omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Höpen Airfield. Höpen Airfield is a glider airfield near the town of Schneverdingen in Lower Saxony, Germany. It supports glider flying with no commercial aviation at the field.

History

Towards the end of World War II, the landing field was used by the British Royal Air Force as Advanced Landing Ground B-154 Reinsehlen.

References

 World Airport Codes Flugplatz Hoepen
 Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.

Heidekreis
Airports in Lower Saxony
Gliding in Germany
Ganem oxidation. In organic chemistry, the Ganem oxidation is a name reaction that allows for the preparation of carbonyls from primary or secondary alkyl halides with the use of trialkylamine N-oxides, such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide or trimethylamine N-oxide.

Mechanism

As in other oxoammonium-catalyzed oxidation reactions, the negatively charged oxygen atom of the trialkylamine N-oxide molecule attacks the alkyl halide in a SN2 manner, kicking of the halide as a leaving group. A trialkylamine deprotonates the α-carbon atom, the resulting electron pair shifts onto the oxygen atom, which shifts its own excess electron pair onto the nitrogen atom. This generates the desired carbonyl, as well as the aforementioned trialkylamine. The reaction is an enhancement of the Kornblum oxidation protocol, which was originally developed using dimethyl sulfoxide or pyridine-N-oxide as the nucleophile.

Applications

The Ganem oxidation has been used as an intermediate step in the total synthesis of (−)-okilactomycin, converting a primary alkyl halide into an aldehyde.

References

Name reactions
A2 CZ Ellipse Spirit. The A2 CZ Ellipse Spirit (sometimes spelled Elipse Spirit) is a Czech ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by A2 CZ. The aircraft was introduced at the Aero show in 2011 and is supplied complete and ready to fly or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules. It features a cantilever low wing, a two seats in side-by-side configuration cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft of all-composite construction. Its  span elliptical wing employs rounded wingtips and fixed slots in the outer portion of the wing and dive brakes. Optional fuel capacity is  giving a range of . The standard engine is the ULPower 260iS four-cylinder, four-stroke aircraft engine of  and other engines available include the  Rotax 912S and 912iS, plus the  Lycoming IO-233.

The basic fixed gear Ellipse was undergoing development in 2011 into a retractable gear version as well as versions for the US light-sport aircraft category.

Specifications (Ellipse Spirit)

References

External links

2010s Czech ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2011
Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Wood. The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Wood (initially known as the Flagship Diamond Wood) is a woodland in Leicestershire, UK created in 2012. Covering , it is the centrepiece of a wide-ranging Jubilee Project by the Woodland Trust to mark the 2012 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. The site incorporates a former opencast coal mine which now has a newly created lake, as well as former arable land and  of existing ancient woodland and old hedgerows. Situated between the villages of Normanton le Heath, Heather and Ravenstone, and close to Coalville and Ashby de la Zouch, it is in the middle of the National Forest.

Jubilee Project
The Woodland Trust Jubilee project is a UK-wide project to encourage the planting of trees – especially native broadleaved trees – to mark the Diamond Jubilee.  The target is to get 6 million trees planted by this process. Many hundreds of individuals and organisations have joined this scheme, and will be recorded in a 'Royal Record' similar to the 1936-37 Royal Record of tree plantings for the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Amongst these many new trees and woodlands, it is hoped that 60 sites, each of at least 60 acres (24 Hectares), will be found, that will be known as 'Diamond Woods'. Each will get a package of advice and practical help in planting and establishing the new trees.

Flagship Diamond

The only Diamond Wood owned and managed by the Woodland Trust itself is the 'Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Wood' in Leicestershire. The process of acquiring the site was complex, as it could only work if all the landowners could agree on the sale, and all the funding could also be put in place. A key element was the  area of former opencast coal mine, which had belonged to UK Coal, who had been in the process of re-instating the land. Over a three-year period from 2007 to 2010 725,000 tons of coal had been extracted from the site known as Long Moor surface mine. The need to juggle sitting tenants, mineral rights, and multiple landowners meant that although the plans had been announced in September 2011  it was March 2012 before the final go-ahead was announced.

The final designs for the new woodland was unveiled on 1 June 2012 at a celebration picnic on the site. It will include planting 300,000 new native trees. Oak, ash, field maple, silver birch, beech and hornbeam will be included in the woodland. It became the largest expanse of woodland under a single ownership within the National Forest.

See also
Woodland Trust
National Forest, England

References

External links
Woodland Trust
National Forest

Forests and woodlands of Leicestershire
Tourist attractions in Leicestershire
Parks and open spaces in Leicestershire
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
SAFAT M1926 machine gun. The M1926 is a machine gun of Italian origin.

History
The Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino (Italian Torino car factory), one of Europe's biggest car industries, and it was in World War I one of Italy's main suppliers of ground-based and aviation machine guns, mostly of Revelli designs.

After World War, FIAT created in 1926 a subsidiary devoted exclusively to machine guns, that was the Societa Anonima Fabrica Armi Torino, or anonymous society Torino guns factory, mostly known as its abbreviated S.A.F.A.T designation.

The first aircraft machine gun produced by S.A.F.A.T was the M1928, a scaled-up variant of the M1926 with a belt feed and increased rate of fire. However, its main change was the adoption of the 8 mm Fiat cartridge instead the usual M1891 6.5 mm ammunition. Worth to mention that the "8mm FIAT" designation was in fact a fancy name for the 7.7x56R cartridge (.303 British). Both types were completely interchangeable.

The M1928 was installed in some biplane fighters of the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was proven unreliable as sometimes the case ruptured with remains left in the chamber and difficult to synchronize, so it was replaced by the better Breda SAFAT designs.

References

External links 
 La 12,7 Breda

Aircraft guns
Medium machine guns
Machine guns of Italy
Delayed blowback firearms
Firearms articles needing expert attention
Sukashibori. is the Japanese term for openwork or pierced work, using various techniques in metalworking and other media, in which the foreground design is left intact, while background areas are cut away and removed (or the converse may be performed).  The resulting piece becomes see-through (sukashi) and hence the name.

Traditional artisans worked on piece of cast metal (or hammered metal) such as bronze as medium. In traditional metalworking (chōkin, ), the carving tools they used were the piercing burin (sukashi-tagane, ) and scroll saw (tsurubiki-noko(?), ).

The type where the foreground pattern is preserved and the background removed is called , and the reverse is called .

In Buddhist art,  or lotus motif is often used The result is an Arabesque-like or lacework-like design. They are featured in the depiction of the kōhai or "rear glow" (the halo or nimbus behind Buddhist statues) as well as the tiara-like headpieces  crowning their heads. Other prominent uses are in ritual objects such as keman (pendent ornaments), , and . Examples of tsuba (hilt-guard) of the Japanese sword often use sukashibori work.

The word is also applied when used for other material, such as wood; for example, the transom (ranma) may be done in sukashibori work.

See also
Opus interrasile
Openwork
Fretwork

References

Japanese art terminology
Metalworking terminology
Directorate General of Civil Aeronautics (Bolivia). The Directorate General of Civil Aeronautics (, DGAC) is an agency of the government of Bolivia. Its headquarters are on the ninth floor of the Edificio Multicine (Mutliplex Cinema Building) in La Paz. The agency investigates aviation accidents and incidents.

References

External links

 Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil 

Bolivia
Government agencies of Bolivia
Aviation organisations based in Bolivia
Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents
Civil aviation in Bolivia
Cherry Valley Coke Ovens. The Cherry Valley Coke Ovens consisted of 200 coke ovens built by the Leetonia Iron and Coal Company around 1866, near Leetonia, Ohio, United States. The function of the "beehive" coke ovens was to purify coal and turn it into coke. The coke was burned in furnaces that produced iron and steel.

The site, also known as Cherry Valley Coke Ovens Arboretum, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. An Ohio Historical Marker was added in 1999. Outside of the Connellsville Coke District in Pennsylvania, this site represents one of the largest remaining site of intact beehive coke ovens in North America.

History
In the early 1860s, Irish businessman William Lee discovered rich deposits of coal, ore and lime under the soil of today's Leetonia. Lee began to buy the surrounding land and established the company "The Leetonia Coal & Iron Company" which consisted of a coal mine, coke ovens, and a blast furnace. This company jumped into the iron and coal industry and soon turned the area into a thriving company town. The area went from housing three families in 1864 to 1,800 people by 1869 when it was incorporated.

The coke production was the main operation of the company. Leetonia Coal & Iron would mine the surrounding areas for coal and then cart coal by the tons into the coke ovens on rails above the ovens. The workers would then shovel the coal into the coke ovens to cook. This would purify the coal into a purer product of coal called coke which was then shipped off to the iron mills to be used in smelting iron. Coke has a much higher temperature point than regular coal so it was preferred for use in the mills.

Each coke oven is about 12 feet in diameter and 6 to 7 feet in height with the capacity to hold two to three tons of coal each. While still using 100 ovens, Leetonia Coal & Iron would process 250 tons of coal into coke per day. However, in 1873, the company was bought out and renamed "The Cherry Valley Iron and Coal Company", who expanded operations and eventually had over 200 coke ovens and 4 blast furnaces; processing much more coal than ever before. Financial troubles hit the company during the Great Depression and the ovens were closed permanently.

The site was donated to the village of Leetonia for a park in 1982, and, in 1986, the village council appointed a commission to transform the area into a park.

Restoration and park
The village of Leetonia developed the Cherry Valley Coke Ovens Park on the site. The area is heavily wooded area with hiking trails in and around the coke ovens and other sites of the former Cherry Valley Iron & Coal Co. The project was undertaken by the village of Leetonia to protect the site of a large part of the village's history.

See also
 List of ovens

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Industrial buildings completed in 1866
Buildings and structures in Columbiana County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Columbiana County, Ohio
Protected areas of Columbiana County, Ohio
Coke ovens
1866 establishments in Ohio
L&YR Class 30. The L&YR Class 30 was a class of 0-8-0 steam locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. The class was designed by John Aspinall and introduced in 1900.

Hoy locomotives

Twenty of the class, built in 1903, were fitted with Henry Hoy's cylindrical firebox with a corrugated steel inner furnace, inspired by contemporary textile mill boiler practice in the area. The inner furnace was designed to be stiff enough, owing to the corrugations, to avoid the need for stays. This was not a great success (the internal flue deformed under steam pressure and water circulation was poor) and they were later rebuilt with conventional boilers between 1911 and 1914. Crews referred to them as "Sea Pigs" which implies they were not well liked.

Numbering
A total of 60 locomotives were built, all of which passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923. The LMS numbered them 12700-12759 and gave them the power classification 5F. By 1948, British Railways (BR) inherited only one surviving locomotive: LMS No. 12727 (L&YR No. 1433), which was renumbered 52727.

Withdrawal
The first locomotive was withdrawn in 1926 and the last in 1950. None were preserved.

References

0-8-0 locomotives
30
Railway locomotives introduced in 1900
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Microvisk. Microvisk Ltd is a medical device company based in North Wales and Oxfordshire, UK, that was founded in 2004.  It is a member of the Welsh Optoelectronics Forum - a group of companies specialising in optoelectronics which developed out of Pilkington’s glass manufacturing operations.

The company is funded through a mixture of private and venture capital investors, and has established collaboration with the Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust. The UK clinical trials have been facilitated by Trustech - part of the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement’s network of hubs across England.

The site at St Asaph, Wales handles sales and shipping, overall project management, clinical chemistry, data analysis, component production and administration. Research into sensors and micro-electromechanical technology is conducted at the site at Chipping Warden, Oxfordshire, along with sensor and electronics development.  It has developed a MEMs based microviscometer for the prothrombin time test.

In 2006 the company expanded its premises and undertook a clinical trial  with the Royal London Hospital, which gave excellent results in comparison with a universally recognised laboratory-based industry standard. Initial research was carried out at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

In 2008 the company increased staff levels and moved to a new facility with custom-built laboratories and additional office space, allowing future expansion.

Two products currently in development include CoagMax and CoagLite, point of care INR monitors for home and professional use.

References

Medical technology companies of the United Kingdom
Manufacturing companies of Wales
Health care companies established in 2006
Electronics companies established in 2006
2006 establishments in Wales
British companies established in 2006
Varrelbusch Airfield. Varrelbusch Airfield  is a regional aerodrome in Germany. It supports general aviation with no commercial airline service scheduled.

History
During World War II, the airfield was used by the British Royal Air Force as Advanced Landing Ground B-113.

References

 Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.

External links

Airports in Lower Saxony
Cloppenburg (district)
Stits SA-5 Flut-R-Bug. The Stits SA-5 Flut-R-Bug is a homebuilt aircraft designed by Ray Stits.

Design and development
The Flut-R-Bug can be built as a single place or tandem seat aircraft. It was an early complete-kit aircraft, sold with a pre-welded fuselage. Stits planned to deliver 100 kits to the German market for homebuilding. Examples have been completed in the United States and in Europe.

The SA-5 is a mid-wing, tricycle landing gear design with folding wings. The aircraft was intended to be towed by a vehicle by the (lowered) tail on its main gear with wings folded along its sides. The cockpit can be open, or covered with a bubble canopy. The fuselage is constructed from welded steel tubing with aircraft fabric covering. The wings use spruce wooden spars with fabric covering.

Variants
SA-5A
Single place variant
SA-6A
Two seat tandem variant with a  gross weight
SA-6B
Two seat variant with wider span wings and larger tail surface

Specifications (Stits SA-5 Flut-R-Bug)

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1956
1950s United States sport aircraft
SA-5
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aero & Tech Nexth. The Aero & Tech Nexth (or sometimes Next-H) is an Italian ultralight aircraft designed by  Morelli Luca and produced by Aero & Tech of Fossato di Vico. Introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2011, the aircraft is intended to be supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft.

Design and development
The Nexth complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. A later version will comply with US light-sport aircraft rules.

The design features a cantilever mid-wing, two seats in side-by-side configuration, retractable tricycle landing gear made from titanium and a single  Rotax 912ULS four cylinder, liquid and air-cooled, four stroke engine in tractor configuration. Cockpit access is by two gull wing doors hinged at the top. The aircraft was designed to meet aerobatic category requirements, including +9 and -4.5 g.

The aircraft fuselage is an aluminium sheet covered steel space frame, based on Formula One racing construction techniques. Its  span wing employs winglets and flaps. Fuel is carried in a single fuselage tank and totals , giving a range of over .

Marino Boric, writing in the World Directory of Leisure Aviation notes that the Nexth fuselage is an unusual multi-faceted shape reminiscent of stealth fighter design. The prototype was painted black, which adds to the resemblance.

Specifications (Nexth)

References

External links

2010s Italian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
A-1 (code). A-1 was the designation for a code used by the United States Navy during World War I that replaced the Secret Code of 1887, SIGCODE and another system designed for radio communication. The cryptographic system was developed by Lt. W.W. Smith in the Office of Naval Operations by randomly associating key words with 5 letter patterns.

References

United States Navy
World War I
Signals intelligence of World War I
Military communications of the United States
Scott Keeney. Scott Keeney (born 1964) is an American entrepreneur living in Vancouver, Washington.

Business career 

Scott Keeney is the founder of nLIGHT (2000) which manufactures high-power solid-state lasers. Before founding nLIGHT, he had been CEO of Aculight which was sold to Lockheed.  Previously Keeney had been a consultant at McKinsey & Company in San Francisco and Seattle.  Keeney began his career in manufacturing and quality management working with at Pacific Coast Feather Company.	
In 2007 Keeney was awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award from The Oregon Entrepreneurs Network  and in 2006 Keeney was a winner of the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur Of The Year® Pacific Northwest Award.

Education leadership 

Keeney is founder and chair for nConnect, an education non-profit focused on enhancing rigorous high school science and math programs.  In 2008, Keeney led an effort to expand nConnect and won a $13M grant from the National Math and Science Initiative.
This grant was later rescinded due to a conflict between grant requirements and the collective bargaining laws in the state of Washington.

References

External links 
 The Three Dimensions of a Great Team by Scott Keeney - Electro Optics
 Scott Keeney interview with SPIE - YouTube
 CEO: Trade Mission to India a Win-Win - The Columbian

1964 births
American chief executives of manufacturing companies
Businesspeople from Vancouver, Washington
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Aéro Services Guépard Guêpe. The Aéro Services Guépard Guêpe (sometimes just called La Guêpe; English: Wasp) is a French ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Aéro Services Guépard. The aircraft is supplied fully assembled.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a V-strut-braced high-wing, a two seats in tandem open cockpit, conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with a single tube serving as the keel tube. A small cockpit fairing and windshield are optional. Its  span wing has an aluminium structure with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 582 two-stroke and the  HKS 700E four-stroke powerplant.

Specifications (Guêpe)

References

External links

2010s French ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Guépe
Warkworth Aerodrome. Warkworth Aerodrome is an aerodrome constructed in 1942 by the Royal Australian Air Force as a satellite aerodrome north of Warkworth, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.

The runway ran south west to north east and was  long x  wide. The aerodrome was used as a dispersal satellite field for RAAF Station Bulga near Singleton.

The aerodrome is currently the home of the Hunter Valley Gliding Club Co-Op.

References

Former Royal Australian Air Force bases
Military establishments in the Hunter Region
Former military installations in New South Wales
Broke Aerodrome. Broke Aerodrome was an aerodrome constructed in 1942 by the Royal Australian Air Force as a satellite aerodrome north of Broke, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.

The runway ran south west to north east and was  long x  wide. The aerodrome was as a dispersal satellite field for RAAF Station Bulga near Singleton.

References

Former Royal Australian Air Force bases
Military establishments in the Hunter Region
Former military installations in New South Wales
Strowan Aerodrome. Strowan Aerodrome was an aerodrome constructed in 1942 by the Royal Australian Air Force as a satellite aerodrome west of Jerrys Plains, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.

The runway was  long x  wide. The aerodrome was as a maintenance satellite field for RAAF Station Bulga near Singleton.

References

Former Royal Australian Air Force bases
Military establishments in the Hunter Region
Former military installations in New South Wales
Glendon Aerodrome. Glendon Aerodrome was an aerodrome constructed in 1942 by the Royal Australian Air Force as a satellite aerodrome near Glendon, New South Wales, Australia during World War II.

The runway was  long x  wide. The aerodrome was as a maintenance satellite field for RAAF Station Pokolbin near Cessnock.

The aerodrome was abandoned after World War II.

References

Former Royal Australian Air Force bases