omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vaishnavi Institute of Technology. VITT is an engineering college in Tirupati, India. Founded in 2007, it is  from Tirupati.

The campus spreads over . Vaishnavi Institute of Technology was established in 2007, under the management of the Vaishnavi Educational Society.

Facilities
 Medical facilities
 Hostel facilities for girls

Bus
Buses are provided by the college for students and faculty who are staying in Tirupati and Tiruchanoor from Tanapalli.

Library
VIT has been registered as a centre for Jawaharlal Nehru Knowledge Center (JKC).

References

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Tirupati
Educational institutions established in 2007
2007 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Post in ground. A post in ground construction, also called earthfast or hole-set posts, is a type of construction in which vertical, roof-bearing timbers, called posts, are in direct contact with the ground. They may be placed into excavated postholes, driven into the ground, or on sills which are set on the ground without a foundation. Earthfast construction is common from the Neolithic period to the present and is used worldwide. Post-in-the-ground construction is sometimes called an "impermanent" form, used for houses which are expected to last a decade or two before a better quality structure can be built.

Post in ground construction can also include sill on grade, wood-lined cellars, and pit houses. Most pre-historic and medieval wooden dwellings worldwide were built post in ground.

History
This type of construction is often believed  to be an intermediate form between a palisade construction and a stave construction. Because the postholes are easily detected in archaeological surveys, they can be distinguished from the other two.

Post in ground was one of the timber construction methods used for French colonial structures in New France; it was called poteaux-en-terre.

The Japanese also used a type of earthfast construction until the eighteenth century, which they call Hottate-bashira (literally "embedded pillars").

The Dogon people in Africa use post in ground construction for their toguna, community gathering places typically located in the center of villages for official and informal meetings.

Poteaux-en-terre

In the historical region of New France in North America, poteaux-en-terre was a historic style of earthfast timber framing. This method is similar to poteaux-sur-sol, but the boulin (hewn posts) are planted in the ground rather than landing on a sill plate. The spaces between the boulin are filled with bousillage (reinforced mud) or pierrotage (stones and mud). Surviving examples of both types of structures can be found at Ste. Genevieve, Missouri.

Gallery of poteaux-en-terre

See also
French colonization of the Americas
Old Spanish Fort (Pascagoula, Mississippi). The La Pointe-Krebs House.
Pit-house
Post church
Ste. Genevieve, Missouri
Stilt house

References

External links

 EARTHFAST ARCHITECTURE IN EARLY MAINE 
 Earthfast Architecture at the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities

Building engineering
History of construction
New France
French-Canadian culture in the United States
French-American culture in Missouri
Missouri culture
French colonial architecture
Foundations (buildings and structures)

ja:掘立柱
Urmson & Thompson. Urmson & Thompson was a company that manufactured stationary steam engines. It was based in Oldham, Lancashire, England. The company were general millwrights, also producing some steam engines during the 19th century and after 1904 produced large steam-driven engines for textile mills in Oldham.

History
John Urmson and John E Thompson started business in 1865 in Hathershaw, Oldham. While Urmson was a trained engineer who had worked at Woolstenhulmes & Rye, Thompson is thought to have contributed capital. Thompson died in 1882, and Urmson with his sons John and Andrew continued the business. On the sons' death in 1888 the firm was incorporated, and continued until 1933.

The firm operated out of the Hathershaw Foundry. Initially millwrights, in the 1870s they started making stationary steam engines as well. From 1904 they made a series of large mill engines. The largest was a 2000ihp engine for Ace Mill Co. Ltd., Chadderton in 1914. This was erected in 1919.

The later engines were large. Arthur Roberts reported that Hartford Mill was powered by an 1800 hp twin-tandem compound engine by Urmson and Thompson, built in 1907. It was steamed at 160 psi at 68 rpm. It had a 5 ft stroke driving a 24 ft flywheel. The transmission method was a rope drive using 40 ropes. The engine was reputed to be the only twin-tandem that Urmson & Thompson built. It had two 30" diameter HP (high-pressure) cylinders at the rear, and two 60" LP (low-pressure) cylinders in front. There were Corliss valves on all cylinders. The air pumps were driven from each crosshead. There was a Whitehead governor. The engine cost £5400 and the three boilers cost £1900.

Mills driven by Urmson & Thompson engines
Urmson & Thompson produced mill engines in the boom years of the 1870s, and millwrighted (i.e. produced the bevelled gear shafts) for mills such as Nile Mill, Chadderton. The period 1904–1914 was productive, when they created engines rating a total of 14,300 ihp for nine Oldham mills:
Parkfield Mill, Oldham – 1874
Hollinwood Mill, Failsworth – 1874
Honeywell Mill, Oldham – 1874
Copster Mill – 1904
Hartford Mill, Werneth – 1907
Gorse Mill, Chadderton – 1908
Ace Mill, Chadderton – 1914 (aka Gorse No.2 Mill)
Falcon Mill, Chadderton – 1915

References

Notes

Bibliography

Industrial Revolution
Steam engine manufacturers
Companies based in Oldham
Intelligent Home Control. Intelligent House Concept is a building automation system using a star configured topology with wires to each device. Originally made by LK, but now owned by Schneider Electric and sold as "IHC Intelligent House Concept".

The system is made up of a central controller and up to 8 input modules and 16 output modules. Each input module can have 16 digital (on/off) inputs and each output module 8 digital (on/off) outputs, resulting in a total of 128 input and 128 outputs per controller.

Module control protocol 

The central controller has one point-to-point data communication wire connected to each module. The protocol between the central controller and the modules uses a 5V pulse width encoding as follows:
 A header that is 4100 μs high and 300 μs low
 One pulse per I/O port, i.e. 16 pulses for input modules and 8 pulses for output modules
 One addition parity pulse; an even number of pulses is 0 parity and odd number pulses is 1 parity
 The pulse width is 600 μs
 A 0 (input or output off, or even parity) is encoded as 300 μs high and 300 μs low
 A 1 (input or output on, or odd parity) is encoded as 150 μs high and 450 μs low

The above signal constantly repeats.

References 

 Smart Home Automation for Better, Smarter Living

Building automation
Home automation
PZL M-21 Dromader Mini. The PZL M-24 Dromader Mini (Dromader is Polish for "Dromedary"), originally named the Lama (Polish for "Llama"), is a single engine agricultural aircraft, developed in the 1980s by WSK-Mielec (later PZL-Mielec) from the PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader. The prototype, registration SP-PDM, first flew on 18 June 1982. It did not progress beyond the  prototyping stage.

Development
By the early 1980s, WSK-Mielec was aware that the economics of aerial application in agriculture varied according to the characteristics of the land being treated. One relevant factor was the size of the plot, where a larger aircraft is more cost-effective for treating a larger area of land, and a smaller aircraft more cost-effective for a smaller area. The company therefore decided to manufacture a range of agricultural aircraft of different sizes, based on the already-proven M-18 design. This member of the family was intended for smaller areas of land, up to about .

The M-21 was designed to retain as much commonality with the M-18 as possible; ultimately around 70% was achieved. Common areas included the cabin, rear fuselage, empennage, outer wing panels, and mainwheels. The desire to maximise this commonality resulted in an overall weight greater than what would otherwise have been necessary.

Design work commenced in January 1980 and was concluded by June that year. Construction of the first prototype began in August 1981, and it first flew on 18 June 1982. Three prototypes were built: two for flight testing and one for static tests.

The prototypes were tested from 1982 to 1986, when the design was certified. However, PZL did not have capacity to manufacture the design alongside the company's existing programs and no further examples were built. 

A turboprop version, the M-21T, powered by a Walter M601A, was designed but never constructed.

Design
The M-21 is a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. Construction is of metal throughout. It is equipped with a single seat in an enclosed cabin. Power is supplied by a single PZL-3SR radial engine mounted tractor-fashion in the nose.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

M21
1980s Polish agricultural aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
PZL M-25 Dromader Mikro. The PZL M-25 Dromader Mikro (Dromader is Polish for "Dromedary") is an unbuilt project for a single engine agricultural aircraft, developed in the 1980s by the WSK-Mielec (later PZL-Mielec) from the PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader. It did not progress beyond the design stage.

Development
During the 1980s, PZL developed a range of agricultural aircraft optimised for larger and smaller areas of land than their successful M-18 Dromader. These included the downsized M-21 Dromader Mini and the enlarged M-24 Dromader Super, both of which flew in prototype form. The M-25 Dromader Mikro would have been the smallest of the family.

It was intended not only for aerial spraying, but to direct aerial spraying operations. PZL hoped it might replace other small agricultural aircraft in widespread use in Comecon countries, such as the PZL-101 Gawron and Zlin Z 37. However, by 1988, the project was abandoned along with the M-21 and M-24 as the company did not have sufficient capacity to manufacture additional designs.

Design
The M-25 was designed as a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. Construction was to be metal throughout. It would have been equipped with a single seat in an enclosed cabin. Power would be supplied by a single PZL AI-14 radial engine mounted tractor-fashion in the nose.

Specifications (as designed)

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 

M21
1980s Polish agricultural aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Fisher Flyer. The Fisher Flyer was a single seat tricycle landing gear biplane ultralight aircraft, which was first flown by Michael Fisher in July 1980. It was the first aircraft designed by Fisher and became the first of more than 3500 Fisher aircraft flying by 2007.

Development
The Flyer was specifically designed to meet the requirements of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, which was under regulatory consideration at the time the aircraft was built. These requirements included a maximum empty weight of .

The aircraft was a conventional single-seat ultralight, featuring wings sourced from the Easy Riser hang glider. However, the fuselage and tail were of original design. The airframe structure was of aluminum tube, covered with aircraft fabric. The landing gear was of a fixed tricycle configuration.

The Flyer was fitted with a  Zenoah engine. The aircraft had an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of just

Operational history
Only one Flyer was built and, because FAR Part 103 was not in effect yet, the aircraft was registered as an Experimental – Amateur-built. As of October 2009 the aircraft is no longer registered with the FAA.

Specifications (Flyer)

See also

References

1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1980
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Flyer
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
C. Clement French. Charles Clement French (October 24, 1901 – March 6, 1988) was an American academic leader and the sixth President of Washington State University in Pullman, serving from 1952

Early life and education
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, French was the son of Henry Sailer French of New Jersey and Gertrude Comly MacMillan of Pennsylvania.

He earned his B.S. in chemical engineering in 1922 from the University of Pennsylvania, and was elected to Tau Beta Pi engineering honorary and the Priestly Chemical Society. He earned his M.S. in chemistry in 1923 and his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1927, both degrees also from Penn. His doctoral dissertation was titled "The Effect of Neutral Salts on Catalytic Decompositions."

Career

In 1930, French was an instructor of chemistry at his alma mater, the University of Pennsylvania. From Penn he went to Randolph-Macon Women's College in Lynchburg, Virginia, where he was dean of the college from 1936 to 1949. During that period, he was chairman of the Committee on the Improvement of Instruction of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. The committee conducted research and published results. On January 13, 1947, in Boston, he was elected an officer of the American Conference of Academic Deans.

He served as vice president at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in Blacksburg from January 1949 to August 1950, when he was named dean of the college at Texas A&M University in College Station. Then on February 24, 1952, the Board of Regents selected him to become the sixth president of the State College of Washington in Pullman. The institution was renamed Washington State University in 1959, the midpoint of his presidency.

Recognition
After his retirement, Washington State University honored French in 1968, naming the new administration building the French Administration Building. In addition, WSU created a scholarship fund established in his honor, named "The Helen B. and C. Clement French Scholarship" as he requested.

French received honorary degrees from Whitworth College (Spokane) and Pacific Lutheran University (near Tacoma) and from the University of Punjab in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Family

French married Helen Augusta Black. Born January 15, 1902, she was the daughter of Arthur Proctor Black and Clara Belle Kiplinger. Married in late 1925, they had a son and a daughter; Helen died in 1976 and they are buried at the city cemetery

References

External links
 C. Clement French Profile as Past President of Washington State University
 C. Clement French Records, 1957-1966, Washington State University

1901 births
1988 deaths
Presidents of Washington State University
20th-century American academics
James J. Stoker. James Johnston Stoker (March 2, 1905 – October 19, 1992) was an American applied mathematician and engineer. He was director of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and is considered one of the founders of the institute, Courant and Friedrichs being the others. Stoker is known for his work in differential geometry and theory of water waves. He is also the author of the now classic book Water Waves: The Mathematical Theory with Applications.

Career
Hailing from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Stoker started his career as a mining engineer. In the 1930s, he went to Zürich to pursue a doctorate in mechanics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. One of the first courses he took there was by Heinz Hopf on geometry. Stoker was so impressed by the subject, and the teacher, that he switched his doctoral programme to differential geometry He received his Ph.D. degree under the supervision of Hopf and George Pólya. Hopf later recommended Stoker to Richard Courant. In 1937 Stoker, along with Courant's former student Kurt O. Friedrichs, joined Courant in the Department of Mathematics at the New York University. With Stoker's engineering background and Friedrichs' mastery in mathematics, the two were effectively collaborated on many applied problems such as plate theory.

On Courant's retirement in 1958 Stoker succeeded him as director and served until 1966. It was during Stoker's period as director, the Institute acquired greater autonomy within the University framework. It became the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in 1965. Friedrichs succeeded Stoker as director in 1966.

Honors and awards
The American Mathematical Society selected Stoker as the Josiah Willards Gibbs lecturer for 1961.
In 1970, Stoker received the Timoshenko Medal in recognition of distinguished contributions to the field of applied mechanics.

Books
Differential Geometry, Wiley-Interscience (1989). 
Water Waves: The Mathematical Theory with Applications, Wiley-Interscience (1957). 1992 pbk reprint

Stoker's book on "Water Waves" is a significant work which summarises the state of knowledge in water wave theory in 1957. The focus is on linear wave theory.
Nonlinear Vibrations in Mechanical and Electrical Systems, Wiley-Interscience (1950).

References

External links

James J. Stoker's obituary at the New York Times

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
ETH Zurich alumni
20th-century American mathematicians
1905 births
1992 deaths
American textbook writers
Izola (appliances). Izola was one of the most historic brand names in Greek industrial history. The company was founded in 1930 as a manufacturer of metal products (mostly metal tubing) and in 1934 was taken over by Panagiotis Drakos who since 1906 owned a company involved in hydraulic equipment trading. Panagiotis and his son Georgios are connected with the spectacular rise of this company that became a dominant manufacturer of home appliances in Greece after World War II. 

Izola produced equipment for the Greek military during preparations after the outbreak of World War II, while during the Axis occupation its facilities were used by the occupying powers for vehicle repair and maintenance. It recovered soon after the war and in 1951 it introduced its first electric home appliances. Soon an extended range of products was introduced (kitchen ovens, refrigerators, freezers, heaters, TV sets etc.) and the company became a legendary success story in Greek industrial history. These were the times of the Greek economic miracle and industries like Izola benefited greatly from improving living standards. Izola was a classic case of a brand name associated in people's minds with progress, modernity and a more comfortable life. Its demise, however, is equally spectacular and is in a way representative of the sad evolutions in Greek industry in general, after 1980. The beginning of the end came with the disastrous merger with Eskimo, a former competitor, in 1977, after the company had already started facing some economic problems. The new company (Elinda, for [H]ellenic Industry of Appliances) was a financial ruin only a few years later, and in 1991 it effectively went out of business altogether. Today, a huge, idle and run-down factory near Thiva bears testimony to the downfall of one of Greece's most beloved and (once) successful brand names.

References/External links 
A Greek fairy tale without a happy end, article in Imerisia newspaper (in Greek)
L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)

Greek brands
Home appliance manufacturers of Greece
Defunct manufacturing companies of Greece
Greek companies established in 1930
Manufacturing companies established in 1930
Robotix (toyline). Robotix is a line of toy motorized modular construction sets used for constructing robotic creatures, vehicles and machines, often including action figures. Robotix toys were first marketed by the Milton Bradley Company (MB) from 1984 until 1986. The 1985 cartoon series Robotix was based on these toys. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Robotix toys were sold by RC2 Corporation under its Learning Curve brand. Learning Curve changed the colors of the original MB toys from mostly black and white to bright colors, introduced new parts, and expanded the range of playsets.

As of 2014, Robotix toys are sold by Robotics and Things, based in Simi Valley, California, which also offers STEM enrichment programs for children.

Parts

Robotix parts, despite originating in the United States, use the metric system of measurement for their pieces. For example, they sell three arm pieces: 50mm Arm, 75mm Arm and 100mm Arm. These parts connect using a male/female attachment system, where each connection is in the shape of an octagon. The toy was high quality for its time of creation, featuring heavy plastics and rounded corners.

Ownership
Robotix toys were sold by the Milton Bradley Company from 1984 until 1994. An animated series of the same name was released in 1985.

Learning Curve Brands began offering Robotix sets in 1994, and continued offering them until 2001. The packaging at this time changed to reflect the Learning Curve name, and many new parts were added. Since 2001, Robotics and Things has continued to sell Robotix toys through the internet. Despite the changes in distribution, products currently available are fully backward compatible with all toys from 1984 onward. Information provided by Neil L. Friedman, Director of "Robotics And Things" in an email dated 11/5/2007.

In 2019, Robotics and Things retired from business and was succeeded by Robotic Rice LLC. Robotic Rice has continued to sell Robotix toys until early 2021, when they have been forced to drop the Robotix product line due to the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

1980s toys
Construction toys
Alf Lysholm. Alf James Rudolf Lysholm (14 December 1893 – 20 February 1973) was a Swedish engineer.

Career

Lysholm worked for the Ljungstrom steam turbine company, where he rose to become Chief Engineer.

He is noted for the invention of the rotary screw compressor, which he developed in the 1930s while working on a series of unsuccessful gas turbine engines.

He also developed the hydraulic torque converter.

References

External links
 Swedish Wikipedia article
"Alf Lysholm", Motoring Weekly.

Swedish mechanical engineers
1893 births
1973 deaths
James Anderson (biomedical engineer). James M. Anderson is an American professor of pathology, macromolecular science and biomedical engineering at Case Western Reserve University.  He received the Elsevier Biomaterials Gold Medal for the most significant contributions to biomaterials science by an individual from 1980 to 2005. He has been a leader in the development of prosthetics, and has been called an "internationally recognized scientist who has made pioneering and significant advancements in the understanding of the inflammatory cell biology of tissue interactions with biomaterials and implantable medical devices."  Anderson has served as a president of both the Society for Biomaterials and the Controlled Release Society.

He has been elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. He was also elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2013 for contributions to understanding tissue/biomaterials interactions for designing and testing medical devices. 

Throughout his career he has worked closely with the NIH, the Food and Drug Administration, the International Organization for Standardization, and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

He was educated at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire and at Oregon State University.

References

External links
Blog.case.edu
Uwec.edu
Case.edu

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire alumni
Oregon State University alumni
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Presidents of Society for Biomaterials