omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maya (operating system). Maya OS is an operating system developed by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 2021, with implementation commencing after August 15, 2023. It is based on the Ubuntu distribution of GNU/Linux.  Included with Maya OS is "Chakravyuh", an endpoint detection and protection system designed to safeguard against security threats.

The stated goal of the project is to protect sensitive defence systems and data from cyberattacks, promoting indigenous innovation by the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team and reducing dependence on foreign software.

Name 
Maya OS derives its name from the Sanskrit word "Maya" (माया), meaning "illusion". The name reflects the system's capability to provide deceptive layers of security, effectively cloaking the Defence Ministry's computers from potential cyber threats.

Accompanying Maya OS is Chakravyuh, an endpoint detection and protection system, named after the Sanskrit term "Chakravyuha" (चक्रव्यूह). This term describes a strategic military formation used for encircling adversaries, as famously illustrated in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata.

Development 
Predating Maya OS, in 2007, the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) introduced the Bharat Operating System Solutions (BOSS GNU/Linux), a GNU/Linux distribution intended to foster the use of free and open-source software in India. This operating system was notably adopted by the Indian Army. However, BOSS GNU/Linux failed to achieve widespread success, primarily due to insufficient government backing and investment, leading to its gradual decline.

The development of Maya OS started in 2021 after India experienced several cyberattacks from foreign adversaries targeting its critical infrastructure and defense systems. It was developed by experts from different government agencies, including the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), and the National Informatics Centre (NIC), in about six months.

Adoption 
As of August 2023, Maya OS is reported to have been installed in the systems of India's Ministry of Defence. Plans were in place for the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force to adopt the operating system by the end of that year.

The user interface of Maya OS has been designed to mimic that of Microsoft Windows, facilitating an easier transition for users accustomed to the Windows environment.

See also
Bharat Operating System Solutions
Free software in India
National Resource Centre for Free/Open Source Software

External links 

 Installation status (Official circular)
 Standard Operating Procedure (Official circular)

References 

Ubuntu derivatives
Linux distributions
Bangladesh Railway Class 6600. Bangladesh Railway Class 6600 is a class of 1,676 mm gauge diesel-electric locomotives owned by Bangladesh Railway. There are 40 locomotives of this class, all designed and manufactured by American company Progress Rail's Electro-Motive Diesel subsidiary. Class 6600 locomotives are used on both freight and passenger trains. Those are the strongest and most advanced broad-gauge locomotives in the Bangladesh Railway.

Details 
In 2019, Bangladesh Railway ordered broad-gauge diesel-electric locomotives from American manufacturer Electro-Motive Diesel for ৳ 1,123.5 crore. The model of Class 6600 locomotives is EMD GT42ACL. These are equipped with the EM2000 microprocessor control and AC traction motors. The prime mover is 12N-710G3B-EES and wheel arrangement Co-Co. The power is 3,250 hp. The EM2000 microprocessor control has excitation and load control, adhesion control, engine control, diagnostic system and archived unit history data.

References 

Diesel locomotives of Bangladesh
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2019
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Kempton Park water treatment works. The Kempton Park water treatment works, in the London Borough of Hounslow and Kempton Park Surrey, takes raw settled water abstracted from the River Thames and supplies treated potable water to consumers in north and west London. The works were inaugurated in 1906 and continue to provide treated water.

History 
In 1896 the New River Company, the West Middlesex Waterworks Company and the Grand Junction Waterworks Company formed the Staines Reservoir Joint Committee. The aim of the committee was to construct a shared intake from the river Thames; two reservoirs at Staines; and an aqueduct to carry the water to their planned water works at Hampton and Kempton Park.

The New River Company acquired land at Kempton Park in 1897 () to build a new storage and treatment works, with the aim to provide additional supplies of water to west and north London. Construction began in 1900 and was substantially complete by 1906.

Meanwhile, in 1902 the New River Company and the seven other London water companies had been amalgamated into the Metropolitan Water Board (MWB).

Original facilities 
At Kempton Park the New River Company built two reservoirs with an area of 25 ha (62 acres) and with a combined capacity of 1364 Mega litres (300 million gallons). The reservoirs were supplied with water from the Staines reservoir aqueduct. Water treatment comprised twelve slow sand filter beds. A pumping station fed a 42-inch main to service reservoirs in Cricklewood.

When the Kempton Park works were inaugurated in 1906 the 42-inch main was not finished and treated water was sent to Finsbury Park, along the former East London water works 36-inch main adjacent to Kempton Park. When the 42-inch main was complete in 1908 it was capable of transferring 68.2 Ml per day (15 million gallons per day).

In the late 1920s prefilters were installed upstream of the slow sand beds. In 1947 the operating parameters of the treatment plant were as follows.

Current plant 
The Staines reservoirs provide about a 90-day retention period to allow settlement of solids. Water is transported to the Kempton Park works via the Staines Reservoirs Aqueduct. The first process at Kempton is a rapid gravity filter using sand, this removes larger solids and algae. The filters are periodically backwashed with an air and water scour.

The water passes to the ozone contactor. Ozone is made on-site, and is introduced through bubble diffusers at the base of the contactor. The water next flows under gravity through a slow sand filter with a granular activated carbon sandwich. Water is dosed with hypochlorite and flows to the chlorine contact tank.

Kempton Park works normally supplies 135 million litres per day Ml/d. It is capable of supplying up to 160 Ml/d.

An historical feature of the Kempton water works are the preserved 1920s steam engines. See main article Kempton Park Steam Engines

See also 

 London water supply infrastructure
 Kempton Park Reservoirs
 Kempton Park Steam Engines
 Staines reservoirs
 Cricklewood Pumping Station

References 

London water infrastructure
Thames Water
Gwadar Shipyard. The Gwadar Shipyard is a planned shipbuilding and repair facility located in Gwadar, a port city in Balochistan, Pakistan. The project is a joint venture between the national and regional governments of Pakistan, formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed in February 2021.

As of 2024, the project is in the planning stage. The 2023 Pakistani defense budget allocated Rs. 100 million for the shipyard's development. The project is expected to be completed within two to three years after construction begins.

History
The potential of Gwadar to function as a significant deep-water seaport was initially recognized in 1954, even during its period under Omani control. However, it wasn't until 2007 that plans for constructing the port came to fruition. The port was officially inaugurated by Pervez Musharraf following four years of construction, with a total expenditure of $248 million. In 2021, Pakistan announced plans to establish a new shipyard in Gwadar. This project aims to revitalize the domestic commercial shipbuilding and repair industry, create employment opportunities and contribute to the economic development of the region. The Gwadar Shipyard is envisioned to be a major facility catering to not only Pakistan's needs but also those of neighboring countries.

References

Shipbuilding companies of Pakistan
Gwadar
Shipyards of Pakistan
Ido Kanter. Ido Kanter (born 21 November 1959) is an Israeli professor of physics at and the head of the Lab for Reverberating Modes in Neural Networks at the Gonda Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University. He specializes in models of disorder magnetic systems, physical random number generators, theory of neural networks, deep learning and synchronization among neurons and lasers.

Early life and education
Kanter was born and raised in Rehovot, Israel and served in the Israeli Defense Force from 1978 to 1981.

He attended Bar-Ilan University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in physics and computer science in 1983. In 1987, he received his Ph.D. from Bar-Ilan University. His thesis was Theory of Spin Glasses and its Applications to Complex Problems in Mathematics and Biology, under the supervision of Professor Haim Sompolinsky.

He was a visiting research fellow at Princeton University from 1988 to 1989, working with Phil W. Anderson. He was also a visiting research fellow at AT&T Bell Labs, with Yann le Cun, then 1989 joined the physics department at Bar-Ilan University in 1989.

Research
Ido Kanter specializes in models of disorder magnetic systems, ultrafast physical random number generators, theory of neural networks, neural cryptography, deep learning and synchronization among neurons and lasers and experimental and theoretical neuroscience, documented in more than 220 publications.

Main contributions
Using a combination of theoretical and experimental methods, Kanter has made contributions to various fields ranging from statistical physics and communication to neural cryptography and neuroscience. These include work on a field of statistical physics known as the inverse problem, bridging between Shannon theory and the second thermodynamic law, presenting a cryptographic key exchange protocol based on neural networks, and creating an ultrafast non-deterministic random bit generator (RBG).

Kanter is currently focusing on the field of experimental and theoretical neuroscience, Kanter studies a variety of topics including the new neuron, dendritic learning, neural interfaces, and machine learning.

Selected publications

References

External links
 Faculty website
 Ido Kanter Lab

1959 births
Living people
Victoria Coverstone. Victoria Lynn Coverstone (also published as Victoria L. Coverstone-Carroll) is a retired American aerospace engineer, the former chair of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Miami, and a professor emerita at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research interests include spacecraft attitude control and trajectory optimization.

Education and career
Aiming to become an astronaut, coverstone studied aeronautical and astronautical engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, earning a bachelor's degree in 1985, master's degree in 1986, and Ph.D. in 1992. Her doctoral dissertation, Optimal cooperative power-limited rendezvous, was supervised by John Prussing. She was one of 122 astronaut candidates in her year to be interviewed at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, but ultimately was not selected because her eyesight did not meet the standard.

Instead, she remained at the University of Illinois as an assistant professor in the Department of Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering, beginning in 1992. She was promoted to associate professor in 1998, and to full professor in 2005, also becoming 	Associate Dean of Graduate and Professional Programs in 2008. In 2016, she moved to Texas Tech University as a professor of mechanical engineering and 	Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs, and in 2017 she moved again to the University of Miami to chair the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

Coverstone is also the founder of Champaign-Urbana Aerospace, a spinoff company from the University of Illinois, and continues to hold a leadership role at the company as Director of Astrodynamics and head of the Division of Space Systems Software.

Recognition
Coverstone was named as a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2013.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American aerospace engineers
20th-century American women engineers
20th-century American engineers
Women aerospace engineers
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Texas Tech University faculty
University of Miami faculty
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Joseph Teran. Joseph M. Teran is an American professor of applied mathematics at the University of California, Davis. His research considers numerical methods for partial differential equations based on classical physics. His work spans applications in virtual surgery and movie special effects. Former students of Teran have taken roles including as associate professors at University of California, Los Angeles and software engineers at Disney.

Research 
Teran's endeavors cover a broad spectrum of computational physics, including:

 Computational solids and fluids
 Multi-material interactions
 Fracture dynamics
 Simulation of dynamics of virtual materials such as skin/soft tissue, water, and smoke
 Clothing and hair dynamics
 Computational biomechanics

He played a role in simulating snow and ice in the film Frozen, collaborating with Disney's animators.

Recognition
Teran's accolades include:
 2012: Distinguished Alumni Scholar in Computer Science at Stanford University
 2011: Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
 2010: Young Investigator Award from the Office of Naval Research
 2008: Recognized as one of the "20 Best Brains Under 40" by Discover Magazine

References 

1977 births
Living people

American mathematicians
American applied mathematicians
University of California, Davis alumni
Recycle Here!. Recycle Here! is a recycling center and drop-off facility in New Center, Detroit that opened in 2007. The recycling center is located in the Warren Motor Car Company Building, now the Dreamtroit complex. The building was once a Lincoln Motor Car Company factory, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020. The Lincoln Street Art Park is an adjacent sculpture garden of site-specific installations made from materials salvaged at Recycle Here!

Recycle Here! recycles paper, plastic, cardboard, glass, metal, books, styrofoam, shredded paper, as well as household hazardous waste.

History
Recycle Here! was conceived of by co-founder Matthew Naimi in 2007, when he was working for the City of Detroit Public Works in curbside refuse collection and noticed a lack of recycling options for residents.

In 2007, Recycle Here! was started through a partnership with the City of Detroit through the Greater Detroit Resource Recovery Authority (GDRRA) and the Department of Public Works.

Recycle Here! has assisted with the creation of recycling programs in the Detroit Public Schools and the coordinated roll-out of curbside recycling and recycling education programs,  with the Detroit GDRRA and DPW. The recycling center has also hosted cultural programs, such as musical performances, maker competitions, and comedy shows. The space is also known for having street art in and outside the building, and the surrounding Lincoln Street Art Park. A mural of a bee by artist Carl Oxley III on the Warren Motor Car Company Building is the official logo of Recycle Here!

In 2010, the Green Living Science 501c3 was created by the staff at Recycle Here! to extend the work of Recycle Here! into educational outreach in the Detroit Public Schools.

Recycle Here! Will occupy a commercial space in the Dreamtroit complex, a mixed-use affordable living complex that started building on the Lincoln Street Art Park property in 2022. The development involves building a new structure within the Warren Motor Car Company Building.

See also
 Lincoln Street Art Park
 Warren Motor Car Company Building

References

Recycling in the United States
Recycling organizations
Hornsey water treatment works. The Hornsey water treatment works in north London abstracts raw water from the New River and supplies treated potable water to Hornsey and surrounding districts. The treatment works were first constructed in 1862 and have been modernized and remodeled several times and still provide clean water to consumers in north London.

History 
The New River supplied water to Islington, but water was also abstracted by settlements along its route. Hornsey was supplied with water from such an offtake. In 1862 a treatment works was established. This comprised a reception basin with an area of about one acre (0.4 ha), from which water was transferred to a reservoir which allowed solids to settle out. The main water treatment was sand filter beds. Water was introduced above a thick layer of sand, and flowed down by gravity through the sand bed. Solids were trapped in the upper layer of sand.  Clarified water from the bottom of the filter was pumped to local consumers. Hornsey works initially comprised three filter beds. Gradually the beds became clogged with matter and had to be drained down and the contaminated layers of sand were scaped off and removed.

Development 
By 1876 a further filter bed had been constructed, and by 1900 there were nine filter beds in operation. Water was transferred by new pumps at 2.5 million gallons per day (11.4 Ml/d) to Crouch Hill reservoir and to Hornsey Lane reservoir. The two reservoirs were capable of storing 12 million gallons (55.0 Ml) and supplied Islington, Hornsey and part of the City.

In 1887 a 215 feet (65.5 m) deep well was sunk into the chalk aquifer and supplemented the water supply.

A 1.25 million gallon (5.7 Ml) contact tank was constructed on the site. Water was dosed with chlorine as a bactericide, the contact tank allowed the chlorine to take effect before water was distributed to consumers. 

By the 1990s the plant comprised six slow sand filters with a granular activated carbon (GAC) sandwich. Comprising typically 300 mm lower sand, 135 mm GAC, 450 mm upper sand. This was followed by disinfection using super-chlorination and de-chlorination.

In addition to the New River water was abstracted from four boreholes. By 1990 both Hornsey and Stoke Newington water works were recognised as being old and inefficient. Stoke Newington closed in 1991 and Hornsey was scheduled to close in 1996. However, with increasing demand for water the decision was made to retain and upgrade Hornsey water works. By 2000 Thames Water wished to decommission the slow sand filters, using modern technology to increase capacity.

Hornsey water works today 
The treatment plant comprises:

 Raw water abstraction
 Coagulant and pH correction (acid dosing)
 Coagulation/flocculation
 Three dissolved air flotation (DAF) units
 pH correction (caustic dosing)
 Five Rapid gravity filter (RGF) units
 Eight catalytic granular activated carbon (cGAC) units
 Disinfection
 High lift pumping

The capacity of the plant is 50 Ml/day. This is sufficient to supply a population of about 350,000.

See also 

 London water supply infrastructure

References 

London water infrastructure
Thames Water
Mirax Force. Mirax Force is a horizontally scrolling shooter video game written by Chris Murray and published by Tynesoft in 1987 for Atari 8-bit computers. The game is heavily inspired by Uridium, which was released a year earlier.

Gameplay

The player's mission in Mirax Force is to fly a fighter called Star Quest over the gigantic alien mothership, destroying as much of the main superstructure as possible, with the ultimate goal being the mothership's reactor. Many hazards such as tall pylons or buildings must be avoided, and while doing so, the player will come under intense attack from waves of defender ships protecting the mothership. The player's ship flies at a fixed altitude just above the surface of the mothership, with the screen scrolling horizontally in both directions.

Reception
Mirax Force received very positive reviews. In the review for Atari User magazine, Neil Fawcett found the game's graphics and colors superb, together making "a stunning display". Similarly, Robert Fripp, who reviewed the game for Aktueller Software Markt magazine, ended his positive review with the words, "Buy this thing!".

References

External links 
 
 

1987 video games
Atari 8-bit computer games
Atari 8-bit computer-only games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Tynesoft games
Fischer Reinach. Fischer Reinach AG (respectively FIR Group AG) is a Swiss steel manufacturing company headquartered in Reinach, Switzerland. Founded in 1842, Fischer is one of the oldest continuously owner-managed companies in Switzerland. In 2017, its 175. anniversary, this was honored by attendance of Federal Councilor Johann Schneider-Ammann.

History 
In 1842, Johannes Wirz, introduced mechanical manufacturing of wire in Reinach, Switzerland. Through this he destroyed an entire industry of manufacturers who primarily constructed such products by hand. Wirz was one of the pioneers of the European wire industry. Initially he mainly produced hairpins, cape hooks, safety pins and other wire products. When Wirz died in 1889, his son Emil Wirz and grandson Karl Fischer took over the company (which now operated as Wirz & Fischer in a general partnership).

In 1899, after the death of Emil Wirz, who had no children, the company became fully owned by the Fischer family. The company has been trading as Fischer & Co., Drahtwerke since 1918. Fischer received growing competition over the years, specifically of a former foreman of Wirz & Fischer, who left the company in 1895. The company was in a financial crisis on the verge of renaming and only narrowly escaped bankruptcy thanks to financial help from Bertrand Vogt, a brother of Carl Fischer's wife, who injected CHF 200,000 into the company as an emergency loan. Interestingly, he was a half-brother respectively uncle to the owners of the competitor company (Vogt & Co., Wire Works). Through this financial help they continued to grow approximately at the same speed with their competition.

In 1927 Carl Fischer died and the company was taken over by Karl and Willy Fischer. Since 1972, the Fischer company has been a public limited company under the name of Drahtwerke Fischer AG. In 1979, the subsidiary Ferronorm was founded in cooperation with Moos Stahl in Lucerne. This is followed by innovations and the founding of further subsidiaries in Germany and abroad. In 2017, the company celebrates its 175th birthday, making it one of the oldest family businesses in Switzerland.

Literature 

 Christoph Zurfluh: Die Häftlimacher, Die Magaziner, 2017 (in German)

References 

Steel companies of Switzerland
Companies based in Aargau
Manufacturing companies established in 1842
1842 establishments in Switzerland