omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jia Li. Jia Li is a Chinese-American statistician and computer scientist known for her research on image annotation and image retrieval. She is a professor of statistics and of computer science at Pennsylvania State University.

Education and career
Li studied information and control engineering at Xi'an Jiaotong University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1993. She went to Stanford University for graduate study, earning master's degrees in electrical engineering and statistics in 1995 and 1998 respectively, and completing a Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1999. Her dissertation, Image Classification and Compression Based on a Two-Dimensional Multiresolution Hidden Markov Model, was supervised by Robert M. Gray.

She joined Penn State in 2000 after a year of research at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. She worked at the National Science Foundation as a program director from 2011 to 2013, and has been editor-in-chief of the journal Statistical Analysis and Data Mining from 2018 to 2020.

Recognition
Li became a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2019. She was named as a 2020 IEEE Fellow, "for contributions to real-time automatic image annotation and image retrieval".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Chinese statisticians
Chinese computer scientists
Chinese women computer scientists
American statisticians
American women statisticians
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Computer vision researchers
Xi'an Jiaotong University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Scientists at PARC (company)
Pennsylvania State University faculty
United States National Science Foundation officials
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the IEEE
Isabelle Staude. Isabelle Philippa Staude (born 1982) is a German photonics researcher and Professor at the Friedrich Schiller Universitaet, Jena. Her research involves the creation of plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials for the dynamic manipulation of light.

Early life and education 
Staude was born in Germany. She was an undergraduate student in physics at the University of Konstanz. She moved to Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for her doctoral research, where she studied photonic band gap materials. She was a postdoctoral researcher at the Australian National University, where she started working on optical nanoantennas and plasmonic structures. She was Deputy Leader of the Australian Research Council centre CUDOS (Centre of Excellence for Center for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems).

Research and career 
Staude joined the Abbe Center of Photonics at the Friedrich Schiller Universitaet, Jena in 2015. Her early work considered functional photonic nanostructures, and was supported by an Emmy Noetherfellowship. She was made a professor in Photonic Nanomaterials in 2020.

Staude is interested in optically resonant dielectric metasurfaces, which can be used to manipulate the nanoscale properties of light. Metasurfaces were originally proposed as passive structures, but dieletric meta surfaces can be used for dynamic control of light, nonlinear optics and emission.

She has created tunable metadevices that can modulate transmittance electrically, which can be used to make more efficient and sustainable displays. In 2021 she started working alongside ANU on the development of holographic mobile phone displays.

Awards and honours 

 2016 European Optical Society Early Career Women in Photonics 
 2017 German Physical Society Hertha Sponer Prize
 2018 Member of the German Young Academy

Select publications

References 

Living people
1982 births
University of Konstanz alumni
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Jena
21st-century German scientists
Hill Street Tunnel. Hill Street Tunnel referred to a series of rail and road tunnels in Los Angeles, California. Initially constructed to bypass the grades of the street's namesake Bunker Hill, one bore of the dual-bore tunnel served as the roadway of Hill Street while the other facilitated streetcars and interurban trains via a double track dual-gauge railway. One tunnel ran between Temple and 1st Streets. 

The rail bore was built by the Los Angeles Pacific Railroad and was opened for traffic on September 15, 1909. The company rebuilt  of their track as standard gauge the night before the tunnel's opening. The new private route cut twelve minutes off the trip to downtown for Hollywood Line and Sherman Line cars. Pacific Electric cars continued through a second tunnel between Temple and Sunset. The roadway bore opened to traffic on September 9, 1913. The Los Angeles Railway ran streetcars through the southern tunnel starting in July 1939.

Rail service through the tunnels was discontinued with the opening of the Hollywood Subway and the Hollywood Freeway. The tunnels and hill itself were leveled by 1955 and the Los Angeles Civic Center was built on the land. The northern tunnel was partially filled with dirt and remained unused until 1967 when part of it was excavated and turned into underground storage for the rebuilt Los Angeles Unified School District offices on the surface. The tunnel served in this capacity until 2003, when the Central Los Angeles High School #9 was built and the tunnel again filled.

See also
 Hollywood Subway

References

External links
 Hill Street Tunnel at Temple — photo at the Los Angeles Public Library Photo Collection

Pacific Electric infrastructure
History of Los Angeles
Road tunnels in California
Railroad tunnels in California
Railway lines closed in 1955
Tunnels in Los Angeles
Tunnels completed in 1909
Westlake, Los Angeles
1909 establishments in California
1955 disestablishments in California
Demolished buildings and structures in Los Angeles
Interspecies design. Interspecies design is design practice that intentionally involves and emphasizes the contributions of multiple species, focusing on the participation and outcomes for both human and non-human lifeforms. It aims to create a mutual benefit and centers on designing for and with all life.

Definition 
Interspecies design is characterized by the participation of more than one species in design activities and the use of design outcomes by multiple species. This concept extends to all design practices that could potentially involve multiple species, making it a broad and inclusive field.

Need and ethics 
The field arises from a need to include all those at risk of harm, domination, or oppression in the design process, highlighting the ethical dimension of design decisions. This approach challenges traditional practices by considering the impact on and inclusion of non-human species.

Synonyms and related concepts 
Interspecies design is related to but distinct from concepts such as interspecies cultures, multispecies design, ecocentric design, ecological engineering, and more-than-human design.

Application in art and design 
In the realm of art and design, interspecies design has been applied in creating shared spaces and experiences for multiple species, such as in the design of prosthetic habitat-structures for owls.

See also 
 Animal-computer interaction
 Human–animal studies
 Ecological design
 Environmental ethics

References

Further reading 

 Alexis, Nekeisha Alayna (2020). Beyond Compare: Intersectionality and Interspeciesism for Co-Liberation with Other Animals. Routledge. 
 Coulter, Kendra (2016). Animals, Work, and the Promise of Interspecies Solidarity. Palgrave Macmillan. 
 Goodale, Eben; Beauchamp, Guy; Ruxton, Graeme D. (2017). Mixed-Species Groups of Animals: Behavior, Community Structure, and Conservation. Academic Press. 
 Linden, Dirk van der (2021). "Interspecies Information Systems". Requirements Engineering. doi:10/gmmvps
 Meijer, Eva (2019). When Animals Speak: Toward an Interspecies Democracy. New York University Press. 
 Parker, Dan; Roudavski, Stanislav (2022). "Toward Interspecies Art and Design: Prosthetic Habitat-Structures in Human-Owl Cultures". Leonardo. 55 (4): 351–356. doi:10.1162/leon_a_02224.
 Rice, Louis (2018). "Nonhumans in Participatory Design". CoDesign. 14 (3): 238–257. doi:10/gfvpfx.
 Roudavski, Stanislav (2021). "Interspecies Design". In Parham, John (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Anthropocene. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147–162. 
 Santos, Rodrigo dos; Kaczmarek, Michelle; Shankar, Saguna; Nathan, Lisa P. (2021). "Who Are We Listening to? The Inclusion of Other-than-Human Participants in Design". LIMITS ’21: Workshop on Computing within Limits. doi:10/gkdd7f.
 Veselova, Emīlija; Gaziulusoy, İdil (2019). "Implications of the Bioinclusive Ethic on Collaborative and Participatory Design". The Design Journal. 22 (sup1): 1571–1586. doi:10/f9p9.
 Vink, Janneke (2020). The Open Society and Its Animals. Palgrave Macmillan. 

Design
Human–animal interaction
Sustainability
Interspecies communication
Dongfeng Nammi. Dongfeng Nammi, () previously known as Dongchuang Zilian (Wuhan) New Energy Technology (东创紫联), is the electric vehicle division of Chinese State-owned automaker Dongfeng Motor Corporation, specializing in designing and developing budget electric cars.

The company used to be specifically responsible for the domestic sales of electric passenger vehicles produced by eGT New Energy Automotive, a joint venture between Dongfeng and Renault-Nissan Alliance, but became an independent brand which has its own production base since 2023. The vehicles of Dongfeng Nammi shares the production line and supply chain with eGT New Energy Automotive in Shiyan city of Hubei.

History 
Dongchuang Zilian (Wuhan) New Energy Technology was established on October 28, 2020, with Dongfeng Group holding 100% of the shares. It was primarily responsible for the domestic sales of vehicles manufactured by eGT New Energy Automotive Co., Ltd. in China. It used to be a sales company.

In February 2023, Dongchuang Zilian was renamed as Dongfeng Motor Nammi Technology Co., Ltd. Following this renaming, Dongfeng Nami officially assumed the role of a second-tier unit within the Dongfeng Motor Group, embarking on an independent path of brand operation.

During the same month, Dongfeng Nami announced the investment a total of 5.31 billion Yuan in establishing a production base in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Another vehicle production base is in Shiyan city of Hubei. Dongfeng Nami also announced its S3 platform, an EV architecture focus on the pure electric small car platform specially developed by Dongfeng Motor for Dongfeng Nammi.

In August 2023, Dongfeng Motor formally launched its pure-electric vehicle brand, Dongfeng Nammi, dedicated to small-sized battery electric vehicle, along with its Nammi 01. Unlike the company's previous models, Nano EX1 and Nano Box which were developed by eGT, the Nammi 01 is the first vehicle developed by the company.

Products 

 Dongfeng Nano EX1 (2020–present), city car, also rebadged as Aeolus EX1, Forthing T1, Fengon E1, Dacia Spring, Renault City K-ZE, Nissan Venucia E30
 Dongfeng Nano Box (2022–present), city car
 Dongfeng Nammi 01 (2024–present), subcompact hatchback

See also 

 Automobile manufacturers and brands of China
 List of automobile manufacturers of China

References 

Dongfeng Motor
Electric vehicle manufacturers of China
Chinese brands
Car brands
Dieter W. Bergman. Dieter W. Bergman (1931–2014) was an American electrical engineer.

Biography
Bergman was born in 1931. His family emigrated to the United States when he was at a young age.

Bergman began his career in 1956 as a designer at Philco Ford in Philadelphia. His work in electronic circuit design led him to participate in meetings of the Institute of Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) in the 1960s.

In 1974, Bergman was appointed as the first technical director of IPC by executive director Ray Pritchard. During his tenure, IPC developed into an influential organization in the realm of technical standards for electronic circuits. Bergman's work included co-authoring standards related to electronic circuit board design, land patterns, and dimensioning. He also co-founded the IPC Designers Council and contributed to IPC's global standards development.

Bergman's contributions to the field were recognized with the IPC President's Award in 1968, and he was inducted into the IPC Hall of Fame in 1985. In 2012, the PCB Design Hall of Fame was named after him by PCD&F.

Dieter Bergman IPC Fellowship Award at IPC is named after him.

Awards and recognition
 1968: IPC President's Award
 1985: IPC Hall of Fame
 2012: PCB Design Hall of Fame

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
American electrical engineers
Ramasamy Ramaraj. Ramasamy Ramaraj (born 1956) is an Indian physical chemist and a Professor of Eminence affiliated with the Department of Physical Chemistry at School of Chemistry of Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU). He is noted for his works on photoelectrochemistry and photoelectrocatalysis. He has also worked on chemically modified electrodes, artificial photosynthesis and solar energy conversion and nanomaterials. According to Stanford University's report in 2020, he was listed within the top 2% scientists in the world in his field of research.

Awards and honours
 1993: Ajit Memorial Lecture Award from Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
 1998: Tamil Nadu Scientist Award (TANSA) from Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Government of Tamil Nadu
 2000: Homi J. Bhabha Award for comprehensive contributions in applied sciences from University Grants Commission (India)
 2000: Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI) Medal from CRSI
 2011: ERUDITE Scholarship from Government of Kerala, Kerala State Higher Education Council (KSHEC) and Mahatma Gandhi University
 2000: Fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences
 Fellow of National Academy of Sciences, India
 Fellow of Tamil Nadu Academy of Sciences
 2010-2015: Member of National Science Education Panel, Indian Academy of Sciences
 2012-2015: Member of National Committee of IUPAC (INSA-ICSU), Indian National Science Academy
 2017: Member of Indian National Science Academy

References

External links
 Ramasamy Ramaraj on ResearchGate

1956 births
Living people

Indian physical chemists
Wind Engineering (journal). Wind Engineering is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on wind power published by Sage Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Jon McGowan (University of Massachusetts, Amherst). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.5.

The journal began in 1977 as a quarterly journal under the editorship of E. Mowforth at the University of Surrey, and was published by the Multi-Science Publishing Company. Starting with the first issue of 1983, it became the official journal of the European Wind Energy Association, with a new editorial board representing the EWEA; and starting with the second issue, it was additionally identified as the official journal of the British Wind Energy Association.

References

External links

 Issues from 1977-2019 at JSTOR

Academic journals established in 1977
Wind power
Bimonthly journals
Energy and fuel journals
English-language journals
SAGE Publishing academic journals
Franz von Hoefft. Franz Oskar Leo Elder von Hoefft (1882–1954) was an Austrian space scientist.

Biography
Born on 5 April 1882 in Vienna, von Hoefft's initial military career was cut short due to poor eyesight, leading him to pursue academics. He obtained a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Vienna in 1907 after studying at the University of Technology in Vienna.

In 1926, von Hoefft co-founded the  (Scientific Society for High Altitude Research), the first organization in Europe dedicated to space-related research and served as its president. This society engaged in early space exploration concepts and collaborated with contemporaries in rocketry, such as Hermann Oberth.

Von Hoefft proposed several rocket designs, starting with the RH-1, a sounding rocket intended for high-altitude atmospheric research. This was followed by the RH-2, designed for tasks like transporting mail and photographing Earth from high altitudes. The RH-3, a two-stage rocket, was conceptualized for lunar missions. His most advanced proposals were the RH-V, a spacecraft for global and lunar travel, and the RH-VIII, a multistage rocket designed for interplanetary exploration. He suggested these rockets could be built in space to bypass the constraints of Earth-based launches.

Von Hoefft's work was hindered by internal disagreements within Austria's rocketry community and the political changes in Austria during the 1930s. The Scientific Society for High Altitude Research dissolved in 1930, and following Austria's annexation in 1938, the focus of rocketry shifted towards military applications.

Von Hoefft died in Linz, Austria, in 1954, having made significant early contributions to the field of space science.

References

1882 births
1954 deaths
Space scientists
University of Vienna alumni
Hoosier Air Museum. The Hoosier Air Museum was an aviation museum located at the DeKalb County Airport in Auburn, Indiana.

History

Background 
The Hoosier Warbirds were founded by a group of aviation enthusiasts who met in October 1991 following the publication of a classified advertisement in a local newspaper.

Establishment 
The group raised money to build a hangar, which opened in October 2000. It acquired a Cadillac Fleetwood and an AH-1 in 2002.

The museum acquired two airplanes, four engines and an exhibit about the 434th Fighter Squadron from the Wings of Freedom Museum in Huntington, Indiana in 2006.

Closure 
Due to a lack of volunteers and difficulty accessing the site, the museum closed on 3 December 2019. Most of its exhibits were donated to Kruse Plaza, which opened the Hoosier Air Experience. However, the museum's WR-3 was donated to the National Air and Space Museum in 2020.

Facilities 
The museum was composed of a  hangar and a  event hall. The latter included a library.

Exhibits 
The museum included exhibits about the Tuskegee Airmen, the Women Airforce Service Pilots, the Flying Tigers the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, memorabilia belonging to Robin Olds and a control tower cab.

Collection 

 Bell AH-1F Cobra
 Brunner-Winkle Speedbird
 Cessna T-50
 Fokker D.VII – replica
 Loving-Wayne WR-3
 Model RHC1 Helicopter
 Nieuport XI – 7/10 scale replica
 Nieuport XXIV – 3/4 scale replica
 Piper J3C Cub
 Pitts S-1 Special
 Pratt-Read LNE-1
 Stewart S-51D Mustang
 Vultee V-77

References

Footnotes

Notes

External links 
 Official website, older (Archived)
 Official website, newer (Archived)

Aerospace museums in Indiana
Defunct museums in Indiana
Museums in DeKalb County, Indiana
1,4-Butanedithiol. 1,4-Butanedithiol is an organosulfur compound with the formula .  It is a malodorous, colorless liquid that is highly soluble in organic solvents. The compound has found applications in biodegradable polymers.

Reactions
Alkylation with geminal dihalides gives 1,3-dithiepanes.  Oxidation gives the cyclic disulfide 1,2-dithiane:
 
It forms self-assembled monolayers on gold.

It is also used in polyadditions along with 1,4-butanediol to form sulfur-containing polyester and polyurethanes containing diisocyanate. Several of these polymers are considered biodegradable and many of their components are sourced from non-petroleum oils.

Related compounds
 Dithiothreitol
 1,3-Propanedithiol

References

Reagents for organic chemistry
Thiols
Foul-smelling chemicals
G5012 Enshi–Guangyuan Expressway. The G5012 Enshi–Guangyuan Expressway (), commonly referred to as the Enguang Expressway (), is an expressway in China that connects Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei to Guangyuan, Sichuan.

Route
The expressway passes through the cities of Lichuan, Wanzhou, Dazhou, Bazhong and travels through the provinces of Hubei and Sichuan via the direct-administered municipality of Chongqing.

Accident
At on 6 July 2023, a rockslide occurred on an elevated section between Dazhou and Wanzhou. The boulders washed away several bridge piers, causing part of the bridge deck to collapse. Two cars were damaged, and three people were slightly injured.

References

Chinese national-level expressways
Expressways in Chongqing
Expressways in Hubei
Expressways in Sichuan
Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum. The Atterbury-Bakalar Air Museum is an aviation museum located at the Columbus Municipal Airport in Columbus, Indiana.

History

Background 

In mid-1988, an F-4 was flown to the airport as a sling load underneath a helicopter and was placed on display a few months later.

Establishment 
The museum's  building was dedicated on 11 November 1992. The restoration of the former base chapel, renamed the Lewellen Memorial Chapel, was completed in 1998. It opened a new exhibit called A Century of Flight in 2003 featuring a 1:4 scale replica of the Wright Flyer.

The museum broke ground on the Bruce Dalton Media Center, the first half of a two part expansion, in July 2009. It began construction of a second,  addition in July 2013. The addition opened in April 2014 along with a new barracks exhibit. Then, in 2017, it announced plans for an  expansion to store artifacts and serve as a restoration shop. The Thomas Vickers/John C. Walter Artifacts & Restoration Center was dedicated in June 2018.

The museum acquired a C-119 from Greybull, Wyoming and began disassembling it in 2019. The last parts arrived in July of the following year and it was placed on display in May 2021.

Exhibits 
Exhibits at the museum include an airport beacon, a reproduction barracks, a CG-4A glider nose section. Local manufacturers such as Cosco Housewares, Cummins Engine Company, and Noblitt Sparks are also represented with displays of some of their products. Other objects include a motorized cutaway of an R-3350 engine. A collection of five 1:8 scale aircraft models hang from the ceiling.

Collection 

 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
 McDonnell F-4C Phantom II

References

Further reading

External links 

 

Aerospace museums in Indiana
Military and war museums in Indiana
Museums in Bartholomew County, Indiana
Energy in Iowa. Iowa is one of the largest states by electric production and the largest one that does not produce petroleum.
In 2021, Iowa had a total summer capacity of 21,771 MW through all of its power plants, and in 2022 Iowa had a net generation of 71,316 gigawatt-hours. The corresponding electrical energy generation mix was 62.4% wind, 25.4% coal, 9.2% natural gas, 1.6% hydroelectric, 1% solar, 0.2% petroleum and 0.3% biomass. Small-scale solar, which includes customer-owned photovoltaic panels, delivered 308 GWh to the state's electrical grid.

Iowa has been among the top-five energy-consuming states, due in large part to its productive agriculture industry. State regulators implemented the nation's first renewable portfolio standard (RPS) applied to investor-owned utilities in 1983. The goal of 105 megawatts was soon met, and was exceeded nearly 100 times over by the end of 2019. All electrical utility customers have had the option to support further expansion of renewable generation since 2004, and regulators have also taken steps to encourage greater efficiency of energy use. Iowa has produced more electricity than it has consumed since 2008.

Ethanol 
In 2022, Iowa was estimated to produce  of ethanol per year, a quarter of the national capacity. As such, Iowa is the largest state by ethanol production capacity. However, the state's production is nearing capacity for its 42 plants.

Hydroelectric 
According to National Hydropower Association, Iowa produces 980,000 MWh through conventional hydropower. On the Mississippi River, Iowa has four hydroelectric plants. The largest is found in Keokuk.

Hydroelectric dams were originally used for grinding grain in the 1830s. However, they are being dismantled for environmental purposes.

Solar power 

Iowa produced 349 megawatts of solar power installed .

Wind power 

Wind power makes up 62% of Iowa's electric production.

Nuclear
Duane Arnold Energy Center is Iowa's only nuclear power plant and began decommissioning in 2020; in 2024, they are considering reopening it to help power AI data center projects in Iowa.

See also 

 List of power stations in Iowa

References 

Energy in Iowa