omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Claus Emmelmann. Claus Emmelmann (born November 29, 1959) is a German academic and scientist known for his works on laser technology and 3D printing. He has been a lecturer at Hamburg University of Technology since 2001.

Education and career 
Emmelmann studied mechanical engineering studies at Leibniz University Hannover in 1985. Along Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, he founded the Laser Zentrum Nord GmbH in 2006. In 2018, he transferred the LZN with its research team to the Institute for Addilltive Production Technologies (IAPT). Until 2020 he was the Institute Director of IAPT.

Emmelmann initiated the Scientific Innovation Prize (WIP) along with Rotary International Hamburg-Haake in 2020. He received the German Industry Innovation Award in 2014, and was nominated for the German Future Prize in 2015. He was honored as Hamburg's Person of the Year in 2016.

Publications 
Emmelmann has published over 600 national and international publications, and has an h-index of 30.

References 

Living people
1959 births
Academic staff of the Hamburg University of Technology
German engineers
German academics
German scientists
Emily B. Fox. Emily Beth Fox is an American data scientist and statistician, a professor of statistics at Stanford University, and an executive for drug discovery firm insitro. Her research applies Bayesian modeling of time series, Hierarchical Dirichlet processes, and Monte Carlo methods to problems in health and neuroscience.

Education and career
Fox majored in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating in 2004. She continued at MIT for a master's degree in 2005 and a Ph.D. in 2009, with the dissertation Bayesian Nonparametric Learning of Complex Dynamical Phenomena jointly supervised by Alan S. Willsky and John W. Fisher III.

After postdoctoral research at Duke University, she became an assistant professor of statistics in the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 2011. She moved to the University of Washington in 2012 as Amazon Machine Learning Assistant Professor in Statistics. She was promoted to associate professor and full professor in 2016 and 2020 respectively. From 2018 to 2021 she was also a distinguished engineer and lead of Health AI at Apple Inc.. In 2021 she moved to her present position as a professor of statistics at Stanford.

In 2024, drug discovery firm insitro announced that it had hired Fox to become senior vice president  of AI/machine learning.

Recognition
Fox was a Sloan Fellow from 2015 to 2017, and was a 2017 recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.

In 2024 she was named as a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, "for broad-ranging and highly impactful seminal work on large-scale Bayesian dynamic modeling, sparse network models, and related development of efficient computational algorithms for Bayesian inference, and for applications in health and the study of biomedicine. algorithms for Bayesian inference".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania faculty
University of Washington faculty
Stanford University faculty
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Somaliland Roads Development Authority. The Somaliland Roads Development Authority, also known as the Somaliland Road Authority () (shortened SRA, SRDA) is a government body responsible for the construction, maintenance and safety of Somaliland's national road network. The road authority was established during Somaliland's reconstruction after the conclusion of Somaliland's war of independence. The Road Authority is managed by Somaliland's Ministry of Transportation.

Overview 
The Somaliland Road Authority was officially established by presidential decree in March 2000. The SRA was established to create an operational body responsible for the construction and maintenance of Somaliland's 8,770 km road network. Road construction and maintenance is funded through fuel levies, road taxes as well as transport fees charged by the Somaliland government.

The Somaliland Road Authority together with subcontractors been responsible for mine-clearing operations all over Somaliland.

References 

Government of Somaliland
Armstrong process. The Armstrong process is used to refine titanium. Its output is particle-sized dust which can be sprayed into pattern-molds. It was patented in 1999. The output of this process has a "coral-like morphology", which differs from the traditional outputs like "spherical gas-atomized powder, mechanically crushed angular particles, or the titanium sponge morphology created during the Kroll process."

History
The Armstrong process was patented in 1999.

In 2016 a paper by MacDonald et al. told that the Armstrong powder was produced directly from the reduction of Titanium tetrachloride "in a continuous liquid loop", and cost only "11-24 USD/kg", or roughly an order of magnitude higher than the price of steel.

Description
The reducing agent for the Armstrong process is sodium, which is liquefied and introduced in a combined stream with titanium tetrachloride.
{TiCl4} + 4{Na} ->[98~^{\circ}\mathrm{C}]{Ti} + 4{NaCl}

References

Industrial processes
Metallurgical processes
Titanium processes
Materials science
1999 introductions
20th-century inventions
American inventions
Marc Thorpe. Marc Thorpe (9 November 1946 – 24 November 2023) was an American artist and designer known for creating the Robot Wars.

Early life and education 
Born in San Francisco, Thorpe studied at California State University, Hayward, and the University of California, Davis.

Career 
Earlier in his career, in 1974, Thorpe received a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship to develop "behavioral sculptures" involving trained dolphins at Marineland in Florida. The project resulted in the documentary Betty and Eva, which showcased the synchronized swimming patterns of the trained dolphins.

