omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SIAI S.58. The SIAI S.58 or Savoia-Marchetti S.M.58 was an Italian flying boat fighter prototype of the 1920s designed and manufactured by SIAI.

Design and development

S.58
In 1924, the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) issued a requirement for a replacement for its Macchi M.7ter flying boat fighter. To compete with the Macchi M.26 for a production order as the replacement, SIAI developed the S.58. It was a wooden, single-seat, single-bay biplane with a hull based on that of the SIAI S.51 racing flying boat which had participated in the 1922 Schneider Trophy race. The S.58s engine, a 221-kilowatt (296-brake horsepower) Hispano-Suiza HS 42 V8 driving a pusher propeller, was mounted on struts above the hull. SIAI proposed an armament of two fixed, forward-firing 7.7-millimeter (0.303-inch) Vickers machine guns mounted on the hull on either side of the cockpit.

The S.58 made its first flight early in the summer of 1924 and on 25 August 1924 set a world altitude record for aircraft of its type by reaching 5,831 meters (19,130 feet) with a payload of 250 kilograms (551 pounds). SIAI built three prototypes, but the Regia Marina opted to save money by re-engining the Macchi M.7ter to extend its service life rather than purchase a new aircraft. SIAI did, however, build at least one more S.58, which the Scuola di Alta Velocità (High Speed School) at Desenzano used.

S.58bis

SIAI later fitted the first S.58 prototype with a 313-kilowatt (420-horsepower) Fiat A.20 V12, redesignating the re-engined aircraft the S.58bis. In 1927, the Regia Marina again held a contest for a replacement for the Macchi M.7ter, and SIAI entered the S.58bis. The Regia Marina found it impressive enough to make plans to procure 97 S.58bis aircraft, but these plans were cancelled when the Regia Marina again chose as an economy measure to extend the M.7ters service life by re-engining it, and no production order materialized for the S.58bis.

S.58ter
In the autumn of 1928, the S.58ter, a slightly modified S.58bis also employing the Fiat A 20 V12 engine, flew for the first time. In 1929, the Regia Marina again organized a contest for an M.7ter replacement, and SIAI entered the S.58ter. The S.58ter lost out to the Macchi M.41bis and did not win a production order.

Operators

Regia Aeronautica
Regia Marina

Specifications (S.58bis)

Notes:
Time to 3,000 m (9,842 ft): 7.66 min

See also

Notes

References

Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown. New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994. .

S.58
1920s Italian fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Farman F.270. The Farman F.270 was a prototype French bomber/torpedo-bomber designed and built by the Farman Aviation Works for the French Air Force.

Development
The F.270 of 1933 was a development of the earlier F.60 and F.150 series it was a mixed wood and metal sesquiplane with a single vertical tail unit. Powered by two Gnome-Rhône 14Kbr radial engines mounted above the lower wing. It had a wide-track tailskid landing gear and three machine-gun positions, one in the balcony type nose, one amidships and one in a ventral position that fired though a trap door in the floor.

In 1934 an improved variant was produced, the Farman F.271, with engine power boosted to 800 hp (597 kW) additional nose glazing for the bomb/torpedo aimer, and larger navigators station, and the ventral trap door replaced with a retractable bathtub gondola. Neither type entered production but the F.271 was later tested on floats.

Variants
F.270
Prototype with Gnome-Rhône 14Kbr radial engines.
F.271
Improved design with 800hp (597kW) Gnome-Rhône 14K radial engines, also tested as a float-plane.

Specifications (F.271)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

F.270
1930s French bomber aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Farman F.370. 

The Farman F.370 was a French single-seat racing monoplane designed and built by the Farman Aviation Works for air racing.

Development
The F.370 was a low-wing monoplane that first flew on the 22 April 1933. Powered by a Farman 8 Vee-piston engine it had streamlined features, including a shallow fin faired into the open cockpit headrest and fixed main monowheel landing gear faired into the engine and oil radiators of the engine. It was entered into the 1933 Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe air race in which it averaged over 300 km/h (187 mph), on the fifth circuit the engine overheated and the F.370 withdrew from the race.

Specifications (F.370)

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s French sport aircraft
F.370
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
HEC-1. HEC-1 is software that was developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers to estimate river flows as a result of rainfall.  It was written in the FORTRAN language and until 1984 could only be run on a mainframe computer.

When desktop computers became popular the program was ported to the PC.  Engineers and scientists still use it today because of its ability to model a wide range of natural hydrologic systems.

References

External links
 HEC-1 website
 A Study of Hydrologic Simulation Models
 Army Hydrologic Engineering Center 

Year of introduction missing
Fortran software
Hydrology software
Chevron STB process. The Chevron STB process (also known as Staged Turbulent Bed Retorting Process) is an above-ground shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.

The Chevron STB process is a hot recycled solids technology, which processes small particles of oil shale.  It was invented by Paul W. Tamm and Gordon E. Langlois in the Chevron Research Company laboratory in Richmond, California.  As a heat carrier, it uses oil shale ash, produced by combustion of spent oil shale in the  separate combustor.

In this process, crushed oil shale is fed into the top of the retort where it is mixed with the hot oil shale ash.  The oil shale moves downward through the retort as fluidized bed of particles.  While descending, the heat is transferred from the oil shale ash to the raw oil shale causing pyrolysis. As a result, oil shale decomposes to shale oil vapors, oil shale gas and spent oil shale.  A stripping gas is inserted from the bottom of retort, which carries oil vapors into solids separation section. The fine particles are directed to the combustor while oil vapors are moved to the condenser. In condenser, shale oil is separated from water vapor and product gases. On the bottom of retort the spent shale is transported to the combustor.

See also
 Galoter process
 Alberta Taciuk Process
 Petrosix process
 Kiviter process
 TOSCO II process
 Fushun process
 Paraho process
 Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
 KENTORT II

References

Oil shale technology
Thermal treatment
Chevron Corporation
SIAI S.67. The SIAI S.67 or Savoia Marchetti SM.67 was an Italian flying boat fighter of the early 1930s designed and manufactured by SIAI.

Design and development
In 1929, the Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) awarded a contract to SIAI to produce the prototype of a new flying boat fighter for use as a catapult-launched aircraft aboard Condottieri-class cruisers. In response, SIAI designed the S.67, a wooden, single-seat, monoplane flying boat powered by a 313-kilowatt (420-horsepower) Fiat A.20 V12 liquid-cooled engine driving a three-bladed pusher propeller. The wing spars were attached to the fuselage, and the engine was mounted on steel tube struts above the hull, each attached to the engine mount by one pin. The S.67s armament consisted of two fixed, forward-firing 7.7-millimeter (0.303-inch) Vickers machine guns mounted in the bow. The S.67s design allowed a team of six men aboard a cruiser to erect it on its catapult and have it ready for launch within five minutes.

Operational history
The S.67 made its first flight on 28 January 1930. Il Centro Sperimentali (The Experimental Center) began testing of the prototype in early March 1930, during which it crashed on 3 April 1930.

Despite this unfortunate end to the testing program, SIAI received a production order for three more aircraft. One of these was cancelled, but the other two entered service with the 162ª Squadriglia (162nd Squadron) of the 88° Gruppo Caccia Marittima (88th Maritime Fighter Group). They were retired in 1935.

Operators

Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy)
162ª Squadriglia, 88° Gruppo Caccia Marittima

Specifications

Notes:
Time to 3,000 m (9,842 ft): 9.78 min

See also

Notes

References

Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown. New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994. .

S.67
1930s Italian fighter aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Senftleben–Beenakker effect. The Senftleben–Beenakker effect is the dependence on a magnetic or electric field of transport properties (such as viscosity and heat conductivity) of polyatomic gases. The effect is caused by the precession of the (magnetic or electric) dipole of the gas molecules between collisions. The resulting rotation of the molecule averages out the nonspherical part of the collision cross-section, if the field is large enough that the precession time is short compared to the time between collisions (this requires a very dilute gas). The change in the collision cross-section, in turn, can be measured as a change in the transport properties.

The magnetic field dependence of the transport properties can also include a transverse component; for example, a heat flow perpendicular to both temperature gradient and magnetic field. This is the molecular analogue of the Hall effect and Righi–Leduc effect for electrons. A key difference is that the gas molecules are neutral, unlike the electrons, so the magnetic field exerts no Lorentz force. An analogous magnetotransverse heat conductivity has been discovered for photons and phonons.

