omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ascot-Pullin 500. The Ascot-Pullin 500 was a motorcycle made by Ascot-Pullin Motorcycles in Letchworth, Hertfordshire in 1928. As an updated version of the Pullin motor bicycle of 1919, the Ascot-Pullin 500 overhead valve single was the first time hydraulic brakes were used on a motorcycle.

History
In 1919, British inventor Cyril Pullin and Stanley L. Groom produced the Pullin motor bicycle, a wheeled machine that included a novel two-stroke engine and extensive manufacture use of steel pressings that anticipated developments by British motorcycle manufacturer Ariel Motorcycles in the late 1950s and Japanese motorcycle manufacturers in 1960s. The bicycle was patented in 1920. Since 1920, Pullin had been working with Stanley Groom to develop and patent a two-stroke motorcycle with a unique design of pressed sheet metal frame and forks. After working on a range of other inventions including the Ascot, Pullin teamed up with Groom again to further develop their ideas and patent the Ascot Pullin motorcycle, with a four-stroke rather than two-cycle engine. At a time when manufacturers were taking a very traditional approach to motorcycle design with conventional frames and engine layout, Pullin and Grom were keen to create an enclosed feel by mounting the engine horizontally within a pressed-steel frame. As well as the hydraulic brakes, Pullin also designed a telescopic centre stand and an adjustable windshield, complete with a windscreen wiper and rear-view mirror, as well as a fully enclosed chain and interchangeable wheels.

With estimated , the Ascot-Pullin was capable of , but approximately 400 to 500 were produced, so few survive to this day.

Pullin's influence can be seen in the emergence of the Ariel Leader and the Vincent Black Prince thirty years later, which both developed the enclosed concept in an attempt to attract a wider range of customers. As with the Ascot-Pullin, however, the fully enclosed look has never really led to high volume sales but instead attracts a niche market.

At present, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recognizes that the first hydraulic brakes on motorcycles occurred in 1952.

See also
 List of motorcycles of the 1920s

References

External links

 Ascot-Pullin at Grace's Guide to British Industrial History

Motorcycles of the United Kingdom
Motorcycles introduced in the 1920s
Hecht Company Warehouse. The Hecht Company Warehouse in Washington, D.C. is a Streamline Moderne style building.  Designed by engineer Gilbert V. Steel of the New York engineering firm Abbott and Merkt, and prominently located on New York Avenue in Ivy City, it served as the central warehouse for The Hecht Company from its construction in 1937 and expansion in 1948. The building uses glass block extensively, culminating in a twelve-pointed star-shaped cupola at the corner, which is illuminated at night. Black brick interspersed with glass block spells out "The Hecht Co" at the fifth floor.

At its opening, the building featured an in-house vehicle repair shop, air conditioning for the basement and first two floors, and three railroad track platforms.

A careful rehabilitation was carried out in 1992, using matching materials. The site and surrounding area are currently under redevelopment to turn the building into a mixed-use retail and residential complex called the Hecht Warehouse District.

See also
 Woodward & Lothrop Service Warehouse

References

Warehouses in the United States
Industrial buildings completed in 1937
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Warehouses on the National Register of Historic Places
Art Deco architecture in Washington, D.C.
Streamline Moderne architecture in Washington, D.C.
Direction flag. The direction flag is a flag that controls the left-to-right or right-to-left direction of string processing, stored in the FLAGS register on all x86-compatible CPUs.  It is bit number 10.

This flag is used to determine the direction ('forward' or 'backward') in which several bytes of data will be copied from one place in the memory, to another. The direction is important mainly when the original data position in memory and the target data position overlap.
 If it is set to 0 (using the clear-direction-flag instruction CLD) — it means that string is processed beginning from lowest to highest address; such instructions mode is called auto-incrementing mode. Both the source index and destination index (like MOVS) will increase them;
 In case it is set to 1 (using the set-direction-flag instruction STD) — the string is processed from highest to lowest address. This is called auto-decrementing mode.

References

X86 architecture
J. Random Hacker. In computer slang, J. Random Hacker is  an arbitrary programmer (hacker).

"J. Random Hacker" is a popular placeholder name in a number of books and articles in programming. J. Random Hacker even authored a book about ease of malicious hacking, Adventures of a Wi-Fi Pirate. Also, J. Random Hacker was a main developer of I2P software.

Over time, J. Random X  has become a popular cliché or snowclone in computer lore, with more types of "random" (meaning "arbitrary") categories of people, such as "J. Random Newbie", J. Random User, or J. Random Luser.

See also 
 Alice and Bob, placeholder names often used when discussing computer security
 Acme Corporation, placeholder name often used to describe a company

References

Internet slang
Computer humour
Placeholder names
Great Construction Projects of Communism. Great Construction Projects of Communism () is a phrase that is used to identify a series of the most ambitious construction megaprojects of major great importance for the economy of the Soviet Union. The projects were initiated in the 1950s on the command of Joseph Stalin.

The following projects in irrigation, navigation, and hydroelectric power were initiated in 1950.
Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Station, now Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station in Samara Oblast, Russia
Stalingrad Hydroelectric Station, now Volga Hydroelectric Station near Volgograd, and the associated irrigation network in the Caspian Depression
The system of Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant in the lower part of the Dnieper river
North Crimean Canal, Kakhovka Canal, and irrigation networks in northern Crimea and southern Ukraine
Main Turkmen Canal, unfinished
The Volga–Don Canal

Other "construction projects of Communism" include:
 Tsimlyansk Hydroelectric Station, now in Rostov Oblast, Russia
The White Sea–Baltic Canal
The Moscow Canal
Dnieper Hydroelectric Station
Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station
"Magnitka": Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works
Baikal–Amur Mainline

See also
Northern river reversal, another ambitious Soviet project
Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature
Shock construction projects
Ten Great Buildings in 1950s Beijing
GOELRO

References

Soviet phraseology
Economic history of the Soviet Union
1950s in the Soviet Union
Civil Engineering and Development Department. The Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD) is a department of the Hong Kong government that reports to the Development Bureau. Its major services include provision of land and infrastructure, port and marine services, geotechnical services and environment and sustainability services.

Organisation
The department has a headquarters, 2 functional offices (the Civil Engineering Office and the Geotechnical Engineering Office) and 5 regional development offices (the Sustainable Lantau Office, the East Development Office, the South Development Office, the West Development Office and the North Development Office).

History
The department was formed on 1 July 2004 through a merger of the Civil Engineering Department and the Territory Development Department. The CEDD formerly came under the (former) Environment, Transport and Works Bureau.

Mining Division

In 1951 in the Mining Section was created by the Labour Department, which was then transferred to the Civil Engineering Services Department in 1991 with it eventually renamed as the Mining Division.

See also
 Mining in Hong Kong

References

External links 

 

Hong Kong government departments and agencies
Hong Kong
2004 establishments in Hong Kong
SIGMDSE. The Special Interest Group "Model-Driven Software Engineering" (SIG-MDSE) organizes the MDSE as an academic conference.

This special interest group focus on model driven (or model based) and architecture centred software engineering techniques and tools, e.g. OMG's MDA (Model Driven Architecture). It is a platform for all interested persons to exchange experiences in the context of workshops, conferences etc. The activities are mainly in Germany. Once or twice a year an academic workshop is organized.

Current events
MDSE 2008 was held in Berlin, Germany in 2008   .

Proceedings
The refereed Proceedings of MDSE 2008 was published in the Logos Proceedings series.

History

MDSE (2007)

Dates: 15 June 2007
Location: (Stuttgart, Germany)
Organizers: Florian Fieber (qme Software), Wolfgang Neuhaus (Itemis), Roland Petrasch (TFH Berlin)
Proceedings:  
Web site:

MDSE (2006)

Dates: 1 December 2006
Location: (Hamburg, Germany)
Organizers: Florian Fieber (qme Software), Wolfgang Neuhaus (Itemis), Roland Petrasch (TFH Berlin) 
Proceedings:  
Web site:   Software architecture
George Berkley (engineer). Sir George Berkley  (26 April 1821 – 20 December 1893) was an English civil engineer from London.  He designed the Colesberg Bridge, a 390 m Warren truss bridge built in 1885 over the Orange River in Colesberg, South Africa.

Berkley was a consulting engineer for the Indian Midland Railway and, with Sir Charles Fox, built the 19–mile long Indian Tramway, a light railway running from Arconum to Conjeverum.  He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from May 1891 to May 1892.

Berkley was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in Queen Victoria's 1893 Birthday Honours.  His daughter, Rose, married Sir John St. George, 5th Baronet in 1894.  He died on 20 December 1893.

He was a younger brother of James John Berkley (1819–1862), chief engineer of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.

References

Bibliography 

        
        
        
        
        
        

1821 births
1893 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Engineers from London
British railway civil engineers
People from Holloway, London
Lawrence E. Glendenin. Lawrence Elgin Glendenin (November 8, 1918November 22, 2008) was an American chemist who co-discovered the element promethium.

Biography
Glendenin was born in Bay City, Michigan on November 8, 1918. He attended the University of Chicago, graduating in 1941.

Clinton Laboratories

He worked as a chemist for the Clinton Laboratories (now Oak Ridge National Laboratory) during the World War II Manhattan Project, engaged in separating, identifying and characterizing the radioactive elements produced by nuclear fission. In 1945, he, together with Jacob A. Marinsky and Charles D. Coryell, isolated the previously undocumented rare-earth element 61 (promethium). Marinsky and Glendenin produced it both by extraction from fission products and by bombarding neodymium with neutrons. They isolated it using ion-exchange chromatography. Publication of the finding was delayed until later due to the war. In September 1947, Marinsky and Glendenin announced the discovery at a meeting of the American Chemical Society. Upon the suggestion of Coryell's wife, the team named the new element for the titan god Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods and was punished for the act by Zeus. They had also considered naming it "clintonium" for the facility where it was isolated.

Szilárd petition
In 1945, Glendenin and 154 other Manhattan Project scientists signed the Szilárd petition. The petition urged President Harry S. Truman not to use the first atomic bomb "without restriction", urging him instead to "describe and demonstrate" its power and give Japan "the opportunity to consider the consequences of further refusal to surrender".

Late career
In 1949, Glendenin earned his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. That same year he joined Argonne National Laboratory, where he worked until his retirement in 1985.

He published extensively on the properties of fission products. He served as Scientific Secretary for the U.S. delegation to the Atoms for Peace Conference and received the American Chemical Society's Glenn T. Seaborg Award for Nuclear Chemistry in 1974.

Family and death
Glendenin was married for 63 years to Ethel Glendenin (née Long), who survived him at his death in November 2008. The couple were the parents of two daughters and one son.

References

20th-century American chemists
Manhattan Project people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
2008 deaths
1918 births
Argonne National Laboratory people
Discoverers of chemical elements
University of Chicago alumni
Rare earth scientists
List of Louis Blériot medal winners. The Louis Blériot medal is an aviation honor awarded by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), the international aviation record adjudicating body. The medal may be awarded up to three times every year to record setters in speed, altitude and distance categories in light aircraft. The award was established by 1936 in honor of Louis Blériot.

Award recipients
2008   Stéphane Deregnaucour
2007	not awarded
2006	not awarded
2005	Dick Rutan, distance, XCOR EZ-Rocket
2004	Robert L. Gibson, speed over a closed course in a Cassutt IIM
2003	Bruce Bohannon
2003	Bruce Bohannon
2002	Bruce Bohannon
2001	Bruce Bohannon
2001	Richard C. Keyt
2000	Hans Georg Schmid
1999	Peter Scheichenberger
1998	Jon M. Sharp, Sharp Nemesis
1997	not awarded
1996	James A. Price
1996	Jon M. Sharp, Sharp Nemesis
1995	not awarded
1994	Dan E. Parisieu
1993	Jon M. Sharp, Sharp Nemesis
1992	Michael S. Arnold
1992	David W. Timms
1991	Peter Scheichenberger
1991	Robert L. Gibson, altitude in horizontal flight
1991	Peter Urach
1990	not awarded
1989	Eric Scott Winton
1989	Richard J. Gritter
1989	Kirk D. Hanna
1988	Wilhelm Lischak
1988	Yves Duval
1987	Norman E. Howell
1986	Wilhelm Lischak
1985	John E. Saum
1984	F. Gary Hertzler
1984	Richard Flohr
1983	Phillip C. Fogg
1982	A.J. Smith
1981	Dick Rutan
1980	Charles Andrews
1979	Gerald G. Mercer
1978	not awarded
1977	Oleg A. Boulyguine
1976	W.M. Pomeroy
1976	Rodney T. Nixon
1975	Edgar J. Lesher
1974	not awarded
1973	Edgar J. Lesher
1972	Roy Windover
1971	not awarded
1970	Edgar J. Lesher
1969	Hal Fishman
1969	Barry Schiff
1968	Donald C. Sinclair
1967	Edgar J. Lesher
1966	William C. Brodbeck
1966	Raymond Davy
1965	Geraldine "Jerrie" Mock
1964	Adriano Mantelli
1963	Raymond Davy
1962	Adriano Mantelli
1961	not awarded
1960	Raymond Davy
1959	not awarded
1958	not awarded
1957	Kaarl Henrik & Juhani Heinonen
1956	Richard V. Ohm
1956	L. Stastny
1956	F. Novak
1955	Peder Ib Riborg Andersen
1954	Iginio Guagnellini
1953	William D. Thompson
1953	Iginio Guagnellini
1952	Max Conrad
1951	Caro Bayley
1951	A. Rebillon
1950	John F. Mann
1950	R.R. Paine
1949	René Leduc
1949	William P. Odom
1949	Anna Bodriaguina
1948	not awarded
1947	not awarded
1946	not awarded
1945	not awarded
1944	not awarded
1943	not awarded
1942	not awarded
1940	not awarded
1939	not awarded
1938	André Japy
1938	Helmut Kalkstein
1938	Steve Wittman
1937	not awarded
1936	Stanisław Skarżyński
1936	Maurice Arnoux
1936	Furio Niclot Doglio
1936	Mrs. Becker (France)

References

External links
FAI Louis Blériot medal website

Aviation awards
Aviation records
Sony Depthsensing Solutions. Sony Depthsensing Solutions SA/NV, formerly known as SoftKinetic Systems, is a Belgian company originating from the merger of Optrima NV, founded by André Miodezky, Maarten Kuijk, Daniël Van Nieuwenhove, Ward Van der Tempel, Riemer Grootjans and Tomas Van den Hauwe and SoftKinetic SA founded by Eric Krzeslo, Thibaud Remacle, Gilles Pinault and Xavier Baele. Sony Depthsensing Solutions develops gesture recognition hardware and software for real-time range imaging (3D) cameras (such as time-of-flight cameras). SoftKinetic was founded in July 2007 providing gesture recognition solutions based on its technology to the interactive digital entertainment, consumer electronics, health & fitness, and serious game industries. SoftKinetic technology has been applied to interactive digital signage and advergaming, interactive television, and physical therapy.

Originally centered on providing software development kits and middleware, SoftKinetic branched out into internal game and application development with the establishment of SoftKinetic Studios in September 2009. SoftKinetic then progressed into hardware, partnering with time-of-flight camera developer Optrima in September 2010, with the two companies merging into a reformed SoftKinetic Systems by March 2011.

SoftKinetic's gesture recognition software platform, named iisu, can recognize and distinguish or isolate different scenic elements, can identify and track the body parts of a user, and can adapt the user's shape, posture, and movements to an existing physical model, and vice versa. iisu is compatible with all major real-time range imaging cameras, and the middleware guards developers against the particularities of the hardware.

SoftKinetic's hardware, named DepthSense (formerly OptriCam), is a line of 3D time-of-flight imagers based on patented CMOS sensor and time-of-flight (TOF) technologies. Based on Current Assisted Photonic Demodulation (CAPD), the company's patented CMOS pixel technology, DepthSense hardware products range from sensors to consumer and professional 3D cameras.

SoftKinetic Studios has collaborated on numerous gesture recognition-based projects for various platforms such as PC, consoles, set-top boxes, arcade, and interactive digital signage; with companies such as Orange Vallée and Fuel Industries.

On October 8, 2015, Sony Corporation announced the acquisition of the company.

In December 2017, Softkinetic was renamed to Sony Depthsensing Solutions.

References

Further reading
 Time-of-flight Optical Ranging Sensor Based on a Current Assisted Photonic Demodulator - D. Van Nieuwenhove, W. Van der Tempel, R. Grootjans and M. Kuijk  http://leosbenelux.org/symp06/s06p209.pdf

Middleware
Computer hardware companies
Video game development companies
Gesture recognition
2015 mergers and acquisitions
Fermi contact interaction. The Fermi contact interaction is the magnetic interaction between an electron and an atomic nucleus. Its major manifestation is in electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, where it is responsible for the appearance of isotropic hyperfine coupling.

This requires that the electron occupy an s-orbital.  The interaction is described with the parameter A, which takes the units megahertz. The magnitude of A is given by this relationships

and

where A is the energy of the interaction, μn is the nuclear magnetic moment, μe is the electron magnetic dipole moment, Ψ(0) is the value of the electron wavefunction at the nucleus, and  denotes the quantum mechanical spin coupling.

It has been pointed out that it is an ill-defined problem because the standard formulation assumes that the nucleus has a magnetic dipolar moment, which is not always the case.

Use in magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Roughly, the magnitude of A indicates the extent to which the unpaired spin resides on the nucleus. Thus, knowledge of the A values allows one to map the singly occupied molecular orbital.

History
The interaction was first derived by Enrico Fermi in 1930. A classical derivation of this term is contained in "Classical Electrodynamics" by J. D. Jackson. In short, the classical energy may be written in terms of the energy of one magnetic dipole moment in the magnetic field B(r) of another dipole. This field acquires a simple expression when the distance r between the two dipoles goes to zero, since

References

Magnetostatics
Magnetism
Electric and magnetic fields in matter
ISO/IEC 24727. ISO/IEC 24727 (Identification cards – Integrated circuit card programming interfaces) is the first international standard to address the need for creation of a layered framework to support interoperability of smart cards providing identification, authentication, and (digital) signature services.

The standard is split into six parts:
 ISO/IEC 24727-1:2014 Part 1: Architecture
 ISO/IEC 24727-2:2008 Part 2: Generic card interface
 ISO/IEC 24727-3:2008 Part 3: Application interface
 ISO/IEC 24727-4:2008 Part 4: Application programming interface (API) administration
 ISO/IEC 24727-5:2011 Part 5: Testing procedures
 ISO/IEC 24727-6:2010 Part 6: Registration authority procedures for the authentication protocols for interoperability

References

External links
ISO/IEC 24727-1:2014 Identification cards -- Integrated circuit card programming interfaces -- Part 1: Architecture

24727
Breguet Type I. The Breguet Type I was an experimental aircraft built in France in 1909. It was Louis Bréguet's first fixed-wing aircraft design. Breguet had previously had some success with  two helicopter designs, one of which had been exhibited at the Paris Aero Salon in December 1908. Because of these machines, the Type I was at first known as the Breguet Type III.

Design

The Breguet Type 1 differed from most biplane designs of the time by being of tractor configuration and not having a forward elevator, as used by the Wright Brothers and Gabriel Voisin, and in using a steel structure when wood was the material of choice for most builders at the time.  The engine was mounted at the front of the aircraft in a square section nacelle projecting forwards from the lower wing, driving a three-bladed propeller.  The upper wing was built in three separate sections, with the entire outer sections pivoting about the main spar for control purposes, while the lower wings, which had a smaller wingspan,  were divided into two pivoting planes, with a large gap between them in place of a centre section. The wings were connected by four steel tube interplane struts, each enclosed in a streamlined fairing.
The tail surfaces were mounted on  four cross-braced steel booms and consisted of a large-span upper elevator and a smaller lower surface, with a pair of rudders filling the gap between them. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of forward-projecting skids with a small wheel mounted between them, supplemented by outrigger wheels on each wingtip. Power was provided by a  Renault V-8 engine.    

The machine was displayed without an engine at the Olympia Aero Show in London in March 1909 and first took to the air on 28 June at La Brayelle Airfield. Bréguet flew this aircraft, given the exhibition number 19, at the Grande Semaine d'Aviation in August, but crashed when the machine was caught in a gust of wind . Bréguet himself was unharmed.

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 

1900s French experimental aircraft
  I
Aircraft first flown in 1909