omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Anne Young (academic). Anne M. Young is a Professor of Biomaterials at University College London, where she works on the development and characterisation of new materials for the repair of tooth and bone.

Early life and education 
Young studied chemistry at Imperial College London, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1986. She remained there for her doctoral studies in polymer physics. She moved to the petroleum industry, and joined BP as a colloid scientist in 1990. In 1992 she joined the UCL School of Pharmacy as a postdoctoral researcher.

Research and career 
Young was appointed to Brunel University London as a lecturer in chemistry. Young noticed a decline in the petroleum industry, She moved to the Schottlander Dental Company as a research scientist in 1998, before joining University College London as a lecturer in 2000.

At University College London, Young was a member of the Eastman Dental Hospital. Her work considers degradable and non-degradable composite bone cements, as well as dental restorative materials. She works with polymers, composites and metals. In restorative dentistry, one of biggest hazards is leakage of bacteria. Young creates fluid pastes that can be put in place of a tooth and set with light. Once set, these pastes form permanent materials with similar properties to the nearby teeth. By designing the pastes such that they swell when they absorb water, Young can overcome shrinkage, and by incorporating antibacterial agents she can overcome the dangers of bacterial leakage. She works closely with material scientists, dentists and microbiologists.

Alongside the design of materials for dentistry, Young is developing degradable materials for bone repair. Similar to the dental materials, injectable materials for bone repair or drug delivery can mimic nearby bone. These bone repair materials can be used for gene therapy. To analysis the materials during set and degradation, Young uses vibrational spectroscopy such as FTIR and Raman mapping.

Young was promoted to Professor in 2015. She delivered her inaugural lecture at University College London in 2016. She spoke about new materials to repair tooth decay and damage from osteoporosis.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of Imperial College London
Academics of Brunel University London
Academics of University College London
Place of birth missing (living people)
Chromium(III) telluride. Chromium telluride (Cr2Te3) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is composed of the chromium(III) cation and the telluride anion. It has a shadowy gray color, and has a hexagonal crystal structure.

Properties

Thermodynamic 
Chromium telluride samples that are highly saturated with tellurium were found to crystallize in a hexagonal structure, but trigonal lattice distortions are also possible.

Magnetic 
Chromium telluride is strongly paramagnetic, and it can be used in the construction of nanocrystals. In addition, the compound also shows ferromagnetic properties. By creating thin films of chromium telluride, the compound can be tested by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), vibrating sample magnetometry, and other physical property measurements. RHEED patterns indicate the flat, smooth growth of chromium telluride film. STM testing shows that the surface atoms of the compound arrange themselves in a hexagonal pattern. The Curie temperature was found to be 180 K. When transitioning between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic forms of magnetism, the surrounding magnetic field collapse into two independent curves with a sole scaling equation. However, chromium telluride can still continue with a reversal of magnetism.

When being measured at room temperature, the anomalous Hall voltage of chromium telluride seems to consist of both negative anomalous and positive normal component. The negative anomalous component exhibits saturation against the intensity of the magnetic field, while the positive normal component can be ascribed to hole conduction. This is measured from room temperature to 400 °C with a-c sample current and d-c magnetic field.

References

Chromium(III) compounds
Tellurides
James H. Baker (DOD). James "Jim" Baker is an American foreign policy advisor serving as the director of the Office of Net Assessment in the United States Department of Defense.

Education 
Baker earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from Michigan State University in 1990. In 1993, he earned another master's degree, in operations research and systems engineering, from the University of Florida. In 1999, he attended the Air Force's Air Command and Staff College for a masters in Military Sciences. In 2006, he returned to school at the National War College to earn a master's in national security studies. He later completed certificate programs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Business School.

Career 
On May 14, 2015 Baker was selected to be the director of the Office of Net Assessment. He is responsible for providing the United States Secretary of Defense with comparative assessments of the prospects of the military capabilities of the United States relative to other actors, as well as the political, economic and regional implications of those assessments. He previously served as strategist and advisor to two chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

References

United States Department of Defense officials
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Biyagama Water Treatment Plant. The Biyagama Water Treatment Plant or BWTP is a water treatment facility located at the bank of Kelani River, in Biyagama, Sri Lanka. At a daily output capacity of , it is the second largest water treatment facility in the country. The plant provides drinking water to approximately one million people, in Wattala, Ja-Ela, Kelaniya, Biyagama, Ragama, Kandana, Kadawatha, Kiribathgoda, Seeduwa and Ganemulla, within the Gampaha District.

Construction of the facility began on 22 October 2008. It was ceremonially inaugurated by President Mahinda Rajapakse on 22 July 2013. The facility uses raw water from the Kelani River. The maximum water loss during the purification process is 5%, due to raw water transmission, sludge de-watering and backwash.

Extension 
The Kelani Right Bank Water Supply Project - Phase 2 is a  project to significantly increase the production to . The expansion project is ongoing as of June 2019, by Maga Engineering and Suez.

References

External links 
 

Water treatment facilities
Industrial buildings completed in 2013
Water supply and sanitation in Sri Lanka
2013 establishments in Sri Lanka
Buildings and structures in Gampaha District
Panthera F9. The Panthera F9 is a UAE-designed 5-door armored personnel carrier designed for border protection, policing and low-intensity military operations. The vehicle is designed to have a fully modular weapons system, with a base model sold without any armament. The F9 comes equipped with a remote controlled, roof-mounted search light, run-flat tyres, a rear-view camera, air conditioning, as well as side and rear facing gun ports.

The base model F9 is produced by MSPV in the United Arab Emirates. The Panthera F9 is also produced at a military production plant located in Ankara, Turkey.

History
The Panthera F9 is officially used by the armed forces of the UAE and Egypt. Furthermore, Turkish-made Panthera F9s have been supplied as military aid to various armed groups in the Syrian Opposition during the ongoing Syrian Civil War, while UAE-made models were shown to be in possession of Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar's Tobruk-based Libyan National Army, during the course of the Second Libyan Civil War.

Variants
The company that designed and produced the F9, Minerva Special Purpose Vehicles (MSPV), partnered with French defense firm Nexter Systems to offer the M9 Panthera with a Nexter Systems ARX20 remote-controlled 20mm cannon, with an effective range of up to 1,200m. It may also employ a 7.62×51mm NATO belt-fed machine gun with up to 300 rounds, a GALIX Lacroix smoke discharger, as well as electronic fire detection and waste disposal systems.

Any F9 may optionally be fitted with a C4ISR surveillance system, electronic counter-measures, a non-lethal "STORM" or other custom configurations. It can also be fitted with a 360 degree ring mount, which can accept standard small arms.

The Panthera M9 is also offered in an armored ambulance configuration, holding up to 4 stretchers.

Several more vehicles of the Panthera family exist, with sizes ranging from 6 tonne to 23 tonne variants.

Operators

 
 
  Free Syrian Army
Syrian National Army
 National Front for Liberation
 Army of Glory
 
 
 Libyan National Army
 Libyan Army
 
 
  (delivery from December 2022)

References

External links

Armoured personnel carriers of the United Arab Emirates
Armoured fighting vehicles of Turkey
Post–Cold War military equipment of Turkey
Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Military ambulances
Stretch sensor. A stretch sensor is a sensor which can be used to measure deformation and stretching forces such as tension or bending. They are usually made from a material that is itself soft and stretchable.

Most stretch sensors fall into one of three categories. The first type consists of an electrical conductor for which the electrical resistance changes (usually increases) substantially when the sensor is deformed.

The second type consists of a capacitor for which the capacitance changes under deformation. Known properties of the sensor can then be used to deduce the deformation from the resistance/capacitance. Both the rheostatic and capacitive types often take the form of a cord, tape, or mesh.

The third type of sensor uses high performance piezoelectric systems in soft, flexible/stretchable formats for measuring signals using the capability of piezoelectric materials to interconvert mechanical and electrical forms of energy.

Applications 
Wearable stretch sensors can be used for tasks such as measuring body posture or movement. in 2018, New Zealand based company StretchSense began making a motion capture glove (data glove) using stretch sensors. Unlike gloves that use inertial or optical sensors, stretchable sensors do not suffer from drift or occlusion.

They can also be used in robotics, particularly in soft robots.

Stretch sensors are now widely used in medical fields for analysis and measuring the human dielectric properties w.r.t skin.

See also 
 Flexible electronics
 Force gauge
 Thermistor
 Stretchable electronics
 Stretch receptor

References 

Sensors
Resistive components
Measuring instruments
Transducers
Sarah Cartmell. Sarah Harriet Cartmell is a British biomaterials scientist and Professor of Bioengineering at the University of Manchester. She specializes on the potential use of electrical regimes to influence cellular activity for orthopaedic tissue engineering applications.

Early life and education
Cartmell studied Materials Science with Clinical Engineering at the University of Liverpool and graduated in 1996. Continuing her studies at Liverpool, she earned a PhD in Clinical Engineering in 2000.

Research and career
Cartmell's research interests are in bioengineering, CT imaging, bioreactor design and orthopaedics.

After completing her doctorate, she furthered her studies at Georgia Tech. After two years in Atlanta, Cartmell came back to the UK and joined Keele University as a postdoctoral research fellow, gaining her lectureship in 2004 and senior lectureship in 2008 in orthopaedic tissue engineering.

Cartmell joined the Department of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering at The University of Manchester in 2010 as a Reader in biomaterials, and was promoted to full Professor in 2014. She continues to investigate the use of bioreactors, X-ray imaging, and the response of orthopaedic cells to a variety of stimuli such as mechanical forces, electrical stimulus, statins and a variety of different novel materials to support their growth into the correct tissue type/shape.

Cartmell serves as head of the department of materials at the school of natural sciences at the University of Manchester, and the UK Biomedical Materials champion for the Henry Royce Institute of a £235 million UK government investment for advanced materials. She is co-director of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Doctoral Training in Advanced Biomedical Materials, combining the strength and track record in biomaterials innovation, translation and industrial engagement at the University of Manchester and the University of Sheffield.

References

Women bioengineers
British bioengineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
British materials scientists
Georgia Tech alumni
Academics of Keele University
Academics of the University of Manchester
Robin Williams (physicist). Sir Robert Hughes Williams,  (born 22 December 1941), commonly known as Robin Williams, is a Welsh physicist and academic, specialising in solid state physics and semiconductors. He was Vice-Chancellor of University of Wales, Swansea from  1994 to 2003. He had taught at the New University of Ulster and University of Wales, College of Cardiff, before joining Swansea.

Honours
In 1990, Williams was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), the United Kingdom's national academy for the sciences. In 2010, he was elected a Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales (FLSW).

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2004 New Year Honours for services to education and to the community in Swansea and knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to higher education, research and the Welsh language.

Selected works

References

1941 births
Welsh physicists
Academics of Ulster University
Academics of Cardiff University
Academics of Swansea University
Knights Bachelor
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales
Living people
Azimuth (disambiguation). Azimuth is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. 

Azimuth may also refer to:

 Azimuth (airline), a Russian airline
 Azimuth (band), a British jazz trio active from 1977 to 2000
 Azimuth (album), the trio's debut album
 Azymuth, Brazilian band
 Azimuth Hill, Antarctica
 Azimuth Islands, Antarctica
 Azimuth Systems, an American wireless technology company
 General Alister Azimuth, a character in the Ratchet & Clank video game series

See also
John Heaton (metallurgist). John Heaton (1818–1897) was a 19th-century mechanical engineer who lived in England. Government documents refer to him at different times as a civil, mechanical and mining engineer, reflecting the breadth of his work. He is mainly known for inventing the Heaton process, a way to convert cast iron into steel, and his subsequent legal battles with fellow Englishman Henry Bessemer, who had developed a different method for the same conversion. He later obtained a patent regarding efficiency improvements in steam boilers.

Life
 The Nottinghamshire Birth-Marriage-Death records show he was born (or baptised) in 1818.
 In 1868 he received a UK patent for the Heaton process.
 In 1868 he was nominated for membership of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers and was then accepted.

 Between 1868 and 1869 he conducted, and won, a protracted legal battle with Henry Bessemer. Bessemer believed that the Heaton process was included in the Bessemer process through some early patent applications.
 In 1870 he obtained a second patent for "Improvements in Obtaining Motive Power", making steam boilers produce vapour more efficiently by first dissolving carbon dioxide in the water to be boiled.
 He appears in the 1871 and 1881 census documents.

 The UK Birth-Marriage-Death records show that he died in 1897.

Heaton process

When Heaton published "Heaton's Process for the Treatment of Cast Iron and the Manufacture of Steel" in 1869, cast iron was a readily available material. However, converting it to steel was a slow, expensive and laborious process known as 'puddling'. Another English metallurgist, Henry Bessemer, had just created the Bessemer process, which entailed blowing air or pure oxygen through liquid cast iron to burn off the carbon. At the time, there was another laboratory-scale process of adding potassium nitrate to cast iron to produce oxygen and burn off the carbon, thereby producing steel. Heaton formalized a process using sodium nitrate (instead of potassium) and designed equipment that made the commingling of the nitrate and the liquid cast iron reliable and repeatable. Combined, these improvements became the Heaton process.

References 

English metallurgists
English ironmasters
1818 births
1897 deaths
19th-century English businesspeople
Julie Elizabeth Gough. Julie Elizabeth Gough is a Professor of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering at The University of Manchester. She specializes on controlling cellular responses at the cell-biomaterial interface by engineering defined surfaces for mechanically sensitive connective tissues.

Early life and education 
Gough is a cell biologist. She studied cell- and immunobiology, and molecular pathology and toxicology at the University of Leicester, graduating with a BSc in 1993 and an MSc in 1994, respectively. She continued her doctoral studies at the University of Nottingham, earning her PhD in Biomaterials in 1998. Between 1998 and 2002, she furthered her studies at both Nottingham and Imperial College London as a postdoctoral fellow working on novel composites and bioactive glasses for bone repair.

Research and career 
Gough joined the School of Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering at The University of Manchester, as a lecturer in 2002. She was quickly promoted to Senior lecturer and Reader in 2006 and 2010, respectively.

From 2012 to 2013 she was a Royal Academy of Engineering/Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow. Gough was made full Professor in 2014. 

Since then, she has continued her research in tissue engineering of mechanically sensitive connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle and the intervertebral disc. This includes analysis and control of cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, myoblasts and macrophages on a variety of materials and scaffolds. Her research also involves the development of scaffolds for tissue repair using novel hydrogels and magnesium alloys as various porous and fibrous materials. Gough has worked on the advisory board of the journal Biomaterials Science, and as part of the local organising committee for the World Biomaterials Congress.

References

External links 
 

Biomaterials
Tissue engineering
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Women molecular biologists
Professorships at the University of Manchester
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Jorge Brovetto. Jorge Brovetto (14 February 1933 – 8 June 2019) was a Uruguayan chemical engineer, academic and politician.

He successively served as President of the Broad Front, as Rector of the University of the Republic, and as Minister of Education and Culture.

References

External links

1933 births
2019 deaths
Politicians from Montevideo
Engineers from Montevideo
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Uruguayan chemical engineers
University of the Republic (Uruguay) rectors
Broad Front (Uruguay) politicians
Education and culture ministers of Uruguay
Zobellella denitrificans. Zobellella denitrificans is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacterium from the genus of Zobellella which has been isolated from sediments from a mangrove ecosystems from Miaoli County in Taiwan.

Recent research on Z. denitrificans ZD1 has highlighted its versatile applications in biotechnology and aquaculture. This salt-tolerant strain can produce high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a biodegradable biopolymer, from various organic waste sources, including synthetic crude glycerol, saline wastewater, and municipal wastewater. It can also grow on other agro-industrial wastewaters to produce PHB, including sugary waste slurry, cheese whey wastewater, food waste fermentation liquid, and fishmeal wastewater. This non-sterile PHB production process offers a low-cost strategy for recycling organic waste into valuable bioplastics, reducing reliance on petrochemical-based plastics.

Furthermore, Z. denitrificans ZD1 shows potential as a multifunctional feed ingredient for aquaculture. When utilized as single-cell protein (SCP) rich in PHB, ZD1 can enhance the growth, immune response, and gut microbiome health of various aquatic species. PHB and its intermediates exhibit antimicrobial properties against common aquaculture pathogens, providing an alternative to traditional antibiotics. This dual capability of Z. denitrificans ZD1 to produce bioplastics and serve as a sustainable feed ingredient supports its promising role in addressing environmental challenges in aquaculture.

References 

Aeromonadales
Bacteria described in 2006
Independent water and power plant. An independent water and power plant (IWPP) or an integrated water and power project is a combined facility which serves as both a desalination plant and a power plant. IWPPs are more common in the Middle East, where demand for both electricity and salt water desalinisation are high.

Independent water and power producers negotiate both a feed-in power tariff and a water tariff in the same deal with the utility company, who also purchases both products. IWPPs tend to have an installed capacity of over 1 gigawatt (1,000 megawatts) and generates power in a typical thermal power station setup. Seawater is purified by integrating MSF, MED, TVC, or RO water desalination technologies with the power plant, thus increasing overall efficiency.

See also 
 Independent Power Producer

References

External links 
 

 
Cogeneration
Power station technology
Energy conversion
Chemical process engineering
Water desalination
Water treatment
Sling cart. A sling cart is used to transport very heavy objects over land. The cart has a skeletal frame with large-diameter wheels so the object being transported can be suspended above the ground by ropes or chains below the level of the axle. Typical sling carts have two wheels on a single axle with a long pole or tongue perpendicular to the axle for use as a lever. In the days of muzzle-loading cannon, sling carts were used to move heavy artillery from the place of manufacture or storage to a ship or fortification where the gun would be placed on a gun carriage. Specialized sling carts with two axles and four wheels were used to carry the heaviest guns. Smaller field guns were often transported on their gun carriage, but portable gun carriages were unable to withstand the recoil energy of very large guns.

Sources

Carts
Artillery
Human-powered vehicles
Animal-powered vehicles