omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
French destroyer Aventurier. The French destroyer Aventurier was the name ship of her class of four destroyers that was built for the Argentine Navy in the early 1910s. The ships were taken over by the French Navy after the start of the First World War in August 1914. She was scrapped in 1940.

Design and description 
The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. Their crew numbered 140 men.

The ships were powered by a pair of Rateau steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by five mixed-firing Foster-Wheeler boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . The ships carried  of coal and  of fuel oil that gave them a range of  at a cruising speed of .

The primary armament of the Aventurier-class ships consisted of four  guns in single mounts, one on the forecastle, one between the funnels, and two on the quarterdeck, in front and behind the searchlight platform. They were fitted with a  AA gun for anti-aircraft defence. The ships were also equipped with four single mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

Construction and career
Aventurier was ordered from Dyle et Bacalan and was launched on 18 February 1911 with the name of Mendoza at its Bordeaux shipyard. The ship was completed on 29 September 1914. She was stricken in 1938 and broken up for scrap in 1940.

Citations

References

1911 ships
Aventurier-class destroyers
Ships built by Dyle et Bacalan
French destroyer Téméraire. The French destroyer Téméraire was one of four s that was built for the Argentine Navy in the early 1910s. The ships were taken over by the French Navy after the start of the First World War in August 1914. She was stricken in 1936 and subsequently scrapped.

Design and description 
The Aventurier-class ships were significantly larger and more heavily armed than other French destroyers of the period. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. Their crew numbered 140 men.

The ships were powered by a pair of Rateau steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by five mixed-firing Foster-Wheeler boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . The ships carried  of coal and  of fuel oil that gave them a range of  at a cruising speed of .

The primary armament of the Aventurier-class ships consisted of four  guns in single mounts, one on the forecastle, one between the funnels, and two on the quarterdeck, in front and behind the searchlight platform. They were fitted with a  AA gun for anti-aircraft defence. The ships were also equipped with four single mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

Construction and career
Téméraire was ordered from Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne and was launched on 8 December 1911 with the name of San Juan at its Nantes shipyard. The ship was completed on 2 November 1914. 

On 27 May 1915, Téméraire and her sister ship  escorted the armored cruiser  as she transported Vice-Admiral () Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army (), to Taranto, Italy, for a meeting with Admiral Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (), Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Italian Navy (). According to a British report of 5 June, Téméraire was tasked to patrol the area around Palermo, Sicily.

She was stricken in 1936 and broken up for scrap.

Citations

References

1911 ships
Aventurier-class destroyers
Ships built in France
French destroyer Enseigne Roux. The French destroyer Enseigne Roux was the name ship of her class of three destroyers built for the French Navy during the First World War.

Design and description
The Enseigne Roux class were an enlarged version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced  at normal load. Their crew numbered 76–81 men.

The ships were powered by a pair of Parsons steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce  which was intended to give the ships a speed of . During her sea trials, Enseigne Roux reached a speed of . The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at cruising speeds of .

The primary armament of the Enseigne Roux-class ships consisted of two  Modèle 1893 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and four  Modèle 1902 guns distributed amidships. They were also fitted with two twin mounts for  torpedo tubes amidships.

Construction and career

Enseigne Roux was ordered from the Arsenal de Rochefort and was laid down on 13 December 1913. The ship was launched on 13 July 1915 and completed the following year. She spent the war assigned to the Dunkirk Flotilla, defending the English Channel.

Citations

References

 
 

1915 ships
Enseigne Roux-class destroyers
Ships built in France
Color clock. The color clock, or color timer, is a part of the video circuitry of computer graphics hardware that works with analog color television systems. The clock is timed to match the timing of the color standard it works with, typically NTSC or PAL, ensuring that the data being read from the computer memory to create the image on-screen is in sync with the display. Depending on the speed of the color clock, the product of the resolution and number of colors is defined. Slow color clocks of many early games consoles and home computers resulted in limited color palettes at the highest resolutions.

References

Computer graphics
Television technology
French destroyer Épée (1900). Épée was one of four s built for the French Navy around the beginning of the 20th century. During the First World War, the ship saw service in the Mediterranean Sea and survived the war to be stricken from the naval register on 1 October 1920.

Design and description
The Framées had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They displaced  at deep load. The two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft, produced a total of , using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The ships had a designed speed of  and Épée reached a speed of  during her sea trials on 1 July 1901. The ships carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their complement consisted of four officers and forty-four enlisted men.

The Framée-class ships were armed with a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single  torpedo tubes, one between the funnels and the other on the stern. Two reload torpedoes were also carried.

Construction and career
Épée  was ordered from Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée on 27 October 1897 and was laid down on 126 May 1898 at its shipyard in Granville-Le Havre. The ship was launched on 27 July 1900 and conducted her sea trials in May–July. She was commissioned for her trials on 2 January and was later assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron.

When the First World War began in August 1914, Épée was one of the leaders () in the 3rd Submarine Flotilla () of the 2nd Light Squadron (), based at Cherbourg, although the ship was not ready for service.

References

Bibliography

 

Framée-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1900 ships
Umesh Mishra. Umesh K. Mishra is a professor in the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1990–present). In 2023, he was appointed dean of the UC Santa Barbara College of Engineering.  He is the CTO, co-founder and board member of Transphorm, founded in 2007 and the first company to deliver gallium nitride (GaN) transistor products for high efficiency power conversion technologies.  Prior to Transphorm, he co-founded Nitres Inc. in 1996, which was the first company to develop GaN LEDs and transistors.

Career

Mishra earned a B.Tech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 1979.  He went on earn his M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Lehigh University in 1981 and Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1984 and served as a principal staff engineer at General Electric.  Mishra was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2009 for his contributions to the development of gallium nitride electronics and other high-speed, high-power semiconductor electronic devices.  Mishra’s company Transphorm was selected by the World Economic Forum as a 2013 Technology Pioneer for its innovations in GaN technology, the solutions from which can cut total world electrical energy waste by up to 10 percent.

Mishra has over 1,000 publications and is a fellow of IEEE, member of the National Academy of Engineering, and a recipient of both the IEEE David Sarnoff Award and the ISCS Quantum Device Award.  Mishra ranks among the top 1% on the most highly cited researchers in the world and has an h-index of 100. He was elected to the National Academy of Inventors in 2015.

Awards and honors
Donald W. Whittier Chair in Electrical Engineering, UCSB 2013
Heinrich Welker Award for "The Development of GaN High Power Electronics from Conception, Education to Commercialization," International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors, 2012
Quantum Device Award, ISCS 2007
IEEE David Sarnoff Award, 2007
Distinguished Alumnus Award, IIT Kanpur, 2006
Young Scientist of the Year Award, International GaAs Symposium 1992
NSF, Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1989

References

External links

Cornell University alumni
1957 births
Living people
Environmental subsystem. Environmental subsystems are central components of operating systems of the Windows NT type.  They allow the operating system to run software developed for the platform in question.  For example, Windows NT 4.0 has four environmental subsystems, for example Win32, DOS or Win16, OS/2, and POSIX, the latter of which is a Unix standard.  The latter resides primarily in the Dynamic Link Library posix.dll.  

The environmental subsystems are one part of the strategy Microsoft developed for making the Windows NT stream of operating systems a hub for multi-platform computing   Others include four Hardware Abstraction layers, one for Intel processors, three for RISC processors (DEC Alpha, PowerPC, Mips), and a driver for the HPFS, the standard for OS/2. Since Windows 2000, the FAT32 file system first introduced with Windows 95 has also been present, with HPFS deprecated then being omitted in later systems.  A third-party driver for FAT32 can be used on the earlier NT operating systems.  Therefore, Windows NT as of version 4.0  had a default of four file systems (NTFS, HPFS, FAT12, and FAT16), and installations of the system with a driver allowing access to a fifth FAT32) are very common, and tools allowing access to Unix file systems are also in existence.  Interoperability with Novell Netware is generally implemented at the applications and systems programming level rather than at the kernel and data link layer and therefore further from the physical hardware.

References

Windows NT architecture
French destroyer Carabine. Carabine was a   built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron ().

Design and description
The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They normally displaced  and  at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of  for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Carabine reaching a speed of . They carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for  torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career
Carabine (Carbine) was ordered from Arsenal de Rochefort on 4 May 1900 and the ship was laid down on 15 July 1901. She was launched on 21 July 1902 and conducted her sea trials during May–September 1903. The ship was commissioned () after their completion and was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron.

On 22 October 1907, Enseigne de vaisseau Charles-Benjamin Ullmo, second in command of Carabine, was arrested near Toulon, after a failed attempt to blackmail the French government, demanding 150,000 Francs for secret documents in his possession, which he would otherwise sell to a foreign power. On investigation, it was found that Ullmo had already attempted to sell the documents to a German agent, but the offer had been rejected because he had demanded too much money (950,000 Francs). Ullmo was tried and convicted of High Treason and sentenced to deportation for life to the penal colony of Devil's Island.

She reduced to reserve while under repair in 1913–1915 at Bizerte, French Tunisia.

On 1 October 1918, Carabine was in collision with the British merchant ship Mentor, and her foredeck and bridge were badly damaged. Carabine was towed to Palermo, Sicily for temporary repair, before being sent to Bizerte, Tunisia. Carabine was condemned on 8 January 1919.

References

Bibliography

 
 

 

Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1902 ships
250 City Road. 250 City Road is a residential-led scheme under construction in the borough of Islington, London, designed by Foster + Partners and developed by Berkeley. It was given planning permission in 2014 by the then London Mayor Boris Johnson after being rejected by Islington Council.

Phase one started in 2015. Upon completion, the development will have two towers of 43 and 36 storeys, 930 apartments and a 190-room hotel.

Background 
In 2011, developer Berkeley acquired the 1.9 hectare 250 City Road site, which had been a business park since the 1980s. The site came with planning permission, granted in 2010, for a new development designed by BUJ Architects. The proposal included a 27-storey tower, 700 homes, offices as well as retail and restaurant space. However, Berkeley started work on new plans in collaboration with architect firm DSDHA.

In 2012, architects Foster + Partners took over the design for the new scheme. In 2013, Berkeley applied for planning permission for the development but it was rejected by Islington Council. In December 2013, London Mayor at the time, Boris Johnson, reviewed the decision and gave the development approval in April 2014.

The proposals include two towers of 150 m (509 ft) and 137 m (449 ft) containing 42 and 36 floors, with the taller building named Carrara Tower, and the smaller named Valencia Tower. In total, the development will have 930 apartments as well as a 190-room hotel, office and retail space.

Construction 
Phase one of the development, which includes the construction of the tallest tower, began in March 2015 and was expected to be completed in December 2017.

See also 
List of tallest buildings and structures in London
List of tallest buildings in the United Kingdom

Notes and references 

Skyscrapers in the London Borough of Islington
Proposed skyscrapers in London
French destroyer Arquebuse. Arquebuse was the name ship of her class of 20  built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was assigned to the Northern Squadron ().

Design and description
The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They  normally displaced  and  at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of  for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Arquebuse reaching a speed of . They carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for  torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career
Arquebuse (Arquebus) was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand on 1 August 1900 and the ship was laid down later that year at its shipyard in Le Havre. She was launched on 15 November 1902 and conducted her sea trials during January–May 1903. The ship was commissioned () after their completion and was assigned to the Northern Squadron.

When the First World War began in August 1914, Arquebus was assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla () of the 2nd Light Squadron () based at Cherbourg.

She was one of five destroyers that escorted the predreadnought battleship  from Bizerte, French Tunisia, to Toulon in September 1917.

References

Bibliography

 

Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1902 ships
Civilian Conservation Corps South Dakota. Civilian Conservation Corps South Dakota was created to solve unemployment and deteriorating national resources. In South Dakota the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided work for 23,709 enrollees and veterans, 4,554 Indians, and 2834 supervisory and office personnel. It distributed $6,200,000 in allotment checks to South Dakota families.

CCC camps were located across South Dakota but the major concentration was in the Black Hills. Dams, roads, fences, bridges, signage, campgrounds and the list of achievements is a long one. Several of the men that worked in the Civilian Conservation Corps in South Dakota mentioned working at or near  Mount Rushmore National Memorial. Some of these men worked for Gutzon Borglum before or after CCC service.

References

External links
  The Official CCC Museum of South Dakota

Civilian Conservation Corps in South Dakota
History of South Dakota
French destroyer Arbalète. Arbalète was a   built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron ().

Design and description
The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They  normally displaced  and  at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of  for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials. Arbalète proved to be the fastest ship of her class, reaching  from  during her sea trials. They carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for  torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career
Arbalète (Arbalest) was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand on 1 August 1900 and the ship was laid down on 23 November at its shipyard in Le Havre. She was launched on 28 April 1903 and conducted her sea trials during May–August 1903. The ship was commissioned () after their completion and was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron.

When the First World War began in August 1914, Arbalète was a leader () in the 1st Submarine and Destroyer Flotilla () of the 1st Naval Army (), based in Toulon.

References

Bibliography

 

Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1903 ships
French destroyer Javeline. Javeline was a   built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was assigned to the Northern Squadron ().

Design and description
The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They  normally displaced  and  at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of  for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Javeline reaching a speed of . They carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for  torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career
Javeline (Javelin) was ordered from Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire on 14 November 1900 and the ship was laid down later that month at its shipyard in Nantes. She was launched on 15 October 1902 and conducted her sea trials during March–June 1903. The ship was commissioned () on 30 June and was assigned to the Northern Squadron.

When the First World War began in August 1914, Javeline was one of the leaders () in the 3rd Submarine Flotilla () of the 2nd Light Squadron (), based at Cherbourg.

References

Bibliography

 

Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1902 ships
French destroyer Sagaie. Sagaïe was a   built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Completed in 1903, the ship was assigned to the Northern Squadron ().

Design and description
The Arquebuse class was designed as a faster version of the preceding . The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a maximum draft of . They normally displaced  and  at deep load. The two vertical triple-expansion steam engines each drove one propeller shaft using steam provided by two du Temple Guyot or Normand boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of  for a designed speed of , all the ships exceeded their contracted speed during their sea trials with Sagaïe reaching a speed of . They carried enough coal to give them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of four officers and fifty-eight enlisted men.

The main armament of the Arquebuse-class ships consisted of a single  gun forward of the bridge and six  Hotchkiss guns in single mounts, three on each broadside. They were fitted with two single rotating mounts for  torpedo tubes on the centerline, one between the funnels and the other on the stern.

Construction and career
Sagaïe (Assegai) was ordered from Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée on 7 November 1900 and the ship was laid down the following year at its shipyard in Graville-Le Havre. She was launched on 15 November 1902 and conducted her sea trials from October to April 1903. The ship was commissioned () after their completion and was assigned to the Northern Squadron.

Before the First World War began in August 1914, Sagaïe was assigned to the special reserve of the 2nd Light Squadron () based at Cherbourg. The ship was mobilized on 1 August.

References

Bibliography

 

Arquebuse-class destroyers
Ships built in France
1902 ships