omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ECTF. ECTF (the Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum) was formed in
1995 by telephony equipment and software suppliers to
improve the interoperability of various vendors’ CT solutions.
Until ECTF was formed, the computer telephony industry was an
alphabet soup of competing software and hardware platforms.
ECTF has sought to improve this situation, and to enhance
the “scalability” of CT standards so that telephony systems
serving the needs of small businesses as well as large, multinational
corporations can be built using the same technology.

It consists of many working groups on different areas (e.g. Speech Recognition, etc.).

Standards 
 H.100 — a standard published by the CompTIA ECTF for communication between PCI cards in a computer telephony system.

References

External links
ECTF Homepage
archived webpage

Telecommunications organizations
Regional Institute of Science and Technology. The Regional Institute of Science & Technology (RIST) was established in 2009 by the Erd Foundation (a charitable trust). It is a technical college in the north eastern region of India. The college and courses are recognized by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and affiliated to The North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya. The RIST was created to meet the need for technical personnel in northeast India.

The college offers bachelor's degrees in six engineering fields: computer science, electronics and communication, information technology, electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering.

Location
The institute is located on the hills of 9th Mile, opposite the CRPF group centre, Khanapara, Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. It is  from Dispur, the capital of Assam and  from Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya.

Branches
The college offers BTech courses in:
     Computer Science & Engineering
     Electrical & Electronics Engineering
     Electronics & Communication Engineering
     Information Technology
     Mechanical Engineering
     Civil Engineering
The courses are affiliated to North-Eastern Hill University.

Intake
The following are the intake for each branch:
 Computer Science & Engineering 120
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering 60
 Electronics & Communication Engineering 60
 Information Technology 60
 Mechanical Engineering 60
 Civil Engineering 120

Admission
There are several ways to apply for admission to the RIST. Candidates with a valid AIEEE score can apply directly, while those without an AIEEE score can take the Common Entrance Test conducted by the ERD Foundation. There are also reserved seats for candidates from all northeastern states, who are selected by the Director of Technical Education.

Facilities
 Computerized library 
 Residential accommodation in separate hostels for boys and girls.
 Fleet of buses for transport.
 Dedicated leased line internet connectivity 
 More than 100 desktop terminals in a network with a server farm.
 Other facilities includes gym, fitness studio, health care, IT centre, cafes and restaurants.

See also
 University of Science and Technology Meghalaya

References

External links
 RIST Official Website
 ERDF Official Website
 USTM Official Website

Universities and colleges in Meghalaya
Mór Korach. Mór Korach or Maurizio Korach (8 February 1888 − 27 November 1975) was a Hungarian chemical engineer, founder of technical chemistry in Hungary, and a full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Residing in Italy between 1912 and 1952, he was internationally recognized for his ceramic engineering researches, significantly developing the Italian ceramic industry.

He was born in Miskolc, Hungary, and studied at the Budapest University of Technology until 1911, then migrated to Italy in 1912 for political reasons. From 1916 until 1932 on he was a teacher in the art school of International Museum of Ceramics in Faenza, also directed the research laboratory of the museum. After 1925 he was the chairman of the technical chemistry department at the University of Bologna. During World War II he joined the Italian Communist Party and took part in the resistance movement. Called by the Hungarian government he moved back to Hungary in 1952. He assisted to the foundation of the Central Research Institute for Construction Materials of which he was the first director between 1953 and 1957. From 1960 until 1968 he was acting as founder director of the Research Institute of Technical Chemistry in Budapest.

His main research field was the technical chemistry of ceramic manufacture, chemical processing of ceramics. In 1928 he was the first to invent and construct an electric tunnel kiln, later on he worked out a new ceramics firing method (what he named 'sandwich firing'). In addition to this he also made extensive researches on thermal insulators and technology of glazed tile manufacture. During the late period of his career he put down the theoretical fundamentals of technical chemistry and successfully adapted mathematical models (e.g. graph theory) to describe chemical processes.

He was a corresponding (1956), then a full member (1958) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In Italy he was a popular writer under the name of Marcello Cora; he collaborated to prestigious review La Ronda and wrote novels such as Il figliuol prodigo (1933). He died in Budapest, Hungary.

Works 
Elementi di tecnologia ceramica I–III. Faenza, Museo delle ceramiche, 1928, 51 + 48 + 83 p.
On methodological problems of technology. in: Periodica Polytechnica 1958. 145–171.
Általános kémiai technológia. [General chemical technology.] Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1967, 327 p.

See also 
A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia tagjai 1825–2002 II. [Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1825-2002.] Budapest, 2003, pp. 667.
Carmine Di Biase - Maurizio Korach(Marcello Cora): la Ronda e la letteratura tedesca , Napoli, Societa' editrice napoletana, 1978.

