omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Outer Ring Road, Nagpur. The Outer Ring Road is a 119 km under construction ring road around the city of Nagpur, in Maharashtra. A part of the road is between NH 44 (towards south of the city) and NH 56 towards east of the city of 62 km length is already operational. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has issued work orders for execution of remaining stretch of 61 km. The value of work orders is Rs 1,170 crore making it the biggest ongoing road project in and around the city. After Pardi flyover, it would be second to be executed since city MP Nitin Gadkari became union minister for road transport and highways under which NHAI is functioning.

It gives an easy connectivity between NH 44, NH 53, NH 47, MSH 3, MSH 9, MSH 248, MSH 255, MH 264 and it will be linked to the under construction Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway.

Project Details

For speedy completion, the NHAI divided the stretch of 61 km into two parts. Mumbai-based MEP Infrastructure Pvt Ltd bagged both the contracts worth Rs 531 crore and Rs 639 crore in 2018 on build-operate-transfer basis. NHAI issued letter of acceptance to MEP Infrastructure on 31 March 2018. The entire 61-km stretch of ORR will be in concrete.

The project will be developed under NHAI's hybrid annuity system. NHAI will pay 40% of total cost to the contractor during the construction period. Remaining 60% will be paid in three instalments over 15 years from the date of completion with a fixed rate of return. The project is first project in the state, and second in the country, to be developed under hybrid annuity system.

The 33.50km ORR from Jamtha to Fetri allows vehicles to run at 100kmph. It has 16 service roads, three 2.5km-long flyovers. Bamboo crash barriers too have been installed, making it the second NHAI road having such feature.
The work on 28km package-II of the ORR from Fetri on Kalmeshwar-Katol Road towards Kamptee-Jabalpur NH44 highway will be completed in the next two months. Almost 90% of the work has been completed, except work on ROBs at four spots.

NHAI will levy toll to recover the project cost. Toll will be recovered by NHAI through a private agency other than one executing the project.

Route

Under this project, NHAI will construct a new 40-km cement concrete, four-lane road from Gondkhairi on Amravati road to Bhilgaon-Sirpur on Kamptee-Jabalpur section of NH 44 road via Fetri on Kalmeshwar-Katol road, Bharatwada, Panjara on Koradi-Chhindwara section of NH 47. It will also widen 21 km stretch Gondkhairi to Gavasi Manapur on NH 44 from existing two-lane to four-lane and convert it to concrete road. The ORR will also have an interchange with the under construction Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway.

NHAI will construct five railway overbridges, 20 minor bridges and 15 underpasses under the project.

See also

 Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway

References

Ring roads in India
Transport in Nagpur
Roads in Maharashtra
Bariura Old Bridge. Bariura Old Bridge () or Hatirpool () is one of the ancient bridges in Sarail Upazila of Brahmanbaria District, and is located  north of Brahmanbaria.

It was built during Mughal Empire at Bariura, adjacent to the Dhaka-Sylhet highway.

Construction
Brick, lime and concrete based old bridge built in 16th-century to connect the land of Sarail and Shahbajpur.

History
The Bariura Bridge was built by Dewan Shahbaz Khan during his time in office in 1650. The bridge was built over the canal mainly for elephants to pass and it was therefore known as "Elephant's Bridge". The Dewans used to travel by the elephant along this road and also took rest near this bridge.

The Bridge was deserted for a long time and covered by brush. Today, the canal flow has been changed by Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) in the south to save the bridge by founding a modern bridge near the spot.

The old Bridge is now under care of the Bangladesh Department of Archaeology.

Gallery

See also
 List of archaeological sites in Bangladesh

References

Bridges in Bangladesh
Buildings and structures in Chittagong Division
Brahmanbaria District
History of Chittagong Division
16th-century architecture
Buildings and structures of the Mughal Empire
Archaeological sites in Brahmanbaria district
Akaflieg Karlsruhe AK-5. The AK-5 is a single-seat club class sailplane designed and built in Germany by members of Akaflieg Karlsruhe.

Design and development

The forward fuselage of the glider was taken from the Glasflügel 604 and the wings were built to the design of the Streifeneder-Hansen Falcon glider, an experimental prototype designed and built by Hansjörg Streifeneder. The cockpit interior was newly designed including a self-designed and built flight director / variometer system and parallelogram control input system similar to Glasflügel practice.

Specifications

References

External links 

Akaflieg Karlsruhe 
Akaflieg Karlsruhe homepage

1990s German sailplanes
Akaflieg Karlsruhe aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1990
Akaflieg Karlsruhe AK-5b. The Akaflieg Karlsruhe AK-5b is a single-seat club class glider designed and built in Germany by members of Akaflieg Karlsruhe.

Design and development
Poor handling characteristics of the AK5 prompted Akaflieg Karlsruhe to design a successor with improved handling capable of being used as a first single-seater at the Akaflieg Karlsruhe gliding club. During development of the AK-5b it was decided to make changes to the construction by using carbon-fibre, aramid fibres and glass-fibre. As part of the re-design, a new cockpit was designed with new crash-worthy canopy, equipped with a new opening and emergency release mechanisms

Specification (AK-5b)

References

External links
Akaflieg Karlsruhe 
Akaflieg Karlsruhe homepage

1990s German sailplanes
Akaflieg Karlsruhe aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1996
Akaflieg Karlsruhe AK-8. The AK-8 is a single-seat FAI-Standard Class sailplane, designed and built in Germany by members of Akaflieg Karlsruhe which can be distinguished by its elliptical leading edge.

Design and development

Made of synthetic materials, such as aramid fibre, carbon fibre and glass-fibre with cast aluminium alloy ribs, the AK-8 wing features an elliptical leading edge. The fuselage is derived from that of the DG-600M. 

The first flight of the AK-8 took place in 2003, but a field landing accident caused severe damage to the left wing. After the left wing was rebuilt, the AK-8 flew again in 2009. In 2014 new outer wings with winglets were built to improve the flying characteristic.

Specifications

See also
List of gliders

References

Bibliography

External links

Akaflieg Karlsruhe 

2000s German sailplanes
Akaflieg Karlsruhe aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2003
Caernarfon Airworld Aviation Museum. Caernarfon Airworld Aviation Museum is an air museum located on the former Royal Air Force station at Llandwrog, near Caernarfon in North Wales.

History 
The airfield was known as RAF Llandwrog, opening in January 1941 as a RAF Bomber Command airfield for training gunners, radio operators and navigators and closed after the end of the Second World War in 1945. Due to the large numbers of aircraft crashing in the nearby mountains of Snowdonia, it was here that the RAF Mountain Rescue Service was formed in 1943. Postwar, the airfield was used as a storage facility for chemical weapons recovered from Europe. It reopened in 1969 and remains in civil operation today as Caernarfon Airport.

The museum opened in 1988, and is located in a purpose built hangar.

Aircraft on display 
The museum has the following aircraft on display:
 Westland Whirlwind helicopter
 Gloster Javelin (nose section)
 Hawker Sea Hawk
 de Havilland Vampire T11
 Hawker Hunter F1
 BAe Harrier T2
 Slingsby Kirby Cadet glider
 Bristol Sycamore helicopter (cabin)
 Vickers Varsity (cockpit)

See also
List of aviation museums

External links 

Airworld Aviation Museum

Military aviation museums in the United Kingdom
Aerospace museums in the United Kingdom
National Vietnam Veterans Museum. The National Vietnam Veterans Museum is an Australian war museum located in Phillip Island, Victoria. Originally it was established in San Remo, Victoria in 1996 by Vietnam veteran John Methven. In March 2007 it moved to a larger site near the Phillip Island Airport. The museum contains a large collection of items and vehicles, including a Centurion tank, a Mark V International Harvester truck and a 105mm pack howitzer. It also has a collection of aircraft from the era of the Vietnam war, including a de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou transport plane, an English Electric Canberra bomber, a Westland Wessex helicopter, a Bell AH-1 Cobra helicopter gunship, Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter, a Bell H-13 Sioux helicopter and a Grumman S-2 Tracker anti-submarine warfare aircraft.

References

External links
 Official homepage

Aerospace museums in Australia
Military and war museums in Australia
Vietnam War museums
Museums in Victoria (state)
Mtwara–Dar es Salaam Natural Gas Pipeline. The Mtwara–Dar es Salaam Natural Gas Pipeline (MDNGP), is a pipeline that transports natural gas from Tanzania's natural gas fields in Mnazi Bay, Mtwara Region to Dar es Salaam.

Location
The pipeline starts in Madimba Village, in Mtwara Region, in southeastern Tanzania and runs in a northerly direction, through Somanga, in Lindi Region, to end at Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's largest city, a total distance of approximately .

Background
As of October 2015, Tanzania's total electricity generation capacity stood at 1,500 MW. In 2014, hydro-power generation represented 33 percent of total capacity. Due to prolonged drought, hydro turned out to be an unreliable power source for the country. 
 In order to diversify the national energy pool, and to take advantage of the vast natural gas resources onshore and offshore in the Mtwara and Lindi regions, a natural gas pipeline was designed and constructed, to deliver the natural gas to Dar es Salaam for use in power generation, industrial applications, household cooking and in propulsion of transport vehicles.

Technical details
The main pipeline from Madimba in Mtwara Region, to Dar es Salaam, measures  in diameter. At Somanga, in Lindi Region the main pipeline is joined by a smaller  pipeline delivering natural gas from Songo Songo Island. Both processing plants, one in Madimba and the other in Songo Songo are two trains (processing units) each and together are capable of processing  of natural gas every 24 hours.

Construction, funding and time table
The construction contract was awarded to China Petroleum and Technology Development Company, a subsidiary of China National Petroleum Company, with a US$1.225 billion concessional loan from Exim Bank of China. The Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation invested US$274.492 million into the project. Construction began in June 2013, with commissioning in October 2015. The contract included the construction of the two-train gas processing plant in Madimba Village, Mtwara Region.

See also
 Tanesco
 Tanzania Liquefied Natural Gas Project
 Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation
 List of power stations in Tanzania
 Uganda–Tanzania Crude Oil Pipeline

References

External links
Tanzania launches project to pipe natural gas to capital

Energy infrastructure in Africa
Natural gas pipelines in Tanzania
Energy infrastructure in Tanzania
Mtwara Region
Lindi Region
Pwani Region
Dar es Salaam Region
Fuels infrastructure in Tanzania
Bermuda Electric Light Company. Bermuda Electric Light Company Limited (BELCO) is a Bermudian electricity-generating company. It is the country's sole supplier of electricity, operating a generating plant. transmission and distribution systems throughout the territory. It is a subsidiary of Ascendant Group Limited (AG Holdings Limited), together with Bermuda Gas, PureNERGY Renewables, and inVenture Limited.

BELCO's two generating stations are fueled by heavy fuel oil and diesel, all of which is imported. Oil is piped directly into the central electricity generating plant via a 9-mile 6 inch underground pipeline from the oil docks terminal. BELCO brought online a large solar installation at L.F. Wade International Airport in 2021 which, at 6MW peak output, provides about 8.5% of the island's electricity.  Solar and other renewable energy sources had not previously been widely used in Bermuda. In 2009, BELCO used approximately one million barrels of fuel. The import duty on the oil is very high, and electricity rates are very high by world standards. BELCO's maximum generation capacity is 165 MW, produced by diesel engines and gas turbines. The highest peak demand was 122.8 MW, recorded in August 2010. Large commercial organizations use about 40% of electricity produced.

The standard voltage in Bermuda is 120 V and the standard frequency is 60 Hz AC. Flat, two-pronged plugs (Type A) are in use. All US and Canadian appliances work on the island, without voltage converters or adapters.

History
BELCO was incorporated in 1904 as the Bermuda Electric Light, Power & Traction Company (B.E.L.P.&T.), and started to supply electricity in Bermuda on 1 May 1908. The Company purchased its present site on Serpentine Road, Hamilton in 1909 and moved its operations there.

On May 5, 2005, BELCO completed the 20-year development of the East Power Station, officially bringing the last of eight new engines online. At the same time, the Company began working on a new integrated resources plan (IRP) for the next 20 years, taking into account the Island's development and emerging issues, including renewable energy and sustainable development and energy efficiency.

On June 3, 2019 BELCO agreed to be purchased by Algonquin Power and Utilities Corp for approximately US$365 million.

References

External links

Electric power companies of Bermuda
Renewables.ninja. Renewables.ninja is a web tool developed by Imperial College London and ETH Zürich that shows the estimated amount of energy that could be generated by wind or solar farms at any location. The model has been tested by Iain Staffell who is the codeveloper of renewables.ninja, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, and Stefan Pfenninger from ETH Zürich to estimate the productivity of all wind farms planned or under construction in Europe for the next 20 years. German electrical supplier RWE are using it to test their own models of output.

References

Sustainable energy
Web software
Brett Doar. Brett Doar is a multi-disciplinary artist, engineer and contraptionist known for building Rube Goldberg machines and other interactive and kinetic devices. Doar is best known for his roles as a primary engineer for the Rube Goldberg machine in OK Go's "This Too Shall Pass" music video, lead engineer and creative director for "Red Bull Kluge," and creator of GoldieBlox's "Princess Machine". He lives and works in Los Angeles, CA.

Early life and education 
Doar was born in Cambridge Massachusetts and was raised in Charlotte, NC.  As an undergraduate he studied architecture, linguistics, literature and screenwriting at 4 universities before earning his B.A. from New School University in New York City.  He earned an M.F.A. from the Arts, Computation and Engineering program at UC Irvine in 2009. He has worked as a commercial fisherman in the Bering Sea, a bus driver, a film and video editor, and a teacher at the preschool, middle school and university level.

Work 
Doar was a primary engineer of the Rube Goldberg machine for OK Go's "This Too Shall Pass" music video, which premiered on YouTube on 2 March 2010 and achieved over 6 million views within six days. Following the viral success of this music video, Doar built a Rube Goldberg machine for The Colbert Report which was set off by Stephen Colbert in front of a live audience to coincide with OK Go's performance on the show on 29 April 2010.

In 2013, Doar created the "Princess Machine" that was featured in an ad for GoldieBlox. The ad launched on YouTube in November 2013 and garnered over 8 million views in 4 days.

In 2014, Doar created the machine used in the promotional trailer for the Android release of the mobile video game, Leo's Fortune.

References

External links 
Artist's Website

Living people
Visual effects artists
American artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Artists from Charlotte, North Carolina
University of California, Irvine alumni
Montana Environmental Information Center. The Montana Environmental Information Center is an environmental organization in the United States. It was founded in 1973 by Montanans to protect and restore Montana's natural environment.  It functions as a non-profit environmental advocacy group.

History 

The MEIC was established in 1973.

In 2016 the MEIC has taken action with the Sierra Club and sued the Colstrip Montana plant owners over permit violations and secured an agreement with Talen Energy to close Plants 1 & 2 in Colstrip by 2022. 
MEIC has also taken legal action with Sierra Club to stop expansion of the Rosebud Mine at Costrip.

References

External links 
 

Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Climate change organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Montana
Environmental organizations based in Montana
1973 establishments in Montana
Geoffrey Ozin. Geoffrey Alan Stuart Ozin FRSC is a British chemist, currently Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Materials Chemistry and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Toronto. Ozin is the recipient of numerous awards for his research on nanomaterials, including the Meldola Medal and Prize in 1972 and the Rutherford Memorial Medal in 1982. He won the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2011, the Royal Society of Chemistry's Centenary Prize in 2015, and the Humboldt Prize in 2005 and 2019. He has co-founded three university spin-off companies: Torrovap in 1985, which manufactures metal vapor synthesis scientific instrumentation; Opalux in 2006, which develops tunable photonic crystals; and Solistra in 2019, which develops photocatalysts and photoreactors for hydrogen production from carbon dioxide and methane.

Early life and education 
Initially planning on entering the family fashion and tailor business, he entered King's College London in 1962, the first member of his family to attend university. Ozin graduated with a first-class honours degree in chemistry from King's College London in 1965, and obtained his PhD in inorganic chemistry at Oriel College, Oxford in 1967 with Prof. Ian R. Beattie. He then was an Imperial Chemical Industries postdoctoral fellow at the University of Southampton from 1967-1969. In 1969, he began his independent career at the University of Toronto as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1972, and full Professor in 1977.

References

1943 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Canada Research Chairs
Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Inorganic chemists
Solid state chemists
Sodium hypobromite. Sodium hypobromite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a sodium salt of hypobromous acid. It consists of sodium cations  and hypobromite anions . It is usually obtained as the pentahydrate, so the compound that is usually called sodium hypobromite actually has the formula . It is a yellow-orange solid that is soluble in water. It adopts a monoclinic crystal structure with a Br–O bond length of 1.820 Å. It is the bromine analogue of sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in common bleach. In practice the salt is usually encountered as an aqueous solution.

Sodium hypobromite arises by treatment of aqueous solution of bromine with base:

It can be prepared in situ for use as a reagent, such as in the synthesis of 3-aminopyridine from nicotinamide (Hofmann rearrangement).

References

Hypobromites
Sodium compounds
Castrol Technology Centre. The Castrol Technology Centre is a research institute owned by BP in South Oxfordshire, north of Whitchurch-on-Thames.

History

Castrol
Castrol was founded by C.C.Wakefield in 1899, making lubricants (Wakefield lubricator) for railways.

The research site is based at Bozedown House, a former private residence originally built by William Fanning c.1870 and then rebuilt by Charles Palmer in 1907  after the original house was destroyed by fire.  It became a chemical research site in the 1950s and was purchased by Castrol in 1976.

In 1993 it won the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for its Castrol Marine Cyltech 80. Castrol employs around 7,000 staff worldwide. Castrol was bought by BP in 2000.

Structure
The site is around three-quarters of a mile north of the River Thames, east of the B471, accessed from the A4074 at Woodcote. The site has around 500 staff.

Function
Castrol has twelve research sites around the world. The site at Pangbourne is the largest of the twelve sites. Research is done on rheology and the viscosity of engine oil.

See also
 Former Esso Research Centre in Oxfordshire
 Former Shell Technology Centre in Cheshire

References

External links
 Where we operate on BP website
 CASTROL R&D: research (archived, 13 Mar 2015)

BP buildings and structures
Chemical industry in the United Kingdom
Chemical research institutes
Motor oils
Research institutes established in 1907
Research institutes in Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire District
1907 establishments in England
Thrusters (spacecraft). A thruster is a spacecraft propulsion device used for orbital station-keeping, attitude control, or long-duration, low-thrust acceleration, often as part of a reaction control system. A vernier thruster or gimbaled engine are particular cases used on launch vehicles where a secondary rocket engine or other high thrust device is used to control the attitude of the rocket, while the primary thrust engine (generally also a rocket engine) is fixed to the rocket and supplies the principal amount of thrust.

Some devices that are used or proposed for use as thrusters are:
Cold gas thruster
Electrohydrodynamic thruster, using ionized air (only for use in an atmosphere)
Electrodeless plasma thruster, electric propulsion using ponderomotive force
Electrostatic ion thruster, using high-voltage electrodes
Hall effect thruster, a type of ion thruster
Ion thruster, using beams of ions accelerated electrically
Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, electric propulsion using the Lorentz force
Pulsed inductive thruster, a pulsed form of ion thruster
Pulsed plasma thruster, using current arced across a solid propellant
RF resonant cavity thruster, an electromagnetic thruster using microwaves

See also 
 Liquid Apogee Engine – A liquid-propellant rocket used as the primary propulsion device on geostationary orbit satellites.
 Apogee kick motor – A solid-fuel rocket used as the primary propulsion device to circularize satellites inserted into a transfer orbit.

References 

Spacecraft propulsion