omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Avo Photonics. Avo Photonics, Inc. is a service corporation that designs, develops, and manufactures private-label opto-electronic products for the medical, industrial, defense, aerospace, and communication markets.

The company headquarters is located in Horsham, PA, a suburb of Philadelphia, and consists of a  manufacturing facility that features  of clean room space.

Additional design verification is performed at Avo's satellite campus in Toronto, Ontario, and the company has European distributorship in Germany, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Norway.

History

Avo Photonics was founded in 2003 by a group of engineers and laser physicists led by Dr. Joseph L. Dallas, co-creator of NASA's Space Lidar Technology Center. Avo was acquired by Halma, p.l.c., in 2011 as part of their global photonics division.

Design and development capability

Avo Photonics' design and development capabilities include optical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical modeling and design integration, as well as prototyping and testing.

Manufacturing capability

Avo Photonics is ISO 9001:2008-certified  and ISO 13485:2003-certified. Its manufacturing capabilities include die bonding, laser welding, hermetic sealing, wire and ribbon bonding, fiber attach, vacuum packaging, and test and burn-in. In the past, Avo has manufactured such optical components and systems as diode-pumped solid-state lasers, fiber amplifiers, laser projector sources, high power isolators, tunable lasers, IR imagers, Lidar systems, Reagent photometers and space/airborne rangers.

References

Photonics companies
Companies based in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
American companies established in 2003
2003 establishments in Pennsylvania
Mikkel Thorup. Mikkel Thorup (born 1965) is a Danish computer scientist working at University of Copenhagen.
He completed his undergraduate education at Technical University of Denmark and his doctoral studies at Oxford University in 1993. From 1993 to 1998, he was at University of Copenhagen and from 1998 to 2013 he was at AT&T Labs-Research in New Jersey. Since 2013 he has been at the University of Copenhagen as a Professor and Head of Center for Efficient Algorithms and Data Structures (EADS).

Thorup's main work is in algorithms and data structures. One of his best-known results is a linear-time algorithm for the single-source shortest paths problem in undirected graphs (Thorup, 1999).
With Mihai Pătraşcu he has shown that  simple tabulation hashing schemes achieve the same or similar performance criteria as hash families that have higher independence in worst case, while permitting speedier implementations.

Thorup has been editor of the area algorithm and data structures for Journal of the ACM, and has also served on the editorial boards of SIAM Journal on Computing, ACM Transactions on Algorithms, and the Theory of Computing.
He has been a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery since 2005 for his contributions to algorithms and data structures.  He belongs to the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters since 2006. In 2010 he was bestowed the AT&T Fellows Honor for “outstanding innovation in algorithms, including advanced hashing and sampling techniques applied to AT&T's Internet traffic analysis and speech services.”

In 2011 he was co-winner of the David P. Robbins Prize from the Mathematical Association of America for  solving, to within a constant factor, the classic problem of stacking blocks on a table to achieve the maximum possible overhang, i.e., reaching out the furthest horizontal distance from the edge of the table. “The papers describe an impressive result in discrete mathematics; the problem is easily understood and the arguments, despite their depth, are easily accessible to any motivated undergraduate.” 
In 2021 he was co-winner of the Fulkerson Prize for his work with Ken-Ichi Kawarabayashi on fast deterministic algorithms for edge connectivity.

Selected publications 

  Announced at FOCS 1997.
  Preliminary version published in FOCS 2006, .
.
  2011 MAA Robbins Award.

References 

Living people
Danish computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
2005 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
1965 births
École des technologies numériques avancées. The École des technologies numériques avancées (ETNA) is a French private school of computer science localized at Ivry-sur-Seine. Created in 2005 by Patrice Dumoucel, the school has been part of IONIS Education Group since 2006. The certification delivered by the school are recognized by the French state

The school is from the same group as EPITA and EPITECH. The partnership ETNA/EPITA/EPITECH allows students to use the equipment to the two other universities. ETNA graduates can proceed to others courses at the IONIS School of Technology and Management or a MBA at the Institut supérieur de gestion.

Curriculum 

The course is a three-year dual education system and includes 200 hours of lessons and 400 hours of practical cases study per year.
Two specializations are available : software development or system and computer network.

Students choose one of these two in the second year.

The main lessons of the first year of study offers the following subjects:  management, database, IPv4 network, web technologies, system administration, PHP / web, culture computer, English, mathematics and method.
The second year can address the following topics: project, business valuation, English, mathematics, drafting and document analysis, and marketing / business / management.
During the last year, the curriculum includes the subjects: project, English, mathematics, drafting and document analysis, marketing / business / management and psychology work.

Since September 2013, the school will start a new program in 2 years after French Baccalauréat which will be entirely free. 250 tickets are available. The innovation is that there are graduate students who will pay for the students in training (250 euros per month during three years).

External links

References 

Engineering universities and colleges in France
Universities in Île-de-France
Buildings and structures in Val-de-Marne
Computer science education
Educational institutions established in 2005
Private schools in France
2005 establishments in France
Air Sports AIRector 120. The Air Sports AIRector 120 is a German ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Air Sports Aircrafts  of Dassel. It was introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2010.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat, enclosed cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from composites and has a very low empty weight of . The initial standard engine is the  Hirth F23 two-stroke powerplant, but it is expected that an all-electric drive train will be available soon.

Variants
AIRector 120
Original model
AIRector 300
Model introduced in 2015 with retractable landing gear and a  engine.

Specifications (AIRector 120)

References

External links

2010s German ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Electric aircraft
ATEC 212 Solo. The ATEC 212 Solo is a Czech ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by ATEC v.o.s. of Libice nad Cidlinou. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat, enclosed cockpit with a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The 212 Solo is made from carbon fibre and was derived from the ATEC 321 Faeta and ATEC 122 Zephyr 2000 designs. Its  span wing employs an SM701 airfoil and slotted flaps. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 582 two-stroke and the  Rotax 912UL four-stroke powerplant.

Specifications (212 Solo)

References

External links

2000s Czech ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
ATEC aircraft
Paul Fillunger. Paul Fillunger (June 25, 1883 in Vienna – March 7, 1937 in Vienna) was an Austrian geotechnical engineer.

Raised in a family of engineers, he studied at the Technische Hochschule in Vienna and took a position in the state-owned railway company in 1906. In 1908 he completed a PhD and then went to teach mathematics, machine industry and then mechanics at the University of Vienna.

Fillunger pioneered the study of saturated ground and was made famous by an article published in 1913.

He discovered the difference in behaviors of the effective and general stresses in samples of ground, opening the way for further research. He is considered to be a pioneer of the theory of liquid-saturated porous solids.

Fillunger's theories put him in heated conflict with Karl von Terzaghi, who is often referred to as "father of soil mechanics", whom Fillunger was accused of slandering. The University blamed Fillunger, who then committed suicide by opening the gas jets in the bathroom with his wife.

References 

 Reint Boer, The Engineer And The Scandal: A Piece Of Science History, Springer, 2005
 Paul Fillunger, "Erdbaumechanik?", Vienna, 1936

Geotechnical engineers
Austrian civil engineers
Scientists from Vienna
1883 births
1937 suicides
1937 deaths
Joint suicides
Suicides in Austria
Scientific controversies
ATEC 321 Faeta. The ATEC 321 Faeta is a Czech ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by ATEC v.o.s. of Libice nad Cidlinou. It was developed from the earlier ATEC 122 Zephyr 2000. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Faeta was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and US light-sport aircraft rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed tricycle landing gear, a T-tail and a single engine in tractor configuration. It is an approved SLSA in the USA.

The aircraft fuselage is made with a carbon fibre shell and composite sandwich bulkheads. The  span wing is made from carbon fibre sandwiches built upon a laminated wooden spar. The wing varies from the Zephyr in that it has a different tapered planform and uses a new airfoil. The design attempts to provide a lower empty weight and stall speed than the 122 Zephyr. The standard engine available is the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.

The Nordic Omsider amphibian prototype uses the wings and part of the tail from the Faeta.

Specifications (321 Faeta)

References

External links

2000s Czech ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
ATEC aircraft
Jon Samseth. Jon Samseth, born July 23, 1954, in Trondheim, Norway, is a Norwegian engineer and professor of physics. He was awarded an engineering degree in physics (siv.ing.) from the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) (now Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU) in 1981. He later earned a Diplôme d'ingénieur degree in Petroleum economics from the  École Nationale Supérieure du Pétrole et des Moteurs (ENSPM) in France in 1983. He received his PhD in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1988. Samseth is a professor of energy physics at the Oslo Metropolitan University as well as a scientific advisor to SINTEF industry. In addition, he served as an adjunct professor (professor II) in the Department of Chemical engineering at NTNU from 2007 to 2015.

Samseth has focused his research broadly in the field of soft matter. Within this field, he has used neutron scattering to study a variety of surfactant-containing systems, including micelles and microemulsions, aerogels and block-copolymers. Since 2004 he has been engaged in the study of nanostructured polymer-membranes applied to gas separation.

Samseth has been actively involved internationally through the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). He was member of  IUPAP’s first energy working group in which they assessed viability of various energy sources. In 2012, IUPAP commissioned him to chair and form a new working group devoted to energy topics at large.
He was also a member of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment's (SCOPE) biofuels rapid assessment group and has been the president of SCOPE since 2014. From 2010 to 2013 he has been a scientific advisor to the yearbook team of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and participated as a member of the writing team. In the 2012 yearbook, he was responsible for the chapter on the decommissioning of nuclear reactors.

Currently, Samseth is actively involved in the public debate on energy issues, most notably those related to nuclear energy, and gives public lectures on these topics as well. He raises ethical and environmental concerns connected to energy issues and advocates that nuclear energy is an integral part of a modern energy system. Because of his experience in energy topics, he is frequently featured in the media, particularly when nuclear energy concerns the public (such as during the Fukushima accident in Japan.)

In 2012 professor Samseth was elected member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA).

References

External links
 Samseth in the media

Norwegian physicists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
Oslo and Akershus University College
1954 births
People from Trondheim
Living people
People associated with IUPAP
Double pushout graph rewriting. In computer science, double pushout graph rewriting (or DPO graph rewriting) refers to a mathematical framework for graph rewriting. It was introduced as one of the first algebraic approaches to graph rewriting in the article "Graph-grammars: An algebraic approach" (1973). It has since been generalized to allow rewriting structures which are not graphs, and to handle negative application conditions, among other extensions.

Definition 

A DPO graph transformation system (or graph grammar) consists of a finite graph, which is the starting state, and a finite or countable set of labeled spans in the category of finite graphs and graph homomorphisms, which serve as derivation rules. The rule spans are generally taken to be composed of monomorphisms, but the details can vary.

Rewriting is performed in two steps: deletion and addition.

After a match from the left hand side to  is fixed, nodes and edges that are not in the right hand side are deleted. The right hand side is then glued in.

Gluing graphs is in fact a pushout construction in the category of graphs, and the deletion is the same as finding a pushout complement, hence the name.

Uses 

Double pushout graph rewriting allows the specification of graph transformations by specifying a pattern of fixed size and composition to be found and replaced, where part of the pattern can be preserved. The application of a rule is potentially non-deterministic: several distinct matches can be possible. These can be non-overlapping, or share only preserved items, thus showing a kind of concurrency known as parallel independence, or they may be incompatible, in which case either the applications can sometimes be executed sequentially, or one can even preclude the other.

It can be used as a language for software design and programming (usually a variant working on richer structures than graphs is chosen). Termination for DPO graph rewriting is undecidable because the Post correspondence problem can be reduced to it.

DPO graph rewriting can be viewed as a generalization of Petri nets.

Generalization 
Axioms have been sought to describe categories in which DPO rewriting will work. One possibility is the notion of an adhesive category, which also enjoys many closure properties. Related notions are HLR systems, quasi-adhesive categories and -adhesive categories, adhesive HLR categories.

The concepts of adhesive category and HLR system are related (an adhesive category with coproducts is a HLR system).

Hypergraph, typed graph and attributed graph rewriting, for example, can be handled because they can be cast as adhesive HLR systems.

Notes 

Graph algorithms
Graph rewriting
London Underground tube-gauge steam locomotives. Tube-gauge steam locomotives may appear to be an unlikely possibility, because of the problems of using such a machine in the confines of a tunnel less than  in diameter, but the London Underground had three such vehicles over the years. Two were built by the Hunslet Engine Company in 1899, and the third by Kerr, Stuart and Company in 1922.

Central London Railway

The Central London Railway obtained two small steam  locomotives from the Hunslet Engine Company in 1899, to assist with the task of equipping the tunnels once the civil engineering work of building them had been completed. Numbered 1 and 2, only their outer wheels had flanges, which enabled them to negotiate curves of  radius. They appeared to have very large side tanks, but of the  of water carried, only one fifth was used for feeding the boiler, and the rest for condensing the steam. Boiler pressure was , which gave them a tractive effort of .

Although the cabs were wide, headroom was extremely limited, and consequently they were oil-fired, so that they could be operated by one man rather than two. Fuel tanks holding  of oil were fitted into the bunker, which could also hold 0.75 tons of coal, since the grate was designed so that either fuel could be used. Oil was always used in the tunnels, but coal was often used above ground. Once the railway opened to passengers in July 1900, the locomotives were seldom used in the tunnels, but did occasionally go into them. They were mainly used for shunting in depots and for moving coal wagons at Wood Lane power station, which operated until March 1928. However the two locomotives were scrapped in 1923.

