omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
STET-CORE. The STET-CORE system is a French interbank automated clearing house that has been designated as a Systemically Important Payment System at the European level. The system's operating company is STET SA, based in Paris La Défense, whose name refers to Systèmes Technologiques d'Echange et de Traitement ().

The platform developed by STET is CORE, whose name refers to COmpensation REtail ( being French for clearing). The CORE platform supports the CORE(FR) clearing service for French banks but also other systems such as CEC (Centre for Exchange and Clearing, ) in Belgium. CORE is the largest European retail payment system by volume and value. STET has also developed a pan-European platform for instant payments named SEPA.EU.

Overview

STET was established in December 2004 by France's six main banks, namely BNP Paribas, Crédit Agricole, Crédit Mutuel, Groupe Caisse d'Épargne, Groupe Banque Populaire, and Société Générale, to replace a previous system known as the  (SIT). The initiative was intended as a French banking industry response to the creation of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). The retail payments operated by STET, named CORE(FR), replaced SIT which ceased operations in October 2008.

CORE clears payments from retail instruments such as wire transfers, promissory notes, direct debits, documentary collections, checks, or card payments, and allows for the exchange of SEPA Credit Transfers (SCTs) in France and across the EU. CORE started operations in January 2008 and eventually replaced the SIT in mid-2008.

In March 2013, the CEC, which operated as interbank clearing house in Belgium, in turn completed its migration to the STET platform. The Belgian and French clearing services members are still treated differentially, however.

In December 2015, STET merged with SER2S, the manager of real-time payment instructions for the French CB payment cards consortium, and converted itself into a French joint-stock company, STET SA. By end-2016, the Bank of France, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, Crédit Mutuel Arkéa and HSBC France had joined the shareholder banks as direct participants in CORE(FR), and the system had 177 indirect participants.

CORE migrated its SEPA Direct Debits (SDDs) on  to the pan-European platform SEPA.EU, and its SCTs in 2018. SEPA.EU allows for instant payments, activated on , as well as the management of APIs in line with the second Payment Services Directive. As described in 2016, its competitors in Europe included RT1 (by EBA Clearing), equensWorldline (by Worldline), and .

See also
 Electronic funds transfer
 TIPANET
 HiPay

Notes 

Payment clearing systems
Bernd Sikora. Bernd Sikora (born 18 August 1940 in Stollberg) is a German architect, graphic designer and author.

Life and work 
Sikora was born into the merchant family of Georg and Eleonore Sikora. After spending his childhood and youth in Oelsnitz in the Ore Mountains, he travelled to Leipzig, Stuttgart and Lake Maggiore and decided to become an architect. After graduating from high school, he studied architecture and structural engineering at the Leipzig School of Civil Engineering from 1956 to 1960.After successfully completing his studies, he worked as an architect in building construction until 1965.Through his collaboration with artists in trade fair and exhibition construction, he became increasingly interested in design.From 1965 to 1970, he studied at the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig under Werner Tübke and Wolfgang Mattheuer, among others.After completing his studies, Sikora worked as a freelance artist in the field of applied arts and from 1971 was given a lectureship in design theory at the Technical University of Magdeburg and from 1972 to 1997 a lectureship in art history, stage design and design theory at the Theaterhochschule Leipzig.After German reunification, he founded his own architectural practice together with Hans Krusenbaum and Bodo von Essen and was involved in various art and cultural projects, including the Waldstraßenviertel and ‘Neue Ufer’ in Leipzig. He was a lecturer in industrial architecture at the Institute for Industrial Archaeology, History of Science and Technology at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology and is a speaker at lectures and guided tours.

Sikora is a founding member of the Deutscher Werkbund Sachsen. He was chairman of the Deutscher Werkbund from 2006 to 2008.

Sikora was friends with the photographer Norbert Vogel.

Work

Buildings 

 2000: Glückaufturm, observation tower on a former spoil tip in Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.
 2003: Saints Bridge, A footbridge bridge over the Elstermühlgraben in Leipzig
 2006: The square above the Gustav Adolf Bridge on the Elstermühlgraben in Leipzig

Bibliography

Notes

References 

1940 births
Living people
20th-century German designers
21st-century German designers
20th-century German architects
21st-century German architects
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal co-published monthly by Wiley. Established in 1985, it covers fundamentals and applications of numerical modeling in biomedical engineering. Its editor-in-chief is Perumal Nithiarasu (Swansea University).

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.2.

References

External links

Monthly journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Academic journals established in 1985
English-language journals
Biomedical engineering journals
Computational modeling journals
USS Richard J. Danzig. USS Richard J. Danzig (DDG-143) is a planned Flight III  guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, the 93rd overall of the class. She is named for former Secretary of the Navy Richard Danzig.

Design and Construction 

As a Flight III Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, Richard Danzig would be mounted with the more powerful AN/SPY-6 radar compared to her sister mates. This radar, and other modifications, would allow Flight III destroyers to serve as a replacement for the air-defense roles of Ticonderoga-class cruisers.

She was ordered in 2023 as part of a larger 5-year plan to build 9 Flight III ships, and is expected to begin fabrication in 2027.

In 2024, she was named for former Secretary of the Navy Richard Danzig as he was a "visionary leader in the mold of the greatest naval leaders that came before [him]".

References 

United States naval ship stubs
Proposed ships of the United States Navy
USS Michael G. Mullen. USS Michael G. Mullen (DDG-144) is a planned Flight III  guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, the 94th overall of the class. She is named for former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Michael Mullen.

Design and Construction 

As a Flight III Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, she would be mounted with the more powerful AN/SPY-6 radar compared to her sister ships. This radar, and other modifications, would allow Flight III destroyers to serve as a replacement for the air-defense roles of Ticonderoga-class cruisers.

She was ordered in 2023 as part of a larger 5-year plan to build 9 Flight III ships and is expected to start fabrication in 2027.

In 2024, she was named after the former chairman, as he was a, "visionary leader in the mold of the greatest naval leaders that came before [them]".

References 

Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
Proposed ships of the United States Navy
S.Y.H. Su. S.Y.H. Su was professor of Computer Science known for his contributions in Hardware description languages and hardware testing. After serving at several institutions, he joined Binghamton University in 1978, from where he retired.

Education
Stephen Y.H. Su (formerly known as Yueh-Hsung Su) was born in Fukien, China, on July 6, 1938. He received  B.S. in electrical engineering from the National Taiwan University, and the M.S. in electrical engineering in 1963.  He received Ph.D. in computer engineering, both from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1967 where he was advised by Professor Donald L. Dietmeyer on the automated synthesis of digital circuits.

Academic Career
He served as a faculty member at University of Southern California, Case Western Reserve University, City University of New York, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, and the Utah State University before joining Binghamton University in 1978  as the Chairman of the Department of Computer Science.

Professional Contributions

He served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transaction on Computers. He was the Guest Editor for Computer Special Issue on Hardware Description Language Applications. He served as a chair  of the 1975 International Symposium on Computer Hardware Description Languages and Their Applications and the 1976 International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic. He was an Advisor for the IEEE Distinguished Visitor Program.

He received the Engineer of the Year Award in 1981. 

He and his students published widely on automated design of digital circuits, hardware description language, fault detection, intermittent, delay and transistor-level faults. He supervised several PhD students including Chi-Lai Huang who had worked on a hardware description language LALSD. He later co-invented Verilog hardware description language at Gateway Design Automation. His student Yacoub El-Ziq co-founded a startup XCAT, producing a dedicated hardware system for simulation and test generation in 1985. It was later acquired by Gateway Design Automation.

References

 

American computer scientists
Chinese computer scientists
Taiwanese computer scientists
University of Wisconsin alumni
Binghamton University faculty
1938 births
Sara Hooker. Sara Hooker is a computer scientist who works in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). She is known for her work on model efficiency at scale, large language models and areas of research on algorithmic bias and fairness in machine learning. As VP of Research at Cohere, she launched the Cohere For AI scholars program. In 2023, she was listed as one of AI's top 13 innovators by Fortune. In 2024, she was in TIME's 2024 list of the most influential people in AI.

Sara Hooker is on Kaggle's ML Advisory Research Board and the World Economic Forum council on the Future of Artificial Intelligence. She is also a member of the MLC research group.

Early life and Education 
Sara Hooker was born in Dublin, Ireland. At four years old, her parents moved to Lesotho. She grew up in South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini and Kenya until she was 19.

Hooker earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science from Mila - Quebec AI Institute, has a bachelor's from Carleton College with a dual major in Economics and International Relations, and an Economics degree from the Fundação Getulio Vargas. She also has an International Baccalaureate in IB Diploma from the Waterford Kamhlaba United World College.

Career 
In 2014, she founded Delta Analytics, which develops technical capacity for non-profits.

In 2017, Sara Hooker joined Google Brain as a research scientist who worked on interpretability and efficiency at scale. She was part of the original research team involved in founding Google's Ghana engineering office.

In April 2022, Sara joined start-up Cohere to lead Cohere For AI. The lab has since released projects, such as Aya, which aim to increase multilingual coverage. Sara also launched a grant program

References 

British computer scientists
Living people
Google employees
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bacanuchi River. The Bacanuchi River (Spanish: ) is a river of Mexico in the northern part of the Sonora River basin, and a tributary of the Sonora River. Its drainage basin has an area of 1431 square kilometers.

In August 2014, a Grupo México copper mine spilled 10 million gallons of acidified copper sulfate solution into the Bacanuchi River. María Luisa Albores González, the head of Mexico's Environment Department, described the incident as "the most serious environmental disaster in the history of metal mining in Mexico."

References 

Rivers of Sonora
Acetamidine hydrochloride. Acetamidine hydrochloride is an organic compound with the formula , used in the synthesis of many nitrogen-bearing compounds. It is the hydrochloride of acetamidine, one of the simplest amidines.

Properties 
Acetamidine hydrochloride is a hygroscopic solid which forms colourless monoclinic crystals. It is soluble in water and alcohol.

It releases ammonium chloride upon heating. Dry acetamidine hydrochloride releases acetonitrile, while in aqueous solution, it instead undergoes hydrolysis to acetic acid and ammonia.

As free base amidines are strong Lewis bases, acetamidine hydrochloride is a weak Lewis acid. Treatment with strong base gives free base acetamidine:

Synthesis 
Acetamidine hydrochloride is synthesised in a two-step process that begins with a solution of acetonitrile in ethanol at close to . First, the mixture is treated with anhydrous hydrogen chloride in a Pinner reaction, producing crystals of acetimido ethyl ether hydrochloride:

The imino ether salt is then treated with an excess of ammonia in dry ethanol, converting the ether to the amidine:

All reagents must be thoroughly dried using a strong desiccant such as phosphorus pentoxide, as the intermediate imido ether is susceptible to hydrolysis, yielding ammonium chloride and ethyl formate. Layers of ammonium chloride can form on the imido ether salt, limiting the formation of amidine.

Applications 
As a source of amidine, acetamidine hydrochloride is a precursor to the industrial and laboratory synthesis of many nitrogen compounds. It reacts with β-dicarbonyls to produce substituted pyrimidines, with acetaldehydes to form substituted imidazoles, and with imidates to form substituted triazines.

In particular, its reaction with a dicarbonyl intermediate is an early step in the synthesis of thyamine (vitamin B1) and many of its derivatives.

References

Hydrochlorides
Amidines
Michelle Sabick. Michelle B. Sabick is an American biomechanical engineer specializing in the biomechanics of athletic performance and the applications of biomechanics to sports medicine. She is the dean of engineering at the University of Denver, the former dean of engineering at Saint Louis University, and the former president of the American Society of Biomechanics.

Education and career 
Sabick studied biomedical engineering as an undergraduate at Case Western Reserve University. She continued her studies as a graduate student at the University of Iowa, earning a Master's degree and Ph.D. She became a postdoctoral researcher at the Mayo Clinic and then a researcher at the Steadman-Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation in Colorado, at that time also holding adjunct faculty positions at Colorado State University and the Colorado School of Mines. 

Sabick returned to academia as a faculty member at Boise State University, becoming chair of mechanical and biomedical engineering from 2011 to 2014; she was promoted to full professor in 2012. She moved to Saint Louis University as chair of biomedical engineering in 2014. In 2016, she was appointed as dean of the university's Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology. In 2021 she moved again, to her current position as dean at the University of Denver.

Sabick was president of the American Society of Biomechanics for the 2019–2020 term. She was named as a Fellow of the American Society of Biomechanics in 2022.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American bioengineers
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Women mechanical engineers
Women bioengineers
Case Western Reserve University alumni
University of Iowa alumni
Boise State University faculty
Saint Louis University faculty
University of Denver faculty
Women biomechanists
Landau–de Gennes theory. In physics, Landau–de Gennes theory describes the NI transition, i.e., phase transition between nematic liquid crystals and isotropic liquids, which is based on the classical Landau's theory and was developed by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes in 1969. The phenomonological theory uses the  tensor as an order parameter in expanding the free energy density.

Mathematical description
The NI transition is a first-order phase transition, albeit it is very weak. The order parameter is the  tensor, which is symmetric, traceless, second-order tensor and vanishes in the isotropic liquid phase. We shall consider a uniaxial  tensor, which is defined by

where  is the scalar order parameter and  is the director. The  tensor is zero in the isotropic liquid phase since the scalar order parameter  is zero, but becomes non-zero in the nematic phase.

Near the NI transition, the (Helmholtz or Gibbs) free energy density  is expanded about as

or more compactly

Further, we can expand ,  and  with  being three positive constants. Now substituting the  tensor results in

This is minimized when

The two required solutions of this equation are

The NI transition temperature   is not simply equal to  (which would be the case in second-order phase transition), but is given by

 is the scalar order parameter at the transition.

References

Soft matter
Phase transitions
Liquid crystals
Lead(II) phthalocyanine. Lead(II) Phthalocyanine (PbPc), also known as phthalocyanine lead, is a salt consisting of a lead ion and Pc2−, the conjugate base of pythalocyanine. It is a organolead dye and bright purple powder. It's also used as a near infared light absorber for photodetectors. It has a unique structural feature which is called and resembles a "shuttle cock."

References 

Phthalocyanines
Macrocycles
Lead(II) compounds
Organic pigments
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, covering computer-aided design methodologies for radio-frequency and microwave engineering. Established in 1991 and originally published by Wiley, it was transferred to its subsidiary Hindawi in 2023, adopting an open access model. The journal was previously known as International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering until 1998.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.7.

References

External links

Electromagnetism journals
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Hindawi Publishing Corporation academic journals
Academic journals established in 1991
Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Computational modeling journals
Kylie Catchpole. Kylie R. Catchpole is a solar energy researcher, who was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences in 2024. She is also a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences. She is a professor at the Australian National University.

Education 
Catchpole has an undergraduate degree in physics (hons) from ANU, and a PhD in engineering, also from ANU. She subsequently published much in physical chemistry journals, having worked at ANU since 2017 to present. In describing her early life and career path, she mentioned that:"I have an undergraduate degree in physics. At the time I was not sure what I wanted to do with that. I thought maybe studying particle physics – I was very curious about the origins of the universe. At the same time, I wanted to do something to help the environment, but I didn’t have an idea of how I could use my interests and skills to do that. Then I discovered solar cell research. It was a perfect fit of my analytical bent and curiosity to a research field that could really make a difference to the world."

Career 
Catchpole is a researcher in the field of solar energy. Her work on the mechanisms of nanoscale interaction between light and semiconductors contributed to new approaches to improve light absorption in solar cells. She was involved in the development of perovskite solar cells and tandem solar cells with notable efficiencies, focusing on how ions, electrons, and device structure affect solar cell performance. She has also been involved in the creation of solar hydrogen technology, which has been recognized for its efficiency in hydrogen generation using low-cost materials.

Her work has shown that:"include showing that the efficiency of thin solar cells can be improved using tiny metal particles, which act like antennas to direct light into the solar cell. This has opened up a range of new possibilities for reducing the cost of solar electricity."Catchpole has many ARENA-funded projects on perovskite-silicon solar cells.

Publications 
Catchpole has an H number of 58, as at May 2024, and over 17,969 citations according to her Google Scholar page. Select publications are listed below:

 KR Catchpole, A Polman (2008) Plasmonic solar cells. Optics express 16 (26), 21793–21800.
 KR Catchpole, A Polman (2008) Design principles for particle plasmon enhanced solar cells. Applied Physics Letters 93 (19).

Media 
Catchpole has four articles published in The Conversation, on topics ranging from Net Zero, renewables, electricity costs, and solar roofs.

Awards 

 2024 – Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.
 2022 – Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering.
 2015 – John Booker Academy of Science prize for engineering.
 2011 – Episode winner on ABC TV's New Inventors.
 2010 – MIT Technological Review's '10 most important emerging technologies'
 2009 – Tall Poppy – ACT.

References 

Living people
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Australian women scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Thomas W. Kenny. Thomas William Kenny Jr. is an American entrepreneur and mechanical engineer at Stanford University, where he holds the Richard W. Weiland Professorship in the School of Engineering. Along with Ken Goodson and Juan Santiago, Kenny was a co-founder of Cooligy, which was acquired by Emerson Network Power in 2005.

Kenny received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1983, as well as Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1989 and 1993, respectively. He worked for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from 1989 to 1993, where his research included the "development of electron-tunneling high-resolution microsensors." He moved to the mechanical engineering department at Stanford University in 1994, where he continues to study sensors and micromechanics. Kenny works with professors Goodson and Santiago within the department; in 2001, the trio founded an electronics cooling company named Cooligy, which was acquired by Emerson in 2005.

At Stanford, Kenny serves as Richard W. Weiland Professor, and was formerly Paul Davies Family University Fellow in Undergraduate Education. He is the professor of the eponymous Kenny Group, which studies microstructures and sensors. Kenny's awards and honors include: the CAREER Award (NSF, 1995–1999), the Technical Achievement Award (IEEE, 2011), fellowship in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2014), the Daniel Noble Award for Emerging Technologies (IEEE, 2019), and election to the National Academy of Engineering (2022). In 2024, Kenny gave the Yunchuan Aisinjioro-Soo Distinguished Lecture at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications.

Notes

References

External links 
 Profile at 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from San Carlos, California
American mechanical engineers
American electronics engineers
American lecturers
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
University of Minnesota alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Jet Propulsion Laboratory faculty
Stanford University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering