omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paxman Viper. The Paxman Viper is a Canadian homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Elbert Paxman and produced by Paxman's Northern Aircraft of Glenwood, Alberta, introduced in 1994. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Viper was designed for the Canadian advanced ultralight category. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft airframe is made from wood, covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is a  Suzuki automotive conversion powerplant.

The Viper has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with a  engine is  and the landing roll is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 500 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that one kit had been sold, was completed and flying.

In January 2014 one example was registered with Transport Canada.

Specifications (Viper)

References

External links
Photo of the prototype Viper on display at Oshkosh, 1996

Viper
1990s Canadian sport aircraft
1990s Canadian ultralight aircraft
1990s Canadian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
RRG Urubu Obs. The RRG Urubu Obs (the Urubu is an Argentinian Vulture), often known just as the RRG Obs, was a one-off, large, two or three seat glider designed for meteorological observations by Alexander Lippisch in Germany and first flown in 1932.

Design and development
In 1931 Professor Walter Georgii, an academic meteorologist and head of the Rhön-Rossitten Gesellschaft (RRG) asked Alexander Lippisch to design a glider for meteorological research. In addition to the pilot, space was required for two observers or, more usually, one with a variety of meteorological instruments, so the Urubu Obs had to be a large glider.

Its wooden high gull wing had a rectangular centre section, occupying about 20% of the overall  span and mounted with marked dihedral.  On each side a pair of rearwards leaning N-form lift struts braced the end of this section to the lower fuselage longeron.  The outer panels had no dihedral and were strongly straight tapered, with a taper ratio of 1:4.7, though the trailing edges were unswept.  They were also strongly tapered in thickness. Its large area wing and consequent low wing loading meant the Obs flew slowly. The thin,  narrow chord wing tips carried endplate fins; like those on some of Lippisch's Storch tailless gliders, these carried rudders that were coupled to the conventional rear rudder, assisting it and allowing the Obs to have a short fuselage.  The trailing edge of each outer panel carried three equal span ailerons.  The outer one, together with that on the other wing, acted as differential ailerons but the inner pair also served as camber changing flaps.  There is some doubt whether or not the wing was fitted with inboard upper surface airbrakes; these may have been added as a result of test flying.

The Obs had a rectangular section, steel tube framed,  fabric covered fuselage.  Its cockpit, under a multi-piece canopy was ahead of the forward wing root fairing; the wing was carefully merged into the fuselage, with root extensions at both leading and trailing edges.  The meteorologists' cabin was under the wing where the fuselage width was , with both side and roof windows. Both the pilot and observers entered via a detachable hood; cabin and cockpit were connected via a door.  Below them were a side-by-side pair of fixed, semi-recessed landing wheels.  The fuselage tapered to the tail, where a short, narrow fin carried a broad chord, triangular, blunt apexed balanced rudder that extended to the keel.  Its mass balanced, all-moving tailplane was mounted on inverted V-form struts from its mid-span, forward underside to the lower fuselage, placing it above the fuselage with its leading edge just ahead of the fin.

After flying at the Wasserkuppe in 1932 with the aid of powerful tug aircraft, it was moved to Darmstadt to commence its intended meteorological observations.  It was on view at a meteorological conference in Munich in 1934.

Specifications

References

1930s German sailplanes
High-wing aircraft
Gull-wing aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering. The Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering () also known as Oniris or  Oniris Nantes, is a French educational institution. It operates under the supervision of the ministry of Agriculture. It opened on 1 January 2010 in Nantes, in the Pays de la Loire region.

Oniris was the result of the fusion of the National Veterinary School of Nantes, established in 1979, and of the National School of Agri-Food Engineering of Nantes, established in 1974.

It is one of four French national colleges training veterinary surgeons. It also trains agri-food engineers.

References

Veterinary schools in France
2010 establishments in France
Marshite. Marshite (CuI) is a naturally occurring isometric halide mineral with occasional silver (Ag) substitution for copper (Cu). Solid solution between the silver end-member miersite and the copper end-member marshite has been found in these minerals from deposits in Broken Hill, Australia. The mineral's name is derived from the person who first described it, an Australian mineral collector named Charles W. Marsh. Marsh drew attention to native copper iodide (Marshite) in the 1800s emphasizing its natural occurrence, it is not to be confused with copper (I) iodide a substance commonly synthesized in laboratory settings.

One of marshite's distinguishing features is that prior to exposure to air the mineral is a faint honey-yellow color, once exposed to the air however it becomes a brick-red color. Another characteristic useful in identifying marshite is the dark red color it fluoresces under short-wave (SW) and long-wave (LW) ultraviolet light.

Geologic occurrence
The type locality of marshite is a metamorphosed Lead-Zinc-Silver ore deposit at Broken Hill, Yancowinna County, New South Wales, Australia. Some of marshite's common mineral associations at this locality include wad, limonite, native copper, cuprite, and cerussite.

Marshite occurs naturally in geologic supergene deposits at Chuquicamata, Chile which are heavily mined for copper. Additional research on the rocks and minerals from this area show that iodine isotopes found in minerals, such as marshite, and soils can be used to understand the processes that formed the supergene deposit.

In addition to multiple occurrences in Australia and Chile, marshite has been found and reported in Finland, Germany, Russia, and South Africa. At the Rubtsovsky locality in Altai Krai, Russia marshite is found associated with other iodine-rich halide minerals such as miersite in a base metal deposit. Marshite is found in the silver deposit mined at the Albert Silver Mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa associated with various silver-rich minerals.

References

Bibliography
Palache, P.; Berman H.; Frondel, C. (1960). "Dana's System of Mineralogy, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. (Seventh Edition)" John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 20–22.

Halide minerals
R2D2 (disambiguation). R2-D2 is a fictional robot in the Star Wars franchise.

R2-D2 or R2D2 may also refer to:

 R2d2 (mouse gene)
 Right 2 Dream Too, a homeless people's organization in Portland, Oregon, US
 Phalanx CIWS, a naval defensive weapon system, nicknamed R2-D2
 Staatstrojaner, a German state-sponsored trojan horse computer program, nicknamed R2-D2
Queensland Railways 2450 class. The 2450 class was a class of diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Eagle Farm for Queensland Railways in 1979–1980.

History
The 2450 class were an evolution of the 2400 class. They differed in having air-conditioning, aluminium cabinet doors and upgraded generators.

Between 1999 and 2002, seventeen were rebuilt as 2300 class locomotives at Redbank Railway Workshops.

References

Clyde Engineering locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Queensland
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1979
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Queensland Railways 2470 class. The 2470 class is a class of diesel locomotives built by Clyde Engineering, Eagle Farm for Queensland Railways between 1980 and 1983.

History
The 2470 class were an evolution of the 2450 class. They differed in having lighter alternators and smaller fuel tanks. A 2470 class was built by Clyde Engineering for the Townsville Harbour Board, this was later sold to Queensland Rail and renumbered as 2507.

Between 2000 and 2002, six were rebuilt as 2300 class locomotives at Redbank Railway Workshops.

References

Clyde Engineering locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Queensland
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1980
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Wayne State University College of Engineering. The Wayne State University College of Engineering is the engineering college of Wayne State University, a public research university in Detroit, Michigan. With more than 29,000 alumni, it is one of the largest engineering colleges in Michigan. Founded in 1933, the College of Engineering has grown to include a variety of programs ranging from civil engineering, biomedical engineering and many others. It is located on Wayne State's main campus in Detroit in a building shared with the Danto Engineering Development Center. The current dean of engineering is Ali Abolmaali.

History
The Wayne State  University College of Engineering had its unofficial beginning in 1920, when co-founder Ernest Drake began teaching the first engineering courses that were a part of the university's chemistry program. Professors Arthur R. Carr and Drake officially founded the college in 1933 and began with only four disciplines: chemical, electrical, mechanical and civil engineering. The classes and the offices were in the Old Main building and several old houses within the neighborhood. By 1937, the college grew to 632 full-time students, with 24 faculty members. To date the College of Engineering has expanded to comprise 135 full-time faculty and 3,493 undergraduate and graduate students.

Academics
The college offers the bachelor of science, master of science, and doctorate of philosophy degrees in many engineering disciplines. It also offers graduate certificates and other non-degree programs.

In fall 2020, the College of Engineering enrolled 3,368 students, including 2,408 full-time students and 960 part-time students. This comprised 2,561 undergraduate students and 807 graduate students. In 2019-20, the college awarded 895 degrees and certificates.

References

College of Engineering
Engineering universities and colleges in Michigan
Engineering schools and colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges in Detroit
Universities and colleges established in 1933
1933 establishments in Michigan
Zhongmei. Jiangxi Zhongmei Engineering Construction is a Chinese construction and engineering firm in the construction fields of roads, housing, public works, urban rail, mines, and hydropower as well as the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment and geological exploration.  In overseas projects it is active in Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Togo, Namibia and  Zambia.  With 2012 revenue of $367 million from international projects, it was listed in 2013 by Engineering News-Record as the 164th largest international project contractor.

It is the construction contractor in two Kenyan road projects that are designed as part of a development plan for a multi-country corridor.  In 2009 it was awarded by the Kenya National Highways Authority in a project funded by African Development Bank to build the Marsabit-Turbi road, which will form a segment of a link between Addis Ababa and Mombasa.  The road is also a segment in the much far reaching Cairo – Cape Town Highway.

It was again awarded by the Kenya National Highways Authority in 2012 a contract, this time to develop the Webuye-Kitale highway, a project worth 3.3 billion Kenyan shillings.   The World Bank funded project is to form part of the Kisumu to Kitale road, which is important to commerce in western Kenya and for regional integration with South Sudan and Uganda.

In Liberia, Zhongmei constructed 50 water wells fitted with hand pumps in the counties of Bomi, Montserrado and Margibi in a project funded as aid by the government of China.   The President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf dedicated the project in a ceremony in 2013.

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Companies based in Nanchang
Underwriter's knot. The underwriter's knot is used in electrical wiring as strain relief to prevent a cable from being pulled from electrical terminals when the cable is yanked.

History 
Clifford Ashley listed it as an electrician's knot in 1944.  He suggested it be used "where rough treatment is expected" and described it as a two-strand wall knot.

The name may come from its use by fire underwriters, who understood its importance in electrocution and fire prevention.

Function 
The knot is typically used as a stopper knot where a lamp or appliance cord passes through a hole or slot of a plug or socket. Its purpose is to "reduce strain on the screw terminal connections—where the metal parts of the wires connect to the socket or plug—and prevent the wires from pulling free."

See also
List of knots

References

External links
How to tie an Underwriter's Knot. Animated Knots.

Double knots
Cables
Bernhard Steffen (computer scientist). Bernhard Steffen (born 31 May 1958 in Kiel, West Germany) is a German computer scientist and professor at the TU Dortmund University, Germany. His research focuses on various facets of formal methods ranging from program analysis and verification, to workflow synthesis, to test-based modeling, and machine learning.

After his PhD at the University of Kiel he spent two years as a research fellow at the LFCS (Edinburgh, Scotland) where he co-developed the Edinburgh Concurrency Workbench and authored one of the earliest papers on how to adequately model probabilistic processes, before joining the University of Aarhus in 1989 as a postdoc. From 1990 to 1992 he was associate professor at the RWTH Aachen, before he became full professor at the University of Passau. Since 1997 he holds the chair of programming systems at TU Dortmund University where he was Dean of Computer Science between 2002 and 2006 as well as a member of the Senate in 2006 and 2007. In Dortmund he developed the concept of active automata learning to towards a practical means for model-based testing that does not require any a priori models. Recently his interest shifted towards the application of formal methods for explaining machine learning.

His conceptual background comprises  abstract interpretation, computer-aided verification and explanation, automata learning, and the development of domain-specific languages that guarantee properties by design. This is witnessed by receiving the Most Influential PLDI Paper Award for Lazy Code Motion, which is given 10 years in retrospective, and the CAV Artifact Award for the Open-Source LearnLib. Finally, in 2019 he was awarded the title of Honorary Professor of the AMITY School of Engineering and Technology. 

Furthermore, Steffen is founding Editor in Chief of STTT, Co-Founder of TACAS, ETAPS, ISoLA, RERS and  member of the editorial board of LNCS.

Journal and conference foundations 

Bernhard Steffen co-founded the following journals and conferences
 Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS)
 European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS)
 International Symposium On Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation (ISoLA)
 International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)

References

External links 
 
 
 staff page at TU Dortmund University
 Personal website

1958 births
Living people
German computer scientists
Formal methods people
University of Kiel alumni
Academic staff of the Technical University of Dortmund
Academic staff of the University of Passau
Jacques Gounon. Jacques Gounon CBE, born 25 April 1953, is a French senior civil servant and business manager who currently serves as president of Getlink.

Early life
Gounon is a former pupil of École Polytechnique in Paris and chief engineer of the Ponts et Chaussées.

Career
From 1977 to 1981, Gounon was head of the major works district at the Departmental Direction of Equipment of Indre-et-Loire where he took care of the reinforcement and reconstruction of the Wilson bridge in Tours which partially collapsed in 1978.

From 1981 to 1986, Gounon was chief engineer, then deputy director general of the inter-municipal household waste treatment union (Syctom) of the City of Paris. From 1986 to 1990, Jacques Gounon was CEO of the Comatec group. From 1991 to 1993, Jacques Gounon was director of development for the Eiffage group's service activities.

From 1993 to 1995, Gounton was an industrial advisor to Michel Giraud's cabinet, then from 1995 to 1996, he became director of cabinet for Anne-Marie Idrac. In 1996 he also became deputy managing director of GEC-Alstom. In 2001, he piloted the LMBO operated on Cegelec by Alstom.

In 2004, Gounon joined the Eurotunnel Council. On 14 June 2005 he became CEO of TNU. On 9 March 2007 he was appointed chairman and chief executive officer of GET SA. The Eurotunnel Group returned to profits in 2008. He is recognised as the man who straightened the accounts of the Channel Tunnel. From 2007, he launched a new commercial policy and applied the principle of differential pricing, already widely used by airlines. Faced with the return of profits, he launched an investment campaign to increase infrastructure on both sides of the tunnel.

In 2019, Jacques Gounon celebrated the 25th anniversary of the Channel Tunnel and welcomed more than 500 institutional visitors to answer their questions about the Brexit preparations made by Eurotunnel. In July 2020, he became Chairman of the board of directors.

Prizes and awards
"Revelation of the year" by the BFM Awards (November 2009).

Bibliography

References

1953 births
Living people
École Polytechnique alumni
Corps des ponts
French chief executives
People from Créteil
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Sinclair Enterprise. The Sinclair Enterprise was a calculator introduced in 1977 by Sinclair Radionics.

History
The Enterprise calculator was introduced in October 1977 by Sinclair Radionics, with the Enterprise Programmable following in July 1978.  At that time, Sinclair was being financially assisted by the United Kingdom government through the National Enterprise Board, which the calculator's name references. Neither calculator was a great success and they ended up being sold at a loss.

