omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alamgir Karim. Alamgir Karim is a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Houston noted for his work on polymer and polymer nanocomposite materials.

Education 

Karim received a B.Sc. degree in physics from St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1985. He worked under  at Northwestern University, where he received a PhD in physics in 1991. He worked as a postdoctoral research associate under Matthew Tirrell at the University of Minnesota in 1991 -- 1992.

Career 

Karim joined the Polymers Division at the National Institute of Science and Technology in 1993, advancing from Physicist to Group Leader. In 2004 he was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society from the Division of Polymer Physics for pioneering research on polymer thin films and interfaces, polymer brushes, blend film phase separation, thin film dewetting, pattern formation in block copolymer films, and the application of combinatoric measurement methods to complex polymer physics. In 2008 he moved to the Department of Polymer Engineering at the University of Akron, where he was the Goodyear Chair Professor. In 2017 he joined the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Houston (UH), where he is the Dow Chair and Welch Foundation Professor.

Karim is an expert in the processing of polymer thin films, polymer brushes block copolymers, polymer blends, and polymer-nanoparticle mixtures. He has applied these materials to produce membranes, phase gratings, and sensors, among other applications.

At UH, he has developed methods to process chitin, increase the energy density of capacitors  and manipulate polyelectrolyte coacervate droplets. In 2024 he proposed that coacervate droplets suspended in deionized water could potentially act as protocells for the origins of life.

His most-cited research article demonstrated a method to calculate the elastic moduli of polymer thin films  from the spacing of wrinkles on polymer films.

Awards and recognition 

 2002 — Bronze Medal Award, United States Department of Commerce

 2004 — Fellow, American Physical Society

 2012 — Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science

 2021 — National Science Foundation Special Creativity Award

References 

Living people
Chemical engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Houston faculty
Place of birth missing (living people)
Guang-Yu Guo. Guang-Yu Guo () from the National Taiwan University, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Computational Physics in 2005, for his contributions to our understanding of relativity-induced phenomena in magnetic solids and physical properties of materials including transition metal oxides and carbon nanotube structures, through first-principles electronic structure calculations.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century Taiwanese physicists
Pui-Kuen Yeung. Pui-Kuen Yeung (P.K. Yeung) is an engineer and academic.

Education 
Yeung earned his Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering followed by a Master of Philosophy in 1984, both from the University of Hong Kong. He then went on to do his PhD at Cornell University under Stephen B. Pope.  His work culminated with the publication of his thesis titled "A Study of Lagrangian Statistics in Stationary Isotropic Turbulence Using Direct Numerical Simulations" in 1989.

Career
Yeung joined the faculty of the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1992. In 2006, he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society "[f]or or insightful contributions to the understanding and modeling of similarity scaling in turbulence and the mixing of passive scalars, especially the study of Lagrangian statistics and dispersion in turbulence through high-resolution simulations addressing Reynolds number and Schmidt number dependencies."

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
Georgia Tech faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hong Kong expatriates in the United States
Hong Kong engineers
Cornell University alumni
Sofia University of Mining and Geology. The Sofia University of Mining and Geology () is a state university in Sofia, Bulgaria, founded in 1953.

History
The university were established in 1953 as High Mining and Geological Institute -  (HMGI) with two faculties - Mining and Metallurgy and Mining and Mechanical Engineering.

Structure 
Faculty of Mining and Metallurgy
Faculty of Mining and Mechanical Engineering 
Faculty of Geology 
Humanitarian Department

Sport 
Basketball team of University of Mining and Geology

References 

Geology education
Universities in Sofia
Sivaramakrishnan Balachandar. Sivaramakrishnan Balachandar is a professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Sivaramakrishnan  is an American physicist, a Distinguished Professor and William F. Powers Professor at University of Florida.

Balachandar has contributed to the understanding of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle, the structure of bluff body wakes and their effect on the dynamics of small particles, the dynamics of vortices in wall turbulence, and the theory of two-phase flow, including the equilibrium Euler formulation for dispersion force.

He was made a Fellow of the American Physical Society after being nominated by their Division of Fluid Dynamics in 2006., and he received the Francois Naftali Frenkiel Award from the American Physical Society Division of Fluid Dynamics in 1996   He is also a fellow  of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Publications
His most cited articles  are:
Jigen Zhou, Ronald J Adrian, S Balachandar, TM Kendall. Mechanisms for generating coherent packets of hairpin vortices in channel flow    (1999) Journal of Fluid Mechanics 387:353-396 (cited 1902 times)
 S Balachandar, JK Eaton. Turbulent dispersed multiphase flow (2010) Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 42, 111–133. (cited 1200 times)
P. Chakraborty, S Balachandar, RJ Adrian, On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes (2005) Journal of fluid mechanics 535: 189	(838	citations) 
H Aref, S Balachandar  Chaotic advection in a Stokes flow  (1986)  Physics of Fluids 29 (11), 3515-3521	(344 citations)
J.  Robichaux, S Balachandar, SP Vanka. Three-dimensional Floquet instability of the wake of square cylinder. (1999) Physics of Fluids 11 (3), 560-578	(331	citations)
 R Mittal, S Balachandar  Effect of three‐dimensionality on the lift and drag of nominally two‐dimensional cylinders Physics of Fluids 7 (8), 1841-18 (295 citations)

References

External links 
 Official web site at University of Florida Center for Compressible Multiphase Turbulence
 Official web site at The Center for Compressible Multiphase Turbulence at the University of Florida

Fellows of the American Physical Society
American physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American academics of Indian descent
James DeYoreo. James DeYoreo is the Battelle Fellow and Initiative Lead for the Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across Scales Initiative at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington. Concurrent with his position at PNNL, he is a member of the graduate faculty, materials science and engineering, University of Washington.

Biography 
DeYoreo received his PhD from Cornell University in 1985.  Following postdoctoral work at Princeton University, he joined Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1989, where he held numerous positions, including group leader for biophysical and interfacial sciences, director of the biosecurity and nanosciences laboratory, and deputy director of the laboratory science and technology office. He joined Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2007, where he served as deputy director and interim director of the molecular foundry.  He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society in 2007, for his pioneering work using in situ force microscopy to understand the physical principles underlying biocrystallization, particularly the control of biomolecules and other modifiers on energy landscapes, step dynamics and morphological evolution during crystal formation.

Honors and recognition 
DeYoreo is a member of the American Physical Society, American Chemical Society, the American Association for Crystal Growth, and was selected as a fellow of the American Physical Society, fellow of the Materials Research Society. He is a recipient of the Laudise Prize of the International Organization for Crystal Growth, the (AACG) Crystal Growth Award, an R&D 100 Award, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Science and Technology Award.  DeYoreo was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
20th-century American physicists
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American physicists
Cornell University alumni
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people
University of Washington faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Martin Greven. Martin Greven is a Distinguished McKnight University Professor at the University of Minnesota, specializing in experimental condensed matter physics. He is the Director of the University of Minnesota Center for Quantum Materials. His research group investigates quantum many-body phenomena in correlated-electron materials with spectroscopic, transport and other experimental methods.

Greven was born in Germany and started his physics education at the University of Heidelberg, where he obtained his Vordiplom in physics and mathematics in 1988. After a year as an exchange student at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, he went on to obtain his Ph.D. degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995. He spent two additional years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral research associate before joining the faculty of Applied Physics and Photon Science at Stanford University. In 2009, he moved to the University of Minnesota, where he was appointed Full Professor in 2011. In 2018, he was named Distinguished McKnight University Professor.

Awards and honors 
Distinguished McKnight University Professorship, University of Minnesota, 2018 
Fellow, Neutron Scattering Society of America, 2018 
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015 
Fellow, American Physical Society, 2007 
Hellman Family Faculty Fund Award, 2003 
NSF CAREER Award, 2000-2004 
Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, 1999-2001

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American physicists
Heidelberg University alumni
Massimo Boninsegni. Massimo Boninsegni (born 1963 in Genova, Italy) is an Italian-Canadian theoretical condensed matter physicist.  He graduated with a Bachelor's degree in physics at the Universita' degli Studi di Genova in 1986.

He moved to the United States in 1987, where he received a doctoral degree in physics from Florida State University in 1992. His Ph.D. thesis was on numerical studies of a strongly correlated electronic model of high-temperature superconductivity. He took on postdoctoral positions at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and University of Delaware, before becoming in 1997 an assistant professor of physics at San Diego State University. He moved to the University of Alberta in 2002, where he has been a professor of physics since 2005.

