omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Messerschmitt P.1108. Messerschmitt P.1108 Fernbomber was a design for a jet-propelled bomber developed for the Luftwaffe by Messerschmitt during the last years of Nazi Germany. It was never completed.

History
The P.1108 was designed by Dr. Wurster, to a concept by Dr. Alexander Lippisch. It was to have four Heinkel HeS 011 jet engines placed in the wing near the trailing edge, with intakes under the leading edge and ducting through it. Fully loaded weight was to be 30 tons, and range of  at a speed of  and a height of .

While not a true flying wing, it was tailless (with only a stabilizing fin and rudder).

While the Fedden Mission was told about the project, none of the information provided by Messerschmitt's employees could be independently verified, since all data had already been removed by the French. No aircraft were completed.

Notes

Sources
 Christopher, John.  The Race for Hitler's X-Planes.  The Mill, Gloucestershire:  History Press, 2013.

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
1940s German bomber aircraft
P1108
World War II jet aircraft of Germany
Han Meijer. Henricus Eduard Hubertus (Han) Meijer (born 15 May 1949 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch professor emeritus of Polymer Technology  in the Eindhoven University of Technology; he was formerly the scientific director  of the laboratory. His research interests include structure development during flow and structure-property relations, micro-rheology and microfluidics, micro-macro-mechanics, modelling of polymer processing and design in polymers.

Career
He received his MSc in mechanical engineering from the University of Twente in 1975, and his Ph.D degree from the same university in 1980. His thesis, "Melting in Single Screw Extruders: Models, Calculations, Screw Design", was done under the direction of J.F. Ingen Housz.  He then became a research scientist at  DSM research.  In 1985 he was appointed part-time professor at the department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology  at Eindhoven, and in 1989   became full professor in  Polymer Technology in the Fundamental Mechanics group of the department of Mechanical Engineering.

He was scientific director of  Eindhoven Polymer Laboratories from 2003 until his retirement on 1 May 2014. He was the PhD thesis advisor for more than 60 students, and published   over 200 peer-reviewed scientific articles.

Meijer was awarded the DSM Performance Materials Award 2010.

References

External links
Official biography
Official curriculum vitae

Scientists from Amsterdam
University of Twente alumni
Academic staff of the Eindhoven University of Technology
1949 births
Living people
Universal Remote Console. Universal Remote Console (URC) is a standard for defining alternative user interfaces for devices that can be used remotely. In the vocabulary of URC, the remote devices are called "controllers", while the devices they control are called "targets". The controller presents a user interface for the target that can be an alternative in various respects: the user interface language, its ease of use, its accessibility to persons with disabilities, etc. Since user interfaces in different devices or products ("targets") can vary a lot, Universal Remote Console would enable a user to control these products through a single device; this single device would present interfaces that are adapted to the user's needs. The communication between a target and a controller typically uses a wireless protocol; the URC standard does not restrict which protocols can be used. For example, the "Universal Remote Console on HTTP" (URC-HTTP) protocol is a protocol that can be implemented by servers that are compliant with UPnP RemoteUI (CEA-2014).

URC is defined by standard ISO/IEC 24752. This standard builds on earlier work that started in the late 1990s and that was first standardised at the American National Standards Institute (ANSI INCITS 389-2005 to 393-2005).
Most parts of the URC standard were updated in 2014, and a new part (web service integration) was added:
 ISO/IEC 24752-1:2014: Information technology—User interfaces—Universal remote console—Part 1: General framework (revision of ISO/IEC 24752-1:2008)
 ISO/IEC 24752-2:2014: Information technology—User interfaces—Universal remote console—Part 2: User interface socket description (revision of ISO/IEC 24752-2:2008)
 ISO/IEC 24752-4:2014: Information technology—User interfaces—Universal remote console—Part 4: Target description (revision of ISO/IEC 24752-4:2008)
 ISO/IEC 24752-5:2014: Information technology—User interfaces—Universal remote console—Part 5: Resource description (revision of ISO/IEC 24752-5:2008)
 ISO/IEC 24752-6:2014: Information technology—User interfaces—Universal remote console—Part 6: Web service integration

See also
 Adaptive user interface
 User interface markup language

External links
 OpenURC Alliance
 Trace URC SDK: an open source implementation of the Universal Remote Console (URC) technology

References

ISO/IEC standards
User interface markup languages
User interface techniques
Ludwig Prandtl Ring. The Ludwig Prandtl Ring is the highest award of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics), awarded "for outstanding contribution in the field of aerospace engineering". The award is named in honour of Ludwig Prandtl.

Recipients 

 1957 Theodore von Kármán
 1958 Albert Betz
 1959 Claudius Dornier
 1960 Frederick Handley Page
 1961 Henrich Focke
 1962 
 1963 
 1964 
 1965 Jakob Ackeret
 1966 Adolf Busemann
 1967 Giuseppe Gabrielli
 1968 Hans W. Liepmann
 1969 Hermann Schlichting
 1970 Dietrich Küchemann
 1971 Robert Legendre
 1972 Ludwig Bölkow
 1973 
 1974 William R. Sears
 1975 August W. Quick
 1976 Alec David Young
 1977 
 1978 Robert Thomas Jones
 1979 Fritz Schultz-Grunow
 1980 Herbert A. Wagner
 1981 Hans G. Küssner
 1982 Kurt Magnus
 1983 James Lighthill
 1984 Bernhard H. Goethert
 1985 
 1986 Roger Béteille
 1987 Holt Ashley
 1988 
 1989 
 1990 Hubert Ludwieg
 1991 
 1992 Hans von Ohain
 1993 
 1994 Josef Singer
 1995 
 1996 Harvard Lomax
 1997 
 1998 Jürgen Zierep
 1999 Hans G. Hornung
 2000 Julius C. Rotta
 2001 Not awarded
 2002 Boris Laschka
 2003 
 2004 Egon Krause
 2005 Wilhelm Schneider
 2006 
 2007 Peter Hamel
 2008 Yuri Kachanov
 2009 Siegfried Wagner
 2010 Michael Gaster
 2011 Not awarded
 2012 John W. Hutchinson
 2013 
 2014 Dietrich Hummel
 2015 
 2016 Egbert Torenbeek
 2017 Helmut Sobieczky
 2018 Hermann Fasel
 2019 Ann Dowling

See also

 List of aviation awards
 List of engineering awards

References

External links 
 DGLR: Recipients

Academic awards
Aviation awards
Awards established in 1957
Engineering awards
German science and technology awards
Covasna inclined plane. Covasna's inclined plane (also called Șiclău) is a unique standard gauge railway system used to carry logs by using gravity, without any other source of energy.

History

Covasna's inclined plane (Șiclăul, as it is known locally), was designed by engineer Emil Lux in 1886, at the initiative of lumber mill owner David Horn  near the border between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Romania. The railway's main purpose was to increase wood supply and timber transportation. A narrow gauge railway (760 mm) Comandău -  Covasna was built between 1889 and 1891.

After two years Horn transferred the concession to  forestry company Ardeleana, formerly Erdelyi Erdoipar RT. Ardeleana was founded in 1890 and was owned by Groedel brothers. This company built nine railway systems covering a total of 118.3 km. To enable the connection between Valea Zânelor (Fairy's Valley) and Șiclău, the Inclined Plane was inaugurated in 1890. The components were manufactured by Viennese firm Obach. The Inclined Plane was used every day for over a century (1892-1995). It transported approximately 30 cars daily, each having the capacity of 10m3 of wood.

In 1995, only a few years after celebrating its centenary, the Inclined Plane underwent a series of unfortunate events when a powerful storm toppled almost all the nearby trees. In addition, in 1997 the top control station was destroyed by fire. A drastic reduction in wood volumes ended the Inclined Plane on 1 October 1999 (along with 32 km of railway that formed the last remains of the forestry railways system from Comandău).

Operation
The train operated by allowing the weight of a loaded train to pull a lighter, empty train up the slope. A metal cable connected the two trains. Operation was controlled from the control room located in the top station. Trains ran on a normal track gauge (1435 mm). In the middle of the route a branch allowed the simultaneous passage of the wagons.

References

External links

 How a unique technical gem is disappearing
 The story of a unique technical monument in Europe

Rail infrastructure in Romania
Forest railways
Heritage railways in Romania
Tourist attractions in Covasna County
Funicular railways in Romania
760 mm gauge railways in Romania
Railway inclines
Defunct funicular railways
Direct clustering algorithm. Direct clustering algorithm (DCA) is a methodology for identification of cellular manufacturing structure within an existing manufacturing shop. The DCA was introduced in 1982 by H.M. Chan and D.A. Milner  The algorithm restructures the existing machine / component (product) matrix of a shop by switching the rows and columns in such a way that a resulting matrix shows component families (groups) with corresponding machine groups. See Group technology. The algorithm is executable in manual way but was already suitable for computer use of the time.

Procedure
The cellular manufacturing structure consists of several machine groups (production cells) where corresponding product groups (products with similar technology) are being exclusively manufactured. In aim of identification of possible cellular manufacturing structure within an existing manufacturing shop the DCA methodology roughly provides following procedure:

 Setting up a matrix where one dimension represents machines, the other products. All intersections where a product requires a machine is filled with "1", all others are filled with "0".
 The position of the columns and order of the rows is than changed. The algorithm provides the rules for column changing and row changing in aim of concentration of matrix cells containing "1" in several groups.
 The resulting matrix shows groups of products with corresponding machines aligned by the matrix diagonal.

The experience
The DCA methodology would give a perfect result in an ideal case where there are no overlapping machines or products between the groups. The overlapping in most real cases represents further challenge for the methodology users. The "Formation of Machine Cells/ Part Families in Cellular Manufacturing Systems Using an ART-Modified Single Linkage Clustering Approach – A Comparative Study" by M. Murugan and V. Selladurai shows the comparison of DCA to some other methodologies of the same purpose.

References

External links
Saving Time With Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM)

Lean manufacturing
Draft survey. A draft survey is a calculation of the weight of cargo loaded or unloaded to or from a ship from measurents of changes in its displacement. The technique is based on Archimedes' principle. The procedure is standardized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for the measurement of coal cargoes.

Procedure 
The draft survey is performed by reading the ship's draft on the draft markings at six standard points on the hull: forward, midships and aft on both port and starboard sides. Corrections for factors such as trim, water density and non-cargo weight changes are made before calculating the cargo weight change.

References

Measurement
Nautical terminology
Oregon-Canadian Forest Products. Oregon-Canadian Forest Products, Inc., known as OCFP or simply Oregon-Canadian, is an American lumber product manufacturer headquartered in North Plains in Oregon's Portland metropolitan area.  It has been recognized as one of the top 100 private companies in Oregon.  They are the largest manufacturer of high-grade Douglas fir lumber in the United States.  They are also the only company that makes wood gutters used for the restoration of homes on the East Coast.

History
Founded in 1977, Oregon-Canadian Forest Products began as a wholesale operation with three employees.  In 2004, Oregon-Canadian Forest Products donated funding and materials to construct a new 2,500 square foot library for the city of North Plains.  By 2008, the company had grown to 150 employees across three facilities with annual revenues of $63 million, but had shrunk back to 100 employees by late 2009.  In 2011, Oregon-Canadian donated material to the North Plains Senior Center.

References

External links
 

Companies based in Washington County, Oregon
Manufacturing companies established in 1977
Forest products companies of the United States
1977 establishments in Oregon
Fedden car. The Fedden car (or F-car) was a British automobile produced after the Second World War by Roy Fedden Ltd. It was never manufactured.

Designed by Roy Fedden, assisted by Alec Moulton, Ian Duncan, Peter Ware, and Gordon Wilkins, the styling resembled the contemporary Jowett Javelin, with a sloping rear, four doors, seating for six, and rear spats. The design drew inspiration from the Volkswagen Type 1, including the rear-mounted engine and rear swing axle suspension. The car was powered by a horizontally-mounted  sleeve valve three-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, which had the carburettor between the rear window and the passenger compartment. The engine sat over the torque converter and rear axle, which contributed to a high center of gravity and a tendency to skid.

Of monocoque construction, the F-car was assembled in three distinct sections, each joined with four bolts. Intended to simplify repairs, it left the car with "a somewhat industrial feel". There were also issues with vibration, overheating, and a tendency to skid, doubtless exacerbated by the swing axle, which was unfamiliar to British drivers; the same issue arose in connection with the Chevrolet Corvair. (In testing, the company's test driver Alec Caine suffered a serious wreck due to the engine's pendulum effect.)

Only a single prototype was built. The F-car never entered production, as the company, Roy Fedden Limited, went into liquidation in April 1947.

The prototype later disappeared, reportedly being stored in a shed at the Cranfield Aeronautical College in the 1960s.

Notes

Sources 
 Christopher, John.  The Race for Hitler's X-Planes. The Mill, Gloucestershire:  History Press, 2013.

Automobiles powered by radial engines
Cars introduced in 1947
British brands
Cars of England
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Fedden Cotswold. The Cotswold was a turboprop aircraft engine designed by Roy Fedden after the Second World War.

Intended to power airliners for short or medium ranges, cruising at  and , the Cotswold produced , and was meant to be installed within the wings of aircraft in either tractor or pusher configuration. With eleven axial compressor stages and two turbine stages, it was only  in diameter and weighed .

The company making it, Roy Fedden Ltd., went into liquidation in April 1947, and no engines were manufactured.

Notes

Further reading

 
 

1940s turboprop engines
George G. Adams (engineer). George G. Adams (born 1948) is an American mechanical engineer specializing in tribology, contact mechanics, dynamics, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). He is a distinguished professor in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering department at Northeastern University, Boston. Together with João Arménio Correia Martins, he discovered the frictional dynamic instabilities or Adams-Martins instabilities. Adams has published more than 120 papers in peer-reviewed journals, presenting new mathematical solutions of fundamental problems of mechanics, such as the dynamics of elastic structures subjected to moving loads, the contact of elastic plates with account to the adhesion force, as well as his studies of adhesion in MEMS microswitches and of contact mechanics. He has had many government and industry contracts and research grants.

Adams has a BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cooper Union (1969), and MS (1972) and PhD (1975) degrees in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Mechanics) from the University of California at Berkeley, where his advisor was David B. Bogy. Adams is also an educator and administrator. He a fellow of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers and of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), where he is chair of the Executive Committee of the Tribology Division and founded its Contact Mechanics Technical Committee.

References 

American mechanical engineers
Tribologists
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Living people
1948 births
Northeastern University faculty
Cooper Union alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
CodePeer. CodePeer is a static analysis tool, which identifies constructs that are likely to lead to run-time errors such as buffer overflows, and it flags legal but suspect code, typical of logic errors  in Ada programs. All Ada run-time checks are exhaustively verified by CodePeer, using a variant of abstract interpretation.  In October 2014, CodePeer was qualified for use in safety-critical contexts  as a sound tool for identifying possible run-time errors. CodePeer also produces detailed as-built documentation of each subprogram, including pre- and post-conditions, to help with code review and to ease locating potential bugs and vulnerabilities early.

CodePeer is produced by AdaCore, a computer software company with North American headquarters in New York City and European headquarters in Paris.

See also
Abstract interpretation
Static code analysis
Software testing
Software Security Assurance
List of tools for static code analysis

References

External links
 CodePeer product description
 AdaCore web site
 CodePeer qualification news release
 AdaCore's CodePeer developed in partnership with SofCheck
 Why is static analysis a challenge? - interview with Michael Friess
 Tucker Taft, "Advanced static analysis meets contract-based programming", 2013.
 Embedded Computing Design, "Making static analysis a part of code review", 2009.

Static program analysis tools
Java platform software
Development software companies
Argus As III. The Argus As III was a six-cylinder, in-line, water-cooled, aircraft engine produced in Germany by Argus Motoren during World War I. The Argus As III produced  at 1,400 rpm.

Design and development

Argus Motoren already supplied a limited number 150 hp and 200 hp aircraft engines to the Imperial German Navy in the Summer of 1914.
As these engines did not prove successful Argus decided to concentrate its development efforts on an improved  six-cylinder type which became accepted into service in January 1916 as the Argus As III.
License production of the engine was ordered at Deutz, Güldner, M.A.N., Opel and Stoewer.
First operational experience with the engine however proved troublesome, with overheating problems occurring among other things.
These problems were only solved after several improvements of the engine and so it took until the end of 1917 for the engine to attain its full operational maturity.

Applications
AEG C.IV
Albatros B.II
Albatros C.I
Albatros C.III
Gotha G.IV
Hannover CL.II
Hannover CL.IIIa
LFG Roland D.II
LFG Roland D.III
Rumpler C.I
Rumpler C.VIII
Sablatnig C.I

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography 

Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1993. p. 258. 

1910s aircraft piston engines
As III
Changhong Technology. Shenzhen Changhong Technology Co., Ltd. is a Chinese plastic parts and injection mold-maker. It was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange ChiNext board on 22 December 2010 using stock code  with  registered capital.

The "CHT Group" has subsidiaries in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Heyuan, Anhui, and Hong Kong with their headquarters in Pingshan New District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

Major customers include Konica Minolta Inc., Brother Industries, for whom they produce tooling and parts for Multifunction Printers, Thermo Fisher and Beijing Xiaomi Technology Co., Ltd.

As of 9 November 2016, Changhong Technology was a constituent of SZSE 1000 Index (as well as sub-index SZSE 700 Index) but not in SZSE Component Index, making the company to be ranked between the 501st to 1,000th by free float adjusted market capitalization.

Ownership
The public listing was funded in cash with 49.91% being paid by the company Chairman Li Huanchang (李焕昌). Heyuan subsidiary General Manager Hua Shoufu (华守夫) paid 7.86% and Shanghai subsidiary General Manager Xu Yanping (徐燕平) contributed 5.99% of the investment.

Additional investors include the Shenzhen Zhongke Hongyi Venture Investment Co., Ltd. - 深圳市中科宏易创业投资有限公司 (3.73%), Zhejiang Lianheng Venture Capital Co., Ltd. - 浙江联盛创业投资有限公司 (3.73%) and Deng Shiyan - 邓世珩 (1.05%).  The remaining 27.73% was raised from numerous other sources.

Names and Locations
On 20 December 2007, the company changed its name from Shenzhen Changhong Hardware Manufacture Co., Ltd. to Shenzhen Changhong Mold Technology Co., Ltd. and then on 15 May 2012 to its current name 'Shenzhen Changhong Technology Co., Ltd.' to reflect changes to its business approach.

On 16 December 2005, the company relocated from Jianxin Village, Ailian Village, Longgang Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen to its current address on the Westside of Jinlong Avenue in Pingshan New District.

See also

 Injection Moulding

References

External links 
 

Manufacturing companies based in Shenzhen
Chinese companies established in 2001
Companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
2001 in Shenzhen
BB 63413 Plathee. BB 63413 PLATHEE (or Plathée in French) is a hybrid locomotive that was used for testing on the French rail operator SNCF. PLATHEE is an acronym for "Platform for Energy- Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Hybrid Trains".

Overview
BB 63413 is a demonstration platform built from a BB 63400 shunting locomotive and introduced in April 2009. The 63413 is designed to perform two functions common to the 63400 platform: switching (hump yard) service and urban service (operation within 20–40 km of a freight station).

Prime movers
The locomotive uses a downsized diesel engine and a 50 kW HELION fuel cell to provide power. Running tests were done with the fuel cell in September 2009 but it was removed in October 2009 and later running tests were made without it. The project was financed by the French Government through the Environment and Energy Management Agency and several industrial partners.

Traction motors
From the base BB63413 locomotive, only the frame, the bogies and the 4 DC electric motors were retained for the demonstrator model. The maximum speed attained during testing was 79.6 km/h.

Energy storage
The program was to use the Nickel Zinc technology, but due to difficulty in obtaining the necessary batteries, Nickel Cadmium batteries were used instead. The batteries are of 138 Ah, providing 50 kWh of stored energy. There are also 4 ultracapacitor modules, of 25F per module, providing 4 x 3 kWh of stored energy. The locomotive is designed to operate at various operating speeds and can also use biodiesel as a fuel.

Retirement
The Plathee was retired in 2011 at the end of the trials and is now on display at the Cité du Train.

References

SNCF locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of France
Hybrid locomotives
B-B locomotives
Experimental locomotives 
Individual locomotives of France 
Shunting locomotives