References 

20th-century Hungarian engineers
Hungarian chemical engineers
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1888 births
1975 deaths
Oil field engine. Oil Field Engine is a sort of internal combustion engine used as a power source in the production of crude petroleum. Most commonly the term refers to a class of reciprocating engines built in the mid to late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Evolution
With the drilling of the first commercially successful oil well by Edwin Drake in 1859, a new industry was born- one that would rapidly demand new technologies for extraction.  Initially, the steam engine used for drilling the well was kept in-place to lift the oil to the surface.  As the well's production dropped off, the economic feasibility of firing a boiler and maintaining a steam operation at each individual well fell far short of the income from the well's production (often only a fraction of a barrel per day.)  The ideal solution was to install a new gas engine at each well, thus eliminating hours of preparatory work and large quantities of fuel required to steam a boiler for only a few hours of production.  High initial cost prevented this in most cases, so it became much more feasible to convert an abundance of existing steam engines to gas engines.  The idea of a converted engine is most commonly credited to Dr. Edwin J. Fithian, a Portersville, PA physician with a great interest in mechanics.  His 1897 prototype for a 10-horsepower conversion cylinder was turned down by the Oil Well Supply Company of Oil City, PA, so in 1898 Dr. Fithian partnered with John Carruthers and formed the Carruthers-Fithian Clutch Company, with headquarters in Grove City, PA.  The "half-breed" concept (as these engines- being half steam engine, half gas engine, were often referred to) was an immediate success, with an oil producer being able to convert a steam engine with a 10HP gas cylinder and clutch for $120.00.  Soon after, multiple companies capitalized on the market for conversion cylinders, most producing a simple two-stroke gas cylinder to bolt onto a steam bedplate, thus avoiding patent infringement from Carruthers-Fithian (which by 1899 had formed the Bessemer Gas Engine Company in Grove City.)    Other manufacturers produced engines that were purely of an internal-combustion design, and examples of both exist to this day.

Basic Design
Whether two or four-stroke in design, all oilfield engines share some common parts.  A heavy cast iron bedplate secures the engine to its base, usually of concrete.  The cylinder is attached to one end of the bedplate, the crankshaft bearings are at the other.  The crankshaft rests in these bearings, with either one or two flywheels and a clutch fastened to it.  A great number of oil field engines used a crosshead to connect the piston rod to the connecting rod; this slides back and forth between the bedplate and crosshead guides.  Ignition in the combustion chamber is either by hot tube or spark plug.

Nomenclature

Builders
There were a number of builders of oilfield engines, most located in the region producing Pennsylvania-Grade crude petroleum.  Some of the best known include:

References

External links
 http://sites.google.com/site/reidengine/
 http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=432

Piston engines
Petroleum technology
Colorimeter (chemistry). A colorimeter is a device used in colorimetry that measures the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light by a specific solution. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of a known solute in a given solution by the application of the Beer–Lambert law, which states that the concentration of a solute is proportional to the absorbance.

Construction

The essential parts of a colorimeter are:
 a light source (often an ordinary low-voltage filament lamp);
 an adjustable aperture;
 a set of colored filters;
 a cuvette to hold the working solution;
 a detector (usually a photoresistor) to measure the transmitted light;
 a meter to display the output from the detector.

In addition, there may be:
 a voltage regulator, to protect the instrument from fluctuations in mains voltage;
 a second light path, cuvette and detector.  This enables comparison between the working solution and a "blank", consisting of pure solvent, to improve accuracy.

There are many commercialized colorimeters as well as open source versions with construction documentation for education and for research.

Filters
Changeable optics filters are used in the colorimeter to select the wavelength which the solute absorbs the most, in order to maximize accuracy. The usual wavelength range is from 400 to 700 nm. If it is necessary to operate in the ultraviolet range then some modifications to the colorimeter are needed. In modern colorimeters the filament lamp and filters may be replaced by several (light-emitting diode) of different colors.

Cuvettes

In a manual colorimeter the cuvettes are inserted and removed by hand. An automated colorimeter (as used in an AutoAnalyzer) is fitted with a flowcell through which solution flows continuously.

Output
The output from a colorimeter may be displayed by an analogue or digital meter and may be shown as transmittance (a linear scale from 0 to 100%) or as absorbance (a logarithmic scale from zero to infinity). The useful range of the absorbance scale is from 0 to 2 but it is desirable to keep within the range 0–1, because above 1 the results become unreliable due to scattering of light.

In addition, the output may be sent to a chart recorder, data logger, or computer.

See also

 Spectronic 20
 Spectrophotometer
 Lovibond Colorimeter

Notes

References
The Nuffield Foundation 2003. March 30, 2003.  
"Colour." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. (2011) Accessed 17 November 2011. 
"Colorimetry" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. (2011) 17 November 2011. 
Orion Colorimetry Theory. The Technical Edge. 

Scientific instruments
Color
Optical instruments
Spectroscopy
Laboratory equipment
Gordon Rawcliffe. Gordon Hindle Rawcliffe FRS (2 June 1910 – 3 September 1979) was a British electrical engineer and academic.

Life
Gordon Hindle Rawcliffe, whose father was an Anglican clergyman in Sheffield, was born on 2 June 1910, moving from Sheffield to Gloucester when he was two.  He was educated at the King's School, Gloucester, Hereford Cathedral School and St Edmund's School, Canterbury before matriculating at Keble College, Oxford to study mathematics.  After his first-year examinations, he switched to engineering, under Richard V. Southwell, and obtained a first-class degree in 1932.  He worked for the next five years for Metropolitan-Vickers in Manchester, initially as an apprentice and then as a design engineer.  In 1937, more interested in the science of engineering than production methods, he moved to the University of Liverpool as lecturer in electrical engineering; four years later, he moved again, to the University of Aberdeen, as lecturer in charge of electrical engineering and departmental head of Robert Gordon's Technical College (now Robert Gordon University).  In 1944, the University of Bristol appointed him Professor of Electrical Engineering, a post that he held for the next 31 years.  After retiring in 1975, he died in Bristol of a heart attack on 3 September 1979, brought on by the asthma that affected his health throughout his life.

Work
From 1955 onwards, Rawcliffe worked on polyphase winding of alternating current machinery.  He developed the principle of pole amplitude modulation, enabling induction motors to run at different speeds; with his fellow-researchers, he filed more than 60 patents and wrote many scientific papers.  He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972, appointed an Honorary Fellow of Keble College, Oxford in 1976, and received honorary degrees from the universities of Loughborough and Bath.

References

1910 births
1979 deaths
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
British electrical engineers
Fellows of Keble College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society
Metropolitan-Vickers people
Academics of Robert Gordon University
People educated at Hereford Cathedral School
People educated at The King's School, Gloucester
People educated at St Edmund's School Canterbury
People from Gloucester
People from Sheffield
Opus africanum. Opus africanum is a form of ashlar masonry used in Carthaginian and ancient Roman architecture, characterized by pillars of vertical blocks of stone alternating with horizontal blocks, filled in with smaller blocks in between.  

Its name derives from the Roman province of Africa, and is common in North Africa, but also found in Sicily and Southern Italy.

See also
 Roman concrete (opus caementicium) – building material used in construction during the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. 
Dougga in Tunisia contains many examples of opus africanum.

References 

Adam, Jean-Pierre (1999). Roman Building. Routledge.  Pages 120–121. 

Bricks
Concrete
Ancient Roman construction techniques
Georgia Safe Dams Program. The Georgia Safe Dams Program is part of the Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The Safe Dams Program must:

 Inventory all existing and proposed dams over  tall or with a  of storage at the top of the dam.
 Reinventory existing low hazard (Category II) dams at least every five years.
 Classify dams based on development within the dam failure flood zone downstream.
 Approve plans and specifications for construction and repair of all high hazard (Category I) dams.
 Continuously monitor Category I dams for safety.

Category I dams might result in loss of human life upon failure or improper operation; Category II would not.

Notes 

Water management authorities in the United States
Dams in Georgia (U.S. state)
Dam-related organizations
State agencies of Georgia (U.S. state)
Fisher FP-404. The Fisher FP-404 is a Canadian single-seat, conventional landing gear, single-engined biplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders. Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada.

Development
The FP-404 was designed by Fisher Aircraft in the United States in 1984 and was the company's first design that was too heavy for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, with the category's maximum  empty weight. The 404's standard empty weight is  when equipped with a two-stroke  Rotax 503 engine, putting it into the US experimental-amateur-built category, although it qualifies as an ultralight in other countries, such as Canada. The design goal was to provide a nostalgic aircraft reminiscent of the biplanes of the 1930s, as the company explains "The FP-404 represents a reborn era in airborne adventure. This bi-plane aircraft is a throw-back to seat-of-the-pants flying, complete with minimal instruments and bare-necessity controls."

The construction of the FP-404 is similar to the Fisher FP-202 Koala. The aircraft's structure is entirely made from wood, with the wooden fuselage built from wood strips arranged in a geodesic form, resulting in a very strong and light aircraft with redundant load paths. Both the wings and fuselage are covered with doped aircraft fabric. The wings are strut-braced with both interplane struts and cabane struts. The aircraft has no flaps. The company claims it takes an amateur builder 500 hours to build the FP-404, "using normal household tools".

Early versions of the FP-404 were equipped with the  Rotax 277 in an attempt to keep the aircraft under the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles weight limit but the aircraft was found to be under-powered due to its short wing span and high-drag configuration. Heavier engines, like the  Rotax 447 and  Rotax 503 engines provided adequate power but put the 404 over the category weight limit. These models were designated as the Fisher 404 EXP to show that they would not qualify for the FAR 103 weight limit.

By late 2004 over 350 FP-404s were flying.

Reviewer Andre Cliche said about the design:

Variants
FP-404
Single-seat, single-engined biplane, initial version equipped with a  Rotax 277 powerplant for the FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category
FP-404 EXP
Single-seat, single-engined biplane, later version equipped with a  Rotax 447 or  Rotax 503 powerplant for the US experimental-amateur-built category

Specifications (FP-404 EXP)

See also

References

External links

Official website
Photo of FP-404

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1984
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
FP-404
Single-engined piston aircraft
XF3. XF3 may refer to:

Aviation 
Bell D-188A (also designated XF3L), proposed supersonic tiltjet fighter
Berliner-Joyce XF3J, biplane fighter
Grumman F3F (experimental designation XF3F-1), biplane fighter
Ishikawajima-Harima F3 (development designation XF3), turbofan jet engine
Vought XF3U, prototype biplane fighter
Wright XF3W Apache, racing aircraft

Other uses 
(49379) 1998 XF3, minor planet
The X Factor (British series 3), British TV series
Radio callsign for the Caribbean islands in Mexico - see Call signs in Mexico
László Kozma. László Kozma (Miskolc, Hungary, 28 November 1902 − Budapest, Hungary, 9 November 1983) was a Hungarian electrical engineer, designer of the first Hungarian digital computer (1957), and a full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Due to the regulations of numerus clausus his application to the Budapest University of Technology was rejected in 1921, and he started to work as an electrician. Between 1925 and 1930 he studied at the Brno University of Technology, where he graduated as an electrical engineer in 1930, then was hired by the Antwerp office of the International Telephone & Telegraph company to design automated telephone switchboards and electromechanical computers. He moved back to Hungary in 1942, but in 1944 he was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp. He returned in August 1945 in a very poor physical state, then worked for a Hungarian electrical company Standard Electrical Co. as designing engineer. He was arrested by the communist government in 1949, and sentenced to 15 years in the show trial Standard Gate. He was rehabilitated and released from prison in 1954 and taught as a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics between 1955 and 1972.

His main researches were in the field of automatization of telephone technology, but he is more notable for the first Hungarian digital computer (called MESZ–1) which he designed and created between 1955 and 1957. He was a corresponding (1961), then a full member (1976) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Some important publications 
The new digital computer of the Polytechnical University, Budapest. in: Periodica Polytechnica 1959. 321–343.
Távbeszélő technika I–II. [Telecommunication technologies.] Budapest, 1966–1967, 366 + 184 p. (with Béla Frajka)

References 
A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia tagjai 1825–2002 II. [Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1825-2002.] Budapest, 2003.
 Biography at IEEE's 1996 Computer Pioneer Award

Hungarian electrical engineers
Cyberneticists
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1983 deaths
1902 births
Mauthausen concentration camp survivors
Fisher FP-505 Skeeter. The Fisher FP-505 Skeeter is a Canadian single-seat, conventional landing gear, single-engined parasol-wing monoplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders. Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada.

Development
The FP-505 was designed by Fisher Aircraft in the United States in 1984 and was intended to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, with the category's maximum  empty weight. The 505's standard empty weight is  when equipped with a two-stroke  Rotax 277 engine. The design goal was to provide a nostalgic 1930s-style parasol similar in configuration to the Pietenpol Air Camper or Heath Parasol that would be easy to fly, with a high wing and an open cockpit.

The construction of the FP-505 is of wood, with the fuselage built from wood strips arranged in a geodesic form, resulting in a very strong and light aircraft with redundant load paths. The wings, tail and fuselage are covered with doped aircraft fabric. The wings are strut-braced with both jury struts and cabane struts. The aircraft has no flaps. The conventional-configuration landing gear is bungee suspended. The company claims it takes an amateur builder 500 hours to build the FP-505.

Early versions of the FP-505 were equipped with the  Rotax 277, and the aircraft reportedly flies well on that minimum power. Since the Rotax 277 is no longer in production, the  Hirth F-33 is specified along with the  Rotax 447 and  Rotax 503 engines.

By late 2011 over 45 FP-505s were flying.

Specifications (FP-505)

See also

References

External links
Official website
Photo of FP-505 Skeeter

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1984
FP-505
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear