omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of pilot training institutes in India. In India, civil aviation is regulated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) which recognizes 35 (as of 2023) Flying Training Organisations (FTO) for flight training and seven (including one in Singapore) Aircraft Type Training Organisations or Approved Training Organisations (ATO) for type rating. In Indian Armed Forces, aircraft are used by the Indian Air Force, the Army Aviation Corps, the Indian Naval Air Arm, and the Indian Coast Guard, who train officers at their military establishments.

Civil aviation

Flying Training Organisations

Aircraft Type Training Organisations

Military aviation

Army Aviation Corps

Army Aviation Corps is the aviation branch of the Indian Army. Their inventory consists of helicopters.

Indian Air Force
Training Command is responsible for training Indian Air Force officers who are trained at Flying Training Establishments (FTE). Officers undergo basic Stage-I training at the Air Force Academy and after trifurcating them into Fighter, Transport, and Helicopter streams, they are sent to the respective FTEs for Stage-II (advanced) and Stage-III (specialization) training.

Indian Naval Air Arm
Indian Naval Air Arm is the naval aviation branch of the Indian Navy. Officers undergo a mandatory Naval Orientation Course at the Indian Naval Academy and take a pre-flying training at School for Naval Airmen and are send to either Air Force Academy or Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi for ab-initio flying training. On completion, they are trifurcated into Fighter, Fixed wing, and Rotary wing streams and send to respective training stations for advanced training and specialization.

Indian Coast Guard

See also
 Military academies in India
 List of airlines of India
 List of airports in India
 List of active Indian military aircraft
 List of Indian naval air squadrons

References

External links
 

Aviation schools in India
Civil aviation in India
India aviation-related lists
Flying clubs
Hai-Hu Wen. Hai-Hu Wen is a Chinese physicist.

Wen studied physics at Anhui University, and obtained postgraduate degrees at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. After completing postdoctoral study at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Wen returned to IOPCAS, and accepted a professorship at Nanjing University. In 2013, he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society, "[f]or investigations of unconventional pairing mechanisms in high temperature superconductors and elucidation of their vortex dynamics."

References

Anhui University alumni
Academic staff of Nanjing University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Chinese physicists
20th-century Chinese physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Corina Sandu. Corina Sandu is a Romanian-American mechanical engineer, the Robert E. Hord Jr. Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech. Her research topics include multibody systems, vehicle dynamics, and terramechanics, the interactions between soil properties and vehicle dynamics.

Education and career
Sandu earned a diploma in mechanics from the Politehnica University of Bucharest in 1991. She went to the University of Iowa for graduate study in mechanical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1995 and completing her Ph.D. in 2000.

She joined the Virginia Tech faculty in 2003, and was named Robert E. Hord Jr. Professor in 2020.

As of 2022, she is president of the International Society for Terrain Vehicle Systems, and editor-in-chief of the journals Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines and SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles.

Recognition
Sandu was named an ASME Fellow in 2012, and a Fellow of SAE International in 2017.

In 2013, SAE International gave Sandu two of their awards, the Rodica Baranescu Award for Technical & Leadership Excellence in Commercial Vehicle Engineering and the Forest R. McFarland Award for outstanding contributions to engineering meetings.

References

External links
Terramechanics, Multibody and Vehicle Systems Laboratory

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Romanian engineers
Romanian women engineers
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
University of Iowa alumni
Virginia Tech faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Expansion (sculpture). Expansion is a contemporary art mixed media sculpture (bronze and electricity) by Paige Bradley, first exhibited in 2004. It is a depiction of a nude woman in a meditative state with light emanating from cracks in the body.

History
Bradley began with a wax sculpture of a woman who appears to be meditating in the lotus position. She then dropped the sculpture on the floor allowing it to break into pieces. Bradley cast the pieces of the wax sculpture in bronze, and assembled the pieces so that they floated apart from one another and then she had a lighting specialist construct a system which lights the statue from within. The work was first displayed in New York in 2004.

Design
The artist made a series of the sculpture in different sizes. The sculptures have names such as "half life" and "heroic". One of the Expansion sculptures at the Cutter & Cutter Fine Art gallery is life size (47" x 63" x 27"). The Expansion sculpture was said by the Cutter & Cutter Fine Art gallery to be the first ever bronze sculpture to utilize Illumination from within. The illumination makes the sculpture of a naked woman appear to be bleeding light from within out of the spaces between the cracks in the bronze.

Reception 
In 2015 Alice Yoo of My Modern Met called it a "Cracked Light Sculpture" and a "stunningly beautiful sculpture". In 2017 Bored Panda put the sculpture at number 1 on their list of "42 of the Most Amazing Sculptures in the World". The success of her sculpture led Bradley to produce more sculptures (Illumination and Illumination, Half Life) with the same theme of "Expansion".

References

External links
Video – creating Expansion archived at Ghostarchive.org on 07 Jun 2022

Bronze sculptures in the United States
2004 sculptures
Outdoor sculptures in the United States
Nude sculptures
Nasira Akhter. Nasira Akhter (born 1 February 1972) is an Indian inventor from Kulgam in Jammu and Kashmir. She dropped out of school and became interested in the uses of herbs. Akhter worked at the Kashmir University Science Instrumentation Centre for over eight years to develop a means to make polythene biodegradable. She found a solution using an undisclosed herb in 2008. The herb is made into a paste and this is applied to the polythene before it is set alight. The polythene is disposed of without any reported pollution. In recognition of her achievements, she received the Nari Shakti Puraskar on International Women's Day 2022 from the President of India Ram Nath Kovind.

References

1972 births
21st-century Indian inventors
Academic staff of the University of Kashmir
Nari Shakti Puraskar winners
Women from Jammu and Kashmir
People from Kulgam district
Living people
Offshore wind port. An offshore wind port describes several distinct types of port facilities that are used to support manufacturing, construction and operation of an offshore wind power project. Offshore wind turbine components are larger than onshore wind components. Handling of such large components requires special equipment. Transporting of components between manufacturing and assembling facilities is to be minimized. As a result, a number of offshore wind port facilities have been built in areas with a high concentration of offshore wind developments. For large offshore wind farm projects, some offshore wind ports have become strategic hubs of the industry's supply chain.

The  Port of Esbjerg in Denmark is considered the world's largest offshore wind port.

Types

Small oceanic ports
These are small port facilities to launch survey vessels used in an early stage of an offshore wind farm development.

Manufacturing ports
Large offshore wind turbine components are difficult to transport over land. Locating a manufacturing facility at a port is more desirable. Subcomponents and materials may be brought through roads or railways. After components are built, they are typically shipped to a marshaling port for the final assembly.

Marshaling ports
Marshaling ports (also known as staging ports) are used to collect and store wind turbine components prior to loading them on to wind turbine installation vessels. They are preferably located where there is unrestricted air draft to the wind farm site.

Operating and maintenance ports
Operating and maintenance ports house facilities and vessels that are required for ongoing operating and maintenance of offshore wind farms. This may include part warehouse, offices, and training facilities.

By region

Europe
The six leading offshore wind ports in Europe service wind farms in the North Sea. Their respective countries signed the Ejsberg Declaration in 2022 in which they agreed to coordinate supply chain activities to optimize the manufacture and delivery of wind turbine components.
 Port of Esbjerg, (DK), the world's largest offshore wind port
 Port of Ostend, (BE)
 Groningen Seaports/Eemshaven, (NL)
 Niedersachsen Ports/Cuxhaven, (DE)
 Nantes/Saint-Nazaire, (FR)
 Humber/Port of Hull (UK)

United States
As of 2021, offshore wind power in the United States was described as a "burgeoning" industry. At that time, a number of ports were proposing to build or convert facilities to handle the large components needed to build potential offshore wind farms. Among those on the East Coast, from north to south are:

Salem Harbor (MA)
Port of New Bedford (MA)
Brayton Point Commerce Center/Mount Hope Bay (MA)
Port of Providence (RI)
State Pier, Port of New London (CT)
Arthur Kill Terminal (NY)
Port of Paulsboro (NJ)
New Jersey Wind Port, the "first offshore wind port" in the United States, which broke ground in late 2021
Port of Baltimore (MD) - Sparrows Point
Portsmouth Marine Terminal (VA)

References

 
Infrastructure
Industrial buildings and structures
Wind power
Beth Todd. Beth Ann Todd is an American engineering educator and biomechanical engineer who studies the mechanics of the human body and of assistive technology, and works to integrate graduate students in engineering into primary and secondary school mathematics and science education. She is an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Alabama.

Education and career
Todd is a 1981 graduate of Pennsylvania State University, and earned a master's degree in applied mechanics in 1986 and a Ph.D. in mechanical and aerospace engineering in 1992 from the University of Virginia. She joined the University of Alabama faculty in 1992, and became an associate professor there in 2001.

Recognition
Todd was named a Fellow of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) in 2004, "for her leadership, commitment to students, support of the achievement of women in engineering and passion for the engineering profession". She was named an ASME Fellow in 2011.

In 2008 the SWE gave Todd their Outstanding Faculty Advisor Award, and in 2013 they gave her their Distinguished Engineering Educator Award, "for a legacy of excellence in engineering education and for using scholarly research and involvement in professional societies to help students learn, compete, and achieve".

In 2006, Pennsylvania State University named her as a Centennial Fellow in the Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American bioengineers
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Pennsylvania State University alumni
University of Virginia alumni
University of Alabama faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Ampaire. Ampaire is an American aircraft manufacturer startup based in Hawthorne, California.

History 

The company developed the Electric EEL, based on a Cessna 337 Skymaster (a push-pull aircraft) with a piston engine replaced by an electric motor powered by a battery, in a parallel hybrid configuration. The demonstrator first flew on 6 June 2019.

In 2020, Scottish regional carrier Loganair trialled the Electric EEL with 70% fuel savings for short hops and 50% for longer flights of 50-250 miles (80-400 km).
In February 2021, online booking platform Surf Air Mobility attempted to acquire Ampaire, but this was abandoned by April 2022.
By then, ground tests of its Eco Caravan, a hybrid-electric Grand Caravan, were under way, towards a first flight in the second half of 2022 and service entry in 2024, as a retrofit with a STC.

The parallel hybrid architecture does not require recharging after each flight, to avoid being dependent on charging infrastructure. Ampaire is considering for 2025 or 2026 a 19-passenger Eco Otter SX based on the De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter with four motors instead of two turboprops. Ampaire next step would be a Dash 8 or ATR type, and ultimately a clean-sheet Tailwind with a propulsive ducted fan for boundary-layer ingestion.

On 18 November 2022, Ampaire flew its Eco-Caravan maiden flight: the hybrid electric aircraft uses a RED A03 diesel engine to reduce fuel consumption by 70% on shorter trips to 50% on longer ones, retaining the Grand Caravan payload capabilities with range improved to ; supplemental type certificate (STC) is targeted for 2024.

The smaller  AMP-H270 powertrain uses a DeltaHawk DH180 diesel engine, providing a 45% cruise efficiency gain over a conventional combustion engine and double the efficiency of comparable gas turbines.

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Electric aircraft
Hybrid electric aircraft
Future Network Development Conference. The Future Network Development Conference () is about future network development of the international exchange conference. It is held in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China.

History

First Conference
The first Conference was surrounding the topic about creation, cooperation, reciprocity, future development and held the Internet Financial Security Forum by Chinese Academy of Engineering and Nanjing Municipal Government on 17–18 April 2017.

Second Conference
The second Conference topic was about creation, lead, and future, led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Jiangsu Provincial Government, held by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Nanjing Municipal Government. The participants were experts, business, and a total of 400 from all over the world. The project of the CENI was started up at the Second Conference.

Third Conference
The third Conference topic was about internet global, win for the future, total of 400 experts, business surrounding discussion of the network challenge and follow-up development opportunity on 22–23 May 2019.

Fourth Conference
The fourth Conference discussed the future of network development,  emphasized the global influence of the future network, and focused on innovative applications and cross-border integration of global high-end industries such as artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, and blockchain. The conference participants were the experts and business about the future network, security network, blockchain and artificial intelligence related fields on 14–15 August 2020.

Fifth Conference
The fifth Conference discussed the Network Operation System, 6G communication, security network, Industrial Internet, held by  physical and online meetings on 17–18 June 2021. The closing ceremony contracted a total investment of 15.46 billion of the 28 projects.

References

Conferences in China
2017 conferences
2018 conferences
2019 conferences
2020 conferences
2021 conferences
21st-century conferences
British Rail Class 99 (locomotive). The British Rail Class 99 is a class of dual-mode electro-diesel Co-Co locomotives that will haul freight trains on both electrified and non-electrified lines. It is based on the Stadler Euro Dual platform.

Specification
The  locomotive has a maximum tractive effort of "up to" , and a power rating of  in electric mode. These figures exceed those of the diesel-powered British Rail Class 66.

Diesel performance
The Class 99 locomotive has a 16-cylinder  Cummins QSK50 engine installed.

Peter Dearman, an expert in traction electrification, 
reported in Rail Engineer in early 2023 that the Class 99 may only be able to deliver  at the rail in diesel mode. However, this was before the first production locomotive was exhibited at InnoTrans in September 2024.

The chief executive of GBRf, John Smith, reports that the Class 99, despite having a less powerful diesel engine than the Class 66, will outperform the Class 66 at low speeds. The greater tractive effort means that the Class 99 on diesel power can deliver more power at the rail than the 66.

Planned use
The locomotives are expected to enter service in 2025, and will most likely to be first used for intermodal work on the West Coast and East Coast mainlines.

They will be maintained by Stadler at a new facility in Leicester.

History
In April 2022, Beacon Rail and GB Railfreight signed an agreement for the supply of 30 locomotives to replace their Class 66 locomotives.

The locomotive was formally launched by GBRf in September 2024 at Innotrans 2024. 
Testing will begin in the UK in May 2025.

See also
British Rail Class 93 (Stadler)

References

External links
 Specification datasheet from Beacon Rail

99
Co-Co locomotives
Electro-diesel locomotives of Great Britain

Stadler locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
25 kV AC locomotives
Patricia Ann Ferguson. Patricia Ann Ferguson (12 February 1936, Dundee – 24 March 2022, Auchterarder) was a Scottish civil engineer. She was chairwoman of Fife Health Board.

She studied at the High School of Dundee and St Margaret's School for Girls, and as a mature student, the University of St Andrews and the Royal Military College of Science, having been approved by Denis Healey. She was a chief civil engineer constructing oil platforms.

She was a competitive showjumper.

References 

1936 births
2022 deaths
Scottish civil engineers
Engineers from Dundee
People educated at the High School of Dundee
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
20th-century Scottish women engineers
20th-century Scottish engineers
21st-century Scottish women engineers
21st-century Scottish engineers
Environmental issues in Wales. Various environmental issues are facing Wales, including climate change, pollution and ecosystem loss, and the various policies to address them.

Carbon emissions

Sources 

 Energy supply is the largest source
 14% agriculture, including the contribution of 8.9 million sheep and 414,000 cows
 Cars alone are responsible for 60% of the transport emission. A move to hybrid and electric may reduce emissions.
 Iron and steel industries in Wales contribute 60% of business emissions

Trends 
Emissions are reducing in Wales. After 2016, shutting the last coal-fired power station in Wales contributed "toward half" of the fall in emissions in 2016. Over the last 30 years, there has been a 31% cut in emissions. The goal for 2030 is to have reached a 63% reduction, and by 2050 to reach net-zero carbon emission. These aims are a significant challenge.

Welsh Government Targets 
2021–2025: average 37% reduction

2026–2030: average 58% reduction

2030: 63% reduction

2040: 89%

2050: at least net zero

Climate change 

Climate change is a factor during the assessment for future developments in Wales since December 2021. Wales is the first country in the UK where developers must consider future flood risk due or coastal erosion due to global warming. 11.3% of land in Wales will be at risk from flooding in the future, up from 9.86% as previously projected.

Recycling capabilities 

Wales' recycling rate was 4.8% in 1998–1999 but has now risen to 65.4% in 2021, ranking Wales as the third-best recycling country in the world, behind only Germany and Taiwan. the Welsh Government states that this has been helped by a £1 billion investment since the establishment of the Senedd in 1999. The high rate of recycling household waste in Wales is said to avoid the release of 400,000 tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere each year and is a "key" contribution to reducing climate change.

The Welsh Government’s circular economy plans states a plan to achieve zero waste in Wales by 2050.

Air PollutionAnalysis of Imperial College London data by the Central Office of Public Interest (COPI), a campaign group, found that 93% of people in Wales lived in postcodes that were exposed to air that breached at least one WHO limit for toxic pollutants.

Legal 
The Environment (Wales) Act 2016 required the Welsh Government to set reduced emission targets by the end of 2018.

Sustainable developments 
The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) is an eco-centre in Powys, mid-Wales, dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development. CAT, despite its name, no longer concentrates its efforts exclusively on alternative technology, but provides information on all aspects of sustainable living.

See also

 Environment Wales
 Renewable energy in Wales
 Wales Green Party

References
Georgia Street Bridge-Caltrans Bridge. The Georgia Street Bridge in San Diego, California, was constructed in 1907 to carry traffic, after a streetcar line was cut through a ridge where Georgia Street stood. In 1914, a Romanesque spandrel arch with Mission Revival styling made of reinforced concrete and designed by J.R. Comly was built there.

It was designed to complement the Panama–California Exposition at nearby Balboa Park. Between 1914 and 1948, the San Diego Electric Railway's East San Diego Trolley Line traveled under the bridge along University Avenue. Upon application by the University Heights Historical Society, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

The bridge was restored in 2016, uncovering several artifacts, including trolley tracks and a spoon.

References

External links
 GEORGIA STREET BRIDGE--CALTRANS BRIDGE at CA.gov
 Georgia Street Bridge in North Park at SanDiego.gov
 Georgia Street Bridge Historical Resource Technical Report

Bridges in San Diego
Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in San Diego