omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Itoh Emi 3. The Itoh Emi 3 was the first Japanese civil passenger carrying seaplane, flown in 1917 and used for commercial demonstrations and passenger flights.

Design and development
Though by around 1916 demonstration flights by early Japanese aircraft were beginning to be commercially viable, there were no suitable seaplanes. Otojiiro Otoh, who had designed and built Japan's second commercial landplane, the Itoh Emi 1, was encouraged to fill the gap. The result was the Emi 3, completed in August 1917.

Like most aircraft of its time, it was a wooden-framed and fabric covered biplane. It was a two bay design with wings braced by two pairs of parallel, vertical interplane struts on each side but, as the upper wing had a significantly longer span, there was also pairs of parallel, outward- leaning struts to brace the overhang. Only the upper wings carried ailerons.

Its water-cooled  Hall-Scott V-8 engine drove a two-bladed propeller.  Close behind it there was an open cockpit for one passenger; the pilot's cockpit was just aft of the upper wing trailing edge.  The Emi 3's fuselage was flat-sided and quite slender, with the horizontal tail mounted on its top. Its fin had a triangular profile and carried a rudder of roughly parallelogram profile.

It had twin floats, mounted with a pair of single struts to the fuselage forward and a transverse W-form strut to the fuselage and lower wing aft.

The Emi 3 was built at Itoh's Inage Beach site and completed in August 1917. Flight tests by several pilots found its performance, stability and handling were good.

Operational history

Test flights over, the Emi 3 was taken by rail to Osaka and was prepared for demonstration flights at nearby Nishinomiya. Spectators' fees made these flights a commercial success for Japan's first passenger-carrying floatplane. Itoh named the only example Seagull (Kamome, かもめ).

Specifications

References

Floatplanes
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1910s Japanese civil aircraft
3
Aircraft first flown in 1917
List of McDonnell Douglas DC-X launches. Between 1993 and 1996, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X, also known as the "Delta Clipper", conducted twelve low-altitude suborbital test launches to verify the configuration and handling of the 
uncrewed single-stage-to-orbit Delta Clipper design, which was proposed to the United States Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for use as a reuseable launch vehicle. Claimed as the first rocket to conduct a vertical landing on Earth, the DC-X was a one-third scale demonstrator for the proposed operational Delta Clipper vehicle.

After the first three flights Strategic Defense Initiative Organization funding for the test project was cancelled; the remaining test program was conducted by NASA and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Following the eighth test flight, the vehicle was transferred fully to NASA and the vehicle was modified to DC-XA configuration, also known as "Clipper Graham" after General Daniel O. Graham who had died in 1995 after supporting the Delta Clipper project.

Of the overall test program, ten of the vehicle's launches were fully successful; the fifth test flight was aborted early in the flight following an on-board explosion but the vehicle was successfully recovered. The twelfth and final flight saw one of the vehicle's landing legs fail to extend; on landing, when the vehicle tipped over onto its unsupported corner, a liquid oxygen tank ruptured and exploded, the ensuing fire destroying the modified DC-XA vehicle and ending the program. Despite the loss the program was considered overall to have been a success.

Launch history

References

DC-X
ARMF-I. Advanced Reactivity Measurement Facility I (ARMF-I) was a research reactor which was located at the Argonne National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, facility located in the high desert of southeastern Idaho between Idaho Falls, Idaho and Arco, Idaho. ARMF-I was nearly identical to ARMF-II.

History
The ARMF-I, a reactor located in a small pool in a building east of the MTR in the Test Reactor Area, was used to determine the nuclear characteristics of reactor fuels and other materials subject to testing in the MTR. Together with the MTR, the reactor helped improve the performance, reliability, and quality of reactor core components. Until the next generation reactor, the ARMF-II, this was considered the most sensitive device for reactivity determinations then in existence.

The Advanced Reactivity Measurement Facilities, ARMF-I and ARMF-II, were nearly identical critical facilities and were used almost exclusively for measuring reactor physics parameters, such as reactor-spectrum cross sections and resonance integral cross sections. They were designed to (a) have large statistical weights for fuels and poisons, (b) be mechanically stable enough to produce reproducible reactivity measurements, and (c) have sensitive instrumentation capable of measuring very small reactivities.

ARMF-I operated from October 10, 1960, until 1974.

Design
ARMF-I and ARMF-II were near identical pool reactors. ARMF-I and ARMF-II were housed in a 40-foot by 60-foot cinder block building located just east of the MTR canal tunnel; the building was designed from the initial concept for two reactors. These facilities were swimming-pool-type reactors having light-water moderated cores made up of plate-type fuel elements containing high enriched uranium at 93% U-235. The facilities were located at the National Reactor Testing Station near the Materials Testing Reactor (MTR). Being located near the MTR permitted measurements on short-lived fission products and transmuted isotopes. By use of the capsule 'transfer tube' connecting the MTR and ARMF canals, a capsule could be transferred from the MTR hydraulic rabbit to the ARMF and prepared for reactivity measurements in 15 minutes.

Bibliography
Stacy, Susan M. “Proving the Principle.” Idaho Operations Office of the Department of Energy. Idaho Falls, Idaho. DOE/ID-10799. 2000. Retrieved from: https://factsheets.inl.gov/SitePages/Publications.aspx
This article incorporates text from the public domain (prepared by or on behalf of the US government) work “Proving the Principle” (2000) which may be found at: https://factsheets.inl.gov/SitePages/Publications.aspx.

See also

Argonne National Laboratory
Idaho National Laboratory

References
Citations

Nuclear research reactors
Chinese frigate Zhoushan (529). Zhoushan (529) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 3 January 2008.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Zhoushan was launched on 19 December 2006 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 3 January 2008.

On July 16, 2009, Zhoushan, Xuzhou and Qiandaohu formed the third batch of the Chinese navy escort fleet, which set sail from Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, to the Gulf of Aden and Somalia for escort missions in the sea. The escort lasted 158 days. After completing 53 escort missions and safely escorting 582 Chinese and foreign ships, the formation returned to a military port in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province on December 20, 2009. Zhoushan and others visited Singapore and Malaysia on the return voyage, and docked in Hong Kong from December 14th to 17th, and received more than 7,000 people from all walks of life in Hong Kong.

On November 2, 2010, Zhoushan, Xuzhou and Qiandaohu formed the seventh batch of the Chinese navy escort fleet, which set sail from Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, to the Gulf of Aden and Somalia Perform escort missions in the sea. The escort experienced 189 days and nights and a cumulative voyage of more than 110,000 nautical miles. Zhoushan and others are safely escorting 38 batches of 578 Chinese and foreign ships, escorting 1 ship attacked by pirates, rescued 1 ship attacked by pirates boarding, rescued 9 ships pursued by pirates 6 times, verified and driven away 218 suspicious ships After the second time, she returned to China on May 9, 2011. During the escort period, the formation successively met and exchanged with the commanders of the NATO 508 task force and the EU 465 task force. After completing the escort mission, Zhoushan also visited three African countries including Tanzania, South Africa, and Seychelles, and docked in Singapore.

On December 12, 2014, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Zhengzhou, Yiyang, Qiandaohu and the electronic reconnaissance ship Beijixing The ship crossed the Miyako Strait into the Western Pacific.

Gallery

References 

2006 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Binzhou. Binzhou (515) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 29 December 2016.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Binzhou was launched on 13 December 2015 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 29 December 2016.

Gallery

References 

2015 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Xuzhou (530). Xuzhou (530) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 27 January 2008.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Xuzhou was launched on 30 September 2006 at the Huangpu Wenchong Shipyard in Guangzhou. She was commissioned on 1 January 2008 in Zhoushan.

On September 26, 2014, Xuzhou, along with the East China Sea Fleet of the People’s Liberation Army Navy, organized a real-fire drill in a complex underwater acoustic environment in a certain area of the South China Sea, and conducted continuous attacks on submarines by surface fleets and successive submarine ambushes, and research and practice for other subjects.

In February 2016, Xuzhou launched a major exercise mission in the East China Sea. On March 20, an accident occurred when the oil pipeline ruptured on the way back. Fortunately, the crew handled it in time to avoid flashover. On March 26, Xuzhou began to continue its mission.

Gallery

References 

2007 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Xiangtan (531). Xiangtan (531) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 24 February 2016.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Xiangtan was launched on 19 March 2015 at the China State Shipbuilding Corporation in Shanghai. Commissioned on 24 February 2016.

On 22 May 2022, the Xiangtan conducted drills in the East China Sea as a part of the Liaoning Carrier Group; and they were sighted near Miyako Island by the JMSDF.

Gallery

References 

2015 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Jingzhou. Jingzhou (532) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 5 January 2016.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Jingzhou was launched on 22 January 2015 at the Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding in Shanghai. Commissioned on 5 January 2016.

On 28 April 2017, Chaohu, Changchun and Jingzhou arrived in Davao City, Mindanao for a visit. On 25 May, the ships conducted an exercise with the Myanmar Navy, which was China's first time to hold an exercise with Myanmar. On 12 June, they arrived in Karachi. On 23 July, same ships were sent for a visit to Piraeus Port.

Gallery

References 

2015 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Yiyang. Yiyang (548) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 26 October 2010.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Yiyang was launched on 17 November 2009 at the China State Shipbuilding Corporation in Shanghai. Commissioned on 26 October 2010.

In November 2015, Yiyang along with Qiandaohu and Jinan made the first ever port call by PLAN ships to the Eastern Coast of the United States when they docked at Mayport Harbor, Florida, for a goodwill visit.

Gallery

References 

2009 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Changzhou. Changzhou (549) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 30 May 2011.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Changzhou was launched on 18 May 2010 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 30 May 2011.

During the 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic, on February 17, 2020, the Liberation Army Daily disclosed that a number of officers and soldiers in the eastern theater of the People's Liberation Army are being quarantined for observation, including Yu Songqiu, captain of Changzhou. According to reports, the theater is adopting measures such as strict management, temperature measurement and disinfection, and returning to the team to isolate, and will adjust the plan to try to ensure that the annual training mission is not affected. The report quoted Yu Songqiu as saying that he himself was under observation in the guest house of a certain detachment, and some officers and soldiers of various units were also under quarantine observation, but the work was smooth and orderly, and the enthusiasm for training and preparation was unabated. In order to return to the team early and complete the isolation as soon as possible, he stopped his vacation and returned to the camp on the fifth day of the Lunar New Year. He is currently using the free time of isolation to study training problems.

Gallery

References 

2010 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Huanggang. Huanggang (577) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 16 January 2015.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Huanggang was launched on 28 April 2013 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 16 January 2015.

On 5 April 2021, the aircraft carrier Liaoning, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Nanchang, Huanggang and Hulunhu were spotted between Okinawa and Miyako Island.

Gallery

References 

2013 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Chinese frigate Yangzhou. Yangzhou (578) is a Type 054A frigate of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 21 September 2015.

Development and design 

The Type 054A carries HQ-16 medium-range air defence missiles and anti-submarine missiles in a vertical launching system (VLS) system. The HQ-16 has a range of up to 50 km, with superior range and engagement angles to the Type 054's HQ-7. The Type 054A's VLS uses a hot launch method; a shared common exhaust system is sited between the two rows of rectangular launching tubes.

The four AK-630 close-in weapon systems (CIWS) of the Type 054 were replaced with two Type 730 CIWS on the Type 054A. The autonomous Type 730 provides improved reaction time against close-in threats.

Construction and career 
Yangzhou was launched on 30 September 2013 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 21 September 2015.
On 11 December 2022, the ashes of the late Chinese leader Jiang Zemin were scattered into the sea from frigate Yangzhou, named after Jiang's birthplace.

Gallery

References 

2013 ships
Ships built in China
Type 054 frigates
Keihan Bus. The  is a bus company company that operates within Osaka, in southern Kyoto, and Ōtsu. It is a subsidiary of the Keihan Group, which also runs Keihan Electric Railway.

History 

Keihan Bus Company was established on 22 July 1922 as a taxi company called Momoyama Motor Co., Ltd.(桃山自動車株式会社). In 1924 it became a subsidiary of Keihan, which runs the Keihan Electric Railway. It later merged with other transportation companies, including Daigo Kisen and Jōhoku Motor Co. in 1930, and Keihan-Uji Kotsu and Keihan Uji Kotsu Tanabe in 2006. As a result of these mergers, Keihan Bus has acquired an extensive service area in Osaka, Kyoto and Shiga Prefecture.

Local bus services

Offices 
Keihan Bus offices attached to garages include:
 Ōtsu Office: There are route buses which run with Kōjaku Railway.
 Yamashina Office
 Rakunan Office: There are route buses which run with Nara Kotsu.
 Kyotanabe Office
 Otokoyama Office
 Hirakata Office
 Takatsuki Office
 Katano Office
 Neyagawa Office
 Kadoma Office

Information desks 
Information desks are known as "K-bit" (the abbreviation for the Keihan-bus Information & Tickets)
 Ōtsu Station Desk
 Ishiyama Station Desk☆
 Yamashina Station Desk☆
 Sanjo-Keihan Station Desk
 Kyoto Station Karasuma Exit Desk (sells only highway bus tickets)
 Kyoto Station Hachijo Exit Desk（sells only highway bus and sightseeing bus tickets）
 Hirakatashi Station Desk☆
 Korien Station Desk
 Neyagawashi Station Desk☆
 Moriguchishi Station Desk☆

Temporary sales offices 
These type desks open at the beginning and end of each month.
 Hoshida Station Desk
 Rokujizo Station Desk
 Takatsukishi Station Desk

Bus terminals 
 Enryaku-ji Bus Terminal
 Daigo Bus Terminal

Subsidiary companies

Keihan Kyoto Kotsu

The  is a bus company within the Keihan Group, established in April 2005 by splitting from Keihan Bus. Its service areas are in the northwest of Kyoto.

References

External links

 Official Website

Bus
Transport in Kyoto Prefecture
Transport in Osaka Prefecture
Transport in Shiga Prefecture
Bus companies of Japan
Japanese companies established in 1922