omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Supercar Megabuild. Supercar Megabuild is a UK-based entertainment program aired on the National Geographic Channel. It follows the work of independent car designers Afzal Kahn (Season 1) and Alex Prindiville (Season 2) (former owner of Prindiville PLC) as they task two mechanics to design and build cars to meet their clients' specifications. In the first season Ralph Hosier and Ranen Rudra are the engineers; while in Season 2, Shane Lynch and Dan Baruffo perform those roles.

Plot

Season 1 
Afzal Kahn hires two professional engineers to create challenging one-off and prototype cars in very short timescales. Ralph and Ranen are both free-thinking engineers, which results in unique solutions that Mr. Kahn does not always like to start with. Ralph and Ranen sometimes have to travel to other countries to learn something new.

Season 2 

Season 2 has Alex Prindiville, owner of Prindiville PLC, replacing Afzal Kahn. Prindiville employs professional racing driver & mechanic Shane Lynch and master builder Dan Baruffo to modify cars to meet his specifications.

Episodes

Season 1

Season 2

References

National Geographic Channel UK site
Shine North TV
Kahn Design Website

National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming
Blake Dean Railway. The Blake Dean Railway was an approximately 5.5 miles (9 km) long  gauge narrow gauge railway on the edge of Hardcastle Crags Valley in West Yorkshire. It went from Heptonstall to the dam construction sites of the Walshaw Dean Reservoirs.

Route 

The rail track started in Dawson City, a shanty town near Whitehall Nook in Heptonstall, along a hill side over several wooden bridges, passing the Widdop Gate and crossing the valley on a trestle bridge to the construction sites of the lower, middle and upper dam of the Walshaw Dean Reservoirs.

The 590 feet (180 m) long and 105 feet (32 m) high trestle bridge consisted of pitch pine. Enoch Tempest contracted the architect William Henry Cockcroft and the local carpenter George H. Greenwood to erect the bridge. It was completed on 24 May 1901.

On 22 July 1906 the bridge caught fire probably by the sparks from the funnels of one of the steam locomotives, but this was quickly noted and extinguished. The damage was only £30, and the bridge was used again one day later.

The bridge was sold by auction on 22 May 1912 and disassembled in the same year for recycling the wood. Now, only remains of the foundations are visible.

Rolling stock 

There were fifteen steam locomotives in use, amongst them 'Esau' and 'Baldersdale'. The family owned haulage company Hopwood dragged all but one locomotives by horse teams from Hebden Bridge up to Heptonstall over the steep road, which winds itself over 300 ft (91 m) height difference via two hairpins. The transport was normally conducted on Saturday afternoons, when as many as sixteen horses were available.

A fatal accident occurred on 5 September 1905, when the locomotive 'Baldersdale' derailed underneath the portal crane of the middle dam. When the locomotive tipped onto its side, driver John Leech pushed fireman James Taylor to safety but slipped himself, so that he was scalded by the steam emerging from the boiler. He died a few days later from his injuries.

The navvies used surplus tram cars from the horse-drawn tram in Liverpool for getting to and from the construction sites. They had still their blue and green livery and showed indicated the destinations "Lime Street" and "Fazakerley".

Literature 
 Corinne McDonald and Ann Kilbey: City in the Hills: Dawson City and the Building of the Walshaw Dean Reservoirs. Hebden Bridge Local History Society. 1 December 2012. .

References

External links 

3 ft gauge railways in England
Trestle bridges
Hebden Bridge
West Yorkshire
XPLM Publisher. XPLM Publisher is a commercial authoring and publishing software developed and sold by XPLM. It combines the Oxygen XML Editor with Oracle Agile PLM and helps technical writers to create, manage, and publish technical product documentation (e.g., user guides) in various formats and layouts. The XPLM Publisher follows the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) and the methods of single source publishing. This allows the same source content to be (re-)used across multiple forms of media and more than one time.

The main aspect of the XPLM Publisher is the tight integration with a PLM system as content management system and "single source of truth". Thus the technical writers are only provided with always valid and released engineering information.

References

External links
 XPLM product list

Publishing software
New Bridge, Newbridge-on-Usk. New Bridge crosses the River Usk at Newbridge-on-Usk between Usk and Caerleon. The bridge carries the B4236. It was constructed in 1779, probably by William Edwards, a prominent civil engineer of Pontypridd, or by a member of his bridge-building dynasty. The bridge has Grade II* listed building status.

History
An earlier crossing of the Usk at Newbridge was the medieval Tredynog Bridge, constructed in timber. Following its collapse, the present replacement was constructed in 1779. It was built by Walter Bowen and Christopher Thorn and its design is attributed to either William Edwards, or "a member of the celebrated Edwards family of bridge-builders".

Architecture and description
The bridge is constructed of Old Red Sandstone ashlar. It has three arches, with two piers in water. The piers form pedestrian refuges on the bridge. The architectural historian John Newman describes the bridge as "an extremely fine design beautifully executed". The bridge is a Grade II* listed structure.

Notes

References
 

Grade II* listed bridges in Wales
Bridges in Monmouthshire
Grade II* listed buildings in Monmouthshire
Stone bridges in the United Kingdom
Bridges over the River Usk
Bridges completed in 1779
Amplitude integrated electroencephalography. Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cerebral function monitoring (CFM) or continuous electroencephalogram (CEEG) is a technique for monitoring brain function in intensive care settings over longer periods of time than the traditional electroencephalogram (EEG), typically hours to days. By placing electrodes on the scalp of the patient, a trace of electrical activity is produced which is then displayed on a semilogarithmic graph of peak-to-peak amplitude over time; amplitude is logarithmic and time is linear. In this way, trends in electrical activity in the cerebral cortex can be interpreted to inform on events such as seizures or suppressed brain activity. aEEG is useful especially in neonatology where it can be used to aid in diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and to monitor and diagnose seizure activity.

Interpretation of the aEEG

The CFM readout offers an integrated trace in one pane and a non-integrated trace in another pane (see image). Modern machines give a readout for each hemisphere corresponding to the positions of electrodes placed on the patient's head. The characteristics of the CFM include the 'baseline' which should be more than 5 μV, the upper limit of the trace which should be more than 10 μV, and the presence of 'sleep wake cycling' whereby the trace is expected to narrow and broaden over time. Seizures appear on the trace as regions of high activity with a raised and compacted trace in the aEEG pane; this would correspond to high-amplitude, repetitive waveforms in the non-integrated pane. A low-amplitude or 'suppressed' trace is prognostically concerning as it indicates abnormally low brain activity. A further possible pattern is a 'burst suppression' trace which consists of a low-amplitude signal interspersed with periods of high activity on the aEEG readout. This also carries a poor prognosis.

See also

Electroencephalogram(EEG)
Bispectral index
Epileptic seizure
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Therapeutic hypothermia
Pressure reactivity index
Neonatal seizure

References

Electrophysiology
Neurophysiology
Neurotechnology
Electrodiagnosis
Mathematics in medicine
VARAN. VARAN (Versatile Automation Random Access Network) is a Fieldbus Ethernet-based industrial communication system.

VARAN is a wired data network technology for local data networks (LAN) with the main application in the field of automation technology. It enables the exchange of data in the form of data frames between all LAN connected devices (controllers, input/output devices, drives, etc.).
VARAN includes the definitions for types of cables and connectors, describes the physical signalling and specifies packet formats and protocols. From the perspective of the OSI model, VARAN specifies both the physical layer (OSI Layer 1) and the data link layer (OSI Layer 2). VARAN is a protocol according to the principle master-slave. The VARAN BUS USER ORGANIZATION (VNO) is responsible for the care of the Protocol.

References

Computer networking
Computer network organizations
William Barr McKinnon Duncan. Sir William Barr McKinnon Duncan  (16 December 1922 – 5 November 1984) was a Scottish businessman who served as a director of ICI in both the UK and USA and as chairman and chief executive of the Rolls-Royce Corporation.

Life
He was born on 16 December 1922 and attended Ardrossan Academy. He then studied Mechanical Engineering at Glasgow University, graduating BSc. He was then apprenticed to the Nobel Division of ICI at Ardeer, North Ayrshire.

From 1966 to 1973 he was President of the ICI (America) and then in 1977 became Departmental Chairman of the entire ICI corporation. In 1983 he became Chief Executive of the Rolls-Royce Corporation.

He was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1973 New Years Honours List.
In 1975 he is listed as a Member of the National Enterprise Board.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1980. His proposers form one of the longest and most impressive lists within the Society: Lord Polwarth, Sir Samuel Curran, Sir Edward M Wright, Sir John Atwell, William Whigham Fletcher, William McPhee Hutchison, Alistair North, George Murray Burnett, Alick Buchanan-Smith, Baron Balerno and Robert Allan Smith.
On 17 March 1983 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace.

He died on 5 November 1984.

Family

In 1951 he married Christina Boyd Worth.

References

1922 births
1984 deaths
20th-century Scottish businesspeople
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Rolls-Royce
British expatriates in the United States
People educated at Ardrossan Academy
Redox (operating system). Redox is a Unix-like operating system for x86 computers, based on a microkernel design. It is community-developed, released as free and open-source software and distributed under an MIT License. Written in the programming language Rust, Redox aims to be a general-purpose operating system that is safe and reliable. It is currently in a pre-stable status.

Development 
Redox was created by Jeremy Soller and was first published on 20 April 2015 on GitHub. Redox gets its name from the reduction-oxidation reactions in chemistry; one redox reaction is the corrosion of iron, also called rust. Soller himself is also an engineer at System76.

Redox has a focus on safety, stability, and performance. It is inspired by prior kernels and operating systems, such as SeL4, MINIX, Plan 9, BSD, and Linux. It runs on both 64-bit and 32-bit x86 processors, while a 64-bit ARM version is still at the preliminary stage.

As of September 2024, the Redox repository had a total of 97 contributors. The OS is not yet stable.

Components and apps 
Redox provides packages (memory allocator, file system, display manager, core utilities, etc.) that together make up a functional operating system. Redox relies on an ecosystem of software written in Rust by members of the project. These include the Redox kernel, the Ralloc memory allocater, and the RedoxFS file system which is inspired by the ZFS file system.

pkgutils is Redox's package manager, while relibc is the C standard library.  It has a display and window manager named Orbital, which manages the display, and handles requests for window creation, redraws, and event polling. The Ion shell are the underlying library for shells and command execution in Redox.

Redox includes a command-line interface (CLI) text editor similar to vi, called Sodium. There are numerous graphical user interface (GUI) applications preloaded including a web browser (NetSurf) that uses its own layout engine, a file manager (File Browser), an ANSI type terminal emulator (Orbterm), and various other tools like a software calculator and text editor.

See also
 Rust for Linux
 LynxOS

References

External links
 
 Official GitLab instance
 
 

Free software operating systems
Free software programmed in Rust
Hobbyist operating systems
Microkernel-based operating systems
Software using the MIT license
Unix variants
X86-64 operating systems
Carousel memory. Carousel memory is a type of secondary storage for computers, which was created by Swedish computer engineers  and Gunnar Stenudd. It was first shown at an exhibition in Paris in 1958.

Description 
The FACIT ECM 64, manufactured by Swedish company Facit AB, is a prototype of carousel memory. To avoid having a single, long magnetic tape, it instead has 64 small rolls of  each, with  wide tape on each roll, divided into  per roll. The tape speed is . To read a particular roll, the carousel rotates so the desired roll ends up at the bottom. A counterweight sits at the free end of the tape, and facilitates the roll in moving out and down into a mechanism with a read-and-write head. The tape is then rewound. The average seek time is  and the storage space is . The control system is operated by transistors. Both the carousel and individual spools are replaceable.

