omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ralph Loring. Ralph Stoodley Loring (1879-1948), known professionally as Ralph Loring, was an architect of Lewiston, Idaho.

Life and career
Ralph Stoodley Loring was born November 13, 1879, in Somerville, Massachusetts to George Fullington and Sarah Frances (Johnson) Loring. His father was an architect. Loring attended the public schools before entering the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating in 1901 with a degree in civil engineering. He initially worked as a draftsman.

In 1905 he went to Boise, Idaho as superintendent of reconstruction of the United States barracks in that city. In 1906 he went to Lewiston as manager of a branch office for architects John E. Tourtellotte & Company. This office was closed in 1910, and Loring established his own practice in Lewiston. In 1924 he relocated to Pasadena, California, becoming associated with an architecture firm there. He practiced architecture in California for the remainder of his career.

Personal life
Loring married in 1907 to Linnie Marie Hubbell of Milford, Michigan.

Loring died May 15, 1948, at home in East San Gabriel, California at the age of 68.

Legacy
Loring was an architect of a number of buildings which have been listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places.

Works include
 Idaho Grocery Warehouse and Annex, 1209 Main St, Lewiston, Idaho (1907 and 1911, NRHP November 17, 1982)
 Lewiston City Hall (former), 207 3rd St, Lewiston, Idaho (1909, NRHP November 17, 1982)
 State Bank of Kamiah, ID-64 Kamiah, Idaho (1909–10, NRHP 1978)
 Lewiston Vineyards Gates, 18th Ave and 10th St, Lewiston, Idaho (1910, NRHP 1983)
 State Bank of Kooskia, 1 S Main St, Kooskia, Idaho (1912, NRHP 1978)

Gallery of architectural works

Notes

References

People from Lewiston, Idaho
Architects from Idaho
1879 births
1948 deaths
Cherra Companyganj State Railways. Cherra Companyganj State Railways (CCSR) was a narrow gauge mountain railway that existed in British India.

History

The Cherra Companyganj State Railway was conceptualized by Hubert Kench, the British Executive Engineer of Khasi and Jaintia Hills Division, as there was need to connect Shillong, capital of province to Calcutta, then the capital of British India by rail. The CCSR in Meghalaya was opened to traffic on 6 June 1886. CCSR was a  narrow gauge tramway and the railway operated between Tharia, a mining town in Meghalaya and Companyganj, now in Sylhet District of Bangladesh, for a distance of . Seven gradients were worked by rope mechanisms. It was built at a cost of eight lakhs, which was incurred by erstwhile Provincial Government of Assam. An extension of railway link up to Sylhet and Goalundo was in plan from where railway link to Calcutta already existed but plans never materialised.

Closure

The railway continued to run between Tharia and Companyganj until the Assam earthquake of 1897 in which the tracks were completely destroyed. The tracks were not repaired after that and the railway finally closed in 1900.

References

2 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Defunct railway companies of India
Rail transport in Meghalaya
Transport in Shillong
Rail transport in Sylhet
Fabián E. Bustamante. Fabián E. Bustamante is an Argentinian-American computer scientist specializing in distributed systems and computer networking. He is currently a professor of computer science at Northwestern University.

Career
Fabián E. Bustamante was born and raised in Argentina. After completing his Licencitura at Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, he earned a Ph.D. specializing in distributed systems from the Georgia Institute of Technology under Karsten Schwan.

He is best known for his work on peer-to-peer systems and content delivery networks  (particularly Ono (P2P)) and for his tool for optimizing DNS performance .  He has authored more than 50 papers in various areas of Computer Science. and released over 10 publicly available systems resulting from his research work.

Education
 Ph.D., Computer Science, 2001. Georgia Institute of Technology.
 Licenciatura, Computer Science, 1993.  Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco.

References

External links
 Personal web page 
 Research group web page 

Living people
American computer scientists
Argentine computer scientists
Georgia Tech alumni
Northwestern University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco alumni
Texas Interurban Railway. The Texas Interurban Railway was an electric interurban railroad that operated from Dallas, Texas, to Terrell and Denton from 1923 to 1932.  The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (Katy) line was electrified between Dallas and Denton and services were withdrawn after the Dallas Union Trust Company foreclosed.


Services
As part of the contract that created Dallas Power and Light, which first provided electric power in Dallas, the parent company, General Electric, was required to build two  interurban systems from Dallas, guaranteed by a bond of $550,000. The  line from Dallas to Terrell opened on January 14, 1923.

An interurban service from Dallas to Denton had been proposed in 1906, but it was 1923 before the company Strickland, Calder and Hobson, who were to become the Texas Interurban Railway Company, began work on the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad (Katy) branch between Dallas and Denton. After a legal battle with landowners in Dallas, the inaugural trip was made on September 30, 1924. A public service started the next day, costing $1.25 for a one-way ticket and $2.40 for a return ($ and $ in  adjusted for inflation). The  line had 25 stops, with city termini on branches off the Katy line; in Denton the brick terminal was built at the corner of Ash (Austin) and McKinney streets. The line was electrified using a catenary with power supplied from three substations. Six passenger cars and one express car provided an hourly service from Denton from 5 am and 6 pm. The average speed was  and cars reached a top speed of .

The bus service between Dallas and Denton began offering lower fares from 1925, and though the line to Terrell was profitable, the Denton line was never financially successful. The rail service was withdrawn on March 13, 1932, after the Dallas Union Trust Company foreclosed on the Texas Interurban Railway. The property was auctioned off, the cars transferred to the Dallas Railway and Terminal Company and some were later used as trolleys in Dallas until 1956.

References

Notes

Sources

Defunct Texas railroads
Interurban railways in Texas
Railway lines opened in 1924
Railway lines closed in 1932
UAZ Bars. UAZ Bars (, UAZ-3159) is a Russian SUV produced by UAZ. It was introduced in December 1999. About 10,000 automobiles were produced since then. The UAZ Bars is a passenger-utility car with four-wheel drive, developed on the basis of UAZ-3153.

Overview
The Bars is a widetrack ( versus ) of the UAZ-3153, and has an extended wheelbase modification of the UAZ-3151, with engine ZMZ-409 with an overall length of  and a wheelbase of . The Bars has a higher capacity of negotiating gradients, better structural strength, and better steering capacity on roads of different surface quality.

The standard complete equipment has been supplemented with:
 Portal axles
 Hydro amplifier of the steering system;
 5-speed gear box;
 Fine mesh transfer box.

For the UAZ-3159 Bars, a new range of 16-valve ZMZ-406 engine has been used with electronic controlled fuel injection. The engine design comprises a cast iron cylinder block, two camshafts in the engine head, and a timing chain.

Notes

References

External links
 Bars
 UAZ Bars

2000s cars
UAZ
Cars of Russia
Operational availability. Operational availability in systems engineering is a measurement of how long a system has been available to use when compared with how long it should have been available to be used.

Definition
Operational availability is a management concept that evaluates the following.
 Diagnostic down time
 Criticality
 Fault isolation down time
 Logistics delay down time
 Corrective maintenance down time

Any failed item that is not corrected will induce operational failure.  is used to evaluate that risk. Operational failure is unacceptable in any situation where the following can occur.
 Capital equipment loss
 Injury or loss of life
 Sustained failure to accomplish mission

In military acquisition, operational availability is used as one of the Key Performance Parameters in requirements documents, to form the basis for decision support analyses.

History

Aircraft systems, ship systems, missile systems, and space systems have a large number of failure modes that must be addressed with limited resources.

Formal reliability modeling during development is required to prioritize resource allocation before operation begins. Estimated failure rates and logistics delay are used to identify the number of forward positioned spare parts required to avoid excessive down time. This is also used to justify the expense associated with redundancy.

Formal availability measurement is used during operation to prioritize management decisions involving upgrade resource allocation, manpower allocation, and spare parts planning.

Principle 

Operational availability is used to evaluate the following performance characteristic.

For a system that is expected to be available constantly, the below operational availability figures translate to the system being unavailable for approximately the following lengths of time (when all outages during a year are added together):

The following data is collected for maintenance actions while in operation to prioritize corrective funding.
 Diagnostic down time is required to identify the amount of time spent perform maintenance when fault reporting does not support condition-based maintenance.
 Criticality identifies level of risk associated with loss of mission, injury or loss of life, and capital equipment.
 Fault isolation down time is required to identify the amount of time spent locating a failure.
 Logistics delay down time is required to identify the amount of time required to obtain replacement parts or software.
 Corrective maintenance down time is required to identify the amount of time required to install and reconfigure replacement parts and software.

This data is applied to the reliability block diagram to evaluate individual availability reduction contributions using the following formulas.

Redundant items do not contribute to availability reduction unless all of the redundant components fail simultaneously.

Operational availability is the overall availability considering each of these contributions.

See also
 Active redundancy
 Availability
 Downtime
 Reliability block diagram

References

Maintenance
Engineering concepts
Reliability engineering
Safety
Fault-tolerant computer systems
IBM 421. The IBM 421 accounting machine saw use in the 1960s.  

The largely-mechanical IBM 421 read 80-column punch cards and could print upper-case letters of the alphabet, the decimal digits 0 to 9, a period (.), and plus and minus signs.

The operation of the 421 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage tape.  By means of the control panel, any column of the card could be wired to any print column, by means of a wire link (the end terminals of which were manually inserted into slots in the control panel).  After manual wiring, the control panel was inserted in the side of the machine, and a hand-operated lever moved the control panel so that the wire links made contact with corresponding terminals in the machine.

The 421 had 64 positions of memory, typically used to store data from a leading punch card. There were also three external program switches (Minor, Major and Super Major) that were used to alter the function of the plug board Program Selectors.

IBM 421 uses included:
 Tabulating (listing) punch cards
 Calculating totals
 Calculating grand totals.

421s sold in the UK could total pre-1970 currency with twenty shillings to the pound and 12 pennies to the shilling.  A UK 1964-onwards example of commercial use was 421s in multiple South Eastern Electric Board locations calculating and printing the quarterly electricity bill (in pounds, shillings and pence) for each of its thousands of customers after the 421 had read three punched cards for each customer:
 Name and address card
 The "old" meter reading card
 The “new” meter reading card.  

A 421 could be cable-attached to a "Summary" or "Gang Punch" (IBM 514?) to punch cards with summary totals calculated by the 421.

The printing speed was about 100 lines per minute.  When calculating totals, printing was suppressed and the machine read cards faster at about 150 cards per minute.

There was one type bar for each print column.  Each type bar had every character in the available set.  When printing a column of a card, the type bar was raised until the desired character was in position at the current line, and then the type bar was hit by a "hammer", thus impressing the character onto the paper.  The entire line was printed simultaneously (that is, all hammers struck simultaneously).

An interesting use of the machine was the evaluation of polynomials.

References

421
Yellow Air Cab Company. Yellow Air Cab Company  was a short lived American aircraft manufacturer based in Kansas.

The Yellow Air Cab Company was chartered on 27 May 1929. It was based in a hangar built from 1928-1929; previously occupied by the Knoll Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas. Stock was issued in August 1929. The company entered into an agreement that October to purchase 200 all-metal Buckley LC-4s designed with William Bushnell Stout at the same airport in an attempt to build aircraft for an air-taxi service and franchise through the Midwest. The company also bought the rights to the Hilton Super Mid-Wing in January 1930. The prototype crashed in February 1930 when a stabilizer broke off in flight, killing company pilot Shannon. Another stock sale followed shortly after the crash. In all cases, the company did not put these aircraft into profitable revenue service. The company remained optimistic, and purchased the remainder of the Knoll Aircraft company, the facilities, and the airport it resided on for $166,000 and issued more stock in June 1930. The location became the home of Straughn Aircraft Company until 1934, and Beechcraft plant number two in 1940, where the Beechcraft Staggerwings, and later Beechcraft Bonanza production took place.

Aircraft

References

Aviation in Kansas
École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Tunis. The Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, is a public institution of higher education and scientific research and a member of the University of Tunis.

ENSIT establishment was a response to the increasing industrialization of Tunisia. The school is currently an "école d'ingénieurs", or school of engineering, which follows to some extent the European polytechnic university model. In 2011, the main focus of ENSIT was to form engineers with high scientific aptitude in the fields of civil, mechanical, electrical engineering and computer science. The academic year of 2012/2013 brought two more specializations: industrial engineering and applied mathematics. The change of curriculum has dictated an end to the LMD reforms (License, Master, Doctorate) by which the admission process was organized. However, the school retains its doctorate and master's programs.

History
Established in 1973, the ENSIT was known as  which was an accredited higher education institution that formed professors in electrical engineering and industrial science. The ENSET was regarded as a normal school with credit and prestige. In 1994, educational reforms mandated the transformation of the ENSET to  and later in 2003, the ESSTT was subscribed to the LMD reforms. In 2011, the ENSIT was established as an engineering school with both undergraduate and graduate programs.

Admission 
Undergraduate candidates will have to sit for the national competitive exams for engineering studies. Individual applications to the graduate and post-graduate programs are accepted but require a high academic profile.

References 

Educational institutions established in 1973
Engineering universities and colleges
Tunis University
1973 establishments in Tunisia
Rolling-wave planning. Rolling-wave planning is the process of project planning in waves as the project proceeds and later details become clearer; similar to the techniques used in agile software development approaches like Scrum.

Work to be done in the near term is based on high-level assumptions; also, high-level milestones are set. As the project progresses, the risks, assumptions, and milestones originally identified become more defined and reliable. One would use rolling-wave planning in an instance where there is an extremely tight schedule or timeline to adhere to, as more thorough planning would place the schedule into an unacceptable negative schedule variance.

The concepts of rolling-wave planning and progressive elaboration are techniques covered in the Project Management Body of Knowledge.

References

External links
Rolling Wave Planning
Rolling Wave Planning in Project Management
Rolling Wave Planning
PMBOK 4 - This Time It's Iterative
PMBOK Define Activities Process

Schedule (project management)
Reliant (YT-803). Reliant (YT‑803) is a United States Navy .

Construction and commissioning

The contract for Reliant was awarded 10 September 2007. She was laid down by J.M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Washington and launched 10 July 2010. Reliant was delivered to the Navy 28 September 2010.

Operational history

Reliant is assigned to the Navy Region Northwest.

References

 
 

Valiant-class tugboats
Ships built in Tacoma, Washington
2009 ships
China National Chemical Engineering. China National Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. (CNCEC) is a Chinese company in construction engineering and design, ranking 16th among general contractors worldwide by revenue and 20th among contractors by revenue from international projects (as of 2022).

The parent company of China National Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. () is China National Chemical Engineering Group Corp., a state-owned enterprise that is supervised by State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.

Projects
 The company announced in May 2012 a major deal with the UAE government worth $2.95 billion to complete the National House Scheme within a 5-year timeframe.
 The Iraqi government announced in January 2024 the start of a $2 billion project to build a new residential city west of Baghdad, with CNCEC and two other companies.

U.S. investment prohibition 
In August 2020, the United States Department of Defense published the names of companies linked to the People's Liberation Army operating directly or indirectly in the United States. CNCEC was included on the list. In November 2020, Donald Trump issued an executive order prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included CNCEC.

References

External links 

Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Government-owned companies of China
Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Defence companies of the People's Republic of China
Pinkerton Lecture. The Pinkerton lecture series is held by the Institution of Engineering and Technology in commemoration and honour of John Pinkerton, the pivotal engineer who was involved with designing the UK's first business computer in 1951. The first lecture was held in 2000 and the event has taken place every year since then.

The Lecturers

2000 Maurice Wilkes
2001 David Caminer
2002 David Cleevely
2004 Hermann Hauser
2005 Subhash Bhatnagar
2006 Tony Hey
2007 Tim Berners-Lee
2008 Alex Balfour
2009 John Carey
2010 Steve Furber
2011 Mike Short
2012 Kevin Warwick
2013 Robin Saxby
2014 Jim Morrish
2015 Robert Pepper

See also  
 Turing Talk

References 

Awards established in 2000
British lecture series
British science and technology awards
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Science lecture series
Recurring events established in 2000
2000 establishments in the United Kingdom
Concours nationaux d'entrée aux cycles de formation d'ingénieurs. The Concours Nationaux d'Entrée aux Cycles de Formation d'Ingénieurs is a national entrance examination for admission to graduate training for engineers in Tunisia. Admission to engineering schools is based on these exams.

Successful candidates are allowed to enroll at one of Tunisia's engineering schools. The exams are written and generally taken by students of preparatory classes (classes préparatoires scientifiques et technologiques).

References

Engineering education
List of power stations in Ohio. This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Ohio, sorted by type and name.  In 2022, Ohio had a total summer capacity of 27,447 MW and a net generation of 135,810 GWh. In 2023, the electrical energy generation mix was 58.8% natural gas, 23.8% coal, 12.3% nuclear, 2.1% wind, 1% solar, 0.8% petroleum and petroleum coke, 0.5% other gases, 0.4% hydroelectric, and 0.2% biomass.

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear

Wind

Solar

Hydroelectricity

Battery storage

Closed plants

See also

List of power stations in the United States

References

Power stations
Ohio
Podesva Trener. The Podesva Trener (English: Trainer), also called the Trener Baby, is a Czech ultralight aircraft that was designed by Tomas Podesva and produced by Podesva Air of Uničov. The aircraft a faithful 80% scale reproduction of the Zlin 126 and is supplied as plans, as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

By April 2018 the company website had been taken down and the aircraft seems to be out of production.

Design and development
Podesva designs and builds reproductions of famous aircraft on a custom basis for customers. The Trener was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit under a framed canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with the wings made from aluminum sheet. Its  span wing has an area of  and flaps. The standard engine available is the  Walter Mikron IIIb four cylinder, four-stroke powerplant.

Operational history
Reviewer Marino Boric described the design in a 2015 review as "a faithful reproduction of the classic aerobatic Zlin 126 aircraft, down to the last detail...The handling of this two-seater is impressive."

Specifications (Trener)

References

External links
 Former location of official website

2000s Czech ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft