omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
The Age of Em. The Age of Em: Work, Love and Life when Robots Rule the Earth is a 2016 nonfiction book by Robin Hanson.

Summary
The book explores the implications of a future world in which researchers have not created artificial general intelligence but have learned to copy humans onto computers, creating "ems," or emulated people, who quickly come to outnumber the real ones.

The book's main scenario proposes that in about a hundred years from now, human brains will be scanned at "fine enough spatial and chemical resolution," and combined with rough models of signal-processing functions of brain cells, "to create a cell-by-cell dynamically executable model of the full brain in artificial hardware, a model whose signal input-output behavior is usefully close to that of the original brain."

Reception
Seth Baum reviewed the book in Futures. He commended the book for bringing a social science perspective, for the detail it gives, and for providing a starting point for further study. He also criticized some of the book's arguments and stated that different authors would reach different conclusions about the same topic.

See also
 Mind uploading in fiction
 Mind uploading

References

External links
http://ageofem.com/

2016 non-fiction books
Futurology books
Transhumanist books
Oxford University Press books
Interleaving (data). In computing, interleaving of data refers to the interspersing of fields or channels of different meaning sequentially in memory, in processor registers, or in file formats. For example, for coordinate data, 
x0 y0 z0 w0 x1 y1 z1 w1 x2 y2 z2 w2 
x0 x1 x2 x3 y0 y1 y2 y3 z0 z1 z2 z3 w0 w1 w2 w3
the former is interleaved while the latter is not.

A processor may support permute instructions, or strided load and store instructions, for moving between interleaved and non-interleaved representations.

Interleaving has performance implications for cache coherency, ease of leveraging SIMD hardware, and leveraging a computer's addressing modes. (e.g. - interleaved data may require one address to be calculated, from which individual fields may then be accessed via immediate offsets; conversely if only one field is required by index, de-interleaved data may leverage scaled index addressing).

See also 
 AOS vs SOA
 Data-oriented design
 Locality of reference
 Parallel arrays
 Planar image format
 Packed pixel format

References

Computer memory
Computer data storage
Energy Conversion and Management. Energy Conversion and Management is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management, and sustainability that was established in 1979. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Moh'd Ahmad Al-Nimr (Jordan University of Science and Technology).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 11.533.

References

External links

Elsevier academic journals
Academic journals established in 1979
English-language journals
Energy and fuel journals
Biweekly journals
Hill & Smith. Hill & Smith PLC is a business involved in the design, manufacture and supply of products for the construction and infrastructure industries. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

History
The company was founded by Edward Hill as Hill's Ironworks at Brierley Hill in 1824; Henry Smith joined the business, which became a partnership. Historic projects included fencing for Queen Victoria in 1860, ornamental gates the King Chulalongkorn of Siam in around 1900, materials for the Naval Base Simon's Town in 1910 and components for the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in March 1969.

In 2005 the company bought Techspan Systems for £0.9 million, in 2012 it bought Expamet for £0.5 million and in November 2015, it bought Hull Galvanising for £15.5 million.

In 2019 the company acquired hostile vehicle mitigation (HVM) specialists ATG Access for £22.5 million.

In October 2022, it was announced Hill & Smith had acquired the US-based solar lighting company, National Signal Inc., for $25.3 million and the UK-based Widnes Galvanising Limited for £3.7 million. It changed its name from Hill & Smith Holdings plc to Hill & Smith plc on 3 November 2022.

References

External links
Official site

British companies established in 1824
Companies based in the West Midlands (county)
Manufacturing companies established in 1824
1824 establishments in England
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Engineering Arm. The Engineering Arm, or l'arme du génie, is the Military engineering arm of the French Army.

The Engineering Arm's soldiers are known as sappers (sapeurs). Its soldiers in the Paris Fire Brigade are more specifically sapiers-pompiers, and those of the Civil Security Instruction and Intervention Units are more specifically sapeurs-sauveteurs. The Arm's colours are red and black, and its patron saint is Saint Barbara. The Arm's motto is "Parfois détruire, souvent construire, toujours servir!", meaning "Sometimes to destroy, often to build, always to serve!"

The Engineering Arm is divided into three main services: 
The Land Component of the Defence Infrastructure Service, Composante Terre du Service d'infrastructure de la Défense (also known by its former title of the Engineering Service, le Service du Génie) fulfils conventional engineering roles for the French military and ministry of Defence. This includes the Technical Service for Buildings, Fortifications and Works, Service technique des bâtiments, fortifications et travaux
Combat Engineering Regiments maintained throughout the French Army, namely
The 1st Foreign Engineer Regiment, 1er régiment étranger de génie, based in Laudun-l'Ardoise .
The 2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment, 2e régiment étranger de génie, based in Saint-Christol 
The 3rd Engineer Regiment, 3e régiment du génie, based in Charleville-Mézières, founded in 1814.
The 6th Engineer Regiment, 6e régiment du génie, based in Angers
The 13th Engineer Regiment, 13e régiment du génie, based in Valdahon
The 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment, 17e régiment du génie parachutiste, an elite unit based in Montauban
The 19th Engineer Regiment, 19e régiment du génie, based in Besançon, which is descended from the Engineering Arm's units in French Algeria and is currently responsible for railway-related combat engineering.
The 31st Engineer Regiment, 31e régiment du génie, based in Castelsarrasin, which is descended from the Engineering Arm's units in the French protectorate in Morocco
Fire and rescue services, provided by the “engineering security”, which comprises :
the Paris Fire Brigade (BSPP), comprising 8,600 military personnel
the Brigade Militaire de la Sécurité Civile (BMSC), with three regiments and a Unité d'Instruction et d'Intervention de la Sécurité Civile (RIISC/UIISC). These units have no territorial responsibilities, and can be deployed on rescue missions in France or abroad at very short notice. The 1st, 4th and 7th RIISC are battalion-level rapid reaction regiments, while UIISC 5 is a company-level training unit.

In addition, the 25th Air Engineer Regiment (25e régiment du génie de l'air) is shared between the army and air force. The regiment is specialised in building and maintaining air bases. The regiment is formally a part of the Engineering Arm, although it is operationally commanded by the air force.

References

Arms of the French Army
Military engineer corps
Military fire departments
Data-oriented design. In computing, data-oriented design is a program optimization approach motivated by efficient usage of the CPU cache, often used in video game development. The approach is to focus on the data layout, separating and sorting fields according to when they are needed, and to think about transformations of data. Proponents include Mike Acton, Scott Meyers, and Jonathan Blow.

The parallel array (or structure of arrays) is the main example of data-oriented design. It is contrasted with the array of structures typical of object-oriented designs.

The definition of data-oriented design as a programming paradigm can be seen as contentious as many believe that it can be used side by side with another paradigm, but due to the emphasis on data layout, it is also incompatible with most other paradigms.

Motives 
These methods became especially popular in the mid to late 2000s during the seventh generation of video game consoles that included the IBM PowerPC based PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox 360 consoles. Historically, game consoles often have relatively weak central processing units (CPUs) compared to the top-of-line desktop computer counterparts. This is a design choice to devote more power and transistor budget to the graphics processing units (GPUs). For example, the 7th generation CPUs were not manufactured with modern out-of-order execution processors, but instead use in-order processors with high clock speeds and deep pipelines. In addition, most types of computing systems have main memory located hundreds of clock cycles away from the processing elements. Furthermore, as CPUs have become faster alongside a large increase in main memory capacity, there is massive data consumption that increases the likelihood of  cache misses in the shared bus, otherwise known as Von Neumann bottlenecking. Consequently, locality of reference methods have been used to control performance, requiring improvement of memory access patterns to fix bottlenecking. Some of the software issues were also similar to those encountered on the Itanium, requiring loop unrolling for upfront scheduling.

Contrast with object orientation 

The claim is that traditional object-oriented programming (OOP) design principles result in poor data locality, more so if runtime polymorphism (dynamic dispatch) is used (which is especially problematic on some processors). Although OOP appears to "organise code around data", it actually organises source code around data types rather than physically grouping individual fields and arrays in an efficient format for access by specific functions. Moreover, it often hides layout details under abstraction layers, while a data-oriented programmer wants to consider this first and foremost.

See also 
 CPU cache
 Data-driven programming
 Entity component system
 Memory access pattern
 Video game development

References

Software optimization
Video game development
Programming paradigms
Chen Liang-gee. Chen Liang-gee (; born 23 September 1956) is a Taiwanese engineer and politician who served as Minister of Science and Technology from 8 February 2017 to 20 May 2020.

Early life and education
Chen was born in September 1956. He comes from a rural, peanut-farming family.  Chen obtained his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree in electrical engineering from National Cheng Kung University in 1979, 1981 and 1986 respectively.

Academic career
Chen is a professor of electrical engineering at National Taiwan University. He does research on video coding, circuits, chips, algorithms, and signal processing. From 2009 to 2012, he was deputy dean of college of EECS. From 2013 to 2016, he was the EVP of academic and research at National Taiwan University. Chen is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers from 2001.

Political career
Chen was appointed deputy minister of education on 20 April 2016 by Premier-designate Lin Chuan. In February 2017, Chen was named Minister of Science and Technology. As technology minister, Chen supported the Tsai Ing-wen administration's Forward-looking Infrastructure Construction Project, and sought to expand the use of educational technology and artificial intelligence in Taiwan. Chen remained technology minister under Lin and his successors William Lai and Su Tseng-chang. Chen resigned his post on 14 May 2020.

References

External links

 

1956 births
Living people
Ministers of science and technology of Taiwan
National Cheng Kung University alumni
Politicians of the Republic of China on Taiwan from Yunlin County
Kameshwar Poolla. Kameshwar Poolla is the Cadence Design Systems Distinguished Professor, in Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, and Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of California, Berkeley. He received his B.Tech. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in 1980 and his Ph.D. from the Center for Mathematical System Theory, University of Florida, Gainesville in 1984.

Career
From 1984 to 1991, he was a member of the faculty at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He moved the University of California, Berkeley in 1991, and is currently Professor in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences.

Poolla's current research interests include many aspects of future energy systems including economics, security, and commercialization.

Patents 
Poolla has been awarded 6 patents:
 Data collection and correction methods and apparatus
 Methods of and apparatuses for controlling process profiles
 Sensor geometry correction methods and apparatus
 Methods and apparatus for deriving thermal flux data for processing a workpiece
 Methods and apparatus for equipment matching and characterization
 Methods and apparatus for low distortion parameter measurements

Awards 
Poolla was awarded the 1984 Outstanding Dissertation Award by the University of Florida; the 1988 NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award; the 1993 Hugo Schuck Best Paper Prize; the 1994 Donald P. Eckman Award; a 1997 JSPS Fellowship; the 1997 Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of California, Berkeley; and the 2004 and 2007 IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing Best Paper Prizes; and the 2009 IEEE CSS Transition to Practice Award.

References 

Living people
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of Florida alumni
IIT Bombay alumni
Indian computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Green Homes Project. The Green Homes project is a sustainable housing project introduced by UN-Habitat, Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FNCCI), CEN, ENPHO, IHS and SLTDC with support of European Union to promote sustainable housing in Nepal. The project proposes to use green building techniques such as green construction materials, passive solar design, energy efficiency, rooftop farming, and effective waste and water management. Project sites include Lalitpur, Pokhara and Dharan.

References

External links
 – Official website
 – Official website

Housing in Nepal
Sustainable urban planning
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
HAL HTFE-25. The HAL HTFE-25 ("Hindustan Turbo Fan Engine") is a 25 kN turbofan engine under development by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). The engine can be used in single engine trainer jets, business jets and UAVs weighing up to 5 tonnes and in twin engine configuration for same weighing up to 9 tonnes. Based on the technical feasibility, the market potential for engine is of 200-250 units.

Two engines have been produced and completed 339 runs as of 2019 out of which 96 runs were conducted in 2018-19. Engine has successfully completed cold starting test at 14 °C with spark igniters and has also achieved 100 per cent max speed with and without IGV modulation. 

The company has also initiated the development for integrating afterburner technology on engine. In March 2019, first test with "basic afterburner" configuration was conducted on the engine. Cold weather trials and Hot weather high altitude trials were completed at Leh. Full engine (technology demonstrator) has been built and first run completed successfully. Completion of acceleration trials up to 55% of the speed achieved.

Specifications

See also

References 

Gas turbines
Hydrofunctionalization. A hydrofunctionalization reaction is the addition of hydrogen and another univalent fragment (X) across a carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom multiple bond.  Often, the term hydrofunctionalization without modifier refers specifically to the use of the covalent hydride (H-X) as the source of hydrogen and X for this transformation.  If other reagents are used to achieve the net addition of hydrogen and X across a multiple bond, the process may be referred to as a formal hydrofunctionalization.

For terminal olefins (or acetylenes), the regioselectivity of the process can be described as Markovnikov (addition of X at the substituted end) or anti-Markovnikov (addition of X at the unsubstituted end).  Catalysts are frequently employed to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of hydrofunctionalization reactions.

Examples 
Some of the better known classes of hydrofunctionalization reactions include the following:

Hydroboration
Hydrosilylation
Hydrometalation (including both transition or main group metal hydrides)
Hydroamination
(Olefin) hydration (addition of H2O across a double bond)
Hydroalkoxylation (also known as hydroetherification)
Hydrohalogenation
Hydrovinylation (including hydroarylation and olefin dimerization and others)
Hydroacylation
Hydroformylation (refers specifically to the addition of CHO and H using H2 and CO as reagents, also known as the oxo process)

References 

Addition reactions
Journey to Space. Journey to Space (also known as Journey to Space 3D) is a 2015 American 3D documentary Adventure film directed by Mark Krenzien. It was presented in collaboration with Boeing and Toyota. It depicts an unveiling of a new era of unprecedented deep space exploration in dramatic giant screen film format. The documentary is narrated (voice) by Patrick Stewart.

Footage

The documentary film features some reused and remastered in-space footage from previous IMAX films Destiny in Space, The Dream is Alive, Space Station 3D and Mission to Mir. In addition, unused archival IMAX high definition shots were used, including the astrovan approaching Space Shuttle Endeavour for STS-69 in September 1995, the launch of Challenger and Columbia on STS-8 and STS-40 in August 1984 and June 1991 respectively, landing of STS-51A, and high speed footage of the launch of STS-135 in July 2011. Remastered spectator footage of Endeavour's transport through the streets of Los Angeles is seen in 2012.

Other scenes featured computer renderings of a future SLS mission to an Ion-powered interplanetary space station and a Mars lander with an inflatable heatshield.

Cast
 Christian Gardner as Tourist
 Gabrielle Gardner as Featured Tourist
 Patrick Stewart as Narrator (voice)

Synopsis

Theatrical release
Journey to Space was released in cinemas on February 13, 2015 in USA.

External links
 
 
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40QHkUNC9hs Movie Trailer

2015 films
3D documentary films
IMAX documentary films
IMAX films
Engineers' and Managers' Association. The Engineers' and Managers' Association (EMA) was a trade union representing managers in the United Kingdom, principally those in the engineering industry.

The union was founded in 1913 as the Association of Electrical Station Engineers, and before the end of the year changed its name to the Association of Electrical Engineers.  In 1917, it became the Electrical Power Engineers' Association (EPEA), and it came to greater prominence the following year, after the Electrical Trades Union was prohibited from negotiating for managers in the electricity industry.

The union joined the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in 1942, but was expelled in 1972 for registering under the Industrial Relations Act, against TUC policy, but it rejoined in 1973.

In 1976, the union decided to recruit managers and engineers from other industries, and the following year, the Association of Supervisory and Executive Engineers joined, the EPEA soon after adopting its final name.  In 1979, the British Aerospace Staffs Association and the Professional Staffs Association also joined.  This expansion was opposed by the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs, and by the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section.  The EPEA remained a largely autonomous section of the merged union until 1993.

For many years, the union refused to join the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, something which prompted criticism from other unions in the field.  In 2001, it merged with the Institution of Professionals, Managers and Specialists to form Prospect.

General Secretaries
1920: W. Arthur Jones
1946: J. F. Wallace
1952: Harry Norton
1973: John Lyons
1991: Tony Cooper

References

1913 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organizations disestablished in 2001
Trade unions established in 1913
Trade unions disestablished in 2001
Trade unions based in Surrey
Leduc RL.12. The Leduc RL-12 was a French low power, economical, parasol wing, single seat aircraft. First flown in July 1939, its development was halted by World War II.

Design

René Leduc, who shared his name with the producer of post-war French ramjet aircraft, was an amateur aircraft builder and, in the 1930s, was chief test pilot at the Nantes aero-club. His earliest design, a glider designated RL.1, flew in 1928.  Design work on the RL.12 began in 1934, construction started the following year and the first flight was made on 2 July 1939.

The RL.12 was a parasol wing monoplane; its wing was unswept, without dihedral and with constant chord out to blunt tips. It was built in three  parts, a small, almost square centre-section and two long outer panels. Structurally, it had two spruce and plywood box spars on each side with ply skin around the leading edge from the forward spar forming a torsion-resistant D-box and was fabric covered behind.  The centre section was attached to the fuselage with three cabane struts on each side, a parallel pair from the upper fuselage longeron and a backward-leaning one from the rear of the engine.  These were dural tubes encased in balsa streamlining, with a fabric outer layer. Each outer panel had a streamlined V-strut from the lower fuselage longeron to the spars a little beyond mid-span. Ailerons occupied half the span.  A panel in the centre-section aft of the rear spar allowed the wings to be folded for transportation.

Its flat-sided, round-decked fuselage was built around four spruce longerons. The front half, which included the engine and open cockpit, was dural skinned and the rear fabric covered. A , flat-four Ava 4A-00 engine was mounted in the nose with its cylinder heads exposed for cooling. The pilot sat under mid-wing with a raised rear fuselage fairing providing a headrest. At the rear a constant chord, round tipped, cantilever  tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage carried similarly shaped elevators.  The fin was almost triangular and carried a straight-edged rudder which extended to the keel, working in a nick between the elevators.

The RL.12 had fixed, tailskid landing gear with a track of .  Each faired mainwheel was on a V-strut bent to the horizontal near its apex and hinged on the lower fuselage; another strut, with a bungee cord shock-absorber mounted near the wheel, was attached to the upper fuselage. These struts were a mixture of dural and steel tubes, streamlined in the same way as the cabane struts.

Development

The first flight of the RL.12 was on 2 July 1939, when it was flown by its designer for about fifteen minutes. As it handled and landed well, Leduc decided to demonstrate it to his fellow members of the Nantes club. In front of around two hundred people, he took off in  and completed a "very remarkable" display with a landing roll of only  into a  wind.

These two flights showed that some engine tuning was needed to reach full rpm. That done, trials continued at least into late August; soon after, France was at war.

Specifications

References

1930s French sport aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939