The magnetic tape is a 5/8-inch (1.6 cm) wide and 0.05 mm thick Mylar 3M Co type 188.The storage density is specified to , and the access head is capable of simultaneous read/write operations. The power requirement is three-phase 380 volts 50 Hz with  when in standby and  when active. Signaling for data uses eight parallel -20 V to 0 V 5 μs pulses.

Peak transfer speed is , using eight parallel lines and thus  per line.

The first delivery of the Facit EDB 3 computer was in 1958 (to ASEA in Västerås) used the carousel memory Facit ECM 64.

See also 
 BESK, Sweden's first electronic computer, also developed by Erik Stemme
 Exatron Stringy Floppy, 1978 endless tape drive
 Karlqvist gap, calculation of magnetic field in ferromagnetic layer
 Rotronics Wafadrive, 1984 endless tape drive
 ZX Microdrive, 1983 endless tape drive

References

Further reading 
 

Information technology in Sweden
Swedish inventions
Mondiale Car Company. The Mondiale Car Company is a former racing car constructor based in Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland. Mondiale was highly successful in Formula Ford 1600 and also provided chassis for the Barber Saab Pro Series.
Construction of the Mondiale Formula Ford chassis utilized bronze welded joints, also called braze welded, a fabrication method where the base metal is heated but not melted and the fillet material is bronze. This method allows joints under extreme stress to act more ductile without tearing the base metal. Bronze welded joints can be heated, separated, and repaired. This welding technique can be readily found in custom bicycle fabrication. Two keys to the success of this welding method are proper component fitment and cleanliness of the tubing joints.

History
The Mondiale Car Company was founded in 1984 by former Crosslé designer Leslie Drysdale and Irish Formula Ford 1600 team owners Dennis McGall and Colin Lees. Their Formula Ford cars primarily competed in the Irish and British Formula Ford championships. Between 1986 and 1997 Mondiale provided the Barber Saab Pro Series with 30 identical chassis to race.

Cars

References

British racecar constructors
British companies established in 1984 
Manufacturing companies established in 1984 
Defunct manufacturing companies of Northern Ireland
Apco Aviation. Apco Aviation (usually styled APCO), is an Israeli aircraft manufacturer based in Caesarea and founded in 1982 by Anatoly Cohn. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders and at one time also made hang gliders and ultralight aircraft. It also manufacturers paraglider harnesses, the Mayday line of parachute rescue systems and other accessories.

Cohn started building his first prototype hang glider in 1974. In 1978 he produced his first high performance hang glider and in 1982 started Apco Aviation. The company started producing paragliders in 1986 and has built more than 40 different models. It produces a wide range of paragliders that has included the competition Apco Simba, the Prima trainer, the Fiesta beginner glider, the intermediate Presta and Keara.

The company occupies a  factory in northern Israel that was specifically built for Apco. It employs 60 people there.

In 1991 the Apco HiLite III set a World Distance Record for paragliders. The Apco Extra was also later flown to another  World Distance Record for paragliders. In 2000 the Apco Futura set a world record, the company's tenth world record. The company's paragliders hold eleven world records.

Aircraft 

Summary of aircraft built by Apco Aviation:

Apco Activa
Apco Air Xtreme
Apco Allegra
Apco Bagheera
Apco Enigma
Apco Extra
Apco Fiesta
Apco Force
Apco Fun
Apco Futura
Apco Game
Apco HiLite
Apco Hybrid
Apco Karma
Apco Keara
Apco Lift
Apco NRG
Apco Play
Apco Presta
Apco Prima
Apco Salsa
Apco Santana
Apco Sierra
Apco Simba
Apco Speedstar
Apco Starlite
Apco System K
Apco Tetra
Apco Tigra
Apco Thrust
Apco Twister
Apco Vista
Apco Zefira

And "Mayday" series of rescues parachutes...

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Israel
Paramotors
Hang gliders
Paragliders
Ultralight aircraft
Manufacturing companies established in 1982
Israeli companies established in 1982
Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal. Popularly known as HVPM, this is a premier institute in India for physical training. It was set up by Mr Anant Vaidya and Mr Ambadas Vaidya around 1914. Earlier it was referred as Hanuman Akhada. Many political leaders and freedom fighters have visited HVPM. It is said that Shivaram Rajguru studied at HVPM. During his hideout Chandrashekhar Azad also stayed here for few days. The HVPM demonstrated traditional Indian sports at the 1936 Olympics. The institution also has an engineering college in its campus run under the same management committee.

References

Physical education in India
Universities and colleges in Maharashtra
Education in Amravati
Zeinab Elobeid Yousif. Zeinab Elobeid Yousif (1952 – 19 March 2016) (Arabic:  زينب العبيد يوسف), was a Sudanese aircraft engineer. She was the first Sudanese woman to be licensed by the Civil Aviation Authority in the United Kingdom. From July 1973 until May 1992, she worked with Sudan Airways, after which she relocated to the United Kingdom.

Yousif studied and worked in the fields of electronics, avionic communication, navigation and radar. She worked as ground engineer on diverse aircraft such as the Boeing 707 / Boeing 737 / 347 / Fokker 50 and Fokker F27 at Sudan Airways and later also on Cessna 402 / 404 / 208 & Beach craft 1900 at London Southend Airport.

Early life
Yousif was born in Khartoum on 13 June 1952. She was the oldest daughter of Elobeid Yousif Ahmed Shidwan, a well-known and respected businessman and Asma Elobeid Ahmed Shidwan. Both her parents came from religious backgrounds.  

Yousif grew up in the village of Oum Dawwaban (Arabic: أم ضوّاً بان) known for its religious school for boys where people from across Sudan and sub-Saharan Africa send their children to learn classical Arabic and study the Quran. 

During her youth in the 1960s, Sudanese culture was considered patriarchal and hostile towards women wanting to study and work in technical fields such as engineering. Yousif graduated from highschool thanks to her father's encouragement. Yousif studied electronic engineering at Khartoum Polytechnic, now the University of Science and Technology, from 1970 to 1973.

Career 
She first worked as an aircraft engineer in the radio workshop in maintenance and repair for Sudan Airways. From 1983 to 1986, she studied Avionics and Aerospace Engineering at Brunel Technical College in Bristol, UK, where she received her license from the Civil Aviation Authority. In the 1990s, she earned a Master of Science degree in Advanced Manufacturing Systems from Kingston University, London.

References

1952 births
2016 deaths
People from Khartoum
Alumni of Kingston University
20th-century women engineers
20th-century Sudanese women
Sudanese engineers
Sudanese women engineers
20th-century Sudanese people
20th-century engineers
TRASK (computer). Trask or TRASK (TRAnsistorized Sequence Calculator) was a semiconductor based computer that begun development by the Swedish Board for Computing Machinery from 1960 and that went into use in 1965.

History 
Swedish Board for Computing Machinery that had developed BESK began in 1960 the work to develop a new semiconductor based computer.  The plan was to create a faster machine with the experiences from BESK as a foundation but built using semiconductors that since the invention of the transistor in 1947 had become useful for this purpose.  When the Swedish Board for Computing Machinery were dissolved in 1963, the development were half ways and the project was overtaken by the Nobelinstitutet för fysik in cooperation with , Gunnar Hellström and the designer Zoltan Horvath.  TRASK went into service in 1965 and were used until 1980 when it was donated to the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology where it were rebuilt and was put into operation for demonstrations.

Operating principle 
TRASK is a fully transistorized mainframe intended for scientific calculations.  It consists of central units in cabinets, two Facit ECM-64 carousel memories, Ampex memory unit (in a 19-inch rack, standing on top of the cabinets), paper tape readers, paper tape puncher, typewriter, maneuver panel and a desk.

Input- and output units were:
 Paper tape reader (in) 500-1000 characters/second. 5-8 channel strip
 Magnetic tape (in and out)
 Typewriter (out) circa 10 characters/second
 Paper tape puncher (out) circa 150 characters/second
 Teleprinter (out) 11 rows/second, 160 characters/row
 Control panel (in and out)

Information technology in Sweden
Swedish inventions