omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Diemech TP 100. The Diemech TP 100 is an American turboprop and turboshaft aircraft engine that was under development by Diemech Turbine Solutions of DeLand, Florida in 2012.

By June 2017 the company website had been taken down and it is likely that the company is out of business and engine development ended.

Design and development
The TP 100 was developed from an engine developed by PBS Velká Bíteš of the Czech Republic for use in UAVs. The design goal was to provide an engine that could run on globally available fuels, such as Jet-A or ultra-low-sulfur diesel, given the disappearance of avgas in most parts of the world.

The TP 100 develops  and weighs  plus accessories. The engine was expected to produce a specific fuel consumption of 0.82 lb/hph (0.5 kg/kWh), yielding a cruise fuel flow of  per hour which would have been 52% more than the equivalent piston engine, the Lycoming IO-540, which produces the same power at a SFC of 0.45, burning  per hour. In examining these numbers AVweb editor Paul Bertorelli stated that this "illuminates the harsh fact that turbine engines just aren't as efficient as piston engines and the smaller the turbines are, the less efficient they are".

The company had planned to work with PBS to obtain Federal Aviation Administration certification in the US. The engine was expected to fly first in mid-2013 on a Van's Aircraft RV-10 testbed, but development ended before the engine was flown.

By 2022 PBS Velká Bíteš was offering the TP 100 for sale as the non-certified PBS TP100 Turboprop Engine "for small aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles".

Specifications (TP 100)

References

External links
Official website archive on Archive.org

2010s turboprop engines
Froth pump. Mineral processing often relies on the formation of froth to separate rich minerals from gangue. In the process, chemicals and air are added. The rich minerals entrap the air and move as bubbles to the top of a flotation cell while the sand and clays of no commercial values sink to the bottom to form tailings. The whole process may be done in tanks in series called roughers, scavengers and cleaners. 

In oilsand extraction plants, the froth is formed to remove the bitumen and it is called oilsand froth. Oilsand froth is difficult to pump at very low speeds and at low temperatures. However above a certain speed in a steel pipe, water may separate and form a lubrication layer. The process is called self-lubrication and depending on the temperature (25 C - 45 C), the friction losses are between 10 and 20 times the equivalent friction losses of water. When entering a centrifugal pump, a low pressure forms at the eye of the impeller. Pre-rotation creates centrifugal forces that push the dense slurry towards the wall of the pipe while leaving a core of air at the center. According to Abulnaga (2004), the froth pump may use
-( a)  a very large eye diameter 
- (b)  an inducer or having the impeller vanes extend into the suction pipe
- (c) a recirculating pipe from the discharge side of the pump with pressurized froth to break up the bubbles at the eye
- (d) tandem vanes at the impeller shroud
- (e) split or secondary vanes at the shroud
- (f) vertical arrangement, thus:
The split vanes in a slurry pump must be thick enough to resist continuous wear.thus:

References

Pumps
Angela Byron. 
Angela Byron (born 1977) is a software developer best known for her work with Drupal, a free and open source content management system and content management framework. She has been named one of the most highly regarded contributors to the open source movement, and has worked to encourage people to become involved with open source, particularly women. She was the first woman to be featured on the cover of Linux Journal, in April 2011.

Personal life
Byron is mostly self-taught. She holds a two-year degree from the Nova Scotia Community College in information technology, concentrating on programming. She lives in British Columbia, Canada with her daughter.

Career
At the advice of a professor, Byron applied to the Google Summer of Code in 2005. She was accepted, and participated by writing a quiz module for Drupal. This sparked her involvement with Drupal, as well as the open source movement as a whole.

In October 2006, Byron began working for Lullabot, a Drupal consulting company. In 2008, Byron was awarded the Google–O'Reilly Open Source Award for Best Contributor for her work on Drupal. She worked full-time for Lullabot until 2011, doing software training and working with system architecture. Part of her work for Lullabot also allowed her to work on Drupal developments and initiatives.

