omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Pagan (railway engineer). William Pagan (1849–1924) was a railway engineer in Queensland, Australia. He designed many railway bridges, some of which are now heritage-listed.

Early life 
William Pagan was born in Holestane, Dumfriesshire, Scotland on 27 July 1849, the son of Allan Cunningham Pagan and his wife Jane (née Shaw).

Railway career 
On 21 January 1882, Pagan was appointed as a District Engineer with the Queensland Railways Department. In 1889 he became the Principal Assistant to the Chief Engineer in Brisbane. He was appointed Chief Engineer in 1902 and then Deputy Commissioner in 1911. In 1915, he transferred to the Townsville division.

Later life 
Pagan retired in 1917 and moved to Southport, Queensland. There he served as an alderman on the Southport Town Council for 5 years.

He died on 9 September 1924 at Southport. He was buried at Southport Cemetery on 11 September 1924.

Significant works 
 1899: Swansons Rail Bridge
 1905: Deep Creek Railway Bridge
 1906: Ideraway Creek Railway Bridge
 1906: Steep Rocky Creek Railway Bridge
 1909: Lockyer Creek Railway Bridge (Lockyer)
 1910: Lockyer Creek Railway Bridge (Murphys Creek)
The Official Register of Engineering Heritage Markers listed

 Degilbo-Mundubbera Railway Bridges in October 2016.  A total of 12 bridges built between 1905 and 1914, situated on the Mungar Junction to Monto railway line, are associated with William Pagan and are recognized with one Engineering Heritage Marker representing the "best example of a collection of historic railway bridges in Australia".

References

External links 

Australian railway civil engineers
Colony of Queensland people
1849 births
1924 deaths
Flimsy. The flimsy, officially known as the Petrol, Oil and Water can, was a World War II fuel container used by the British Army. They held  of fuel, which allowed them to be moved by a single person.

The flimsy was well known for leaking; when used in the North African Campaign, some flimsies leaked 20%, and in some cases over 50% of the fuel they carried over a journey. One quartermaster reported that his  of fuel had been reduced to just  over the journey; and was informed that even this was a "good effort".

The problem with the containers was the crimped or soldered seams, which easily split during transportation, especially over the rocky desert terrain in North Africa. Containers were stacked on top of each other during shipping, and the upper layers crushed those below, resulting in fuel flowing freely in the bilges, with the resulting poisoning and fire risks.

The favoured use by soldiers for the flimsy was as a small stove which could be used to heat meals and tea for the crews. A soldier would cut the flimsy in half, fill the bottom half with petrol-soaked sand and balance the other half on top, filled with water. This was known as a Benghazi Burner or Benghazi Boiler, after the embattled town of Benghazi. An alternative use for discarded fuel cans was to fill them with sand and use them to reinforce the walls of dugouts.

Both 4 gallon flimsies and the original 2 gallon cans were replaced by the jerrycan, copied from the much better German design of fuel container. This happened gradually from late 1940, first from captured stock of German jerrycans, then with British-made copies.

References 

Liquid containers
Fuel containers
World War II military equipment of the United Kingdom
Military equipment introduced from 1940 to 1944
Arthur W. Carpenter. Arthur W. Carpenter (1891- 2 January 1981) was a B. F. Goodrich chemist known for his contributions in standardizing testing methods for rubber.

Carpenter was born in Akron, Ohio in 1891, and he was a veteran of World War I.  He obtained a master's degree from MIT in 1913 in chemical engineering.  He joined B. F. Goodrich in 1926.  From 1928 to 1956, he served as secretary of ASTM's standing committee on rubber.  He served as president of ASTM in 1946.  He served for a year on the War Production Board in 1951.  He retired from Goodrich in 1957.

Carpenter won the 1957 Charles Goodyear Medal.

