omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Secondary flux. A secondary flux is a ceramic flux (such as calcium, barium, magnesium or zinc oxide) which does not act as a good flux (i.e., lower the melting point of the mixture) alone, but is effective when used in combination with other fluxes. They also tend to act as "anti-fluxes" at lower temperatures, and may produce matt or opaque glazes under those conditions. For example, calcium oxide is generally used with sodium or potassium and by itself has little fluxing effect at pyrometric cone 6 but does act as a flux at cone 8..
When use calcium with lead it gives low melting temperature to glaz.

A primary flux is a metal ion such as sodium which acts as a flux at all temperatures.

See also
 Ceramic flux

References

  David Scott (1998) Clays and glazes in studio ceramics,  The Crowood Press pp. 65-66.

Ceramic materials
Slip line field. In materials science and soil mechanics, a slip line field or slip line field theory is a technique often used to analyze the stresses and forces involved in the major deformation of metals or soils. In essence, in some problems including plane strain and plane stress elastic-plastic problems, elastic part of the material prevent unrestrained plastic flow but in many metal-forming processes, such as rolling, drawing, gorging, etc., large unrestricted plastic flows occur except for many small elastic zones. In effect we are concerned with a rigid-plastic material under condition of plane strain. it turns out that the simplest way of solving stress equations is to express them in terms of a coordinate system that is along potential slip (or failure) surfaces. It is for this reason that this type of analysis is termed slip line analysis or the theory of slip line fields in the literature.

History 
The slip-line theory was co-developed by Hilda Geiringer in the early 1930s.  She developed the Geiringer equations, which simplify the process of calculating the deformation.

References

 
Solid mechanics
Deformation (mechanics)
Metallurgy
Upstream (networking). In computer networking, upstream refers to the direction in which data can be transferred from the client to the server (uploading). This differs greatly from downstream not only in theory and usage, but also in that upstream speeds are usually at a premium. Whereas downstream speed is important to the average home user for purposes of downloading content, uploads are used mainly for web server applications and similar processes where the sending of data is critical. Upstream speeds are also important to users of peer-to-peer software.

ADSL and cable modems are asymmetric, with the upstream data rate much lower than that of its downstream. Symmetric connections such as Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) and T1, however, offer identical upstream and downstream rates.

If a node A on the Internet is closer (fewer hops away) to the Internet backbone than a node B, then A is said to be upstream of B or conversely, B is downstream of A. Related to this is the idea of upstream providers. An upstream provider is usually a large ISP that provides Internet access to a local ISP. Hence, the word upstream also refers to the data connection between two ISPs.

See also 
 Upstream server
 Return channel

References 

 

Data transmission
Orientation (geometry)
A. E. Goodwin. AE Goodwin was an Australian heavy engineering firm, which produced railway locomotives and rolling stock, as well as roadmaking machinery at its factory in Auburn.

History
Founded in December 1935 by Arthur Elliott Goodwin, the company was originally based in Lidcombe. In 1946 it relocated to St Marys and in the late 1960s to Auburn. In the mid 1950s it became the Australian licence holder for American Locomotive Company (Alco) products, building over 400 diesel locomotives between December 1955 and November 1972. In 1961 the company was taken over by household appliance manufacturer AG Healing.

AE Goodwin collapsed in November 1972. It was purchased from its administrator by Comeng, who completed the outstanding locomotives on order, six 442 class for the Public Transport Commission, one M636 for Hammersley Iron and four M636s for Mount Newman Mining at the Auburn factory before closing it.

Production
Diesel locomotives manufactured included:

New South Wales Government Railways
100 44 class
40 45 class
165 48 class
34 442 class

South Australian Railways
37 930 class
45 830 class
7 600 class
6 700 class

Silverton Tramway
3 ST class

Hamersley Iron
12 Alco 636
19 MLW M636

Mount Newman Mining
17 ALCO Century 636
 MLW M636C++
++ 27 built in total by AE Goodwin and Comeng, split unknown

Robe River Mining
7 MLW M636

See also
List of locomotive builders

References

External links
Magazine advertising by AE Goodwin

Defunct railway companies of Australia
Engineering companies of Australia
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1935
Australian companies established in 1935
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1972
Australian companies disestablished in 1972
Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Australia
A.G. Healing. A.G. Healing was an Australian manufacturing firm founded in 1896 by Alfred George Healing. Initially producing bicycles, in 1912 it became a proprietary company, with 50 employees and 25,000 bicycles produced at the peak of production. The company diversified into the importation of radio receivers in 1933, but with the introduction of tariffs to imported goods, it moved to the production of their own radios. In 1956 the company commenced manufacturing television sets, refrigerators and washing machines. It also distributed automotive parts.

In 1959 the company sold the bicycle division to focus on domestic appliances, and took over heavy engineering firm AE Goodwin in 1961. In 1969 the company posted a loss of almost $24 million and went into receivership, recovering to some degree until failing in 1975, as Australia moved away from economic protectionism.

References

External links
 Radio receivers produced by A.G. Healing

Defunct manufacturing companies of Australia
Electronics companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies established in 1896
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1975
1896 establishments in Australia
1975 disestablishments in Australia
LUSAS. LUSAS is a UK-based developer and supplier of  Finite Element Analysis (FEA) application software products that bear the same name.

History 

LUSAS has its origins back in 1970 when a group of research workers at the University of London (now incorporated into Imperial College London) began work on the London University Stress Analysis System, "LUSAS". This team was led by Dr. Paul Lyons, who, in 1982, set up an independent company, Finite Element Analysis Ltd., to further develop, and subsequently market the software as a general purpose structural analysis system. In 1997, following the introduction of a range of specialist application software packages, the company, for awareness reasons, then started to trade under the LUSAS name.

Software 

LUSAS software consists of a Windows-based Modeller, used for model building and viewing of results, and a Solver for carrying out an analysis. Four commercial application products cater for the following industries:

 Civil & Structural - for civil, structural, nuclear, seismic, geotechnical and offshore engineering.
 Bridge - for bridge engineering analysis, design, and assessment.
 Analyst - for automotive, aerospace, defence, manufacturing and general engineering analysis.
 Composite - for engineers designing composite products or components.

For Universities, an Academic version which permits the running of any commercial LUSAS software product can be used for teaching and research use.

Example Applications 

Civil and structural engineering uses include Anthony Gormley's Quantum Cloud, built alongside the Millennium Dome, (now the O2 Arena), as part of UK's Millennium Commission sponsored celebrations for the year 2000; Spinnaker Tower, the tallest publicly accessible provincial structure in the UK; and Gwangmyeong Velodrome, the largest domed structure built, so far, in South Korea.

Bridges designed with the aid of LUSAS include the Lune Millennium Bridge, and the Gateshead Millennium Bridge both also built, coincidentally, as part of the UK's year 2000 celebrations, and the Vasco da Gama cable stayed bridge and associated viaduct structures in Portugal.

General mechanical engineering uses  are extremely varied and include thermal analysis of marine loading arms - used to transfer Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) from shore to ship and vice versa at a temperature of -163 degrees Celsius, nonlinear analysis of nylon polyamide cable ties used to bundle cables together, and contact analysis of titanium and ceramic hip joint components as used in artificial hip replacement

Composites engineering applications  involve the analysis of composite material layups for potential delamination, material damage and fatigue modelling of many types of components in the automotive, aviation, and marine industries.

External links 
LUSAS website
Structurae database

References

Numerical software
Finite element software
Allan Cullimore. Allan R. Cullimore was an American academic administrator. He was the 3rd President of New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) from 1920 until 1947.

Cullimore was a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Prior to this Cullimore had been a member of the faculty of the University of Toledo and then the first dean of the University of Delaware College of Engineering.

Cullimore was known to have published a book on the use of the slide-rule in 1915.

A number of things at NJIT are named after Cullimore including Cullimore Hall which houses the College of Science and Liberal Arts, the Newark College of Engineering Cullimore Doctoral Fellowship,  the Allan R. Cullimore Medal and the Cullimore Award.

Awards
 Benjamin Garner Lamme Award (1951) from the American Society for Engineering Education (ASME).

Sources

New Jersey Institute of Technology people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Toledo faculty
University of Delaware faculty
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of birth missing
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Federation (information technology). A federation is a group of computing or network providers agreeing upon standards of operation in a collective fashion.

The most widely known example is the Internet, which is Federated around the Internet Protocol (IP) stack of protocols. Another, more visible, example is Email, where the common use of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), allows alice@gmail.com to communicate with bob@example.edu and eve@hotmail.com although the software implementing each of these systems can be completely different.

The term may be used when describing the inter-operation of two distinct, formerly disconnected, telecommunications networks that may have different internal structures.  The term "federated cloud" refers to facilitating the interconnection of two or more geographically separate computing clouds.

The term may also be used when groups attempt to delegate collective authority of development to prevent fragmentation.

In a telecommunication interconnection, the internal modi operandi of the different systems are irrelevant to the existence of a federation.

Joining two distinct networks:
Yahoo! and Microsoft announced that Yahoo! Messenger and MSN Messenger would be interoperable.

Collective authority:
The MIT X Consortium was founded in 1988 to prevent fragmentation in development of the X Window System.
OpenID, a form of federated identity.

In networking systems, to be federated means users are able to send messages from one network to the other. This is not the same as having a client that can operate with both networks, but interacts with both independently. For example, in 2009, Google allowed GMail users to log into their AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) accounts from GMail. One could not send messages from GTalk accounts or XMPP (which Google/GTalk is federated with—XMPP lingo for federation is s2s, which Facebook and MSN Live's implementations do not support) to AIM screen names, nor vice versa. In May 2011, AIM and Gmail federated, allowing users of each network to add and communicate with each other.

See also
AT Protocol
Fediverse
Federated Mission Networking
Federated database system
Distributed social network
Federated Portal Network
Federated VoIP
Webmention
MX record, *SRV record: Ways of designating what services domains provide and how to access them
Active Directory Federation Services
ActivityPub: Introduced in January 2018, ActivityPub is a standard for the Internet in the Social Web Networking Group of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Usenet
Distributed computing
Decentralized computing

References

Interoperability
Interoperable communications
Networking standards
Computer standards
Distributed computing
Thingamakit. The Thingamakit is an analog sound synthesizer kit produced by Bleep Labs. It can be purchased with an optional stompbox-style enclosure (commonly used for guitar effects, but just about any small enclosure can be used to contain the electronics. The Thingamakit is based on voltage controlled oscillators that are commonly used in the production of electronic music. However, this synth is unique in its application of LED outputs and photocell inputs. The LEDs are adjusted to blink at various rates, and they are positioned above the photocells to affect the sound. 

Two LEDs are positioned at the end of flexible extensions known as "LEDacles". The layout of switches, knobs and photocells, combined with the tentacle-like LEDacles, give the appearance of a face. Many users decorate their Thingamakits to look like robots, animals, etc.

The Thingamakit is designed in such a way that it can easily be modified and/or circuit bent to produce a wide variety of experimental sounds. Clear instructions, simple design and low cost make it a good choice for electronic musicians who want to experiment with DIY instruments.

External links
Thingamakit Home
Thingamakit Gallery on Flickr
How To: Hack a Thingamakit

Synthesizers
Cleversticks. Cleversticks is a plastic construction toy manufactured in the UK.

The "Cleversticks Construction System" 

The original design manufactured in polypropylene used sticks with pairs of jaws on each end and rings, the jaws connect onto the body of the sticks or rings, The jaws also connected the sticks end to end. The resulting toy was best suited to young children; with these few components, a wide range of models could be assembled. Squares, triangles, rectangles and hexagon shapes were later added to allow the toy to be used for sorting into sets; the toy could now be used in primary education. Technical shapes were added to increase the complexity of the toy and appeal to older children. The most recent additions utilise the new patented design manufactured in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) including wheels with tyres manufactured in Santoprene, a synthetic rubber.

Patent, registered design, and trademark 
The first patent in the UK GB 8313507 has a priority date of May 17, 1983, a US patent No 4548590 was granted in October 1985. The most recent UK patent GB2417434  was granted on 24 February 2009. The following registered designs have also been obtained: UK No 2066049, UK No 2106334, Ger No 40204339.1, Aus 1447/2002 and UK No 3019498. The name CLEVERSTICKS was registered under the No 1557320K, as a GB trademark in December 1993.

References

External links 
 Cleversticks official site

Construction toys
Toy brands
Toy companies of the United Kingdom
Strand Life Sciences. Strand Life Sciences, formerly Strand Genomics, is an Indian in silico technology company, based in Bangalore. Strand focuses in data mining, predictive modeling, computational chemistry, software engineering, bioinformatics, and research biology to develop software and services for life sciences research. Strand also offers custom solutions based on its intellectual property. In 2021, Reliance Industries' subsidiary Reliance Strategic Business Ventures acquired a controlling stake in Strand Life Sciences.

History
Strand Life Sciences was founded in October 2000 by Professors Vijay Chandru, Ramesh Hariharan, Swami Manohar, and V. Vinay. It was registered as Strand Genomics, but was later renamed to Strand Life Sciences as it dealt with various other aspects of life sciences. In August 2007, Strand and Agilent Technologies, Inc. entered an agreement in which Strand develops and supports Agilent's GeneSpring software which Agilent obtained through Silicon Genetics acquisition in August 2004. In October 2010, Strand and Agilent renewed the agreement for Strand to expand the scope of Agilent's GeneSpring across multiple life sciences disciplines.

Software

 Strand NGS (formerly Avadis NGS) is a software platform for next-generation sequencing data analysis.
 GeneSpring GX (version 9.0.0 onwards), GeneSpring Workgroup (version 7.0.0 onwards), and Mass Profiler Pro are developed by Strand's R&D division in Bangalore.
 Avadis is a data mining and visualization platform.
 Sarchitect is a platform for modeling and predicting drug-relevant properties of molecules in silico.
 ArrayAssist was developed for Stratagene, Inc., based on the Avadis platform. The production was stopped after Stratagene was acquired by Agilent Technologies, Inc. in 2007.

References

External links
Strand Life Sciences

Biotechnology companies of India
Software companies of India
Biotechnology companies established in 2000
Information technology companies of Bengaluru
Privately held companies of India
2000 establishments in Karnataka
Reliance Industries
IBM 1050. IBM 1050 Data Communications System is a computer terminal subsystem to send data to and receive data from another 1050 subsystem or IBM computer in the IBM 1400, IBM 7000 or System/360 series.  It first became available in 1963 and was used widely during the 1960s. The 1052 Printer-Keyboard was also the basis for the 1052-7 console Printer-Keyboard used on small and medium S/360 processors.

General
The IBM 1050 Data Communications System was first introduced in 1963. The printer used the same removable typing element and mechanism as the IBM Selectric typewriter. The 1050 system could include the following devices:

 IBM 1051 Central Control Unit
 IBM 1052 Printer-Keyboard
IBM 1053 Console Printer
 IBM 1054 Paper Tape Reader
 IBM 1055 Paper Tape Punch
 IBM 1056 Card Reader
 IBM 1057 Card punch
 IBM 1058 Printing Card punch 
 IBM 1092/1093 Programmed Keyboards

Communication was done serially, half-duplex, at 75 or 150 bits per second.  A  modem, such as IBM Line Adapter, was needed for connection to a communication line. The IBM 1050 featured multipoint asynchronous communication (Start Stop protocol), and improved error checking (LRC and VRC), with speed up to 14.8 characters per second (cps), equivalent to 134 baud, compared to the teleprinter's 10 cps. One IBM 1051 and another device were required per subsystem. 

A set of IBM 1050 Data Communications System is exhibited at the University of Amsterdam Computer Museum in the Netherlands.

References

See also
 IBM 2741
 List of IBM products

1050
William B. McLean. William Burdette McLean (1914–1976) was a United States Navy physicist, who conceived and developed the heat-seeking Sidewinder missile. The Sidewinder was the first truly effective air-to-air missile; its variants and upgrades are still in active service.

The son of a Presbyterian minister, McLean attended Caltech, where he took three degrees in physics, finishing with a doctorate in 1939. 
During World War II, McLean worked on ordnance equipment and testing at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. Following the war, he moved to the Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), Inyokern, California (now the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake), where he led the project team developing the Sidewinder missile from 1945 to 1954. In April 1954, he was appointed technical director, the senior civilian position at the Station, a position which he held till 1967.

For his work on the Sidewinder, he was awarded $25,000 and a plaque from President Eisenhower. He then served as technical director for the Navy's submarine-warfare research center in San Diego until 1974.

McLean was married to Edith LaVerne "LaV" McLean (died December 19, 2007).

The Memorial Award for Dr. William B. McLean was established in 1968, to
recognize creativity in employees who furthered the mission at China Lake with significant inventions.

In 2008, the Navy announced that the dry cargo ship  would be named in honor of Dr. McLean. 
On 16 April 2011, the ship was launched, sponsored by Dr. McLean's niece, Margaret Taylor.

References

External links
W. H. Pickering, "William B. Mclean", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (1985)

1914 births
1976 deaths
California Institute of Technology alumni
United States Navy civilians
20th-century American physicists
Recipients of the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service
Fusi. A. Fusi & Co., S.p.A. Milano (1932–1957) is an historic brand of motorcycles.

Achille Fusi was a trader of FN motorcycles. In 1932 he started building motorcycles under the RAS brand name, mainly with FN parts. They had 175 cc JAP engines made under licence in Italy and Burman gearboxes made under licence by Fiat.

From 1933 Fusi built some models with Italian engines. After Achille Fusi died, Luigi Beaux took over the company. In 1934 the range included 250 cc and 500 cc motorcycles with JAP engines and 175 cc models with a choice of a JAP engine or one made by Fusi themselves.  After 1936 Fusi stopped using the RAS brand name and sold its machines as Fusi.

In 1937 Fusi launched a 500 cc powered tricycle as a light goods vehicle. In the same year Fusi bought Catelli i Fiorani in Pesaro, who made CF motorcycles, and rebranded that company's range as Fusi. In 1941 Fusi introduced the M 25 CFS, which had a 248 cc four-stroke engine. This model formed a basis for many further products, including sport bikes, updated and produced until in the 1950s.

See also 

List of Italian companies
List of motorcycle manufacturers

References

Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of Italy
Milan motor companies
Motorcycle associations