omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mercedes-Benz M23 engine. The Mercedes-Benz M23 engine is a naturally-aspirated, 1.3-liter, inline-4 gasoline engine, designed, developed and produced by Mercedes-Benz; between 1933 and 1936.

Development and prototype engines (W17/W25D)
At the beginning of the 1930s, there were attempts to move car engines from the forward compartment to the rear of the car. Such a move allows a reduction in the volume of the front compartment. At the same time, the voluminous rear provides a lot of space above and behind the rear axle. Moreover, when engines are rear-mounted, the drive shaft is eliminated.

In 1930, Daimler-Benz entrusted Hans Nibel with the development of a small rear-engined car, starting from the same principles. In 1931, working with Max Wagner, the type W17 or 120(H) was created, a two-door, equipped with a four-cylinder boxer engine in the rear with a displacement of 1200 cc and a power of 25 hp (18.4 kW). There were also attempts with transverse four-cylinder inline engines. In 1932/1933 Mercedes built a prototype with a front similar to the later VW Beetle, and a longer tail.

Mercedes-Benz 130 (W23) engine
Created in 1931 by Nibel, it had the 1.3 liter sidevalve four-cylinder engine mounted at the back, hence the "H", from German heck (rear), With the fan between the rear coil springs, it drove a transmission with three forward speeds, plus a semi-automatic overdrive which did not require the use of a clutch.

Mercedes-Benz 150 (W30) engine
It was derived in 1935 from the 130, and a more powerful engine. Displacing 1498 cc and a power of 55 PS (40 kW). The engine powered the car to a top speed of 125 km/h.

Created in 1934 by Nibel and chassis engineer Max Wagner. the 150H was a two-seat sports roadster. It featured transverse leaf spring front and coil-sprung swing axle rear suspension. A water-cooled  OHC four-cylinder engine, producing , was mounted in back, hence the "H", from German heck (rear). The radiator was behind that, above the transaxle, with a squirrel-cage  blower (reminiscent of the VW Type 1) feeding both radiator and carburetor. 

The gas tank, which in the case of the Mercedes-Benz 130 was installed over the engine, was transferred to the front compartment.

Mercedes-Benz 170 H (W28) engine
In 1936, in parallel to the classical front-engine Mercedes-Benz 170 V, Daimler-Benz AG introduced the Mercedes-Benz 170 H which had the same engine as the 170 V, with an architecture derived from the one of the 130, its predecessor. The 170 H was powered by a four-cylinder 1697 cc engine with a power of 38 PS (28 kW).  The "H" stood for "Heckmotor", or rear engine.

Applications
Mercedes-Benz 130
Mercedes-Benz 150
Mercedes-Benz 170 H

References

Mercedes-Benz engines
Straight-four engines
Engines by model
Gasoline engines by model
Emil Heyn. Friedrich Emil Heyn (5 July 1867 – 1 March 1922) was a German metallurgist who introduced the quantitative metallurgy and is considered a pioneer of metallography techniques including the intercept method where the number of grains cutting a known length of random line segment is used to characterize the fine grain structure of metal alloys.

Heyn was born in Annaberg the son of tailor Wilhelm and his wife Johanna Hoyer. The family later moved to Freiberg where Heyn was educated at the Freiberg Mining School, training under Adolf Ledebur, and went to work at Krupp, Essen followed by Hoerder Ironworks before becoming a lecturer at the School of Engineering at Gleiwitz. He visited Sweden in 1890 to study gold mining and he also learned typing and stenography, achieving a speed of 80 to 100 words per minute of dictation.  In 1898 he joined the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin). Here his main work was on examining metal surfaces under a microscope along with Henry Clifton Sorby and Adolf Martens. In 1904, a Material Testing Office was begun with Heyn as the head of the department of metallography. In 1912 he contributed to the second volume of Martens' Handbook of Metallography. In 1922, inspired by the X-ray diffraction work of Max von Laue, he set up radiographic studies of metals.  Heyn knew several European languages.

Heyn married Elfriede Papenheim in 1895.

References 

Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
1867 births
1922 deaths
German metallurgists
Jim Papadopoulos. Jim Papadopoulos is an English born American engineer, specializing in bicycle science. He has contributed work in the field of bicycle stability to bicycle producers and research foundations alike.

He's first opportunity to exclusively study bicycles came after 1975, he was hired by friend and professional  acquaintance Andy Ruina as a post-doc at Cornell University. There he was able to study bicycle stability primarily from funding from Dahon and Moulton.

Papadopoulos formerly held a teaching position at Northeastern University Boston.

References

1954 births
Living people
American engineers
Alvear (airplane). The Alvear was a Brazilian single-engine, single-seat aircraft.

Design and development
Her structure was made of wood paraná pine wing ribs and beech stringers, and externally covered with varnished linho. The engine was a 7-cylinder 60HP Gnome rotary type, with wooden Chauvier propellers. The landing gear was fixed, with front wheels and rear fixed metal skid.

It was built by J. d'Alvear with his own resources and completed in October 1914. The aircraft was registered by letter patent 8563. The first flight occurred in November 1914 piloted by Ambrósio Caragiolla, who fatally crashed in February 1915 with this same aircraft.

It was the second aircraft built in Brazil and, with the exception of the French engine and propellers, employed domestic materials and components in its manufacture.

Specifications

References

External links
 A photo of the Alvear

1910s Brazilian experimental aircraft
1910s Brazilian civil aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Monoplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1914
High-wing aircraft
Precision 21. The Precision 21 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Jim Taylor as a cruiser and first built in 1986.

Production
The design was built by Precision Boat Works in Palmetto, Florida, United States from 1986 until 2018, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Precision 21 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed stub keel with a retractable centerboard that has a NACA airfoil profile. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the centerboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water, or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is normally fitted with a small  outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin. The galley is located on the port side just aft of the bow cabin. The galley is equipped with a stove and a sink. The head is located in the bow cabin under the "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is .

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 270 and a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a 1987 review in Cruising World by Dan Spurr and Herb McCormick named the design the winner in the "tidy little trailerable category" and noted that the boat is "simple and straightforward, the boat should be a blast to sail and a comfortable place to enjoy the surroundings when the
day's trip is through."

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "designer Jim Taylor ... draws a nice boat, and the Precision 21 is no exception. Furthermore, Precision Boatworks ... does a good job of molding and finishing these boats. Best features: With her big beam, 4' 4" headroom, and well-designed layout, she seems to have plenty of space below ... We think this makes her, more than her comp[etitor]s, what used to be called a 'wholesome' weekend boat for a family of two adults and one or two children. Her draft ... beats most of her comp[etitor]s by a wide margin when it comes to easy ramp launching. Workmanship on her hull, on the boats we've seen, is well above average. Worst features: At one time owners had trouble with the centerboard and leaking windows, but these problems were eventually recognized at the factory and as we understand it, the board and leak problems were corrected in succeeding production."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Photo of a Precision 21

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Jim Taylor Yacht Designs
Sailboat types built by Precision Boat Works
Kanishka Biswas. Kanishka Biswas is an Associate Professor in the New Chemistry Unit at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore with research interests focused on renewable energy and clean environment. The areas in which he has worked include solid state inorganic chemistry of metal chalcogenides, thermoelectric materials, 2D layered materials,  topological insulators.

Early life and education
Kanishk Biswas was born on 25 October 1982. Biswas obtained his MS degree in chemical science from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in 2006 and PhD degree from the same institute in 2009 both under the supervision of C. N. R. Rao. He  had spent three years (June 2006 - May 2009) as Postdoctoral Fellow under the supervision of Mercouri Kanatzidis at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Honours and awards
The honours and awards conferred on Kanishka Biswas include:

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology for Chemical Sciences, 2021
National Prize for Research in Inorganic and Physical Chemistry – CNR Rao Education Foundation, (2021)
ICSC Materials Science Annual Prize, Materials Research Society, India (MRSI) (2020)
Swarnajayanti Fellowship, Department of Science & Technology (DST) (2019)
Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI) Bronze Medal (2019).
Young Scientists Medal, Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi (2016).
Associate of Indian Academy of Sciences (IASc), Bangalore (2014-2017).
Ramanujan Fellowship, Department of Science & Technology (DST) (2012-2017).

References

External links

ORCID

Living people
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science
Year of birth missing (living people)
Solid state chemists
Indian Institute of Science alumni
Northwestern University fellows
Agustín Pascual González. Agustín Pascual González  (20 March 1818 – 23 October 1884) was a Spanish politician and forest engineer.

Career 
He was trained as a forest engineer in Saxony (at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry), where he learned from Heinrich Cotta. In 1848 he was the founder, and professor, of the Escuela de Montes de Villaviciosa de Odón. Here he was a colleague of the professor and forestry engineer Miguel Bosch. Among his students were figures like Máximo Laguna.

From 1845 to 1868, he was responsible for the management of forests of the Royal House of Spain, among which were forested areas such as Monte de El Pardo and Casa de Campo. In 1854, he was appointed member of the royal council of agriculture, industry and commerce. He was director of the Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País and member of the Senate.

Honors
He was an academic at the Royal Spanish Academy between 1871 and 1884.

Major works
 El bosque de Tharand, 1863.

References

1818 births
1884 deaths
People from Madrid
Forestry academics
Indian Space Association. Indian Space Association (ISpA) is an industry association for Indian space and satellite manufacturing companies. ISpA is a voluntary association of leading space industries in India. It was established with the objective of providing advisory and advocacy support to the space industry in India. The primary function of ISpA is to articulate the views of the industry on space sector reforms and provide guidance for a space industry in India.

History 
On October 11, 2021, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi launched the Indian Space Association as a “single-window” agency for facilitating space sector business opportunities for Indian start-ups and the private sector.

See also 
 
 Indian Space Research Organisation
 IN–SPACe
 Space industry of India

References 

2021 establishments in India
Trade associations based in India
Scientific organizations established in 2021
Chambers of commerce in India
Illuminarium Experiences. Illuminarium Experiences is an American company that creates large-scale experiential entertainment in reprogrammable immersive theaters, called "Illuminariums", in cities around the world. The theaters host for-profit shows consisting of filmed, live, or streaming video—or computer-generated content—that is projected onto the theater walls and floors through various technologies, including 4K laser projection, Lidar-based movement sensors, beamforming sounds and sensory effects like digital scent technology.

History 
The company was founded in 2019 by Alan Greenberg who serves as CEO, with partners media production company RadicalMedia and architecture and design firm Rockwell Group, alongside operational partner Legends Hospitality.

The first Illuminarium venue opened in Atlanta, Georgia (where the company is based) in 2021, along the city's BeltLine, with a safari show entitled "WILD: A Safari Experience.” The 45-minute-long show features video content of African wildlife, including cheetahs, elephants, hippopotamuses, lions and zebras, all captured on film by RadicalMedia in the animals’ natural habitats across South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania.

The Atlanta theater features a nightlife experience, called The Bar at Illuminarium. The bar is designed by the LAB at Rockwell Group and uses 16K laser projection and audio systems to virtually "surround" guests in different digital settings, including a night market in Tokyo and a Mediterranean garden.

Future installations 
A Las Vegas, Nevada venue, at Area15, opened in January 2022 and a Miami, Florida location for spring 2022. A theater in planned to open at Navy Pier in Chicago, Illinois in 2023.

Following Wild, Illuminarium theaters will show an experience titled Spacewalk, featuring filmed content of the Solar System, comets of the Kuiper belt, the stellar Nebula and the surface of Mars.

References

External links 
 Official website

Companies based in Atlanta
American companies established in 2019
Olivetti M28. The Olivetti M28 personal computer, introduced in 1986, was the successor to the Olivetti M24.
It had an Intel 80286 CPU running at 8 MHz and 512 KB (expandable to 1024 KB on the motherboard) of RAM, featuring a 5.25" floppy drive and a 20 MB hard drive. The operating systems were MS-DOS 3.2 and XENIX. 

The computer had room to install three disk units, as opposed to only two on the M24. It was possible to install a 70 MB hard drive, a 80287 math coprocessor and an enhanced CGA compatible graphic card capable of displaying  pixels with 16 colors.

The Olivetti M28 was rebranded as the AT&T PC 6310 by AT&T in 1987 and sold on the US market.

It was available in France as the Persona 1800, sold by LogAbax.

See also 
 Olivetti M24

External links
  Brochure (in Italian)

References

Olivetti personal computers
Computer-related introductions in 1986
Lafay Indepedência. The Lafay Independência was a Brazilian twin-engine, biplane aircraft, the first of its kind built in Latin America.

Background
After unsuccessfully trying to build a multipurpose aircraft in partnership with Blackburn Aircraft. Henrique Lage, with the help of the French military attaché Louis Lafay, the Rio de Janeiro airplane was designed, of which there are no technical records about the aircraft, but it served as the basis for Indepêndencia.

Design and development
With the help of an engineer named Braconnot, he built a twin-engine biplane with the capacity to carry five people on board.  Built with Brazilian wood and canvas, it resembled the Caudron G.3, even though it was bigger and heavier.  It used a Clerget engine push-pull type, each with two fixed pitch propellers.

Operational history
The aircraft participated in the welcome flock to Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral, upon their arrival in Rio de Janeiro during first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic. Her fate after June 1922 is unknown.

References

External links
 Henrique Lage and Cpt Lafay in the Independência airplane

1920s Brazilian experimental aircraft
1920s Brazilian civil aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Hydronium perchlorate. Hydronium perchlorate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is an unusual salt due to it being a solid and stable hydronium salt. It consists of hydronium cations  and perchlorate anions .

Production
Hydronium perchlorate is produced by the reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid and water in a 1:1 molar ratio:

A more analytically reliable method was reported using the macrocyclic Schiff base of sodium 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenolate and 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol as a chelating agent to sequester Cu(II): transmetallation of the macrocycle with copper(II) perchlorate yielded colorless crystals of hydronium perchlorate.

It can also be produced by the reaction of anhydrous nitric acid and perchloric acid.

References

Oxonium compounds
Perchlorates
IPT-0 Bichinho. The IPT-0 Bichinho was a Brazilian single-seat, single engined experimental sports aircraft.

Design and development
When Frederico Brotero took over the Seção de Aeronáutica(in English: Aeronautics Section) of IPT(Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas), encouraged the creation of several aeronautics projects, and gave continuity to others that were stopped, one of them was the IPT-0 Bichino that was redrawn. The name Bichinho(in English: Little Warm) came from the idea of making the smallest plane possible.

Brotero employed various construction techniques on this aircraft, it was built using freijó and pinho, with pointed wings, with hypersupportive aerodynamic edges on the leading edge. This type of wing eventually became a signature feature in all subsequent IPT aircraft. It was a monoplace, wooden airplane, externally covered with plywood and canvas, conventional fixed landing gear.

Tests with the first prototype showed structural flaws, which had been solved in the other variants, a transparent canopy was also added.

Variants
IPT-0A BichinhoIt was similar to its predecessor, but with an open cockpit and a modified nose to receive the Continental 4-cylinder 65 HP engine, and a fixed-pitch, domestically-manufactured two-bladed propeller. The landing gear was not fairing. It flew for two years until disassembled for structural tests. A prototype built.
IPT-0B BichinhoIt began construction in 1943, had a Continental 4-cylinder 75 HP engine. It was heavier than its predecessors, however it had superior performance. To improve cooling the fairing left the cylinders exposed. It was used for three years by IPT, until it was donated to an airclub in the region of Rio Claro, where it remained in use until 1988, when it was given to the Museu Aeroespacial. Only one built.
IPT-0C BichinhoThe fourth and last prototype built, clustered similarly to the others. It started to be built in 1943 and was completed in 1944. It had a Continental 4-cylinder 85 HP engine. It had a transparent canopy which slid backwards. After testing it was disassembled.

Specifications (IPT-0 Bichinho)

References

External links
Photo of the IPT-0B Bichinho

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
1940s Brazilian civil aircraft
1940s Brazilian sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Tapas Kumar Maji. Tapas Kumar Maji is a professor in the Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru with research interests in topics related to porous materials, nanoscale metal-organic frameworks and composites and functional gel materials. Maji obtained his MSc degree in inorganic chemistry from Burdwan University in 1997 and PhD degree from Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in 2002. He did a post-doctoral fellowship at Kyoto University, Japan (2003–05).

Honours and awards
The honours and awards conferred on Maji include

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for chemical sciences in 2019
Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (2019)
Fellow of Indian Academy of Sciences (2018)
Alexander von Humboldt Fellow for senior researcher by AVH Foundation, Bonn, Germany (2015).
Materials Research Society of India Medal for contributions in Materials Science (2014)
National Academy of Sciences, India-Scopus young scientist award in Chemistry (2012)
Young Associate of Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) (2012–2017)
Young Investigators in Chemical Sciences by journal of Chemical Communications (2011)

References

External links

ORCID
Chemistry Tree
publons

Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Chemical Science
Living people
Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scientists from West Bengal
Smart beach. A smart beach is a beach that incorporates technologies such as AI (Artificial Intelligence), automatic drowning detection, riptide detection, wireless communications, sensing, and metasensing (the sensing of sensing) often combining aspects of these three purposes: (1) water safety, e.g. accident reduction, (2) public safety, e.g. crime reduction, and (3) operational efficiency, e.g. allocation of lifeguard resources, promotion of tourism (providing remote views of the beach, etc.), research (e.g. collection of research data).

Some systems and technologies touch on all three aspects, e.g. systems that automatically sense beach crowding and simultaneously display the results on a traffic-light-like system to indicate to beachgoers how crowded a beach is.

Many of these systems use smart city technology applied to beach life, combined with smartphone apps.

Water safety:
Water safety is often provided through automated drowning detection technologies such as automatic riptide detection, automatic drowning detection, or other related systems.

Public safety: is achieved through enhanced radio communications, wireless communications, warning lights, live video surveillance, and other sensors.

Operational efficiency: 
Allocation of lifeguard resources is improved which makes the beach management run more efficiently.

See also 

 Smart city
 Intelligent environment

References

External links 

 An example of a smart beach: a pilot project conducted in New South Wales, Australia

Beaches
Smart cities