omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ponnier M.1. The Ponnier M.1 was an early French World War I fighter aircraft Most of those produced were operated by the Aviation Militaire Belge.  They were deemed unusable by the Belgian ace Willy Coppens and rapidly retired.

Design and development
Avions Ponnier had attempted to win a pre-World War I contract from the French military with their 1913 Ponnier L.1 scout, designed by Alfred Pagny, but were not successful. After the start of the war, they returned with a new design, clearly informed by their experience with the L.1.  This aircraft, the M.1, was supposedly designed by Emile Dupont despite its similarities with the L.1; Dupont was later employed by the reformed Hanriot concern to design the 1916 Hanriot HD.1 fighter.

The Ponnier M.1 was a single bay biplane with a pair of parallel interplane struts on each side, braced with pairs of flying and landing wires.  There was mild stagger but no sweep or dihedral.  In plan the wings were almost rectangular; the lower plane was smaller both in span and chord.  Low aspect ratio ailerons were mounted on the upper planes only.

The M.1 was powered by an  le Rhône 9C nine cylinder rotary engine, fitted with a two blade propeller and an unusually large domed spinner, nearly identical in appearance to the casserôle found on the Morane-Saulnier Type N, which left only a small gap for cooling air between it and the almost complete cylindrical engine enclosure.  Behind the engine the fuselage was flat sided, with a curved upper decking.  The open single cockpit was at the wing trailing edge, and there were cut-outs in both planes to improve the pilot's view.  The fuselage tapered aft where the horizontal tail was mounted on top of the fuselage; the original tail surfaces were very small and without a fixed fin.  Later versions had an enlarged straight edged tailplane and split pair of angle tipped elevators, a wide chord fin and enlarged rudder.   The M.1 had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on a pair of V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons and wire cross braced. The only armament was a single Lewis gun, mounted well above the upper wing surface.

The M.1 made its first flight in 1915.

Operational history
Despite the loss of an early example in January 1916, at least twenty M.1s were produced by S.A. Française de Constructions Aéronautiques, Ponnier's successor company to Avions Ponnier. Most of these, probably more than eighteen, were bought by the Aviation Militaire Belge which according to their ace Willy Coppens found them ineffective despite modifications which included the larger empennage and spinner removal. Like the few examples which remained in France, where no unit was equipped with them, they were rapidly discarded.

Variants
Details from Green and Swanborough p. 479
M.1 The single-seat fighter.
M.2 A slightly larger two-seat version offered to the RFC, probably not built.

Operators

Belgian Air Force

Specifications

References

1910s French fighter aircraft
Biplanes
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
National Aircraft Factory. During World War I, the importance of military control of the air became evident. The United Kingdom government therefore sought to significantly increase aircraft manufacturing capacity. In 1917 the Ministry of Munitions, then headed by Winston Churchill, commissioned the construction of National Aircraft Factories to significantly boost the rate and scale of production.

Four factories were commissioned 

 National Aircraft Factory No. 1 at Waddon in Croydon, producing de Havilland DH.9
 National Aircraft Factory No. 2 at Heaton Chapel, Stockport, managed by Crossley Motors and producing de Havilland DH.9
 National Aircraft Factory No. 3 at Aintree, Liverpool, operated by Cunard to produce Bristol F.2 Fighters
 Ham near Kingston upon Thames, Surrey – leased and operated by Sopwith Aviation and producing Snipe, Dolphin and Salamander fighter planes. This, confusingly, was also referred to as National Aircraft Factory No. 2

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
SYM DD50. The SYM DD50 (also known as the SYM Jolie or City Trek or in some markets as Super Pure) is a single-cylinder, , oil injected two-stroke, automatic scooter manufactured by Taiwanese company SYM Motors.

Overview
The DD50 has continuously variable transmission, auto-choke, electric and kick start, and auto-lubrication to simplify operation. Along with a speedometer, the front console has a fuel level gauge, and low oil (two-stroke oil) indicator. The fuel tank holds up to  of fuel. The DD50 weighs  dry. The front brake is a hydraulic disc, while the rear  is a drum. The under-seat luggage compartment is suitable for helmet storage.

References
Footnotes

Sources
Sym Scoota Jolie Model
Info on web.archive.org 

Motor scooters
Motorcycles of Taiwan
Mopeds
Two-stroke motorcycles
Nano Assault Neo. Nano Assault Neo is a twin-stick multidirectional shooter developed and published by Shin'en Multimedia and released on the Nintendo eShop for the Wii U. It was a launch title for the system on 18 November 2012 in North America, and in PAL regions on 30 November 2012. It was released in Japan on 27 February 2013 by Arc System Works. It is the sequel to the 2011 Nintendo 3DS game Nano Assault.

The game was ported to the PlayStation 4 in 2014 under the title Nano Assault Neo X. It features improved visuals, including running at 1080p. It has the distinction of being Shin'en's first game to appear on a non-Nintendo console.

Gameplay
The object of the game is to eradicate the microscopic deadly Nanostray virus, before it wipes out humanity. Players pilot a small capsule over various body cells and are required to fire upon enemy virus particles. The game is divided into 4 clusters, each featuring 4 further levels, which the player must complete to unlock the next. Players can also collect tokens which can be used to purchase power-ups in-between levels, such as shields and special items. Online leaderboards are also featured. The game supports Off-TV Play. A co-operative local multiplayer mode allows for two people to play each level simultaneously, with one player using the Wii U GamePad and the other using a Pro Controller, Wii Remote and Nunchuk or Classic Controller, on the TV.

Reception
The game has received mainly positive and some mixed reviews, with a score on Metacritic of 71. Nintendo Life gave the game an 8/10, calling it "a great game that is a little light on content." IGN gave it a 9/10, strongly praising its graphics, calling it "a visual spectacle. Truly, wonderfully stunning." Eurogamer was much more critical, saying, "Nano Assault Neo is my least favourite kind of game; the kind that follows in others' footsteps with little to call its own."

Notes

References

External links
Official international site
Nintendo of America site
Nintendo UK site
Nintendo Australia site

2012 video games
Cooperative video games
Twin-stick shooters
Nintendo Network games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Network games
Science fiction video games
Video games about microbes
Video games developed in Germany
Wii U eShop games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Shin'en Multimedia games
Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn. Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn (11 November 1853 – 1927) was a German inventor.

Life 
Bruhn invented modern taximeter in Berlin. He worked for German company Westendarp & Pieper Hamburg. In 1920 he became leader of this company.
Bruhn was married and had three children. His daughter Adele married architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. His son Wolfgang Bruhn was an art historian.

Literature 

Zeitschrift für das gesamte Local- und Straßenbahn-Wesen, Bde. 8–10, Bergmann 1889, S. 158.
 Der Motorwagen. Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, 25:1922, S. 123.
 Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschifffahrt, Bd. 9:1918, S. XXIII

External links 
 Depatisnet:Bibliographische Daten (Deutsches Patent und Markenamt

References 

20th-century German inventors
Businesspeople from Lübeck
1853 births
1927 deaths
Edison–Lalande cell. The Edison–Lalande cell was a type of alkaline primary battery developed by Thomas Edison from an earlier design by Felix Lalande and Georges Chaperon. It consisted of plates of copper oxide and zinc in a solution of potassium hydroxide. The cell voltage was low (about 0.75 volts) but the internal resistance was also low so these cells were capable of delivering large currents.  The cell could be replenished with fresh zinc and copper oxide plates and KOH solution for reuse.

History

Lalande–Chaperon cell
In 1880, the manufacturer De Branville and Company of 25 rue de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, Paris exploited the patent of Lalande and Chaperon to build copper oxide batteries. In 1887, the French submarine Gymnote (Q1) was built. The boat was originally fitted with 540 Lalande–Chaperon alkaline cells which used zinc and copper oxide electrodes with potassium hydroxide electrolyte, manufactured by Coumelin, Desmazures and Baillache.

Edison–Lalande cell
Edison improved on the Lalande–Chaperon cell by replacing powdered copper oxide with copper oxide briquettes.

Poerscke–Wedekind cell
Another modification to the Lalande-type cell was patented by Heinrich Poerscke and Gustav Wedekind in 1905, British patent GB190416751. In this cell, the copper oxide depolarizer was pasted on the inside of a cast iron pot. When the depolarizer was exhausted, the cell was dismantled and the liquid was poured out. The pot was then heated in air to re-oxidize the deposited copper to copper oxide. The Neotherm cell, by Siemens, was similar.

Chemistry
The zinc anode dissolves (is oxidised) in the hydroxide solution to form zincate anions, consuming hydroxide ions in the process; electrons enter the external circuit:

 Zn0 + 4 OH− → [Zn(OH4)]2− + 2 e−

Half of the hydroxide ions are replenished by the hydration and reduction of the copper oxide cathode to copper metal by the electrons travelling in the external circuit:

 CuO + H2O + 2 e− → Cu0 + 2 OH−

The overall reaction is:

 Zn0 + 4 OH− + CuO + H2O → [Zn(OH4)]2− + Cu0 + 2 OH−

Applications
Applications for Lalande-type batteries included submarine power (see above), railway signalling. and powering Edison's electric fans and phonographs.

References

Battery types
Keith Car & Manufacturing Company. The Keith Car & Manufacturing Company is a former railroad car manufacturing company that was located in the village of Sagamore in Bourne, Massachusetts. Operational between 1846 and 1928, the plant employed up to 1,400 people at a time.

History
The company was founded in 1846 as Keith and Ryder and manufactured carriages, stage coaches, and prairie schooners. The company eventually switched to manufacturing rail cars, in a plant that stretched about a mile long. In the early 1900s, the plant employed hundreds of Italian immigrants, many of whom lived in the area. Following the creation of the Cape Cod Canal, the plant helped to manufacture coffins that would be used to inter recently relocated bodies that were in the path of the canal. In 1912, the company was purchased by the Standard Steel Car Company.

During this time, it was a large repair facility for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, as well as possibly being the largest employer on Cape Cod, employing up to 1,400 people at a time. The plant also was responsible for the design and patent of the 40-8 boxcar design used by many trains.

During World War I, the plant shipped 40,000 freight cars to Marseille, France, which were built under contract. German prisoners of war then helped to assemble them, placed them onto rail lines, and helped to bring an end to the conflict. In 1928, the company closed after eighty two years in business, and the plant was stripped for materials, after years of being a minor maintenance facility, staffed by a skeleton crew. The plant was demolished in the 1930s, following the second expansion of the Cape Cod Canal.

References

External links
Image of the plant's paint shop

Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts
Bourne, Massachusetts
Manufacturing companies established in 1846
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1928
1846 establishments in Massachusetts
1928 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Cape Cod Canal
Zeppelin Fliegende Panzerfaust. The Fliegende Panzerfaust, meaning 'flying tank fist' (literally 'Flying Armor Fist') in the German language, was a project for a Third Reich very-short-range interceptor designed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin.

The Fliegende Panzerfaust project was part of the Nazi propaganda-based Wunderwaffe ('wonder weapon') concept. It was proposed to the Emergency Fighter Program against the allied bombing raids over Nazi Germany in the last years of World War II.

Description

The Fliegende Panzerfaust was a rocket-powered design meeting the demand for a low-cost aircraft in a very-short-range interceptor role. It was a parasite aircraft meant to be towed behind a Messerschmitt Bf 109G for which it had a special long, "up-turned" nose for towing. Powered by six Schmidding SG 34 solid-fuel rocket engines, three on each side on the rear half of the fuselage, the Fliegende Panzerfaust was a small aircraft with an armored nose, a v-tail, a wingspan of 4.5 m and a length of 6.0 m.

This Zeppelin-built aircraft would have been released upon reaching combat altitude above the enemy bomber fleet. Shortly before contact with the combat box below it would ignite its engines, attacking the target bomber by firing two 73 mm RZ 65 air-to-air rockets at extremely close range.
 
Since after expending the fuel the center of gravity would have shifted substantially, making the aircraft too difficult to handle, the front half of the Fliegende Panzerfaust, which had the pilot lying in a prone position, would then separate from the other half. Both parts would land separately using parachutes, being later retrieved and reused. Owing to the extreme risks for the pilot inherent in its operation this aircraft is sometimes referred to as a suicide weapon.

Specifications

Replicas 

There is a Fliegende Panzerfaust replica on display at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach, Virginia.

See also

Bibliography
 Manfred Griehl & Joachim Dressel, Die Deutschen Raketenflugzeuge 1935-1945: Die Entwicklung einer umwalzenden Technik, Weltbild,

References

External links 

Fliegende Panzerfaust model

1940s German experimental aircraft
Rocket-powered aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
V-tail aircraft
BSRM. The Bangladesh Steel Re-Rolling Mills Ltd., commonly known as BSRM, is a Bangladeshi steel manufacturing company based in Chittagong. It is the largest construction steel manufacturer company in Bangladesh.

History 
In 1952, five businessman named Akberali Africawala, Alibhai Africawala, Taherali Africawala, Abdul Hussain Africawala, and Rajabali Africawala, set up the first BSRM steel re-rolling mill of the then East Bengal in Nasirabad, Chittagong. It started its journey with four manual rolling mills. In 1970 the manual rolling mills were replaced with the state-of-the-art Italian built rolling mill.

In 1996, the company installed and commissioned their billet casting plant under the name "Meghna Engineering Works Limited".

In July 2002, BSRM Group incorporated a new company, BSRM Steels Ltd, to fund and operate a turnkey re-rolling mill from Italian supplier Danieli. Construction of the plant began in 2005 on 11 acres just off the Dhaka-Chittaong Highway at Latifpur in Fouzderhat, Chittagong. It was completed at a cost of 3.7 billion Bangladeshi taka (equivalent to $54 million in 2008). The facility began commercial operation in April 2008 with an annual production capacity of 375,000 metric tons. On 18 January 2009, BSRM Steels Ltd was listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. As of 2019, holding company BSRM Ltd retained about 45% of the shares in BSRM Steels Ltd.

BSRM has a subsidiary in Hong Kong named BSRM (Hong Kong) Limited.

Controversy
In May 2019, Bangladesh National Board of Revenue (NBR) alleged that the company has drawn over USD 13 million from the government falsely claiming locally sold steel products as export goods which violates the duty drawbacks facilities that is only meant for material export.

In an investigation led by a team from the VAT intelligence unit of the NBR, it was found that two institutions of BSRM dodged VAT amounting to BDT 6.62 crore from July 2016 to June 2019. BSRM later paid the VAT, including interest, to the NBR in December 2021.

Between 2017 and 2018, BSRM was fined  by Department of Environment for destroying 1,05,000 square feet of hills in Mirsarai to make way for a power plant named Chittagong Power Company Limited.

See also
 GPH Ispat

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies established in 1952
Manufacturing companies based in Chittagong
Steel companies of Bangladesh
Companies listed on the Chittagong Stock Exchange
Companies in the DSE 30 Index
Bangladeshi brands
Gert Hildebrand. Gert Volker Hildebrand (born 22 August 1953 in Lörrach) is a German car designer  and since 2011 is Head of Design at Qoros.

After studying mechanical engineering at TH Karlsruhe, Hildebrand then studied industrial design at the Braunschweig University of Art from 1975 to 1979, he studied transportation design at Royal College of Art in London in 1980.

Career
Hildebrand began his career with Opel in 1980, where he worked on the 1983 Kadett E. In 1986 he joined Volkswagen as Head of Concept Design, overseeing the development of the Golf III.

In 1989 he joined 3M as a design leader and in 1995 returned to the Volkswagen Group to become Alternate Head of Exterior Design at Volkswagen from 1994 to 1998, and in addition Head of Design at the SEAT Centro Tecnico in Martorell, Spain, from 1995 to 1996.

Hildebrand was appointed Chief Designer at Mitsubishi Design Europe in 1997 where he worked for three years. In 2001 he became General Manager of Mini Design, leading the Mini Countryman, Clubman and Coupé models.

In 2011, Hildebrand joined the new Chinese Israeli joint venture Chery Quantum Automotive Corporation, now called Qoros, as Head of Design.

Notable designs

 Opel Kadett E
 Volkswagen Golf Mk3
 SEAT Leon
 Mini Countryman
 Mini Clubman
 Mini Coupé
 Qoros 3
 Qoros 5

References

1953 births
Living people
German automobile designers
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni
Volkswagen Group designers
Opel designers
BMW designers
Kathir College of Engineering. Kathir College of Engineering is an engineering college located in Neelambur Avinashi Road, Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, India. It is  from Coimbatore Junction railway station. The college has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and is affiliated to Anna University, Chennai.

The Kathir College of Engineering was established under the patronage of Lamika Educational and Charitable Trust in 2008 in Coimbatore under the ownership of E.S. Kathir S/O K.A.Sengottaiyan (Former Minister of School Education, Government of Tamil Nadu) The colleges offers five undergraduate and five postgraduate courses.

References
{https://www.kathir.ac.in}

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Coimbatore
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Wireless powerline sensor. A Wireless powerline sensor hangs from an overhead power line and sends measurements to a data collection system. Because the sensor does not contact anything but a single live conductor, no high-voltage isolation is needed.  The sensor, installed simply by clamping it around a conductor, powers itself from energy scavenged from electrical or magnetic fields surrounding the conductor being measured. Overhead power line monitoring helps distribution system operators provide reliable service at optimized cost.

Communication

In the photos on the right, an antenna on the sensor transmits data to a communication device attached to a nearby utility pole.  The communication device gets power from the 240 volt utility line in a residential neighborhood.  The device has two antennas.  One antenna collects data from the sensors, and the other antenna forwards the data to the electrical utility control center over cell phone service.

In some systems, powerline sensors may transmit information on the high voltage conductor itself rather than by transmission of a radio signal.

Measurements
The primary purpose of a powerline sensor is to measure current, however, some sensors can either directly measure or derive other data such as:

Conductor temperature
Ambient temperature
Inclination or the amount of line sagging
Wind movement
Electric fields
Power Generation
Distribution and Consumption of electricity

See also
Energy management system
List of wireless sensor nodes
Sensor node
Supervisory control and data acquisition
Wireless sensor network

References
6. Patel N., Kumar S. (2017),. "Enhanced Clear Channel Assessment for Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE 802.15. 4", Springer       

Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 95, No. 4, pp 4063–4081. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11277- 017-4042-5

External links

A Wireless Sensors Suite for Smart Grid Applications
Power Line Monitoring for Energy Demand Control 
Specifications for a commercially available product 

Electric power distribution
Wireless sensor network
Electric power transmission systems
UPRM College of Engineering. The UPRM College of Engineering is one of four colleges of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. This school is also the largest of its kind in Puerto Rico, with an enrollment of about 5,000 undergraduate students and about 400 graduates. It is the main producer of Hispanic engineers in the United States of America, according to the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE).

Academics

Departments
The School of Engineering currently consists of seven departments:

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Computer Science and Engineering Department 
Civil Engineering and Surveying Department
 Engineering Science and Materials Department
Industrial Engineering Department
Mechanical Engineering Department
Chemical Engineering Department

References

External links
 College of Engineering Official Site
 Official Site of the Computer Science and Engineering Department
 Official Site of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
 Official Site of the Engineering Science and Materials Department
 Official Site of the Civil Engineering and Surveying Department
 Official Site of the Mechanical Engineering Department
 Official Site of the Industrial Engineering Department
 Official Site of the Chemical Engineering Department

University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
Engineering universities and colleges
System Independent Data Format. The System Independent Data Format (SIDF) is a file system specification for removable media that was designed to achieve storage interoperability and to allow data interchange among software and hardware platforms.  The data format was originally developed in 1990 by Tom Bogart while at Novell. In 1992, the System Independent Data Format (SIDF) committee, an industry consortium, was formed by Gary Mazzaferro while at Tallgrass Technologies to enhance the format. The SIDF committee included most data backup and archival software vendors at the time. In 1993, the specification was submitted to ECMA and adopted as an international standard by ECMA in December, 1994.

See also 

 List of archive formats
 Comparison of archive formats

References

Computer file formats
Computer storage media
Ecma standards