omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jacquelien Scherpen. Jacquelien Maria Aleida Scherpen is a Dutch applied mathematician specializing in nonlinear control theory. She is a professor in the faculty of science and engineering at the University of Groningen, director of the Groningen Engineering Center, and former scientific director of the Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG). She has been rector magnificus of the university since September 2023.

Education and career
Scherpen studied applied mathematics at the University of Twente, earning a master's degree in 1990 and completing her Ph.D. in 1994. Her doctoral dissertation,  Balancing for Nonlinear Systems, was jointly promoted by Huibert Kwakernaak and Arjan van der Schaft.

She was affiliated with the Delft University of Technology from 1994 until 2006, when she moved to her present position at the University of Groningen. She was scientific director of ENTEG from 2013 to 2019, and has directed the Groningen Engineering Center since 2016.

On 1 September 2023 she became rector magnificus of the university, succeeding Cisca Wijmenga.

Recognition
Scherpen was named an IEEE Fellow in 2021 "for contributions to nonlinear model reduction and passivity-based control". She is also a knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. In 2022, she was elected Chair of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Activity Group on Control and Systems Theory (SIAM SIAG/CST).

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Dutch mathematicians
Dutch women mathematicians
Control theorists
University of Twente alumni
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Academic staff of the University of Groningen
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Fellows of the IEEE
Rectors of universities in the Netherlands
Aeroelastic tailoring. Aeroelastic tailoring is defined as "the embodiment of directional stiffness into an aircraft structural design to control aeroelastic deformation, static or dynamic, in such a fashion as to affect the aerodynamic and structural performance of that aircraft in a beneficial way", or "passive aeroelastic control". Objectives associated with aeroelastic tailoring include weight minimization, flutter, divergence, stress, roll reversal, control effectiveness, lift, drag, skin buckling, and fatigue.

History 
According to Shirk et al., the first record of aeroelastic tailoring is from 1949 by Munk, who oriented the grain of his wooden propeller blade to create desirable deformation couplings when operated. In the late 1960s, there was a thrust in aeroelastic tailoring research, which has continued fairly steadily through to today. The forward swept wings of the X-29 and the Active Aeroelastic Wing are two aeroelastic tailoring examples highlighted by Weisshaar. Today the use of composite materials is becoming more prevalent in transport aircraft, including the Boeing 787, the Airbus A380, and the upcoming Airbus A350. Enhanced fabrication processes for composite laminates offer new design possibilities that have not been fully exploited for optimal aeroelastic performance and weight savings.

References 

Aircraft wing design
Aircraft performance
Albert S. Kobayashi. Albert Satoshi Kobayashi (born December 9, 1924) is an American engineer and scientist.

Early life and education 
Kobayashi was born on December 9, 1924, in Chicago. He graduated from the University of Tokyo with a bachelor's degree in 1947. He earned a master's degree from the University of Washington in 1952 and a doctorate in mechanics from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1958.

Research and career 
From 1947 to 1950 Kobayashi worked as an engineer at Konishiroku Photo Industry in Japan. From 1953 to 1955 he worked as an engineer at Illinois Tool Works and from 1958 to 1975 at Boeing. He became an assistant professor in 1958 and later professor at the University of Washington. From 1988 to 1995 he was the Boeing Pennell Professor of Structural Analysis. He has been a professor emeritus in the Department of Mechanical Engineering since 1997. His research includes the mechanics of brittle fractures, experimental stress analysis, Moiré interferometry, elasticity theory, statics and dynamics of mechanical structures. In 1997 he received the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1986, received the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and is a Fellow and an honorary member of the Society for Experimental Mechanics. From 1977 to 1984 he was Associate Editor of the Journal of Applied Mechanics.  The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences named the Kobayashi Award after him. He was the president of the Society for Experimental Mechanics from 1989 to 1990.

Awards and recognition 
National Academy of Engineering
Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Fellow of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
Honorary Member of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Daniel C. Drucker Medal
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Nadai Medal
Society for Experimental Mechanics M.M. Frocht Award
Society for Experimental Mechanics B.J. Lazan Award
Society for Experimental Mechanics W.M. Murray Lecture Award
Society for Experimental Mechanics F.G. Tatnall Award
Society for Experimental Mechanics R.E. Peterson Award

Translation 
This article is based in part or in whole on a translation of this version of the German Wikipedia article Albert S. Kobayashi. The editors of the original article are listed in its page history. This indication merely indicates the origin of the wording and does not serve as a source for the information in this article.

References 

1924 births
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Washington faculty
American engineers
University of Tokyo alumni
University of Washington alumni
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH. Bareiss (full name: Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH) is a German materials testing company founded in 1954 by Heinrich Bareiss. The company specialises in material testing equipment and is headquartered in Oberdischingen, Germany.

Testing instruments
Bareiss manufactures durometers, automatic hardness testers, temperature-controlled hardness testers, density testers, ball rebound testers, rheology equipment such as rubber process analyzers, and an automated optical inspections system. Most of the product components are manufactured in-house.

Bareiss is also the first DKD calibration laboratory (today: DAkkS laboratory) in Europe, according to DIN EN ISO 17025 for the calibrations of the measurement category of hardness, according to Shore DIN ISO 48-4 and DIN ISO 48-2.

History
Bareiss was founded in 1954 by Heinrich Bareiss to produce mechanical hardness testers. In 1961, their first product, BS-61, was released. Brigitte Wirth and Peter Strobel took over the company in 1993. A couple of years later, in 1996, Strobel initiated the accreditation of Bareiss to be an official DKD calibration laboratory. Katrin Shen and Oliver Wirth currently lead the company.

Bareiss has a branch in Shanghai, China, which opened in 2012. In 2018, Bareiss USA was founded. Bareiss opened a third branch in Taiwan in 2020. In 2021, Bareiss North America was founded in Toronto, Canada to manage North American operations. Bareiss also opened branches in Taiwan and in Toronto, Canada in the 2020s.

Bareiss was certified by the German Accreditation Body (former German National Test Authority) to calibrate material testing machines and issue the corresponding DAkkS calibration certificates.

References

External links

Materials testing
IMOCA 60 Safran 3. The IMOCA 60 Class yacht Safran, FRA 25, was designed by Lauriot-Prévost and G. Verdier and launched in the 2015 after being built by CDK Technologies based in Lorient, France.

Racing results

Timeline

Safran, FRA 25 - Morgan Lagravière

Maitre Coq IV, FRA 17 - Yannick Bestaven

References 

2010s sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Guillaume Verdier
Sailing yachts designed by VPLP
Vendée Globe yachts
IMOCA 60 yachts
Susan K. Foss. Susan K. Foss (born December 24, 1941, in Traverse City, Michigan) was an American engineer. She worked at Deere and Company throughout her career and held numerous service roles in the Society for Experimental Mechanics, including serving as the society's first female president from 1998 to 1999. She died on January 24, 2013.

Education 
Foss earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics from Michigan State University. In 1967 she attended Michigan Technological University until 1975 when she received a master's degree and ABD in engineering mechanics.

Research and career 
Foss worked for Fairbanks-Morse Corporation in Beloit, Wisconsin as part of an advanced research and design team between her time at Michigan State University and Michigan Technological University. She worked for Deere and Company, starting as a project engineer in 1975 in Waterloo, Iowa. In 1980, she transferred to Moline, where she continued as an engineer for Deere and Company until her retirement in 2006. Foss was a 40-year member of the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM) serving as the treasurer from 1991 to 1994 and first female president of the society from 1998 to 1999. She played a seminal role in the development of Experimental Techniques from its start as a newsletter for the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (later known as SEM) in the mid-1970s to a full magazine in the early 1980s, and ultimately an archival peer-reviewed technical journal. Foss was appointed as Experimental Techniques's first technical editor from 1985 to 1987 and a second term from 2001 to 2003. She was a long-serving associate technical editor for the journal and was named Editor Emeritus in 2012.

Awards and recognition 
Society for Experimental Mechanics Tatnall Award (1995)
Society for Experimental Mechanics Brewer Award (1999)
SEM Fellow (2004)

References 

1941 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Michigan State University alumni
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
Michigan Technological University alumni
Lanthanum phosphide. Lanthanum phosphide is an inorganic compound of lanthanum and phosphorus with the chemical formula LaP.

Synthesis
Lanthanum phosphide can be made by heating lanthanum metal with excess phosphorus in a vacuum:

 4 La + P4 → 4 LaP

Physical properties
Lanthanum phosphide forms black crystals of a cubic system, space group Fmm, cell parameters a = 0.6025 nm, with number of formulas per unit cell Z = 4.

The crystals are very unstable and decompose in the open air.

Electronic properties
Lanthanum phosphide is an example of a strongly correlated material, complicating theoretical prediction of its properties.

According to HSE06 calculations, lanthanum phosphide has been theoretically predicted to have an indirect band gap of 0.25 eV along the Γ-X direction. According to HSE06 calculations with spin-orbit coupling, the band gap is predicted to be a direct gap of 0.72 eV at the X point. Using EVGGA, the compound is predicted to have a band gap of 0.56 eV along the Γ-X direction. FP-LAPW has predicted an indirect gap of 0.33 eV along the Γ-X direction.

Chemical properties
Lanthanum phosphide reacts with water, releasing highly toxic phosphine gas:

 LaP + 3H2O → La(OH)3 + PH3

Uses
Lanthanum phosphide compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications, and in laser diodes.

Lanthanum polyphosphide
In addition to the simple phosphide, LaP, lanthanum and phosphorus can also form phosphorus-rich compounds such as LaP2 LaP5 and LaP7.

References

Further reading
  HathiTrust (no access)

Phosphides
Lanthanum compounds
Semiconductors
Rock salt crystal structure
Albatros L 78. The Albatros L 78 was a two-seater biplane reconnaissance aircraft created in 1928. It was a revamp of the Albatros L 76 and armed with two 7.9 caliber machine guns with one being on the turret. Its engine was a BMW VI. 

The L78 was tested at the German flight testing centre at Rechlin–Lärz Airfield in 1928.  Six to seven L 78s were used by the German secret air force training school at Lipetsk, Russia from 1929 until the school was closed in 1933, with the survivors returning to Germany. At least four were wrecked in crashes while at Lipetsk. Eventually, it had two modifications: A reconnaissance bomber, and a transport aircraft with passenger windows and a door.  In total, 14 of these aircraft were made.

References

Reconnaissance aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Albatros aircraft
Biplanes
Zunder 1500. The Zunder, which means "spark" in German, was a passenger car produced by the Argentine company Industrias del Transporte Automotor between 1960 and 1963.

History and description

The Zunder 1500 was an attempt by Nelson José and Eligio Bongiovanni to take advantage of the growing demand for cheap and widely available means of transportation in Argentina. Owning a car factory in Córdoba, they set out to build their own unique car in 1960. Under the direction of engineer Emil Rufilius a small 2-door saloon was created, based around a Porsche-sourced drivetrain. This affiliation with Porsche was later used in an advertising campaign.

The body of the 1500 was made of plastic resulting in a kerb weight of only 880 kg. It was distinguished by the characteristic oblique arrangement of the headlights and negatively tilted C-pillars resulting in a wrap-around rear windscreen. The rear-engine, rear-wheel drivetrain consisted of a 4-speed transaxle mated to a 1.5 L  overhead valve flat-4 engine from the Porsche 356. Developing 57 bhp, it was able to propel the 1500 to a maximum speed of 150 km/h (93 mph).

The 1500 premiered in September, 1960 during a gala at the Alvear Palace Hotel. A coupé variant, very similar in appearance to the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia, was also unveiled during the gala. Soon after deliveries of the Zunder sedan began. However, the coupé did not go beyond the prototype stage.

