omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bohai Strait tunnel project. The Bohai Strait Tunnel or Dalian-Yantai Tunnel is a proposed undersea tunnel construction project across the Bohai Strait to connect Dalian on the Liaodong Peninsula with Yantai on the Shandong Peninsula. The official name for the project is  Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Corridor ().

Crossing the Bohai Strait, the tunnel would be  long, of which  would be underwater. This would exceed the combined lengths of the two longest undersea tunnels in the world, the Seikan Tunnel () and the Channel Tunnel (). The tunnel is planned to run more than  under the Strait.

Operated by China Railway Engineering Corporation, the tunnel would be linked to the Chinese high-speed railway system. Cars would be loaded on railway carriages to make the 40-minute crossing. Currently, the Bohai Train Ferry, inaugurated in 2007, crosses the strait in eight hours.

The project was estimated to cost 200 billion yuan (US$32 billion). In August 2014, it was reported that work is likely to commence during the 13th Five-year plan and construction would take ten years to complete.

As of March 2018, the central government wants to get construction underway on this bay connection 'as soon as possible'.

Plans were formally submitted to the National Development and Reform Commission (NRDC) for approval in May 2019. The project would include bridges from Penglai linking the Changshan Islands, then a tunnel under the main Bohai Strait, for a total length of 125 km. If construction was started in 2020, the opening date would be in the early 2030s. The estimated budget has risen to 300 billion  yuan (US$43 billion).

See also
 Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge
 Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project
 Qiongzhou Strait tunnel
 Seikan Tunnel
 Japan–Korea Undersea Tunnel

References

Bohai Sea
Proposed rail infrastructure in China
Proposed undersea tunnels in Asia
Rail transport in Dalian
Rail transport in Shandong
Proposed railway tunnels in Asia
Tilbury Flash. 

The Tilbury Flash is a single-seat American racing monoplane designed and built in the 1930s by Owen Tilbury and Cecil Fundy. The aircraft was built in 1932 and was entered in the US National Air Races. At Cleveland, at the time it was described as probably the smallest racing aeroplane in the world. 

The Flash was on display at the McLean County Museum of History in  Bloomington, Illinois, but has since been removed to make room for the Cruisin' with Lincoln on 66 Visitors Center.  The Flash is currently on display in the Central Illinois Regional Airport.

Specifications

References

1930s United States sport aircraft
Racing aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Samuel Dalziel Heron. Samuel Dalziel Heron (18 May 1891 – 10 July 1963) was a British born aerospace engineer who made major contributions to the design of piston engines. While working in Britain he carried out the first systematic research into air-cooled cylinders. In the U.S.A he contributed to the design of the Curtiss R-1454, invented the sodium cooled poppet valve and became technical director for aeronautical research for the Ethyl Corporation.

Early life
Sam Dalziel Heron was born on 18 May 1893, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. He attended Alleyn's School in Dulwich, Goldsmiths' College (London University) and Durham University, near Newcastle upon Tyne.

Early career in the United Kingdom
During the First World War, Heron worked at the Royal Aircraft Factory. From 1915 to 1916 he worked with Professor A.H. Gibson on the first systematic research into the design of air-cooled engine cylinders. They concluded that (1) aluminium should be used for efficient conduction (2) the cylinder head should be in one piece because conduction through metal-to-metal interfaces could not be guaranteed (3) the cylinder head should provide the shortest escape path for heat at the hottest parts across the greatest cross section. Working with  Major F. M. Green, they developed the RAF.8. This was a 14-cylinder 300 hp radial engine, which first ran in September 1916.

On the breakup of the Royal Aircraft Factory in 1917 he joined Siddeley-Deasy. He disagreed with J.D Siddeley over the redesign of the Siddeley-Deasy Puma cylinder head and other design policies. As a result, he resigned and left for the United States in 1921.

Career in the United States
Heron arrived  in the United States in 1921 to work on military applications of the two-valve air-cooled
cylinder.  In 1934 he became Director of Aeronautical Research at the Ethyl Corporation in Detroit, a position he held until his retirement in 1946.

Awards
Manley Medal for 'Meritorious contributions to Aircraft Engineering' 1928

Certificate of Merit for Outstanding Fidelity and Meritorious conduct in aid of the war effort against the common enemies of the United States and its Allies in World War II (1948)

Patents

Publications

See also 
 Heron cylinder head

References

Cited sources

External links 
 The Sam D Heron collection at the San Diego Air & Space Museum

1890s births
1965 deaths
20th-century British engineers
Alumni of Durham University
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
British emigrants to the United States
English aerospace engineers
People educated at Alleyn's School
Scientists from Newcastle upon Tyne
Degenerative chain transfer. In polymer chemistry, degenerative chain transfer (also called degenerate chain transfer) is a process that can occur in a radical polymerization where the active site is transferred from one site along the polymer chain to another site, without changing the active site's reactivity (hence the term "degenerate," signifying that the pre- and post-transfer active sites have the same energy or reactivity). Thus, the prevalence of degenerative chain transfer in relation to other chain transfer mechanisms has a significant influence on the molecular weight distribution of the resulting product.

In chain polymerization processes it is observed that during the chemical reactions an active centre on a growing chain is transferred from a growing macromolecule - P• - or oligomer to another molecule (transfer agent XR) or to another site on the same molecule.

P• + XR → PX + R•

This transfer involves termination of the initially growing chain to the completed macromolecule PX, where X denotes one end-group of the macromolecule. The example shows that the growing macromolecule as well as the transfer agent are consumed during this process. However, there are also chain transfer reactions that generate new chain carriers and new chain transfer agents at the same time with significant consequences for the distribution of the (average) molecular weight distribution, the dispersity Đ and the (average) degree of polymerization of the product. These chain transfer reactions are called degenerative chain transfer reactions and are observed, for example in RAFT-, ITRP-, or TERP- processes. RAFT = reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization; ITRP = iodine-transfer polymerization; TERP = telluride-mediated polymerization. These polymerization techniques belong to the class of reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) that show some characteristics of a living polymerization, however, they must not be addressed as living polymerizations because true living polymerizations are characterized by the absence of any termination reaction.

In this sense, a chain-transfer agent RX is a substance that is able to react with a chain carrier by a reaction in which the original chain P• is deactivated and a new chain carrier R• is generated, as shown above.

References 

Polymerization reactions
Zaher Abd El-Rahman. Lieutenant general Mohamed Zaher Abdelrahman or Zaher Abdelrahman (arabic: زاهر عبدالرحمن) born on September 12, 1935, is an Egyptian military officer who has held many military and government positions.

Zaher Abd El-Rahman was Commander of the Egyptian Air Defence Forces from 1990 until 1993. He graduated from the Military College in October 1955 and was commissioned into an Engineering regiment. He served as a combat engineer officer in an engineering battalions in Yemen. He was inducted into the Air Defense Forces in 1968 and completed the Air Defense officer's basic course in 1969 and Higher Command course in 1971. He was commander of the Air Defence Forces from Dec. 1990 to April 1993.

He served as the Governor of Matrouh Governorate from 1993 to 1995 and the governor of the Red Sea Governorate from 1996 to 1997.

He also served as the Chairman of Al-Zohour Sporting club where he oversaw the construction of the New Cairo branch.

Zaher Abd El-Rahman was chief of a SAM Battalion during the war of 1973. Augmenting JY-9A and TPS 59/34 radar systems to the Air defence forces. Starting the operation of Eastern sector of command, control and communication system of the Air defence forces. He participated in the Six-Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973.

References

Egyptian generals
1935 births
Living people
Gadonanotube. Gadonanotube are carbon nanotubes containing superparamagnetic clusters of Gd3+ ions. They are linear molecular magnets and efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The term gadonanotube was introduced in 2005.

Preparation
Owing to their large magnetic moment (μ2 = 63μB2), Gd3+ ions are the most popular MRI contrast agents. They are toxic in aqueous solutions, but can be neutralized by chelation or by encapsulating them into carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, resulting in gadonanotubes and gadofullerenes. The as-prepared nanotubes have their ends capped by carbon that hinders their filling. They are cut open by a chemical or/and ultrasonic treatment, and their side walls are chemically modified (functionalized) to impart solubility in water and biological compatibility. Then the nanotubes are sonicated in an aqueous solution of GdCl3 to form gadonanotubes, where the Gd3+ forms clusters of 2–5 nm diameter which contain up to 10 ions. The small size of the clusters is responsible for the superparamagnetism and superior MRI contrast properties of gadonanotubes. The non-encapsulated Gd is removed by repeated washing with water.

Properties and applications
Gadonanotubes are similar to gadofullerenes in structure and functionality, but they are significantly cheaper and easier to prepare, and have superior magnetic properties. For 20–100 MHz frequencies, their relaxation rate is 3–6 times that of gadofullerenes and about 40 times that of Magnevist, a common commercial MRI contrast agent. This difference is even much larger at lower frequencies. The dispersibility of gadonanotubes in water has also been significantly increased, without the need of a surfactant, by coating the nanotube surface with polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer. PAA coated gadonanotubes have proven to be good MRI contrast agents when dispersed in water at physiological pH with a relaxivity of 150 mM−1 ·s −1 per Gd3+ ion at 1.5 T, and have also been used to safely label porcine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for MRI imaging.

References

Carbon nanotubes
Real-Time Systems (company). Real-Time Systems GmbH, headquartered in Ravensburg, Germany, is a privately held software company.

Real-Time Systems develops and sells software products for embedded systems and real-time applications.

Founded in 2006 as a spin-out from industrial robot maker KUKA, Real-Time Systems is providing its solutions globally directly and through distributors and is a member of the  Intel Intelligent Systems Alliance, an Intel Premier Software Partner  and Microsoft Embedded Gold Partner.

Core product lines of the company are the RTS Hypervisor, a real-time capable virtualization solution for Intel Architecture, as well as protocol stacks for the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), IEEE 1588 for time synchronization over packed based networks.

References

External links
 Official website

Software companies of Germany
Software companies established in 2006
German companies established in 2006
Indian locomotive class XE. The Indian locomotive class XE (X Eagle) was a class of  "Mikado" type steam locomotives used on  broad gauge lines in India.  The model was the largest of the "Pacific" class, with a 7 ft (2.1 m) diameter boiler.

Variants
AWE: Made by Baldwin Locomotive Works during and post World War II period when British manufacturers could not meet demand.

Preservation
However, there are only five XE's preserved around India, XE 3634 (22541) is restored to working order at Rewari, 22577, and 22580 are both preserved private at MP Electricity Board, XE's 22531 and 22558 are preserved privately by UP Cement Corporation,

See also

Indian Railways
Locomotives of India

References

Bibliography

Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
XE
Vulcan Foundry locomotives
William Beardmore and Company locomotives
2-8-2 locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Institute of Jute Technology. It is one of the oldest and best Engineering Department Of University Of Calcutta Based on Technical Textile Technology & Fibre Science in West Bengal, India, approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi and affiliated to the Institution of Engineers (India). This Department was founded by the University of Calcutta  on 1951. This Department offers  B.Tech, M.Tech & PHD  Degrees. It offers Bachelor Degree in Undergraduate, B.Tech  (4yr) and Master degree in Post Graduate, M.Tech in Textile Technology. It also offer PG Diploma and PhD programs.

See also 
Education in India
Education in West Bengal

References

External links
Institute of Jute Technology Official website]

University of Calcutta affiliates
Engineering colleges in Kolkata
Textile  industry of India
1951 establishments in West Bengal
Universities and colleges established in 1951
JIS College of Engineering. JIS College of Engineering is a college located in Kalyani, West Bengal, India. The college was established in 2000.The Institution is declared Autonomous by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in 2011. In 2022, the college was accredited by NAAC with Grade-A. It is affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (MAKAUT, WB). The institute is ranked by NIRF in the range of 201–250 in 2021. In Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2020, the institute has secured a place in Band B (Rank Between 26th – 50th ) among Private or Self-Financed College/Institutes in India.  On 1 September 2020, the institute celebrated its 20th Birthday.

Programs

Engineering 

 B. Tech Agricultural Engineering
 B. Tech Biomedical Engineering
 B. Tech Civil Engineering
 B. Tech Computer Science and Engineering
 B. Tech Computer Science and Technology
 B. Tech Electrical Engineering
 B. Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B. Tech Information Technology
 B. Tech Mechanical Engineering
 M. Tech Computer Science and Engineering
 M. Tech Electrical Devices & Power System
 M. Tech Mechanical Engineering
 M. Tech Mobile Communication and Networking Technology
 Diploma in Electrical Engineering
 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Management 

 MBA
 BBA
 BBA in Digital Marketing
 BBA in Hospital Management
 B.Sc. in Hospitality and Hotel Administration

Computer Application 

 MCA
 BCA

See also

References

External links
 
 Makaut, WB affiliated colleges

Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Nadia district
Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Kalyani, West Bengal
Educational institutions established in 2000
2000 establishments in West Bengal
Soft retooling. Soft retooling is a process that changes the ablation shape during laser ablation without changing any hardware. Contrarily to conventional milling, it is possible with laser sculpting to change ablation geometry just by changing parameters of laser ablation that have the desired effects on laser ablation. Conventional milling machines contain trays on which different tool bits are stored and must consider in their machining routine tool change. This operation is not necessary when using laser sculpting.

References

Laser machining
Cayman Chemical Company. Cayman Chemical Company is an American biotechnology company founded in 1980, headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The company provides chemicals that are used primarily by universities and pharmaceutical companies for research and the development of medicines. The company is also known as a provider of reference standards to state and federal crime labs for use in the detection of rapidly evolving designer drugs. Small quantities of these known reference standards are analyzed using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography techniques to match against forensic evidence, usually confiscated by law enforcement, or forensic toxicological evidence collected in the form of biological samples such as urine, blood, or tissue.

History
Cayman Chemical Company was incorporated on June 6, 1980, in Denver, Colorado. It was initially a marine natural products company. Building on earlier environmental studies in the North Sound of Grand Cayman Island, Cayman initially sold prostaglandin standards as research chemicals. The company operated in Denver for several years before relocating to Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Commercializing the patented work of Philippe Pradelles and others, Cayman exploited the acetylcholinesterase enzyme of electric eels to develop a range of sensitive enzyme immunoassays for prostaglandins in the late 1980s.
The availability of these assays enabled the development of Celebrex by Searle/Monsanto, relying on measurements of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2, and of Singulair by Merck & Co, relying on measurements of unstable leukotrienes.

Subsidiaries

Cayman Europe
Cayman Europe was established in January, 2005 in Tallinn, Estonia. Their operations focus on the distribution of Cayman Chemical products in Europe.

Cayman Pharma
Facilities are located in Neratovice, a town 18 miles north of Prague in the Czech Republic. Production is focused on pharmaceutical ingredients for generic drug formulators, specifically bulk prostaglandins.

Matreya LLC 
Matreya, LLC is a lipid biochemical company offering a comprehensive line of sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, globotriaosylceramides, fatty acids, and sterols.

References

External links

 Cayman Chemical Official website
 Cayman Pharma Official website

Research support companies
Chemical companies established in 1980
1980 establishments in Michigan
Angelic non-determinism. In computer science, angelic non-determinism is the execution of a nondeterministic algorithm where particular choices are declared to always favor a desired result, if that result is possible.

For example, in halting analysis of a Nondeterministic Turing machine, the choices would always favor termination of the program.

The "angelic" terminology comes from the Christian religious conventions of angels being benevolent and acting on behalf of an omniscient God.

References

 

Theoretical computer science
LFG Roland D.XVII. The LFG Roland D.XVII was a single-seat, single-engine, parasol wing German fighter aircraft flown close to the end of World War I. Only one was built.

Design and development

The D.XVII was the last of LFG's line of single-seat fighters.  It combined features of their previous two models, the D.XV and D.XVI: it had the engine and fuselage of the third D.XV but was a parasol wing aircraft like the D.XVI.

Despite the common configuration the wings of the D.XVI and D.XVII were different. The D.XVIIs wings had constant chord and overhung ailerons.  It was mounted over the fuselage on each side with an inverted V-form strut pair from the leading edge to the lower fuselage longeron and a second strut from the rear wing spar to the same longeron further aft.  The structure was stabilized laterally with a further outward leaning strut between top of the forward V-strut and the upper fuselage.

The D.XVII shared the flat-sided, tapered fuselage of the third D.XV, a tailplane mounted to the rear horizontal knife edge, a small fin and an almost semicircular rudder which was entirely above the tailplane. The D.XVII was powered by a  BMW IIIa six cylinder, water-cooled inline engine driving a two-bladed propeller. The fixed conventional undercarriage was standard for the time, with a rigid axle mounted to V-struts attached to the lower fuselage longerons, plus a tailskid faired into a small ventral fin.

The D.XVII was rolled out on 18 October 1918 in time for the third D-type competition held at Adlershof that month but was judged inferior to the Fokker V 29, another parasol wing, BMW III powered design.  The Roland's wing oscillated in turns and stalled without warning at low speeds.

Specifications

See also

 LFG Roland D.XVI 
 Fokker D.VIII 
 Siemens-Schuckert D.VI 
 Rumpler D.I 
 Zeppelin-Lindau D.I

References

Parasol-wing aircraft
1910s German fighter aircraft
LFG Roland D.XVII
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Flylight E-Dragon. The Flylight E-Dragon is a British electric ultralight trike, designed by Ben Ashman and prototyped by Flylight Airsports of Northamptonshire. The aircraft was under development in 2011.

Design and development
The aircraft was developed from the Flylight Dragonfly single place, retractable landing gear trike. The E-Dragon features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single electric motor in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a  Geiger HP Direct 10 electric motor powering a folding  propeller. The power source is a 2.6 kWh Lithium ion battery, which provides a normal flight duration of 30 minutes or 15 minutes at full power.

A number of different engines have been tested, including an E-Lift  plus an electric powerplant of . The prototype used an Aeros Discus wing.

Specifications (E-Dragon)

References

External links
Photo of the E-Dragon prototype

2010s British sport aircraft
2010s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Electric aircraft
Indian Ocean Station. The Indian Ocean Station (IOS) was a US Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) tracking station that operated in the Seychelles islands from 1963 until 1996. When the station opened it marked the start of an official American military presence in Seychelles.

Sites
The station was made up of the following sites:

Technical site
The technical site was located off the top of La Misere Road.  It housed the one 60-foot antenna used to support telemetry, tracking and commanding for satellites.  This antenna was housed within a radome, which resembled a large golf ball when viewed from a distance.  In later years a second antenna with radome was added; this antenna supported communications with the US via satellite. The technical site fell into disrepair and was subsequently used for a residence for Sheikh Khalifa, the President of the United Arab Emirates.  The building of the residence generated local controversy.

Transmitter site
The transmitter site was located north of Grand Anse.

Receiver site
The receiver site was located near Souvenir Estate.  The station Commander's house was located nearby.

Housing site
The housing site included housing, dining and other support facilities for station staff. The housing site subsequently became the site for the Seychelles Tourism Academy.

Commemoration
IOS celebrated its 25 anniversary in 1988. Although the station had been closed since 1996, former IOS staff organized a 50th anniversary reunion in June-July 2013, covered in the local media.

References

Further reading
 

United States Air Force
Military history of Seychelles
Seychelles articles missing geocoordinate data
1960s establishments in Seychelles
20th-century disestablishments in Seychelles
Ground stations
Seychelles–United States relations