omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Roger Parsons. Roger Parsons  (1926  7 January 2017) was a British chemist (electrochemist).

Biography

Parsons studied chemistry at Imperial College London, obtaining a first class bachelor's degree in 1947. His doctorate, supervised by John Bockris, was awarded the following year. In 1951 he was appointed lecturer at the University of St. Andrews in Dundee (now Dundee University), researching electrochemical kinetics and thermodynamics under Douglas Hugh Everett. In 1954, Parsons accompanied Everett to the University of Bristol, where he was appointed professor. In 1977 Parsons was appointed Directeur du Laboratoired'Electrochimie Interfaciale (director of the laboratory of interfacial electrochemistry) at the CNRS in France, moving to Southampton in 1985 before retiring in 1992.

Parsons served as editor of the Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and as president of the Faraday Division of the Royal Chemical Society.

Research

His work dealt with kinetics (especially hydrogen evolution in electrolysis), electrocapillarity and adsorption processes, optical methods in interfacial electrochemistry, single crystal electrode processes and the electrochemical double layer.

Awards and honours

In 1979, he was awarded the Olin Palladium Award by the Electrochemical Society. Parsons was elected to the Royal Society in 1980, and won the society's Davy Medal in 2003.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
20th-century British chemists
Academics of the University of Bristol
Academics of the University of Southampton
Alumni of Imperial College London
French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists
English physical chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Dorna (boat). The dorna is a design of fishing boat specific to the Rías Baixas, a group of estuarine inlets in Galicia, a province on the Atlantic coast of northwestern Spain.

It is a clinker-built boat, typically around  long and  broad. It has at least a two-man crew: a skipper who handles the tiller (which extends forward from the stern under the hull), and a seaman who manages the headsail. It may, however, have a crew of three or four. It has oars for propulsion for when there is no wind. Modern boats may be fitted with an auxiliary outboard motor. Swedish scholar Staffan Mörling and Galician scholar Xaquín Lorenzo have suggested that the design may have been inspired by that of Viking 'dragon ships'.

References

See also 
 Dorna (sculpture)

External links
 
 
 

Fishing vessels of Spain
Galicia (Spain)
Raechel Laing. Raechel Margaret Laing is a New Zealand clothing and textiles academic. She is currently a professor emeritus at the University of Otago.

Academic career

After  a 1987 PhD titled The lockstitch seam : a model of the geometric structure and tensile behaviour at the University of Otago, she taught at Otago, rising to full professor.

Laing's research is focused on clothing and has received media attention. In 1997 she was awarded the Holden Medal for Education from the Textile Institute followed by the Institute Medal - their oldest award.

Selected works 
 MacRae, Braid A., James D. Cotter, and Raechel M. Laing. "Compression garments and exercise." Sports medicine 41, no. 10 (2011): 815–843.
 Wilson, C. A., B. J. Taylor, R. M. Laing, S. M. Williams, E. A. Mitchell, and New Zealand Cot Death Study Group. "Clothing and bedding and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome: further results from the New Zealand Cot Death Study." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 30, no. 6 (1994): 506–512.
 Webster, J., E. J. Holland, G. Sleivert, R. M. Laing, and B. E. Niven. "A light-weight cooling vest enhances performance of athletes in the heat." Ergonomics (journal) 48, no. 7 (2005): 821–837.
 Laing, Raechel M., Elizabeth J. Holland, Cheryl A. Wilson, and Brian E. Niven. "Development of sizing systems for protective clothing for the adult male." Ergonomics (journal) 42, no. 10 (1999): 1249–1257.
 McQueen, Rachel H., Raechel M. Laing, Heather JL Brooks, and Brian E. Niven. "Odor intensity in apparel fabrics and the link with bacterial populations." Textile Research Journal 77, no. 7 (2007): 449–456.

References

External links
  
 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
New Zealand women academics
University of Otago alumni
Academic staff of the University of Otago
Textile scientists
Austroads. Austroads is the apex organisation of road transport and traffic agencies in Australia and New Zealand. It publishes guidelines, codes of practice and research reports that promote best practice for road management organisations in Australasia. Austroads is based in Sydney and funded by the Federal Government.

Operations of Austroads are primarily administrative, with all research and engineering work contracted out, such as to produce the Australian standards for construction, planning and design in roads.

Austroads membership comprises:
 Transport for NSW New South Wales 
 VicRoads
 Department of Transport & Main Roads, Queensland 
 Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure, South Australia
 Main Roads Western Australia
 Department of State Growth, Tasmania
 Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics Northern Territory
 Transport Canberra & City Services, Australian Capital Territory
 Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications
 Australian Local Government Association
 New Zealand Transport Agency

History
At a conference of the Commonwealth and State Ministers for Transport in Melbourne in 1933, it was decided to form a national body to coordinate road transport planning. The foundation and first meeting of the new 'Conference of State Road Authorities' (COSRA) took place in February 1934, in Melbourne.

After much consideration, and the interruption of World War II, the first national route marking system was introduced in 1954, with a trial signposting of National Route 31 (Hume Highway).

As the substantive role of the organisation grew, in October 1959 the name was changed to 'National Association of Australian State Road Authorities' (NAASRA). In 1960 NAASRA set up the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) to further coordinate and encourage research into all aspects of road-making, planning and management.

With increasing federal control of roads planning and development, the role of the organisation changed, and in 1989, NAASRA was disbanded and replaced by Austroads.

In 1997, Austroads published Towards a Nationally Consistent Approach to Route Marking, which proposed a new system of alphanumeric route marking, agreed by all the transport ministers in May 1997 for nationwide implementation.

Austroads' remit includes the provision of guidance for vehicle classification and cycling and pedestrian infrastructure.

References

External links
Official site

Road infrastructure in Australia
Battlefield Combat Identification System. The Battlefield Combat Identification System (BCIS) was a question and answer system, in which military combat vehicles were able to communicate via a 38-GHz electronic millimeter wave pulse. The platform was mounted on Abrams Tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles. BCIS was intended to reduce fratricide, which became a concern during the Persian Gulf War.

Background

The development of BCIS began after the US Army awarded a contract to TRW Inc. of Cleveland in 1993. 1,200 systems were fielded to the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Hood, TX in June 1999. Production of the system ended in 2003 due to the platform's expense, which was estimated at $100,000 for each installation.

History

Fratricide concerns began during the Persian Gulf War, when 35 American troops were killed by friendly fire. During this period, soldiers often used low-tech methods to communicate, such as painting inverted "Vs" on allied vehicles or waving red-lensed flashlights. Army requirements for a combat identification system were recognized by the DoD's Joint Requirements Oversight Council in March 1992.

Operation

Combat vehicles carried BCIS transmitters and receivers that sent pulses of energy to one another if the vehicles engaged. The encrypted signal identified vehicles as a friend or foe.

During operation, a millimeter wave beam was transmitted from the gunner's station, interrogating a potential target prior to firing.  A BCIS transponder automatically responded with a message, provided in the form of audio and visual signals to the interrogating gunner (i.e. Friend, Friend-at-Range, or Unknown). The BCIS platform included an interrogator subassembly, a transponder subassembly, an antenna, a processor, display unit, and sight ring indicators.

Research
In 1995, Army Research Laboratory scientists conducted a study to improve the auditory signals of BCIS, changing notifications from pure tones to auditory icons, such as a doorbell for engaged allied vehicles. The study focused on ergonomic design of signals for quicker user guidance during emergency conditions.

References 

Military electronics of the United States
Surfactant leaching (decontamination). Surfactant leaching is a method of water and soil decontamination, e.g., for oil recovery in petroleum industry. It involves mixing of contaminated water or soil with surfactants with the subsequent leaching of emulsified contaminants. In oil recovery, most common surfactant types are ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated nonylphenols, sulphates, sulphonates, and biosurfactants.

References

Soil contamination
Solid-solid separation
Oil spill remediation technologies
Pauline Harrison. Pauline May Harrison (née Cowan, 24 August 1926 – 28 May 2024) was a British protein crystallographer and professor emeritus at the University of Sheffield. She gained her chemistry degree from Somerville College, Oxford in 1948, followed by a DPhil in X-ray crystallography in 1952 supervised by Dorothy Hodgkin. After three years at King's College London (contemporary with Rosalind Franklin) she moved to the University of Sheffield in 1955 as a demonstrator in the Biochemistry department (now Molecular Biology and Biotechnology), obtaining an MRC grant to study the iron storage protein Ferritin, publishing preliminary X-ray diffraction data in the 1st volume of the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1959. The molecule which became her life's work. In 1978, she was awarded a personal chair and retired in 1991. In 2001 she was appointed a CBE for services to higher education.

Personal life and death
Harrison was the daughter of botanists Adeline May Organe and John Macqueen Cowan, Assistant Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. She was married to Royden Harrison, also a lecturer at Sheffield and a figure in the Labour movement until his death in 2002. Harrison was an alumna of St. Trinnean's School.

Harrison died on 28 May 2024, at the age of 97.

References

1926 births
2024 deaths
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
British biochemists
British crystallographers
Academics of the University of Sheffield
English biophysicists
X-ray crystallography
British women biologists
British women chemists
20th-century British women scientists
20th-century British scientists
21st-century British women scientists
21st-century British scientists
Piaggio P.XIX. The Piaggio P.XIX was an Italian aircraft engine produced by Rinaldo Piaggio S.p.A. during World War II and used to power aircraft of the Regia Aeronautica.

Development
The engine was part of a line of 14-cylinder radial engines developed from Piaggio based on the Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major, which was itself loosely based on the Bristol Jupiter. It was derived from the earlier P.XI but with a higher compression ratio.

Variants
P.XIX R.C.45 Turbine Geared, rated altitude 
P.XIX R.C.50 Geared

Applications
 CANT Z.1007ter
 Macchi MC.200bis prototype
 Reggiane Re.2002

The engine was also fitted experimentally to single versions of the IMAM Ro.57 and Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 (serial number MM.60591).

Specifications (R.C. 45 Turbine)

See also

References

External links
 Re.2002 manual entry for the P.XIX

1940s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
P.XIX
Elizabeth Bragg. Elizabeth Bragg (April 23, 1858November 10, 1929) was the first woman to earn a civil engineering degree from an American university.

Early life and education 
Elizabeth Bragg was born into a wealthy family in San Francisco on April 23 1858. In her youth she showed great aptitude for mathematics and attended the high school that prepared students for the University of California at Berkeley.

Bragg received her degree in civil engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1876. Her thesis considered A Solution of a Peculiar Problem of Surveying.

Personal life 
After graduating, she became a teacher until her marriage to George Cumming in 1888, a civil engineer with the Southern Pacific Railroad Company and they had three sons.

Elizabeth Bragg Cumming died on 10 November 1929 age 71.

See also 

 Julia Morgan
 Emily Warren Roebling
 Elmina Wilson
 Bertha Lamme Feicht

References 

1858 births
1929 deaths
19th-century American engineers
American civil engineers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from San Francisco
19th-century American women engineers
Frogmore Paper Mill. Frogmore Paper Mill is a working paper mill situated in Apsley, Hertfordshire, near Hemel Hempstead. The mill is on an island in the River Gade, which forms part of the Grand Union Canal. It is the oldest mechanical paper mill in the world.

History
There are no surviving records documenting when a mill was first built on the current site, but it is recorded as being a corn mill in 1086 in the Domesday Book.  In 1289, the mill was used for fulling; removing oil and other impurities from woolen cloth.  It returned to milling grain, then became a fulling mill once more, then finally it had become a paper mill by 1774.  The world's first mechanised paper machine was installed at Frogmore Mill in 1803 funded by Sealy and Henry Fourdrinier and engineered by Bryan Donkin, based upon a design by Nicolas-Louis Robert. This machine allowed continuous automated production of paper rolls.  Unfortunately the £60,000 costs of developing the paper machines meant that the Fourdrinier brothers were bankrupted by 1810. 

For most of the 19th century, the mill was owned by the Grand Junction Canal, predecessor of the Grand Union Canal.  In 1851, the chemical production of paper from wood (now known as soda pulp), used in newspapers, began at the mill.  From 1853 to 1887 the mill was linked to Two Waters Mill, also near Hemel Hempstead. In 1890, the British Paper Company was founded and took over operations at the mill; it fully purchased the premises in 1929.

In 2000 the British Paper Company ceased operations and the Apsley Paper Trail was opened to the public.

In 2008 a visitor centre was built with financial support from the Heritage Lottery Fund.  The visitor centre was badly damaged in a fire in January 2022.

Operations

The mill is run by The Apsley Paper Trail, a charitable organisation, and operated as a visitor, education and community use centre.  Eleven full-time staff are employed at the mill.  It has been used for various theatrical productions, including the rock musical Rent.

References 
Citations

Sources

External links 
 
 The British Paper Company's Frogmore Mill – Papers in The National Archives

Watermills in Hertfordshire
Local Rapid Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions System. The Local Rapid Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions (L-REAC) System was a computerized weather sensor system designed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) that became operational in 2011.

Purpose 
The system was designed to warn soldiers and civilians of airborne threats, such as chemical attacks or toxic spills. The purpose of L-REAC was to provide wind monitoring and modeling, which acted as a decision aid for soldiers facing environmental hazards.

History 
A research meteorologist at ARL developed the first L-REAC prototype. After conducting a survey of commercially available technology from 2003–2007, ARL identified a need for a local atmospheric assessment system. Three studies conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, in the early 2000s revealed a requirement for emergency first responders to have up-to-date atmospheric information on local conditions.

During the mid 2000s, it was also reported that U.S. Army soldiers stationed in Iraq were experiencing toxic fumes while working near burn pits. The L-REAC concept was produced from 2009-2011 at White Sands Missile Range as part of a study investigating the airflow around an urban building and small building clusters.

In June 2017, ARL licensed the technology to Diamond B Technology Solutions in Billings, Montana. Rebranded as LR-x, the system assisted in tracking environmental emergencies, such as wildfire smoke during fire suppression efforts.

Operation 
The L-REAC provided 3D weather models that generated wind field and plume outputs, displaying near real-time meteorological data on a map background.  The models included terrain and buildings, and displayed danger zones and weather conditions (i.e. wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and relative humidity).

References 

2011 establishments in the United States
Weather prediction
United States Army equipment
Pindimedu Waterfalls. Pundimedu Waterfalls is situated in dense forest, 8 kilometers away from Pooyamkutty town of Kuttampuzha Grama Panchayath, 44 kilometres from Kothamangalam town in the Ernakulam district of Kerala. This is the highest waterfall in Kerala. It is in the Karinthiri river, a tributary of the Periyar river. In 1981, KSEB had designed a Rs 250-crore project to build a hydro-electric power plant that is similar to the Idukki dam with a capacity of 1000 megawatts. Then the Chief Minister AK Antony tried to implement the project in 2001 with the new design being transformed into a 210 MW capacity, but the Government of India abandoned the project due to the government's environmental economic problems. With the arrival of the Mohanlal starred film Pulimurugan, the whole of Kerala has gained fame.

References

Waterfalls of Kerala
Ernakulam district
The Order of Time (book). The Order of Time () is a book by Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli, a specialist in quantum gravity research, about time in physics. An audiobook, four hours and nineteen minutes long, was read by Benedict Cumberbatch.

Contents 
The Order of Time is divided into four sections, covering the theory of relativity, space-time, loop quantum gravity, and thermodynamics. The first section, The Crumbling of Time, opens with Rovelli explaining time, which is considered as a fourth dimension in space-time. He then discusses Ludwig Boltzmann's concept of entropy, which never decreases, and its role in thermodynamics and Bayesian probability theory, which Rovelli described as "the only equation of fundamental physics that knows any difference between past and future", and concluded that the direction of time is lost. In the second part, The World without Time, Rovelli writes that events constitute the universe instead of particles, and introduces the concept of quanta of time in loop quantum gravity. The final section, The Sources of Time, proposes that the apparent flow of time is due to the inability to observe all the microscopic details of the world.

Reception 
Book Marks reported that the book received "positive" reviews based on 7 critic reviews with 2 being "rave" and 5 being "positive". Writing for The Guardian, Ian Thomson praised the "lucid" writing, translation, and compared it to Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, describing it as a "a deeper, more abstruse meditation" but "jargon-free". Cosmologist Anthony Aguirre, in a generally positive review, noted that some portions of the book "occupy a frustrating ground between too technical and not technical enough". Literary Review noted Rovelli's skill for presenting complex and even unexplainable concepts in an accessible form, "the brevity and elegance of which belie its depth."

Film adaptation

In 2023, a freely inspired film adaptation of Rovelli's work will be released. It was directed by Liliana Cavani, from a screenplay written by Cavani and Paolo Costella in collaboration with Carlo Rovelli. The film tells the story of a gathering of old friends at a seaside villa who soon discover that the world might be ending within the space of a few hours.

References

2017 non-fiction books
Penguin Books books
Italian non-fiction books
Physics books
Non-fiction books adapted into films
Books by Carlo Rovelli
Ros Roca. Ros Roca SA is a Spanish manufacturer of waste management machinery managed from Tàrrega, Catalonia, Spain and is a subsidiary of Terberg RosRoca Group.

Ros Roca was founded in 1953 by Ferran Ros and Ramon Roca i Sala. They manufactured agricultural equipment and machinery and soon expanded into water collection equipment. 

Today Ros Roca's products include: refuse collectors, bin washers, water spraying tankers, sweepers, pavement washers, sewer equipment and trash compactors for waste treatment plants and street cleaning.

Ros Roca Environment
Ros Roca Environment, established in 2007, incorporated the following businesses: Ros Roca (Spain), Dennis Eagle (UK), Usimeca (Brazil, Chile and Mexico), Eurovoirie (France), HS (HN(Huffermann) Schorling) Fahrzeugbau (Germany) and Resitul (Portugal).

Following the merger with Terberg Environmental in 2016, Ros Roca Environment's subsidiaries are now part of the Terberg Ros Roca Group.

Terberg RosRoca Group
Terberg RosRoca Group, established in 2016, is managed from Warwick, England where Ros Roca's former subsidiary, Dennis Eagle, is located.  

Terberg Group B.V. holds the controlling share of Terberg RosRoca.

Terberg RosRoca Group was formed by merging the Environmental division of Terberg Group of the Netherlands, Terberg Environmental and Ros Roca Environment. The component subsidiaries retained their trading names.

When the merger was arranged, Terberg RosRoca Group had 1,300 employees around the world and annual turnover of  €385 million. There were production plants in  the UK, Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Brazil and China.

References

Truck manufacturers of Spain
Waste collection vehicles
Companies based in Catalonia
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1953
1953 establishments in Catalonia