His research interests are in the areas of superfluidity, superconductivity, Bose-Einstein condensation and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. His main contribution is in computational quantum many-body physics, specifically to  the development of the continuous-space Worm Algorithm for the simulation of strongly correlated Bose systems at finite temperature. He also contributed to the study of the condensed phase of molecular hydrogen, chiefly the superfluid properties of small clusters, as well as of the supersolid phase of matter.

He was awarded the status of Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2007 for "the development of a novel methodology enabling accurate, large-scale Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of interacting many-body systems, and for its application to the investigation of the supersolid phase of helium and of superfluidity of molecular hydrogen".

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century Italian physicists
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Scientists from Genoa
Condensed matter physicists
Computational physicists
Florida State University alumni
Italian emigrants to the United States
Italian emigrants to Canada
San Diego State University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
University of Genoa alumni
Canadian physicists
Mikhail Feigelman. Mikhail Viktorovich Feigelman (; born 11 June 1954)  is a Russian physicist from the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics. He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after he was nominated by their Division of Condensed Matter Physics in 2007, for contributions to the theory of disordered materials, in particular to pinned charge density waves, spin glasses, pinned vortices in superconductors, glass formation in systems without quenched disorder, and disordered superconductor-normal metal structures.

He has a degree in chemistry from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
Russian physicists
Living people
1954 births
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
Rodolfo Miranda. Rodolfo Miranda, from the University Autonoma de Madrid, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Materials Physics in 2007, for his contributions to surface and thin film magnetism, including new methods of epitaxial growth using surfactants or controlling the morphology at the atomic scale, the identification and characterization of model systems for magnetism in low dimensions, and the observation of magic heights in metallic islands.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Spanish physicists
Stephen Streiffer. Stephen K. Streiffer (born 6 January 1966) is an American materials scientist who began serving as the director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 2023. Prior to this position, he served as interim director at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Streiffer joined Stanford University in 2022 as vice present for SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory after 24 years at Argonne National Laboratory.

Early life 
Streiffer grew up in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In 1987, he received his bachelor's degree in materials science and engineering from Rice University. In 1993, he completed his doctorate in materials science and engineering from Stanford University.

Career 
Streiffer began his career at North Carolina State University as a research assistant professor. In 1998, he moved to Argonne National Laboratory as a researcher in the Materials Science Division. He was awarded the status of Fellow by the American Physical Society in 2007, for "experimental studies of ferroelectric thin film physics, that have established the relationships between epitaxial strain, ferroelectric phase transition behavior and domain structure, and size effects, and for advancing the fundamental understanding of complex oxide thin film microstructure." 

After serving in various roles at Argonne, he became the associate laboratory director for photon sciences and director of the Advanced Photon Source in 2015. On July 1, 2020, he was named the Argonne National Laboratory deputy director for science and technology. From 2020 to 2022, he was also the co-director of the National Virtual Biotechnology, the United States Department of Energy's effort to combat COVID-19.  

In June 2022, he became Stanford University’s vice president for SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. During the search for a permanent director of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, he served as interim lab director beginning in February 2023. In July 2023, Streiffer was announced as director of Oak Ridge National Laboratory beginning on October 16.

References 

Living people
1966 births
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Rice University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American physicists
Elliott R. Brown. Elliott R. Brown from the University of California, Los Angeles, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Forum on Industrial and Applied Physics  in 2007, for breakthroughs in THz science and technology including new solid-state coherent sources: (1) resonant-tunneling oscillators, and (2) photomixers; new detectors based on single-crystal, semimetal-semiconductor junctions; and high-resolution spectroscopy of solids.

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
American physicists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sadamichi Maekawa. Sadamichi Maekawa (前川禎通 Maekawa Sadamichi) is a Japanese researcher, who was born in Nara Prefecture, Japan in 1946. He obtained his B. Sc. (1969), M. Sc. (1971) degrees from Osaka University, and D. Sc. (1975) degree from Tohoku University. He was a research associate (1971–1982) and an associate professor (1982–1988) at Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, and a professor (1988–1997) at Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, and a professor (1997–2010) at Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University. After serving as a director of Advanced Science Research Center in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (2010-2018), he became a senior advisor at RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science from April 2018.

His main research topics include theory of electronic properties in strongly correlated electron systems, in particular, high-temperature superconductors and orbital physics in transition metal oxides and theory of spintronics.

Professional Experience

Awards 
2018      Highly Cited Researchers2018

2013      Honoris Causa Doctorate of University of Zaragoza, Spain

2012      Honorary Member of the Magnetic Society of Japan

2012      IUPAP Magnetism Award and Néel Medal

2008      the title of Distinguished Professor, Tohoku University

2008      Fellow of the American Physical Society

2005      the title of Honda Professor, Tohoku University

2003      Magnetics Society of Japan Award

2001      Humboldt Award (Germany)

1999      Fellow of Institute of Physics (UK)

References 

Fellows of the American Physical Society
Japanese physicists
Living people
1946 births
Osaka University alumni
Annabella Selloni. Annabella Selloni is the David B. Jones Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University.

Education 
Selloni completed studies at the Universitá La Sapienza in 1974 and received her PhD from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne in 1979.

Career and research 
Selloni works on theoretical chemistry, determining electronic and other properties of materials that are of interest for energy applications. She carries out complex quantum-mechanical computations.

Her research has covered density functional theory investigations into the effects of surface chemistry on water electrocatalysis, modelling of biomaterials capable of purifying water of heavy metals, and studying the interaction between organic and inorganic layers in self-cleaning titanium dioxide.

Her collaborators include Prof. Cristiana Di Valentin at the University of Milano-Bicocca.

Awards and Honors 
In 2008 she was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after being nominated by the Division of Computational Physics for her pioneering first-principles computational studies of surfaces and interfaces.  made possible the interpretation of complex experiments, and successfully predicted the physical, and chemical properties of broad classes of materials, including materials for photovoltaic applications.

 Fellow of the European Academy of Sciences (2016)
 Max Planck Fellowship (Fritz-Haber-Institut, Berlin, 2009; July 2013)
 APS Outstanding Referee (2012)
 J. D. Lindsay Lectures Speaker at Texas A&M University (Fall 2012)
 Fellow of the American Physical Society (2008)

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American physicists
21st-century American women scientists
American women physicists
20th-century Italian physicists
20th-century Italian women scientists
Princeton University faculty
Chong Long Fu. Chong Long Fu from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Materials Physics in 2008, for outstanding contributions to the fundamental understanding of the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of metallic and intermetallic systems based on accurate first-principles calculations and to the development of novel high temperature intermetallics and nanocluster strengthened alloys for structural

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American physicists
3D printing filament. 3D printing filament is the thermoplastic feedstock for fused deposition modeling 3D printers. There are many types of filament available with different properties. 

Filament comes in a range of diameters, most commonly 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm, with the latter often being confused with the less common 3 mm. 

Filament consists of one continuous slender plastic thread spooled into a reel.

Production

Commercially produced filament

3D printing filament is created using a process of heating, extruding and cooling plastic to transform nurdles into the finished product. However, unlike a 3D printer, the filament is pulled rather than pushed through the nozzle to create the filament. The diameter of the filament is defined by the process that takes place after the plastic has been heated rather than the diameter of the extruder nozzle. A different force and speed is applied to the filament as it is pulled out of the extruder to define the width of the filament, most commonly 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm diameter.

The plastic nurdles are always white or clear. Pigments or other additives are added to the material before it is melted to create coloured filament or filament with special properties, e.g. increased strength or magnetic properties. Before the filament is extruded the nurdles are heated to 80 °C to dry it and reduce water content. The nurdles must be dried as many thermoplastics are hygroscopic and extrusion of damp plastic causes dimensional flaws (this is also the case when the finished filament is being printed). From there the nurdles are fed into a single screw extruder where it is heated and extruded into a filament. The diameter is often measured by a laser beam(not melting) as part of a quality control mechanism to ensure correct diameter of the filament. The filament is then fed through a warm water tank which cools the filament which gives the filament its round shape. The filament is then fed through a cold water tank to cool it to room temperature. It is then wound onto a spool to create the finished product.

DIY filament production
DIY filament production machines use the same method as FDM 3D printers of pushing the filament through the extruder to create the correct diameter filament. There are several DIY filament machines available as both open source plans and commercially available machines.

A food dehydrator can be used to remove water from hygroscopic materials at above 70 °C.

Usage 

The process of transforming 3D printing filament into a 3D model 
 The filament is fed into the FDM 3D printer.
  The thermoplastic is heated past its glass transition temperature inside the hotend.
 The filament is extruded and deposited by an extrusion head onto a build platform where it cools.
 The process is continuous, building up layers to create the model.

Materials

References 

Plastics
3D printing