omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ChargePlace Scotland. ChargePlace Scotland, also referred to as CPS, is a Scottish Government funded initiative to develop, own and operate critical infrastructure for sustainable energy delivery to electric vehicle drivers. It is Scotland's national electric vehicle (EV) charging network, developed to support the country's transition to sustainable transport and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2045. Established by the Scottish Government, CPS is one of the most comprehensive charging networks in the United Kingdom, with a mix of rapid, fast, and standard chargers distributed across urban, rural, and remote areas across Scotland. The network is publicly funded and designed to ensure widespread accessibility, contributing significantly to Scotland's climate goals.

Activities 
ChargePlace Scotland has 2,923 publicly available charge points registered in the ChargePlace Scotland Network. The network covers major transport routes and ensures accessibility even in Scotland's most remote regions, addressing a critical need for equitable EV charging availability. The network is primarily composed of charge points owned by local authorities and private businesses but is managed centrally by SWARCO, a business from Swarovski.

ChargePlace Scotland has no planned investment beyond 1 April 2025 due to a decision to transition away from the network. "The current ChargePlace Scotland contract has the option to run until mid-2025", and Transport Scotland has stated that they will continue to evaluate the future of the network beyond this period.

In June 2022 ChargePlace Scotland partnered with Paua Tech Limited, as the first roaming partnership for the network, to enable seamless roaming across their EV charging network for business drivers in a single payment solution.

ChargePlace Scotland was initially free but has introduced costs to the network since 2024. Costs have been criticised by EV drivers.

History 
ChargePlace Scotland (CPS) was launched in 2013 by Transport Scotland with an initial network of 55 public charge points, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support early electric vehicle (EV) adopters. Over time, it has grown into a nationwide network, funded through public grants and contributions from local authorities and other organizations.

In 2021, the contract to operate ChargePlace Scotland transitioned from BP Chargemaster to SWARCO eVolt following a competitive tendering process. Swarco eVolt faced criticism for technical and operational challenges during the changeover. "Massive problems at a Dundee service centre have wreaked havoc on Scotland’s £45m electric vehicle (EV) charging network." This change aimed to improve service reliability and expand the network. SWARCO implemented significant upgrades, including a redesigned mobile app, elimination of annual membership fees, and enhanced customer support.

External links
 Official website

References

Scottish Government
Electric vehicles
2013 establishments in Scotland
Gamma Alpha Rho. Gamma Alpha Rho () was an American aeronautical engineering student honor society. It was created at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York in 1945. It merged with Tau Omega, an aeronautical professional fraternity, to create the aeronautical honor society Sigma Gamma Tau in 1953.

History 
Gamma Alpha Rho was established at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York in 1945. Its first official meeting was held on October 21, 1945. Its founders were faculty member H. Burlage Jr. and H. L. Flomenhoft, a student of aeronautical engineering. Its founding members were Flomenhoft, Clarence Cohen, and Steve Maslem.

Gamma Alpha Rho was a social and scientific honor society, created to recognize academic, achievements, and integrity in the field of aeronautical engineering. Its founders also hoped to improve professional ethics and to create a connection between students and faculty.  Its first pledge class was initiated in late 1945. Dr. John R. Weske was its first academic advisor.

In the spring of 1946, Gamma Alpha Rho's members discussed becoming a national organization. A new constitution was adopted in the fall of 1946, allowing the local group to expand. Beta chapter was chartered at Virginia Tech in 1947, followed by Gamma chapter at Purdue University. In 1948, the group officially became a "national honorary aeronautical engineering society". Membership was open to juniors and seniors studying aeronautical engineering. In June 1949, Gamma Alpha Rho initiated its first female member, Edna Van Note.

The society expanded to include seven chapters and more than 1,000 members in 1952. It merged with the professional fraternity Tau Omega to form Sigma Gamma Tau on February 28, 1953.

Symbols 
The Greek letters Gamma, Alpha, and Rho were selected for the society's name because those letters are commonly used in the field of aeronautical engineering. The Gamma Alpha Rho key was shaped like a Joukowsky airfoil over a circle.

Chapters 
Following is a list of Gamma Alpha Rho chapters.

Notable members 

 Jay R. Brill, United States Air Force Brigadier and deputy for the A-10, Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
 Herbert A. Lyon, United States Air Force Major General in charge of the Space and Missile Test Center at Vandenberg Air Force Base
 Igor Sikorsky (Alpha, 1947), aviation pioneer

References 

Student societies in the United States
Engineering honor societies
Student organizations established in the 1940s
1945 establishments in New York (state)
1953 disestablishments in New York (state)
Aviation organizations based in the United States
Professional fraternities and sororities
Merged fraternities and sororities
Messebo Cement Factory. Messebo Cement Factory is an Ethiopian cement factory based in Mekelle, Tigray Region. It was established in 1997 and is the subsidiary of the Endowment Fund for the Rehabilitation of Tigray (EFFORT).

It is best known of producing Portland cement with annual production of 900,000 tonnes.

History 
Messebo Cement Factory was established in February 1997 and completed in December 1999. It is the subsidiary of Endowment Fund for the Rehabilitation of Tigray (EFFORT), with its plant located in Mekelle, Tigray Region. Messob's annual production is 900,000 tonnes, producing Portland cement with or without additives.

In April 2017, the factory acquired 200 German made MAN transport trucks at a cost of 700 million birr.

See also 
 List of cement manufacturers in Ethiopia

References 

1997 establishments in Ethiopia
Cement companies
Cement companies of Ethiopia
Mugher Cement Enterprise. Mugher Cement Enterprise is an Ethiopian state-owned cement manufacturer located in Mugher River, 920km west of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was established during the Derg era in 1984 with annual capacity of 300,000 tons of clinker per annum. 

Evolving to 600,000 capacity in 1990, Mugher Cement Enterprise is the largest cement manufacturer in Ethiopia.

History 
Mugher Cement Enterprise was constructed in 1984 and began operation in the same year. It produces with capacity of 300,000 tons of clinker per annum, near Mugher River, located 90 km west of Addis Ababa. In 1990, the company doubled its capacity to 600,000 tons per annum of clinker production, marked by the construction of second plant. In 2011, the third plant was commissioned.

On 22 December 2006, the company decided to increase its wholesale price by 25%, increasing with distribution rate of 135 birr and capital of 125 birr. Mugher Cement is the largest cement producer in Ethiopia with a production capacity of 900,000 tones and a 35% market share with total employees numbering 1,488. Mugher Cement Enterprise produces two main products: OPC (Ordinary Portland cement) and PPC (Poslana Portland Cement). Sulfate resistance cement also produced on-demand.

See also 
 List of cement manufacturers in Ethiopia

References 

1984 establishments in Ethiopia
Cement companies
Cement companies of Ethiopia
Xinmiao Zhang. Xinmiao Zhang is a Chinese and American electrical engineer whose research has included VLSI design, especially as applied in problems of cryptography, hardware security, and signal processing. She is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Ohio State University.

Education and career
Zhang studied electrical engineering at Tianjin University receiving a bachelor's degree in 1997 and a master's degree in 2000. She continued her graduate studies at the University of Minnesota, where she completed her Ph.D. in 2005. Her dissertation, High-speed VLSI architectures for error-correcting codes and cryptosystems, was supervised by Keshab K. Parhi.

She joined the faculty of Case Western Reserve University in 2005, and became Timothy E. and Allison L. Schroeder Assistant Professor in 2006. She was promoted to associate professor in 2010. From 2013 to 2017 she worked in the electronics industry as a principal research engineer at SanDisk and a senior technologist at Western Digital after it acquired SanDisk in 2017. Returning to academia, she joined Ohio State University as an associate professor in 2017, and is now a full professor there.

Books
Zhang is the author of the book VLSI Architectures for Modern Error-Correcting Codes (CRC Press, 2017). She is the co-editor, with Nicholas Sklavos, of Wireless Security and Cryptography: Specifications and Implementations (CRC Press, 2007).

Recognition
Zhang was named to the 2025 class of IEEE Fellows "for contributions to error-correcting codes and VLSI implementations".

References

External links
VLSI System Architecture Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electrical engineers
American women engineers
Chinese electrical engineers
Chinese women engineers
Women electrical engineers
Tianjin University alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Ohio State University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Advanced Micro Foundry. Advanced Micro Foundry (AMF) is a Singapore-based manufacturer of microelectronic chips. AMF is involved in silicon photonics. They produce devices like high-speed modulators, photodetectors, micro-rings and optical couplers. AMF had in 2019 0.13um CMOS technology to produce a Germanium photodetector with a bandwidth over 35GHz and a dark current below 100nA. AMF has partnered with CMC Microelectronics since 2012. AMF also provides silicon nitride technology.

References

Photonics companies
Silex Microsystems. Silex Microsystems is a Järfälla Sweden-based manufacturer of MEMS devices. It was founded in 2000. Amongst other things, it builds components for LIDAR applications.

History
Silex was founded in 2000.

In 2011 Silex licensed its technology to Nanoshift. At the time it manufactured in 6-inch and 8-inch 

In July 2015, Northzone announced it had exited the Silex shareholder group. At the same time, Priveq and CapMan divested their holdings.

In January 2019 the Financial Times was concerned about the acquisition in 2015 of Silex by the Chinese NavTech company through the IC Fund of China. NavTech specializes in "navigation technology for aviation, satellites and defence". Shortly after acquiring Silex, NavTech bragged it would spend $300 million on a Beijing plant "relying on Silex’s technology". 

In December 2019 Silex announced it had partnered with Kanagawa, Japan-based ULVAC to develop a thin film piezoelectric process.

On 14 December 2021 Silex announced it had acquired Elmos Semiconductor's Dortmund factory which makes 200mm CMOS wafers for €85 million.

In 2021 Silex was the world's leading MEMS manufacturer with $690 million in revenues.

In November 2022 the German government announced it had stopped the sale to Silex of Elmos Semiconductor's Dortmund plant because Silex was now owned by Sai Microelectronics, which is Chinese. The Bundesverfassungsschutz was concerned about Europe, which had "very little production capacity for semiconductors left", and MEMS technology is capable of application to military hardware.

In December 2023, Silex's technology was selected by Omnitron Sensors for its LIDAR product.

In May 2024 Silex announced it had plans to build a plant for 300mm, or 8 inch, wafers.

References

MEMS factories
F.D. Russell. F.D. Russell is a wooden tugboat built in 1938 and operated in the US states of North Carolina and Florida throughout its service life. It was retired in November 1987, and donated to the museum in Ponce Inlet, Florida.

History
Frank D. Russell constructed the ship's wheel as a high school student for a shop class project. He wanted to construct a tugboat in which he wanted to mount the wheel in order to use it after graduation. He designed the boat from using postcards showing New York tugboats with the help of his father. He finally built the 46-foot tugboat in 1938 on the banks of the St. Mary's River. He had carved the curved bow stem from a live oak tree cut in nearby Turnbull Hammock. The boat's ribs are also oak, and its hull is planked with two inch cypress.

For over half a century the "F.D. Russell" plied the waters of the Halifax River.

References

External links
https://www.flickr.com/photos/tracylee/2527911316/

1938 ships
Ships built in Maryland
Tugboats of the United States
To Phoenix. The Phoenix was a human-powered aircraft, designed and built in the 1980s by the British architect Frederick To. It was notable for being an inflatable tailless design and for its low airspeed.

Taking inspiration from Daniel Perkins' work with the Reluctant Phoenix, Fred To wished to resolve issues with storage and crashibility that previous human-powered aircraft had suffered from.  To this end, the Phoenix was designed to have a simple layout, be easily stored, and be robust enough to survive accidents without damage.

Design and development

The Phoenix was a flying-wing configuration, with a rectangular wing planform. A reflex aerofoil, based on a Wortmann 15% aerofoil, but increased to 20% thickness was used. An aspect ratio of 6 was selected as that was considered to be the practical limit for pitch stability for such a design. The wing was built up using polyester film, and was constructed using a series of conjoined tubes running the full span of the wing. The wing was also skinned using polyester film, with a series of curved riblets applied at intervals across the span helping to maintain the desired aerofoil cross-section. When fully deflated, the wing could be folded down and stowed onto a car's roofrack.

Downturned winglets at each wingtip provided directional control. The fuselage was constructed from carbon-fibre tubing, with the pilot seated in an upright cycling position and powering the tractor propeller via a chain drive. Control was by elevons and rudders in the winglets. These were operated by RC servoes controlled by the pilot.

Flight tests

Initial flight tests were conducted in August 1981 at sportgrounds in Chiswick, West London, when a series of three towed flights took place. During the last of these flights, the aircraft crashed from a height of , without any damaged being incurred.  The first human-powered flight took place on 28 March 1982, at the London Docklands, with Ian Parker acting as pilot. Further flights were made that day, all of about 20 seconds duration. It was noted that the Phoenix took a long time to reach flight speed, which To determined was due to the air mass contained within the inflatable wing being some .

Contemporary articles mentioned that To was designing a smaller, hybrid-powered inflatable HPA, with it weighing  spanning  and flying at .

Specifications

See also

References

External links
Fred To's Youtube channel
2010 RAeS lecture by Fred To: Inflatable Structures and their Application to Human Powered Flight

Human-powered aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Inflatable aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1980s British experimental aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1981
The Carbon Removers. The Carbon Removers, formerly known as Carbon Capture Scotland, is a Scottish company specializing in engineered biogenic carbon dioxide () removal. Co-founded by brothers Richard and Ed Nimmons, the company has grown from its origins in dry ice production to become a provider of carbon removal credits and permanent  storage solutions.

History 
The Carbon Removers founded in 2012 as Dry Ice Scotland (CCS) in Perthshire, focusing on capturing  emissions to produce dry ice for industries like pharmaceuticals, food storage, and cleaning. In 2021, with investment from Nash Business Capital, operations were expanded, and the company relocated to Dumfries.

In 2022, the company rebranded as Carbon Capture Scotland to reflect its shift toward carbon removal. This included capturing biogenic  emissions and using them for industrial purposes or permanently sequestering them underground. In 2024, it became The Carbon Removers, reflecting its growing international presence and focus on scalable engineered removals.

Projects

Dry ice production 
The company operates one of the UK's largest renewable -based dry ice manufacturing facilities, producing over 10,000 tons of dry ice annually and contributing to the resilience of the UK's  supply chain.

Carbon removal in the UK 
The Carbon Removers is active in carbon removal operations across the UK. The company captures biogenic  emissions from industries such as whisky distillation and biogas plants, repurposing the  for industrial uses or permanently storing it with its mineralisation partners or storing it underground in disused oil and gas fields where available. Key customers and partners include airlines, major banks and software companies.

Scandinavian expansion 
In 2024, the company launched its Scandinavian expansion, marking its entry into the European carbon removal market. A key achievement was securing a contract with the Danish government to provide biogenic carbon removal credits as part of Denmark’s fund for negative  emissions (NECCS fund).

The Carbon Removers is also a participant in Project Greensand, focusing on permanent geological  storage in the North Sea. Starting in 2026, the company will deliver 50,000 tons of biogenic  annually for permanent storage. While this contract is not exclusive, it represents the first agreement awarded to a UK-based company for North Sea geological storage.

Recognitions 

 In 2023, Richard and Ed Nimmons were recognized by the Institute of Directors (IoD) Scotland for their achievements in sustainability and innovation in carbon removal.

References 

Scottish brands
Carbon farming
Carbon dioxide removal
2012 establishments
UMI 9.50. UMI 9.50 is a backhoe loader constructed for the Polish army, manufactured in Huta Stalowa Wola. In use since 2004. It can operate as an excavator, bulldozer, snowplough, sweeper, demolition hammer, or even an asphalt milling machine.

Construction 

UMI 9.50 is a modernization of the machine, previously designated as model 9.50.

Compared to the previous design, the cabin has been enlarged, the front part has been modified by lowering the engine hood, which has improved the operator's observation. It has fully opening side windows and a lifting rear window. An electrohydraulically controlled excavator boom lowering lock has been installed, the operator can now turn it on and off without leaving the cabin. Additional lights have been used at the back to illuminate the excavator's working area, and the engine compartment has been silenced.

The machine is powered by a four-cylinder Iveco N45MSS turbocharged diesel engine with a displacement of 4.5 l, developing 99 HP at 2,200 rpm and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1,250 rpm.

The engine is coupled with an automatic four-speed gearbox, fully shiftable under load (Full Power Shift), electronically controlled, with the possibility of switching to semi-automatic mode. The drive system allows the machine to accelerate up to 39 km/h when driving forward and up to 22 km/h when driving backward.

The machine has four-wheel drive, drive axles with differential lock and a hydrostatic steering system.

It is equipped with a ROPS cabin mounted on rubber shock absorbers, with a soundproofing package. The standard equipment includes, among others, tinted windows, ventilation and heating system, a rotating operator's seat, suspended and adjustable with a seat belt, adjustable steering column, work lights (2 front and 4 rear), a warning lamp and a radio installation.

The machine can work continuously, with an average load of up to 10 hours. The time to change the machine from the transport position to the working position with any attachment is a maximum of 10 minutes.

The machine is adapted for air transport by Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft and for rail transport. In the transport configuration it does not exceed the road and rail gauge, i.e. weight 8850 kg, width 2.3 m and length 6280 mm.

Work equipment 
Loader work equipment

 standard buckets with teeth or blade and forks,
 multi-purpose buckets with teeth or blade,
 snow blade
 hydraulic quick-hitch: buckets with teeth or blade, pallet forks, snow blade and sweeper.

Excavator attachments

 front-loading buckets with teeth,
 trapezoidal bucket,
 ditch-cleaning bucket,
 hydraulic hammer

Standard equipment

 excavator attachments (telescopic boom and bucket with teeth, capacity 0.2 m3, width 700 mm)
 loader attachments (standard boom and multi-purpose bucket with teeth and tilting forks, capacity 1 m3)
 stabilisation supports, hydraulically controlled.

Operators 
  Polish Land Forces (Currently 75 are in use.

See also 
 SŁ-34C
 Bożena 4 (anti-mine minesweeper)

References

External links 
 Dane techniczne

Military vehicles of Poland
Excavators
Military engineering vehicles