omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bayesian history matching. Bayesian history matching is a statistical method for calibrating  complex computer models. The equations inside many scientific computer models contain parameters which have a true value, but that true value is often unknown; history matching is one technique for learning what these parameters could be. 

The name originates from the oil industry, where it refers to any technique for making sure  oil reservoir models  match up with historical oil production records. Since then, history matching has been widely used in many areas of science and engineering, including  galaxy formation,  disease modelling,  climate science, and  traffic simulation.

The basis of history matching is to use observed data to rule-out any parameter settings which are ``implausible’’. Since computer models are often too slow to individually check every possible parameter setting, this is usually done with the help of an  emulator. For a set of potential parameter settings , their implausibility  can be calculated as:

where  is the expected output of the computer model for that parameter setting, and  represents the uncertainties around the computer model output for that parameter setting. In other words, a parameter setting is scored based on how different the computer model output is to the real world observations, relative to how much uncertainty there is.

For computer models that output only one value, an implausibility of 3 is considered a good threshold for rejecting parameter settings. For computer models which output more than one output, other thresholds can be used.
A key component of history matching is the notion of iterative refocussing, where new computer model simulations can be chosen to better improve the emulator and the calibration, based on preliminary results.

References 

Bayesian statistics
1915–16 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season. The 1915–16 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season was the 17th season of play for the program.

Season
The team did not have a head coach but Irving W. Young served as team manager.

Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century. By 1920 all sports programs had adopted the Engineer moniker.

Roster

Standings

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season

References

MIT Engineers men's ice hockey seasons
MIT
MIT
MIT
MIT
1916–17 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season. The 1916–17 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season was the 18th season of play for the program.

Season
The team did not have a head coach but Kenyon Roper served as team manager.

Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century. By 1920 all sports programs had adopted the Engineer moniker.

Roster

Standings

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season

References

MIT Engineers men's ice hockey seasons
MIT
MIT
MIT
MIT
William Glennie (trade unionist). William Glennie (born 1861) was a Scottish trade unionist and political activist.

Born in Glasgow, Glennie worked as an engineer.  He joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), becoming its Tyneside District Secretary, and also serving a term as president of the Newcastle Trades Council.

In 1891, Glennie stood in the election to become general secretary of the ASE, but took only 738 votes, to John Anderson's 18,102, and 17,152 for Tom Mann.   In 1895, he was elected as the union's assistant general secretary, serving until 1921, when the union became the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU).  He continued as assistant general secretary of the AEU until his retirement, in 1926.

Early in life, Glennie joined the Liberal Federation, then moved to the Social Democratic Federation, although he played little role in the party.  At the 1918 UK general election, he stood for the Labour Party in Kennington, taking 25.4% of the vote, and third place.

References

1861 births
Year of death missing
Trade unionists from Glasgow
Scottish trade unionists
Conseil des travaux. The  (Board of Construction) was formed in 1831 in the Ministry of the Navy to examine projects relating to warship construction and dockyard infrastructure. It was composed of at least 18 members throughout its existence and included senior representatives from the corps of engineers, artillery branch, and inspectors of hydraulic works.

Among its tasks was evaluating projects, plans and cost estimates for warships, preparing the instructions for building new ships, preparing the documentation for competitive proposals and tenders and evaluating new inventions submitted to the ministry. More specifically, the council considered the staff requirements submitted by the  (Superior Naval Council) to the Minister and submitted its comments to him. He would then request design studies from the  (Director of Equipment), who might invite competitive submissions, which would then be evaluated by the council. Approved designs would be returned to the Minister for his consideration and preliminary design work would begin by the  (Naval Construction Department), supervised by the .

By the 1890s the council was controlled by very traditional admirals that often clashed with more innovative ministers. It was disbanded in 1905 and its functions turned over to the new  (Technical Committee).

Citations

Bibliography

French Navy
French military staff
French Third Republic
1831 establishments in France
1905 disestablishments in France
Yawata Steel Works dam collapse. Yawata Steel Works dam collapse occurred on May 1, 1916 in Yahata, Fukuoka when the Great Dam collapsed killing hundreds and crushing thousands of homes.

Background

By 1912, 80% of Japan's pig iron production was from Yawata Steel Works. An integrated mill with coke, iron, and steel facilities, Yahata was also responsible at this time for 80-90% of Japan's steel output. Energy efficiency was greatly improved by the conversion from steam to electricity as a power source, resulting in a drop in consumption of coal per ton of steel produced from four tons in 1920 to 1.58 in 1933. Much of the iron ore was from China and Korea. To supply the energy to the Steelworks a large dam was created.

The factories covered many acres and a town sprang up nearby, Yahata, Fukuoka to supply the workers.

Dam break
On May 1, 1916, American media reported that the "Great Dam" at the Yawata Steel Works had collapsed and completely submerged a section of the manufacturing city. Initial reports stated that hundreds of people were killed and thousands made homeless.  The army was sent in to help with the recovery.

See also
Kawachi Dam finished 1927
Aburagi Dam finished 1971

Bibliography 
Notes

References 

 - Total pages: 324 

 

Dams in Fukuoka Prefecture 
Dam failures in Asia
Man-made disasters in Japan
1916 disasters in Japan
History of Fukuoka Prefecture
May 1916
1916 industrial disasters
Industrial accidents and incidents in Japan
Spiers Memorial Award. Spiers Memorial Award is presented in recognition of an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the field of a Faraday Discussion.

The award, given annually since 1929, includes £2000, a medal and a certificate, and recognizes an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the field of a Faraday Discussion.

References

External links 
 http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/SpiersMemorialAward/

Awards established in 1929
Awards of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Awards by magazines
VQ-5. Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron 5 (VQ-5) was a former squadron of the U.S. Navy that was established on 15 August 1991. During its short-lived career, it was one of two squadrons assigned in the U.S. Navy to operate the ES-3A Shadow, which was a specialised version of the S-3 Viking used for over-horizon tracking and electronic intelligence.

History

Early years 
In 1991, with the retirement of the EA-3B Skywarrior after 40 years of flying the US Navy, the Navy prepared for the delivery of their new ES-3As. Before this, VQ-5 was established on 15 August of that year at NAS Agana, Guam, receiving their first 2 S-3A Vikings for pilot and crew training on 10 November 1991. On 8 May 1992, the first ES-3A was delivered to VQ-5, with ES-3A's VQ-5 Det. A, on board the ,  becoming the first ES-3A unit to deploy on a carrier.

Detachments to carrier air wings 
Starting in 1994, VQ-5 operated in detachments were deployed to numerous carrier air wings. As part of a 7th Fleet directive that year, it assigned a two-plane permanently attached detachment (VQ-5 Detachment 5) to Carrier Air Wing 5 based in Japan with the Independence. Unlike CVW-5 which was based at NAF Atsugi, VQ-5 Det. 5 was based in NAF Misawa. During that same year, they participated in operations in the Western Pacific during the tensions in the Korean Peninsula. VQ-5 also deployed to CVW-15 on board the  during 1994 before their disestablishment in 1995.

In 1995, with the impending closure of NAS Agana in Guam, the Sea Shadows moved to NAS North Island in San Diego. During the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, VQ-5 was deployed on two carriers in the region, the USS Nimitz as well as the USS Independence. Other deployments to carriers in the following years included CVW-14 and CVW-11 on board the ,  as part of CVW-9,  with CVW-11 and CVW-14 and the  with CVW-2.

Final cruise and retirement 
In 1998, VQ-5 made their last cruise ever as Detachment C deployed with the Carl Vinson and CVW-11 during Operation Desert Fox before returning in May 1999. VQ-5 never deployed again and remained back in North Island. In June 1999, a ceremony was held for the decommissioning of the squadron although they were officially inactivated on 31 July 1999.

References 

Fleet air reconnaissance squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations established in 1991
Military units and formations disestablished in 1999
Ernest Holloway. Sir Ernest Holloway  (24 April 1887 – 27 February 1961) was a British civil engineer. As Assistant Director of Works at the Air Ministry from 1934 to 1937, Deputy Director of Works from 1937 to  1939, Director of Works from 1939 until his retirement in 1947, he oversaw a massive program of construction of airbases and facilities for the Royal Air Force and the United States Air Force. He died in 1961 at the age of 73.

Early life and war service 
Ernest Holloway was born on 24 April 1887. He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and studied engineering at  the Central Technical Institute. Between 1902 and 1906, he received technical training under T. H. Shipton, and stayed on as his assistant when he completed his training. Between 1908 and 1915, he worked for the Rural District Councils of Evesham in Worcestershire and Pebworth in Gloucestershire, where he worked on civil engineering projects, such as water supplies, sewers, bridges and roads.  He oversaw five housing schemes in Gloucestershire, which involved the construction of roads and access to utilities.

During the Great War, Holloway served with the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force (RAF), rising to the rank of major. For his service, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 New Year honours.

Civil Service career
After the war, Holloway join the Civil Service as a civil engineer in the Air Ministry, with responsibility for works in the  South Eastern District area, with an annual budget of £300,000 (equivalent to £ in ). He was promoted to Superintending Engineer, Grade 2, in 1922, and from 1925 to 1928 worked on the £5,000,000 (equivalent to £ in ) Air Ministry Home Defence Expansion programme.  Between 1928 and 1930 he was the Superintending Engineer, Grade 1, Coastal Area, responsible for construction of coastal stations, seaplane bases and training establishments.

From 1930 to 1932, Holloway was the chief engineer for the Air Defence of Great Britain. He then became the chief engineer for the RAF in the Middle East, overseeing works in Egypt, the Sudan, Yemen, Palestine and Jordan. He was Assistant Director of Works at the  Air Ministry from 1934 to 1937, overseeing a £33,000,000  (equivalent to £ in ) programme that involved the construction of 50 new RAF bases. He became Deputy Director of Works in 1937, and Director of Works in 1939. As such he oversaw the wartime construction of bases for the RAF and the United States Air Force. He retired in 1947.

Later life and legacy
For his services he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1941 New Year Honours, and promoted to  Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1944 Birthday Honours.

He died on 27 February 1961. He was survived by his wife and two daughters.

Notes 

1887 births
1961 deaths
British people of World War II
Civil servants in the Air Ministry
English civil engineers
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Choi Ki-young. Choi Ki-young (; born 1955), also known as Kiyoung Choi, is a South Korean professor of electrical engineering at Seoul National University who served as Minister of Science and ICT under President Moon Jae-in from 2019 to 2021.

After working at now-LG Electronics (then Goldstar) and Cadence Design Systems, he return to his first alma mater. He took several roles in his faculty including the director of Neural Processing Research Center and Embedded Systems Research Center.

In 2017, he became a fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

He holds three degrees in electrical engineering - a bachelor from Seoul National University, a master's from KAIST and a doctorate from Stanford University.

He has a wife who is a professor of computer software at Hanyang University, a brother a professor of physics and astronomy at Seoul National University, a sister a retired professor of Chinese studies at Yonsei University.

References 

Academic staff of Seoul National University
Seoul National University alumni
KAIST alumni
Stanford University alumni
1955 births
Living people
Electrical engineering academics
People from Seoul
South Korean electrical engineers
Science and ICT ministers of South Korea
Indium(II) selenide. Indium(II) selenide (InSe) is an inorganic compound composed of indium and selenium. It is a III-VI layered semiconductor. The solid has a structure consisting of two-dimensional layers bonded together only by van der Waals forces. Each layer has the atoms in the order Se-In-In-Se.

Potential applications are for field effect transistors, optoelectronics, photovoltaic, non-linear optics, strain gauges, and methanol gas sensors.

Formation
Indium(II) selenide can be formed via a number of different methods. A method to make the bulk solid is the Bridgman/Stockbarger method, in which the elements indium and selenium are heated to over 900 °C in a sealed capsule, and then slowly cooled over about a month. Another method is electrodeposition from a water solution of indium(I) sulfate and selenium dioxide.

Properties

There are three polytopes or crystal forms. β, ε are hexagonal with unit cells spanning two layers. γ has rhombohedral crystal system, with the unit cell including four layers.

β-Indium(II) selenide can be exfoliated into two-dimensional sheets using sticky tape. In a vacuum these form smooth layers. However, when exposed to air, the layers become corrugated because of chemisorption of air molecules. Exfoliation can also take place in isopropanol liquid.

Indium (II) selenide is stable in ambient conditions of oxygen and water vapour, unlike many other semiconductors.

Doping
The properties of indium(II) selenide can be varied by way of altering the exact ratio of elements from 1:1, creating vacancies. It is hard to get an exact equality. The properties can be compensated by transition element doping. Other elements that can be included in small concentrations are boron, silver, and cadmium.

References

Selenides
Indium compounds
1919–20 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season. The 1919–20 MIT Engineers men's ice hockey season was the 19th season of play for the program.

Season
The team did not have a head coach but Rollin Officer served as team manager.

Note: Massachusetts Institute of Technology athletics were referred to as 'Engineers' or 'Techmen' during the first two decades of the 20th century. By 1920 all sports programs had adopted the Engineer moniker.

Roster

Standings

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season

References

MIT Engineers men's ice hockey seasons
MIT
MIT
MIT
Indian locomotive class YDM-1. The Indian locomotive class YDM-1 is a class of diesel-Hydraulic  locomotive that was developed in 1954 by North British Locomotive Company (NBL) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for Metre gauge (Y), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 1st generation (1). They entered service in 1955. A total of 20 YDM-1 locomotives was built between 1954 and 1956, which made them among the first MG main-line diesels.

The YDM-1 served both passenger and freight trains for over 46 years. As of January 2020, all 20 locomotives have been withdrawn from service with 3 locomotives being preserved at various location around India.

History 
These locomotives originally called 'DY' class was imported from North British Locomotive Company (NBL) to haul goods and passenger rakes in Western Railways particularly around Gandhidham due to of scarcity of water for steam locomotives. These are among the first Metre Gauge main-line diesels locomotives of India.

The YDM-1 class locomotives are the survivors from the second batch of North British diesel locos supplied in 1955.They were homed at a specifically made Diesel shed in Gandhidham. CLW replaced the engines on these with Maybach engines around 1975. Western Railways phased these locos out in the end of the 1990s [12/99] from mainline service and As shunter in Ajmer on 15.02.2001. The loco ( numbered 6002) came at NRM from Wankaner in August 2003 after renovation at Ajmer Loco Workshop.

Specification

Preserved Examples
A total of three YDM-1 locomotives have been preserved all over India.

Former shed 

 Gandhidham (GIM): All the locomotives of this class has been withdrawn from service.

See also

Indian Railways
Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

External links

http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#YDM-1

India railway fan club

Diesel–hydraulic locomotives of India
B-B locomotives
NBL locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1955
Metre gauge locomotives
Indian locomotive class YDM-2. The Indian locomotive class YDM-2 is a class of diesel-Hydraulic  locomotive that was developed in 1986-90 by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works for Indian Railways. The model name stands for Metre gauge (Y), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 2nd generation (2). They entered service in 1986. A total of 41 YDM-2 locomotives was built between 1986 and 1990.

History
The history of YDM-2 begins in the early 1980s with the stated aim of the Indian Railways to remove steam locomotives from Indian rails after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee. Therefore, required building a large number of Meter gauge diesel locomotives. Thus Indian Railways began looking at various diesel-electric designs.
These locomotives were designed by CLW for hauling both passenger and freight traffic. They used suri transmission similar to one used in the broad gauged WDM-3. 41 of these locomotives were built and they were initially homed at Moula Ali (MLY) diesel loco shed in Southern Central Railways division (SCR). After Moula Ali line was converted to Broad gauge, these locomotives were transferred to Golden rock(GOC) shed in the Southern Railway Zone. They hauled passenger and goods trains till the late 2000s when the meter gauge lines were converted to broad gauge. All units are now withdrawn from service and all units are believed to be scrapped.

Former sheds 

 Moula Ali (MLY)
 Golden Rock (GOC)
 All the locomotives of this class have been withdrawn from service.

See also 

 IIndian locomotive class YDM-4
 Indian locomotive class WDM-3
 Locomotives of India

References

External links

Diesel–hydraulic locomotives of India
B-B locomotives
Chittaranjan Locomotive Works locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1986
Metre gauge locomotives
Takuo Aoyagi. was a Japanese engineer, known for his work leading to the modern pulse oximeter.

Early life, education and career
Aoyagi was born February 14, 1936, in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.  His parents were Monshichi and Tatsu Aoyagi. His father was a mathematics teacher and his mother was a homemaker.

Aoyagi received an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering from Niigata University in 1958.  He then worked for a time for the scientific instrumentation company Shimadzu Corporation, before moving to the research division of the medical equipment company Nihon Kohden in 1971.

Pulse oximetry

An earlier oximeter had been invented by Glen Millikan, building on work by Karl von Vierordt, Karl Matthes, and others.  Earl Wood and his PhD student J. E. Geraci made some improvements.   These early devices were inaccurate and difficult to use.  The main idea was to measure the difference in how blood absorbed red light versus infrared light.

An obstacle was that the pulse of blood created a great deal of noise.  Early devices tried to work around this by limiting measurement to the ear, and with other methods.  Shortly after starting at  Nihon Kohden in 1971, Aoyagi showed how to remove the noise from the measurement, leading to a practical and accurate measurement of oxygen in the blood.  Similar ideas were developed slightly later by Masaichiro Konishi and Akio Yamanishi of Minolta.

Nihon Kohden submitted an application for a patent on the resulting device in 1974, which named Aoyagi and his colleague Michio Kishi (who helped create a pilot model) as co-inventors.  The patent was granted in 1979.

In 2007, World Health Organization listed pulse oximeter as an essential device for Surgical Safety Checklist for Patient.

Later career
Nihon Kohden moved Aoyagi to a desk job in 1975, and only brought him back into their research group ten years later.  After returning to research, Aoyagi came back to ideas similar to those of the pulse oximeter.  He developed a device, which he called a "pulse spectrophotometer", and which used these ideas to measure the diffusion of a dye injection in the bloodstream.  This gave a relatively non-invasive way to measure liver blood flow and plasma volume.

Death
Aoyagi died in Tokyo on April 18, 2020.

Awards and honors
The University of Tokyo gave Aoyagi a doctorate in engineering in 1993.  Aoyagi received the Medal with Purple Ribbon from the Emperor of Japan in 2002.  Aoyagi was the 2015 recipient of the IEEE Medal for Innovations in Healthcare Technology.

References

Further reading

1936 births
2020 deaths
People from Niigata Prefecture
Japanese electrical engineers
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Niigata University alumni