omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Andrew Adamatzky. Andrew Adamatzky is a British computer scientist, who is a Director of the Unconventional Computing Laboratory and Professor in Unconventional Computing at the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Adamatzky is known for his research in unconventional computing. In particular, he has worked on chemical computers using reaction–diffusion processes.
He has used slime moulds to plan potential routes for roadway systems and as components of nanorobotic systems, and discovered that they seek out valerian tablets, promoted as a herbal sedative, in preference to nutrients. He has also shown that the billiard balls in billiard-ball computers may be replaced by soldier crabs.

Adamatzky is a director of the Unconventional Computing Laboratory, founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Cellular Automata (OCP Science, 2005–) and the International Journal of Unconventional Computing (OCP Science, 2005–), and current Editor-in-Chief of Parallel Processing Letters (World Scientific, 2017–).

He appears in the 2014 documentary The Creeping Garden and in the 2019 documentary Le Blob.

Bibliography 
Adamatzky is the author or co-author of several books:
Identification of Cellular Automata (Taylor & Francis, 1994)
Computing in Nonlinear Media and Automata Collectives (Institute of Physics, 2001)
Dynamics of Crowd-Minds: Patterns of Irrationality in Emotions, Beliefs and Actions (World Scientific, 2005)
Reaction-Diffusion Computers (with Ben De Lacy Costello and Tetsuya Asai, Elsevier, 2005)
Physarum Machines: Computers from Slime Mould (World Scientific, 2010)
Reaction-Diffusion Automata (Springer, 2013)
The Silence of Slime Mould (Luniver Press, 2014) (an album of art works)

In addition he is the editor or co-editor of many edited volumes.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Russian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British computer scientists
Cellular automatists
Academics of the University of the West of England, Bristol
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University
Maderup Mølle. Maderup Mølle  is a smock mill originally built in Maderup, about   south-west of Bogense, on the island of Funen in Denmark. It was constructed in 1832 and operated as a grain mill until the mid-1930s.The building was dismantled in 1941  and moved to The Funen Village, an  museum in Odense, where it now stands.

The windmill is built to an octagonal design. The upper part is reed-thatched, and the cap is thatched with straw.

References

Smock mills in Denmark
Thatched buildings in Denmark
Windmills completed in 1832
Nordfyn Municipality
Octagonal buildings in Denmark
Peter Cornwell (computer scientist). Peter Cornwell (born 2 July 1958) is a British computer scientist and media theorist. He developed integrated circuits for early parallel computers and undertook pioneering work in high performance computer image generation and public display systems.

Career
Cornwell studied electronics and computing science in London after fine art in the Netherlands, and then joined Texas Instruments, working on the first microprocessors and becoming head of European research for TI's Industrial Systems Division.

He worked as an expert for the EU's European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology; for the UK's Science and Engineering Research Council on advanced computer architectures and also developed London University's successful bid to establish its Centre for Parallel Computing. His current research is in archive infrastructures and sustainable data.

In 2016 he founded the archive research company data-futures. 
Since 2016 he is a research fellow at the École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, Lyon.
Since 1998 he has run the London media research company "BLIP", which undertook commercial and cultural public display installations, operated an international display infrastructure and funds university research projects. He has exhibited media art in Austria, Finland,
Germany, Japan, the U.K. and U.S., organised the 2007 Media Architecture conference and has been visiting professor of computing and art at several Austrian, German and UK universities.

In 1989 Cornwell started Division Inc. a California high performance computer graphics company, developing 3D simulation systems for NASA and aerospace, architecture, networking and pharmaceutical companies. He founded the Visual Theory Group at Imperial College, London, and later became head of the Institute of Visual Media at ZKM, Karlsruhe.

References

External links
 data futures GmbH
 "BLIP": Bright Lights Intellectual Property ltd

1958 births
British computer scientists
Living people
Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute (SADRI), previously known as Shanghai Aircraft Research Institute (SARI), is a Chinese design institute, part of the ACAC consortium. Founded in the 1970s as First Aircraft Design Institute Shanghai Branch it became a part of ACAC in 2002 and was renamed Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute in 2009.  The design institute's head office is located at 5 Yunjin Road next to Longhua Airport in the Xuhui District of  Shanghai.

SADRI has done liaison engineering and airworthiness test for MD-82 and MD-90 airliners.

Products

 Shanghai Y-10 - airliner
 Shaanxi Y-8 - co-designed reversed engineered transport aircraft with Shaanxi Aircraft Corporation
 ARJ21 - Regional jet airliner 
 C919 - Narrow-body jet airliner

References

Aerospace companies of China
Companies with year of establishment missing
AuCom Electronics. AuCom Electronics Ltd is a global company headquartered in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is one of the top 50 technology exporters in New Zealand.

