omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
James John Miles. James John Miles (born 1959) is a retired Professor of Computer Engineering in the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester where he previously was head of the school and a member of the Nano Engineering & Storage Technology Research Group (NEST).

Education
Miles graduated with a first class honours degree in Physics from the University of Liverpool in 1980. Following this he completed a Master of Science in Computational physics from the University of Salford in 1987 and PhD in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Manchester in 1990.

Research
Miles has worked at the Meteorological Office modelling the formation of storm clouds and completed research in novel anaesthetic delivery systems for BOC Medishield, now Datex Ohmeda. Since 1987 he has worked in Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester School of Engineering and the School of Computer Science at the University of Manchester.

His research interests are in magnetic materials for data storage purposes, including micromagnetic modelling of thin magnetic films for hard disks. He is involved in the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) Extremely High Density Recording (EHDR) programme, determining the architecture and design of future 1 Terabit per square inch hard disk products and beyond.

His research is done in collaboration with academic and industrial research groups, including Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (HGST), San Jose, California and Seagate Research, Pittsburgh, USA.

Research funding
Miles research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council., European Union and INSIC. He has been involved in obtaining grant funding in excess of £3 million of which £1.6 million is in grants or awards for which he was the principal applicant. Miles is also a member of one of the groups that secured Science Research Investment Fund (SRIF) for the £1.8M Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology.

Jim Miles served as Head of the School of Computer Science from November 2011 till July 2016. He retired from The University of Manchester in August 2019.

Other activities
In the University, Miles was Associate Dean for Graduate Education in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences from 2008 to 2011. He has supervised several PhD students via the Doctoral Training Centre, the first of its kind in the UK.

In August 2017, he was responsible for the discovery of a previously-unknown collection of Alan Turing letters in an old filing cabinet at the University of Manchester. 

Previously Miles has been an editor of Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials and a Guest Editor of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

References

People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Manchester
Living people
1959 births
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
People associated with the University of Salford
USA-166. USA-166, also known as GPS IIR-8 and GPS SVN-56, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the eighth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-166 was launched at 18:06:00 UTC on 29 January 2003, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D295, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The XSS-10 satellite was carried as a secondary payload on the same rocket, but was deployed from the second stage of the three-stage rocket. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-166 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 1 February 2003, USA-166 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 720.7 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 16 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane B of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of , and a design life of 10 years. As of 2012 it remains in service.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2003
GPS satellites
USA satellites
USA-175. USA-175, also known as GPS IIR-10 and GPS SVN-47, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the tenth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-175 was launched at 08:05:00 UTC on 21 December 2003, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D302, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-175 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-48 apogee motor.

By 22 February 2004, USA-175 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 717.92 minutes, and 55.1 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 22 signal, and operates in slot 2 of plane E of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of , and a design life of 10 years. It was decommissioned in January 2022, per the USCG Nanu 2022001.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2003
GPS satellites
USA satellites
USA-177. USA-177, also known as GPS IIR-11 and GPS SVN-59, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the eleventh Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-177 was launched at 17:53:00 UTC on 20 March 2004, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D303, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-177 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 20 May 2004, USA-177 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 718 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 19 signal, and operates in slot 3 of plane C of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of , and a design life of 10 years. As of 2012 it remains in service.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2004
GPS satellites
USA satellites
USA-190. USA-190, also known as GPS IIR-15(M), GPS IIRM-2 and GPS SVN-52, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the second of eight Block IIRM satellites to be launched, and the fifteenth of twenty one Block IIR satellites overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.

USA-190 was launched at 18:50 UTC on 25 September 2006, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D318, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-190 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.

By 25 November 2006, USA-190 was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of , a period of 717.9 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 31 signal, and operates in slot 2 of plane A of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of , and a design life of 10 years. As of 2012 it remains in service.

References

Spacecraft launched in 2006
GPS satellites
USA satellites
Harry Bickerton. Harry Bickerton (13 June 1921–23 March 1994) was a British engineer in the fields of aerospace engineering, engine design (aircraft), and bicycle design.

Background
In 1938, Bickerton left school to take up an apprenticeship at Rolls-Royce  in Derby. He was transferred to Glasgow and was seconded to RAE Farnborough to work for Tilly Shilling, where he worked on water methanol injection and exhaust pipe tuning, among other things, for the Rolls-Royce 'Merlin' engine of the Spitfire fighter plane.

After World War II, Bickerton, now a seasoned aircraft engineer, moved on to de Havilland where he was Chief Engineer and worked primarily on internal combustion engines (Gypsy Major) but also became involved in the investigation of the De Havilland Comet after a series of failures. He later re-designed the Gypsy Major engine for Britain's first helicopter (the Skeeter), and headed the development of extreme cold weather equipment for an Antarctic expedition by air. He also filed a patent for a rotary engine design while at De Havilland. Bickerton eventually left the industry in the late 1950s to become a free-lance engineer and inventor.

The Bickerton Bicycle
He became a household name in the UK in the early 1980s after a successful TV campaign advertising the Bickerton (bicycle), a folding bicycle he originally designed in the 1970s and perfected over time. In the mid-1970s, The British Central Office of Information released a film, presenting the Bickerton Portable as a symbol of the British lifestyle while simultaneously extolling its technological advantages ("The smallest bike in the world"). These were its lightness, often below 7.5 kg, and foldability. 
Harry Bickerton's bicycle design became equally seminal as Alex Moulton's, and eventually inspired Andrew Ritchie to create the Brompton bicycle.

Other inventions
Some of his other projects were a self-adjustable posture bed, which was adopted for use by the National Health Service, and an economical centrifuge (called a Hermatocit) for separating red and white blood cells, designed for use with a car battery in remote locations like Africa.
Harry Bickerton's engineering principles, expressed in ten "Performance specification[s] for a new portable human-powered personal transport device" (1971) are still valid today.

References

External links 
Part 2 of "The Bickerton Story" by David Henshaw.
Film by British Central Office of Information, ca. 1975

1921 births
20th-century English businesspeople
20th-century British inventors
1990s deaths
British cycle designers
Volocopter VC2. The Volocopter VC2  is a German single-place experimental electric multirotor personal air vehicle that was built by Volocopter GmbH (formerly called E-Volo) of Bruchsal, Germany.

Design and development
The VC-2 is the second in a series of multirotor designs from the German company e-volo. The single-place, 16 motor, all-electric e-volo VC1 "Volocopter" was demonstrated on 21 October 2011. The VC2 is the next follow-on with 18 engines suspended around an aluminum truss frame that includes a center-mounted seat, battery, and Battery Management Unit. The proof-of-concept aircraft will be used to develop the E-volo VC Evolution 2P, a two-passenger enclosed volocopter with extended range and weight capabilities.

The VC200 was demonstrated unmanned in November 2013 at an enclosed arena in Karlsruhe, Germany. Two prototypes performed unmanned flight tests, with the first manned flight made on March 30, 2016, by Alexander Zosel.

Specifications

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

External links
 VC2 at Electrical VTOL News

VC2
Multirotor helicopters
Electric helicopters
2010s German ultralight aircraft
2010s German civil utility aircraft
2010s German helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 2011
EVTOL aircraft
Urban air mobility
Dibutylhexamethylenediamine. N,N’-Dibutylhexamethylenediamine (dibutylhexanediamine) is a chemical compound used in the production of polymers.  It is highly toxic upon inhalation, and is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

See also
 Hexamethylenediamine

References

Diamines
WAGR C class (diesel). The C class are a class of diesel locomotives built by English Electric, Rocklea for the Western Australian Government Railways in 1962.

History
The C class was developed from the Queensland Railways 1250 class. The three members of the class entered service in 1962.

They initially hauled passenger services including The Australind, The Kalgoorlie and The Westland before being relegated to hauling suburban passenger services in Perth and shunting at Avon, Forestfield and Geraldton. The last was withdrawn by Westrail in the March 1992 with all three preserved. C1703 is accredited for mainline operation and is periodically used on infrastructure trains.

References

External links
History of Western Australia Railways and Stations gallery

Co-Co locomotives
English Electric locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Western Australia
Railway locomotives introduced in 1962
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
K factor (traffic engineering). In transportation engineering, the K factor is defined as the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in an hour.
This factor is used for designing and analyzing the flow of traffic on highways. K factors must be calculated at a continuous count station, usually an "automatic traffic recorder", for a year before being determined. Usually this number is the proportion of "annual average daily traffic" (AADT) occurring at the 30th-highest hour of traffic density from the year's-worth of data. This 30th-highest hour of traffic is also known as "K30" or the "Design Hour Factor". This factor improves traffic forecasting, which in turn improves the ability of designers and engineers to plan for efficiency and serve the needs of this particular set of traffic. Such forecasting includes the selection of pavement and inclusion of different geometric aspects of highway design, as well as the effects of lane closures and necessity of traffic lights. Engineers have reached consensus on identify K30 as reaching a reasonable peak of activity before high outliers of traffic volume are used as determinative of overall patterns.
The K factor has three general characteristics:
 K generally decreases as AADT increases. 
 K generally decreases as development density increases.
 K is generally highest near recreational facilities, next highest in rural and suburban areas, and lowest in urban areas.
Another notable proportions of K is the measure of K100 (the proportion of AADT occurring during the 100th highest hour of the design year). This proportion is also known as the Planning Analysis Hour Factor.

Calculation
The calculation for the K factor is given by the formula:

 

in which DHV is the "Design Hourly Volume," the 30th highest hourly traffic volume (in both directions) in the year in which data was collected, by vehicles per hour. DHV could also be the 50th or 100th highest hourly traffic volume (in both directions) in the year in which data was collected, by vehicles per hour; but one would need to mention that by saying that this is the K50 or K100 factor.

Usage
The use of the K30 standard is mandated for the Highway Performance Monitoring System's comparisons of congestion. The K Factor also helps calculate the peak-to-daily ratio of traffic. K30 helps maintain a healthy volume to capacity ratio. K50 and K100 will sometimes be seen. K50 and K100 will not use the 30th highest hourly traffic volumes but the 50th or 100th highest hourly traffic volume when calculating the K factor.

References

Transportation engineering
Mak Chai-kwong. Mak Chai-kwong GBS, JP (, born 16 June 1950) is a Hong Kong civil engineer and civil servant. He served as Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) from 2006 to 2010.

In 2012, he was appointed as Secretary for Development in the inaugural cabinet of C.Y. Leung, but resigned 12 days later in response of allegations of corruption in the 1980s, making him the shortest-serving cabinet minister in the history of Hong Kong. He was eventually acquitted in 2016.

Background
Mak studied in St. Joan of Arc Secondary School in Hong Kong. In 1973, Mak graduated from the University of Hong Kong with a degree in civil engineering. He is current a fellow and senior member of many organizations including the Institution of Civil Engineers, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, the Hong Kong Institution of Highways and Transportation, Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, and the China Hong Kong Railway Institution.

He began his government career in 1973. In 1976 he was an assistant engineer involved in many KCR projects.  In 1994, he was promoted to chief engineer, and by 1997, he began serving as government engineer. In 2000, he became principal government engineer, which put him in charge of development projects in eastern New Territories, Tseung Kwan O, Sha Tin and Ma On Shan.

By 2002, Mak was director of highways in Hong Kong. In 2006, he became the Permanent Secretary for the Environment, Transport and Works (Works), which post became Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) in 2007.  In 2010, Mak retired from the civil service, but he continued to serve in Sichuan Reconstruction Team as team leader for the Development Bureau.

Secretary for Development, and ICAC charge
Mak returned from retirement in July 2012 when he was appointed Secretary for Development in the inaugural government line-up of Chief Executive CY Leung.

Revelations immediately surfaced about a cross-leasing scam in which Mak allegedly fraudulently claimed housing allowance for five years from 1985, while a civil servant. The incident led to his arrest by the ICAC and his resignation on 12 July 2012, twelve days into his appointment. On 17 October, Mak was formally charged, jointly with assistant highways director Tsang King-man, with conspiring to defraud the government, to the personal benefit of HK$445,000. He was acquitted by the Court of Final Appeal in 2016.

Mak was replaced as Secretary for Development by Paul Chan, a former lawmaker in the Accountancy functional constituency.

Honours
In 2010, Mak was awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star.

References

Government officials of Hong Kong
1950 births
Living people
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2012–2017
Dielectric withstand test. In electrical engineering, a dielectric withstand test (also pressure test, high potential test, hipot test, or insulation test) is an electrical safety test performed on a component or product to determine the effectiveness of its insulation. The test may be between mutually insulated sections of a part, or energized parts and ground. The test is a means to qualify a device's ability to operate safely during rated electrical conditions. If the current through a device under test is less than a specified limit at the required test potential and time duration, the device meets the dielectric withstand requirement. A dielectric withstand test may be done as a factory test on new equipment, or may be done on apparatus already in service as a routine maintenance test.

Voltage withstand testing is done with a high-voltage source and voltage and current meters.  A single instrument called a "pressure test set" or "hipot tester" is often used to perform this test. It applies the necessary voltages to a device and monitors leakage current. The current can trip a fault indicator. The tester has output overload protection. The test voltage may be either direct current or alternating current at power frequency or other frequency, like resonant frequency (30 to 300 Hz determined by load) or VLF (0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz), when convenient. The maximum voltage is given in the test standard for the particular product. The application rate may also be adjusted to manage leakage currents resulting from inherent capacitive effects of the test object. The duration of the test is dependent on the test requirements of the asset owner but is normally up to 5 minutes. The applied voltage, rate of application and test duration depend on the specification requirements of the equipment. Different test standards apply for consumer electronics, military electrical devices, high-voltage cables, switchgear and other apparatus.

Typical hipot equipment leakage current trip limit settings range between 0.1 and 20 mA and are set by the user according to test object characteristics and rate of voltage application. The objective is to choose a current setting that will not cause the tester to falsely trip during voltage application, while at the same time, selecting a value that minimizes possible damage to the device under test should an inadvertent discharge or breakdown occur.

See also
 Burn-in
 Dielectric
 Dielectric loss
 Electrical breakdown
 Electrical isolation test
 Impulse generator
 VLF cable testing
 Wet leakage current test

References

Electrical tests
G1 Aviation G1. The G1 Aviation G1 is a French STOL ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by G1 Aviation of Tallard. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft is derived from the Alisport Yuma and was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a strut-braced high wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

All G1 models have a fuselage made from welded steel tubing, with the wing made from aluminum, all covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Gelinotte variant has a  span wing with an area of  and features leading edge slots. The SPYL model uses vortex generators in place of the slots, has the same wing span, but a slightly smaller wing area of . All models are equipped with flaps and have optional folding wings for ground transport and storage. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912UL and the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplants. The company also offers a new exhaust system for the Rotax 912 that is quieter than the stock Rotax-supplied system.

The aircraft has also been equipped with the JLT Motors Ecoyota engine.

Variants
G1 Amphibie (English - Amphibian)
Amphibious version on aluminium floats.
G1 Gelinotte (English - Hazel Grouse)
Wheel-equipped version. The wing is equipped with leading edge slots.
G1 la Grive (English - Thrush)
Agricultural aircraft version.
G1 SPYL
Wheel-equipped version introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2010 and named for the two designers of the aircraft model, Serge Present and Yvan Lhermitte. The SPYL replaces the Gelinotte's wing, which is equipped with leading edge slots, with a new wing equipped with vortex generators instead. The new wing makes this model  lighter and 15%-20% faster than the Gelinotte. SPYL wings can be retrofitted to the Gelinotte.
G1 Agricole
Agricultural aircraft version with the same wing as the SPYL, employing vortex generators in place of leading edge slots. It can be equipped with an external chemical tank of up to  and spraying equipment. It is only sold ready-to-fly with the  Rotax 912ULS engine.

Specifications (G1 SPYL)

References

External links

2000s French ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
GM Family Z engine. Family Z is a turbocharged common rail diesel engine produced by General Motors Korea since 2010. It replaced VM Motori RA 420 diesel engine in a number of GM applications, such as the diesel versions of vehicles sold as Chevrolet made for North America, Daewoo made for Korea, Opel made for Europe and Holden made for Australia.

The engine features chain driven DOHC valvetrain with hydraulic tensioners, twin balance shafts in the oil pump and electronically controlled variable-geometry turbocharger; the common rail system operates at pressures of up to , maximum in-cylinder pressure is , improving on power and torque. Compression ratio is 16.5:1.

For 2012, compression ration is reduced to 16.3:1, and a new intake port increases air flow and swirl control, improving nitrogen oxide () emissions and performance.

Chevrolet Captiva/Opel Antara

Chevrolet Cruze

Chevrolet Malibu

Chevrolet Orlando

References

External links
  

Family Z
Straight-four engines
Gasoline engines by model