omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cyril M. Harris. Cyril Manton Harris (June 20, 1917 – January 4, 2011) was Professor Emeritus of Architecture and Charles Batchelor Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University. He received his B.S. in mathematics and his M.S. in physics from UCLA, and his Ph.D. in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he specialized in acoustics.

He co-authored with Vern Oliver Knudsen the book Acoustical Designing in Architecture, and edited several others, including Handbook of Noise Control, Shock and Vibration Handbook, Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture, Dictionary of Architecture and Construction and American Architecture: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. These books are recognized as authoritative references in their field.
 
As a consultant, Harris participated in the design and construction of more than 100 halls, including the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Minnesota Orchestra Hall, Lincoln Center Metropolitan Opera House, Abravanel Hall, Benaroya Hall and Conrad Prebys Concert Hall in University of California, San Diego.

Harris was a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America. He served on the Executive Council (1954–1957), was vice president (1960–1961) and president (1964–1965) of the society, and was an associate editor of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (1959–1971). He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, American Philosophical Society and several other professional societies and advisory boards. Harris served as president (1993) and chairman of the Board (1994) of the New York Academy of Sciences. His achievements in auditorium acoustics were recognized by the Wallace Clement Sabine Medal of the Acoustical Society of America, the Franklin Medal (1977), the AES Gold Medal (1984), the Mayor's Award for Excellence in Science and Technology (1985) and the ASA Gold Medal (1987). He held honorary doctorates from the New Jersey Institute of Technology and from Northwestern University.

References

External links
 Cyril M. Harris paper finding aid. Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University.

Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
1917 births
Academics from Detroit
2011 deaths
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
ASA Gold Medal recipients
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Recipients of Franklin Medal
SATEL. SATEL is a Finnish radio modem manufacturer that specializes in developing independent radio networking technology for various industrial applications i.a. land surveying, SCADA, machine control, intelligent transportation systems, telemetry, environmental monitoring and Industrial Internet.

About the Company 

SATEL develops and sells private radio technology. The company was founded in 1986. SATEL’s first product was a wrist alarm, shortly followed by production of the first radio modem. 

Both SATEL's product development and factory are located in Finland. The distribution network of SATEL covers over 100 countries. Approx. 90% of sales is exported.

Products

Serial and TCP/IP communication
The  SATEL radio modem family offers transparent serial data communication (RS-232, RS-485, RS-422). These products are used in applications ranging from Mt Everest to power distribution networks and from professional motor sports to runway telemetry at airports. Lightweight SATEL-TR4+ / SATEL-TR49 modules are designed to be integrated into a host device, for instance for transfer of GNSS correction data in a land surveying rover or real-time kinematic (RTK) base station.

The SATEL XPRS IP radio router family, which was introduced in November 2008, broadened the offering to TCP/IP based applications. It is based on a Linux operating systems and enables customer specific applications.

References

Electronics companies of Finland
Companies established in 1986
Finnish brands
Request for waiver. In a manufacturing environment, a request for waiver (RFW) is a request for authorization to accept an item which, during manufacture or after inspection, is found to depart from specified requirements, but nevertheless is considered suitable for use as is or after repair by an approved method.

In ECSS standard a RFW is defined as "unplanned  departure", as opposite to Request for Deviation (RFD) which is defined as "planned departure", being "departure" defined as the "inability of a product to  meet one of its functional performance or technical requirements". In both cases, no changes are applied to engineering documentation.

In accordance with MIL-HDBK-61A, the term "waiver" is no longer used, because the processing rules for a RFW are identical to those for a deviation, and the terms deviation and waiver were often confused.

A deviation from the contractual performance requirements or approved drawings should be submitted as a RFD. An RFD is a specific written authorization to depart from a particular requirement of an item's approved configuration documentation for a specific number of units or period of time. A deviation does not change configuration documentation.

Deviations are requested by contractors prior to manufacture, during manufacture, or after an item has been submitted for Customer inspection and acceptance. To be tendered for delivery or to be installed in an item to be tendered for delivery, deviant items must be suitable for use.

References

External links 
MIL-H MIL-HDBK-61A
ECSS-M-ST-40C

Product management
Korean Committee of Space Technology. The Korean Committee of Space Technology (KCST; , Hanja: 朝鮮宇宙空間技術委員會) was the agency of the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) responsible for the country's space program. The agency was terminated and succeeded by the National Aerospace Development Administration in 2013 after the Law on Space Development was passed in the 7th session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly.

History
Very little information on it is publicly available. It is known to have been founded sometime in the 1980s, and most likely is connected to the Artillery Guidance Bureau of the Korean People's Army.

Operations
The KCST was responsible for all operations concerning space exploration and construction of satellites. On 12 March 2009, North Korea signed the Outer Space Treaty and the Registration Convention, after a previous declaration of preparations for a new satellite launch.

Facilities

The KCST operated the Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground and Sohae Satellite Launching Station rocket launching sites, Paektusan-1 and Unha launchers, Kwangmyŏngsŏng satellites.

South Korea and the United States accused North Korea of using these facilities and the rockets as a cover for a military ballistic missile testing program.

 Sohae Satellite Launching Station built from the 2000s to 2010s with a launch pad completed in 2011.
 Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground built from the 2000s to 2010s with a launch pad completed in 2011.

Projects
The DPRK twice announced that it had launched satellites: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 on 31 August 1998 and Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 on 5 April 2009. The US and South Korea predicted that the launches would in actuality be military ballistic missile tests, but later confirmed that they had followed orbital launch trajectories.

In 2009, the DPRK announced more ambitious future space projects including its own crewed space flights and development of a crewed partially reusable launch vehicle. Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 was launched on 13 April 2012 and ended in failure shortly after launch. A follow-up attempt the following December, Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 entered polar orbit as confirmed by various countries.

Launch history
This is a list of satellites launched.

See also

 North Korean space program
 List of government space agencies
 List of space agencies
 National Aerospace Development Administration

References

Space agencies
Space program of North Korea
ESD simulator. An ESD simulator, also known as an ESD gun, is a handheld unit used to test the immunity of devices to electrostatic discharge (ESD). These simulators are used in special electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) laboratories. ESD pulses are fast, high-voltage pulses created when two objects with different electrical charges come into close proximity or contact. Recreating them in a test environment helps to verify that the device under test is immune to static electricity discharges.

ESD testing is necessary to receive a CE mark, and for most suppliers of components for motor vehicles as part of required electromagnetic compatibility testing.  It is often useful to automate these tests to eliminate the human factor.

There are three distinct test models for electrostatic discharge: human-body, machine, and charged-devices models. The human-body model emulates the action of a human body discharging static electricity, the machine model simulates static discharge from a machine, and the charged-device model simulates the charging and discharging events that occur in production processes and equipment.

Many ESD guns have interchangeable modules containing different discharge Networks or RC Modules (Specific resistance and capacitance values) to simulate different discharges. These modules typically slide into the handle of the pistol portion of the ESD simulator, much like loading some handguns. They change the characteristics of the waveshape discharged from the pistol and are called out in general standards like IEC 61000-4-2, SAE J113 and industry specific standards like ISO 10605. Resistance is referred to in ohms (Ω), capacitance is referred to in picofarad (pF or "puff"). The most commonly used discharge network is for IEC 61000-4-2 and ISO 10605, expressed as 150pF/330Ω. There are over 50 combinations of resistance and capacitance depending on the standards and the applicable electronics.

Test standards
Standards that require ESD testing include:
 ISO 10605
 Ford EMC
 ISO/EN 61000-4-2 needed for the CE mark
IEC 61000-4-2
ISO TR10605
MIL-STD-883
MIL-STD-1512
GR-78-CORE
RTCA/DO 160

References 

Hardware testing
Electronic engineering
Electromagnetic compatibility

de:ESD-Simulationsmodelle
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) is a program in the United States, which provides federal grants to units of local government, Indian tribes, states, and territories to reduce energy use and fossil fuel emissions, and for improvements in energy efficiency.

Administration 
The EECBG Program is administered by the Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy—EERE of the United States Department of Energy—DOE.

Purpose
The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants funding will support energy audits and energy efficiency retrofits in residential and commercial buildings, the development and implementation of advanced building codes and inspections, and the creation of financial incentive programs for energy efficiency improvements.

The grant funds could also go towards transportation programs that conserve energy, projects to reduce and capture methane emissions from landfills, renewable energy installations on government buildings, energy efficient traffic signals and street lights, combined heat and power systems, district heating and cooling systems, and other projects.

Legislation 
The Program was authorized in Title V, Subtitle E of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), and signed into Public Law (PL 110-140) on December 19, 2007. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 appropriated $3.2 billion for the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) Program.

See also 
 General Services Administration
 Index—Energy conservation

References

External links
official Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program website
Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs home page — the U.S. EERE (Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) Weatherization and Intergovernmental Programs website.

Energy conservation in the United States
Grants (money)
Renewable energy organizations based in the United States
United States Department of Energy
Government programs
Flight rules. Flight rules are regulations and procedures adopted for flying aircraft in various conditions. Flight rule regimes include:

 Instrument flight rules, regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation
 Special Needs, a set of aviation regulations under which a pilot may operate an aircraft
 Visual flight rules, a set of regulations which allow a pilot to operate an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going

See also
 Instrument meteorological conditions, weather conditions that normally require pilots to fly under instrument flight rules
 Visual meteorological conditions, weather conditions that normally require pilots to fly under visual flight rules

Aviation safety
Aviation law
Brooks Instrument. Brooks Instrument is a manufacturer of flow control and measurement equipment based in Hatfield, PA. It was a division of Emerson (NYSE:EMR) until December 31, 2007 when it was sold to American Industrial Partners Capital Fund IV (“AIP”) for approximately $100 million in cash.   In January 2012, Brooks Instrument was acquired by ITW for an unspecified amount. 

Its products include thermal mass flow controllers/meters, Coriolis mass flow controllers/meters, variable area meters (aka rotameters), level products, direct liquid injection systems, and more. A range of accessories such as pressure controllers, valves, and secondary instrumentation is also offered. Manufacturing of Brooks products is based in Hatfield, PA USA facility with additional facilities in the Netherlands, Hungary, and Japan. Brooks Instrument is certified to ISO 9001:2015.

History
Founded in 1946 by Stephen A. Brooks, Brooks Instrument was originally based in Lansdale, Pennsylvania. The company was built on the strength of an innovative side-plate, dowel-pin principle of rotameter construction, which is, today, the basis of one of the company's more important product lines. 

In 1958 the company developed a new, streamlined laboratory flow meter named Sho-Rate and a new  type of full-view rotameter - with an improved packaging seal that represents one of the first innovations for the glass tube rotameter in 20 years.

Public service initiatives
In 2018, corporate leaders at Brooks introduced a new, annual scholarship program, which awards up to $2,000 per individual to undergraduate engineering students at accredited colleges or universities. The program is designed to support students who show "potential for leadership and interest in engineering, particularly as it relates to instrumentation, fluid mechanics and flow or pressure measurement."

References

External links
 BrooksInstrument.com

Flow control (data)
Companies based in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
American companies established in 1946
1946 establishments in Pennsylvania
Prussian P 4. The Prussian P 4 was a derivative of the P 4.1 (Hanover variant) and the second superheated steam locomotive in the world.

Design 
The engine was based on that of the Class P 4.1 that had Hanomag had produced in large numbers since 1892. It had slightly larger wheels and, due to its new design, significantly fewer heating tubes. The superheater and the steam engine were entirely independent designs.

Service and preservation 
In 1898 a one-off was delivered by Hanomag to the Prussian state railways. The economy of the superheated system was soon proven in 1899 by the engine during trial runs from Kassel. Apart from a short stay at Halle the engine was assigned to Kassel as Cassel 131 and, from 1906, as P 4 Cassel 1846. In 1921, after the First World War, the engine was mothballed, along with many other machines of similar class. With its sectioned boiler the P 4 stood for a long time in the Transport and Construction Museums, part of Museum of the Present at Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin.

See also 
 Prussian state railways
 List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses
 List of preserved steam locomotives in Germany

References 

 
 

P 04
4-4-0 locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1898
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
2′B h2 locomotives
Wingstrike. Wingstrike is contact between an aircraft's wing and the ground during takeoff or landing, most often as a complication of a crosswind landing.

Unexpected gusts of wind may cause an aircraft to roll to one side or the other during landing, whether they are performing a crosswind landing or not.

However, crosswind landings have a much more complex dynamic relationship between the wind and the aircraft attitude.  Because the wind is blowing across the runway, the aircraft has to either roll or yaw into the wind to be able to approach down the runway's centerline.  As the aircraft transitions from descent to touchdown, the roll and/or yaw have to be countered to land smoothly and stay on the runway.  This transition can cause upsets, particularly in gusting wind.

Damage from wingstrike can range from replacement of wing surface skin areas at the wingtip, to structural damage throughout the wing due to overloads.

Vulnerability
The risk for wingstrike primarily depends on the angle of the line between the tip of the wing and the landing gear.  The position of the landing gear, when calculating that line, should be at the point that it is maximally compressed, for example if the aircraft comes down off center and with its weight entirely on the downwind gear.  The maximum safe angle would be slightly less than that angle - at that angle, the wing will probably hit the runway.

Dynamic flexing of the wing due to landing touchdown loads can also cause wingstrikes.

High wing aircraft, where the wing is located on top of the fuselage, are configured more safely from a wing strike perspective.  Low wing aircraft have the wing closer to the ground.

Nacelle strike
Some aircraft have an engine nacelle (pod) which extends below the line between the landing gear and the wingtip.  In this case, the aircraft may be vulnerable to nacelle strike as well as wingstrike, for the same reasons.

External links
 Inquiry details moments before LH A320 wing-strike in storm, Flight International, 2008-05-26
 Picture of the March 1, 2008 A320 wingstrike

References

Aviation safety
Canadian Vickers Vista. The Canadian Vickers Vista was a Canadian-designed single-seat flying boat.

Design and development
The Vista was the first Canadian-designed monoplane. It had a duralumin sheet hull and the tail was made of framed metal tubing. The wings were made of wood and the wing and tail surfaces were fabric. The design proved to have some undesirable traits. Since the RCAF chose the de Havilland DH.60 Moth, only one Vista was ever built.

Operational history
Once the prototype was completed, the production order was cancelled. After testing the airframe, the aircraft was shipped to the (RCAF) Air Station at (Jericho Beach), Vancouver in September 1930, where it was used for taxiing practice. When not being used it was moored out to test the effects of salt water on its duralumin hull. By 1931 the corrosion on the hull was bad enough that it was recommended for scrapping and this was done in May of that year.

Specifications

References

External links
www. airforce.forces.gc.ca

Flying boats
Vista
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
1920s Canadian patrol aircraft
Robot Scientist. Robot Scientist (also known as Adam) is a laboratory robot created and developed by a group of scientists including Ross King, Kenneth Whelan, Ffion Jones, Philip Reiser, Christopher Bryant, Stephen Muggleton, Douglas Kell, Emma Byrne and Steve Oliver.

Prototype
As a prototype for a "robot scientist", Adam is able to perform independent experiments to test hypotheses and interpret findings without human guidance, removing some of the drudgery of laboratory experimentation. Adam is capable of:

 hypothesizing to explain observations
 devising experiments to test these hypotheses
 physically running the experiments using laboratory robotics
 interpreting the results from the experiments
 repeating the cycle as required

While researching yeast-based functional genomics, Adam became the first machine in history to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of its human creators.

Adam and Eve
Adam's research studied baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and is one of two robot scientists along with "Eve" (named after Adam and Eve), a robot currently doing research on drug screening.

Eve has been used for semi-automated testing for reproducibility of experimental cancer research.

References

See also

Graffiti (program)

Aberystwyth University
College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Laboratory robots
Robots of the United Kingdom
2000s robots
Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Slewing bearing. A slewing bearing or slew[ing] ring (also called a turntable bearing) is a rotational rolling-element bearing that typically supports a heavy but slow-turning or slowly-oscillating loads in combination (axial, radial and moment loads), often a horizontal platform such as a conventional crane, a swing yarder, or the wind-facing platform of a horizontal-axis (yaw) windmill. In other orientations (e.g. a horizontal axis of rotation) they are used in materials handling grapples, forklift attachments, welding turnover jigs and so on.

Compared to a "normal" ball bearing the rings are quite wide and usually have holes drilled in them to provide fixation to a structure. Seals can be provided between the rings to protect the rolling elements. Compared to other rolling-element bearings, slewing bearings are relatively thin section and require that the structure to which they are bolted is stiff enough so that under load predefined limits of distortion are not exceeded.

Slewing rings range in size from as little as 100mm diameter to well over 15 000mm (often segmented at this size for easy transport and handling); for example the bearings on the Falkirk Wheel are 4 meters diameter and fit over a 3.5 meter axle. Slewing bearings are often made with gear teeth integral with the inner or outer race (or both in rare cases) used to drive the platform relative to the base (for example in winches).

Slewing bearing designs range from single row ball or roller style, through double row ball or roller, triple row roller, combined (1 roller/ 1 ball) or wore guided raceways - each design having its own special characteristics and application. Old designs can have split rings to allow tight control on preload during assembly.

As for other bearings that reciprocate, rather than rotating continuously, lubrication can be difficult. The oil wedge built up in a continuously rotating bearing is disrupted by the stop start motion of slewing. Instead, a hydrostatic bearing with pumped oil flow may be used.

Standards 
Most manufacturers of slewing rings have their own set of manufacturing standards but the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes the following Standard:

ASME SRB-1 on Design, Installation, Maintenance, and Application of Ball Slewing Ring Bearings

Bearings (mechanical)