omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Peter Baxandall. Peter James Baxandall (August 11, 1921, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey – September 8, 1995, Malvern, Worcestershire) was an English audio engineer and electronics engineer and a pioneer of the use of analog electronics in audio. He is probably best known for what is now called the Baxandall tone control circuit, first published in a paper in Wireless World.

Biography
Baxandall attended King's College School in London, then got his BSc in electrical engineering at Cardiff Technical College (1942). He was a radio instructor for the Fleet Air Arm for two years, and then worked for the Telecommunications Research Establishment (at the Circuit Research Division headed by Frederic Calland Williams), later renamed and merged to form the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, until his retirement in 1971. After retiring he worked as a consultant on various audio projects including loudspeakers, tape duplication, and microphone calibration. During this time he continued to publish, including a "seminal chapter" on electrostatic loudspeakers. The Audio Engineering Society made him a Fellow in 1980, and in 1993 awarded him with a Silver Medal for his contributions to the field.

Baxandall tone control circuit
Baxandall's bass and treble control circuit, when made public in Wireless World (1952), "swept all others before it". An early version of the design had already won him an award in 1950 (a $25 watch) at the British Sound Recording Association, a predecessor of the Audio Engineering Society. The design is now employed in millions of hi-fi systems (Baxandall received no royalties for his work).

It exists in several versions—Baxandall's original had two capacitors per potentiometer, but it is possible to use only one at either the treble or bass potentiometers, or both. It finds an application in hi-fi audio equipment and in amplifiers and effects for musical instruments, erroneously shown in  and cited in.

References

External links
Baxandall, "Negative Feedback Tone Control" (article from Wireless World, October 1952]

English audio engineers
1921 births
1995 deaths
Signal processing filter
Tone, EQ and filter
Johnson Rocket 185. The Johnson Rocket 185 was a 1940s American two seat cabin monoplane designed by Johnson and built at Fort Worth, Texas.

Development
Johnson originally built a homebuilt Rocket 125 which first flew in 1942. The Rocket 125 was a low-wing cabin monoplane powered by a Lycoming O-290 engine. He developed the design into the Rocket 185 with a 185 hp (138 kW) Lycoming O-435-A engine and retractable landing gear. It was a high performance aircraft for the late 1940s with a top speed of 180 mph (290 km/h). In August 1945, Fred Pittera who had been an Advanced Military Pilot Training instructor on the four-engine B-24 Bomber at the nearby Fort Worth Army Air Field, joined the Johnson Rocket Aircraft as a test pilot, flying the P-39 aircraft look-alike through its various test regimens and finally in late 1945 flew the Johnson Rocket 185 with an FAA flight examiner for its first production qualification approval. A Federal Aviation Authority Type Certificate was issued on 10 September 1946. Introduced in August 1945, the Rocket 185 was pitched with the phrase "get a super-performing airplane for only $5,000 – order your 'Rocket' now!". A sales tour began in June 1946. However, because of its high performance and limited seating (two, sometimes three), the market was limited to experienced pilots and only 18 were built.

A four-seat variant was produced as the Bullet 125 but all rights to the two designs were sold on in the early 1950s. The new owner of the design was the Aircraft Manufacturing Company based at Tyler, Texas. They developed a variant of the Bullet powered by a Menasco inline engine and named the Texas Bullet 205 but it was not successful.

Specifications (Rocket 185)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Energid Technologies. Energid Technologies  is an engineering firm providing robotics, machine vision, and remote control software with the core product referred to as Actin. Its headquarters are in Bedford, Massachusetts. It has regional presence in Bedford, Massachusetts, New York, New York; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Tucson, Arizona; Austin, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois. Energid also has an international presence in Bangalore, India. Energid Technologies develops tools for robotic applications in the industrial, agriculture, transportation, defense, and medical industries.  Energid's Actin and Selectin products provide advanced robotics technology in the form of extendable software toolkits. Actin is in release 5.5 and provides control and tasking for complex multi-robot systems. Energid has applied its software to control robots for seafloor oil exploration, nuclear reactor inspection, and citrus harvesting.

In May 2019, Energid was named to the RBR50 2019, an annual list of the top 50 robotics companies by Robotics Business Review.

History 
Energid Technologies was founded in 2001 by Neil Tardella and James English.  It is a Florida corporation headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts.

References

External links
 Official Website

Robotics companies of the United States
Medical robotics
Companies based in Massachusetts
Technology companies established in 2001
List of gun-launched missiles. Gun-launched missiles, a subset of cannon-launched guided projectiles, are usually anti-tank guided missiles that are fired from tank guns, and sometimes have a claimed limited anti-helicopter capability.

 Ukrainian Falarick 90
 Belgian/Ukrainian Falarick 105 tandem warhead by John Cockerill (CMI Defence) and Luch Design Bureau, to be fired from the Cockerill CV 105 mm gun.
 Falarick 120
 Chinese GP105 fired from 105 mm gun
 French  (ACRA) 142mm anti-tank guided missile, tested on a version of the AMX-30 MBT
 Indian SAMHO fired from 120 mm gun
 Israeli LAHAT, used with their 105 and 120 mm gun tubes
 Russian 9K112 Kobra (AT-8 Songster), 9M119/M/120 (Refleks/Refleks-M/Svir) (AT-11 Sniper) and other types, fired from 115, and 125 mm guns, and 9M117 Bastion fired from 100 mm guns
 Ukrainian  tandem-warhead ATGM with a 5,000 m effective range, fired from a 125 mm smoothbore gun
 US Army MGM-51 Shillelagh fired from a 152 mm gun
 XM1111 Mid-Range Munition (guided round, no rocket motor)

References

Armoured warfare
Missile types
Anti-tank guided missiles
USS William Isom. USS William Isom (ID-1555) was an oil tanker that was built in 1917 and briefly served in the United States Navy. She spent three decades in the United States Merchant Marine. In 1931 she was renamed Edwin B. De Golia.

In 1947 or 1948 she was sold to a company that renamed her Demosthenes and flagged her out to Panama. She was scrapped in 1955.

Building
The Baltimore Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company built William Isom for the Sinclair Gulf Corporation in 1917, completing her that November. She was named after a Vice President of the North American Transportation and Trading Company.

William Isoms main engines were two steam turbines, which drove her single propeller shaft by single-deduction gearing. She had two water-tube boilers, made by W. & A. Fletcher Company of Hoboken, New Jersey.

US Navy service
On 24 April 1918 the United States Shipping Board took control of William Isom. On 1 May the US Navy took her over, gave her the naval registry Identification Number 1555 and commissioned her as USS William Isom. Her first commander was Lt Cdr Wenzel Habel, USNRF.

William Isom was assigned first to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. By 1 July 1918 she had been transferred to the Fleet Train as a depot tanker, carrying bunker oil to US ships and stations. She seems to have remained in US home waters throughout her 15 months of naval service.

On 21 August 1919 William Isom was decommissioned and returned via the US Shipping Board to the Sinclair Gulf Corporation.

Further civilian service
The American Italian Commercial Corporation bought William Isom in 1920, and sold her in the mid-1920s to the Cuba Distilling Company. In 1930 Edwin B. De Golia bought her and renamed her Edwin B. De Golia. From 1931 her owner is listed as the Hillcone Steamship Company.

Despite her change of name, Edwin B. De Golia seems to have kept the same code letters LJBC until 1933. In 1934 they were superseded by the call sign WLCN.

By 1935 Edwin B. De Golia was equipped with wireless direction finding.

In 1947 the Artemis Maritime Company bought Edwin B. De Golia, renamed her Demosthenes and registered her in Panama City. She was scrapped on 4 February 1955 in Trieste.

References

External links

1917 ships
Ships built in Baltimore
Steamships of Panama
Steamships of the United States
Unique oilers and tankers of the United States Navy
World War I tankers of the United States
Albert Polman. Albert Polman (born 21 April 1961, Groningen) is a Dutch physicist and former director of the AMOLF research laboratory in Amsterdam.

Polman received his master's degree in physics (1985) and his Ph.D. degree in materials science and engineering (1989) from the University of Utrecht. From 1989 to 1991 he was a post-doctoral staff researcher at AT&T Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill, New Jersey). Since 1991 he has been associated with AMOLF, first as a group leader, since 1999 also as a department head. In 2005 he initiated the Center for Nanophotonics at AMOLF; in 2006 he was appointed as director of AMOLF. Polman was one of the initiators of the Amsterdam nanoCenter, a regional facility for nanofabrication founded in 2003. From March 2003 to February 2004 he was on sabbatical leave at Caltech, where he was a research associate in the group of Prof. H.A. Atwater.

Polman is one of the pioneers of the research field of nanophotonics: the control, understanding, and application of light at the nanoscale. He is best known for inventing optical doping, i.e., the incorporation and optical activation of optically active ions in thin-film materials by ion implantation. Polman's research group at AMOLF specializes in fundamental studies at the interface between optical physics and materials science.

In 2009, Albert Polman was appointed as a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences.

Polman's group invented angle-resolved cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy, a super-resolution method that can create images with a resolution of up to 10 nanometers. As of 2011, this technology has become commercially available.

Selected publications
 
 
  also featured in Nature 447, July 2007.

References

See also
 Daan Frenkel

1961 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch physicists
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Utrecht University alumni
Scientists from Groningen (city)
21st-century Dutch physicists
Kauffmann olefination. The Kauffmann olefination is a chemical reaction to convert aldehydes and ketones to olefins with a terminal methylene group. This reaction was discovered by the German chemist Thomas Kauffmann and is related to the better known Tebbe olefination or Wittig reaction.

Formation of the reagent 
The reagent was generated in situ by conversion of different halogenides of molybdenum or tungsten with methyllithium at low temperatures (−78 °C).

During the warm-up process the formation of the active reagent occurs. NMR-experiments have shown that the active reagent is not a Schrock carbene (e.g. Tebbe-reagent).

Mechanism 

Mechanism experiments shows that the olefination process is a sequence of cycloaddition and cycloelimination steps.

Applications 
For a long time this reaction had no applications in synthetic organic chemistry. In 2002 it was used in a total synthesis of the terpene gleenol as a mild and non-basic reagent in a one-pot-protocol with an olefin metathesis step with Grubbs catalyst. It is remarkable that the organometallic catalyst tolerates the inorganic reaction products.

References 

Name reactions
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Olefination reactions
Pyroban. Pyroban began as a project implemented by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) after the accidental release and ignition of a flammable vapour by a diesel engine at its Wilton Plant in the UK in 1969.

In 1972 Power Research Ltd was formed by Phil Tyrer, to offer a sub-contract prototype design and development service to prevent industrial equipment creating an explosion in a flammable atmosphere. Power Research carried out development work for the Pyroban project and in 1974 changed its name to Pyroban Ltd offering explosion proof solutions to industries such as oil and gas, mining and manufacturing.

In 1980 the company pioneered gas detection used on battery electric vehicles such as forklift trucks so that they could be used in areas where flammable gas or vapour is present.  This method is still being used today.

By the turn of the century, many industrial accidents, the result of the ignition of flammable material, had shaped health and safety policy across the developed world. In Europe, this was consolidated with the introduction of the ATEX Directive in 2003.

These policies have improved the safety of people working in hazardous areas and drove an increasing need for explosion protected equipment leading to new innovations from Pyroban as it aligned with the latest technologies.

Around 2003, Pyroban pioneered the introduction of gas detection in diesel engines to certifiably eliminate the use of a flame arrestor in the diesel engine exhaust stream. This was significant as it meant that operators could keep engines running on an offshore platform without having to clean the flame arrestor every 8 hours. It also prevented operational issues from occurring where dummy flame arrestors (blanks) could otherwise be used, exposing oil and gas rigs to potential explosions.

The Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010 had a significant impact on the global oil and gas industry and helped shape policy further.

On 31 August 2011, Pyroban was acquired by Caterpillar Inc.  On 17 November 2017, Caterpillar Inc. divested its 100% interest in the Pyroban Group and it is now owned by the Longacre Group.

In 2020, Pyroban was able to expand on its 2003 innovation and replace the plate type flame arrestors found in explosion protected diesel engines with a passive system that doesn't use gas detection.
 
Pyroban is a founding member of the Pioneer Safety Group of companies which provides safety solutions for businesses operating in hazardous or harsh environments all over the world.

Today, the company is instrumental in supporting businesses that need to operate with potentially explosive atmospheres while introducing electrification and automation into their operations, and supports emerging technologies such as hydrogen storage for hydrogen vehicles.

References

External links
Official homepage

Safety equipment
Cornelius XFG-1. The Cornelius XFG-1 was an American military fuel transporting towed glider, without a tailplane and with a forward-swept wing. Two were built but development ended in 1945.

Design and development
The Cornelius XFG-1, developed under the project designation MX-416 was an aerodynamically unusual aircraft intended for an unusual military role. George Cornelius had been experimenting with aircraft featuring differentially variable incidence since the 1920s.  His first two machines were otherwise conventional but the third, the Cornelius Mallard from 1943 was not, being without a horizontal tailplane and having low aspect ratio and strongly forward swept wings. Though very different in detail, the XFG-1 built on the Mallard experience.  A 1/4 scale model of  the XFG-1 was built for wind tunnel tests.

The FG in its designation stood for fuel glider and its role was as a fuel transport.  It was to be towed behind another aircraft rather like contemporary troop carrying gliders, but its two fuselage tanks held  of avgas.  Unlike other troop carrying gliders, e.g. Waco CG-4, the XFG-1 could be towed by modern bombers or transports at a cruise speed of . Proposals seem to have included a piloted tow version behind a large transport, the glider landing loaded on skids having jettisoned its wheels after takeoff; or a pilot-less version towed behind a B-29 bomber, disconnected and abandoned after fuel transfer was completed; the intent of the scheme being for the glider to act, essentially, as a giant, winged drop tank for extending the range of the towing aircraft.

The XFG-1 was a high-wing monoplane, its wing set far back towards its vertical stabilizer.  The wing was quite high aspect ratio and of modest forward sweep.  Though the earlier Cornelius aircraft had wings that had their incidence variable in the air, the incidence on the XFG-1 could only be adjusted on the ground, with two settings of 3˚ and 7˚.  There was no horizontal tail.  It had a simple fixed tricycle undercarriage and a conventional single seat cockpit; two examples of the type were built.

Operational history
Two prototypes were built (44-28059 and 44-28060) and 32 flights were made between them in 1944–45, although the first was lost to a spin, killing the pilot. On many of the flights, but not the fatal one, the pilot was Alfred Reitherman.  The fuel glider concept was abandoned at the end of World War II.

Specifications (XFG-1)

References

Further reading

External links
 

1940s United States military transport aircraft
1940s United States military gliders
Aircraft first flown in 1944
FG-1
Forward-swept-wing aircraft
Tailless aircraft
NV5 Geospatial Solutions. NV5 Geospatial Software develops products for the visualization, analysis, and management of geospatial imagery and scientific data. The company develops products such as IDL, ENVI, Jagwire, and Helios which are used in a variety of industries including defense and intelligence, environmental, engineering, aerospace, medical imaging, federal and civil governments, precision agriculture and academia worldwide.

History
The company's origin can be traced back to 1977 when David Stern was working at the University of Colorado on the Mariner Mars space probes. Stern developed a programming language called Mariner Mars Spectral Editor, which later evolved to IDL, Interactive Data Language, in order to supplement FORTRAN, specifically for data analysis and visualization. As his vision developed, Stern left the university and started working in his attic to improve the programming language. He incorporated Research Systems Inc. (RSI) and released IDL as a proprietary programming language for visualizing data. NASA Goddard Space Center and Ball Aerospace were among the company's early customers.

In 1994, the software package ENVI was released. Written in IDL, ENVI is the industry standard for image processing and analysis allowing GIS professionals, remote sensing scientists, and image analysts to extract information from geospatial imagery. RSI was acquired by Eastman Kodak as a wholly owned subsidiary in 2000. Four years later, RSI along with the Remote Sensing Systems division of Eastman Kodak, were sold to ITT Corporation and were renamed ITT Visual Information Solutions.

In 2011, ITT Corporation was divided into three standalone companies, and ITT Visual Information Solutions became part of Exelis Inc. along with ITT Defense and Information Solutions. ITT Visual Information Solutions was renamed again to the current Exelis Visual Information Solutions. Exelis Visual Information Solutions was purchased by Harris Corporation in 2015, becoming a subsidiary known as Harris Geospatial Solutions, Inc. In 2019, Harris Corporation merged with L3 Technologies, Inc. and became L3Harris Technologies, Inc. In 2023, NV5 Global, Inc. acquired L3Harris Geospatial Solutions, Inc., renaming it to NV5 Geospatial Software, Inc.

Products

IDL

IDL (Interactive Data Language) is a scientific programming language used in particular areas of science, such as astronomy, meteorology, and medical imaging, to create meaningful visualizations out of complex numerical data.

ENVI
ENVI is an off-the-shelf software program used to visualize, process and analyze geospatial imagery.

Jagwire
Jagwire is a data ingest, management, image exploitation, and information dissemination tool.

References

ITT Inc.
Remote sensing companies
GIS software companies
Geospatial intelligence organizations
Multiple Species Conservation Program. The Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) is a environmental organization based in San Diego County, California, that aims to preserve a network of habitat and open space, protecting biodiversity and enhancing the region's quality of life. 

The City of San Diego is one of several jurisdictions participating in the MSCP. The city has completed the planning effort to identify core biological resource areas targeted for conservation and has entered into an agreement with the federal and state wildlife agencies to ensure implementation of the resource conservation plan and habitat preserve. Current efforts of city MSCP staff largely focus on project review, preserve assembly, and biological monitoring.

External links
Official website

Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Environment of California
Andrasta-class submarine. Andrasta is a submarine design concept announced by the French shipbuilder DCNS in 2008. A development of the  and based on the previous SMX-23 concept, it is a smaller vessel optimised for shallow water operations.  DCNS advertising material for the ship concept, in a PDF document with a date-time stamp of 19 October 2008, includes information and digital illustrations that reveal the torpedo tube configuration and other details. The draught of the proposed submarine is apparent from the numbered depth markings shown on the hull in one of the illustrations.  It is designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as intelligence gathering and special operations.

This design evolved into the Scorpène 1000.

References

Submarine classes
Proposed ships
HSC Cecilia Payne. HSC Cecilia Payne is a high-speed ferry owned and operated by Baleària.  The vessel operates between Ciutadella de Menorca and Alcudia. The vessel is named after British–American astrophysicist Cecilia Payne. Between 1999 and 2018 she was operated by Irish Ferries as Jonathan Swift.

Design and construction
Cecilia Payne was constructed by Austal Ships in Henderson, Australia, at a cost IR£29million. The vessel was launched in February 1999 and was delivered to Dublin in May 1999, before entering service in July 1999.

The vessel is of a  catamaran design.

Power is provided by four Caterpillar 3618 diesel engines with a total output of 28,800 kW. The vessel employs four Kamewa waterjets for propulsion and has a service speed of 40 knots (75 km/h).

Jonathan Swift was designed to allow quick turnarounds at port. It is equipped with a bow door which allows vehicles to drive on at either end and drive straight off at the end of the journey. The vessel was able to use existing terminal facilities in both ports.

Service

Irish Ferries
The introduction of Jonathan Swift was delayed due to an industrial dispute between Irish Ferries and the trade union SIPTU, who represented seven officers that had been transferred from the company's conventional ferry operations to man the new high-speed ferry. These officers refused to operate the vessel at lower manning levels which had been proposed by Irish Ferries. Irish Ferries threatened to sell or charter Jonathan Swift if the issue was not resolved.

On its entry into service in July 1999, Jonathan Swift increased Irish Ferries' passenger capacity on the Dublin-Holyhead route by 73%, and its car capacity by 50%. The vessel has spent its entire career on this route, operating alongside the company's conventional ferries.

Balearia 
On 30 January 2018, Irish Continental Group announced that Jonathan Swift was to be sold to Balearia Eurolineas Maritimas S.A (Balearia) for a sum of €15.5m plus fees. The vessel was scheduled to be delivered to Balearia by the end of April 2018, in April 2018 it was renamed Cecilia Payne.

References

External links
 

Ferries of the United Kingdom
1999 ships
Ferries of Wales
High-speed craft
Individual catamarans