omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Victor Alexander Lowinger. Victor Alexander Lowinger  (26 January 1879 - 9 August 1957) was a British surveyor who served as the fourth Surveyor-General of the Federated Malay States, from 1922 to 1933. 

Victor Alexander Lowinger was born on 26 January 1879 in London, the son of Charles Lowinger, a civil engineer. In 1890, at the age of eleven, his family moved to South Africa, where he received his education at Pietermaritzburg, Natal and at the South African College, Cape Town. He worked at the Royal Observatory in Cape Town, under the supervision of Sir David Gill, from 1895 to 1904. He qualified as a land surveyor in 1901 at the Cape and in 1902 in the Transvaal, for the next two years, 1904 to 1906, he worked in the survey department of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, as their expert in trigonometry.

In 1906 he travelled to Malaya, joining the Survey Department. In 1912 he took charge of the Trigonometrical Branch of the Survey Department. He was appointed the Surveyor-General of the Federated Malay States on 27 July 1922, retiring from office on 4 June 1933.

He was granted a Commander of the British Empire in the 1932 New Year Honours, for his services as Surveyor-General in the Federated Malay States and Straits Settlement.

Following his retirement he took up the role of the Malayan Agent in London, relinquishing the position on 20 December 1939. Lowinger also held positions on the International Tin Committee, International Tin Research Committee, International Rubber Regulation Committee, and the Perak River Hydro-Electric Power Company.

He died on 9 August 1957 in Kensington, England.

References 

1879 births
1957 deaths
English surveyors
British people in British Malaya
British expatriates in the Colony of Natal
British people in the Cape Colony
J. Arthur Reavell. James Arthur Reavell (10 June 1872—26 August 1973) M.I.Mech.E., M.I.Chem.E., F.Inst.F., F.I.M. was a British chemical engineer, who created a major company and was one of the founders and a president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.

Life
Reavell was born 10 June 1872 in Alnwick, the son of George and Martha Reavell.  He attended Alnwick Grammar School and Silcoates School.
He married Emma Mabel Clowes on 24 May 1898, and they had two sons, and one daughter. After her death, he married Winifred E. Haydon on 16 August 1941.  One of his sons, Brian Noble Reavell, was also a chemical engineer, and took over as chairman when he retired from his business in 1960.

He died 26 August 1973.

Career
He wanted to be a chemist, but instead served an apprenticeship in electrical engineering, and had several positions, rising to be manager for the European operations of an American chemical engineering company Worthington Pumps then manager of Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd., dealing with sugar refining, of which a particular aspect is evaporation. In 1907 he set up his own company Kestner Evaporator and Engineering Co., to deal with the British and Empire market of an improved design of evaporator patented by his friend, French inventor Paul Kestner.
During the First World War his engineering expertise was applied to solving the shortage of explosives in a team headed by Lord Moulton.
He continued as Chairman of Kestner until 1960, when he stepped down in favour of his son, Brian, but continued as president until 1963.  The company made a variety of chemical plants with subsidiaries in Australia and South Africa.

Institutions
As Chairman of the Chemical Engineering Group of the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) he was one of the small group of enthusiasts who founded the Institution of Chemical Engineers, becoming its President 1929.  He continued to be active in the SCI, being vice-president from 1931 to 1934.

He was also a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers; a Fellow of Institute of Fuel; and a Fellow, Institute of Metals; Chairman of the British Chemical Plant Manufacturers' Association; Chairman of the chemical engineering industry section of the British Standards Institute; and President of the Combustion Appliance Manufacturer's Association from which he formed the British Coal Utilisation Research Association, and was its vice-president.

References

British chemical engineers
People from Alnwick
Institution of Chemical Engineers
1872 births
1973 deaths
Chen Jingxiong. Chen Jingxiong (16 October 1921 – 16 March 2022) was a Chinese engineer specializing in electromagnetism and microwave technology, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography 
Chen was born in Zhenhai County (now Zhenhai District of Ningbo), Zhejiang, on 16 October 1921. In 1943, he was accepted to Utopia University, graduating in 1947 with a bachelor's degree. He went on to receive his master's degree in 1950 at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

In January 1950, he served in the Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications for a year before joining the Institute of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications. He became deputy director of the 5th Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in January 1957 and deputy director of the No. 23 Institute of the 2nd Academy of the 7th Ministry of Machinery in January 1965. In January 1980, he moved to the 2nd Research Institute of Aerospace Industry Corporation.

On 16 March 2022, Chen Jingxiong died from an illness in Beijing, at the age of 100.

Honours and awards 
 1985 State Technological Invention Award (First Class)
 1995 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References 

1921 births
2022 deaths
People from Ningbo
Engineers from Zhejiang
Utopia University alumni
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
Academic staff of Beihang University
Physicists from Zhejiang
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Chinese men centenarians
20th-century Chinese engineers
Josiah W. Bissell. Col. Josiah Wolcott Bissell (May 12, 1818 – November 30, 1891) was a Union Army officer during the American Civil War that commanded the Engineer Regiment of the West.

Biography 
Bissell was born in Rochester, New York on May 12, 1818 to a man of the same name who was an early settler of Rochester.

Before the onset of the American Civil War, Bissell worked in banking as well as architectural engineering. He married Julia Wolcott Hooker, a descendent of Thomas Hooker, who was also from Rochester, on July 12, 1844.

On May 28, 1861 Bissell was made colonel and would come to lead what would be known as the Engineer Regiment of the West. He had proposed the idea of the regiment to Major General John C. Frémont in July 1861 in response to the lack of engineers and mechanics in the western theater.

During the war, Bissell's regiment would get attached to Gen. Pope's army as well as work along the Mississippi river, even superintending the construction of the canal that allowed Union gunboats to enter the Battle of Island Number Ten.

Despite receiving numerous accolades and participating in both the Siege of Corinth and the Vicksburg Campaign, Bissell's nomination to the rank of Brigadier General in April 1862 was tabled by the U.S. Senate. His subordinates described his manner as tyrannical and superiors, such as then Major General Ulysses S. Grant who believed he leaked information to the Memphis Press in April 1863, disliked Bissell. Rather than receiving a promotion, he was the target of several unproven charges.

In 1863, with the threat of an insubordination charge and dishonorable discharge looming over him, Bissell submitted his resignation, in protest of what he considered was mistreatment by his superiors, which was accepted June 2 of that year.

Bissell moved to Cincinnati following the war, later settling in Boston.

Bissell died in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on November 30, 1891. He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery.

References 

1818 births
1891 deaths
Military personnel from Rochester, New York
Businesspeople from Rochester, New York
19th-century American engineers
American military engineers
American bankers
Union army colonels
Svetlana Zaginaichenko. Svetlana Yurievna Zaginaichenko (, ; 10 August 1957 - 23 November 2015) was a Ukrainian solid state physicist. She studied the physical properties of carbon materials and their application to hydrogen energy storage. She was a nominee for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work in studying fullerenes.

Education 
Zaginaichenko earned a physics degree with honors from Oles Honchar Dnipro National University in 1979.

In 1984, Zaginaichenko defended her dissertation on the physical properties of hexagonally-structured and interstitial alloys at Dnipro Metallurgical Institute, earning the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (which is the Soviet equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy). Her thesis focused on hexagonal close-packed structures and developed theories for impurity solubility, interstitial atom kinetics, and magnetism of such alloys.

Career 
From 4 November 1995 until her death in 2015, Zaginaichenko was a leading researcher at the Department for Hydrogen Materials and Carbon Nanostructures at the Institute for Problems of Materials Sciences at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. She was one of the founding members of the Association of Hydrogen Energy in Ukraine (AHEU), which was formed with the support of Turhan Nejat Veziroglu, the president of the International Association of Hydrogen Energy. She was also part of the organizing committee for the International Conference of Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems.

She was nominated for the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work in studying the physical structure of fullerenes and proving that they have three main configurations (isomers). However, she died before the 2016 announcement of the prize, so even if the prize committee had chosen to honor this contribution, the prize's rules against posthumous awards would have prevented her from winning it.

Awards 

 Yangel Award, State Space Agency of Ukraine and the Federation of Cosmonautics of Ukraine - October 1994
 Kondratyuk Medal, State Space Agency of Ukraine and the Federation of Cosmonautics of Ukraine - 23 December 1995

See also 
Fullerene
Hydrogen fuel
Turhan Nejat Veziroğlu

References

External links 
Zaginaichenko Svetlana Yu. by National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
 Загінайченко Світлана Юріївна by Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine

Works by Zaginaichenko, S. Yu (Svetlana Yu.) by WorldCat
Institute for Problems of Materials Science at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
International Conference of Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems

Ukrainian women physicists
Condensed matter physicists
20th-century Ukrainian physicists
1957 births
2015 deaths
Oles Honchar Dnipro National University alumni
Scientists from Kyiv
Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Shahjahan Mahmood. Shahjahan Mahmood is a Bangladeshi technocrat and chairman of the Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited. He is the former chairman of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission.

Early life 
Mahmood completed his undergraduate studies in engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. He completed his master's degree in operation research and PhD in systems engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Career 
Mahmood was a systems engineer at Marine Corps Base Quantico and later at Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center from 2004 to 2012.

On 24 September 2015, Mahmood was appointed chairman of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission replacing Sunil Kanti Bose. Initially Iqbal Mahmood was appointed chairman of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission but that decision was cancelled within a week and was replaced by Shahjahan Mahmood. He briefly blocked Facebook, Viber, and WhatsApp in Bangladesh.

In March 2017, Mahmood announced he was ready to shut down Facebook in Bangladesh if instructed by the government. He recommended that the government terminate Golam Razzaque, director of Bangabandhu-1 satellite, which the government did. He left the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission in 2018 and was replaced by Md Jahirul Haque.

As chairman of the Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited, Mahmood oversaw the launch of Bangabandhu-1, the first satellite of Bangladesh.

References 

Living people
Bangladeshi civil servants
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Damchae Dem. Damchae Dem is a businessperson and entrepreneur from Bhutan, who is CEO of Pelden Enterprise Limited, the first company to produce steel in Bhutan, and is president of the Bhutan Association of Women Entrepreneurs.

Career 
Born into poverty, her first business venture was cooking potato chips to sell locally. She attended High School at St. Helens Convent in Kurseong. She founded Pelden in the 1990s and in 2006 it became the first company in Bhutan to manufacture steel. The company exports ferrosilicon to Malaysia, Dubai, Singapore and Bangladesh. As of 2021 she was the CEO of Pelden Enterprise Limited.

In 2010 she founded the Bhutan Association of Women Entrepreneurs (BAOWE), and as of 2021 she was its president. In 2016 the organisation's work was formally recognised by the King of Bhutan with the award of the National Order of Merit. In addition to her work with BAOWE, she has also held a number of other important roles, including vice-presidencies of the SAARC Chamber of Women Entrepreneurs Council (SCWEC) and the South Asian Women Development Forum (SAWDF). In 2017 she led calls for the development of a Women's Chamber of Commerce for Bhutan.

References

External links 

 Damchae Dem, Founder/Chairperson, Palden Group of Companies on SHE LEADS SUMMIT - 2019

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bhutanese women
21st-century Bhutanese people
Bhutanese businesspeople
Bhutanese chief executives
Bhutanese company founders
Jerome K. Percus. Jerome Kenneth Percus (born 21 June 1926 in New York City; died 7 March 2021) was a physicist and mathematician known for important contributions to statistical physics, chemical physics, and applied mathematics.

In 1958, he published with George J. Yevick a groundbreaking study on the statistical mechanics of classical liquids. They formulated an integral equation (Percus–Yevick equation) that is the foundation for several approximation methods for computing the pair correlation function, and thereby allow the derivation of thermodynamic properties from first principles.

Works 
Percus published several books:
 Combinatorial Methods, Applied Mathematical Sciences 4, Springer 1971
 Mathematics of genome analysis, Cambridge UP 2002
 Mathematical models in developmental biology, Courant Lectures in Mathematics 26, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences 2015 with Stephen Childress

References

External links 
 Homepage an der New York University
 
 Lebensdaten, Publikationen und Akademischer Stammbaum von Jerome K. Percus bei academictree.org, retrieved 22 April 2018.
 

1926 births
2021 deaths
American physicists
American mathematicians
Scientists from New York City
Gerrit Marx. Gerrit Marx is a German manager. Since the spin-off of Iveco Group from CNH Industrial on January 1, 2022 up to June 2024 Marx has been Chief Executive Officer of the newly formed Iveco Group company. Starting from July 1, 2024 Marx is scheduled to leave Iveco Group and take over the role of CEO of CNH Industrial.

Biography

Gerrit Marx holds a degree in Mechanical Engineering (“Diplom Ingenieur”), an MBA (“Diplom Kaufmann”) from RWTH Aachen University, and a Doctorate in Business Administration from Cologne University.

From 1999 to 2007, Marx worked at McKinsey & Company on improvement programs for automotive and aerospace in Europe, Brazil, and Japan.

He joined Daimler AG in 2007 to head the global controlling function for vehicle and powertrain component projects, as well as market-entry/M&A in North America, Europe and Asia. He was then President and CEO at Daimler Trucks China in 2009 and, subsequently, President of Skoda China at Volkswagen AG.

In 2012, Gerrit Marx joined the European leadership team of Bain Capital as a member of their portfolio group. During his tenure at Bain, he was interim CEO of Wittur Group.

Marx joined CNH Industrial in 2019 as President of Commercial and Specialty Vehicles.

Since January 1, 2022, Marx has been Chief Executive Officer of Iveco Group.

In April 2024 Marx has been appointed new CEO of CNH Industrial NV, replacing Scott Wine. He is scheduled to take over the position on July 1, 2024.

References

German chief executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
German business executives
McKinsey & Company people
Bain Capital people
RWTH Aachen University alumni
Cononsolvency. Cononsolvency is a phenomenon where two solvents that can typically readily dissolve a polymer, when mixed, at certain ratios of these two solvents, are no longer able to dissolve the polymer. This phenomenon is in contrast to cosolvency where two solvents that are both poor at dissolving a material, but when the two poor solvents admixed, can form a mixed solvent capable of dissolving the material.

The first works of both experimental and theoretical about the cononsolvency effect were published in the late 1970s. Since then, numerous studies focused on a manifold of different polymers that featured the cononsolvency effect in water and various organic cosolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Typically poly(acrylamide)s such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) show the cononsolvency effect, while this effect is also known for other homopolymers and for more complex systems e.g., diblock copolymer, polyelectrolytes, crosslinked microgels, micelles, and grafted polymer brushes.  Recently, it was also shown that thermo-responsive thin films exhibit the cononsolvency effect in a mixed solvent vapor phase, which can be explained by a decreased volume phase transition temperature, the thin-film analogy of a lower critical solution temperature. These experimental studies are supported by a growing number of simulation studies.

After 45 years of research, the origin of the molecular mechanism behind the cononsolvency effect in a mixture of solvents remains not fully resolved yet. To date, researchers have considered various interactions between polymer and solvent/cosolvent as possible factors leading to the cononsolvency effect, such as competitive hydrogen bonding of the solvent and cosolvent with the polymer, hydrophobic hydration of particular functional groups of the polymer,  cosolvent induced geometric frustration, excluded-volume interactions due to the surfactant-like behavior of amphiphilic cosolvents, as well as the three body effects, i.e., temporary bridging of one or more individual polymer chains by the cosolvent.

In literature, cononsolvency was reported almost exclusively for polymers in aqueous solution. This, however, does not mean that cononsolvency cannot happen in non-aqueous solutions. For example, poly(methyl methacrylate) shows the cononsolvency effect in the binary mixtures of two organic solvents (chlorobutane and amyl acetate).

References

Solvents
Chemistry
Neodymium nickelate. Neodymium nickelate is a nickelate of neodymium with a chemical formula NdNiO3. In this compound, the neodymium atom is in the +3 oxidation state.

Preparation
Neodymium nickelate can be prepared by dissolving neodymium(III) oxide and nickel(II) oxide in nitric acid, followed by heating the mixture in an oxygen atmosphere.

It can also be prepared by pyrolyzing a mixture of nickel nitrate and neodymium nitrate.

It decomposes in high temperature (950 °C) by nitrogen:

4 NdNiO3 → 2 Nd2NiO4 + 2 NiO + O2

It can also be reduced to the monovalent nickel compound NdNiO2 by sodium hydride at 160 °C.

Physical properties
Neodymium nickelate shows metal-insulator transition (MIT) under low temperature. The temperature at which it transforms (TMIT) is 200K, which is higher than praseodymium nickelate (130K) but lower than samarium nickelate (400K). It transforms from antiferromagnetism to paramagnetism. It has demonstrated to be a first-order phase transition (this applies for praseodymium nickelate as well). The temperature (TN) can be changed by varying the NiO6 octahedral distortion. It is the only lathanide nickelate to have the same TMIT as TN.

Uses
In a 2010 study, it was found that neodymium nickelate as an anode material provided 1.7 times the current density of typical LSM anodes when integrated into a commercial SOEC and operated at 700 °C, and approximately 4 times the current density when operated at 800 °C. The increased performance is postulated to be due to higher "overstoichiometry" of oxygen in the neodymium nickelate, making it a successful conductor of both ions and electrons.

Neodymium nickelate can also be used in electrocatalysts, synapse transistors, photovoltaics, memory resistors, biosensors, and electric-field sensors.

References

Neodymium compounds
Nickel compounds
Perovskites
CAP Saracura. The CAP Saracura (Brazilian-Portuguese name for the Slaty-breasted wood rail), also designated IPT-3 Saracura, was a Brazilian monoplace glider aircraft designed and manufactured by Companhia Aeronáutica Paulista during 1942 for primary training and general flying.

Background
In the early 1940s, sailflying was gaining a lot of enthusiasts in Brazil, but gliders were lacking. With the escalation of the conflicts in Europe, it became more difficult to acquire equipment, mostly German, which had arrived in Brazil in significant numbers previously. Anticipating a business opportunity, Francisco Pignatari decided to ask the Technological Research Institute technicians for help in the studies and designs of a new glider.

Design and development
It was designed by IPT's engineering team, under the responsibility of the chief engineer, Romeu Corsini. Was designed conserving the best characteristics of the Grunau Baby, widely used in Brazil at the time. The Saracura could be towed either by car or by airplane. The Saracura could be towed either by car or by airplane. 

It had an all-wood, high winged, notched structure.

See also

 Göppingen Gö 1
 I.Ae. 34 Clen Antú
 I.Ae. 41 Urubú

References

External links
IPT’s official site
All-aero site

High-wing aircraft
1940s Brazilian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1942
Glider aircraft
IPT-1 Gafanhoto. The  IPT-1 Gafanhoto (Brazilian-Portuguese name for the grasshoppers), was a Brazilian single-seat, monoplane glider aircraft designed and manufactured for general flying.

Design and development
The IPT-1 was designed by engineer Frederico Abranches Brotero, and christened by him, with a name that matched its attitude in flight, since it was developed for short flights, towed in the launch by a car. The decision to make it incapable of executing long, high-altitude flights was motivated by making it an ideal piece of equipment for practicing and observing beginners by their instructors.

Construction
Completely wooden structure, it had an open fuselage cabin. Fuselage and wings extremely covered with canvas and plywood. It had fastening uprights under the wings, a central slider along the entire fuselage. It was completed in 1942, and flew regularly in São Paulo for more than two years. The wings were deployed 20 cm higher than originally planned. Because of this, the IPT-1 used to crash when the landing was not done well. In flight, however, it reacted correctly to commands.

Specifications

See also

 Elliotts Primary EoN
 I.Ae. 41 Urubú
 Neiva B Monitor

References

External links
IPT’s official site

High-wing aircraft
1940s Brazilian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1942