From 1979 to 1990, Thorpe worked at George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic, contributing to special effects in films such as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Return of the Jedi, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Dragonslayer, Poltergeist, Howard the Duck, and The Hunt for Red October.

In 1994, Thorpe launched the first Robot Wars competition in San Francisco, which featured battles between remote-controlled robots built by amateur and professional robot-builders. The concept later expanded to other U.S. cities and inspired television specials and a UK series that ran intermittently until 2018.

After leaving LucasToys in 1994, Thorpe managed Robot Wars events until 1997, when he lost creative control to Profile Records. He later held positions on the board of directors for Public Art Works in Marin County, worked as a mechanical engineer at Electronic Arts and RunBot.

Thorpe's creation of Robot Wars inspired a series of combat competitions on British television from 1998 to 2004 and again from 2016 to 2018, as well as the American series BattleBots, which has been airing since 2000.

References

1946 births
2023 deaths
Artists from San Francisco
University of California, Davis alumni
Gail J. Brown. Gail J. Brown is an American semiconductor physicist in the materials and manufacturing directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory.

Life 
Brown earned a B.S. and M.S. from Wright State University and Ph.D. at the University of Dayton.

As of 2008, Brown is a research leader and principal research physicist at the Air Force Research Laboratory in the materials and manufacturing directorate's survivability and sensor materials division, electronic and optical materials branch. She researches semiconductors. Her research contributes to fundamental physics and development of "quantum confined" or "quantum well" semiconductor hetero-structure materials for applications in high-performance infrared detectors. In 2007, Brown received the Meritorious Civilian Service Award for her leadership in coordinating a research project, which involved computational modeling and growth of the superlattice materials to initial device testing of the new materials system. Brown was advisor to the National Research Council and an adjunct professor at the center for quantum devices at Northwestern University.

As of 2008, Brown is a fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering and the American Physical Society.

References 

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wright State University alumni
University of Dayton alumni
Air Force Research Laboratory people
United States Air Force civilians
American women physicists
21st-century American physicists
21st-century American women scientists
Physicists from Ohio
Fellows of SPIE
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American quantum physicists
(NL)LCVP. The (NL)LCVP, which stands for (Netherlands) Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel, is a Dutch LCVP. The Royal Netherlands Navy currently operates twelve LCVP type Mk.V(C) as well as five LCUs for the Marine Corps.

(NL)LCVP type Mk.I 

Also known as LCA type Mark I, LCA Mark I or L 9510 type Mk I. These landing crafts were made of polyester and built between 1961 and 1964 by several Dutch shipyards. The polyester hull was built using the sandwich method that involved using layers of polyester. Furthermore, they were equipped with a Rolls Royce diesel engine that could produce 200 bhp and drive the schottel propeller to a maximum speed of 12 knots. The crafts were operated by a crew of three persons. Starting in 1983 they were replaced by the LCA Mark II.

Crafts

(NL)LCVP type Mk.II 

Also known as LCA Mark II or L 9530 type Mk II. The (NL)LCVP type Mk.II first entered service in 1984 and were made of polyester. They were equipped with a DAF DKS 1160/m turbo diesel engine that could produce 260 hp and drive the schottel propeller to a maximum speed of 11 knots. The crafs had a range of 220 miles and were equipped with a Racal-Decca 110 I band navigation radar and a FN FAL 7.62 mm machine gun. Each craft could carry 35 troops, a Land Rover or a BV 202E Snowcat. A first series of 6 ships was built, with a second series of another six planned. The second batch was eventually cancelled in favour of six (NL)LCVP type Mk.III.

Crafts

(NL)LCVP type Mk.III 

Also known as LCA Mark III or L 9536 type LCA Mk III. These crafts were an improved version of the LCA Mark II. They were made of polyester and ordered on 10 December 1988 at van der Giessen-de Noord. The Mark III was equipped with two diesel engines that could produce 750 hp and drive its two propellers to a maximum speed of 14 knots when fully loaded or 16.5 knots when lightly loaded. It could carry a platoon of marines, a Land Rover with trailer or 120 mm mortar, a max of 6600 kg of goods or a Bv 206 snowcat. The crafts had a range of 200 miles at 12 knots and were equipped with a Racal-Decca 110 I band navigation radar. As armament it had a single 7.62 machine gun.

Crafts

(NL)LCVP type Mk.V(C) 

The (NL)LCVP type Mk.V(C) were built as a replacement for the Mk.II and Mk.III. The contract for the construction and delivery of the twelve crafts were signed on 13 December 2006 with Damen Shipyards Gorinchem. They were built in Den Helder by Visser shipyard, with the first four being delivered by 2009 and the last eight by 2011. The design of the Mk.V(C) is based on the British LCVP Mk5.

Crafts

Replacement 
The Mk.V(C) will be replaced from 2025 onwards with 12 new LCVP's and 8 larger Littoral Craft Mobility (LCM).

See also 
 (NL)LCU
 Future of the Royal Netherlands Navy

Citations

References

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Landing craft
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Royal Netherlands Navy
Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Sodium hexafluoroantimonate. Sodium hexafluoroantimonate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula .

Synthesis
Sodium hexafluoroantimonate may be synthesised by oxidation of antimony trioxide with bromine trifluoride:

Or it may be formed by reaction of antimony and sodium fluorides:

Physical properties
Sodium hexafluoroantimonate forms colorless crystals, soluble in water. It crystallizes in the cubic Pa3 space group with unit cell dimension of a=0.820 Å.

Chemical properties
Sodium hexafluoroantimonate undergoes slow partial hydrolysis in aqueous solutions.

References 

Fluoro complexes
Antimonates
Sodium compounds
Fluorometallates
Glassmakers' symbol. The glassmaker's mark (rarely glassmaker's cross: ) is a symbol of glassmakers. It is a figure eight (infinity sign) over a sword or cross, illustrating a German glassmaker's saying: Es ist ein unendlich Kreuz, Glas zu machen ("it is an endless cross to make glass").

The symbol dates to 1948, when the magazine Glastechnischen Berichte displayed it on the cover. The figure eight was said to symbolize the material glass in its two phases, as a molten liquid on the left and as a non-crystalline solid on the right. In the transition between the two states, a metal sword, which stood for the glassmaker's pipe, was a sign of man's dominion over nature.

The German Technical Glass Society (Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft) and the Czech Glass Society (Česká sklářská společnost) use the glassmaker's mark as the symbol of their associations.

Sources
Friedrich Holl: Symbol für Glas, In: Friedrich Holl (Hrsg.): Die Poesie des Glases. Des Glases Lob – Der Arbeit Lied – Des Glases Geist, 3. Aufl., Zwiesel, 1983; 1. Aufl. 1966 auch: Werks-Kurznachrichten der Grazer Glasfabrik (Untertitel: „Der Motzer“), Nr. 60, Graz 1963, S. 1–56
Julius Broul: Das Symbol für Glas, In: Glass Science and Technology, Verlag der Deutschen glastechnischen Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main, 1999, Jg. 72, Heft 4, S. N39-N40, 
Marita Haller: „Das unendliche Kreuz der Glasmacher“ unterstützt die Glasaktivitäten der Region, Pressglas Korrespondenz, 2010/3, S. 316

References

Glass production
Alchemical symbols
Ronalds W. Gonzalez. Ronalds W. Gonzalez is an American-Venezuelan academic born in Barrio Bolívar, Acarigua, Portuguesa, Venezuela, in 1980. He is an associate professor in the Department of Forest Biomaterials at North Carolina State University. Professor Gonzalez is a global thought leader at the intersection of sustainability and alternative fibers, where he is developing ground-breaking scientific work to profile the carbon footprint of emerging fibers used in the hygiene tissue, packaging, and textiles industries.

Scientific Work 
Prof. Gonzalez works focus on improving the understanding of how to profile fibers related to their sustainability.  In 2021 he co-established the major global research center focusing in sustainable and alternative fibers. He has also contributed to research on valorization of waste materials, including biomass conversion. and technoeconomic analysis. He is a co-editor of the Journal Forest, and a consultant for the hygiene tissue and personal care industry. He is a regular instructor at Boku University, Austria, since 2019, and invited lecturer at Aalto University, Finland, 2024, in the subject of techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment. He has also served as a consultant for the United States International Trade Commission.

Prof. Gonzalez is the Director of Conversion, Economics & Sustainability (ConEcSus) and the SAFI Consortium. He received the Best Research Award from the American Cleaning Institute in 2023, the Chancellor Innovation Fund Award, and was named Faculty Scholar at NC State University in 2019. Additionally, he received the Best Presentation Award from the Associação Brasileira Técnica de Celulose e Papel in 2019.

SAFI collaborates with institutions and companies such as the BioProducts Institute at the University of British Columbia, Auburn University, Georgetown University, private companies (Familia, WestRock, Valmet, Cascades, Adidas, Unilever, Mercer, Kimberly-Clark, Rayonier Advanced Materials, Procter & Gamble, CMPC, Suzano, Eastman, Essity, International Paper, PSF, Genera Energy, Andritz, Treeco, Nalco Water, Tech Trade, Red Leaf Pulp, National Bamboo, Caboo), federal agencies (Sun Grant Initiative, USDA), and non-profit organizations (Rockefeller Foundation, Climate Breakthrough, and Canopy).

