omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fritzing. Fritzing is an open-source initiative to develop amateur or hobby CAD software for the design of electronics hardware, intended to allow designers and artists to build more permanent circuits from prototypes. It was developed at the University of Applied Sciences Potsdam. Fritzing is free software under the GPL 3.0 or later license, with the source code available on GitHub and the binaries at a monetary cost, which is allowed by the GPL.

Goals 

The software was created with inspiration from the Processing programming language and the Arduino microcontroller and allows a designer, artist, researcher, or hobbyist to document their Arduino-based prototype and create a PCB layout for manufacturing. The associated website helps users share and discuss drafts and experiences as well as to reduce manufacturing costs.

Fritzing can be seen as an electronic design automation (EDA) tool for non-engineers: the input metaphor is inspired by the environment of designers (the breadboard-based prototype), while the output is focused on accessible means of production. As of December 2, 2014 Fritzing has made a code view option, where one can modify code and upload it directly to an Arduino device.

Component images are distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0, which will also be the license for any generated breadboard views.

Maker 

Fritzing allows for creation of printed circuit boards. Fritzing provides access to a commercial service known as ‘FritzingFab’ to order PCBs created with designs made on the Fritzing software.

Simulator 
Since version 0.9.10, Fritzing incorporates a basic simulator, which is still in beta. The main aim of the simulator is to teach electronics to beginners, and Fritzing version 0.9.10 only supports analysis of DC circuits. The simulator works on the breadboard and schematic views. In addition, it checks that the parts are working within their specifications (otherwise, a smoke symbol appears). The simulator provides multimeters to read voltages and currents and it attempts to recreate a realistic laboratory session.

See also

 Comparison of EDA software
List of free and open source software packages
 List of free electronics circuit simulators

References

External links 

 
 User Forum
 FabService
 
 
 Fritzing overview

Free electronic design automation software
Physical computing
Electronic design automation software for Linux
Engineering software that uses Qt
Free software programmed in C++
Arduino
David A. Schlissel. David A. Schlissel has been a Senior Consultant with Synapse Energy Economics since 2000.  For 30 years he has worked on complex engineering and economic issues mainly in the field of energy management. This work has ranged from conducting technical investigations, through to presenting expert testimony.  Schlissel has undergraduate and advanced engineering degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University, and a law degree from Stanford Law School.

Recent reports, articles and presentations
Why a Future for the Nuclear Industry is Risky, 2007 report
Risky Appropriations: Gambling US Energy Policy on the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, 2007 report 
The Risks of Building New Nuclear Power Plants, U.S. Senate and House of Representative Briefings, April 20, 2007.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Costs and Electricity Resource Planning, New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, Case 06-00448-UT, March 28, 2007, with Anna Sommer.
The Risks of Building New Nuclear Power Plants, Presentation to the New York Society of Securities Analysts, June 8, 2006.
Conservation and Renewable Energy Should be the Cornerstone for Meeting Future Natural Gas Needs. Presentation to the Global LNG Summit, June 1, 2004. Presentation given by Cliff Chen.
Comments on natural gas utilities’ Phase I Proposals for pre-approved full cost recovery of contracts with liquid natural gas (LNG) suppliers and the costs of interconnecting their systems with LNG facilities. Comments in California Public Utilities Commission Rulemaking 04-01-025. March 23, 2004.
"The 2003 Blackout: Solutions that Won’t Cost a Fortune", The Electricity Journal, November 2003, with others.
FINANCIAL INSECURITY: The Increasing Use of Limited Liability Companies and MultiTiered Holding Companies to Own Nuclear Power Plants, August 2002, with Paul Peterson and Bruce Biewald.

See also 
 Peter A. Bradford
 Amory Lovins
 Mycle Schneider
 M.V. Ramana
 Stephen Thomas (economist)

References

People associated with nuclear power
Stanford Law School alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Millon's reagent. Millon's reagent is an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins. A few drops of the reagent are added to the test solution, which is then heated gently. A reddish-brown coloration or precipitate indicates the presence of tyrosine residue which occur in nearly all proteins. The test was developed by the French chemist Auguste Nicolas Eugene Millon.  The structure of the metal complex is usually misrepresented.  It is an nitroso complex, with M-N bonds.

The reagent is made by dissolving metallic mercury in nitric acid and diluting with water, forming mercuric nitrate (Hg[NO3]2). In the test, the phenol group in the side chain of tyrosine gets nitrated, and that product then complexes with Hg(I) or Hg(II) ions to give a red colored precipitate. Millon's test is not specific for proteins; it also gives a positive test for other compounds containing the phenol functional group. Therefore, the biuret test or the ninhydrin reaction are used along with it to confirm the presence of proteins.

See also
Benedict's reagent

References

Biochemistry detection reactions
Mercury(II) compounds
Magnetic lens. A magnetic lens is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving charged particles, such as electrons or ions, by use of the magnetic Lorentz force. Its strength can often be varied by usage of electromagnets.

Magnetic lenses are used in diverse applications, from cathode ray tubes over electron microscopy to particle accelerators.

Design 

A magnetic lens typically consists of several electromagnets arranged in a quadrupole (see quadrupole magnet), sextupole, or higher format; the electromagnetic coils are placed at the vertices of a square or another regular polygon. From this configuration a customized magnetic field can be formed to manipulate the particle beam.

The passing particle is subjected to two vector forces  (parallel to the core), and  (parallel to the radius of the lens).  causes the particle to spiral through the lens, and this spiraling expose the electron to  which in turn focus the electron. Note that the magnetic field is inhomogeneous, particles close to the center are less strongly deflected than those passing the lens far from the axis.

Uses 

Television sets employing cathode ray tubes use a magnetic lens in the form of a deflection yoke to enable an electron beam to scan the image by deflecting it vertically and horizontally.

See also 

 Charged particle beam
 Electron optics
 Electron beam technology
 Ion beam
 Mass spectrometry
 Quadrupole ion trap
 Quadrupole mass analyzer

Notes

References

External links

Accelerator physics
Cathode ray tube
Electromagnetic coils
Television technology
Types of magnets
XBRLS. XBRLS (XBRL Simple Application Profile) is an application profile of XBRL.

XBRLS is designed to be 100% XBRL compliant.  The stated goals of XBRLS are "to maximize XBRL's benefits, reduce costs of implementation, and maximize the functionality and effectiveness of XBRL".  XBRL is a general purpose specification, based on the idea that no one is likely to use 100% of the components of XBRL in building any one solution.  XBRLS specifies a subset of XBRL that is designed to meet the needs of most business users in most situations, and offers it as a starting point for others.  This approach creates an application profile of XBRL (equivalent to a database view but concerned with metadata, not data).

XBRLS is intended to enable the non-XBRL expert to create both XBRL metadata and XBRL reports in a simple and convenient manner. At the same time, it seeks to improve the usability of XBRL, the interoperability among XBRL-based solutions, the effectiveness of XBRL extensions and to reduce software development costs.

The profile was created by Rene van Egmond and Charlie Hoffman, who was the initial creator of XBRL.  It borrows heavily from the US GAAP Taxonomy Architecture.

XBRLS Architecture
The XBRLS architecture is based on many ideas used by the US GAAP Taxonomy Architecture.  The intent of the XBRLS architecture is to make it easier for business users to make use of XBRL, to make it easier for software vendors to support XBRL, and to safely use the features of XBRL. XBRLS is a subset of what is allowed by the complete XBRL Specification.  Examples of these limitations placed on XBRL are the following:

Uses no tuples.
Only uses the segment element of the instance context and disallows the use of the scenario element.
Allows only XBRL dimensional information as content for the segment element in the instance context. Furthermore, it requires that every concept (member, primary item) participates in a hypercube and that all hypercubes are closed.
Allows no uses of simple or complex typed members within XBRL Dimensions.
XBRLS never uses the precision attribute, always uses the decimals attribute.
Requires that every measure exists in at least one XBRL Dimension.

