omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Franziska Emmerling. Franziska L. Emmerling (born 1975) is a German chemist. Emmerling is Head of Materials Chemistry Department and Head of the Structure Analysis Division at the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). She is a privatdozent at Humboldt University.

Early life and education 
Emmerling was born in Bad Dürkheim. She studied chemistry at Albert-Ludwig University, and completed her PhD at the same institution in 2003. Her doctoral work focused on the synthesis and structural investigation of intermetallic phases and ternary oxides of the elements arsenic, antimony and bismuth in unusual valence states.

Research and career 
Emmerling conducted post-doctoral research in the group of Prof. Claudia Felser at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. In 2005, Emmerling moved to the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin as head of the working group on X-ray structure analysis. From 2010 until 2013 she held a guest professorship in inorganic chemistry at Humboldt University in Berlin. In 2012 Emmerling became Head of the Division ‘Structure Analysis’ at BAM, before becoming Head of Department Analytical Sciences and Reference Materials in 2017.
Emmerling achieved her habilitation in chemistry in 2018 focusing on in situ analysis of mechanochemical reaction.

The current work of Emmerling focuses on the investigation of crystallization and aggregation phenomena by means of synchrotron radiation. She is also well known for her advances in mechanochemistry and for developing new methods to monitor mechanochemical reactions in situ. Emmerling develops and uses time-resolved experiments applying synchrotron X-rays, supplemented with additional analytic methods including Raman spectroscopy and XANES.

In 2019, Emmerling was elected as a member of the Analytical Chemistry Division of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)  Currently, she is Head of Materials Cheimstry Department and Head of the Structure Analysis Division at the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM).

References 

1975 births
Living people
German materials scientists
Women materials scientists and engineers
Inorganic chemists
21st-century German chemists
German women chemists
People from Bad Dürkheim
University of Freiburg alumni
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Aleksandr Nudelman. Aleksandr Emmanuilovich Nudelman (; 21 August 1912 – 2 August 1996) was a Soviet weapon designer and researcher. Numerous weapon systems were created under his direction. Nudelman made special contributions to the development of aircraft-mounted weapons as well as unguided rockets and anti-tank guided missiles. He was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour twice.

Life and career
Nudelman was born in Odesa to a Jewish model carpenter, Emmanuil Abramovich Nudelman (1877–1945), head of a local mechanical shop, and Ester Isaakovna Nudelman (née Steinman, 1879–1960). After graduating from technical college in 1929, he worked in the designer's office and at the Odessa Industrial Institute/Odessa Polytechnic Institute, then at the OKB-16 design bureau under Yakov Taubin. He became director and main designer of the OKB in 1942, consultant to the Ministry of Corporate Defense of the USSR in 1987, and research consultant in KB Tochmash in 1991. In 1962, he defended his thesis in which he developed principles of construction of, and design solutions to, a new generation of autocannons.

Nudelman closely worked with Professor Leonid Linnik, head of the laboratory of optical quantum generators of the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, where experimental and clinical approbation of the first laser devices of the USSR, developed at OKB-16, took place. With the collaboration, the first medical laser treatment was carried out by Linnik in 1963.

After retiring in 1987, Nudelman continued to work as a consultant to KB Tochmash, becoming a consultant to the Ministry of Corporate Defense of the USSR at that time.

Nudelman worked and lived in Moscow until his death, and was buried with military honours in the Kuntsevo Cemetery.

Some weapons Nudelman designed include the NS-37, NS-23, N-37, NS-45, N-57, NS-76, NR-23, NR-30 autocannons, S-5, S-8, S-25 rockets, the 3M11 Falanga missile and its variants, the 9K112 Kobra, the Strela-1, 9K35 Strela-10, the OK-1 and OK-2 medical lasers, among others.

External links 
 Борьба за превосходство в воздухе — Журнал «Братишка»  
 Люди, Конструкторы оружия, НУДЕЛЬМАН Александр Эммануилович
 Нудельман Александр Эммануилович 

1912 births
1996 deaths
Engineers from Odesa
Odesa National Polytechnic University alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Firearm designers
Russian inventors
Russian Jews
Russian mechanical engineers
Soviet inventors
Soviet Jews
Soviet mechanical engineers
Weapon designers from the Soviet Union
Weapons scientists and engineers
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery
Maïmouna Ndoye Seck. Maïmouna Ndoye Seck (born 1962 in Dakar) is a Senegalese politician. An alumnus of the Ecole Polytechnique of Thiès, she was the Minister of Energy from 2013 to 2015 and the Minister of Tourism and Air Transport from 2015 to 2017, before she became the Minister of Air Transport and Airport Facilities Development in September 2017.

Biography
Seck was born in 1962 in Dakar and studied Engineering and Mechanical Engineering/Design at the École Polytechnique de Thiès from 1982. She was the first woman to graduate from that school. She also earned a master's degree in energy management and economics.

Seck was the Principal Private Secretary of the Ministry of Energy, and a government advisor. In 2013, she joined the Touré Government as the Minister of Energy, before she became the Minister of Energy and Sustainable Energy Development within the First Dionne Government in 2014.

Seck has chaired the Electricity Sector Regulatory Committee (CRSE) with the aim of making energy affordable at a lower price.

Following to the 2015 cabinet reshuffle, Seck became Minister of Tourism and Air Transport with the aim of re-organising a sector in difficulty notably due to the difficulties of Senegal Airlines.

References

21st-century Senegalese women politicians
21st-century Senegalese politicians
Women government ministers of Senegal
Tourism ministers of Senegal
Energy ministers of Senegal
Air transport ministers of Senegal
People from Dakar
1962 births
Living people
Nahid Khazenie. Dr. Nahid Khazenie is a mechanical engineer who served as president of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society from 1998 to 1999.

Khazenie completed her undergraduate education at the Michigan Technological University before going on to receive several graduate degrees from the University of Texas at Austin, including a Ph.D. in 1987 for Mechanical Engineering and Operations Research. She joined the faculty and was a research scientist, specializing in remote sensing applications in agriculture and ocean studies. Because of her work there, she became a Senior Scientist appointment to the Naval Research Laboratory and then NASA as Earth Science Enterprise Education Programs Manager.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American mechanical engineers
Michigan Technological University alumni
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
Members of the IEEE
Hinge bender. A hinge bender, also called a hinge tweaker or hinge adjuster, is a hand tool for adjusting hinges, for instance on doors and windows on buildings or on cars. A hinge bender can be used to straighten a door that is tilted sideways relative to the door frame, which tends to happen gradually with most doors over a long time period. According to the Norwegian Standard NS 3424, it is expected that a house door needs adjustment every 2 to 8 years. Tilted doors can be especially noticeable during the winter time, as doors tend to expand due to changes in humidity of the air.

Use 
The hinge bender is used by placing it onto the hinge and twisting the tool in the direction that one wishes to adjust the door panel. It is important to turn the bender in the right direction. The tool is placed onto the hinge from the top while the door is closed. By rotating the hinge bender towards the door, the opening between the hinge stile and casing is decreased. If the tool instead is rotated away from the door, the opening between the hinge stile and casing will be increased.

Pulling with too much force can break the hinge or strip the screw heads of the hinge. Hinge benders can have either adjustable or fixed openings in order to fit different types of hinges.

Different types and dimensions 
Hinge dimensions, and thus corresponding hinge bender size, vary with types of doors and between different regions. Some common diameters for fixed-opening hinge benders in Europe are . In the United States, 0.134 and 0.180 gauge hinges are common, which have barrel diameters of . In Australia, some common hinge barrel diameters are .

Adjustable hinge benders are also available to accommodate different hinge sizes.

See also 
 Jamb
 Wood chisel

References

External links 
 Demonstration of an Adjustable Hinge Bender on YouTube
 Demonstration on Bending Door Hinges Without a Hinge Bender on YouTube

Tools
List of bridges in South Africa. 

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
This table presents the structures with spans greater than  (non-exhaustive list).

See also 

 Transport in South Africa
 Numbered routes in South Africa
 Rail transport in South Africa
 Geography of South Africa
 List of rivers of South Africa
 List of crossings of the Orange River

Notes and references 
 

 Others references

Further reading

External links 

 
 
 
 

South Africa
 
Bridges
Bridges
List of challenge awards. This list of challenge awards is an index to articles about notable challenge awards, or inducement prize contests.
A cash prize is given for the accomplishment of a feat, usually of engineering.

Offered before 1900

Offered in 20th century

Offered in 21st century

See also

 Inducement prize contest
 Space elevator competitions
 Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
 Data science competition platform
 Lists of awards

References

 
Challenge
2019 WPI Engineers football team. The 2019 WPI Engineers football team represented Worcester Polytechnic Institute in the 2019 NCAA Division III football season. It marked the Engineers' 130th overall season.  The team played its home games at Alumni Stadium in Worcester, Massachusetts. They were led by tenth-year head coach Chris Robertson.

The Engineers finished the regular season with its fifth consecutive winning season, and the program's first ever season with ten wins.

Personnel

Coaching staff

Schedule
In 2019, WPI faced all seven NEWMAC opponents: Catholic, Coast Guard, Maine Maritime, MIT, Merchant Marine, Norwich, and Springfield. They also played four non-conference games: the three originally scheduled being Worcester State of the Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC), RPI of the Liberty League, and Husson of the Commonwealth Coast Conference (CCC), plus Western Connecticut State (MASCAC) in the New England Bowl series.

 On August 26, the Engineers tied for third in the 2019 NEWMAC Preseason Coaches' Poll.

Awards and honors

Weekly awards
NEWMAC Football Offensive Athlete of the Week
 Sean McAllen, RB – Week Ending September 22, 2019
 Connor Field, RB – Week Ending September 29, 2019
 Sean McAllen, RB – Week Ending October 6, 2019
 Julian Nyland, QB – Week Ending October 27, 2019

NEWMAC Football Defensive Athlete of the Week
 Zack Ahrens, DB – Week Ending September 15, 2019
 Nick Ostrowski, LB – Week Ending September 22, 2019
 Sam Casey, DB – Week Ending September 29, 2019

NEWMAC Football Special Teams Athlete of the Week
 Bryce Wade, K/P – Week Ending September 15, 2019
 Bryce Wade, K/P – Week Ending September 29, 2019
 Bryce Wade, K/P – Week Ending October 6, 2019
 Bryce Wade, K/P – Week Ending October 27, 2019

D3football.com Team of the Week
 Sam Casey, S – Week 4
 Isaac Patry, Peter Rakauskas, Vince Lucca, Jordan Hartley, & Sullivan Boyd, OL – Week 8

Postseason awards 
New England Football Writers Division II/III Coach of the Year
 Chris Robertson, HC
New England Football Writers Division II/III All-New England Team
 Sean McAllen, RB
 Vince Lucca, OL
NEWMAC Offensive Athlete of the Year
 Sean McAllen, RB
NEWMAC Defensive Athlete of the Year
 Sam Casey, DB
NEWMAC All-Conference First Team
 Julian Nyland, QB
 Sean McAllen, RB
 Connor Field, RB
 Vince Lucca, OL
 Isaac Patry, OL
 Sam Casey, DB
 Nick Ostrowski, LB
 Lou Duh, DL
 Mike McGoff, DL
NEWMAC All Conference Second Team
 Nic Rossi, WR
 Peter Rakauskas, OL
 Jordan Hartley, OL
 Steve Mey, DB
 Adam Klosner, DB
 Zack Ahrens, LB
 Bryce Wade, P/K
 Austin Pesce, R
NEWMAC All-Sportsmanship Team
 Steve Mey, DB
D3football.com All-East Region First Team
 Sean McAllen, RB
D3football.com All-East Region Second Team
 Sam Casey, DB
D3football.com All-East Region Third Team
 Nick Ostrowski, LB
CoSIDA Academic All-American Football Second Team (DIII)
 Lou Duh, DL
CoSIDA Academic All-District Football Team (DIII)
 Julian Nyland, QB
 Sean McAllen, RB
 Clark Ewen, WR
 Lou Duh, DL
 Nick Ostrowski, LB

References

WPI
WPI Engineers football seasons
WPI Engineers football
Halex process. In chemistry, the Halex process is used to convert aromatic chlorides to the corresponding aromatic fluorides.  The process entails Halide exchange, hence the name. The reaction conditions call for hot (150-250 °C) solution of the aryl chloride and anhydrous potassium fluoride. Typical solvents are dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and sulfolane.  Potassium chloride is generated in the process. The reaction is mainly applied to nitro-substituted aryl chlorides.  Sometimes more soluble fluorides, such as caesium fluoride and TBAF are used.

The following reactions are practiced commercially in this manner:
2-nitrochlorobenzene  →  2-fluoronitrobenzene
4-nitrochlorobenzene  →  1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene
1,2-dichloronitrobenzene  →  1-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene
1,4-dichloronitrobenzene  →  1-chloro-4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzene
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene  →  1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
5-chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride  →  5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride
1,3-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene  →  1,3-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene
2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile  →  2,6-difluorobenzonitrile

The nitro groups in the above compounds can be reduced to give the corresponding aniline.  For example, selective hydrogenation of 4-fluoronitrobenzene gives 4-fluoroaniline.  Thus, the Halex method provides access to a host of fluoroanilines.

For producing aryl fluorides, the Halex process is complementary to the Balz-Schiemann reaction and its variants.

References

Fluoroarenes
Phenyl compounds
List of bridges in Egypt. 

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
This table presents the structures with spans greater than  (non-exhaustive list).

See also 

 Transport in Egypt
 Rail transport in Egypt
 Geography of Egypt
 List of rivers of Egypt
 :de:Liste der Nilbrücken  - List of bridges over the Nile River

Notes and references 
 Notes

 

 Others references

Further reading

External links 

 
 

Egypt
 
Bridges
Bridges
Domain controller. A domain controller (DC) is a server that responds to security authentication requests within a computer network domain. It is a network server that is responsible for allowing host access to domain resources. It authenticates users, stores user account information and enforces security policy for a domain. It is most commonly implemented in Microsoft Windows environments (see Domain controller (Windows)), where it is the centerpiece of the Windows Active Directory service. However, non-Windows domain controllers can be established via identity management software such as Samba and Red Hat FreeIPA.

Software
The software and operating system used to run a domain controller usually consists of several key components shared across platforms. This includes the operating system (usually Windows Server or Linux), an LDAP service (Red Hat Directory Server, etc.), a network time service (ntpd, chrony, etc.), and a computer network authentication protocol (usually Kerberos). Other components, such as a public key infrastructure (Active Directory Certificate Services, DogTag, OpenSSL) service and Domain Name System (Windows DNS or BIND) may also be included on the same server or on another domain-joined server.

Implementation
Domain controllers are typically deployed as a cluster to ensure high-availability and maximize reliability. In a Windows environment, one domain controller serves as the Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and all other servers promoted to domain controller status in the domain serve as a Backup Domain Controller (BDC). In Unix-based environments, one machine serves as the master domain controller and others serve as replica domain controllers, periodically replicating database information from the main domain controller and storing it in a read-only format.

See also
 Apple Open Directory
 Domain controller (Windows)
 Microsoft Windows Active Directory
 Red Hat Identity Manager/Red Hat FreeIPA

References

Servers (computing)
Domain Name System
Active Directory
Authentication protocols
Network architecture
Red Hat software
Issa Batarseh. Issa E. Batarseh is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Central Florida.

Education and career
Batarseh got his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1990 and prior to it, got his B.S. in computer engineering and M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1983 and 1985, respectively. Following graduation, from 1989 to 1990, Batarseh served as a visiting assistant professor at Purdue University in Calumet City, Illinois.  He was appointed to the University of Central Florida in 1991.

Awards and recognitions

 2008, elected fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science,
 2014, became a fellow of the IEEE.  
 2015,elected a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. 
 2017 inducted into Florida Inventors Hall of Fame in 2017.

Books

References

External links

 Florida Power Electronics Center https://fpec.ucf.edu

20th-century births
Living people
American electrical engineers
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
University of Central Florida faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nishi-Nagoya Thermal Power Station. is an LNG-fired thermal power station operated by JERA in the village of Tobishima, Aichi, Japan. The facility is located on reclaimed land at the head of Mikawa Bay.

History
The Nishi-Nagoya Thermal Power Station began operations in 1970 as an oil-fired power plant operated by Chubu Electric. Unit 1 through unit 6 were constructed between 1970 and 1975.  On September 14, 2010, Chubu Electric announced a renewal plan to replace the aging existing facilities with a high-efficiency natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation system.  

Construction began on Units 7-1 and 7-2 on January 30, 2014. Unit 7-1 came on-line on September 29, 2017, and Unit 7-2 on March 30, 2018. Both Unit 7-1 and 7-2 use a Toshiba exhaust heat recovery multi-shaft 1,600 °C class combined cycle power generation system (MACCII) in which three generators are connected to three gas turbines and one steam turbine.  In order to transport the natural gas used at this power plant, a submarine tunnel with a length of 4.6 km extending from the Chita Daini Thermal Power Station  was constructed. In March 2018,  Guinness World Records certified the Nishi-Nagoya Thermal Power Station Unit 7-1 as the world's most efficient combined cycle power generation facility.

In April 2019, the operations of Chubu Electric Power were transferred to JERA, a joint venture between Chubu Electric and TEPCO Fuel & Power, Inc, a subsidiary of Tokyo Electric Power Company.

Plant details

See also 

 Energy in Japan
 List of power stations in Japan

References

External links
official home page

1970 establishments in Japan
Energy infrastructure completed in 1970
Natural gas-fired power stations in Japan
Tobishima, Aichi
Chubu Electric Power
Antonia Navarro Huezo. Antonia Navarro Huezo (San Salvador, 10 August 1870 – 22 December 1891) was a topographic engineer and teacher from El Salvador. She was the first woman in Central America to graduate from university, earning a PhD from the University of El Salvador in 1889.

Biography 

Antonia Navarro Huezo was born in 1870 to Belisaro Navarro (an apothecary) and Marina Huezo. The family was intellectual and despite the death of her father in 1878, her desire for education continued to be supported by an uncle. However her health was poor, and she was unable to attend school. Nevertheless she studied by herself and was allowed to take examinations to enter university. In 1887, she presented herself at the Faculty of Engineering at the University of El Salvador to study for her degree. During her time at university she had an affair with Alberto Sánchez Huezo, another student. 

Huezo progressed quickly and excelled in all the classes - just two years later she was awarded a PhD in Engineering in 1889. She defended her thesis successfully on 20 September 1889, after thirteen hours of questioning. The news of her success was reported around the world. Her thesis examined the widely-recognised phenomenon of The Moon of the Harvests - the idea that the moon is brighter so crops can be brought in. Huezo proved in her thesis that this effect was an illusion. 

Huezo's thesis defence and the award of a degree was national news and the president of El Salvador General Francisco Menéndez congratulated her in person and organised a celebratory concert. However, despite being the first woman to graduate from university in El Salvador, she was not allowed to teach there and instead was posted to teach younger women in San Salvador's high school. 

Huezo died of tuberculosis on 22 December 1891. She has no known grave.

Legacy 
Huezo's achievements are an important milestone in women's history in El Salvador. She is seen as an important feminist role model for women in the country. There is a mural dedicated to her in the theatre of the University of El Salvador.

References 

1870 births
1891 deaths
19th-century women engineers
19th-century engineers
Salvadoran women engineers
University of El Salvador alumni
People from San Salvador
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in El Salvador
Hard carbon. Hard carbon is a solid form of carbon that cannot be converted to graphite by heat-treatment, even at temperatures as high as 3000 °C. It is also known as char, or non-graphitizing carbon. More colloquially it can be described as charcoal.

Hard carbon is produced by heating carbonaceous precursors to approximately 1000 °C in the absence of oxygen. Among the precursors for hard carbon are polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), lignin and sucrose. Other precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and petroleum coke, produce soft carbon, or graphitizing carbon. Soft carbon can be readily converted to graphite by heating to 3000 °C.

The physical properties of the two classes of carbons are quite different. Hard carbon is a low density material, with extremely high microporosity, while soft carbon has little microporosity. Hard carbon is extensively used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.

Manufacturers of hard carbon include Xiamen Tob New Energy (China), Kuraray (Japan) and Stora Enso (Finland).

See also
Carbon
Graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons
Carbonization
Graphite

References

External links
 Investigating hard carbons for battery materials
 Researchers use hard carbon for anode in sodium-ion batteries

Allotropes of carbon