omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FMA I.Ae. 48. The I.Ae. 48 was a prototype jet fighter of Argentine origin. It was to be developed after the I.Ae. 37 program was split with it becoming a subsonic trainer as the new, more powerful fighter, designated as the I.Ae. 48, with two podded engines under the wings and intended to reach Mach 2.2.(2700 km/h). However, both projects were canceled in 1960 as an economic measure, only a year before the I.Ae. 37 was to fly.

History
Since the late 1940s, the major aviation industry was passing a golden age in which the availability of foreign exchange in government coffers, the profusion of German aeronautical engineers, unemployed Italian and French and British willingness to provide aeronautical engines and accessories generation allowed the Aeronautical and Mechanical Industries of the State (IAME) embark on the dream of becoming autonomous in the development and construction of high-performance aircraft and advanced technology. But the depletion of budget sources, the ambition of some designs, and distraction in initiatives outside the aerospace field conspired to dilute the fantasy that Argentina achieved aeronautical be a power comparable to the great nations. The coup of 1955 only served to finish a project that, by 1953, showed clear signs of stagnation due to lack of resources and, why not, by the appearance of some technical bottlenecks own work that sometimes bordered on border technology of the time.

Overview
This model, designated IA-48, be equipped with two Rolls-Royce Avon RA3 thrust of 2,950 kg, two Rolls-Royce Nene 101, 2 267 kg or two nacelles containing Bristol Orpheus 2 200 kg under the wings, which in turn, would delta wing Pointed or Gothic was designed to reach Mach 2.2. The Navy was interested in the model for use in the new aircraft carrier Independence, reached in 1958, that is why underwent some changes, such as the orientation of the flow of engine exhaust.

Specifications
 Type: Interceptor
 Engine: 2 RR Avon of 2950 kg, or 2 RR Nene 101 of 2267 kg, or 2 Bristol Orpheus Bor of 2200 kg thrust
 Max. Speed: Mach 2.2
 Landing Speed: 155 km / h
 16 800 kg MTOW
 Wing Area: 50 m2

References

Abandoned military aircraft projects of Argentina
I.Ae.48
Flying wings
Twinjets
General Magnaplate. Magnaplate is a company that offers surface enhancement coatings for metal parts and other substrates to increase hardness, reduce corrosion, increase chemical resistance and reduce surface friction.

Timeline 
 1952 — Magnaplate Metal Finishers is established in Hoboken, New Jersey.
 1967 — Tufram, Inc. opens in Linden, New Jersey to produce cookware, which is ranked Number 1 in the U.S. two years in a row by Consumer Reports.
 1968 — Canadize is invented, a coating that augments surface hardness for titanium and titanium alloys.
 1969 — The first man walks on the Moon, and thanks to General Magnaplate he was able to drill into the Moon's surface. A Canadize treatment on both the inside and outside of the titanium core sample drill tubes prevented samples being contaminated by titanium particles from the drill.
 1970 — Nedox was invented, a coating that significantly increases metals' corrosion resistance and wear life.
 1980 — General Magnaplate opens its Ventura, California facility.
 1982 — General Magnaplate's Texas facility upgrades to its new Arlington location, and Candida Covino joins the company.
 1985 — Ed Aversenti joins the company
 1986 — Candida Covino becomes president of General Magnaplate and Magnaplate SNS is invented.
 1989 — Plasmadize is invented, a coating which combines the advantages of thermal spraying with controlled infusion of dry polymers, dry lubricants or other materials to provide an entirely new composite with improved properties.
 1995 — Hi-T-Lube is recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the solid with the lowest coefficient of friction in the world.
 2002 — General Magnaplate celebrates its 50th anniversary
 2002 — General Magnaplate obtains ISO 9001 certification 
 2004 — General Magnaplate plays a critical role in the Mars rover landing by providing coatings for the landing mechanism.
 2007 — Founder Dr. Charles P. Covino dies.
 2020 - Ashley Russo appointed Chief Operating Officer
 2024 - Ashley Russo appointed Chief Executive Officer

References

Engineering companies of the United States
MaK GDT. The MaK GDT is a large-volume diesel railbus (German: Großraum-Dieseltriebwagen or GDT) that was first built in 1953 for private railways in Germany.