City and South London Railway

The City and South London Railway was built with tunnels of only  diameter, but they were enlarged between 1923 and 1925, when the line amalgamated with the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway. At the same time, the line was extended southwards to Morden, and the railway bought an  from Kerr, Stuart and Company in 1922, to assist with the equipping of the extension. The machine weighed 14 tons, the saddle tank held  of water, and 0.75 tons of coal could be carried. The driving wheels were  in diameter, and it was considerably less powerful than the Central London machines, generating a tractive effort of . The boiler pressure was , and it was known as the 'Brazil'. Kerr, Stuart built a number of Brazil class locomotives, of which four -gauge examples survive in preservation, three on the Sittingbourne and Kemsley Light Railway and one on the Great Whipsnade Railway.

The locomotive became L34 in 1930, and worked on the extension of the Piccadilly line to Cockfosters. During this work it was stabled at either Cockfosters or Arnos Grove. It then moved to Drapers Field, Leyton, to work on the Central line eastern extension. This work was completed in 1949, and the locomotive was then scrapped.

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
 

London Underground locomotives
0-4-2T locomotives
0-6-0T locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Maksim Martynov. Maxim Borisovich Martynov (; born January 15, 1973) is a Soviet and Russian engineer. He currently serves as deputy general designer and the head of the bureau at the interplanetary probe developer NPO Lavochkin. He was the chief designer of the Fobos-Grunt project at the Russian aerospace company NPO Lavochkin.

Biography 
Martynov was born on January 15, 1973, in Moscow region.

References

External links 
 Biography at Ria.ru

1973 births
Living people
Engineers from Moscow
Groupement des écoles d'aéronautique. The Groupement des écoles d'aéronautique (GEA France) (in English French aeronautical universities network) includes three French national aerospace engineering grandes écoles focused on this scope:
 École nationale de l'aviation civile (ÉNAC), Aix-en-Provence, Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Toulouse, Muret, Montpellier, Grenoble, Biscarrosse, Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, Saint-Yan et Melun,
 École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique (ISAE-ENSMA), Poitiers,
 Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Toulouse.

The Institut sino-européen d'ingénierie de l'aviation of Tianjin 

The Institut sino-européen d'ingénierie de l'aviation (Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering) of Tianjin has been created by the GEA grandes écoles, in partnership with DGAC and French companies (EADS, Airbus, Thales, Eurocopter, Safran) as part of a Franco-Chinese cooperation following the implantation of an Airbus A320 assembly plant in Tianjin.
The university opened in October 2007, trains Chinese students. They follow a course in aerospace engineering, taught in French and in six years, a first year of learning the French language, followed by two years of classes préparatoires and three years of aeronautical engineering.

Mastères Spécialisés in Tianjin 

Not linked with the engineering training, three Mastères Spécialisés are taught at the Institut sino-européen d'ingénierie de l'aviation of Tianjin:
 Mastère Spécialisé Aviation Safety management : aeronautical maintenance ;
 Mastère Spécialisé Aviation Safety management : airworthiness ;
 Mastère Spécialisé Aviation Safety management : flight operations.

These courses are for Chinese students who wants to join the aeronautical sector.

References 

Grandes écoles
Technical universities and colleges in France
Engineering universities and colleges in France
Engineering university associations and consortia
Science and technology in France
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Aviation schools
École nationale de l'aviation civile
Aaron Parsons. Aaron R. Parsons (born 1980) is an American astrophysicist who works primarily in the fields of radio astronomy instrumentation and experimental cosmology.

Biography 

Parsons was born in 1980.  He grew up in Rangely, Colorado and graduated simultaneously from high school and from Colorado Northwestern Community College with an AS degree in 1998.  He majored in physics and mathematics at Harvard University, and graduated with a BA in 2002.
After working as a development engineer at the UC Berkeley Space Sciences Lab from 2002 to 2004, Parsons entered graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley in astronomy, receiving his PhD in 2009 while holding a predoctoral research position at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.  Parsons returned to UC Berkeley on an NSF postdoctoral fellowship in 2009.  He was hired as an assistant professor in the Astronomy Department and in the Radio Astronomy Laboratory at UC Berkeley in 2011.

Research 
Parsons is the principal investigator of the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) array, a radio interferometer designed to detect the first era of star formation, commonly called the Epoch of Reionization, via its effect on hydrogen in the intergalactic medium.  He specializes in digital signal processing instrumentation, and was one of the founding members of the Center for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER).

Honors 
 Charles Townes Fellow (2008)
 NSF Astronomy & Astrophysics Fellow (2009)
  Mary Elizabeth Uhl Prize (2009)
Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (2019)

References 

Living people
American cosmologists
21st-century American astronomers
University of California, Berkeley faculty
1980 births
Harvard College alumni
21st-century American physicists
People from Rangely, Colorado
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers