omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lemberger LD20b. The Lemberger LD20b was a single-engine cantilever biplane designed to be easily towable behind a car.  Built in Germany in 1971, it made several flights but did not enter production.

Design and development

One of the main reasons for the popularity of the biplane in the early days of aviation was the wing strength provided by this arrangement.  The two wings, without interplane struts and flying wires form a strong structure.  Thus cantilever biplane wings are quite rare, though they do provide extra wing area for a given span and for the easy separation of wings from each other and from the fuselage.  The Lemberger LD20b was one of this kind, designed with readily detachable wings and tailplane so that it could be towed by a car.  Whilst towing, the wings were stowed alongside the fuselage.  The tailskid was linked to the car via a luggage rack-like frame.

The upper and lower wings of the LD20b were very similar, with the same span, area and straight, near-constant chord, plan.  The lower wings were attached to the lower fuselage longerons and the upper ones to cabine struts above the front of the cabin.  They were arranged with considerable stagger.  The wings were built around two closely spaced spars, with plywood skin from the rear spar forward forming a torsion box and fabric covering behind. Differential ailerons were mounted only on the lower wings.

The wooden, rectangular fuselage is plywood-covered to just behind the pilot's seat and fabric-covered further aft apart from a curved plywood decking behind the cabin.  The fin was integral with the fuselage and unusually shallow with the variable incidence tailplane mounted on top of it, a little above the fuselage and bearing damped elevators.  The balanced rudder was much taller than the fin.  The enclosed cabin seated two in tandem with the front seat under the upper wing and over the centre of gravity. Dual control was fitted. In front, a Walter 60 hp  Mikron inverted 4-cylinder engine drove a two-bladed propeller.

Operational history
The LD20b was completed in 1971. Its first flights were made from EDSZ Rottweil-Zepfenhahn,(Germany), piloted by a Me 109 pilot. The next flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, piloted by Arnold Wagner, an airline pilot, the Swiss aerobatic champion and designer of the Hirth Acrostar.

After its presentation at Friedrichshafen, Leonhard Kurt Kienlein took over ownership, which he retains, and the task of making the structural changes in order to make sure the plane did reach stable flight characteristics. He also maintained the aircraft. An enclosed, all-weather trailer was built to house the LD20. The last flight after a total of 368 hours was in 1998.

Later, Lemberger abandoned plans to build a high-wing monoplane of his own design after failing to find suitable construction space.

Specifications

References

1970s German sport aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1971
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Thad Vreeland Jr.. Thad Vreeland Jr. (October 20, 1924 – August 9, 2010) was an American materials scientist.  He was Professor of Materials Science at the California Institute of Technology.

Career
Vreeland's career at Caltech began with his B.S., earned in 1949 and his Ph.D. in 1952.  He served as Professor of Mechanical Engineering and then Professor of Materials Science from 1954 to 1991, and afterward Professor Emeritus.

Vreeland's work on the mechanics of plastic deformation in solids and especially on dislocation behavior during the 1950s and through 1960s and 1970s was widely cited. He collaborated with his colleagues at Caltech, including David Wood. He was active in the study of shock wave consolidation in powdered metals and developing methods for the measurement of strain in multilayer semiconductors using x-rays in the 1980s.

Partial list of accomplishments 
 Served as Corporal in the 89th Chemical Mortar Battalion in World War II
 Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral degrees from Caltech, 1946-1952
 Wrote numerous journal articles in materials science
 Co-authored "The Analysis of Stress and Deformation" with George W. Housner.

References

External links 
  Interview with David S. Wood
 History of the 89th Chemical Mortar Battalion
 Prof. Thad Vreeland, Jr.
 The Analysis of Stress and Deformation
 Mobility of Dislocations in Aluminum
 A theory for the shock-wave consolidation of powders
 Caltech Oral Histories - Interview with David S. Wood
 X‐ray rocking curve analysis of superlattices
 X‐ray diffraction characterization of multilayer semiconductor structures
 Strain measurement in heteroepitaxial layers—Silicon on sapphire

California Institute of Technology faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
1924 births
2010 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army non-commissioned officers
Rutenberg Power Station. The Rutenberg Power Station is a coal-fired power plant situated on the Mediterranean coast in Ashkelon, Israel.

Description
The Rutenberg power station, named for Pinhas Rutenberg, is owned and operated by the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC). Rutenberg is the newest thermal power station in Israel and the second largest in terms of generation capacity. It accounts for about 15 percent of the IEC's total capacity. The power station is situated close to the sea since its cooling system uses sea water.

Technical data
The power station has a total installed capacity of 2,250 MW. It is arranged in two blocks, each containing two power generating units.  Two 550 MW boilers were supplied by Combustion Engineering (ABB) and two 575 MW boilers were supplied by Babcock & Wilcox. Turbines and generators were supplied by GEC-Alstom and ABB.

The power station consumes 18,240 tonnes of coal per day, and 330 tonnes of cooling water per hour.

Pollution control
Block B was constructed with a scrubber (for FGD), while additional pollution control devices were being fitted to the block in 2020. Block A was not originally constructed with an FGD scrubber but one was later retrofitted to it (which also necessitated the construction of a new flue stack). It along with other pollution control devices (including an SCR system for  reduction) became operational in December 2018.

History
Construction began in the early 1980s, after completion of the first phase of the Orot Rabin power station near Hadera. Phase A became operational in 1990. Phase B was finished in 2000. Coal was transported to the station by freight trains from the Port of Ashdod until an on-site deepwater coal pier was completed in 2000. On 7 October 2023, the power plant was attacked by rockets, presumably by Hamas.

Incidents
On May 8th, 1998, nine workers were killed during construction work on the chimney of Unit B. Five others were rescued by a helicopter of the Special Rescue Tactical Unit (669) of the Israeli Air Force.

On March 13th, 2023, a crane on the pier collapsed as a result of strong winds. One person was hurt and two were killed. Their corpses were found several days later. As a result, it was impossible to supply the power plant by ship and it was necessary to deliver coal to the plant by truck, requiring 170 truck journeys per day.

On May 21st, 2024, a worker received an electric shock and died five days later.

Cancelled expansion
Phase D expansion consisting of additional coal units at the site was approved in 2008. However, several subsequent objections and the greatly increased availability of domestically-produced natural gas in Israel as an alternative to imported coal starting in the early 2010s led to the plan's cancellation. As a result, 60 dunams of land originally reserved for phase D expansion at the site will be returned by the IEC to the State of Israel in 2020. If built, Phase D would have increased plant generation capacity by an additional 1,250 MW.

References 

Coal-fired power stations in Israel
Buildings and structures in Ashkelon
1990 establishments in Israel
Stringbike. A string-driven bicycle or stringbike is a bicycle that uses an external chainless rope and pulley drive system instead of a traditional bicycle chain and sprockets. The mechanism was commercialized by Hungarian Stringbike Kft which presented models in 2010 with a 19-speed system with no duplicate gears and having a 350% gear range.

Design 

The mechanism has a rocker arm on each side of the bike that replaces the round sprockets (which are usually only on the right side) on chain driven bikes. In contrast to traditional derailleur chain drives, the drive does not slip when changing gears, and the gearing can be changed even when the bicycle is almost stationary. (similarly to a hub gear), but also "at full throttle." Two Dyneema ropes (ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, UHMWPE) attached to pulleys attached to swinging lever and cam mechanisms have been used, one on each side of the bike.

History 
In the 1990s, string-driven bicycles were developed by Mihály Lantos and others.

In the 2010s, the concept was commercialized by Hungarian Schwinn Csepel Zrt. and Stringbike Kft. Patents were filed by Stringdrive Technologies Kft for Robert Kohlheb and Mihaly Lantos in 2010 alternating drive elements for bikes (8602433 and 20110266768), and in 2011 on flexible pulley-drives for bikes (9162525).