History
AuCom was established in 1978 by engineer Mark Empson and entrepreneur Ray Archer. The company was originally set up to manufacture a range of top end stereo amplifiers, but was also involved in the design energy saving devices for single and three phase induction motors.

AuCom Electronics began manufacturing these energy saving devices under licence from American space agency NASA. From this technology AuCom developed a range of commercially viable soft starters.

AuCom has since expanded its range to include a wider range of industrial electronics, motor control centres and switchgear.

On 17 December 2019 AuCom Electronics Ltd merged with Benshaw Inc. as part of Unico Technologies Group. Unico Technologies Group was founded by Sun Capital when it acquired Benshaw and Unico Drives from Regal Beloit Corporation in 2019. Both AuCom and Benshaw will continue to operate under their own brand names.

Sales and distribution
AuCom has sales offices in New Zealand, Germany, USA, China, and Dubai. It has over 40 distributors in more than 80 countries throughout the world.

Products
Some examples of AuCom's industrial motor control offerings are:
Low Voltage Soft Starters: EMX4, EMX3, CSXi, CSX, IMS2
Medium Voltage Soft Starters: MVS, MVX, MVE

References

Manufacturing companies of New Zealand
Companies based in Christchurch
Electronics companies established in 1978
New Zealand brands
Audio equipment manufacturers of New Zealand
New Zealand companies established in 1978
Shigaite. Shigaite is a mineral with formula NaAl3(Mn2+)6(SO4)2(OH)18·12H2O that typically occurs as small, hexagonal crystals or thin coatings. It is named for Shiga Prefecture, Japan, where it was discovered in 1985. The formula was significantly revised in 1996, identifying sodium as a previously unknown constituent.

Description

Shigaite occurs as hexagonal tabular crystals up to  in size or as thin films and coatings. The mineral can be yellow, burnt orange, brown or black in color.  Shigaite occurs in metamorphosed deposits of manganese ore and is the Mn2+ analogue of motukoreaite.

Structure
Shigaite consists of oxycation sheets of [AlMn2+2(OH)6]1+ intercalated with oxyanion sheets of [Na(H2O)6{H2O}6(SO4)2]3−. Linkage between the sheets and within the oxyanion sheet results largely through hydrogen bonding.

History
Shigaite was discovered in 1985 in the Ioi Mine, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The original study, published in the journal Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, identified the formula as Al4Mn7(SO4)2(OH)22·8H2O. The formula was significantly revised in 1996 using a sample from the N'Chwaning Mine, South Africa. Sodium, discovered to be a component of shigaite, was not identified in the original study. However, an unidentified volatile had been noted that presumably was a sodium-containing complex.

Distribution
, shigaite is known from the following sites:
Iron Monarch open cut, South Australia, Australia
Poudrette quarry, Quebec, Canada
Ioi mine, Shiga Prefecture, Japan
Wessels Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
N'Chwaning Mine, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Homer Mine, Michigan, United States
Bengal Mine, Michigan, United States

The type material is housed in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. as sample 122089.

Association
Shigaite has been found associated with the following minerals:

Ioi mine, Japan
rhodochrosite
sonolite
manganosite
pyrochroite
jacobsite
hausmannite
galaxite

Wessels Mine, South Africa
rhodochrosite
leucophoenicite
gageite
caryopilite

Iron Monarch, South Australia
arsenoclasite
gatehouseite
hematite
hausmannite
manganoan ferroan calcite
barite
gypsum

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

Sulfate minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Aluminium minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 148
Atlantic Bridge, Panama. The Atlantic Bridge () is a road bridge in Colón, Panama spanning the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. Completed in 2019, it is the third bridge over the canal after the Bridge of the Americas and the Centennial Bridge, both on the Pacific side of the canal.

The bridge is a double-pylon, double-plane, concrete girder, cable-stayed bridge with a main span of  and two side spans of . The east and west approaches are  and  long, respectively. The bridge was designed by the China Communication Construction Company and built by Vinci Construction.

Route
The bridge is part of a local connection road (as yet unnamed) between Bolivar Highway in the east and the undeveloped western area. It will replace the nearby Panama Canal Ferry. It is the only bridge north of the Culebra Cut (Puente Centenario).

Construction
Three consortiums were approved to bid for the bridge construction: Acciona Infraestructuras -Tradeco (Spain and Mexico), Odebrecht–Hyundai Joint Venture (Brazil and Korea), and Vinci Construction Grands Projets (France). Tenders were received in August 2012.

In October 2012, the Panama Canal Authority awarded a contract to the French company Vinci Construction to build a third (permanent) bridge, near the Atlantic side, for an offer price of . At that time the bridge had no name, but Third bridge and Atlantic side bridge were used, as well as Atlantic Bridge.

Construction of the bridge and access viaducts, which commenced in January 2013, was planned to take three and a half years and was expected to be completed in 2016.  The main span of the bridge was keyed (joined into a single span) on 6 September 2018. The bridge was unveiled by Panama President Laurentino Cortizo and Panama Canal Administrator Jorge Quijano on Friday 2 August 2019.

See also
List of bridges in Panama

References

External links

 Atlantic Bridge website  by Vinci SA
 Atlantic Bridge article  by China Communications Construction
 

Panama Canal
Colón, Panama
Bridges in Panama
Road bridges
Cable-stayed bridges in Panama
Girder bridges
Concrete bridges
Buildings and structures in Colón Province
Bridges completed in 2019
2019 establishments in Panama
Transcontinental crossings
WaterML. WaterML is a technical standard and information model used to represent hydrological time series structures. The current version is WaterML 2.0, released an open standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

History

WaterML 1.0
Version 1.0 of WaterML was published in 2009 by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science. WaterML 1.0 (and 1.1) is an XML exchange format developed for use specifically in the United States.

WaterML 2.0
WaterML 2.0 is an open standard of the OGC. Version 2.0 marks a harmonisation with different formats from various organisations and countries, including the Australian Water Data Transfer Format, WaterML 1.0 from the United States, XHydro from Germany, and with existing OGC formats. WaterML 2.0 was adopted as an official standard by the OGC in September 2012, endorsed by the US Federal Geographic Data Committee, and has been proposed for adoption by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).

Example uses include: exchange of data for operational hydrological monitoring programs; supporting operation of infrastructure (e.g. dams, supply systems); cross-border exchange of observational data; release of data for public dissemination; enhancing disaster management through data exchange; and exchange in support of national reporting. The standard was developed through a harmonisation process by members of the joint OGC-WMO Hydrology Domain Working Group.

Structure 
WaterML 2.0 makes use of existing OGC standards, primarily Observations and Measurements (O&M) and the Geography Markup Language (GML). This enhances consistency and interoperability with other standards and web services. Through use of the O&M standard, WaterML 2.0 defines types allowing for standard definition of the core properties relating to hydrological time series, including:

 The observed phenomenon 
 Spatial context
 Temporal bounds
 Procedure used in generating the time series (e.g. raw data from a sensor)
 Result-specific metadata, such as time series qualifiers, interpolation types, comments, quality codes etc.
 Monitoring points
 Collections of related objects
 Vocabularies for domain-specific terms

The core information model is defined using the Unified Modelling Language, allowing for flexibility in creating implementation-specific encodings. The standard defines a GML-conformant XML encoding allowing for use with OGC Web Services.

See also 

  Observations and Measurements
  Sensor Observation Service
  Water Data Transfer Format

References 

HighBeam
HighBeam
HighBeam

Markup languages
Open Geospatial Consortium
XML-based standards
Environmental data
Open standards
Charles Sandbank. Professor Charles Peter Sandbank FBKSTS FInstP FREng FRSA FRTS (14 August 1931 – 15 December 2008) was a British electronics engineer.

Early life
Sandbank was born in Vienna in 1931. He attended Bromley Grammar School (now the Ravensbourne School). He graduated in physics at London University and specialised in electronic engineering for a postgraduate diploma at Imperial College.

Career
From 1955 to 1960 he worked in electronics at the Brimar Valve Company, a pioneering electronics company. In 1960 he moved to Standard Telephones and Cables (STC), working in electronics, where he developed some of the earliest semiconductor integrated circuits in Europe.

From 1978 to 1984, he was head of BBC Research in Surrey. From 1984 to 1991, he was deputy director of engineering at the BBC.

At the BBC he worked on the BBC Micro computer project and digital television.

He was a member of the British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.

Personal life
He married in 1955 and had two twin daughters and a son. He lived in Reigate, Surrey, with his wife Audrey, and in Beccles, Suffolk. He enjoyed boating and sailing, spending many summers on the Norfolk Broads with his family and friends. He had eight grandchildren.

References

External links
 BBC Engineering
 The Times March 2009

BBC people
British electronics engineers
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
People from Reigate
Television pioneers
1931 births
2008 deaths
Plate (structure). A plate is a structural element which is characterized by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very small when compared with other dimensions.

The effects of the loads that are expected to be applied on it only generate stresses whose resultants are, in practical terms, exclusively normal to the element's thickness. Their mechanics are the main subject of the plate theory.

Thin plates are initially flat structural members bounded by two parallel planes, called faces, and a cylindrical surface, called an edge or boundary. The generators of the cylindrical surface are perpendicular to the plane faces. The distance between the plane faces is called the thickness (h) of the plate. It will be assumed that the plate thickness is small compared with other characteristic dimensions of the faces (length, width, diameter, etc.). Geometrically, plates are bounded either by straight or curved boundaries. The static or dynamic loads carried by plates are predominantly perpendicular to the plate faces.

See also 
 Shell
 Bending of plates

References

 Stephen Timoshenko & S. Woinowsky-Krieger (1940,59) Theory of Plates and Shells, McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Solid mechanics
Structural system
Shell (structure). A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses.
Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures).

Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings.

Definition
A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat. Membrane action in a shell is primarily caused by in-plane forces (plane stress), but there may be secondary forces resulting from flexural deformations. Where a flat plate acts similar to a beam with bending and shear stresses, shells are analogous to a cable which resists loads through tensile stresses. The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression.

Types
The most popular types of thin-shell structures are:
 Concrete shell structures, often cast as a monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof
 Lattice shell structures, also called gridshell structures, often in the form of a geodesic dome or a hyperboloid structure
 Membrane structures, which include fabric structures and other tensile structures, cable domes, and pneumatic structures.

See also

 Monocoque
 Diagrid
 Stretched grid method
 List of thin-shell structures
Persons related:
 Félix Candela
 Dyckerhoff & Widmann
 Wilhelm Flügge
 Eugène Freyssinet
 Heinz Isler
 Pier Luigi Nervi
 Plate
 Frei Otto
 Ernest Edwin Sechler
 Vladimir Shukhov
 All-Russia Exhibition 1896
 Eduardo Torroja
 Membrane theory of shells

References

Further reading

External links

 Thin-shell structures
 Double thin-shells structures
 Hypar & Concrete Shells
 Past and Future of Grid Shell Structures
 Shape optimization of Shell and Spatial structure (PDF)
 Lattice Shell for Space Vehicles (PDF)
 International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures

Solid mechanics
Structural system
Carolyn Parton. Carolyn Parton (born 1964) is a South African artist living and working in Cape Town. 

Parton is particularly interested in the impact of artists and their art making on the environment. Many of her works are made using spent and discarded paint tubes from other artists, which are then recycled into new images. Parton's work addresses both the waste generated in traditional painting and the environmental impact of the paint itself. The weight of reclaimed paint used in a piece determines the piece's title.

Career
Enviroserv Waste Art winner (2008)
Spier Contemporary (2010)

Awards
 2010: Spier Contemporary finalist
 2008: Enviroserv Waste Art winner
 2006: University of South Africa Award for top Art student

Exhibitions
 2010: Spier Contemporary, Cape Town City Hall.
 2007: Solo exhibition, Release, X-Cape, Hippocampus, Cape Town.
 2004/2006: University of South Africa student group exhibitions, ArtB Gallery, Bellville.

References

Living people
1964 births
University of South Africa alumni
20th-century South African women artists
21st-century South African women artists
Artists from Cape Town
Torben Larsen. Torben Larsen (May 1, 1942) is a noted Danish scientist working in the field of hydrology and water pollution.

Biography 
Torben Larsen was born in Copenhagen on 1 May 1942. He graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering from the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt (Technical University of Denmark) in 1966.

From 1967 to 1969 Larsen worked for the Directorate for Hydraulic Engineering. In 1969 he moved to Aalborg to work for Danmarks Ingeniørakademi, later Aalborg University. In 1989 he was appointed Associate Professor and in 2001 Professor. In 2001 Torben Larsen defended his doctoral thesis about dilution of waste water in the coastal zone. Between 1997 and 2005 Larsen was a member of Statens Teknisk-videnskabelige Forskningsråd (the Danish Technical-Scientific Research Board).

Larsen has been working on the possibility of closing the Thyborøn channel in the Limfjorden to prevent flooding in the low coastal areas.

References 

1942 births
Danish scientists
Hydrologists
Living people
Academic staff of Aalborg University
Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, previously known as Tashkent Architectural Construction Institute was organized by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (No. 400, May 6, 1991) as part of Tashkent State Technical University. The institute offers architectural and construction. The institute has the faculty of Architecture, Department of Building and Construction, Civil Engineering and Construction Management, as well as the department of International Relations.

Full-time and part-time faculty train more than 3,000 students from 16 educational areas, which include 20 specialties. During training, students have the opportunity to develop theoretical knowledge and research skills. Scientific and educational work is done by more than 200 highly qualified professors. Specialised unions offer doctoral and master's theses in architecture and construction.

The institute's research is included in the State Science and Technology Plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The institute's specialists design public and residential buildings, industrial and agricultural waste disposal facilities, develop and organize the production of efficient building materials and construction, and ensure earthquake resistance.

See also 
Inha University in Tashkent
Tashkent State Technical University
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers
Tashkent Institute of Finance
Tashkent Automobile and Road Construction Institute
Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent
Tashkent State University of Economics
Tashkent State Agrarian University
Tashkent State University of Law
Tashkent University of Information Technologies
University of World Economy and Diplomacy
Westminster International University in Tashkent

Educational institutions established in 1991
Schools in Uzbekistan
Education in Tashkent
1991 establishments in Uzbekistan