omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Johnny Lee (computer scientist). Johnny Chung Lee (born 1979) is an American computer engineer known for his inventions related to the Wii Remote. He is involved with human-computer interaction.

Education 
Lee earned a Bachelor of Science degree in computer engineering at the University of Virginia in 2001 and a Ph.D. at Carnegie Mellon University's Human–Computer Interaction Institute.

Career 
In 2001, Lee was a research intern at the University of Southern California's Integrated Media Systems Center. From 2002 to 2004, he was a research intern at the Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories. He worked as a research intern at Microsoft in 2005 and remained with the company as a researcher until 2011. While Lee was a core member of Kinect development team, he approached Adafruit Industries with the idea of a driver development contest and personally financed it.

Sometime in 2008, Lee posted video demos and sample code at his website taking advantage of the high resolution (1024×768 Pixels) high frame-rate (100 Hz) IR camera built-in into the controller of the Wii video game console, the Wii Remote, for finger tracking, low-cost multipoint interactive whiteboards, and head tracking for desktop VR displays. This was the subject for his presentation at the prestigious TED conference in the same year, where he demonstrated several such applications. The WiimoteProject forum has become the discussion, support, and sharing site for Lee's Wii Remote projects and other newer developments.

Lee was named one of the world's top 35 innovators under 35 (TR35) in 2008. After that, Lee was hired by Microsoft to work on their Kinect project. He was later hired at Google to work on Project Tango.

Lee's other projects include an interactive whiteboard, 3D head tracking, finger tracking, and a DIY telepresence robot. His YouTube videos have received over 10 million views, with the Wii Remote head tracking project being his most viewed. He also demonstrated several of these applications at events such as TED, and has been featured on popular websites such as Slashdot, Gizmodo, hackedgadgets, Popular Science, Wired, and Engadget several times. Various magazines, newspapers and television programs have featured interviews with Lee, and he has also made appearances at events such as Maker Faire.

Electronic Arts had initially stated that Lee's Wii Remote head tracking technology would appear as an Easter egg in the game Boom Blox, but later announced that the feature had been removed.

References

External links
 
 Johnny Lee's blog
 
 "Free or cheap Wii Remote hacks" (TED2008)
 YouTube videos
 SteadyCam
 Human-Computer Interaction Institute

Living people
American computer scientists
Human–computer interaction researchers
Google employees
Microsoft employees
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
1979 births
Simulations Plus. Simulations Plus, Inc. develops absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) modeling and simulation software for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology, industrial chemicals, cosmetics, food ingredients, and herbicide industries. In September 2014, the company acquired Cognigen Corporation, a provider of clinical trial data analysis and consulting services.

References
Simulations Plus, Inc. - San Fernando Valley Business Journal - December 29, 2010
 Simulations Plus, Inc. - New York Times - Company Information
Simulations Plus, Inc. - Datamonitor Company Profiles via Alacra Store - May 23, 2008

External links

Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Simulation software
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Aviatik (Berg) D.II. The Aviatik (Berg) D.II, the prototypes of which were known as Aviatik 30.22 and Aviatik 30.38, was an Austro-Hungarian sesquiplane fighter aircraft prototype towards the end of the First World War.

Development
The D.II's fuselage was virtually identical to that of the D.I. It was characterised, however, by its short-span cantilever lower wing, which made it a sesquiplane. Through 1917, 19 D.IIs were built for front-line evaluation. The series 39 aircraft were powered by the  Austro-Daimler 200hp engine and the series 339 aircraft by the  Austro-Daimler 225 hp engine driving a four-bladed Jaray propeller and armed with the usual paired  Schwarzlose machine guns. A further prototype, (30.38), was produced by fitting a  Hiero engine in a D.II airframe.

Operational history
The first three production aircraft were tested in November 1917, and seven were evaluated at the front later in that year, showing good promise. However, the decision was made that Aviatik should instead produce the Fokker D.VII, and any plans to continue production of the D.II were halted.

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

Yugoslav Royal Air Force - Postwar

Specifications (D.II series 39)

References

Citations

Bibliography

 

1910s Austro-Hungarian fighter aircraft
D.II
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Talus (fortification). In architecture, the talus is a feature of some late medieval castles, especially prevalent in crusader constructions. It consists of a battered (sloping) face at the base of a fortified wall.

Feature
The slope acts as an effective defensive measure in two ways. First, conventional siege equipment is less effective against a wall with a talus. Scaling ladders may be unable to reach the top of the walls and are also more easily broken due to the bending stresses caused by the angle they are forced to adopt. Siege towers cannot approach closer than the base of the talus, and their gangplank may be unable to cover the horizontal span of the talus, rendering them useless. Furthermore, defenders are able to drop rocks over the walls, which will shatter on the talus, spraying a hail of shrapnel into any attackers massed at the base of the wall.

See also
Glacis
Counterscarp
Siege

References

Further reading

Medieval architecture
Castle architecture
Chu XP-0. The Chu XP-0, also known as the Chu (AFAMF) XP-0, was a Chinese fighter prototype in the Second World War.

Development
Designed by the Chief of the Air Force Technical Bureau, Major General Chu Chia-Jen, in 1941, the XP-0 was a single-seat fighter monoplane, the single prototype of which was produced by AFAMF in 1943. Based largely on the Curtiss Hawk 75, it was of mixed construction with wooden three-spar wings, welded steel tube fuselage and plywood skinning. It could carry up to four 20 mm cannons underwing, and had capacity to carry bombs via a centreline bomb rack, allowing it to function as a dive bomber.

Operational history
It was anticipated that the XP-0 would be produced in series at AFAMF No. 1 factory at Kunming, however the prototype was flown for the first time in 1943, at Yangling. After circling the airfield, the XP-0 landed too fast, ground-looped and was written off. In the meantime, the American entry into World War II meant that American fighters were available to the Chinese, removing the need for China to manufacture indigenous fighter aircraft. As such no further production was carried out. No data except armament, construction and engine have survived.

Operators

Republic of China Air Force

Specifications (Chu XP-0)

See also

References

 
 

1940s Chinese fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Fairey Fantôme. The Fairey Fantôme, also known as the Fairey Féroce, was a Belgian fighter prototype of the mid-1930s. The prototype was designed and built by Fairey Aviation and three production aircraft were assembled in Belgium by Avions Fairey.

Development
The Fantôme was designed in 1934 by Marcel Lobelle to meet a specification drawn up on behalf of the Belgian Aéronautique Militaire who were to hold an international competition to find a replacement for the Fairey Firefly II. It was a single-bay biplane of all-metal construction, with fabric skinning. It had a fixed conventional landing gear with spatted mainwheels. The aircraft was powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 12Ycrs liquid-cooled V12 engine, with provision for an engine-mounted Oerlikon 20 mm cannon firing through the propeller hub. The cannon was supplemented by two  wing-mounted Browning machine guns, while two more synchronised Brownings could be fitted in the upper fuselage if the cannon was not present.

Operational history
The Fantôme first flew on 6 June 1935 at the Great West Aerodrome (now part of London Heathrow Airport. The aircraft was shown at the 1935 RAF and SBAC airshows at RAF Hendon in July before being delivered to Belgium to take part in the Belgian fighter competition. It crashed at Evere on 17 July during the competition, killing the pilot. Fairey had already produced parts and components for three other aircraft. These were shipped to Belgium in 1936 and completed under the name Fairey Féroce at Avions Fairey's factory at Gosselies, but Belgium had meanwhile revised its requirements for fighters. Two of them were sold to the Soviet government, which some sources state later gave them to the Spanish Republican air force during the Spanish Civil War, other sources claim that no evidence can be found of such a transfer. The fourth aircraft returned to Britain where it was acquired by the British Air Ministry, where both its flying performance and its armament were evaluated. It was transferred to the Air Gunnery School at Rolleston in December 1940 and struck off charge on 19 March 1943. No further production was undertaken.

Operators

Soviet Air Force - Two aircraft, used for tests and trials.

