omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fast.ai. fast.ai is a non-profit research group focused on deep learning and artificial intelligence. It was founded in 2016 by Jeremy Howard and Rachel Thomas with the goal of democratizing deep learning. They do this by providing a massive open online course (MOOC) named "Practical Deep Learning for Coders," which has no other prerequisites except for knowledge of the programming language Python.

Massive Open Online Course
The free MOOC "Practical Deep Learning for Coders" is available as recorded videos, initially taught by Howard and Thomas at the University of San Francisco. In contrast to other online learning platforms such as Coursera or Udemy, a certificate is not granted to those successfully finishing the course online. Only the students following the in-person classes can obtain a certificate from the University of San Francisco. 

The MOOC consists of two parts, each containing seven lessons. Topics include image classification, stochastic gradient descent, natural language processing (NLP), and various deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recursive neural networks (RNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs).

Applications and alumni
 In 2018, students of fast.ai participated in the Stanford’s DAWNBench challenge alongside big tech companies such as Google and Intel. While Google could obtain an edge in some challenges due to its highly specialized TPU chips, the CIFAR-10 challenge was won by the fast.ai students, programming the fastest and cheapest algorithms. 

 As a fast.ai student, alumna Sara Hooker created software to detect illegal deforestation. She later became a founding member of Google AI in Accra, Ghana—the first AI research office in Africa.

Software
In the fall of 2018, fast.ai released v1.0 of their free open-source library for deep learning called fastai (without a period), sitting atop PyTorch. Google Cloud was the first to announce its support. This open-source framework is hosted on GitHub and is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

References

External links
 

Artificial intelligence associations
Computer science research organizations
Carlos Nobre (scientist). Carlos Afonso Nobre (born March 27, 1951) is a Brazilian scientist and meteorologist who is mainly highlighted in global warming-related studies. Nobre spearheaded the multi-disciplinary, multinational Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, a program noted to have “revolutionized understanding of the Amazon rainforest and its role in the Earth system.”

Education
Nobre graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica in 1974, and began working in Manaus at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) the following year. He earned a Ph.D. in Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and studied Dynamic Meteorology of the Tropical Region with Jule Charney and Jagadish Shukla, pioneers in the construction of climate models, until 1982.

Biography 
Nobre returned to his birth city—São Paulo, Brazil—after receiving his Ph.D. Today he is a senior scientist at INPA but would visit abroad other times during research seasons. He began his research in 1988 as a visiting researcher at the University of Maryland, which would be recognized as pioneers in the analysis of the impacts of deforestation on the climate and posited the possibility of the Amazon becoming a savannah as a result of global warming, with potential mass extinction at the regional level. He worked in the coordination of large scientific projects in the Amazon and highlighted the Anglo-Brazilian Experiment of Amazon Climate Observations (ABRACOS) from 1990 to 1996, and the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon (LBA) from 1993 to 2000.

References

External links
 
 

Brazilian climate activists
Recipients of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
1951 births
Living people
Brazilian meteorologists
Shad (software). The  students education network (), with acronym Shad () That in addition to the abbreviation of the full name of the program, it refers to the word Shaad meaning happy, is a communication and educational software that was launched following the spread of the coronavirus due to the absence of students in schools in Iran. The software is owned by the Ministry of Education of Iran, and students, teachers and headmasters are the people who use this software.

At first, on 2020 April 4, Shaad Software was run only on messaging apps, and principals, teachers, and students needed to install one of the Bale, Soroush, Gap, iGap, and Rubica messengers and other, but on 2020 April 9, the Ministry of Education presented the software without needing to have those messengers. About 70% of Iranian students are members of this social network. Due to the emphasis of education on the installation and use of this software, a significant number of students were activated in this student network, which is estimated to be more than 17 million people. According to Mohammad Mehdi Nooripour, chairman of the Student Organization Assembly, Shad software has about 800,000 daily visits. 13 percent of Iranian students never had an electronic device for application setup.

History 
During the pandemic Shad development was delayed, and it was replaced by online TV teachers, but it has so many problems.

It was called Social network of students.

Products and services 

 shaadbin.ir ("children  search engine"- by Zarebin.ir)
 Student real life identity authentication (15 million students)
 Temporary free Internet bandwidth (mobile data-some designated Iranian mobile network corporations offered SIMs)
 External APIs for Iranian mobile apps

Use 
Private schools educators are not required to install the app.

Reception 
Simultaneously with the unveiling of the software, many students and teachers criticized the software. They claimed that the software had low quality and could not compensate for the training for students. In the view of some, its inefficiency is due to the fact that some students live in deprived areas and lack facilities such as computers, laptops, smartphones, and even high-speed or regular Internet. On the other hand, Mohammad Mehdi Nooripour and Majid Najafizadeh, Representatives of students and teachers of Iran thanked the Minister of Education for setting up this network at a meeting of Student Organization. Recently, in an update, new features have been added and the performance of Shad has been improved.

See also 
 COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

References

External links 
 https://shad.ir/ 
Official website

Social software
Educational software
Android (operating system) software
Mobile applications
Instant messaging clients
Rhonda Stroud. Rhonda M. Stroud (born 1971) is a materials physicist and planetary scientist at Arizona State University, where she serves as Director of the Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies.  From 1998- 2022, she was a Research Physicist at the United States Naval Research Laboratory, where she led the Nanoscale Materials Section. She is known for her research on nanostructures, including quasicrystals and aerogel, and on the materials that make up comets and cosmic dust. She pioneered the use of focused ion beam technology in the study of meteorites.

Education and career
Stroud graduated from Cornell University in 1991 and completed a Ph.D. in 1996 at Washington University in St. Louis. She joined the Naval Research Laboratory in 1996 as a postdoctoral researcher, and two years later obtained a permanent position there as a Research Physicist.

She served as president of the Microanalysis Society for 2018–2020.

Recognition
Stroud was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2010,  of the Microscopy Society of America in 2021., and of the Microanalysis society in 2022.
She is also a fellow of the Meteoritical Society. Asteroid 8468 Rhondastroud was named after her in 2012.

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
American physicists
American women physicists
American nanotechnologists
American planetary scientists
American women planetary scientists
Cornell University alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Washington University in St. Louis physicists
Subnitride. Subnitrides are a class of nitrides wherein the electropositive element is in excess relative to the “normal” nitrides.

Examples of subnitrides include

 Dicyanoacetylene
 Na16Ba6N features a nitride-centered octahedral cluster of six barium atoms embedded in a matrix of sodium.
 Boron subnitrides (B13N2, B50N2, B6N)

References

Nitrides
GE/PAC 4000. The GE/PAC 4000 computer systems are an obsolete line of computers manufactured by General Electric in Phoenix, Arizona beginning in the 1960s. PAC is short for Process Automation Computer, indicating the intended use of the systems for process control.

All 4000 systems are 24-bit, using fixed-point binary data, with between 1020 and 65,536 words of magnetic core memory, and a magnetic drum memory with 8192 to 262,144 word capacity. The CPU logic is implemented with discrete transistors. The systems can be configured with a wide variety of analog and digital inputs and outputs. 

The 4020 is the low-end model of the system. Three models of the 4000, the 4040, 4050, and 4060 differ in storage speed— 5μsec, 3.4μsec, and 1.7 and 2.38μsec respectively— and by the implementation of a serial arithmetic unit on the 4040 vs. parallel on the other systems,

Software
The operating system for the 4000 series is called "G-E-MONITOR", a "skeleton real-time system program." "Several versions of MONITOR are available, each tailored to the needs of a specific industry or process." Other software included Process Assembler Language (PAL), FORTRAN II, and Tabular Sequence Control (TASC). A set of memory load, dump, and change routines was provided.

Applications
A product brochure highlighted potential uses in the utility industry, food processing, manufacturing, the metal and chemical industry, paper and cement manufacturing, and petroleum.

References

Transistorized computers
General Electric
Charles Da Costa. Charles Da Costa (1889–1974) was an Australian architect known for his work as a railway architect in Queensland. He specialised in reinforced concrete and structural steel designs.

Early life 
Charles Brandon Da Costa was born in Townsville in 1889, the youngest child of Edwin Da Costa, the Townsville postmaster and his wife Sarah Warner. He apprenticed to T.S. Martin, an engineer and architect in Sydney between 1905 and 1907. Da Costa was awarded a first class diploma from the Sydney School of Mechanical Drawing in 1907 and was subsequently employed by the Queensland government in its Railways division. He was an Engineering Junior Draftsman between 1907 and 1910. He was promoted to Draftsman in 1911 and Designing Architectural Draftsman in 1919 but was retrenched in 1921.

Architectural practice 
He went into private practice where he was an architect and structural designer and worked with G. McLeish from 1927 to 1930. He became a registered architect in Queensland in 1929 (ARAIA). Da Costa was an advocate of the modernist movement in the 1920s and designed a number of Spanish-American style homes in Brisbane. He and a number of other architects lobbied the Brisbane City Council in 1931 to include an Advisory Aesthetic Board as part of their town planning department to help with the design of parks, foreshores and other spaces. He was employed by Burns Philp and Co in 1930 and then again took employment with the Queensland Railways in 1935. He was Principal Railway Architect between 1938 and 1955 when he retired. He lived in the Sandgate area. He died in 1974 and was survived by his four children. Drawings from Da Costa's private practice are held in the Fryer Library at the University of Queensland.

Personal life 
Da Costa married Florence Warner in Brisbane in 1910. They had four children.

Notable works 
Sandgate Bath House, 1925

Liberty Cinema, The Grange, 1930

Public Air Raid Shelter, Landsborough Railway Station

Tool and Gauge Shop, Ipswich Railway Workshops

Charleville Railway Station, 1957

References 

1889 births
1974 deaths
20th-century Australian architects
Railway architects
People from Townsville
International Federation of Enginemen and Firemen. The International Federation of Enginemen and Firemen (, IBMH) was a global union federation bringing together unions representing workers involved in operating heavy machinery.

The federation was founded in 1927, on the initiative of the German Central Union of Machinists and Stokers.  The two shared a leader, Hermann Klebe.  It applied to affiliate to the International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU), but was rejected, due to objections from the International Metalworkers' Federation.  The two organisations reached an agreement in 1929, and the federation affiliated to the IFTU in 1930.

In 1933, the German trade union movement was banned, and membership of the federation fell from about 75,000 to only 20,165.  The Austrian affiliate was banned in 1934, and the Polish affiliate was unable to pay its affiliation fee, leaving the federation with only three affiliates.  Despite this, it held a congress in London in 1937, but ceased to operate around the start of World War II.

References

Engine operators' trade unions
Trade unions established in 1927
Trade unions disestablished in 1939
Global union federations
Diesel & Electric Loco Shed, Krishnarajapuram. The Diesel & Electric Loco Shed, Krishnarajapuram is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for diesel locomotives and electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Krishnarajapuram (KJM) of the South Western Railway zone in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka. It is one of two diesel loco sheds and only electric loco sheds of the South Western Railway, the other being at Hubli.

Diesel Locomotives

Electric Locomotives

References

External links 

Diesel Shed (Krishnarajapuram) South Western Railway
Sheds and Workshops IRFCA

South Western Railway zone
1981 establishments in Karnataka
Rail transport in Karnataka
Buildings and structures in Bengaluru
Transport infrastructure completed in 1981
SS Rjev. Rjev or Rzhev () was a Hansa A Type cargo ship which was built as Hendrik Visser VII in 1944 by T U K Smit, Kinderdijk, Netherlands and completed by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, Germany for Fisser & Van Doornum, Emden, Germany. She was seized as a prize of war in 1945, passing to the Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Gallic. She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 and renamed Rjev. She served until 1970 when she was scrapped.

Description
The ship was  long, with a beam of . She had a depth of . She was assessed as , , .

The ship was propelled by a compound steam engine, which had two cylinders of 42 cm (16 inches) and two cylinders of 90 cm (35 inches) diameter by 90 cm (35 inches) stroke. The engine was built by Rheinmetall-Borsig AG, Tegel, Germany. Rated at 1,200IHP, it drove a single screw propeller and could propel the ship at .

History
Hendrik Fisser VII was a Hansa A Type cargo ship built in 1944 as yard number 796 by T U K Smit, Kinderdijk, Netherlands for Fisser & Van Doornum, Emden, Germany. She was launched in July 1944 and completed by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg Germany in November. Her port of registry was Emden. Hendrik Fisser VII participated in the evacuation of East Prussia, carrying troops of the 21st Infantry Division from Hela to Kiel. On 12 March 1945, she collided with the vorpostenboot V 315 Bris off Rixhöft. The vorpostenboot sank.

In May 1945, Hendrik Fisser VII was seized as a prize of war at Kiel. She was passed to the Ministry of War Transport. She was renamed Empire Gallic. The Code Letters GLLS and United Kingdom Official Number 180615 were allocated. Her port of registry was London and she was operated under the management of the Ellerman's Wilson Lines Ltd, Hull.

In 1946, Empire Gallic was allocated to the Soviet Union and was renamed Rjev (sometimes spelled Rzhev). She was operated under the management of the Murmansk Shipping Company. Her port of registry was Murmansk. With their introduction in the 1960s, Rjev was allocated the IMO Number 5297335. She served until 1970, arriving at Hamburg on 13 July for scrapping by Eisen & Metall.

References

External links
Monochrome photograph of Rzhev.
Monochrome photograph of Rzhev.

1944 ships
Ships built in the Netherlands
World War II merchant ships of Germany
Steamships of Germany
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the Soviet Union
Steamships of the Soviet Union
Murmansk Shipping Company
Double-beam drawbridge. A double-beam drawbridge, seesaw or folding bridge is a movable bridge . It opens by rotation about a horizontal axis  parallel to the water. Historically, the double-beam drawbridge has emerged from the drawbridge. A (double-beam) drawbridge has counterweights, so that operating requires less energy compared with such a bridge without counterweights.

As a bascule bridge, the (double-beam) drawbridge has multiple hinges. The road surface is connected to the bottom hinge close to street level. Above the hinge is a portal. A rotating arm, the balance, is attached to the portal high up off the ground. On one side of the balance hangs the counterweight, the balance box, on the other side, the arm is hinged to two vertical beams that are on the other end hinged to the tip of the bridge deck. So when the bridge goes up, the balance and the bridge deck turn approximately parallel.

The movement of the combined beams have the characteristics of a four-bar linkage.

The drawback of a traditional double-beam drawbridge is that it has a limited clearance height. That is why the balance box sometimes does not hang between the two arms, but on the arms themselves, without the arms being connected to each other. So there are two balance boxes.

Many variants have been made on the basic design of the double-beam drawbridge. They are both double-rotating (with two separate bridge decks) and single-rotating and with a diagonal bridge deck. In the latter case, there is only one tower which is aside from the road.

The pivot point of the balance with the balance box can either next to the gate (as in the photo), or directly above it. The latter system is referred to as an "Amsterdam type". The advantage of this is that the tower is only loaded under pressure. When the pivot point falls behind the column, the tower is loaded eccentrically; this gives both pressure and flexion.

When double-beam drawbridges are opened and closed electrically, an electric motor with a gear is often located at about half height in the portal styles. This engages in a rack that is hinged to the bridge deck. This construction can also be seen in the photo. The rack is often not straight, but with a curvature at the end, like a hockey stick—this is to give the electric motor time to rev up and gradually raise (and lower) the bridge.

See also 
 Bascule bridge
 Folding bridge
 Langlois Bridge, an example of a French bridge of this type, painted by Van Gogh
 Moveable bridges for a list of other moveable bridge types

Sources 

Moveable bridges
Pages translated from Dutch Wikipedia
Liz Seward. Elizabeth Seward is Senior Strategist at Space Systems for Airbus.  She has worked on several projects during her career including meteorological satellites and landers for missions to Mars and a comet. She is also involved with programmes supporting increased diversity within the space science workforce.

Education
As a teenager, Seward was inspired to seek a career within astronautics by the science fiction collection at her local library after her family moved to California, USA for a time. She attended University of Leicester, UK from 1997 and gained an MPhys degree in physics with Space Science & Technology in 2001.

Career
Her first role after graduation was at Astrium as a thermal engineer working within EUMETSAT projects. Later she was a Senior Mission Systems Engineer within the Space Science Group on several projects including the early design of the ExoMars rover. In 2008 she became Marketing & Technical Communications Manager for Earth Observation & Science. In 2013 she was appointed Head of the Marketing and Communications team for Airbus Defence and Space in the Earth Observation, Navigation and Science department, and from 2018 was Senior Strategist at the company's Space Systems.

While at Astrium she worked on the design of a lander (later discontinued) in the ESA BepiColombo mission. She was also involved with meteorological satellites including Sentinel-5P that observes air pollution and Aelous that records the Earth's wind speeds. She has also worked on Skynet communications satellite projects.

She has been a STEM Ambassador since 2001 and participates in public discussion of space programmes, such as at the HowTheLightGetsIn festival in 2019.

She was involved in setting up the UK group of Women in Aerospace - Europe and has been its lead since 2016, and subsequently an executive board member. Seward has also been a committee member of the International Astronautical Federation since 2011.

Awards and honours
In 2015 Seward received a Young Space Leader award from the International Astronautical Federation that recognises leadership demonstrated by young professionals under 35.

In 2019 she was awarded a Rising Star Award - Diversity by WeAreTheCity that recognises the achievements of women below management positions in the UK and India.

In 2020 she was the guest in an episode of The Life Scientific on BBC Radio 4.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Airbus people
British space scientists
Women space scientists
21st-century British scientists
21st-century British women scientists
Alumni of the University of Leicester
British science communicators
Magna MILA Plus. The Magna MILA Plus is a hybrid electric concept car developed by the Austrian automobile manufacturer Magna Steyr, presented at Geneva Motor Show in 2015.

History 
The seventh concept car “Mila” from the Austrian equipment supplier is designed on a chassis structure in aluminum, for a low total weight of 1,520 kg, with roof and rear fastback fully glazed, and materials largely recyclables.

References 

Cars introduced in 2015
Mila Plus
Hybrid electric vehicles
Sports cars
Jacqueline Krim. Jacqueline Krim is an American condensed matter physicist specializing in nanotribology, the study of film growth, friction, and wetting of nanoscale surfaces. She is a Distinguished University Professor of Physics at North Carolina State University.

Education and career
Krim graduated from the University of Montana in 1978 and completed a Ph.D. in experimental condensed matter physics at the University of Washington in 1984. After postdoctoral research at Aix-Marseille University, she became a faculty member at Northeastern University, and moved to North Carolina State University in 1998.

Recognition
Krim is a fellow of the American Vacuum Society (1999) and the American Physical Society (2000). The Division of Materials Physics of the American Physical Society named her as their David Adler Lecturer for 2015. In 2019 she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science "for distinguished contributions to the understanding of atomic-scale friction, wetting and surface roughening and for exemplary efforts in scientific outreach and diversity". She received a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1986.

References

External links
Krim Nanoscale Tribology Group

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women physicists
University of Montana alumni
University of Washington alumni
Northeastern University faculty
North Carolina State University faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American physicists
21st-century American women scientists
Condensed matter physicists
Tribologists
American women academics