omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cobra-class torpedo boat. The Cobra class (also known as the Python class) was a class of four torpedo boats built by the British shipbuilder Yarrow for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1890s.  All four ships served through the First World War and were scrapped in 1919.

Design and construction
In 1895, the Austro-Hungarian Navy purchased one torpedo boat each from the British shipbuilder Yarrow and the German shipbuilder Schichau-Werke, two specialist builders of torpedo vessels. The two torpedo boats, which carried identical armament, were evaluated against each other. While there was little to choose between the seaworthiness of the two ships, the German-built ship, , suffered vibration at high speed, while the Yarrow-built torpedo-boat, , did not suffer such vibration and the Yarrow design was chosen for further development, with four more torpedo-boats ordered from Yarrow to a modified design.

The new torpedo boats were  long at the waterline and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of . Two coal-fired Yarrow water-tube boilers fed a single three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine which drove a single propeller shaft. The machinery was rated at  giving a speed of , although  was generated during sea trials, when Python reached a speed of .

The ships were armed by two  L/33 Skoda guns and three  torpedo tubes, (except Kigyo which was only fitted with two torpedo tubes), with two forward on the sides of the ship, where they could fire almost dead ahead, and one on the ships' centreline aft. The ships had a crew of 21.

Service
The four ships were laid down at Yarrow's Poplar, London shipyard in 1897–1898 and completed in 1898–1900. In 1910, all Austro-Hungarian torpedo-boats were redesignated, replacing their names by numbers, with the Cobra class becoming Tb 13 – Tb 16.

On the outbreak of the First World War three of the torpedo-boats (Tb 13, Tb 15 and Tb 16) were based at Cattaro as part of the local defence forces, serving as escorts and minesweepers throughout the war, while Tb 14 was used as a salvage vessel for the naval air station at Pola (now Pula in Croatia, later transferring to Šibenik. All four ships survived the war, and were allocated to France and Britain under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1919 (with Tb 13, Tb 15 and Tb 16 going to France and Tb 14 going to Britain) and were scrapped in 1920.

Ships
  – laid down 1897, launched 1898, completed 1899. Renamed Tb 16 in 1910.
  – laid down 1897, launched September 1898, completed 1898. Renamed Tb 15 in 1910.
  – laid down 1898, launched 11 April 1899, completed 31 January 1900. Renamed Tb 14 in 1910.
  – laid down 1898, launched 11 April 1899, completed 12 October 1899. Renamed Tb 13 in 1910.

Citations

References

 
 
 
 

 
Torpedo boats of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
World War I torpedo boats of Austria-Hungary
Ships built in Poplar
Owen Springs Power Station. Owen Springs Power Station is a power station located in the southern part of the Northern Territory of Australia in the locality of Hugh about  south of Alice Springs.

It was commissioned in 2011 and is now owned and operated by Territory Generation.  The power station's name reflects its siting on land which was once part of the Owen Springs pastoral lease.

In 2016, the power station's capacity was expanded at the cost of 75 million with the objective of closing the existing Ron Goodin Power Station and achieving the following outcomes attributed to Adam Giles, the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory - "more reliable supply of electricity, reduce business tariffs by 15-20 per cent, create a permanent flood access road for Mount Johns and Desert Springs, and free land for housing development."

References

Natural gas-fired power stations in the Northern Territory
Buildings and structures in Alice Springs
2011 establishments in Australia
Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III). Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) is the coordination complex with the formula Co(C5H7O2)3. Often abbreviated Co(acac)3, it is a green, diamagnetic solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but not in water. Owing to its solubility in organic solvents, tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) is used to produce homogeneous catalysts by reduction.

Structure
The structure of the complex has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.  The three acac− ligands bind in a bidentate fashion to cobalt, defining an octahedral complex. The solid is isomorphous with tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III), tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III), and tris(acetylacetonato)aluminium.  With D3-symmetry, these complexes are chiral and often can be resolved into the individual enantiomers.

