omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Plane. Plane most often refers to:
 Aero- or airplane, a powered, fixed-wing aircraft 
 Plane (geometry), a flat, 2-dimensional surface
 Plane (mathematics), generalizations of a geometrical plane

Plane or planes may also refer to:

Biology
 Plane (tree) or Platanus, wetland native plant
 Planes (genus), marsh crabs in Grapsidae
 Bindahara phocides, the plane butterfly of Asia

Maritime transport
 Planing (boat), where weight is predominantly supported by hydrodynamic lift
 Plane (wherry), a Norfolk canal boat, in use 1931–1949

Music
"Planes", a 1976 song by Colin Blunstone
"Planes (Experimental Aircraft)", a 1989 song by Jefferson Airplane from Jefferson Airplane
"Planez", originally "Planes", a 2015 song by Jeremih
"The Plane", a 1987 song on the Empire of the Sun soundtrack
"The Plane", a 1997 song by Kinito Méndez

Other entertainment
Plane (Dungeons & Dragons), any fictional realm of the D&D roleplaying game's multiverse  
Planes (film), a 2013 animation
Planes: Fire & Rescue, a 2014 sequel
 Plane (film), a 2023 film
Plane (Magic: The Gathering), any fictional realm of the multiverse the card game is set in

Places
 Plane (Han Pijesak), Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Plane, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Plane (river), eastern Germany
 Plane Island, off Cape Farina, Tunisia
 Pláně, Czech Republic
 Planès, France
 Planes, Alicante, Spain

Religion
 Plane (esotericism), a state, level or region of reality
 Planē (mythology), an ancient Greek goddess

Technology
 Plane (tool), a tool for shaping wood
 Plane (Unicode), in the Universal Coded Character Set, a continuous group of 216 code points
 Plane, part of a telecommunications network structure

See also

 Plain (disambiguation)
 Planar (disambiguation)
 Plano (disambiguation)
 Plane sailing, an approximate method of navigation
Gunderson Do-All Machine. The Gunderson Do-All Machine is a colorful, interconnected network of dozens of machines that have been cross-sectioned to reveal their internal operating mechanisms. It was designed by Mark Gunderson to illustrate mechanical concepts.

History and design 

The Gunderson Do-All Machine includes more than 30 individual machines that are linked together by an array of belts, gears, pulleys, and transmissions.  Collectively, they operate in a continuous chain reaction on the power of one  Whitte gas oil well engine, forming a kinetic sculpture. The entire network is mounted on a  flat bed trailer platform, so that it can be transported to engine shows, educational venues, and county fairs.  The combined weight of the trailer and all components is about 6000 pounds.

The Do-All's layout and design allows one to follow the chain reaction from machine to machine while observing the internal cogs, gears, and other components that make them work. The variety of machines include an automatically reversing worm gear, a water pump impellar, a governor/gas valve from a 20-horsepower (HP) JC engine, a blacksmith blower/bubble maker, the main line shaft and pulley from an antique corn grinder, a floating gear, a DC 110-volt generator and lights, a 38-to-1 gear reducer, a bicycle light generator, and a fan blower painted to look like a clown. Recent additions include a penny press that creates a commemorative Do-All Machine coin and a rotating satellite dish with sun and moon images painted on opposite sides.

Major engine components 

The Gunderson Do-All includes the following major engines that have been cut away to reveal their inner workings in action:

 Wright Twin Cyclone R-2600 1,700 horsepower radial engine from a B-25 Bomber
 Wankel Rotary Engine from a Mazda RX-7
 301 Cu in Pontiac V8 engine from a TransAm
 Jeep CJ5 Transmission

Gallery

See also 

 Pontiac TransAm

References 

 Gunderson R.  The Do-All Machine.  Gas Engine Magazine. December, 1999; Vol. 34:12, pages 16–18.

External links 
 
 Carter County Old-time Machinery and Antiques Annual Show, Ashland, Kentucky – story, interview, and slide show of self-trained mechanical engineer, Mark Gunderson, and the Gunderson Do-All Machine.
 Article 
 Slideshow and interview
 Mark Gunderson’s Do-All Machine - Making its first appearance at Rough and Tumble Engineers Historical Association Threshermans Reunion
 Gunderson Do-All Machine
 Tri-State Old Engine Show – Portland, Indiana.  2003 
 Tri-State Old Engine Show – Portland, Indiana.  2003 (more) 

Machines
Engines
Radial engines
Cadwaladerite. Cadwaladerite is a rare aluminium halide mineral with formula: AlCl(OH)2·4(H2O). It was reported for an amorphous substance associated with sulfate minerals and embedded in a halite crystal cluster. Its status is uncertain due to inadequate data.
It was first described in 1941 for an occurrence in mine dumps of the Victoria Segunda mine Cerros Pintados, Iquique province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. It was named for Charles Meigs Biddle Cadwalader, president of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Lesukite was discredited (IMA2018-H).

References

Aluminium minerals
Chloride minerals
Hydroxide minerals
Tetrahydrate minerals
Minerals described in 1941
Olivetti Envision. The Olivetti Envision (400/P75) was an Italian multimedia personal computer produced in 1995. It came with a choice of two processors: Intel 486 DX4 100 MHz or Intel Pentium P75.

It had an infrared keyboard and internal modem, and it was compatible with audio CDs, CD-ROMs, Photo CDs and Video CDs. Preinstalled software allowed the computer to work as a fax or answering machine when connected to a telephone line.

The Envision had three possible operating modes:

 Simple (limited to the use of an infrared remote control to control the volume and the reproduction of photo, video or audio CDs); 
 Intermediate (a simplified Windows shell replacement called Olipilot that gave access to a limited set of programs);
 Advanced (standard Windows 95 graphical user interface).

Designed by M. De Lucchi, the declared goal for this device was to convince non-computer-savvy people that computers are not impossibly hard to use and can be bought and used like normal home appliances. For this reason, it was intentionally designed to resemble a videocassette recorder more than a computer, and it was equipped with two SCART sockets (to connect it to a TV set), a TV-like remote control, and a slot that could host a satellite TV decoder card.

The Olivetti Envision was discontinued in 1996 due to poor sales caused by its excessive price, many software bugs and limited expandability.

Technical specifications 

 CPU: Intel 486 DX4 @ 100 MHz or Intel Pentium @ 75 MHz
 RAM: 8 MB
 Graphics: Trident TGV9470 (1 MB, integrated into the motherboard, compatible with Number Nine GXE Graphics Accelerator, Infotronic IPG 64 and Spea Video 7 Mercury)
 Resolutions: 1024 x 768 with 256 colors (monitor), 800 x 600 with 65,536 colors (TV)
 Audio: Crystal Semiconductor Corporation CS4231 + Oak Mozart OTI 605 (compatible with the MPC2 multimedia standard, Roland SCC-1 and Sound Blaster 16)
 Connectors: 3 expansion slots, 2 SCART, audio out, MIDI, VGA out, serial, parallel, modem
 Storage: 1.4 MB 3.5” floppy disk; 635 MB hard disk, CD-ROM drive
 Keyboard: 83 keys infrared keyboard

References

External links
http://ultimateconsoledatabase.com/golden/olivetti_envision.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20200322013225/https://members.ziggo.nl/wimwubs/Olivetti-Envision-P75/

Olivetti personal computers
Computer-related introductions in 1995
Cafarsite. Cafarsite (·)
is a rare calcium iron arsenite mineral. Manganese and titanium occur with iron in the formula.

It was first described in 1966 for an occurrence in the Binn Valley, Valais, Switzerland. Its name is from the composition, calcium, ferrum (iron), and arsenic. It has also been reported from Piedmont, Italy and the Hemlo gold mine in the Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada.

References

Oxide minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 201
Minerals described in 1966
Steam Boat Association of Great Britain. The Steam Boat Association of Great Britain (SBA) is a waterway society formed in 1971 to promote steamboats and represent steamboat owners' interests. A third of its 700 members live outside the UK.

The association with around 700 members, which holds rallies all over the UK and other events including national and regional meetings, technical seminars, displays at model engineering exhibitions, and engages with a range of related engineering topics. It also publishes technical manuals and the SBA's quarterly journal The Funnel , an 96pp colour production designed to bring together and inform steam boaters around the world.

The SBA recognises that maintaining, operating and or building a steam boat demands an amount of engineering skills.
Close attention is paid to safety issues and particularly the integrity of boilers and steam fittings.

The SBA also provides boiler testing services for members via its trading arm, Steamboat Association Services  Ltd (SBAS).

It is estimated that of the 400 or so small steam launches in the UK (most of which are between 5–10 metres in length) around 90 or so will steam in any given summer season. The club also includes a number of larger steam boats, from inland canal narrowboats through to coastal vessels, as well as an overseas membership.

See also
List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom

References

External links
Steam Boat Association's website

Clubs and societies in the United Kingdom
Steamboats in Europe
Waterways organisations in the United Kingdom
Neustadt/Weinstrasse Railway Museum. The Neustadt/Weinstrasse Railway Museum (Eisenbahnmuseum Neustadt/Weinstraße) is one of the two railway museums run by the German Railway History Company, (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte) or DGEG. It is located in the station at Neustadt an der Weinstraße. The other one is the Bochum Dahlhausen Railway Museum.

The Neustadt/Weinstrasse Railway Museum is housed in the historic locomotive shed of the Palatinate Railway, built in the very earliest days of the railways. in what was then the Bavarian Palatinate or Pfalz. The engine shed is still largely in its original condition.

Exhibits
The focus of the Neustadt/Weinstrasse Railway Museum is vehicles of the former state railways in southern Germany. For example, the two remaining examples of steam locomotives from the time of the Palatine Railways are preserved here still in their original state: the T 1 Schaidt and a Palatine T 5. In addition a replica of an express train locomotive from the early railway period, (Die Pfalz), a Crampton engine, is on display. Vehicles from the Deutsche Reichsbahn era are the E 17 and ET 11. In addition the museum still has a range of passenger train coaches and goods wagons of the former Baden and Royal Württemberg State Railways, as well as the later standard DRG wagons. There is also a 1942 steam-powered rotary snow plough in the fleet.

Little Cuckoo Railway
Restoration and maintenance, upkeep of the buildings and operation of the associated museum railway are carried out by the society members. The preserved railway, called the Little Cuckoo Railway (Kuckucksbähnel), starts at Neustadt and heads into the Palatine Forest, west of Neustadt.

See also 
 History of rail transport in Germany
 Royal Bavarian State Railways
 Palatinate Railway
 List of Palatine locomotives and railbuses
 DGEG

References

External links 
Neustadt/Weinstrasse railway museum home page
DGEG home page

Railway museums in Germany
Heritage railways in Germany
Transport in Rhineland-Palatinate
Museums in Rhineland-Palatinate
Standard gauge railways in Germany
Neustadt an der Weinstraße
Shipfitter. A shipfitter is a marine occupational classification used both by naval activities and among ship builders; however, the term applies mostly to certain workers at commercial and naval shipyards during the construction or repair phase of a ship.

The term is derived from the words "ship" and "fit" -- essentially, "fitting" parts of the "ship" together.

Naval usage

A shipfitter is an enlisted or civilian person who works on materials such as high-tensile steel and high yield strength steel.

Shipfitters fabricate, assemble and erect all structural parts of a ship, coordinate all fixed tank work performed on submarines and ships, and coordinate all sonar dome work. Shipfitters also use heavy machinery, such as plate planners, shears, punches, drill presses, bending rolls, bending slabs, plate bevelers, saws, presses up to 750 tons, angle rolls (vertical and horizontal), dogs and wedges.  Shipfitters are responsible for hydro and air testing of tanks and compartments, as well as perform grinding, drilling and fit-up operations on submarines and surface crafts.

Ship builder usage

A shipfitter is a worker who “fits” together the structural portions of a ship by either welding or by riveting.

See also
 Metalworking
 Shipbuilding
 List of United States Navy ratings

References
 Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
 Specialty Definition: SHIPFITTER
 shipfitter Definition
 Shipfitter

Construction trades workers
Metalworking occupations
Shipbuilding
Mozambique–South Africa Oil Pipeline. The Mozambique–South Africa Oil Pipeline is a proposed multiproduct petrol and diesel fuel pipeline from Maputo to Gauteng, South Africa.

Route
The  long pipeline will run from an existing coastal fuel-storage facility at Matola harbour in Mozambique to Nelspruit, Mpumalanga in South Africa. From there the pipeline will then continue to Kendal in Mpumalanga, where it could join the current Transnet Pipelines petroleum pipeline network.  The project also foresees potential transport to neighboring countries, such as Botswana.

Technical description
The initial capacity of the pipeline will be 6 million cubic meters of oil per year.  It is possible that the maximum capacity would be higher because of the high demand.  The project foresees the refurbishment and construction of tankage and improved loading capabilities in Matola, and new tankage in Nelspruit, Mpumalanga.

The technical design of the pipeline is led by VGI Consulting Engineers. The environmental impact assessment is coordinated by Nature & Business Alliance Africa. The pipeline is expected to cost US$620 million.  The construction will start in 2009 and the pipeline is expected to be operational by 2011.

Project company
The project is to be implemented by Petroline, a joint venture between Mozambican and South African companies. The biggest shareholder is Petróleos de Moçambique (Petromoc) with the stake of 40%. Other shareholders are Gigajoule International (Pty) Ltd, Companhia de Desenvolvimento de Petroleo de Mocambique, and WOESA Consortium (Pty) Ltd. Petrofac has an option to acquire 25%+1 share interest in the project.

References

External links
 Petroline website

Energy infrastructure completed in 2011
Oil pipelines in Mozambique
Oil pipelines in South Africa
Proposed pipelines in Africa
Refined oil product pipelines
Mozambique–South Africa relations
Methanesulfonic anhydride. Methanesulfonic anhydride (Ms2O) is the acid anhydride of methanesulfonic acid. Like methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl), it may be used to generate mesylates (methanesulfonyl esters).

Preparation & purification
Ms2O may be prepared by the dehydration of methanesulfonic acid with phosphorus pentoxide.
P2O5 + 6 CH3SO3H → 3 (CH3SO2)2O + 2 H3PO4

Ms2O can be purified by distillation under vacuum (distillation of a solid) or by recrystallization from Methyl tert-butyl ether/toluene.

Reactions & Applications in synthesis
Passage of hydrogen chloride through molten Ms2O yields MsCl.

Similar to MsCl, Ms2O can perform mesylation of alcohols to form sulfonates. Use of Ms2O avoids the alkyl chloride, which often appears as a side-product when MsCl is used. Unlike MsCl, Ms2O may not be suitable for mesylation of the unsaturated alcohols.

Examples of mesylation of alcohols with Ms2O:
 Octadecyl methanesulfonate was prepared from octadecanol in pyridine.
 Secondary alcohol at the anomeric carbon of 2,3,4,5-O-Benzyl-protected glucose reacted to form a glycosyl mesylate, which was found to be more stable than its triflate counterpart, in 2,4,6-collidine.

Ms2O also converts amines to sulfonamides.

Aromatic sulfonation

Assisted by Lewis acid catalyst, Friedel-Crafts methylsulfonation of aryl ring can be achieved by Ms2O. In contrast to MsCl, either activated or deactivated benzene derivatives can form the corresponding sulfonatesin satisfactory yields with Ms2O.

Examples of aromatic sulfonation with Ms2O:
 Sulfonation of chlorobenzene resulted in addition of methylsulfonyl group at para and ortho positions (with respect to chloride), with a ratio of 2 to 1, respectively; while reaction with Meta-dichlorobenzene gave monosulfonylated product at C4 position.
 With sulfuric acid, di-aryl sulfones were synthesized.

Esterification
Ms2O catalyzes the esterification of alcohols by carboxylic acids. 2-Naphthyl acetate was prepared from 2-naphthol and glacial (anhydrous) acetic acid in the presence of Ms2O. Both alcohols on ethylene glycol successfully benzoylated with benzoic acid and Ms2O. However, for free alcohols on monosaccharides, the acetylation was not completed.

Oxidation of alcohols
Like Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation and Swern oxidation, with DMSO, Ms2O can oxidize primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, in HMPA. This method applies to benzylic alcohol. HMPA may be substituted by dichloromethane but may result in more side-products.

See also
 Methanesulfonyl chloride
 Disulfuric acid
 Sodium pyrosulfate
 Acetic anhydride
 Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride

References

Acid anhydrides
Reagents for organic chemistry
Methyl compounds
T Craft-class patrol vessel. The T Craft-class patrol vessels are a class of inshore patrol boat currently in service with the South African Navy. Comprising three vessels, the class was constructed in South Africa and entered service in 1992. Known just as T craft or by their pennant numbers until 2003 when the vessels received new names.

Design 

These boats are twin-hulled catamarans of glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) sandwich construction, with a complement of 16 personnel including one officer. The displace  fully loaded and are  long overall with a beam of  and a draught of . The boats are propelled by two Hamilton water-jets powered by two ADE 444 Tl 12V diesel engines creating . This gives the vessels a maximum speed of  and a range of  at . Each vessel possesses a Racal-Decca I-band surface search radar unit and a single  heavy Browning machine gun. Each boat is designed to carry a small seaborne complement of commandos as well as a rigid-hulled inflatable boat in the stern well in order to board other vessels at sea.

History 

Three vessels were ordered in mid-1991, and were built by T Craft International in Cape Town. The first vessel was commissioned into the South African Navy as P1552 in June 1992. The second vessel was commissioned as P1553 in June 1996 and the third as P1554 in December 1996. Three vessels of this type were also built for Israel in 1997. In 2003, the three vessels were given new names, keeping their old names as pennant numbers. P1152 became SAS Tobie (P1552), P1553 became SAS Tern (P1553) and P1554 became SAS Tekwane (P1554).

References

Ships of the South African Navy
Patrol boat classes
East Anglian Waterways Association. The East Anglian Waterways Association is a waterway society and an umbrella organisation in East Anglia, England, UK.

The association was founded on 18 April 1958, and  it campaigns for the preservation, restoration and good management of the tidal and inland waterways in East Anglia. One of its early projects was an investigation into the complex legal status of the staithes or landing stages on the Norfolk Broads, which was carried out in the 1960s. The research paved the way for many of the staithes to be adopted by the Broads Authority, and retained as public access points to the waterways.

For more than fifty years, EAWA has worked with other organisations to have the River Great Ouse reopened to Bedford, the purchase and restoration of Dilham Dyke on the Broads, and many other projects.

EAWA is also a member of the Broads Forum. Having suggested plans to reopen the North Walsham and Dilham Canal in 1992, and then working actively to achieve that aim, the EAWA helped with the launch of the North Walsham and Dilham Canal Trust in 2008.

The association is also one of the funding partners for the Fens Waterways Link, a multimillion-pound project for the creation of a navigable link through Lincoln, Boston and Spalding to Ely. The Link would open up 240 km of waterway.

EAWA also actively supports related projects, such as the Bourne Eau restoration, the Stamford Canal, and Clay Dike, in partnership with the Inland Waterways Association.

EAWA's partnerships with other waterways trusts / organisations:
Chelmer Canal Trust
River Stour Trust
River Gipping Trust
Sleaford Navigation Trust
Little Ouse Group
Great Ouse Boating Association
Middle Level Waterman's Club
Louth Navigation Trust

See also

List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom

References

External links
Broads Authority Local Development framework consultation database
National Archives: The Easterling, EAWA newsletter, 1960–68
East Anglian Waterways Association website

Waterways organisations in the United Kingdom
Slew (spacecraft). The slew of a spacecraft is its orientation in reference to a plane or fixed position such as Earth, the Sun, another celestial body or other point in space. When moving to assume such an orientation, the spacecraft is slewing.

During spaceflight, a craft's attitude must be controlled for reasons depending on the craft's mission. Keeping a  spacecraft slewed properly is vital for ensuring that its antenna remains oriented toward Earth for sending and receiving data and commands. Additionally with many craft, keeping their solar arrays angled toward the Sun optimizes their power absorption and reduces the craft's reliance on internal power systems. Thermal heating and cooling of a craft and its subsystems can also be controlled by the craft's orientation. Cameras or other sensing equipment that are fixed into position upon the craft need to be aimed by slewing the craft.  A spacecraft can either be spin stabilized or 3-axis stabilized to maintain proper orientation.

For spin-stabilized spacecraft, slewing is accomplished by applying a (significant) torque to the spacecraft, in general by operating a thruster in synchronous or asynchronous direction to its spin to adjust its spin rate.  This results in a precession and slews for this kind of spacecraft are therefore also called "precession manoeuvre."

The slew of 3-axis stabilized spacecraft is typically in closed loop control with thrusters or electrically-powered reaction wheels maintaining or altering the craft's attitude based on sensor measurements.  A typical example is a space telescope that should be turned to observe a new celestial object. But also for 3-axis stabilized spacecraft for which the normal attitude is not inertially fixed the spacecraft is said to make a slew if the attitude is changed in another way and with another, mostly higher, rate than when in the basic attitude control mode. An example is the Magellan probe that once per orbit interrupted the scanning of the Venus surface making a large turn to direct its high gain antenna to the Earth for data transmission.

See also
 Attitude control (spacecraft)
 Flight dynamics (spacecraft)
 Reaction control system

References

Spaceflight concepts