In 2010, the world's first commercial string-driven bicycle was presented in Padova, Italy by the manufacturing company Stringbike Kft. The company has produced and sold stringbikes with aluminium frames and carbon frames under the brand Stringbike.

In 2012 it was announced that the Hungarian rider Ferenc Szőnyi would use the model Stringbike E line RAAM with a carbon frame in Race Across America, where he placed 14th overall.

References

External links
 Website (archived)

Cycle types
E. S. Dwarakadasa. E.S. Dwarakadasa was formerly professor in the Department of Metallurgy at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and is currently the CEO & MD, Karnataka Hybrid Micro Devices Ltd. He was elected in 1998 to the Indian National Academy of Engineering.

Selected awards and recognition
 1990 Metallurgist of the year, IISc
 1997 Zinc Gold Medal, Indian Institute of Metals
 1998 Fellowship of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
 1998 Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials
 1995-97 President of IISc Alumni Association

References

External links 
  Profile at Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE)

Living people
Indian materials scientists
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
JSW Energy. JSW Energy Limited is an Indian power company engaged in power generation, transmission and trading. It is part of JSW Group.

Operations

Power plants
 JSW Vijayanagar Power Station, Toranagallu village in Bellary district, Karnataka. It is a 1460 MW (2x130,4x300 MW) plant.
 JSW Ratnagiri Power Station, Nandiwade village near Jaigad in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. It is a 1200 MW (4x300 MW) plant.
 JSW Barmer Power Station, Bhadresh village in Barmer district, Rajasthan. It is a 1080 MW (8x135 MW) plant.
Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh. It is a 1,091 MW hydropower plant commissioned in 2011, acquired in 2015
 Baspa-II Hydroelectric Plant, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh. It is a 300 MW hydropower plant which was commissioned in 2003, acquired in 2015
Vijaynagar Solar Plant, Vijaynagar, Karnataka.It is a 225 MW Solar power plant which was commissioned in 2022.
In 2015, JSW Energy acquired two of Jaypee Group's hydropower plants, with a combined capacity of 1,391 MW, for 9,700 crore.

References

External links
 JSW Energy

JSW Group
Electric power companies of India
Companies based in Mumbai
Energy companies established in 1994
Indian companies established in 1994
JSW Energy
1994 establishments in Maharashtra
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange
AB Addo. AB Addo (Aktiebolaget Addo) was a Swedish engineering company which manufactured office machines. The company, based in Malmö, was founded in 1918. In 1966, it was incorporated into Facit, where it remained as a subsidiary until the early 1980s. Its products consisted mainly of adding machines, calculators, accounting machines, and data processing equipment.

References

Defunct companies of Sweden
Companies based in Malmö
Manufacturing companies established in 1918
Swedish companies established in 1918
Companies disestablished in 1966
1966 disestablishments in Sweden
Bangor Railway and Electric Company. The Bangor Railway & Electric Company, founded as the Bangor Street Railway and renamed in 1924 as Bangor Hydro-Electric, operated trolleys on an electric railway between Bangor and Charleston, Maine, from 1889 to 1930. 

It began operation the year after the world's first widely successful electric trolley system debuted in Richmond, Virginia.

External links 

 Photo: Bangor Railway & Electric Co. No. 76
 Bangor Railway and Electric Company Union Spying in October to December 1912

References

Companies based in Bangor, Maine
Passenger rail transportation in Maine
Transportation in Penobscot County, Maine
Dyson–Harrop satellite. A Dyson–Harrop satellite is a hypothetical megastructure intended for power generation using the solar wind.  It is inspired by the Dyson sphere, but much harder to detect from another star system. The satellite develops a useful voltage potential by capturing positive ions against a solar sail for a net positive voltage, while draining off electrons on a long wire, and guiding flux electrons along a short wire into a charge receiver for a net negative voltage. The voltage difference between the charge receiver and the solar sail is used to power a laser or microwave transmitter for power transfer off-board the satellite.

The concept for the so-called Dyson–Harrop satellite begins with a long metal wire loop pointed at the Sun. This wire is charged to generate a cylindrical magnetic field that snags the electrons that make up half the solar wind. These electrons get funneled into a metal spherical receiver to produce a current, which generates the wire's magnetic field – making the system self-sustaining. Any current not needed for the magnetic field powers an infrared laser trained on satellite dishes back on Earth, designed to collect the energy. Earth's air does not absorb infra-red light, so the system would be highly efficient. Back on the satellite, the current has been drained of its electrical energy by the laser – the electrons fall onto a ring-shaped sail, where incoming sunlight can excite them enough to keep the satellite in orbit around the Sun.

A relatively small Dyson–Harrop satellite using a 1-centimetre-wide copper wire 300 metres long, a receiver 2 metres wide and a sail 10 metres in diameter, sitting at roughly the same distance from the Sun as the Earth, could generate 1.7 megawatts of power – enough for about 1000 family homes in the US. Larger sizes could produce far greater amounts of power, even exceeding the current usage of Earth. Satellites could be placed anywhere in the Solar System, and networks of satellites could combine to generate terawatts of power.

References

Megastructures
Hypothetical astronomical objects
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Exploratory engineering
Hypothetical technology
Energy development
Hypothetical spacecraft
Automated retail. Automated retail is the category of self-service, standalone kiosks that operate as fully automatic retail stores through the use of software integrations to replace the traditional retail services inside in a traditional retail store. These standalone kiosks are often located in heavily trafficked locations such as airports, malls, resorts and transit hubs.

Consumers often browse and select products using a touchscreen interface that operates similar to an ecommerce website, pay for purchases using a credit or debit card, and then the product is dispensed through a system other than gravity fed drop systems, often via a robotic arm inside the kiosk.

These software integrations, the consumer experience and the delivery mechanisms are what differentiate automated retail stores from vending machines.

ZoomShops and Redbox were examples of companies that pursue an automated retail business model.

See also

Automat
Automated convenience store
Automated restaurant
Automated teller machine (ATM)
Business process automation
Cashierless store
Self checkout
Types of retail outlets
Vending machine

Notes

External links

Retail processes and techniques
Self-service
South African Class E38. The Amcoal Class E38 of 1993 is a South African industrial electric locomotive.

In 1993 Amcoal, now Anglo Coal, a wholly owned subsidiary of Anglo American, placed three Class E38 electric locomotives in service at its Kromdraai Colliery near Witbank, Mpumalanga.

Manufacturer
The 3 kV DC Class E38 electric locomotive is an electric-only version of the Class 38-000 electro-diesel locomotive which was designed for Spoornet by a consortium under the leadership of Siemens. In 1992, three of these locomotives were built for Amcoal by Union Carriage & Wagon (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal.

The locomotives were delivered in 1993 and numbered E38-001 to E38-003. UCW did not allocate builder's numbers to the locomotives it built for Anglo Coal, but used the Amcoal unit numbers for their record keeping.

Spoornet’s Class 38-000
Prior to the production of the Class E38 for Amcoal Mines, UCW also built fifty Class 38-000 locomotives for Spoornet. The Class 38-000 is a dual mode electro-diesel locomotive, identical in exterior appearance and dimensions to the Class E38 but designed for 3 kV DC electric as well as diesel-electric operation and equipped with a  Caterpillar DITA 3508 diesel prime mover.

Service
The three Class E38s now serve at the Landau Colliery near Witbank.

References

External links

Bo-Bo locomotives
Cape gauge railway locomotives
3250
Railway locomotives introduced in 1993
Union Carriage & Wagon locomotives
1993 in South Africa
Supply-side platform. A supply-side platform (SSP) or sell-side platform is a technology platform to enable web publishers and digital out-of-home (DOOH) media owners to manage their advertising inventory, fill it with ads, and receive revenue. Many of the larger web publishers of the world use a supply-side platform to automate and optimize the selling of their online media space.

A supply-side platform interfaces on the publisher side to advertising networks and exchanges, which in turn interface to demand-side platforms (DSP) on the advertiser side.

This system allows advertisers to put online advertising and DOOH advertising before a selected target audience. SSPs send potential impressions into ad exchanges, where DSPs purchase them on marketers' behalf, depending on specific targeting attributes and audience data. By offering impressions to as many potential buyers as possible publishers can maximize the revenue. Therefore, SSPs are sometimes referred to as yield-optimization platforms.

Often, real-time bidding (RTB) is used to complete DSP transactions.

Unlike advertising networks that target buyers (advertisers), supply-side platforms provide services for publishers (website, app, and DOOH owners). Supply-side platforms are often integrated into the structure of advertising and ad serving companies, as well as ad exchanges that work with both publishers (supply side) and advertisers (demand side).

Flowchart

Examples 
Equativ
OpenX
Lemma
Pubmatic
Magnite
Smaato
SpotX
Verizon Media
Xandr (formerly AppNexus)
Google Ad Manager
Media.net

See also
 Ad exchange
 Demand-side platform

References

Online advertising
Atlantic Strike. Atlantic Strike was a periodic series of combined, joint exercises conducted in the early 2000s under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force's Air Combat Command and, until its disestablishment, U.S. Joint Forces Command's Joint Fires Integration and Interoperability Team. The exercise series focused on close air support (CAS) functions where ground controllers direct air strikes on moving and stationary ground targets.

The exercise was primarily conducted on the Avon Park Air Force Range in central Florida. The 2010 exercise was conducted in September and included aircraft and ground teams from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marine Corps as well as soldiers from Canada and Slovenia. Actual and simulated air strikes by B-52 and B-1 bomber, A-10 close air support attack, F-16 fighter, and carrier-based and shore-based F/A-18 strike fighter aircraft, as well as attack helicopters controlled by both ground-based JTACs (Joint Terminal Attack Controllers) and E-8 Joint STARS aircraft were conducted. 

The 2011 exercise was also conducted at Avon Park Air Force Range, in September, with Danish coalition forces, Air Force JTACs and U.S. Marine Corps elements.

References

United States Air Force exercises
GWR 119 Class (tank engine). The  119 Class of the Great Western Railway consisted of a series of 11  locomotives. They were numbered 119-21 and 123-30 and had originally been built in 1861 at Swindon Works as tender engines to a design of Daniel Gooch, part of the 79 Class. Their rebuilding as tank engines was the result of being renewed at Wolverhampton railway works under the tenure of George Armstrong between 1878 and 1883.

Variations
Three were turned out with condensing gear. All continued as tank engines until their withdrawal except for No. 122, which remained a tender engine.

Use
The 119 Class started work in the Northern Division but most of them migrated south, and most of their subsequent rebuildings were done at Swindon. Eventually most were moved to South Wales.

Rebuilding
From 1913 they became pannier tanks with Belpaire boilers fitted to them, as were nearly all other GWR saddle tanks. Most were scrapped by 1928, with No. 120 remaining at Oswestry until 1933.

References

0119
0-6-0ST locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1861
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Rebuilt locomotives 
Freight locomotives
Geometry Expert. Geometry Expert (GEX) is a Chinese software package for dynamic diagram drawing and automated geometry theorem proving and discovering. 

There's a new Chinese version of Geometry Expert, called MMP/Geometer.

Java Geometry Expert is free under GNU General Public License.

External links
 GEX Official website
 Java GEX (old, new) on Wichita State University
 Java GEX Documentation on Wichita State University

Theorem proving software systems
Automated theorem proving
Interactive geometry software
National Waterway 6. National Waterways 6 is a waterway between Lakhipur and Bhanga of the Barak River.

NW 6
 Inland Waterways Authority of India started this project in  direct control of prime minister  narendra modi and now  is directed by sanjeev kumar

References

External links
 [https://web.archive.org/web/201505
23013735/http://iwai.gov.in/ Official website]

Waterways in India
Transport in Assam
Proposed transport infrastructure in India