omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
GMC AC 454. The GMC AC 454 is a truck model that the GMC manufactured from 1940 on.

Technical data and history
The GMC AC 454 is a military truck build by the General Motors Company in the USA. It was used in World War II.
The truck has a bridge construction. It has an onboard voltage of 12 volts. In the Swiss army the GMC AC 454 received the designation Lastw. Gl 3.5T 4x2 (off-road truck with 3.5t payload). The Swiss army used about 90 of these trucks.
In 1971 a few GMC AC 454 were rebuilt by Pius Lang from the "Military-Motorfahrer-Gesellschaft des Kantons Zug" with Wood gas generator. The Wood gas generators were mounted on civilian trucks during the Second World War. Such a rebuilt GMC AC 454 is now located in the Zuger Depot Technikgeschichte (Zug depot of technical history).

Pictures

References

Zuger Depot Technikgeschichte

Military trucks of Switzerland
Off-road vehicles
Static load testing. Static load testing is an in situ type of load testing used in geotechnical investigation to determine the bearing capacity of deep foundations prior to the construction of a building. It differs from the statnamic load test and dynamic load testing in that the pressure applied to the pile is slower. Static load testings are performed in order to measure a design's axial tension or axial compression. It can also be used to measure its deflected shape under lateral load.

Kentledge load testing method
Kentledge refers to iron weights used as permanent ship  ballast, or iron or concrete weights used in load testing. This method involves the construction of a platform upon which massive weights are placed. These weights bear down on the pile putting it under load. Gauges measure resistance, movement of the pile, and other readings to determine the properties of the ground.

Bi-Directional pile load testing method
Bi-Directional Static Load Test is a steadfast Maintained Load Test option for both large and small diameter piles that is widely used in the market. The main difference between a top-loaded maintained load test and a Bi-Directional is the location of the jack. One of the types of bi-directional method is YJACK method.

References

External links

In situ foundation tests
Deep foundations
Kentledge. Kentledge or kentledge weights, are slabs or blocks of concrete or iron (usually pig iron, sometimes with a cast-in handle to assist moving). They are used within ships or boats as permanent, high-density ballast. They may also be used as counterweights in cranes such as tower cranes or swing bridges as is found in the Victoria Swing Bridge. On construction sites, prior to the erection of a building, static load testing may use a large number of kentledge stacked onto a platform. This platform is used to drive piles into the ground beneath to test the integrity of the foundation.

References

Mechanisms (engineering)
Watercraft components
Shun Lien Chuang. Shun Lien Chuang  (, September 10, 1954 –  March 26, 2014) was a Taiwanese-American electrical engineer, optical engineer, and physicist. He was a Fellow of the IEEE, OSA, APS and JSPS, and professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Career 
Chuang received a B.S. in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University (1976), and M.S. (1980), E.E. (1981), and Ph.D. (1983) degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1983, he joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he remained until his retirement in 2012.

He is the author of a leading textbook on the physical theories for lasers and allied devices, Physics of Photonic Devices (2009).

Awards and honors 

Elected member of the Board of Governors, IEEE Photonics Society, 2009–2011.

Humboldt Senior Research Award, Humboldt Foundation, Germany, 2008–2009.

William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award, "For contributions to the development of the fundamental theories of strained quantum-well lasers and the physics of optoelectronics devices." IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optical Society (LEOS), 2007.

Engineering Excellence Award, Optical Society of America, 2004.

Distinguished Lecturer Award, IEEE/LEOS Society, 2004–2005; and 2005–2006.

Honorable Mention/Graduate and Professional Teaching Award, UIUC, 2004.

Fellow, American Physical Society, 2003, "For the development of the fundamental theories of strained quantum-well lasers and terahertz generation from semiconductors."

EPSRC Fellow/Visiting Professor 2002 at Cavendish Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, Cambridge University.  Sponsored by Engineering and Physical Science Research Council, UK.

Fellow Award, IEEE, 1997, "For contributions to the theory of strained quantum-well semiconductor lasers and the physics of optoelectronic devices."

Fellow, Optical Society of America, 1997, "For contributions to the theories of strained quantum-well lasers and terahertz generation from semiconductors."

Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 1996.

Associate, The Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois, 1995–96

Andersen Consulting Award for Excellence in Advising, UIUC, 1994

References 

1954 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American physicists
20th-century Taiwanese engineers
20th-century Taiwanese physicists
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American physicists
21st-century Taiwanese engineers
21st-century Taiwanese physicists
American electrical engineers
Electrical engineering academics
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Physical Society
MIT School of Engineering alumni
National Taiwan University alumni
Optical engineers
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Lionel Stoléru. Lionel Guy Stoléru (22 November 1937 – 30 November 2016) was a French politician and civil servant.  He was also an orchestra founder and conductor.

His father, Ilie, was a Romanian immigrant from Vaslui. Stoléru was born in Nantes and attended the École polytechnique, where he studied to be a mining engineer and graduated in 1956. Stoléru continued his studies at the École des Mines de Paris, and also did graduate studies at Stanford University in the US, earning a doctorate in economics with Kenneth Arrow.

From 1963 to 1965, Stoléru was a mining engineer in the Douai arrondissement.  He was an academic at the Ecole polytechnique (Paris), and later at the Ecole des Mines de Paris, between 1969 and 1988.  He also served in the cabinet of French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing as an economic advisor, beginning in 1969.  He subsequently held several administrative posts in several French governments:

 Secrétaire d'État chargé de la condition des travailleurs manuels (1974–1978)
 Secrétaire d'État chargé des travailleurs manuels et immigrés (1978–1981)
 Secrétaire d'État auprès du Premier ministre, chargé du Plan (1988–1991)

Stoléru learned the piano in his early years. In 1988, he formed the Orchestre Romantique Européen (ORE), and remained affiliated with the ORE until its disbandment in 2013.  He was named a Commander of the Legion of Honour in December 2015.

Stoléru and his wife Francine Wolff, who died in 2009, had one daughter, Emmanuelle. He died in Paris in 2016 aged 79.

Honours
On 31 December 2015, he was awarded the Legion of Honour in the grade of Commander.

References

Selected publications
 L'Impératif industriel (1968)
 Vaincre la pauvreté dans les pays riches (1974)
 La France à deux vitesses (1982)
 L'Alternance tranquille (1985)
 L'Ambition internationale (1987)
 L'Économie (1999)
 Une écoute du romantisme (2011)

1937 births
2016 deaths
Politicians from Nantes
Jewish French politicians
French people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Ecology Generation politicians
Secretaries of State of France
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French classical composers
French male classical composers
French conductors (music)
French male conductors (music)
École Polytechnique alumni
Corps des mines
Stanford University alumni
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
Musicians from Nantes
Lower Mettur Hydroelectric Project. Lower Mettur Hydroelectric Project is a hydropower generation project in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a 120MW power generation project constructed across the Kaveri River. The project area is in the downstream of Mettur Dam, hence it derives the name. This project consists of four power plants which are located between Mettur in Salem district and Bhavani, Erode. This power generation project is owned by Government of Tamil Nadu and operated by TANGEDCO.

Power Plants
This project involves a series of power plants each with Barrage type Dam, constructed across the River Kaveri to divert the stream to where the power house is located. It consists of four Barrages each of which receives water current in a serial manner.
 Power Plant-I : Named as Chekkanur Barrage with Hydroelectric power generation capacity of 30MW. This Barrage has one powerhouse and two turbine units, each of 15MW production capacity.
 Power Plant-II : Named as Nerinjipettai Barrage with Hydroelectric power generation capacity of 30MW. This Barrage has one powerhouse on the western banks of the river and two turbines, each of 15MW Capacity.
 Power Plant-III : Named as Kuthiraikkalmedu Barrage with Hydroelectric power generation capacity of 30MW. This Barrage has one powerhouse on the western banks of the river and two turbines, each of 15MW Capacity.
 Power Plant-IV : Named as Urachikottai Barrage with Hydroelectric power generation capacity of 30MW. This Barrage has one powerhouse on the western banks of the river and two turbines, each of 15MW Capacity.

References

Erode district
Salem district
Hydroelectric power stations in Tamil Nadu
1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Energy infrastructure completed in 1988
20th-century architecture in India
The Jaffna (aircraft). The Jaffna (MALAYA No. 11 (Fighter) The Jaffna) was a Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2 aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps. It was given to the British Government during World War I by Ceylonese Tamils who had emigrated from Jaffna to Malaya, on 22 December 1915. The Jaffna was allocated to No. 25 Squadron.

The aircraft is considered as one of Sri Lanka's aviation historical fact and example of patriotism.

References

Individual aircraft
1910s British military aircraft
Bhavani Kattalai Hydroelectric Project. Bhavani Kattalai Hydroelectric Project is a hydropower generation project in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a 90MW power generation project constructed across the Kaveri River. The project area is in the downstream of Lower Mettur Hydroelectric Project. This project consists of three power plants which are located between Bhavani and Pasur, Erode. This hydropower generation project is owned by Government of Tamil Nadu and operated by TANGEDCO.

Power Plants
This power generation project consists of three power plants totaling to a generating capacity of 90MW. This project uses three Barrage type Dams constructed along the River Kaveri from which it gets the required water current. 

