omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ruschmeyer R 90. The Ruschmeyer R 90 is a four-seat light aircraft designed and produced in Germany in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Design and development

MF-85
Ruschmeyer Luftfahrttechnik initially designed the Ruschmeyer MF-85, intended to be powered by Porsche PFM 3200 derivatives, which was debuted at the 1987 Hannover Air Show. The MF-85 was a composite four seat aircraft, planned to be offered with  engines, priced at DM245,000 to DM325,000 (excluding avionics), with optional fixed or retractable undercarriage.
The prototype (V001 D-EEHE) first flew with a  Porsche PFM 3200N, driving a 3-bladed Mühlbauer MTV.9 constant speed propeller, on 8 August 1988, piloted by Horst Ruschmeyer. The second and third aircraft, V002 (D-EERO) and V003 (D-EERH), on flew on 23 September 1990 and 12 February 1992 respectively. Despite promising flight test results, the unavailability of Porsche engines led to the development of the Textron Lycoming powered R 90.

R 90
Powered by a Lycoming IO-540-C4D5 driving a Mühlbauer MTV.14-B constant speed propeller, the production R 90-230RG was built from 1988 to the mid-1990s in Germany. The engine is de-rated to  to reduce noise, but still enables the R 90 to reach a maximum cruising speed of . 

German certification was awarded in June 1992, with 28 production aircraft built when Ruschmeyer Luftfahrttechnik filed for bankruptcy in June 1996. In 1999, the assets of Ruschmeyer were purchased by Solaris Aviation of West Palm Beach, Florida, marketing the R90 as the Solaris Sigma. In 2004, the project passed to Aircraft Technology Consulting, which restarted production in Germany, building two more aircraft by mid 2005.

Variants
Data from:
MF-85 The first three prototypes powered by Porsche PFM 3200 engines.
R 90 Production aircraft powered by Lycoming IO-540-C4D5 engines
R 90-230-RG: The main variant with retractable undercarriage
R 90-230-FG: Variant with fixed undercarriage, powered by Lycoming O-540-J engines.
R 90-180-FG: Variant with fixed undercarriage, powered by Lycoming IO-360 engines.
R 90-350T-RG: High performance variant with retractable undercarriage, powered by  turbo-charged engines.
R 90-420AT-RG:High performance variant with retractable undercarriage, powered by Allison 250-B17 turboprop engines
R 95 5/6 seat variant with retractable undercarriage.
Solaris Sigma Production and marketing in the United States

Specifications (R 90-230 RG)

References

External links

Airliners.net
The Ruschmeyer aircraft
Solaris Aviation website

1980s German civil utility aircraft
1990s German civil utility aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1988
Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota.  It is managed under Kulm Wetland Management District.

Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge was established by Executive Order 8117, signed on May 10, 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Refuge boundaries encompass  of private land. A system of flooding easements and management easements allows the Service flood land within the river channel or to restrict hunting, trapping and other harassment of wildlife.

The District manages a low level dam on the James River called Dakota Lake Dam, also known as Ludden Dam or State Line Dam. Dakota Lake Dam was initially constructed by local people and the depression era Works Project Administration to raise the level of the James River, which frequently turned stagnant and toxic to cattle during summer months. The dam raises the level of the James River about one foot which holds water in old river channels, providing breeding, nesting and brood rearing habitat for many marsh dependent birds and other wildlife.

Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in southern Dickey County, North Dakota. From Ludden, North Dakota proceed west on North Dakota Highway 11; the Refuge boundary is at the west end of town. North Dakota Highway 11 crosses the James River and the Refuge.

The James River is at the heart of major corridor for migrating birds. The Refuge is a migration stopover for many thousands of waterfowl and shore birds. Snow geese are one of the most obvious users of the Refuge during their spring and fall migrations. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge in South Dakota is a scant  south of Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

Dakota Lake is closed to all public use; however, hunting, wildlife observation and photography can be quite good on public roads or private lands around the Refuge. April and October are good times to observe waterfowl migrations. An abundance of shorebirds migrate during late August and September.

References
 Kulm Westland Management District: Limited-interest National Wildlife Refuges - includes Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge

National Wildlife Refuges in North Dakota
Protected areas of Dickey County, North Dakota
Protected areas established in 1939
Easement refuges in North Dakota
1939 establishments in North Dakota
Wetlands of North Dakota
Landforms of Dickey County, North Dakota
Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet. Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet is a computer game developed by Symtus in 1990 for MS-DOS.

Plot
Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet is a game in which the player character is saved by his parents from certain death by renegade robots, and survived because someone gave him cybergenic enhancements. The character thus becomes the Cybergenic Ranger, to defeat the robots that killed his parents. The player starts off with no weaponry on his ship, requiring the player to search planets for anything that will enhance the power of the ship.

