omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FOR TRANSIT. FOR TRANSIT (also incorrectly FORTRANSIT) is a subset of the FORTRAN programming language for the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine, developed by a group led by Bob Bemer. FORTRAN, the first high-level programming language, was developed for the IBM 704 in 1957, at the same time IBM wanted to provide something similar for customers of the older, less powerful, but popular 650—eventually over 2000 650s were sold.

FOR TRANSIT was upward compatible with 704 FORTRAN with some restrictions. For example variable names could only be five characters rather than six, and arrays could have a maximum of two dimensions instead of three.

FOR TRANSIT was a multi-pass compiler. The first pass translated the source to an intermediate language, IT (Internal Translator), written by Alan Perlis and others at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1957. The second pass compiled the IT into SOAP assembler code, and finally the SOAP code was assembled into the machine language object program.

FOR TRANSIT was never ported beyond the 650, as newer machines had the resources to run a full FORTRAN compiler.

The name FOR TRANSIT might have one or more of three meanings:
 FORTRAN-S(oap)-IT, describing the translation process
 FOR TRANSIT(ion), indicating that it was intended to ease upgrades to the 704
 FORTRAN's IT, in the sense of adding a FORTRAN front-end to the IT compiler

References

External links

Fortran programming language family
IBM software
Computer-related introductions in 1957
IBM mainframe software
Richard Lary. Richard F. "Richie" Lary (born 1948, Brooklyn, New York) is the RL of the PDP-8 RL Monitor System, which subsequently became MS/8. Years later, while working for Digital Equipment Corporation, he was also involved with other DEC hardware and software, including "principal architect for OS/8" and "working on the VAX architecture."

Biography
He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1965, along with ; they both were on the school's Math Team and "later wound up working on the VAX architecture." They were $2/hour summertime Fortran programmers in 1965, using an IBM 1130.

Lary left DEC in 2000, forming a company he and his wife Ellen Lary, also a former DEC employee, named TuteLary.

References

1948 births
Living people

Computer hardware engineers
American computer programmers
Digital Equipment Corporation people
20th-century American businesspeople
American company founders
Engineers from Brooklyn
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Richard Chbeir. Richard Chbeir is a professor of computer science at the University of Pau and the Adour Region in France, where he leads the computer science laboratory called LIUPPA. He is the director of the Semantics & Privacy in Digital Ecosystems Research group (SPiDER). He is currently working on information and knowledge extraction.

Chbeir is the head of the OpenCEMS industrial chair and is the creator of the MEDES Conference.

Chbeir received his Ph.D. in computer science from the Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon in 2001 and got his habilitation degree in 2010 from the University of Burgundy.

Selected publications
Joe Tekli, Richard Chbeir, Agma J. M. Traina, Caetano Traina Jr.:SemIndex+: A semantic indexing scheme for structured, unstructured, and partly structured data. Knowl. Based Syst. 164: 378-403(2019)
Irvin Dongo, Richard Chbeir: RiAiR: A Framework for Sensitive RDF Protection. J. Web Eng. 18(1-3): 43-96 (2019)
Fekade Getahun, Richard Chbeir: Multi-Query Optimization on RSS Feeds. J. Data Semant. 7(1): 47-64 (2018)
Elie Raad, Richard Chbeir, Albert Dipanda, Eliana J. Raad: Automatic rule generation using crowdsourcing for better relationship type discovery. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 36: 80-97 (2017)
Elie Raad, Bechara al Bouna, Richard Chbeir: Preventing sensitive relationships disclosure for better social media preservation. Int. J. Inf. Sec. 15(2): 173-194 (2016)

Published books
 Emergent Web Intelligence: Advanced Information Retrieval by Springer in 2010
 Emergent Web Intelligence: Advanced Semantic Technologies by Springer in 2010
 Security and Privacy Preserving in Social Networks by Springer in 2013
 Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations by Springer in 2015
 Advanced Internet Based Systems and Applications by Springer in 2009
 Signal Processing for Image Enhancement and Multimedia Processing Springer in 2008

References

External links 
 
 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
French computer scientists
Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon alumni
University of Burgundy alumni
Academic staff of the University of Pau and the Adour Region
Franz Xaver Wortmann. Franz Xaver Wortmann (September 24, 1921 - January 16, 1985) was a German aerodynamicist.

Early life 
After World War II, Wortmann spent time as a pilot and observer with the German Air Force. He then studied physics in Münster and Stuttgart. After graduating in the field of fluid theory he completed his doctorate as an engineer in 1955. His habilitation followed in 1963.

Together with Richard Eppler and Dieter Althaus, Wortmann carried out ground-breaking work in the late 1950s and the 1960s in the field of development of laminar flow airfoil profiles using the inverse design method. His wing profile designs are known by the FX (for Franz Xaver) in their code. These wing profiles were used in many of the first and second generation of fibre-reinforced plastic gliders. By the early 1970s, many successful designs of glider had a wing based on a Wortmann profile.

In 1974 Wortmann took over the leadership of the Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics at the University of Stuttgart. He mainly investigated questions of turbulence.

References

External links
 Literature by and about Franz Xaver Wortmann in the German National Library catalogue.

1921 births
1985 deaths
Aerodynamicists
German aerospace engineers
Academic staff of the University of Stuttgart
Luftwaffe pilots
Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal. Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Bhusawal of the Central Railway in Maharashtra, India. It is one of the three electric locomotive sheds of the Central Railway, the others being at Kalyan (KYN) and Ajni. As of 1 August 2020 there are 203 locomotives in the shed.

History 
Steam locomotive sheds used to exist at Bhusawal until the late 1960s. Bhusawal used to be the largest steam shed (after World War II). After Central Railway set a deadline to eliminate all steam locomotive operations by 1990, a push was given towards establishing electric locomotion as the primary motive power, and the Steam locomotive sheds was decommissioned. To meet the needs of exponentially increasing rail traffic on the new continuous broad-gauge lines from Delhi to rest of India with the completion of gauge conversion, the Bhusawal was selected by Indian railways for a new electric locomotive shed.

The shed was originally built to handle locos for the freight traffic on the busy New Delhi – Bombay route. It started receiving WAG-2 from Asansol and WAP-1 locos.In Nov 2007 the WAP-1 locos were eventually transferred to Ghaziabad. It later got a large fleet of WAG-5 locos,  Jhansi's entire fleet of WAP-4's locos in 2005 and WAG-7 in 2006. The shed also held a few WAM-4 units. All the WAM-4s of this shed have been retired/withdrawn from service. The WAG-7 units were later moved to other shed.

Operations 
Being one of the three electric loco sheds in the Central Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 175 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 203 engine units. It also housed a WAM-4 locomotives temporarily. Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal is now housing the largest fleet of WAP-1 in Indian Railways and it caters to many long-distance electric trains.

Like all locomotive sheds, BSL does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives. It not only attends to locomotives housed at BSL but to ones coming in from other sheds as well. It has four pit lines for loco repair. Locomotives of Bhusawal ELS  were the regular links for all trains running through Delhi when widespread electrification of railway lines started in Central Railways. It handled prestigious trains. BSL locomotives used to be predominantly the regular links for trains traveling to east as well.

Livery and markings 
WAP-4 and WAG-9 class have a standardized livery all over India.

Locomotives

References

External links 

 Website
 Particulars
 maps of Indian Railway Loco Sheds
 showing the Bhusawal Electric Loco Shed

Bhusawal
Rail transport in Maharashtra
Buildings and structures in Maharashtra
1974 establishments in Maharashtra
Wiley Post Model A. The Wiley Post Model A is a U.S. two seat sports biplane, built in small numbers in the 1930s.

Design and development

The 1934 Model A biplane is a development of the Straughn A, designed by Ross Holmes and Glenn Stearman in 1931 and originally built as a parasol wing monoplane but converted to a biplane before Straughn Aircraft were subsumed by Wiley Post Aircraft. Three were built.

Little changed from its predecessor, the Wiley Post Model A is an unequal span, single bay biplane with significant stagger. Its two-spar wings are rectangular in plan apart from blunted tips and are built from spruce and mahogany plywood with aircraft fabric covering. The lower wings are shorter in chord as well as span, so the outward-leaning, N-form interplane struts are non-parallel. Outward-leaning struts from the fuselage support the upper wing, which has a narrow trailing edge cut-out to improve the pilot's upward field of view. Ailerons are mounted only on the upper wings.

The fuselage has a Cr/Mo steel tube structure and is fabric-covered. Its engine is a Straughn 1000, an adaptation of the  unit used in the Ford A car with its radiator under the upper wing centre-section. The open cockpit under the upper wing trailing edge cut-out seats two side by side with dual controls.  Its wire-braced, rounded tail is conventional, built with the same structure as the fuselage. Control surfaces are not aerodynamically balanced.

The Model A has conventional, fixed landing gear with mainwheels on split axles hinged the fuselage centre-line. Vertical landing legs, with rubber cord shock absorbers, and their drag struts are mounted on the lower fuselage longerons.  There is a leaf-spring tailskid mounted just ahead of the rudder post.

Operational history

Production numbers are uncertain but are thought to be about 13. A few airframes survived into the 1970s, with one in restoration.

Aircraft on display
 Model A NC13961 (c/n 12), Science Museum Oklahoma, Oklahoma City

Specifications

References

Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1930s United States sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Bernard Henry (scientist). Bernard Martin Henry (16 January 1965 – 4 February 2007) was a British materials scientist who served as Associate Director of Research in Nanocomposites at the University of Oxford Department of Materials.

Early life and education 
Bernard was born in Acton, London. As a child Bernard took part in track and field. On graduating high school he was offered a contract by Chelsea F.C., but as they could not guarantee him a position in the team, his mother insisted he attended university. Eventually Bernard studied materials science at Imperial College London. He remained at Imperial College London for his doctoral studies, where he investigated the microstructure of gold.

Research and career 
After earning his doctorate Bernard joined the University of Oxford as a postdoctoral researcher, where he studied barrier coatings on flexible substrates. He was eventually promoted to Associate Director of Research in Nanocomposites, where he was responsible for directing the scientific strategy as well as establishing relationships with industry. In 2000 Henry started working on transparent conductors for polymer solar cells. In recognition of his services to materials science, the Society of Vacuum Coaters offer the AIMCAL-SVC academic scholarship.

Personal life 
Alongside his academic research, Bernard was a sportsman. Amongst his sporting exploits, he was an elite runner and a member of the Thames Valley Harriers. He served as a coach to both the cricket and athletics blues, Oxford's elite sporting team. He also served as the mentor to the Wolfson College Boat Club. Bernard was committed to improving access to sports, and, inspired by a trip to the United States, arranged the annual Oxfordshire Street Olympix in Didcot. In honour of the Bernard, the Wolfson College Boat Club has two skulls Dr. Bernard Henry.

Select publications

References 

Academics of the University of Oxford
British materials scientists
1965 births
2007 deaths
Alumni of Imperial College London
Richard Ten Eyck. Richard Ten Eyck (1920January 1, 2009) was an American industrial designer noted for his airplane designs for Cessna, Beechcraft, and Bell Helicopter (now Bell Textron). He is perhaps best known for his design of electric fans for Vornado Air during the 1940s and 50s.

Ten Eyck was born in Marseilles, Illinois, in 1920 and from 1938 to 1939 he studied industrial design at the University of Illinois. He later worked on product designs for aircraft, farm machinery, and consumer items, including Westinghouse air conditioners 
and products for the department store Montgomery Ward. He started his own firm, RTA in Wichita, KS in 1948.

Ten Eyck recounted that in addition to redesigning items to make them more functional, ergonomic, and visually appealing, one of his design goals was to eliminate “mischievous annoyances, the discomforts, the awkward aspects of a product.”  

His fan designs for Vornado in the 1940s and 50s were inspired by the turbines in jet engines and became icons of Mid-century modern design. The company stopped manufacturing fans in 1959 but was revived thirty years later. The owner of the new company collected vintage Vornado fans  and hired Ten Eyck to consult on new designs. Ten Eyck died on January 1, 2009, in Orlando, Florida.

Works by Ten Eyck and archival material from his practice are held in the collection of  Art Institute of Chicago.

Fans based on Ten Eyck's designs are sold at Target, Lowe's and Bed Bath & Beyond.

References

American industrial designers
Aircraft designers
People from Marseilles, Illinois
1920 births
2009 deaths
Atlantic Coast Line R-1 class. The Atlantic Coast Line R-1 was a class of 12 4-8-4 Northern type steam locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) in 1938 and operated by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad until the early 1950s. They were immediately assigned to passenger service but eventually saw service pulling freight.

History
During the mid-1930s, the Atlantic Coast Line (ACL) Railroad's P-5-A class 4-6-2 Pacifics could not handle more than 12 passenger cars and would require double-heading due to an increase in passenger business. In 1938, ACL ordered twelve R-1 4-8-4 Northerns from Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) to handle the heavier passenger trains, eliminating the need for double-heading and ran extra sections of many of the Richmond, Virginia to Jacksonville, Florida passenger trains. While they were more powerful than the P-5-As as well as being faster, running as fast as 90 mph and probably 100 mph without much trouble reaching such speeds. However, the R-1s had poor counterbalancing and were returned to Baldwin to solve the problem. When delivered, they had a bad dynamic augment. Even after the rebuild with new disk driving wheels, they still had unacceptable amounts of dynamic augment at high speeds, as their counterbalancing weights were too high, which led to the locomotive's drivers pounding at high speeds and was said that the main drivers actually left the rails and repeatedly slammed back down, kinking rails and damaging track alignment for miles. 

Despite their flaws, they were capable pullers. No. 1800 accelerated a 20-car, 1500-ton passenger train from a dead stop to 70 miles per hour in  minutes and 11 miles in a test. The class also ran as many as 18,000 miles a month in passenger service. R-1s Nos. 1800, 1801, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809 ran even more smoothly once they were fitted with lightweight pistons by Timken, piston rods, cross heads, and, probably most important, tapered main rods with roller bearing wrist pins. The class is rated at 6,200 tons on the Richmond to Jacksonville mainline. With dieselization taking effect, the locomotives were put in freight service. Retirement started in 1951 and by 1952, all have been retired.

Tenders
The R-1 class were equipped with very large tenders holding  of water and  of coal. They were mounted on a pair of eight-wheel trucks. The weight of the tender, fully loaded was  In 1953, ten of the R-1 tenders were sold to the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W), where they were paired with their Y4 class 2-8-8-2 compound mallets, until they were all scrapped in 1958.

Disposition
None of the R-1s have been preserved, as all were scrapped by 1952 and the remaining ten tenders lasted on the N&W until 1958.

Roster

References

Bibliography

Further reading

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad
4-8-4 locomotives
Baldwin locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1938
Steam locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Scrapped locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Praga E-51. The Praga E-51 is a Czechoslovakian reconnaissance aircraft and light bomber built by Praga in the 1930s. Development was halted by the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, after only one prototype had been built. The appearance of the construction is very reminiscent of the contemporary twin engined fighter, the Fokker G.I from Holland.

Design and development
The unconventional twin-boom airplane project under Jaroslav Šlechta began in 1936 as a response to a Ministry of National Defence specification which called for the design and construction of a new reconnaissance aircraft to operate over combat zones. The short-range reconnaissance three-seater was to be capable of monitoring activity behind enemy lines; the requirement highlighted the importance of good view from the cockpit as well as of placement of the on-board cameras, which were to be able to collect as many shots as possible at as wide an angle as possible in one flyover. The new aircraft was to replace the aging Letov Š-328 and Aero A.100. There were three entries to the tender: the Letov Š-50, the ČKD-Praga E-51 and the Aero A.304.

The E-51 was designed as a twin-boom twin-engine mid-wing aircraft with a central nacelle housing the cockpit and armament; the booms were elongations of the engine nacelles and each carried a rudder, with the elevator placed between them. The E-51 was Šlechta's first design based on such a configuration. Because the reconnaissance airplane had to be able to escape enemy fighters, a high top speed was a number one priority, meaning a suitable engine had to be found. Šlechta considered three options: the inline Praga FR with an output of 456 kW/355 hp, the inverted V-12 Walter Sagitta with an output of 367-412 kW/500-600 hp, and the radial 9-cylinder Avia Rk.17 at 261 kW/355 hp. As Praga's FR had not been finished yet and the Rk.17 was not powerful enough, Šlechta opted for the Sagitta. It was the first and only implementation of the Czechoslovak engine by Walter Aircraft Engines in a Czechoslovak airplane.

The aircraft was made using Czechoslovakia-supplied material and fitted with Czechoslovak (with a few exceptions) armaments. The simple wood and welded steel-tubes frame made both assembly and maintenance easy, and operation as well. The durability of the skin allowed for outdoor storage while on duty. The design is said to precede that of the Fokker G.I, a more well-known example of the same design configuration, as the latter has, unlike the E-51, actually entered service.

The E-51 was the last design by Praga before World War II began.

Gallery

Specifications (E-51)

References

Further reading

External links

 Praga E-51 na vhu.cz
 Praga E-51 (ČSR) na panzernet.net
 Praga E-51: moderní československý průzkumník na iDNES/blog

E-51
1930s Czechoslovak military reconnaissance aircraft
Mashū-class replenishment ship. The Mashū-class is a series of replenishment oilers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). They were built from 2002-04. The ships have the hull designator AOE.

The Mashū-class was designed as an enlarged, improved version of the Towada-class fast combat support ships. The vessels are capable of mounting two Phalanx CIWS by design. They have been in commission from 2004 onwards.

List of ships

Gallery

References

External links

Auxiliary replenishment ship classes
Auxiliary ships of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Ships built by Hitachi Zosen Corporation
Carlotta Guiducci. Carlotta Guiducci (born 1977) is an Italian bio-engineer. Her research is invested in bio-molecular analysis based on lab-on-a-chip devices. She is an Associate Professor at EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) and head of the Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics located at EPFL's Lausanne campus.

Career 
Guiducci studied electrical and electronics engineering at University of Bologna and received her Master's degree in 2001. In 2005, she gained a PhD degree in electrical engineering from Department of Electronics, Computer Sciences and Systems (DEIS) at University of Bologna for her work on electronic biosensors and the development of molecular sensors. She  joined the Nanobiophysics Laboratory at ParisTech as postdoctoral research fellow in 2005. In 2007, she returned to University of Bologna as research fellow.

In 2009, she became a faculty member of the Institute of Bioengineering at the School of Life Sciences at EPFL first as an Assistant Professor, and in 2018, she was promoted as Associate Professor. She is the SwissUp Foundation chair, and the founder and head of Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics.

Research 
Guiducci's research centers on biomolecular analysis based on micro-fluidic systems, and on novel personalized medicine approaches. She is specialized in the integration and interfacing of analytic lab-on-a-chip devices that incorporate full-fledged laboratory equipment on a miniature scale.  She is developing miniaturized portable devices for DNA-based analytics, high-throughput cytometry and single-cell analysis.

Selected works

References

External links 
 
 Publications listed on Publons
 Website of the Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics

1977 births
Living people
University of Bologna alumni
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Italian women scientists
Italian engineers
Italian women engineers
Jiujiang–Quzhou railway. The Jiujiang–Quzhou railway is an electrified railway in China. The line is  long and has a design speed of .

History
The railway opened on 28 December 2017.

Stations
The line has the following passenger stations:
Quzhou (interchange with the Quzhou–Ningde railway, Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, and the Shanghai–Kunming railway)
Changshan
Kaihua
Dexing East
Wuyuan (interchange with the Hefei–Fuzhou high-speed railway)
Jingdezhen North (interchange with the Nanchang–Huangshan high-speed railway)
Poyang
Duchang
Hukou (interchange with the Tongling–Jiujiang railway)
Pipahu
Jiujiang (interchange with the Tongling–Jiujiang railway, Wuhan–Jiujiang railway, Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway, Hefei–Jiujiang railway, and the Beijing–Kowloon railway)

References

Railway lines in China
Railway lines opened in 2017