omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Saunders Medina. The Saunders A.4 Medina was a British flying boat built by S.E. Saunders at East Cowes, Isle of Wight.

Development
The Medina was built for the Air Council between 1925 and 1926 and was a plywood-covered wooden flying boat powered by two 450 hp Bristol Jupiter VI radial engines mounted onto and slung from the top wings.  The upper wing was slightly smaller than the lower wing, braced with Warren truss-type interplane struts. It had a crew of two and room for ten passengers. Only one Medina was built, registered G-EBMG, first flying in November 1926. It proved disappointing, having poor water handling, with its hull being prone to leaks. It was withdrawn from use and scrapped in 1929.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

External links

The Saunders Medina

1920s British civil utility aircraft
Flying boats
Medina
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Atlas Press (tool company). Atlas Press Co. was a tool company that manufactured popular brands of metalworking tools from 1920 to the mid-1970s. Many of their products received wide coverage in Popular Mechanics and Popular Science at the time.

History 
In 1911, the inventor Gardner T. Eames of Kalamazoo, Michigan filed for a patent on a new type of arbor press, but was unable to secure funding for production. Eames partnered with Herbert H. Everard to create the G.T. Eames Company, under the agreement that the rights to the patent were to be shared between both men. The company started producing the press under the "Eames Presses" brand with some success. In 1913, Everard died, leaving his controlling share of the firm to his daughter and her husband, John Penniman. Eames eventually became disillusioned with the Pennimans' handling of the company and sold his shares to them for $5,000. Penniman subsequently moved the company to another location in Kalamazoo, renaming it to Atlas Press Company. Eames opened a machine shop and continued to build and sell presses under the old trademark, which eventually led to conflict between the two parties, both of whom claimed exclusivity over the patent, as well as additional improvements made by Eames.

Patent dispute
In 1919 the Pennimans filed an unfair trade lawsuit against Eames (Atlas Press Co. v. Eames), claiming rights over the trademark, patent and improved design. The case was argued in front of the Michigan Supreme Court, which ruled that Eames had to cease use of the trademark, but refusing the transfer of the improved press to the Atlas company.

Later years
In 1920 the company began making and selling small machine tools, including drill presses and lathes, as well as woodworking tools, such as jointers and table saws. They were sold through the Sears catalog, some of them re-branded under the Craftsman name. In 1965, the company changed its name to Clausing Industrial, Inc.  and divested its woodworking product lines to focus on industrial machinery. In 1985, the 600 Group acquired parts of Clausing. The Clausing brand is still used today. The 600 Group, which had earlier also acquired the British Colchester and T.S. Harrison lathe brands (in 1954 and 1971, respectively), also recombined the branding to include the Clausing Colchester (North America only) and Colchester Harrison names.

Notes

References

External links
 Clausing Industrial
 Atlas Press page, maintained by Clausing 
 Hobbyist page collecting articles about and for Atlas machine tools from 1941 to 1969.
 The 600 Group

Machine tool builders
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Indiana
Counter-air patrol. Counter-air patrol, known as Flower missions in RAF parlance, is a type of flying mission for fighter aircraft against other fighters, common in World War II and sometimes combined with fighter sweeps (Rhubarb missions)  against targets of opportunity. Counter-air patrol is an attempt to achieve air superiority by maintaining patrols above and around enemy airfields.

Aircraft are vulnerable on take off, fully loaded and working to gain altitude and speed. The aim of the counter-air patrol was to pick off enemy fighters as they took off and during their climb to an operational height. Fighter sweeps were used both to attrit the enemy and to provide cover for bombing raids by forcing enemy fighters to protect their own airfields.

References

See also
Combat air patrol
Intruder (air combat)
Offensive counter air

Counter-air patrol
Lombard Street Bridge. Lombard Street Bridge is a historic truss bridge located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is an 88-foot cast iron span consisting of three lines of trusses—two outer trusses of composite cast and wrought iron in a diagonal Pratt design and a center composite bowstring truss of Pratt-system web. It was designed in 1877 by engineer Wendel Bollman (1814–1884). The center bowstring is actually a bifurcated cast iron water main. This design for a bridge carrying a water line as a component of the truss bridge support itself is a unique design element of this bridge.

The bridge was dismantled and placed into storage in 1975, after it was judged that it could not handle the increased traffic on Lombard Street. 
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

References

External links
, including photo in 1968, at Maryland Historical Trust

Wrought iron bridges in the United States
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore
Bridges in Baltimore
Road bridges in Maryland
Relocated buildings and structures in Maryland
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Iron bridges in the United States
Hermann Traube. Hermann Traube (September 24, 1860 – January 29, 1913) was a German mineralogist born in Ratibor, Silesia (presently Racibórz, Poland). He was the son of chemist Moritz Traube (1826–1894).

He studied at the Universities of Leipzig, Heidelberg, Breslau and Greifswald, earning his doctorate in 1884. At Breslau his instructors were Ferdinand Cohn (1828–1898) and Theodor Poleck (1821–1906).

In 1905 he became an associate professor at the University of Berlin, and later a professor in Greifswald. He was the author of a book on Silesian minerals called Die Minerale Schlesiens (1888). Other noted works by Traube include:
 Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Gabbros, Amphibolite und Serpentine des niederschlesischen Gebirges, 1884 – To the knowledge of gabbros, amphibolites and serpentines of the Lower Silesian mountains.
 Über den Ursprung des Materials der in Europa vorkommenden verarbeiteten Nephritobjecte, 1884.
 Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Nephelins und des Davyns, 1894 – Contributions to the knowledge of nephelines and davynes.
 Über das optische Drehungsvermögen von Körpern im krystallisirten und im flüssigen Zustande, 1895 – On the optical angle of rotation of bodies in crystallized and molten states.

References 
 "This article incorporates translated text from an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia."
 The Mineralogical Record- Library

People from the Province of Silesia
People from Racibórz
1860 births
1913 deaths
German mineralogists
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
Arthur F. Turner. Arthur F. Turner was president of the Optical Society of America in 1968. He is well known for his contributions to the field of optical thin-film coatings. He was awarded the Technical Oscar in 1959 for the Balcold projection mirror, and the Frederic Ives Medal in 1971.

See also

References

External links
 Articles Published by early OSA Presidents  Journal of the Optical Society of America

Presidents of Optica (society)
21st-century American physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American optical physicists

Fellows of Optica (society)
Federal Engineer of the Year Award. The Federal Engineer of the Year Award is an annual award sponsored by the National Society of Professional Engineers and the Professional Engineers in Government advocacy group of the NSPE. 

The 2009 Awards were the 30th annual award. The award recognizes technical excellence, publications, leadership, and community service. Each major subgroup of the federal government that employs 50 or more professional engineers selects and nominates an agency winner. From these a list of the top ten are selected and announced. The ultimate winner of the Federal Engineer of the Year is announced at a luncheon award ceremony during National Engineers Week.

See also

 List of engineering awards

References

External links
 http://www.nspe.org/InterestGroups/PEG/Resources/AwardsAndScholarships/feya.html

Engineering awards
American science and technology awards
David B. Ashley. David Brian Ashley (born January 5, 1951) was the eighth president of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He was appointed to the position on July 1, 2006 and relieved of his duties by the Board of Regents on July 10, 2009.

Ashley attended MIT, becoming a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity, and graduated in 1973. His bachelor's degree and master's degree, also of MIT, are both in civil engineering; he has a second master's degree and a doctorate from Stanford University. He served as the founding executive vice chancellor and provost at the University of California, Merced starting in 2001 and was the dean of the College of Engineering at the Ohio State University.

Ashley's professional experiences as a civil engineer and as an expert in construction management include work on major projects around the globe. He has been called upon to work on the expansion of the Panama Canal and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.

In 2000, Ashley received an honorary doctorate from the Chalmers University in Sweden for his academic contributions.

On July 10, 2009, Ashley was relieved of his duties as President of UNLV by the Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education, effective immediately. Executive Vice President and Provost Neal Smatresk immediately became the Acting President of UNLV. Ashley retains his  position as a tenured professor of Civil Engineering. He will continue to receive his presidential salary of $242,424 until his contract expires.

References

External links
 UNLV President's site

1951 births
Living people
Ohio State University faculty
Presidents of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Stanford University alumni
Caterpillar D5. The Caterpillar D5 is a small track-type bulldozer manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. The original D5 series was only produced in 1939.  The current D5 series being produced is the D5K.

Versions 
 D5 (9M) was originally built in 1939, with only 46 built. It was a cross between the D4 chassis and the 6-cylinder D6  D4600 engine.
 D5 - reintroduced in 1967.
 D5B - 1977
 D5 SA - Special Application agricultural tractor
 D5H, an elevated sprocket model introduced in 1985.
 D5H LGP - Low ground pressure version with wide & long tracks, for soft ground
 D5E 1993-1999
 D5H larger version D5 elevated sprocket 1986-1996
 D5M larger version D5 elevated "high" sprocket 1996-2003
 D5N larger version elevated sprocket 2003-2006
 D5N was replaced with the D6K low drive hystat dozer, becoming the D4 in 2021
 D5 D5LGP (current version) released in 2019, as a replacement for the D6N. High drive power shift dozer.
 The following models originated with the MHI (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) partnership, providing smaller, low drive dozers, in the 20,000 lb range.
 D5C 1992-2002 low drive power shift, then hystat dozer
 D5G hydrostatic drive 2001
 D5K and D5K2 — 2020
 D3 (current version) replaced the D5K2, 2020
Over the years, Caterpillar often built different series of D5s at the same time, often with a lighter version having more in common with the smaller D3 and D4 tractors, and a larger version more akin to the much larger D6. Usually, the differentiation had to do with whether the machine incorporated an elevated or high sprocket drive. And later, this also determined the type of transmission used, with the smaller series using a hydrostatic drive and the larger version typically having a Power-Shift transmission. These varying series have created some confusion with lineage, as the letter designation does not always correspond to when the model of machine was introduced. For example, the D5H came out years before the D5C. Caterpillar has now turned to a straight number designation (no letters) for all of its new track-laying tractors — starting, for the first time, with the D-1 and going all the way up to the D-11, with consistent size and weight breaks between each model. This new designation has now put the current D5's weight at close to . This is a considerable increase over any previous D5 models. The heavier, elevated versions of these could weigh . At most, or as little as . For some of the lighter series, such as the D5C. Consequently, the all-new D5 is much larger than any of the earlier versions.

D5K Specifications

Engine
Gross Power: 74.5 kW (100 hp)
Net Power: 71.6 kW (96 hp)
Bore: 
 Weight: , approx.

Weights
XL Operating weight: 9408 kg (20,741 lb)
LGP Operating weight: 9683 kg (21,347 lb)

See also
 Heavy equipment
 Caterpillar D6
 Caterpillar D4

References

D05
D05
Bulldozers
SS Ocean Vigour. SS Ocean Vigour was a British Ocean class freighter, which served on various convoys during World War II, and then as a troopship before being used to deport illegal Jewish immigrants who attempted to enter Mandate Palestine to internment camps in Cyprus. She took part in the return of immigrants from the  back to Europe, before being sold into commercial service. She was scrapped in 1967.

Ship history
She was built at Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard in Richmond, California, one of 30 ships.

World War II
Ocean Vigour was built at Permanente Metals Richmond shipyard No.1 in Richmond, California, one of 60 ships of this class constructed for the British Ministry of War Transport,  and launched on 14 February 1942.

Operated by the E. R. Management Company of Liverpool on behalf of the Ministry of War Transport, Ocean Vigour was employed on convoys across the Atlantic and into the Mediterranean in 1942-1943, and between June and August 1944 she is recorded on sailing on seven convoys between the English port of Southend and the Baie de la Seine on the northern coast of France.

Post-war activities
Under the designation HMT Ocean Vigour the ship was operating the eastern Mediterranean, employed in transporting illegal Jewish immigrants to detention camps in Cyprus. On 2 April 1947, a sabotage unit of the Palyam detonated a bomb aboard while she was moored at Famagusta, Cyprus.

