omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Taylorcraft F22. The Taylorcraft F22 is a two-seat American light aircraft produced in small numbers by Taylorcraft in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is a further development of the Taylorcraft F-19 via the F-21 design. Manufacturing and marketing of the F22 was halted by the financial difficulties of Taylorcraft, although plans to restart production existed in 2007.

Design and development
The F22 is a high-wing, strut-braced monoplane of conventional design. Two of the four variants produced had fixed, tailwheel undercarriage, but the F22A and F22C had fixed, tricycle undercarriage instead. The pilot and a single passenger sit side-by-side in an enclosed cabin. Power is supplied by a piston engine mounted tractor-fashion in the nose, driving a propeller. The airframe is of welded steel tube, covered in fabric.

The prototype, registered N180GT, first flew on August 1, 1989, and production started at Taylorcraft's Lock Haven factory by the end of the year. In 1992, after only 17 F22s were built, Taylorcraft was bankrupt and ceased business.

Variants
F22 Classic
Developed from the F-21B. Lycoming O-235 engine. Prototype N180GT had tricycle undercarriage, but production examples had tailwheels. (4 built, including prototype)
F22A Tracker
Also marketed as the Tri-Classic. Lycoming O-235-powered version with tricycle undercarriage. (11 built)
F22B Ranger
Also marketed as the STOL-180. Tailwheel version with Lycoming O-360 engine. (1 built)
F22C Trooper
Also marketed as the TriSTOL. Tricycle undercarriage version with Lycoming O-360 engine. (1 built)

Specifications (F22A)

References

Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 

1980s United States civil utility aircraft
Taylorcraft aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1988
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Squaramide catalysis. Within the area of organocatalysis, squaramide catalysis describes the use of squaramides to accelerate and stereochemically alter organic transformations.  The effects arise through hydrogen-bonding interactions between the substrate and the squaramide, unlike classic catalysts, and is thus a type of hydrogen-bond catalyst. The scope of these small-molecule H-bond donors termed squaramide organocatalysis covers both non-stereoselective and stereoselective applications.

Structure
A squaramide organocatalyst typically contains the squaramide group and a hydrogen bond donor which is usually a tertiary amine group. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-group is commonly used for the R group. For enantioselective squaramide catalysis, chirality is induced via the tertiary amine group. There are cases where both sides of the squaramide are tertiary amines.

Catalyst-substrate interactions 
The interaction between the substrate and the catalyst can be seen in the image above, with the electrophile being bound to the squaramide part and the protonated nucleophile to the amine part (which increases nucleophilicity). However, it must be noted that the position of the nucleophile and electrophile switch when the electrophile can only form one hydrogen bond, as in the case of most imines.

Advantages of squaramide organocatalysts 
Squaramide catalysts are easily prepared from starting materials like methyl squarate, possess high activities under low catalyst loadings. Squaramide catalysis can be a replacement for thiourea organocatalysis in some scenarios. Squaramides have higher affinity for halide ions than thiourea.Aqueous mediums can be used.

Scope 
H-bond accepting substrates include carbonyl compounds imines, Michael acceptors, and epoxides. The nucleophile can be nitroalkanes, enolates, and even phenols (resulting in electrophilic aromatic substitution). Subsequent cascade reactions are possible.

History
Squaramides have been synthesized in 1966. Squaramide catalysts are developed in 2008 by Jeremiah P. Malerich, Koji Hagihara, and Viresh H. Rawal.

Catalysts
From the general structure of squaramide catalysts, a number of catalysts have been developed, most with the aim to enable chiral catalysis.

See also 
 Organocatalysis
 Hydrogen-bond catalysis
 Thiourea catalysis
 Squaramide

References

Catalysis
Organic chemistry
North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1973. The North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1973 (c. xxxvi) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which gave powers to the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) to build the hydro electric station at Dinorwig in North Wales and associated purposes.

Background 
The Central Electricity Generating Board had a statutory duty to develop and maintain an electricity supply in England and Wales. In order to meet increasing demand for electricity there was a need to construct and operate new works for generating electricity. This Act gave powers to the CEGB to build the hydro electric station at Dinorwig in North Wales.

North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1973 
The North Wales Hydro Electric Power Act 1973 received Royal Assent on 19 December 1973. Its long title is ‘An Act to confer powers upon the Central Electricity Generating Board for the construction and erection of works and a generating station in the county of Caernarvon and for the acquisition of lands and easements for the purposes thereof or in connection therewith; and for other purposes.’

Provisions 
The Act comprises 58 Sections in five Parts, and five Schedules

Part I : Preliminary

 Sections 1 to 6, short title, interpretation, application

Part II: Works

 Sections 7 to 20, powers, roads, footpaths, accommodation

Part III: Lands

 Sections 21 to 28, acquisitions, easements

Part IV: Abstractions, impoundings and discharges

 Sections 29 to 46, powers to take water, abstraction, discharges

Part V: Miscellaneous and general

 Sections 47 to 58, preservation, protection, arbitration, costs

Schedules

 Schedule 1 – Part I and Part II Provisions of Water Act 1945
 Schedule 2 – Lands for possession
 Schedule 3 – Footpaths to be stopped up
 Schedule 4 – Description of land for generating station
 Schedule 5 – Land acquired for accommodation

Effects of the act 
The Act empowered the CEGB to construct hydro electric generating station at Dinorwig. Construction took place from 1974 to 1984, the first generator came on line in February 1983. The generating plant comprises six 290 MW generators with a total net capability of 1728 MW.

Current status 
Unknown.

See also 

 Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry
 North Wales Hydro-Electric Power Act 1952
 North Wales Hydro-Electric Power Act 1955

References 

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1973
Hydroelectric power stations in Wales
Emilio Méndez Pérez. Emilio Méndez Pérez (born 22 May 1949) is a Spanish physicist. His research has focused on the study of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. Particularly notable are his discoveries on the effects of an electric field on the electronic properties of quantum wells and superlattices, especially the experimental demonstration of the so-called "Stark effect" and the so-called "Wannier–Stark ladder".

In 1998, he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Awards for Technical and Scientific Research along Pedro Miguel Echenique Landiríbar.

References 

Living people
Spanish physicists
People from Lleida
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
1949 births
Ashwin Seshia. Ashwin Seshia is a scientist and engineer, known for his work in the fields of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology. He is currently the Professor of Microsystems Technology at the University of Cambridge.

Early life and education
Seshia received his BTech degree in Engineering Physics from IIT Bombay in 1996. He then went to study in the United States until 2002, where he received his MS and PhD degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley.

Career
Seshia has become known for his work in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and sensor technology. He is currently a professor of Microsystems Technology at the University of Cambridge, where he leads the Micro and Nanoengineering Group within the Department of Engineering. Seshia's research focuses on the design, fabrication, and application of MEMS devices, which are tiny integrated devices or systems that combine electrical and mechanical components at a very small scale.

One of his notable areas of expertise is developing resonant MEMS devices, particularly resonant sensors and actuators. These devices use the mechanical vibrations of microstructures to sense various physical quantities such as acceleration, pressure, and temperature with high sensitivity and accuracy. He work in this field has led to him receiving numerous industry awards and recognition. In 2014, he was awarded The Royal Academy of Engineering Silver Medal for his work in the field of nanotechnology.

References

Academics of the University of Cambridge
IIT Bombay alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sean Gong. Professor Shaogang Gong, often shortened to Sean Gong, is an engineer and currently serves as Professor of Visual Computation at Queen Mary University of London. He is the head of the university's Computer Vision Group, and specialises in machine learning and video analysis.

Research
Beginning in 1996, Gong's work and research has featured over 130 computer vision and pattern recognition conferences, including the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition and European Conference on Computer Vision. In 2009, he co-wrote a comprehensive study into facial expression recognition software, which was published in the Image & Computing journal.

His research has led him to become involved with three separate companies as a result of his expertise. His roles in business have resulted in him winning multiple awards regionally, including the 2017 Queen Mary Academic Commercial Enterprise Award and the 2019 Queen Mary Innovation Award. He was also the recipient of the Global Frost & Sullivan Award in 2017 for innovation with the development of video forensic technology that could be used by law enforcement. This software was later acquired by Veritone in 2022.

Gong was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2023.

References

21st-century engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century engineers
Academics of Queen Mary University of London

Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Catriona Savage. Catriona Louise Savage  (born February 1974) is an engineer and professor at University College London. She specialises in the field of naval architecture and was the Royal Institution of Naval Architects first female President.

Career
Savage began her career with BMT Defence Services as a naval architect following her graduation. She progressed through the ranks at BMT, becoming a chartered engineer and Head of Naval Architecture. Savage most recently served as BMT's Technical Director.

From 2017 Savage has worked at UCL as a professor and directs the university's MSc in naval architecture. Alongside this course, she also developed and directs the internationally renowned submarine design course.

In 2022 Savage became The Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA)'s first female President. The institution was founded back in 1860, and focuses on advancing naval architecture and marine technology through education, research, and professional development programmes. In 2023 she moved to the senior management team of Silverstream Technologies. In 2023 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

References

Living people
 1974 births
British naval architects
British women engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Joshua Macabuag. Joshua Macabuag is a civil engineer, who specialises in disaster response.

Early life & education
Macabuag studied civil engineering at the University of Oxford. Following his graduation, he worked on a project in South Africa with the charity Engineers Without Borders.

Career
In 2009, Macabuag notably won first prize at the ICE's Graduate and Student Papers competition, for his paper investigating the use of polypropylene straps to earthquake-proof buildings in the country of Nepal.

His expertise in disaster response has led him to provide expertise during a number of major global disasters, including the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, Hurricane Irma and others. In 2018, Macabuag published a study in Geosciences into the effect of debris-induced damage in buildings. Macabuag has also published other studies into modelling vulnerabilities during natural disasters.

In 2021, Macabuag partnered with the World Bank to work as a disaster risk engineering consultant. Macabuag was a keynote speaker at the 14th Brunel International Lecture series, where he discussed disaster response. In 2023, he became a Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow.

References

Civil engineers

Alumni of the University of Oxford

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Safer end of engineering life. Safer End of Engineering Life, sometimes abbreviated to SEEL, is a concept that focuses on the importance of considering the entire lifecycle of a product or system. Currently there is a lot of focus on the decommissioning or retirement in particular industries. This includes but is not limited to plastic waste, electronic waste (sometimes shorted to e-waste), and construction and industrial waste.

Recently, SEEL is becoming more of a focus in fields such as software engineering, industrial design, and infrastructure development.

Background
The idea behind SEEL is to mitigate risks and ensure safety not only during the active use phase of a product but also during its end-of-life processes, such as disposal, recycling, or decommissioning. This approach recognises that even after a product has served its intended purpose, it can still pose risks to the environment, public health, or safety if not managed properly.

In software engineering, SEEL may involve designing systems with built-in mechanisms for secure data deletion, ensuring that sensitive information is properly erased when software or hardware reaches the end of its useful life. It could also involve planning for software updates and patches to be maintained and deployed until the end-of-life date to address any security vulnerabilities that may arise over time.

In industrial design and manufacturing, SEEL may include considerations for recyclability, ease of disassembly, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. By designing products with end-of-life considerations in mind, manufacturers can facilitate the recycling or repurposing of components, reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact.

Recent milestones
The Royal Academy of Engineering launched a global review in January 2021 into the further study of SEEL, as well as the impacts the lack of action was having, with potential goals and aims in the future.

An international workshop was held online in May 2022 with experts from 15 countries. The workshop aimed to reflect on the progress related to the safety challenges on how to ensure the global fleet of 50,000 ships and 10,000 offshore structures can be decommissioned in an environmentally friendly way. During the same year, the European Union also published a report into findings on offshore decommissioning.

The Lowy Institute also published reports into the dangers of how reliant the oil and gas industries were on aging infrastructure.

Application & challenges
A main focus in recent years has been the decommissioning of offshore structures and ships. Oil rigs as one example  have a complex decommissioning process. Even after decommissioning, there may still be infrastructure remaining on the seafloor, such as well casings or pipelines. Decommissioning oil rigs presents numerous challenges due to technical complexity, environmental concerns, regulatory compliance, cost, legacy infrastructure, and stakeholder interests. These structures are intricate and contain various components, which requires specialised knowledge. Removal of hazardous materials can also be difficult and costly.

References

Engineering
Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Power Station. The Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Power Station (UEWPS), is a 140 MW wind power plant under construction in South Africa. The power station is under development by a consortium comprising (i) African Clean Energy Developments (ACED) and (ii) Energy Infrastructure Management Services (EIMS Africa). Both entities are subsidiaries of African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM), an asset manager entity headquartered in Cape Town, South Africa.

The power generated here is intended for sale to Sibanye-Stillwater, the South African mining conglomerate, to support its gold, platinum-group elements and related metals mining operations in South Africa. The power will be transmitted from the wind farm to the off-taker by Eskom, the national electricity utility company under a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) and a long-term  "wheeling agreement".

Location
The power station is located near the town of Murraysburg, in 	Beaufort West, in Central Karoo District in extreme northeastern Western Cape Province, close to its border with the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Murraysburg is located approximately , by road, northeast of Cape Town, the provincial capital.

Overview
The design calls for a wind farm with generation capacity of 140 megawatts.

Developers
The table below illustrates the ownership of this power station. The owner(s) are expected to form a special purpose vehicle (SPV) company to own, design, fund, build, operate and maintain the wind farm. For descriptive purposes, we will refer to the SPV company as Umsinde Emoyeni Power Consortium.

Funding and time table
African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM) are funding the renewable energy project. AIIM is the parent entity of the two main  shareholders, ACED and EIMS Africa. The project received financial support from Old Mutual Alternative Investments (OMAI)’s IDEAS Fund and from a syndicated loan arranged by Rand Merchant Bank. Construction is expected to start in June 2024 with commercial commissioning planned in the fourth quarter of 2026.

Other considerations
With the attainment of financial closure for Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Farm, Sibanye-Stillwater has attained 407 MW of green renewable energy for its exclusive use, in its decarbonization and greening efforts. The 407 MW mitigates 24 percent of the miner's carbon footprint, equivalent to approximately 1,450,000 tonnes of CO2 annually, beginning in January 2027. Sibanye-Stillwater still plans to increase this portfolio of renewable green power sources to 600 MW, as it progresses towards total carbon neutrality by 2040.

See also

 List of power stations in South Africa
 Khangela Emoyeni Wind Power Station

References

External links
 Eaglestone Advises ACED and EIMS on the Umsinde Emoyeni Wind Farm Project

Economy of the Western Cape
Wind farms in South Africa
Energy infrastructure in Africa
Energy infrastructure under construction
21st-century architecture in South Africa
Rick and Morty: The Manga. Rick and Morty: The Manga ― Get in the Robot, Morty! is an ongoing manga series written by Alissa Sallah and drawn by JeyOdin. The story, a parody of Neon Genesis Evangelion and Attack on Titan, revolves around Morty as he faces off against an army of Jiants (giant variants of his father Jerry) in a robot built by Rick, while struggling with high school.

Summary
Set in its own continuity, the manga follows Rick as he builds a giant robot for Morty to use to face off against an unexpected enemy: a horde of giant variants of Jerry dubbed "Jiants". As Rick becomes invested in upgrading the mech with new features, Morty, his sister Summer, and his new friend Rowan continue to attend high school while navigating the post-apocalyptic world around them.

Reception
Upon the release of the first volume of this manga-inspired series, it has been positively received by critics.

References

Comic books based on animated series
Comics stubs
Manga stubs
Oni Press titles
Rick and Morty
The Good Plastic Company. The Good Plastic Company is a manufacturer of sustainable surface materials, specialising in fully recycled and recyclable plastic panels for furniture and interior design. It was founded by William Chizhovsky in 2018. The company's main product line is Polygood.

History 
The Good Plastic Company was established in December 2018 with a focus on large design and architecture projects for companies in need of sustainable surface materials that meet environmental targets as well as safeguard the environment. In 2019, the company set up its first manufacturing facility in the Netherlands and started investing in R&D.

In 2021, The Good Plastic Company expanded its manufacturing operations with a larger facility in Ukraine, processing over 1,000 tonnes of recycled plastic panels annually. Polygood panels are used in the retail, hospitality, education, healthcare, and residential sectors for interior and exterior design elements.

The company has over 400 clients, including Nike, Adidas, IKEA, McDonald's, Karl Lagerfeld, Jimmy Fairly, Coach, LUSH, Hyundai, Soho House, Samsung, and BMW. Operating across seven locations globally with two factories in Europe, the company has expanded its distribution network to the United Kingdom and Ireland, the Middle East, India, France, Scandinavia, Spain, and North America.

Technology and Products 
The company's technology converts plastic waste into high-quality surface materials. Using custom in-house developed press machines, The Good Plastic Company produces Polygood panels with a level of precision and efficiency not achievable with standard machinery.

Polygood panels measure . The company introduced fire- and scratch-resistant coatings in 2023 for enhanced applicability.

Sustainability 
The Polygood line has received Cradle to Cradle Bronze Certification and a verified Environmental Product Declaration, making it a sustainable choice for LEED- and BREEAM certified projects and credits.

The material's GWP (global warming potential) of 1,074 kg per metric tonne is eight times lower than manufacturing virgin polystyrene.

Further reading 
 Archpaper: The Good Plastic Company Expands Plastic Waste Operations in the US 
 Dezeen: The Good Plastic Company to Showcase Sustainable Materials at Milan Design Week 2024
 El Pais: Furniture Design from Former Refrigerators
 Design Wanted: Eight Projects from Isola Showcase at Dutch Design Week 2023

References 

Manufacturing companies established in 2018
Plastics companies
Manufacturing companies of the Netherlands
Bay du Nord oil field. The Bay du Nord oil field is located  northeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The offshore development is owned by Equinor.

History
The property was discovered in 2013.

On 6 April 2022, Equinor's project was approved under Section 54 of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 by the Federal government of Canada. Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault faced stiff opposition in cabinet but won the day. The project will use an FPSO vessel.

On 14 June 2023, the project's development was shelved, for up to three years. That year, it was worth $16 billion.

On 22 January 2024, the project was restarted.

References

Equinor
Newfoundland (island)
Oil fields of Newfoundland and Labrador