omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Computer trainer. A computer trainer, sometimes known as a microprocessor trainer, is a type of small computer intended to introduce electronics and logic to new users. They were mostly used in the 1960s and 70s, although examples before and after that period can be found. They are very simple systems, similar to modern single board computers, but lack significant general-purpose capabilities. Trainers were often similar to electronics kits, especially during the early microprocessor era, compared to modern small computer systems like the Raspberry Pi which have significant use outside the training role.

An early example of a computer trainer is the 1955 Geniac, which the company referred to as an "electronic brain construction kit". Geniac consisted of a series of disks into which plugs were inserted to produce different circuit connections when the disks were rotated. Thus one could make a system where turning disk 1 to position 1 might light lamp 2. With enough work, the system could be used to produce a number of combinatorial logic operations that could be accessed with the right set of disk and switch positions. The system could be used to play Nim for instance. Examples using analog circuits were also common through the 1950s and 60s, essentially operating as electronic slide rules.

The expanding computer market in the early 1960s led to a second wave of trainers, this time dedicated to the task of introducing digital logic. An example is the Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) H-500 Computer Lab. This contained a number of logic elements for typical boolean logic operations like  and , along with switches and wiring plugs. The user could connect the elements together to produce practical circuits like adders.

During the 1970s, the introduction of low-cost microprocessors led to a third major wave of trainers. Examples include the Motorola 6800-based Heathkit ET-3400  MicroComputer Learning System and the Radio Shack Science Fair Microcomputer Trainer Kit (a re-badged version of the Japanese FX-Micom R-165). During this period, trainers also took on a second role as prototyping systems to introduce new microprocessors to potential users. These systems tended to be more powerful and overlapped in concept with prototyping systems and single board computers. Examples include the KIM-1 and the OSI 300, both based on the MOS 6502. Practically every company had a similar system.

References

Educational hardware
History of computer science
Astronaut for a Day. Astronaut for a Day, an initiative launched by the Portuguese Space Agency in 2022, provides young students in the Portuguese education system with the chance to experience a zero-gravity flight and the same sensations  astronauts have in space.

Inspired by the astronaut selection processes of renowned space agencies, this national competition is not for the faint-hearted. It involves a rigorous selection process designed for students aged 14–18. The evaluation process, which includes five elimination phases, tests candidates' creativity, communication skills, and logical, spatial, and physical abilities. Finalists selected for the last phase participate in a parabolic flight aboard an Airbus A310 operated by Novespace.
In the first three editions of Astronaut for a Day (2022, 2023, and 2024), the Portuguese Space Agency received over 1,600 applications nationwide. This initiative is considered a significant success and plays a key role in the Agency's strategy of fostering interest in STEM fields, particularly in space studies and careers among younger generations. So far, Portugal has 91 "astronauts".

After the flight, each finalist becomes an ambassador for the initiative. They represent the Portuguese Space Agency and promote the activity within their school communities throughout the following academic year. This ambassadorship helps develop their leadership skills and raises awareness of space exploration among their peers.

The Portuguese Space Agency organises the Astronaut for a Day initiative in collaboration with Ciência Viva, the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Porto, and the Faculty of Human Kinetics of the University of Lisbon, which develop and oversee the tests during the various elimination phases. The final phase occurs at Beja Air Base, in partnership with the Portuguese Air Force, which hosts the Airbus A310 and the finalists for a series of preparatory activities.

In the first two years, the activities offered to students during the final phase included a lecture by European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Matthias Maurer.

Astronaut for a Day is an original initiative of the Portuguese Space Agency, marking the first time that young students have been offered the opportunity to experience a zero-gravity flight. Beyond its success within the Portuguese community, the Space Agencies of Luxembourg and Estonia have already replicated the initiative.

References

External links 
 astronautaporumdia.pt

Science and technology in Portugal
Alexey Zubritsky. Alexey Vitalyevich Zubritsky (; born 22 August 1992) is a Russian cosmonaut. Born in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast of Ukraine, Zubritsky received a bachelor's degree from the Ivan Kozhedub National University of the Air Force studying Military Administration, Management of Aviation Units, and Flight Operation and Combat Use of Aircraft.

He was selected to join the Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps in 2018. He is scheduled to make his first flight to space on Soyuz MS-27 in March 2025 and will serve as a flight engineer on the International Space Station during Expedition 72, 73, and 74.

References 

1992 births
Living people
Russian cosmonauts
21st-century Russian people
Lada Aura. The Lada Aura is a business sedan manufactured by the Russian company AvtoVAZ, the serial production of which is planned to begin in August–September 2024.

It was first shown on 8 June 2023 at the “Eurasia is Our Home” exhibition, held at the “Sirius” site in Sochi, and on June 15 of the same year, the Lada Aura was presented at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.

Overview
Compared to the Lada Vesta, the car received a wheelbase increased by  and extended rear doors. As a result, there is more space for the passenger. The model also has improved sound insulation, a retractable armrest, genuine leather trim and a premium audio system. The Lada Aura will be equipped with a 1.8 L engine making  and an automatic transmission. At the presentation of the car, the Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov said that the Lada Aura "may well replace the foreign brands that Russian officials drive today".

Mass production is planned to begin in the third quarter of 2024, with plans to produce about 3 thousand cars. According to the president of AvtoVAZ Maxim Sokolov, the price of the model will be about 2.5 million rubles.

It is also planned to produce a simplified version of the Lada Aura model, intended for taxi services.

History
In 2024, Vladimir Putin, driving behind the wheel, opened the last section of the M-11 highway. After driving a Lada Aura, the Russian president shared his impressions:“A good car,” Putin told the online publication Life.

Lada Aura became the fifth new AvtoVAZ model that Putin tested; in 2010, he drove the Khabarovsk-Chita route behind the wheel of a yellow hatchback Lada Kalina. In 2011, Putin got acquainted with AvtoVAZ's new budget car at that time, the Lada Granta. In 2015, at a meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club, Vladimir Putin arrived in a green Lada Vesta. He noted that it is "an excellent car, very good, with good driving characteristics and easy to drive".

Notes

Lada vehicles
Sedans
Executive cars
Cars introduced in 2023
USV Suppressor. The USV Suppressor is a type of unmanned surface vehicle under construction for the Brazilian Navy. Defined as a "Multi-purpose Unmanned Surface Vehicle" by EMGEPRON, the USV is intended for both civilian and military applications, ranging from hydrographic surveys and environmental monitoring to mine countermeasures, ISR and ASW roles.

Characteristics
The USV features a navigation radar and a variety of sensors such as 360° LIDAR, FLIR cameras and a hull-mounted multibeam sonar. Additionally, Suppressor features an adaptable rear deck which can carry a ROV, AUV or UAV payload based on current mission configuration. The vessel may be either remotely operated or autonomously follow a pre-programmed route. The USV's control station is packed in a 20-foot container, allowing for operation from vessels such as Tamandaré-class frigates.

Development
The project was developed in a partnership between state-owned enterprise EMGEPRON and Tidewise, a Rio de Janeiro-based startup focused on autonomous maritime systems. It was first presented in October 2023 during the MINEX-23 Brazilian Navy exercise off the coast of Salvador, where a prototype was tasked with mine countermeasures duties.
On 7 February 2024, EMGEPRON and Tidewise signed a contract for the construction of the first Suppressor USV, with an estimated cost of R$20 million. The unit would be built in its basic configuration, featuring navigation sensors, multibeam sonar and a ROV, as well as the development of an Application Programming Interface for communications. Delivery of the first unit is expected towards the end of 2025.

Gallery

See also
 Fleet-class unmanned surface vessel

References

External links
 Official website (Tidewise)
 Official website (EMGEPRON)
 Brazilian Navy video on the MINEX-23 exercise (in Portuguese)

Autonomous ships
Brazilian Navy
Ships built in Brazil
Unmanned surface vehicles
Unmanned surface vehicles of Brazil
Ammonium hexafluoroniobate. Ammonium hexafluoroniobate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula .

Physical properties
Ammonium hexafluoroniobate forms white crystals of hexagonal system, space group R3m, insoluble in water.

It causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.

Uses
The compound is used as a solvent for organics.

References 

Fluoro complexes
Niobates
Ammonium compounds
Fluorometallates
Hexafluorides
Enrico Gualtieri. Enrico Gualtieri (born 21 February 1975) is an Italian engineer. As of 2024, he is serving as head of power unit for Scuderia Ferrari.

Career 
Gualtieri graduated from University of Modena and Reggio Emilia with a degree of mechanical engineering in 2000. He came to Ferrari to work on his thesis, and stayed with the team since then. Being promoted step by step, he was appointed as head of power unit in 2019, and was named technical director of power unit in 2023.

References 

1975 births
Ferrari people
Formula One engineers
Living people
Sportspeople from Modena
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia alumni
Ammonium hexafluorogallate. Ammonium hexafluorogallate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula .

Synthesis
A mechanochemical reaction between ammonium fluoride and gallium fluoride trihydrate (·) at a ratio of 3:1 produces the compound.

Also, a reaction of gallium(III) hydroxide, HF, and ammonium fluoride.

Physical properties
Ammonium hexafluorogallate occurs in two polymorphic forms: tetragonal at low temperature and cubic at high temperature, with both transforming reversibly.

It has colorless crystals, which are soluble in water.

References 

Fluoro complexes
Ammonium compounds
Fluorometallates
Hexafluorides
Ammonium hexafluoroantimonate. Ammonium hexafluoroantimonate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula .

Synthesis

Also, a reaction of antimony pentafluoride and ammonium hexafluoromanganate:

Physical properties
It is soluble in water. It can form needle-shaped or columnar crystals.

Uses
The compound is used in fine chemistry and organic synthesis, for example as a catalyst, and can replace organic fluorides.

References 

Fluoro complexes
Antimonates
Ammonium compounds
Fluorometallates
Hexafluorides
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is a white solid with a phenolic odour. It is primarily used as a raw material for the production of several commercially important antioxidants and phenolic benzotriazole-type UV absorbers. It also finds use as a starting material in the synthesis of agrochemicals, fragrances and catalysts (i.e. Jacobsen's catalyst).

Synthesis
The butylation of phenol is typically achieved by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation with isobutylene catalysed by a strong acid. These acids can be either liquids like triflic acid, or solid acids such as zeolites. The isobutylene can be generated in situ by the dehydration of tert-butyl alcohol or methyl tert-butyl ether, which being liquids are simpler to handle than the highly flammable isobutylene gas.

Applications
2,4-DTBP is used in the production of antioxidants like tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite.

See also
 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol

References

Antioxidants
Alkylphenols
Tert-butyl compounds
Kahramanmaraş İstiklal University. Kahramanmaraş İstiklal University () is a public university in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. It was established on 18 May 2018.

Academic units

Faculties 
 Elbistan Faculty of Engineering  
 Faculty of Communication  
 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences  
 Faculty of Islamic Sciences  
 Faculty of Engineering, Architecture, and Design  
 Faculty of Health Sciences  
 Faculty of Tourism

Vocational Schools 
 Elbistan Vocational School  
 Elbistan Vocational School of Health Services  
 Türkoğlu Vocational School  
 Airbus-TUSAŞ Aviation Vocational School

External links

References 

Universities and colleges established in 2018
2018 establishments in Turkey
State universities and colleges in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Kahramanmaraş
Mitiko Miura-Mattausch. Mitiko Miura-Mattausch (, born 1949) is a Japanese electronics engineer specializing in the design, modeling, and simulation of electronic components based on semiconductors, including MOSFETs and new models for transistors in LDMOS. She is a professor at Hiroshima University.

Education and career
Miura-Mattausch has a doctorate from Hiroshima University. She was a researcher in Germany at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research from 1981 to 1984, and at Siemens from 1984 to 1996. In 1996 she returned to Japan as a professor in the Hiroshima University Faculty of Engineering, taking a special appointment in 2015 with the HiSIM (Hiroshima-University STARC IGFET Model) Research Center.

Recognition
Miura-Mattausch was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2007, "for contributions to nanoscale metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor compact modeling".

Books
Miura-Mattausch is the author or editor of:
Ultra-Fast Silicon Bipolar Technology (edited with Ludwig Treitinger, Springer, 1988)
The Physics and Modeling of MOSFETs: Surface-Potential Model HiSIM (with Hans Jürgen Mattausch and Tatsuya Ezaki, World Scientific, 2008)

References

1949 births
Living people
Japanese electronics engineers
Japanese women engineers
Women electrical engineers
Hiroshima University alumni
Academic staff of Hiroshima University
Fellows of the IEEE
Diving support craft (Indian Navy). Diving Support Craft (DSC) are a series of 5 small-category diving support vessels being built for the Indian Navy by Titagarh Rail Systems Limited. These are designed and equipped with state-of-the-art apparatus to support diving operations in coastal under water environment. The vessels are designed to meet the mission needs of Command Clearance Diving Teams (CCDTs). A contract worth  was signed between Titagarh Rail Systems Limited (TRSL) and the Indian Navy on 12 February 2021. The Indian Navy is expected to receive all five diving support craft in FY2024-25. Diving support vessels are important for both military and commercial diving. They are used for underwater work such as inspecting and maintaining pipelines, well-heads, and mobile platforms. They will be used for providing diving assistance to all ships inside and close to harbour for underwater repair, maintenance and salvage.

The ships have been indigenously designed and the systems were tested at Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of DRDO. They are 30 m long catamaran hull ships, with a displacement of around 300 tons.

Ships in the class

See also 
 Future of the Indian Navy
 Nistar-class diving support vessel

References 

Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
No. 130 Air Engineering Depot. The Pakistan Air Force's No. 130 Air Engineering Depot (130th AED) is an MRO facility for Lockheed C-130s located in Rawalpindi at PAF Base Nur Khan.

History 
Ever since the induction of the first Lockheed C-130 in the air force in 1963, the PAF could undertake Inspect Repair As Necessary (IRAN) level maintenance for the planes. As major maintenance and repair establishments weren't available for the Hercules in Pakistan, PAF had to fly them to aerospace facilities in other countries like Indonesia (PTDI), Singapore (ST Aerospace), Portugal (OGMA), Brazil (Embraer) etc. which would cost $5 Million per aircraft not to mention the prolonged crew & aircraft outstation time. As a result, the No. 130 Air Engineering Depot was established at PAF Base Chaklala in 1993 with a single dock to provide local MRO services to Pakistan's C-130 fleet and lessen foreign dependence. In 2001, No. 130 AED started undertaking Outer Wing Improvement Programs (OWIP) with Messrs aerostructures, Australia also partnering in the later years. The facility also has the capability to undertake Corrosion Prevention Control Program and Aircraft Upholstery Refurbishment.

Over the years the complex has received major upgrades to enhance it's capabilities. In 2009, a second PDM hangar was constructed and working docks increased to two in order to boost production. Laser Tracker equipment was acquired in 2010 and departments of Structural Repair Design Office (SRDO) and Configuration Management Cell (CMC) were established in order to provide guidelines for major structure repair with proper record keeping of aircraft configurations. The complex also raised a new Logistics squadron in 2011.

The facility can generally overhaul 6 C-130s per year. As of 2022, the depot has worked on 62 Pakistani C-130s along with 2 C-130s of Nigeria and 2 Sri Lankan C-130Ks.

Achievements 
On 15 March 2017, the Depot held a ceremony to commemorate the roll out of the 50th 50th Periodic Depot Maintenance (PDM) on a C-130. The C-130B nicknamed "The Old Man" by PAF airmen was one of the oldest flying C-130s which was built in 1958.

References

External links 
 Air Engineering Depot (AED) | 50th Overhauled C-130 Hercules

Air Force units and formations of Pakistan
Installations of the Pakistan Air Force
Military installations established in 1993
Military logistics of Pakistan
Kratos BQM-177. The Kratos BQM-177 is a subsonic aerial target drone (SSAT) for emulating anti-ship cruise missiles. It was developed by Kratos Defense & Security Solutions and is currently operated by the United States Navy as the BQM-177A. The variant intended for international customers is designated BQM-177i.

The BQM-177 is used by the US Navy to evaluate ship missile and air defense systems such as Aegis, SM-2 or SM-6.

Operational history
The first BQM-177A was delivered to the US Navy in June 2018 as part of a low-rate initial production phase 1 contract, with early testing starting in July. The drone reached initial operational capability in February 2019. Full operational capability was achieved in 2022.

A contract awarded to Kratos in 2019 for low-rate initial production of 34 BQM-177A for a cost of $25.4 million, which was followed by subsequent contracts in 2020 of full rate production of 35 and 48 drone for $29.2 million and $38.7 million respectively. In 2021, a contract to provide 65 BQM-177A for $50.9 million included an allocation of seven drones for the government of Japan and eight for the government of Saudi Arabia. This was followed by a fourth full rate production contract for 55 vehicles for $49.5 million in 2023, again for the US Navy.

Operators

United States Navy

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

Saudi Arabian Armed Forces

Specifications

References

External links

 Kratos BQM-177 data sheet

Target drones of the United States
Single-engined jet aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
2010s United States special-purpose aircraft
Aircraft with auxiliary rocket engines
BQM-177
Mohammed Tariq Al-Katib. Mohammed Tariq Al-Katib  (1926–2023), also known as Tariq Wydad Al-Katib or simply Tariq Al-Katib, was an Iraqi engineer, administrator, author and writer. He is the designer of the double-decker Al-Jadriya Bridge in Baghdad.

Early years
Mohammed Tariq was born in Basra in 1926. His father, Mohammed Wydad Al-Katib, was born in Aleppo during the Ottoman Empire, and graduated from Istanbul University with a specialization in medicine. He was the first surgeon doctor appointed in Basra hospitals in 1922.

Mohammed Tariq studied in Basra schools, then completed his high studies at the University of London, he graduated in 1953 with a PhD in Engineering.

Engineering works

Mohammed Tariq is a consulting engineer and a skilled designer. He has left his mark in designing, implementing and rehabilitating many strategic projects in Iraq. Among his most famous designs were the double-decker Al-Jadriya Bridge in Baghdad in 1994, the reconstruction of the two damping towers at the Mosul Dam power station after they were destroyed during the American bombing of Iraq in 1991, and the reconstruction of the foundations of the Al-Hartha Power Station chimney using new pillars to strengthen them without removing them, which helped restore electricity to the southern governorates quickly. Among his other important works is his participation in designing the Rawa Bridge on the Euphrates River in 1989, and his participation in implementing the Latifiya Bridge, which was the first bridge to be built by purely Iraqi cadres in 1987.

Director of GCPI
Mohammed Tariq moved to work in the General Company for Ports of Iraq. He rose through the ranks until he became the director of the General Company for Ports in the 1960s and 1970s. During his work there, he assumed the position of president of the Al-Minaa Sports Club in 1962–63 and 1966–69.

Books
Muhammad Tariq is an author and researcher in various topics. He has two published books, the first is historical and the second is literary, which are:
 Shatt al-Arab and Shatt al-Basra and History.
 Scales of Arabic Poetry Using Binary Numbers.

Death
On 10 July 2023, Muhammad Tariq died in the Jordanian capital, Amman, at the age of 97.

References 

1926 births
2023 deaths
People from Basra
Iraqi people of Syrian descent
Alumni of the University of London
Iraqi engineers
Bridge engineers
21st-century engineers
20th-century engineers
Government officials
Iraqi male writers
List of HIMA vehicles. This is a list of vehicles of Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance/HIMA (), an automotive alliance initiated by Chinese multinational technology company Huawei.
The members of the alliance include AITO (Seres Group), Luxeed (Chery), Stelato (BAIC BluePark), and Maextro (JAC Group).

Current vehicles

See also 

 Huawei Intelligent Automotive Solution
 Automotive industry in China

References 

Huawei
Huawei products
HIMA