omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Yakovlev Yak-8. The Yakovlev Yak-8 was a Soviet utility aircraft developed during World War II. It was not accepted for production, but received the NATO reporting name "Crib" anyway.

Development
The Yak-8 was an improved version of the Yakovlev Yak-6. It was slightly enlarged but retained its predecessor's mixed construction and general layout. The wooden semi-monocoque forward and central fuselage sections were skinned with a  layer of plywood both inside and outside. The rear fuselage was made from a tubular steel framework covered by fabric. The two-spar wooden wing was made in a single piece with fabric-covered ailerons. The main undercarriage retracted rearwards into the rear of the engine nacelles, but the castoring tailwheel was non-retractable. Two  Kossov M-12 engines were originally intended to be used, but they were unavailable and the  Shvetsov M-11FM had to be used instead. The Yak-8 was a dedicated transport so its fuselage was deeper than that of the Yak-6. This gave much more headroom for passengers and six could be accommodated rather than the four of its predecessor.

Two prototypes were built with the first flying in early 1944. The second prototype was some  lighter than the first one and passed its State acceptance tests. It was recommended for production, but never ordered, probably because the Soviets had begun to switch over to all-metal aircraft.

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

1940s Soviet military utility aircraft
Yak-008
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Z-DOS. Z-DOS is a discontinued OEM version of Microsoft's MS-DOS specifically adapted to run on the hardware of the Zenith Z-100 personal computer.

Overview
The Z-100 used a 8086-family microprocessor, (the Intel 8088), but otherwise had a completely different internal architecture from the IBM PC.

At the time Microsoft's MS-DOS was not specifically geared to any specific hardware platform, but could be tailored to run on most any system as long as it used a 8086-compatible microprocessor, a situation completely like with the popular CP/M systems of the time, which typically used a 8080-compatible (8080, 8085 and Z80 among others) microprocessor. In order to achieve this, MS-DOS, like CP/M, relied on a platform-specific (DOS-)BIOS, which had to be written for the target machine, so that the hardware-independent DOS kernel could run on it. Beside IBM's OEM version of MS-DOS released as PC DOS there were dozens of other OEM versions of MS-DOS geared to a specific non-IBM-compatible OEM hardware—among them Zenith's Z-DOS. Only later, when almost 100% IBM-compatible clones became the norm, "MS-DOS" became the generic version which could run on most of them. This generic version of MS-DOS, however, could not run on the older non-IBM-compatible machines like the Z-100.

See also
 DOS API
 Towns OS – an MS-DOS adaptation by Fujitsu for FM Towns
 List of DOS commands
 Timeline of DOS operating systems

References

Disk operating systems
Discontinued Microsoft operating systems
DOS variants
Floppy disk-based operating systems
Activity cycle diagram. An activity cycle diagram (ACD) is a graphical modeling tool to depict interactions among objects in a system.

Origin 
The ACD is a modeling tool that was developed in 1960 following the flow diagram method of K.D. Tocher. It pertains to the activity-based paradigm of system modeling, as opposed to process-oriented or event-based paradigms. The activity-based modeling is a natural way to represent the knowledge about a system in the activity paradigm of discrete event simulation.

Characteristics 
The activity cycle diagram is characterized by its focus on the life cycle of the components of a system, distinguishing for each component a "dead" state and an "active" state.

Implementation 
In activity-based modeling, the dynamics of system is represented as an ACD which is a network model of the logical and temporal relationships among the activities. An ACD is easily implemented with the activity scanning method of simulation execution.

External links
 INTRODUCTION TO DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION
 MODEL DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
 ACTIVITY CYCLE DIAGRAMS
 SIMULATION USING ARENA
 ADVANCED SIMULATION USING ARENA
 SIMULATION OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Sources

Systems theory
Diagrams
Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review. Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review is a quarterly British magazine. Roy C Link started the magazine back in 1989. In 2012 it transferred to Greystar Publications with Roy remaining the production editor. With the death of the Greystar proprietor and editor, Roy took back the editing and was sold under the Narrow Gauge and Industrial banner. In November 2020 Roy died and John Clutterbuck is now the editor.

The magazine specialises in narrow gauge and industrial railways from both a prototype and modeling perspective, concentrating on the United Kingdom, but also covering Europe and overseas subjects.

References

External links 
 Narrow Gauge & Industrial (Official site)

Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1989
Rail transport modelling publications
Rail transport magazines published in the United Kingdom
Computer Entrepreneur Award. The Computer Entrepreneur Award was created in 1982 by the IEEE Computer Society, for individuals with major technical or entrepreneurial contributions to the computer industry. The work must be public, and the award is not given until fifteen years after the developments. The physical award is a chalice from sterling silver and under the cup a gold-plated crown.