Synthesis and reactions
Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) is prepared by the reaction of cobalt(II) carbonate and acetylacetone in the presence of hydrogen peroxide:
2 CoCO3 + 6 CH3COCH2COCH3 + H2O2 → 2 Co(O2C3Me2H)3 + 2 CO2 + 4 H2O
One distinctive aspect of Co(acac)3 is its susceptibility toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, by which protons on the central carbon are replaced with diverse electrophiles (Me = methyl):
Co(O2C3Me2H)3  +  3NO2+  →   Co(O2C3Me2NO2)3  +  3H+

References

Acetylacetonate complexes
Cobalt complexes
State Research Institute Kristall. GosNII «Kristall» OJSC (Gosudarstvenny Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut «Kristall», State-Owned Scientific-Research Institute "Crystal") (AKA Factory 80) is a chemical factory in Dzerzhinsk (formerly Rastyapino), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It manufactures explosives and non-standard chemical equipment.

History
The factory was opened in 1953 and is part of the Sverdlova factory. In 2012 "Kristall" OJSC became part of NPO Pyrotechnic Systems (Moscow region) OJSC, a subdivision of the NPK Tekhmash OJSC holding company, which is in turn part of military industrial giant Rostec. It makes industrial explosives for use in mining, military propellants and ammunition, and medicines made from chemical derivatives. It is also engaged in the research & development and testing of explosives.

Disasters
An explosion at the factory in August 2018 killed 3 people instantly, followed by 2 more who died in hospital.

Another explosion on June 1, 2019, completely destroyed the processing facility, caused a fire 100 square meters in area, and injured 38 workers and 41 residents. Fifteen people were hospitalised for wounds caused by flying shards of broken glass, but no deaths were reported. Five workers were inside the facility when the explosion occurred, but all were evacuated safely.

References

Chemical companies established in 1953
Defence companies of Russia
1953 establishments in the Soviet Union
Chemical companies of the Soviet Union
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Chemical research institutes
HMS Tweed (K250). HMS Tweed (K250) was a  of the Royal Navy (RN). Tweed was built to the RN's specifications as a Group I River-class frigate, though Tweed was one of the few powered by a turbine engine. She served in the North Atlantic during World War II.

Background 

As a River-class frigate, Tweed was one of 151 frigates launched between 1941 and 1944 for use as anti-submarine convoy escorts, named after rivers in the United Kingdom. The ships were designed by naval engineer William Reed, of Smith's Dock Company of South Bank-on-Tees, to have the endurance and anti-submarine capabilities of the  sloops, while being quick and cheap to build in civil dockyards using the machinery (e.g. reciprocating steam engines instead of turbines) and construction techniques pioneered in the building of the s. Its purpose was to improve on the convoy escort classes in service with the Royal Navy at the time, including the Flower class.

Tweed was funded through the Warship Week programme, with Hatfield, Hertfordshire raising over £150,000 to pay for the construction of the ship. The ship was adopted by the town in May 1943, with a plaque bearing the district's coat of arms being installed on the ship soon after.

War Service 

After commissioning in April 1943, Tweed participated in anti-submarine warfare exercises off Lough Foyle and served in convoy escort missions.

In late September 1943, Tweed rammed and possibly sank a U-boat.

Tweed was part of the escort group that sank  on 20 November 1943.

On 7 January 1944, Tweed was about 600 miles west of Cape Ortegal in the Atlantic Ocean, serving as part of the 5th Escort Group. At 17:11 a GNAT torpedo fired by  struck Tweed, which sank with the loss of 83 lives.  picked up 44 survivors.

References

External links 
 
 

1942 ships
River-class frigates of the Royal Navy
World War II frigates of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in January 1944
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
Systems Improved Numerical Differential Analyzer. The Systems Improved Numerical Differential Analyzer (acronym SINDA) is a commercially available software system developed by C&R Technologies that solves resistor-capacitor (R-C) network representations of physical problems governed by diffusion equations. The software was originally designed as a general thermal analyzer for the spacecraft and launch vehicle thermal community and is currently an integral part of the Thermal Desktop plugin for AutoCAD.

References 

Physics software
Pays de Waes (locomotive). The Pays de Waes is a preserved tank locomotive built in 1844, which is part of the historical collection of the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB), on display at Train World. It is reputed to be the oldest preserved locomotive on the European continent.

History
The "Pays de Waes" is the second locomotive in a series of nine machines designed by the Belgian engineer Gustave De Ridder. Built in his private workshops, the locomotive was put into service on a narrow gauge line (Anvers-Saint-Nicolas-Lokeren-Gand) that was operated by the Compagnie du chemin de fer d'Anvers à Gand par Saint-Nicolas et Lokeren (a private company) in 1845, a narrow gauge line (  vs ). The locomotive reached a speed of  in 1844, the year of its construction. 

The series of nine locomotives were taken out of service between 1880 and 1890. The "Pays de Waes" was still intact in 1896 when the Belgian State took over operation of the rail line and converted it to standard gauge. All other locomotives in the series were scrapped, with only the "Pays de Waes" being preserved.

The preserved locomotive was exhibited at the 1913 World Fair in Ghent and then in England in 1925 to mark the centenary of the railways held in Darlington. It was then placed on display (starting in 1958) at the railway museum located in the Brussels-North station complex until March 22, 2014, when it was transferred to the site of the current Belgian railway museum, Train World. This required a wall to be broken at the Brussels-North station to be able to remove the locomotive. It is now displayed in Hall 1 at Train World, a witness to the beginnings of the railways in Europe. 

The locomotive is named after Waasland (Pays de Waes in French), where it commonly ran between 1844/1845 and 1896.

References

Steam locomotives of Belgium
Early steam locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1844
Distilling ship. A distilling ship is a class of military ships, generally converted tankers, with the capability to convert salt water into fresh water. They were typically stationed at forward bases during conflict where they supported on-the-ground troops and front line naval units.

Kleinschmidt still
While steamships often used the heat in low-pressure steam exhausted from propulsion machinery to distill fresh water from seawater, that was relatively inefficient when the ship was not underway. Dr. R.V. Kleinschmidt developed a compression still while working at the Arthur D. Little Laboratories in Cambridge, Massachusetts. These stills were manufactured for the United States Navy by E. B. Badger and Sons of Boston. After these Kleinschmidt stills proved successful aboard diesel engined ships like submarines, destroyer escorts, and tank landing ships, several stills were placed aboard tankers built as distilling ships.

Seawater enters the evaporation chamber through two heat exchangers.  The evaporation chamber has an electrical heating element used to initially heat the seawater during startup, and the resulting steam is run through a rotary compressor which increases the steam temperature while creating a vacuum over the seawater in the evaporation chamber to lower the boiling temperature of seawater. The compressed steam is then piped though the evaporation chamber as the primary source of heat so the heating element becomes unnecessary for sustained operation. The compressor maintains a pressure difference of approximately  between the boiling seawater and condensing steam which translates to an approximate temperature difference of 5 °C (9 °F) across the tube walls within the evaporation chamber. Steam condensed while evaporating the seawater is removed as fresh water through one of the heat exchangers pre-heating the incoming seawater, and about twenty percent of the incoming seawater leaves the evaporation chamber as hot brine pumped overboard through another heat exchanger.

Operational experience
These ships frequently operated in tropical harbors where seawater contained appreciable quantities of pollutants. Some of these pollutants would be carried through the compressor as mist from the boiling seawater, and the temperature of the distillation process was inadequate to sterilize the fresh water. Some microorganisms carried through to the fresh water were pathogenic, while others colonized the ships' fresh water tanks using nutrients carried through the compressors to cause taste and odor problems making the water unpalatable. Microbial growth was rapid in the warm water of the tropics. The United States Navy crew would include a naval surgeon to test and maintain water quality.

A newly cleaned still would produce about 200 gallons of fresh water per gallon of diesel fuel powering the compressor, but accumulation of scale on the brine side of the steam pipes within the evaporation chamber and seawater heat exchanger would typically reduce efficiency to about 100 gallons of water per gallon of fuel after 700 hours of operation.

See also

References

Ship types
Distilling ships
Nambirajan Seshadri. Nambirajan Seshadri is a professor of practice at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego.

Education 
Seshadri completed his Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Regional Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli (now called as National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli), India, in 1982. He obtained his Master of Science (M.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, United States, in 1984 and 1986 respectively.

Career 
After completing his PhD degree, Seshadri worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories as Member of Technical Staff and as Head of Communications Research at AT&T Shannon Labs for more than 13 years. After that, he worked in Broadcom for 16 years. In Broadcom, he served as the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of Mobile and Wireless Business from 1999 to 2014 and Senior Vice President and CTO of Broadband and Connectivity Group from 2015 to 2016.

Awards 
He is a Fellow of IEEE, for contributions to theory and practice of reliable communications over wireless channels. He is a Member of the US National Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, Distinguished alumnus of National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli and holds about 200 patents. He is a co-recipient of the 1999 IEEE Information Theory best paper Award. In 2018, he was awarded the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal.

References 

American people of Indian descent
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli alumni
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Living people
Fellows of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scientists at Bell Labs
Broadcom
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of California, San Diego faculty
Doris Sung. Doris Kim Sung (born 1964 in Hollywood, California) is an American architect and educator. Sung serves as the Director of the Undergraduate Programs at the USC School of Architecture starting in 2020.

Education 
Sung graduated from Princeton University in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture,  Sung earned a Master of Architecture degree from Columbia University in 1990.

Work 
With a focus on smart materials, like thermo bimetals, Sung explores non-conventional architectural applications driven by geometry and her background in biology. Some notable projects include Bloom, a stitched sun-tracking instrument, Invert, a no-energy sun shading system exhibited at the Carolyn Campagna Kleefeld Contemporary Museum at the California State University, Long Beach, and Fuller, a self-structured sculpture at the South Coast Botanic Garden.

Career 
Sung began a tenure-track position at the University of Colorado in Denver in 1997. During this period, Sung started her firm DOSU Studio Architecture with work predominantly in the start-up tech industry, and received several American Institute of Architects (AIA) awards for her designs. In 2001, Doris moved to Los Angeles for a position at Southern California Institute of Architecture. In 2006, she started teaching at the University of Southern California (USC). Around this time, Sung converted her practice into a research-based one. She was granted tenure from USC in 2016. She is a co-founder of TBM Designs LLC, a start-up company for smart building products that makes Invert Self-Shading Windows.

Awards 
The Invert window system received several innovation awards, including a 2021 National Design Awards in the Climate Action category, 2020 R&D Award from Architect Magazine, and recognition by Architectural Record as a Best Architectural Product in 2019. Sung was also a finalist for the Women4Climate Tech challenge in 2020.

At Princeton, Sung was a recipient of the Grace May Tilton Award.

References 

Living people
American people of Korean descent
American women architects
Architects from California
1964 births
21st-century American women
SMS Viper (1896). SMS Viper was a torpedo boat of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Viper was built by the British shipbuilder Yarrow between 1895 and 1896 and formed the basis for the following s. She was renamed Torpedoboot 17 in 1910 and served through the First World War as a patrol boat and minesweeper. She was scrapped in 1920.

Design
In 1895, the Austro-Hungarian Navy purchased one prototype torpedo boat each from the British shipbuilder Yarrow and the German shipbuilder Schichau-Werke, two specialist builders of torpedo vessels.

Yarrow's design was  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of . Displacement was  normal and  full load.  Two coal-fired Yarrow water-tube boilers fed a single three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine which drove a single propeller shaft. The machinery was rated at  giving a speed of .

The ships was armed by two  L/33 Skoda guns and three  torpedo tubes,  with two tubes forward on the sides of the ship, where they could fire almost dead ahead, and one on the ships' centreline aft. The ship had a crew of 21.

Construction and service
The Yarrow torpedo boat, named Viper, was laid down at Yarrow's Poplar, London shipyard in 1895, and launched in January 1896, earlier than the competing Schichau-built torpedo boat . She reached a speed of  during sea trials, and was completed in October 1896. While both torpedo boats had similar stability and seaworthiness, Natter suffered from vibrations at high speed, and the Yarrow design was chosen for further orders, with four ships of the slightly larger  ordered from Yarrow.

In 1910, Austria renamed most of its torpedo boats, with Viper becoming Tb 17. On the outbreak of the First World War Tb 17 formed part of the 21st Torpedo boat Group of the 11th Torpedo Craft Division, a local defence force based at Cattaro, and was still based at Cattaro on 20 March 1917, as a member of the 25th Torpedo boat Group of the 15th Torpedo Craft Division. She was employed as an escort and minesweeper during the war, and was allocated to France as a War reparation as part of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1919. She was scrapped in 1920.

Notes

Citations

References

 
 
 
 
 
 

Torpedo boats of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
World War I torpedo boats of Austria-Hungary
Ships built in Poplar
1896 ships
DUT-5. DUT-5 (DUT ⇒ Dresden University of Technology) is a material in the class of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline materials, in which metals are linked by ligands (linker molecules) to form repeating three-dimensional structures known as coordination entities. The DUT-5 framework is an expanded version of the MIL-53 structure and consists of Al3+ metal centers and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (BPDC) linker molecules. It consists of inorganic [M-OH] chains, which are connected by the biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate linkers to four neighboring inorganic chains. The resulting structure contains diamond-shaped micropores extending in one dimension.

Structural analogs 
The DUT-5 structure was initially synthesized with Al3+ as metal center, but other isostructural materials, whose structures are comparable to DUT-5, have also been prepared with metals having oxidation states of +II or +IV . 

Due to the tool-box like design of metal-organic framework materials, other organic molecules, which are structurally similar to biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate, have also been used as linker molecules for the synthesis of functionalized DUT-5 materials, which contain uncoordinated functional groups in their framework structure. For the functionalized DUT-5 materials, the additional functional groups at the functional biphenyl-4,4'dicarboxylate linkers in the DUT-5 framework have been used for post-synthetic modification reactions to further modify the framework structure after the initial synthesis or to alter the adsorption properties.

References 

Metal-organic frameworks
Ifeanyi Orajaka. Ifeanyi Orajaka (born 14 April 1988) is a Nigerian engineer and entrepreneur. He is the co-founder and chief executive officer of Green Village Electricity (GVE) Projects Limited, a renewable energy business in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Early life and education
Orajaka was born in Eastern Nigeria to Christian parents. After his primary and secondary education, he went to the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) where he obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree in electrical and electronics engineering. He then went on to the University of Port-Harcourt where he acquired a master's degree in electrical power systems engineering.

Orajaka is an alumnus of the Harvard Business School's Driving Profitable Growth and Senior Executives Program. He is also a member of the inaugural cohort of the Obama Foundation Leadership Program (Africa).

He is a member of the World Economic Forum's Global Shapers Community as well as the AU-EU High level Platform on Sustainable Energy Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. He is also a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Career
As an undergraduate intern in one of Nigeria's leading oil and gas companies in 2009, Orajaka co-founded Green Village Electricity (GVE) Projects Limited. GVE is a renewable energy provider, serving both rural and urban households. Through GVE, he has made collaborations with organisations such as Deloitte, United States Agency for International Development, Department for International Development, US Power Africa Initiative, GIZ, IEEE, General Electric and United States Africa Development Foundation.

He is a member of the advisory board of the Renewable Energy Association of Nigeria and a member of the finance working group of the African Mini-grids Developers Association.

Awards and honors
 The Future Awards Africa Prize in Business (2016)

References

1988 births
Living people
21st-century Nigerian businesspeople
Federal University of Technology Owerri alumni
Nigerian engineers
University of Port Harcourt alumni