omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Christmas Aeroplane Company. The Christmas Aeroplane Company was an American aircraft manufacturer.

History
It was founded in October 1909 to produce an aircraft, initially with $1,200 in funding, followed by an additional $2,500. Its founder Dr. William Whitney Christmas had claimed to build and fly his first aircraft, the "Red Bird I" in 1908 becoming the second person to fly an aircraft after the Wright Brothers. The Christmas aeroplane company built its first aircraft, the "Red Bird II" at College Park Maryland with a claimed flight on 15 October 1911. The "Red Bird III" was built in the spring of 1912, with a contract from the U.S. Postal service to deliver Air Mail.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Aviation in Washington, D.C.
American companies established in 1909
1909 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1912
1912 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.
Manufacturing companies established in 1909
Dorad Power Station. The Dorad power station is a power station in Ashkelon, Israel. It is a combined cycle power station powered by  natural gas.

Dorad is the second largest independent power station in the country. It can generate up to a total of 840 megawatts of electricity, which is sold to the IEC and to large industrial/institutional customers through the IEC's distribution grid. The major owners of the station are the EAPC, the Turkish Zorlu Energy and a group of Israeli businessmen.

The station is located near the IEC's Rutenberg Power Station (a large thermal power station), and is situated on the grounds of the EAPC's complex in Ashkelon. It features twelve General Electric LM6000-PC Sprint 48MW gas turbines arranged in two blocks of six turbines each, with each block connected to a 140MW combined cycle steam turbine manufactured by Škoda Power. The gas turbines' operation will be enhanced through the injection of ultra-purified water supplied from the adjacent Ashkelon desalinization plant, one of the largest of its kind in the world.

As of 2020, Dorad is seeking approval from the national planning authorities for the addition of a 650MW generation unit and a 80MWh grid energy storage battery installation to the site.

In May 2023, it was announced that Prime Minister Netanyahu's Government approved an expansion of the Dorad power station.

References

Natural gas-fired power stations in Israel
HDMS Diana (P520). HDMS Diana is the first of six vessels in the Diana-class built to patrol in the Danish territorial waters. The ship is named after the Roman goddess of the hunt. Diana, like all her sister ships, was built in Faaborg yard.

The ship was built to replace the aging Barsø class, which had become obsolete. The ship is equipped with a single Stan Flex container position, but is unable to accommodate all types of containers due to configuration issues. The position is primarily used for environmental projects and will utilize either a storage module or an anti-pollution module. Diana carries a water-jet propelled RHIB which is placed on a slide aft and can be hoisted and taken in almost any weather. The vessels are approved for operation in 10 cm ice.

The ships are designed to perform tasks such as monitoring and maritime policing, peacekeeping, search and rescue including preparedness for decompression sickness, environmental (pollution control) and acute explosive ordnance disposal, including the clearance of gas and ammunition.

References 

2006 ships
Diana-class patrol vessels
Ships built in Denmark
Thermally isolated system. In thermodynamics, a thermally isolated system can exchange no mass or heat energy with its environment. The internal energy of a thermally isolated system may therefore change due to the exchange of work energy. The entropy of a thermally isolated system will increase over time if it is not at equilibrium, but as long as it is at equilibrium, its entropy will be at a maximum and constant value and will not change, no matter how much work energy the system exchanges with its environment. To maintain this constant entropy, any exchange of work energy with the environment must therefore be quasi-static in nature in order to ensure that the system remains essentially at equilibrium during the process.

The opposite of a thermally isolated system is a thermally open system, which allows the transfer of heat energy and entropy. Thermally open systems may vary, however, in the rate at which they equilibrate, depending on the nature of the boundary of the open system. At equilibrium, the temperatures on both sides of a thermally open boundary are equal. At equilibrium, only a thermally isolating boundary can support a temperature difference.

See also
 Closed system
 Dynamical system
 Mechanically isolated system
 Open system
 Thermodynamic system
 Isolated system

References

Thermodynamic systems
USCGC Smilax. USCGC Smilax (WAGL/WLIC-315) is a  United States Coast Guard Cosmos-class inland construction tender. Commissioned in 1944, Smilax is the "Queen of the Fleet", the oldest commissioned U.S. Coast Guard cutter.

History
Smilax was built by Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works in Dubuque, Iowa.  Her keel was laid on 26 November 1943, she was launched on 18 August 1944, and commissioned 1 November 1944.  Built as a 100-foot bay and sound tender at a cost of $194,238, she required a year to build at a time when most ships were built in 40 days, making her the most expensive ship of her class.

