omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Staffane. A staffane or [n]staffane is an organic compound, a polycyclic hydrocarbon with molecular structure H-[-C≡(-CH2-)3≡C-]n-H, for some integer n ≥ 1.  The chemical formula is therefore C5nH6n+2

Staffanes were first obtained in 1988 by Piotr Kaszyński and Josef Michl, by spontaneous polymerization of [1.1.1]-propellane C5H6 or C2(=CH2)3. In the reaction, the axial C-C bond of the propellane (the "bridge") is broken, creating a free bond on each of the two axial carbons (the "bridgeheads").  The resulting structural unit [-C≡(-CH2-)3≡C-] is a rigid cage, consisting of two carbon atoms joined by three methylene bridges; therefore the joined units are constrained to lie on a straight line. This feature has generated substantial interest among nanotechnology researchers, who have considered staffane oligomers as convenient "rigid rods" for building all sorts of nanostructures.

An oligomer with a specific number n of units is denoted by  [n]staffane (e.g., [1]staffane, [2]staffane, etc..)  The notation [n]staffane is used when the number of units is variable or unspecified; in this case the "n" in the brackets is not a variable, but the letter "n", considered part of the name.

References

Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons
F46. F46 may refer to:

 F46 (classification), a disabled sports handicap class for arm amputees
 BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer, an automobile
 , a Type 22 frigate of the Brazilian Navy
 Fairchild F-46, an American aircraft
 , a J-class destroyer of the Royal Navy
 , a Talwar-class frigate of the Indian Navy
 Ralph M. Hall/Rockwall Municipal Airport, in Rockwall, Texas, United States
High Frequency Data Link. High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) is an ACARS communications medium used to exchange data such as Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) messages, Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) messages and Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) messages between aircraft end-systems and corresponding ground-based HFDL ground stations. Using the unique propagation characteristics of high-frequency radio waves, the ground stations provide data link communications to properly equipped aircraft operating anywhere in the world. As a result, pilots can always communicate with someone on the ground.

Avionics supporting HFDL

To use the service, an aircraft only needs a Communications Management Unit (CMU), or equivalent and an HFDL data radio. The CMU is an airborne communications router that interfaces with many aircraft communications systems including SATCOM, VHF, HFDL, FMS and others.

Global coverage

Today, HFDL is an air/ground data link standard with coverage in virtually every corner of the globe, approximately  where aircraft are never out of touch both in the air and on the ground. There are around 15 HF ground stations (HGS) available today, and, like a canopy within a jungle, the stations provide overlap and redundancy in the unlikely event of a HGS failure.  These 15 stations provide nearly complete global coverage, including both poles, and system availability is 100 percent.

Evolving technology

The HFDL network and avionics are a continuing evolution. Recent innovations in avionics software developed by both Honeywell and Collins have enhanced performance and contribute to the service’s outstanding message success rates. There is continued investment in the HFDL infrastructure and there is a long term strategy in place to ensure its success.

ARINC have been quoted as saying that the system and its use have grown at rates above 20% for each of the past ten years and it now supports over sixty airlines with well over 1,200 aircraft sending more than 1 million messages a month. In 2009 eight new operating frequencies were added which brings the total number of frequencies to 167 worldwide.

Increased system use

The design of the system allows for 4 channels per ground station.  Currently, 12 stations are only using ½ of the designed capacity.  3 others are using 3 of the 4 designed channels.  Stations are actively monitored for traffic load and can determine when additional channels needs to be added by the service providers.

HFDL outperforms HF voice

Due to the digital nature of HFDL, it uses between 1/3 and 1/2 of the bandwidth that voice requires,  so data can continue to be decoded when voice is unusable.  This was proven during the 2003 Halloween Solar Storm when aircraft were still using HFDL on polar routes when voice was unusable.

Automatic frequency selection

HFDL does not require pilots to dial in specific frequencies, as with HF voice, the data radios constantly scan and select the most efficient frequency to use making operation seamless for flight crews.

Flight planning providers

ARINC
SITA

References

Meteorological data and networks
AXIe. AdvancedTCA Extensions for Instrumentation and Test (AXIe) is a modular instrumentation standard created by 
Aeroflex, Keysight Technologies, and Test Evolution Corporation.
(In October 2008, Aeroflex had purchased a 40% shareholding in Test Evolution.)

AXIe was targeted for general-purpose instrumentation and semiconductor test. AXIe is based on standards from AdvancedTCA (ATCA), PXI, LAN eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI), and Interchangeable Virtual Instruments (IVI). AXIe was formally launched on November 10, 2009.

Additional members joining the AXIe Consortium were: Viavi Solutions, Guzik Technical Enterprises (December 2009), Giga-tronics (January 2010), ADLINK Technology, Conduant (2019), Elma Electronic, Samtec, Informtest, Power Value Technologies, Synopsis and Modular Methods.

In October, 2017, the AXIe consortium announced a new specification, Optical Data Interface (ODI), suitable for high-speed instrumentation systems addressing challenging applications in 5G communications, mil/aero, and advanced communication research. The new standard enables a 20 GB/s (160 Gbit/s) data transfer connection between instruments and/or data recorders using multi-mode optical fibers.

References

External links
An overview presentation of AXIe
An overview of ODI (Optical Data Interface)

Electronics standards
Ethernet standards
Networking standards
Knudsen pump. The Knudsen pump also referred to as "thermal transpiration pump" or "Knudsen compressor" is a gas pump that utilizes no moving parts. Instead it uses thermal transpiration, the phenomenon that gas molecules drift from the hot end to the cold end of a narrow channel. Thus a hot vacuum chamber "transpires" into the cold chamber. This thermal transpiration flow is induced when the boundary walls of the pump have a temperature gradient. Because the pump is based simply on temperature differences and has no moving parts, it could provide reliable and precise control of gas flow for a variety of applications, such as gas-sensing breath analyzers, chemical weapons detectors, and in satellite control.
It is named after Martin Knudsen, a Danish physicist.

References

Pumps
KOA Corporation. KOA Corporation (Japanese: コーア株式会社, Kōa kabushiki kaisha; ) is a multinational passive electronic components supplier based in Japan. The company was founded on March 10, 1940 and registered to become a public corporation on May 24, 1947. They manufacture resistors and other electronic parts.

References 

Electronics companies of Japan
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Electronics companies established in 1940
Companies based in Nagano Prefecture
Japanese brands
Achilles / Engineer. Achilles/Engineer, released on February 15, 2005, through Hex Records, is a split album from Rochester-based hardcore band Achilles and Syracuse-based sludge metal band Engineer. For both bands it is the follow-up to their debut extended plays; Achilles by Achilles and Suffocation of the Artisan by Engineer. The album is split over two discs, where there bands have a disc each.

Achilles' participating songs were originally recorded with the intent for a split album with This Ship Will Sink, set for release during fall 2004. For unknown reasons, the release was cancelled and the songs were used for this split album instead.

Track listing

Personnel
Achilles
 Rory van Grol – vocals, production
 Rob Antonucci – guitar, album artwork, design, production
 Josh Dillon – bass guitar, production
 Chris Browne – drums, production

Studio personnel –  Achilles
 Dave Drago – engineering, mixing, mastering

Engineer
 Bob Gorham – vocals
 Ryan Gorham – guitar, backing vocals
 Brad Gorham – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Mike AuClair – drums

Studio personnel – Engineer
 Jason "Jocko" Randall – production, engineering, mixing, mastering

Additional personnel
 Shawn Carney – photography

Release history

Details
 Recording and mastering studio; Achilles: Hopewell Recording Studio, Canandaigua, New York
 Recording and mastering studio; Engineer: More Sound Studio, Syracuse, New York
 Distributor: Lumberjack Mordam Music Group
 Recording type: studio
 Recording mode: stereo
 SPARS code: n/a

References

External links
 Achilles MySpace
 Achilles Facebook
 Achilles PureVolume
 Achilles Last.fm
 Engineer MySpace
 Engineer PureVolume
 Engineer Last.fm
 Hopewell Recording Studio Website
 More Sound Studio Website
 Hex Records MySpace

2005 albums
Split albums
Engineer (band) albums
Achilles (band) albums
Grus (geology). Grus is an accumulation of angular, coarse-grained fragments (particles of sand and gravel) resulting from the granular disintegration by the processes of chemical and mechanical weathering of crystalline rocks (most notably granitoids) generally in an arid or semiarid region.  Grus sand, when cemented into a sandstone, will form an arkose.

Within a European context most of the saprolite mantles of Late Cenozoic age are made up of grus, contrasting with Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic saprolites made up of kaolinitic and ferrallitic material.

See also

References

Deposition (geology)
Regolith
Weathering
2009 Bosch Engineering 250 at VIR. The 2009 Bosch Engineering 250 at VIR was a sports car race that served as the second round of the 2009 Rolex Sports Car Series season. It took place at Virginia International Raceway on April 25, 2009.

Race results
Class Winners in bold.

References

Bosch Engineering 250
VIR 240
Bosch Engineering 250
Polikarpov NB. The Polikarpov NB (Nochnoi Bombardirovshchik—Night Bomber) was a Soviet twin-engined bomber designed during World War II. Only a single prototype had been built before the program was terminated upon the death of Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, the head of the aircraft's design bureau, in 1944.

Development
The origins of the NB program are obscure, but design work began during the winter of 1941–42 with the OKB designation of aircraft T. The NB was a high-winged, twin-engined, twin tail monoplane of mixed construction. The fuselage was built of 'shpon', molded birch plywood,  thick and was reinforced with a welded steel tube framework and a network of bracing wires in the midsection around the aperture for the wing and the capacious bomb bay. The single-spar wing was built from a mix of steel and duralumin. The center section had a duralumin skin, but the outer panels were skinned in 'shpon'. The duralumin slotted flaps were electrically powered and ran the length of the wing center section, divided by the engine nacelles. Automatic leading edge slats were mounted on the outer panels. All control surfaces were built from wood and covered in fabric. The tailplane had 7° dihedral with twin fins. It had a duralumin structure and was covered in 'shpon'. The main gears of the conventional undercarriage retracted aft into the rear of the engine nacelles and the tail wheel retracted into the rear fuselage. Six protected fuel tanks were in the wing center section, plus four more in the outer wings. They had a total capacity of  (including oil). Two  air-cooled Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engines were slung underneath the wings. Alternative engines considered were the Mikulin AM-39 V-12 and the Shvetsov M-71 radial, but development problems with both engines dropped them from consideration.

The bombardier was given an extensively glazed position in the nose which also had a fixed  Berezin UB machine gun for which the pilot had a reflector sight. The dorsal gunner had a UBT machine gun in a turret while the ventral gunner fired another UB through a hatch. The bomb bay could carry up to  internally and an additional  of bombs could be carried underneath the wings.

The NB made its first flight on 23 May 1944 and completed its manufacturer's flight tests in August. Its performance promised to be outstanding, but Polikarpov's death a month earlier caused his design bureau to be shut down and all his projects were terminated.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Gordon, Yefim. Soviet Airpower in World War 2. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing, 2008. .
 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London: Osprey, 1995. .

External links

 NB (Т)

NB
1940s Soviet bomber aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Water cascade analysis. Water cascade analysis (WCA) is a technique to calculate the minimum flowrate target for feedwater and wastewater for continuous water-using processes.

Principle
It is a tabular and numerical alternative to the water surplus diagram in Water Pinch which can be used to identify opportunities for reduction in feedwater usage and the design of water distribution networks. The WCA is done in three steps, a global analysis of water distribution and consumption in the network, establishing baseline minimum water targets and redesign of the water network to achieve these targets.

History
WCA was first introduced by Manan, Tan and Foo in 2004. Since then, it has been widely used as a tool for water conservation in industrial process plants. A Time dependent water cascade analysis was presented later on. A variation of the WCA is the gas cascade analysis (GCA).

References

See also
Reclaimed water

Mechanical engineering
Chemical process engineering
Building engineering
Water resources management
Analysis
Team Mini-Max Hi-MAX. The Team Mini-Max Hi-MAX is a single-seat, high wing, strut-braced, single engine aircraft available in kit form for amateur construction. It first flew in 1987 and is a high wing development of the Mini-MAX, hence its model name.

The Hi-MAX was originally produced by TEAM Incorporated of Bradyville, Tennessee. After that company was bankrupted by a lawsuit production passed to Ison Aircraft also of Bradyville, Tennessee and next to JDT Mini-MAX of Nappanee, Indiana. The company was renamed Team Mini-Max in 2012 and moved to Niles, Michigan.

Development
The Hi-MAX was developed from the mid-winged Mini-MAX family of single seat kit aircraft and it shares many similar features with the earlier design.

The Hi-MAX is predominantly constructed from wood truss with plywood gussets and covered with doped aircraft fabric. The windshield is Lexan and the side windows are removable for warm weather operations. The aircraft features a short-span wing of only  and a fiberglass engine cowling. The wing and horizontal stabilizer are both strut-braced, the tail with struts above the horizontal tail surface to the fin.

The aircraft has conventional landing gear, with wheel pants as an option. The company claims that a builder can complete the aircraft in 350–400 hours from the kit.

The aircraft was originally intended to meet the requirements of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, including that category's maximum  empty weight. It was only able to achieve that low empty weight with the  Rotax 277, which provided marginal performance. The standard specified engine today is the  Rotax 447 which results in a  empty weight and places the aircraft in the US Experimental - Amateur-built category.

Variants

1400Z
Single seat aircraft with the  Zenoah G-50 engine. Optional engine was the  Rotax 277.  First flight 1991, no longer in production.
1700R
Single seat aircraft with the  Rotax 447 engine. First flight 1987, remains in production, with 250 completed and flown by 2011.

Specifications (1700Z)

See also

References

External links

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1987
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Multi-party authorization. Multi-party authorization (MPA) is a process to protect a telecommunications network, data center or industrial control system from undesirable acts by a malicious insider or inexperienced technician acting alone. MPA requires that a second authorized user approve an action before it is allowed to take place. This pro-actively protects data or systems from an undesirable act.

Architecture

Existing methods to protect data and systems from the malicious insider include auditing, job rotation and separation of duties. Auditing is a reactive method meant to discover who did what after the fact. Job rotation and separation of duties are limiting techniques meant to minimize prolonged access to sensitive data or systems in order to limit undesirable acts. In contrast, MPA is a pro-active solution.

An advantage MPA has over other methods to protect from undesirable acts by a malicious insider or inexperienced operator is that MPA is pro-active and prevents data or systems from compromise by a single entity acting alone. MPA prevents the initial undesirable act rather than dealing with a breach or compromise after the fact.

Application

Multi-party authorization technology can secure the most vulnerable and sensitive activities and data sources from attack by a compromised insider acting alone. It is somewhat analogous to weapons systems that require two individuals to turn two different keys in order to enable the system. One person cannot do it alone. Another example is to consider access to a lock box in a bank. That access requires multiple parties, one the lock box owner and another a bank official. Both individuals act together to access the lock box, while neither could do so alone. MPA, in like manner, ensures that a second set of eyes reviews and approves of activity involving critical or sensitive data or systems before the action takes place.

Multi-party authorization is suitable for a wide variety of applications. MPA can be implemented to protect any type of sensitive data in electronic form or any activity within a network infrastructure or computerized control system. An electronic health record is an example of a data record that could be protected by MPA. Multi-party authorization provides pro-active protection from undesirable acts by the inexperienced technician or malicious insider.

References

US Patent 7,519,826, issued: April 14, 2009 for   "Near Real Time Multi-Party Task Authorization Access Control"

Further reading

IT BusinessEdge, Nov 25, 2009 "Protecting From the Malicious Insider: Multi Party Authorization"

Data security
Flight 611. Flight 611 may refer to:

United Air Lines Flight 611, first incident involving the Boeing 737, failure during takeoff, 1970
Southwest Air Lines Flight 611, landing accident, 1982 – pilot error, runway overrun 
China Airlines Flight 611, crashed 2002, with 225 deaths – poor repairs
DHL Flight 611, in the 2002 Überlingen mid-air collision, 2002 – ATC shortcomings 
Air India Express Flight 611, tail strike and antenna collision on takeoff, 2018 – captain seat failure

0611
Korea University College of Science. The College of Science (abbreviated to KUCS) is a division of Korea University in Seoul, South Korea. It was established in December 1952 as the Division of Science within the College of Liberal Arts. The college offers various bachelor, master, and doctorate programs through affiliation with the Graduate School. Its major academic buildings are located on the university's Hana Square, which it shares with the College of Engineering, the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and other colleges. It is widely regarded as one of the finest colleges of science in the country.

History
The College of Science at Korea University, which was founded in 1905, rose in December 1952 from the College of Arts and Sciences, which included the Departments of Math/Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Since then it has gone through several expansions to reach its current formation of four majors departments in the physical sciences, while the Biology Department has been separated to form its own college. Currently, the college teaches 800 undergraduates, with 63 full-time faculty members.

Facilities
There are nine research institutes within the college. The Korea Basic Science Institute in Seoul was also built on the campus in 1993. In 1996, Chung Ju-yung, former Honorary Chairman of the Hyundai Group, generously donated a building for the College of Science. The Asan Science Building has six floors and a basement with an area of about 20,000 square meters. This building accommodates all four Departments in the College, as well as research laboratories, networked computer systems, multimedia lecture rooms, and other supporting facilities.

Academics

Departments
The College of Science houses the Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth and Environmental Sciences departments. It offers Bachelor of Science degrees. However, students may enroll in the dual-degree program, which allows them to pursue programs of study in two colleges and receive two different degrees.

Interdisciplinary programs
 Telecommunication Mathematics
 Cryptology
 Science and Technology Studies
 Biophysics and Medical Physics

Notable alumni and faculty
 Chey Tae-Won (B.S., Physics, 1983) - Chairman of SK Group
 Kim Young-Kee (B.S., Physics, 1984) - Professor at the University of Chicago and winner of the Ho-Am Prize in Science in 2005
 Jin Jung-Il - Samsung Professor of Chemistry at KUCS and current President of IUPAC
 Ahn Sung-Ho (B.S., Earth Science) - CEO of Acebed
 Chey Jae-Won (B.S., Physics) - former CEO of SK E&S
 Lee Gwang-Sun (B.S., Physics) - CEO of Hyundai Motor Company
 Kim Keon (B.S., Chemistry, 1974) - Professor of Chemistry at KUCS and current President of the Princeton Club of Korea

References

External links
 College of Science official site
 Department of Mathematics
 Department of Physics
 Department of Chemistry
 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
 Program in Science and Technology Studies

Korea University schools
Iaan Exodium. Iaan Exordium, also known as Iaan Taewha River Exordium, consists of two twin 54-floors,  residential skyscrapers  currently topped-out in Ulsan, South Korea and finishing construction in 2010. They have become the two tallest buildings in South Korea's seventh largest metropolis, Ulsan, becoming the city's new landmark icon.

References

External links
 Official website 

Buildings and structures in Ulsan
Residential buildings completed in 2010
Explosia a.s.. Explosia a.s. is an explosives manufacturer in Semtín, a suburb of Pardubice in the Czech Republic. The company was established in 1920. Its most famous product is the Semtex plastic explosive, the name is formed as a combination of the first letters of the Semtín village and the company name.

References

External links

Manufacturing companies established in 1920
Manufacturing companies of the Czech Republic
Explosives manufacturers
Manufacturing companies of Czechoslovakia
Czech brands
1920 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Diamond Calk Horseshoe Company. The Diamond Calk Horseshoe Company of Duluth, Minnesota, USA was founded in 1908 by blacksmith Otto Swanstrom.

Initially manufacturing horseshoes with a special type of calk to improve the animals' foothold on slippery surfaces, the company successfully adapted to the development of motorised transport for the masses and produced a range of adjustable wrenches and pliers from the 1920s. The family-owned company was sold to the Triangle Corporation in 1981; Triangle itself was eventually sold to Cooper Tools.

In 1994, the last workers vacated. The building was demolished in 1996.

Gallery

References 

1908 establishments in Minnesota
Demolished buildings and structures in Minnesota
Buildings and structures demolished in 1996
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Minnesota