Design

References

Sources
 

Products introduced in 1977
Sinclair calculators
Lehni AG. Lehni AG is a furniture manufacturing company based in Dübendorf, Switzerland, specializing in the production of anodized and powdercoated aluminium furniture. Lehni was founded in 1928 by Rudolf Lehni, Sr., initially specializing in architectural and industrial metalworking. The company began producing furniture in 1963, under the proprietorship of the founder's son, Rudolf Lehni, Jr.

The company is known for fabricating both artwork and furniture designed by the artist Donald Judd.

Currently, Lehni manufactures furniture designed by Willy Boesiger, Andreas Christen, Frédéric Dedelley, Georg Gisel, Thai Hua, Donald Judd, Rudolf Lehni, Antonio Monaci, Jacques Schader, and Hanspeter Weidmann. Since 2015, they have also produced custom kitchens made from the same aluminum material as their furniture lines.

References

External links
 Lehni AG official website
 Photographs and information related to individual Lehni designs

Furniture companies of Switzerland
Swiss brands
Solar power in Poland. Solar energy in Poland includes the production of solar thermal energy and solar photovoltaics. By the end of 2021, there were around  of installed solar thermal collectors which in Poland are primarily used for heating up household water.

The total solar photovoltaics (PV) grid-connected capacity in Poland was 17,057.1 MW as of 31 December 2023, comprising almost 59.27% of the country's total installed renewable energy capacity. Growth has been strong; projections anticipate national PV capacity more than doubling from 2022 (12 GW) to 2025 (26 GW). Solar power is key to the Polish government's plan to produce 75% of electricity from carbon-free sources (renewables and nuclear) by 2040.

Photovoltaics

See also
Photovoltaic system performance
Solar power in Germany

References

Energy in Poland
Benno Mengele. Benno Mengele (11 December 1898 in Zwettl, Lower Austria – 15 September 1971 in Vienna) was an Austrian electrical engineer.

Mengele studied from 1918 to 1923 at the Vienna University of Technology and worked from 1922 at the Austrian Siemens-Schuckert. He developed protective earthing and fault current, and in 1929, he and Gustav Markt developed the overhead power line (bundle conductors) for high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage power transmission. He also built the first hydrogen-cooled three-phase motor in Austria. In 1965, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Vienna University of Technology.

References

1898 births
1971 deaths
Austrian electrical engineers
People from Zwettl
TU Wien alumni
Queensland Railways 1720 class. The 1720 class are a class of diesel locomotives built between 1966 and 1970 by Clyde Engineering, Eagle Farm for Queensland Railways in Australia.

History
The 1720 class were an evolution of the 1700 class. They operated throughout Queensland on branchline freight, suburban and mainline passenger services and on shunting duties. Later they were modified for driver only operation receiving a larger windscreen and an air conditioning box along with the D symbol added to the end of the locomotive number to indicate driver only operation.

Some have been exported, although the majority as at January 2014 remain in service. Unit 1741 was acquired for preservation by the Queensland Diesel Restoration Group in October 2016.

Gallery

References

Aurizon diesel locomotives
Clyde Engineering locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Queensland
Queensland Rail locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1966
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Organic photonics. Organic photonics is a subfield of photonics (the technical application of optics) in which light is manipulated via organic materials.

Fields within organic photonics include the liquid organic dye laser and organic solid-state dye lasers.  Materials used in solid-state dye lasers include:

 laser dye-doped PMMA
 laser dye-doped ormosil
 laser dye-doped polymer-nanoparticle matrices
 laser dye-doped bio-based gain media

Organic-inorganic nanoparticle gain media are nanocomposites developed for solid-state dye lasers and can also be used in biosensors, bioanalytics, and nonlinear organic photonics applications.

An additional class of organic materials used in the generation of laser light include organic semiconductors. Conjugated polymers are widely used as optically pumped organic semiconductors.

See also

Conjugated polymers
Nonlinear optics
Organic laser
Organic semiconductor
Polymer
Nanoparticle
Photonics

References

Photonics