In 2008, she became the co-maintainer of the Drupal core, and she also worked on documentation and outreach. She led the project to create Using Drupal: Choosing and Configuring Modules to Build Dynamic Websites, a how-to book for Drupal users. She is also in charge of Drupal's involvement with the Google Summer of Code, as well as Google Highly Open Participation Contest. In 2011, she left Lullabot to work for Acquia, a software company that also provides products, services, and support for Drupal. She is the Director of Community Development.

Works

References

External links
Personal website

1970s births
Living people
Canadian computer programmers
Free software programmers
Canadian women non-fiction writers
21st-century Canadian non-fiction writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Drupal
Mumford–Shah functional. The Mumford–Shah functional is a functional that is used to establish an optimality criterion for segmenting an image into sub-regions. An image is modeled as a piecewise-smooth function. The functional penalizes the distance between the model and the input image, the lack of smoothness of the model within the sub-regions, and the length of the boundaries of the sub-regions. By minimizing the functional one may compute the best image segmentation. The functional was proposed by mathematicians David Mumford and Jayant Shah in 1989.

Definition of the Mumford–Shah functional 
Consider an image I with a domain of definition D, call J the image's model, and call B the boundaries that are associated with the model: the Mumford–Shah functional E[ J,B ] is defined as

Optimization of the functional may be achieved by approximating it with another functional, as proposed by Ambrosio and Tortorelli.

Minimization of the functional

Ambrosio–Tortorelli limit 
Ambrosio and Tortorelli showed that Mumford–Shah functional E[ J,B ] can be obtained as the limit of a family of energy functionals E[ J,z,ε ] where the boundary B is replaced by continuous function z whose magnitude indicates the presence of a boundary. Their analysis show that the Mumford–Shah functional has a well-defined minimum. It also yields an algorithm for estimating the minimum.

The functionals they define have the following form:

where ε > 0 is a (small) parameter and ϕ(z) is a potential function. Two typical choices for ϕ(z) are

 This choice associates the edge set B with the set of points z such that ϕ1(z) ≈ 0
 This choice associates the edge set B with the set of points z such that ϕ2(z) ≈ 1/4

The non-trivial step in their deduction is the proof that, as  , the last two terms of the energy function (i.e. the last integral term of the energy functional) converge to the edge set integral ∫Bds.

The energy functional E[ J,z,ε ] can be minimized by gradient descent methods, assuring the convergence to a local minimum.

Ambrosio, Fusco, and Hutchinson, established a result to give an optimal estimate of the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set of minimizers of the Mumford-Shah energy.

Minimization by splitting into one-dimensional problems 

The Mumford-Shah functional can be split into coupled one-dimensional subproblems.
The subproblems are solved exactly by dynamic programming.

See also
Bounded variation
Caccioppoli set
Digital image processing
Luigi Ambrosio

Notes

References

Image segmentation
Applied Films Corporation. Applied Films Corporation manufactured electrodes on glass for flat panel displays. These electrodes are used in liquid crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays, and auto-dimming car mirrors utilizing electrochromism.  Major early customers were Burroughs (now Unisys) in New Jersey, IBM in East Fishkill and Kingston, New York, numerous Asian producers of LCDs, Gentex in Holland, Michigan, Plasmaco (now Panasonic Plasma Display Lab) in Highland, New York, and Samsung in Gumi, South Korea.  The main method of coating these electrodes on glass was magnetron sputter deposition, specifically the planar magnetron .  The main materials were indium tin oxide transparent electrical conductor, silicon dioxide diffusion barrier, and chromium and copper conductors.

AFC progressed from supplying coated glass to supplying the thin film coating equipment to produce these electrodes.   AFC merged with the large area display coating divisions of Donnelly Mirrors of Holland, Michigan (now Magna International of Ontario, Canada) in 1992, and with Balzers and Leybold (Unaxis Corporation) of Alzenau, Germany in 2000.  In 2004 AFC acquired the equipment division of Helix Corporation in Tainan, Taiwan, and it 2005 acquired VACT, Inc. of Fairfield, CA.  AFC also owned a 50% interest in STEC Ltd. from 1998 to 2005., STEC was a joint venture with Nippon Sheet Glass of Japan, which used AFC equipment for electrodes for LCDs. AFC sold its interest in this venture to Nippon Sheet Glass in 2005 as AFC focused exclusively on manufacturing thin film coating equipment.

AFC was acquired by Applied Materials in 2006. At the time of acquisition, AFC operated three product divisions, Display, Web (roll to roll products) and coated glass (low-e coatings for architectural glass applications). Approximate AFC revenues at the time of acquisition were $220M with approximately 750 people.

References

Defunct companies based in Colorado
Glenn Lipscomb. Dr. G. Glenn Lipscomb is an American chemical engineer, and Distinguished University Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Toledo.

Education and career
Lipscomb received his BS in chemical engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1981. After working for Dow Chemical, he continued his education with a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1989.

He was an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati from 1989 to 1994, when he moved to the University of Toledo. He was promoted to associate professor in 1995 and to full professor in 1999. He served as department chair from 2004 to 2019.

Recognition
In 2007, the Missouri University of Science and Technology inducted Lipscomb into its Academy of Chemical and Biochemical Engineers.

Lipscomb is a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and a 2023 Fellow of the North American Membrane Society.

References

External links 
 AIChe, Glenn Lipscomb 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American chemical engineers
University of Toledo faculty
Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
Fellows of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
CHTC Fong's Industries. CHTC Fong's Industries Co., Ltd. is a company founded by Fong Sou Lam in 1963. Fong's Industries has principally focused on the business of designing, developing, manufacturing and selling of textile dyeing and finishing machinery. Starting in 1969, the business has been carried on under the name of Fong's National Engineering Co., Ltd. and becomes one of the first Hong Kong companies to explore the giant textile dyeing finishing market in China—a key turning point for the Group's future development.

In 1990, Fong's Industries Co., Ltd. was the first company of its kind publicly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. To accommodate the need of major raw materials for its manufacturing business, the Group also set up the stainless steel trading and stainless steel castings manufacturing businesses. Today the group has a workforce of approximately 4,700 employees serving over 5,700 customers worldwide.

Portfolio
Fong's Industries Group was founded in 1963 and was the first Chinese textile machinery manufacturer to acquire European companies such as Switzerland-based Xorella and German companies Then Maschinen-und Apparatebau GmbH and GTM Goller Textilemaschinen GmbH. It has also found Fong's Water Technology Co. Ltd. to provide water treatment and reuse systems with comprehensive services. The group consists of the following brands:
 FONG'S NATIONAL
 THEN
 GOLLER
 MONFORTS
 XORELLA
 FWT
 FONG’S STEEL
 TYCON ALLOY

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies established in 1963
Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Offshore companies of Bermuda
Textile companies of Hong Kong
1963 establishments in Hong Kong
Friedrich Simmel. Friedrich C. Simmel (born 1970) is a German biophysicist and professor at the Technical University Munich. He is a researcher in the field of DNA nanotechnology and is best known for his work on DNA nanomachines and dynamic DNA-based systems.

Simmel received a PhD in experimental physics from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1999. From 2000 to 2002 he was a PostDoctoral researcher at Bell Labs. He joined the faculty of the Technical University Munich as a full professor in 2007.

Awards and memberships 
 2006 Human frontier science program (HFSP) young investigator award
 2009 Vice President (2009) of the International Society of Nanoscale Science, Computation and Engineering (ISNSCE)
 2010 President (2009) of the International Society of Nanoscale Science, Computation and Engineering (ISNSCE)
 2013 Elected Member of the National Academy of Science and Technology (acatech)

References

Works
DNA-based self-assembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures with tailored optical response, Anton Kuzyk, Robert Schreiber, Zhiyuan Fan, Günther Pardatscher, Eva-Maria Roller, Alexander Högele, Friedrich C. Simmel, Alexander O. Govorov, Tim Liedl, Nature, 483, 311-314, 2012

External links
"Friedrich C. Simmel", Scientific Commons
"Friedrich C. Simmel" , TU Munich home page
"Friedrich C. Simmel" , Article on a website run by the German Department of Education and Research (German language)

1970 births
Living people
DNA nanotechnology people
German biophysicists
21st-century German physicists
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Vikram Lal. Vikram Lal (born 1942) is an Indian businessman. Lal is the founder and former CEO of Eicher Motors, an Indian commercial vehicle manufacturer based in New Delhi, India. He has been a member of the board of directors of The Doon School. As per the Forbes list of India’s 100 richest tycoons, as of 9 October 2024, Vikram Lal and his family are ranked 31st with a net worth of $8.8 billion.

Early life and education 
Vikram Lal was born in 1942. He studied mechanical engineering at the Technische Universität Darmstadt.

Business career 
In 1966, Lal joined Eicher India, part of his family owned companies established by his father, Man Mohan Lal, in 1948. Eicher started as the first tractor manufacturer in India in 1959 under the company name Eicher Tractor Corporation of India Pvt. Ltd., as a joint venture with German tractor manufacturer Eicher, and eventually branched out into light commercial vehicles in 1986, and then into heavy vehicles. In 1985, he took a step back in detailed management of his companies as result of a heart bypass, which also contributed to his later decision of handing over management control of his companies to professionals. In 1997, Lal retired from all executive roles in his companies and handed control over to professional managers.

Personal life 
Lal is married to Anita Lal and they have 3 children. Anita founded the lifestyle brand Good Earth. His son, Siddhartha Lal, became CEO of Eicher Motors in 2006. One of his daughters, Simran, runs the family's two lifestyle brands, Good Earth and Nicobar. Lal spends his retirement years volunteering at his own Goodearth Education Foundation.

References

External links 
 Interview by The Tribune
 - Vikram Lal, The Times of India

1942 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Delhi
Indian billionaires
The Doon School alumni
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
Eicher Motors
ITT System 12. System 1240 (later System 12) was a new Digital Telephone Exchange developed in 1977 by ITT Corporation. It reportedly cost US$1 billion. It anticipated the features of ISDN of the 1990s.

It was designed at the Advanced Technology Center (Stamford, Connecticut and then Shelton, Connecticut.) Manufacturing was by ITT's subsidiaries such as BTM in Belgium, where the first production system was installed at Brecht in August 1982.

Initial sales, particularly in Europe and Mexico, were strong, but the new system took longer than expected to integrate, with further losses. Against the advice of headquarters, ITT Telecommunications (ITT Kellogg) in Raleigh, North Carolina undertook the conversion to the US market, and although sales were announced in 1984 and 1985, the attempt ultimately failed, in early 1986.

Reception 
Fortune reported that "Araskog focused the company on an all-consuming push to develop and market System 12" and "shoveled profits from good businesses into System 12's insatiable maw". System 12 was intended to operate in all markets, and in all modes, from local switches to long distance.

References

ITT Inc.
Telephone exchange equipment
Telephone exchanges
Arshaluys P. Tarverdyan. Arshaluys Poghos Tarverdyan (, born 15 October 1945) is an Armenian scientist and author. He has published 152 scientific articles (including 26 describing copyrighted inventions) and five monographs, one of which was published in English in Germany by the Hohenheim University Scientific Council. He has also written two textbooks for engineering speciality students.

Tarverdyan graduated from the faculty of Agricultural Machinery of former Armenian Agriculture Institute in 1968. He has been rector of the Armenian National Agrarian University since 1988 and is the Combined Professor of the Chair of material's resistance.

Tarverdyan has studied architectonical, anatomy-morphological structural principles of stems identifying several patterns that had not previously been observed. These patterns are mostly used for calculating and projecting engineering and machine-building structures and details ensuring required hardness and strangeness at minimum expense.

Tarverdyan has developed eight patented cutting devices. He is a corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.

Scientific acknowledgements and awards
2000 - medal after Anania Shirakatsi
2004 - golden medal from Russian State Agrarian University named after K.A.Timiryazev
2007 - prize and medal after the Socrates
2011 - title of honored scientist on the RA by the decree of the RA President
2011 - medal of Artsakh's Gratitude by the decree of the NKR President

References

1945 births
Living people
Armenian scientists
Nigeria Airways Flight 925. On 20 November 1969, Nigeria Airways Flight 925, a Vickers VC10 aircraft, crashed while on approach to Lagos International Airport in Lagos, Nigeria killing all 87 people on board.

Flight
Nigeria Airways Flight 925 was en route from London to Lagos with intermediate stops in Rome and Kano. It was piloted by captain Valentine Moore, 56, first officer John Wallis, 30, flight engineer George Albert Baker, 50, and navigator Basil Payton, 49. With its undercarriage down and its flaps partially extended, the VC10 struck trees  short of runway 19 at Lagos. The aircraft crashed into the ground in an area of thick forest and exploded.

All 76 passengers and 11 crew on board were killed. Flight 925 was the first ever fatal crash involving the Vickers VC10 as well as the deadliest accident or incident.

Cause
Immediately after the accident, three automatic weapons were found in the wreckage. To counter a rumour that a fight between a prisoner and two guards caused the crash, a ballistics expert was consulted. It was learned that none of the weapons had been recently fired.

The cause of the crash was not determined with certainty. The flight recorder was not working at the time of the crash. It was determined to be most probably due to the flight crew being unaware of the aircraft's actual altitude during the final approach and allowing the aircraft to come below safe height when not in visual contact with the ground. Fatigue may have also been a contributing factor.

See also

List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1969
Accidents and incidents involving the Vickers VC10
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Nigeria Airways accidents and incidents
November 1969 events in Africa
1969 disasters in Nigeria
John Joseph Bramah. John Joseph Bramah (1798–1846), nephew of inventor and locksmith Joseph Bramah, was an English ironmaster and engineer.

Career

On 1 July 1832, the partnership between J.J. Bramah and his cousins Francis Bramah and Edward Bramah, described as "Engineers, Millwrights, Ironfounders, Smiths, and Plumbers", was dissolved as J.J. Bramah left to run his own business.

Bramah, together with George Stephenson and Robert Stephenson, created a substantial railway equipment business at Pimlico, London, starting from his uncle Joseph Bramah's business. The 1815 Beauties of England and Wales described it as "the chief ornament of this neighbourhood", being the "amazingly extensive and interesting manufactory of Mr. Bramah, the engineer, locksmith, and engine-maker", and praising it in terms: "These works have been deemed worthy the inspection of royalty, and have excited the admiration of the most powerful emperor of Christendom, Alexander of Russia."

In 1836, Bramah was insured as an "iron founder", of 4 Eccleston Place, Pimlico.

In 1839, with Charles Fox (1810–1874), the company became Bramah, Fox and Co at Smethwick, near Birmingham. It was known as the London Works.

In 1840, Messrs. John Joseph Bramah and others, "engineers", had "the contract for supplying the iron work of the Black wall Railway".

1844 Bramah, Ironmaster of Dudley, was a member of the committee of management of the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway.

1844 Bramah purchased share in the Broomfield ironworks, at which point the name of the partnership became Bramah, Barrows, and Hall.

1845 Bramah of Ashwood House purchased Horseley Ironworks and intended to put them into full operation, according to the Wolverhampton Chronicle.

1846 13 September: Death of Bramah, an extensive ironmaster and celebrated engineer, at Ashwood House, Kingswinford in his 48th year. Messrs Barrows and Hall purchased his share in the partnership Bramah, Barrows, and Hall from his estate.

Family

Bramah was the nephew of Joseph Bramah of Ashdown House, Kingswinford.

He was married to Martha Barracliff (1801–1870). They lived in Staffordshire. When Bramah's sister Esther Frances Bramah died, the couple acted as wards for the orphaned children Thomas Bramah Diplock and Samuel Robey Diplock. Thomas Bramah Diplock is chiefly famous for having been the coroner for some of the "Jack the Ripper" murders.

Bibliography
 British History Online: Chapter IV: Pimlico

References

External links
 Casebook: Thomas Bramah Diplock

1798 births
1846 deaths
English ironmasters
English engineers
19th-century English businesspeople