 Power Plant-I : Bhavani Kattalai Power Plant-I which consists of one powerhouse located between BP Agraharam in Erode district and Samayasangili in Namakkal district. A Barrage Dam has been constructed across Kaveri in this plant named as Samayasangili Barrage. This plant has a production capacity of 30MW using two turbines of 15MW each. 
 Power Plant-II : Bhavani Kattalai Power Plant-II which consists of one powerhouse located between Vendipalayam in Erode district and Odapalli in Namakkal district. The Barrage Dam in this plant named as Vendipalayam Barrage. This plant with a production capacity of 30MW using two turbines of 15MW each has been commissioned in 2011. 
 Power Plant-III : Bhavani Kattalai Power Plant-III which consists of one powerhouse located between Pasur in Erode district and Solasiramani in Namakkal district. Solasiramani Barrage plant has a production capacity of 30MW with two turbines each of 15MW capacity.

References

Erode district
Namakkal district
Hydroelectric power stations in Tamil Nadu
Energy infrastructure completed in 1988
1988 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Institut catholique d'arts et métiers. Located in six cities in France, Institut catholique d'arts et métiers is a Graduate Engineering school created in 1898. It is one of the grandes écoles part of Toulouse Tech.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ICAM (ICAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS) (Specialized Masters)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different curricula at ICAM.

Most of the 4,500 graduate engineer students at ICAM live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

Research at ICAM 
 Energy storage and management
 Industrial co-products and waste recycling
 Innovative materials and treatments
 Structures and Couplings
 Industrial, environmental and societal changes
 Factory 4.0

Notable alumni
 Modou Dia, Senegalese politician and former diplomat ;
 Jean-Marie Vanlerenberghe, French politician ;
 Octave Klaba, founder and chairman of OVHcloud.

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

References

External links

 Official website

 

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Education in Lille
Institut catholique d'arts et métiers
Education in Toulouse
Education in Nantes
Vannes
Sénart
Universities and colleges established in 1898
1898 establishments in France
111 Navy Chair. The Emeco 111 Navy Chair is a recycled plastic chair manufactured by Emeco. It is based on the Emeco 1006 chair originally built for Navy warships during World War II.

History 
In 2006, Coca-Cola sought a means to keep their plastic bottles out of landfills, and sought product applications via manufacturing partnerships. They approached chair manufacturer Emeco, best known for manufacturing chairs from aluminum. Emeco's leadership "jumped on the project." The company saw it as an opportunity to develop an innovative, structurally sound material and keep plastic bottles out of the landfill.  The two companies began to talk about the possibilities of recreating the iconic Navy Chair using rPET.

Development 
At the time Emeco began working to create the chair out of rPET, other companies were making rPET products such as T-shirts, bags, caps and notebooks.  Soft recycled PET plastic was originally intended for short-lived fabric and textiles and Emeco needed to build a tough, one-piece, scratch-resistant chair for heavy-duty use.

Emeco’s engineering team worked for four years to create a material made of recycled PET plastic that is made into pellets. Those pellets are mixed with glass fiber and color pigment.  Each chair starts out as  of plastic pellets that are melted down and then injection-molded into the shape of the 1006 Navy Chair. Craftsmen add the H brace to make the chair sturdier and they smooth out any imperfections that result from injection moulding.

The resulting 111 Navy Chair has the identical design of the 1006 Navy Chair. The one-piece design is scratch-resistant and suitable for heavy-duty use.

Each 111 Navy Chair is made of at least 111 recycled PET plastic bottles—65% post consumer PET—with 35% glass fiber and pigment; this gives the chair its name. The chair comes in six colors and passes all commercial requirements—it is structurally strong, fire retardant and cleanable.

Results 
As of late 2016, over 22 million plastic bottles have been kept out of the landfill and made into 111 Navy Chairs. Emeco CEO Gregg Buchbinder said in an interview with Forbes magazine "We’ve turned something many people throw away into something you want and can keep for a long, long time."

The chair sells at a much lower price than the original aluminium version of the Navy Chair.

References

Products introduced in 2010
Chairs
Individual models of furniture
Edward V. Shepard. Edward Valentine Shepard (1866 – 1937) was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century.

Life, career, and works
Shepard was a native of Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Samuel Shepard and Sarah Woodward Shepard. He was graduated from MIT in 1889 with a civil engineering degree, after which he worked in South America and Mexico as well as Massachusetts, also working for the United States Patent Office and teaching at Columbia University. He also devoted many years to his bridge career.

Shepard's engineering training led him to apply mathematical analysis to bridge. His 1913 work Scientific Auction Bridge was the first American book to deal extensively with the mathematics and distribution of bridge hands.

Shepard was one of the twelve members of the Bridge Headquarters, organized in 1931 and representing bridge's "old guard" against the insurgent Ely Culbertson.

Shepard was an honorary member of the British Bridge League and the American Bridge League. The Shepard Club, an early Portland, Maine, bridge club organized by John B. Thomes, was named in his honor.

Shepard died February 9, 1937, at home in Manhattan.

Publications

References

External links
Full text of Expert Auction (1913, Harper & Brothers) at the Hathi Trust Digital Library (also at the Internet Archive)
Full text of Correct Auction (1920, Harper & Brothers) at the Hathi Trust Digital Library

1866 births
1937 deaths
Writers from Salem, Massachusetts
Contract bridge writers
Desmond Hoare (Royal Navy officer). Rear admiral Desmond John Hoare  (25 June 1910 – 26 April 1988) was a Royal Navy engineer officer, and educator.

Biography
Hoare was educated at Wimbledon College and King's School, Rochester. He joined the Royal Navy in 1929 and after engineering training served in  1936–1939,  on Arctic convoys 1942–1944 and  1949–1951, and at the apprentice training establishment HMS Condor 1951–1953, besides spells at the Admiralty. His final post was Chief Staff Officer, Technical, to the Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth, 1960–1962. He was appointed CB in the 1962 New Year Honours.

In 1962 Hoare took early retirement from the Navy to become the first headmaster of Atlantic College. With the help of students he conceived, designed, and built what is now the world's most widely used craft for inshore rescue, the rigid inflatable boat (RIB). Hoare finally patented the design in 1973 and handed over all rights to the RNLI for the nominal fee of one pound. He did not cash the cheque.

He retired from his role as Headmaster at Atlantic College in 1969, taking on the position of Provost, which he held until retiring to Ireland in 1973. He died on 26 April 1988, and was buried in Saint Barrahane's Church cemetery in Castletownshend, County Cork, Ireland.

References

1910 births
1988 deaths
People educated at King's School, Rochester
Royal Navy officers of World War II
Royal Navy rear admirals
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Havar (alloy). Havar, or UNS R30004, is an alloy of cobalt, possessing a very high mechanical strength. It can be heat-treated. It is highly resistant to corrosion and is non-magnetic. It is biocompatible. It has high fatigue resistance. It is a precipitation hardening superalloy.

Chemical composition 
The composition of Havar alloy is the following:

Physical properties  
Havar melting point is about 1480 °C. It will retain three quarters of its room temperature strengths up to 510 °C. Its density is 8.3 g/cm3. Its thermal conductivity is 13.0 W/m·K. Its tensile strength is 960-970 MPa and its modulus of elasticity is 200 – 210 GPa. It can be joined by welding: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), resistance welding, soldering, and brazing.

Applications 
Havar foils of various thickness are used as diaphragms for pressure sensing in process control equipment, biocompatible medical implants, as particle beam windows for beamlines of particle accelerators in nuclear physics, and various other high-temperature applications.

Havar foils are frequently used as window material for high-energy proton beams used in the production of fluorine-18 from oxygen-18 enriched water. 18F is a beta plus emitter commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The high mechanical strength and the good corrosion resistance of Havar foils are both essential for the tightness and the reliability of the cyclotron targets in hospitals while also minimizing the contamination of H218O in the targets by the activation products of the transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, W, Mo) present in the alloy.

History 
Havar was originally developed in the late 1940s by Hamilton Watch Company as an alloy for the mainsprings used in watches, and named Dynavar. Later it was used as sensing diaphragms and other uses, under its current name Havar.

Corrosion resistance 
Its corrosion resistance allows use in stress corrosion resistant springs and diaphragms in oilfield equipment handling sour crude oil. Havar outperforms 316L stainless steel in resistance to pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion in medical implant environment. In cold-rolled and aged form, its yield and tensile strength are higher than of other cobalt-based implant alloys.

In Green death, a solution used to test the resistance to corrosion of metals, the Havar alloy does not corrode at all at room temperature, starts corroding rapidly (15 mm/year) at 70 °C, and reaches rate of 56 mm/year at boiling point (~103 °C).

Machining 
Havar is difficult to machine, as it undergoes rapid work hardening under the cutting tool. The tool should be as sharp as possible and the machine should be rigid, with minimal backlash. Higher power is required than to machine ordinary steels of similar hardness.

See also 
Other special alloys are the following:

References

Superalloys
Cobalt alloys
Biomaterials
Chromium alloys
Nickel alloys
Tungsten
Molybdenum alloys
Ferrous alloys
Acrobat (roller coaster). Acrobat () is a flying roller coaster built by Swiss ride manufacturers Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M), located at Nagashima Spa Land in Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The coaster debuted on 18 July 2015.

The  long track is  tall and features four inversions: a pretzel loop, two inline twists, and a corkscrew. The ride is a clone of another of B&M’s flying coasters, Manta, located at SeaWorld Orlando in Florida.

References

Roller coasters in Japan
Flying roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard