omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kerissa Khan. Kerissa Khan  is a Trinidadian aeronautical engineer and was president of the Royal Aeronautical Society for 2023–24.

Early life and education 
Khan grew up in Rio Claro and Mayaro, Trinidad and went to school at ASJA Primary School in Princes Town and Naparima Girls' High School. She was inspired by the Concorde to pursue a career in aerospace and obtained her pilot's licence based at Piarco, Trinidad's international airport. She subsequently moved to Scotland where she gained a Master of Engineering with Honours in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Glasgow in 2012.

Career 
After leaving university, Khan joined French aerospace group Safran, eventually leading the company's UK corporate affairs. Previous roles include research and development of aerospace systems for various aircraft types – the Bombardier Global 7500 being the first. She also worked on the Airbus A320, A321, A330, A350, Boeing 787, Tornado and Eurofighter jets. While at Safran, she was a signatory to the 2019 Women in Defence Charter, committing to work towards a more gender balanced defence industry.

She is currently employed by UK Research and Innovation as Innovation Lead focusing on UKRI's "future flight challenge".

In 2016, Khan was elected as the youngest ever member of the Royal Aeronautical Society's council. She was then elected president for 2023–24, becoming the second woman (after Jenny Body in 2013–14) to hold the position.

Personal life 
Khan lives in London and is a Roman Catholic.

References 

21st-century Trinidad and Tobago women
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Aeronautical engineers
Presidents of the Royal Aeronautical Society

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
SepPure Technologies. SepPure Technologies is a Membrane Technology company based in Singapore and Canada. The company focuses on chemical-resistant hollow fibre membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) solutions designed to separate chemical mixtures at the molecular level with minimal energy use. With its technology, SepPure aims to address the significant energy expenditure associated with industrial-scale chemical separation processes across various sectors such as vegetable oil, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, petrochemical, and further oil industries, which currently accounts for up to 15% of the world's total energy consumption.

Background
Industrial-scale chemical separation processes have traditionally been associated with economic and environmental inefficiencies. Conventional methods such as distillation and evaporation heavily rely on the combustion of fossil fuels for energy, leading to substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and pollution. SepPure, therefore, aims to mitigate these challenges by developing industrial separation technologies that reduce dependency on traditional methods.

History
SepPure's Founder and CEO, Dr. Mohammad Farahani, founded SepPure Pte. Ltd in 2018 to commercialise the technology he developed while doing his PhD at the National University of Singapore (NUS).

The Singapore government, committed to foster DeepTech innovation, became interested in the technology and backed the company further through its investment arm, SGInnovate, subsequently attracting Venture Capital (VC) investors to commercialise the technology.

In 2021, SepPure received a grant from Emissions Reduction Alberta to apply its technology in a vegetable oil refining facility in Alberta, Canada. Emissions Reductions Alberta (ERA), a Canadian government agency, collaborates with SepPure to assist in emissions reduction within Alberta's canola oil processing industry which contributes approximately one-third of Canada's total canola oil production. In the same year, two agreements were concurrently reached in Singapore for the construction of two membrane-based vegetable oil processing plants on a semi-industrial scale.

By February 2023, the company's momentum accelerated with further support from SOSV, which then attracted further notable investors including Anji Microelectronics, Real Tech, and SEEDS Capital, the investment arm of Enterprise Singapore.

SepPure Technologies is also backed by ID Capital, an investment and advisory firm based in Singapore, specialising in AgriFoodTech, and the driving force behind the Future Food Asia platform.

Products
SepPure Technologies offers a range of products as alternatives to traditional methods, promoting sustainability and efficiency in chemical separation processes.

References

Membrane technology
Miassite. Miassite is a mineral made of rhodium and sulfur, with the stoichometric formula . It was named after the Miass River in the Urals. It is a superconductor and an unconventional superconductor.  Naturally occurring miassite is too brittle, so it is made in a lab for superconductor research.

Its ability to be an unconventional superconductor was discovered at Ames National Laboratory in 2024.

Miassite, covellite, parkerite, and palladseite, occur in nature, and are also made in labs as superconductors.  Miassite is the only one found to also have unconventional superconductivity.

References

External links
 
http://www.webmineral.com/data/Miassite.shtml
https://www.mindat.org/min-7250.html

Superconductors
Minerals
Bromo(chloro)fluoro(iodo)silane. Bromo(chloro)fluoro(iodo)silane is a complex inorganic compound of bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and silicon with the chemical formula . This is a chiral molecule.

Preparation 
It can be prepared by prolonged heating of a mixture of fluoride-chloride-dibromide of silicon  and triiodosilane  at 100 °C, followed by separation of the halide mixture by fractional distillation.

Physical properties
The compound is a colorless solid, that reacts with water.

References

Silanes
Fluorine compounds
Bromine compounds
Iodine compounds
Tin(IV) iodate. Tin(IV) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sn(IO3)4. It was first obtained in 2020 through the hydrothermal reaction of tin(II) oxide and iodic acid in water at 220 °C. It is a colorless columnar crystal, crystallized in the triclinic P space group. It has an indirect band gap (experimental 4.0 eV; calculated 2.75 eV).

References

Tin compounds
Iodates
Substances discovered in the 2020s
Inverse planning. Inverse Planning refers to the process of inferring an agent's mental states, such as goals, beliefs, emotions, etc., from actions by assuming agents are rational planners. It is a method commonly used in computational cognitive science and artificial intelligence for modeling agents' Theory of mind.

Inverse planning is closely related to Inverse Reinforcement Learning, which attempts to learn a reward function based on agents' behavior, and plan recognition, which finds logically-consistent goals given the action observations.

Bayesian inverse planning 

Inverse Planning is often framed with a Bayesian formulation, such as sequential Monte Carlo methods. The inference process can be represented with a graphical model shown on the right. In this causal diagram, a rational agent with a goal g produces a plan with a sequence of actions , where

In the forward planning model, it is often assumed that the agent is rational. The agents' actions can then be derived from a Boltzmann rational action distribution,

where  is the cost of the optimal plan to goal  by first performing action , and  is the Boltzmann temperature parameter.

Then giving action observations of , Inverse Planning applies Bayes rule to invert the conditional probability to find the posterior probability of the agent's goal.

Inverse planning can also be applied for inferring agent's beliefs, emotions, preferences, etc. Recent work in Bayesian Inverse Planning has also been able to account for boundedly rational agent behavior, multi-modal interactions, and team actions in multi-agent systems.

Application 
Inverse Planning has been widely used in modeling agent's behavior in cognitive science to understand human's ability to interpret and infer other agents' latent mental states. It has increasingly been applied in Human-AI and Human-Robot interactions, allowing artificial agents to recognize the goals and beliefs of human users in order to provide assistance.

References 

Theory of mind
Cognitive science
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act. The Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980 (OTECA) is an act authorized by Congress to address ocean thermal conversion. It is one of six acts enacted by the Energy Security Act of 1980. Ocean thermal energy conversion is the extraction of energy from the thermal differentials of subsea and surface water in regions with tropical oceans.  

The OTECA activities by means of three main functions:

 The regulation of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) facilities and plantships.
 Maritime financing of such facilities and plantships.
 The enforcement of law and regulations concerning this issue.

OTECA establishes rules for the protection of the environment as well as to ensure the protection of life and property.

For the purposes of the Merchant Marine Act (1936), any ship providing service for OTEC facilities shall be considered "be deemed to be used in, and used in an essential service in, the foreign commerce or foreign trade of the United States." This was to allow financing under the 1936 act.

The act limits the ownership, construction and operation of offshore ocean thermal energy facilities and plantships to those licensed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

References 

Energy policy
Energy law
Luxeed S7. The Luxeed S7 () is a battery electric executive sedan produced by Chinese automobile manufacturer Luxeed, a premium EV brand of Chery in collaboration with HIMA. Production of the vehicle started in 2023. The Luxeed S7 is a sister model with Exeed Sterra ES which are similar in size and share the same platform.

Overview 

In July 2023, the first camouflaged prototypes of a new car originally intended to join the portfolio of the Huawei technology concern's car brand AITO, were photographed. Month later, it was announced that Huawei was creating a second subsidiary called Luxeed, whose first vehicle was the large S7 limousine. This time, the partner to develop a Huawei car was the Chinese automotive company Chery, which was responsible for, among others, for providing the floor plate and production capacity.

The passenger cabin has an avant-garde design, with an oval steering wheel and a raised digital clock screen. The central touchscreen has a diagonal of 12.3 inches. The Huawei was responsible, among others, for: for providing the HarmonyOS multimedia system, as well as the extensive ADS 2.0 semi-autonomous driving system supported by LiDAR placed at the edge of the windshield, as well as side cameras scanning the surroundings.

Specifications 
The S7 is a fully electric car that went on sale in a rear-wheel drive or AWD specification. The first one generates 292 HP from one electric motor located on the rear axle, while the second, top one - 496 HP. The manufacturer has planned three sizes of batteries supplied by the Chinese company CATL: 62 kWh with a range of 550 kilometers according to the Chinese CLTC standard, as well as 82 kWh (705 km of range for RWD and 630 for AWD) and 100 kWh with a declared range of 855 kilometers.

See also 
 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance

References 

Cars introduced in 2023
Executive cars
Sedans
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Production electric cars
Cars of China
Yang Shi'e. Yang Shi'e (; 9 August 1931 – 19 March 2024) was a Chinese engineer who was vice president of Harbin Institute of Shipbuilding Engineering (now Harbin Engineering University) from 1982 to 1987, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was one of the founders of China's underwater acoustic engineering discipline.

Biography
Yang was born in the British concession of Tianjin, on 9 August 1931, to Yang Tingbao, an architect and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chen Faqing (). His grandfather  was a politician who was magistrate of Nanyang Prefecture during the Republic of China. He attended Chongqing Nankai Secondary School and the High School Affiliated to National Central University. In 1947, he enrolled at Tsinghua University, where he majored in the Department of Physics. 

After university in 1950, he taught at Dalian First Naval School and participated in the establishment of the People's Liberation Army Military Engineering University (Harbin Military Engineering University) in December 1952. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1956. He studied at the Andreyev Acoustics Institute between 1957 and 1959. He returned to China in November 1959 and continued to teach at the People's Liberation Army Military Engineering University. 

Yang was recruited as a professor of Northwestern Polytechnical University in 2000.

On 19 March 2024, he died in Harbin, Heilongjiang, at the age of 92.

Honours and awards
 July 1995 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
 1998 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the Shipborne Torpedo Trajectory Tracking and Measurement System
 2009 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the Low Noise Measurement Methods and Systems

References

1931 births
2024 deaths
Engineers from Tianjin
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of Harbin Engineering University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Dana classification system. Dana's classification is a mineral classification developed by James Dwight Dana. It is based on the chemical composition and structure of minerals. It is mainly used in English-speaking countries, especially in the United States.

The mineral classification used by the International Mineralogical Association is the Nickel-Strunz classification.

History
The classification of minerals was based on chemical composition by Dana in the fourth edition (1854, in two volumes) of his book System of Mineralogy. For the 20th century, this classification was completed thanks to scientific progress, particularly in the field of crystallography. In 1941, Karl Hugo Strunz used it to construct his classification. Dana's original classification was further developed, and a new classification was published in 1997.

Classification structure
Minerals are arranged in a hierarchical system. Each mineral has a classification number, made up of four numbers separated by dots, enabling unambiguous identification even when minerals are known by several names (synonymy). The first number represents the mineral class. The second number represents the mineral type, in some cases taking into account its atomic structure. The third number represents a group of minerals of similar structure. The fourth number gives the unambiguous identification of the mineral.

Example
Kieserite group.

