omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
French frigate Amiral Ronarc'h. Amiral Ronarc'h (D660) is the lead ship of Frégate de défense et d'intervention of the French Navy.

Design and description
Amiral Ronarc'h has a length of , a beam of , and her displacement is . The ship is powered by combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) propulsion with total power output of . Her maximum speed is , range of  while cruising at , and endurance up to 45 days. The frigate could accommodate 150 personnel, including the usual complement of 110 ship crew and 15 crew for the helicopter detachment.

She is armed with one Oto Melara 76 mm Super Rapid gun and two 20 mm Nexter Narwhal remote controlled weapon station. For surface warfare, Amiral Ronarc'h are equipped with eight Exocet MM40 Block 3 anti-ship missiles, and two Sylver A50 8-cell vertical launch system for 16 MBDA Aster 15/30 anti-aircraft missiles. For anti-submarine warfare, she is equipped with two twin 324 mm torpedo tubes for MU90 Impact torpedoes. The ship also equipped with non-lethal weapon systems for asymmetrical warfare

Her electronic system and sensors consisted of Thales Sea Fire 500 multi-function active electronically scanned array search and track radar, Aquilon integrated communication and identification friend or foe system, SETIS 3.0 combat management system, Kingklip Mark II hull-mounted sonar, CAPTAS-4 towed sonar, Thales SENTINEL electronic support measures suite and CANTO anti-torpedo decoys.

Amiral Ronarc'h also has a hangar and flight deck at stern and could accommodate one SDAM UAV and one NH90 or Guépard Marine (H160M) helicopter equipped with MU90 torpedoes and dipping sonar, air-to-surface missiles, and/or heavy machine gun. The frigate also carries two rigid-hull inflatable boats for patrolling or for Special Forces purpose.

Construction and career
The construction of the ship was started with the first steel cutting ceremony at the Naval Group shipyard in Lorient on 24 October 2019. Her keel was laid down on 17 December 2021. Amiral Ronarc'h was ceremonially launched on 7 November 2022. The ship was partially launched by flooding her construction dock. The frigate was later towed by tugboats to the outfitting pier on the bank of Scorff River. It had been planned to commission Amiral Ronarc'h in 2024. However, delays in her fitting out and the start of sea trials pushed back her likely commissioning and full entry into service into 2025. She began her sea trials in October 2024.

References

External links
 Mise à flot de la première frégate de défense et d’intervention - FDI by Naval News on YouTube

2022 ships
Frigates of the French Navy
Ships built in France
Spitfire (2018 film). Spitfire is a 2018 British documentary feature film about the history of the Supermarine Spitfire and its last surviving pilots during World War II. The film was released in commemoration of the centenary of the Royal Air Force and features narration by Charles Dance.

Synopsis 
Using archival footage and new aerial footage of surviving Spitfires filmed over Southern England and the Cliffs of Dover, the film traces the history of the plane's development beginning with its design inspiration from a seaplane designed by manufacturer Supermarine that won the 1931 Schneider Trophy. The documentary also uses clips from the 1942 film The First of the Few in which director and lead actor Leslie Howard portrays Spitfire designer R.J. Mitchell. The film then follows the evolving design and roles of the Spitfire through the Battle of Britain, the Siege of Malta, the Normandy landings, until its eventual retirement after the war.

The documentary interviews modern day pilots, museum curators, and several surviving members of fighter squadrons and the air auxiliaries, such as RAF flying ace Tom Neil and Air Transport Auxiliary pilot Mary Ellis, one of the last surviving women British pilots from the World War II. At the end of the film, Ellis is shown being reunited with Spitfire MV154 which bears Ellis' original signature from 1944, which she again signed on film. Both Neil and Ellis died just days after the film's release. The film is dedicated to "the memory of the pilots of all nations who flew and fought in the Second World War."

Release 
The documentary held its world premiere on July 9, 2018 at the Curzon Mayfair Cinema in London as part of the 100th year celebrations of the Royal Air Force. The premiere was attended by narrator Charles Dance, TV personality Carol Vorderman (an honorary Group Captain for the RAF Air Cadets), and guest-of-honor Sqn Ldr. Alan Scott, one of the Spitfire flying aces featured in the film.

Prior to its public release, the filmmakers held previews in RAF bases, and in select cinemas near important sites to the Spitfire's history such as Southampton (the site of its maiden flight and Supermarine's former factory), Stoke-on-Trent (the birthplace of R.J. Mitchell) and Solihull (near the former Castle Bromwich Aircraft Factory.)

Reception 
Spitfire received positive reviews. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 94% approval rating based on 18 reviews with an average rating of 7.0/10.

Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Tristram Fane Saunders awarded the film four out of five stars, particularly praising the interviews with the pilots that "give this film its broader purpose and appeal." Mike McCahill of The Guardian gave the film three out of five stars, lauding how the film is "guaranteed to spike the pulse rates of aeronautical enthusiasts" but criticized how it "can seem a trifle coy about addressing the consequences of combat."

References

External links 
 
 

Documentary films about military aviation
Documentary films about World War II
British documentary films
2018 documentary films
2018 films
British aviation films
Battle of Britain films
Films about the Royal Air Force
Maarten van Emden. Maarten Herman van Emden (December 31, 1937 – January 4, 2023) was a Dutch-Canadian mathematician and computer scientist whose research in the foundations of logic programming and constraint logic programming was highly influential.

Early years
Van Emden was born in Velp, the Netherlands, and his early childhood was spent mostly in the Dutch East Indies. He served his national military service in 1959–1960, both as pilot and commissioned officer. He attended national flight training school and worked for KLM as a pilot from 1960 to 1963.

Education
Van Emden completed an MSc from the Delft University of Technology in 1966 and a PhD in computer science from the University of Amsterdam in 1971. His dissertation, “An Analysis of Complexity", was on information theory and data analysis. His thesis supervisor was Adriaan van Wijngaarden, who also supervised another notable Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra.

Career
Van Emden spent 1971 to 1972 as a postdoctoral fellow at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and then joined the Machine Intelligence group at the University of Edinburgh as a research fellow under Donald Michie. In 1975, he immigrated to Canada to join the faculty at the University of Waterloo. He moved to the University of Victoria in 1987. His visiting fellow positions include University of Edinburgh in 1980, Imperial College (UK) in 1982–1983, and NWO (Netherlands) in 2000–2001.

In collaboration with Robert Kowalski, van Emden developed the fixpoint semantics of Horn clauses, which underpin the logical semantics of logic programming. He further researched on software verification and correctness, and constraint satisfaction, along with interval arithmetic and interval propagation
. He wrote an advice-taking Prolog program for certain chess endgames.

Between 2008 and 2019 van Emden wrote a collection of essays on the practice of programming and the history and philosophy of computing on a blog entitled A Programmer's Place.

References

1937 births
2023 deaths
Computer science educators
Computer science writers
Dutch computer scientists
Dutch computer programmers
Dutch software engineers
Dutch systems scientists
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian computer programmers
Canadian software engineers
Dutch technology writers
Canadian essayists
Formal methods people
Logic programming researchers
Programming language researchers
Theoretical computer scientists
20th-century Dutch mathematicians
20th-century essayists
University of Amsterdam alumni
Flattening transformation. The flattening transformation is an algorithm that transforms nested data parallelism into flat data parallelism.  It was pioneered by Guy Blelloch as part of the NESL programming language.  The flattening transformation is also sometimes called vectorization, but is completely unrelated to automatic vectorization.  The original flattening algorithm was concerned solely with first-order multidimensional arrays containing primitive types, but was extended to handle higher-order and recursive data types in the work on Data Parallel Haskell.

Overview

Flattening works by lifting functions to operate on arrays instead of on single values.  For example, a function  is lifted to a function .  This means an expression  can be replaced with an application of the lifted function: .  Intuitively, flattening thus works by replacing all function applications with applications of the corresponding lifted function.

After flattening, arrays are represented as single-dimensional value vector V containing scalar elements, alongside auxiliary information recording the nested structure, typically in the form of a boolean flag vector F.  The flag vector indicates, for the corresponding element in the value vector, whether it is the beginning of a new segment.   For example, the two-dimensional irregular array  can be represented as the data vector  alongside the flag vector .

This flag vector is necessary in order to correctly flatten nested parallelism.  For example, it is used in the flattening of prefix sum to segmented scan.

Flattening can increase the asymptotic work and space complexity of the original program, leading to a much less efficient result.

Usage

Flattening was originally developed for vector machines such as the Connection Machine, and often produces code that is not a good fit for modern multicore CPUs.  However, the principles underlying its simpler cases can be found in constructs such as the vmap in Google Jax.

References

Compiler optimizations
Parallel computing
Adam Crowl. Adam Crowl is the former Director of Icarus Interstellar, an international non-profit organization that aims to achieve interstellar travel by 2100, as well as Team Leader for Project Icarus's Main Propulsion Module. Crowl is also a member on the Starship Congress Committee, a designer on the Project Forward Beamed Propulsion project, as well a designer on Project Tin Tin. In 2012, he proposed a mission for a spaceship that involves sending embryos into space to be raised by androids.

Personal life 
Crowl was born in Bendigo, Australia, in 1970. He holds a BSc at the University of Queensland.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Queensland alumni
People from Bendigo
Ashish Shah. Ashish Shah is an Indian entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and CEO of Pepperfry, a Mumbai-based furniture and home décor company. Before that, he headed eBay's operations in India and the Philippines.

Education 
Ashish was raised in Delhi. He received a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Pune and later acquired a materials management degree from The Institute of Management Technology in Ghaziabad.

Career 
Ashish began his career in 1998 as a branch sales manager at Tradox Pigments & Chemicals. In 2000, he moved on to become the regional manager for the North at ChemB.com India. Between 2001 and 2004, he held various roles at different companies, including C1 (Commerce One) India Pvt. Ltd. as an associate consultant and Baazee.com as a manager in B2B Procurement.

In 2004, Shah joined eBay Motors India as the Head of Sales and Operations. Eventually, he also took charge of eBay Motors in both India and the Philippines from 2008. During his time at eBay, Shah met his future business partner, Ambareesh Murty.

Pepperfry 
In 2011, Ashish Shah decided to leave his job as business head of eBay Motors and start his own business. While searching for furniture makers for his new online furniture store, he discovered Appu Arts. Despite being new to the furniture business, he had a knack for finding the right sellers. In January 2012, Ashish Shah and his business partner, Ambareesh Murty, founded Pepperfry with 12 team members. They chose the name for its distinct Indian identity and a touch of fun. Initial funding of $5 million came from Niren Shah, the Managing Director of Norwest Venture Partners India (NVP). In 2014, Pepperfry secured a $15 million investment from NVP and Bertelsmann India Investments. In 2022, Pepperfry became a publicly traded company and announced its plans for an initial public offering (IPO) in the second half of that year.

Before taking on the role of CEO, Ashish Shah served as the COO at Pepperfry, where he oversaw operations and product management.

In 2023, Pepperfry appointed him as the new CEO after the demise of former chief, Ambareesh Murty.

References

Indian businesspeople
People from Delhi
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
2-Octanone. 2-Octanone is an organic compound with the formula .  It is a colorless volatile liquid that is produced commercially for use in the fragrance industry.  It is produced by the condensation of acetone and pentanal followed by hydrogenation of the alkene.  It can also be produced by selective oxidation of 1-octene.  It is one of three octanones, the others being 3-octanone and 4-octanone.  It is a common if trace component of many cooked foods.

See also
 Filbertone

References
 

Octanones
Perfume ingredients
N4 (nuclear reactor). The N4 reactor type is a generation II pressurized water reactor designed and built by Framatome.

Design specifications 

The reactor houses 205 fuel assemblies each made out of 264 fuel rods. The rods are filled with low enriched uranium oxide (UO2) pellets for a total mass of 110 tonnes. The reactor core has a diameter of 3.48 meters and a height of 4.27 meters. The pressure vessel has a height of 13.65 meters, a diameter of 4.65 meters and a thickness of 230 millimeters. The primary circuit has four loops and is pressurized at 155 bar. For safety reasons, the four steam generators are placed inside the containment building. The produced steam is directed towards a 1500 MW Alstom Arabelle turbine at a pressure of 71 bar and a temperature of 268.8 °C.

The name "N4" stands for "Nouveau 4 boucles primaires", French for "New 4 primary loops". At 1500 MWe, it is still the most powerful tier of operational reactors in France, but the new generation III EPR design of the Flamanville 3 reactor should surpass it once commercial operation begins.

List of operational N4 reactors 
Only four reactors of this type are currently operating in the world : two at the Civaux Nuclear Power Plant and two at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant. Both plants are operated by French electric utility company EDF.

See also
 Pressurized water reactor
 Nuclear power in France
 Framatome

References

Nuclear power reactor types
Nuclear power in France
Yahya al-Abyadh. Yahya al-Abyadh  is a Yemeni politician. He served as Minister of Electricity and Water from 2001 to 2003.

Education 
Al-Abyadh was born in Sana'a, Yemen. He received his BA in electrical engineering from Germany.

References 

Electricity ministers of Yemen
21st-century Yemeni politicians
People from Sanaa
Marjan van den Akker. Janna Magrietje (Marjan) van den Akker (born 1965) is a Dutch computer scientist and operations researcher specializing in scheduling algorithms with applications including transportation and software engineering. She is an associate professor in the Department of Information and Computing Sciences at Utrecht University,  where she directs the Utrecht AI & Mobility Lab and Robust Rail Lab. She also holds a research affiliation with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.

Education and career
Van den Akker completed her Ph.D. in 1994 at the Eindhoven University of Technology, with the dissertation LP-based solution methods for single-machine scheduling problems jointly supervised by Jan Karel Lenstra and Martin Savelsbergh.

After postdoctoral research at the Center for Operations Research and Econometrics in Belgium, she worked for several years as a consultant for the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory. In 2000 she returned to academia as an assistant professor at Utrecht University, in the group of Hans L. Bodlaender. She is currently an associate professor there.

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Dutch computer scientists
Dutch women computer scientists
Dutch operations researchers
Eindhoven University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Utrecht University
Rotating cone tactile device. A rotating cone tactile device is a haptic device used at traffic light controlled pedestrian crossings in the United Kingdom. It is used as a tactile signal for blind pedestrians to indicate that it is safe to cross the road.

The idea for the devices originated at the University of Nottingham in the 1980s.

References

See also 
 Tactile paving

Blindness equipment
Assistive technology
Haptic technology
Gennady Krasnikov. Gennady Yakovlevich Krasnikov (; born 30 April 1958) is a Russian scientist in the field of semiconductor physics who has been serving as the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2020.

Biography
Krasnikov graduated with honors from the Faculty of Physics and Technology of the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology in 1981. From 1981, he successively held various positions, as engineer at the Research Institute of Molecular Electronics and the Mikron plant up to the General Director of JSC NIIME and Mikron (from 1991 to 2016). In September 2017, he participated in the election for the president the Russian Academy of Sciences, passed the approval procedure required by the new rules in the government of the Russian Federation. He is head of the Priority Technological Area for Electronic Technologies of the Russian Federation and a member of the Advisory Scientific Council of the Skolkovo Innovation Center. On 12 December 2022, he became a member of the expert council under the Government of Russia. On January 15, 2024, by decree of President Vladimir Putin, Gennady Krasnikov was introduced to the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

References

Living people
1958 births
People from Tambov
Russian physicists
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Presidents of the Russian Academy of Sciences
National Havoc Robot League. National Havoc Robot League (NHRL), formerly the Norwalk Havoc Robot League, is a robot combat organization in Norwalk, Connecticut, which holds tournaments of cage match fights between hobbyist competitors. Kelly Biderman is the current CEO of the organization.

History 
Austin McChord founded NHRL shortly after leaving Datto in 2018. 18 competitors participated in the first event later that year. In 2021, McChord moved the organization to its current headquarters in South Norwalk. The facility also hosts a museum collection of past combat robots from multiple weight classes.

Events 
NHRL hosts six tournaments each year which are open to all competitors. Robots are separated into weight classes of 3, 12, and 30 pounds. They compete in 1 versus 1 matches in enclosed arenas with double-layer polycarbonate walls and a negative pressure fire suppression system. Common weapons used by the competing robots include spinning blades, flipping devices, butane flamethrowers, and hammers. More unorthodox weaponry includes liquid nitrogen, airbags, and jet engines. Winners at each tournament receive cash prizes and are invited to a championship event held at the end of each year.

In November 2022, McChord announced that he would donate $1 million to STEM charities chosen by that year's finalists in the championship tournament. An additional $1 million of grants were made to collegiate robotics teams in 2023.

References

External links 

 NHRL website
 NHRL YouTube Channel

Robot combat competitions
Agilex. Agilex is a brand covering several families of FPGA products developed by Altera, and is the branding introduced in 2019 during the Intel era. The initial family of Agilex FPGAs (now rebranded as Agilex 7) began shipping in 2019 and are built using Intel 10nm silicon process. Agilex FPGAs are typically programmed in hardware description languages such as VHDL or Verilog, using the Intel Quartus Prime computer software. Higher level design languages, such as SYCL, are supported as well.

Product Families
Intel Agilex FPGAs initially focused on performance applications such as data center processing, but the brand has been expanded to include several new series of Agilex FPGAs which have different characteristics, such as lower power and lower logic densities, in order to fit an even wider range of applications. As a result, the Agilex brand is combined with a numerical suffix to organize various FPGA product series into different families of FPGAs and SoC FPGAs.

Agilex 9
The Agilex 9 family are FPGAs targeted at Direct RF applications and include wideband data converters with sample rates up to 64Gsps and medium-band data converters with hi-fidelity performance.

Agilex 7
The initial family of Agilex FPGAs and SoC FPGAs which began shipping in 2019 were rebranded as Agilex 7 in January 2023 as the Agilex brand was broadened to cover additional FPGA families by using a numerical suffix. Agilex 7 FPGAs are a family of high-performance FPGAs with a focus on delivering industry-leading logic fabric and I/O speeds and targeted at bandwidth- and compute-intensive applications. The Agilex 7 SoC FPGA variants include an ARM Cortex-A53 quad core hard processor system.

Agilex 5
The Agilex 5 family are FPGAs and SoC FPGAs with lower power and logic densities than the Agilex 7 FPGA and are generally considered mid-range FPGAs. The Agilex 5 SoC FPGA variants include an ARM Cortex A76/A55 quad core hard processor system.

Agilex 3
The Agilex 3 family are power and cost optimized FPGAs that deliver relatively high performance for this class of FPGA. The Agilex 3 SoC FPGA variants offer an ARM Cortex A55 dual core hard processor system.

References

Field-programmable gate arrays
Intel microprocessors
Reconfigurable computing
Ground collision. A ground collision (also known as a terrain collision, or simply GCOL) is a collision that occurs while an aircraft is taxiing to or from its runway. Ground collisions occur when an aircraft collides with another aircraft and/or structure on the runway.

Causal factors 
 lack of sufficient training for aviation staff
 lack of sufficient signage and lighting
 lack of space at various parts of the aircraft's pathway, especially the maneuvering area

Incidents 
Legend:

See also
Mid-air collision
Runway incursion

Notes

References 

 
Aviation risks