omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pixel Qi. Pixel Qi Corporation (pronounced Pixel "Chi") was an American company involved in the research of low-power computer display technology, based in San Bruno, California. It was founded by Mary Lou Jepsen, who was previously the chief technical officer of the One Laptop per Child project.

The company designed liquid crystal displays (LCDs) that can be largely manufactured using the existing manufacturing infrastructure for conventional LCDs. The advantage of Pixel Qi displays over conventional LCDs is mainly that they can be set to operate under transflective mode and reflective mode, improving eye-comfort, power usage, and visibility under bright ambient light.

By 2015, PixelQi's team and offices were unreachable, and the company is presumed defunct. The intellectual property is now owned by the original investor of Pixel Qi, while the right to manufacture Pixel Qi technology contractually rests with Tripuso Display Solutions.

Devices

The first commercial device to use a Pixel Qi display, ARM-based Adam tablet by Notion Ink, was released mid-January 2011.
Another tablet with a Pixel Qi display has been announced by Innoversal, named Lattice.;
Clover Systems has launched SunBook, a netbook with a Pixel Qi display.
The first ruggedized, MIL-SPEC tablet utilizing Pixel Qi, the Hydra-T3, was created by InHand Electronics, Inc. and launched Q1 of 2012.

References 

Display technology companies
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Electronics companies established in 2008
2008 establishments in California
Electronics companies disestablished in 2015
2015 disestablishments in California
Defunct computer hardware companies
International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering (often abbreviated as IJBC) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by World Scientific. It was established in 1991 and covers chaos theory and nonlinear science in a diverse range of fields in applied science and engineering.

Abstracting and indexing 
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had an impact factor of 2.836 in 2020. The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
 Science Citation Index
 Current Contents Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences
 CompuMath Citation Index
 Science Citation Index Expanded (also known as SciSearch)
 ISI Alerting Services
 Mathematical Reviews
 INSPEC
 Zentralblatt MATH

References

External links 
 

Chaos theory
Engineering journals
World Scientific academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1991
Physics journals
International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications. The International Journal of Computational Geometry and Applications (IJCGA) is a bimonthly journal published since 1991, by World Scientific. It covers the application of computational geometry in design and analysis of algorithms, focusing on problems arising in various fields of science and engineering such as computer-aided geometry design (CAGD), operations research, and others.

The current editors-in-chief are D.-T. Lee of the Institute of Information Science in Taiwan, and Joseph S. B. Mitchell from the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
in the State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Abstracting and indexing 
 Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
 ISI Alerting Services
 Science Citation Index Expanded (also known as SciSearch)
 CompuMath Citation Index
 Mathematical Reviews
 INSPEC
 DBLP Bibliography Server
 Zentralblatt MATH
 Computer Abstracts

References

External links 
 IJCGA Journal Website

Computer science journals
World Scientific academic journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Computational geometry journals
International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems. The International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems was founded in 1992 and is published by World Scientific. It "addresses the intricacies of cooperative work in the framework of distributed interoperable information systems" from principles, frameworks, and methodology, to actual application in business process management systems.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology, CompuMath Citation Index, and Inspec.

References

External links 
 

World Scientific academic journals
Academic journals established in 1992
English-language journals
Computer science journals
International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems. The International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems was established in 1990 and is published quarterly by World Scientific. It aims to "promote engineering education by advancing interdisciplinary science between electronics and systems and to explore high speed technology in photonics and electronics".

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Inspec, Scopus and Compendex.

References

External links 
 

World Scientific academic journals
Academic journals established in 1990
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Electronics journals
Semiconductor journals
International Journal of Humanoid Robotics. The International Journal of Humanoid Robotics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the development of intelligent humanoid robots, both theoretical and practical, with an emphasis on future projections. Some areas covered include design, mental architecture, kinematics, visual perception and human–robot interaction. It was established in 2004 and is published by World Scientific. The editors-in-chief are Ming Xie (Nanyang Technological University), Juyang Weng (Michigan State University), and Jean-Guy Fontaine (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia).

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Compendex, Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing, and Technology, Inspec, and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 0.368.

References

External links 
 

Robotics journals
Academic journals established in 2004
World Scientific academic journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making. The International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making was founded in 2002 and is published by World Scientific. It is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the application of information technology to decision-making, in areas such as bio-informatics, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and online business. The current editor-in-chief is Yong Shi (College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, and CAS Research Center on Fictitious Economy & Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences).

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, CompuMath Citation Index, and Inspec.

External links 
 

World Scientific academic journals
Academic journals established in 2002
English-language journals
Computer science journals
2002 establishments in Singapore
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management. The International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management was launched in 2004 and is published by World Scientific. It focuses on the "managerial issues and challenges brought about by the increasing pace of technological advancement globally". The current editor in chief is Alexander Brem, Ph.D., University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Germany.

The main emphasis of the International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management is on the promotion and discussion of excellent research on technological innovation. As a platform for reporting, sharing, as well as exchanging ideas, IJITM encourages novel research findings, industry best practices, and reports on recent trends. In particular, the journal focuses on managerial issues and challenges (and ways to address them) motivated through the increasing pace of technological advancement globally. This international and interdisciplinary research dimension is emphasized in order to promote greater exchange between researchers of different disciplines as well as cultural and national backgrounds.
 
This double-blind peer-reviewed journal encompasses all facets of the process of technological innovation from idea generation, conceptualization of new products and processes, R&D activities, and commercial application. Research on all firm sizes, from entrepreneurial ventures, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as large organizations, is welcome.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed  in the Scopus, Inspec, Emerging Sources Citation Index and Chartered Association of Business Schools' Academic Journal Guide (ABS).

References

External links 
 

World Scientific academic journals
Academic journals established in 2004
English-language journals
Business and management journals
Computer science journals
Yinyu Ye. Yinyu Ye (; born 1948) is a Chinese American theoretical computer scientist working on mathematical optimization. He is a specialist in interior point methods, especially in convex minimization and linear programming. He is a professor of Management Science and Engineering and Kwoh-Ting Li Chair Professor of Engineering at Stanford University. He also holds a courtesy appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering. Ye also is a co-founder of  minMax Optimization Inc.

Education
Yinyu Ye was born in 1948 in Wuhan, Hubei, China. He attended Huazhong University of Science and Technology and graduated with a B.S. in Systems and Control in 1982. He received a Ph.D in Engineering Economic Systems from Stanford University in 1988, under the supervision of George B. Dantzig.

Research publications
Ye wrote Interior-Point Algorithms: Theory and Analysis. He joined David Luenberger for the third edition of Luenberger's Linear and Nonlinear Programming.

In recent years, Ye has developed computational methods and theory using semidefinite programming for practical problems like the localization of network sensors. In computational economics, Ye has also established new complexity results for problems concerning the computation of an economic equilibrium.

Awards
Ye was a 2009 co-recipient of the John von Neumann Theory Prize.
He was elected to the 2006 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

Positions
Before joining Stanford University, Ye was a Henry B. Tippie Research Professor at the University of Iowa. Ye is a co-founder of minMax Optimization, a technology company based in Palo Alto and Shanghai focused on creating optimization tools for geospatial and financial problems.

References

 

1948 births
Living people
American computer scientists
American operations researchers
Chinese computer scientists
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Educators from Hubei
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
John von Neumann Theory Prize winners
Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni
Numerical analysts
People from Wuhan
Scientists from Hubei
Stanford University alumni
Stanford University Department of Management Science and Engineering faculty
Theoretical computer scientists
University of Iowa faculty
Chinese economists
Juniorvlet. The Juniorvlet is a steel sailing and rowing boat. It is used by the Sea Scouts of Scouting Nederland in the Netherlands. It is a smaller version of the Lelievlet craft, special designed for ages 8 to 13 years. Like a Lelievlet it can be used for Sculling, rowing and sailing. There are around 40 juniorvlets in use.

Details and specifications
 Length: 4.00 m
 Width: 1.62 m 
 Height: 4.00 m 
 Avg. Weight: 350 kg 
 Sail: 7.00 m2

External links
 Juniorvletten, Lelievletten en Lelieschouwen Scouting Nederland (Dutch)

Dinghies
Scouting and Guiding in the Netherlands
SNORA and SURA-D rockets. The Oerlikon-Bührle  SNORA and SURA-D are 81-mm and 80-mm rockets developed in Switzerland in the late 1970s and fielded in the 1980s. The SNORA could be used in both air-to-surface and surface-to-surface rocket artillery roles, while the SURA-D is an air-to-surface rocket. The SNORA was developed as a cooperative endeavor with the Italian firm SNIA-Viscosa (later SNIA-BPD).

History
The original version of the SURA rocket, the SURA 80R, was developed by Hispano-Suiza in the 1960s. In 1971 Oerlikon-Buhrle took over the military division of Hispano-Suiza and redesignated the SURA 80R, the SURA-FL, and further developed the SURA-FL which is the current SURA-D. The SNORA rockets can be fired from either a supersonic or subsonic aircraft. The SURA-D though, is limited to subsonic aircraft.

Oerlikon also developed the RWK 014, a surface-to-surface launcher for the type SNORA rockets. The RWK 014 has dual launchers of 15 tubes each and has been mounted on the MOWAG Tornado APC as well as the M113 armored personnel carrier. The RWK 014 can fire 10 rounds per second and has a reload time of six minutes.

The SNORA rocket was still in service as late as 1998 and the SURA-D is still in operational use.  SNORA rockets are launched from a variety of pods housing from either six or twelve rockets, while SURA-D rockets are mounted as a vertical array with only the top-most rocket attached to an aircraft hardpoint. In this system, rockets are fired individually from the bottom of the tier to the top. The unique sliding fixed fin arrangement of the SURA-D acts as the forward hanger for the rocket below it. As the rocket is fired, the four fixed fins mounted on a ring slide down the body till they are stopped at the expansion area of the rocket motor nozzle and are locked in place. The SURA-D increased its accuracy by the addition of flutes inside the nozzle rear to give a low rotation rate in addition to the stabilization effected by four fixed fins which take effect shortly after launch.

Overview
The 80-mm hollow-charge warhead on the SURA-D has been demonstrated by Oerlikon to penetrate  of armor. The SNORA rocket can mount one of two hollow-charge warheads, either the RAK 026 which can penetrate  of armor, or the RAK 054, capable of penetrating  of armor.

Both rockets were exported by Switzerland and adopted by other nations, among them Spain, Qatar, Philippines and Botswana. Italy later used the motor of the SNORA rocket as the basis for the development of the 81-mm Medusa rocket.

Variants

Designation
HE FRAG: High Explosive Fragmentation
HE-I: High Explosive - Incendiary
HC: Hollow Charge (HEAT)
MKR: Marker
TNG: Practice

See also
Swiss Military Museum

Notes

References

Air-to-ground rockets
Artillery of Switzerland
Oerlikon-Contraves
Rocket artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1980s
Proton beam writing. Proton beam writing (or p-beam writing) is a direct-write lithography process that uses a focused beam of high-energy (MeV) protons to pattern resist material at nanodimensions. The process, although similar in many ways to direct writing using electrons, nevertheless offers some interesting and unique advantages.

Protons, which are approximately 1800 times more massive than electrons, have deeper penetration in materials and travel in an almost straight path. This feature allows the fabrication of three-dimensional, high-aspect-ratio structures with vertical, smooth sidewalls, and low line-edge roughness. Calculations have also indicated that p-beam writing exhibits minimal proximity effects (unwanted exposure due to secondary electrons), since the secondary electrons induced in proton–electron collisions have low energy. A further advantage stems from the ability of protons to displace atoms while traversing material, thereby increasing localized damage especially at the end of range. P-beam writing produces resistive patterns at depth in silicon, allowing patterning of selective regions with different optical properties as well as the removal of undamaged regions via electrochemical etching.

The primary mechanisms for producing structures in resist materials is, in general, bond scissioning in positive resists such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), or cross-linking in negative resists such as SU-8. In positive resists the regions damaged by protons are removed by chemical development to produce structures, whereas in negative resists the development procedures remove the undamaged resist leaving the cross-linked structures behind. In e-beam writing, the primary and secondary electrons create the scissioning or cross-linking, whereas in p-beam writing the damage is caused by short range proton-induced secondary electrons. The proton fluence required for exposure varies from 30–150 nCmm−2 depending on the resist material, and is around 80–100 times less than that required by e-beam writing. Remark: The unit of the fluence in proton beam writing is usually given in "charge/area". It can be converted into "particles/area" by dividing "charge/area" by the charge of a proton, Q = 1,602·10−19C.

P-beam writing is a new technology of great potential, and both current experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that sub-10 nm 3D structuring is feasible. However, the lack of a user friendly commercial instrument with a small footprint is currently holding back the potentially wide range of application fields in which p-beam writing could make a substantial impact. Hopefully, this will be addressed in the near future.

See also
 Electron-beam lithography
 Ion beam lithography

References

Lithography (microfabrication)
Fairchild 21. The Kreider-Reisner KR-21-A is a 1928 American two-seat biplane. It was designed and built by the Kreider-Reisner Aircraft Company of Hagerstown, Maryland. Fairchild Aircraft took over Kreider-Reisner in 1929 and continued to build them, as the Fairchild KR-21, later the Fairchild 21.

Design and development
Designed by Fred Seiler Jr., H.L. Puckett states "over 200 were built in 6 different models."

The KR-21-A was a wire braced biplane with two open tandem cockpits and powered by a 100 hp (60 kW) Kinner K-5 radial piston engine. It was of mixed construction and had a fixed tailwheel landing gear and was fitted with dual controls.

The KR-21-B was a more powerful biplane development, using a 125 bhp Kinner B-5 engine.

Specifications (KR-21)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
21
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
KR-21
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Felixstowe F.1. The Felixstowe F.1 was a British experimental flying boat designed and developed by Lieutenant Commander John Cyril Porte RN at the naval air station, Felixstowe based on the Curtiss H-4 with a new hull. Its design led to a range of successful larger flying boats that was assistance in promoting Britain as a leader in this field of aviation.

Development
Before the war Porte worked with American aircraft designer Glenn Curtiss on a trans-atlantic flying boat. Due to the start of the Great War he returned to England, eventually to command of the naval air station at Felixstowe, Suffolk. Porte decided that the original Curtiss flying-boats that the Royal Navy acquired could be improved and a number of modifications to in-service flying-boats were made. The modifications had a mixed result so Porte using the experience gained, developed with his Chief Technical Officer John Douglas Rennie, a new single-step hull known as the Porte I.

The Porte I hull used the wings and tail unit of an original H-4 (No.3580) powered by two Hispano-Suiza 8 engines; the new flying boat was designated the Felixstowe F.1. During trials of the F.1 two further steps were added to the hull and a deeper V-shape which greatly improved the performance on takeoff and landing. Porte went on to design a similar hull, the Porte II for the larger Curtiss H-12 flying boat, which became the Felixstowe F.2.

Operators

Royal Naval Air Service
RNAS Felixstowe
 Royal Air Force
Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe - Flying school

Specifications

See also
 British Anzani

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Sons of Our Empire: Film of the Royal Naval Air Service at Felixstowe, including a Curtiss Model H-2 and prototype Felixstowe F.1 (No. 3580) fitted with Anzani engines, Porte and Commodore of Harwich, George C. Cayley RN returning from a flight in a Felixstowe F.1, about August 1916.
"The Felixstowe Flying-Boats - part 1" a 1955 Flight article
"The Felixstowe Flying-Boats - part 2" a 1955 Flight article
"F-Boats - A Postscript by an Ex-pilot" a 1956 Flight article on the Felixstowe flying boats
Felixstowe Flying-Boats

1910s British patrol aircraft
Flying boats
F.1
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
U-HID. U-HID (Ultra High Intensity Discharge) is a type of lamp. A mixture of two physical principles in lighting electronics, U-HID is the combination of Plasma and High Intensity Discharge (HID) technologies. The U-HID lamp produces a beam of light due to the formation of a plasma discharge arc. Its tube is made of a sphere of transparent quartz or ceramic filled with a special inactive high pressure gas. Through the plasma formation in its core, the atoms outside the chamber produce light. At the beginning of the plasma formation, a blue color at the tips of the inner glass insulation can be seen. This can be considered a characteristic of the technology.
 
U-HID lamp uses a high voltage pulse discharge that does not dissipate the plasma produced. The brilliance of a U-HID lamp can reach 80% in four seconds under normal temperature conditions, and can start working at 100% instantly after a re-ignition. Comparatively, the intensity of light from a U-HID lamp is at least three times stronger than a metal halide HID lamp in a color range of 4200K (cold light).

U-HID is an abbreviation for a commercial USB circuit board meant to replace a USB keyboard on a PC. 
It is called a Universal Human Interface Device.
Gas discharge lamps