omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Jackson (inventor). William Jackson (29 June 1849 - 15 June 1915) was a British mechanical engineer and inventor of tea-rolling machines, tea driers, tea leaf sorters, and other machinery used in the processing of tea for shipment and final use by consumers.  His inventions revolutionized the tea industry in Assam and Ceylon and allowed those regions to compete successfully with China in the economical production of tea.

Jackson was born at Keith Hall, Aberdeenshire. In 1872, when Jackson began inventing tea processing machinery, the cost of tea production in India was 11 pence a pound. By 1913, improved machinery had cut the cost to 3 pence a pound. Eight thousand rolling machines took care of the tea which previously would have called for the hand work of a 1.5 million local plantation workers.
 
When tea was first cultivated on plantations, the leaf was rolled by hand, dried over charcoal fires, and trampled into the chests by the workers’ feet. Jackson ushered in the new era of scientific preparation of the leaf in sanitary surroundings with meticulous attention to hygienic requirements.

Jackson died in Aberdeen, aged 65. He left half of his estate, about £20,000 (£2.1M in 2017 figures), to whatever charities the Indian Tea Association might choose.

References

External links
 "The advent of machinery," by James Norwood Pratt, 27 May 2008
 "A Proper Cup of Tea:  The Making of a British Beverage," by Rachel M. Banks, 2016

1849 births
1915 deaths
Scottish mechanical engineers
Scottish inventors
People from Inverurie
Jock Freedman. Earle "Jock" Freedman is a retired bridge engineer and the State of Maryland's "longest-serving" employee. Freedman, affectionately known as "Jock", began his career at age 19 in 1950 following graduation from Johns Hopkins University. For over 65 years, Freedman designed and maintained over 2,500 bridges for the Maryland State Highway Administration. Freedman is generally recognized as one of the "foremost bridge engineers" in the country. Freedman oversaw the design and construction of the Naval Academy Bridge that crosses the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. The first competition of its kind, Freedman created a design contest in which a collection of engineers would consider and evaluate various design submissions without knowledge of who designed the plans. Freedman toured the site with Governor William Donald Schaefer who shared Freedman's belief of bridges that incorporated scenic and aesthetic features. In 2004, the state of Maryland honored Freedman by "putting his name on a new bridge carrying Reisterstown Road over the Beltway." Freedman received the 2016 AASHTO Alfred E. Johnson Achievement Award for his "outstanding contribution in engineering."

References

1931 births
Living people
American bridge engineers
Scientists from Baltimore
Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology. Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology is a central government funded engineering college, one of the 35 GFTIs under Ministry of the Education located in the Malda district of West Bengal, India. Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone on March 16, 2013, Government of India earmarked an initial outlay of ₹97 crore. Initially Union Govt appointed National Institute of Technology, Durgapur as a mentor institute for The institution. The institute is affiliated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology for awarding a bachelor's degree in engineering.

The founding director of the institute was Prof. Parameswara Rao Alapati, Distinguished Professor of Physics from North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Arunachal Pradesh. Present director of the institute is Prof. Siby John who was also a Professor Civil Engineering and former Dean at Punjab Engineering College.

Organisation and administration 

This Government Funded Technical Institutes is managed by a governing council headed by the Secretary of Dept. of Higher Education, Govt. of India which is the supreme decision making body for the institute. The Governing Council consists of scientists, academics, and professors from proximate institutions.

Academics

Academic programs
Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology offers instruction in the engineering disciplines and awards the Bachelor of Technology degrees. This college offers undergraduate (B.Tech.) degree courses in.

Admission
Admission in undergraduate B.Tech degree courses is mainly based on the result of West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination (WBJEE) and All India JEE (Main), respectively. 50% of the approved seats are filled from WBJEE examination and the rest from the All India JEE (Main).

For diploma programs, the aspirants have to qualify West Bengal JEXPO or GKCIET entrance test.

See also
 Joint Seat Allocation Authority
 Government Funded Technical Institutes
 List of institutes funded by the government of India
 Universities and colleges of West Bengal
 List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal

References

External links

University Grants Commission
National Assessment and Accreditation Council

Engineering colleges in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in Malda district
Educational institutions established in 2010
2010 establishments in West Bengal
Rachel Davidson. Rachel A. Davidson is an American civil engineer and professor in the Disaster Research Center at the University of Delaware.
She is known for her research on natural disaster risk modeling, disaster risk management and civil infrastructure systems. She is a winner of the Dorothy Swanson Excellence in Teaching Award and a nominee for the Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize.
She was the president of Society for Risk Analysis (2010-2011).

See also
Fire safety

References

External links 
 Rachel A. Davidson at University of Delaware

American civil engineers
American structural engineers
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Princeton University alumni
University of Delaware faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ava 4A. The Ava 4A was a low power flat-four (boxer engine) developed for very light aircraft in France in the 1930s. It was used by several prototypes and at least one production series.

Design and development

Marcel Violet was a French racing driver who designed his own two-cylinder, two-stroke engines. He also designed a two stroke horizontally opposed flat-four, which was built under licence at L'agence general moteurs "Ava" by Jean Aubry of the Société J. Thibault, G Aubry et Cie, alloy metal specialists, as the Ava 4A. It only produced  and was intended to power small, low cost, single seat aircraft, replacing the aging Anzanis and completing with the French Mengin Type B and the older British Bristol Cherub engines.

The Ava 4A was on display at the November 1936 Paris Salon. It powered several prototypes and also the forty-six examples of the  series production variant of the Farman Moustique, the F.451.

Variants
Ava 4A-00 , as described.
Ava 4A-02 Identical to 4A-00 except for  bore and increased compression, giving  continuous power. Weight .

Applications
Carmier T.10
Dart Pup
Dart Kitten
Druine D.30 Turbulent
Farman Moustique
Jodel D.98 Bébé
Mignet HM-14 Pou du Ciel
SFAN II
Starck AS90 New Look
Tipsy S

Survivors

A 4A-00 survives in a private collection and is sometimes exhibited on loan.

Specifications (4A-00)

References

Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
1930s aircraft piston engines
Boxer engines
TREKOL. TREKOL () is a Moscow, Russia based designer and manufacturer of large all terrain amphibious vehicles/swamp buggies. Trekol is an abbreviation for «ТРанспорт ЭКОЛогический» or Transport Environmentally. TREKOL is a Limited liability company ( (OOO)).

Products

Trekol manufactures the following wheeled ATV's
 TREKOL Trophy - 4x4 based on UAZ 2206
 TREKOL-39294 - 6x6 with a fiberglass body
 TREKOL-39295 -6x6 pickup truck with a fiberglass body
 TREKOL-39041 - 4x4 based on the UAZ-31514
 TREKOL-39445 - fiberglass body 4x4 based on rebodied UAZ Hunter
 TREKOL-39446 - fiberglass body pickup truck variant of 39445
 TREKOL-AGRO - 4x4 fitted with agricultural equipment
 TREKOL-Forester-D (LIGHT) - 4x4 open body 
 TREKOL-Woodman - 4x4
 TREKOL Forester-M - large 4x4 
 TREKOL Forester-M North - large 4x4 for Arctic use
 TREKOL 8901-trailer - single axle trailer 
 TREKOL Ambulance - 6x6 ambulance on 39294 base

References

External links
 Official page

Truck manufacturers of Russia
Car manufacturers of Russia
Russian brands
Companies based in Moscow Oblast
HMS Recruit (1916). HMS Recruit was an R-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the First World War. She was sunk by a German U-boat four months after she was commissioned in April 1917.

Description
The Admiralty R class were enlarged versions of the preceding  fitted with geared steam turbines. They displaced  at normal load. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . Recruit was powered by a single Parsons geared steam turbine that drove two propeller shafts using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers. The turbines developed a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave them a range of  at . The ships' complement was 80 officers and ratings.

The Admiralty Rs were armed with three single QF  Mark IV guns. One gun was positioned on the forecastle; the second was on a platform between the funnels and the third at the stern. They were equipped with a single QF 2-pounder () "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun, on a platform between the two rotating twin mounts for  torpedoes amidships.

Construction and career
Recruit was ordered under the Sixth War Programme from William Doxford & Sons. The ship was laid down at the company's Sunderland shipyard at an unknown date, launched on 28 October 1916 and commissioned in April 1917.

In May 1917 the vessel was assigned to the Tenth Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Harwich Force. The destroyer was sunk by a torpedo from the submarine  on 9 August 1917 in the North Sea  north of the Noord Hinder lightvessel, with 53 crewmen lost.

References

Bibliography

Ships built on the River Wear
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
R-class destroyers (1916)
1916 ships
Stanford Extended ASCII. Stanford Extended ASCII (SEASCII) is a derivation of the 7-bit ASCII character set developed at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL/SU-AI) in the early 1970s. Not all symbols match ASCII.

Carnegie Mellon University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Southern California also had their own modified versions of ASCII.

Character set
Each character is given with a potential Unicode equivalent.

See also
Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL/SU-AI)
Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language (SAIL)
Stanford/ITS character set

References

Further reading 

 (NB. Shows a table of SEASCII differing in a few code points from that described in RFC 698.)

External links 

SEASCII

Computer-related introductions in the 1970s
Jack Engle. Jack Engle (June 16, 1920 – November 14, 2008) was a Canadian-born American hot rodder, camshaft grinder, and engine builder.

History 
Engle was born in Regina, Saskatchewan in 1920, to parents who were American citizens. He was an only child. His father, Ed Engle a construction contractor, moved the family to Santa Monica, California, a few years later. Engle attended Venice High School, then Santa Monica City College.

Engle's first car was a 1926 Chevrolet, fitted with an Oldsmobile cylinder head (a simple, common conversion at the time), which he bought in 1937. He went to work for North American Aviation as a machinist, and was drafted into the United States Navy, where he did maintenance work on the Packard 4M-2500 engines of PT boats, aboard a PT boat tender in the Philippine Islands. In 1941 Jack had a Model A on T rails with a Cragar headed 4 cyl supercharged B engine that he went 113 MPH and 7.9 seconds in the flying quarter mile 1 week before Pearl Harbor attack. Jack also made a cam grinder from a bench top lathe, a tool post grinder and a home made rocking table where he started grinding cams in 1941 before the war in his father's garage located in Venice CA.

When the war ended, he went back to NAA, but developed a sideline. By 1947, Engle was setting out on his own. working on car engines opening an engine machine shop in the back of his fathers Radio/TV store in Santa Monica. Starting with those of fellow members of his Santa Monica car club, the Low Flyers, which included Stu Hilborn (Hilborn Fuel Injection). Jim Travers, Frank Coon (Traco) Phil Remington (Shelby, All American Racers) Howard Wilson, and dozens more.  Jack bought a Landis cam grinding machine and his experimentation led to the cam interest overtaking the engine machine shop services, so he evolved into Engle Racing Cams 1950.  Jack was able to grind cams for Oldsmobiles that would out run the Chryslers on the dragstrip which really put him on the map,  Engle became one of the premiere go to cam grinders and was involved throughout his lifetime in development of all things related to making power, from everything automotive, marine, even aircraft.  Countless records, championships, and milestones were made using Jack Engle's camshafts and components.

By 2004, Engle was semi-retired, still living in Santa Monica, leaving his sons to make most of the business decisions.

Private life 
In 1949, Engle married a local waitress named Ona, who worked across the street from his shop. He has two sons:  Doug,  and Mark. They ran Engle Cams until 2009 when the business was sold.

Notes 

1920 births
Dragster drivers
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Businesspeople from Saskatchewan
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
People from Santa Monica, California
2008 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Robert Middlemiss. Robert Middlemiss (January 8, 1935 – May 28, 2010) was an engineer and politician from Quebec, who served in the Robert Bourassa and Daniel Johnson Jr. governments.

Biography
Middlemiss was born in Aylmer, Quebec to William Middlemiss, a civil servant, and Imelda Cardinal. He studied at the University of Ottawa and McGill University, obtaining a Bachelor of Applied Science from the latter institution in 1961. He worked as a geotechnical engineer from 1961 to 1981.

Political career
From 1970 until 1979, Middlemiss was an elected alderman for Aylmer. In 1981, his friend Michel Gratton convinced him to be a Liberal candidate in Pontiac, a newly reformed riding that now included the territory of Aylmer.

Being born of an anglophone father and a French-speaking mother, he had the advantage of being equally at ease in both communities. On his first attempt, in 1981, he was elected easily; however, the Liberal Party under leader Claude Ryan formed the opposition. Middlemiss was re-elected four times and never faced a serious challenge in the heavily federalist riding, only once dipping below 50% in 1989 due to the English-speaking minority rights Equality Party challenging the Liberal Government over the invocation of the notwithstanding clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms  to override a Supreme Court of Canada ruling overturning parts of the Charter of the French Language.

In 1985, the Liberals regained power with Robert Bourassa at the head of the party. However, Middlemiss did not enter the Cabinet until 1989. He was named Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. On October 5, 1990, he became Minister of Transport, and on January 11, 1994, when Bourassa was replaced by the short-lived government of Daniel Johnson Jr., he was appointed Minister of Public Safety.

Final years

Middlemiss did not run for re-election in 2003. He died in Gatineau, Quebec from cancer on May 28, 2010.

References

External links
Robert Middlemiss National Assembly of Québec Biography

1935 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Quebec
Geotechnical engineers
McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Quebec municipal councillors
Politicians from Gatineau
20th-century members of the National Assembly of Quebec
21st-century members of the National Assembly of Quebec
BGUSAT. BGUSAT was an Israeli research CubeSat built by the IAI and Ben Gurion University.

Mission
BGUSAT was a research satellite designed to explore atmospheric and weather phenomena in infra-red wavelengths, analyzing atmospheric gaseous contents and atmospheric glow. As a student research satellite, it allowed the students to gain experience with the development and integration of a nano-satellite.

Satellite
The satellite was a basic 3U CubeSat (30 x 10 x 10 cm) with a mass of about 5 kg.
The onboard computer was a GR712RC designed by Ramon Chips and Cobham Gaisle.

The camera payload was a small camera, working in the wavelength of IR and NIR 1.7 - 1.55 .
The ground station was operated by the researchers and students of Ben Gurion University.

History
Originally called NEGEVSAT, the project started as a Ben Gurion University student project in 2008. Originally planned as a 1U CubeSat (10 x 10 x 10 cm) the satellite was planned in conjunction of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences. The students worked on the design of the altitude and control system, the power system and ground station operations. After a few years, the project was put on hold due to lack of funding.

By 2013, the BGUSAT project was restarted. With the donation of Rachel and Max Javit from Connecticut, the satellite's design evolved to a 3U CubeSat  (30x10x10 cm) with a small Earth observation camera. The donation allowed also for a small GPS and communication device and initial ground station operations. Collaboration with IAI to use their CubeSat bus platform and a new on board computer.

In addition, a sum of 1 Million NIS was dedicated by the Israeli Space Agency for research and image processing of the images received from the satellite.

BGUSAT was successfully launched on February 15, 2017, 03:58 UTC on PSLV-C37 on a record-breaking launch which released 104 satellites. The Israeli DIDO-2 nano-satellite was also launched in the same launch.

BGUSAT decayed from orbit on February 24, 2023.

Mission patch
The mission patch was designed by Tal Inbar and Igal Gabai to look like the silhouette of the head of David Ben-Gurion, surrounded by an orange lining representing the Negev area. The satellite watches the Earth and Israel, while the blue glow represents the atmospheric studies. The constellation Columba (Dove in Hebrew) is shown representing peace as well as the launch date, February, in which Columba is clearly seen over the Israeli skies. The Israeli flag, Ben Gurion University's logo and the Israeli space agency's logos are clearly seen.

See also

 2017 in spaceflight

References

External links 
 BGUSAT website at Ben Gurion University website
 BGUSAT on Guther's Space Page

Earth observation satellites of Israel
Israel Aerospace Industries satellites
Spacecraft launched in 2017
Spacecraft which reentered in 2023
2017 in Israel
Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets
Liu Sifeng. Liu Sifeng (; born 15 July 1955) is a Chinese systems engineer.  He was the director of the Institute for Grey Systems Studies at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.  He is best known for his work on grey system theory.

Education and career
Liu obtained his BE in Mathematics from Henan University in 1981, then his MS in Economics (1986) and PhD in Systems Engineering (1998) from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.  He was the doctoral student of Julong Deng, the founder of grey system theory.

Liu was appointed as a lecturer at Henan University in 1985.  He was promoted through the ranks, reaching full professor in 1994.  In 2000, he moved as a distinguished professor  to Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, where he also serves as director of the Institute for Grey Systems Studies.  In 2014, he worked as a research professor  at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK.

Liu is the editor-in-chief of Grey Systems: Theory and Application, and of the Journal of Grey System.

In 2013, he became the Fellow of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions.

Awards and honors
Liu is an honorary fellow of the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics, and an honorary editor of "International Journal of Grey Systems" (USA).  German Chancellor Angela Merkel mentioned Liu's contributions to grey system theory in a 2019 speech at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. In 2023, he received the Global Excellence Award from the Grey Systems Society of Pakistan.

Books

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
Chinese mathematicians
Academics of De Montfort University
Academic staff of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni
Henan University alumni
Haifa–Nazareth Light Rail. The Haifa–Nazareth Light Rail, known officially as Nofit (), is a tram-train system under construction in northern Israel, going from HaMifrats Central railway station in Haifa to Nazareth. The system is slated to open in 2027 and have a daily ridership of 100,000 passengers.

History
The initial proposal and planning for the line were made as early as 2007. Plans were submitted by Haifa's development company Yefe Nof and approved by the National Planning Committee in February 2017. Further planning and construction will be managed by the Cross–Israel Highway company. It is to be constructed in two stages. The first stage involves civil engineering works to build the necessary infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and parking facilities, while the second stage, which will be done under a public-private partnership, will involve the installation of railway infrastructure, track laying, and the procurement of rolling stock. Construction works on the line began in January 2021. Two tenders have been published for the construction of tunnels and bridges. 6 companies have passed the pre-qualification stage for the tender to build and operate the line.

Route
The inter-city route will start at the HaMifrats Central railway station in Haifa, continue through northern Kiryat Ata and go along Highway 79 from Somekh Interchange to the end of the highway in Reineh. It will end on Ma'aleh Yitzhak Street in Nof HaGalil, where the urban section will start. The urban section will continue through Nof HaGalil by way of Ma'aleh Yitzhak, and terminate in central Nazareth. Eight interurban stations will be built: two in Haifa (HaMifrats Central railway station and Vulcan Junction), three in Kiryat Ata, as well as one each in Shefa-'Amr, the Yiftachel Interchange, the northern entrance of Nazareth, and an area adjacent to Reineh and Mashhad. Two municipal stations will be built, one in Nof HaGalil and the other in Nazareth.

Development along the route
Up to nine park and ride facilities will be built along the route.

Possible expansions
An expansion to the Krayot has been proposed, going along Highway 22, to serve the neighbourhoods constructed in the 2010s in Kiryat Bialik.

Specifications
The train will travel at up to  on the inter-city section, and up to  on the urban section. There will be 20 stations, ten inter-city and nine urban. The system's depot will be in Kiryat Ata. The line is expected to serve 12,000 daily passengers when it opens. The cost of construction is expected to be ILS 6.4 billion.
The length of the line will be 41km.

References

External links
 Project description at the Cross Israel Company
 Description at the Yefe Nof website 

Rail transport in Israel
Proposed railway lines in Israel