omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
EMD SW14. The EMD SW14 is a model of diesel switcher locomotives built by Illinois Central's workshops in Paducah, Kentucky between 1978 and 1982. A total of 112 were rebuilt from EMD NW2, EMD SW7 and EMD SW9s. When Canadian National took over Illinois Central in 1998, 26 remained in service. By 2018, only nine remained operational.

References

External links

B-B locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
SW0009
SW0009
Railway locomotives introduced in 1950
Shunting locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Rebuilt diesel locomotives
Land Information and Management System. The Land Information and Management System (LIMS) is a system introduced in Pakistan to improve contemporary agricultural practices. The former Prime Minister, Shehbaz Sharif and Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Asim Munir, inaugurated the system. Headed by Maj Gen Muhammad Ayub Ahsan Bhatti, it’s goal is to boost the agriculture sector, which accounts for nearly 25% of the country's GDP.

LIMS is based on a geographic information system (GIS), and aims to streamline the digitization of farming processes. It gives farmers online access to data on climate shifts, satellite-based crop monitoring, water usage, fertilizer application, and targeted spray zones. Its developers believe that LIMS will create jobs for the youth and rejuvenate unused and underutilized land.

Background 
LIMS offers real-time updates to farmers regarding soil conditions, crops, weather, water availability, and pest monitoring using remote sensing and geospatial technologies. Additionally, the system is designed to reduce the reliance on intermediaries through an effective marketing framework.

LIMS has main goals centered around bolstering food security, advancing agricultural exports, and alleviating the financial burden caused by imports on the nation's treasury. It is designed to convert underutilized or low-yield land within the country, and reduce food insecurity, malnutrition, and the escalating costs associated with agricultural imports.

Collaborations
LIMS collaborates with several countries including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and China for multiple agricultural ventures aimed at boosting Pakistan's exports. In 2023, Saudi Arabia made a $500 million investment to establish the facility.

References

External links
  

Agriculture in Pakistan
Information systems
2023 establishments in Pakistan
Enterprise Building (China). The Enterprise Building () is the headquarters of the Chinese game developer company, NetDragon Websoft. It is located at  in the Chinese coastal city of Changle, a suburb of Fuzhou in Fujian province. The building resembles Star Trek Starship Enterprise — specifically, the Enterprise-E featured in several Star Trek films.

Construction
It was sponsored by NetDragon Websoft’s founder Liu Dejian (), a Chinese millionaire and a fan of the Star Trek show. It was constructed with permission from the show copyright holders and is described as "the only licensed Star Trek building in the world". The construction begun in October 2010 and concluded in May 2014.

Features
The building is  long,  wide, and cost 600 million yuan (about $97 million c. 2015) to build. It has six floors. The complex also features a football field, four tennis courts, a swimming pool, horseback riding area, VR experience center and a railway. It also has Star Trek-style sliding doors, as well as parts inspired by the Hui Style architecture. 

The building also hosts a life-size replica of a Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton modelled after the "Stan".

References

Buildings and structures completed in 2015
Buildings and structures in Fuzhou
Works based on Star Trek
Yordanka Mincheva - Stefanova. Yordanka Hristova Mincheva - Stefanova (Bulgarian: Йорданка Христова Минчева - Стефанова) (29 August 1923 – 28 April 2007), Aka Jordanka Mincheva - Stefanova, Jordanka Minčeva - Stefanova, was a Bulgarian geologist, mineralogist and crystallographer. Her scientific interests were in sulphide mineralogy, crystal chemistry and genesis of minerals - sulphides, carbonates, arsenates, silicates etc.

Selected publications

References

External links
 
 

1923 births
2007 deaths
Mineralogists
Crystallographers
Bulgarian geologists
Sofia University alumni
20th-century geologists
20th-century Bulgarian scientists
People from Stara Zagora
David L. Kaplan (engineer). David L. Kaplan (born 18 March 1953) is an American biomedical engineer.

Kaplan completed a bachelor's of science from SUNY Albany in 1975, and earned his doctorate at Syracuse University and SUNY Syracuse in 1978. He holds the Stern Family Professorship in Engineering at Tufts University, and is chief editor of the American Chemical Society's scientific journal Biomaterials Science and Engineering.

Kaplan was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2003, and is a 2021 member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.

References

1953 births
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American engineers
Tufts University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
21st-century American engineers
American biomedical engineers
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry alumni
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
Syracuse University alumni
Scientific journal editors
Tetraiodoethylene. Tetraiodoethylene (TIE), or diiodoform, is the periodinated analogue of ethylene with the chemical formula . It is a decomposition product of carbon tetraiodide and diiodoacetylene. It is an odourless yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in benzene and chloroform, and insoluble in water. It has been used as an antiseptic and a component in pesticide and fungicide formulations.

Tetraiodoethylene reacts with ethylamine to give ethylamine di-tetraiodoethylene, EtNH2.(C2I4)2,
and ethylaminetetraiodoethylene. Tetraiodoethylene and iodine pentafluoride yield iodopentafluoroethane.

Tetraiodoethylene turns brown and emits a "characteristic" odour due to decomposition when exposed to light.

History
Tetraiodoethylene was discovered by Baeyer in 1885. It was proposed as an antiseptic under the name Diiodoform, in 1893 by M. L. Maquenne and Taine. It was an alternative to iodoform which has a strong and persistent odour that caused difficulties for physicians in private practices.

Synthesis
Tetraiodoethylene can be made by the iodination of calcium carbide:

Diiodoacetylene is a byproduct of the reaction which can later be iodinated to TIE.

The action of aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and iodine on barium carbide in chloroform or benzene can also give TIE. Another synthesis involves mixing separate solutions of diiodoacetylene and iodine in carbon disulphide. Tetraiodoethylene would be left as a residue after carbon disulphide was evaporated.

See also
 1,2-Diiodoethylene 
 Triiodoethylene 
 Tetrafluoroethylene 
 Tetrachloroethylene
 Tetrabromoethylene

References

Iodoalkenes
Pesticides
Fungicides
Antiseptics
International Committee of the Red Cross rules of engagement for civilian hackers. On 4 October 2023 the International Committee of the Red Cross published rules of engagement for civilian hackers involved in conflicts. The rules had been described as a "Geneva Code of cyber-war".

Background
Since 2013 there has been a rise in hacking associated with conflicts, such as the Syrian civil war, which led to attacks on Western media. This has significantly accelerated after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Rules
The rules are:
Do not attack civilian targets.
Do not use malware or other tools or techniques that spread automatically and attack military and civilian targets indiscriminately.
When planning a cyber-attack against a military target, do everything possible to avoid or minimise any impact on civilians.
Do not conduct any cyber-attack against medical and humanitarian facilities.
Do not conduct any cyber-attack against anything essential to the survival of the population or that can release dangerous forces.
Do not threaten violence to spread terror among civilians.
Do not incite violations of international humanitarian law.
Comply with these rules even if the enemy doesn't.

The ICRC has also asked governments to restrain hackers and enforce existing laws against cybercrime.

Responses
The IT Army of Ukraine has said they will "make best efforts to follow the rules" even if it puts them at a disadvantage with their enemies. They also said that attacks on healthcare facilities had already been ruled out by them.

Killnet initially refused to follow the rules, but a couple of days later agreed to abide by them.

A high profile member of Anonymous said they had "always operated based on several principles, including rules cited by the ICRC" but had become disillusioned with the organisation and would not follow the rules.

A representative of Anonymous Sudan said the rules were "not viable and that breaking them for the group's cause is unavoidable".

References

Further reading

External links
8 rules for “civilian hackers” during war, and 4 obligations for states to restrain them - International Committee of the Red Cross blog on Law and Policy

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
Cyberwarfare
Hacking in the 2020s
Wilbur Wasn't Quite Perfect. Wilbur Wasn't Quite Perfect is a 1951 Australian radio play by Henry P. Schoenheimer.  It was produced for the ABC's Jubilee Celebration as part of their series of lighter plays.

According to Leslie Rees, the play was one of the most highly regarded Australian radio plays of the 1950s that came from Brisbane.

Premise
A comedy about a robot. According to ABC Weekly:
Professor Norman Carver invents a robot which can do all manner of useful things about the house. Should the professor and his wife require early morning tea, Wilbur, the robot, will make it. Should the dog have to be exercised or should the professor’s children demand a bedtime story, then Wilbur will oblige. The professor has much more time now for his experiments, but complications arise when he finds that the robot is supplanting him in the family’s affection.

See also
 1951 in Australian literature

References

1951 Australian radio dramas
1951 radio dramas
Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio programs
ABC Jubilee Year radio dramas
Australian radio comedy
Mustafa Shehu. Mustafa Balarabe Shehu is a Nigerian electrical engineer and 17th president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations. In 2023, he became the first person from Sub-Sahara Africa to be elected president of the engineering organization.

Life 
Shehu was born on April 12, 1963, in Kano, Nigeria. He graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering from Ahmadu Bello University.

He began his professional journey at Egbin Thermal Station in Lagos. He later joined the Kano State Rural Electricity Board as a Senior Engineer and eventually became the assistant director in 1998. Subsequently, he co-founded MBS Engineering Limited with his colleagues, which specializes in providing electrical and mechanical engineering services.

Between 2012 and 2013, he was the 28th President of the Nigerian Society of Engineers, and from 2015 to 2016, he served as President of the Federation of African Engineering Organisations.

Sheu was elected as the President-Elect of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations during the General Assembly of the Federation in San José, Costa Rica in March 2022. Later, in October 2023, he assumed the position of President of WFEO during the General Assembly held in Prague, Czech Republic.

References

Living people
1963 births
Nigerian engineers
Ioannis Yannas. Ioannis V. Yannas (born 14 April 1935) is a Greek-American engineer.

Yannas was born on 14 April 1935 in Greece. Yannas emigrated to the United States to pursue undergraduate and graduate degrees completing his bachelor's at Harvard College in 1957, a master of arts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959, then a master's of science and doctorate at Princeton University in 1965 and 1966, respectively. He is a professor at MIT. 

Yannas is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Engineering, elected in 1978 and 2017, respectively. He was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 1993, and inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2015.

References

21st-century American engineers
20th-century Greek engineers
American biomedical engineers
Harvard College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
1935 births
Greek emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
20th-century American engineers
Princeton University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Gary H. Glover. Gary H. Glover is an American electrical engineer.

Glover graduated from the University of Minnesota with bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering, then worked for General Electric for two decades before joining the Stanford University faculty.

Glover was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 1997, and a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2006.

References

Stanford University faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American electrical engineers
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
21st-century American engineers
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers
General Electric employees
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Hongming Chen. Hongming Chen is an American chemical engineer.

Chen earned a Bachelor's of Science degree in chemical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1992, and completed a Master's and Doctor of Science in the same subject at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She then conducted research at Merck & Co. and AstraZeneca. She later helped establish TransForm Pharmaceuticals, which was later acquired by Johnson & Johnson, and subsequently worked for Kala Pharmaceuticals from its founding in 2010, then cofounded Metis Therapeutics.

In 2015, Chen was elected a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. She was elected to membership of the United States National Academy of Engineering in 2018.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American engineers
20th-century American engineers
American women engineers
American chemical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
AstraZeneca people
Merck & Co. people
Janssen Pharmaceutica people
Latonia Harris. Latonia M. Harris is an American chemical engineer.

Born in Selma, Alabama, and educated in Detroit Public Schools, Harris earned her bachelor's degree in chemical engineering at the University of Michigan. Harris furthered her studies in the same subject at Northwestern University, where she completed a master's of science in 1997 and a doctorate in 2001. During her Ph.D., Harris was advised by Eleftherios Terry Papoutsakis and Neil Welker.

Upon graduating, Harris worked as a scientist for Schering-Plough, then moved to Janssen Pharmaceuticals. In 2020, Harris was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American engineers
American chemical engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
African-American women engineers
21st-century American women engineers
African-American engineers
Northwestern University alumni
Engineers from Alabama
People from Selma, Alabama
Engineers from Michigan
University of Michigan alumni
Detroit Public Schools Community District alumni
Janssen Pharmaceutica people
Schering people
Radar remote sensing. Radar remote sensing is a type of active remote Sensing which uses electromagnetic energy backscattered from ground targets to extract physical and dielectric behavior. It is different from passive remote sensing, the most common type, as the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is produced by the emitters and they transmit radiation at radio wavelengths (i.e. from around 1 cm to several meters) and sensors use the measured return to infer properties of the Earth's surface. radar remote sensing uses long-wavelength energy that penetrates through clouds and is sensitive to changes in vegetation physical structure. Thus, it has advantage in its capability of all-hour and all-weather imaging.

Its capability of all-weather imaging and specific range of EMR spectrum enables it to be applicable in Digital elevation mapping, Vegetation cover mapping, Soil mapping, Archeological applications etc. Various satellite based sensors are using this kind of technology to produce Radar based remote sensing data (see RADARSAT, TerraSAR-X, Magellan).

References

External links 
 Radar remote sensing, S. Quegan. Sheffield Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Sheffield, U.K.

Remote sensing
Geographical technology
Dolly pot. A dolly pot, also known as a dolly, is a portable tool used for crushing small quantities of gold-bearing rock, by hand, in a process known as dollying.

In principle, a dolly pot is somewhat like a large mortar and pestle, but is always made of metal and is intended specifically to crush hard rocks like quartz. It is typically flat at the bottom, rather than rounded as in a typical mortar.  19th-century versions were often made of cast iron. Modern dolly pots are typically fabricated from steel. The place of the pestle is taken by a long heavy steel rod, at one end provided with a stamping surface.

The process of dollying is highly labour-intensive. It involves pulverising the rock, by hand, until the gold separates from the surrounding rock matrix. It typically is used only to test for the presence of gold in samples taken from a quartz reef.

References 

Gold prospecting
Sam Stranks. Samuel David Stranks is a Professor of Optoelectronics in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.

He is a co-founder of Swift Solar, a startup based in San Carlos which is developing high-performance perovskite solar cells. He is also a co-founder of Sustain Education, a non-profit developing educational materials for school-age children around climate change solutions.

Education 
Stranks completed his undergraduate studies in Physics, Theoretical Physics and Chemistry, Applied Mathematics and German Studies at the University of Adelaide in 2007.

He undertook his DPhil in Condensed Matter Physics at St John’s College at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Robin Nicholas and Michael Johnston. His doctoral thesis was titled "Investigating carbon nanotube-polymer blends for organic solar cell applications".

Career and research 
Stranks undertook two years of postdoctoral research with Henry Snaith as a Junior Research Fellow at Worcester College, Oxford. He then undertook two further years of optoelectronics research with Vladimir Bulovic as a Marie Curie Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

This research focused on demonstrating long charge carrier transport lengths in halide perovskites, enabling planar heterojunction solar cell device architectures, and developing recombination models. It used multimodal microscopy approaches to study local nanoscale material properties, performance, structure and instabilities in perovskite materials.

In 2017 he founded the Optoelectronic Materials and Device Spectroscopy Group Strankslab at the University of Cambridge to research "the optical and electronic properties of emerging semiconductors for low-cost, transformative electronics applications including light-harvesting (e.g. photovoltaic) and light-emission (eg LED) devices."

Stranks is an Associate Editor at the AAAS journal Science Advances, and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Boards for the journals ACS Energy Letters and Advanced Energy Materials.

Awards and honours 
In 2018, Stranks received the Institute of Physics Henry Moseley Medal and Prize. In 2019, Stranks was awarded the Royal Society of Chemistry Marlow award.

In 2021, Stranks received the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Stuart R. Wenham Young Professional award. He was also awarded the Phillip Leverhulme Prize in Physics  and received the 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry Energy and Environmental Science Lectureship for his “contributions to the field of halide perovskite optoelectronics, including understanding carrier recombination, complex structure-function relationships and device performance”

In 2022, he was awarded the Stanisław Lem European Research Prize.

References 

1985 births
Living people
University of Adelaide alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Australian academics
Gbenga Komolafe. Gbenga Olu Komolafe (born 1963) is a Nigerian engineer, lawyer and petroleum and gas industry expert. Appointed in 2021, he currently serves as the pioneer chief executive officer of the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, NUPRC. He served at the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in various capacities including  as group general manager, Special Duties, group general manager, Crude Oil Marketing Division and executive director (commercial) Pipelines and Petroleum Marketing Company (PPMC). He is credited for formulating several strategic policies including electronic tracking of petroleum products distribution nationwide. Komolafe is a Fellow of Nigerian Society of Engineers and a member of the Nigerian Bar Association.

Background and education 
Gbenga Komolafe was born in 1963 in Igbara-Oke, Ifedore Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. He had his primary and secondary education in Ondo State before proceeding to University of Ilorin where he earned a bachelor's degree in engineering in 1987. He earned master's degrees in industrial and labour relations (M.I.L.R.) in 1995 and industrial and production engineering in 1998 from the University of Ibadan before enrolling at the University of Benin where he earned a law degree in 2006. He attended Nigerian Law School, Bwari, Abuja and was called to the Nigerian Bar in 2008. He attended International Petroleum Management Certificate Programme, Boston U.S.A and International Gas Business Management Certificate Programme, Offshore Training Conference (OTC), Houston, Texas. Komolafe is a member of the Nigerian Bar Association and a Fellow of Nigerian Society of Engineers and Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria (COREN).

Career 
Komolafe served in several policy making positions in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. From 2012 to 2014, he served as executive director (Commercial) Pipelines and Petroleum Marketing Company (PPMC) and was general manager operations Petroleum Equalization Fund where he introduced policies including electronic tracking of petroleum products for effective distribution to inner parts of the country. He was general manager, Operations of the Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA), group general manager, Crude Oil Marketing Division and group general manager, Special Duties at the NNPC. After the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) came into force in 2021, President Muhammadu Buhari nominated Komolafe as the pioneer chief executive officer of the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, NUPRC and was confirmed by the Senate in September same year.

References 

Living people
1963 births
Nigerian lawyers
Nigerian engineers
Nigerian Law School alumni
University of Ibadan alumni
University of Ilorin alumni