omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Radial axle. A radial axle is an axle on a railway locomotive or carriage which has been designed to move laterally, along the arc of a circle, when entering a curve to reduce the flange and rail wear. William Bridges Adams was an early developer of radial axles.

Radial axles were widely used on carriages in the late 19th century before the adoption of bogies. They were also used on the leading or trailing axles of locomotives, particularly tank locomotives. The idea was tried successfully by William Adams on the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) in 1882 with his 415 class.

Radial axles were also used in locomotives designed by  F.W. Webb of the London and North Western Railway, and by William Stroudley and R. J. Billinton of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR). Webb's radial axle used a cannon box bearing where the two axle bearings are carried in a single curved casting, the 'cannon box', which can slide sideways in a circular track. David Joy, designer of the eponymous valve gear, described encountering these axleboxes on Webb's Precedent class. The earlier Adams design had relied on the axle and thrust-faces within the axle bearings to keep the hornblocks in position.

Sources

 

Steam locomotive technologies
Train axles
PTQL. Program Trace Query Language (PTQL) is a language based on relational queries over program traces, in which programmers can write expressive, declarative queries about program behavior.

Sources

Conference on Object Oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications  archive Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1094811.1094841&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=10871926&CFTOKEN=54412436

External links
PTQL on Hyperic page

Query languages
Declarative programming languages
Henrik O. Madsen. Henrik Overgaard Madsen (born 27 July 1953) is a  businessperson, engineer, Member of the Board of Aker Solutions and was chief executive officer of DNV GL between 2006 and 2015.

Madsen is educated with a PhD in civil and structural engineering from the Technical University of Denmark, where he also held a position as professor within structural mechanics. He started working for DNV as chief scientist in structural reliability analysis, working to introduce structural reliability methods in the standard setting work of the oil and gas industry. He was elected into the United States Offshore Energy Center Technology Hall of Fame as an offshore pioneer in 2002. He has published several books and more than 80 papers within this area.

For DNV, Madsen has headed the maritime, energy and industry, and research business areas, as well as being regional manager in Japan and Denmark. He is also a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.

In June 2015, Madsen has been appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as a new board member of the UN Global Compact.

In June 2019, Ivaldi Group, a 3D printing company specialized in on demand superior producer, has appointed Madsen to its advisory board.

Publications 

 Methods of Structural Safety (1985) 
 Structural Reliability Methods (1996)
 Proposal for a Code for the Direct Use of Reliability Methods in Structural Design (1989)

References

1953 births
Living people
21st-century Danish businesspeople
20th-century Danish engineers
21st-century Danish engineers
National CO2 Air Pistol (.177). {{DISPLAYTITLE:National CO2 Air Pistol (.177)}}

The National  Air Pistol is a single shot air pistol with  powerplant. It is manufactured by National rifles division of the Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd of Ahmedabad, India.

Technical features 

Calibre: 4.5 mm / 0.177 
Barrel Length: 228mm 
Barrel: Rifled
Front Sight: 5 mm Wide
Rear Sight: 4.2 mm notch
Action: Bolt-action 
Capacity: 1 round(s).

See also 
 IHP National Airpistol
 IHP Airpistol 0.177

References

External links 
Manufacturer's Website

Air guns of India
Muddy flood. A muddy flood is produced by an accumulation of run-off over agricultural land. Sediments are picked up by the run-off and carried as suspended matter or bed-load. Muddy floods are typically  a hill-slope process, and should not be confused with mudflows produced by mass movements.

Muddy floods can damage the road infrastructure and may deposit layers of mud blanket and may also clog  sewers and damage private property.

It has been referred to 'muddy floods' since the 1980s. A similar designation appeared in French ('inondations boueuses') during the same period.

Muddy flood generation 

Muddy runoff is generated on agricultural land when the soil surface is exposed or sparsely covered by vegetation. Large quantities of run-off usually generated by heavy storms is needed to start such a flood.

Muddy flood occurrence 
Muddy floods have been observed in the entire European loess belt. Other affected areas include Normandy and Picardy (France), central Belgium and southern Limburg, the Netherlands.

Muddy floods have also been observed in Slovakia and Poland.

Temporal evolution 
An increase in muddy flood frequency has been observed during the last twenty years (e.g. in central Belgium,). This increase in their frequency may be due to a number of factors including:

 Change in agricultural practices that leave field bare of crops in the autumn and winter
 A shift to crops that are more sensitive to soil erosion;
 land consolidation (enlargement of fields, removal of landscape buffer elements such as hedges.
 construction of new houses, upstream of cropland increasing run-off volumes and intensity
 increased frequency of heavy rainfall.

Control measures 

Preventive measures consist in limiting runoff generation and sediment production at the source. Alternative farming practices (e.g. reduced tillage) to increase runoff infiltration and limit erosion in their fields may assist.

Curative measures generally consist in installing retention ponds at the boundary between cropland and inhabited areas.

An alternative is to apply other measures than can be referred to as intermediate measures. Grass buffer strips along or within fields, a grassed waterway (in the thalwegs of dry valleys) or earthen dams are good examples of this type of measures. They act as a buffer within landscape, retaining runoff temporarily and trapping sediments.

Implementation of these measures is best coordinated at the catchment scale.

See also
November 2010 European Windstorms

References 

Flood
Zinc cadmium sulfide. Zinc cadmium sulfide  is a mixture of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS). It is  used for its fluorescent properties. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in plants and in seafood. Long-term or repeated exposures are expected to have harmful effects on the kidneys, bones, and respiratory tract, resulting in kidney impairment, osteoporosis (bone weakness), and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract.

Use
Operation LAC (Large Area Coverage) was a United States Army Chemical Corps operation in 1957 and 1958 which dispersed microscopic zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) particles over much of the United States. The purpose was to determine the dispersion and geographic range of biological or chemical agents. Zinc cadmium sulfide was used as it could be easily detected.

It was also used in an experiment on unwitting civilians in the UK and Canada.

Health effects
Anecdotal evidence exists of ZnCdS having adverse health effects as a result of LAC. However, a 1997 U.S. government study, done by the U.S. National Research Council stated, in part, "After an exhaustive, independent review requested by Congress, we have found no evidence that exposure to zinc cadmium sulfide at these levels could cause people to become sick." It said that the material was dispersed at very low levels, and people were exposed to higher levels in typical urban environments. Responding to the 1997 study, Leonard A. Cole said that by testing ZnCdS the Army was "literally using the country as an experimental laboratory".

See also
Operation Dew
Project SHAD
Unethical human experimentation in the United States

References

External links

Cadmium compounds
zinc
sulfide
Marine energy management. Marine energy management is the application of systematic methods to measure, register and analyze the energy usage of oceangoing vessels in specific.  

The goal of marine energy management is to 
maximize the (electrical or mechanical) energy generated from the minimum amount of fossil fuel, and 
maximize the useful work obtained from the minimum amount of generated energy.  The IMO is the international body responsible for code regulation.
These are two separated optimization problems.

Marine energy management can both be applied on board and onshore.  It is a complex problem, due to the number of inter-related energy systems on board vessels, such as the propulsion, the auxiliary engines, refrigeration systems, HVAC, etc.  The weather and sea-state, plus the logistics involved in transporting goods from one port to another, also have big effects.  

Marine energy management can be addressed on board through measuring devices, monitoring systems and decision-support systems.  It can be addressed onshore through data analysis, leading to change in operation on board.

See also
Fuel efficiency
Energy Engineering
Marine fuel management

External links
Alaris Companies
DNV - Energy Management
International Maritime Organization
Lloyd's Register
Marine Energy Management Forum
Marorka - Marine Energy Management Solutions

Energy conservation
Environmental impact of shipping
Friedrich Knauer (chemist). Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Knauer (22 January 1897 – 7 July 1979) was a German physical chemist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club.

Education
From 1918 to 1924, Knauer studied at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and Leibniz University Hannover. He received his doctorate in engineering in 1923 at Hannover; he was a student of Beckmann and W. Kohlrausch.

Career
No later than 1933, he completed his Habilitation, and he became a Privatdozent at the Universität Hamburg. In 1939, he became an assistant in the department of physical chemistry and then a supernumerary professor (nichtplanmäßiger Professor) there.

During World War II, as yearly as 1940, he was a member of  Paul Harteck's group at the University of Hamburg. He did research on neutron diffusion and capture in uranium for the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranverein.

Internal Reports
The following report was published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein.  The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies.  The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation.  In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics.

Paul Harteck, Johannes Jensen, Friedrich Knauer, and Hans Suess Über die Bremsung, die Diffusion und den Einfang von Neutronen in fester Kohlensäure und über Präparat 38 G-36 (19 August 1940)

Bibliography
Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996)
Walker, Mark German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949 (Cambridge, 1993)

Notes

20th-century German chemists
Academic staff of the University of Hamburg
Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
1897 births
1979 deaths
Ailanthus-class net laying ship. The Ailanthus class were a group of 35 wooden-hulled net laying ships of the United States Navy built during World War II as part of the huge building programs of late 1941 and early 1942 for small patrol and mine warfare vessels.  Five of the class were transferred to the British Royal Navy under Lend-Lease, and another five were converted while at their shipyards into Auxiliary Fleet Tugs, the ATA-214-class.

Armament
In the original design, in addition to the 3-inch gun mounted forward of the bridge, there were two single 20 mm guns mounted on top of the bridge. In September 1944, as a trial, a third 20 mm gun was installed on a small elevated platform mounted on a pedestal between the bridge and the smokestack on Terebinth (AN-59), but it was found that the arc of fire was restricted, that the platform was too hot to permit the storage of ready ammunition, and that the gun crew became ill from engine fumes. Instead, two additional single 20 mm guns were installed at the after end of the deckhouse on AN 39-63 and 66-69. In April 1945 the four single mounts were ordered to be replaced with four twin mounts, but this change does not seem to have been made.

Losses
Two ships of the class were lost during the war;
 USS Ailanthus (AN-38), was wrecked barely a month after commissioning, running aground in the Aleutians on 26 February 1944, and was declared a total loss on 14 March 1944.
 USS Snowbell (AN-52), was driven hard aground when Typhoon Louise hit Buckner Bay, Okinawa, on 9 October 1945 and was declared beyond repair. The wreck was blown up in January 1946.

Disposal
In early 1946 six of the ships, Cliffrose (AN-42), Cinnamon (AN-50), Silverbell (AN-51), Torchwood (AN-55), Catclaw (AN-60), and Shellbark (AN-67), were transferred to the Republic of China's Maritime Customs Service at Shanghai, while the remainder were disposed of in 1947 in a Maritime Commission sales program for small vessels.

Ships

References

External links

 Net Laying Ship Index at NavSource Naval History

 
Auxiliary gateship classes
Auxiliary ship classes of the United States Navy
Morten Loktu. Morten Loktu (born 18 September 1960) is a Norwegian businessperson.

He took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1984, and was hired as an engineer in Statoil in 1985. Since then he has been a director in the company, except for the years 2002 to 2004, when he was the chief executive of SINTEF.

He is chairman of the board of OG21, and a board member of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology.

He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

References

1960 births
Living people
Norwegian businesspeople in the oil industry
Equinor people
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
CFE Company. The CFE Company is a joint venture established by GE Aviation and the Garrett Engine Division of Allied Signal (now Honeywell Aerospace) in June 1987. The company produces the CFE738, a small turbofan engine used on the Dassault Falcon 2000. "CFE" stands for "Commercial Fan Engines".

Products
 CFE CFE738

References

External links
 GE Aviation CFE738 page

Aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
Seasoning (disambiguation). Seasoning is the process of imparting flavor to, or improving the flavor of, food.

Seasoning may also refer to:

 Seasoning (cookware), adding a protective coating for iron or steel cookware
 Seasoning (slavery), the period of adjustment that slave traders and slaveholders subjected African slaves to following their arrival in the Americas.
 Wood drying, also known as seasoning, which is the reduction of the moisture content of wood prior to its use
HMQS Midge. HMQS Midge was a torpedo launch that served with the Queensland Maritime Defence Force, the Commonwealth Naval Forces and the Royal Australian Navy. After entering service in 1887, Midge served as "picquet boat" along the Brisbane River until Federation in 1901, when she was transferred to the Commonwealth. After this, she served as a training boat until 1912 when she was decommissioned.

Construction and design
Following the formation of the Queensland Maritime Defence Force the colonial government decided to supplement the recently acquired vessels with a small torpedo launch. HMQS Midge was specifically built in England by J. Samuel White, Cowes, for this purpose and shipped out to Australia in 1887. She was of wooden construction using a combination of teak and mahogany, and cost 5,000 pounds sterling. Displacing 12 tons, she was  long, had a  beam and a draught of . The ship was armed with one 3-pounder gun and two machine guns. Originally she carried one spar torpedo and later had two sets of dropping gear for 14 inch torpedoes.

Service history
Like HMQS Mosquito, she was never commissioned but simply placed into service when required and therefore was usually moored at the Naval Stores Depot at Kangaroo Point on the Brisbane River. She served as a "picquet boat" until Federation in 1901 when she was transferred to the Commonwealth and served as a training ship. Midge was still on strength in 1911 when the Royal Australian Navy was formed but she was stripped and paid off the next year. Midges engines were found to be in such good condition that they went on to be used for many years at the Royal Australian Navy's engineering school. The hull was sold as a private yacht in 1912, and was renamed Nola II.

See also
 List of Queensland Maritime Defence Force ships
 List of Royal Australian Navy ships

References

Bibliography
 
 

Torpedo boats of the Queensland Maritime Defence Force
Torpedo boats of the Royal Australian Navy
1887 ships
Blohm & Voss Ha 140. The Blohm & Voss Ha 140 was a German multi-purpose seaplane first flown in 1937. It was intended for use as a torpedo bomber or long-range reconnaissance aircraft but did not enter production.

Design and development
The Ha 140 was developed to meet a requirement for a twin-engine floatplane reconnaissance/torpedo bomber.

The Ha 140 had an all-metal structure of conventional cantilever monoplane layout, with twin floats on pylons beneath its twin wing-mounted engines. The high-mounted wing had a straight centre section and slight dihedral on the outer sections.

The crew consisted of a pilot and radio operator, with a gunner in a revolving turret in the nose or in a second gun position to the rear. The torpedo or bomb load was accommodated in an internal bomb bay.

Three prototypes were built and the design beat the competing Heinkel He 115. However, by then B&V did not have enough spare manufacturing capacity for series production and declined the order, which went to Heinkel instead.

In 1940 the third prototype was modified to test the tail design and variable-incidence wing mechanism used on the BV 144 transport.

Specifications (Ha 140 V2)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 4th impression 1979, p. 70-71. .
 Schneider, H. Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Herm. Beyer Verlag, Leipzig, 1940

External links

 http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%202762.html Flight, 6 October 1938

Ha 140
1930s German bomber aircraft
Floatplanes
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Project management simulation. Project management simulation is simulation used for project management training and analysis. 
Project management simulation is often used as training simulation for project managers. In other cases it is used for what-if analysis and for supporting decision-making in real projects.
Frequently the simulation is conducted using software tools.

Training
Project management simulation for training is an interactive learning activity, frequently practiced as a group exercise. The purpose  of the simulation is to impart to students the competencies (i.e. knowledge, skills, and attitudes) that will ultimately improve their performance.
It confronts trainees with the situations and problems that arise in real world projects. Trainees see the consequences of the decisions they make. They can track the evolution of the project parameters: scope, costs, schedule, and quality, as well as human factors. The simulation provides an opportunity for learners to solve typical project problems, to make mistakes and analyze them. 
Pedagogic goals of project management simulation can be to teach how to:
 determine goal and objectives of a project; 
 estimate cost; 
 plan tasks of the project; 
 plan resources in a project; 
 use project management tools; 
 control the progress of a project; 
 make team decisions under stress; 
 react appropriately in typical project management situations 
Different studies suggest that using simulation-based training for training project managers is superior to other methods.

Analysis
Project management simulation is used to analyze real projects. The goal of the simulation is to show the user the different possible outcomes of his decisions, along with the probability that each outcome will occur. The simulation helps in reducing the project risk and in choosing the best project plan. 
In a typical simulation the project is first modeled into a software tool along with uncertain variables. A simulation is then run to check the different possible outcomes and their probability as a result of different inputs for the uncertain variables.

See also
 Case study
 Project management
 Project manager
 Serious game
 Simulation game
 Simulation
 Training simulation
 Project team builder
 Sensitivity analysis

References

Project management education
M3 Technology. M3 Technology was founded as J&K Electronics Inc in 1998 as a distributor of electronic components on Long Island. In 2004, the company was renamed M3 Technology and established a new focus. The supply of parts and components to the aerospace industry.

M3 Technology has now become an aerospace & defense company but maintains its presence in the Electronics Industry.

Among the projects the company works on is the supply of parts and components to the MRAP program, logistical support of the New Iraqi Air Force and global supply services for the armed forces of Taiwan and Japan.  In addition, M3 Technology is intimately involved with the defense industry of Turkey and is a supplier of parts and supplies for many defense contractors in the country.

M3 Technology provides support services for platforms including:

Bradley Fighting Vehicle
Bell Huey
Mil Mi-17
F-35 Lightning II
M1 Abrams
B-52 Stratofortress
Orion spacecraft
M3 Technology is certified to the AS 9120 International Standard for Quality Management.  This Standard is derived from the ISO9001 family of certifications, and registration is maintained through Underwriters Laboratories.  In June 2011, the company received certification to the ANSI-ESD S20.20 Standard from QMI-SAI Global.

The company is registered as both an Exporter and a broker of United States Munitions List items through the United States Department of State and The Department of Defense Trade Controls.

Leadership 

 Janine Massa - President
 Ken Massa - CEO & Executive Vice President
 Mike Caton - COO & Vice President of Operations
 Paul Palumbo - CFO
 Audrey Blessinger - Purchasing Manager
 Christina Lipp - Logistics Manager
 Melissa Phillips - Supply Chain Manager

M3 Race Team 

In addition to its business activity, M3 Technology owns and operates a race team.  Led by driver Justin Bonsignore, the team competes in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

In 2010, Justin Bonsignore was named the 2010 Sunoco Rookie of the Year.

References 

Aerospace companies of the United States
Electronics companies of the United States