena Gibbins.

Educated at Beaminster Grammar School in Dorset, Toothill left school at the age of seventeen to be apprenticed to Tilling Stevens Ltd, a company in Maidstone which made buses. From there he moved on to Hoffman Manufacturing and then to Harris Lebus, a furniture manufacturer. In 1935 he was appointed as chief cost accountant to Ferranti, which was then a company making electrical instruments, and in 1942 became manager of its new works in Edinburgh. He remained as general manager of Ferranti Scotland until 1968, promoting the company's development into precision engineering and playing a large part in the creation of a Scottish electronics industry. He remained a director of Ferranti until 1975 and in the 1970s and 1980s was also a director of R. W. Toothill Limited, W. A. Baxter & Sons Limited, Fochabers, Moray. He was chairman of AI Welders of Inverness and of Highland Hydrocarbons from 1979 until his death.

In 1947 Toothill was chosen as chairman of the Research Committee of the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, and later chaired its Finance Committee. In 1956 he became a director of Ferranti. He was appointed to an Inquiry into the Scottish Economy, and in 1961 his Toothill Report on the Scottish Economy was published, recommending new investment in the country's less prosperous areas. In the 1964 New Year Honours he was knighted.

Honours
Commander of the Order of the British Empire, 1955
Companion, Institution of Electrical Engineers
Honorary Companion, Royal Aeronautical Society
Knighthood, 1964
Honorary LLD, University of Aberdeen, 1966
Honorary DSc, Heriot-Watt University, 1968
Honorary DSc, Cranfield Institute of Technology, 1970

Notes

1908 births
1986 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English knights
People educated at Beaminster Grammar School
20th-century English businesspeople
NPO Saturn AL-55. The NPO Saturn AL-55 is a high performance turbofan engine manufactured by NPO Saturn Russia, for powering advanced trainers, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and light attack aircraft. A variant of the AL-55I powers the HAL HJT-36 Sitara Indian jet trainer.

Development 
India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, from 1999, was developing HAL HJT-36 Sitara, a subsonic intermediate jet trainer aircraft for the Indian Air Force to replace the ageing HAL HJT-16 Kiran.

Design 
The design comprises five main features. It has a three-stage low pressure compressor, five stage high pressure chamber, an annular combustion chamber and a single stage high and low pressure turbines.

Variants
AL-55
AL-55/I: A variant designed for licensed production in India.

Applications 

 HAL HJT-36 Sitara
 HAL HJT 39
 Mikoyan MiG-AT
 KB SAT SR-10

Specifications

See also 

 List of aircraft engines

References 

2010s turbofan engines
AL-55
India–Russia relations
Denel Dynamics Skua. The Denel Dynamics Skua is a turbojet-engined target drone used to simulate fast-moving attack aircraft during surface-to-air and air-to-air training exercises and weapons tests. It is manufactured by the Denel Dynamics division of the South African state-owned Denel aerospace and defence conglomerate.

Airframe 
The Skua has a composite airframe, its wingspan is 3,57 m and length 6,00 m. Under-wing hardpoints can carry tow-targets and signature enhancement equipment up to 160 kg. An internal payload bay has a capacity of 70 kg. It is recovered by parachute and lands in an inverted position on airbags, this makes water landings possible.

Performance
 Maximum speed: Mach 0,86 at 10 000 m
 Controllable range: 200 km (line of sight)
 Altitude: from 10 m to 10 700 m
 Endurance: 85 minutes at 10 000 m and Mach 0,75

System 
The system includes between four and eight UAVs, a launcher vehicle, a mobile ground control station (GCS) and various support equipment.

The truck-mounted zero-length launcher includes an engine starter. The mobile GCS houses the flight control system and telemetry equipment used to control the aircraft. The GCS can control two drones in flight at the same time. Tracking the drones is by feedback from the on-board navigation system.

Uses
 The Skua has been used during development of the A-Darter SRAAM.
 Testing of the Brazilian MAA-1 Piranha air-to-air missile.
 Testing of the Umkhonto surface-to-air missile by Denel Dynamics and for operational missile training by the South African Navy.

References

External links 
 Manufacturer's Skua web page

Target drones
Unmanned military aircraft of South Africa
Post–Cold War weapons of South Africa
Denel
Criticality (status). In the operation of a nuclear reactor, criticality is the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining—that is, when reactivity is zero. In supercritical states, reactivity is greater than zero.

Applications

Criticality is the normal operating condition of a nuclear reactor, in which nuclear fuel sustains a fission chain reaction. A reactor achieves criticality (and is said to be critical) when each fission releases a sufficient number of neutrons to sustain an ongoing series of nuclear reactions.

The International Atomic Energy Agency defines the first criticality date as the date when the reactor is made critical for the first time. This is an important milestone in the construction and commissioning of a nuclear power plant.

See also
Criticality accident
Critical mass
Prompt criticality

References

Nuclear chemistry
Nuclear physics
Nuclear technology
Radioactivity
National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden. The National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden (NSC) is located in Linköping and operates the Triolith supercomputer which achieved 407.2 Teraflops on the LINPACK benchmark which rendered it place 79 on the November 2013 issue of the Top500 list of the fastest supercomputers in the world.

Notes

External links 
 National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden (NSC)

Supercomputer sites
LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse (Chicago). The LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse at 500 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois (northwest corner of LaSalle and Illinois Streets) is a rare surviving artifact of Chicago's cable car system, which at its peak in the 1890s was one of the largest in the country, in terms of riders and equipment. Three separate companies operated thousands of cable cars over 82 miles of track. The three-story powerhouse was built by the North Chicago Street Railroad Company in 1886-1887 for $35,000. "It was a striking presence in the River North area, which was a jumble of low-scale factories, warehouses and shipyards," said a Commission on Chicago Landmarks Designation Report from 2000. The railroad company was organized by Charles Tyson Yerkes, the leading transit entrepreneur in Chicago during the late 19th century. At the height of his influence, Yerkes controlled eight separate street railway companies and 250 miles of track in the city.

Chicago historian Greg Borzo calls the LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse, "the crown jewel of Chicago’s cable car remnants." He also notes, "This powerhouse drove two cables: one that pulled cable cars through a tunnel under the Chicago River along LaSalle Street and around the downtown and another shorter cable that pulled cars along Illinois Street between Clark Street and Wells Street."   Those cables, in turn, pulled the thousands of cable cars that, at the peak of their operation, brought approximately 100,000 workers into downtown Chicago each day.

The LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse helped make possible the rapid development of the city's outlying North Side neighborhoods during one of the greatest boom periods in the history of Chicago.

Cable cars operated in Chicago until 1906.

The LaSalle Street Cable Car Powerhouse was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 27, 2001.  Today it is a restaurant.  It used to be Michael Jordan's Restaurant until 2000.

References

Cable car railways in the United States
Chicago Landmarks
Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
Transportation in Chicago
Cableways on the National Register of Historic Places
Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1887 establishments in Illinois
USA-239. USA-239, also known as GPS IIF-3, GPS SVN-65, and Navstar-67 is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the third of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.

Built by Boeing and launched by United Launch Alliance, USA-239 was launched at 12:10 UTC on 4 October 2012, atop a Delta IV carrier rocket, flight number D361, flying in the Medium+(4,2) configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 37B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-239 directly into medium Earth orbit. The rocket's second stage failed to provide the expected full thrust in all of its three burns due to a leak above the narrow throat portion of the thrust chamber, however the stage had enough propellant margins to put the satellite in the correct orbit.

As of 18 February 2014, USA-239 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 717.96 minutes, and 54.87 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 24 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a design life of 15 years and a mass of .
 As of 2019 it remains in service.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2012
GPS satellites
USA satellites
Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets
List of Coleco Adam games. The Coleco Adam is a personal computer developed by Coleco from October 1983 to January 1985.

Coleco released the computer as a separate unit and as Expansion Module #3 for its ColecoVision, which would upgrade the console to make it fully compatible with the Adam. Earlier in its lifetime, the Adam suffered major defects leading to as many as 60 percent of the first batch of machines being returned. The negative publicity of the defects, along with a sluggish production rate after a late 1983 approval from the Federal Communications Commission, guaranteed dismal sales, including one missed figure in Christmas 1983 (only about 95,000 units shipped against the expected 500,000), and software developers were hesitant to support the computer. After failing to rectify its marred reputation despite repairing most of the defects, aggressive price cuts, and even a $500 scholarship program, Coleco discontinued the computer more than a year after its launch.

One advantage of the Coleco Adam is that it is inherently fully compatible with all ColecoVision titles through its cartridge slot. This list only contains games that natively support the computer and its features, which were usually released on proprietary Digital Data Pack cassette tapes. For a separate list for ColecoVision, see list of ColecoVision games. Long after its support was dropped, a community of enthusiasts continues to provide hardware and software for the machine, including homebrew games. Therefore, only games that have been noted by a publication are counted for inclusion.

Games

See also
List of ColecoVision games

References

Sources

Coleco Afam
Pier Giorgio Perotto. Pier Giorgio Perotto (Turin, December 24, 1930 – Genoa, January 23, 2002) was an Italian electrical engineer and inventor. Working for the manufacturer Olivetti, he led a design team that built the Programma 101, one of the world's first programmable calculators.

Career 

Graduated at the Turin Polytechnic, Perotto taught for many years at the same University and published several books and articles regarding strategy, business organization and technology.

He began his career at Fiat and later on moved to the machine company Olivetti. Working as General Director of projects and research at the Ivrea’s company, he played a major role in the transformation of this multinational company from a mechanical to electronics and systems company.

In the 1970s, he designed other computers at Olivetti, e.g. the Olivetti P6060, the first personal computer with integrated floppy-disk drive, the Olivetti P6040 and the Olivetti P6066.

Together with Sergio Raimondi, Perotto launched FINSA Consulting in 1997, becoming the president since its foundation. After this moment he turned himself into a committed teacher and a prolific writer, writing with many essays (in Italian) about business management and future of computing.

In 1991, he earned the Leonardo da Vinci Award for having developed a ground-breaking machine, the Programma 101, an early programmable calculator.

The 12222 Perotto, a main belt asteroid, discovered in 1982 at the Osservatorio San Vittore in Bologna, is named after him.

Programma 101 

The innovative calculator, also known as Perottina, named after its inventor, was one of the first electronic desktop calculators in history purposely designed to be programmable. Programma 101 was officially launched at the 1964 New York World's Fair, attracting major interest from the public and the press. Volume production started in 1965, selling about 44,000 units primarily in the US market. NASA bought ten models and used them to plan the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon.

References

External links

 Obituary: Pier Giorgio Perotto, Independent UK, 5 February 2002
 101 Project, official site of 101 initiative documentary project.
 .
 Olivetti, Programma 101 General Reference Manual, hosted by the Old Calculator Web Museum, retrieved 2009-12-17.
 Internal pictures Old Calculator Web Museum.
  A simulator of the Olivetti Programma 101.
 
 Olivetti Programma 101 Emulator/Trainer, RetroWiki.es
 A Technical Description of the Olivetti Programma 101 with a picture gallery, by Alfredo Logioia.

1930 births
2002 deaths
Engineers from Turin
Italian computer scientists
Olivetti people
Academic staff of the Polytechnic University of Turin
Polytechnic University of Turin alumni
20th-century Italian inventors
20th-century Italian engineers
International Journal of Sensor Networks. The International Journal of Sensor Networks (IJSNet) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on distributed, wired, and wireless sensor networks. It is published by Inderscience Publishers. The journal was established in 2006.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology, Scopus, Academic OneFile, and the ACM Digital Library.

References

External links 
 

Engineering journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 2006
Quarterly journals
Inderscience Publishers academic journals
VA-96 (U.S. Navy). VA-96 was a short-lived Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established on 30 June 1956, and disestablished less than two years later, on 10 April 1958. Its nickname is unknown.

Significant events
 4 Jun 1957: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander M. K. Dennis, was lost in a night midair collision while operating from  off the coast of California.
 Sep 1957: Kearsarge operated in the vicinity of Taiwan following the buildup of Chinese communist forces opposite the offshore islands belonging to Taiwan.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS Miramar – 30 Jun 1956
 NAS Moffett Field – Aug 1956

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 AD-6 Skyraider – Jul 1956
 AD-7 Skyraider – Mar 1957

See also

 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
ABANTIA. ABANTIA is a Spanish group specialising in the engineering, planning, development and the execution of complex systems. The group was formed in July 2006 by renaming AGE (Applicaciones Generales Eléctricas), a company formed in 1944 as specialising in electrical and refrigeration installations, and all the subsidiaries companies created as AGE expanded in new activities. In 2009, Abantia has started activities in Italy, Poland, Guatemala, France and Abu Dhabi, and in 2011, in Mexico and Guatemala, El Salvador, Peru, Chile, Qatar. In 2013, Abantia made a bid for phase one of Kuwait’s Shagaya Multi-Technology Renewable Energy Park.

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of Spain
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1944
Spanish companies established in 1944
List of power stations in Arkansas. This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Arkansas, separated by fuel type.

In 2021, Arkansas had a summer capacity of 14,832 megawatts, and a net generation of 61,100 gigawatt-hours. In 2023, the electrical energy generation mix was 39.6% natural gas, 27.4% coal, 24.4% nuclear, 6% hydroelectric, 1.3% solar, 1.2% biomass, and 0.1% petroleum.

Biogas

Coal

Hydroelectric

Pumped storage

Natural gas

Natural gas/petroleum

Nuclear

Petroleum

Solar photovoltaic

Storage

Proposed power stations

Retired power stations

See also

List of public utilities in Arkansas
Energy in Arkansas

Notes

References

External links
Arkansas at the U.S. Energy Information Administration

Arkansas
Power
Pierre-Yves Oudeyer. Dr. Pierre-Yves Oudeyer is Research Director at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria) and head of the Inria and Ensta-ParisTech FLOWERS team. Before, he has been a permanent researcher in Sony Computer Science Laboratory for 8 years (1999-2007). He studied theoretical computer science at Ecole Normale Supérieure in Lyon, and received his Ph.D. degree in artificial intelligence from the University Paris VI, France. After working on computational models of language evolution, he is now working on developmental and social robotics, focusing on sensorimotor development, language acquisition and lifelong learning in robots. Strongly inspired by infant development, the mechanisms he studies include artificial curiosity, intrinsic motivation, the role of morphology in learning motor control, human-robot interfaces, joint attention and joint intentional understanding, and imitation learning. He has published a book, more than 80 papers in international journals and conferences, holds 8 patents, gave several invited keynote lectures in international conferences, and received several prizes for his work in developmental robotics and on the origins of language. In particular, he is laureate of the ERC Starting Grant EXPLORERS. He is editor of the IEEE CIS Newsletter on Autonomous Mental Development, and associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, Frontiers in Neurorobotics, and of the International Journal of Social Robotics. He is also working actively for the diffusion of science towards the general public, through the writing of popular science articles and participation to radio and TV programs as well as science exhibitions.

Oudeyer is inventor or co-inventor of over 15 patents covering 5 different technological issues. He received a number of awards for his thesis and certain publications.

References

External links
 
 http://flowers.inria.fr

1970 births
French roboticists
Artificial intelligence researchers
French computer scientists
French cognitive scientists
Researchers of artificial life
Living people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
21st-century French scientists
Breton (company). Breton S.p.A. is an Italian, privately held company established in 1963 that produces machines and plants for engineered stone and metalworking.
Machines and plants by Breton can be used in diverse sectors such as die-making, aerospace, automotive, racing cars, energy, gears, general mechanics, stone processing and kitchen top manufacturing.

History 
Breton was established in 1963 in Castello di Godego, Italy, by Marcello Toncelli, who started developing new technologies and manufacturing industrial plants for producing engineered stone. He invented Bretonstone technology, also known as vibrocompression under vacuum, a patented technology which is used today by engineered stone manufacturers.
Around the mid-1990s, the company decided to expand into the machine tool market, manufacturing machining centres for the mechanical industry.

In 2003, Marcello Toncelli died, and the control of the company passed to his sons Luca and Dario Toncelli, who have been running the company since together with Roberto Chiavacci, Vice President of the board of directors.

In 2011, the company acquired Bidese Impianti and signed a partnership with Boart & Wire, a diamond wires manufacturer.
In 2014, Breton became an official member of the Graphene Flagship Project, one of the largest research initiatives of the European Commission which focuses on the potential applications of graphene.

Products 

Breton manufactures machines and technology for following fields:
 engineered stone processing
 natural stone processing
 ceramic materials processing
 high-speed machining for aerospace, formula 1, automotive and die-mould sector

Awards 
Breton's solution to connect through the cloud to manage tele-service for 4,000 machines for hundreds of customers worldwide was awarded by Microsoft in 2012 with the Windows Embedded Partner Excellence Award for manufacturing.

Footnotes

External links 
 Company's official website
 Timeline of Breton's history

Engineering companies of Italy
Technology companies of Italy
Italian brands
Industrial machine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1963
Italian companies established in 1963
Companies based in Veneto
Integrated Systems Inc.. Integrated Systems Inc. (ISI) was an embedded software company founded by Naren Gupta in 1980/1981. Summit Partners invested in 1987, the company listed in 1990, and it was acquired by Wind River Systems in 2000.

Naren Gupta served as President/CEO of ISI until 1994, and as its chairman until the company was bought by their competitor Wind River Systems in February 2000. Later he served as vice-chairman and CEO of Wind River Systems.

Products
The company's main products were:

 MATRIXx, introduced in 1983, a control engineering (computer aided control system design or CACSD) tool with components including XMath (an extended MATLAB-like language) and SystemBuilder for graphical editing of block diagrams. After the merger with Wind River the product was licensed to MathWorks, but after an anti-trust action, it was sold to National Instruments. In 2018, National Instruments placed MATRIXx into a five-year end-of-life phase, with no further support beyond 30 June 2023.
 pSOS, a real-time operating system for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor family acquired from Software Components Group (SCG) for  million in 1991.
 FlexOS, a continuation of Digital Research's Concurrent DOS 286 and Concurrent DOS 68K, a modular multiuser multitasking real-time operating system (RTOS) for Motorola 68000 as well as for Intel 186, 286 and 386 microprocessors designed for computer-integrated manufacturing, laboratory, retail and financial markets; acquired from Novell for  million in July 1994. The deal comprised a direct payment of half this sum, and shares representing 2% of the company.

References

Further reading

External links
 

1981 establishments in California
2000 disestablishments in California
2000 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies established in 1981
Software companies disestablished in 2000