omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Klavdiya Kildisheva. Klavdiya Sergeyevna Kildisheva (; 6 March 1917  2 May 1994) was a Soviet and Russian test and aerospace engineer. She was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour medal in 1981, the highest degree of distinction in the USSR for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture.

Biography
Kildisheva was born in Vyazma to a railroad worker. She finished school in 1934 and went on to study at the Moscow University in the Mechanical - Mathematical Faculty. Kildisheva graduated in 1940 and went on to work in Moscow in the experimental design office Andrei Tupolev completing strength calculations for aircraft. She moved to the A.S. Yakovlev Experimental Design Bureau in 1941, which had been formed in 1934 under designer Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev.

She joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and from 1943 to 1946 she was the chair of the trade union committee for the war. Afterwards, in 1946, Kildisheva took up a position as deputy-chief of the laboratory for aircraft static tests. In 1949 she became deputy head and then in 1953 head of the research department of the Yakovlev OKB-115. In 1966 she was promoted to deputy head designer for research work. She worked on the ground tests for the Second World War and early Cold War era Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter aircraft to the three-engined mid-range Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger jet developed in the mid-1970s. Kildisheva retired in 1982 as a pensioner of national importance. She died in Moscow, and was buried at the Kotlyakovsky Cemetery.

Awards
 Hero of Socialist Labour (1981)
 Two Orders of Lenin (1966, 1981)
 Lenin Prize (1972)
 USSR State Prize (1977)
 Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1957)
 Order of the Badge of Honour (1945)

References

1917 births
1994 deaths
20th-century Russian engineers
People from Vyazma
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Russian aerospace engineers
Russian women engineers
Soviet aerospace engineers
Soviet women engineers
Davita Watkins. Davita L. Watkins is an associate professor of chemistry at The Ohio State University, where her research interest is in developing supramolecular synthesis methods to make new organic semiconducting materials for applications in optoelectronic devices, as well as studying their structural, optical, and electronic properties. Her group also investigates the design of dendrimer molecules for biomedical applications.

Education 
Watkins obtained a bachelor's degree in chemistry and anthropology from Vanderbilt University in 2006 and her Ph.D. from the University of Memphis in 2012. Her doctoral research under the supervision of Tomoko Fujiwara was focused on establishing new synthetic routes for a series of oligomers and studying their photochromic and solvatochromic properties.

Research and career 
Watkins began her postdoctoral research at the University of Florida in 2012, developing new organic materials for applications in photovoltaics. In particular, she worked on oligomers that could be synthesised via self-assembly techniques and studying their optoelectronic and redox properties.

She joined University of Mississippi in 2014 as an assistant professor, the first female tenure track professor in the department of chemistry and biochemistry. As of 2022, she is an associate professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in the department of chemical and biomolecular engineering at The Ohio State University. Her research in supramolecular chemistry specialises in designing new synthetic routes for making oligomer semiconductors for applications in optoelectronic devices by studying the relationships between their structural, optical and electronic properties. Her group is also interested in the synthesis of new dendrimer molecules for applications in drug delivery, theranostics, and biomedicine. The American Chemical Society highlighted her work with profiles and interviews.

Awards and honours 

 American Chemical Society Rising Star Award, 2020
 American Chemical Society Young Investigator Award, 2018
 NOBCChE Lloyd N Ferguson Young Scientist Award for Excellence in Research, 2018 
 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Emerging Investigator, 2018
 University of Mississippi Mike L. Edmons New Scholar Award 2018
 National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 2017
 Oak Ridge Associated Universities Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award, 2015

References

External links 

Living people
21st-century American chemists
American women chemists
Vanderbilt University alumni
University of Mississippi faculty
University of Memphis alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women academics
21st-century American women
California Odha Zertuche Díaz. California Odha Zertuche Díaz (1923–1991) was a Mexican civil engineer and is credited as the primary developer of the drinking water and sewerage system in Ensenada, Mexico.

Early life and education 
Zertuche Díaz was born in 1923 in the port city of Ensenada, in the Mexican state of Baja California on the Pacific coast, about 110km (65 miles) south of the country's border with the United States.

She is cited as the first woman to graduate from the UNAM School of Engineering, in 1954, with a thesis titled Project of sewerage of the Ensenada population. Díaz was the 12th woman to earn a civil engineering degree in the country and "probably the first engineer in Ensenada." She was a founding teacher at the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), created in 1957, and its School of Marine Sciences, founded in 1960.

Career 
Zertuche Díaz worked in the Secretariat of Hydraulic Resources where she became the main developer for the installation of Ensenada's water infrastructure. The city's historical water management challenge was complex because there are no rivers in the municipality. Its main supply comes from groundwater from the Maneadero Valley and when it rains very hard the contours of the land cause some streams to form. The municipality has four bodies of water, which contribute to the drinking water: the Hidden Lagoon, the Emilio López Zamora Dam fed by the Valle Verde stream, the Hanson lagoon, located within the Constitution Park of 1857 and La Lagunita, north of the Ciprés military air base.

In later years, Zertuche Díaz donated property and land for the Sports City and different university schools, in conjunction with Marcos Mario Díaz Zertuche and Lorenzo Cárdenas Zertuche. She also founded the Association of Women Professionals of Baja California as well as the Red Cross in Ensenada.

California Odha Zertuche Díaz died in 1991 in Ensenada.

Honors 
On International Women's Day in 2014, Zertuche Díaz received the award "Forjadora de Baja California" ("Forger of Baja California") because her work “allowed the development of the drinking water and sewerage network in the city” of Ensenada. At the same ceremony, Antonia Brenner from Tijuana, María Concepción López Vargas from Tecate, María Luisa Chabert Uriarte from Playas de Rosarito and Gloria Rosado Cásares from Mexicali all received the same tribute for their work in their respective region. For each woman, a portrait and a small biography are displayed on a wall of the la Sala de Mujeres Forjadoras room in the Legislative Power building of the State Congress.

References 

1923 births
1991 deaths
People from Baja California
People from Ensenada, Baja California
Mexican civil engineers
Mexican civil servants
20th-century Mexican educators
Mexican women educators
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
20th-century women civil servants
Mexican women engineers
20th-century women engineers
Advanced Matrix Extensions. Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX), also known as Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel AMX), are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) for microprocessors from Intel originally designed to work on matrices to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) workloads. They can also be applied to optimal routing problems, graph problems, optimisation and others.

Extensions
AMX was introduced by Intel in June 2020 and first supported by Intel with the Sapphire Rapids microarchitecture for Xeon servers, released in January 2023. It introduced 2-dimensional registers called tiles upon which accelerators can perform operations. It is intended as an extensible architecture; the first accelerator implemented is called tile matrix multiply unit (TMUL).

In Intel Architecture Instruction Set Extensions and Future Features revision 46, published in September 2022, a new AMX-FP16 extension was documented. This extension adds support for half-precision floating-point numbers. In revision 48 from March 2023, AMX-COMPLEX was documented, adding support for half-precision floating-point complex numbers. Both extensions are available in the Granite Rapids set of server processors (with AMX-COMPLEX support only being available in Granite Rapids-D).

Tile matrix multiply unit
TMUL unit supports BF16 and INT8 input types. AMX-FP16 and AMX-COMPLEX also add support for real and complex FP16 numbers. The register file consists of 8 tiles, each with 16 rows of size of 64 bytes (32 BF16/FP16 or 64 INT8 elements). The only supported operation is matrix multiplication 

4th Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processor can perform 2048 INT8 or 1024 BF16 operations per cycle: the maximal input sizes are  for  and  for , where  is 64 for INT8 and 32 for BF16. The matrix multiplication requires  multiplication and  additions, thus performing  operations in 16 cycles.

Software support 
 Compiler and assembler support
 LLVM 13
 GCC 11
 GNU Assembler (GAS) initial support committed on 25 June 2020
Operating system support
glibc support for detecting AMX feature in CPUs committed on 25 June 2020
Linux kernel support since version 5.16
VMware vSphere support for AMX in virtual machines released in ESXi version 8.0u1 for VMs using Hardware Version 20

References

External links 
 Intel Intrinsics Guide
 Wikichip: Advanced Matrix Extension (AMX) - x86

X86 instructions
SIMD computing
AMD technologies
Lydia Weld. Lydia "Rose" Gould Weld (1878 – January 5, 1962) was one of the first women to graduate with an engineering degree from any college in the United States and the first in Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Biography
Lydia Weld was born as one of a pair of identical twins in 1878 in Boston. Her sister Julia always identified with a purple ribbon on her wrist and was known as Violet. Lydia wore pink and was called Rose. The Weld's traveled south for the winters; spent summers in Cape Cod and spending time in Virginia on the James River by houseboat. Weld played tennis, baseball and collected stamps.

Weld was educated by governesses before going to finishing school. Weld was accepted at Bryn Mawr College but she needed to complete a class in English before attending. Instead she applied to MIT against her mother’s wishes. A professor suggested that she would quit after discovering the level of manual labour involved. She began at MIT in 1898 where she learned blacksmithing and locomotive design while completing a degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.

Upon graduating in 1903, Weld got a job as a draughtsman in the engineering division of Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. Weld's role was to produce all the plans for machinery to be installed on naval ships. She became a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, one of the first two women allowed to join alongside Kate Gleason. She was an associate member until 1935 when women were permitted to join as full members. Weld worked from 1903 to 1917 at the shipyard, in charge of the tracing department. She was forced to resign due to a chronic bronchial condition.

Weld moved to live with her brother in California in 1918 where she managed 320 acres of his ranch until 1933. As usual, she took a course in the University of California Davis before taking on the role. Until 1917 Weld taught Sunday school for St. Paul’s Episcopal in Newport News, and in California she got involved in the League of Women Voters. She also assisted with the Right to Work Campaign. Weld was always involved in her MIT alumni activities.

After hearing of the attack on Pearl Harbor Weld volunteered and became a ground observer on a 40-foot tower at Cypress Point in California. She was on duty from 4:00 to 8:00 a.m. She also took a course airplane design in University of California at Berkeley. She became the only engineer working as the senior draughtsman for Moore’s Dry Dock Company in Oakland, California. She retired again in 1945. Weld lived in San Francisco and died on January 5, 1962. She is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery near Boston.

References and sources

1878 births
1962 deaths
MIT School of Engineering alumni
American women engineers
American twins
Identical twins
Aposelemis Dam. Aposelemis Dam () is an earthen embankment dam on the Aposelemis River near the villages of Potamies and Avdou,  southeast of Heraklion, Greece. The dam is the largest water management project in Crete. It creates Aposelemis lake, a reservoir that serves as the primary fresh water supply for the cities of Heraklion and Agios Nikolaos plus 6 smaller municipalities and 19 communities along the touristically developed north coast of Crete with a combined population of 300,000 inhabitants.

History

The first thoughts to build a dam for providing water from Aposelemis date back to the 1970s. During the 1980s and 90s several preparatory studies were completed and the definitive construction study was approved in 2000. Despite strong opposition by local communities in the early 2000s, the overwhelming need for water during the summer prevailed. The construction contract was put out to tender on 14/12/2004 and was awarded on 1/4/2005. Dam construction was completed in 2012 and accompanying works in early 2019. Total costs, including compensations for expropriation, exceeded 220 million euros.

The hamlet of Sfendyli () was located inside the dam reservoir and below the filling level, therefore it had to be abandoned. During the dry years that followed the dam completion, Sfendyli sunk and re-emerged several times, becoming a local attraction.

Construction details
The Aposelemis dam is of rock-fill type with an impervious clay core. It is  tall,  long and is built on a phyllitic bedrock.
The spillway is 231 m long with a maximum capacity of 1000 m3/sec. The reservoir has a normal volume of approx.  with a usable capacity of . In addition to the Aposelemis river, the reservoir receives supplemental water diverted from Lasithi Plateau via a steel piping in a  long bored tunnel with an inclination of 15%. Hence, the dam additionally serves flood control purposes. The reservoir has an area of  and a combined drainage area of . The dam overflowed for the first time in February 2019.

A water treatment plant with a daily capacity of  provides drinking water to consumers via a system of water mains that is over  long.

See also
Lasithi Plateau

References

External links
Info about the dam from Space-O
Φράγμα Αποσελέμη from Crete Development Organization

Dams in Greece
Buildings and structures in Heraklion (regional unit)
Landforms of Heraklion (regional unit)
Embankment dams
How Round Is Your Circle?. How Round Is Your Circle? Where Engineering and Mathematics Meet is a book on the mathematics of physical objects, for a popular audience. It was written by chemical engineer John Bryant and mathematics educator Chris Sangwin, and published by the Princeton University Press in 2008.

Topics
The book has 13 chapters, whose topics include:
Lines, the thickness of physically drawn or cut lines, and the problem of testing straightness of physical objects
The construction of physical measuring and calculating devices including rulers, protractors, pantographs, planimeters, integrators, and slide rules
Mechanical linkages, pantographs, four-bar linkages, and the problem of converting rotary to linear motion, solved by the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage and by Hart's inversor
Geometric dissections, straightedge and compass constructions, angle trisection, and mathematical origami
The catenary and the tractrix, curves formed from physical forces, and their use in bridges and bearings
Approximation by rational numbers, discretization and pixelization, gear ratios, and the approximations involved in calendar systems
The roundness of objects, non-circular objects of constant width, including the Reuleaux triangle and certain coins, and their use in drilling square holes
Stability and mechanical equilibrium of objects, overhanging objects and the block-stacking problem, supereggs, and objects with only one stable resting position (unfortunately not including the Gömböc, which was discovered too recently to be included)
The book emphasizes the construction of physical models, and includes many plates of the authors' own models, detailed construction plans, and illustrations.

Audience and reception
Doug Manchester characterizes the topic of the book as "recreational engineering". It only requires a standard background in mathematics including basic geometry, trigonometry, and a small amount of calculus. Owen Smith calls it "a great book for engineers and mathematicians, as well as the interested lay person", writing that it is particularly good at laying bare the mathematical foundations of seemingly-simple problems. Similarly, Ronald Huston recommends it to "mathematicians, engineers, and physicists", as well as interested members of the general public.

Matthew Killeya writes approvingly of the book's intuitive explanations for its calculations and the motivation it adds to the mathematics it applies. 
However, although reviewer Tim Erickson calls the book "exuberant and eclectic", reviewers Andrew Whelan and William Satzer disagree, both finding fault with the book's lack of focus.

References

Applied mathematics
Mathematics books
2008 non-fiction books
Pandia Ralli. Pandia Antonio Ralli (28 June 1888 - 17 April 1930) was a British aircraft designer in the 1920s for the Fairey Aviation Company, he was responsible for the thin-bladed metal airscrews used by the Supermarine S.5 which won the 1927 Schneider Trophy and the Supermarine S.6 which won the trophy outright in 1929.

Early life
Ralli was born on the 28 June 1888 the only son of Antonio Pandi Ralli, educated at the Gymnase Scientifique of Lausanne. With a diploma as an electrical engineer and training in advanced mathematics and physics he joined Fairey Aviation in 1916 and apart from a time between 1918 and 1929 worked for the firm until his death.

In 1927 for his work on metal air screws for the Supermarine Schneider Trophy aircraft he was awarded the Royal Aeronautical Society silver medal.

As the Chief Technical Engineer he was also responsible for the design of the Fairey Long-range Monoplane which achieved a non-stop flight between England and India in little over 48 hours.

He died on 17 April 1930 aged 41 at a Nursing Home in Ealing.

References

1888 births
1930 deaths
English aerospace engineers
Fairey Aviation Company
Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal winners
Udayapur Cement Industry. Udayapur Cement Industries Limited () is a cement industry run by the Government of Nepal. The factory is located at Jaljale in Udayapur District of Nepal. The industry was established on 14 June 1987. The factory was designed by Onoda Engineering, Japan and constructed by a consortium of Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Tomen Corporation, Japan. It sells its cement under the brand name of "Gaida Cement". The industry, along with Hetauda Cement Industry, is among the few state-owned industries in Nepal that make cumulative profit.

Limestone is locally mined while gypsum required for the cement production is imported.

The plant also has collaboration with Kathmandu University.

Infrastructure
The cement production plant has:
 a 13.8 km long cable ropeway to transport limestone from Sindhali-hill to factory
 limestone feed hoppers
 raw mill to grind limestone
 clinker burning chamber of 1500C
 packing plant
 testing labs

Production
The initial production capacity of the plant was 800 tonnes/day.  In 2019, the production capacity was upgraded to 900 tonnes/day.. The plant plans to increase the capacity to 1100 tonnes/day.

The annual mine requirement is about 330,000 MT of limestone, 4,000 MT of iron ore, 57,000 MT of clay (alumina), 10,500 MT of gypsum and 21,00 MT of silica sand, as raw materials. Similarly, about 50,000 MT of coal, 12,000 kL furnace oil is required per year. Water demand is about 1500 m3/day while electricity demand is 8,000 kW.

The mine is expected to last for 200 years. By 2020, the company has managed to extract only 15% of limestone from the mine.

See also
 Herbs Production & Processing Co. Ltd., state owned herb industry of Nepal

References

External links
Official website
Short news documentary

Industry in Nepal
1987 establishments in Nepal
Government-owned companies of Nepal
Cement companies
Doyang Hydro Electric Project. The Doyang Hydro Electric Project is a NTPC NEEPCO owned hydro power project situated on the River Doyang (a tributary of the River Brahmaputra) located in the Wokha District of Nagaland. It was commissioned in the year 2000 and the total installed capacity of the project is 75 (3 X 25) MW. In the decades since its commissioning, the project has fallen into disrepair. The hydro power project has maintained a housing colony for the employees since its inception. As the state steadily withdraws from public sector enterprises, the maintenance and repairs of the project and the housing colony have suffered. The project remains in a state of steady disintegration, and with the level of malfunctioning of infrastructure, infrastructure asserts its visibility and has become central to the sight. The Doyang Hydro Electric Project is the only major river dam in Nagaland.

References 

Electric power companies of India
Hydroelectric power stations in India
2000 establishments in Nagaland
Energy infrastructure completed in 2000
20th-century architecture in India
Pare Hydro Electric Project. The Pare Hydro Electric Project is a NTPC NEEPCO situated in the Dikrong River which is a tributary of Brahmaputra River in the Papum Pare District of Arunachal Pradesh.Total installed capacity of project is 110 MW

The project was constructed by four contractors:
  Hindustan Construction Company Ltd. - Civil Works
 Precision Infratech - Hydro-Mechanical Works
 Andritz Hydro - Electro-Mechanical Works 
 Alstom T&D India Ltd (Alstom Group) - Transformer & Switchyard

References

Electric power companies of India
Tuirial Hydro Electric Project. Tuirial Hydro Electric Project is NTPC NEEPCO owned project situated on Tuirial river system and is located in the Aizawl district of Mizoram adjoining Cachar district of Assam. Total installed capacity of project is 60(2 x 30) MW.

References

Electric power companies of India
Hydroelectric power stations in India
Year of establishment missing
Kameng Hydro Electric Project. Kameng Hydro Electric Project is a run-of-the river based project situated on Bichom and Tenga Rivers, both tributaries of the Kameng River in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.  Total installed capacity of project is 600 (4×150) MW. Two units were commissioned in 2020–21 and remain two units are ongoing.

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Arunachal Pradesh
2020 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh
Energy infrastructure completed in 2020
West Kameng district