omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of Deutsche Bundesbahn locomotives and railbuses. This article lists the locomotives and railcars/multiple units of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), the German Federal Railways, that were in service between 1949 and 1993. For vehicles of the Deutsche Bahn see the List of DBAG locomotives and railbuses.

Steam locomotive classes are arranged in accordance with the DRG classification system; electric and diesel locomotives, railbuses and works vehicles are listed in accordance with the DB classification scheme. Classes that were fully retired before 1968 are listed under the classification allocated to them by the DB up to 1967. In the case of petrol-driven railbuses, a new classification system was introduced in the late 1940s that was only valid in the western zones of occupation and therefore with the later DB.

Steam locomotives 

The table gives the vehicle class in the first column that was used by the Deutsche Bundesbahn who adopted the DRG classification system; if necessary, figures based on the running numbers are also given where this is needed to identify the sub-classes.

In the second column the class numbers are from the DB classification scheme used from 1968 onwards. Where there is no entry in this column, all the engines had been retired by the beginning of 1968.

The Deutsche Bundesbahn retired its last steam locomotives by 1977 and completely ceased all steam traction operations by 1985.

Electric locomotives 

The electric vehicles of the Deutsche Bundesbahn have been designed for operating with a voltage of 15 kV, 16,667 Hz.

Diesel locomotives

Electric multiple units (EMU, "Elektrische Triebwagen")

Battery electric multiple units ("Akkumulatortriebwagen")

Diesel multiple units ("Verbrennungstriebwagen") including Diesel railbuses

Steam Railbuses

DB Works Vehicles

References

See also 
Deutsche Bundesbahn
UIC classification

Locomotives of Germany
Deutsche Bundesbahn locomotives
Deutsche Bundesbahn
German railway-related lists
List of Deutsche Bahn AG locomotives and railbuses. This list provides an overview of the motive power operated by Deutsche Bahn. It only includes those vehicles that have been in service with the Deutsche Bahn AG since its formation on 1 January 1994.

The classes are numbered according to the locomotive classification of the Deutsche Bundesbahn, which had been adopted by Deutsche Bahn in 1994.

Since 2007, classifications for all German railway companies are centrally issued by the Federal Railway Office in line with UIC classification rules.

Steam locomotives 

Several narrow gauge steam locomotives were taken over by Deutsche Bahn, which until 2004 were handed over to communal services or heritage railways.

Electric locomotives

Diesel locomotives

Hybrid- and Dual Mode locomotive

Minor locomotives

Electric multiple units

Accumulator train

Hydrogen train

Diesel multiple units

Railway works vehicles

References 

 :de:Liste der Lokomotiv- und Triebwagenbaureihen der Deutschen Bahn

See also 
Deutsche Bahn
UIC identification marking for tractive stock

Locomotives of Germany
Deutsche Bahn locomotives
Deutsche Bahn
German railway-related lists
Gradiente Expert. The Expert (or Expert XP-800), made by Gradiente Eletrônica (to date best known as a game console and Hi-Fi equipment company) was the second and last MSX home computer launched in the Brazilian market, in the mid-1980s.

It was presented to the public at the 5th International Computing Fair, nicknamed "Informatica '85". The event took place at Anhembi Convention Center in the city of São Paulo from September 23 to 29, 1985. At the announcement, the computer was priced 65 ORTN s.

Its market release date was 1 December 1985, one week after Epcom's Hotbit, just in time for 1985's Christmas and with a massive media campaign on magazines, newspapers and TV. In the newspapers ads the initial offer price was Cr$ 4,640,000, or US$470 by the value at the time, or US$1,165 by the end of 2021.

The machine was a clone of the National CF-3000, with a computer case resembling a stereo system, a detached keyboard with a proprietary connector, no caps lock LED and no reset key, although the soft-reset could be achieved by pressing simultaneously the keys Shift + Control + Delete, while a hard-reset could be achieved by pushing in either of the cartridge slot covers, if they were free.

The Expert XP-800 was followed by the Expert GPC-1 ("Gradiente Personal Computer") in 1987, and by Expert Plus and Expert DD Plus (a system with a built-in 720 KB 3" floppy disk drive) in 1989.

The Expert users waited for an MSX2 machine, but Gradiente never produced it and discontinued the MSX line in 1990.

Versions XP-800/GPC-1
The two first versions had a graphite case and socketed chips, which caused a chronic problem: when the machine heated, the chips frequently pulled out and the system "froze". Also, the GPC-1, released in 1987, had a ROM slightly modified to solve an ASCII table compatibility issue with the other popular Brazilian MSX, Sharp's Hotbit.

Versions Plus/DD Plus
The last two versions had a black case and the problematic socketed chips were replaced by an ASIC. Nevertheless, the RAM was mapped to a secondary slot and, although it was straight by the MSX standards, caused a lot of crashes with programs who searched for memory in the wrong place. It did not contribute for the popularity of any of the Plus versions.

These machines used the MSX-Engine T7937A instead of the Z80A CPU of previous models.

Technical specifications

Peripherals
 DR-1 ("data-corder"): tape recorder
 JS-1: joystick
 MBW-12: 12" green CRT monochrome monitor
 TA-1: TV adapter
 TM-1: 1200/75 bit/s modem with a RS-232C port

Notes

Z80
MSX microcomputer
Beardmore W.B.V. The Beardmore W.B.V was a prototype British single-engine shipborne biplane fighter of World War I developed by Beardmore. It was not successful, only two being completed.

Development and design
At the same time as developing the Beardmore W.B.IV, G. Tilghman Richards, the chief designer of Beardmore, designed a second aircraft to meet an Admiralty requirement for a ship-borne fighter aircraft to be armed with a 37 mm Le-Puteaux quick firing gun in order to destroy airships. The resulting aircraft, the W.B.V, was a single seater two-bay tractor biplane powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Hispano-Suiza engine.  The wings folded for storage on board ship. The manually loaded Le-Puteaux gun was mounted between the cylinder banks of the V-8 engine, firing through a hollow propeller shaft. Unlike the W.B.V, the W.B.IV was not fitted with a buoyancy chamber, being instead fitted with inflatable flotation bags.

The first prototype flew on 3 December 1917. During testing, the Le Puteaux gun was considered dangerous by RNAS pilots, and the aircraft was re-armed with a more conventional synchronised Vickers machine gun together with a Lewis gun mounted on a tripod mounting. Development was abandoned shortly after the completion of a second prototype.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

 
 
 

W.B.V
1910s British fighter aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Weybosset Mills Complex. The Weybosset Mills Complex is a historic industrial site in the Olneyville section of Providence, Rhode Island.  It consists of nine historic brick factory buildings, located on three city blocks west of Rhode Island Route 10 and north of United States Route 6, just northwest of their junction.  The three blocks are bounded on the south by Magnolia Street, and on the east by railroad tracks paralleling Route 10.  The southern two blocks end at Agnes and Oak Streets, while the northerly block is bounded on the west by Troy Street and the north by Dike Street.  The oldest building in the complex is a three-story brick boiler house built c. 1836.  Although the origins of this mill complex were as a cotton mill, the Weybosset Corporation purchased it in 1864, and transformed it into one of the nation's major producers of worsted wool products.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 2008.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

External links
Press Release, May 21, 2008

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
Sukhoi T-60S. The Sukhoi T-60S was a planned Soviet 1980s replacement for the Tu-22M3. The supersonic intermediate range bomber never got past the drawing board. Very little information is available about technical characteristics of this aircraft, which remains classified by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. It was believed that T-60S would have  featured a variable geometry wing, flat lifting fuselage and two engines, equipped with two-dimensional thrust vectoring nozzles. The armament was to include up to six Kh-101 cruise missiles, as well as AS-15 and AS-16 missiles, free-fall nuclear weapons and precision guided conventional munitions. The project was first initiated by  Sukhoi in 1984 but was cancelled in the early 1990s. The bomber was to have replaced the Tu-22M in the Soviet Air Force.

Technical performance characteristics (calculated) 
 Source  
  Crew:  n / d
  Length:  40 (38)
  Wingspan (Wings swept/unswept)  24 m / 37 m
  Height:  10 m
  Wing area:  n / d
  Mass empty:  32,000 kg
  Normal take-off weight:  85,000 kg
  Maximum take-off weight:  n / d
  Engines:  2 × turbofans n / a
  Thrust maximum:  2 × n / d
  Thrust on afterburner e:  2 × 23500 kgf

Flight performance (calculated) 
  'Maximum speed at height:'  M = 2.04
  'Cruising speed:'  M = 2.02
  'Maximum range without refueling:'  n / d
  'Practical range without refueling:'  6000 km
  'Fighting radius:'  2200 km
  'Duration flight a:'  n / d
  'Practical ceiling:'  20,000 m

See also

References

Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
1980s Soviet bomber aircraft
T-60S
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
List of East German Deutsche Reichsbahn locomotives and railbuses. This article contains a list of locomotives and railbuses of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) (DR) according to the numbering system introduced by the DR on 1 July 1970.

Following the October 1990 reunification of Germany, the DR's locomotives and railbuses were incorporated (and renumbered) on 1 January 1992 into the classification system of the West German Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), originally issued on 1 January 1968, in preparation for the merger of the two German national railways that took place on 1 January 1994. This renumbering was also described as the 'locomotive classification of the Deutsche Bahn' as a number of changes and additions to the DB's 1968 system were needed.

Classification before 1970: see also DRG classification system.

Steam locomotives 

In the DR numbering plan the following additional practices were common:
xx.6xxx   locomotives, that originated from former private railways.

From 1970 the following sub-classes for all steam locomotives were introduced, the locomotive number always being four digits long:
xx.0   locomotives with oil-firing
xx.1–8 locomotives with grate firing
xx.9   locomotives with coal dust firing

Diesel locomotives and small locomotives 

 * The classification 199 was first introduced in 1973 .

Diesel railbuses

Electric locomotives 

With the exception of the BR 251 all locomotives are designed for 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC.

Electric railcars

Accumulator cars

See also 
Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)
UIC classification

Literature 
Franz Rittig, Manfred Weisbrod: Baureihe 232 – Die berühmte Ludmilla (= Eisenbahn Journal Extra. Ausgabe 2 / 2012). Verlagsgruppe Bahn, Fürstenfeldbruck 2012, 

Klaus-Jürgen Halle: Die Großdiesellokomotive V 180 – Das Erfolgsmodell aus Babelsberg. In: Die Deutsche Reichsbahn – 45 Jahre Eisenbahngeschichte in der DDR, Kapitel 5.2, Ausgabe 1 / 2012, Geramond-Verlag, Gilching

References

External links
 There is an English-language discussion forum at Railways of Germany

Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) locomotives
Locomotives of Germany
Rail transport in East Germany
Railway locomotive-related lists
German railway-related lists
Hodgkinsonite. Hodgkinsonite is a rare zinc manganese silicate mineral Zn2MnSiO4(OH)2. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and typically forms radiating to acicular prismatic crystals with variable color from pink, yellow-red to deep red.  Hodgkinsonite was discovered in 1913 by H. H. Hodgkinson, for whom it is named in Franklin, New Jersey, and it is only found in that area.

References

http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/hodgkinsonite.pdf Manual of Mineralogy
http://webmineral.com/data/Hodgkinsonite.shtml Webmineral
http://www.mindat.org/min-1913.html Mindat

External links

http://franklin-sterlinghill.com/palache/hodgkinsonite.stm

Nesosilicates
Geology of New Jersey
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Nobili cellular automata. Nobili cellular automata (NCA) are a variation of von Neumann cellular automata (vNCA), in which additional states provide means of memory and the interference-free crossing of signal.  Nobili cellular automata are the invention of Renato Nobili, a professor of physics at the University of Padova in Padova, Italy.  Von Neumann specifically excluded the use of states dedicated to the crossing of signal.

The confluent state is altered, so that it acts as a signal crossing organ if exactly two signal paths are incident (they enter and leave the confluent state), or acts as a memory organ if only inputs exist.

The benefit of these alterations to the state set of von Neumann cellular automata is that signal crossing is greatly eased, configurations are slightly smaller than the corresponding configuration of von Neumann cellular automata, and the computational throughput is increased.

Signal crossing in vNCA

In von Neumann's original cellular automaton, the crossing of signals is much more difficult. The most widely used signal crossing organs are the coded channel (devised by von Neumann himself), Gorman's real-time crossing organ, and the Mukhopadhyay crossing organ. The coded channel can only cross individual pulses; the others are capable of crossing entire packets without interference, analogous the crossing organ in Nobili's cellular automaton. The Mukhopadhyay crossing organ comprises three XOR gates, in the arrangement shown.

Signal crossing in NCA

In Nobili cellular automaton, a signal crossing organ consists of a single confluent cell, with two perpendicular input paths and two perpendicular output paths. Due to the substantially reduced size (as compared with any of the vNCA crossing organs), self-replicating machines are much more compact in NCA. For example, the smallest replicator so far, 
λG, comprises only 485 somatic cells.

Memory storage in vNCA

Storing memory in vNCA can be done in multiple ways. One of these (the electronic method) is to create a loop of OTS cells with an excited pulse travelling around it. By far the most common way (the electro-mechanical method) is to use a special transmission state to construct and delete an ordinary transmission state, to act as a gate. Slight modifications can yield a plethora of different gates, including latches, pulse dividers, and one-time gates.

Memory storage in NCA

In Nobili's cellular automaton, this task is also simplified. A confluent cell with no outputs 'holds' a pulse of excitation until an output is created. In the diagram of λG above, the excited confluent cell is displayed in orange. It will remain in this state until an adjacent OTS cell is created, at which point the information will flow into the next confluent cell.

References
 

Cellular automaton rules
Queensland Water Commission. The Queensland Water Commission (QWC)  is a defunct Queensland Government agency established to develop long term water supply strategies. The Commission was chaired by Mary Boydell and the chief executive officer was John Bradley.

The agency was responsible for setting water restriction policy and coordinating water infrastructure projects in the state. In South East Queensland, the Commission established a regional water grid known as the SEQ Water Grid and the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project. Together with new dams and desalination plants the Commission aimed to counter the worst effects of drought in Australia.

As part of 50-year South East Queensland water strategy the QWC recommended that the Government of Queensland focus on recycled water projects, rather than desalination plants, because desalination plants are too energy intensive and recycled water provides supply regardless of changes in climate.

On 1 January 2013, the Queensland Water Commission ceased operations. Policy-making functions of the Commission were assumed by the Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply and its planning and regulatory functions became the responsibility of Seqwater.

See also

Seqwater
SunWater
Water security in Australia

References

External links
Official site

Government agencies of Queensland
2006 establishments in Australia
2013 disestablishments in Australia
Water resources management
TinyLinux. TinyLinux is a project started by Matt Mackall in 2003 to reduce the size of the Linux kernel, in both memory usage and binary filesize. The purpose was to make a compact Linux system  for embedded devices. The development was sponsored by the CE Linux Forum. It is also known as the -tiny tree.

By 2006 the project was mostly abandoned. It received new attention in 2007, again with sponsorship from CELF, but has seen minimal activity since 2007.

TinyLinux consists of a set of patches against the Linux kernel which make certain features optional, or add system monitoring and measurement so that further optimization can take place. They are made to be mergeable with the mainline kernel, and many patches have been merged to date.

Features include: the ability to disable ELF core dumps, reduce the number of swap files, use of the SLOB memory allocator, ability to disable BUG(). For measuring and accounting features include: ability for kmalloc/kfree allocations to be monitored through /proc/kmalloc; and measurement of inline usage during kernel compiling. TinyLinux requires Intel 80386 or better to run.

See also
 Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset (ELKS)

References

External links 

Linux kernel
Dual-homed. Dual-homed or dual-homing can refer to either an Ethernet device that has more than one network interface, for redundancy purposes, or in firewall technology, one of the firewall architectures for implementing preventive security.

An example of dual-homed devices are enthusiast computing motherboards that incorporate dual Ethernet network interface cards.

Usage

In Ethernet LANs, dual-homing is a network topology whereby a networked device is built with more than one network interface.  Each interface or port is connected to the network, but only one connection is active at a time.  The other connection is activated only if the primary connection fails.  Traffic is quickly rerouted to the backup connection in the event of link failure.  This feature was designed to provide telecommunications grade reliability and redundancy to Ethernet networks.  Multihoming is a more general category, referring to a device having more than one network connection.

In firewalls

Firewall dual-homing provides the first-line defense and protection technology for keeping untrusted bodies from compromising information security by violating trusted network space. 

A dual-homed host (or dual-homed gateway) is a system fitted with two network interfaces (NICs) that sits between an untrusted network (like the Internet) and trusted network (such as a corporate network) to provide secure access. Dual-homed is a general term for proxies, gateways, firewalls, or any server that provides secured applications or services directly to an untrusted network.

Dual-homed hosts can be seen as a special case of bastion hosts and multi-homed hosts. They fall into the category of application-based firewalls.

Dual-homed hosts can act as firewalls provided that they do not forward IP datagrams unconditionally.

Other firewall architectures include the network-layer firewall types screening router, screened-host, and screened subnet.

See also
Multihoming
Firewall (computing)
Router (computing)

References

Computer network security
Bavarian MCCi. The steam railbuses of Bavarian Class MCCi were built between 1906–1908 for the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) for suburban services in the Munich area. Seven units were produced, the coach bodies being manufactured by MAN and the engines by Maffei.

The railbuses had a B'2' axle arrangement, thus two of the four axles were driven. The engine was technically very similar to that of the four-wheeled Lokalbahn (branch line) locomotives of Bavarian Class ML 2/2.

In the mid-1920s as the vehicles were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, four of the railbuses were converted to electric propulsion and initially classified as the D4i elT and later as ET 85. They were therefore prototypes for the DRG's Class ET 85s.

Another MCCi was converted to a diesel railbus in 1928 by MAN (VT 865); this did not prove effective however and was retired by the end of the 1920s.

See also 
Royal Bavarian State Railways 
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

External links 

 Section through the railbus

0-4-0+4 locomotives
MCCi
Railmotors
Train-related introductions in 1906
DRG Class ET 85. The DRG Class ET 85 was a German electric motor coach with the Deutsche Reichsbahn and, later, the Deutsche Bundesbahn.

History 
In 1924 the Waggonfabrik Fuchs coach factory in Heidelberg converted four Bavarian MCCi steam railbuses into Class ET 85 electric railbuses with running numbers 01–04. After this conversion an order for 32 new vehicles of this type was delivered to Fuchs and BBC to be built from 1927 to 1933. In 1927 it was still not possible to locate the entire electric engine unter the coach floor. The transformer and the switching (Schaltwerk) was therefore installed in an engine compartment. The nine railbuses were only a little longer than their "prototypes". The doors to the passenger section were recessed like those of their predecessors, however there was only a single door to the engine compartment on the right hand side of the vehicle. All units up to number ET 85 30 originally had front doors and gangways that were later removed. 

In identical form and with the same internal layout - instead of the engine room, there was a luggage compartment - driving cars ES 85 01–34 appeared from 1927 to 1933. Rebuilt six-wheeled Bavarian passenger coaches, numbers EB 85 01–70, acted as trailer cars; they were later replaced by six-wheeled 'rebuild coaches', the so-called Umbau-Wagen. Motor coaches ET 85 05 and 09 were equipped for top speeds of 100 km/h. The DB took over the Class ET 85 and reclassified them in 1968 as DB Class 485/885. These vehicles were not just employed in Munich suburban services but also by the Deutsche Bundesbahn in the Black Forest on the Three Lakes Railway and the Wehra Valley Line.

By 1977 all the vehicles had been retired; the last ones being nos. 485 005 + 885 709.

In 1949 numbers ET 85 13, 14 and 16 were converted to ET 90 01–03. After re-motoring they were used on the inclined route from Berchtesgaden to Königssee and occasionally also on the Ammer Valley Railway. In 1972 the ET 90s were retired.

Number 485 007 + 885 615 is preserved in the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum.

See also
List of DB locomotives and railbuses
List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

ET 85
Locomotives of Bavaria
15 kV AC locomotives