omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Southern Skies. Southern Skies LLC is a former American aircraft manufacturer based in Taylorsville, North Carolina. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the late 1990s, but no longer produces its own aircraft. The company remains in business as a flight training school and dealer for German Fresh Breeze paramotors.

The company produced the first four-stroke powered paramotor ever built, the Quattro. The Quattro design used a computer-controlled, electronic ignition system-equipped, , , Honda Kart engine.

Aircraft

References

External links

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Paramotors
Companies based in North Carolina
Alexander County, North Carolina
Hirth Hi 25 Kria. The experimental Hirth Hi-25 Kria was only the second glider constructed from glass reinforced plastic (GRP). Built in Germany in 1958, it was a single seat,  span aircraft. Only one was built; it later flew for several years with Akaflieg Stuttgart.

Design and development
The first glider with a GRP structure was the Akaflieg Stuttgart Phönix which flew in November 1957. Wolf Hirth had followed its construction with interest and had hoped to manufacture it. Instead, the Phönix was produced by Bölkow and Hirth built his own design, the Hi-25 Kria, using the construction methods developed for the Phönix. As well as their structural similarity, the Kria and the Phönix shared some aerodynamic features, particularly Eppler airfoils and fuselages which conformed to the upward flowing air ahead of the wings and downwash behind.  The Kria, though, was a high wing rather than mid-wing monoplane, was smaller overall (the Phönix had a 16 m span) and had a butterfly tail.  Kría is the Icelandic name for the Arctic tern.

The Kria's cantilever wing was straight tapered over all the span except for elliptical tips, with an unswept leading edge and a forward swept trailing edge.  There was no dihedral. The wings carried short span ailerons at the tips and undersurface airbrakes, which could be extended at 90° to the airflow, inboard.  The tail surfaces, separated by 110°, had swept leading edges and rounded tips.

The airflow-conforming aerodynamics of the fuselage gave it a rather humped back profile, with the dorsal line dropping away aft of the wing to a slender tail. Ahead of the wing the combined canopy-nose line was almost straight.  A single piece canopy covered a cockpit which fitted only the smallest pilots.  The underside of the forward fuselage was bulged and carried a close-fitting landing skid, which was assisted by an integral tail bumper.

The Kria was first flown on 31 December 1958, piloted by Rudi Lindner.  It was pleasant to fly though rather lacking aileron response.  Despite not being designed for serious competition, it performed better than any other  span sailplane of its time.

Operational history
After Hirth died in a flying accident in 1959 the Kria was donated to the Akaflieg Stuttgart. It flew from their Hahnweide base for several years, also participating in glider evaluation courses under OSTIV auspices.  Stored after retirement, the sole Kria was lost in a hangar fire in 2001.

Specifications

References

1950s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Water-based pipe coating. A water-based pipe coating  is an environmentally friendly coating that is applied to the inner and outer surfaces of ductile iron pipe. The   coating serves to protect the water supply lines from corrosion whether  from the outside or  the inside. It also serves  to protect the drinking water from contamination. The coating is an emulsion manufactured using asphaltene and water primarily, with other raw materials according to the manufacturer's specifications.

History
Water-based coatings began development in the late 1980s. In the early 1990s they began to be widely used, specifically marketed towards drinking water supply lines. Previously, water supply lines were coated using a harmful solvent-based coating, using such solvents as   benzene, toluene, hexane and other volatile organic compounds (VOC).

Manufacturing
These coatings are manufactured using a batching system. A solution of raw materials and water is prepared, and the solution is milled with an asphaltene, which serves as a clean building block and a base resin. After the material is processed, it goes through a series of let-down, filtering, and quality control tests.

Uses
The major use of water-based pipe coating is for ductile iron pipe that comprises water supply lines infrastructure. It can also be utilized for pipe flanges and fittings, gray iron pipe (sewer lines),  stormwater sealing, utility box sealing, and  septic tank and vault sealing.

References

Coatings
Mangu Singh. Dr. Mangu Singh (born 15 December 1955) was the Managing Director of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, He took over after Dr.E. Sreedharan, the former managing director, retired from service on 31 December 2011, he retired on 31st March 2022, succeeded by Vikas Kumar. He is an Indian Railways Service of Engineers (IRSE) officer of the 1981 batch.

Personal life
Singh was born in a small village of Uttar Pradesh called Alawalpur Nainu near Najibabad, District- Bijnor.
Singh received his early education from his native place and later graduated in civil engineering from University of Roorkee (now IIT Roorkee) in 1979 . He also received Master of Science (sustainable development).  He has been Awarded D.Sc. (Honoris Causa) by Amity University, India and D.Lit. (Honoris Causa) by Modi University, India . He has been awarded prestigious Sat Paul Mittal Award for Public Service - 2017.

Education
He is a B.E (civil) from University of Roorkee (now IIT Roorkee) of 1979 batch.

Career
Singh joined Indian Railway Service of Engineers (IRSE), in March, 1983 through the 1981 UPSC Indian Engineering Services (IES) Examination. After training he held various positions on Indian Railways from 1983 to 1997 including in Kolkata Metro Railway.

Singh joined Delhi Metro Rail Corporation at inception in November 1997 in the capacity of Chief Engineer/Chief Project Manager and moved upwards to executive director and then Director (Works).  He has been instrumental in construction of Metro Network in Delhi at record pace of construction. Currently a network of more than 390 km. is operational. He also assisted other State Governments in developing metro systems in cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata East-West Line, Lucknow, Jaipur, Kochi, Ahmdabad, etc..

Singh has also headed the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects of Delhi Metro, the first successful projects in Railway Transportation System in the world. Singh is the recipient of National Award (Railway Week Award 1996) for his contribution in completing the Kolkata Metro Rail Project, Distinguished Alumni Award -IIT (Roorkee) 2016 Distinguished Alumnous Award-National Academy of Indian Railway, Vadodara -2020 and Engineer of the Year Award 2012 by IEI. He is a member of Fellow Institution of Engineers (India) and National Academy of Engineering, India.  He has also been awarded the 'Green Champion' by Indian Green Building Council.

Singh has published/presented many technical papers in National and International Journals/Conferences etc.

Singh is Founder President, Tunneling Association of India. He is also Member of Policy Board of UITP (International Association of Public Transport).

References

Indian Railways officers
Living people
1955 births
People from Bijnor district
USA-234. USA-234, also known as NRO Launch 25 or NROL-25, is an American reconnaissance satellite, operated by the National Reconnaissance Office. Launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in 2012, it has been identified as the second radar imaging satellite to be launched as part of the Future Imagery Architecture programme.

USA-234 was launched by United Launch Alliance, using a Delta IV carrier rocket, making its first flight in the Medium+(5,2) configuration. The rocket was launched from Space Launch Complex 6 at Vandenberg, at 23:12:57 UTC (16:12:57 PDT) on 3 April 2012. It was identified as NRO Launch 25, and was the nineteenth flight of a Delta IV; the vehicle was designated Delta 359, and named Electra.

The satellite's orbit and mission are officially classified; however, it has been located by amateur observers in a  orbit, inclined at 123 degrees.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2012
National Reconnaissance Office satellites
USA satellites
Space synthetic aperture radar
Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets
Library Oriented Architecture. In software engineering, a Library Oriented Architecture (LOA) is a set of principles and methodologies for designing and developing software in the form of reusable software libraries constrained in a specific ontology domain. LOA provides one of the many alternate methodologies that enable the further exposure of software through a service-oriented architecture. Library orientation dictates the ontological boundaries of a library that exposes business functionality through a set of public APIs. Library Oriented Architecture further promotes practices similar to Modular Programming, and encourages the maintenance of internal libraries and modules with independent internal open-source life-cycles. This approach promotes good software engineering principles and patterns such as separation of concerns and designing to interfaces as opposed to implementations.

Principles
Three principles rule Library Oriented Architecture frameworks:
 A software library implementation and subject area expertise must be constrained to only one ontology domain.
 A software library that needs to use concepts and artifacts from a different ontology domain than the one it belongs to, must interface and reuse the library corresponding to that specific ontology domain.
 All domain specific software libraries must be maintained and supported with separate life-cycles.

Benefits
Library Oriented Architecture may provide different process improvements to existing software engineering practices and software development life-cycle. Some tangible benefits from its adoption are:
 Simplify configuration management of distributed systems.
 Build highly reliable software systems because of the inherent properties and constraints of the LOA principles.
 Information Systems built using LOA are technology-independent. These systems can easily replace or swap entire libraries and domain implementations with localized impact and minimal upstream ripple effect.
 Increase the Maintainability Index  of your distributed systems and integration repositories. 
 Minimize the risk of high coupling, this can be more evident on large enterprise systems.
 Bring developers up to speed orders of magnitude more quickly than a traditional system. Move developers and teams across libraries and domain ontologies and collaborate seamlessly.
 Spot bugs and zero-in on the problem almost instantly. There is something to be said about the amount of time a developer spends debugging.
 Maximization of the Bus Factor of the software engineering team.

See also
Ontology (information science)  
Service-oriented architecture  
Distributed system  
Modular programming  
Software library  
Software design pattern
Writing Elegant Code and the Maintainability Index
Code Metrics – Maintainability Index

References

Software architecture
Enterprise application integration
Samoo Architects & Engineers. Samoo Architects & Engineers (, SAMOO) is a multinational company headquartered in Seoul which provides architecture and engineering design related services such as architectural design, engineering, interior design, urban design, sustainable design, construction management, and building information modelling.

