omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tok Junction Airport. Tok Junction Airport  is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Tok, in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Facilities and aircraft 
Tok Junction Airport has one runway designated 07/25 with an asphalt surface measuring 2,509 by 50 feet (765 x 15 m).

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 2,700 aircraft operations, an average of 225 per month: 56% air taxi and 44% general aviation. At that time there were 39 aircraft based at this airport: 90% single-engine, 8% multi-engine and 3% helicopter.

Airline and destinations 

The following airline offers scheduled passenger service at this airport:

Other airports in Tok 
 Tok Airport  was a state-owned public-use airport located at , two nautical miles (4 km) south of the central business district of Tok. It has one runway designated 13/31 with a 1,690 by 45 ft (515 x 14 m) gravel and turf surface.

 Tok 2 Airport  is a private-use airport located at , on the opposite side of Glenn Highway from the Tok Airport. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a 2,035 x 80 ft (620 x 24 m) gravel surface.

See also
 List of airports in Alaska

References

External links 

 FAA Alaska airport diagram (GIF)
 

Airports in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska
Mainsoft. Mainsoft is a software company, founded in 1993, that develops interoperability software products for Microsoft Windows and Linux/Unix platforms.

History

Founding 
Mainsoft was founded in 1993, mainly to propose integration products between Windows and other systems.

Mainsoft was one of the main providers for the Microsoft Windows Interface Source Environment (WISE) program, a licensing program from Microsoft that allowed developers to recompile and run Windows-based applications on Unix and Macintosh platforms. Its first product, MainWin, was an implementation of the Windows API for Unix systems such as Sun Solaris, AIX, HP-UX and UnixWare, offering "most of 600 Windows calls" and reportedly allowing Windows 3.0, and later 3.1, applications recompiled for target platforms to run natively at acceptable performance without recourse to emulation.

WISE software development kits (SDKs) were not directly provided by Microsoft. Instead Microsoft established partnerships to several software providers which in turn sold WISE SDKs to end-users.

After the WISE program, Microsoft extended its agreements with Mainsoft to port Windows Media Player 6.3 and Internet Explorer to Unix.

Microsoft integration 
Since then, Mainsoft activity shifted to integration of Microsoft SharePoint into IBM products (IBM Lotus Notes, IBM WebSphere, Rational Jazz) and products focusing on .NET Framework and JavaEE.

To be able to develop WISE SDKs, software providers needed to have access to Windows internals source code. In 2004, more than 30000 source files from Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0 were leaked to the internet. It was later discovered that the source of the leak originated from Mainsoft.

See also
Internet Explorer for UNIX
Grasshopper, a Mainsoft framework to allow the use of VisualBasic and C# applications on a Java Application Server

References

External links
Company website
MainWin, a Mainsoft platform allowing to port Windows applications to Unix and Linux

Companies established in 1993
Cloud computing providers
Software companies of Israel
Theodor Borchgrevink. Theodor Borchgrevink (16 February 1923 – 2 December 2015) was a Norwegian engineer of transport and highways. He worked in the United States during the advent of the Interstate Highway System, and returned to Norway in 1963 where he advanced to the upper echelon of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads.

Early life and career
He was born in Brooklyn, New York, but grew up in Stabekk. He enrolled at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1941, but the studies were interrupted by World War II. Borchgrevink fled from occupied Norway to England via Sweden, and was enrolled in the Royal Norwegian Air Force-in-exile where he worked in Belgium and the Netherlands. In the last war phase he was a member of the Norwegian Independent Company 1. After the war he resumed his studies, and graduated from the construction department of the Institute of Technology in 1948. He then moved to the United States, where he worked with construction of the Interstate Highway System. He lived in Monroe, Connecticut, and was active in the local Republican Party.

Later career
In 1962 he applied for the position as director of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads, and although he was among the strong candidates, the job was given to Karl Olsen. Nonetheless, he returned to Norway. From 1963 he headed the office which administered the northern part of the European route E6 in Oslo, a major project at the time. In 1967 he became head of the road department (Vegavdelingen), the third highest position in the Directorate of Public Roads. The name was changed to the administration department in 1971, and it absorbed the former planning department from 1972. Borchgrevink stepped down in 1984. From 1984 to 1992 he worked with road projects for the Directorate of Public Roads and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, in Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana and Madagascar.

He was married, and had four children. He resided at Stabekk for large parts of his life. He died in December 2015.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
People from Bærum
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Norwegian resistance members
Norwegian Special Operations Executive personnel
Norwegian engineers
Directorate of Public Roads people
People from Monroe, Connecticut
ROCAD Construction Limited. ROCAD Construction Limited is a construction company in Nigeria, a subsidiary of R&R Group. It is known for constructing some of Nigeria's infrastructure, roads and bridges.

History
ROCAD Construction Limited was incorporated 2002, the founding members Ronaldo Minaise and Roger Farajallah.

In December 2002, the company undertook its first construction project in Nigeria - the construction of the Kudaru Bridge linking Kano with Kaduna State.

Article Links
ROCAD Using Volvo on Boqaata Dam Middle-east

Top 10 Construction Companies
Federal Press Briefing OWO Bridge
Project Award
Mining Concession
Boqaata Dam Lebanon one of the Biggest in the Middle-east
federal Projects 
Honurable Minister Flags off Flyover
Recommendations
Quality works at Kano
federal Ministry Of works
Kano State recommends
Rocad Boqaata RCC Dam in the Middle east
Construction Of the Kano Underpass the first in Northern Nigeria

External links
Official website
R&R Group

Construction and civil engineering companies established in 2002
Construction and civil engineering companies of Nigeria
Nigerian companies established in 2002
Bolkhovitinov DB-A. The Bolkhovitinov DB-A (Dal'niy Bombardirovshchik-Akademiya – long-range bomber, academy) was a heavy bomber aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1934.

Development 
Bolkhovitinov became the head of the VVIA design group at the VVA Zhukovsky ( - VVS academy Zhukovsky ) tasked with the design of a replacement for the Tupolev TB-3 heavy bomber. The resulting DB-A was advanced for its day, with stressed skin aluminium alloy construction throughout with clean lines, neatly cowled engines and trousered main undercarriage legs, with fully retracting main-wheels and tail-wheel. The split flaps, undercarriage, nose turret and bomb-bay doors were all operated by a pneumatic system recharged by engine-driven compressors. Flight trials began on 2 May 1935 at Khodinka piloted by N.G. Kastanyev and Ya.N. Moseyev, factory tests were completed by April 1934 and NII testing was carried out in May and June 1935. The excellent performance demonstrated included, sustained flight at an altitude of 2,500 m (8,202 ft) with two engines shut down, and 4,500 km range.

A decision was made to fly nonstop from Moscow to the US, and the DB-A was modified to fly, at an overload weight of 34,700 kg (76,500 lb), carry enough fuel to fly 8,440 km (5,244 miles). The red-painted DB-A prototype under command of Sigizmund Levanevsky departed Shchyelkovo airport on 12 August 1937 on an attempt to fly to Fairbanks, Alaska. After 14 hours, 32 minutes, the crew sent a radio message that one engine had failed and gave a revised ETA for Fairbanks, but nothing further was heard from the DB-A, and the fate of the aircraft and crew remains a mystery.

A second aircraft with increased gross weight, improved airframe, re-designed nose and more power was completed and flown in March 1936 as the DB-2A. An order for 16 aircraft was placed late in 1937, with the designation DBA, but only twelve were completed due to the advent of the TB-7/Pe-8.

Variants 
 DB-A – The initial prototype aircraft, with M-34RN engines, lost on a nonstop flight Moscow to Fairbanks, Alaska.
 DB-2A – The second prototype with many detail improvements and M-34RNV engines.
 DBA – Production aircraft ordered in 1937. Sixteen aircraft ordered, but only twelve completed, with M-34FRN engines plus turbo-chargers, rearwards retracting main undercarriage, gunners cockpits in the rear of the inner engine nacelles, and other modifications.
 TK-1 TK ( - heavy cruiser) – Projected escort bomber with 11 crew, 3xShVAK + 3,000 rounds, 5xShKAS + 11,000 rounds and underwing rockets.

