omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
CORSIM. TSIS-CORSIM is a microscopic traffic simulation software package for signal systems, highway systems, freeway systems, or combined signal, highway and freeway systems.  CORSIM (CORridor SIMulation) consists of an integrated set of two microscopic simulation models that represent the entire traffic environment.  NETSIM represents traffic on urban streets.  FRESIM represents traffic on highways and freeways. Microscopic simulation models the movements of individual vehicles, which include the influences of geometric conditions, control conditions, and driver behavior.  TSIS (Traffic Software Integrated System) is an integrated development environment that enables users to conduct traffic operations analysis.  Built using a component architecture, TSIS allows the user to customize the set of included tools, define and manage traffic analysis projects, define traffic networks and create inputs for traffic simulation analysis, execute traffic simulation models, and interpret the results of those models.

History 

NETSIM was originally developed under the name “Urban Traffic Control System” (UTCS-I) in the early 1970s. This program evolved under the direction of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and was later renamed NETSIM (abbreviated for NETwork SIMulation). FRESIM (abbreviated for FREeway SIMulation) is an enhanced and reprogrammed version of its predecessor, the INTRAS (INtegrated TRAffic Simulation) model. FRESIM simulates more complex freeway geometrics and provides a more realistic representation of traffic on a freeway than INTRAS.  In the 1990s NETSIM and FRESIM were combined to form CORSIM, and the first public release of CORSIM occurred in 1998.  Over the years, FHWA has provided significant funding for the development of TSIS-CORSIM and its various components.  Numerous universities and software companies have also participated in the development of CORSIM.  CORSIM continues to undergo further development, and is currently maintained by the University of Florida's McTrans Center.

Interoperability 

TSIS-CORSIM and TRANSYT-7F are now distributed together as one combined product.  TRANSYT-7F enhances the traffic signal analysis functionality of CORSIM.  CORSIM input files can also automatically be generated by the Highway Capacity Software (HCS) and other third-party products.

References

External links 
 Official manufacturer's homepage http://mctrans.ce.ufl.edu/
 CORSIM on the web http://mctrans.ce.ufl.edu/featured/tsis/
 Animation examples http://mctrans.ce.ufl.edu/featured/tsis/TRAFVUViewer.htm
Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume IV: Guidelines for Applying CORSIM Microsimulation Modeling Software https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/trafficanalysistools/tat_vol4/index.htm

See also 
Traffic flow

Simulation software
Microsimulation
List of generating stations in Prince Edward Island. This is a list of power stations in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Prince Edward Island has eight power stations, and is the only Canadian province without an active hydroelectric power station (the last, Knox's Dam ended commercial operation in the 1950s). The province is largely dependent on imported power from NB Power generation facilities in New Brunswick. Two submarine power lines provide more than 80% of the provincial load. Since the early 2000, the Island has promoted the province as an ideal location for developing wind farms.

Maritime Electric, a subsidiary of St. John's-based Fortis Inc., operates the integrated public utility serving most of the province, with the exception of the City of Summerside which has had a municipal electric utility in operation since 1920; the City of Summerside Electric Utility purchases power from sources such as NB Power that is transmitted to the city through Maritime Electric's network. Both utilities own and operate generating stations (mostly diesel but the largest operated by Maritime Electric uses heavy fuel oil); these plants are used as peakers or during emergencies.

Wind 

List of all wind farms in Prince Edward Island.

Fossil fuel

Notes and references

See also 
 Maritime Electric
 Electricity sector in Canada
 List of power stations in Canada

Lists of power stations in Canada
List of generating stations in Alberta. This is a list of electrical generating stations in Alberta, Canada.

In 2023 Alberta produced 74% of its electricity through natural gas. Alberta has a deregulated electricity market which allows a large number of private companies to participate in electricity production, particularly in the cases of cogeneration and renewable energy. Alberta's electricity mix is changing towards lower carbon intensity. As of 2013, Alberta's electricity was 52% coal, 38% natural gas and 10% renewable. Ten years later in 2023, this had changed to 74% gas, 8% coal, and 18% renewable. As of June 18, 2024, Capital Power announced that the last coal capable generator was now 100% natural gas-fueled and coal is no longer a source of electricity in Alberta. Alberta has a legislated goal of achieving 30% renewable electricity by 2030.

Fossil fuel

Natural gas

Renewable

Biomass, biogas, and waste heat recovery

Geothermal 
List of all geothermal power stations in Alberta. More than 388,500 MW of geothermal generation potential remains untapped, which is approximately 24 times Alberta's total installed generating capacity in 2019.

Hydroelectric
List of all hydroelectric power stations power plants in Alberta. More than 11,500 MW of hydroelectric potential remains untapped.

Wind

Solar

Storage

Battery

Flow battery

Pumped hydroelectric
List of all pumped hydroelectric storage plants in Alberta.

Geomechanical pumped
List of all geomechanical pumped storage plants in Alberta.

Historical

Coal
Partial list of retired coal power plants in Alberta. There are no active coal generating stations in Alberta.

See also

ATCO
EPCOR
TransAlta
TransCanada
Energy in Canada
List of power stations in Canada

Notes

References

Lists of power stations in Canada
Remote experiment. A remote experiment is a real experiment with real laboratory instruments and equipment that can be controlled by a computer through the internet. One or more remote experiments are accessible in remote laboratory. 

Remotely controlled experiments have become a widespread tool for teaching physics at the university level of education. When executing remote experiments the remote users can change system parameters, observe results in graphical form and/or by video transmission from webcam, and download the experimental results. Sometimes a booking system is available for remote experiments that allows the users to book time for access of remote experiment in advance. User operates remote experiment via graphical user interface. Remote experiments are positively evaluated by the learners.

Advantages of remote experiments
When compared to simulations in virtual laboratories and to experiments in the traditional laboratories, remotely controlled experiments have following advantages:
remote experiments can be carried out from anywhere in the world;
no time restriction since experiments are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week;
overcoming problems with limited laboratory capacity for numerous students; 
safe and secure operation of equipment without danger of user's injury;
remote experiments can be shared between education institutions as for example in labshare initiative.

Users of remote experiments
Remote experiments are a powerful technology which can be implemented in distance education to provide the learner hands-on experience. Remote experiments can be especially valuable for some groups of users:
learners with physical disabilities, who cannot intend traditional laboratory exercises; 
part-time students, who cannot intend traditional laboratory exercises;  
learners who are undergoing continued education (Lifelong learning) and have to integrate learning activities into their everyday schedule.

References

See also
 Remote laboratory

Science experiments
Y. Austin Chang. Y. Austin Chang (; 1932–2011) was a material engineering researcher and educator. He was  a Wisconsin Distinguished Professor Emeritus, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, and Fellow of ASM International.

Chang received his B.S. from University of California, Berkeley, and M.S. degree from University of Washington, Seattle, both in Chemical Engineering. He obtained his Ph.D. in metallurgy from UC-Berkeley.

He had been on the faculty of Materials Science and Engineering at University of Wisconsin–Madison since 1980. He was appointed Wisconsin Distinguished Professor in 1988 and currently the Wisconsin Distinguished Professor Emeritus. He served as chairs of two materials engineering departments at University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1971–77) and University of Wisconsin–Madison (1982–91) for a total of 15 years.

He also served as board member, vice president and the 2000 president of TMS, trustee of ASM  and  AIME, the national president of Alpha Sigma Mu and a National Honor Society for students in MS&E.

References

1932 births
2011 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee faculty
Scientists from Henan
Engineers from Henan
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Members of Academia Sinica
List of generating stations in Yukon. This is a list of electrical generating stations in Yukon, Canada.

The government-owned Yukon Energy Corporation is the main power generator, while Yukon Electrical Company, a subsidiary of Alberta-based ATCO, is in charge of distribution in most areas.

Yukon Energy facilities have a total capacity of 116 MW, including four hydroelectric generating stations, a two-turbine wind farm and 19 diesel-powered generators: eight in Whitehorse, two in Mayo, six in Dawson and three in Faro. Since the commission of a high-voltage power line linking the Mayo generating station to Dawson, the diesel generators are mainly used in emergencies. The territory is not connected to the North American power grid.

Hydroelectric 
List of all hydroelectric generating stations in Yukon.

Wind 

List of all wind farms in Yukon.

References

See also 
 Energy in Canada
 List of electrical generating stations in Canada

Lists of power stations in Canada
Power stations in Northern Canada
Energy in Yukon
Electrical generating Stations
Bryan Autoplane. The Bryan Autoplanes were a series of three experimental roadable aircraft.

Development
Leland Bryan built his roadable aircraft in the town of Milford, Michigan. As a roadable aircraft the aircraft was required to be registered by both the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) and the Michigan Motor Vehicle Administration (MMVA), with road propulsion provided by propeller thrust.

Design
The Bryan Model I was built with a welded steel tube fuselage frame, wings from a Briegleb BG-6 primary glider and a Crosley automobile engine, which was later replaced by a 40 hp Continental.

The Model II autoplane featured an extended Erco Ercoupe center-section, with a pusher engine at the rear of the fuselage nacelle, with twin tail booms supporting the tail section. The Ercoupe landing gear was used for the roadable operations, reaching up to 60 mph on the road. For storage and road transport the wings folded at two hinge lines.

Operational history
The Model I was approved for limited flight, in the experimental category. by the CAA, managing to accumulate 500 miles of road driving, and flying for the first time in 1953. The improved Model II achieved 80 hours of flight time and 4000 miles of road travel before a road accident. During repairs the Model II was rebuilt with two-seats becoming the Model III Autoplane, with a Continental A75 engine and convertible top motors, from a Chevrolet Corvair, to extend and fold the wings. After accumulating 70 hours of flight time and 1000 road miles, the Model III crashed during a flyby at the 1974 Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) airshow, at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, when an inadequately secured wing section parted company killing the designer. At the time of his death Leland Bryan was in the process of designing the Model IV Autoplane, based on a Rutan VariViggen.

Variants
Bryan Special
Alternative name for the Bryan Model I
Bryan Model I Autoplane
entered flight test in 1953
Bryan Model II Autoplane
1957 based on an Ercoupe fuselage with a double articulating wing.
Bryan Model III Autoplane
1970 a rebuild of the model II with single hinged wing articulation.
Bryan Model IV Autoplane

Specifications (Model II)

Notes

References

Roadable aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1953
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1950s United States civil utility aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Trust management (information system). In information system and information technology, trust management is an abstract system that processes symbolic representations of social trust, usually to aid automated decision-making process. Such representations, e.g. in a form of cryptographic credentials, can link the abstract system of trust management with results of trust assessment. Trust management is popular in implementing information security, specifically access control policies.

The concept of trust management has been introduced by Matt Blaze to aid the automated verification of actions against security policies. In this concept, actions are allowed if they demonstrate sufficient credentials, irrespective of their actual identity, separating symbolic representation of trust from the actual person.

Trust management can be best illustrated through the everyday experience of tickets. One can buy a ticket that entitles them e.g. to enter the stadium. The ticket acts as a symbol of trust, stating that the bearer of the ticket has paid for their seat and is entitled to enter. However, once bought, the ticket can be transferred to someone else, thus transferring such trust in a symbolic way. At the gate, only the ticket will be checked, not the identity of a bearer.

Overview
Trust management can be seen as a symbol-based automation of social decisions related to trust, where social agents instruct their technical representations how to act while meeting technical representations of other agents. Further automation of this process can lead to automated trust negotiations (e.g. see Winslett) where technical devices negotiate trust by selectively disclosing credential, according to rules defined by social agents that they represent. The definition and perspective on trust management was expanded in 2000 to include concepts of honesty, truthfulness, competence and reliability, in addition to trust levels, the nature of the trust relationship and the context.

Web Services Trust Language (WS-Trust) brings trust management into the environment of web services. The core proposition remain generally unchanged: the Web Service (verifier) is accepting a request only if the request contains proofs of claims (credentials) that satisfy the policy of a Web Service.

It is also possible to let technical agents monitor each other's behaviour and respond accordingly by increasing or decreasing trust. Such systems are collectively called Trust-Based Access Control (TBAC) and their applicability have been studied for several different application areas.

An alternative view on trust management questions the possibility to technically manage trust, and focuses on supporting the proper assessment of the extent of trust one person has in the other.

Trust management is also studied in specific IT-related field such as transportation.

Trust management is an important topic in online social network these days.

References

Computer ethics
Information systems
Information technology
Wiring Harness Manufacturer's Association. The Wiring Harness Manufacturer's Association is a trade group for American manufacturers of wiring harnesses, electronic cable assemblies, and cord sets, along with their suppliers and distributors. It publishes the widely used standard IPC/WHMA-A-620 Acceptability of Electronic Wire Harnesses and Cables jointly with IPC.

External links
 Official website

See also
 IPC, Association Connecting Electronics Industries (formerly the Institute for Printed Circuits)
 IPC/WHMA-A-620, Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies

References

Standards organizations in the United States
Trade associations based in the United States
Lung-on-a-chip. Lung-on-a-chip (LoC), also known as Lung Chips, are micro- and millifluidic organ-on-a-chip devices designed to replicate the structure and function of the human lung, mimicking the breathing motions and fluid dynamics that occur during inhalation and exhalation. LoCs represent the most promising alternative to replace animal testing.

Concept 
Huh et al. developed the first polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic system for culturing primary diseased small airway epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite its simplicity, this system successfully replicated crackling sounds associated with mechanical injury in the airway lumen.

The first LoC, published in the June 25, 2010, issue of Science, was developed by Dan Huh and Donald E. Ingber at the Wyss Institute using a microfabrication technique called soft lithography, which was pioneered by George M. Whitesides. A typical alveolus LoC comprises two microchannels primarily lined with epithelial cells on the apical side and endothelial cells on the basal side. Air is delivered to the lung lining cells, a culture medium flows in the capillary channel to mimic blood, and cyclic mechanical stretching is generated by a vacuum applied to the chambers adjacent to the cell culture channels to mimic breathing. The device is made using human lung and blood vessel cells and it can predict absorption of airborne nanoparticles and mimic the inflammatory response triggered by microbial pathogens. It can be used to test the effects of environmental toxins, absorption of aerosolized therapeutics, and the safety and efficacy of new drugs. 

Since the introduction of LoCs in 2010, numerous advancements have been made to develop valid, functional, and clinically relevant models.

Shortcoming 
The breathing movements in typical LoC such as Wyss platform occur in 2D, rather than the physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) format. Most organ-on-chip models, including LoC, are made from PDMS, which has several limitations. For example, the two-compartment platform chip, similar to the Wyss chip, is at least 10-15 times thicker than its in vivo counterpart (the commercial Wyss chip has a thickness of 50 µm according to its datasheet). This increased thickness is significant because it impedes the cross-talk between the two sides of the PDMS membranes.

The main issue with PDMS is its adsorption properties, which lead to unrealistic ADME and, consequently, inaccurate pharmacokinetics analysis. Other limitations of PDMS include biodegradation, leaching, cell delamination, and molecule absorption, all of which affect the accuracy and reliability of cell assays.

References

Lung
Biotechnology
Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation. The Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS) is a research centre at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.

ICAMS focuses on the development and application of a new generation of simulation tools for multi-scale materials modelling with the aim of reducing development cost and time for new materials. Within the approach taken by ICAMS, the different length scales that are relevant for materials - from the atomic structure to macroscopic properties of materials - are bridged by an interdisciplinary team of scientists from engineering, materials science, chemistry, physics and mathematics.

ICAMS is linked to the Institute of Materials (Ruhr University Bochum), the Department of Ferrous Metallurgy (RWTH Aachen University, Germany), the Institute of Materials Physics (Westphalian Wilhelms University) and the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH (Düsseldorf, Germany).

The institute hosts the international master's programme "Materials Science and Simulation".

Structure 

The structure of ICAMS reflects the hierarchical structure of materials. ICAMS hosts three departments:
Atomistic Modelling and Simulation,
Scale-Bridging Thermodynamic and Kinetic Simulation,
Micromechanical and Macroscopic Modelling

and three independent research group:
High-Performance Computing in Materials Science
Scale-Bridging Simulation of Functional Composites
Materials Informatics and Data Science

Their research is complemented by four external Advanced Study Groups:
Modelling (Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH),
Input Data and Validation (Ruhr University Bochum),
Processing and Characterization (RWTH Aachen University),
Diffusion and Microstructure Analysis (Westphalian Wilhelms University).

External links 

 
 ICAMS officially opened at Ruhr University: Materials research center starts work, Innovations Report 06.06.2008

Research institutes in Germany
Ruhr University Bochum
2008 establishments in Germany
Research institutes established in 2008
ČD Class 380. The Class 380 is a tri-voltage electric locomotive manufactured by Škoda for Czech railways České dráhy.

History

The Class 380 is Škoda's entry into the modern electric locomotive market. Internally designated Type 109E, the locomotives were originally conceived in 2004 and designed for operation in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia as well as the Czech Republic. The 109E Škoda has a top speed of 200 km/h and is compatible with both AC and DC catenaries, as is expected of current multisystem locomotives. The locomotives are equipped to work on three electrification systems: 3 kV DC, 25 kV 50 Hz AC and 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC, drawing power from overhead lines.

In 2005 České dráhy (ČD) ordered 20 locomotives with delivery in 2009 and certifications for service in all of the above-mentioned countries. The first locomotive was not delivered until 2010 and lacked any national service certification (only trial service certification for the Czech Republic).  As a result, České dráhy refused to accept the locomotives.

In April 2013 the locomotive received the TSI certificate and in 2015 an arbitration court ruled on the protracted dispute between ČD and Škoda Transportation regarding the late delivery of the locomotives. While the German railway authority granted approval for the locomotives at up to 200km/h in Germany, their planned use on the Prague - Dresden - Berlin - Hamburg route never happened, with ČD choosing to lease Siemens Vectron locomotives instead.

Orders of similar locomotives

Despite the problems with the approval of CD locomotives, in 2013 Deutsche Bahn signed a contract with Skoda for 6 locomotives of 109E type, designated Class 102 in Germany. The contract was also for push-pull carriages to be deployed with the locomotives on RegionalExpress services on the Munich - Nuremberg High Speed Line. TSI Certification was granted for the trains in November 2018, almost two years after the expected start of service with the trains, with the expectation of services beginning in 2019.

See also

List of České dráhy locomotive classes
List of Škoda Transportation products

References

External links 
 Locomotive 109 E (ČD) on Skoda Transportation site 
 Locomotive 109 E (ZSSK) on Skoda Transportation site } 
 Comprehensive fansite 

3000 V DC locomotives
25 kV AC locomotives
15 kV AC locomotives
Electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Electric locomotives of Slovakia
Railway locomotives introduced in 2008
Škoda locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of the Czech Republic
Articles containing video clips
Standard gauge locomotives of Slovakia

Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe