omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Endeavour 33. The Endeavour 33 is an American sailboat, that was designed by Bruce Kelley and first built in 1983.

Production
The design was built by Endeavour Yacht Corporation in the United States between 1983 and 1986, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Endeavour 33 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a near-vertical transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank also has a capacity of .

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 168 with a high of 180 and low of 162. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Abbott 33
Alajuela 33
Arco 33
C&C 3/4 Ton
C&C 33
C&C 101
C&C SR 33
Cape Dory 33
Cape Dory 330
CS 33
Hans Christian 33
Hunter 33
Hunter 33-2004
Hunter 33.5
Hunter 333
Hunter 336
Hunter 340
Marlow-Hunter 33
Mirage 33
Moorings 335
Nonsuch 33
Tanzer 10
Viking 33
Watkins 33

References

External links

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Bruce Kelley
Sailboat types built by Endeavour Yacht Corporation
Bannihatti Parameshwarappa Dakshayani. Bannihatti (BP) Parameshwarappa Dakshayani is the former group director of the Flight Dynamics and Space Navigation groups of the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre.

Early life and education 
Dakshayani was born and raised in Bhadravati, Karnataka. She was encouraged to study engineering by her father, but he thought a bachelor's degree would be sufficient. She studied mathematics at the University of Mysore and earned a master's degree in 1981. After graduating she worked at Sir Vishveshwaraiah Institute of Science & Technology teaching maths. In 1998 she completed a Masters in Aerospace Engineering at the Indian Institute of Science.

Career 
Dakshayani was appointed to the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre in 1984. She was assigned to computer programming and orbital dynamics. She had never seen a computer when she applied, so had to teach herself during the evenings. The software she designed for trajectory generation was used in several space missions.

She was made director for the Flight Dynamics and Space Navigation groups. Around 27% of the staff involved with the development and design of satellites were women. She was responsible for the low earth, geosynchronous orbit and interplanetary missions of the Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre. She was project manager for the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment and deputy project manager for the Mars Orbiter Mission. After completing an analysis of orbit stability, she identified that a highly eccentric orbit would provide better position accuracy. She won an Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre merit award for her Mars Orbiter Mission. The mission entered the desired Martian orbit in September 2014. In 2018 she appeared on the BBC World Service show My Indian Life with Kalki Koechlin.

References 

Indian mathematicians
University of Mysore alumni
Indian aerospace engineers
People from Karnataka
Engineers from Karnataka
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Laister-Kauffman CG-10. The Laister-Kauffman CG-10 was an American military transport glider aircraft developed during World War II.

Design and development
The development version was known as XCG-10.  This version could carry 30 troops.  It was accepted on October 4, 1943.  The first test tow flight took place on November 6, 1943. The second version, XCG-10A, increased seating capacity to 42 and added a rear loading door. Cargo capacity was up to .

The production version, CG-10A, had an initial order of 990 with the intention of being used for the planned invasion of Japan. 90 were on the production line of St. Louis, Missouri , when the program was cancelled.  Laister-Kauffman considered fitting the planes with two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 engines but this plan never came to fruition.

Specifications (XCG-10A)

See also

Operators

United States Army Air Forces

References

CG-10
Waco CG-13
1940s United States military gliders
CG-13
Aircraft first flown in 1943
High-wing aircraft
Roozbeh Ghaffari. Roozbeh Ghaffari is a biomedical engineer and neuroscientist. He is currently CEO and co-founder of Epicore Biosystems, research associate professor at Northwestern University's Biomedical Engineering Department, and Director of Translational Research in the Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics.

Professional career 
Ghaffari obtained BS and M.Eng degrees in electrical engineering and bioelectrical engineering, respectively, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2001 and 2003. He then completed his PhD research and training at the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology (HST) in 2008. Ghaffari was advised by Professor Dennis Freeman at the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where he conducted research in auditory neuroscience and cochlear mechanisms using microfabrication and microfluidic technologies.

Upon completion of his PhD degree, Ghaffari co-founded MC10 Inc in 2008  (acquired by Medidata in 2020), and was MC10's Chief Technology Officer until 2017. Ghaffari then joined Northwestern University faculty where he is research associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and is co-founder and CEO of Epicore Biosystems.

Research focus 

Ghaffari's research focus lies at the interface of bioelectronics and biology. His research and commercial efforts have led to the development of novel classes of bioelectronic devices and microfluidic-based systems for commercial applications in sports performance, consumer health, and personalized care. He has published over 90 academic papers and is inventor on over 50 issued patents.

Translational focus 
In 2008, Ghaffari co-authored the business plan for Diagnostics For All, a non-profit health diagnostics organization spun out of Prof. George Whitesides Laboratory at Harvard University.
Diagnostics for All won the grand prizes of the MIT 100K and Harvard Business School Social Enterprise business plan contests in 2008. Ghaffari then co-founded MC10 Inc and Epicore Biosystems with his advisor, Prof. John A. Rogers. He is CEO of Epicore Biosystems. He is on the board of advisors of Blendoor, the advisory board of the University of Vermont's Department of Biomedical Engineering, and on the editorial board of Digital Biomarkers Journal and Sensors.

Awards and honors 

 Crain's Notable Entrepreneurs Award 2019

M* obile World Congress Gold Prize Winner (2018)

 Museum of Modern Art (NYC) ‘Sweat Microfluidics: Lab on the Skin’ Exhibit (2017)
 TEDX Gateway Invited Speaker  (2016)
 IEEE Spectrum Emerging Technology Award (2016)
 MIT Technology Review: 35 Innovators Under 35 Award  (2013)
 Diagnostics For All NYSE Opening Bell Ceremony  (2008)
 Grand Prize Winner MIT 100K Entrepreneurship Competition ($100K Award)  (2008)
 Grand Prize Winner Harvard Business School Social Enterprise Competition (2008)

References

1979 births
Living people
21st-century American inventors
Harvard Medical School alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Czerwiński CW I. The Czerwiński CW I, (also known as CW-01), was a Polish glider designed and built by a students' group. Its career was brief but it made the first generally recognized soaring flight in Poland, a strong refutation of the current idea that Polish topography was not suited to the sport.

Design and development

ZASPL, the Aviation Association of students of the Lwów Technical University, was the oldest aviation organization in Poland. Revived after World War I, by 1926 it had workshops in Lwów which began building the glider designs of ZASPL member Wacław Czerwiński. The first of these was the Czerwiński CW I. Design work began in 1923, with the intention of competing in the Second National Polish Glider Contest of 1924, but the structure of glider was not completed until 1926 and its covering was only finished in 1927 after it had been moved to the LOPP hangar at Skniłów airport. Static structural tests followed completion and its first, car-launched flight was made on 13 March 1928.

The wooden CW I was a cantilever monoplane with a high, three-part wing. The wings's short, rectangular plan centre-section was integral with the fuselage, built around three spars and plywood covered. The outer panels were straight-tapered, with ply covering around their leading edges and fabric covering over the remainder of the wing surfaces, including those of the ailerons.

The glider's fuselage was rectangular in section, narrow and deep with an aerofoil-like profile and tapering aft in plan. It was ply covered forward and fabric covered aft, with the pilot's open cockpit at the wing leading edge. The rear surfaces were fabric covered; its fin had a cropped triangular profile and its almost semi-circular cantilever tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage, carrying roughly rectangular plan, generous, balanced elevators. Its rudder, also balanced, was straight edged and extended to the keel, working in an elevator cut-out.

The CW I landed on a pair of skids mounted beneath the fuselage, assisted by a tailskid.

Operational history

Soon after its first flight in March 1928, the students took the CW I on a search for Polish gliding sites and in late May they arrived at Łysa Góra near Złoczów. There, Szczpan Grzeszczyk made three short trial flights and on 26 May made the first true soaring flight in Poland. It only lasted 253 seconds and gained only  in altitude; though poor by international standards, this flight encouraged Polish glider enthusiasts' hopes for the sport in Poland. The same day, the CW I was seriously damaged during its next launch; Greszczyk was injured and the glider abandoned.

Specifications

References

1920s Polish sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Sandhya Samarasinghe. Sandhya Samarasinghe is a New Zealand engineering academic and currently a full professor at the Lincoln University.

Academic career

Samarasinghe earned a Master's of Science in Mechanical Engineering at Patrice Lumumba University, Moscow, and a Master's and PhD in Engineering at Virginia Tech. After her 1991 PhD thesis, titled  'Long-term creep modeling of wood using time temperature superposition principle' , she moved to Lincoln University, rising to full professor.

Much of Samarasinghe's work involves software modelling of complex biological systems.

Selected works 
 Samarasinghe, Sandhya. Neural networks for applied sciences and engineering: from fundamentals to complex pattern recognition. Auerbach publications, 2016.
 Cominetti, Ornella, Anastasios Matzavinos, Sandhya Samarasinghe, Don Kulasiri, Sijia Liu, Philip Maini, and Radek Erban. "DifFUZZY: a fuzzy clustering algorithm for complex datasets." International Journal of Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology 1, no. 4 (2010): 402-417.
 Kulasiri, Don, Lan K. Nguyen, Sandhya Samarasinghe, and Zhi Xie. "A review of systems biology perspective on genetic regulatory networks with examples." Current Bioinformatics 3, no. 3 (2008): 197-225.
 Wijethunga, P., Sandhya Samarasinghe, Don Kulasiri, and Ian Woodhead. "Digital image analysis based automated kiwifruit counting technique." In Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, 2008. IVCNZ 2008. 23rd International Conference, pp. 1–6. IEEE, 2008.
 Samarasinghe, Sandhya, and Don Kulasiri. "Stress intensity factor of wood from crack-tip displacement fields obtained from digital image processing." Silva Fennica 38, no. 3 (2004): 267-278.

References

External links
 
 

Living people
New Zealand women academics
Virginia Tech alumni
Academic staff of Lincoln University (New Zealand)
New Zealand women engineers
New Zealand engineers
21st-century New Zealand women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century New Zealand engineers
Electro-Optical Systems Atmospheric Effects Library. The Electro-Optical Systems Atmospheric Effects Library (EOSAEL) was developed in 1979 by the U.S. Army Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory, which later became a part of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. EOSAEL was a library of theoretical, semi-empirical, and empirical computer models that described various aspects of atmospheric effects in battlefield environments. As of 1999, EOSAEL consisted of 22 models.

Background 
EOSAEL was focused on weather effects and how weather impacts military technology. The battlefield environment includes many sources of aerosols and particulates, including chemical/biological agents, smoke, dust, and chaff. Weather in these environments impacts the functions of military technology, specifically electro-optical devices used for target acquisition. A need for standard tools to facilitate system performance analyses and weather impact decision aids led to development of standard algorithms for modeling efforts, which became a part of EOSAEL.

Description 
The EOSAEL modules provide transmittance and radiance calculations through gases, natural aerosols, battlefield aerosols, smoke, haze, fog, and clouds for bandpass and laser propagation. Its operating system is Microsoft Windows 3.1, a graphical display operating system which gives a common interface to hardware. EOSAEL models provide the visible and near-infrared (0.2-2.0 ]dm), mid-infrared (3.0-5.0 urn), far-infrared (8.0-12.0 ym), and millimeter wave (10–350 GHz) regions of the spectrum, plus 53 laser lines.

References 

Governmental meteorological agencies in North America
Research installations of the United States Army
Military technology
Military simulation
East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor. East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor or East-West DFC is a freight specific railway proposed from Eastern to Western India by Indian Railways. The corridor will run between Dankuni in West Bengal and Palghar in Maharashtra. It was announced by then Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu, while presenting the Railway Budget of India in the fiscal year 2016-17. The Government has indicated that they are likely to use foreign direct investment for funding the project. The project would be undertaken through Public Private Partnership (PPP) model.

Notably, freight trains with a speed of maximum 100 km per hour will pass through the East-West DFC.

See also
Dedicated freight corridors in India
Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
Western Dedicated Freight Corridor

References

Transport in Kolkata
Transport in Mumbai
Dedicated freight corridors of India
Rail transport in West Bengal
Rail transport in Odisha
Rail transport in Maharashtra
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Proposed infrastructure in Madhya Pradesh
Scramspace. Scramspace was a hypersonic engine research project established by the University of Queensland, Australia's Centre for Hypersonics. It was a 1.8 meter long, free-flying, hypersonic  scramjet. A scramjet is fundamentally an air-breathing engine that travels at hypersonic velocities. Built in Brisbane at an estimated cost of $14 million, it took approximately 3 years to complete. Scramspace was supposed to fire at a hypersonic velocity of Mach 8 or 8600 km/hour (5343 mph) but the flight-test turned out to be a failure and the rocket engine and the payload plummeted in the North Sea off the coast of Norway.

Background 
Scramspace was designed and built at Brisbane, Australia. It took 3 years to build and was estimated to cost around $14 million. It was approximated to fly at around Mach 8. It was the first and the largest research project funded by the Australian Space Research Program. A number of ground-based research tests and Mach 8 flight experiments were involved to establish the research project. A number of engineers and PhD scholars were involved in the making of this project.

Ground tests up to Mach 14 were performed to assess the scientific and technical parameters of the project. This was followed by flight tests up to Mach 8.

The project involved five countries in partnership: Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy, and the United States. It was led by the University of Queensland's Center for Hypersonics.

Aftermath 
In August 2013, the scramjet was airlifted to Norway for a final flight test at Mach 8. The engine was fabricated to reach an altitude of about 340 km( 211.266 miles) with the help of a two- stage rocket engine.

According to the experiment, on leaving the atmosphere, the scramjet had to separate from the rocket engine and re-orient itself for reentry. The flight -sensor data had to be collected in a three-second window before the scramjet disintegrated on reentry.

However, because of some unknown issue in the first stage rocket motor, the scramjet payload could not be delivered to the correct altitude and speed in the flight test conducted on September 18, 2013.

The uncrewed spacecraft with the payload and the rocket plummeted in the North Sea off the cost of Norway.

Results 
The final stage of the project did not yield any hypersonic flight data. However, the ground testing, modelling and analysis were able to provide reference results for future projects. The project provided valuable insight and results pertaining to hypersonic physics, hypersonic combustion, and the performance of materials and components. It set an example for future hypersonic aircraft research.

References

Aerospace engineering
University of Queensland
Michell structures. Michell structures are structures that are optimal based on the criteria defined by A.G.M. Michell in his frequently referenced 1904 paper.

Michell states that “a frame (today called truss) (is optimal) attains the limit of economy of material possible in any frame-structure under the same applied forces, if the space occupied by it can be subjected to an appropriate small deformation, such that the strains in all the bars of the frame are increased by equal fractions of their lengths, not less than the fractional change of length of any element of the space.”

The above conclusion is based on the Maxwell load-path theorem:

Where  is the tension value in any tension element of length ,  is the compression value in any compression element of length  and  is a constant value which is based on external loads applied to the structure.

Based on the Maxwell load-path theorem, reducing load path of tension members  will reduce by the same value the load path of compression elements  for a given set of external loads. Structure with minimum load path is one having minimum compliance (having minimum weighted deflection in the points of applied loads weighted by the values of these loads). In consequence Michell structures are minimum compliance trusses.

Special cases

1. All bars of a truss are subject to a load of the same sign (tension or compression).

Required volume of material is the same for all possible cases for a given set of loads. Michell defines minimum required volume of material to be:

Where  is the allowable stress in the material.

2. Mixed tension and compression bars

More general case are frames which consist of bars that both before and after the appropriate deformation, form curves of orthogonal systems. A two-dimensional orthogonal system remains orthogonal after stretching one series of curves and compressing the other with equal strain if and only if the inclination between any two adjacent curves of the same series is constant throughout their length. This requirement results with the perpendicular series of curves to be either:

a) systems of tangents and involutes or

b) systems of intersecting logarithmic spirals.

Note that straight line or a circle are special cases of a logarithmic spiral.

Examples

Michell provided several examples of optimum frames:

Prager trusses
In recent years a lot of studies have been done on discrete optimum trusses. In spite of Michell trusses being defined for continuum (infinite number of members) these are sometimes called Michell trusses as well. Significant contribution to the topic of discrete optimum trusses had William Prager who used the method of the circle of relative displacements to arrive with optimal topology of such trusses (typically cantilevers). To recognize Prager's contribution discrete Michell trusses are sometimes called Prager trusses. Later geometry of cantilevered Prager trusses has been formalized by Mazurek, Baker and Tort  who noticed certain geometrical relationships between members of optimal discrete trusses for 3 point or 3 force problems.

References

Structural analysis
Rohtas Goel. Rohtas Goel (born 4 September 1962) is the founder of Omaxe Limited, a real estate developer based in New Delhi, India.

Biography

Rohtas Goel was born on 4 September 1962 in Hassanpur, a town in Palwal district in the Indian state of Haryana.

He is a first-generation entrepreneur and civil engineer who started his professional career with a private construction firm, but later founded Omaxe to undertake a construction and contracting business in 1987. In 1989, the company was incorporated as Omaxe Builders Private Ltd. and subsequently in 1999; it became a ‘Limited Company’. Under the leadership of Goel, Omaxe made its inroads into the evolving real estate sector in 2001. It soon launched several group housing projects at Noida and subsequently launched its first township, the NRI City at Greater Noida. The company came out with its initial public offering (IPO), which got over-subscribed by 70 times, in 2007.

Goel was featured in the Forbes list of India's richest at 48th number.

References

1962 births
Living people
Indian chief executives
Indian billionaires
People from Palwal district
People from New Delhi
Indian businesspeople in real estate
20th-century Indian businesspeople
Businesspeople from Haryana
Real estate and property developers
Shimansky equation. In thermodynamics, the Shimansky equation describes the temperature dependence of the heat of vaporization (also known as the enthalpy of vaporization or the heat of evaporation):

where:
 is the latent heat of vaporization at the temperature , 
 is the critical temperature, 
 is the parameter that is equal to the heat of vaporization at zero temperature (),
 is the hyperbolic tangent function.

This equation was obtained in 1955 by Yu. I. Shimansky, at first empirically, and later derived theoretically. The Shimansky equation does not contain any arbitrary constants, since the value of  can be determined experimentally and  can be calculated if  has been measured experimentally for at least one given value of temperature . The Shimansky equation describes quite well the heat of vaporization for a wide variety of liquids. For chemical compounds that belong to the same class (e.g. alcohols) the value of  ratio remains constant. For each such class of liquids, the Shimansky equation can be re-written in a form of 

where 
The latter formula  is a mathematical expression of structural similarity of liquids. The value of  plays a role of the parameter for a group of curves of temperature dependence of .

Sources 
Shimansky Yu. I. В«Structure and physical properties of binary solutions of alcohols В», PhD dissertation, Taras Shevchenko State University of Kyiv, 1955;
Shimansky Yu. I. В«The temperature dependence of the heat of vaporization of pure liquidsВ» Journal of Physical Chemistry (USSR), v. 32(8), p. 1893, 1958;
Shimanskaya E. T., Shimansky Yu. I. В«Critical state of pure compoundsВ», published by Taras Shevchenko State University of Kyiv, 1961.

References 

Molecular physics