History 
The GDT was developed in the early 1950s by Maschinenbau Kiel for light and private railways. Eleven units were built as driving cars (Triebwagen or VT) for north German private lines. 

The Danish railway company Odsherreds Jernbane was supplied by MaK with two similar vehicles in 1961. These were designated as Mo 25 and Mo 26; they had 66 seats, were fitted with gangway connections and had a top speed of .

The firm based the coach bodies on the design of the centre-door coaches of the Deutsche Bundesbahn.
The engines each drove an inside axle on the bogie; only on the VT 81 delivered to the Kiel–Segeberg Light Railway (Kleinbahn Kiel–Segeberg) did the engines drive both bogie axles.

MaK railbuses of private German railway companies 

The railbuses were delivered to the following railways:
 Kiel-Schönberg Railway (Kiel-Schönberger Eisenbahn) (one unit)
 Kiel-Segeberg Railway (Kiel-Segeberger Eisenbahn) (two units)
 East Hanoverian Railways (Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen) (seven units)
 North Frisian Transport (Nordfriesische Verkehrsbetriebe) (one unit). 

Following the withdrawal of passenger services the railbuses were sold to south German railways or to Italy. After the six railbuses had been decommissioned in Italy, there were bought in 2000 by the Lüneburg Railway Society (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verkehrsfreunde Lüneburg or AVL) and brought back to Germany. 
Only one vehicle has been scrapped to date, the others still exist, some in working order. In some examples the engine was removed and they were only used as trailer cars. In 2010 the following are working:
 VT 21 of the Prignitz Railway, (Prignitzer Eisenbahn), sold to the Westphalian Localbahn, (Westfälische Localbahn), ex OHE GDT 0517
 GDT 0518 of the AVL, ex OHE GDT 0518
 T3 of the Mittelweserbahn, ex OHE GDT 0520.

Gallery

External links 
 http://www.loks-aus-kiel.de/index.php?nav=1400850&lang=1 (Lieferliste)

German railbuses
MaK railbuses
Railbuses of Denmark
Train-related introductions in 1953
Shoalway. The TSHD Shoalway is a trailing suction hopper dredger, owned and operated by Royal Boskalis Westminster, originally intended for the British market and built in 2010.

Design 
The vessel was the first of four ships designed by Conoship International and D.W. den Herder maritiem, with a shallow draught and high manoeuvrability for difficult port construction, maintenance, land reclamation, coastal defense and offshore energy projects. The typical carpentry needed for a vessel of this kind was completed by Hans Dorgelo. It was the first dredger in the Boskalis fleet to use azimuth thrusters as its main means of propulsion. The ship is equipped with rainbow discharge valves for beach replenishment or land reclamation, two jet water engines for sediment dispersal, non-protruding bottom doors in the hopper (cargo hold) for dumping at sea and engines designed to stringent MARPOL sulphur emissions standards.

Capabilities 
Equipped with a suction pipe with a diameter of , a dredge pump of , two jet pumps of  and a maximum dredging depth of  the ship is able to pump its load ashore by pipeline, dumping or rainbowing.

Sister Vessels 
Its sister vessels of the Shoalway class include the Causeway, the Strandway and the Freeway.

References

External links
 
 Boskalis Official Fact Sheet 
 Bureau Veritas Class Specifications
 Conoship International : Ship designers 'Matchmakers' Innovators

Dredgers
Service vessels of the United Kingdom
2009 ships
Pratt & Whitney XLR-129. The XLR-129 was an American rocket engine design that would have used liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants. It was developed by Pratt & Whitney and initially was to develop  of thrust. It featured an expanding nozzle in order to tune performance over a wide range of altitudes.

The XLR-129 was designed to be reusable and was initially paid for by the US Air Force, for a 1960s program called ISINGLASS, which was to be a manned rocket plane that was intended for surveillance overflights. For the Space Shuttle an attempt was made to increase the thrust to , but in the end Rocketdyne's Space Shuttle Main Engine was used instead.

The XLR-129 program was never completed, no complete engine was ever produced, but many systems were developed and tested.

References

External links

Aircraft rocket engines
Rocket engines using hydrogen propellant
Ring oiler. A ring oiler or oil ring is a form of oil-lubrication system for bearings.

Ring oilers were used for medium-speed applications with moderate loads, during the first half of the 20th century. These represented the later years of the stationary steam engine, and the beginnings of the high-speed steam engine, the internal combustion oil engine and electrical generating equipment. Before this time plain bearings were lubricated by drip-feed oil cups or manually by an engine tender with an oil can. As speeds or bearing loads later increased, forced pressure lubrication became more prevalent and the ring oiler fell from use.

A ring oiler is a simple device, consisting of a large metal ring placed around a horizontal shaft, adjacent to a bearing. An oil sump is underneath this shaft and the ring is large enough to dip into the oil. As the shaft rotates, the ring is carried round with it. The rotating ring in turn picks up some oil and deposits it onto the shaft, from where it flows sideways and lubricates the bearings. The oil ring is effectively a simple lubrication pump, with only one moving part and no complex or high-precision components. The device is crude, but automatic, effective and reliable. Unlike a drip oiler, there is also no need to close off the oiler or remove oil wicks when the machine is stopped.

Ring oilers were used for speeds up to around 1,000 rpm. Above this, the oil tended to be thrown centrifugally from the ring, rather than carried by it (although it is still currently applied on steam turbines with speeds around 3200 rpm). The bearing must also remain horizontal and stable, so although suitable for crankshaft main bearings, they could not be used on connecting rod big end bearings. They were not used on vehicles for similar reasons, although the engines concerned at this time were anyway too large and heavy for practical mobile use. Automatic ring oilers were particularly useful for large engines with multiple horizontally opposed cylinders, where it was otherwise difficult to access the central main bearings. Ring oilers were most suited where bearing side-loads were relatively light, but the bearing capacity required more lubrication than could be supplied by a drip feed oiler. For this reason they were widely used on larger electric motors and generators.

References 

Engine lubrication systems
Lubrication
Bearings (mechanical)
Starstruck (company). Starstruck Inc. was a company cofounded by James Bennett and Phil Salin that attempted to perform low-cost orbital rocket launches using experimental, sea-launched hybrid rockets.  While a commercial failure, it is an important part of hybrid rocket history, responsible for restarting commercial development of hybrid rockets. One of its core leadership was former first Apple CEO Michael Scott.  It was based in Redwood City, California.

The company folded after three rockets were built and one was successfully launched to suborbital space. Several veterans of Starstruck founded the American Rocket Company (AMROC), which also eventually failed. AMROC's intellectual property was acquired by SpaceDev.

Sources
Jim Schefter. (May 1984) High-tech Rockets on the Cheap. Popular Science

Notes

See also 
SeaLaunch

Private spaceflight companies
Defunct spaceflight companies
Laboratory for Energy Conversion. The Laboratory for Energy Conversion (LEC) formerly known as Turbomachinery Laboratory (LSM) was founded in 1892 by Aurel Boleslav Stodola. As part of the Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH). The laboratory has been headed by some of the most prominent mechanical engineers in the history of turbomachinery.

