omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DFS Sperber Junior. The DFS Sperber Junior () was a competition sailplane designed for Hanna Reitsch and built in Germany in 1936.

Design and development

The Sperber Junior, was designed as a development of the Rhönsperber for Hanna Reitsch by Hans Jacobs.  It had much in common with his other Rhönsperber development, the Sperber Senior, though the latter was intended for large pilots.  Reitsch's small and light frame allowed  a narrower cockpit than in the Senior in a revised, more slender forward fuselage, a tight fit for her and too small for her contemporaries.  This increased the fuselage length, though the span was  less.  A different airfoil section, the same as on the Rhönsperber, was used and the gull wing was more pronounced with airbrakes on the inner wing.

It was a shoulder wing aircraft with a double straight tapered gull wing, built around two spars and fabric covered apart from the leading edge from the front spar forward and the wing roots, which were plywood skinned. The wing roots were carefully faired into the fuselage.  The inner panels, filling about one third of the span had only slight taper, the sweep entirely on the trailing edge; the inner parts of them carried about 10° of dihedral but they flattened outboard.  Spoilers were mounted on the bend, behind the front spar and opening above the wing.  The outer panels had no dihedral but were strongly tapered, swept mostly on the trailing edge with a taper ratio of 0.42.  Ailerons occupied the whole of the outer panels' trailing edges.
 
The Junior had a completely ply covered fuselage with a narrow ovoid cross section which tapered progressively to the tail. The cockpit was just ahead of the wing, under a largely ply fairing smoothly integrated into the nose and fuselage; its only transparencies were portholes in its slightly concave sides.  The cockpit fairing was removable for access; aft, it blended immediately into the fuselage line without the long fairing of the Sperber Senior. A tapered, round tipped and largely fabric covered horizontal tail was mounted on top of the fuselage, far enough forward to place the trailing edges of its elevators at the rudder hinge line.  The latter was mounted on a narrow ply covered fin, carefully faired into the fuselage and extending below it to form a tail bumper.  The mostly fabric covered rudder was full, curved and slightly pointed, likewise extending below the fuselage.  A short skid from just behind the nose to beyond mid-chord completed the undercarriage.

Operational history
As a woman Reitsch had serious problems with her admission into the 1936 German National Competitions on the Wasserkuppe but managed fifth place. In May 1937 she was one of a group of five pilots who soared from Salzburg across the Alps for 100 miles into Italy.  After that she became more absorbed in military testing and the Junior was lost in World War II.

Specifications

References

DFS aircraft
1930s German sailplanes
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Gull-wing aircraft
Remington Model 760. The Remington Model 760 Gamemaster is a pump-action, centerfire rifle made by Remington Arms from 1952 to 1981. The Model 760 replaced the Model 141 in the product lineup. Being fed by a box magazine freed the design to use more powerful rounds with spitzer bullets. It was succeeded by the Remington Model 7600 series.

Design

Following World War II, many of Remington's pre-war firearms resumed production. This created a dilemma for the company as it had produced martial arms during the war. Production of military arms had forced manufacturers to streamline production and use more economical methods and materials that were not adaptable to most earlier designs. Remington set about creating families of firearms that shared a common design and parts. This trend began with the Model 11-48 and continues to this day. The Model 870 and 1100 shotguns share a similar construction, styling, and many parts with the Model 760 and 740 rifles.

The 760 featured a detachable box magazine, dual action bars, and a removable aluminum trigger group. The bolt featured 14 locking lugs laid out in an interrupted-thread pattern. These lugs are locked into corresponding lugs in a barrel extension by means of a cam-rotated bolt.  This bolt arrangement was problematic and the interrupted thread lugs were replaced with more conventional lugs on the Model 7600 that replaced it.

Variants
A number of variants were manufactured mostly differing in the finish, stock style and grade, sights, and other small details. One version, the 760C, featured an 18.5" barrel.

Criminal uses
James Earl Ray used a .30-06 Model 760 Gamemaster to assassinate Martin Luther King, Jr, at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. The killing sparked riots across the country and was a factor in the passage of the Gun Control Act of 1968. 

A .30-06 Model 760 was used in the 1999 OC Transpo shooting in which the gunman killed four other people and injured two before killing himself in an OC Transpo garage in Ottawa.

References

.35 Remington firearms
Remington Arms firearms
Pump-action rifles
Rifles of the United States
Thermodynamic solar panel. A thermodynamic solar panel is a type of air source heat pump. Instead of a large fan to take energy from the air, it has a flat plate collector. This means the system gains energy from the sun as well as the ambient air. Thermodynamic water heaters use a compressor to transfer the collected heat from the panel to the hot water system using refrigerant fluid that circulates in a closed cycle.

Renewable Heat Incentive
In the UK, thermodynamic solar panels cannot be used to claim the Renewable Heat Incentive. This is due to the lack of technical standards for the testing and installation. The UK Microgeneration Certification Scheme is working to develop a testing standard, either based on MIS 3001 or MIS 3005 or a brand new scheme document if appropriate.

Performance

Lab testing has been carried out by Das Wärmepumpen-Testzentrum Buchs (WPZ) in Buchs Switzerland on an Energi Eco 200esm/i thermodynamic solar panel system. This showed a Coefficient of performance of 2.8 or 2.9 (depending on tank volume).

In the UK, the first independent test is under-way at Narec Distributed Energy. So far data is available for January to April 2014. As with the Carnot cycle, the achievable efficiency is strongly dependent on the temperatures on both side of the system.

References

External links
Narec Distributed Energy thermodynamic solar panel test data

Sustainable technologies
Heat pumps
Heating
Energy conservation
Building engineering
Articulating paper. Articulating paper is a diagnostic tool used in dentistry to highlight occlusal contacts and the distribution of occlusal forces. That is, it marks those points on the teeth where the teeth contact during biting and grinding. Articulating paper is made of a thin, non-adhesive paper strip covered in fluorescent ink or dye-containing wax. A strip of articulating paper is placed between the teeth while the desired mandibular movements are performed. Articulating paper is manufactured as "books" of many leaves which are torn out and used when required. These can be rectangular or dental-arch (horse shoe) shaped .

Example uses of articulating paper include:

 It is routinely used to check the occlusal surfaces of newly placed dental restorations, such as fillings or crowns; and dental prostheses, such as dentures or bridges.
 It is also used to highlight occlusal interferences, e.g. in persons with bruxism.

References

Dentistry
Don Chaffin. Don Chaffin (born 1939) is an American engineer currently the R. G. Snyder Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at University of Michigan and an Elected Fellow to the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Society of Automotive Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Ergonomics Society, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Chaffin was also elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1994 for fundamental engineering contributions to and leadership in occupational biomechanics and industrial ergonomics.

References

1939 births
Living people
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
University of Michigan faculty
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
George Truskey. George Alexander Truskey is an American biomedical engineer noted for his research on transport phenomena in biological systems, cardiovascular tissue engineering, and cell adhesion to natural and synthetic surfaces.

Biography 

Truskey received his B.S.E. in Bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania in 1979.  He then received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985 under the direction of Clark K. Colton.  Upon graduation, he became a research fellow at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Experimental Pathology, as well as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tufts University.  In 1987, he joined the faculty at Duke University as an assistant professor of Biomedical Engineering.  From 2008 to 2010, he was the president of the Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES). He is the current R. Eugene and Susie E. Goodson Professor of Biomedical Engineering and the senior associate dean of research in the Pratt School of Engineering.  In 2014, he successfully chaired the committee to appoint a new provost for Duke University.

Notable research contributions 

Truskey is the author of over 100 peer-reviewed research publications, a biomedical engineering textbook entitled Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems,  over 6 book chapters, and over 180 research abstracts and presentations.  His textbook has received positive feedback, with reviewers stating "While there are several other excellent books available on 'Transport Phenomena,' this is the only one that truly integrates biomedical engineering and physiology with basic principles of transport phenomena in a comprehensive manner."   He directed Duke University's Translational Research Partnership with the Coulter Foundation, which added $10 million to the endowment of Duke's Pratt School of Engineering.  The goal of the partnership is to promote translational research in Biomedical Engineering.

Current research 

In 2012, Truskey was awarded 1 of 12 awards for NIH's new Tissue Chip and Drug Screening initiative.  These projects were also featured in a special supplement in Stem Cell Research and Therapy.
His current research also includes point-of-care endothelial cell seeding of nitinol stents and titanium devices to reduce restenosis complications.  His lab is also examining the effect of cell aging on endothelial permeability and mechanotransduction.

Awards and appointments 

 BMES Distinguished Service Award, 2012
 BMES president, 2008–2010
 Capers and Marion McDonald Award for Excellence in Mentoring, 2007
 BMES fellow, 2006
 Chair of Department of Biomedical Engineering at Duke University, 2003–2011
 AHA fellow, 1999
 AIMBE fellow, 1999
 Tau Beta Pi North Carolina Gamma Chapter Excellence in Teaching Award, 1998

References 

1957 births
Living people
American bioengineers
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Duke University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
MS Wissenschaft. MS Wissenschaft ("MS Science") is an exhibition ship in Germany. It is named after , the German term for any study or science that involves systematic research and teaching. It is a project of  and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany). The ship travels through Germany and also through Switzerland and Austria for several months of the year showing temporary exhibitions in line with the respective Science Year.

Exhibition ship MS Wissenschaft

History 
The ship was built in 1969 at the former Elfring shipyard in Haren. In 2002, the University of Bremen hired the cargo ship, then called Geoschiff, which was used as a floating exhibition on geoscience for six months. Due to the success of this, MS Wissenschaft has been used as a science exhibition ship every summer since 2003. For the use as MS Wissenschaft the ship is converted every year.

Exhibitions 
On its tours, MS Wissenschaft visits numerous cities throughout Germany, which it can reach on inland waterways. In 2005, Basel in Switzerland, the first foreign city to be reached via the Rhine, was also on the tour schedule. Since 2010, several cities along the Danube in the neighboring country of Austria have also been visited.

References

External links 
 official website

1969 ships
Ships of Germany
Exhibitions in Germany
Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab. The Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab (also called the Quantum AI Lab or QuAIL) is a joint initiative of NASA, Universities Space Research Association, and Google (specifically, Google Research) whose goal is to pioneer research on how quantum computing might help with machine learning and other difficult computer science problems. The lab is hosted at NASA's Ames Research Center.

History

The Quantum AI Lab was announced by Google Research in a blog post on May 16, 2013. At the time of launch, the Lab was using the most advanced commercially available quantum computer, D-Wave Two from D-Wave Systems.

On October 10, 2013, Google released a short film describing the current state of the Quantum AI Lab.

On October 18, 2013, Google announced that it had incorporated quantum physics into Minecraft.

In January 2014, Google reported results comparing the performance of the D-Wave Two in the lab with that of classical computers. The results were ambiguous and provoked heated discussion on the Internet.
On 2 September 2014, it was announced that the Quantum AI Lab, in partnership with UC Santa Barbara, would be launching an initiative to create quantum information processors based on superconducting electronics.

On the 23rd of October 2019, the Quantum AI Lab announced in a paper that it had achieved quantum supremacy.

s== Present ==
On December 09, 2024 Google Introduced Willow, describing it as a "state-of-the-art quantum chip". Google claims that this new chip takes just five minutes to solve a problem that the world fastest computers take ten septillion years. Ten septillion years is more than the Age of Universe.

However, experts say Willow is, for now, a largely experimental device. A quantum computer powerful enough to solve a wide range of real-world problems is still years - and billions of dollars - away.

See also
 Artificial intelligence
 Glossary of artificial intelligence
 Google Brain
 Google X

References

External links
  (NASA)
  (USRA)
  (Google)
  (Google Quantum AI)
 Waybackmachine

Applied machine learning
Google
Tiruchirappalli Bus Rapid Transit System. Tiruchirappalli BRTS is a proposed bus rapid transit system for the city of Tiruchirappalli.

Background 
During November 2013, at the two-day conference on "Sustainable Cities Through Transport" at Coimbatore, respective city engineers from Madurai, Tiruchi, Tirupur, Salem and Coimbatore came together discussed about planning and creation of transit systems, pedestrian pathways, cycling tracks, parks, pedestrian zones, etc.,. Later in January 2014, the same was presented to K. P. Munusamy, State Minister of Municipal Administration and Rural Development, Law, Courts and Prisons by Corporation officials at a workshop in Chennai. the Corporation Commissioner of Tiruchi City, V. P. Thandapani declared that about  of pedestrian pathways and  of green lines will be constructed in addition to 341 new buses by 2018 at a cost of .

Modelled on the lines of Ahmedabad BRTS, the plan was developed in association with Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) is being funded by Ministry of Urban Development would improve the city's road infrastructure and future transport modes, which presently has narrow roads and indiscriminate encroachments coupled with booming vehicle population.

Network

References 

BRTS
Proposed bus rapid transit in India
Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu
C-DAC Ahmedabad. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an institution established in March 1988 as a Scientific Society of the Department of Information Technology (formerly Dept. of Electronics) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. C-DAC is India's National Initiative in advanced computing. C-DAC runs its Multi-Lingual Computing popularly known as the GIST Technology. C-DAC is governed by a Member Governing Council by the Hon’ble Minister for Communication and Information Technology.

The PACE program was developed to impart training in basic & high-end computing using the Indian languages as the medium. This initiative was started in January 1996. This training program has been named Program for Advancing Computer Education – PACE (CDAC PACE).

PACE ATC (Authorized Training Centers) Under the PACE banner, training centers are called C-DAC GIST PACE Authorized Training Centers.

The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Ahmedabad PACE Affiliated Training Centre (ATC) of C-DAC, (C-DAC) is an organization of the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (MCIT) to carry out research and development in IT, electronics, and associated skills education and development.

Since 1997, C-DAC ACTS Ahmedabad, with its own campus in Ahmedabad, has provided Art and Design education with a focus on providing creative as well as technical education.

References

Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)
Research institutes in Ahmedabad
Research institutes in Gujarat
1988 establishments in Gujarat
Research institutes established in 1999
Bretonstone. Bretonstone, also known as vibro-compression under vacuum, is a formerly-patented technology invented in the early-1970s by Breton S.p.A. 
Nowadays most manufacturers of engineered stone use similar technology, typically involving quartz and a resin binder combined under vacuum, and compressed under heat into a desired form such as a countertop slab.

History 

In the early-1970s Marcello Toncelli, founder of Breton, started developing the Bretonstone system, which allows to produce a solid surface similar to granite, using small stone aggregates and stone-like materials. The composite material is manufactured in slabs, which can be worked as natural stone, instead of blocks that should have been cut.

Basically the vibro-compression vacuum technology, used by Bretonstone system, consists of blending the natural aggregate of stone with a polymer mix (usually unsaturated polyester resin), taking away air with a vacuum, and catalyzing the molded product whilst vibrating and applying pressure to this mix. Then the mixture is heated, and the output is a slab of non-porous and quite stable engineered stone.

The following improvements led the agglomerated stone to obtain the same hardness as granite, when siliceous stone or quartz were added in the mix.

The agglomerate produced with the Bretonstone system looks like natural stone and varies in look according to the types of stone aggregates and stone-like materials used in the process. Some types of agglomerate are:

 granite-looking
 one-color
 veined marble 
 exotic granite
 with colored glass inserts
 with crystal fragments
 with mirrors pieces
 with semi-precious stones
 with brass filings.

References

External links 

 Official Website

Industrial processes
Delete (miniseries). Delete is a two-episode miniseries about a reporter and a young hacker who uncovers an elusive artificial intelligence/multi-agent system dwelling in his smartphone, which has suddenly become fully autonomous and sentient as it is malevolent.

Premise
A disaster in our all-too-fragile virtual world, where World Wide Web, becomes dangerously autonomous and self-aware with one systematic purpose: To protect and perfect itself and enslave humanity as it sees fit.

Faced with possible extinction, there is only one way out: To create a second artificial intelligence of goodness and understanding that is just as intelligent as it is dangerous, as the only possible solution able to combat it. But with governments in a mass panic and the real world in escalating chaos, are they even able to match this unprecedented foe?

Cast 
 Keir Gilchrist as Daniel
 Erin Karpluk as Jesse White
 Ryan Robbins as Agent Max Hollis
 Gil Bellows as Lt. General Michael Overson
 Matt Frewer as National Security Advisor Arthur Bowden
 Janet Kidder as Deputy Director Elizabeth Hardington
 Theresa Russell as Fiona
 Blu Mankuma as General Cassius Giles, USAF
 Andrew Airlie as Director Marcus Tremaine
 Seth Green as Lucifer
 Jaylee Hamidi as Keiko Watanabe (1 episode, 2013)
 Mike Azevedo  as Pierre Garaneuf (1 episode, 2013)
 Mehdi Darvish as Plant Technician (1 episode, 2013)
 Graeme Duffy  as Desmond Smith (1 episode, 2013)
 John Stewart  as Train Conductor (1 episode, 2013)
 Alexander von Roon as Financial Reporter (1 episode, 2013

Production details 
Written and distributed by Sonar Entertainment of New York City, the series consists of two feature-length episodes. It was shot on location in Vancouver and produced by Vancouver-based Brightlight Pictures.

Reception 
The series won two Leo Awards, from the Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Foundation of British Columbia, for Best Picture Editing and Best Television Movie.

See also
 Code Lyoko
 Code Lyoko: Evolution
 Delete, Korean Netflix eight-episode miniseries

References

External links
 

2010s American drama television miniseries
2010s American science fiction television series
2012 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
Television series about artificial intelligence
Steven Gontarski. Steven Gontarski (born 1972) is a sculptor from Philadelphia whose work has been included in solo and group exhibitions at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, Kunsthalle Wien, White Cube gallery and the Groninger Museum. Gontarski is a graduate of Brown University and Goldsmiths College, University of London.

In 2008, Gontarski created Ob 8, a bright red abstract sculpture which stands 5 metres high and is made of painted and lacquered glass-fibre-reinforced plastic. The organic shape of the work has been described as "recognisable but not identifiable, conjuring comparisons to many things in the real world: clouds, organs, oceans, smoke rings."

Solo exhibitions
2010
I woke up to the sound of a drum, Gimpel Fils, London
Ob 08, Central Saint Giles, London

2008 Steven Gontarski, Paddington Central, Phase II, London

2007
Sculptures, Gimpel Fils, London
Portraits, Changing Role, Rome
Obélisques CC/BS, Nouveaux commanditaires, Chaucenne, France

2006
Steven Gontarski, pkm gallery, Seoul
Steven Gontarski, Changing Role, Naples
Day of St George, White Cubicle - George and Dragon, London
Steven Gontarski - Centre d’Art Mobile, L’Eglise de Fouvent et Roche en Haute-Saône

2005
The Visitors, Groninger Museum, Groningen

2004
December Morning Prophecy, White Cube, London
Zero, The Economist Plaza, London
Steven Gontarski, Gandy Gallery, Prague

2003
Prophet, Karyn Lovegrove Gallery, Los Angeles
Steven Gontarski, Le Consortium, Dijon

2002
Epsilon Delta, Art at Habitat, Habitat Kensington, London

2001
Sun Valley, One in the Other, London

2000
Steven Gontarski, White Cube, London
Steven Gontarski. The Unbalance of Boredom, Taché-Lévy Gallery, Brussels
L.A.X., Islington Business and Design Centre, London

1999
Nurse, Johnen & Schöttle Gallery, Cologne

References

Living people
20th-century American sculptors
1972 births
Brown University alumni
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
21st-century American sculptors