A total of about 200 cars were built. The creation of a sales and service network exceeded the financial capabilities of the company, leading to its demise in 1963.

Specifications

Engine
 Manufacturer: Porsche
 Layout: flat-four
 Cooling: air-cooled
 Valve train: pushrod OHV, 2 valves per cylinder
 Displacement: 1488 cc
 Bore × stroke: 80.00 mm x 74.00 mm
 Compression ratio: 7.0:1
 Fuel delivery: 1 Solex 32 BPL carburettor
 Maximum power output: 58 hp (43 kW) at 4800 rpm

Performance
 Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph)

Braking system
 Front: drums
 Rear: drums

Dimensions and weight
 Wheelbase: 2,400 mm (94.5 in)
 Length: 4,320 mm (170.1 in)
 Width: 1,540 mm (60.6 in)
 Height: 1,490 mm (58.7 in)
 Curb weight: 880 kg (1,940 lb)

References

 Zunder 1500 (pol.). autoepoka.org. [dostęp 13-07-2016].
 Niech to Zunder świśnie! (pol.). poznajemysamochody.pl. [dostęp 14-07-2016].

Car models
Cars of Argentina
Goods manufactured in Argentina
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-engined vehicles
1960s cars
Valerie M. Thomas. Valerie Margaret Thomas (born 1959) is an American physicist and environmental engineer, with broad research interests in environmental technology including aspects of the subject relating to materials science, energy systems, transportation and transportation energy use, and economics. She is the Anderson Interface Professor of Natural Systems at Georgia Tech, appointed jointly to the schools of industrial and systems engineering and public policy.

Education and career
As a student, Thomas became interested in becoming a scientist through a fascination with quantum physics. She majored in physics at Swarthmore College, with a minor in mathematics, graduating in 1981. She earned her Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1986, working in theoretical high energy physics with Tung-Mow Yan as her doctoral advisor. Her dissertation was Aspects of two-dimensional quantum field theories.

After finishing her doctorate, she shifted her focus to environmental science, with a postdoctoral research visit to Carnegie Mellon University, where she worked with Granger Morgan in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy. She then worked as a research scientist and lecturer at Princeton University from 1988 to 2004, affiliated with the Princeton Environmental Institute and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. From 2004 to 2005 she worked as a Congressional Science Fellow for New Jersey congressman Rush Holt Jr., and in 2005 she took her present position at Georgia Tech.

Recognition
Thomas was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1998, after a nomination from the APS Forum on Physics and Society, "for her efforts to build an active interface between the science of materials and pollutants, and the avenues mechanisms necessary to build sound management strategies, and to build international networks of environmental science and policy researchers". She was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2000.

References

External links
Home page

1959 births
Living people
American physicists
American women physicists
American industrial engineers
American women engineers
Environmental engineers
Swarthmore College alumni
Cornell University alumni
Georgia Tech faculty
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Suhadi Reksowardojo. Suhadi Reksowardojo (29 July 1923 – 26 July 1990) was an Indonesian academic. He also briefly served as Minister for National Research between February and July 1966.

Biography
Suhadi was born in Salatiga on 29 July 1923, and he studied chemical engineering during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies at the Bandung Kogyo Daigaku. He completed his initial diploma in 1948, when the school had moved to Yogyakarta owing to the Indonesian National Revolution. During the revolution itself, Suhadi paused his studies, and took part in the nationalist cause, helping in the seizure of several production plants in West Java. After the war, he continued his studies at the University of Indonesia, obtaining his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 1957. He then began teaching chemical engineering there, before taking part in the founding of the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in 1958.

He formulated the Tri Soko Guru in 1962, a set of principles for education which later evolved into the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, still used by present-day universities in Indonesia. In the Revised Dwikora Cabinet, Suhadi was appointed as State Minister of National Research, and he maintained his position in the succeeding cabinet. He then headed the National Research Body (Lemrenas). He was also professor of chemical engineering at ITB.

He died on 26 July 1990 in Yogyakarta.

Notes

References 

1923 births
1990 deaths
Government ministers of Indonesia
Research ministers of Indonesia
University of Indonesia alumni
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Bandung Institute of Technology
Academic staff of the University of Indonesia
People from Salatiga
Chen Niannian. Chen Niannian (4 October 1941 – 21 December 2021) was a Chinese engineer specializing in nuclear material and fuel, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was a member of the China Nuclear Society.

Life and career 
Chen was born in Shanghai, on 4 October 1941, while his ancestral home in Wuxing County (now Huzhou), Zhejiang. In 1958, he was admitted to Tsinghua University, majoring in the Department of Physics. After graduating in 1964, he was despatched to the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry. In June 1984, he joined the Tianjin Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry, a research institution under the China National Nuclear Corporation. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in December 1985. In December 1994, he was promoted to president of the Tianjin Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry, and held that office until April 2002. He died in Tianjin on 21 December 2021, at the age of 80.

Honours and awards 
 1989 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for experimental study on large cascade centrifuge.
 2002 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for study on separation power of composite subcritical centrifuge (FL machine).
 2003 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the development of composite subcritical centrifuge (FL machine) single machine.
 2005 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References 

1941 births
2021 deaths
Engineers from Shanghai
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Tsinghua University alumni
Phenylsilver. Phenylsilver is an organosilver compound with the chemical formula C6H5Ag. It is a white solid. The structure is a one-dimensional coordination polymer of silver(I) tetrads.

Synthesis
It can be produced by treating silver nitrate with trialkylphenyltin (or trialkylphenyllead at −10 °C). In the presence of excess silver nitrate, the reaction produces the bright yellow complex C6H5Ag·2AgNO3. Phenylsilver can also be produced by treating silver nitrate with diphenylzinc in a 1:2 molar ratio and 0 °C. If the molar ratio is 1:1, it will produce orange C6H5Ag·2AgNO3. Earlier syntheses using phenyl magnesium bromide will produce phenylsilver that contains silver or magnesium salt impurities, which destabilize it.

When heating phenylsilver in a speed of 5 °C/min, it decomposes at 67 °C. If the heating speed is 10 °C/min, it will explode at 47 °C.
 2 C6H5Ag → C6H5-C6H5 + 2 Ag

References

Further reading

External links

Substances discovered in the 1970s
Phenyl compounds
Organosilver compounds
William M. Murray (engineer). William MacGregor Murray (April 24, 1910 — August 9, 1990) was an American engineer. He was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and held numerous service roles in the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now Society for Experimental Mechanics) including as the first President of the society from 1943 to 1944.  He went by Bill Murray and died on August 9, 1990.

Education 
Murray earned his Bachelor from McGill University in 1932 and a Masters and PHD Degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933 and 1936.

Research and career 
William Murray was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until his retirement in 1975. He studied the field of experimental mechanics making numerous advances to the techniques of Photoelasticity, strain gauges, and brittle coatings. He was the first President of the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (now Society for Experimental Mechanics) from 1943 to 1944, first and long-time secretary-treasurer from 1947 to 1960, and first treasurer from 1960 to 1961. He is considered one of the four founding members of the society along with Miklós Hetényi, Charles Lipson and Raymond D. Mindlin. SESA initiated the William M. Murray Lecture in his honor in 1952 as the Society's prestigious annual lecture, with Murray giving the inaugural lecture. He was named the fifth Honorary Member of the Society in 1968, a position held until his death in 1990.  When SESA introduced the rank of Fellow, Murray was among the first class of SESA Fellows in 1975 along with the seven other living Honorary Members of the society.

Awards and recognition 
SEM Murray Lecture and Award (1952)
SEM Frocht Award (1970)
 SEM/SESA Founder Award (1969)
SEM Honorary Member (1968 to 1990)
SEM Fellow (1975)

References 

1910 births
1990 deaths
American engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
20th-century American engineers
McGill University alumni