After commissioning, Smilax was assigned to the Seventh District and was stationed at Fort Pierce, Florida where she engaged in the aids to navigation mission. From 1 June 1954 to 9 November 1965, she was homeported out of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. While stationed in Florida she assisted on several search and rescue cases.

After twenty years of service, Smilax was refitted with new engines, and given a  barge. On 9 November 1965, she moved to Brunswick, Georgia as her new homeport, carrying out the aids to navigation mission for that area. She was redesignated WLI-315 in 1966, and WLIC-315 on 1 October 1979.

In July 1999, Smilax moved to her current homeport of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, relieving her sister ship  of her aids to navigation duties.

Mission
Smilaxs mission, since her commissioning, has been to service aids to navigation, ensuring the safe navigation of mariners. From her current homeport she is responsible for maintaining 1,226 fixed aids to navigation such as lights and range markers.  She is also responsible for 26 buoys throughout the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

Queen of the Fleet

On 11 March 2011, upon the decommissioning of , Smilax became Queen of the Fleet.  Queen of the Fleet is the oldest commissioned cutter in Coast Guard service. This distinction is denoted by gold hull numbers on the bow of the ship.

Awards

Presidential Unit Citation
Secretary of Transportation Outstanding Unit Award
Coast Guard Unit Commendation
Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation
Coast Guard Bicentennial Unit Commendation
American Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal (4th award)
Humanitarian Service Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Sea Service Deployment Ribbon

References

External links

Historic American Engineering Record in North Carolina
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
1944 ships
Ships built by Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works
Mechanically isolated system. In thermodynamics, a mechanically isolated system is a system that is mechanically constrained to disallow deformations, so that it cannot perform any work on its environment. It may however, exchange heat across the system boundary.

For a simple system, mechanical isolation is equivalent to a state of constant volume and any process which occurs in such a simple system is said to be isochoric. 

The opposite of a mechanically isolated system is a mechanically open system, which allows the transfer of mechanical energy. For a simple system, a mechanically open boundary is one that is allowed to move under pressure differences between the two sides of the boundary. At mechanical equilibrium, the pressures on both sides of a mechanically open boundary are equal, but only a mechanically isolating boundary can support pressure differences.

See also
 Closed system
 Thermally isolated system
 Dynamical system
 Open system
 Thermodynamic system
 Isolated system

References

Thermodynamic systems
Parasoft Virtualize. Parasoft Virtualize is a service virtualization product that can create, deploy, and manage simulated test environments for software development and software testing purposes. These environments simulate the behavior of dependent resources that are unavailable, difficult to access, or difficult to configure for development or testing. It simulates the behavior of dependent resources such as  mainframes, ERP systems, databases, web services, third-party information systems, or other systems that are out of direct developer/tester control.
The product is used in conjunction with hardware/OS virtualization to provide developers and testers with the resources they need to execute their development and testing tasks earlier, faster, or more completely. Its technologies for automating continuous testing are used as part of continuous delivery, continuous integration, and continuous release.

Background
In 2002, Parasoft released technology to "create service implementation stubs which emulate critical functionality that cannot be made available for testing.". This technology was introduced in Parasoft SOAtest.  Since 2002, the technology was extended with "intelligent stubs [that] emulate the behaviour of a running system, allowing the developer to test services in the context of an application's actual behaviour and not on the live running system.". In 2009, the technology was extended with "application behavior virtualization," which can "create copies of both applications and back-end systems so a developer can reference such applications or systems when developing software."
The technology was extended and released as a separate product in 2011.

Parasoft created a free community edition in 2017 that allows individual users and small projects to use service virtualization at no cost.

See also

 Service virtualization
 Automated testing
 Software testing
 Agile software development
 Software performance testing

References

Web service development tools
Software testing tools
Future Internet testbeds experimentation between BRazil and Europe. Future Internet testbeds / experimentation between BRazil and Europe (FIBRE) is a research project co-funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Council for Scientific and Technological Development or CNPq) of Brazil and the European Commission under the seventh of the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FP7).

Objectives 
The project claimed it would design, implementation and validate a shared Future Internet research facility, enabling experimental research into network infrastructure and distributed applications.

Programmable test networks can lower the barrier to entry for new ideas, increasing the rate of innovation in network infrastructure. Virtualization of networks is accomplished by the use of virtual routers and the multiplexing of links between them. These programmable testbed networks call for programmable switches and routers that, using virtualization, can process information flows for multiple isolated experimental networks simultaneously. It is envisaged that a researcher will be allocated a slice of resources across the whole network, consisting of a portion of network links, packet processing elements (e.g. routers) and end-hosts; researchers can program their slices to behave as they wish. A slice could extend across the backbone, into access networks, into college campuses, industrial research labs, and include wireless networks, sensor networks, and may (or should) include real users of the applications it supports.

Deployment 
FIBRE is composed of several experimentation nodes, called islands, across Europe and Brazil. Two of the three European islands are based on a part of the Future Internet Research and Experimentation project called OpenFlow in Europe (OFELIA) that used OpenFlow deployed by the University of Bristol  and the i2CAT Foundation in Barcelona.

The third European island is based on the NITOS testbed, maintained by the Network Implementation Testbed Laboratory of the University of Thessaloniki in Greece as part of OneLab2 and OpenLab projects. In Brazil, ten islands are being deployed in several universities from all the country.

References

External links

Computer science research organizations
Internet architecture
MEISTeR. The Maintenance Equipment Integrated System of Telecontrol Robot (MEISTeR) is a service robot by the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). It was specifically designed to work at the devastated Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

It was presented to the public on December 6, 2012.

History
After the 9.0 earthquake and subsequent tsunami that hit Japan on March 11, 2011, and the destruction of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the industry went on a quest of providing robots able to do dangerous work at the power plant. One such solution was the HAL exoskeleton. However, the HAL exoskeleton required a human pilot. On November 23, 2012, Toshiba presented a Tetrapod which failed during the presentation.

Until recently, MHI had only created a household communication robot and the MARS-D robot. As a constructor of 20 nuclear plants in Japan, it was natural for the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to respond to the crisis with their own robot.

Design
The MEISTeR (German for master) is a twin-armed four-tracked robot. It is based on the Rabot robot and the experimental MARS-D robot, designed as a nuclear plant inspector. It stands , is  wide,  long, and weights in at . Its robotic arms have seven degrees of freedom(=seven axes) just like a human arm and can lift  each. Unlike the MARS-D robot MEISTeR is robust enough to withstand the radiation environment. The remote-controlled robot can attached with a variety of tools to its hands such as cutters and drills, clear obstacles, and pierce through concrete to check radiation levels. A special tool has been developed that can take samples from walls and concrete floors in contaminated areas with a depth up to . It can move at up to  and negotiates uneven terrain, including stairsteps up to  on its four independently moving tank tracks. It has an expected working time of two hours.

References

External links

Robots of Japan
Assistive technology
The Microtransat Challenge. The Microtransat Challenge is a competition to design and build a sailboat under 2.4 meters in length capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean without human interaction. There are two classes, sailing and non-sailing, and two divisions, autonomous, which does not allow any human interaction with the boat, and uncrewed, which allows any data including a change of course to be sent to the boat.

The challenge was originally conceived in 2005 by Mark Neal of Aberystwyth University and Yves Briere of ISAE. The first attempt was made on September 11, 2010, by Pinta from Aberystwyth University. According to the organizers, the goal of the challenge is to contribute to ocean-monitoring platforms, as well as provide a learning opportunity. There have been more than 30 attempts; all but one have ended in failure.

The challenge requires entries to use one of two predefined sets of end points. The first is to sail between a start line off the coast of Great Britain and a finish between the Bahamas and Florida, whilst the second is from a start line off the east coast of North America and a finish line on the west coast of Ireland. Competitors can begin whenever they wish, but rules specify that boats should report their position to competition organizers at least once every six hours.

In 2018, SB Met, built by Norwegian company Offshore Sensing AS, became the first and only vehicle to complete the Microtransat Challenge, as well as the first unmanned surface vehicle (USV) to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The vehicle was deployed from Newfoundland on June 7, 2018, and arrived off the coast of Ireland 79 days later, on August 26, 2018.

References

External resources 
 The Microtransat Challenge (website)
 Snoopy's GPS Guided Trans-Atlantic Robot Boat
 Team Joker
 Autonomous
 Åland University Sailing Robots
 University of Ljubljana Microtransat Challenge

Recurring events established in 2006
Robotic sailing competitions
Edgwarebury Brook. Edgwarebury Brook is a small stream in Edgware in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a tributary of Deans Brook, which is a tributary of the Silk Stream, which is a tributary of the River Brent, which is a tributary of the River Thames.

The brook rises near Bury Farm on Edgwarebury Lane. It flows south to skirt the western edge of Edgwarebury Park and then goes under Edgware Way and through Edgware to join Deans Brook behind Brook Avenue.

The brook goes through three Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) in its short length. The upper part is the Edgwarebury Brook SINC, a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II. It then passes through Edgware Way Grassland, a Site of Metropolitan Importance, and on to Edgwarebury Park, a Site of Local Importance. After it passes under Edgware Way the water quality is poor and it is mainly culverted, so this last part is not an SINC.