Recipients
Following people received the Computer Entrepreneur Award:
2011: Diane Greene and Mendel Rosenblum, founders of VMware, for "creating a virtualization platform".
2009: Sandy Lerner and Len Bosack, founders of Cisco Systems, for "pioneering routing technology".
2008: John E. Warnock and Charles M. Geschke, founders of Adobe Systems, PostScript and PDF inventors, for the "desktop publishing revolution".
2008: Edwin E. Catmull, Pixar, for many important contributions in computer graphics.
2004: Bjarne Stroustrup, C++ inventor, for contributions to "object-oriented programming technologies".
2000: Michael Dell, founder of Dell Inc., for "revolutionizing the personal computer industry".
1999: Clive Sinclair, home computers pioneer, for "inspiring the computer industry".
1998: Bill Gates, Paul Allen, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Microsoft and Apple Inc., for their contributions to the "personal computer industry".
1998: George Schussel, founder of Digital Consulting Institute (DCI), for "leadership in professional development, continuing education, and technology assessment".
1997: Andrew S. Grove, former CEO and chairman of Intel Corporation, for "contributions to the computing industry and profession".
1996: Daniel S. Bricklin, "the father of the spreadsheet", for pioneering work on the spreadsheet.
1995: William Hewlett and David Packard, founders of Hewlett-Packard, for their "role model for the entire computing industry".
1990: J. Presper Eckert, co-inventor ENIAC (together with John Mauchly), for "pioneering design work" for the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
1989: Gene M. Amdahl, for "entrepreneurial efforts" in the "mainframe industry".
1987: Erwin Tomash, for "pioneering work" on computer peripherals.
1986: Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce, for "early contributions to microcomputers and silicon components".
1985: Kenneth Olsen and William Norris, for "pioneering work" on minicomputers.

See also

 List of computer-related awards

References

Computer-related awards
IEEE society and council awards
Mask inspection. In microtechnology, mask inspection or photomask inspection is an operation of checking the correctness of the fabricated photomasks, used, e.g., for semiconductor device fabrication.

Modern technologies for locating defects in photomasks are automated systems that involve scanning electron microscopy and other advanced tools.

Mask data inspection

The term "mask inspection" may also informally refer to mask data inspection step performed before actual writing the real mask.
Other methods of inspection use specially constructed light microscope systems such as are available from Probing Solutions Inc.  These rely on white light, typically optimized at approximately 538 nM and use incident bright and dark field as well as transmitted bright and dark field illumination to see pin holes, edge defects and many forms of contamination and substrate defects.

References

Microtechnology
Litl. The litl webbook is a webbook developed, marketed, and sold by litl LLC. 

The webbook features the ability to stand upright in an inverted-V position and a cloud-based operating system called litl OS.

Origins
Litl's CEO John Chuang, also co-founder of Aquent, has said that the origins of the litl webbook lay in his observation that while his family was increasingly using web applications, their home computer was made for pre-web scenarios.

Engineering partners
The industrial design of the litl webbook was made by Fuseproject with engineering design by MOTO Development Group.  The FIC manufactures the device.

Operating system

Litl OS is a cloud-oriented operating environment of the Litl webbook.

User interface philosophy
The litl OS interface removes several conventional elements of general-purpose desktop environments.
Litl states that a set of principles were developed to guide the design of the interface, including using a rule that any computer task that had the word "management" next to it was removed.

User interface structure
Litl OS's user interface utilizes graphic elements called "cards" to organize browsing sessions and content instead of the tabs and menus found on conventional desktops.

Flicking through cards in an inverted-V position is done using a blue-colored click-wheel (called the "litl wheel") on the litl webbook or remote control. The card concept, easel mode and general usage of the interface are demonstrated in litl's videos.

The interfaces to some web content are also customized by litl or third parties to integrate with litl OS and are referred to as litl channels. Litl OS's optional display method for RSS feeds is also referred to as a "litl channel". Customizations and settings are minimal in keeping with the design goals of simplicity and ease of use.

Software details
The underlying operating system is a mobile/embedded distribution of Ubuntu provided by Canonical.  The user interface is written largely in Mozilla's dialect of Javascript using the gjs binding to access GNOME and Clutter UI elements. litl automatically performs nightly software updates, and the OS stores browser cards, web channels, settings, and contacts online at Amazon S3 using a web service running on Google's App Engine and the Django framework. Open source components of the operating system's source code can be obtained on DVD from litl.

Specifications

See also

 Webbook
 Netbook

References

External links
FCC: OET Exhibits List
 Internal photographs (PDF)
 External photographs (PDF)
 Dec 31, 2008 - engadget: FIC's 10.4-inch CW001 Mini-note splashes down in FCC database
 Oct 28, 2009 - engadget: Litl Easel 'web computer' is cute as a baby-blue button
 Notebookcheck
 Netbookchoice
 Netbooked
 First thoughts on litl's Easel
 Cooper Consulting

Netbooks
Computer-related introductions in 2009
Kaare Høeg. Kaare Høeg (born 1938) is a Norwegian engineer.

He was born in Drammen. He took a doctoral degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965. He worked as a professor at Stanford University from 1968 to 1974 and director-general of the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute from 1974 to 1991. He was then a professor at the University of Oslo from 1991 to his retirement. 

Høeg was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 1993 for leadership in concepts of analyses, and tests that have made possible oil production platforms in deep water with different soils. He is also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

References

1937 births
Living people
People from Drammen
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
H.L. Boulton. H.L. Boulton (BVC: HLB ) is a holding company based in Venezuela engaged in the import and export of various goods and equipment.

Operations 
The company operates in two sectors, investing and international trade.

The company's Investing sector administers strategics portfolios of shares of various Venezuelan companies that conduct different activities. It primarily invests in the companies of industrial, petrochemical and manufacturing areas, as well as in refractory and maritime transportation enterprises.

The company's International Trade sector is involved in maintaining docks, container terminals and warehouses, merchandise deposit, ownership and operation of ships and coastal shipping line and national and international transportation.

In 2001, the company sold a half-interest in its port terminal operations to CSX Corporation.

The company's shares are traded on the Caracas Stock Exchange, and the company forms part of the Índice Bursátil de Capitalización, the exchange's main and most important index.

In 2005, the company was closed down for 48 hours and fined over tax violations. The taxation agency penalized the company again in 2009.

The company has been owned by the Boulton family for many years.

References 

Companies of Venezuela
Companies established in 1824
Companies listed on the Caracas Stock Exchange
Logistics companies
USC&GS Mitchell. USC&GS Mitchell was a launch that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1919 to 1944.

Mitchell was built by the Canton Lumber Company at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1919.  She entered Coast and Geodetic Survey service that year.

On 10–11 December 1924, Mitchell and the Coast and Geodetic Survey launch USC&GS Marindin aided a United States Marine Corps  motor sailer that had gone aground by pulling it off the rocks and towing it to the U.S. Marine Corps boathouse at St. Thomas in the United States Virgin Islands.

Mitchell was retired from Coast and Geodetic Survey service in 1944.

References
NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Tools of the Trade: Ships: Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Mitchell
NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Hall of Honor: Lifesaving and the Protection of Property by the Coast & Geodetic Survey 1845-1937

Ships of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
Survey ships of the United States
Ships built in Baltimore
1919 ships
Gemini Group. Gemini Group, Inc. is a supplier of engineered plastic and metal products to OEM's and Tier 1 suppliers. The company operates internationally from its headquarters in Bad Axe, Michigan in the United States.

History
Gemini Group was established in 1972 by Bill Roberts and Frank Peplinski.

Initial business offerings included sewing seatbelts and blow molding seatbelt covers for automotive Tier 1 companies in the United States and Mexico.  When customers began moving operations to Mexico, the company diversified operations and a plastic extrusion division was born. 

In 1979, the company partnered with two precision machining companies and a production machining company to form a manufacturing alliance.

During the next two decades, the alliance continued to grow through the acquisition of a two-shot injection moulding company, the creation of a blow molding company, the development of an automotive interior trim manufacturing operation, and the addition of an aluminum extrusion tooling company. 

Each of the plastics and metals operations operated individually until 1996, at which time they united under one parent company, Gemini Group, Inc.  

The company is one of the largest employers in Huron County, Michigan, where it operates four plastics plants and three metals plants. Outside of Michigan, Gemini Group operates facilities in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, El Paso, Texas, and Saltillo, Mexico.

One of the former owners of Gemini Group, Bill Roberts, died on May 3, 2007.

Operations 
The Company is structured as follows:

Plastics divisions
 Valley Enterprises - Automotive Interior Trim
 Regency Plastics - Technical Blow Molding 
 Gemini Plastics, Inc. (GPI) - Plastic Extrusion & Coextrusion
 Sierra Plastics - Plastic Extrusion & Coextrusion
 Gemini Plastics de Mexico (GPM) - Plastic Extrusion & Coextrusion
 Thumb Plastics, Inc. (TPI) - Two-Shot & Multi-shot Injection Molding

Metals divisions
 Gemini Precision Machining, Inc. (GPMI) South - Production Machining (Formerly Axly)
 Gemini Precision Machining, Inc. (GPMI) North - Precision Machining (Formerly CKS)
 Briney Tooling Systems - Precision Toolholders
 Thumb Tool & Engineering (TTE) - Aluminum Extrusion Tooling
 Mid-South Central Extrusion Die (MSCED) - Aluminum Extrusion Tooling
 Consolidated Tool (CT) - Die Cast/Mold Tooling

Recognition from suppliers
In 2009, Johnson Controls presented Gemini Group with a Bronze 2009 Supplier Performance
Award. In 2007, Johnson Controls gave Gemini Group a Gold Supplier Performance Award and in 2006, a Silver award.

References

External links
 Official site

 Auto parts suppliers of the United States
Companies based in Michigan
Huron County, Michigan
Plastics companies of the United States
Metal companies of the United States
PathScale. PathScale Inc. was a company that developed a highly optimizing C, C++, and Fortran compiler suite for the x86-64 microprocessor architectures. It derives from the SGI compilers for the MIPS architecture R10000 processor, called MIPSPro.

History 
PathScale was founded in 2001 as Key Research and its original mission was to develop clustered Linux server solutions based on a low-cost 64-bit design. In late 2003 the company came out of stealth mode and was called PathScale. The word PathScale is descriptive of the company's original design goals for clusters. In early 2003 with the success of the AMD Opteron, efforts at the company switched to other products like high-performance 64-bit compilers.

The seeds of the company were sown in the early 1980s at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where four of the company's seven founders worked together building the S1 supercomputer. The first chief technical officer at PathScale, Tom McWilliams, had the initial idea for the company and incorporated in July 2001. He added three of his LLNL colleagues (Jeff Rubin, Jeff Broughton, Fred Chow) to the company shortly thereafter. McWilliams had been a company founder at Valid Logic Systems and Key Computer and worked at SGI, Sun Microsystems and Amdahl Corporation. Chow was formerly chief scientist for compilers at SGI and MIPS.

PathScale Inc. was acquired and re-sold several times. First by QLogic in February 2006, for about $109 million.
A network technology called InfiniPath was marketed as TrueScale by QLogic, and then sold to Intel and became the basis of Omni-Path.
The compiler technology was acquired by SiCortex in August 2007, and by Cray in August 2009, when SiCortex was 
liquidated. Cray owned the intellectual property until March 2012 when a new PathScale Inc. acquired all assets.

On June 13, 2011, PathScale announced that the EKOPath 4 compiler suite would become open source software and licensed under the GPL.

The suite contains:
 C, C++, and Fortran 77/90/95/2003 (partial) compilers
 Complete support for OpenMP 2.5 (including WORKSHARE)
 Complete support for 64-bit and 32-bit x86 compilation
 Code generation for AMD64 ABI, AMD Opteron, and Intel EM64T
 Optimized AMD Core Math Library
 Advanced multi-threaded debugger PathDB
 Compatible with GNU/gcc toolchain and popular third-party debuggers
 Supported on SUSE, Red Hat, and Ubuntu

See also 

 List of compilers
 GPGPU
 OpenMP
 High-performance computing

References

Further reading 
 PathScale CEO comments on company, Linux Clustering

External links 
 
 

C++ compilers
C (programming language) compilers
Cray
Fortran compilers
SeaTools. SeaTools is a computer hard disk analysis software developed and released by Seagate Technology. It exists as a version for DOS (bundled in a bootable medium with FreeDOS) and Microsoft Windows. It can perform short and long drive self-tests and read/write tests, extract S.M.A.R.T. indicators and drive information, and perform advanced tests. It was created by Seagate in response to the fact that more than one third of all drives sent in for repair were actually not defective at all, thus creating unnecessary costs for retailers and the company by having to ship and analyze such disks.

SeaTools for DOS
SeaTools for DOS comes in a package with the FreeDOS operating system. It can be downloaded as a bootable ISO image from the Seagate website.

SeaTools for Windows
The Windows version of SeaTools supports any hard disk regardless of manufacturer. It supports analysis for disks connected via PATA/SATA, USB, IEEE 1394, SAS and SCSI.

SeaTools Enterprise
The enterprise edition is still provided as a legacy version for Seagate hard disks only. It supports only SCSI or Fibre Channel drives and is designed for use with servers and workstations by supporting tests of multiple drives simultaneously as well as sequentially.

References

See also
 Smartmontools

Hard disk software
Utilities for Windows
DOS software