omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Liñán's equation. In the study of diffusion flame, Liñán's equation is a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation which describes the inner structure of the diffusion flame, first derived by Amable Liñán in 1974. The equation reads as

subjected to the boundary conditions

where  is the reduced or rescaled Damköhler number and  is the ratio of excess heat conducted to one side of the reaction sheet to the total heat generated in the reaction zone. If , more heat is transported to the oxidizer side, thereby reducing the reaction rate on the oxidizer side (since reaction rate depends on the temperature) and consequently greater amount of fuel will be leaked into the oxidizer side. Whereas, if , more heat is transported to the fuel side of the diffusion flame, thereby reducing the reaction rate on the fuel side of the flame and increasing the oxidizer leakage into the fuel side. When  , all the heat is transported to the oxidizer (fuel) side  and therefore the flame sustains extremely large amount of fuel (oxidizer) leakage.

The equation is, in some aspects, universal (also called as the canonical equation of the diffusion flame) since although Liñán derived the equation for stagnation point flow, assuming unity Lewis numbers for the reactants, the same equation is found to represent the inner structure for general laminar flamelets, having arbitrary Lewis numbers.

Existence of solutions

Near the extinction of the diffusion flame,  is order unity. The equation has no solution for , where  is the extinction Damköhler number. For  with , the equation possess two solutions, of which one is an unstable solution. Unique solution exist if  and . The solution is unique for , where  is the ignition Damköhler number.

Liñán also gave a correlation formula for the extinction Damköhler number, which is increasingly accurate for ,

Generalized Liñán's equation
The generalized Liñán's equation is given by

where  and  are constant reaction orders of fuel and oxidizer, respectively.

Large Damköhler number limit
In the Burke–Schumann limit, . Then the equation reduces to

An approximate solution to this equation was developed by Liñán himself using integral method in 1963 for his thesis,

where  is the error function and 

Here  is the location where  reaches its minimum value . When , ,  and .

See also
Liñán's diffusion flame theory

References

Fluid dynamics
Combustion
Ordinary differential equations
Narayanan Srinivasan. Narayanan Srinivasan (1930–2014) was an Indian nuclear scientist and the founder project director of Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). One of the pioneers of atomic energy program in India, he served as the design engineer for the plutonium plant at Trombay, as the project director of IGCAR (the then Reactor Research Centre) at Kalpakkam, as the chief executive of Heavy Water Board and later the Nuclear Fuel Complex, and sat in the Atomic Energy Commission of India from 1982 to 1987. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, in 2003. He was also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Department of Atomic Energy which he received in 2009. Srinivasan died on 18 May 2014 in Chennai, at the age of 84.

References

Further reading

External links
 
 

Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
Indian nuclear physicists
1930 births
2014 deaths
Scientists from Tamil Nadu
Atomic Energy Commission of India
S. S. Rathore. Satyanarayansinh Shivsinh Rathore (born 1956) is an Indian civil engineer. He belongs to the royal family of Valasna State. He is popularly known as the “highway and canal man of Gujarat”.

Career 
Rathore joined the Gujarat Service of Engineers.

He was appointed the CMD of the Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited (SSNNL).  As the CMD, S.S Rathore completed the Sardar Sarovar dam project which enabled the supply of irrigation and drinking water from the Narmada river, established various canal networks, and is leading the team for the Statue of Unity project. He is credited with developing Gujarat's major highways. He introduced the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) road development model, the first of its kind in India. Rathore is the former President of the Institute of Engineers, India, Indian Road Congress, and the Vice-President of the World Federation of Engineering Organization.

He retired in 2014 as its additional chief secretary (ACS). Before becoming ACS, he was the principal secretary.

In 2018, S.S Rathore was honored with the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honor, by Ram Nath Kovind, the President of India.

He is presently (July 2019) appointed as Managing Director (MD) of GMRC (Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.).

References 

Living people
1956 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Indian civil engineers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service
Engineers from Gujarat
MKR (missile). MKR (Межконтинентальная крылатая ракета Intercontinental Cruise Missile) was a Soviet study for an intercontinental cruise missile. A wide range of MKR (intercontinental winged missiles) were studied in 1957–1960 in accordance with a decree of the General Staff. The trade-off studies encompassed long-range air-breathing aircraft, winged rockets, and aircraft launchers for air-breathing missiles. Range was expected to be at least 8000 km.

References

 cruise missiles of the Soviet Union
OSBP (software factory). OSBP (Open Standard Business Platform) is a software factory provided as open-source by the Eclipse Foundation.

Description 
OSBP combines no-code/low-code elements with classic software development. Using this technology, coding is largely replaced by a descriptive modeling of the desired software, based on which the factory autonomously generates the necessary program code and all other artifacts. OSBP does not chain developers to no-code/low-code, but allows them to integrate their own source code. The applications thus created can be used independently of platforms and are intended for professional use in companies.

Objectives 
OSBP was developed with the aim of minimizing time-consuming or repetitive tasks (such as designing architectures or creating source code). This is not only intended to facilitate and speed up the development process, but also to eliminate notorious sources of error that occur in the "manual work" of coding. Developers report an effort reduction of up to 90 percent with OSBP compared to a conventional approach. In addition, OSBP realizes the benefits of model-driven software development: as the models are independent of the code, you can create modified versions of an application at any time - the software remains flexible and customizable.

Domain-specific languages 
OSBP decouples the technical knowledge of programming in its own abstraction layers, which are called domains. For each domain, an abstract model has been defined, the specificity of which is described by means of domain-specific languages (DSL). The individual models are related in a domain architecture, with higher-level models hiding the complexity of the underlying, simplifying the work for the developer. The frameworks used for the respective domains (against which OSBP generates the program code in the final step) can also be exchanged without losing the work previously invested in the description. Currently, OSBP comprises a total of 26 domains (including the developed DSL) and more than 30 integrated open-source frameworks. They contain all the structural elements and functionalities required for a typical application. The domain models as well as the functionality of the open-source factory are expandable for everyone.

Licences 
The source code is released as open source under the Eclipse Public License 2.0, so that the use of OSBP does not entail any dependencies - such as a vendor lock-in. In addition, the under professional developers dreaded copyleft effect is excluded.

References 

Open-source software hosting facilities
A. Thomas Look. A. Thomas Look is Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Vice-Chair for Research, Pediatric Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute. He is a pioneer in the use of zebrafish in cancer research and made major contributions to the understanding of leukemia and neuroblastoma biology and pathogenesis.

Education
Look received a BSE in Chemical Engineering from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1971, followed by a degree in medicine (MD) from the same university in 1975. He undertook most of his training in pediatric oncology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, before becoming Professor of Pediatrics at University of Tennessee, College of Medicine in 1987. In 1999 he moved to Dana–Farber Cancer Institute to become Vice Chair for Research in Pediatric Oncology and Professor of Pediatric Oncology at Harvard Medical School.

Honors
2004 ASCO Pediatric Oncology Lectureship Award, 40th Annual ASCO Mtg, New Orleans, LA. 
2005 ASPHO Frank A. Oski Memorial Lectureship Award, May 15, 2005 Annual Mtg., Washington, DC.

Research

Major discoveries
Discovery of highly recurrent activating Notch mutations in T-ALL (with Jon C. Aster)
Discovery of somatic enhancer mutations activating TAL1
The first zebrafish model of cancer - MYC-induced T-ALL in the zebrafish
Use of gene expression profiling to define distinct oncogenic subgroups in T-ALL
 Discovery of CHK1 suppressed caspase-2 apoptotic pathway in response to DNA damage
Discovery of activating ALK mutations in neuroblastoma
Development of FISH to detect MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma
Discovery of MET-HGF autocrine axis in AML
Core transcriptional circuitry of TAL1 complex
Phenothiazines induce PP2A-mediated apoptosis in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Cloning and functional characterization of E2A-HLF in B-ALL
Discovery of the Slug survival pathway in hematopoietic stem cells
Discovery of MYB duplications in T-ALL
Discovery of FBXW7 mutations in T-ALL
Discovery of MYBL2 as the crucial 20q tumor suppressor in MDS

References

External links

 A. Thomas Look Lab at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American oncologists
Harvard Medical School faculty
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
University of Tennessee faculty
Sandhayak-class survey vessel (2023). The Sandhayak-class survey vessels are a series of four survey vessels being built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata for the Indian Navy. The first vessel was commissioned in 2021. The primary role of the vessels would be to conduct coastal and deep-water hydrographic survey of ports, navigational channels, Exclusive Economic Zones and collection of oceanographic data for defence. Their secondary role would be to perform search & rescue, ocean research and function as hospital ships for casualties.

History 
In April 2016, the Indian Navy issued a request for proposal to six shipyards, four public and two private, for the construction of four large survey vessels. In September 2017, GRSE emerged as the lowest bidder with a bid of , beating L&T Shipbuilding by . The contract was awarded to GRSE by Ministry of Defence on 30 October 2018. The first ship is expected to be delivered within 36 months from the date of signing the contract.

Design 
The ships have a displacement of  and a length of . They have a cruising speed of  with a maximum speed of  and an operating range of  at a speed of . The ships have a complement of 231 and are equipped with hydrographic sensor equipment and a hangar which can accommodate one advanced light helicopter. In the secondary role, the ships can be fitted with a CRN 91 naval gun. In addition, the vessels will follow MARPOL (marine pollution) Standards of the International Maritime Organisation and will be built per Classification Society Rules and Naval Ship Regulations.

Development 
The keel of the first ship Sandhayak ,named after its predecessor , was laid down on 8 November 2019 and launched on 5 December 2021. It was expected to be commissioned by 2023, the boat was commissioned on 3 February 2024.

The second vessel of the class, Nirdeshak , was laid on 1 December 2020 and was subsequently launched on 26 May 2022. The ship was delivered to the Indian Navy on 8 October 2024. The ship was commissioned on 18 December 2024.

The third ship, Ikshak, was laid down on 6 August 2021 and launched on 26 November 2022.

The fourth and the last ship, Sanshodhak, was laid down on 17 June 2022, and launched on 13 June, 2023.

Ships of the class

Gallery

See also 

 Future of the Indian Navy

References 

Survey ships of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary research ship classes
Andrea C. Ferrari. Andrea Carlo Ferrari (born 1972) is a professor of nanotechnology at the University of Cambridge. Ferrari is a researcher in graphene and related materials

Academic career
Ferrari earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Cambridge after obtaining a Laurea in nuclear engineering at Polytechnic University of Milan, in Italy. He is the Founder and Director of the Cambridge Graphene Centre at the University of Cambridge, and the EPSRC Doctoral Training Centre in Graphene Technology. Prof. Ferrari is the Science and Technology Officer and the Chair of the Management Panel of the Graphene Flagship, one of the biggest research initiatives ever funded by the European Commission.

Awards
Ferrari is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Institute of Physics, the Materials Research Society, the Optical Society, the European Academy of Sciences, the Royal Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He is also a Member of Academia Europaea.

Ferrari has also received 4 European Research Council grants.

Ferrari's papers have been cited over 140,000 times, yielding a h-index of 126. He has been included on a number of highly cited researchers lists including the list of scientists with h-index beyond 100.

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Polytechnic University of Milan alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Place of birth missing (living people)
Engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
Hunter 33.5. The Hunter 33.5 is an American sailboat that was designed for cruising and first built in 1987.

The Hunter 33.5 design was developed into the Moorings 335 in 1988, as a charter version for Moorings Yacht Charter.

Production
The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hunter 33.5 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop B&R rig, a raked stem, a walk-through reverse transom, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted. It was also available with a bulb wing keel, an elliptical wing keel or a Collins tandem keel.

The boat is fitted with a diesel engine. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 147 with a high of 156 and low of 141. It has a hull speed of .

Operational history
Yacht designer Robert Perry wrote a review of the design in 2000 for Sailing magazine. He described the boat as, "The sailplan shows this to be a handsome design with, by today's standards, moderate freeboard, short ends and a clean wedge-shaped house. Initially, I was struck by the tall fractional rig." He concluded, "The basic hull shape is pretty conservative. The stern is broad to help with sailing length, cockpit size and accommodations aft, although not necessarily in that order. I like the short bow overhang."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Hunter 333
Moorings 335

Similar sailboats
Abbott 33
Arco 33
C&C 3/4 Ton
C&C 33
C&C 101
C&C SR 33
Cape Dory 33
Cape Dory 330
CS 33
Endeavour 33
Hans Christian 33
Hunter 33
Hunter 33-2004
Hunter 336
Hunter 340
Marlow-Hunter 33
Mirage 33
Nonsuch 33
Tanzer 10
Viking 33
Watkins 33

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat types built by Hunter Marine
Wendy Flavell. Wendy Ruth Flavell  (born 1 September 1961) is Vice Dean for Research and a Professor of Surface Physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester. Her research investigates the electronic structure of complex metal oxides, chalcogenides, photoemission and photovoltaics.

Education and early life 
Flavell was born in Bilston to Maurice and June Flavell. She was educated at Wolverhampton Girls' High School and studied physics (Bachelor of Arts) at the University of Oxford followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1986. Her doctoral research investigated electron spectroscopy of metal oxides and supervised by P.A. Cox.

Career and research
Flavell joined Imperial College London as a Royal Society University Research Fellow. In 1990 Flavell joined the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in the Department of Chemistry. In 1998 Flavell became the sixth woman in the United Kingdom to be appointed Professor of Physics. She launched a scheme to promote women in science. She was part of the strategy group that designed the 4GLS at Daresbury Laboratory in 2004. She is a member of the University of Manchester Living Lab. 

Flavell is interested in using nanoparticles and Quantum dots for efficient fuel cells and new materials for photovoltaics. She works on scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray absorption near edge structure (NEXAFS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. She has studied titanium dioxide and Tin(IV) Oxide. She is interested in the surface reactivity of nanocrystals and dynamics of charge carriers in solar cells. She attempts to understand how solar cells age at the surface, in efforts to design passivation strategies. Flavell demonstrated that cadmium telluride quantum dots can have near unity quantum yields. In 2014 she served as deputy chair of the physics panel of the Research Excellence Framework (REF). She served on the Council of the Institute of Physics in 2017 and on the Newton International Fellowship committee for the Royal Society. Her research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).

Public engagement 
In 2011 Flavell's research group demonstrated their work on quantum dots at the Royal Society Summer Exhibition. She has delivered a Pint of Science talk and discussed the photon on In Our Time in 2015.

References 

1961 births
Living people
Women materials scientists and engineers
People educated at Wolverhampton Girls' High School
British materials scientists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Academics of Imperial College London
Rio de la Plata (ship). Rio de la Plata is a container ship owned by A.P. Moller Singapore Pte. Ltd. and operated by Maersk Line AS.  The  long ship was built at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in Okpo, South Korea in 2008.  Originally owned by Rio de Janeiro GmbH & Co KG, a subsidiary of Hamburg Süd, she has had two owners and been registered under two flags.

The vessel is one of three ships of the Rio class built for Hamburg Süd by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in 2008.

Construction
Rio de la Plata had its keel laid down on 12 November 2007 at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in Okpo, South Korea.  Its hull has an overall length of .  In terms of width, the ship has a beam of .  The height from the top of the keel to the main deck, called the moulded depth, is .

The ship's container-carrying capacity of  (5,905 20-foot shipping containers) places it in the range of a Post-Panamax container ship.  The ship's gross tonnage, a measure of the volume of all its enclosed spaces, is 73,899.  Its net tonnage, which measures the volume of the cargo spaces, is 39,673.  Its total carrying capacity in terms of weight, is .

The vessel was built with a Hyundai Heavy Industries Engine and Machinery Division 8RTA96C main engine, which drives a controllable-pitch propeller. The 8-cylinder engine has a Maximum Continuous Rating of 45,760 kW with 102 revolutions per minute at MCR. The cylinder bore is 960mm.  The ship also features 4 main power distribution system auxiliary generators at  each. The vessel's steam piping system features an Aalborg CH 8-500 auxiliary boiler, as well as an Aalborg AQ-2 exhaust gas boiler.

Construction of the ship was completed on 2 April 2008.

Notes

References

 
 
 

Merchant ships
2008 ships
Black Sky Aerospace. Black Sky Aerospace (BSA) is an Australian private aerospace company, headquartered in Logan, Queensland. Black Sky Aerospace specialises in payload delivery systems using in-house developed propulsion technologies, rocket componentry and suborbital vehicles. Black Sky also provides access to calibration and simulation systems.

History 
In 2021, Black Sky Aerospace welcomed the federal government's allocation of  for the company to manufacture Responsive Common Use Booster (RCUB) propellant for commercial use. Black Sky CEO Blake Nikolic said the project received grant funding from the Australian Space Agency's Moon to Mars Supply Chain Capability Improvement grant opportunity. In June 2023, Goondiwindi Regional Council issued planning approval for Black Sky to develop its rocket launch site northwest of the town.

Description
Black Sky Aerospace is an Australian private aerospace company, headquartered in Logan, Queensland. It was formerly located in Jimboomba.

Milestones

Australia's first commercial rocket launch 
On 21 November 2018, Black Sky Aerospace successfully conducted Australia's first commercial payload rocket launch from the nation's only sub-orbital launch facility west of Goondiwindi in Queensland. This sub-orbital mission utilised a Sighter190 research rocket to carry experimental payloads and instruments to an altitude of approximately .

The then-Minister for State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning, Cameron Dick, was present to press the launch button.

Rocket motor manufacture 
In September 2019, Black Sky Aerospace was granted approval by regulators to begin manufacturing solid rocket motors. Solid rocket motors (SRM's) are the fuel (propellant) that boosts rockets in to space, such as the boosters on the space shuttle and is the preferred fuel to use by many space launch companies due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The company will be the first manufacturer of its kind in Australia and will be able to provide access to solid fuels for orbital and sub-orbital launch vehicles.

Priority access to Arnhem Space Centre 
In October 2019, Black Sky Aerospace gained priority access to the new Equatorial Launch Australia (ELA) Arnhem Space Centre near Nhulunbuy in the Northern Territory. BSA director Blake Nikolic said priority access to the Arnhem Space Centre would provide his customers with the benefits of launching close to the equator.

Equatorial Launch Australia operates the Arnhem Space Centre and as of 2019, planned to host NASA's first launch from a foreign non-government-owned site. The launch, of an astrophysics-oriented sounding rocket, successfully occurred on the morning of 27 June 2022, with a second scheduled for 4 July, and a third later in the month.

Ute-launched artillery rocket 
In 2022, Black Sky successfully launched an artillery rocket from a module mounted on the tray of a commercially-available Holden Colorado.

Products 
 Sighter190 research rocket 
 Holden Colorado-launched artillery rocket

References

External links 
 

Private spaceflight companies
Aerospace companies of Australia
Companies based in Queensland