omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Clarktor 6 Towing Tractor. The Clarktor 6 Towing Tractor was an aircraft tug designed and produced by the Clark Tructractor Plant (founded 1919) in Battle Creek, Michigan; The plant is a division of the Clark Equipment Company founded in 1916.

Development

The first Clarktor was manufactured in 1926 and could tow a load over one ton on trolleys. This debut vehicle led to more powerful equipment.

The Clarktor 6 was developed in 1942 as an aircraft tug. Its power came from a six-cylinder flathead engine.

Production

By the end of World War II, thousands of different cargo handling vehicles were deployed to different theater of operations. The British Royal Air Force received 1,500 Clarktor 6. These versions were 'British Heavy' (BH) and supplied to Ministry of War Transport under the Lend Lease Act.

Operational History

World War II - This small tug weighed 2 tons with a drawbar capacity of over 2 tons and towing capacity of 90 tons. It serviced with the United States Army and the British Royal Air Forces. It had no problem towing British's Lancaster and Halifax bombers. The American B24 and B17 were in the 16 ton empty weight and 29 to 32 tons fully loaded and was within the vehicle's capacity.

Korean War - The Clarktor 6 continued operations by providing support not only in moving Air Force jets for service and maintenance, but also to move bombs, fuel, supplies, rations to different areas on an airfield. Soon the Army Bases and Navy yards used the tug for similar operations.

Variants

 Light Duty - T105 or T125 Chrysler Engine. 
 Heavy Duty - T112 or T116 Chrysler Engine. Rated as Mill 44 and Mill 50

Display

Australia

 The Australian War Memorial - Treloar Crescent, Campbell ACT 2612, Australia

United States

 National Museum of the United States Air Force - Dayton, Ohio
 USS Alabama Battleship Memorial Park - Mobile, Alabama
 Museum of Aviation - Museum in Robins Air Force Base, Georgia
 Texas Air Museum - Stinson Chapter - San Antonio, Texas
 Commemorative Air Force - Dallas, Texas
 Castle Air Force Base - Atwater, California

Specifications

References

Military vehicles introduced in the 1920s
Military vehicles of the United States
Aircraft ground handling
Aviation ground support equipment
Tractors
Anurag Garg. Anurag Garg is an Indian Police Service officer. He is appointed as the new director general of the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB). He was earlier working as Additional Director General at the Border Security Force (BSF) headquarters in New Delhi.

Life and career 

Garg is from Uttar Pradesh. He is an IPS officer of the 1993 Batch of the Himachal Pradesh cadre. He studied Electrical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi in 1988. He holds a PG Diploma in Public Policy and is also an alumnus of the National Defense College, Delhi. He worked as an ASP in Shimla and ADC for the governor. He was also included in the important Kosovo mission of the United Nations.

References 

Living people
Indian police officers
Civilian Saucer Investigation. Civilian Saucer Investigation (CSI-LA) was a short-lived Los Angeles-based group dedicated to the study of flying saucer and UFO reports from the early 1950s.  

On May 29, 1951, three North American Aviation technical writers reported witnessing glowing, meteor-like objects making right-angle turns in the sky. The three men, Edward J. Sullivan, Werner Eicher, and Victor Black, joined with rocket scientist Walther Riedel to form the group.  In March 1952, the group was featured in Time magazine, and in April, the organization was mentioned in Life magazine's article Have We Visitors From Space?.  The group published the CSI Quarterly Bulletin, distributing four issues from 1952 to 1954. 

In October 1952, American Mercury published Victor Black's article "The Flying Saucer Hoax".  In it, Black claimed he and his friends had made up the sighting as a joke. CSI-LA dissolved, with its files being turned over to the National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena.

References

External links
 Civilian Saucer Investigation docuents at Project 1947
UFO organizations
UFO culture in the United States
Institute of Computing Technology (CAS). The Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (), abbreviated as ICT, is a computer science and technology research institute under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since its establishment in 1956 as China's first specialized institution engaged in computer research, the institute has developed the first and many other general-purpose digital computers in China, and spin-offed the Institute of Software, Lenovo, Dawning, Loongson, etc.

History
When the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was founded in Beijing in 1956, it rented Building 3 of Xiyuan Hotel as a temporary residence for offices and laboratories. It moved to Zhongguancun in February 1958. In the same year,  the first general-purpose digital electronic computer of China, the 103, was successfully developed at the institute.

In 1964, ICT successfully produced China's first self-developed large digital computer, the 119. The 119 was a core technology in facilitating China's first successful nuclear weapon test (Project 596), also in 1964. 

The institute is the birthplace of China's first general-purpose CPU chip as well. It is also the R&D base of China's high-performance computers. 

In addition, the Institute has successively spin-offed several research institutes and high-tech enterprises, including the Institute of Software, Lenovo, Dawning, Loongson and Cambricon.

Research
The mission of the institute is to advance scientific discoveries and technological innovations in computer science and technology, strives to become a world-class research institute, and to contribute to the economic development and social sustainability of China and the world. 

There are the research divisions of Microprocessor, Computer System, Network, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence; which in turn owns the national Key Laboratory of Processors, the High Performance Computer Research Center, the Network Technology Research Center (NTRC), the Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, etc. The institute also hosts the national core journals of Journal of Computer Research and Development (, in Chinese), Chinese Journal of Computers (, in Chinese) and Journal of Computer Science and Technology.

Teaching
The institute also hosts the School of Computer Science of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), offering various programs in computer science and technology at undergraduate, master and PhD levels. Since 1960, the institute has cultivated more than 6,000 graduates.

Address
The institute is located at: 6 Kexueyuan Nanlu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, China

Email : ictoffice@ict.ac.cn

See also
China Computer Federation
Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences

References

External links
 http://english.ict.cas.cn/

Research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dark (space company). Dark is a space company from Paris, France, specialized in space security and protection, founded in 2021. It develops an air-launched rocket named Interceptor, intending to capture space debris or spy satellites. Interceptor will be launched from a plane in flight from anywhere on the planet and will be capable of deploying payloads of up to 300 kilograms into LEO (low Earth orbit). As of April 2024 the company has raised over $11 million to develop its Interceptor platform.
In 2023, it signed a partnership agreement with Bordeaux Airport. The first launch, from France, is planned for 2026.

References

External links 
 Official website

French companies established in 2021
Companies based in Paris
Aerospace companies of France
Private spaceflight companies
Technology companies established in 2021
John Fairfield Thompson. John Fairfield Thompson was a metallurgist who became President and later Chairman of Inco Limited.

Biography
Thompson was born a Unitarian in Portland, Maine, in 1881, and attended Columbia University's School of Mines, receiving a Bachelor's degree in 1903 and a Ph.D. in 1906, for his work on Platinum-Silver alloys.

Thompson joined Inco in 1906.

As Manager of Operations in 1921, he supervised the construction and initial operations of the Company's Huntington WV plant and rolling mill, founded for the production of high-nickel alloys. As of 2025, this plant continued part of the Special Metals Corporation.

In 1948, he approved funding for a project to develop the stainless steel kitchen sink.

Thompson became President of Inco in 1949 and Chairman in 1951. He relinquished his role as President in 1952.

Thompson, Manitoba was named in his honour because it was discovered in 1956 by the airborne magnetometer that he championed at INCO.

In 1958 he received the AIME Charles F. Rand Gold Memorial Medal, and honorary membership in the AIME in 1961.

Thompson published at least one book, in 1960: "For the years to come : a story of International Nickel of Canada".

Thompson died in 1968.

Family and Legacy
Thompson had a son (1920-1971) who bore the same name, with his wife. Junior rose to become President of the ASPCA.

He was awarded honorary degrees from Columbia University (1950), Queen's University (1954) and Bowdoin College (1959) and Marshall College (1960). He is a commander in the Finnish Order of the White Rose. Recipient of the Thomas Egleston Medal, he is the subject of a photograph deposited at the Smithsonian Institution.

In 2001 the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame inducted him, and in 2011 the Thompson Manitoba community clock was erected in his honour.

References

External links
 Library and Archives of Canada, search on "Thompson, John Fairfield"

1881 births
1968 deaths
Businesspeople from Portland, Maine
Economic history of Canada
Mining in Ontario
Mining in Manitoba
History of Greater Sudbury
Columbia University alumni
American metallurgists
American Unitarians
20th-century Unitarians
American metallurgists
Spheroidal carbonaceous particles. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) is a form of black carbon produced from burning fossil fuels in energy production and heavy industry that is thought to provide stratigraphic markers of the human activities that have changed Earth since the 20th century and thus the anthropocene with the unprecedented rise in the industrial carbon intensity. Humans have modified the carbon cycle, leaving footprints of carbon in the air and the outer earth crust. SCPs - just as other pollution markers of modern human industrial activity like plutonium or microplastics, are found in terrestrial and marine sediments or ice cores in every continent and they have turned up there isochronously since the 1950s.

See also
Carbonaceous
Soot

References

External links
 

 

Stratigraphy
Anthropocene
GIDS Shahpar-III. The Shahpar-III is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) designed by NESCOM and marketed by GIDS. It is the third and newest () member of the Shahpar drone family and is designed as a contender to similar systems like the MQ-9 Reaper.

Development 
The Shahpar-III being part of the GIDS Shahpar family is a further result of Pakistan's ongoing effort to enhance its local defence industry, particularly in aerospace. Shahpar-III's existence was revealed in a future roadmap presented by GIDS on its website where it was categorized as a group-4+ UCAV. Over time, GIDS displayed models and technology demonstrators of it in various international defense exhibitions including IDEF-2023. Its development cost around a US$100 million.

During the IDEAS-24 expo in November 2024, GIDS CEO Asad Kamal and Pakistan Army chief General Asim Munir unveiled the Shahpar-III marking its first public appearance. It was classified by GIDS as a Group-4+ UCAV and reportedly developed to compete with similar drones of its category like the MQ-9 Reaper.

The Shahpar-III features domestic flight control systems and avionics and is equipped with a 1553 architecture dual-redundant flight control computer enhancing its reliability. Being a UCAV, it can be deployed in a variety of roles with ISR, ISTAR, CAS and maritime roles among them. It can be armed with several Pakistani-sourced munitions like the Barq missiles and Al Battaar laser-guided bombs though other munitions can also be integrated onto it.

Variants 
 Shahpar-III (140 hp): Version fitted with 140 hp engine.
 Shahpar-III (170 hp): Version fitted with more powerful 170 hp engine.

Specifications (170hp configuration)

See also 
 Burraq
 Bayraktar TB2

References 

GIDS products
Unmanned military aircraft of Pakistan
Airborne military robots
Albert Gagnebin. Albert Paul Gagnebin (1909-1999) was an American metallurgist who became president then Chairman of Inco Limited. He co-discovered ductile cast iron.

Early life and education 
Albert Paul Gagnebin was born in 1909. He received a metallurgy degree from Yale University.

Career 
Gagnebin started work at the International Nickel Company's laboratory in Bayonne, New Jersey. Over the course of a few years, he and co-inventors Keith Mills and Norman Pilling developed ductile cast iron, which they had observed by chance. The product was patented in 1949. In 1952, the American Foundrymen's Society honored Gagnebin and Millis with the Peter L. Simpson Gold Medal for their finding. 

Gagnebin wrote The Fundamentals of Iron and Steel Castings in 1957. The book went through at least four editions by 1968.

He rose in the company, becoming vice-president in 1964 and president in 1967. The following year, he opened five new mines. In March 1969, he cemented the COFIMPAC accord with the French government for INCO to begin to exploit a property in New Caledonia. Gagnebin became chairman in 1971 before retiring in 1974. He remained on the board of directors until 1980.

In 1977, Gagnebin earned the Charles F. Rand Memorial Gold Medal from the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers for distinguishing himself in mining administration.

Death 
Gagnebin died in February 1999. He was survived by his wife (Grace) and two daughters (Anne Coffin and Joan Wicks).

References

1909 births
1999 deaths
Yale University alumni
American metallurgists
20th-century American inventors
American metallurgists
Afeela 1. The Afeela 1 is an upcoming battery-electric full-size liftback sedan that will be produced by Sony Honda Mobility starting in 2026. It is the company's first production vehicle.

Overview

Background 
In January 2020 at the 53rd Consumer Electronics Show, Sony unveiled the Sony Vision-S concept car sedan, later renamed the Vision-S 01. It was a project led by Sony's AI and Robotics team, and it was a functional prototype that showcased Sony's automotive technology. At the 54th Consumer Electronics Show in January 2021, the vehicle was renamed to the Vision-S 01, and Sony revealed that the vehicle had undergone road testing to further refine its systems. 

In March 2022, Sony announced that it would form a joint venture with Honda to sell battery-electric vehicles.

On January 5, 2023, Sony Honda Mobility unveiled the Afeela 1 as a prototype at the 56th Consumer Electronics Show. The car features Level 3 automated driving capabilities under limited conditions.

The Afeela prototype also appears as a playable vehicle in Gran Turismo 7, which was added to the game in version 1.46.

Production 
On January 8, 2025, Sony Honda Mobility unveiled the production version at CES 2025. The company says the Afeela 1 “pursues an interactive relationship between people and vehicles” and deliveries to customers will begin in mid-2026. Afeela will sell the EV in two versions, with prices starting from $89,900, including a 3-year complimentary subscription to select features, including Afeela Intelligent Drive, Afeela Personal Agent, and entertainment content. The top trim is known as the Signature and is expected to start deliveries in mid-2026, while the base model is dubbed the Origin and will start production in 2027. Refundable reservations opened online directly after the reveal for , initially exclusively for California residents.

Powertrain 
The Afeela 1 is available with a single all-wheel drive powertrain and battery pack option. It is powered by two 180kW electric motors for a total of . Power is supplied by a 91kWh lithium-ion battery pack, which can be recharged at up 150kW when DC fast charging, and it provides a range of about .

See also 
 Sony Honda Mobility

References 

Cars introduced in 2023
Electric vehicles introduced in the 21st century
Electric cars
Hatchbacks
1960 in spaceflight (October-December). This is a list of spaceflights launched between October and December 1960. For launches between July and September, see 1960 in spaceflight (July–September). For an overview of the whole year, see 1960 in spaceflight.

Orbital launches 

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October 
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December 
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Suborbital flights 

 

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Reference

External links 

1960 in spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
Spaceflight
Rong Yi. Rong Yi (; born October 1978) is a Chinese rocket engineer of Tujia ethnicity who is the chief designer of Long March 2F. 

Rong is a member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Biography 
Rong was born Rong Yi () in Enshi, Hubei, in October 1978. In 1994 she attended Enshi No.1 High School. In 1997, she enrolled at the National University of Defense Technology, where she majored in space engineering. In 2001, she pursued advanced studies at Tsinghua University, earning her doctor's degree in engineering in 2006. Soon after, she was a postdoctoral fellow at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.

After graduating in March 2008, Rong was assigned as a rocket designer to the Overall Design Department of China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In 2017 she became deputy chief designer of the Long March 9. In 2021, she succeeded Zhang Zhi as the chief designer of Long March 2F.

Honours and awards 
 2020 Fellow of the International Academy of Astronautics

References 

1978 births
Living people
Tujia people
People from Enshi
Engineers from Hubei
National University of Defense Technology alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Members of the 14th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
SpacemiT. SpacemiT is a computing chip company based in Hangzhou, China, founded in 2021, focused on RISC-V AI CPUs. In 2024, it unveiled the Muse Book laptop with Bianbu OS operating system, based on the Key Stone K1 octa-core RISC-V chip. In January 2025 has announced the development of a server processor with up to 64 RISC-V core, named VitalStone V100, made on a 12nm-class process technology. VitalStone V100 supports virtualization, memory virtualization through an IOMMU which complies with the RISC-V architecture and the AXI4-Stream DTI interface.

References

External links 
 Official website

Chinese companies established in 2021
Companies based in Hangzhou
Technology companies established in 2021
Microprocessors made in China
Walid Tawfik. Prof. Walid Tawfik  (born July 6, 1969) is an Egypt academic researcher at Cairo University.

Early life and education 
Tawfik was born on July 6, 1969, in Cairo, Egypt. He earned his Bachelor of Science in Physics from Cairo University in 1992, followed by a Master of Science in Physics in 1996. He completed his PhD in Physics in 2000 at Cairo University in collaboration with the Technical University of Munich, Germany. His dissertation focused on the study of photon-molecular interaction dynamics using short laser pulses.

Career

Academic leadership 
Tawfik has held several academic leadership positions, including Chairman of the Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture (LAMPA) at Cairo University since December 2020. He has overseen curriculum development and accreditation processes, including those aligned with NAQAAE and ABET standards.

Research 
Tawfik's research focuses on the interdisciplinary application of ultrafast lasers, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence models (AIM) in environmental analysis and cancer treatment. He has published over 80 papers in Web of Science-indexed journals and has an H-index of 20. His work on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been widely cited, and he has been recognized as one of the world's top 2% scientists in photonics by Stanford University (2021–2024).

Projects 
Principal Investigator: A project funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF) with a budget of 10 million Egyptian pounds, focusing on the detection of soil contamination using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). 
Co-Principal Investigator: A joint Egypt-US project funded by STDF, focusing on photoactive biocompatible carbon-based nanocomposites for cancer treatment.

Publications 
Tawfik has authored or co-authored numerous publications.

Books

Articles

Awards and recognition 
Listed among the world's top 2% scientists in photonics by Stanford University (2021–2024)
Senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Optical Society of America (OSA)

References 

1969 births
Living people
Egyptian physicists
Cairo University alumni
Academic staff of Cairo University
Submarine mining units of the Royal Engineers. The Submarine Mining Service was a branch of the Royal Engineers (RE) tasked with defending Britain's dockyards using fixed mines (also known as 'torpedoes' in the early days) and later electric searchlights. From 1871 the RE formed a number of submarine mining (SM) companies, stationed at defended ports in the UK and around the Empire. 30th Submarine Mining Company at Plymouth acted as the depot company for the Submarine Mining School.

As the commitments of the service expanded the Regular RE companies were supplemented by SM companies (later 'divisions') formed within the Militia. The first was raised in 1878 as the Hampshire Engineers (Submarine Miners) at Gosport, expanded in 1883 to form the Southern Division Submarine Mining Militia of four companies stationed at Portsmouth, Plymouth and Chatham dockyards. By 1892 these had been expanded to 10 divisions covering the main naval dockyards in the UK. A high level committee on RE manpower chaired by Lord Sandhurst in 1885–6 recommended a rapid expansion of the SM service, including the Militia.

A few SM companies were also formed in 1883–4 within Engineer Volunteer Corps (EVCs) of the Volunteer Force. However, the War Office decided in 1886 that the higher standard of training required by submarine miners made it more convenient to treat these companies as separate units, and seven Volunteer SM divisions were formed.

After the submarine mining branch was abolished in 1907, the Regular units were converted into Fortress Companies, the  Militia units were disbanded and most of the Volunteer units were reduced to small units working the searchlights for the gun defences. The following year these were incorporated into the Fortress Royal Engineer units of the Territorial Force.

List of RE Submarine mining units

Regulars
Units formed in the Regular RE:

Militia
Units formed in the Militia:

Volunteers
Units formed in the Volunteers:

Notes

References
 Brig-Gen W. Baker Brown, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, Vol IV, Chatham: Institution of Royal Engineers, 1952.
 Col George Jackson Hay, An Epitomized History of the Militia (The Constitutional Force), London: United Service Gazette, 1905/Ray Westlake Military Books, 1987, ISBN 0-9508530-7-0/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2015 .
 Graham E. Watson & Richard A. Rinaldi, The Corps of Royal Engineers: Organization and Units 1889–2018, Tiger Lily Books, 2018, .
 R.A. Westlake, Royal Engineers (Volunteers) 1859–1908, Wembley: R.A. Westlake, 1983, .

 
Lists of British Army units and formations