Reception
Computer Gaming World called Cybergenic Ranger "an IBM game in Sega clothing", inspired by Altered Beast and many other science-fiction stories and arcade games. Although stating that "compared to a good Sega game" it "sometimes has a second-rate feel", the magazine recommended Cybergenic Ranger to "the dedicated MS-DOS gamer who wants a solid action fix". In 1991, Dragon gave the game 1 out of 5 stars. COMPUTE! praised the graphics, calling them "lovingly detailed" with a "true arcade 3-D effect."

References

External links
Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet at MobyGames

1990 video games
DOS games
DOS-only games
Run and gun games
Side-scrolling video games
Video games developed in the United States
International Desalination Association. The International Desalination Association (IDA) is a non-profit association working to promote water scarcity and solutions to other water problems. The use of the bibilometric analytical technique for examining tsunami research does not exist in the literature.

Formation 
IDA was established in 1973 and works to develop and promote the appropriate use of desalination and desalination technology globally in; the water supply, water reuse, water pollution control, water purification, water treatment, and other water sciences and technology. The IDA does this by encouraging research, promoting and exchanging communication, disseminating information, and supporting education in desalination and water sciences. A non-profit association, IDA is associated with the United Nations as part of a growing international network of non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Connecting the global desalination community
IDA connects the global desalination community in many ways. It serves more than 2,600 core members in 60 countries and reaches an additional 4,000 affiliate members around the world. Its membership includes scientists, utilities and other end-users, engineers, consultants, financiers, developers, researchers, and students representing governments, corporations, and academia.

IDA's educational resources include scholarships, the IDA Fellowship Program, the Young Leaders Program, and the IDA Desalination Academy. IDA's publications and online and multi-media communications provide ready access to timely industry information. Workshops and conferences held worldwide explore specific topics in-depth, and the biennial IDA World Congress is widely recognized as the premier global event for the desalination and water reuse community.

IDA is also committed to informing the public about desalination and water reuse and their critical role in providing new, reliable, and sustainable sources of freshwater worldwide.

Enhancing energy efficiency and environmental responsibility

IDA advocates the development and use of desalination technologies and practices that lower costs, reduce energy requirements and enhance environmental responsibility. Our Energy Task Force is actively engaged in promoting strategies to help the industry further reduce energy requirements. At the same time, our Environmental Task Force has developed guidelines to enhance environmental stewardship in the Persian Gulf, the first region to be studied in depth.

IDA is headquartered in Topsfield, Massachusetts in the USA.

References

External links
 
 IDA World Congress 2015

Water industry
Water desalination
1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision. On 15 January 1953, a twin-engined Vickers Valetta transport aircraft of the Royal Air Force (RAF), serial number VX562, collided over the Mediterranean Sea with a four-engined RAF Avro Lancaster maritime patrol aircraft. All 26 people on board both aircraft were killed.

Accident 
The Valetta had departed RAF Luqa with 16 passengers (15 airmen and one Royal Navy (RN) sailor) on a return flight to the United Kingdom. Just before 05:00, the Valetta was between Pantelleria and Sicily when it collided with the Lancaster in poor visibility and heavy rain.

The Lancaster from No. 38 Squadron RAF was following  and other RN ships on an anti-submarine exercise. The seven crew on the Lancaster and all on board the Valetta were killed.

Rescue and aftermath 
HMS Gambia and other ships were used to search the scene for survivors, but only wreckage was found. Later the destroyer  was dispatched to search east of Pantelleria after a note case belonging to one of the Lancaster crew was found, without success. The only body recovered was that of Sgt Victor Ronald Chandler RAF (age 32) who was buried in Imtarfa Military Cemetery in Malta.

Investigation 
The court of inquiry decided that the weather conditions at the time were a factor with localized thunderstorms, heavy rain and hail and no blame could be attached to any individual. Evidence did reveal that although the Malta Flight Information Centre was not in possession of full information on the Lancaster's sortie, it was not a contributory cause.

References 

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1953
Accidents and incidents involving the Vickers Valetta
Accidents and incidents involving the Avro Lancaster
Accidents and incidents involving Royal Air Force aircraft
Mid-air collisions involving military aircraft
Mid-air collisions in Europe
Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy
Don Syme. Don Syme is an Australian computer scientist and a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, Cambridge, U.K. He is the designer and architect of the F# programming language, described by a reporter as being regarded as "the most original new face in computer languages since Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ in the early 1980s."

Earlier, Syme created  generics in the .NET Common Language Runtime, including the initial design of generics for the C# programming language, along with others including Andrew Kennedy and later Anders Hejlsberg.  Kennedy, Syme and Dachuan Yu also formalized this widely used system.

He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge, and is a member of the IFIP working group on functional programming. He is a co-author of the book Expert F# 3.0.

In the past he also worked on formal specification, interactive proof, automated verification and proof description languages.

In 2015, he was honored with a Silver Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering.

See also
F Sharp Software Foundation

References

External links
 Don's Weblog on F#
 InfoQ Interview with Don Syme, 27 March 2009
 F# at Microsoft Research

Programming language researchers
Programming language designers
Australian computer scientists
Living people
Microsoft Research people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Nir Shavit. Nir Shavit () is an Israeli computer scientist. He is a professor in the Computer Science Department at Tel Aviv University and a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Nir Shavit received B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in computer science from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology in 1984 and 1986, and a Ph.D. in computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1990. Shavit is a co-author of the book The Art of Multiprocessor Programming, is a winner of the 2004 Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science for his work on applying tools from algebraic topology to model shared memory computability, and a winner of the 2012 Dijkstra Prize for the introduction and first implementation of software transactional memory. He is a past program chair of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) and the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA).

He heads up the Computational Connectomics Group at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, focusing on techniques for designing, implementing, and reasoning about multiprocessors, and in particular the design of concurrent data structures for multi-core machines.

Shavit is married to fellow computer scientist Shafi Goldwasser, with whom he has two sons.

Recognition
 2004 Gödel Prize
 2012 Dijkstra Prize
 2013 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
Currently he has co-founded a company named Neural Magic along with Alexzander Mateev. The company claims to use highly sparse neural networks to make deep learning computationally so efficient that GPUs won't be needed. For certain use cases they claim a speed up of 175x.

References

External links
cs.tau.ac.il
csail.mit.edu

Living people
Dijkstra Prize laureates
Electrical engineering academics
2013 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Gödel Prize laureates
Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Computer Science & Engineering alumni
Israeli computer scientists
Israeli Jews
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Researchers in distributed computing
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Theoretical computer scientists
Fisher Dakota Hawk. The Fisher Dakota Hawk is a Canadian side-by-side two-seat, conventional landing gear, single-engined, high-wing monoplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders.

Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Dorchester, Ontario, Canada.

Development
The Dakota Hawk was designed by Fisher Aircraft in the United States in 1993 and was intended to comply with the US Experimental - Amateur-built category, although it qualifies as ultralight aircraft in some countries, such as Canada. It also qualifies as US Experimental Light Sport Aircraft.

The construction of the Dakota Hawk is of wood, with a wooden geodesic-construction fuselage and an I-beam wing spar. The wings, tail and fuselage are covered with doped aircraft fabric. The aircraft wing has "V" struts and jury struts. The Dakota Hawk's main landing gear uses bungee suspension with hydraulic brakes and wheel pants available as options. The tail wheel is steerable and the wings fold for storage or trailering. The company claims an amateur builder can complete either aircraft from the kit in 600 hours.

The specified engines for the Dakota Hawk include the following four-stroke aircraft engines:
 Continental A65
 Rotax 912UL
 Continental C85
 Continental O-200
 Rotax 912ULS
 Jabiru 3300

Specifications (Dakota Hawk)

See also

References

External links

Official website
Photo of Dakota Hawk on Airliners.net

1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1993
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Dakota Hawk
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
UAPS20 Unmanned AutoPilot System. UAPS20 is an autopilot system that can be installed on an RHIB boat to obtain an unmanned surface vehicle.

The system is manufactured by SIEL (Italy) and is composed of:
 an Autopilot Control unit (ACU) installed on a 7.5 RHIB Rigid Hulled Inflatable Boat.
 an Operator Control Unit (OCS) to remotely monitor and control the USV
 an optional Central Monitoring Station (CMS) to monitor a fleet of up 15 USV units.
Currently, 25 systems are already in operation.

Features
The UAPS20 is a brand of a multi-mission unmanned surface vehicles. The platform is capable of carrying up to 2100 kg of payload for different tasks, among those:
 Remote surveillance using sonar, radar, and camera.
 Remote mine hunting and countermeasures.
 Protection of harbours.
 Naval targets.
 Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV or ROV) autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) remote launch/control platform.

The autopilot system allows full autonomous modes or remote control mode from the OCS station.

General specifications
Length: 
Weight: 1250 kg (without payload)
Engine: 150 Hp 4 stroke outboard
Payload: up to 2100 kg
Speed:

Similar USV 
Protector USV 
Spartan Scout

References

Sources
SIEL page on UAPS20

Unmanned surface vehicles
Civil estimator. A Civil estimator is a construction professional who bids on civil projects that have gone to tender. Civil estimators typically have a background in civil engineering, construction project management, or construction supervision. Estimators are responsible for obtaining tenders, obtaining of material costs, calculation of tenders taking into consideration project management and overheads. The role of an estimator can be a very pressured one, and requires a great level of concentration, some of which will result in erratic office hours to ensure tender return dates can be achieved.

Education and training 

To date, there is not currently a professional qualification or regulatory body for civils estimating within the UK. As a consequence, the learning curve from a trainee estimator to senior estimator could be an undisclosed amount of time and largely falls into the responsibility of the employer and or senior estimator to determine time scale and progression of trainee estimators.

Software 

Commonly used civil estimating software programs include B2W Estimate by B2W Software, HCSS HeavyBid and SharpeSoft Estimator. There are also a variety of different tools used for the digitization of plans from engineers, such as Planswift or PrebuiltML X.

Freelance estimating  

Increasingly, civil estimators have been offering their services to the highest bidder on the open market.

Estimator salaries  

The average salary of a Civil Estimator normally falls within the following categories:

Trainee Estimator – £12,000 to £18,000 per annum.
Junior Estimator – £18,000 to £28,000 per annum.
Senior Estimator – £25,000 to £500,00 per annum.

In addition to the above salaries, civil estimators often have further incentives from cash rewards and a bonus system as an OTE.

References

Civil engineering
Construction trades workers
Spec Explorer. Spec Explorer is a Model-Based Testing (MBT) tool from Microsoft. It extends the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment with the ability to define a model describing the expected behavior of a software system. From these models, the tool can generate tests automatically for execution within Visual Studio's own testing framework, or many other unit testing frameworks.

The concepts behind Spec Explorer and the tool itself have been described in several publications
 and presented in multiple academic and industry events.

The latest version can be downloaded from Visual Studio Gallery. Technical information can be found in the Microsoft documentation. Community and engineering team support can be obtained through the Spec Explorer Forum, while the Spec Explorer Team Blog provides detailed articles and guidance.

References 

Microsoft development tools
Microsoft Visual Studio
Brian (software). Brian is an open source Python package for developing simulations of networks of spiking neurons.

Details
Brian is aimed at researchers developing models based on networks of spiking neurons. The general design is aimed at maximising flexibility, simplicity and users' development time. Users specify neuron models by giving their differential equations in standard mathematical form as strings, create groups of neurons and connect them via synapses. This is in contrast to the approach taken by many neural simulators in which users select from a predefined set of neuron models.

Brian is written in Python. Computationally, it is based around the concept of code generation: users specify the model in Python but behind the scenes Brian generates, compiles and runs code in one of several languages (including Python, Cython and C++). In addition there is a "standalone" mode in which Brian generates an entire C++ source code tree with no dependency on Brian, allowing models to be run on platforms where Python is not available.

Example
The following code defines, runs and plots a randomly connected network of leaky integrate and fire neurons with exponential inhibitory and excitatory currents.

from brian2 import *

eqs = """
dv/dt  = (ge+gi-(v+49*mV))/(20*ms) : volt
dge/dt = -ge/(5*ms)                : volt
dgi/dt = -gi/(10*ms)               : volt
"""
P = NeuronGroup(4000, eqs, threshold="v>-50*mV", reset="v=-60*mV")
P.v = -60 * mV
Pe = P[:3200]
Pi = P[3200:]
Ce = Synapses(Pe, P, on_pre="ge+=1.62*mV")
Ce.connect(p=0.02)
Ci = Synapses(Pi, P, on_pre="gi-=9*mV")
Ci.connect(p=0.02)
M = SpikeMonitor(P)
run(1 * second)
plot(M.t / ms, M.i, ".")
show()

Comparison to other simulators
Brian is primarily, although not solely, aimed at single compartment neuron models. Simulators focused on multi-compartmental models include Neuron, GENESIS, and its derivatives.

The focus of Brian is on flexibility and ease of use, and only supports simulations running on a single machine. The NEST simulator includes facilities for distributing simulations across a cluster.

Footnotes

References
 Goodman, D. and Brette, R. (2008). "Brian: a simulator for spiking neural networks in Python", Front. Neuroinform. 2:5.  
 Goodman, D.F.M. and Brette, R. (2009). "The Brian simulator", Front. Neurosci.

External links
 Brian homepage

Computational neuroscience
Scientific simulation software
Free science software
Neuroscience software
Security Attribute Modulation Protocol. Security Attribute Modulation Protocol (SAMP) is a protocol used to encode role-based and user-based access control attributes for transmission over a network, typically embedded in a TCP/IP or UDP/IP packet, with an application layer payload trailing afterwards.

Sun Microsystems makes a brief mention of SAMP in their Trusted Solaris 8 administration manuals. In the case of Trusted Solaris 8, the Trusted Network Daemon parses SAMP headers and manages system security in conjunction with other security provisions on the system.

Computer network security