Areas of research 
The current research projects at LEC cover the fields of:
 energy economics and policy
 performance and reliability of wind energy
 minimizing high-cycle fatigue failure of compressors
 efficiency improvements of turbomachines
 aircraft noise suppression
 cooling and thermal management
 laser produced plasma source (EUV) and debris mitigation
 development of a mobile power pack
 novel measurement techniques
 biomedical diagnostics

Awards 
Amongst many noted achievements, LEC has recently developed the FENT probe. This probe, for the first time, enables measurement of entropy generation in Turbomachinery. The highly rated peer-review journal Measurement Science and Technology recognised the development of this probe as the most outstanding contribution in the field of fluid mechanics in 2008.

Professors since 1892 
 1892 - 1929 Aurel Boleslav Stodola
 1929 - 1954 Henri Quiby
 1954 - 1983 Prof. Walter Traupel
 1983 - 1998 George Gyarmathy
 1998 -  Prof. Reza Abhari

Industry partners
 ABB Group, Switzerland
 BKW FMB Energie AG, Switzerland
 EOS Holding, Switzerland
 General Electric, US
 MAN Turbo AG, Switzerland
 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan
 MTU, Germany
 Siemens, US, Germany
 Swisselectric Research, Switzerland 
 Toshiba, Japan

See also
 Brown, Boveri & Cie
 Charles Algernon Parsons
 Gustaf de Laval

References

External links 
ETH Zurich
Laboratory for Energy Conversion
Adlyte
New Enterprise for Engineers 

ETH Zurich
Mechanical engineering organizations
Turbines
Expressive Intelligence Studio. The Expressive Intelligence Studio is a research group at the University of California, Santa Cruz, established to conduct research in the field of game design technology. The studio is currently being run by Michael Mateas and Noah Wardrip-Fruin, who work closely with the students in their research.

History
When Michael Mateas formed the group back in 2006, his goal was to "stretch the students into being creative." He did not want the game design program at UCSC to be "just about photo-realistic graphics." Instead he wanted to form an ambitious group of students that grabbed the attention of the gaming industry. According to Noah Wardrip-Fruin, a major benefit for establishing the Expressive Intelligence Studio at UCSC is its proximity to Silicon Valley, where many game companies are located. In 2011, UCSC was listed 7th on Princeton Review's list of top graduate game design programs.

Research
Most of the research done by the Expressive Intelligence Studio is done through major research projects, and focuses primarily on video game AI. PhD students in the program work closely with the advisors on these projects, which have a wide range of topics. Some of these topics include automated support for game generation, automatic generation of autonomous character conversations, story management, and authoring tools for interactive storytelling. This type of research in the field of game design is only being done in a small number of other institutions, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Southern California, and Georgia Institute of Technology. According to Mateas, however, the program at the University of California, Santa Cruz Expressive Intelligence Studio strikes a balance between technology and design.

The studio has released several playable games based on research ideas, including Prom Week, the only university-produced finalist in the 2012 Independent Games Festival.

Example EISbot
The EISbot software (short for Expressive Intelligence Studio Bot) is an example for a human-level artificial intelligence which can play Starcraft. It was developed in 2010 for the Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE). The AIIDE Starcraft AI Competition is about a game playing agent, who has to win against a human player. EISbot was realized as an agent architecture, which contains submodules for reactive planning, machine learning and case-based reasoning. The reactive planner is the core of EISbot and was realized with A Behavior Language (ABL), which is an action language similar to STRIPS. The behaviors are planned with so called managers who are responsible for subgoals like production, income, tactics and scouting behavior.

See also
Game studies
Interactive storytelling
New media studies
New Media
New Media Art
Game artificial intelligence

References

External links
 Expressive Intelligence Studio Blog at UC Santa Cruz

University of California, Santa Cruz
Video game organizations
Video game studies
Game artificial intelligence
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Mines. ITU Faculty of Mines (), located in Maslak campus, is one of the faculties in Istanbul Technical University, which has five departments.Among the notable faculty of the ITU Faculty of Mines are Galip Sağıroğlu, İhsan Ketin, Aykut Barka, Celal Şengör and Kazım Ergin.

The faculty's departments are:
 Mining engineering
 Geological engineering
 Petroleum and natural gas engineering  
 Geophysical engineering
 Mineral processing engineering

History 
The Faculty of Mines was established March 1, 1953 in Istanbul. In its first years, the faculty was composed of mainly Turkish and German professors, and its program was similar to those days' famous mining schools such as RWTH Aachen University, Clausthal University of Technology then in West Germany and Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in East Germany. The Faculty of Mines accepted its first students in 1953 with a faculty of eleven scientists.

References

External links 
 ITU School of Mines
 School of Mines anthem
 Past deans
 ITU Department of Mining engineering
 ITU Department of Geological engineering
 ITU Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
 Geophysical Engineering
 Mineral Processing Engineering

Istanbul Technical University
Universities and colleges established in 1953
Schools of mines
1953 establishments in Turkey
1948 Georgia USAF Boeing B-29 crash. The 1948 Waycross B-29 crash occurred on 6 October 1948 when an engine fire contributed to the crash of a Boeing B-29-100-BW Superfortress bomber in Waycross, Georgia.  The plane was from the 3150th Electronics Squadron, United States Air Force and had tail number 45-21866. The crash occurred during a climb to altitude from the Robins Air Force Base and killed nine of thirteen men aboard, including three RCA engineers. Four men parachuted to safety. Because the flight was a test of the "sunseeker" (a heat-seeking device later used in the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile), the federal government asserted the state secrets privilege to avoid having to provide the Air Force's accident report in a subsequent suit for damages by victims of the crash and their heirs, despite the device playing no role in the crash itself and not being referred to in the report.

United States v. Reynolds

A $225,000 summary judgment against the government and for the contractor's widows was directed when the government claimed the accident report, as well as documents with surviving crewmember statements, could not be furnished "without seriously hampering national security". However, the Supreme Court overturned the judgment under state secrets privilege. Nevertheless, the Air Force agreed to pay an out-of-court settlement of $170,000. Decades later the declassified accident report indicated the cause to have been a fire and drop in manifold pressure in the number 1 engine, as well as an inadvertent feathering of the number 4 engine, which was not successfully unfeathered prior to the crash. The report indicated the cause of the fire in engine 1 could not be positively determined, but was likely to have been the result of breaks in the right exhaust collector ring. The report further stated that "the fire may have been aggravated by non-compliance with Technical Orders 01-20EJ-117 and 01-20EJ-178." It concluded that the aircraft was "not considered safe for flight" due to non-compliance with these orders. A consequent lawsuit to reopen the case claimed that the report's information about the cause was not secret and alleged a government coverup, but the case was not reopened.

See also
 List of 1948 accidents and incidents involving military aircraft

References

Further reading

Accidents and incidents involving United States Air Force aircraft
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1948
Waycross, Georgia micropolitan area
Aviation accidents and incidents in Georgia (U.S. state)
1948 in Georgia (U.S. state)
Boeing B-29 Superfortress
October 1948 events in the United States
3rd Maneuver Enhancement Brigade. The 3d Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (3d MEB) was a United States Army brigade located at Fort Richardson, Alaska. The 3d MEB was one of three active duty Maneuver Enhancement Brigades. The Brigade was tasked to improve the movement capabilities and rear area security for commanders at division level or higher. It was inactivated in 2011 and replaced by the 2d Engineer Brigade.

The 3d MEB was composed of:
 Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  6th Engineer Battalion
  793d Military Police Battalion
  17th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion

References

External links 
 Official homepage
 

3 003
Military units and formations established in 2008
Military units and formations disestablished in 2011
Stanley Stephen College of Engineering & Technology. Stanley Stephen College of Engineering & Technology is established in the year 2007. It is located in the outskirts of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India.

The College is approved by AICTE, New Delhi and is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur.

External links

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Kurnool district
Kurnool
Educational institutions established in 2007
2007 establishments in Andhra Pradesh