History
The Samoo Architectural Research Institute was founded in 1976.

Notable projects

References 

Construction and civil engineering companies of South Korea
International engineering consulting firms
Companies based in Seoul
Design companies established in 1976
Architecture firms of South Korea
South Korean brands
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1976
South Korean companies established in 1976
YS MegaBasic. YS MegaBasic is a BASIC programming language interpreter for the 1982 Sinclair Research ZX Spectrum microcomputer, written by Mike Leaman. The interpreter was available by mail-order from Your Spectrum magazine, hence the name "YS MegaBasic".

When loaded it left the user 22K of usable memory. YS MegaBasic allowed keywords to be spelled out letter-for-letter, which was quicker if the user had fitted a full-size full-travel keyboard to their machine, a very popular modification for serious users. This also removed the necessity for memorising the sometimes arcane key combinations necessary to enter less-commonly-used Sinclair BASIC keywords. It also featured three different font sizes, user definable keys, copy-and-paste, a Sinclair QL-like windowing system, sprites and sound effects.

New commands added by YS MegaBasic:

Releases
YSMegaBasic V1.0 - 1984
YSMegaBasic V1.1 - 1984
YSMegaBasic V1.1 Sprite Designer - 1984
YSMegaBasic V3.0 - 1985
YSMegaBasic V4.0 - 1985

References 

BASIC extensions
ZX Spectrum software
BASIC interpreters
BASIC programming language family
Air Command Commander. The Air Command Commander is an American autogyro that was designed and produced by Air Command International, with its first flight in 1984. Production was completed by 2003. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together 6061-T6 aluminum tubing that is supplied anodized and pre-drilled. Its  diameter rotor comes completely assembled.

The aircraft takes 40 hours to assemble from the factory kit. Original factory options included a cockpit fairing, wheels brakes, wheel pants, rotor brake and a main rotor pre-rotator, although the installation of any of these options will raise the empty weight above US FAR 103 limits for ultralight vehicles.

The aircraft can be readily loaded on a simple trailer for ground transportation.

Reviewer Andre Cliche said of the aircraft:

Variants
Commander 447
Main version equipped with a single  twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke single-ignition Rotax 447 engine

Specifications (Commander 447)

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

Commander
1980s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) terephthalate. Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is an organic compound; it is the ester of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Together with 2-hydroxyethyl terephthalic acid, bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) terephthalate is an intermediate in the production of poly(ethylene terephthalate).
It is the product of the glycolysis reaction of PET with Ethylene glycol.

References

Primary alcohols
Terephthalate esters
Brock KB-3. The Brock KB-3 is an American autogyro that was designed by Ken Brock, produced by Ken Brock Mfg and introduced in 1985. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction and was also available as plans.

Design and development
The KB-3 was derived from the 1970 KB-2 and specifically designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, tricycle landing gear and a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing. Its  diameter rotor has two blades. Factory available options included a main rotor pre-rotator, a rotor brake and an instrument package. Fuel capacity is  and is housed in a combination pilot seat/fuel tank.

Due to its small size and light weight the KB-3 is easy to transport by trailer and can be set up to fly in ten minutes.

Specifications (KB-3)

References

1980s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Ken Brock aircraft
Corvus Fusion. The Corvus Fusion is a two-seat, low wing, light sport aircraft produced by Corvus Hungary LLC in Italy.

Design and development
The Corvus Fusion is an all composite aircraft offered either as a factory built aircraft or as a kit.  It was conceived by Andras Voloscsuk, Chief Executive Engineer, as "... an ultralight aircraft for enthusiasts who would love to try something similar that the Racer 540 can do."  It was announced in August 2011 and introduced 27 January 2012 in Pordenone, Italy.

The Corvus Fusion features an inverted oil system and a symmetrical airfoil, which allows it to fly equally well either upright or inverted.  It is available with either conventional landing gear or tricycle gear and with a ballistic parachute.

During a demo flight on 30 March 2012, a Corvus Fusion was flown through several aerobatic manoeuvres including loops and barrel rolls.

Specifications

References

External links

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Fusion
Hirth Hi 20 MoSe. The Hirth Hi 20 MoSe was a German motor glider designed in the late 1930s. Based on the Göppingen Gö 4 side-by-side seat training glider, it had a foldaway propeller, column-mounted above the fuselage and shaft-driven by a small internal piston engine.

Design and development

The Carden-Baynes Auxiliary or Scud 3 of 1935 was the first motorised glider to use an engine and propeller unit which could be retracted, allowing conventional gliding after self-launching. The Hi 20 MoSe (MoSe was short for Motor-Segler or motor glider) was the first German motor glider of this kind and the first such two seater; it is not known if Hirth was familiar with the earlier aircraft when he began the Hi 20's design in 1937. The Schempp-Hirth factory at Nabern (now Kirchheim/Teck) was busy with the production of the Göppingen Gö 4 and with the outbreak of World War II, the sole prototype was not completed until 1941.

Rather than develop a new aircraft for their foldaway power plant and propeller experiments, it was decided to save on time and money by using the wings and tail of a Göppingen Gö 4. A new, steel framed rather than wooden, fuselage was constructed with very similar length and profile to the original. The propulsion unit, when deployed, consisted of a vertical, faired column carrying a pusher propeller with its hub about  above the fuselage, so the tips just cleared the structure. The column was pivoted just inside the fuselage with the engine at its short lower end. Engine and propeller were connected by a shaft within the column; at its top gears turned the drive-shaft through 90° and reduced the output speed by a factor of 2.3. After a powered climb to altitude, the unit was rotated on its pivot so the propeller fitted into a dorsal slot in the fuselage and the engine lay immediately behind the cockpit bulkhead.

A new  air-cooled four cylinder two stroke engine was developed for the Hi 20 by W. Krautter. Cooling air was moved to the engine inside the fuselage through the propeller-bearing column.

The first flight was made under aero tow in October 1941. More flights were made the following year but then development stopped, as war work took priority.

Specifications

See also

References

Motor gliders
1940s German sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1941
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Dempsey TD-3 Beta Lightning. The Dempsey TD-3 Beta Lightning is the second original homebuilt aeroplane design by Thomas Dempsey.

Design and development
The TD-3 was built with the design goals of being strong, comfortable and fast. The twin boom, twin engine design was loosely based on the Lockheed P-38 Lightning planform.

The TD-3 Beta Lightning is a twin boom, twin engine, tricycle gear monoplane with side-by-side configuration seating. The wooden spar wings are fabric covered. The fuselage pod is all fiberglass. The landing gear mechanism is sourced from a Piper Aztec, with the retraction mechanism retracting rearward rather than forward as on the Aztec. Four wing fuel tanks are mounted internally. The fuselage and tail booms have a supported welded steel tube frame with aluminum stringers.

Specifications (TD-3 Beta Lightning)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1969
Low-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
1960s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Jeumont-Schneider. Jeumont-Schneider was a French electric and mechanical engineering group, founded in 1964.

History
Jeumont-Schneider was formed in 1964 through a merger of  FACEJ (Forges et Ateliers de Construction Electriques de Jeumont) and Matériel Electrique S-W (Schneider-Westinghouse).

The company had activities in electric motors and other power electrical equipment, industrial controls and automation, hydraulic pumps, and included equipment for the nuclear industry.

In 1986 the company divested its loss making railway traction activities to Alstom. The group's  telephony business, unsuccessful in comparison to Matra, was sold  to Bosch in 1988.

In 1992 the activities of Jeumont-Schneider Industrie relating to nuclear power were taken over by Framatome. Other activities of the group: Jeumont Schneider Industrie and the division Jeumont-Schneider Automation went into joint management by Framatome and Alstom-Alcatel; the division were renamed Jeumont Industrie and Jeumont Automation.

References

Engineering companies of France
Sport Copter Lightning. The Sport Copter Lightning is an American autogyro, designed and produced by Sport Copter of Scappoose, Oregon. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The base model Lightning was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, tricycle landing gear and a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, single-ignition  Rotax 503 engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing. Its  diameter rotor is supplied ready-made and constructed from bonded dural aluminum by the company's subsidiary Sport USA LLC. The landing gear includes telescopic spring suspension. A semi-enclosed cockpit fairing with windshield is optional.

The basic Lightning design has been developed into the heavier Vortex.

Reviewer Andre Cliche said of the Lightning: "In flight, the Lightning is forgiving and easy to maneuver, with light, geared-down controls. It is responsive but not tricky. It is a good choice for beginners."

Variants
Lightning
Base model powered by a  Rotax 503 engine. Can accept engines from . Optional cockpit fairing. 53 examples had been completed and flown by 2005.
Vortex
Improved model powered by a  Rotax 582 or  Rotax 912UL engine. Can accept engines from . Empty weight is  and gross weight is . Cockpit fairing is standard. 124 examples had been completed and flown by 2005. 
Vortex M912
A strengthened rough-field version originally designed for Australian cattle mustering, (the M stands for Mustering), equipped with a Rotax 912 ULS engine.

Specifications (Lightning)

References

External links

1990s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Panasonic TR-005. Panasonic TR-005 Orbitel (also known as the "Flying Saucer" or "The Eyeball" due to its shape) was a television set that was manufactured from the late 1960s to early 1970s by Panasonic. It had a five-inch screen, earphone jack, and could rotate 180 degrees on its chrome tripod.

References

Television sets
Panasonic products