omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sendai Subway 3000 series. The  is a Japanese rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Sendai City Transportation Bureau for use on the Namboku Line in Sendai, Japan. Twenty-two sets are scheduled to be built by fiscal 2030 to replace the existing fleet of twenty-one 1000N series sets.

Design 
The 3000 series trains have aluminium alloy bodies. Like the preceding 1000N series trains, the new trains have L-shaped front ends and oval-shaped passenger door windows. Additionally, the height between the platform and the train has been reduced from the  of the 1000N series to .

Formations 
The 3000 series sets are formed as shown below:

Interior 
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout, with each car having a wheelchair space. LCD passenger information screens are provided above the doorways.

History 
Details of the 3000 series on order were first officially announced in January 2020. The selected design of the 3000 series trains was announced on 18 May 2021 after a public vote that took place in March of the same year. The first set was delivered to Tomizawa Depot in September 2023. Daytime test-running commenced on 14 February 2024. 

On 16 October 2024, the Sendai City Transportation Bureau and Hitachi announced that the 3000 series received the 2024 Good Design Award.

The train type entered revenue service on 24 October 2024.

References

External links 

Official vehicle information (in Japanese)

Electric multiple units of Japan
Sendai Subway Namboku Line
Train-related introductions in 2024
Hitachi multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Azure spar. Azure spar, sometimes azur-spar, is a trivial and commercial, partly obsolete name for several of the most famous bright blue or blue-colored minerals, which also have similar names, most notably for lazurite and azurite, and also for the less commonly used lazulite.

In addition, Robert Jameson in his fundamental works of 1804-1821 also included hauyne as a separate mineral species and the so-called “calaite”, which in the 1820s meant only turquoise, among the azure feldspars.

All of the listed minerals are known primarily as ornamental stones, and have historically been used as painting pigments and dyes for various purposes. More than others, lazurite or lapis lazuli has historically had a decorative use, classified by A. Fersman and M. Bauer as a first-order semi-precious ornamental stone. Haüyne is valued significantly higher than lapis lazuli, but it is rarely found in jewelry quality suitable for cutting. Azurite or copper azure is much less often used as an ornamental stone due to its fragility and chemical instability, but this mineral has been known since ancient times as a pigment for blue tempera paint, mainly in icon painting. Finally, lazulite is sometimes used not only as an ornamental stone, but also for jewelry cutting, although finds of high-quality raw materials are too rare for its mass use. As for turquoise, it has been one of the most popular ornamental and semi-precious stones since ancient times.

Main minerals 
 Lazurite or lapis lazuli is an opaque mineral, sodium aluminosilicate sulfate with the ideal formula Na[(AlSiO4)SO4], having a color from blue to bluish- or greenish-gray, was previously widely known as azure spar.
 Haüyne or prismatic azure spar is a transparent or translucent mineral, similar to lazurite, in composition sodium and calcium aluminosilicate with the ideal formula (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6(O,S)24(SO4,Cl)1-2 having a blue or blue color, sometimes with a greenish tint, was also known among the azure spars.
 Azurite or copper azure is an opaque or slightly translucent mineral, copper bicarbonate in composition with the ideal formula Cu3(СО3)2(ОН)2, having a bright blue color, one of the most common secondary minerals containing copper, also known as azure spar.
 Lazulite or azure spar is a transparent or translucent mineral, in composition a hydrous phosphate of iron, magnesium and aluminum with the ideal formula (Mg,Fe2+)Al2(OH,PO4)2, having a beautiful sky-blue, light blue or bluish color, known as azure spar.
 Turquoise or kalaite is a widely known opaque mineral, which is a hydrated phosphate of aluminum and copper with the ideal formula CuAl6[PO4]4(OH)8·5H2O, and is also included among the azure feldspars.

Azure Spars Gallery

See also 
 Feldspars
 Satin Spar
 Blue pigments
 Hauyne
 Ultramarine
 Azurite

References 

Set index articles on minerals
Pigments
Carbonate minerals
Sulfate minerals
Phosphate minerals
Silicate minerals
Sodium minerals
Aluminium minerals
Copper minerals
Iron minerals
Magnesium minerals
Mining terminology
Mineral groups
Julia Sutcliffe. Julia Sutcliffe is a British engineer who is an Honorary Professor and the Chief Scientific Advisor for the Department for Business and Trade. She previously served as a Chief Technology Officer at BAE Systems, where she was responsible for artificial intelligence, augmented reality and quantum technologies. She is a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Early life and education 
Sutcliffe was born in Manchester in the 1960s. She grew up watching Tomorrow's World and reading educational books on animals. Her parents and grandparents took her to various engineering sites as a child, including the Humber Bridge, Harrier jump jet and Jodrell Bank Observatory. She attended an all girls grammar school in York, and studied physics, chemistry and mathematics at A-Level. She studied physics for her undergraduate degree. She earned a doctorate in physics at the University of Nottingham, where she performed quantum studies on molecules. After her doctorate, Sutcliffe travelled around Asia, visiting Nepal, Pakistan and Thailand.

Research and career 
Sutcliffe joined BAE Systems in 1996. Over the course of a twenty-six year career, she held various roles, including leading engineering for avionics and mission systems design authority. She worked at the field robotics centre at the University of Sydney, and developed collaborations across Australia. In 2010, she returned to the United Kingdom, where she was responsible for design of the mission systems. She was made responsible for Engineering for Training Services in 2014, where she developed real and virtual training environments for pilots and maintenance engineers. In 2019 Sutcliffe was appointed Chief Technology Officer for the Air Sector at BAE Systems.

In 2021, Sutcliffe was made an Honorary Professor at the University of Manchester. That year she was made a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Sutcliffe was appointed Chief Scientific Adviser to the Department for Business and Trade in 2023. She works across various government departments to resolve cross-cutting challenges and accelerate impact.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Engineers from Manchester
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
20th-century English women engineers
21st-century English women engineers
BAE Systems people
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Donald Spiers. Sir Donald Maurice Spiers,  Hon FRAeS (born 27 January 1934) is a British retired aeronautical engineer and administrator. He held a variety of posts in the Ministry of Defence (MOD) and, after leaving the public sector, in private aviation companies. His roles included Controller Aircraft at the MOD and President of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

Early life
Born in Wimbledon, south west London, Spiers was educated at Raynes Park County Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read Mechanical Sciences.

Career
After graduating, he served an apprenticeship with the de Havilland Engine Company. In 1960 he joined the Air Ministry, (from 1964 a part of the Ministry of Defence), as a civil service senior scientific officer. Here he worked on operational research, including service in Radfan in Arabia and scientific evaluation trials of the new Hawker Kestrel in 1965.

From 1967 to 1970 he was Scientific Adviser to the Far East Air Force, based in Singapore. Returning to England, he held a number of posts, including senior involvement in the projects for the Hawk, Jaguar and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft programmes. He served as Deputy Controller Aircraft (1984–86), and then Controller Aircraft (1989–94), responsible for the procurement of all aerospace materiel for UK Armed Forces.

Spiers retired from the civil service in 1994, after which he was president of the Royal Aeronautical Society (1995–96). Between 1998 and 2010 he served on the boards of a number of aviation companies, including Meggitt plc; Messier-Dowty International; TAG Aviation (UK); General Dynamics UK and  AgustaWestland International. He was chairman of the Farnborough Aerospace Consortium (2003–20) and president of the Popular Flying Association (1997–2000). Spiers became a trustee of the Farnborough Air Sciences Trust museum in 2015.

Military service
After National Service in the Royal Engineers, during which he was posted to Egypt with the 16th Parachute Brigade, Spiers served in the Territorial Army, joining in 1954. He attained the rank of acting major and in 1966 received the Territorial Decoration for 12 years service.

Awards and honours
Spiers was awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1966, was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1987 and knighted in 1993. In 1989 he was awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal.

References

1934 births
Living people
People educated at Raynes Park County Grammar School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People from Wimbledon, London
People from Camberley
Civil servants from London
Royal Engineers officers
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
British aerospace engineers
333 Squadron PN. The 333 Squadron also known by its nickname the Seagulls is a helicopter squadron of the Pakistan Naval Air Arm which operates Aérospatiale Alouette III helicopters stationed at PNS Mehran. With its helicopters deployed aboard various ships of the Pakistan Navy, the squadron is assigned with anti-submarine warfare role while also conducting secondary duties ranging from SAR to MEDEVAC.

History 
The squadron was established in 1970 when Pakistan started talks with the UK for two Whitby-class frigates for which Aérospatiale was to provide four SA-316s. While the deal for the Whitby class frigates was scrapped, Pakistan still went ahead with the acquisition of SA-319s for which 4 pilots were sent to France for training on the chopper. The helicopters were inducted in the Pakistan Naval Air Arm in 1977 which marked the official raising of the 333 squadron.

The squadron's fleet continued to expand with two radar fitted Alouette-IIIs inducted in 1982 and two more Ex-French SA-319Bs with upgraded flight controls and avionics inducted in 2008. The helicopters of the squadron have been modified to fire Mk. 46 light torpedoes to enable them to conduct anti-submarine warfare.

Operational history 
The squadron has took part in multiple naval operations and exercises throughout the years. In 2017, an Allouettte-III of the squadron undertook a MEDEVAC operation in which a seriously ill Pakistan Navy sailor aboard PNS Tariq was airlifted to USNS Amelia Earhart from where he was shifted to USS Makin Island for further treatment.

Exercises 

 In 2004, Allouette-III of the squadron aboard PNS Babur took part in a coalition naval exercise in the Persian Gulf. 

 2014 International Mine Countermeasures Exercise (IMCE) aboard PNS Aslat

See also 
 222 Squadron PN

References 

Aircraft squadrons of the Pakistan Navy
Military units and formations established in 1970
Cynthia Atman. Cynthia J. Atman is an American industrial engineer focusing on engineering education and human-centered design. She is Mitchell T. and Lella Blanche Bowie Endowed Chair in Human Centered Design & Engineering at the University of Washington.

Education and career
Atman majored in industrial engineering at West Virginia University, graduating in 1979. She earned a master's degree in industrial and systems engineering at Ohio State University in 1983, and completed a PhD in engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University in 1990. Her dissertation, Network Structures as a Foundation for Risk Communication: An Investigation of Structure and Format Differences, was supervised by Baruch Fischhoff.

After postdoctoral research supported by the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the United States Agency for International Development, working on engineering education in developing countries, she became an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh in 1991. After being promoted to associate professor, she moved to the University of Washington Department of Industrial Engineering in 1998, and became director of the Center for Engineering Learning & Teaching, which she continues to direct. In 2003, she was promoted to full professor and became director of the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education; she remained its director until 2010. She was given the Mitchell T. and Lella Blanche Bowie Endowed Chair in 2006, and moved from Industrial Engineering to Human-Centered Design & Engineering in 2009. From 2014 to 2018 she co-directed the Consortium to Promote Reflection in Engineering Education.

Recognition
Atman has won numerous best paper awards. She was the 2002 recipient of the Chester F. Carlson Award for Innovation in Engineering Education of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), and the 2017 recipient of the Alfred N. Goldsmith Award for Outstanding Achievement in Engineering Communication of the IEEE Professional Communication Society.

She was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2006. She is also a Fellow of the ASEE and was a distinguished speaker for the ASEE in 2024.

Book
Atman is the coauthor, with M. Granger Morgan, Baruch Fischhoff, and Ann Bostrom, of the book Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach (Cambridge University Press, 2002)

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American industrial engineers
American women engineers
Women industrial engineers
West Virginia University alumni
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
University of Washington faculty
Fellows of the American Society for Engineering Education
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fokker I. The Fokker I was a human-powered aircraft built by Dutch brothers Jan Fokker and Cor Fokker in the early 1930s. They are not related to the Dutch aviator Anthony Fokker.

Design and development
The aircraft was the project of Jan Fokker, and was built by him and an older brother, Cor Fokker. It was a parasol winged monoplane of conventional configuration. It had a metal framework which was welded by a third brother, Bertus. Other materials used were teak, aluminium, and canvas. The fuselage was streamlined and covered in canvas, with mica being used at the front to allow forward view. The wing was rectangular in planform, with it having a constant chord.  Bracing of the wing and the tail surfaces was provided by iron wire.
  
Power was transmitted to the 2-bladed tractor propeller by a chainless drive system sourced from a Belgian racing bicycle.  The undercarriage was fitted with three bicycle wheels. The aircraft featured three-axis control, with the ailerons and tail surfaces being made out of plywood. The control system could be operated by the pilot using two levers.

It was constructed in private, and took two years to complete. Prior to the aircraft being tested, in late 1930 the brothers exhibited it inside a tent, charging an entry fee for people to view the craft. The income from this allowed them to recover most of the 800 guilders spent constructing the aircraft.

Operational history
The first test flight took place on the evening of December 11, 1930, with Jan Fokker at the controls. The aircraft was towed behind an automobile, lifting off at 40 km, but then lost control and crashed into a grove of spruce trees.

The next test flight took place on April 6, 1931. With Jan Fokker again at the controls, the aircraft took off by rolling down from an elevated starting point, and landed on an adjacent beach, whereupon it became stuck in the silt.  Further testing of the aircraft was due to take place in the Summer of 1931, but it was discovered vandals had sawn through the metal framework.  The project was then abandoned.

Specifications

References 

1930s Dutch sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Human-powered aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Takshashila University, Tamilnadu. Takshashila University is a state private university established under the Tamil Nadu state private university act of 2019. It is in Ongur, Tindivanam (Villupuram district), Tamil Nadu, India. The university is a unit of the Sri Manakula Vinayagar and Mailam Group of Institutions Group of Institutions and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctorate programs across various disciplines.

References

External links 
 

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Universities in Tamil Nadu
Universities and colleges established in 2021
2021 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Kharg Petrochemical Company. Kharg Petrochemical Company (), is an Iranian petrochemical company in Kharg Island, a continental island of Iran in the Persian Gulf.

History

The Khark Petrochemical Company was established on Kharg Island in 1965, originally named the Khark Chemical Company. Its primary purpose was to recycle sour gas and various byproducts from Iranian offshore oil well gases, including propane, butane, naphtha, and sulfur. The company was founded as a 50/50 joint venture between NIOC and Amoco. An American company, J.E. Prichard, developed the initial engineering design for the operational units, while Chiyoda executed the construction and installation. Construction began in early 1967, and the facility was commissioned in 1969. Over time, the company expanded its operations to include methanol production, with its methanol plant. The construction of the methanol plant, designed by Lurgi AG, began in 1994. This factory was put into operation in 1999. The company was converted into a public company on September 11, 1996, and listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange on January 16, 1999, as "PKHA1".

Products
The Kharg Petrochemical produces sulfur, propane, butane, pentane, and methanol by purifying sour gases extracted from the Iranian offshore oil wells.

Sanctions
In 2022, the United States Treasury Department sanctioned Kharg, Marun, and Fanavaran petrochemical company in order to target the export of Iranian prochemical products.

See also 
Kharg Island
National Iranian Oil Company

Notes

Oil and gas companies of Iran
Iranian companies established in 1965
Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
FAB-50. The FAB-50 (fugasnaya aviatsionnaya bomba, фугасная авиационная бомба, ФAБ-50) is a series of unguided general purpose Soviet and Russian aerial bombs created before and during World War II. 
The FAB-50 series was widely used by the VVS during World War II. They consisted of both conventional bombs and modified artillery shells. The earliest models weighed 49.67 kg, but could weigh over 63 kg by 1943, depending on the variant. The basic FAB-50SV bomb consisted of two sections steel forged into a teardrop shape and welded together. All were armed by a single fuse (varied depending on type) matched to a propeller screw arming mechanism and were mounted via a single steel strap which made it possible to attach to almost any bomb rack available. Fuses used included the AV-1, AV-1d/u, & ADP screw driven fuses. TNT was the most commonly used high explosive charge, but some bombs used Picric acid instead. At least 25 variations of the FAB-50 were produced. On 17 September, 1942 the State Defense Committee issued decree number 2313 SS which stipulated increasing the number of completed FAB-50 bombs to 10,000 in September and 25,000 in October of that same year.

FAB-50 bombs were used in numerous quantities, and unexploded bombs are still being found in Ukraine and Russia.

Models 
This is only a partial list.

References 

Aerial bombs of the Soviet Union
Tormach. Tormach is an American machine tool builder headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. The company designs and manufactures lower cost machine tools mostly aimed at the hobbyist, educational and small manufacturing markets. The company's main products include computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment, such as cnc milling machines, cnc lathes as well as support and software such as LinuxCNC based Pathpilot used to run its CNC machines.

History

Tormach was founded in 2001 by Greg Jackson and Ed Korn in Madison, Wisconsin. The company's first product was a compact and inexpensive CNC machine called the PCNC 1100 mill which launched in 2003. In 2011 the company had released the PCNC 770 a smaller 3 axis mill aimed at home shops or small manufacturers. Aside from mills, Tormach also released different lathe models over the years including the 8L in 2020. The latest product launched by the company is the 1500MX mill which was released in 2024. Though the 1500MX is noted as being more powerful than the other machines Tormach offers.

Audience

Because Tormach has always manufactured smaller and cheaper machine tools it is well known in  Hackerspaces, schools and with hobbyist owners as a good entry level machine tool maker. It's CNC-based mills and lathes might not have the features, rigidity or speed of larger machine tool manufactures, but they have made capable CNC-based tooling more accessible.

References

External links
Official Website

Companies based in Madison, Wisconsin
Machine tool builders
Companies established in 2001