XBRL Components not used in XBRLS

Footnotes

External links
XBRL Business Information Exchange
XBRLS: how a simpler XBRL can make a better XBRL
Comprehensive Example

XML
XML-based standards
Financial accounting
Accounting software
Oldenburg S 5. The Oldenburg Class S 5 steam engine was a German locomotive built for the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways (Großherzoglich Oldenburgische Staatseisenbahnen) between 1909 and 1913. It was based on the Prussian S 5.2 and, like its predecessor, the Class S 3, it was procured for the route between Wilhelmshaven, Oldenburg and Bremen.

Eleven engines were manufactured by Hanomag between 1909 and 1913. They differed in several technical points from their Prussian cousins, for example they had a Lentz valve gear. Even the running plate was higher than the Prussian S 5.2 so that wheel arches could be omitted. They had Ranafier starting equipment.

The locomotives were given the names of German divinities. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over all eleven engines, classifying them as DRG Class 13.18 and allocating them numbers 13 1851 to 13 1861. They were retired by 1927.

See also 
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways
List of Oldenburg locomotives and railbuses
Länderbahnen

Bibliography 

4-4-0 locomotives
S 05
Railway locomotives introduced in 1909
Hanomag locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
2′B n2v locomotives

Passenger locomotives
Alert-class sloop. The Alert class was a two-ship class of 6-gun screw steel sloops  built for the Royal Navy in 1894.

Design
Alert and Torch were constructed of steel to a design by William White, the Royal Navy Director of Naval Construction. They were powered by a three-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engine developing  and driving a single screw.

Sail plan
The class was originally designed and built with barque-rigged sails, but both ships were re-rigged as barquentines before 1900 by removing the main yards.

Armament
Both ships of the class were armed with six 4-inch and four 3-pounder guns, and three machine guns.

Ships

Operational lives
Screw sloops of Alert's type had been obsolete for many years, but they remained ideal for patrolling Britain's far flung maritime empire.

HMS Alert
Alert served on the North America and West Indies Station, including a period in late 1902 and early 1903 when, under Commodore Montgomerie in HMS Charybdis, she enforced a blockade of the Venezuelan coast.  During this period she captured the Venezuelan Zumbador.  She was laid up for a time at Bermuda, but after 1910 served on the East Indies Station in the Persian Gulf, employed in the suppression of gun-running.  She was sold to the civil authority at Basra in 1926 for use as a pilot vessel. She was broken up in 1949.

HMS Torch

Torch joined the Australian Station in February 1897, serving in New Zealand waters in 1898 and 1899. After a refit, she recommissioned at Sydney on 29 November 1913, and in August 1914 became part of the New Zealand Division of the Eastern Fleet.  On 16 August 1917 she was transferred to the New Zealand Government as the Training Ship Firebrand.  She was sold, renamed Rama and fitted out as a refrigerated ship for the Chatham Islands fishing trade.  While approaching the Chatham Islands on 17 November 1924 she struck an uncharted rock, and was beached and abandoned.

References

External links

Sloop classes
 
 Alert
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Exfoliated graphite nano-platelets (xGnP) are new types of nanoparticles made from graphite. These nanoparticles consist of small stacks of graphene that are 1 to 15 nanometers thick, with diameters ranging from sub-micrometre to 100 micrometres. The X-ray diffractogram of this material would resemble that of graphite, in that the 002 peak would still appear at ~26o 2 theta. However, the peak would appear considerably smaller and broader. These features indicate that the interplanar distance in exfoliated graphite is similar to that of the parent graphite, but the stack size (of graphene layers) is small. Since xGnP is composed of the same material as carbon nanotubes, it shares many of the electrochemical characteristics, although not the tensile strength. The platelet shape, however, offers xGnP edges that are easier to modify chemically for enhanced dispersion in polymers.

Composite materials made with polymers, like plastics, nylon, or rubber, can be made electrically or thermally conductive with the addition of small amounts of xGnP. These nanoparticles can change the fundamental properties of plastics, enabling them to perform more like metals with metallic properties. These new nanoparticles also improve barrier properties, modulus, and surface toughness when used in composites.

Properties
Graphene is extremely electrically conductive material. In turn, xGnP has a percolation threshold for conductivity of 1.9 wt% in thermoplastic matrix. At densities of 2–5 wt%, conductivity reaches sufficient levels to provide electromagnetic shielding. xGnP can also be combined with glass fibers or other matrix materials to provide sufficient conductivity for electrostatic painting or other applications requiring electrical conductivity.

xGnP significantly outperforms most other forms of carbon in terms of thermal conductivity when used at densities of 20 wt% in control resins. At these densities, xGnP also confers significant electrical conductivity as well as improved mechanical properties to most thermoplastic, thermoset, or elastomeric systems. At lesser densities, xGnP adds thermal stability to a variety of matrix materials.

As opposed to materials like carbon black, xGnP improves mechanical properties of most composites, particularly stiffness and tensile strength. Elastomeric compounds have been shown to experience increased life and reduced surface wear when reinforced with xGnP.

Because of the platelet shape, xGnP significantly improves the impermeability of composites when used at densities of ~3 wt% or greater. xGnP particles can be aligned using electric field, although alignment is not necessary for use in most extrusion systems. Because xGnP also imparts electrical conductivity at these densities, the resulting composites offer attractive cost savings for applications like fuel lines or fuel tank linings.

References

Allotropes of carbon
Refractory materials
Leopold Halliday Savile. Sir Leopold Halliday Savile, KCB (31 August 1870 – 28 January 1953) was a Scottish civil engineer.

Savile was born at Bridge of Earn, Perthshire, the son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Walter Savile and Sarah Emma Stoddart. He was a great grandson of the MP Christopher Atkinson (later Savile). He was educated at Marlborough College and King's College London. He was a pupil of Sir John Wolfe Barry and Henry Marc Brunel from 1891–96.

In 1931, Savile was elected a member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers and was their president in 1948. Savile was appointed to the panel of qualified civil engineers required by the Reservoirs Act of 1930 where he was responsible for the design, construction and inspection of reservoirs. At this time he was working for Alexander Gibb and partners.  He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between November 1940 and November 1941.

He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1925. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the same order on 1 March 1929.

In 1904, Savile married Evelyn Stileman,  daughter of Frank Stileman, consulting engineer to the Furness Railway Company. They had one daughter. After her death in 1920, he married secondly, in 1929, Lilith Savile (who was his first cousin once removed), daughter of Brigadier-General Walter Clare Savile.

He died in 1953.

References 

        
        
        
        
        
        

1870 births
1953 deaths
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of King's College London
British civil engineers
Scottish civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Maschinenfabrik Christian Hagans. Maschinenfabrik Christian Hagans (Christian Hagans Engineering Works) was a German locomotive manufacturer founded on 1 July 1857 in Erfurt, Germany, by Christian Hagans.

By the mid-1860s, the company had started building locomotive boilers and other components; in 1872 the first locomotive followed, a narrow gauge engine for a rail gauge of 750 mm. As a result of shortages of space, Hagans often had to limit its operations. For example, the T 15 was built by Henschel because Hagans did not have the necessary capacity. In 1903 the factory site was moved to Ilversgehofen north of the city; only then was large-scale production possible.

On 30 June 1915 the locomotive factory was sold, with effect from 1 April 1916, to the Maschinenbau R. Wolf Magdeburg-Buckau. In 1928, steam locomotive manufacture finally came to an end in Erfurt. By then Hagans had built 1,251 locomotives. The last Hagans engine was a DRG Class 64.

Hagans locomotive
A type of articulated steam locomotive is named after Hagans. It had two groups of coupled wheels that moved together and which were connected via swinging lever system (Schwinghebelsystem), so that the locomotive managed with one pair of cylinders.

Examples are the Baden VIII d, the Prussian T 13 and the Prussian T 15.

Preserved locomotives 

 ČSD U 36.003 (ex Göllnitztalbahn No. 3) with the Košice Children's Heritage Railway (in regular operation)
 HOHEMARK No.2 in the Frankfurt am Main Transport Museum
89 7462 DB museum Koblenz

Literature
 Geoff Murdoch. Tasmania's Hagans: the North East Dundas Tramway articulated J class. The author, 1998. 
 Hagans, Friedrich; Lohr, Hermann; Thielmann, Dr. Georg: Lokomotiven von Hagans, Transpress, Berlin 1991, 
Karl-Ernst Maedel: Aus der Dampfzeit: Erinnerungen und Erzählungen aus einer vergangenen Epoche, München 1999, Geramond,

External links 
 http://www.werkbahn.de/eisenbahn/lokbau/hagans.htm
 Firmen-Geschichte der Fa. Hagans 

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Companies based in Erfurt
Sad Robots. Sad Robots is an EP released by the Canadian band Stars. It was released on September 1, 2008 on digital download.  It is also available as a physical CD through their website, as well as during their fall 2008 tour. The album cover and merchandise for Stars' 2008–9 tour features the comic robot character Boilerplate.

Track listing

References

External links
 

2008 EPs
Stars (Canadian band) albums
City and Guilds College Union. The City and Guilds College Union represents students who are undertaking courses from the departments of Aeronautical, Chemical, Civil, Design, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering, together with Bioengineering and Computing at the college. Other students within the Faculty of Engineering are represented by the Royal School of Mines Students' Union. These follow the names of two of the three former 'Constituent Colleges' that formed Imperial in the early 20th century. The City and Guilds Union's name derives from the original City and Guilds College from which the faculty was formed. The union hosts an annual welcome dinner, and members of the union are traditionally known as Guildsmen and Guildswomen. The students' union brings together the 8 departmental societies, and organises events throughout the year, and to welcome new students.

The Union has a traditional rivalry with the Royal College of Science Union, against which it engaged in traditional food fights, and has a chant known as the Boomalaka. Its mascots include Boanerges, nicknamed "Bo", a 1902 James & Browne which competes in the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run. The car is run by the union's Motor Club, with the car having been acquired the union for £40 in 1934. In 1955, the Guilds union president took part in the college's Commemoration Day procession. The union has in the past also organised a tricycle record attempt around the coast of Britain raising money for the RNLI, as well as raft races on the Serpentine and tugs of war in the 1960s with other constituent unions. There remain constant attempts by each union to steal the mascots of the others.

See also 
 Royal College of Science Union
 City and Guilds of London Institute

References

External links 
 Official Website

Clubs and societies of Imperial College London
Imperial College Faculty of Engineering
Compressed hydrogen. Compressed hydrogen (CH2, CGH2 or CGH2) is the gaseous state of the element hydrogen kept under pressure. Compressed hydrogen in hydrogen tanks at 350 bar (5,000 psi) and 700 bar (10,000 psi) is used for mobile hydrogen storage in hydrogen vehicles. It is used as a fuel gas.

Infrastructure
Compressed hydrogen is used in hydrogen pipeline transport and in compressed hydrogen tube trailer transport.

See also
Combined cycle powered railway locomotive
Cryo-adsorption
Gas compressor
Gasoline gallon equivalent
Hydrogen compressor
Hydrogen safety
Liquid hydrogen
Liquefaction of gases
Metallic hydrogen
Slush hydrogen
Standard cubic foot
Timeline of hydrogen technologies

References

External links
 COMPRESSED HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM ("CH2IP")

Hydrogen physics
Hydrogen technologies
Hydrogen storage
Fuel gas
Gases
Industrial gases
IP connectivity access network. IP-CAN (or IP connectivity access network) is an access network that provides Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity. The term is usually used in cellular context and usually refers to 3GPP access networks such as GPRS or EDGE, but can be also used to describe wireless LAN (WLAN) or DSL networks. It was introduced in 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) standards as a generic term referring to any kind of IP-based access network as IMS put much emphasis on access and service network separation.

See also
IP multimedia subsystem
Radio access network

References

Computer networking