The Senftleben–Beenakker effect owes its name to the physicists Hermann Senftleben (Münster University, Germany) and Jan Beenakker (Leiden University, The Netherlands), who discovered it, respectively, for paramagnetic gases  (such as NO and O2) and diamagnetic gases  (such as N2 and CO). The change in the transport properties is smaller in a diamagnetic gas, because the magnetic moment is not intrinsic (as it is in a paramagnetic gas), but induced by the rotation of a nonspherical molecule. The importance of the effect is that it provides information on the angular dependence of the intermolecular potential. The theory to extract that information from transport measurements is based on the Waldmann–Snider equation (a quantum mechanical version of the Boltzmann equation for gases with rotating molecules). The entire field is reviewed in a two-volume monograph.

See also
Kinetic theory
Thermal Hall effect

References

External links 
Historical remarks on the experiment by Jan J. M. Beenakker.
Historical remarks on the theory by Siegfried Hess (a student of Ludwig Waldmann).

Gases
Jatheon Technologies. Jatheon Technologies, Inc. is a privately-held company founded in 2004 providing various products for the archiving of email, social media and other unstructured data with a focus on highly regulated industries such as education, healthcare, government, financial and legal sectors. The company is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The company's products are intended to capture, index and store emails, instant messages, social media content, text messages, calls and voicemail to enable organizations to respond to eDiscovery requests and meet various regulatory compliance requirements such as Sarbanes Oxley, HIPAA, and others. The email archiving applications are installed in an organization's network and capture messaging traffic within the network. The products are compatible with all major mail servers, including Exchange, Office 365, Groupwise, Gmail and IBM Lotus.

History 
In 2006, Jatheon was named as one of the Top 10 Companies to Watch by Deloitte.

In December 2009, the company announced a partnership with Dell. Under the partnership, four new products combining Dell's PowerEdge R610 and R710 server technology, Dell's PowerVault MD1000 storage arrays, and Jatheon's email archiving and management software in various virtual storage configurations were launched.

In June 2014, Jatheon Technologies redesigned its entire family of PnC-based email and message archiving products for companies that require full regulatory compliance, internal policy management, and storage space management.

In 2017, the company launched a social media and mobile communications archiving functionality.

On February 13, 2024, the company announced the addition of Zoom video meeting archiving on the AWS-based cloud service Jatheon Cloud.

Acquisitions 
In June 2009, the company acquired the ongoing operations and support services of NorthSeas AMT customers.

In 2010, Jatheon acquired the operations of TrendMicro.

References

External links 

Evident domain @ SC Magazine
Tips For Smoother Email Archiving  @ Processor.com
10 Technologies and 20 Vendors You Should Know for 2008 @ Channel Insider

Computer Technology Review's first Annual E-Discovery Product Roundup @ Computer Technology Review
E-mail archiving vendor Jatheon goes back to its Canadian roots @ ItBusiness.ca

Computer companies established in 2004
Companies based in Toronto
Email
Computer archives
LLNL HRS process. LLNL HRS (hot recycled solid) process is an above-ground shale oil extraction technology. It is classified as a hot recycled solids technology.

History
The process was developed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.  In 1984–1987, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory operated a LLNL HRS process-based pilot pant at Parachute, Colorado, with capacity of one tonne of oil shale per day.  In 1989, the pilot plant was upgraded to process four tonne of oil shale per day.  The pilot plant was operated till 1993.  Later the process was modified and tested in the field of waste treatment and environmental cleanup for removing organic compounds and for decomposing sodium nitrate in contaminated soils.

Process
As a heat carrier, LLNL HRS process uses spent oil shale.  Raw oil shale and spent oil shale are mixed in the fluidized bed mixer. The use of fluidized bed mixer results in better mixture, which in turn increases the mean quantity of oil yield and oil shale throughput.  From the fluidized bed mixer oil shale moves downward to the packed-bed pyrolyzer. The heat is transferred from the heated spent oil shale to the raw oil shale causing pyrolysis.  As a result, oil shale decomposes to shale oil vapors, oil shale gas and spent oil shale.  Oil vapors are collected from the pyrolyzer.  The spent oil shale, still including residual carbon (char), by the air pneumatic lift pipe to the delayed-fall combustor where it is combusted to heat the process.  The delayed-fall combustor used in this process gives greater control over the combustion process as compared to a lift pipe combustor. From the delayed-fall combustor the oil shale ash and spent shale falls into a fluidized bed classifier where the finest parts of solids are removed and hot spent shale is forwarded to the fluidized bed mixer.

See also
 Galoter process
 Alberta Taciuk Process
 Petrosix process
 Kiviter process
 TOSCO II process
 Fushun process
 Paraho process
 Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
 Chevron STB process
 KENTORT II

References

Oil shale technology
Thermal treatment
Fokker T.IX. 

The Fokker T.IX was a Dutch twin-engined bomber designed and built by Fokker for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force as a replacement for their obsolescent Martin-built bombers.

Development
Design of the T.IX was started in 1938 as the company's first all-metal bomber project. It was a mid-wing monoplane with twin fins and rudders and retractable landing gear, powered by two 1375 hp (1025 kW) Bristol Hercules radial piston engines. The T.IX first flew on 11 September 1939, but in April 1940 during testing it was damaged when it collided with a hangar door. The subsequent German invasion of the Netherlands stopped repair and further development.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

T 09
1930s Dutch bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Barsanti–Matteucci engine. The Barsanti-Matteucci engine was the first invented internal combustion engine using the free-piston principle in an atmospheric two cycle engine. In late 1851 or early 1852 Eugenio Barsanti, a professor of mathematics, and Felice Matteucci, an engineer and expert in mechanics and hydraulics, joined forces on a project to exploit the explosion and expansion of a gaseous mix of hydrogen and atmospheric air to transform part of the energy of such explosions into mechanical energy.

Origin
The idea originated almost ten years earlier with Barsanti when, as a young man, he was teaching at St. Michael's College in Volterra, Italy. An engineer from Milan Italy, Luigi de Cristoforis, described in a paper published in the acts of the Lombard Royal Institute of Science, Literature and Art, a pneumatic machine (later built and shown to work) that ran on naphtha and an air mixture, and which constituted the first liquid fuel engine.

Prototypes
During the twelve years of collaboration between Barsanti and Matteucci several prototypes of internal combustion engines were realized. It was the first real internal combustion engine, constituted in its simplest realization by a vertical cylinder in which an explosion of a mixture of air and hydrogen or an illuminating gas shot a piston upwards thereby creating a vacuum in the space underneath. When the piston returned to its original position, due to the action of the atmospheric pressure, it turned a toothed rod connected to a sprocket wheel and transmitted movement to the driving shaft.

Patents
Numerous patents were obtained by the two inventors: the 1857 English and Piedmont patents, the 1861 Piedmont patent of Barsanti, Matteucci and Babacci which was then used as a base to construct the engine of the Escher Wyss company of Zurich and put on exhibit during the first National Expo of Florence in 1861, and the 1861 English patent.

References

External links
 History of the Barsanti-Matteucci engine

Italian inventions
History of technology
Internal combustion engine
Genaille–Lucas rulers. Genaille–Lucas rulers (also known as Genaille's rods) are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille, a French railway engineer, in 1891.  The device is a variant of Napier's bones.  By representing the carry graphically, the user can read off the results of simple multiplication problems directly, with no intermediate mental calculations.

History
In 1885, French mathematician Édouard Lucas posed an arithmetic problem during a session of the Académie française. Genaille, already known for having invented a number of arithmetic tools, created his rulers in the course of solving the problem.  He presented his invention to the Académie française in 1891.  The popularity of Genaille's rods was widespread but short-lived, as mechanical calculators soon began to displace manual arithmetic methods.

Design
A full set of Genaille–Lucas rulers consists of eleven strips.  On each strip is printed a column of triangles and a column of numbers.

Multiplication
By arranging the rulers in the proper order, the user can find unit multiples of short natural numbers by sight.

Division

Soon after their development by Genaille, the rulers were adapted to a set of rods that can perform division. The division rods are aligned similarly to the multiplication rods, with the index rod on the left denoting the divisor, and the following rods spelling out the digits of the dividend. After these, a special "remainder" rod is placed on the right. The quotient is read from left to right, following the lines from one rod to the next. The path of digits ends with a number on the remainder rod, which is the remainder given by the division.

Resources

See also
 Napier's bones
 Slide rule

References

Further reading
   (7 pages)

External links
 History of computers and computing: Napier's bones.  Describes the use of Genaille–Lucas rulers.

Mechanical calculators
Multiplication
French inventions
165 series. The  was an express electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1963 by Japanese National Railways (JNR).

History
During the early 1960s, the Chūō Main Line and Shinetsu Line were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. New powerful trains were required, as the earlier 153 series trains were designed for operation in flat, warm areas.

Differences between 153 series and 165 series
 Motor output increased from 100 kW to 120 kW
 Proofing against heavy snow and cold weather

Individual car types (original)
 KuMoHa 165: Motorized cab car. 76 seats. 145 cars were built from 1963 to 1970. Coupled to MoHa 164.
 KuHa 165: Cab car. 76 seats. 210 cars were built from 1963 to 1970.
 MoHa 164: Motorized car with pantograph, air compressor and motor-generator. 84 seats. 166 cars were built from 1963 to 1970.
 Moha 165: Motorized car. 84 seats. 21 cars were built from 1963 to 1969. Coupled to MoHa 164.
 SaHa 164: Intermediate trailer car. 56 seats. Only two cars were built in 1966. With kiosk.
 SaHa 165: Intermediate trailer car. 84 seats. 11 cars were built in 1969.
 SaRo 165: Intermediate trailer car. Green car.
 SaHaShi 165: Intermediate trailer car. Buffet and seating. 36 seats. 12 cars were built in 1963. Soba corner instead of 153 series Sushi corner.

Joyful Train conversions
A number of 165 series trains were converted for use as Joyful Train sets including the following.
 Nanohana: First EMU-based Joyful Train, introduced in March 1986 and withdrawn August 1998.
 Panorama Express Alps: 3+3-car set converted in 1986 for use on the Chūō Main Line and the Ōito Line. This train was withdrawn in 2001, and sold to Fuji Kyuko in 2002, becoming the Fujikyu 2000 series Fujisan Express.
 Shuttle Maihama
 Yū Yū Tōkai

Resale
Nine withdrawn 165 series cars were sold to the Chichibu Railway in 1992 and converted to become Chichibu Railway 3000 series 3-car sets for use on express services.

Preserved examples
 KuHa 165-120, stored for a long period at Mino-Ōta Depot in Minokamo, Gifu, before being moved by road to Hamamatsu Depot in February 2013
 KuMoHa 165-108, (built 1966 by Tokyu Car) at SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya
 MoHa 164-72, stored at Mino-Ōta Depot in Minokamo, Gifu
 SaRo 165-106, (built 1967 by Teikoku Sharyo) at SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya

See also
 167 series
 169 series

References

External links

 

Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Central Japan Railway Company
West Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1963
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
SystemRDL. The SystemRDL language, supported by the SPIRIT Consortium, was specifically designed to describe and implement a wide variety of control status registers. Using SystemRDL, developers can automatically generate and synchronize register views for specification, hardware design, software development, verification, and documentation.

SystemRDL is an open source text based descriptive language that focuses exclusively on registers. SystemRDL 1.0 had some limitations and is now superseded by SystemRDL 2.0 which has support for verification based properties like constraints, coverage, and HDL paths. SystemRDL 2.0 also introduces the ability to parameterize components which further improves design re-use.

See also
SystemVerilog
SystemC
IP-XACT

Companies/tools
 Commercial
 Agnisys 
 Semifore's  CSR Compiler
 Magillem 
 Open Source 
 Open Register Design Tool released by Juniper Networks under Apache 2.0 open source license
 SystemRDL compiler  at GitHub supports SystemRDL 2.0 and generators for documentation and IP-XACT.

References

External links
 SystemRDL Accellera Standards
 SystemRDL Alliance

Hardware description languages