omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ram Prakash Singh. Ram Prakash Singh (known as Prof. R. P. Singh) was an Indian scientist, educator and researcher. He works as Emeritus Scientist at IISER Pune. He is known for his works as Vice-Chancellor Lucknow University (years - 2005 to 2008) and as Professor and Head, Materials Science Centre, IIT Kharagpur. He was an alumnus of Glasgow University, Liverpool University and Allahabad University.

Career 
Singh was working on Polymer Science and Engineering - a part of Materials Science. He has research and teaching experience in India, United States, Iraq, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia.

He had 11 patents in his name. His research papers were published in International Journals. He published more than 200 peer reviewed papers. 

He had more than 51 years of research experience in the field of Polymers and Materials Science. His current research is focused on Polymer solar cells.

Recognition 

 2005 Flory Award

References

He has got more than 10000 citations to his credit.

University of Allahabad alumni
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
IIT Kharagpur
Indian materials scientists
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Lucknow
Year of birth missing (living people)
German submarine U-1221. German submarine U-1221 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Design
German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-1221 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1221 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a  SK C/30 as well as a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

Service history
U-1221 was ordered on 25 August 1941 from Deutsche Werft, AG in Hamburg under the yard number 384. Her keel was laid down on 28 October 1942 and the U-boat was launched the following year on 26 May 1943. She was commissioned into service under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl Kölzer (Crew 31) in the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 11 August 1943.

On 20 January 1944, Kölzer handed over command to Oberleutnant zur See Paul Ackermann (Crew XII/39), who took her on her first—and only—patrol in the West Atlantic from 20 August until 28 November 1944.

During an air raid by Eighth Air Force on Kiel, U-1221 was hit by two bombs in the fore-ship on 3 April 1945. The U-boat sank immediately, taking the skeleton crew of 18 with her. Seven of her crew perished, while the rest was rescued through the stern torpedo tubes the next day.

References

Bibliography

World War II submarines of Germany
German Type IX submarines
1943 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1945
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
Maritime incidents in April 1945
Jack L. Koenig. Jack L. Koenig (1933–2021) was an American chemical engineer noted for pioneering spectroscopic methods of polymer characterization. He played a significant role in developing characterization methods to provide fundamental structure-property relationships for polymers used in thermoplastic and thermoset systems.

Koenig was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2000 for applications of spectroscopic methods of polymeric materials.

Education
Koenig earned his B.A. in Chemistry and Mathematics from Yankton College and his M.S. and Ph.D. in theoretical chemistry from the University of Nebraska.

Career
Before joining the faculty at Case Institute of Technology in 1963, he worked for a short time at DuPont on spectroscopic methods for characterizing polymers.

Early in his career he was mentored by Goodyear medalist Prof. J. Reid Shelton.

He is known for inventing the infrared method of measuring branches in polyethylene and for the method of determining the molecular weight of insoluble PTFE polymers. Both of his methods are now ASTM standard test methods.

Koenig was promoted to the position of J. Donnell Institute Endowed Chair in the Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH in 1990. He retired in 2004 as a professor emeritus from Case Western Reserve University.

Honors and awards 
1970 - American Physical Society Fellow
1984 - Pittsburgh Society Spectroscopy Award
1986 - Alexander Von Humboldt Award for Senior U.S. Scientists
2000 - Charles Goodyear Medal
2000 - Elected to the National Academy of Engineering (U.S.)
2006 - Plastics Academy Hall of Fame

Publications 
Koenig published 542 articles. His most highly cited articles are:

 Miller-Chou, B.A., Koenig, J.L. "A review of polymer dissolution." Progress in Polymer Science (Oxford), 2003, 28(8), pp. 1223–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(03)00045-5
Mathlouthi, M., Koenig, J.L. "Vibrational spectra of carbohydrates." Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1987, 44(C), pp. 7–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60077-3
Tuinstra, F., Koenig, J.L. "Characterization of Graphite Fiber Surfaces with Raman Spectroscopy." Journal of Composite Materials, 1970, 4(4), pp. 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/002199837000400405
Chiang, C.-H., Ishida, H., Koenig, J.L. "The structure of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane on glass surfaces." Journal of Colloid And Interface Science, 1980, 74(2), pp. 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(80)90209-X
Ishida, H., Wellinghoff, S.T., Baer, E., Koenig, J.L. "Spectroscopic Studies of Poly[N,N'-bis(phenoxyphenyl)pyromellitimide]. 1. Structures of the Polyimide and Three Model Compounds." Macromolecules, 1980, 13(4), pp. 826–834. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60076a011

External links
 Audio interview with Jack Koenig

References

Place of birth missing
1933 births
2021 deaths
Polymer scientists and engineers
Yankton College alumni
University of Nebraska alumni
ELENA reactor. The ELENA reactor is a compact Russian pressurized water reactor (PWR) of 68-kWe generating capacity currently being developed by the Kurchatov Institute. To develop the reactor, techniques were used derived from the construction and operation of marine and space power plants and the operational experience of the GAMMA reactor. 

It is intended for use in remote areas, towns with a population of
1500–2000, or individual consumers requiring a highly reliable power supply, such as hospitals.

The reactor can also be used for water desalination. As of 2014, it is the smallest commercial nuclear reactor being developed.

The principal of its development are Kurchatov Institute, Krasnaya zvezda, Izhorskiye Zavody, Atomenergoproekt and VNIINT (ВНИИНМ, Высокотехнологический научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов имени академика А.А. Бочвара).

See also
 Nuclear power
 Small modular reactor
 List of nuclear reactors
 List of United States Naval reactors
 List of Soviet Naval reactors
 List of Russian small nuclear reactors

References 

Nuclear reactors
List of Groupe Bull products. The following is a list of products from the French-owned computer hardware and software company Groupe Bull.

Computer hardware 
 Bull Gamma series
Gamma 3 (1952)
Gamma 55 (1967) (also known as GE 55)
Gamma 60 (1960)
Gamma 30  (1964) (RCA 301)
 Gamma M 40 (1965)
 Gamma 10 (1966)
 CAB 500 (1961, sold under license from Société d'Electronique et d'Automatisme)
 Série 300 TI (1962)
 GE-600 series (1965)
 GE 400 (1967)
 GE 115 (1966)
 GE-265 (1968)
 CII Iris 50 (1968)
 CII Mitra 15 (1970)
 GE 58 (1970)
 CII Iris 80 (1971)
 CII Iris 60 (1972)
 Honeywell H200 (1970)
 HB 2000 (1973)
 Micral (1973)
 Mini6 (1978)
 CII HB 64/40 (1976)
 CII HB 66/60 (1976)
 CII HB 61 DPS (1978)
Bull DS800 (2007)
Bull DPS series
 DPS 4 (1980)
 DPS 7 and DPS 7000 (1981)
 DPS 6 series (1983)
 DPS 8 (1984)
DPS 6 Plus and DPS 8000 (1987) 
DPS 9000 (1999)
 Bull DPX series
Bull DPX 2 (1992)
Bull DPX 20
SM 90 (1981)
 Correlative Syst. 1982
 SPS7 and SPS9
 Bull Escala (1994)
 Bull NovaScale (2004)
Novascale bullion (2010)
 Bull bullx (2009)
Bull Estrella
Bull Series 4000 Printing System (1988)

Mobile phones 
In October 2013 Groupe Bull introduced the Hoox line of cellular phones with enhanced encryption and biometric authentication  targeting security-conscious users.

Models:
 Hoox m1 mobile phone
 Hoox m2 smartphone

Computers on the TOP500 list 

As of June 2012 Bull has 16 machines on the TOP500 supercomputer list

References

Groupe Bull products
Groupe Bull products
Groupe Bull
Groupe Bull
Bugs (2014 film). Bugs () is a 2014 Chinese 3D science fiction disaster thriller film directed by Yan Jia. It was released on October 10.

Plot 

In the near future, due to huge demand for protein, synthetic protein is rapidly developed around the world. James, a fanatic geneticist, has managed to raise superbugs that can provide high-quality protein at low-cost.
However, the reproduction of the bugs goes out of control. They break out of the tubes, devour scientists, and turn into giant monsters. Numerous monster bugs hankering after men's flesh and blood swarm into the sea.
Meanwhile, there's a rave party going on by the beach, and the participants have no idea the bugs are coming. The bugs keep reproducing and eventually cause a tsunami. The young people enjoying the party suddenly get ripped up and eaten. The bugs turn the beautiful beaches into a horrible sea of blood.
Some guys are bold enough to jump onto the ship where the bug queen is at, hope to end the war by killing it. They know – if they don't succeed, mankind will be doomed...

Cast
Xia Zitong
Zhang Zilin
Eric Wang
Sphinx Ting Yoshi Sudraso and  Casey Burgess

Reception
By October 11, the film had earned ¥7.74 million at the Chinese box office.

References

2014 science fiction films
2010s science fiction thriller films
2014 3D films
2014 films
Chinese 3D films
Chinese disaster films
Chinese science fiction thriller films
Rahmon Ade Bello. Rahmon Ade bello (born October 1948) is a Nigerian professor of Chemical Engineering, educational administrator and former vice chancellor of the University of Lagos, Nigeria.

Early life and education
Rahmon was born in October 1948 in Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria. He was educated at Egbado College in Ilaro, a town in Ogun State. He proceeded to the Polytechnic of Ibadan, where he received an OND in mechanical engineering. In 1974, he obtained a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree in chemical engineering from the Obafemi Awolowo University. He holds a master's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Waterloo and doctorate degree (Ph.D.) from the same university

Career
He was appointed as the acting vice chancellor of the University of Lagos in May 2012 following the sudden death of the then incumbent vice chancellor, professor Babatunde Adetokunbo Sofoluwe, who died of heart attack in 2012. In November 2012, Rahmon was confirmed as the vice chancellor of the university, a position he held till November 2017.

He is a fellow of several professional bodies like the Nigerian Academy of Engineering, Nigerian Society of Engineers, Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers and a COREN registered engineer.

References

See also
Babatunde Adetokunbo Sofoluwe
List of vice chancellors in Nigeria
University of Lagos

Nigerian educational theorists
1948 births
Yoruba academics
People from Ogun State
Obafemi Awolowo University alumni
University of Waterloo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Lagos
Living people
Nigerian engineers
The Polytechnic, Ibadan alumni
Vice-chancellors of the University of Lagos
Perpetuity (sculpture). Perpetuity is an outdoor 1970 sculpture by Alexander von Svoboda, located in Portland, Oregon.

Description and history

Perpetuity is a sculpture by Alexander von Svoboda, completed in 1970. It consists of a bronze "seedling" inside a hollowed-out cross section of a , Giant Sequoia tree. The seedling is suspended by bronze shafts that pierce the wood and extend several feet beyond, creating a "sunburst" effect. The sculpture measures approximately  x  x , has a  diameter, and weighs 13.5 tons. It rests on a concrete base which measures approximately  x  x .  The Smithsonian Institution categorizes the piece as abstract and allegorical ("time", "eternity").

According to Svoboda, the work symbolizes "growth, regeneration and the perpetual cycle of life". Smithsonian offers the following remark by Svoboda: "This is perpetual, the beginning and end of life, or to say it another way, there is no end and no beginning..." The sculpture was surveyed and considered "treatment urgent" by Smithsonian's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993. By then, the sculpture was owned by the World Forestry Center and installed in front of its Merlo Hall, having been donated by Standard Insurance Company.

See also
 1970 in art
 The Quest (1970) by Svoboda, installed in front of Portland's Standard Insurance Center

References

1970 establishments in Oregon
1970 sculptures
Abstract sculptures in Oregon
Allegorical sculptures in Oregon
Bronze sculptures in Portland, Oregon
Outdoor sculptures in Southwest Portland, Oregon
Perp
Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)
Wooden sculptures in Oregon
RadView Software. RadView Software develops and offers enterprises test automation solution (Radview TestAutomation) and load testing tool and performance monitoring (Radview WebLoad) for web and mobile applications that allows companies to accelerate the development and deployment of their Web and Mobile applications and enables the implementation of their strategies involving their Websites. As of August 26, 2021, it had licensed its software to over 3,500 organizations.

Products 
RadView WebLOAD is a load testing and analysis tool that combines performance, scalability, and integrity as a single process for the verification of web applications. It scales to hundreds of thousands of virtual users, making it possible to test massive loads and report bottlenecks, constraints, and weak points within an application.

In 2021, RadView added RadView TestAutomation to its portfolio of products – an AI-based Test Automation solution through its acquisition of Shield34, an AI-based Test Automation company. 

Radview TestAutomation is an intelligent Selenium-based platform for fast, easy, and reliable testing of web applications. It accelerates test development,  cuts script maintenance work, eliminates redundant test failures, and shortens the time to reproduce and fix failed tests. Radview TestAutomation is fully compatible with Selenium, which allows the execution of any existing Selenium-based scripts immediately with no migration effort.

History 

RadView was founded in 1993 by Ilan Kinreich, former co-founder of Mercury Interactive. In 1996, the company launched WebLOAD to meet the need for testing web and mobile applications under load peak conditions. In August 2000, RadView completed an initial public offering, followed by private financing from Fortissimo Capital, Meitav, and others. In April 2021, RadView acquired an AI-based Test Automation company, adding RadView TestAutomation to its portfolio of products.

See also
Load testing
Test automation
Cloud testing
Artificial intelligence
Software performance testing
WebLOAD
Soak testing
Stress testing
Web testing

References

External links 
RadView Homepage

Software testing
Quality assurance
Load testing tools
Software companies of the United States
Len Bass. Leonard Joel (Len) Bass (born c.1943) is an American software engineer, Emeritus professor and former researcher at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI), particularly known for his contributions  on software architecture in practice.

Biography
Bass received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Purdue University in 1970 under the supervision of Paul Ruel Young with the thesis, entitled "Hierarchies based on computational complexity and irregularities of class determining measured sets."

Bass was appointed Professor of Computer Science at the University of Rhode Island in 1970. In 1986, he moved to the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, where he started as head of the user-interface software group, and later focused on the analysis of software architectures. Since 2011, he has been Senior Principal Researcher at NICTA (National ICT Australia).

Len Bass was awarded the Software Development Magazine'''s Jolt Productivity Award twice in 1999 and 2003.

Selected publications
Books
 Bass, L., Clements, P., Kazman, R. (1st ed. 1998, 2nd ed. 2003, 3rd ed. 2012, 4th ed. 2022). Software Architecture in Practice. Pearson Education
 Clements, P., Bass, L., Garlan, D., Ivers, J., Little, R., Nord, R., Stafford, J. (1st ed. 2002, 2nd ed. 2011). Documenting software architectures: views and beyond. Pearson Education.
 Bass, L., Weber, I., Zhu, L. (2015). DevOps: A Software Architect's Perspective. Addison-Wesley Professional.

Articles and reports, a selection:
 Kazman, R., Bass, L., Webb, M., & Abowd, G. (1994, May). "SAAM: A method for analyzing the properties of software architectures." In Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Software engineering (pp. 81–90). IEEE Computer Society Press.
 Abowd, G., Bass, L., Clements, P., Kazman, R., & Northrop, L. (1997).Recommended Best Industrial Practice for Software Architecture Evaluation(No. CMU/SEI-96-TR-025). Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Pa Software Engineering Inst.
 Kazman, R., Abowd, G., Bass, L., & Clements, P. (1996). "Scenario-based analysis of software architecture." IEEE Software, 13(6):47–55.

Presentations
 Bass, L. [lenbass]. (2016, July 31). Networking [Video file]. 
 Bass, L. [lenbass]. (2016, July 30). Virtual Machine'' [Video file].

References

External links
 Len Bass at the Software Engineering Institute
 Len Bass at NICTA

Living people
Purdue University alumni
University of Rhode Island faculty
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
American software engineers
American computer scientists
American expatriates in Australia
1940s births
20th-century American scientists
21st-century American scientists
Robo Surf. Robo Surf is a 2011 endless runner game developed by Swedish indie studio Pieces Interactive. The game was released on June 1, 2011, for iOS and Android.

Gameplay and release
In Robo Surf, the player controls the height of the waves. Controlling a robot, the player must collect oil barrels to fill up a speed meter while avoiding gulls. The player continues until they hit an obstacle or crash into the ocean. The game was released for iOS and Android on June 1, 2011.

Reception

The game has a "generally favorable" rating on Metacritic based on four critics.

Modojo said "Most importantly, the game's a ton of fun and shockingly addictive. It literally came out of nowhere. Kudos to Pieces Interactive for releasing such a well-designed and cool App guaranteed to consume hours of our lives." PocketGamerUK wrote " Solid, simple, and effective controls are the basis for an entertaining one-touch experience. " TouchArcade said "Robo Surf is lighthearted and fun, with enough hooks to turn it from a momentary distraction to one of my new favorites. " Multiplayer.it said "The gameplay of Robo Surf is simple and intuitive, but unfortunately not so addictive, while the lack of variety and unlockable contents might discourage the player. Anyway, it's still a fun game and the cameos from Iji and Blueberry Garden are two nice touches." AppAdvice reported "It has a 4.5-star rating with a total of 226 ratings."

References 

2011 video games
Action games
Android (operating system) games
Endless runner games
Indie games
IOS games
Pieces Interactive games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Broadbottom Viaduct. Broadbottom Viaduct (also known as Etherow or Mottram Viaduct) is a railway viaduct that spans the River Etherow between Derbyshire and Greater Manchester in England. Originally of wooden construction supported by stone piers, the timber was replaced first with wrought iron box girders, less than 20 years after the viaduct's opening, later followed by steel trusses and more supporting piers.

History and design
Broadbottom Viaduct is one of two similar viaducts  apart (the other being the much longer Dinting Viaduct) on the Glossop Line, which connects several villages in north-west Derbyshire with Manchester Piccadilly station. Both viaducts are significant for their height and the distance between their columns. Broadbottom is  high,  long, and has three main spans, which carry the railway over a gorge formed by the River Etherow.

Built by Joseph Locke and A. S. Jee for the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway, the foundation stone of Broadbottom Viaduct was laid by John Chapman on 17 February 1842. Then on 10 December that same year trains ran from Godley to Broadbottom.

The viaduct itself was originally of a laminated timber construction with three arches (of unequal lengths) supported on piers of locally quarried stone. Each arch span had three parallel ribs, of which the middle rib was considerably heavier than the other two. The timberwork deteriorated, and was replaced with hollow wrought iron box girders which were fabricated on-site by contractors William Fairbairn & Sons while the viaduct continued in use. The girders were carried onto the bridge on bogies before being lowered onto the existing supporting piers. The work was completed by the end of 1859 after a little over six months; similar work carried out on Dinting Viaduct was completed in 1860, having had minimal effect on train services. Railway historian Gordon Biddle described the wrought iron construction as "less majestic" than the original, but "still impressive".

At some point, the wrought iron box girders were supplemented with riveted steel truss girders. Further remedial work was carried out in 1919; by then, the weight of modern trains necessitated the strengthening of Broadbottom and Dinting viaducts. Three red brick intermediate piers, of which one is in the river, were built to better support the girders.

See also

Listed buildings in Longdendale
List of railway bridges and viaducts in the United Kingdom

References

Railway viaducts in Derbyshire
Railway viaducts in Greater Manchester
Bridges completed in 1842
Grade II listed bridges in Greater Manchester
Grade II listed buildings in Derbyshire
1842 establishments in England
Schoenflies displacement. Schoenflies (or Schönflies) displacement (or motion) named after Arthur Moritz Schoenflies is a rigid body motion consisting of linear motion in three dimensional space plus one orientation around an axis with fixed direction.  In robotic manipulation this is a common motion as many pick and place operations require moving an object from one plane and placing it with a different orientation onto another parallel plane (e.g., placement of components on a circuit board). These robots are commonly called Schoenflies-motion generators.

Because the SCARA manipulator was one of the first manipulators providing similar motion, this is often referred to as SCARA-type motion.  Today, many robotic manipulators, including some with parallel kinematic architecture, are used in industry for applications ranging from the manufacture of electronics to food processing and packaging industry.

See also
 Articulated robot
 Parallel manipulator
 SCARA
 Delta robot

References 

Industrial robots
Robot kinematics
Robotic manipulation