omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SeaTech. SeaTech is a French public engineering school (Grande École). It was created in 2014 from two other engineering schools : ISITV and Supmeca Toulon. 

It offers a Diplôme d'Ingénieur recognized by the Commission of Registered Engineers, equivalent to an Advanced Master’s Degree in Engineering.

The school is located in the south of France, between Toulon and Hyères, on the French Riviera. It focuses on marine sciences and technologies while offering a solid background in engineering.

Academics
The SeaTech engineering syllabus takes place over three years.

The first year is based on a multidisciplinary teaching covering all the fields of engineering such as mathematics, physics, mechanics, materials science, electronics, computer science, languages, economics, management, communication etc.

The school offers six majors to its students in second and third year:

Marine Engineering
Mechanical and Innovation Engineering
Software Engineering
Materials Engineering
Modeling and Simulation Engineering
Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering

Admissions
The main admission to the engineering school requires a pass in a competitive entrance exam, for which students complete two years of intensive post-secondary education called Higher School Preparatory Classes (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles).

Foreign students can join SeaTech via this traditional engineering studies route or via the exchange route.

Academic Partnerships
The membership of the school in Polyméca, a French network of engineering schools composed of seven engineering schools teaching mechanics, offers the possibility to the pupils to make a double diploma in one of the schools of the network.

The students have the opportunity to achieve a Double Degree with Cranfield University in England, and with the Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo in Brazil.

Industrial Partnerships

The school joins forces with industrial partners. The main associates are :

Shipbuilding : Naval Group
Industrial Solutions : CNIM
IT : Sopra Steria

Career Opportunities
This training leads students to numerous job opportunities at the national and international levels in such varied domains as offshore engineering, undersea robotics, oceanography, energy, environment, defense, transportation and information technology.

Research Labs
Five laboratories are geographically located at SeaTech:

Laboratory of Mechanical and Robotic Systems (COSMER).
Laboratory of IT and Systems (LSIS).
Laboratory of Material Sciences in Marine Environment (MAPIEM).
Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO).
Toulon Institute of Mathematics (IMATH).

Student life

SeaTech has a wealth of student life which enables each student to express themselves through their interests. 

Student office “BDE” : Brings students together by organising major events.
Student clubs : sports, arts, sailing, aero-modelling, robotic...

External links
  (language=fr)
 
 
 
  Avis de la CTI à propos de la création de SeaTech

Notes and references 

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Educational institutions established in 2014
2014 establishments in France
Thoriq Ibrahim. Thoriq Ibrahim (born 1 February 1969) is a Maldivian politician and the current Minister of Tourism and Environment since 2023.

Education 
Ibrahim acquired a Bachelor's degree in Building Services Engineering from Loughborough University of Technology. In 1995, a master's degree in Building Science from the National University of Singapore in 2002, and an MBA from Preston University in 2004.

Career 
He was appointed as Minister of Climate Change, Environment and Energy by President Mohamed Muizzu on 17 November 2023. Earlier, he served as the Minister of Environment and Energy from 19 November 2013 to 17 November 2018 during the presidency of Abdulla Yameen.  After finishing schooling, he took on a variety of engineering and project management work, most notably being the Project Director for the rebuilding nine houses that were damaged in the 2004 tsunami. He was also the chairman of the Alliance of Small Island States.  Ibrahim has been outwardly critical of US President Donald Trump's 2017 decision to withdraw America from the Paris agreement to combat climate change. His ministerial portfolio was changed on 1 February 2025 after President Mohamed Muizzu merged the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Climate Change, Environment and Energy together to make the Ministry of Tourism and Environment, which made Ibrahim the minister.

References 

1969 births
Politicians from Malé
Alumni of Loughborough University
National University of Singapore alumni
Living people
Government ministers of the Maldives
Environment ministers
Cabinet of Mohamed Muizzu

Environment ministers of the Maldives
Energy ministers of the Maldives
Taraxasterol. Taraxasterol (anthesterin) is a triterpene derived from the mevalonate pathway and is found in dandelions.

Biosynthesis 
The precursor for the biosynthesis of taraxasterol is squalene. In the first step of this formation squalene is cyclized with molecular oxygen, FAD, and NADPH via the enzyme squalene epoxidase a flavoprotein to yield (2S)-2,3-oxidosqualene. In the second step if the oxidosqualene is folded in the chair conformation in the enzyme a cascade of cyclizations will occur that results in the formation of the dammarenyl cation.

The dammarenyl cation is then subjected to an alkyl shift to create a six-membered ring and relieving ring strain to form the baccharenyl cation. This allows the baccharenyl double bond to attack the secondary positive charge and forms a pentacyclic ring system to yield the tertiary lupanyl cation. A Wagner-Meerwein 1,2-alykl shift will occur to form the hexacyclic ring system and the secondary oleanyl cation. This is followed by a Wagner-Meerwein 1,2-methyl shift to create the tertiary taraxasteryl cation. This cation is the last intermediate in the taraxasterol pathway. An E2 reaction follows where deprotonation of a proton yields taraxasterol. The enzymes involved in this biosynthesis are oxidosesqualene: lupeopl cyclase and oxidosqualene: B-amyrin cyclase.

References 

Triterpenes
Secondary alcohols
Reverse spherification. Reverse spherification is a method of molecular gastronomy. This method is similar to spherification, different in that it is used to enclose liquid containing alcohol content, as well as liquid with calcium content such as milk and yogurt. When the liquid containing alcohol or calcium salt is dropped into an alginate bath, the liquid will draw itself into a spherical shape and becomes encapsulated by the gel-like membrane formed by the cross-linking of the calcium ions and the alginate polymer strands. Larger spheres can be created using reverse spherification. After removing the jelly from the alginate bath, calcium would not continue to diffuse into the center of the sphere, therefore would not create a gel center. Longer storage time could be obtained for this product accordingly.

Both the liquid for consumption and the alginate bath should be left to stand after preparation to eliminate air bubbles. Air bubbles within the liquid could lead to the flavorful liquid's inability to sink properly when dropped into the alginate bath, resulting in uneven skin and weak spots in the product.

Important factors for reverse spherification

There are two factors that need to be or can be adjusted for successful reverse spherification. The first is the amount of free calcium ions and density of the liquid to be made for spherification. The amount of free calcium ions needs to be sufficient in order to form a gel-like capsule reaction with sodium alginate.  Milk based products such as cream, yogurt or milk already have a sufficient amount of calcium. However, conducting reverse spherification with a liquid containing insufficient calcium ion concentrations, calcium salt could be added to the liquid; for example, calcium lactate gluconate could be added to a liquid to produce a 2% concentration in the liquid creating an effective solution for conducting reverse spherification. Calcium ions from calcium lactate is responsible for providing a gelling process without increasing the pH of the food to be too high and the gel will not melt once heated. Secondly, the density of the liquid needs to be adjusted in order to allow the sufficient surface tension to form a spherical shape. Xanthan gum can be used in order to increase the viscosity of the liquid. Usually, the concentration of xanthan gum ranges between 0.2% and 0.5%.

References

External links 
 Demonstration of reverse spherification

Molecular gastronomy
Definitive Technology. Definitive Technology (sometimes referred to as Def Tech) is an American unit based in Vista, California, of the Sound United division of electronics company DEI Holdings, that designs, develops and sells home theater audio systems, soundbars and headphones.

History 
The company was founded in Owings Mills, Maryland in 1990 by former Polk Audio founder Sandy Gross, along with Don Givogue and Ed Blaise. The company's first products were monolithic bipolar speaker towers.

In 2004, the company was acquired by Directed Electronics. Directed Electronics was founded by Congressman Darrell Issa and specialized in car alarms and radar detectors. Sandy Gross became President of the company's newly formed audio division. Directed Electronics also bought Polk Audio, which Sandy Gross co-founded also.  In 2010, after Sandy Gross had left the company, he introduced a third company called Golden Ear Technology, which is completely separate from Sound United and DEI. 

In 2008, Directed Electronics restructured itself as DEI Holdings.

In April 2013, the company combined Polk, Definitive Technology and the Boom Movement brands into a new division called Sound United.

In April 2015, the company released its W7 speaker with support for the Play-Fi wireless protocol for multi-room audio, produced by audio company DTS, Inc., now owned by holding company Xperi.  In May, Sound United parent announced a deal with Austrian electronics company Aqipa to distribute Definitive Technology and other Sound United brands in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Products 
The company's products include home audio systems, floor speakers, wireless home audio, soundbars and headphones.

References

External links 
official website

Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
Headphones manufacturers
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Electronics companies established in 1990
Lucknow–Gorakhpur line. The Lucknow–Gorakhpur line is a railway route in Uttar Pradesh. It is classified as 'B special class' according to Indian Railways standards, and its trains can reach up to  on this line. The line is doubled broad gauge and electrified, and it is the first fully electrified railway line of the North Eastern Railway zone.

This line is one of the busiest in eastern and central Uttar Pradesh. It connects Assam, West Bengal, North Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh to Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Trains for Mumbai, Rajasthan and Gujarat are also connected to this line.

Major stations on this line include Barabanki, Gonda and Basti.

History
This line was constructed by the Bengal and North Western Railway during the 19th century and 20th century. It was opened in seven phases during the construction period.
 The first phase, between Barabanki and Burhwal Junction was opened on 1 April 1872. 
 The second phase, between Burhwal Junction and Bahramghat was opened on 24 November 1896.
 The third phase, between Bahramghat and Jarwal Road was opened on 18 December 1896.
 The fourth phase, between Jarwal Road and Colonelganj was opened on 1 February 1892.
 The fifth phase, between Colonelganj and Gonda was opened on 29 October 1881.
 The sixth phase, between Gonda and Mankapur was opened on 2 April 1884.
 The seventh phase, from Mankapur to Gorakhpur Junction was opened on 15 January 1885.

The branch line from Burhwal Junction to Shahjahanpur was opened on 13 March 1911.

On 1 January 1943, this line was transferred from the initial jurisdiction to Oudh Tirhut Railway, after the amalgamation of: Bengal and North Western Railway, the Tirhut Railway, Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway, Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Company.

After that, on 14 April 1952, this line was transferred to the jurisdiction of North Eastern Railway, after the amalgamation of Oudh Tirhut Railway and Assam Railway Company.

Main line and branches
The main line of the Lucknow–Basti–Gorakhpur section is ,  and also features a branch line which connects to Shahjahanpur from Burhwal Junction with a length of , and joins to the Lucknow–Moradabad line.

Projects

There is a plan to double the branch line of Burhwal Junction to Shahjahanpur Junction with electrification. This was approved in 2016 and with a tenure of five years.
90km (56 mi) of new line will be constructed between Basti (Uttar Pradesh) to Kapilvastu (NEPAL). One more proposed platform will be constructed in the Basti district.

References

5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Railway lines in Uttar Pradesh
Railway lines opened in 1885
BVG Class HK. The BVG Class HK is a type of electric multiple unit in service on the Berlin U-Bahn. It is operated by Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) (Berlin Transport Company). 

The HK is a Kleinprofil (small profile) variant of the larger Großprofil (large profile) H series.

Production history

Operational history
The HK series primarily operates on the U2 line.

References

Berlin U-Bahn
Electric multiple units of Germany
750 V DC multiple units
Bombardier Transportation multiple units
Ernest C. Gaston Electric Generating Plant. Ernest C. Gaston Electric Generating Plant is a coal and natural gas-fired electrical generation facility near Wilsonville, Shelby County, Alabama.

Four of the five units in the plant were converted to use natural gas under plans to reduce costs. , Unit 5 is testing a 10 MWh thermal storage at , made of concrete.

References

External links 
 Data on generation and fuel consumption from the Energy Information Administration Electricity Data Browser

Coal-fired power stations in Alabama
Natural gas-fired power stations in Alabama
Alabama Power
Hardware security. Hardware security is a discipline originated from the cryptographic engineering and involves hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity, measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure among other things.

A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptoprocessing. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.

Some providers in this discipline consider that the key difference between hardware security and software security is that hardware security is implemented using "non-Turing-machine" logic (raw combinatorial logic or simple state machines). One approach, referred to as "hardsec", uses FPGAs to implement non-Turing-machine security controls as a way of combining the security of hardware with the flexibility of software.

Hardware backdoors are backdoors in hardware. Conceptionally related, a hardware Trojan (HT) is a malicious modification of electronic system, particularly in the context of integrated circuit.

A physical unclonable function (PUF) is a physical entity that is embodied in a physical structure and is easy to evaluate but hard to predict. Further, an individual PUF device must be easy to make but practically impossible to duplicate, even given the exact manufacturing process that produced it. In this respect it is the hardware analog of a one-way function. The name "physical unclonable function" might be a little misleading as some PUFs are clonable, and most PUFs are noisy and therefore do not achieve the requirements for a function. Today, PUFs are usually implemented in integrated circuits and are typically used in applications with high security requirements.

Many attacks on sensitive data and resources reported by organizations occur from within the organization itself.

See also
  U.S. NRC, 10 CFR 73.54 Cybersecurity - Protection of digital computer and communication systems and networks
  NEI 08-09: Cybersecurity Plan for Nuclear Power Plants
 Computer security compromised by hardware failure
 Computer compatibility
 Proprietary software
 Free and open-source software
 Comparison of open-source operating systems
 
 Trusted Computing
 Computational trust
 Fingerprint (computing)
 Side-channel attack
 Power analysis
 Electromagnetic attack
 Acoustic cryptanalysis
 Timing attack
 Supply chain security
 List of computer hardware manufacturers
 Consumer protection
 Security switch
Vulnerability (computing)
Defense strategy (computing)
Turing completeness
Universal Turing machine
Finite-state machine
Automata theory

References

External links 

Hardsec: practical non-Turing-machine security for threat elimination "Hardsec" concept outline 

Computer hardware
Cyberwarfare
Product design
Cybersecurity engineering
ACM Student Research Competition. The ACM Student Research Competition (ACM SRC) is an international computing research competition for university students. The competition is held annually and split into undergraduate and graduate divisions, organized by the Association for Computing Machinery. With several hundred annual participants, the Student Research Competition is considered the world's largest university-level research contest in the field of computing.

The competition started as a travel grant program in 2003 and was previously sponsored by Microsoft. The winners of the competition are recognized at the ACM Awards Banquet, alongside the Turing Award winners.

Structure 
The first round of competition spans more than 20 major ACM conferences, hosting special poster sessions to showcase research submitted by students. Selected semi-finalists add a slide presentation and compete for prizes in both undergraduate and graduate categories based on their knowledge, contribution, and quality of presentation.  Those taking first place at the second-level competitions are invited to compete in the annual Grand Finals. Three top students in each category are selected as winners each year.

First-round conferences include the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, the International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH), the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, and SIGPLAN's Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, and many others.

Previous Winners

See also 
 Association for Computing Machinery
 International Collegiate Programming Contest
 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award
 List of computer science conferences

References

External links
 ACM Student Research Competition
 Association for Computing Machinery
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 Microsoft Research

Association for Computing Machinery
Student awards
Computer science competitions
Research awards
ACM SIGARCH. ACM SIGARCH is the Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on computer architecture, a community of computer professionals and students from academia and industry involved in research and professional practice related to computer architecture and design.  The organization sponsors many prestigious international conferences in this area, including the International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), recognized as the top conference in this area since 1975. Together with IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee on Computer Architecture (TCCA), it is one of the two main professional organizations for people working in computer architecture.

ACM SIGARCH was formed in August 1971, initially as a Special Interest Committee (a precursor to a SIG), with Michael J. Flynn as the founding chairman. Flynn was also the founding chairman of IEEE Computer Society's TCCA and encouraged from the beginning, joint cooperation between the two groups. Many of the joint symposiums and conferences are the leading events in the field.

Journal 
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News is a newsletter, started in January 1972, that publishes refereed articles about computer hardware and its interactions with compilers and operating systems.

Conferences 
ACM SIGARCH sponsors many top international conferences related to computer architecture.
 ASPLOS: ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
 ANCS: ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
 CCGrid: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing
 HPDC: ACM International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing
 ICS:  ACM International Conference on Supercomputing
 IPDPS: IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
 ISCA: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture
 NANOCOM: ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication
 NOCS: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
 PACT: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation
 SenSys: ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
 SPAA: ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures
 UCC: IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing

Awards 
SIGARCH offers a variety of awards for outstanding contributions to computer architecture:
 Maurice Wilkes Award
 Eckert–Mauchly Award (with IEEE Computer Society)
 ISCA Influential Paper Award (with IEEE-CS TCCA)
 Alan D. Berenbaum Distinguished Service Award
 ASPLOS Influential Paper Award

See also 
 Computer engineering
 Computer science
 Computing

References

External links 
 SIGARCH

Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Groups
Maurice Wilkes Award. The Association for Computing Machinery SIGARCH Maurice Wilkes Award is given annually for outstanding contribution to computer architecture by a young computer scientist or engineer; "young" defined as having a career that started within the last 20 years. The award is named after Maurice Wilkes, a computer scientist credited with several important developments in computing such as microprogramming. The award is presented at the International Symposium on Computer Architecture. Prior recipients include:
 1998 – Wen-mei Hwu
 1999 – Gurindar S. Sohi
 2000 – William J. Dally
 2001 – Anant Agarwal
 2002 – Glenn Hinton
 2003 – Dirk Meyer
 2004 – Kourosh Gharachorloo
 2005 – Steve Scott
 2006 – Doug Burger
 2007 – Todd Austin
 2008 – Sarita Adve
 2009 – Shubu Mukherjee
 2010 – Andreas Moshovos
 2011 – Kevin Skadron
 2012 – David Brooks
 2013 – Parthasarathy (Partha) Ranganathan
 2014 – Ravi Rajwar
 2015 – Christos Kozyrakis
 2016 – Timothy Sherwood
 2017 – Lieven Eeckhout
 2018 – Gabriel Loh
 2019 – Onur Mutlu
 2020 – Luis Ceze and Karin Strauss
 2021 – Thomas Wenisch
 2022 – Moinuddin Qureshi
 2023 – Abhishek Bhattacharjee

See also

 ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture
 Computer engineering
 Computer science
 Computing
 List of computer science awards
 List of computer-related awards

References

External links
 Official page

Computer-related awards
Computer science awards