omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Singeing (textiles). Singeing is a preparation method of textiles; it is applied more commonly to woven textiles and cotton yarns where a clean surface is essential. Singeing in textiles is a mechanical treatment or finish to obtain a neat surface of the fabric or less hairy yarn. In a singeing machine, the yarns or fabrics are exposed to direct flames or to the heated plates to burn the protruding fibers. It is also called "gassing."

Objective 
Singeing is a surface finishing procedure that is followed by mercerising, dyeing, printing, and other textile manufacturing steps. When Greige goods leave the loom, they may have a downy appearance with protruding fibers, which is undesirable for printed goods. The application takes place on loom goods or the yarn stage itself.  Singeing is an application of direct flame onto the surface of yarn or fabric. Cotton yarn is produced with discrete length fibers. Shot fibers inevitably tend to show less spinnability and result in a hairy surface in yarn and subsequently in fabric. Hairy fabrics are less desirable than the clean ones. Singeing burns those protruding fibers that are lying out and produce a clean surface.

Advantage 
Singeing improves the surface appearance by removing fuzzy fibers and improves luster, and the pilling. The smoother and cleaner yarns break less frequently, which increases the fabric's productivity in weaving (or on the loom or knitting machine) and quality as well.

Disadvantages 
Using improper methods when singeing the fabric may result in reduced strength. Yellowing of the material due to over exposure may also occur.

Singeing  may affect the properties and quality of synthetic and blended fabrics since they are thermoplastic and can melt.

Biopolishing 
Biopolishing is an alternative method that is an enzymetic treatment to clean the surface of cellulosic fabrics or yarns. It is also named ''Biosingeing.'' Cellulosic degradation of protruding fibers makes the surface clean.

Gassing 
The term "gassing" is commonly used in relation to yarn. This process involves burning protruding fibers on the yarn (rather than the woven fabric) using direct flame. Gassing can be more efficient (though more costly, as more material is lost) than singeing, as in the latter, only the hairs protruding from the fabric are burned off.

See also 
 Scouring (textiles)
 Heatsetting
 Lisle (textiles)

References 

Textile techniques
Textile treatments
Textile industry
Textile finishing machines
Cornish Lithium. Cornish Lithium is a mineral exploration and development company based in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The company was founded by Jeremy Wrathall in 2016.

Cornish Lithium is building a lithium extraction plant which is backed by the UK Government's Getting Building Fund. The GeoCubed pilot plant will use Direct Lithium Extraction technology to recover lithium from geothermal waters at the United Downs Deep Geothermal Power Project near Redruth. The brine of the United Downs Deep Geothermal Power Project is claimed by Cornish Lithium to be valuable due to its high lithium concentration (220 mg/L), with low magnesium (<5mg/L), total dissolved solids content of <29g/L, and a flow rate of 40-60l/s.

The company also has a hard rock exploration project at Trelavour Downs near St Dennis, Cornwall.

In August 2023, the company announced a £53.6 million initial investment from institutional investors, led by the UK Infrastructure Bank alongside The Energy & Minerals Group and TechMet.

References

External links
 

Lithium mining
2016 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies based in Cornwall
Lancer 28T Mark V. The Lancer 28T Mark V, or Mark 5, is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by W. Shad Turner as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

Production
The design was built by Lancer Yachts in the United States, starting in 1982, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Lancer 28T Mark V is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a slightly angled transom, an internally mounted spade-type/ rudder controlled by a wheel or a tiller and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel. The keel is wide and has a dropped cabin floor into it to increase headroom to .

The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor, but can be optionally equipped with a Japanese Yanmar inboard diesel engine of  for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a straight settee in the main cabin, a drop-down dinette table and an aft cabin with two single berths. The galley is located on both sides just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove to port and a sink to starboard. The head is located just aft of the bow storage area and includes a sink. The fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Lancer 28T Mark V

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by W. Shad Turner
Sailboat types built by Lancer Yachts
Steinbachtal Dam. The Steinbachtal Dam () is a dam in the city of Euskirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia south of .

History 
The dam was built due to pressure from the Euskirchen cloth industry, who by the late 1920s was no longer able to meet its water needs from the natural streams in the area. Problems included the water quality, which was heavily polluted by waste from the Mechernich lead mining industry. Additionally, the amount of water available was no longer sufficient to drive the turbines for hydroelectric power. The Steinbach Reservoir Association () was founded in 1933 to carry out the construction and ongoing operation of the dam. Construction work began in February 1934 and finished in 1936. A 16 km cast-iron pipeline, was built to transport the water to the town of Euskirchen and Kuchenheim.

The lake, which has a maximum depth of 17.4m, is now a popular local recreation area. The dam structure of the reservoir was made of coarse-stone with a clay seal on the water side. It is operated by the Zweckverband Steinbachtalsperre/Wasserversorgungsverband Euskirchen-Swisttal.

From September 1988 to 1990, the dam was redeveloped. Recommissioning began on 27 April 1990. The water side was equipped with a 0.80 m thick concrete layer and two asphalt layers.

2021 flood 
During the continuous rain in mid-July 2021 the spillways capacity was to small and the earthen dam over-topped for around three hours. Large parts of the air side washed away and the dam was in danger of bursting due to the heavy load. Therefore, about 15,000 residents of the villages , ,  several villages in Swisttal and the Rheinbach districts Niederdrees and Oberdrees located below had to be evacuated. Potential evacuations were announced for other regions along the Erft, especially Erftstadt and Kerpen. 
The stones washed away from the dam settled below the bottom outlet and blocked it.

The situation calmed down after the blockage was able to be resolved and a controlled outflow was made possible; additionally several units of the fire brigade and the Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW) pumped out water.

Evacuation was lifted after five days when the reservoir was nearly empty.

See also 
 List of dams and reservoirs in Germany

Bibliography 
 Andreas Dix: Industrialisierung und Wassernutzung. Eine historisch-geographische Umweltgeschichte der Tuchfabrik Ludwig Müller in Kuchenheim (= Beiträge zur Industrie- und Sozialgeschichte. Bd. 7). Rheinland-Verlag GmbH, Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7927-1600-3 (Zugleich: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 1993).
 , Format: PDF, KBytes: 871

Gallery

References

External links 

 List of dams in NRW (PDF; 122 kB)
 History of the dam

Dams in North Rhine-Westphalia
Reservoirs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Dams completed in 1936
Lancer 36 FR. The Lancer 36 FR (Fractional Rig) is an American sailboat that was designed by Bill Lee as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

The Lancer 36 FR is a development of the Lancer 36, with the fractional rig designed by Bruce Farr. The Lancer 36 FR was originally marketed by the manufacturer as the Lancer 36, but is now usually referred to as the Lancer 36 FR to differentiate it from the 1973 design from which it was derived.

Production
The design was built by Lancer Yachts in the United States from 1982 until 1985, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Lancer 36 FR is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel. It is fitted with an inboard diesel engine for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with two straight settees in the main cabin and two aft cabins with double berths. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow storage area.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat types built in the United States
Sailboat type designs by Bill Lee
Sailboat types built by Lancer Yachts
Christopher Sharpsten. Christopher John Sharpsten is a retired United States Army major general who most recently served as the Deputy Director of Supply, Production and Distribution for the United States Department of Defense COVID-19 prevention and treatment logistics program from July 2020 to July 2021. Previously, he served as the Director of Logistics of the United States Central Command from August 2018 to June 2020.

Sharpsten earned a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering from the United States Military Academy in 1988. He later received a Master of Business Administration degree in material and logistics management-operations from the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management at Michigan State University in 1997 and a Master of Science degree in national security strategy from the National War College in 2010.

Listed as Special Assistant to the Director of the Army Staff on the roster of Army general officers from 2020 to 2021, Sharpsten was in fact serving as deputy director of supply, production and distribution for the Department of Defense COVID-19 prevention and treatment logistics program led by General Gustave F. Perna.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
United States Military Academy alumni
Eli Broad College of Business alumni
National War College alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Jinbei Haishiwang. The Jinbei Haishiwang (海狮王) is a light commercial van (LCV) produced by the Chinese automobile manufacturer Jinbei under the Renault Brilliance Jinbei joint venture. The Haishiwang is built on the same Toyota-licensed platform as the Jinbei Xinkuaiyun and Jinbei Granse while serving as a more upmarket model. The production line and technology was improved via the Renault-Mitsubishi-Nissan Alliance standards and the design was conducted by European designers.

Overview
The Haishiwang is available as a 2- seater, 6- seater, 7/9- seater and 10 seater models, and is offered as both cargo van and passenger van models.
Two body styles are available including the 4-door low roof variant and the 5-door high-roof variant, with the 4-door model still retaining the Toyota Granvia derived rear end design, and the 5-door high-roof variant receiving a redesigned rear barn door design. 

The more affordable operating version is available in six trim levels, priced from 116,100 yuan to 131,700 yuan. The rear compartment offers optional privacy glass, independent rear air conditioning, dual USB sockets, and multi-directional Adjustable seats with armrests.

Powertrain and Chassis
The Haishiwang is powered by the Mianyang Xinchen produced 2.0-liter 1TZS naturally aspirated engine with a maximum power of 100 kilowatts (136hp) and a peak torque of 185 N·m. The transmission part is matched with an Aisin 6-speed manual transmission. The chassis of the operating version of the Haishiwang uses a combination of a front double wishbone torsion bar spring independent suspension and a rear coil spring independent suspension. Some models also use a longitudinal leaf spring rear suspension.

References

External links 

 Jinbei Granse Official Site 

Haishiwang
Cars of China
Minibuses
Cab over vehicles
Vans
Cars introduced in 2020
2020s cars
Design 1029 ship. The Design 1029 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1029) was a steel-hulled passenger/cargo ship designed to be converted in times of war to a troopship. design approved for production by the United States Shipping Boards Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. They were referred to as the 535-type as all the ships were 535 feet overall length. A total of 11 ships were built from 1921 to 1922. Three shipyards built the ships: Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard of Baltimore, Maryland (5 ships); Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia (5 ships); and New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden, New Jersey (which built the six former Design 1095 ships).

References

Bibliography

External links
 EFC Design 1029: Illustrations

Standard ship types of the United States
Design 1029 ships
Design 1029 ships of the United States Navy
Design 1029 ships of the United States Army
Lancer 39. The Lancer 39 is an American sailboat that was designed by Herb David as an motorsailer and a cruiser and first built in 1982.

Production
The design was built by Lancer Yachts in the United States, from 1982 to 1983, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Lancer 39 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, with a fixed swimming platform, a pilothouse, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and is fitted with an inboard engine for cruising, docking and maneuvering.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Lancer 39 on cradle, showing keel and rudder

Keelboats
Motorsailers
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Herb David
Sailboat types built by Lancer Yachts
Solomon Harper. Solomon Harper (born in Poplar Grove, Arkansas, on August 8, 1893) was an electrical engineer and inventor known for creating the first electrically heated hair roller and 28 other inventions. 

Harper worked for various railways performing jobs like section head, construction and other locomotive work. In 1914, he applied for his first patent for his block system which he invented to prevent train collision. It was designed to prevent rear and head on collision and to prevent trains from running into open switches, to automatically reduce train's speed at dangerous places, and to stop trains at railways junctions.

During the course of his career, he struggled to receive recognition and compensation for his inventions. Harper was trained as an electrical engineer and was a veteran. He was a politically active communist, and organized at least one march to picket the White House about unemployment in 1930.

References

1893 births
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
20th-century American inventors
20th-century American engineers
American electrical engineers
Engineers from Arkansas
People from Phillips County, Arkansas
African-American engineers
African-American inventors
20th-century African-American people
Ottoman frigate Kervan-i Bahri. Kervan-i Bahri was a steam frigate of the Ottoman Navy that was built in the 1850s.

Design
Kervan-i Bahri was  long overall, with a beam of  and a draft of . Her hull was constructed with wood. Her tonnage was 1,592 tons burthen. She had a crew of 275 officers and enlisted men. The ship was armed with a battery of forty-two guns of unknown caliber arranged on the broadside.

She was propelled by a two-cylinder, direct-acting marine steam engine that drove a single screw propeller; the engine was manufactured by Robert Napier and Sons in Britain. Steam was provided by two coal-fired box boilers. Her propulsion system was rated for a top speed of , though specific horsepower figures have not survived. Her coal storage capacity amounted to .

Service history
Kervan-i Bahri was ordered in 1852 and was laid down at the Imperial Arsenal in Constantinople later that year. Her completed hull was launched in 1853, and fitting out was completed in 1856, less her engines. After being ship commissioning in early 1856, she sailed for Portsmouth, Britain, where her engine and boilers were installed. She sailed in company with the ship of the line , which was also to have propulsion machinery installed. The work on Kervan-i Bahri was completed by 22 May, when she departed to return home. The ship conducted initial sea trials in 1857.

In early 1866, the Cretan Revolt broke out on the island of Crete. Greek nationalists on the island sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and union with Greece. The Ottoman naval minister, Haci Mustafa Pasha, came aboard Kervan-i Bahri and sailed to Crete on 5 April 1867 to investigate the situation around the island. He decided to base a squadron in Preveza to blockade the island, but it was plagued with coal shortages. In 1868, the ship's propulsion system was removed, leaving her powered by sails alone; all but two of her guns were removed at that time as well. She was thereafter used as a transport vessel. The ship was decommissioned in 1875 and was broken up for scrap at the Imperial Arsenal in Constantinople three years later.

Notes

References
 

Frigates of the Ottoman Navy
1853 ships
Aiways U7 ion. The U7 ion is a concept car from the Chinese start up Aiways which was first shown at the Shanghai Auto Show in 2019.

It was used to demonstrate Aiways’ artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and included a self-learning robot with voice recognition capabilities that could move around the car's interior via a roof rail and offer the passengers assistance. The concept car also  offered a mobile console with touchscreen which could be moved around the cabin, refrigerator, air purifier and heated and cooled cup holders.

Aiways have not yet announced plans to put the U7 ion into production.

References

Aiways
Concept cars
APT40. APT40, also known as BRONZE MOHAWK (by Secureworks), FEVERDREAM, G0065, GADOLINIUM (formerly by Microsoft), Gingham Typhoon (by Microsoft), GreenCrash, Hellsing (by Kaspersky), Kryptonite Panda (by Crowdstrike), Leviathan (by Proofpoint), MUDCARP, Periscope, Temp.Periscope, and Temp.Jumper, is an advanced persistent threat operated by the Hainan State Security Department, a branch of the Chinese Ministry of State Security located in Haikou, Hainan, China, and has been active since at least 2009. 

APT40 has targeted governmental organizations, companies, and universities in a wide range of industries, including biomedical, robotics, and maritime research, across the United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and the South China Sea area, as well as industries included in China's Belt and Road Initiative. APT40 is closely connected to Hafnium.

History 
On July 19, 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) unsealed an indictment against four APT40 cyber actors for their illicit computer network exploitation activities via front company Hainan Xiandun Technology Development Company.

In March 2024, the New Zealand Government and its signals intelligence agency Government Communications Security Bureau accused the Chinese government via APT40 of breaching its parliamentary network in 2021. In July 2024, eight nations released a joint advisory on APT40.

See also 

 Cyberwarfare by China
 Red Apollo

References 

Cyberespionage units of the Ministry of State Security (China)
Hainan
Organizations based in Haikou
Van der Meer formula. The Van der Meer formula is a formula for calculating the required stone weight for armourstone under the influence of (wind) waves. This is necessary for the design of breakwaters and shoreline protection. Around 1985 it was found that the Hudson formula in use at that time had considerable limitations (only valid for permeable breakwaters and steep (storm) waves). That is why the Dutch government agency Rijkswaterstaat commissioned Deltares to start research for a more complete formula. This research, conducted by Jentsje van der Meer, resulted in the Van der Meer formula in 1988, as described in his dissertation.  
This formula reads 

and

In this formula: 
Hs  = Significant wave height at the toe of the construction
Δ = relative density of the stone (= (ρs -ρw)/ρw) where ρs is the density of the stone and ρw is the density of the water
dn50 = nominal stone diameter
α = breakwater slope
P = notional permeability 
S = Damage number
N = number of waves in the storm
ξm = the Iribarren number calculated with the Tm

For design purposes, for the coefficient cp the value of 5,2 and for cs the value 0,87 is recommended. 

The value of P can be read from attached graph. Until now, there is no good method for determining P different than with accompanying pictures. Research is under way to try to determine the value of P using calculation models that can simulate the water movement in the breakwater (OpenFOAM models).

The value of the damage number S is defined as

where A is the area of the erosion area. Permissible values for ''S are:

References

Coastal engineering
Equations
Coastal erosion
Design 1031 ship. The Design 1031 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1031) was a steel-hulled tanker ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Boards Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 16 ships were ordered; 5 were cancelled and 11 were built from 1919 to 1920. Two shipyards were used in their construction: Bethlehem Wilmington Shipyard of Wilmington, Delaware (6 ships); and Terry Shipbuilding Company of Savannah, Georgia (5 ships).

References

Bibliography

External links
 EFC Design 1031 (Bethlehem): Illustrations
 EFC Design 1031 (Terry): Illustrations

Standard ship types of the United States
 
Design 1031 ships of the United States Navy
Tankers of the United States
Laura Roa. Laura María Roa Romero is a Spanish biomedical engineer, and a University Professor in the Biomedical Engineering Group at the University of Seville, which she founded in 1986. She has a doctorate from the University of Seville, earned in 1980.

Recognition
Roa was named a Fellow of the IEEE in 2003, "for contributions to new resuscitation therapies for burn patients that are based on mathematical modeling, simulation, and control techniques". She is also a fellow of the Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Sevilla, the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

She was president of the Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (Spanish Biomedical Engineering Society) from 2004 to 2012.

References

External links
Laura Roa Romero, Sevillanos Ilustres

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Spanish bioengineers
Spanish women engineers
University of Seville alumni
Academic staff of the University of Seville
Fellows of the IEEE