omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Heino Kostabi. Heino Kostabi (19 May 1933, Petseri, Estonia – 22 March 2021) was an Estonian politician, most notable for voting for the Estonian restoration of Independence.

Education and early life
Kostabi was born into a working-class family. His father, Jaak Richard Kostabi, worked as a carpenter, while his mother, Ella Kostabi (née Oper) was engaged in sewing and handicrafts. He graduated from Pechory Primary School, then in 1952 graduated from high school. In 1957, he graduated as an engineer mechanic in the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (diploma with honors). From 1971 to 1976, he was an aspirant in Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, located in the Northwest Region Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Electrification Design and Technology Research. In 1977, he defended his engineering degree.

Career
From 1957 to 1958, Kostabi was an engineer-controller at Orava MTJ, a manager of automotive industry from 1958 to 1960 at Orava State Farm and chief engineer officer, deputy director, director at Veriora State Farm from 1960 to 1990. From 1990 to 1992, he was a Member of the Supreme Council of the Estonian SSR and the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, the Deputy Chairman of the Land Assembly Group, Chairman of the Group of the Wabariik, and Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Council

Social and literary activities
Kostabi was a member of the 6th session of the Communist Party of Estonia, a member of several constituencies of local governments, and a member of the Congress of Estonia. He has participated in various social professions in the form of trade unions and party organs, judges, folk song-writing, social road inspectors, people's voices, the XXVI Committee of the EELC, the Võru County Council, the EELC Petseri Peter Church and other work and activities.

He was the writer of the book "Kaks otsustavat päeva Toompeal" (1996), compiler of the collection "Omariiklust taastamas" (2001), compiler of the book "Baltimaad hävitatud omariiklust taastamas" (2009), and the updated version of the collection, "Vundamendi taastamine iseseisvale riigile. Dokumente, materjale ja meenutusi Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu tegevusest aastatel 1990–1992" (2012).

From 1966 to 1990, Kostabi was a member of the Communist Party of Estonia. He was a founding member of the party. He was a passive member of the Social Democratic Party.

Awards
 2002: 5th Class of the Estonian Order of the National Coat of Arms (received 23 February 2002)
 2006: 3rd Class of the Estonian Order of the National Coat of Arms (received 23 February 2006)

Personal life
Kostabi was married. He spoke Estonian, Russian, and German. His hobbies included history, beekeeping, music, and cars.

References 

1933 births
2021 deaths
People from Pechory
Communist Party of Estonia politicians
Estonian University of Life Sciences alumni
Voters of the Estonian restoration of Independence
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 3rd Class
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 4th Class
Landmapper. Landmapper is a remote sensing satellite constellation built and operated by Astro Digital (formerly known as Aquila Space). It consists of two separate satellite designs: Landmapper-BC and Landmapper-HD (formerly known as Corvus-BC and Corvus-HD). These satellites will be launched into Sun synchronous orbits varying in altitude between 625 km and 475 km. Both satellites are designed to CubeSat standards: 6U XL for Landmapper-BC, and 16U for Landmapper-HD. They will be contained in deployers designed by Innovative Solutions in Launch of the Netherlands and ECM Launch Services of Germany. These deployers are to be included on board a variety of launch vehicles, including the SpaceX Falcon 9, Rocket Lab Electron, Glavkosmos Soyuz, Antrix PSLV, and European Space Agency Vega.

Each Landmapper-BC spacecraft carries three separate cameras to gather 22 meter resolution imagery in the red, green, and near-infrared spectral bands. The Landmapper-HD satellite design includes a larger telescope to gather 2.5 meter resolution imagery in blue, green, red, red edge, and near-infrared spectral bands. This imagery is processed on-board and then downlinked over a miniaturized high-speed Ka-band transmitter. The common satellite bus uses reaction wheels, magnetic torque coils, star trackers, magnetometers, Sun sensors, and gyroscopes to enable precision 3-axis pointing without the use of propellant.

Satellites 

 Landmapper BC 1, COSPAR 2017-042Y, launched 14.07.2017 on Soyuz 2-1a rocket. Satellite failed shortly after being successfully deployed into orbit.
 Landmapper BC 2, COSPAR 2017-042X, launched 14.07.2017 on Soyuz 2-1a rocket. Satellite failed shortly after being successfully deployed into orbit.
 Landmapper HD, suborbital, launched 02.08.2017 on Vector-R rocket. Suborbital test flight of a Landmapper-HD.
 Landmapper BC 3, COSPAR 2017-F05, launched 28.11.2017 on Soyuz 2-1b rocket. Launch failure, satellite lost.
 Landmapper BC 3 v2, COSPAR 2018-004H, launched 12.01.2018 on PSLV-XL rocket.
 Landmapper BC 4, COSPAR 2018-099K, launched 03.12.2018 on Falcon-9 v1.2 (Block 5) rocket.
 Landmapper BC 5, COSPAR 2020-085C, launched 20.11.2020 on Electron rocket.

All satellites are also known by their former name Corvus (so for example Corvus BC 1 etc.)

References

External links
Astro Digital: Our satellites 

CubeSats
Earth imaging satellites
Satellite constellations
Software diversity. Software diversity is a research field about the comprehension and engineering of diversity in the context of software.

Areas 
The different areas of software diversity are discussed in surveys on diversity for fault-tolerance or for security.

The main areas are:

 design diversity, n-version programming, data diversity for fault tolerance
 randomization
 software variability

Techniques

Code transformations 
It is possible to amplify software diversity through automated transformation processes that create synthetic diversity. A "multicompiler" is compiler embedding a diversification engine. A multi-variant execution environment (MVEE) is responsible for selecting the variant to execute and compare the output.

Fred Cohen was among the very early promoters of such an approach. He proposed a series of rewriting and code reordering transformations that aim at producing massive quantities of different versions of operating systems functions. These ideas have been developed over the years and have led to the construction of integrated obfuscation schemes to protect key functions in large software systems.

Another approach to increase software diversity of protection consists in adding randomness in certain core processes, such as memory loading. Randomness implies that all versions of the same program run differently from each other, which in turn creates a diversity of program behaviors. This idea was initially proposed and experimented by Stephanie Forrest and her colleagues.

Recent work on automatic software diversity explores different forms of program transformations that slightly vary the behavior of programs. The goal is to evolve one program into a population of diverse programs that all provide similar services to users, but with a different code. This diversity of code enhances the protection of users against one single attack that could crash all programs at the same time.

Transformation operators include:

 code layout randomization: reorder functions in code
 globals layout randomization: reorder and pad globals
 stack variable randomization: reorder variables in each stack frame
 heap layout randomization

Natural software diversity 

It is known that some functionalities are available in multiple interchangeable implementations. This natural diversity can be exploited, for example it has been shown valuable to increase security in cloud systems.

References 

Software engineering
Ferroaluminum. Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy, consisting of iron and aluminium. The metal usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium. Applications of ferroaluminum include the deoxidation of steel, hardfacing applications, reducing agent, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. The alloy is also known for the ability to manufacture low melting point alloys and its ability to carry out aluminothermic welding. Ferroaluminum does not currently have a CAS Registry Number. The presence of iron in aluminum helps in the decrease of casting defects, improves tensile, yield, hardness, and maintains strength at high temperatures. 

The first recorded usage of the word "ferroaluminum" was in 1887. Ferroaluminum can also be nitrided, as the aluminium bonds well with the nitrogen forming a hard case. The aluminum provided in the alloy helps with this process. The majority of the world's ferroaluminum is produced by Australia, China, Russia, the US and Canada, with the cost of electricity being the main factor in the aluminum smelting process.

Manufacturing process 
Ferroaluminum is manufactured in an electricity-intensive process that involves three steps. First, aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is obtained through the Bayer process by digestion of bauxite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at about 240 °C. Second, the aluminium oxide is subjected to a Hall–Héroult process together with cryolite to obtain aluminium that will then be combined with iron to create the ferroaluminum. Last, after the solidification of the metal, milling and sieving processes are carried out, which obtains the suitable particle size for its applications.

Chemical composition

Physical properties

References 

Ferroalloys
Joe Airey. Joseph Enoch Airey  (25 August 1894 – 10 February 1976) was a Senior Technical Officer for the Telecommunications Research Establishment.

Airey was born in Oldham, Lancashire on 25 August 1894. He joined Robert Watson-Watt in 1924, and was an original member of the radar team, responsible for masts and support equipment. He was Senior Technical Officer at Telecommunications Research Establishment. Alongside Arnold Wilkins, Airey is credited with having discovered Bawdsey Manor, Ordfordnessas a site for the Air Ministry department that was significant in the history of radar. In his book "Three Steps to Victory" Robert Watson-Watt proclaims Joe Airey's greatest constructional achievement as the installation of a mast atop the Great Pyramid at Cheops. During World War I, Airey was a member of the Dunsterforce in the Persia and the Middle East. By the time of his retirement, he was Station Engineer at the Royal Radar Establishment. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for his services by King George VI in his Birthday Honours on 14 June 1945. Airey died in Poole Dorset on 10 February 1976.

See also
History of radar

References 

1894 births
1976 deaths
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British telecommunications engineers
Radar pioneers
People from Oldham
Lisa Anthony. Lisa Anthony is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE) at the University of Florida. She is also the director of the Intelligent Natural Interaction Technology Laboratory (INIT Lab). Her research interests revolve around developing natural user interfaces to allow for greater human-computer interaction, specifically for children as they develop their cognitive and physical abilities.

Education 
Lisa Anthony earned her B.S. and M.S. in computer science with official concentrations in artificial intelligence, human-computer Interaction, and software engineering at Drexel University. Her M.S. thesis involved using genetic programming to evolve board evaluation functions for the strategy board game Acquire. As a summer graduate intern, she worked on the Collaborative Exploratory Search project at the Fuji-Xerox Palo Alto Laboratory (FXPAL).

In 2008, she earned her Ph.D. from the Human Computer Interaction Institute in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University in 2008. Her Ph.D. thesis focused on developing handwriting-based systems for algebra equation-solving.

Career 
Anthony was also a Post-Doctoral Research Associate, then a Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. She worked on advanced user interface technologies as a senior member of the engineering staff at the User-Centered Interfaces Group at Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories. She is an currently an  Associate Professor in the Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering at University of Florida.

Awards and honors 

National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 2016-2020
 HWCOE Undergraduate Faculty Adviser/Mentor of the Year, 2017-2018
 Special Recognition for Exceptional Reviewing, ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS), 2014
 Best of 2013, ACM Computing Reviews, 2013
 Best Paper Award, ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), 2013
 Best Paper Award, ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI), 2012

Selected publications 
Journal Articles
 
 
 
 

Book Chapters

 Anthony, L., Sharma, K., Stibler, K., Regli, S.H., Tremoulet, P. D., Gilbertson, D.G., and Gerhardt, R.T. 2010. Enabling Pre-Hospital Documentation via Spoken Language Understanding on the Modern Battlefield. In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Healthcare (Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Human Factors & Ergonomics - AHFE’2010), ed. V.G. Duffy, CRC Press, p. 642-651

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women scientists
American women computer scientists
Drexel University alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
University of Florida faculty
Lockheed Martin people
University of Maryland, Baltimore County faculty
American computer scientists
21st-century American scientists
Heike Riel. Heike E. Riel (born 1971) is a nanotechnologist known for developing OLED displays.
She works for IBM Research – Zurich, where she is Director of IoT Technology and AI Solutions, and Director of the Physical Sciences Department.
Beyond her work on display technology, she is an expert in molecular electronics and nanoscale semiconductors.

Education and career
Riel has a diploma in physics from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
She completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) in 2003 at the University of Bayreuth,
and in 2011 earned an MBA at the Henley Business School of the University of Reading.

She worked as an intern at HP Labs in Palo Alto, California before joining IBM Research in 1998.

Recognition
Riel became an IBM Fellow in 2013.
In 2015 she joined the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and
the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences,
and in the same year was given an honorary doctorate by Lund University.

In 2017 she was chosen by the American Physical Society as the winner of their David Adler Lectureship Award in the Field of Materials Physics "for seminal achievements in the science and technology of nanoscale electronics, particularly the exploration of novel materials such as semiconducting nanowires, molecules and organic materials for future nanoscale devices, and outstanding presentations and outreach for general audiences".
In 2020 she was named a fellow of the American Physical Society "for scientific and technical accomplishments in materials and device research for nanoscale electronics in the fields of semiconducting nanowires and organic light-emitting devices for display applications".

References

20th-century German physicists
20th-century German women scientists
21st-century German physicists
21st-century German  women scientists
Living people
German women physicists
German nanotechnologists
German materials scientists
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
University of Bayreuth alumni
Alumni of the University of Reading
IBM Fellows
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
1971 births
Krishnendu Chatterjee. Krishnendu Chatterjee (Bengali: কৃষ্ণেন্দু চ্যাটার্জী) is an Indian computer scientist who is currently a professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA). He is known for his contributions to theoretical computer science, especially in algorithmic game theory, evolutionary game theory, logics and automata theory.

Education 
Chatterjee obtained his BTech in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He gained his MSc and PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. His doctoral advisor was Thomas Henzinger.

Career 
He obtained his PhD in 2007 and later moved to UC Santa Cruz for a postdoc. He then joined ISTA in 2009 as an assistant professor and was promoted to professor in 2014. In his research, he studies graph games with omega-regular and quantitative objectives, especially variants with probabilistic moves, multiple objectives, and/or partial information. Recently, he has also been applying computational methods to evolutionary game theory. He has described the computational complexity of various evolutionary processes, and he has extended models of direct and indirect reciprocity.

Awards and honors 
 2001: President of India Gold Medal
2008: EACSL Ackermann Award
2008: David J. Sakrison Memorial Prize
 2011: ERC Starting Grant from the European Research Council
 2020: ERC Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council

References 

1978 births
Living people
Indian academics
Indian computer scientists
IIT Kharagpur alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Poison message. A poison message refers to a client–server model issue, where a client machine tries to send a message to the server and fails too many times (the actual amount of "too many" is variable).

The behavior toward Poison messages varies - they are either discarded, create a service request event, or initiate other failure indications. The term is used mainly in Microsoft-related frameworks, like SQL Server or Windows Communication Foundation (WCF).
RabbitMQ also has a notion of poisoned messages.

See also 
 Dead letter queue
 Microsoft Message Queuing

References 

Message Queuing
Message-oriented middleware
Computing terminology
VNU University of Engineering and Technology. VNU University of Engineering and Technology (VNU-UET; ), or Hanoi University of Engineering and Technology, is a member of Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU). Established in 2004 from the Faculty of Technology, it has grown over the years into one of the top universities in Vietnam for Information Technology and Engineering majors.

Academics

Faculty and School

 Faculty of Information Technology
 Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications
 Faculty of Engineering Physics and Nanotechnology
 Faculty of Mechatronics and Automation
 School of Aerospace Engineering
 Faculty of Agricultural Technology
 Department of Engineering and Technology in Construction and Transportation

Research Institutes, Key Labs, and Centers

 Intelligent Sorfware Engineering (iSE)
 Advanced Institute of Engineering and Technology (AVITECH)
 Laboratory on Smart Integrated Systems (SISLAB)
 Laboratory for Micro-Nano Technology (Micro-Nano Lab)
 Center of Electronics and Telecommunications
 Center of Multidisciplinary Integrated Technologies for Field Monitoring (FIMO)

References 

Educational institutions established in 2004
Engineering universities and colleges in Vietnam
Universities in Hanoi
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
2004 establishments in Vietnam
Tarczyński and Stępniewki TS-1/34 Promyk. The Tarczyński and Stępniewki TS-1/34 Promyk was a Polish short span, high performance sailplane from the mid-1930s and was the first Polish sailplane equipped with flaps. Its construction was delayed by a financial crisis and its development terminated by World War II.

Design and development

In the mid-1930s there was international interest in short span but high performance sailplanes, because their ability to turn tightly would enable them to remain within narrow thermals. The German Darmstadt D-28 Windspiel, built in 1933, was an early example.  The structure of the later, experimental Promyk () was almost twice as heavy as that of the delicate Windspiel, though the span was slightly less. Otherwise known as the TS-1/34, its design was started in 1934 but construction in the ZASPL workshops in Lwów was delayed by a financial crisis in Poland between 1935 and 1936 which led to a government clampdown on prototype building. The delay gave Stępniewki the opportunity to make the Promyk the first Polish sailplane with flaps. It finally flew in the spring of 1937.

The single-seat Promyk was an all-wood aircraft with a cantilever, one piece wing which was trapezoidal in plan out to rounded tips. Sources differ somewhat on its construction: Cynk describes it as a two spar structure, samolotypolskie as having a single spar, assisted by an angled auxiliary strut. It was covered by a mixture of plywood and fabric. The camber-changing split flaps, inboard of the ailerons, had a maximum deflection of 40° and could act as airbrakes as well as increasing low speed lift.

The wing was mounted over an oval-section, ply-covered semi-monocoque fuselage on a short faired pylon, ahead of which was an enclosed cockpit. A sprung landing skid ran under the forward fuselage; aft, the fuselage became slender before ending at an integral, ply-covered fin which carried a rounded, fabric-covered, balanced rudder. The Promyk had a one-piece, ply- and fabric-covered horizontal tail strut-mounted over the fuselage in front of the fin.

Operational history

The Promyk was test flown at Lwów over the summer of 1937 by Zbigniew Żabski, after which it went to Warsaw for ITL airworthiness trials. Its general handling was praised and its ability to soar in low lift conditions highlighted. From the autumn of 1937 it was engaged in manoeuvrability research in an ITL-supported programme designed by Oleński and flown by him and Ciastula.  

After this ended in 1939 the Promyk went to Bezmiechowa Górna, where it made some cross-country flights. Further development was prevented by the outbreak of World War II.

Specifications

References

1930s Polish sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1937
High-wing aircraft