On 18 July 1947 the  was captured by a squadron of British naval ships and escorted into Haifa. The 4,515 immigrants were transferred into three British ships, Runnymede Park, Empire Rival and Ocean Vigour, which sailed for Port-de-Bouc, France. However most of the immigrants refused to leave the ship, and eventually they sailed for Hamburg, Germany, where on 8 September, the 1,464 immigrants aboard Ocean Vigour were forcibly disembarked by military police and soldiers equipped with truncheons and tear gas, and taken to internment camps in Lübeck.

After Israeli Independence in 1948, the Ocean Vigour was tasked with deporting Irgun and Lehi members who had been interned in African prison camps, in Britain's African colonies. On 9 July 1948, the Ocean Vigour set sail for Israel with 262 detainees aboard, and arrived in Israel three days later.

Later career
In 1948 the ship was sold to the British Steam Shipping Company, and managed by J. Cory & Sons of Cardiff, under the name Ramillies. She was sold to the Orders & Handford Steamship Company in 1954, but remained under Cory's management until sold again in 1955 to the Buchanan Shipping Company and renamed Galavale, managed by Andrew Crawford Ltd. of Glasgow. Finally in 1957 the ship was sold to the Italian company Corrado Società Anonima di Navigazione of Genoa, who operated her  under the name Confidenza until 1967, when she was scrapped in La Spezia.

References

External links
 
 

1942 ships
Ships built in Richmond, California
Ministry of War Transport ships
Ship bombings
Maritime incidents in 1947
Mandatory Palestine
Vought XS2U. The Vought XS2U was a design for an all-weather, carrier-based anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. A twin-engine, twin-tailed, mid-wing, propeller-driven design with tricycle landing gear, it lost to the Grumman S2F Tracker in the United States Navy competition, and the two prototypes were not completed.

Design and development

Chance Vought Aircraft began work on 25 January 1950 on a U.S. Navy proposal for an all-weather anti-submarine warfare design. The company constructed a full-scale mock-up of the XS2U-1 and received a contract-of-intent for two XS2U-1 prototypes, BuNos 133780 and 133781, which were not completed before development was abandoned.

Three-blade propellers similar to those used on the S2F were installed on the mock-up, which had a two-wheel nosegear, and single-tire main gear that would retract into the engine nacelles. The twin-tail fins were canted inward, 90 degrees from the tailplane dihedral.

Construction was begun on the fuselages and wings, but technical difficulties arose over how to fold the wings for carrier stowage. A complicated double-fold of each wing outboard of the radial engine was required. The contract was canceled and neither airframe was completed, the Navy electing to acquire the S2F Tracker instead.

The S2U was also proposed for the carrier-borne AEW role as the S2U-1W, later changed to WU-1. A bulged radome was astride the center fuselage, and the forward fuselage/cockpit design bore a passing resemblance to the later Grumman Mohawk.

Variants
XS2U-1
Designation for the two prototype aircraft ordered but not completed.
S2U-1
Proposed anti-submarine warfare version, as originally proposed.
S2U-1W
Proposed Airborne Early Warning version of the S2U-1 with large radome over the centre section, similar to the Grumman WF which was purchased by the US Navy for the carrier-borne AEW role.
WU-1
The S2U-1W re-designated into the W-Warning category.

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

S02U
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
AEW aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
1950s United States anti-submarine aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Twin-tail aircraft
List of equipment of the Egyptian Army. The following list outlines the major equipment in service with the Egyptian Army.

Individual equipment

Infantry weapons

Small arms

Anti-tank and missile

Recoilless rifles

Anti-tank systems

Man-portable air defence

Mortars

Training mortars

Vehicles

Infantry fighting vehicles (690+)

Armoured vehicles (6,181+)

Artillery

Self-propelled artillery (1,272+)

Towed artillery (962)

Multiple launch rocket system (450+)

Self-propelled mortar (151)

Engineering, logistic and utility vehicles

Engineering vehicles 

 PZM-2 Ditcher (36)

Amphibious bridging 
 BMK-T Bridging Boats (48)
 BMK-130M Bridging Boats (48)
 BMK-150M Bridging Boats (48)

Utility vehicles

Logistic vehicles

Missile and air defence systems

Surface-to-surface missile

Air defence

Other equipment 
 BK-3 Helmet
 Czechoslovakian M53 helmet
 OR-201
 SSh-68
 Airman Battle Uniform
 Desert Camouflage Uniform
 Desert Battle Dress Uniform
 MultiCam
 OG-107
 U.S. Woodland
 Lizard (camouflage)
 Ratnik (program)

Gallery

References

Notes

Bibliography 
 
 

Military equipment of Egypt
Egyptian Army
Equipment
BACPAC. BACPAC, or the Berkeley Advanced Chip Performance Calculator, is a software program to explore the effect of changes in IC technology.  The use enters a set of fairly fundamental properties of the technology (such as interconnect layer thickness, and logic depth) and the program estimates the system level performance of an IC built with these assumptions.  Previous work in this area can be found in  and, but these do not consider many of the effects of deep-sub-micrometre interconnect.  BACPAC is based on the work in.

BACPAC uses analytical approximations for system properties such as delay and interconnect requirements.  The intent is not absolute accuracy for a given design, but to show trends and effects of technology changes.

Inputs to BACPAC
Interconnect
Number of routing layers
Pitches (center to center distance of each layer)
Resistivity of the wires
Dielectric constant of the insulators between the layers
Device
Vdd, also called supply voltage
Vt, also called threshold voltage
Gate oxide thickness of the MOS transistors
Drain current
Fan-in (number of inputs for each gate, on the average)
System-level
Block design size (number of gates in each block)
Silicon efficiency (depends on design style - custom, ASIC, gate array, and so on)
logic depth  (number of gates between state elements)
Rent's exponent (how the number of connections varies with block size - see Rent's rule.)

BACPAC outputs
Delay analysis
Chip area
Maximum clock frequency - how fast the chip can run
Optimized device sizes  - estimated devices sizes to make it run this fast
Interconnect RC
Average wirelength (local & global)
Ratio of wire delay to gate delay
Noise analysis
Clock frequency with noise
Newly optimized device sizes for the clock distribution network
Ratio of wire delay to gate delay
Wirability analysis
Wiring capacity
Wiring requirements (global & local),
Wiring needs for clock distribution
Wiring needs for the power distribution network 
Power analysis
Total power consumption, divided into sub-categories:
Clock         (power needed to distribute the clock across the chip)
I/O           (power needed to get needed signals on and off the chip)
memory        (power needed to retain and access data in the internal memories)
global wiring (power dissipated in the global wiring)
logic         (power dissipated in the logic gates themselves)
short-circuit (power wasted inside the gates from pull-up and pull down transistors fighting each other during switching)
leakage       (power that flows through the gate even when it is not switching)
Yield analysis
Projected yields for excellent, average, and poor process control using a negative binomial yield mode

References

External links
 Main BACPAC web site

Electronic design automation software
Cincinnati Milling Machine Company. The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company was an American machine tool builder headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio. Incorporated in 1889, the company was formed for the purpose of building and promoting innovative new machine tool designs, especially milling machines.  The principals in forming the company were Frederick A. Geier and Fred Holz. It was formed from the Cincinnati Screw and Tap Co., a partnership of George Mueller and Fred Holz, that became more successful building machine tools.

From the 1890s through the 1960s, the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company was one of the biggest builders of milling machines.  The company became the US's largest machine tool builder by 1926. It also built various other classes of machines, such as planers and grinding machines. In 1970, it was reincorporated as Cincinnati Milacron Inc. and later as Milacron Inc. The machine tool business line was later sold to Unova, and portions operated as Cincinnati Machine Company. An Indian subsidiary, Cincinnati Milacron Ltd, is now called Ferromatik Milacron India Pvt Ltd.

See also
Foundry Products Operations

References

Bibliography

External links
 Frederick Geier and the Cincinnati Mill
 "The Key to Rearmament". Time. November 5, 1951. quoting Frederick V. Geier
 Uniloy/Milacron
 Union Terminal Mosaics

Manufacturing companies established in 1889
History of Cincinnati
Machine tool builders
Manufacturing companies based in Cincinnati
1889 establishments in Ohio
Defunct companies based in Cincinnati