omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Michael Lane (engineer). Michael Lane (26 October 1802 – 27 February 1868) was a British civil engineer who served as the Chief Engineer of the Great Western Railway (GWR). A protégé of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, he worked with both Brunel and Brunel's father Marc on various projects before joining the younger Brunel on the GWR. He eventually succeeded that Brunel as the railway's Chief Engineer, serving in the position for nearly eight years before his death.

Biography
Born in Shadwell, London, Lane began his career in 1825 working on the construction of the Thames Tunnel in nearby Wapping, under Sir Marc Brunel and his son Isambard. The project nearly cost him his life when the tunnel was breached and suddenly flooded in May 1827. According to an account published by Isambard's son, Lane rose from the post of foreman bricklayer to become one of Isambard's most trusted assistants, due to the qualities of leadership and craftsmanship which he displayed in his work.

Lane's experience in tunnel construction led to him being commissioned to build the Beaminster Tunnel in Dorset between 1830–32. Isambard Kingdom Brunel brought Lane with him to the Bristol Docks to serve as Resident Engineer from 1832–34. He subsequently accompanied Brunel to the Monkwearmouth Docks in Sunderland and worked there until December 1840. He appears to have undertaken his first marriage, to Maria McSweeney, some time in the mid-1830s; although they had one daughter in 1836, Maria died within only a few years. Pressure of work on the Great Western Railway forced Brunel to quit the Monkwearmouth Docks in September 1838 and he called Lane south to work with him on the GWR at Bath "in the full expectation of his prosecuting it with vigour and devoting himself entirely to it." Lane met and married his second wife Jane Harris, a native of Bath, while working there. They had ten children.

Lane did not stay in Bath for long. In April 1839 the Monkwearmouth directors asked for him to be returned to his post in the north. Brunel reluctantly agreed, but urged the directors to take good care of Lane: "I hope that any expectations of future advancement he may have formed will be as fully realised as I feel sure yours will be by his usefulness." Lane returned to the GWR in January 1841 to work as an assistant to the Resident Engineer of the railway's western division. He moved to the Hull Docks in 1842 where he worked as Resident Engineer before rejoining the GWR in August 1845, holding various posts with the company over the subsequent fourteen years.

Following the retirement of Brunel's successor T.H. Bertram, Lane became the Chief Engineer of the GWR late in 1860 and retained the post until his death in 1868. His final years were troubled by Bright's disease, a 19th-century term for what is now understood as acute or chronic nephritis, a kidney disease. He was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

References

1802 births
1868 deaths
British railway civil engineers
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Deaths from nephritis
English civil engineers
Great Western Railway people
People from Shadwell
Engineers from London
Southwell plot. The Southwell plot is a graphical method of determining experimentally a structure's critical load, without needing to subject the structure to near-critical loads. The technique can be used for nondestructive testing of any structural elements that may fail by buckling.

Critical load

Consider a simply supported beam under a compressive load P. The differential equation of equilibrium is

, 

where vo is the initial deflection, and the boundary conditions are

Assuming that the deflected shape can be expressed as a Fourier series

, 

Then after substitution into the differential equation,

, 

This relates the deflected shape to the initial imperfections and the applied load. Specifically, at x=L/2,

, 

As P approaches P1, v(L/2) is dominated by V1. Therefore, when PP1, then the fundamental mode will dominate, resulting in

Southwell plots v/P against v and obtains P1=Pcritical=Pc from the slope of the predicted straight line graph.

This analysis was done for a specific point on a simply supported beam, but the concept can be extended to arbitrary structures. With any problem whose mathematical analog is the same fourth order ordinary differential equation as above, with similar boundary conditions, the first eigenvalue of the associated homogeneous problem can be obtained from the slope of the graph. Therefore, a point of large deflection can be chosen, and it does not need to be the center of a simply supported beam.

Applications

Strictly speaking, Southwell's Plot is applicable only to structures with a neutral post-buckling path. Initially created for stability problems in column buckling, the Southwell method has also been used to determine critical loads in frame and plate buckling experiments.

The method is particularly useful for field tests of structures that are likely to be damaged by applying loads near the critical load and beyond, such as reinforced concrete columns or advanced composite materials. The method can also minimize parasitic effects in experiments and give values that are closer to the theoretically expected values. For example, in a real experiment setup it is impossible to reproduce any theoretical boundary condition perfectly. Additionally, the results of compressive tests can be very sensitive to imperfections and the actual boundary conditions. Therefore, the measured critical load during the experiment can be very different from what is predicted.

References

Nondestructive testing
Mechanics
Granstudio. Granstudio is an international creative consultancy that operates within the broader mobility ecosystem, headquartered in Turin, Italy. It was founded in 2011 by Lowie Vermeersch, a Flemish designer and the former design director at Pininfarina. As a design consultancy, the studio defines, designs and develops cars and other mobility means for a variety of international companies.

Vehicles designed by Granstudio 
Source:

 Chery TX concept (2012)
 Cowin i-CX concept (2014)
 Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus SCG 003 (2015)
 Cowin X3 (2016)
 Chery Tiggo 7 (2016)
 Senova D70 Offspace Concept (2016)
 BAIC Senova Offspace concept (2016)
 Dallara Stradale (2017)
 Senova D70/Zhidao (2018)
 BAIC Suit concept (2018)
 Massey Ferguson NEXT concept (2019)
 Mobjects autonomous urban furniture (2019)
 Drako Motors Drako GTE (2019)
 Cowin Xuandu (2021)
 Lightyear 0 (2022)
 Drako Motors Drako Dragon (2022)

Notable designers
 Lowie Vermeersch
 Giovanni Piccardo
 Goran Popović

References

External links 
 

Companies based in Turin
Design companies established in 2011
Italian companies established in 2011
National Hohai Technology University. National Hohai Technology University (國立河海工科大學) was a university in Nanking, which existed between 1924 and 1927.

In the autumn of 1924, the Engineering College of National Southeastern University and Hohai Engineering Specialized School were merged to form National Hohai Technology University (or Hohai Technological University, Hohai University of Technology, Hohai University of Engineering, Hohai College of Engineering, etc.). Hohai Engineering Specialized School was established in 1915, with specialty of water conservancy. The Engineering College of National Southeastern University was established in 1921, with three departments: civil engineering, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, and its predecessor is the Polytechnic Faculty of National Nanking Higher Normal School. The first president of National Hohai Technology University is Mao Yisheng. In 1925, Yang Hsiaoshu, the director of teaching affair, took over as president.

In June 1927, National Hohai Technology University was merged with National Southeastern University, along with several other public schools in Jiangsu province, to form the new Nanking capital national university under Nationalist Government, initially called National Dyisyi Chungshan University (Disi Zhongshan University), and soon later renamed Jiangsu University in February 1928 and renamed National Central University in May 1928, and the engineering college of the university was reestablished. In 1949, National Central University was renamed National Nanking University.

In 1952 during the nationwide colleges and departments adjustment, the Engineering College of Nanking University formed several independent schools including Nanjing Institute of Technology which renamed Southeast University in 1988 and Each China Institute of Water Conservancy which renamed Hohai University in 1985.

See also 
 Nanking University
 Southeast University
 Hohai University

Universities and colleges in Nanjing
1924 establishments in China
1927 disestablishments in China
Surface Ignition Alcohol CI Engine. In this type of CI engine the surface-ignition plug is mounted on an alcohol fueled direct injection diesel engine.

Basic concept  
In this engine a slab of insulator material, wound with a few strands of heating wire is fixed on the combustion chamber with the wire running on the face exposed to the gases. Fuel injector is situated such that a part of the spray impinges head on this surface. Thus ignition is started. Combustion chamber cylinder head is made narrow so that the combustion spreads quickly to the rest of the space. A part of the fuel burns on the insulator surface and the heat losses from the plate are low, the surface after few minutes of operation reaches a temperature sufficient to start the ignition without the aid of external electric supply. The power consumption of the coil is around 52 W at 6 volts. The engine lends itself easily to the use of wide variety of fuels, including methanol, ethanol and gasoline. The engine runs without any interruption on methanol with a performance comparable to diesel operation. The engine works efficiently at lower speeds than at higher speeds.

References

Ignition systems
Self-making bed. A self-making bed (also known as a smart bed) is designed to automatically rearrange the bedding on a bed and prepare itself for use.

History 
In 2008, inventor Enrico Berruti featured his self-making bed, dubbed "Selfy", at The International Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva, Switzerland. The bed makes itself by stretching and smoothing the sheets over the mattress by using metal rails that connect to the bed sheets alongside the bed.

In 2017, the company Smartduvet released a fabric to make the bed through a network of air chambers. This is a breathable layer that is made of lightweight material. When activated it inflates the sheet's air chamber, placing the duvet and sheets back in position. Using an app, the user can preset a different bed-making time for each day of the week. It does not replace the existing bed and is non-permanent so it can be used with existing duvet and duvet coverbedding.

See also
 Bed-making
 Smart home

References

Beds
Domestic life
Home automation
Room-temperature densification method. The room-temperature densification method was developed for Li2MoO4 ceramics and is based on the water-solubility of Li2MoO4. It can be used for the fabrication of Li2MoO4 ceramics instead of conventional thermal sintering. The method utilizes a small amount of aqueous phase formed by moistening the Li2MoO4 powder. The densification occurs during sample pressing as the solution incorporates the pores between the powder particles and recrystallizes. The contact points of the particles provide a high pressure zone, where solubility is increased, whereas the pores act as a suitable place for the precipitation of the solution. Any residual water is removed by post-processing typically at 120 °C. The method is suitable also for Li2MoO4 composite ceramics with up to 30 volume-% of filler material, enabling the optimization of the dielectric properties.

References

Ceramic engineering 
Ceramic materials 
Materials science
YAPP Automotive Systems. YAPP Automotive Systems Co., Ltd. (亚普汽车部件股份有限公司) is a supplier to the automotive industry, specialized in fuel systems, in particular plastic fuel tanks. Founded in 1988 and headquartered in Yangzhou, China, the company has 13 plants and 5 plants overseas. Important customers include Volkswagen, GM, Ford, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Mercedes-Benz, Suzuki, Nissan, SAIC Motor, and FAW Group.

Yapp, Plastic Omnium, Kautex, TI Automotive, and Yachiyo occupy roughly 70% share of the global automotive plastic fuel tank market together. On the Chinese market, Yapp takes the lead with 30% market share.

See also
Automotive industry in China

References

External links
http://www.yapp.com/ Homepage

Auto parts suppliers of China
Tellurium nitride. Tellurium nitride describes chemical compounds of Te containing N3−. Efforts have been made toward the binary nitrides but the results are inconclusive and it appears that such materials are unstable. Still unconfirmed is Te4N4, which would be an analogue of tetraselenium tetranitride (Se4N4) and tetrasulfur tetranitride (S4N4).  It has long been known that ammonia reacts with tellurium tetrachloride, which is similar to the method of synthesis of S4N4.   The reaction of TeCl4 with a THF solution of N(SiMe3)3 gives a well-defined tellurium nitride [Te6N8(TeCl2)4(THF)4].

See also
Tellurium tetraazide (TeN12)

References

Tellurium compounds
Nitrides
Hypothetical chemical compounds
Bedford Y series. The Bedford Y series was a family of single-decker bus and single-decker coach chassis manufactured by Bedford from 1970 to 1986, when Bedford ceased bus and truck production.

History
Announced in September 1970, the Bedford YRQ was a 10-metre (33 ft) coach chassis intended to replace the Bedford VAM. The engine was mounted centrally under the floor.

In 1972 an 11-metre (36 ft) version, the YRT, entered production as a replacement for the twin-steer Bedford VAL.

New more powerful engines were introduced in 1975 with the YLQ (10 m) and YMT (11 m).

The 1980 YNT was a development of the YMT with a turbocharged engine, while the YLQ became the YMQ and then the YMP.

The 12-metre YNV Venturer with air suspension was the final development of the Y series, announced in 1984.

Bus and truck production by Bedford ceased in 1986.

Chassis summary

The Y series was produced in four different lengths; 8m, 10m, 11m and 12m.  The majority were bodied as coaches, though the 8m, 10m and 11m versions were also built as single-decker buses and midibuses.  Seating capacities varied, but were typically 45 for a 10m bus or coach and 53 for an 11m.  The 12m version was built almost exclusively as a coach, with one exception where a Plaxton Paramount coach body shell was fitted out with bus seats in a high-capacity layout.
Bedford Y series
Eight metres
YMP/S
Ten metres
YRQ
YLQ
YMQ
YMP
Eleven metres
YRT
YMT
YNT
Twelve metres
YNV Venturer

Model codes were part of a system introduced by General Motors in 1968. Under this, the first letter (in this case, Y) denoted the basic model range; the second letter denoted the engine type; and the third letter the gross weight range for a complete vehicle. Those applicable to the Y series were as follows:

A further four digits or letters denoted wheelbase, transmission and body type, and the full seven-character code was incorporated in the VIN for each individual vehicle.

The Bedford Y series was sold extensively in the United Kingdom, mainly to independent operators, as well as in export markets. It was fitted with a wide variety of bodies by different manufacturers, chiefly Duple and Plaxton.

References

Y series
Vehicles introduced in 1970
Buses of the United Kingdom
Coaches (bus)
Midibuses
Bus chassis
U-Turn Infinity. The U-Turn Infinity is a German single-place paraglider, designed and produced by U-Turn GmbH of Villingen-Schwenningen. It was the first glider introduced by the company in 2003 and remained in production in 2016 as the Infinity 4.

Design and development
The Infinity was designed as an intermediate glider.

The design has progressed through four generations of models, the Infinity, Infinity 2, 3 and 4, each improving on the last. The Infinity 4 was a complete redesign and not just an evolution of previous versions. The models are each named for their relative size.

Operational history
Reviewer Noel Bertrand noted the Infinity's distinctive wing graphics in a 2003 review as "easily recognizable" and noted that the design is "quick and full of promise".

Variants

Infinity
Infinity S
Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The pilot weight range is . The glider model is Deutscher Hängegleiterverband e.V. (DHV) 1-2 certified.
Infinity M
Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The pilot weight range is . The glider model is DHV 1-2 certified.
Infinity L
Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The pilot weight range is . The glider model is DHV 1-2 certified.

Infinity 4
Infinity 4 XS
Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The take-off weight range is . The glider model is not certified.
Infinity 4 S
Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The take-off weight range is . The glider model is DHV LTF/EN-B certified.
Infinity 4 SM
Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The take-off weight range is . The glider model is DHV LTF/EN-B certified.
Infinity 4 M
Medium-sized model for heavier pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The take-off weight range is . The glider model is DHV LTF/EN-B certified.
Infinity 4 L
Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its  span wing has a wing area of , 44 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.21:1. The take-off weight range is . The glider model is DHV LTF/EN-B certified.

Specifications (Infinity M)

References

External links

Infinity
Paragliders
U-Turn GmbH. U-Turn GmbH is a German aircraft manufacturer originally based in Villingen-Schwenningen and later in Tuningen. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft, particularly for aerobatics.

The company was founded by Thomas Vosseler and Ernst Strobl in 2002. One early innovation was offering glider purchase financing through an owners' club.

U-Turn is organized as a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), a German Limited liability company.

The company's first product was the U-Turn Infinity, an intermediate glider designed for easy handling and safety. By 2016 they had a full line of gliders for all levels of pilots, plus aerobatics, including a two-place aerobatic glider, the U-Turn Twinforce.

Aircraft 
Summary of aircraft built by U-Turn GmbH:
U-Turn Annapurna
U-Turn Blacklight
U-Turn Blackout
U-Turn Emotion
U-Turn Eternity
U-Turn Everest
U-Turn Evolution
U-Turn Infinity
U-Turn Lightning
U-Turn Paramotion
U-Turn Passenger
U-Turn Redout
U-Turn Trinity
U-Turn Twinforce

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Paragliders
Companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in Germany
German brands
Institute of Water Modeling. Institute of Water Modeling or IWM, is a government trustee of Bangladesh Water Resource Ministry and think tank that carries out research, planning and technology transfer related to water management projects in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

History
The Institute traces its origins to the Surface Water Simulation Modelling Programme which was founded 1986. It functioned under the Water Resources Planning Organisation. On 24 December 1996 the cabinet of Bangladesh Government decided to institutionalized the programme, which was renamed and established as Institute of Water Modeling on 1 August 2002.

References

Research institutes in Bangladesh
Government agencies of Bangladesh
2002 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Dhaka
Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh
Research institutes established in 2002
Government agencies established in 2002
Water Resources Planning Organisation. Water Resources Planning Organisation is an autonomous national organisation responsible for the implementation of water resource planning in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

History
The organisation was established in 1992. It traces it origins to Master Plan Organisation.

References

Research institutes in Bangladesh
Government agencies of Bangladesh
1992 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Dhaka
Water organizations
Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh
Water management authorities in Bangladesh
Government agencies established in 1992
Research institutes established in 1992
Chain scission. Chain scission is a term used in polymer chemistry describing the degradation of a polymer main chain. It is often caused by thermal stress (heat) or ionizing radiation (e.g. light, UV radiation or gamma radiation), often involving oxygen. During chain cleavage, the polymer chain is broken at a random point in the backbone to form two - mostly still highly molecular - fragments.

Depolymerization, on the other hand, is the elimination of low molecular weight substances (monomers, dimers and suchlike) from a polymer.

References

Chemical reactions
Biochemistry
Eloquens (software). Eloquens™ is a text-to-speech software, whose first version was released in 1993 by CSELT. It was the first commercial speech synthesis software able to speak Italian.

Description 
It was the first commercial product of the research center CSELT in the field of voice technology. It was built with diphone-technology aimed to reach a high computational efficiency. As a result, the produced voice is still "robotic", but more natural than the previous generation voice implemented in MUSA by CSELT itself. In the past, ELOQUENS was applied to automatically read timetables in the Italian train stations and some telephone services provided by Telecom Italia, e.g. the automated address book service.

In 1997 Eloquens was also used as a building block (synthezer module) in dialogue systems.

Nowadays, it is released as freeware: it is nowadays typically used in spoken comments in many YouTube videos.

See also 
 Loquendo
 vidby
 Acapela

References

Bibliography

External links 
 Eloquens on Softonic
 Datasheet Archive: Eloquens 2000

Speech synthesis software
Applications of artificial intelligence
Computational linguistics
History of human–computer interaction
Heba Kadry. Heba Kadry is an Egyptian mastering engineer who currently resides in Brooklyn, New York. She is best known for her work with Björk, Beach House, Slowdive, The Mars Volta, Neon Indian, Wooden Shjips, Lightning Bolt, White Hills, Alex G, Future Islands, Liturgy, !!!, White Lung, ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead, Nation of Language and The Hotelier. Kadry worked as a staff engineer at SugarHill Recording Studios from 2005 to 2006.

Selected discography

References

External links
Official Website
AllMusic Entry
Discogs Entry

Mastering engineers
Women audio engineers
Living people
Egyptian emigrants to the United States
The American University in Cairo alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)