omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Henry Pratt Company. Henry Pratt Company is an American manufacturing company located in Aurora, Illinois.

History
The company was incorporated on November 1, 1901 as the Henry Pratt Boiler and Machine Company. The founder Henry Pratt was named as president and treasurer. It was located at 875 S. Halsted Street in Chicago in a building that housed the office, machine shop and boiler shop. The company provided 16 inch valves for the first electric generating station of any significant size in the city of Chicago, which was built by the Commonwealth Edison Company in 1903.

Henry Pratt Company's main corporate office from mid-sixties was at 401 S, Highland Ave, Aurora IL 60506. Following are recent corporate events:

 1989 - Leveraged buyout by officers of the company with financing by Bank of Boston
 1991 - Henry Pratt Co. is acquired by Watts Industries
 1997 - Henry Pratt Co. is sold to Tyco International, starts operating as business unit of Mueller Company. 
 1999 - Tyco International sold Mueller Co. to DLJ Merchant Banking Partners.
 2005 - Walter Industries purchases Mueller Water Products, parent company of Mueller Co. 
 2006 - Mueller Water Products is spun off as a new business via IPO
 2006-2021 Henry Pratt Co. continues to operate as 'specialty valve' segment of Mueller Water Products with addition of newly acquired flow-control businesses: Hydro Gate 2001, Milliken Valve 2003, Pratt Industrial 2014, Lined Valve Company 2015, Singer Valve 2018.
 2020 - A phased consolidation of manufacturing plants of Henry Pratt into a modern newly built plant at Kimball,TN is announced.
 2022 - Henry Pratt Company office as well as manufacturing plant in Aurora, IL close on March 31, 2022; Pratt and other branded products now ship to customers from Tennessee.

2019 shooting

On February 15, 2019 during a termination meeting, employee Gary Martin began shooting with a handgun at staff. The shooting was reported at 1:24 p.m. (CT) (19:24 UTC), with first officers arriving four minutes later. Local police were assisted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and the United States Marshals Service. The shooter exchanged gunfire with law enforcement officers for about 90 minutes. Five people were killed, and five police officers and a civilian were injured. The perpetrator was killed by law enforcement officers.

References

External links

Manufacturing companies established in 1901
1901 establishments in Illinois
Manufacturing companies based in Illinois
American companies established in 1901
Economy of Aurora, Illinois
List of scientific demonstrations. This is a list of scientific demonstrations used in educational demonstrations and popular science lectures.

Physics 
 Balsa wood bridge — demonstrates compressive strength and tensile strength, teaches engineering thinking
 Egg drop competition — demonstrates compressive strength, teaches engineering thinking
 Hand boiler — demonstrates vapour-liquid equilibrium and simple heat engine principles
 Newton's cradle — demonstrates elastic collision, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy
 Gauss gun
 Plate trick or Dirac belt trick —  demonstrates spinors and the double cover of SO(3) by SU(2)
 Prince Rupert's Drop  — demonstrates supercooling and tensile stress
 Self-siphoning beads — demonstrates momentum, energy and inertia
 Water rocket — demonstrates conservation of momentum, conservation of energy, the gas laws and basic rocketry
 Franklin bells — demonstrate electric charges
 Oxford Electric Bell — an experimental electric bell that was set up in 1840 and which has run nearly continuously ever since
 Wimshurst machine — an electrostatic generator
 Shooting a candle through a plank 
 Foucault pendulum — demonstrates the rotation of Earth

Chemistry 
 Ammonia fountain — introduces concepts like solubility and the gas laws at entry level.
 Barking dog reaction — demonstrates rapid exothermic chemical reaction
 Blue bottle (chemical reaction) — demonstrates reduction and oxidation reactions, and chemical colour change
 Chemical garden 
 Diet Coke and Mentos eruption — demonstrates bubble nucleation
 Dry ice color show
 Elephant toothpaste
 Fizz keeper
 Flame test
 Magic sand — demonstrates hydrophobic substances
 Mercury beating heart — demonstrates electrochemical redox reaction. and an effect of a non-homogeneous electrical double layer
 Screaming jelly babies — demonstrates the energy within candy
 Using liquid nitrogen to shatter a rose
 Detonating a cloud of flour

Science-related lists
IZBAN E22000. The E22000 is an electric multiple unit built by CAF for use on the İZBAN commuter rail system. 33 sets of 3 train cars were built between 2010–11 and have been operating along the İZBAN line in İzmir since 2010. The 22000 series EMUs are powered by 25 kV AC via overhead catenary. Each 3 car set cost €3.7 million each.

References

Turkish railways electric multiple units
İZBAN
Train-related introductions in 2010

CAF multiple units
25 kV AC multiple units
Plastic joining. Plastic joining is the method of joining semi-finished products of plastic materials together or to other materials as a fabrication process or damage repair. Joining methods can be classified into three categories:

 Mechanical fastening,
 Adhesive bonding,
 Welding.

Mechanical fastening

Mechanical fastening methods can offer an advantage of disassembly, but have drawbacks arising from stress concentrations, galvanic corrosion, mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients, etc. which rivets, screws and ropes can introduce (see fasteners).

Adhesive bonding

Adhesive bonding, which involves a chemical process where a substance is used to create a bond between two materials, is problematic because of extensive surface preparation, long curing time, the difficulty of bonding adhesive materials to plastics, etc.

Welding

Welding can eliminate these shortcomings largely, but its applications are restricted to thermoplastics.

See also
 Adhesive bonding
 Mechanical fasteners
 Plastic welding
 Rheological weldability for plastics
 Weldability
 Welding

References

Plastics
Microleve ML 450. The Microleve ML 450 (sometimes ML450) is a Brazilian microlight aircraft that was designed and produced by Microleve of Rio de Janeiro. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft features a strut-braced parasol wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration open or optionally enclosed cockpit, cruciform tail, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a small tail skid, and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum tubing and composites, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing mounts flaps and has a wing area of . The wing is supported by "V" struts, jury struts and cabane struts. The acceptable power range is  and the standard engines used are the  Rotax 503,  Rotax 582 or the  Rotax 618 powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 250 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 250 aircraft were completed and flying.

Even though the aircraft was marketed in the United States, by January 2014 no examples were registered with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (ML 450)

References

External links
Photo of an ML 450 in flight

ML 450
1990s Brazilian sport aircraft
1990s Brazilian ultralight aircraft
1990s Brazilian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
INS Sumedha. INS Sumedha (P58) is the third  of the Indian Navy, designed and constructed indigenously by the Goa Shipyard Limited.  It is designed to undertake fleet support operations, coastal and offshore patrolling, ocean surveillance and monitoring of sea lines of communications and offshore assets and escort duties.

Construction
The Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel INS Sumedha was launched at Goa Shipyard on 21 May 2011, and was handed over to the Indian Navy on 11 March 2014.

Service History 
On 29 March 2024, INS Sumedha intercepted an Iranian fishing vessel FV Al-Kambar 786 which was hijacked by nine armed pirates 90 nautical miles off the coast of Socotra islands, Yemen in Indian Ocean. The ship was later joined by INS Trishul (F43). The crew, consisting of 23 Pakistani nationals, were rescued in a 12-hour long operation. The pirates were later brought to Mumbai on April 3rd, where they will be held facing legal action for their crimes.

On 30 April 2024, INS Sumedha responded promptly to a distress call and provided critical medical aid to a Pakistani crew member aboard an Iranian fishing vessel, Al Rahmani, from a near drowning situation of one of its crew members.

Gallery

See also

References

External links

Patrol vessels of the Indian Navy
2011 ships
Ships built in India
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority. The Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (or SLSEA) is the primary body responsible for the issuance of licenses for sustainable energy developments in Sri Lanka. In addition to being the key licence provider, it is also the organization responsible for promoting renewable energy and sustainable developments in the country.

See also 
 Ceylon Electricity Board
 Electricity in Sri Lanka
 List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka
 List of power stations in Sri Lanka

References 

Electric power in Sri Lanka
Government agencies of Sri Lanka
Sustainable energy
Energy regulatory authorities
Regulation in Sri Lanka
Merrimack Associates Building. The Merrimack Associates Building is a historic factory building at 25 Locust Avenue in Haverhill, Massachusetts.  The eight-story brick building, built in 1913, is one of a few industrial buildings to survive redevelopment of the area north of Haverhill's main business district.  It was designed by architect Damon Brothers, who also designed the nearby Haverhill Board of Trade Building.  Both of these buildings were built as essentially speculative ventures to provide factory space for small businesses associated with the shoe manufacturing business that dominated Haverhill's economy in the first few decades of the 20th century.  By the 1940s the building was occupied by other tenants, most notably Western Electric, which occupied the entire building in 1946.  Ownership of the building came to the Hamel family in 1943, which owned the building through a series of trusts until 1986.  The property has since been rehabilitated and converted to residential use.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Haverhill, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
Industrial buildings completed in 1913
1913 establishments in Massachusetts
Makers Academy. Makers Academy (Makers) is a 16-week coding bootcamp in London, England. It was founded by Rob Johnson and Evgeny Shadchnev in December 2012.

Programme
Makers Academy (Makers) teaches students with varying levels of prior experience computer programming and the fundamentals of web development. The program aims to help students develop skills to secure a role as a junior developer upon graduation. The course covers professional web development technologies such as Ruby on Rails, HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, SQL, Ajax and softer skills, including Object-oriented design, Test Driven Development, Agile Methodology and version control with Git. The main course is preceded by a 4-week, part-time, online 'pre-course', as a prerequisite. The selective application process encourages applications from students with significant prior experience. The boot camp offers a limited number of free places to those who cannot afford to pay the usual £8,500 fee (US$8,300) through scholarships, funded by the Department for Education's Skills Bootcamp programme.

The program adopts a "learn by doing" approach, achieved largely through self-directed, project-based work. Students are encouraged to work in pairs on practical coding challenges, completing weekly tests, which culminates in a final project which is presented to hiring partners on "Demo Day". The organization claims to support 100% of its graduates into jobs, though data to verify this claim is not publicly available. Students who have graduated are often put forward for roles by the Academy, which has relationships with employers like Marks & Spencer, Sky, The Financial Times and Deloitte Digital.

Reception
Makers Academy has been featured on Sky News, in The Guardian, The Independent, Tech City News, Forbes, MadeInShoreditch, ComputerWeekly, StartupBook, and TechWeekEurope.

References

External links
 Makers Academy Site
 Makers Academy on Twitter

Education in the London Borough of Islington
Computer programming
Training programs
Bismuth(III) nitrate. Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate. It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds. It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.

Preparation and reactions
Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid.

 Bi + 4HNO3 →  Bi(NO3)3   + 2H2O + NO

It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.

It is also soluble in acetone, acetic acid and glycerol but practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.

Some uses in organic synthesis have been reported for example the nitration of aromatic compounds and selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.

Bismuth nitrate forms insoluble complexes with pyrogallol and cupferron and these have been the basis of gravimetric methods of determining bismuth content.

On heating bismuth nitrate can decompose forming nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

Structure 
The crystal form is triclinic, and contains 10 coordinate Bi3+, (three bidentate nitrate ions and four water molecules).

References

Bismuth nitrate
Nitrates
Horde3D. Horde3D is an open-source cross-platform graphics engine. Its purpose and design is similar to that of OGRE with the primary goal being lightweight for next-generation video games. The engine is also particularly suited for large crowd simulations. The engine is also compatible with GLFW. The major part of the graphics engine was originally written for the indie group pyropix and development is now continued at the University of Augsburg.

Design 
The engine is primarily designed for an object-oriented approach to scene rendering. It also features a Scene Editor that can design shaders with support for plugins including physics. The engine was originally built on top of OpenGL 2.0 A plugin to use the engine with the Bullet Physics API also exists.

Languages 
The engine contains a number of bindings to various languages including C#, Java, Python, Lua, Squirrel, GML (GMHorde3D)

Games using the engine 
The following commercial games use the Horde3D engine:

References

External links 
 
 
 
 

Game engines for Linux
IOS video game engines
Mono project applications
Video game engines
Software using the Eclipse Public License
1971 RAF Hercules crash. On 9 November 1971, a Royal Air Force Lockheed Hercules C.1 crashed into the sea off the coast of Livorno by Meloria shoal, Italy, killing all 46 passengers and 6 crew. At the time it was described by Italian officials as the worst military air disaster in Italy in peacetime.

Crash
The Hercules serial number XV216, from RAF Lyneham in Wiltshire, was due to carry out an early morning parachute drop at Cagliari, Sardinia, as part of a large-scale joint training exercise called Coldstream. Ten aircraft were to be involved; nine Hercules and one Hawker Siddeley Andover. Their order of takeoff was marked by a serial number, chalked onto the fuselage of each aircraft. The Hercules known as Chalk 4 was the fourth of the 10 aircraft due to depart at fifteen-minute intervals from San Giusto military airport in Pisa, Italy. The aircraft crashed near the Meloria rocks, four miles west of Livorno. At Pisa, the stream take-off was cancelled, another four aircraft had followed XV216 into the air but the last two were prevented from departing.

All 52 on board were killed, they included five British aircrew from 24 Squadron, a British parachute jumping instructor from No. 1 Parachute Training School at RAF Abingdon and 46 Italian paratroopers from the Folgore Parachute Brigade.

Recovery
It was at first difficult to find the wreckage due to a persistent wind and low clouds. The wreckage was found lying in  of water, although small fragments had already been recovered, the salvage operation, which was hindered by the bad weather, was led by the Italian Navy. The cause of the accident was not found.

Memorial

A memorial plaque was erected in Livorno in 2003 to commemorate the accident.  On 21 November 2006, a memorial service was held in Pisa, attended by a delegation from No. 24 Squadron, current operators of the C-130J Hercules, and relatives of the lost crew members.

Notes

I: Five of the ten aircraft were from the Royal Air Force.

References

Sources

Falciglia, Aldo (November/December 2011). "Gesso quattro non-risponde" – La sciagura alle secche della Meloria. Folgore (Associazione Nazionale Paracadutisti d'Italia) (Nos. 11–12)

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1971
Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy
1971 in Italy
Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Accidents and incidents involving Royal Air Force aircraft
November 1971 in Europe
IIL IS-9. The IIL IS-9 was a low powered, experimental pod and boom style motor glider, designed and built in Romania in the late 1950s.

Design and development
From about 1950 to his death in February 1981, Iosif Silimon was Romania's most prominent glider designer, his aircraft distinguished by his initials. Over that time he also designed a few powered aircraft, of which the IS-9 motor glider was the first built by IIL, flying for the first time on 2 July 1958.  Its layout had much in common with the IS-5 pod and boom glider, but as well as the engine the IS-9 had a new and shorter span wing and a tricycle undercarriage.

The new high wing of the IS-9 had a span of only  and was mounted with a dihedral of 2.5°.  In plan it had a rectangular centre section, extending to about mid-span, with straight-tapered outer panels.  The wing sections were the same NACA ones used on the IS-7 and IS-8 gliders. It was of wooden construction with a single wooden spar and a plywood-covered torsion box from the spar forward around the leading edge.  Behind the spar the wing was fabric covered.  There were fabric-over-ply-covered wooden slotted ailerons which occupied all the trailing edge of the outer panels. The wing tips carried the small, streamlined bodies known as salmons which were common at the time.

The deep oval section pod of the IS-9 was a sheet metal monocoque.  Its single-seat cockpit was ahead of the wing leading edge, enclosed by a smoothly contoured, two-piece, side-opening perspex canopy.  Rectangular, fuselage side-mounted airbrakes were positioned under the wing.  They each had an area of , larger than those on the IS-5.  The pod ended abruptly under the trailing edge, with a  engine of unknown make in the rear driving a small-diameter, two-blade propeller.  The fixed tricycle undercarriage was mounted on the bottom of the pod, with small wheels and a narrow track.

Like the IS-5, the IS-9 had a steel tube boom and a very similar empennage to that of the glider. Its ply covered fin extended both above and below the boom, carrying a fabric covered, rounded, equally deep unbalanced rudder, broad at its heel.  The fin also mounted a straight edged, ply-covered tailplane placed just above the boom which carried rounded elevators, mass balanced by a bob weight inside the fuselage, with gaps at their roots to clear the fin and a small cutout for rudder movement; the elevators were fabric-covered-over-ply skins like the ailerons and had a starboard-side trim tab.

The IS-9 was intended as an experimental aircraft, not for production. It was modified and renamed as the IS-9A in 1960, though no details of the alterations are known.  Testing continued into at least the early 1960s.

Specifications

References

Motor gliders
1950s Romanian civil aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
John Randall (shipbuilder). John Randall (1755–1802) was an English shipbuilder.

Life
The son of John Randall, shipbuilder of Rotherhithe, he had a liberal education, and on the death of his father, around 1776, continued the shipbuilding business under his own management. He also worked on mathematics, and naval construction.

In addition to many ships which he built for the mercantile marine and for the East India Company, Randall built over 50 naval vessels. They included 74-gun ships and large frigates, among them being HMS Audacious, HMS Ramillies, and HMS Culloden, noted in the French Revolutionary Wars. He took a prominent part in founding the Society of Naval Architects.

On the Peace of Amiens, Randall lowered his rates of pay from the wartime level, and his men went out on strike. The Admiralty permitted him to take on workmen from the Deptford dockyard, and offered a military force to protect them, which was turned down. The Deptford men were prevented from working in his yard; and some violence occurred. At this point Randall died, at his house in Great Cumberland Street, Hyde Park, on 23 August 1802. He left a widow and family.

Notes

Attribution

1755 births
1802 deaths
English shipbuilders
Field Deployable Hydrolysis System. The Field Deployable Hydrolysis System (FDHS) is a transportable, high throughput neutralization system developed by the U.S. Army for converting chemical warfare material into compounds not usable as weapons.

Operation
Neutralization is facilitated through chemical reactions involving reagents that are mixed and heated to increase destruction efficiency, which is rated at 99.9 percent.

The transportable FDHS is a self-contained system that includes power generators and a laboratory.  Operational inputs include consumable materials such as water, reagents and fuel.  It is designed to be set up within 10 days and is equipped with redundant critical systems. An on-site a crew of 15 trained personnel, including SME support, is needed for each shift of a possible 24-hour operational cycle.

Development

A 20-week design and development phase was funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency in February 2013. The effort to develop a functional prototype was led by subject-matter experts from the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) in partnership with the United States Army Chemical Materials Agency. An operational model was developed over the course of six months, with the participation of 50 ECBC employees.

Deployment
Two of these units were deployed on the  for use in the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons.  They are the "centerpiece" of the disarmament effort. The United Kingdom gave the United States £2.5 million of specialist equipment and training to enable the highest-priority chemicals to be processed more quickly.

References

Chemical weapons demilitarization
Chemical warfare
 United States Army vehicles