 29. Acidic and normal hydrated sulfates
 29.06.: acid and normal hydrated sulfates of the formula AXO4-x(H2O)
 29.06.02.: kieserite group (monohydrates)
 29.06.02.01.: kieserite MgSO4-(H2O), space group C2/c
 29.06.02.02.: szomolnokite FeSO4-(H2O), space group A2/a
 29.06.02.03.: szmikite MnSO4-(H2O), space group A2/a
 29.06.02.04.: povinite (Cu,Fe,Zn)SO4-(H2O), space group P1
 29.06.02.05.: gunningite (Zn,Mn)SO4-(H2O), space group A2/a
 29.06.02.06.: dwornikite (Ni,Fe)SO4-(H2O), space group C2/c
 29.06.02.07.: cobaltkieserite CoSO4-H2O, space group C2/c

Mineral classes

See also 

 James Dwight Dana
 Mineral
 Nickel–Strunz classification
 Crystallography

References 

Minerals
Classification systems
Michael Poirier. Michael Guy Poirier is a professor and biophysicist at Ohio State University where he is a faculty member in both the Department of Physics and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Education

Poirier attended Truman State University where he earned a BS in physics in 1995. He earned a PhD in physics from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 2002. His PhD advisor was John F. Marko and his dissertation is entitled "Micromechanical Biochemical Studies of Mitotic Chromosome Elasticity and Structure"
In 2006 he was hired as an assistant faculty member at Ohio State University. In 2012 he was promoted to associate faculty and in 2016 he became full faculty at Ohio State University.

Publications

Poirier is author and co-author of numerous publications in biophysics. His most frequently cited paper is "Post-Translational Modifications of Histones That Influence Nucleosome Dynamics" which he co-authored with Gregory D. Bowman.

Another notable publication is "Basic helix-loop-helix pioneer factors interact with the histone octamer to invade nucleosomes and generate nucleosome-depleted regions" which was highlighted in a magazine article for the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)

Awards and honors

In 2020, Poirier won the Lumley Interdisciplinary Research Award from the Ohio State University college of engineering.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Biophysicists
Ohio State University faculty
American physicists
Truman State University alumni
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Substance 3D Modeler. Substance 3D Modeler is a 3D modeling software developed by Adobe Inc. It is part of the Substance 3D suite of tools designed for 3D digital content creation, specifically focusing on editing and sculpting 3D models.

History 
Substance 3D Modeler was initially developed by Allegorithmic, a French software company founded in 2002. In January 2019, Adobe Inc. acquired Allegorithmic, including its suite of Substance tools.

Features 
Integration with other Adobe Substance 3D tools, such as Substance Painter, Substance 3D Sampler, Substance 3D Stager, and Substance Designer, as well as other 3D modeling and rendering software.

 Procedural Modeling
 Non-destructive editing
 Polygonal modeling
 Sculpting
 UV Mapping
 Retopology
 Virtual reality modeling

File types supported

Imports
SMOD, FBX, OBJ, GLTF, USD, IGS, JT, STEP, STL

Exports
SMOD, FBX, OBJ, GLTF, USD, IGS, JT, STEP, STL

See also 
 3D modeling software
 List of 3D modeling software
 List of Adobe software
 ZBrush

References 

Adobe Inc.
Adobe software
ESD turnstile. An ESD turnstile is a kind of antistatic device that integrates ESD testing with a turnstile gate, allowing individuals to conduct ESD testing and access verification before entering an ESD-protected area.

An ESD turnstile can be configured to enforce ESD testing for wrist strap only, shoes only, or both wrist strap and shoes. By integrating ESD testing functionality with access control mechanisms such as RFID cards, facial recognition system, fingerprint scanners, QR code scanners, and others, the ESD turnstile prevents unauthorized entry of individuals who have not undergone the necessary ESD testing procedures.

Applications
ESD turnstiles find application in environments where electrostatic discharge control is critical to prevent damage to sensitive electronic equipment or components. Some common applications of ESD turnstiles include manufacturing facilities, research and development labs, data centers, warehouses and distribution centers, and semiconductor cleanrooms.

From a compliance and quality assurance perspective, companies operating in industries sensitive to electrostatic discharge are often required to adhere to stringent ESD control standards and regulations, such as the ANSI/ESD S20.20 standard. ESD turnstiles provide a reliable means of ensuring compliance with these standards by enforcing ESD testing before access, thus contributing to quality assurance in the production process.

From a security perspective, they enhance overall security by ensuring that only properly tested and authorized personnel can access ESD-protected areas, reducing the potential for sabotage, theft, or tampering with sensitive equipment.

Additionally, the real-time human body electrostatic test records generated by ESD turnstiles contribute to process control and traceability by providing valuable data on the electrostatic discharge levels of personnel. This information can be utilized for continuous improvement initiatives, ESD risk assessment, and root cause analysis in the event of ESD-related issues.

See also
Electrostatic discharge
Turnstile

References

Electrostatics
Electrical safety
Fare collection systems
Types of gates
Access control
Peter Niemz. Peter Niemz (1950) is a German-born Swiss materials engineer, retired wood scientist and emeritus professor of the Institute of Building Materials at ETH Zurich, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

Biography 
Niemz was born and grew up in the small town of Crosta (Großdubrau), then part of the East Germany.

In 1968–1972, he studied at the Technical University of Dresden, specializing in wood and fiber based materials. Afterwards, he was employed as a researcher at the Institute for Wood Science and Technology (Dresden), where he worked during the years 1972–1992. In 1993 Niemz was elected as a professor at the University of Valdivia (today, Austral University of Chile) in Chile at the Institute of Wood Science and Technology and worked there until 1996.

Following that, he moved to Switzerland, and in 1996 he acquired the position of full professor of wood physics at ETH Zurich. He was eventually retired in 2015. After that, he worked as a senior wood scientist at the Bern University of Applied Sciences in Biel.

His research focused on wood physics and wood material properties, and has received -until March 2024- more than 10,000 citations at Google Scholar. Additionally, he served on the editorial boards of esteemed wood-related journals, like Wood Material Science and Engineering and Holzforschung. He served also as a visiting professor at the University of Life Sciences in Warsaw and the Universität für Bodenkultur in Vienna.

Recognition 
In 2002, Niemz was elected as a fellow at The International Academy of Wood Science for his yearlong research and academic work.

In October 2023, a meta-research carried out by John Ioannidis et al. at Stanford University included Niemz in Elsevier Data 2022, where he was ranked in the top 2% of researchers of all time in wood science (forestry – materials), having a c-index of 3.0672.

In December 2023, along with Alfred Teischinger and Dick Sandberg, he coordinated and edited the referenced Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology.

References

External links 
 ResearchGate

Swiss scientists
Fellows of the International Academy of Wood Science
Wood scientists
1950 births
Living people
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Compressorium. The compressorium  (plural: compressoria) is a scientific apparatus for applying pressure to a sample for examination with a microscope.

Widely used by microscopists in the 19th century, they were produced by companies such as Bausch and Lomb.

Many versions of compressoria were developed over the years, with one of the first attributed to the famous histologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně, see picture.

Compressoria were still used in the twenty-first century for the identification of Trichinella worms in samples.

References 

Scientific equipment
Microscopy
Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending. Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (RBOB) is a gasoline futures contract traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). It is the benchmark futures contract for wholesale gasoline in the United States.

History
Edwin Drake was the first to discover RBOB gasoline but discarded it as a byproduct on his quest to refine crude oil into kerosene.

Composition 
RBOB gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons suitable for use in Spark-ignition engines. It typically contains various additives, including oxygenates like ethanol or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), to improve octane rating and reduce air pollution.

Refining 
RBOB is refined from crude oil and about half of the crude oil is refined into RBOB gasoline, therefore RBOB tracks the price of WTI crude closely.

See also 
 Commodity market
 Fuel taxes in the United States
 New York Mercantile Exchange

References 

Chemical substances
Benchmark crude oils
Petroleum in the United States