Specifications

References

 
 

 
 

1930s British fighter aircraft
Fantome
Avions Fairey aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Fairey F.2. 

The Fairey F.2 was a British fighter prototype in the late 1910s. It was the first aircraft designed entirely by the Fairey Aviation Company.

Development
The F.2 was ordered by the Admiralty in 1916 as a massive, three-seat long-range fighter. Powered by two Rolls-Royce Falcon engines, it was a three-bay biplane with a four-wheel "bedstead" main undercarriage, the wings folding aft from a point outboard of the engines. Armament consisted of a .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun on a Scarff ring on the extreme nose and a similar installation immediately aft of the wings.

Operational history
Built at Harlington the F.2 was transported by road to Northolt Aerodrome where it first flew on 17 May 1917; however, by then Admiralty interest in the project had waned. The fighter was found to be hard to handle and slow, and therefore no further production was continued.

Operators

Royal Naval Air Service

Specifications

References

 

1910s British fighter aircraft
F.2
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Biplanes
Twin-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Stardraw. Founded in 1993 by ex-Microsoft development manager David Snipp Stardraw is a company that makes audio/visual system integration and design software.

Software

Stardraw has two different but related sets of software both for the Audio-visual (A/V) market

Computer aided design

Stardraw's design software is for creating documentation of audio/visual systems.  This includes A/V schematics (similar to a Computer network diagram), Rack Layouts, Presentation Drawings (Pictorial Schematics), Panel Layouts for custom metalwork, Plan View drawings, and associated reports such as Bills of Materials, Quotations and Cable Schedules.

The software includes preset equipment icons to make it quick to create an illustrations of a A/V system design.

Their software of this type includes

Stardraw Audio 2007 (Discontinued)
Stardraw A/V 2007 (Discontinued)
Stardraw A/V Lite 2007 (Discontinued)
Stardraw Lighting 2D 2007 (Discontinued)
Stardraw Design 7 - Released June 2011

Control Software

Stardraw control is their Integrated development environment for creating Touchscreen remote control of a wide variety of equipment.

Typical uses include room automation in boardrooms, auditoriums, museums or home theaters, where users use fixed and wireless touch-screens to control devices such as video projectors and displays, PCs, DVD and VCR players and recorders, cameras, teleconferencing systems, audio/video switchers and processing equipment, motorized projection screens, drapes, lighting, HVAC systems, and a wide variety of other types of equipment. Other common uses include entertainment systems, industrial command and control centers, security systems, hotels and restaurants.

What separates their software from rivals AMX and Crestron is that it does not require any special hardware instead it runs on any machine running Microsoft Windows, further more the drivers and scripts for it are written in the general programming language C# rather than a proprietary language and designed in a graphical environment similar to that used by Microsoft's programming languages.

The software also present a Web service interface which enables non-Windows devices to control the software for example Tablet computers such as Apple's iPad

See also
List of CAD companies
AMX 
AutoCAD
AVSnap

References
Sound & Communications Magazine - 20 Years with Stardraw.com

External links
Stardraw homepage

1995 software
Home automation
Building automation
Remote control
Integrated pilot training. Integrated pilot training is one way aircraft pilots may train for a Commercial Pilot Licence. Pilots will normally enter into an ab-initio scheme with a Flight Training Organisation (FTO) where they may have as little as zero hours flight experience, up to or above the minimum requirements of the law of that country or ICAO state.

Alternatives include modular training, and the Multi-pilot licence (MPL).

History
Integrated pilot training was first put to the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority by Oxford Aviation Training in 1962.

List of notable providers

Germany 
 Lufthansa Flight Training

United Kingdom
 Oxford Aviation Academy

References

Flight training
Projekt TYTAN. The  ISW Tytan  (Polish: Indywidualny System Walki Tytan "Individual Warfare System Titan") is a Polish Future Soldier military project. The project started in 2006 and is currently in its first stage of development.

First Polish industry proposal of the new battle gear has been shown on 2008 Future Soldier Fair in Czech Republic. The soldier modernization program developed by Bumar Group is called "Ułan 21"("Uhlan 21")

Main Objectives
 Creating new generation of battle uniforms
 Creating new generation of tactical equipment
 Developing new electronics and optics technologies
 Developing new communication systems
 Modernisation of equipment and adjusting it to current standards
 Researching new generation ballistic shields

Equipment
 Main Weapon
 Personal Computer (GPS system, Maps, Nightvision, Friend or Foe System, communications system, Weapon's crosshair system)
 Lithium-ion battery
 Helmet with display, headphones and microphone
 Modular body armor

Tests
Elements of battle gear will be tested by Zintegrowana Grupa Bojowa (Integrated Battle Group).
Group consists of:
 GROM soldiers who tested Land Warrior system in United States.
 Selected officers of 1.PSK
 Formoza operators
 Communications and IT experts
 German instructors from Infanterist der Zukunft (German future soldier program)

Proposed military equipment
Future soldier programs
Polish Land Forces
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing or ECIS (a trademark of Applied BioPhysics Inc.) refers to a non-invasive biophysical approach to monitor living animal cells in vitro, i.e. within a well-defined laboratory environment.

In ECIS the cells are grown on the surface of small and planar gold-film electrodes, which are deposited on the bottom of a cell culture dish (Petri dish). The AC impedance of the cell-covered electrode is then measured at one or several frequencies as a function of time. Due to the insulating properties of their membranes the cells behave like dielectric particles so that the impedance increases with increasing coverage of the electrode until a confluent (i.e. continuous) layer of cells is established. In confluent cell layers the measured impedance is mainly determined by the three-dimensional shape of the cells. If cell shape changes occur, the current pathways through and around the cell bodies change as well, leading to a corresponding increase or decrease of impedance. Thus, by recording time-resolved impedance measurements, cell shape changes can be followed in real time with sub-microscopic resolution and can be used for bioanalytic purposes.

As the shape of animal cells responds very sensitively to alterations in metabolism as well as chemical, biological or physical stimuli, the ECIS technique is applied in various experimental settings in cell biological research laboratories. It can be used as a sensor in cytotoxicity studies, drug development or as a non-invasive means to follow cell adhesion to in vitro surfaces. Equipments based on the ECIS technique are also dedicated to monitor the chemokinetic activity of adherent cells spread on the electrode surface (micromotion) as well as their chemotactic activities in ECIS-based wound healing assays.

References

See also 
 Microphysiometry

Research methods
Laboratory techniques
Stone picker. A stone picker (or rock picker) is an implement to sieve through the top layer of soil to separate and collect rocks and soil debris from good topsoil. It is usually tractor-pulled. A stone picker is similar in function to a rock windrower (rock rake); a stone picker generally digs to greater depths to remove stones and rocks.

Stone pickers are used in farming and landscaping, where stones need to be removed from the soil and ground surface to prevent damage to other farm machinery (such as hay balers, combines, and mowers), improve the soil for crop production, or improve the appearance of the ground surface in preparation for a lawn or a golf course. Surface stones and large rocks often left from plowing can damage a hay bailer, the header or reciprocating knives on a combine, and blades on a rotary mower. Land with rock instead of fine soil are often less useful for crops. Thus, removing stones from the soil also ensures a more consistent yield. Additionally, using stone pickers is particularly useful for crops forming tubers (such as potatoes) in the ground.

A stone picker has digging teeth, a conveyor system, a sieve or screen, and a stone bin. The digging teeth are at the leading edge of the stone picker and removes soil, which is placed on the conveyor system. If the sieve is not combined with the conveyor system, the conveyor system transports the stones and large rocks to a bin or hopper for periodic dumping. Some stone pickers use a large tractor, generally over 100 horsepower, equipped with hydraulics and power take-off driven mechanisms. PTO pump driven equipment can use 60 horsepower tractors. The tractor's hydraulics control the depth to which the stone picker digs to excavate soil material; whereas, the PTO controls the movement of the conveyor and picking system.

References

External links

Agricultural machinery
Organic solderability preservative. Organic solderability preservative or OSP is a method for coating of printed circuit boards. It uses a water-based organic compound that selectively bonds to copper and protects the copper until soldering. Compared to the traditional HASL process, the OSP process is widely used in the electronics manufacturing industry because it does not require high-temperature treatment and significantly reduces the risk of metal corrosion, environmental impact and damage to electronic components.

The basic principle of  SP to form a protective layer against oxidation and corrosion by applying a layer consisting of a mixture of organic acids and nitrogen compounds, etc.

The OSP process involves delicate steps designed to ensure the uniformity and quality of the protective layer. Although environmentally friendly and suitable for microelectronic manufacturing, the complexity of the process requires strict control of the composition and quality of the coating agent to guarantee consistent board performance.

The compounds typically used are from the azole family such as benzotriazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles. These adsorb on copper surfaces, by forming coordination bonds with copper atoms and form thicker films
through formation of copper (I) – N–heterocycle complexes. The typical film thickness used is in the tens to hundreds of nanometers.

See also 
 Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG)
 Hot air solder leveling (HASL)
 Immersion silver plating (IAg)
 Immersion tin plating (ISn)
 Reflow soldering
 Wave soldering

References 
 Tong, K. H., M. T. Ku, K. L. Hsu, Q. Tang, C. Y. Chan, and K. W. Yee. “The Evolution of Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP) Process in PCB Application.” 2013 8th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE), October 2013. doi:10.1109/impact.2013.6706620.

Printed circuit board manufacturing
Bearing reducer. A Bearing reducer in engineering is a bearing that designates the full integration of high-precision reduction gear and high-precision radial-axial bearing in a compact unit. This transmission system allows the utilization of the bearing reducer in several technics, such as robotics and automation, machine tools, measuring equipment, navigation systems, the aircraft industry, the military and medicine field, the woodworking field, the printers branch, the machines for the textile industry and glass treatment, and the filling machines.

References

Bearings (mechanical)
Kawasaki YPX. The Kawasaki YPX was a twinjet airliner proposed by Kawasaki Aerospace Company of Japan. The YPX was based on the Kawasaki P-1 aircraft developed for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, but with two engines instead of four.

There has been no progress as of 2024.

Design and development
The YPX was to have seated between 100 and 150 passengers, and would thus have been competitive with the smaller Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 family jets on short haul routes. The engine choice had not been made at the time its development was halted. Entry into service was expected to have been somewhere around 2015. However, no prototype has been built.

Kawasaki had hoped to cut fuel costs of up to 15% in comparison to the Boeing 737.

According to specifications issued in 2007, the base model YPX-11 was to have seated 113 passengers in a two-class arrangement. The YPX-10 was to have seated 93 in two classes while the YPX-12 was to have accommodated 137, implying about 150 in an all-economy arrangement. Standard range for all three body lengths would have been 4,260 km (2,300 nautical miles) but the YPX-10 and YPX-11 were to have extended-range sub-variants flying as far as 5,930 km (3,200 nautical miles).

The YPX was to have a five-abreast economy cabin and an elliptical cross-section - that is, with a smoothly varying radius, rather than the old double-bubble based on two distinct radii. Economy seats would be 46 cm (18 in) wide; the aisle, 51 cm (20 in).

In 2012, the Ministry of Defense and Kawasaki Heavy Industries pointed out that "a passenger aircraft based almost entirely on the XP-1 would have little marketability, and would require significant design changes that would be almost completely new, making it difficult to justify." Civilian aircraft of this class are usually twin-engine aircraft due to cost and fuel efficiency considerations, and the Ministry of Defense's documents show a conceptual drawing of a twin-engine aircraft, but the prototype P-1 is equipped with four domestically produced turbofan engines at the request of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force , and would require significant modifications.  On March 26, 2013, Kawasaki Heavy Industries stated that there were "no concrete moves" to convert the aircraft into a passenger aircraft.

Specifications

See also

References

External links
 Kawasaki YPX rendering
 Kawasaki YPX scale model

YPX
Abandoned civil aircraft projects