Specifications (DBA)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 
 Taylor, Michael J.H. . “ Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions. London. 1989.

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20100807150201/http://www.aviation.ru/Bolkhovitinov/
 http://www.1000aircraftphotos.com/APS/2811.htm
 http://ram-home.com/ram-old/db-a.html 
 http://ram-home.com/ram-old/tk-1.html 

1930s Soviet bomber aircraft
Samurai Princess. is a 2009 Japanese film directed by Kengo Kaji, described as ero guro action film. Special effects were produced by Yoshihiro Nishimura, who previously directed and created effects and makeup for Tokyo Gore Police, which Kengo Kaji wrote.

Plot
Samurai Princess takes place sometime, somewhere in an alternate universe version of feudal Japan, where people live together with highly developed mechanical dolls called "Mechas". However, excessively developed mechanical dolls start causing harm to human society, leading to ghastly bloodshed happening all over the place. Under the circumstances, Kyoraku, a mad scientist, creates a female ninja mechanical doll. Equipped with eleven types of built-in weapons, the ninja doll is also infused with the souls of eleven of her fallen sisters. She uses their combined power to take down anyone who stands in her way. Virtually indestructible, the ninja is on a quest to save humanity.

Cast
 Aino Kishi as Gedōhime (Samurai Princess)
 Dai Mizuno as Gekko
 Asuka Kataoka as Renjyo
 Mao Shiina as Mikaduki
 Miki Hirase as Mangetsu
 Sarasa Tani as Ruri
 Yū Aiba as Himawari
 Yukari Tateishi as Kogiku
 Rui Nanase as Koume
 Omu Taketomi as Samo
 Hiroyuki Kajima as Kujira
 Kentarō Shimazu as Shachi
 Mihiro as Kocho
 Mitsuru Karahashi as Kyoraku

Release
On June 20, 2009 Samurai Princess appeared in the New York Asian Film Festival. The film was first released theatrically in Japan on July 25, 2009 and a Japanese DVD version of the film came out on October 23, 2009. A version of the DVD with English subtitles was released on November 17, 2009. A second and third sequel were announced as of the time of the time of the American DVD release.

See also
Cinema of Japan

Notes

External links
Official site of the film

 Review at 10kbullets.com 
 Review at Twitchfilm.net 

2009 films
2009 science fiction action films
2000s Japanese films
2000s Japanese-language films
Japanese science fiction action films
Japanese splatter films
HMS Surprise (1856). HMS Surprise was a Vigilant-class gunvessel of the Royal Navy. She was launched at Blackwall Yard, London in 1856 and broken up in Plymouth in 1866.

Design
Her class were designed as second-class despatch and gunvessels.  They were intended to operate close inshore during the Crimean War and were essentially enlarged versions of the Arrow-class gunvessel, which has been designed by the Surveyor’s Department in 1854.

Propulsion
A two-cylinder horizontal single expansion steam engine by Miller, Ravenhill and Salkeld provided  through a single screw, and gave a top speed of about 11 knots.

Sail plan
All Vigilant-class gunvessels were barque-rigged.

Armament
Although designed with a pair of 68-pounder Lancaster muzzle-loading rifles, the Vigilant class were finished with one / Armstrong breech-loading gun, one  Lancaster muzzle-loading rifled gun and two 20-pounder breech loaders.

Construction
Surprise was ordered on 26 July 1855 at the same time as nine others of her class.  Her keel was laid at the Blackwall yard of Money Wigram & Son on 30 August and she was launched on 6 March 1856.

History
From 18 March 1856 she was commanded by Commander Charles Egerton Harcourt-Vernon, and he commissioned her at Blackwall on 12 April the same year. From 1857 under Commander Cresswell the ship served in the East Indies including the Second Anglo-Chinese War, and from 1861 she formed part of the Mediterranean Fleet. Between August 1864 and 24 April 1866 she was commanded by George Tryon, later to become infamous as the Admiral who caused the loss in 1893 of his flagship HMS Victoria during fleet manoeuvres.

Disposal
Surprise was sold to Marshall of Plymouth and broken up in November 1866.

Commanding officers

References

Sources

Vigilant-class gunvessels
Ships built by the Blackwall Yard
1856 ships
Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
Center axle disconnect. A center axle disconnect system or CAD is an alternative to locking hubs. CAD systems are typically used in front drive axles on four wheel drive vehicles. A CAD system works by having an axle shaft (typically the longer shaft) split into two pieces. One piece is connected to the carrier, the other connected to the wheel. This reduces drag on the axle by allowing only the spider and side gears to spin, while the differential carrier, pinion and drive shaft are at rest (as is the inner portion of the disconnected long shaft and its associated side gear). The axle is engaged by connecting the two split axle shafts. The ends of the axles are typically splined and use a collar to connect the two shafts together by sliding over both shafts.

Comparison with locking hubs
Although a widely used system, this system is not as efficient as a system with locking hubs. A CAD system spins the axle shafts, spider gears, and side gears in the carrier during normal driving. Locking hubs disengage the axle at the wheels, allowing all of the axle to be at rest during normal driving. Nevertheless, a CAD system still makes for much less drag than having the axle completely locked in (which would spin the axles, differential, driveshaft and part of the internals of the transfer case).

Like locking hubs, the CAD system is designed to improve fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Other, often debated, benefits of CAD systems are reduced vibration, axle wear, and noise, as well as improved steering and drivability.

Advantages and disadvantages
Unlike locking hubs, CAD systems are generally automatic and engaged when the vehicle is placed in four wheel drive. Due to the lack of driver control over the CAD, it is not as well known to the public as manual locking hubs are (but no different from automatic locking hubs in terms of driver involvement, and manual hubs are rare on modern 4x4 vehicles).

Locking hubs are obtrusive and damage can occur that can cause the four wheel drive system to fail — damage that would not be an issue in a CAD system. However CAD systems are mostly vacuum controlled and damage can occur to the vacuum system and to the CAD itself. Rotting of vacuum lines will cause the four wheel drive system to fail — damage that would not be an issue with locking hubs.

Later CAD systems
Ram Trucks used the CAD from 1994-2001. In 2002 it was phased out of the 2500 and 3500, leaving some late models without a CAD system. Ram 2013 model year trucks began using a CAD system again, this time electronically controlled instead of vacuum.

External links
 4x4Wire: Center Axle  Function and Trail Repair Explained
 G2 Axle & Gear: A Thru D on Gear & Axle-related products.

Automotive engineering
Automotive accessories
Michael Georgeff. Michael Peter Georgeff is a computer scientist and entrepreneur who has made contributions in the areas of Intelligent Software Agents and eHealth.

Georgeff is a former program director in the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International, Menlo Park, California, and former director of the Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute Ltd., at the University of Melbourne. Georgeff is founder and chief executive officer of Precedence Health Care and Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences at Monash University.

Early life and education 
Georgeff has a BSc in Physics and Mathematics from Melbourne University, Australia, a B.E. in Aeronautical Engineering from Sydney University, and a PhD from Imperial College London.

Career 
While at SRI International, Georgeff was involved in the development of the Procedural Reasoning System and its application to monitor the Reaction Control System of the NASA Space Shuttle Discovery in 1997. Georgeff's work on PRS popularized the field of Intelligent agents and defined the Belief–Desire–Intention (BDI) software model for programming intelligent agents. In 1988, Georgeff was invited back to Australia to start the Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute which continued work developing and commercializing intelligent agent technology. While at the AAII, Georgeff started Agentis International to explore the commercialization of intelligent agent technology.

Georgeff was instrumental in at least the following contributions to the field of Intelligent Software Agents: Procedural Reasoning System: An intelligent agent architecture and framework and seminal example of the BDI software model; and Belief–Desire–Intention: An intentional software framework for programming intelligent agents based on the BDI cognitive model.

In the early 2000s, Georgeff joined Monash University as director of the e-Health Research Unit of the Monash Institute of Health Services Research, to investigate the application of advanced ICT to health and medicine. Georgeff founded and is CEO of Precedence Health Care, a company dedicated to investigating the commercialization of eHealth technology.

He was the academic supervisor of Rodney Brooks (former director of the MIT Media lab, and founder of IRobot), and Christian Guttmann (global head of Artificial Intelligence and Vice President at Tieto, professor at UNSW).

He was elected an AAAI Fellow in 1995.

References

External links 
 
 
 
 
 Agentis Software
 DBLP: Michael P. Georgeff
 Monash University e-Health Research Unit
 Precedence Health Care Homepage

Artificial intelligence researchers
Australian computer scientists
Australian cognitive scientists
Living people
SRI International people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Pencil bomb attacks. The pencil bomb attacks were used in multiple acts of state-sponsored terrorism by Imperial Germany during World War I. The pencil bombs were a type of incendiary time bomb. It was designed by German chemist Walter Scheele and used by German field agent Captain Franz von Rintelen of the  intelligence wing of the German Imperial Navy during World War I.

Design 
When the bomb prototype was first shown to Rintelen by Scheele it was a hollow cylinder of lead the size of a large cigar. Into the middle of the tube a circular disc of copper had been pressed and soldered, dividing it into two chambers. One of these chambers was filled with picric acid, the other with sulfuric acid or some other nonflammable liquid. A strong plug made of wax with a simple lead cap made both ends airtight. The copper disc could be as thick or as thin as desired. If it were thick, the two acids on either side took a long time to eat their way through. If it were thin, the mingling of the two acids would occur within a few days. By regulating the thickness of the disc it was possible to determine the time when the acids should come together. This formed a safe and efficient time-fuse. When the two acids mingled at the appointed time, a silent but intense flame, from twenty to thirty centimetres long, shot out from both ends of the tube, and while it was still burning the lead casing melted away, leaving very little evidence of the source of the fire.

Use 
Von Rintelen and his ring of German agents would slip the bombs onto ships carrying munitions bound for war. The incendiary device ignited cargos when ships were far at sea. It was estimated later that he alone had destroyed $10 million (USD $ million in ) worth of cargo on 36 ships.

Manufacture 
The first batch of bombs was manufactured on the SS Friedrich Der Grosse, a Norddeutscher Lloyd liner that at the outset of World War I was interned by the United States in New York harbour.  German sailors from the ship helped in manufacture.  The SS Phoebus was chosen as a test case and as was reported in the Shipping News, "Accidents. S.S. Phoebus from New York—destination Archangel—caught fire at sea. Brought into port of Liverpool by H.M.S. Ajax."

See also 
 Improvised explosive device
 Pencil detonator

Bibliography  
Notes

References 

 - Total pages: 271

Bombs
Espionage scandals and incidents
Improvised explosive devices
Terrorist incidents in the 1910s
Terrorism committed by the German Empire
World War I spies for Germany
Terrorist incidents involving incendiary devices
Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride. Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride is a coordination compound of palladium containing two triphenylphosphine and two chloride ligands. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in some organic solvents.  It is used for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, e.g. the Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction. The complex is square planar. Many analogous complexes are known with different phosphine ligands.

Preparation and reactions 
This compound may be prepared by treating palladium(II) chloride with triphenylphosphine:
PdCl2  +  2 PPh3  →   PdCl2(PPh3)2
Upon reduction with hydrazine in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine, the complex is a precursor to tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, Pd(PPh3)4:
2 PdCl2(PPh3)2  +  4 PPh3 + 5 N2H4  →  2 Pd(PPh3)4  +  N2  +  4 N2H5+Cl−

Structure
Several crystal structures containing PdCl2(PPh3)2 have been reported. In all of the structures, PdCl2(PPh3)2 adopts a square planar coordination geometry and the trans isomeric form.

Applications
The complex is used as a pre-catalyst for a variety of coupling reactions.
 
The Suzuki reaction was once limited by high levels of catalyst and the limited availability of boronic acids. Replacements for halides were also found, increasing the number of coupling partners for the halide or pseudohalide as well. Using bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride as the catalyst, triflates and boronic acids have been coupled on an 80 kilogram scale in good yield.  The same catalyst is effective for the Sonogashira coupling.

See also
 Bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) chloride
 Bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) chloride

References

Palladium compounds
Triphenylphosphine complexes
Chloro complexes