omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-2539. German submarine U-2539 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 27 October 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2539. She was launched on 6 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See  Erich Jewinski on 21 February 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2539 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-2539 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-2539 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Kiel as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-2543. German submarine U-2543 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 13 November 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2543. She was launched on 9 February 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See  Gottfried Stolzenburg on 7 March 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2543 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-2543 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-2543 was scuttled on 3 May 1945, at Kiel as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-2544. German submarine U-2544 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 15 November 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2544. She was launched on 9 February 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See  Rudolf Meinlschmidt on 10 March 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2544 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-2544 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-2544 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, east-southeast of Aarhus as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up in 1952.

Original location of wreck was

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-2538. German submarine U-2538 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 24 October 1944 at the Blohm & Voss yard at Hamburg, as yard number 2538. She was launched on 6 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See  Heinrich Klapdor on 16 February 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2538 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-2538 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-2538 was scuttled on 8 May 1945, at 0445 hrs, southwest of Ærø, near Marstal, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up in 1950.

Original location of wreck was

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-3503. German submarine U-3503 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 17 June 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1648. She was launched on 27 July 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hugo Deiring on 9 September 1944.

Design

Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3503 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-3503 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate

U-3503 was scuttled on 8 May 1945, west of Gothenburg, Sweden, in the Kattegat, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The U-boat had earlier been sailing on the surface with U-534 and U-3523 just north of the cease-fire line when they had been attacked by allied B-24 Liberator planes. The wreck was raised in 1946 and broken up in Sweden (which first had asked to keep it) on demand of the Allied governments.

Her crew was taken up by  and interned at Backamo internment camp.

The wreck was located at .

The sea and marine museum Sjöfartsmuseet in Gothenburg still has the original Kriegsmarine flag from the U-boat, exhibited on one of the museum floors.

In popular culture
The closing track on Swedish musician Stefan Andersson's album Flygblad över Berlin is about the surrender of U-3503. The song is called "Den sista vargen" (The Last Wolf).

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1944
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1944 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Ships built by Schichau
Maritime incidents in May 1945
Friedrichs Bridge. Friedrichs Bridge (German: Friedrichsbrücke) is a bridge in Berlin, one of several crossing the Spree between Museum Island and the mainland portion of Mitte. It connects Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße with Bodestraße. Since its creation in 1703, the bridge has been repeatedly renovated. It is considered a protected monument.

Timeline 
Here is a brief historical overview of the bridge:
 1703: Construction of a wooden bridge known as the Great Bridge to Pomeranze
 1769: Construction of a vaulted brick bridge with a flap in the middle
 1792: Renamed Friedrich's Bridge after King Frederick the Great of Prussia
 1823: Replacement of vault and bridge flap by cast iron Tudor arches
 1873–1875: Bridge widened from  to  and redesigned as a six-span bridge with stone pillars and cast iron sheets
 1893–1894: Bridge completely rebuilt to achieve higher headroom required by shipping. Obelisks added at bridge ends; widened to 
 1945: Blasted by the Wehrmacht
 1950–1951: Construction of temporary wooden bridge
 1981: Construction of a  prestressed concrete frame bridge as footbridge without river piers spanning 
 2012–2014: Reconstruction of the bridge on the historical width of

References

External links
 

Bridges in Berlin
Buildings and structures in Mitte
Robert Austin (trade unionist). Robert Austin (1826 – September 1891) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Wigan, Austin joined the Journeymen Steam Engine and Machine Makers' Friendly Society in 1847.  He soon moved to Bury and helped bring about the merger which formed the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) in 1851.  In 1863, he was appointed as the Manchester Vacant Bookkeeper for the society, and became known for his honesty and devotion to duty in the post.

By 1882, Austin was the chairman of the Manchester and Salford Trades Council and, in the post, was centrally involved in organising that year's Trades Union Congress (TUC).  He was chosen unanimously as President of the TUC that year.

In 1886, Austin was elected as general secretary of the ASE, defeating John Anderson by 9,956 votes to 9,100.  He took up office the following year, and served in the post until his death in 1891.

References

1826 births
1891 deaths
Trade unionists from the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
General secretaries of the Amalgamated Engineering Union
People from Wigan
Presidents of the Trades Union Congress
19th-century British businesspeople
BLUES. BLUES is the abbreviation for the German "Bremer Luft UEberwachungs System" (which means literally "Air monitoring system of Bremen"). It is a monitoring system for air pollution and is being managed by the environmental authority in the German federal state of Bremen.

Currently there are ten fixed locations in the state of Bremen to collect meteorological data and the following measurements:

 Particulates
 Nitrogen oxides
 Ozone
 Sulfur dioxide
 Carbon monoxide

These measurements are automatically detected and sent to the Network Management Centre. After the data processing, they are sent to the Federal Environment Agency in Germany. As part of the Bremer Environmental Information System, the results are also published in the Internet since 1999.

The monitoring network was set up in 1987 following the German smog directive. Two fixed stations were operated to monitor the emissions of traffic. There was also a measuring vehicle in use until 2005.

External links
BLUES On The Web
Environmental Testing

Air pollution control systems
Environmentalism in Germany
Bremen (state)
Walt Jung. Walter G Jung, commonly known as Walt Jung, is an American electronics engineer and author. He worked for Linear Technology and Analog Devices. He has written a number of books, the most popular of which is the IC Op Amp Cookbook, which has been in print since 1974.

He was named a Fellow of the Audio Engineering Society in 1979 for his work on distortion in operational amplifiers. He also was named to Electronic Design’s Engineering Hall of Fame in 2002. He is highly regarded as a design engineer.

Publications
 Op Amp Applications Handbook; 1st Ed; Newnes; 2005; .
 Audio IC Op-Amp Applications; 3rd Ed; Sams Publishing; 1987; .
 IC Op-Amp Cookbook; 3rd Ed; Prentice Hall; 1986; .
 IC Timer Cookbook; 2nd Ed; Sams Publishing; 1983; . 
 IC Array Cookbook; 1st Ed; Hayden; 1980; .
 IC Converter Cookbook; 1st Ed; Sams Publishing; 1978; .
 Unique IC Op-Amp Applications; 1st Ed; Sams Publishing; 1975; .

References

External links
 Personal website

Living people
American electronics engineers
American engineering writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
São Luiz do Tapajós Dam. The São Luiz do Tapajós Dam was expected to be the third largest hydroelectric dam in Brazil, after Itaipu and Belo Monte Dam. It would have an installed capacity of 8,040 MW and its reservoir would cover about 400 km2 in the Tapajós river basin.

The plant would have been part of the proposed  Tapajós hydroelectric complex on the Tapajos and Jamanxim rivers.
Others are the Jatobá, Cachoeira dos Patos, Jamanxim and Cachoeira do Cai dams, all in Pará state.
In April 2016 IBAMA suspended the environmental licensing process for the dam due to its expected impacts on indigenous and river communities. In August that year, IBAMA finally announced the official cancellation of the project's environmental license, which effectively stopped the dam.

The conflict around the São Luiz do Tapajós mega dam has been referred as the next battle over saving the Amazon, as a result of its controversy involving Indigenous communities, the Brazilian government, large multinationals and international environmental organizations. Critics say the project will further result in deforestation and harm to the region's biodiversity, affecting the migratory movements of several species of ornamental fish and destroying nests of Macaw.

Licensing process 
The Brazilian environmental agency IBAMA first decided to suspend and ultimately cancel the environmental licensing process for the Tapajós mega dam in 2016, following a report published by the Brazilian bureau for Indigenous Affairs FUNAI. The report points out the infeasibility of the project from an indigenous perspective, since it would affect the land of the local Munduruku people. In its report, FUNAI recommends the demarcation of 1,780 square kilometers (687 square miles) of Munduruku land, the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Territory, in the vicinity of the proposed mega dam.

References

External links

Dams in Pará
Dam controversies
Hydroelectric power stations in Brazil
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Brazil
Drop-in replacement. Drop-in replacement is a term used in computer science and other fields. It refers to the ability
to replace one hardware or software component with another, without any other code or configuration
changes being required and resulting in no negative impacts. Usually, the replacement has some benefits including one or more of the following:
 increased security
 increased speed
 increased feature set
 increased compatibility (e.g. with other components or standards support)
 increased support (e.g. the old component may no longer be supported, maintained, or manufactured)

See also
 Pin compatibility
 Plug compatible
 Clone (computing)
 Backward compatibility
 Kludge

Software architecture
German submarine U-3504. German submarine U-3504 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 30 June 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1649. She was launched on 15 August 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Hartwig Siebold on 23 September 1944.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3504 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-3504 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-3504 was scuttled on 2 May 1945, at  Wilhelmshaven, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1944
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1944 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Ships built by Schichau
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-3527. German submarine U-3527 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 25 October 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1672. She was launched on 10 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Willy Kronenbitter on 10 March 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3527 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-3527 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-3527 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, in the westerern Weser estuary, near Nordenham, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945
Ships built by Schichau
German submarine U-3528. German submarine U-3528 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 26 October 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1673. She was launched on 10 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinz Zwarg on 18 March 1945.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3528 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-3528 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-3528 was scuttled on 5 May 1945, in the westerern Weser estuary, near Nordenham, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Danzig
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Ships built by Schichau
Maritime incidents in May 1945
German submarine U-2530. German submarine U-2530 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 1 October 1944 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg, as yard number 2530. She was launched on 25 November 1944, and commissioned under the command of Kapitänleutnant Max Bokelberg on 30 December 1944.

Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-2530 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of  (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at  for ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-2530 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes in the bow and four  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.

Fate
U-2530 was sunk on 31 December 1944, by bombs, in Hamburg. The wreck was raised but sunk again on 17 January 1945 and 20 February 1945 during air raids on Dock V. She was broken up afterwards.

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1944
World War II submarines of Germany
1944 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
U-boats sunk in 1945
U-boats sunk in 1944
Maritime incidents in December 1944
Maritime incidents in January 1945
Maritime incidents in February 1945