omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ambient backscatter. Ambient backscatter uses existing radio frequency signals, such as radio, television and mobile telephony, to transmit data without a battery or power grid connection.  Each such device uses an antenna to pick up an existing signal and convert it into tens to hundreds of microwatts of electricity.  It uses that power to modify and reflect the signal with encoded data. Antennas on other devices, in turn, detect that signal and can respond accordingly.

Initial implementations can communicate over several feet of distance, even if the transmission towers are up to  away. Transmission rates were 1k bits per second between devices situated  apart inside and  apart outside, sufficient to handle text messages or other small data sets. Circuit sizes can be as small as 1 sq. mm. Later implementation uses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, FM radio and LoRa transmissions. There exists technology to extend backscatter communication range up-to 3.4 kilometers while consuming 70 μW power at the backscatter tag.

This approach would let mobile and other devices communicate without being turned on. It would also allow unpowered sensors to communicate, allowing them to function in places where external power cannot be conveniently supplied.

In 2021, researchers integrated RF backscatter with Li-Fi to achieve greater range via PassiveLiFi.

See also 
 Backscatter

References

External links

 

Ambient Backscatter: Wireless Communication Out of Thin Air
Turbocharging Ambient Backscatter Communication
Ambient Backscatter

Survey of Ambient Backscatter

Wireless networking hardware
Wireless sensor network
Energy harvesting
Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant. The Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant is a Canadian nickel concentrate processing facility located in Long Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Operated by Vale Limited, construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014.  Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion.  Construction involved over 3,200 workers generating approximately 3,000 person-years of employment.  Operation of the plant will require approximately 475 workers.

Production began in July 2014, reported in November 2014. Vale's nickel processing plant in Long Harbour received its first major shipment from its Labrador mine in Voisey's Bay in May 2015.  As of that date,  a small proportion of the plant's raw materials came from Voisey's Bay but the majority were imported from Indonesia. A spokesman for Vale said 100 per cent of the Long Harbour facility's production materials will come from Voisey's Bay by early 2016.

Using the metal processing technology of hydrometallurgy, the plant is designed to produce  per year of finished nickel product, together with associated cobalt and copper products. The hydrometallurgy technology was piloted at a demonstration plant that opened in Argentia, Newfoundland and Labrador in 2004. This demonstration plant operated until 2008 and was instrumental in helping Vale decide to use the hydrometallurgy process for the Long Harbour processing plant.

A processing plant on Newfoundland was one of the requirements established by the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador in order to exploit the nickel deposit at the Voisey's Bay Mine in Labrador.  The bulk carrier MV Umiak I was one of several ice-strengthened bulk carriers built to transport nickel concentrate from Voisey's Bay to the Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant.

The Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant was built on a partially brownfield site near the port of Long Harbour. The facility consists of a wharf for offloading nickel ore concentrate from bulk carriers, crushing and grinding facilities, a main processing plant approximately  south of the port, a pipeline to supply process water, an effluent discharge pipe and diffuser, and a residue pipeline to a nearby disposal area.  The hydrometallurgical process in the plant will pressure-leach the nickel ore concentrate in acidic solutions to separate iron, sulfur and other impurities from nickel, copper and cobalt.

On June 11, 2018, Premier Dwight Ball announced Vale is moving forward with its underground mine at Voisey's Bay. Ball stated that the move will extend the mine's operating life by at least 15 years. First ore is expected by April 2021 with processing to take place in Long Harbour.

References

External links
 Vale Ltd: Voiseys Bay Development - Processing

Buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador
Metallurgical facilities
Vale S.A.
Cyrus Bagwadia. Cyrus Bagwadia (born 24 January 1947) is an Indian businessman.  He was a senior executive at Dupont India, and was the CEO of Essel Propack, an international lamitube producer.

Education 

Bagwadia completed his secondary education at St. Xaviers Boys Academy, and attained an undergraduate degree in Polymer Engineering. Later, he obtained his master's degree in Business Management.

Career 

Bagwadia started his career as a management trainee in 1968, with Voltas. In 1983, he left Voltas to start the Far East Division of Dupont in India. In 1989, he moved to Hong Kong, heading Dupont's regional office. When DuPont set up new Polymers plants in Singapore in 1992, Cyrus relocated to Singapore as Business Director Asia Pacific. In 1995, he left DuPont to join Essel Packaging Ltd. an Indian packaging company as its president and CEO, and was made the managing director in October, the same year.

Under Bagwadia's leadership Essel Packaging Ltd. expanded its manufacturing and sales, producing over 1 billion tubes annually. He oversaw setting plants in China in 1997 and an acquisition in Germany.

He oversaw the merger of Essel Packaging with Swiss-based Propack AG, which led to operations in South America, South East Asia and Europe. The newly formed Essel Propack had a global market share of over 30%. A first truly Indian Global company with such market share.

In 2002, he organized the setting up of a 60,000 sq. ft manufacturing facility in Danville, Virginia, for the manufacture of toothpaste tubes to supply P&G in North America, at a cost of 15 Million US Dollars.

Following his stint at Essel Propack, Bagwadia moved to Bilcare Research in 2004, where he served as a Director. He set a manufacturing operation in Singapore. He led an acquisition of a clinical research firm in USA.

In 2009, Bagwadia ran an Entrepreneurship Development program in association with the World Zarathushthi Chamber of Commerce,
guiding startups and entrepreneurs on building and sustaining businesses. He still mentors start up companies, on board and an advisor in companies in Mumbai and Pune.

References

External links 

1947 births
Living people
Marie-Joseph Farcot. Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot (1798–1875) was a French engineer, inventor and manufacturer, working mainly with steam engines. 
His son, Joseph Farcot, was also a noted inventor.

Early years

Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot was born in 1798. His father was Joseph Jean Chrysostome Farcot, a former teacher at the college of Juilly, Seine-et-Marne.
He was orphaned at a young age, and became an apprentice with Achille Colas and with Jecker, an expert maker of precision instruments. In 1820 he began work in the studio of Chaillot, where he learned steam engine construction. His training led him to create steam engines that were also precise instruments.

Manufacturer and inventor

In 1823 Farcot established a workshop on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Geneviève. In 1829 he received a bronze medal for two inventions, a variable-speed pump and a pump with two pistons in one body, giving a continuous jet. In 1834 he was awarded a silver medal for an olive oil press.
In 1836 Marie-Joseph Farcot patented the first method of steam distribution that gave almost complete variability to the regulator.
In 1839 he had transferred his workshop to the rue Moreau, and that year received another silver medal for an innovative steam engine with variable power.

In 1846 he transferred his metallurgical factory to Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, where he purchased land covering . 
The factory was accessible by railway branches from the north and the west. It mainly produced steam engines, but also made boilers, pumps and other products. 
The factory employed 145 workers in 1849, and 500 to 700 between 1872 and 1902.
Marie-Joseph Farcot worked with his son, Jean Joseph Léon Farcot, who obtained many patents for mechanical engineering inventions, notably the servomechanism.
Their company was called Farcot and Son.

In 1854 Marie-Joseph Farcot was awarded patents for two ways to modify Watt's governor so as to eliminate offset.
In 1857 Marie-Joseph Farcot  proposed a number of improvements to steam hammer design, including an arrangement so the steam acted from above, increasing the striking force, improved valve arrangements and the use of springs and material to absorb the shock and prevent breakage.
He and his son Jean Joseph obtained another governor patent in 1862, and in 1864 a patent for a spring-loaded governor.

Notes

Sources

1798 births
1875 deaths
19th-century French engineers
19th-century French inventors
Ding Yu Peng. Ding-Yu Peng is a professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan.
Under the direction of Donald B. Robinson, Peng introduced a two-parameter cubic equation of state now known as the Peng–Robinson equation of state during the 1970s while a research engineer.

Early life

Ding-Yu Peng was born in China sometime in 1943.

Education

Peng completed a degree in chemical engineering at the National Taiwan University in 1966. He studied for one year at Syracuse University during 1968-1969. Subsequently, he followed Leonard I. Stiel to the University of Missouri and obtained his PhD. in chemical engineering in 1973.

Work under Robinson

In late 1974, while working as a post-doctoral fellow under Robinson, the Natural Gas Processors Association requested a better gas model than was available at that time. Work on the Peng–Robinson equation of state was completed in 1975, and the results were published the following year.

Teaching

Peng taught thermodynamics and mass transfer at the University of Saskatchewan. He has been a Professor Emeritus since July 2021.

Awards

Peng earned a Doctor of Science degree in 2005. He was also the recipient of the 2006 Donald L. Katz Award by the Gas Processors Association. The award is for "outstanding accomplishments in gas processing research, and for excellence in engineering education."

References

Academic staff of the University of Saskatchewan
Taiwanese chemical engineers
National Taiwan University alumni
1943 births
Living people
Syracuse University alumni
University of Missouri alumni
Taiwanese expatriates in Canada
Taiwanese expatriates in the United States
Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter. The Common Affordable Lightweight Fighter (CALF) was a joint Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and United States Marine Corps (managed by the Naval Air Systems Command) project that ran from 1993 to 1994. Its aims were to harmonize requirements for a common aircraft that would meet the VSTOL or STOVL needs of the United States Marine Corps and the Royal Navy, while at the same time providing a common low-cost, low-maintenance fighter platform for the United States Air Force, Marine Corps, and foreign customers. The program was a continuation of the DARPA Advanced Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (ASTOVL) program and created at the suggestion of Lockheed with participation from McDonnell Douglas and Northrop, and was to be conducted in three phases that would culminate in the flight test demonstration of the preferred STOVL concept.

Because CALF appeared to align with the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) program charter, which aimed to develop and mature strike warfare technology for multiple services, it was merged with JAST after a year of technology validation; JAST, which would serve the United States Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy, became the Joint Strike Fighter in 1995, which resulted in the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.

See also
 Joint Strike Fighter

References

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
Military aircraft procurement programs of the United States
Hans van Vliet. Johannes Cornelis (Hans) van Vliet (born 12 September 1949, Mijdrecht) is a Dutch computer scientist and Professor Emeritus of Software Engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, known for his work in quantitative aspects of software engineering.

Van Vliet received his MA in Mathematics at the Vrije Universiteit, and in 1979 his PhD in Computer Science at the University of Amsterdam. After 1979 he started his career as researcher at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science), and in the year 1983-84 was visiting scientist at the IBM Research Laboratory in San Jose. Since 1987 he is professor of Software Engineering at the Vrije Universiteit. Since 2007 he is member of the IFIP WG 2.10, and chaired the ESEC/FSE conference on Software Engineering in 2009 in Amsterdam.

Publications 
Books, a selection:
 Hans van Vliet. Software engineering. Stenfert Kroese, 1988 (in Dutch) 
 Hans van Vliet. Software Engineering: Principles and Practice Wiley, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2007.

Articles, a selection:
 Hans van Vliet, Jaap Gordijn and Hans Akkermans. "Business modelling is not process modelling."  in: Conceptual modeling for e-business and the web. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. p. 40-51.
 Hans van Vliet, Hans de Bruin. "Scenario-based generation and evaluation of software architectures." in: Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. p. 128-139
 Hans van Vliet, PerOlof Bengtsson et al. "Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA)." in: Journal of Systems and Software Vol 69 (1), 2004. p. 129-147.
 Greefhorst, Danny, Henk Koning, and Hans van Vliet. "The many faces of architectural descriptions." Information Systems Frontiers 8.2 (2006): 103–113.
 Hans van Vliet, Philippe Kruchten and Patricia Lago. "Building up and reasoning about architectural knowledge." in: Quality of Software Architectures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. p. 43-58.
 Hans van Vliet, Remco C. de Boer. "On the similarity between requirements and architecture". in: Journal of Systems and Software Vol 82 (3). 2009. p. 544-550.

References

External links 

 

1949 births
Living people
Dutch computer scientists
Academic staff of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam alumni
University of Amsterdam alumni
People from De Ronde Venen
Culture and Science City. The Culture & Science City (مدينة الثقافة و العلوم) is a gathering of private higher institutes of education in Egypt, composed of ten specialized higher institutes all recognized by the Supreme Council of Egyptian universities. Its institutes contain nearly thirty scientific departments in various disciplines, including engineering, administration, and the humanities.

Programmes
The Culture and Science City has two campuses; the first is located in 6th of October city, and the second campus in a Sheraton hotel. The component institutions are distributed thus:

6 October Campus 
 Higher Institute of Engineering
 Higher Institute for Mass media and Communication Techniques;
 Higher Institute for Computer science and Information systems;
 Higher Institute of Languages;
 Higher Institute of Administrative Sciences;
 Higher Institute of Economics and Environment;
 Higher Institute for Social work;

Sheraton Campus
 Higher Institute for Optics Technology;
 Egyptian Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotels;
 Higher Institute for Languages - (Sheraton Buildings).

External links

References

Universities in Egypt
6th of October (city)
Educational institutions established in 1994
1994 establishments in Egypt
Voisin VI. The Voisin VI or Voisin Type 6 was a French pusher biplane bomber aircraft of World War I.

Development history
The first Voisin Type VI entered service in 1916 and replaced the Voisin III on the production lines. However, the Voisin  (as they were referred to at the Western Front) Salmson engines were held in low regard by their crews. Despite the more powerful engine, the Voisin Type VIs' payload was only marginally better and the maximum speed was only  - not enough of an improvement to make a difference, while climb rate suffered substantially.

A single Voisin Type VI was fitted with a second Salmson in the nose of the fuselage, driving a tractor propeller. It is believed that the intention was to test a possible twin pusher and tractor propeller configuration for a new bomber planned by Voisin.

Operational use
Approximately 50 Voisin Type VIs were built, and these served alongside the Voisin Type IIIs in front-line escadrilles during 1916.

Operators

French Air Force

Specifications

References

1910s French bomber aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
06
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Biplanes
Brain technology. Brain technology, or self-learning know-how systems, defines a technology that employs latest findings in neuroscience. [see also neuro implants] The term was first introduced by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland, in the context of the Roboy project. Brain Technology can be employed in robots, know-how management systems and any other application with self-learning capabilities. In particular, Brain Technology applications allow the visualization of the underlying learning architecture often coined as "know-how maps".

Research and applications

The first demonstrations of BC in humans and animals took place in the 1960s when Grey Walter demonstrated use of non-invasively recorded encephalogram (EEG) signals from a human subject to control a slide projector (Graimann et al., 2010). 

Soon after Jacques J. Vidal coined the term brain–computer interface (BCI) in 1971, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) first starting funding brain–computer interface research and has since funded several brain–computer interface projects. That market is expected to reach a value of $1.72 billion by 2022. Brain–computer interfaces record brain activity, transmit the information out of the body, signal-process the data via algorithms, and convert them into command control signals. 

In 2012, a landmark study in Nature, led by pioneer Leigh Hochberg, MD, PhD, demonstrated that two people with tetraplegia were able to control robotic arms through thought when connected to the BrainGate neural interface system.  The two participants were able to reach for and grasp objects in three-dimensional space, and one participant used the system to serve herself coffee for the first time since becoming paralyzed nearly 15 years prior.

And in October 2020, two patients were able to wirelessly control an operating system to text, email, shop and bank using direct thought through the Stentrode brain computer interface (Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery) in a study led by Thomas Oxley. This was the first time a brain–computer interface was implanted via the patient's blood vessels, eliminating the need for open brain surgery.

Currently a number of groups are exploring a range of experimental devices using brain–computer interfaces, which have the potential to fundamentally change the way of life for patients with paralysis and a wide range of neurological disorders. These include: as Elon Musk, Facebook, and the University of California in San Francisco. The systems This technology is also being explored as a neuromodulation device and may ultimately help diagnose and treat a range of brain pathologies, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease

References

Artificial intelligence
Starmind International. Starmind is an artificial intelligence software company based in Zürich, Switzerland. The Starmind software builds custom knowledge networks within large organizations to connect employees with the information and knowledge they're looking for in real-time.

Product and technology
The Starmind software was developed with the intention to provide employees answers from top experts within their company, on any subject. The Software uses self-learning algorithms to build company expertise networks.

These algorithms use neuroscientific principles, such as Hebbian Learning. Founder Pascal Kaufmann has stated his goal is to create machines which work like the human brain.

The software identifies experts within a network and connects them to employees in need of that expertise via a text based interface.

History 
Starmind was founded by Pascal Kaufmann and Marc Vontobel at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Zurich in 2010. The algorithm was developed using insights from artificial intelligence and neuroscientific research from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich and is based on virtual neural tissue and self-learning neural networks studies.

In 2012, Siemens called Starmind a "company to watch",  which resulted in extensive media coverage.
In 2013, Starmind was nominated for various awards in Switzerland as well as abroad.

Offices
Starmind has offices in Switzerland, Germany and the United States of America. The company is headquartered in Küsnacht, Switzerland.

See also 
 Abionic
 ServiceHunter

References

Software companies of Switzerland
Companies based in Zurich
Swiss companies established in 2010
Analytical Performance Modeling. Analytical Performance Modeling is a method to model the behaviour of a system in a spreadsheet. It is used in Software performance testing. It allows evaluation of design options and system sizing based on actual or anticipated business usage. It is therefore much faster and cheaper than performance testing, though it requires thorough understanding of the hardware platforms.

The Model
The model is fed with measurements of transaction resource demands (CPU, disk I/O, LAN, WAN), weighted by the transaction-mix (business transactions per unit of time). The weighted transaction resource demands are added-up to obtain the resource demands and divided by the resource capacity to obtain the resource loads. Changes in response time can also be predicted by the model. For example, in a simple case with a single resource, the response time formula: R=S/(1-U) where R=response_time, S=service_time, U=utilization, will calculate the response time as the utilization of that resource varies between 0=0% busy to 1=100% busy. This formula is a good approximation of the more complex math of queueing theory and requires adjustment when dealing with multiple resources.

References

See also

 Roofline model

Software testing
Software optimization
Polaris AM-FIB. The Polaris AM-FIB ("Amphibious Flying Inflatable Boat") is an Italian amphibious flying boat ultralight trike, that was designed and produced by Polaris Motor of Gubbio. The aircraft was introduced in 2003 and was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The AM-FIB was developed from the Polaris FIB as a result of customer demand. It was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, retractable tricycle landing gear mounted to its inflatable boat hull and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft's single surface wing is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing and covered in Dacron sailcloth. The  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine. The main landing gear is extended and retracted with a manual crank, while the nose gear uses a catch-and-rope mechanism.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Specifications (AM-FIB)

References

External links 

2000s Italian sport aircraft
2000s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes