omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Arnold Guloy. Arnold Guloy is an American chemist who is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Houston. He is an expert in the area Zintl phases chemistry, crystal growth, materials discovery, and superconductivity.

Education 
Guloy completed his undergraduate studies at the University of the Philippines in 1985. He earned his doctoral degree at the Iowa State University in 1991. His thesis topic was studying the synthesis, structure, and properties of polar intermetallic tetrelides of the rare-earth and alkaline-earth metals. Guloy performed postdoctoral research at the IBM TJ Watson Research Center under the supervision of David Mitzi where he co-discovered conducting tin halides with a layered organic-based perovskite structure. These and similar materials are the basis of perovskite solar cells.

Research and career 
At the University of Houston, Guloy investigates the structural and physical properties of Zintl phases and intermetallic materials with a focus on transport properties and novel materials. He has been a professor of chemistry at the University of Houston since 1993 rising through the ranks to become the John and Rebecca Moores Professor at the University of Houston in 2015. In 1998 he was awarded an National Science Foundation CAREER Award. He was a visiting professor at Sun Yat-Sen University in 2015 and was awarded the Distinguished Visiting Scholar-Lecturer Award from Chungnam National University, Daejun, Korea in 2009.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Houston faculty
21st-century American chemists
Iowa State University alumni
 Solid state chemists
Filipino emigrants to the United States
Attila Brungs. Attila Brungs (born 1972) is the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of New South Wales (UNSW). He was appointed to the role in January 2022. Prior to this role, he was the Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Technology Sydney (UTS); a role that he held from July 2014 to October 2021.

Career
Brungs has been a researcher in both industry and academia, with interests in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. Brungs is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales and an elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering.

As Vice-Chancellor of UTS, Brungs has been instrumental in the university's rise to Australia's position among the world's top young universities, including supporting the transformation of the UTS campus with the addition of the Dr Chau Chak Wing Building, designed by Frank Gehry, the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Building, the Vicki Sara Building and the UTS Central Building through a $1.5 billion campus master plan.

Prior to his appointment as Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) at UTS in September 2009, Brungs was General Manager, Science Investment, Strategy and Performance at CSIRO. His role incorporated the determination of broad research direction and resource allocation, performance monitoring of CSIRO research programs, including its flagship programs, and the development and implementation of organisational strategy.

Before joining CSIRO in 2002, Brungs was a senior manager at McKinsey and Co, managing teams in North America, Asia, New Zealand and Australia.

Some of Brungs' present key appointments include the NSW Innovation and Productivity Council; Committee for Sydney Board; Convenor, NSW Vice-Chancellor's Committee; Chair, Australian Technology Network; and the ATSE Diversity and Equity Committee. His experience includes many distinguished past board and committee memberships, including for not-for-profit organisations, in addition to numerous state and federal government and institutional appointments.

Education

Brungs is a Rhodes Scholar, with a doctorate in inorganic chemistry from Oxford University, and a recipient of the University Medal in Industrial Chemistry from UNSW. He is an alumnus of Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview in Sydney.

Personal life
Brungs grew up in Sydney and is married to artist Kate Gradwell. Brungs and Gradwell have two children together. He is a member of the Sydney Sabre and UTS Fencing Club.

References 

 

 

Australian academic administrators
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Australian Rhodes Scholars
Academic staff of the University of Technology Sydney
Chemists from Sydney
University of New South Wales alumni
People educated at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview
Fellows of the Royal Society of New South Wales
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
1972 births
Augmented marked graph. An augmented marked graph is basically a Petri net with a specific set of places called resource places.

If removing these resource places and their associated arcs, it will become a marked graph where every cycle is marked. For each resource place, there are pairs of outgoing and incoming transitions connected by elementary paths.

Application 

Augmented marked graphs are often used for modelling systems with shared resources, such as manufacturing systems. Based on the special properties of augmented marked graphs, the properties of the modelled systems, such as liveness, boundedness and reversibility, can be effectively analyzed.

References 

 King Sing Cheung, Augmented Marked Graphs, Springer, 2014.

Petri nets
Formal specification languages
Models of computation
Concurrency (computer science)
Istra High Voltage Research Center. The High Voltage Research Center (HVRC) (), also called the Tesla Generators Research Facility, is a testing facility built in the 1970s outside the town of Istra,  west of Moscow, operated by the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.

Description
The facility is notable for containing what is believed to be the world's largest Marx generator, which was originally created to help test lightning insulation in military aircraft. The facility has several huge Tesla coils on the facility grounds, some of which range over 20 stories in height. Combined these create what the Soviets nicknamed a "lightning machine."

In all the facility contains a 3 megawatt capacity transformer cascade, a 9 megawatt Pulsed Voltage Generator (PVG), measuring 39.3 meters high and capable of creating 150-meter artificial lightning, and a 2.25 megawatt constant voltage unit.

History
Originally built sometime in the 1970s, the facility was at first used for a mix of military and scientific testing being maintained by the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.

After the fall of the Soviet Union the facility became mostly inactive, only being used on occasion for private-sector testing, including testing of the lightning strike resistance of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 in 2011.

The Marx generator is rarely turned on today, with the last recorded use being in August 2014.

Dome
Construction of a large ovoidal dome, officially named the "High-voltage test bench of the enterprise R-6511" (), but also known as the "", began in 1982. The building was to be used as an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) weapons testing facility, with commissioning planned for the fourth quarter of 1985, but construction was never completed: the dome collapsed in the morning of 25 January 1985, and was later demolished.

This resulted in , head of the Construction Department of the CPSU Central Committee, being removed from his post and replaced by Boris Yeltsin in April 1985. Yeltsin would later would serve as the first President of the Russian Federation.

After the dome's collapse, thousands of tons of reinforced concrete were removed from the site.

Later a facility called the "Stationary electromagnetic pulse simulator 'Allure'" (), or simply "Allure", was built on the former site of the dome. "Allure" was used for testing the resistance of equipment to the effects of natural and man-made EMPs.

See also
 Bely Rast High Voltage Research Station
 ATLAS-I

References

Science and technology in Russia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Electronic test equipment
Energy research institutes
Yet-Ming Chiang. Yet-Ming Chiang (born April 25, 1958) is a Taiwanese-American materials scientist and engineer, who is currently the Kyocera Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been influential in the development of new materials for energy storage, transfer, and power of a variety of different devices and vehicles.

Chiang was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2009 for contributions to the understanding of new energy storage materials and their commercialization.

Background and career
Chiang was born in Taiwan, in 1958, and emigrated to the United States in 1964. His SB and Sc.D. degrees, 1980 and 1985 respectively, are both from MIT.

He is the author of over 200 peer-reviewed publications and holds over 30 patents.

Chiang was the postdoctoral advisor for L'Oreal Awardee, Dorthe Ravnsbæk.

Entrepreneurship 
Chiang has founded or provides expert consultation to a number of companies in the materials and energy storage spaces, including:
 24M - Cambridge, Massachusetts startup investigating battery technology for planes and other aircraft
A123 Systems - automotive Lithium-ion battery maker, based out of Hangzhou, China and Livonia, Michigan.
 American Superconductor - superconducting materials
 Desktop Metal - 3D printing of metal components
 Form Energy - Iron-Air battery
 SpringLeaf Therapeutics - wearable biotechnology

Awards 

 2009 - Elected to U.S. National Academy of Engineering 
 2006 - R&D 100 Award
 2001 - Ross Coffin Purdy Award of the Ceramics Society
 Fellow of the American Ceramic Society

References

MIT School of Engineering faculty
American materials scientists
American people of Taiwanese descent
21st-century American engineers
Living people
1958 births
Taiwanese scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Ceramic Society
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Mark Eriksson. Mark Alan Eriksson is an American experimental physicist who specializes in experimental studies of nanostructures. He is the John Bardeen Professor of Physics the University of Wisconsin–Madison

Education 
Eriksson earned a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics and physics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1992, followed by a Master of Science and PhD in physics from Harvard University.

Career 
Eriksson's research focuses on nanoscale electronic systems, quantum computing; semiconductor membranes, many-body physics and interacting electrons in low-dimensional systems; and the application of nanoelectronics in biology. Eriksson was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015. He is also fellow of the American Physical Society.

References

External links
 

Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American physicists
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
China Railways 8G. The 8G is a Soviet-built electric locomotive used in China. It is developed and built by Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant. The design of 8G is based on Soviet Railway VL80S electric locomotives. It is a kind of locomotive with Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ wheel arrangement used in China.

8G Electric Locomotive is an eight shaft fixing reconnection heavy freight electric locomotive that is based on two four-axle locomotives connected.

Preservation

 8G-002: is preserved at the China Railway Museum
 8G-076: is preserved at Taiyuan Locomotive Depot, Taiyuan Railway Bureau

See also 
 VL80
 China Railways 8K
 China Railways SS4

References 

Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ locomotives
8G
25 kV AC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1987
Standard gauge locomotives of China
China Railways 8K. The 8K is a French-built electric locomotive used in China. It is developed and built by Alstom. The design of 8K is based on SNCF Class BB 15000 electric locomotives. It is a kind of locomotives with Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ wheel arrangement used in China.

8K Electric Locomotive is an eight shaft fixing reconnection heavy freight electric locomotive which based on two four-axle locomotives connected.

Preservation

 8K-001: is preserved at Fengtai Locomotive Depot, Beijing Railway Bureau
 8K-008: is preserved at China Railway Museum
 8K-065: is preserved at Tianjin Railway Vacational Technical College
 8K-091: is preserved at Taiyuan Locomotive Depot, Taiyuan Railway Bureau

See also
 List of locomotives in China
 
 China Railways 8G
 China Railways SS4
 China Railways HXD2

References

External links
 China Railways 8K profile on Trainspo
 China Railways 8K profile on TrainNets
 European Railway Picture Gallery

Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′ locomotives
8G
25 kV AC locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1987
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Alstom locomotives
Zhuzhou locomotives
University of the Witwatersrand School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The School of Civil and Environmental Engineering is one of seven schools in the University of the Witwatersrand's Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment. The School offers 4-year undergraduate degrees and post-graduate degrees in civil engineering.

The School offers undergraduate and post-graduate degrees in civil engineering.

Undergraduate degrees
 Bachelor of Science (Civil Engineering)

Postgraduate degrees and graduate diplomas
 Graduate Diploma  – Graduate Diploma in Engineering
 MSc  – Master of Science
 PhD

References

Engineering and the Built Environment
Rolls-Royce India Private Limited. Rolls-Royce India Private Limited is an Indian subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings.

The subsidiary looks after the regional client base as well as the supply chain for its aeronautics and industrial businesses. The Bengaluru office focuses on R&D works on Jet engines for civil aerospace.

The company has been present in India for over 80 years. Today, Rolls-Royce is supplier of power systems across aerospace, marine, nuclear and power systems

Rolls-Royce has engineering centres in Bengaluru and Pune and operations based in Mumbai and Chennai.

Rolls-Royce has a joint venture with Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd – International Aerospace Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd – to manufactures engine components including compressor shrouds and cones for gas turbines .

References 

Rolls-Royce
Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Rolls-Royce Holdings
Tevfik İleri. Ahmet Tevfik İleri (1911 – 31 December 1961) was a Turkish civil engineer, civil servant, politician and government minister.

Biography 
Of Hamsheni origin, was born in Hemşin district of Rize Province in 1911. He spent his school years in Istanbul, and graduated from Istanbul Technical University in 1933. During his university years, he was elected as the chairman of the Turkish National Students Association (MTTB).

In 1933 at the age of 21, he began a career as supervisor engineer at the  General Directorate of Highways in Erzurum, where he worked until 1937. He was then appointed as the local manager of the Public Construction Works in Çanakkale (1937–1942) and Samsun (1942–1946). From 1946 to 1950, İleri served as the manager of the Highway Authority in Samsun.

In 1950, he joined the Democrat Party (DP), and was elected as an MP from Samsun (electoral district). Throughout the DP-government years, he was always in the party's top politicians. He served as the Minister of Transportation (22 May 1950 – 11 August 1950), Minister of National Education (13 April – 25 November 1957 and 22 May 1959 – 8 December 1959 as placeholder), Deputy Prime Minister (25 November 1957 – 19 January 1958) and Minister of Public Works (19 January 1958 – 27 May 1960).

After the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, he was tried and imprisoned. However, he was hospitalized in 1961, and died in Ankara on 31 December the same year. He was buried at Cebeci Asri Cemetery in Ankara.

References

Sources

External links

1911 births
1961 deaths
People from Hemşin
Istanbul Technical University alumni
Turkish civil engineers
Turkish civil servants
Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960) politicians
Deputies of Samsun
Members of the 19th government of Turkey
Members of the 20th government of Turkey
Members of the 22nd government of Turkey
Members of the 23rd government of Turkey
Ministers of transport and communications of Turkey
Ministers of public works of Turkey
Ministers of national education of Turkey
Deputy prime ministers of Turkey
Burials at Cebeci Asri Cemetery
Turkish people of Hemshin descent
20th-century Turkish engineers
Very short-lived substances. Very short-lived substances (VSLS) are ozone-depleting halogen-containing substances found in the stratosphere. These substances have very short lifetimes, typically less than 6 months. VSLS are responsible for atmospheric damage once they enter the stratosphere and are a contributing factor to the destruction of ozone.

Description
VSLS are ozone-depleting halogen-containing substances found in the stratosphere. These substances have very short lifetimes, typically less than 6 months. Approximately 90% of VSLS are produced by natural processes and their rate of production is increasing. “They are bromine compounds produced by seaweed and the ocean's phytoplankton”. Only 10% of ozone deleting chlorine compounds are man-made. VSLS are responsible for atmospheric damage once they enter the stratosphere and are a contributing factor to the destruction of the ozone layer. In previous decades it was believed that the most significant factor in ozone depletion was the increase in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Currently VSLS are increasing rapidly, mainly due to industrial activities. The primary VSLS is n-propyl bromide (CHBr).  It has been forecast that brominated VSLS will increase to about 8 - 10% of the total VSLS emission by the end of 21st century. There has not been much research in this area, although this is changing as more scientists study this substance to predict its long-term impact on ozone levels.

Transport

The most significant route of air entering the stratosphere is through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) via convection. The air masses are shifted by convection are able to rise several kilometers within a few hours. This transport mechanism is fast enough for VSLS lifetimes.

Effects

Despite their short lifespan, VSLS have been shown to contribute significantly towards the depletion of the ozone layer, particularly in the lower stratosphere above mid-latitude areas. One study has shown that every five additional parts per trillion by volume (pptv) of VSLS in the atmosphere reducesthe global ozone column by about 1.3%. Long-term calculations of VSLS injection into the stratosphere reveal a robust correlation between sea surface temperature, convective activity and the number of short-lived source gases in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), which becomes especially clear during the perturbations induced by El Niño seasons. This trend is attributed to increased activity by bromine-generating marine life under warmer temperatures and indicates that VSLS concentration will likely increase over the 21st century due to climate change. The potential significant increases in the atmospheric abundance of short-lived halogen substances, through changing natural processes or continued anthropogenic emissions could be important for future climate.

References

External links
 Whatever happened to the hole in the ozone layer
 Ozone depletion

Bromine compounds
Climate forcing
Valeria De Antonellis. Valeria De Antonellis is Professor Emeritus at University of Brescia, Italy, since February 2021. Previously she was a professor of computer science and engineering at University of Brescia, Italy, where she led the research group on "Databases, Information Systems and Web" at Department of Information Engineering.

Academic career
She is an Italian computer scientist and has done extensive research on conceptual modeling, database and information system design. Research interests include Semantic Web: Data, Services and Applications; Big and Open Data exploration in Web Oriented Architecture.

She authored of over 200 papers on computer science related topics. She has been working within several European and National research projects, coordinating parts of or whole projects.

In particular, she led the DATAID research project originating the DATAID-1 methodology for the analysis, design and realization of database systems.

At University of Brescia she was Rector's Delegate for both ICT and University Library System (2010-2016). 
She was Head of the PhD program in "Information Engineering" (2000-2006) and led its transformation into the PhD Program in "Computer Science, Engineering and Systems Control" (2007-2011).

References 

Italian computer scientists
Italian women computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Brescia
Guyan reduction. In computational mechanics, Guyan reduction, also known as static condensation, is a dimensionality reduction method which reduces the number of degrees of freedom by ignoring the inertial terms of the equilibrium equations and expressing the unloaded degrees of freedom in terms of the loaded degrees of freedom.

Basic concept 
The static equilibrium equation can be expressed as:

where  is the stiffness matrix,  the force vector, and  the displacement vector. The number of the degrees of freedom of the static equilibrium problem is the length of the displacement vector. 
By partitioning the above system of linear equations with regards to loaded (master) and unloaded (slave) degrees of freedom, the static equilibrium equation may be expressed as:

Focusing on the lower partition of the above system of linear equations, the dependent (slave) degrees of freedom are expressed by the following equation.

Solving the above equation in terms of the independent (master) degrees of freedom leads to the following dependency relations

Substituting the dependency relations on the upper partition of the static equilibrium problem condenses away the slave degrees of freedom, leading to the following reduced system of linear equations.

This can be rewritten as:

The above system of linear equations is equivalent to the original problem, but expressed in terms of the master's degrees of freedom alone.
Thus, the Guyan reduction method results in a reduced system by condensing away the slave degrees of freedom.

Linear transformation 

The Guyan reduction can also be expressed as a change of basis which produces a low-dimensional representation of the original space, represented by the master's degrees of freedom.
The linear transformation that maps the reduced space onto the full space is expressed as:

where  represents the Guyan reduction transformation matrix.
Thus, the reduced problem is represented as:

In the above equation,  represents the reduced system of linear equations that's obtained by applying the Guyan reduction transformation on the full system, which is expressed as:

Application 
The Guyan reduction is an integral part of the classic dynamic substructuring method known as the Craig-Bampton (CB) method. The static portion of the reduced system matrices derived from the CB method is a direct result of the Guyan reduction. It is calculated in the same manner as the Guyan stiffness matrix  shown above. The term , in the CB domain, is referred to as the constraint modes, . It represents the displacement of all unloaded degrees of freedom when a unit displacement is applied at a single, loaded, degree of freedom, while keeping the rest constrained.

See also 

Model order reduction
Finite element method

References 

Finite element method
Structural analysis