References

External links 

Living people
1980 births
People from Acarigua
Fakhruddin Valika. Fakhruddin Valibhai Valika (died 1973) was a Pakistani industrialist who led the Valika Group, which had subsidiaries such as Valika Cement, Valika Steel now known as Peoples Steel, Valika Chemicals, Valika Textile, and Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited until the nationalisation of major industries in Pakistan.

Fakhruddin Valika was born into a business family in Bombay, part of Dawoodi Bohra community.

Career
In 1947, Valika setup the first textile mill of Pakistan near Metroville, Karachi. It was inaugurated by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

In 1959, Valika founded the United Insurance Company of Pakistan which was later listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange.

In 1972, Valika Cement, Valika Chemicals, Valika Steel, and later Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited were nationalised with compensation. After the nationalisation of Valika Group companies, Fakhruddin Valika was arrested by the Bhutto government and the event was shown live on the television.

Valika was a founding member of the Karachi Stock Exchange. He was one of the patrons of cricket and field hockey in Pakistan. He also established several charitable organizations.

See also
 Najmuddin Valika

References

1973 deaths
Pakistani industrialists
Pakistani prisoners and detainees
Dawoodi Bohras
Paul Azunre. Paul Azunre is a Ghanaian-American AI researcher and entrepreneur focused on advanced AI and optimization technologies. Azunre is the founder of Algorine, a research lab focused on advanced AI and optimization technologies.  He is also the founder of Ghana NLP, an open source natural language processing initiative focused on Ghanaian languages.

Early life and education 
Azunre attended Opoku Ware School. He then proceeded to Swarthmore College for his undergraduate Education, where he studied Engineering and Economics. He obtained a PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

References 

1984 births
Living people
Beatriz García Vasallo. Beatriz García Vasallo (scientific name: B. G. Vasallo or B. García-Vasallo) is a Spanish professor, researcher, and scientist communicator. She serves as an associate professor in the area of Electronics in the Department of Applied Physics at the University of Salamanca (USAL).

Her contributions to the scientific field focus on the modelling and the characterization of  III-V devices, as well as noise modelling in neuromorphic systems. She has participated in several academic events and scientific popularization festivals such as the Pint of Science.  Additionally, she has authored various publications on topics related to Physics and Chemistry for general audiences, such as in the newspaper Current Pamplona, and on the publishing platform The Conversation.

Biography 
She graduated with a degree in physics from the University of Salamanca in 2000 and received her PhD in 2005, earning the extraordinary doctorate award from the same university. She conducted a research stay at the Institut d'Electronique, of Microélectronique et of Nanotechnologies (IEMN), France for two years, where she completed her postdoctoral studies.

Since 2018, she has been an Associated Professor at the University of Salamanca in the department of Applied Physics. She is a member of the NANO-ELEC research group, which focuses on high-frequency nanoelectronic devices at the University of Salamanca.

Her research papers primarily investigate the static, dynamic and noise behavior of III-V semiconductors devices using Monte Carlo models. In recent years, her scientific interest have extended to applying typical semiconductor models to study ion transport across biological membranes for bio-inspired semiconductor applications.

Research and Academic Activity 
She has authored or co-authored over 30 scientific articles and 55 conference papers, 20 of which have been peer-reviewed, and has contributed to one book. She has also participated in several research projects funded by various institutions, including the European Commission, the Ministry of Education and Science, and the Junta de Castilla y León.

In her teaching activities, she received an overall rating of excellent in the Docentia program (2021–2022). She has also engaged in scientific dissemination activities, including Pint of Science (2018) and +Physical seminars organized by the local section of the Spanish Royal Physics  Physics Society (2023). She served as deputy director of University Extension at the Polytechnic School of Zamora (University of Salamanca) between 2016 and 2020.

References

External links 
 NANO-ELEC

Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
Spanish women physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Potassium hexafluoroaluminate. Potassium hexafluoroaluminate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula . It naturally occurs as the mineral cryolite.

Synthesis
Potassium hexafluoroaluminate can be obtained by reacting fluoroaluminic acid (obtained by the reaction of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and aluminum hydroxide) with potassium hydroxide at high temperature, followed by filtering, drying, melting, and crushing.

Physical characteristics
Potassium hexafluoroaluminate appears as a white to light grey powder, and is slightly soluble in water.

It forms colorless crystals of the tetragonal system, space group I41/a.

Uses
Potassium hexafluoroaluminate is used as a welding agent.

It is also used in the production of pesticides, manufacture of glassware and enamel industry, in addition to being a solvent for the bauxite in the electrical manufacture of aluminum.

References 

Fluoro complexes
Aluminates
Potassium compounds
Fluorometallates