omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rosiwal scale. The Rosiwal scale is a hardness scale in mineralogy, with its name given in memory of the Austrian geologist August Karl Rosiwal. The Rosiwal scale attempts to give more quantitative values of scratch hardness, unlike the Mohs scale which is a qualitative measurement with relative values. 

The Rosiwal method (also called the Delesse-Rosiwal method) is a method of petrographic analysis and is performed by scratching a polished surface under a known load using a scratch-tip with a known geometry. The hardness is calculated by finding the volume of removed material, but this measurement can be difficult and must sample a large enough number of grain in order to have statistical significance.

Rosiwal scale values 

Measures the scratch hardness of a mineral expressed on a quantitative scale. These measurements must be performed in a laboratory, since the surfaces must be flat and smooth. The base value of the Rosiwal scale is defined as corundum set to 1000 (unitless).

See also 
 Hardness
 August Karl Rosiwal
 Friedrich Mohs

References

Bibliography 
 The Great Encyclopedia of minerals 451 photographs, 520 pages 20'5 x 29'2 cm. Original: Artia, Prague 1986 Catalan version: Editorial Susaeta SA 1989,  (printed in Czechoslovakia)
 Accurate mineralogy. De Lapparent, A .: 1965 Paris
 Minerals and study how to Them. Dana L. Hurlbut, S .: New York 1949
 Schöne und seltene Mineral. Hofmann and F. Karpinski, J .: 1980 Leipzig
 CORDUANT, William S. "The Hardness of Minerals and Rocks".  Lapidary Digest  c. 1990.

External links 
 hardness minerals
 Geotopo XXI:Description of program content 
 hardness and toughness 
 Glossary of technical mining

Materials science
Mineralogy
Hardness tests
Falcon Motorsports. Falcon Motorsports is an American manufacturer of high performance automobiles, most notably the Falcon F series Falcon F5 and Falcon F7. 
The Michigan-based company was founded in 2009 by American automotive designer and engineer Jeff Lemke.

A prototype was first shown to the public at the 2010 North American International Auto Show.

In 2012, Falcon presented the production version of the Falcon F7 to the international automotive press.  This was the company's inaugural vehicle.  The F7 is a mid engine rear-wheel-drive two seat sports car with a monocoque chassis built from aluminum, carbon fiber and Kevlar. In its base configuration the car is powered by a naturally aspirated 427 cubic inch all aluminum dry-sump V8 (LS7-derived), delivering between 620 and 680 hp which enables the 2,750 lb. car to accelerate from a standstill to 60 mph in 3.3 - 3.6 seconds.

The company later introduced an evolution model of the Falcon F7 that utilizes forced induction, i.e. a twin turbo system on its 427 cubic inch V8, bringing the output of the car to 1,100 hp to the wheels. This version will accelerate from 0–60 in 2.7 seconds. 
The powertrain was developed in co-operation with Lingenfelter Performance Engineering.

The Falcon F7 supercar received critical attention from automotive enthusiasts, test drivers and journalists, but the company were only ever to build seven examples, one of which was profiled in episode 19 of the second season of Discovery's TV show How it's Made: Dream Cars.

References

External links
 Official Falcon Motorsports webpage

Car manufacturers of the United States
Automotive companies established in 2009
American companies established in 2009
Companies based in Oakland County, Michigan
2009 establishments in Michigan
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Sports car manufacturers
Ira F. Powers Warehouse and Factory. The Ira F. Powers Warehouse and Factory is a historic industrial building in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1925, it is one of the last remnants of two important phases in Portland's economic history: the city's once-prominent furniture manufacturing and distribution industry, and worker housing for the war industries of the World War II era.

The warehouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Northeast Portland, Oregon

References

1925 establishments in Oregon
Commercial Style architecture in the United States
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon
Industrial buildings completed in 1925
Buildings and structures in Kerns, Portland, Oregon
Buildings and structures in Northeast Portland, Oregon
Romanesque Revival architecture in Portland, Oregon
World War II on the National Register of Historic Places
NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science. The NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for original scientific work of intrinsic scientific importance and with significant, beneficial applications in industry."

List of Recipients 
Source: NAS
 Shuji Nakamura (2020, sustainability) "... for his pioneering discoveries, synthesis and commercial development of Gallium nitride LEDs and their use in sustainable solid-state light sources"
 Robert H. Dennard (2017, computer science) "... for seminal contributions in the field of Microelectronics for the invention of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), and CMOS scaling."
James C. Liao (2014, bio-energy) "... production of higher alcohols as drop-in fuel from sugars, cellulose, waste protein, or carbon dioxide."
H. Boyd Woodruff (2011, agriculture) "... multiple antibiotics, vitamin B12, and the avermectins.."
Robert T. Fraley (2008) "... technologies that enabled the production of the world's first transgenic crops .."
Philip Needleman (2005) "... metabolism of arachidonic acid in physiology and pathophysiology, which generates prostacyclin and thromboxane."
J. Craig Venter (2002) "... using expressed sequence tags in genetic analyses, ... sequencing of microbial genomes, and his leadership in ... sequencing the human genome."
Ralph F. Hirschmann (1999) "... chemical design and synthesis  ... of numerous essential pharmaceuticals, such as anti-inflammatory steroids and anti-hypertensive compounds."
John H. Sinfelt (1996) "... discovery of the principle of bimetallic cluster catalysis and the ... catalyst widely used in making lead-free gasoline."
Nick Holonyak (1993) "... semiconductor materials and devices, including practical light-emitting diodes."
Carl Djerassi (1990) "contributions to steroid chemistry [and] the first successful oral contraceptive.."

See also 

 List of general science and technology awards 
 List of National Academy of Sciences Awards

External links
NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science National Academy of Sciences web site

Notes

Awards established in 1990
Awards of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Propane burnisher. A propane burnisher is a type of rotary floor burnisher, a floor buffing (polishing) device, that is powered by propane. It is designed to rotate in speeds in excess of 1200-1800 RPM. It typically has a series of interchangeable pads that promote the cleaning, along with different types of abrasives and solvents available to buff the floor to a shine.

References  

Cleaning tools
Burnisher
Skyleader. Skyleader a.s. is a Chinese-owned aircraft manufacturer based in Jihlava, Czech Republic. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft in the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and American light-sport aircraft categories.

History
The company was formed as a successor to the bankrupt Kappa 77, s.r.o., in March 2005 as Jihlavan Airplanes, s.r.o., named for the town in which it is located. Skyleader owns 100% of Jihlavan Airplanes and operates it as a subsidiary.

The company works with the Institute of Aerospace Engineering at Brno University of Technology on aircraft design, having jointly developed the Kappa 77 KP 2U-SOVA into the Skyleader 100 to 600 series of microlight and light-sport aircraft. The Skyleader GP One was developed as a new high-wing design and introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2010. Skyleader also does aerospace manufacturing subcontract work and produced the doors for the Airbus A320 airliner.

The Bulgarian company ACS started producing the Skyleader 600 at the state owned TEREM-Letets aircraft factory in Sofia in July 2015 under a licence agreement. 

In 2017, Skyleader was purchased by the Chinese firm Zair Aerospace, which is headquartered in Wuhan. Zair set up a local production line in Hubei to manufacture the Zair JA600 that received Chinese state certification in 2019. The JA600 is a development of the Skyleader 600.

Aircraft

See also
Light aircraft manufacturers in the Czech Republic

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of the Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Jay Kantola. Jay Kantola was an American naval architect who is most known for his work designing multihull sailboats. He began designing multihulls in the 1960s. Kantola was an early proponent of a vessel construction technique called cold molding and cored construction. Cold molding involves bending strips of wood at room temperature to form a desired shape. The shape is then retained by gluing the wood together using epoxy. When the shaped construction is coated with layers of fiberglass saturated with epoxy, the final construct is termed a cored or composite construction. Kantola was one of several designers that worked closely with Meade Gougeon, Joel Gougeon, and Jan Gougeon. These brothers are collectively known as the Gougeon brothers. They also designed vessels and founded a line of epoxy products called West System.

Kantola primarily produced the plans and blueprints for others to construct the final product. One builder he worked closely with for many years was Richard Barrie in Western Boatworks of Reseda, California. Perhaps the most famous vessel that resulted in this collaboration was the 1/8th scale model of the stern section of the vessel RMS Titanic. The  stern section was utilized in the sinking scenes shot for the movie Titanic. A second model of the entire vessel at a scale of 1/20th of its actual size now resides in a museum. To construct both models, Kantola utilized drawings of the Titanic sister ship, the .

Kantola also designed the personal sailing vessels built by Ricard Barrie and his wife, Kris Barrie, for their own use.  The Barrie family weathered a storm aboard the Kantola designed trimaran named Fifth Fox in May 1984 that had winds over 50 knots. In the 1990s, they built a much larger trimaran named Windswept. Windswept is believed to have been the largest trimaran designed by Kantola. It took the Barrie couple eight years to build the 65-foot (19.8-meter) long by 40-foot (12.2-meter) wide vessel. It was ultimately launched in 2000. The vessel featured four cabins, two heads, a large living area, and a 79-foot-tall mast. It could sail at speeds in the low 20-knot range.

Other vessels designed by Kantola 

 Name, trimaran, launched 1979, 34 ft long
 StarTide, trimaran, launched in the late 1980s, length approximately 38 ft
 Name?, trimaran, launched 1981, 35 ft
 Mike Carlson's trimaran, launched?, 39 ft
 Haiku, trimaran, launched 1985, 44 ft long and 26.5 ft wide

External links 
 YouTube Video of the making of the Titanic Model (Head builder Richard Barrie can be seen at 2:04)

References 

Multihull designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Finsterwalder (disambiguation). Finsterwalder is a German language word meaning 'dark forests'. Finsterwalder is a German aircraft manufacturer.

Finsterwalder may also refer to:

Aircraft
Finsterwalder Funfex, a German high-wing, single-place, hang glider, designed and produced by Finsterwalder
Finsterwalder Perfex,  a German high-wing, single-place, hang glider, designed and produced by Finsterwalder
Finsterwalder Speedfex,  a German high-wing, single-place, hang glider, designed and produced by Finsterwalder

Places
Finsterwalder Glacier, a glacier in Antarctica

People with the surname
Frauke Finsterwalder (born 1975), German film director and screenwriter
Sebastian Finsterwalder (1862–1951), pioneered the use of repeat photography as a temporal surveying instrument in photogrammetry of alpine glaciers
 (born 1963), German geodesist, cartographer and university professor

See also
Finsterwald
Sling Aircraft Sling 4. The Sling Aircraft Sling 4 is a South African kit aircraft. It is a development of the Sling 2 to accommodate four people, produced by Sling Aircraft of Johannesburg, South Africa.

Design and development
The Sling 4 is an all-metal, low-wing, fixed tricycle gear kit aircraft, developed in 2011. The canopy was modified to include gull-wing doors. The aircraft has flaps with 40 degrees of travel.

It has been estimated that building a Sling 4 requires 900-1,200 man-hours of work. The aircraft can be supplied as a kit, or built by the factory.

The US Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) tested the Sling 4 in 2016, citing a completed base price of US$123,417, rising to $192,000 with most options.

The UK Light Aircraft Association has limited the airframe structural fatigue life to 500 hours for aircraft in that country. They have also only approved operation for day, visual flight rules.

Operational history
In July 2013, a Sling 4 was flown by Mike Blyth and his son from South Africa to AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States, carrying 20 hours endurance in fuel. The flight included a 14-hour leg over water.

A Sling 4 kit was completed in four days by 40 workers from the factory, and flown at a 2014 South African Airshow.

In a 2016 detailed review for Flying magazine, writer Marc C. Lee praised the design's controls, handling, aesthetics and load -carrying capabilities, while pointing out that it lacks cruise speed, an effective heater, has poor rubber molding and lacks a USB jack system. He also noted it has no mechanism whereby one could taxi with the gull-wing doors half open or cracked.

A group of about 20 South African teenagers built a Sling 4 in about three weeks in 2019, with the engine and avionics fitted by specialists. and planned to fly it to Cairo.

Variants
Sling 4
Base model with  Rotax 914UL turbocharged engine, introduced in 2011.
Sling TSi
Model fitting the  Rotax 915 iS engine, introduced in 2018, with improved aerodynamics, faster cruise speed and a slightly higher useful load.

Specifications (2016 model Sling 4)

See also
Similar aircraft
Alpi Pioneer 400
Vans RV-10

References

External links

 

2010s South African civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2011
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
4
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Jens Quorning. Jens Quorning is a Danish multihull designer and head of Dragonfly Trimarans, a position in which he succeeded his father Børge Quorning.

Designs
Partial list.
Dragonfly 28

See also

Dragonfly Trimarans

References

Multihull designers
Danish yacht designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Khandoli Institute of Technology. Khandoli Institute Of Technology (KIT), Giridih  is a private institute offering polytechnic courses. It is approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Ministry of HRD, Government of India  and affiliated to State Board of Technical Education, Jharkhand and recognised by Dept. of Science and Technology, Govt. of Jharkhand. It offers 3 years Diploma course in Mining Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Civil Engineering. KIT is the only private college in state offering Diploma in Mining Engineering. Jharkhand has an abundance of coal and Giridih is rich in mineral resources and has several large coal fields with one of the best qualities of metallurgical coal in India, so KIT started in 2014 with an aim of transforming Giridih as well as Jharkhand to a primary centre for technical education.
It has successfully completed 4 year and it has started its 5th year of admissions. First Batch got passed out and more than 50% student are successfully placed.

Administration 

Khandoli Institute Of Technology (KIT), Giridih is run by Vivekanand Educational and Charitable Trust (VECT). The Chairman is Er. Arvind Kumar- A Visionary Entrepreneur and good thinker about society and aim of trust.

Academic program 

KIT offers 3 year Diploma in various branches of engineering and technology. All courses are approved by Jharkhand Technical University and AICTE.

Admission to all the courses are done through counselling of Jharkhand Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board (JCECE)  for Polytechnic colleges. Students who appear for JCECE Polytechnic entrance exam can sit for counselling. College also take admission on merit basis under the guidance of representative of SBTE, Govt. of Jharkhand.

Placement 
The first batch of student got passed out and KIT has provide successful placement to 0% of its student. No student got their offer letter on time. Company who visited for the Campus placement are
Management is in touch with many other companies specially Coal India and other government companies for touching 0.1% placement in coming years.

Infrastructure 

College is spread on 15 acres of land on Khandoli-Giridih road very near to Khandoli Dam. It has fully equipped Mining Lab with Lath machine, metals. There is fully equipped lab for Chemistry, Computer, Physics, Mechanical and Electrical. A big library and store is there in a separate building. There is fully hygienic canteen in the campus. Separate Hostel facilities for Boys and girls are available along with Transport Facility.

References

Engineering colleges in Jharkhand
Education in Giridih
Sling Aircraft. Sling Aircraft (Pty) Ltd, formerly called The Airplane Factory (Pty) Ltd., is a South African aircraft manufacturer based at Tedderfield Airpark,
Eikenhof, Johannesburg South. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of light aircraft in the form of kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft for the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and the American  light-sport aircraft categories.

The enterprise is a proprietary company under South African law.

The company has three shareholders: Mike Blyth, Director; James Pitman, Chairman; Andrew Pitman, Managing Director.

Sling Aircraft utilizes numerical control manufacturing and computer-aided design in its aircraft design and production processes.

The company produces the two-seat Sling 2, which was first flown in 2008 and the four-seat Sling 4, introduced in 2011 and Sling TSi which was first released in 2018. The latest model being developed is a new high-wing model called the Sling HW that made its first flight in 2020.

In July 2013, a Sling 4 was flown by Mike Blyth and his son from South Africa to AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States. The flight included a 14-hour over-water leg using the modified Sling 4's 20 hours of fuel endurance.

In July 2022, three Sling High Wings (one tail dragger, two with tricycle gear) were flown from South Africa to AirVenture in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States.

Aircraft

References

External links

 
Aircraft manufacturers of South Africa
Manufacturing companies based in Johannesburg
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Journal of Materials Chemistry C. The Journal of Materials Chemistry C is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the properties, applications, and synthesis of new materials related to optical, magnetic and electronic devices. It is one of the three journals created from the splitting of Journal of Materials Chemistry at the end of 2012. Its first issue was published in January 2013. The journal is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry and has two sister journals, Journal of Materials Chemistry A and Journal of Materials Chemistry B. The editor-in-chief for the Journal of Materials Chemistry family of journals is currently Nazario Martin. The deputy editor-in-chief for Journal of Materials Chemistry C is Natalie Stingelin.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index.

See also
List of scientific journals in chemistry
 Materials Horizons
 Journal of Materials Chemistry A
 Journal of Materials Chemistry B

References

External links
 

Chemistry journals
Materials science journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Weekly journals
Academic journals established in 2013
English-language journals
Karosa Š series. Karosa Š series  is a collective term for several modifications of Czechoslovak bus, which was made by the Karosa Vysoké Mýto from 1964 (prototypes since 1961) to 1981.

History 

The Š-Series buses began to be developed as a successor to Škoda 706 RTO, which was produced in three (or four) variants since 1958. The government resolution from the late 50s caused, that Karosa started developing a completely new high-capacity bus that (due to other governmental conditions) could no longer be modernization of type 706 RTO, but the company had to develop a completely new solution. This concept became semi-self supporting body, which was used by the company Karosa even after the end of production of buses Š series with (the letter Š stands for the engine manufacturer, the company Škoda). The first narrower doors were placed in front of the front overhang, any other doors were wide enough for two streams of passengers. Another requirement was good maneuverability, which was achieved by short wheelbase and split front axle. Engine, and other units were placed under the vehicle floor in the middle, and rear axle was propulsed (rear B axle in Karosa ŠM 16,5).

The very first bus from Š series, ŠM 11, was made in 1961 and unlike his followers was equipped with many parts from Western Europe. In the following years, other functional samples left the gates of Karosa. After production of test series of ŠM 11 was started serial production in 1964. Production ended in 1981, and 26,669 of these buses were made, of which approximately one-fifth was intended for export. The last bus in Czech have been in regular operation until 1994 in Opava and Plzeň. Many vehicles of Š Series retained as historical.

Š-Series buses were intended to be unified with trolleybus Škoda T 11 (the first Czechoslovak attempt to unify the bus with trolleybus). Body Parts for T 11 (almost identical with bodies for ŠM 11) were intended to be produced in Karosa, by electric equipment company Škoda. But due to the general downturn of trolleybus transport in the 60´s was the development of a trolleybus stopped. Total 8 T 11´s was made.

In production was Š series replaced by 700 series in 1981.

Variants 

 Karosa ŠM 11 - a standard three-door city bus.
 Karosa ŠL 11 - a two-door intercity bus, designed especially for ČSAD.
 Karosa ŠD 11 - Long distance Coach for long lines or for tours.
 Karosa ŠM 16,5 - a four-door articulated city bus (only prototype)

References

See also 

 List of buses

Buses manufactured by Karosa
Buses of the Czech Republic
Škoda 30Tr SOR. The Škoda 30Tr SOR is a full-sized low-entry trolleybus produced in cooperation of Škoda Electric (subsidiary of Škoda Transportation) (electrical equipment and assembly) and SOR, which supplies the body based on the bus SOR NB 12.

Construction features 
The Škoda 30Tr is derived from the SOR NB 12 rigid bus. Electric motor is located in the rear of the bus. Plastic Ster seats are used inside. Rear axle is VOITH brand, the front axle is its own production with independent wheel suspension. Only rear axle is driven. Body of the vehicle is welded from steel-voltage profiles, flashings from the outside and interior are lined with plastic sheeting. The floor of the bus is at a height of  above the ground. On the right side of the bus, there are four passenger doors (first is narrower than the other doors).

Production and operation 
Production started in 2011. In Czech and Slovak cities they replaced old high-floor trolleybuses Škoda 14Tr

References

External links 
 Trolleybus 30 Tr, skoda.cz

Buses of the Czech Republic
Buses manufactured by SOR
Škoda vehicles
Single-deck buses
Full-size buses
Low-floor buses
Low-entry buses
Trolleybuses