References

20th-century American chemists
1891 births
1981 deaths
Polymer scientists and engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Elizabethtown Industrial Railroad. The Elizabethtown Industrial Railroad  is a switching and terminal railroad operating since 2015 on about 1 mile of track in the vicinity of Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, United States. The railroad owns two EMD SW1200 locomotives of which one is active. Number 19 is leased by Evraz company. Number 33 is leased by Trinity Industries.

Operations
The Elizabethtown Industrial Railroad began with a yellow GE 45-ton centercab locomotive bearing no markings. The locomotive had briefly been in New Freedom, PA, on the western end of the Stewartstown Railroad before being moved to the industrial park a short distance west of the borough of Elizabethtown. It was sold to Erie Coke in Erie, PA, and shipped to its new owner via flatbed truck.

Following the closure of the Evraz Claymont Steel mill in Claymont, DE, in December 2013, the company acquired three end-cab EMD switchers via auction held on March 5, 2014. The locomotives were No. 33 (formerly USS 33, ex-948, and ex-OIM 948), an EMD SW1200; No. 115 (ex-USS 115, ex-NPBL 115), also an SW1200; and No. 919, an SW9 (ex-GSS in Alabama, ex-Conrail 9060, ex-PC 9060, ex-PRR 9060, ex-PRR 8860). Dozens of gondola and flat cars were also offered for sale, but most or all of these cars were scrapped.

The railroad is used for railway tank car storage. Two locomotives are still on site but not in service.

Locomotives No. 33 and 115 are currently advertised for sale on the Sterling Rail website. They are stored out of view on the northwest side of the Crowe Transportation Services facility in the industrial park at 2388 North Market Street, Elizabethtown, PA 17022. No. 919 is leased to Lancaster Propane Gas, 55 Maibach Lane, Mount Joy, PA 17552.

References

External links
Official website

Switching and terminal railroads
Pennsylvania railroads
University of Technology, Nowshera. The Shuhada-e-Army Public School University of Technology (colloquially known as UOT) is a public university located in Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is the first public university in Nowshera District and also the first technical university in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

Departments
The university consists of the following departments:

 Department of Electrical Engineering Technology
 Department of Electronics Engineering Technology
 Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology
 Department of Civil Engineering Technology
 Department of Information Engineering Technology
 Department of Energy Engineering Technology

Academic programs
Following degree programs are offered at the university:

 B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Technology
 B.Sc. Electronics Engineering Technology
 B.Sc. Civil Engineering Technology
 B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering Technology
 B.Sc. Information Engineering Technology
 B.Sc. Energy Engineering Technology

See also 
 Northern University, Nowshera
 Government Post Graduate College Nowshera
 National University of Technology, Islamabad
 Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore
 Mir Chakar Khan Rind University of Technology, Dera Ghazi Khan

References

External links
 UOT official website

Universities and colleges in Nowshera District
Universities and colleges established in 2016
2016 establishments in Pakistan
Public universities and colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Vocational education in Pakistan
1977 Lehigh Engineers football team. The 1977 Lehigh Engineers football team represented Lehigh University during the 1977 NCAA Division II football season, and completed the 94th season of Engineers football. The Engineers played their home games at Taylor Stadium in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The 1977 team came off a 6–5 record from the previous season. The team was led by coach John Whitehead. The team finished the regular season with a 9–2 record and made the NCAA Division II playoffs. The Engineers defeated the Jacksonville State Gamecocks 33–0 in the National Championship Game en route to the program's first NCAA Division II Football Championship.

Schedule

References

Lehigh
Lehigh Mountain Hawks football seasons
NCAA Division II Football Champions
Lehigh Engineers football
KP Technology. KP Technology Ltd was established in 2000 as an international multidisciplinary engineering, science and technology research company offering services particularly in the research, material, energy, defence, environment, corrosion and medical sectors. It specialises in Kelvin probes, surface photovoltage and air photoemission.

KP Technology specialises in design, design support, research and consultancy. It operates in over 35 countries, with primary bases in Europe and North America. It is based in Wick, in the Scottish Highlands and is recognised as a "state of the art" local company.

History 
Originally formed as a spin off from CEO Prof Iain Baikie research, KP Technology has engaged in scientific research for more than a decade.

KP Technology has an active and successful research lab. It has partnered with Harvard University and MIT, CERN Institute, European Space Agency and the University of St Andrews among others.

The company has won two Queens Awards and a John Logie Baird Award for Impact through Innovation.

Notable scientific publications and patents

Collaborative papers
 Work function engineering in low-temperature metals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 113504 (2009);
Affiliations:

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,

KP Technology Ltd., Wick KW1 5LE, United Kingdom

Sole papers

 Ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy of metal surfaces, Applied Surface Science Volume 323, 30 December 2014, Pages 45–53
 Near ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy of metal and semiconductor surfaces. Phys. Status Solidi C, 12: 259–262.
 Dual Mode Kelvin Probe: Featuring Ambient Pressure Photoemission Spectroscopy and Contact Potential Difference, Energy Procedia Volume 60, 2014, Pages 48-56
Affiliation

KP Technology Ltd, 12 A Burn Street, Wick KW1 5EH, Caithness, UK

Patent
 PCT/GB2013/050427A measurement apparatus for surface analysis carried out in a gaseous environment such as air comprises a measurement device capable of measuring a contact potential difference between a probe and a surface, and a light source that triggers photoelectric emission from a sample. The apparatus may operate in “dual” photoemission and contact potential difference (CPD) measurement modes.

Notable projects
KP Technology developed a NASA  Probe.

Scottish Parliament motion
A motion was passed in the Scottish Parliament congratulating the company."That the parliament congratulates business across Scotland and in particular those in the Highlands and Islands who have scooped the Queens Awards for outstanding achievement; notes that KP Technology Ltd of Wick which manufactures and sells Kelvin Probes used to measure Electronic Work Function received an award; notes the firms have significantly increased their export sales over the past few years and are international success storys that are bucking the economic trend across Scotland and the U.K."

References

2000 establishments in Scotland
Technology companies established in 2000
Buein Zahra Technical University. Buein Zahra Technical University (BZTU) is an Iranian public university focused on technological and engineering courses, and located in Buin Zahra, Qazvin province, Iran. This university has become  was founded in 2012, with 45 students enrolled in two bachelor's programs.now has two faculties covering five technical groups, with 2270 students in 17 engineering courses.

References

External links
 Buein Zahra Technical University official site (English)
 Buein Zahra Technical University official site (Persian)
 Buein Zahra Technical University official site (Persian)
 imam khomeini international University official site (Persian)

Engineering universities and colleges in Iran
Buin Zahra County
Education in Qazvin province
Imam Khomeini International University
GARC - Chennai. Global Automotive Research Centre (GARC) is a unit under National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRiP) housing the facilities for comprehensive testing services. GARC provides certification testing and R&D support to the automotive vehicle and component manufacturers in India. The GARC which is under construction is spread over 304 acres with combined office space and test labs at the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre near Chennai at Oragadam. The center will have certification test facilities to conduct the performance testing of full range of automobile. The center will also have the center of excellence for Passive Safety, EMC and Automotive Infotronics.

Facilities at the center
The following facilities are planned at GARC -

 Infotronics Lab (Center of Excellence).
 Passive Safety Lab (Center of Excellence)
 EMC Lab (Center of Excellence)
 Powertrain Lab.
 Fatigue Lab.
 Certification Lab.
 Material Lab.
 Component Lab.
 Homologation Tracks.

Categories of customers served
Four wheeler manufacturers/Commercial vehicle manufacturers/ Three wheeler Manufacturers/ Two wheeler Manufacturers/Construction equipment vehicle manufacturers/ Agriculture equipment (Tractors) manufacturers/E-Rickshaw manufacturers/ Bus body Manufacturers/ CNG-LPG kit retrofitters/Automotive & Non-Automotive engine Manufacturers/DG set manufacturers/Automotive Component Manufacturers.

References

Automotive industry in India
Loowatt. Loowatt is a waterless toilet company, using a container-based sanitation model in which the containers holding waste are periodically removed for treatment. Waste from the toilet can be sent to an anaerobic digester to create biogas and fertilizer.

In 2012, the company started a trial project in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

In July 2013, the company received a grant of US$1,269,936 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to design and build a "commodity-generating waterless toilet system".

References

External links
 https://loowatt.com/ - official website

Toilet types
Toilets
B-H analyzer. A B-H Analyzer is an instrument that measures the AC magnetic characteristics of soft magnetic materials. It measures residual flux density BR and coercive force HC. It has applications in manufacturing magnetic-related products such as hard disks and magnetic tape, and in analysis of cast irons.

See also
 B field and H field
 Magnetic hysteresis
 Saturation (magnetic)

References

External links
Photograph of the SY-8218, a common B-H Analyzer
Scientific Devices

Magnetism
Measuring instruments
Laboratory equipment
Laminex Pocket Rocket. The Laminex Pocket Rocket is an American sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull and first built in 1983. The design is out of production.

Production
The boat was built by Laminex Industries in the United States, starting in 1983. It was developed into the Rocket 22 in 2004.

Design
The Pocket Rocket is a small racing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a transom-mounted rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast. The boat has a draft of .

The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 174 with a high of 178 and low of 165. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Pocket Rocket

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Gary Mull
Sailboat types built by Laminex Industries
Hilscher netx network controller. The netX network controller family (based on ASICs), developed by Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH, is a solution for implementing all proven Fieldbus and Real-Time Ethernet systems. It was the first Multi-Protocol ASIC which combines Real-Time-Ethernet and Fieldbus System in one solution. The Multiprotocol functionality is done over a flexible cpu sub system called XC. Through exchanging some microcode the XC is able to realize beside others a PROFINET IRT Switch, EtherCAT Slave, Ethernet Powerlink HUB, PROFIBUS, CAN bus, CC-Link Industrial Networks Interface.

The Hilscher netX family

Multiplex Matrix IOs (MMIO) 
The Multiplex Matrix is a set of PINs which could be configured freely with peripheral functions. Options are CAN, UART, SPI, I2C, GPIOs**, PIOs and SYNC Trigger.

GPIOs 
The GPIOs from Hilscher are able to generate Interrupts, could count level or flags, or could be connected to a timer unit to auto generate a PWM. The Resolution of the PWM is normally 10ns. In some netX ASICS is a dedicated Motion unit with a resolution if 1ns is available.

References

External links 
 Hilscher homepage
 ASICS

Industrial automation
Computer networks
Industrial Ethernet
Industrial computing
CAN bus
Phycotechnology. Phycotechnology refers to the  technological applications of algae, both microalgae and macroalgae.

Uses

Sewage reclamation

Currently micro-algae are being exploited for environmental protection as the species of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, and Scenedesmus carry out selective uptake, accumulation and biodegradation of pollutants and thus help in remediation. They are used in biological reclamation of sewage since they can immobilize heavy metals from aquatic systems.

Insecticide

Microalgae can be used as biocontrol agents like 'Insect' a commercial bio-insecticide sold in USA, prepared from the dead biomass of diatom frustules.

Fuel creation

Algae are an excellent feed stock for green fuel as they are used for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biogasoline, biomethanol, biobutanol, and recently biohydrogen.

Healthcare
Microalgae are of significant use in healthcare.  Chlorellin from the green microalga Chlorella is an effective antibiotic against Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Other uses
Algae is extremely useful in various fields. An example for natural phycotechnology is the converting of atmospheric nitrogen into bioaccessible nitrogenous compounds by diazotrophic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Species of cyanobacteria like Nostoc, Arthrospira (Spirulina) and Aphanizomenon are used as food and feed due to their easy digestibility and nutrient content. Species of Dunaliella provide products like glycerol, carotenoids, and proteins. Algal-produced proteins can be biofactories for the production of therapeutic substances.

References

Algae
Biotechnology
Agricultural technology
Algaculture
Holbeck TMD. Holbeck TMD is a traction maintenance depot located in Holbeck, Leeds, England. The depot is located on the west side of the line from Woodlesford, and is  south of Leeds railway station.

The site has been used to stable trains since the 1860s.

History 
Having housed steam locomotives since opening in May 1868, the introduction of diesels in the 1950s led to steam and diesel being serviced side by side. However, by 1977 a new two-road diesel maintenance facility had replaced the original brick sheds,  so that in 1978 Holbeck was typically host to up to 20 diesel locomotives on weekdays, and up to 30 at weekends, and around this time locomotives allocated here were outstationed at Skipton as well as being used for duties around Leeds City station.

However, there were changes in the way that British Rail was working, so that the allocation from 1977 of 18 Class 47s, 39 Class 45s, 3 Class 31s and 11 Class 08 shunters had changed by 1985 when Holbeck had no allocated locomotives with Leeds being provided with shunters and HSTs allocated to Neville Hill located on the other side of Leeds City station.

Around 1987, Holbeck had an allocation of Class 08 shunters, and Classes 31, 45 and 47 could also usually be seen at the depot. By 1989, the depot had an allocation of ten Class 08 shunters, which, due to the downturn in freight operations in the area, were transferred away in February 1990.

The shed holds the unique distinction of being the last depot to have express locomotives on shed from the days of the Big Four, these being Ex-LMS Jubilee Class 4-6-0’s. The last of these locomotives, No. 45562 Alberta, was withdrawn on 4 November 1967.

Present 
The site is used by railway maintenance companies, and between 2018 and early 2020, all 16 Class 333 fleet were refurbished on site.

References

Sources

Railway depots in Yorkshire
Rail transport in West Yorkshire
MS-DOS 5 Beta. The MS-DOS 5.0 project started in December 1989. Codenamed "Lifeboat", it is based on MS-DOS 4.00 code. It was the first version of MS-DOS to use beta builds.

Several MS-DOS 5.00 betas were released before the final launch:

See also
 DOS API
 List of DOS commands
 Timeline of DOS operating systems

References

Beta software
Discontinued Microsoft operating systems
DOS variants
Nitin Samarth. Nitin Samarth is Verne M. Willaman Professor of Physics in the Eberly College of Science and Professor of Materials Science & Engineering in the Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, where he also served as the George A. and Margaret M. Downsbrough Department Head of physics from 2011-2023.

He obtained his undergraduate degree in physics from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1980 and his Ph.D. in physics from Purdue University in 1986. Samarth's research interests center on spintronic phenomena in thin films and nanostructures derived from semiconductors, magnetic materials and superconductors. He has pioneered the synthesis of a variety of materials in this context, resulting in key advances in semiconductor spintronics and, more recently, topological spintronics. Samarth's research is published in over 200 articles and has over 23,000 citations (GoogleScholar). 

Samarth is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (2003) and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2013. In 2024, he received the David Adler Lectureship Award from the American Physical Society. His other honors include the Distinguished Alumnus Award from IIT Bombay(2019), the Outstanding Physics Alumnus Award from Purdue University (2008), the Faculty Scholar Medal in the Physical Sciences from Penn State(2008) and the George W. Atherton Award for Teaching Excellence from Penn State (2007).

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Pennsylvania State University faculty
IIT Bombay alumni
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American academics of Indian descent
Indian scholars
Object point. Object points are an approach used in software development effort estimation under some models such as COCOMO II.

Object points are a way of estimating effort size, similar to Source Lines Of Code (SLOC) or Function Points.  They are not necessarily related to objects in Object-oriented programming, the objects referred to include screens, reports, and modules of the language.  The number of raw objects and complexity of each are estimated and a weighted total Object-Point count is then computed and used to base estimates of the effort needed.

See also 
 COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model)
 Comparison of development estimation software
 Function point
 Software development effort estimation
 Software Sizing
 Source lines of code
 Use Case Points

References 

Software development