Edgwarebury Brook SINC goes through private land, but it can be viewed near its source next to Edgwarebury Lane. There is extensive floating sweet-grass, with clumps of brooklime and water-pepper. Old oak trees are thought to be relics of ancient field boundaries.

See also
 Nature reserves in Barnet

References

Rivers of London
Nature reserves in the London Borough of Barnet
3Edgewarebury
USCG inland construction tender. An inland construction tender is a type of ship used to build and service shore structures such as piers and buoy trestles.  It is also used to maintain buoys and aids to navigation.  Less frequently, they may be used for law enforcement, environmental, icebreaking, and search and rescue operations.

The United States Coast Guard currently has three classes of inland construction tenders designated as WLIC.

160-foot class inland construction tender

100-foot class inland construction tender

75-foot class inland construction tender

See also
USCG coastal buoy tender
USCG inland buoy tender
USCG seagoing buoy tender

References

Construction Tender Inland
Rytec Corporation. Rytec Corporation is an American manufacturer of high-cycle, high-speed doors for industrial and commercial applications. Headquartered in Jackson, Wisconsin, Rytec is considered a North American leader in the development, manufacture and sale of high-performance doors.

Overview 

In 1985, Paul Reilly Jr. founded Rytec Corporation in Addison, Illinois. Under a license agreement with Labex GmbH (which later became a division of the Hörmann Group), Rytec manufactured and sold high-speed folding doors in the United States. Widespread adoption of this product in cold storage environments helped establish the viability of the high-speed door concept in North America. In 1987, Rytec moved to a larger facility on Eagle Drive in Jackson, Wisconsin. Several years later, in 1990, Rytec developed the first high-speed rolling door that could withstand accidental impacts and reset without tools.

Donald P. Grasso and Fred L. Turner purchased Rytec Corporation in 1994. In 1996, Rytec built a new a facility on Cedar Parkway in Jackson, Wisconsin, which was subsequently expanded in 2001 and 2006. This expanded facility increased manufacturing capacity and included a research and development facility with a wind tunnel for door testing. , Don Grasso is the principal shareholder, Chairman and CEO.

In January 2018, Rytec purchased the former Steel Craft building in Hartford, Wisconsin, which signals a major product expansion.

Recognition 
In 1994, the Wisconsin Society of Professional Engineers presented Rytec with the Governor's New Products Award. That same year, the company received its first of 5 Plant Engineering magazine's Product of the Year awards for product innovation. It was recognized in Professional Door Dealer magazine's Best of Business poll as Best High-Speed Doors in 2010, 2011 and 2012; Best Green Products in 2011; and Most Innovative Products in 2012.

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA) is an organic compound related to naphthalene. The compound is a beige solid. NTDA is most commonly used as a precursor to naphthalenediimides (NDIs) (such as napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide), a family of compounds with many uses.

Synthesis and structure

Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is prepared by oxidation of pyrene. Typical oxidants are chromic acid and chlorine. The unsaturated tetrachloride hydrolyzes to enols that tautomerize to the bis-dione, which in turn can be oxidized to the tetracarboxylic acid.

Naphthalene diimides
Symmetrical naphthalene diimides are synthesized by the condensation reaction of primary amines and the dianhydride. Unsymmetrical derivatives, i.e. those derived from two different amines, are obtained by hydrolysis of one of the two anhydride groups prior to the condensation with the first amine.

These diimides are members of a broader class of compounds called rylenes, oligomers of naphthalene with bonds between the 1 and 1' and 8 and 8' positions. The resulting materials have rigidly planar, highly conjugated cores. They exhibit good processing characteristics for fabrication of soft electronic devices. Aside from the NDIs, other members include the diimide derivatives of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and terrylene-3,4:11,12-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

Naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are often fluorescent, although the intensity is sensitive to substituents. NDIs are also redox-active, forming stable radical anions near -1.10 V vs. Fc/Fc+. Their ability to accept electrons reflects the presence of an extended conjugated ring system and the electron withdrawing groups (carbonyl centers). NDIs are used in supramolecular chemistry due to their tendency to form charge-transfer complexes with crown ethers, e.g. to give rotaxanes and catenanes. As another consequence of their planar structure and electron-acceptor properties, NDIs intercalate into DNA.

A range of amines can be condensed with the dianhydride. For example, two useful pigments of the perinone class are generated by condensation with phenylenediamine. A variety of ligands with NDI backbones have also been prepared.

References

Carboxylic anhydrides
Naphthalenes