omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Collocation (operating systems). Collocation is a technique used in operating system design to improve the performance of microkernel-based systems. It moves code that would normally be running as an application into the kernel's address space to reduce the delays in context switches and message passing between different parts of the system. Such systems have more in common with classic "monolithic" kernels, like Unix, in that the kernel runs as a single program, but internally they are still organized as a set of intercommunicating tasks.

Collocation was widely explored in the 1990s as a way to improve the performance of systems based on the Mach kernel, with MkLinux being one example of an operating system using this approach. While it was successful in terms of improving the performance of the Mach system, in overall terms it was still far less performant than a traditional system, like Linux, running on the same platform. During this same period, the ever-growing amount of main memory and great increases in hard drive performance greatly lowered the development complexity of large monolithic kernels.

Collocation is much less common today, with some formerly collocation-based systems moving to traditional monolithic systems, one example being macOS' XNU. Another new approach to solving the communications overhead is the unikernel.

References

Citations

Bibliography
 
 
 

Operating system technology
Microkernels
Arya Sasol polymer company. The Arya Sasol polymer Company, () is an Iranian petrochemical company located in Asaluyeh, Iran. The establishment contract for this company was signed in April 2002 through a memorandum of understanding between the National Petrochemical Company of Iran and the German branch of Sasol, a South African company. According to this contract, it was decided that the olefin unit, as well as the two Low-density polyethylene, Medium-density, and heavy polyethylene units of Pars Petrochemical Company, would be separated and established as an independent company under the name Arya Sasol. The aim of this separation was for the new Arya Sasol company to become the best and leading polymer producer in the Middle East region. Arya Sasol's polymer is considered a legacy of the partnership between Iran and South Africa's Sasol in the early 2000s. The shares of this company are indexed on the Tehran Stock Exchange under the name "APOZ1".

Products
Arya Sasol Polymer Company annually produces one million and one hundred thousand tons of ethylene in its olefin unit, 375 thousand tons of low-density polyethylene in its LDPE unit, and 375 thousand tons of medium and high-density polyethylene in its MDPE/HDPE unit.

Awards
In the 5th Organization-Wide Innovation Award (2023), Arya Sasol was able to secure four top ranks for Iran and win the award.

Notes

National Iranian Oil Company
Oil and gas companies of Iran
Iranian companies established in 2002
Enrico Ronchi. Enrico Ronchi (born 1984) is an Italian Associate Professor at the Department of Fire Safety Engineering and the Department of Transport and Roads at Lund University, Sweden. He is known for his research in evacuation modeling, human behavior in fire, and fire safety engineering.

Early life and education 
Ronchi earned his Ph.D. in Transportation Engineering, Land Use, and Technological Innovation from the Polytechnic University of Bari, Italy, in 2012. His doctoral research focused on human behavior in emergencies and evacuation modeling in road tunnels.

Academic career 
After completing his Ph.D., Ronchi held positions at several prestigious institutions. He has been a Guest Researcher at the Department of Psychology I at the University of Würzburg, Germany, and at the Fire Research Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the USA.

In 2013, Ronchi joined Lund University, where he became an associate professor in 2019. His research encompasses evacuation modeling for buildings and transportation systems, human behavior in fire scenarios, and the application of virtual reality in fire safety training.

Research and contributions 
Ronchi has published over 150 works, including more than 90 peer-reviewed journal articles. His research has significantly contributed to understanding human behavior during fire emergencies and improving evacuation strategies in complex infrastructures.

He is also the Associate Editor for prominent journals such as Safety Science and Fire Technology and serves on the editorial board of the Fire Safety Journal.

Awards 
Ronchi has received multiple awards for his research impact on fire safety engineering. Among them, there are:

 2019 Magnusson Mid-Career Award by the International Association for Fire Safety Science;
 2018 Foundation Medal by the National Fire Protection Association (USA);
 2017 Bigglestone Award by the National Fire Protection Association (USA).

References

External links 
 Enrico Ronchi's Profile at Lund University
 Google Scholar Profile
 ORCID

1984 births
Living people
Italian urban planners
Academic staff of Lund University
Academic staff of the University of Würzburg
Tuva Cihangir Atasever. Tuva Cihangir Atasever (born 12 August 1992) is the second Turkish astronaut of the Turkish Space Agency. He was a backup crew member for Axiom Mission 3, and he flew on Galactic 07 in June 2024.

Atasever's mother is of Azerbaijani origin, and he carried the flags of both Turkey and Azerbaijan to space.

References

1992 births
Living people
People from Ankara
Turkish astronauts
Custom Operations Command. Custom Operations Command is a building on Keppel Road in Tanjong Pagar, Singapore. Completed in 1940, it initially served as the headquarters of the customs division of Tanjong Pagar and a living quarters for revenue officers. It later became the headquarters of the Singapore Customs enforcement operations. In 2019, the organisation moved out of the building, which had been earmarked for redevelopment in 2009.

Description
The three-storey Streamline Moderne building features a hip roof made of terracotta, as well as parapet walls with rounded edges and linear mouldings. Its windows are large and framed with metal. The building was made of reinforced concrete and painted in "pink and cream". At its completion, it featured over 60 flats for revenue officers and their families and two flats for the division's assistant supervisors, as well as a recreation room with parquet flooring. The flats occupied the second and third storeys, while the first was occupied by the customs offices.

History
The building's construction, which cost $190,000, began in 1938 and was completed in 1940. It was initially scheduled for completion in late 1939. However, its construction experienced delays as a result of World War II and the difficulty in transporting materials to the site. The customs division of Tanjong Pagar moved into the building on 1 December from its previous headquarters within the premises of the Singapore Harbour Board. The building also had its own sports club, with membership being automatically provided to all those who worked for the customs. It had teams for soccer, hockey and badminton.

During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, the building served as a naval training school. Many of its amenities were damaged in this period. Following the end of the occupation, the building's sports club was redecorated and refurnished. It was reopened on 17 January 1953. By then, the building had become the Port Division Building. In the 1960s, the building began serving as a base for the enforcement operations of the customs, with both the Land Division and the Land Squads moving into the building.

In the 1980s, the building began serving as the Ports Branch of the Docks Division of the customs. In March 1982, it was announced that out of the building's 24 quarters, 13 would be demolished to make way for a training school. Other branches of the Singapore Customs began moving into the building in the 1990s. In 2003, it was officially renamed the Customs Operations Command. In 2009, the customs was informed that the building was earmarked for redevelopment. As such, a new building, also named the Customs Operations Command, was built on Bulim Drive in Jurong West. The Keppel Road building closed on 15 November 2019.

References

1940s establishments in Singapore
Buildings and structures in Singapore
Aminoffite. Aminoffite is a mineral of the silicate class. It was first described in 1937 and received its name to honor the Swedish mineralogist and artist Gregori Aminoff (1883–1947), who was an expert in the mineralogy of Långban and worked at the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Characteristics  
Aminoffite is a silicate with the chemical formula Ca2(Be,Al)(Si2O7)(H2O,OH). It crystallizes in the tetragonal system. Its hardness on the Mohs scale is between 5.5 and 6. According to the Nickel–Strunz classification, the aminoffite belongs to "09.BH - Sorosilicates with anions Si3O10, Si4O11, etc.; cations in tetrahedral coordination and greater coordination' along with the minerals kinoite, akatoreite, and fencooperite.

Formation and deposits 
Aminoffites are found as well-formed crystals in veins and cavities in massive magnetite and limonite. It is usually found associated with other minerals such as: magnetite, goethite, fluorite, calcite and baryte. It was discovered in 1937 in Långban, Filipstad of Värmland, Sweden. It has also been found in the alkaline massif in Dugdu of Tuva in Russia and Taronga of New South Wales in Australia.

References 

Sorosilicates
Tetragonal minerals
Alice (Microsoft). ALICE is an Artificial Intelligence project initiated by Microsoft Research, known as Automated Learning and Intelligence for Causation and Economics. The project focuses on leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning techniques combined with econometrics to enhance economic decision-making processes.

History 
The primary goal of ALICE is to measure causation in economic systems, which is crucial for making informed policy decisions. This involves understanding the reasons behind the movements within complex economies. The project builds on Microsoft's long history of integrating Economics and Computer Science, bringing together researchers from various fields such as Social Science, AI, and Machine Learning. The ALICE team aims to scale up the adaptation of existing ML technologies for economic applications and develop new deep learning architectures for causal inference. Their research addresses practical policy-relevant applications, including demand estimation, price optimization, effectiveness of advertising, sales strategies, and designing incentives for desirable healthcare and education outcomes. This endeavor aims to democratize economic research using AI, while simultaneously advancing the frontier of AI through economic theory.

One notable aspect of the ALICE project is the collaboration with TripAdvisor. A case study between Microsoft Research and TripAdvisor explored the use of causal AI for customer segmentation, This partnership emerged from a chance encounter between data scientists from both organizations, leading to a joint effort in understanding the impact of a membership model on user engagement. By leveraging an A/B test, the ALICE team developed a new statistical method to measure the direct effects of membership on engagement. This approach, which builds upon traditional instrumental variables techniques, revealed significant variation in user engagement based on the platform used and pages visited by the user.

The collaboration resulted in valuable insights for TripAdvisor. The ALICE team found that membership positively affects user engagement, with significant variation among users. The major drivers of this variation included the platform from which the user accessed TripAdvisor and the pages they visited before the experiment. The key innovation was developing an ML-based method for estimating heterogeneous causal effects in A/B tests with non-compliance, which allows for complex individual-level differences in both compliance and the intervention's effect.

The methodology has been implemented in the EconML software package, an open-source Python library developed by the ALICE team. EconML applies machine learning techniques to estimate individualized causal responses from observational or experimental data.

Principal Economist Eleanor Dillon currently leads the ALICE project at the Microsoft Research Lab - New England.

References

Applications of artificial intelligence
Econometrics software
Scaled Wind Farm Technology Facility. The Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) Facility is a collaborative research facility, located at the Reese Technology Center in Lubbock, Texas.  It is the first facility to offer multiple wind turbines to measure turbine performance in a wind farm environment for as a user facility for the Wind Energy Technologies Office of the United States Department of Energy. The project was formally commissioned in summer 2013.

Partners 
Some of the present research collaboration is involving the following research partners:

 Texas Tech University
 The National Wind Institute
 Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for the Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) of the U.S. Department of Energy.
 Vestas, a Danish wind company
 Group NIRE, which is a renewable energy corporation created in 2010 by Texas Tech.

Facilities 
The facilities consist of:

 SWiFT Wind Turbines: Three research-scale wind turbines (modified Vestas V27s), two deployed by Sandia and the third one by Vesta.
 Meteorological (MET) Towers: Two 60-meter-tall anemometer towers for measuring wind speed
 Control Building: Housing 640 square feet of computing space for wind-turbine control.
 Assembly Building: A 5,500 square foot, environmentally controlled high-bay assembly area with machining capabilities (lathe, multiple mills, drill press, welders, and related items).

References 

Energy research institutes
Energy research
Wind turbines
Wind energy organizations
Renewable energy
Carl Edgar Myers. Carl Edgar Myers (1842–1925) was an American aeronautical engineer. He was born at March 2, 1842 at Herkimer, New York, to Abram H. and Eliza Ann (Cristman) Myers. At various times in his life, he was employed as carpenter, mechanician, plumber, electrician and chemist, banker, and photographer. After 1978, he focused on aeronautical engineering. He became known as the inventor of new or improved systems for generating gases, and as the constructor of hydrogen balloons and airships, including the aerial velocipede, gas kite, sky-cycle and electrical aerial torpedo. He married Mary Breed Hawley on November 8, 1871.

Myers, after spending two years hiring professional balloonists to test his designs, Myers went up in a balloon himself.

He and his wife had one child, a daughter born in 1881 called Elizabeth Aerial Myers.

With the assistance of his wife, Mary, Myers built two sky-cycles.

He wrote articles for many publications, including his self-published Balloon Bulletin. His last article was published by Scientific American in 1913.

Publications

References 

1842 births
1925 deaths
American balloonists
American engineers
List of Starship launches. Since April 2023, the SpaceX Starship has been launched  times, with  successes and  failures. The American company has developed Starship with the intention of lowering launch costs using economies of scale. It aims to achieve this by reusing both rocket stages, increasing payload mass to orbit, increasing launch frequency, creating a mass-manufacturing pipeline and adapting it to a wide range of space missions. Starship is the latest project in SpaceX's reusable launch system development program and plan to colonize Mars, and also one of two landing systems selected by NASA for the Artemis program's crewed Lunar missions. 

SpaceX calls the entire launch vehicle "Starship", which consists of the Super Heavy first stage (booster) and the ambiguously-named Starship second stage (ship). There are three versions of Starship: Block 1, (also known as Starship 1, Version 1, or V1) which is retired, Block 2, which first flew in Starship flight test 7, and Block 3, which is still in development. As of September 2024, vehicles of different versions are expected to be integrated and flown together. As of January 2025, 6 Block 1 vehicles and  Block 2 vehicle have flown; with the last Block 1 ship completing its mission in November 2024. Both Starship's first and second stages are planned to be reusable, and are planned to be caught by the tower arms used to assemble the rocket at the pad. This capability was first demonstrated during Starship's fifth flight test, using a Block 1 booster.

Launch statistics 
Starship vehicles have been launched  times, resulting in  successes (), and  failures. Starship Block 1 was launched six times between April 2023 and November 2024, with the ship retired ahead of the seventh flight. Block 1 boosters are expected to fly further into the future.

Launch sites

Launch outcomes

Booster landings

Ship landings

Booster Version

Ship Version

Past launches

2023

2024

2025

Future launches 
Future launches are listed chronologically when firm plans are in place. Launches are expected to take place "no earlier than" (NET) the listed date.

2025 
In a talk in November 2024, Starbase General Manager Kathy Lueders announced that SpaceX wants to catch a Starship upper stage sometime in the next 6 months and have 25 launches in 2025.

2026

2027 and beyond

See also 
 List of Starship upper stage flight tests
 List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
 List of Space Launch System launches
 List of Super Heavy boosters
 List of Starship vehicles

References

Proposed reusable launch systems
Reusable spaceflight technology
Reusable launch systems
SpaceX Starship test flights
SpaceX related lists
Sergiy Holubtsov. Sergiy Holubtsov () was the head of the Ukrainian Air Force as of August 2023.

Career
In 2006 Golubtsov was ranked a Major and attached to the 114th Tactical Aviation Brigade (Ukraine).

On 20 March 2023 Golubtsov said that the UAF's best pilots were dying as they wait for the F-16 to appear.
By April 2023 Golubtsov was ranked a Colonel and was head of aviation in the Ukrainian Air Force.
In April 2023 Golubtsov said that the F-16 platform was four or five times better than the ex-Soviet platforms in use by the PSZSU; at the same time Poland and Slovakia announced that they would supply surplus MiG-29s to Ukraine. Experts consider that the F-16 armed with the AIM-120D should outmatch Russian aircraft. Holubtsov asked for foreign pilots to fly Ukrainian combat missions as part of the International Legion (Ukraine), and he said that preliminary experience with PSZSU pilots who know English indicated that the training school could be compressed from the six months initially rumoured, however the Americans remained unconvinced.

By May 2023 Golubtsov was ranked a Brigadier General and had been promoted Chief of Aviation of the Air Force Command.
In May 2023 Golubtsov requested three or four squadrons of 12 to 16 F-16 fighters in order to achieve air superiority over Ukraine.

As of August 2023, the UAF had flown 14,000 combat air sorties since the invasion began on 24 February 2022. Golubtsov said then that he expected the training of F-16 pilots to be complete in twelve months' time. The PSZSU faced uncertainty and delay due to ambivalent allies. The Ukrainian F-16 pilots would be trained in batches of six to eight students. The F-16 combat course would last six months. Holubtsov said that his pilots are instructed in the English language as part of their professional curriculum. Romania was expected to host the F-16 school in Europe. As of August, defence minister Oleksiy Reznikov had been able to collect the signatures of 11 countries on his Air Force for Ukraine coalition memorandum: Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, and Great Britain.

On 9 June 2024 Golubtsov said that the PSZSU would soon begin testing guided air bombs, similar to the Russian FAB 500, produced in Ukraine. The spare Ukrainian F-16s will be kept in reserve on NATO territory and will be used as much as possible to train PSZSU pilots. Said Holubtsov: "We are also currently working on re-equipping and creating our own guided bombs on the basis of conventional free-fall bombs. There are some design nuances, we need to select a wing, a GPS module, and a control module. In a few weeks, we are going to start the first tests of the first batches of such bombs, which are Ukrainian."

References
Because of the Cyrllic alphabet readers may find him referenced in Latin type as Holubtsov.

Living people
Ukrainian military personnel of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Ukrainian generals
Air force generals
Recipients of the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Danylo Halytsky
Year of birth missing (living people)
Perfluoro(4-ethylcyclohexane)sulfonic acid. Perfluoro(4-ethylcyclohexane)sulfonic acid (PFEtCHxS) is a synthetic perfluorinated alkyl substance that has been used as a surfactant and in various industrial applications.

Chemical properties 
PFEtCHxS is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a high surface tension, making it suitable for use as a surfactant.

The molecule contains two chiral centers.

Applications 
PFEtCHxS has been employed in various industrial processes, including:

 Metal plating and finishing operations
 Semiconductor manufacturing
 Photolithography processes

Its surfactant properties and resistance to extreme conditions make it useful in these applications.

Environmental concerns 
Like other perfluorinated compounds, PFEtCHxS is highly persistent in the environment and has been detected in various environmental matrices, including water, soil and biota. There are concerns about its potential bioaccumulation and adverse effects on human health and ecosystems.

References

Perfluorosulfonic acids
Tongan Air Wing. The Tongan Air Wing is the aerial warfare arm of His Majesty's Armed Forces of Tonga. The Air Wing supports the surveillance of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and conducts search and rescue (SAR) operations.

History 
Tonga's first attempt to start an air wing happened in 1986, when a Victa Airtourer light aircraft was obtained. However, the aircraft was re-sold soon after. On 4 May 1996, the air wing was created successfully, with Tonga obtaining a Beech 18. In 1999, Tonga obtained a Citabria to assist with training. In 2008, a new aircraft was promised by the Chinese Ambassador to Tonga, Fan Guijin.

Aircraft

References 

Air forces by country
Military of Tonga
Regulatory Compliance Mark. The Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) is a trademarked symbol that denotes a claim that a product is safe for use in Australia and New Zealand because it satisfies applicable regulatory requirements. These requirements comprise both the requirements under the Electrical Equipment Safety System (EESS) and the Australian Communications & Media Authority (ACMA) requirements for EMC, EME, and telecommunications and wireless devices. , the EESS regulates the safety of household electrical equipment in the Australian states of Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania.

Owned by the Electrical Regulatory Authorities Council (ERAC)the peak body of electrical safety regulators in Australia and New Zealandand the ACMA, RCM use is defined by AS/NZS 4417. On 1 March 2016, the RCM became mandatory and replaced ACMA's A-tick and C-tick marks. Similar to the CE mark, the RCM is not a quality indicator nor a certification mark.

See also
China Compulsory Certificate
FCC mark
Geprüfte Sicherheit

References

External links

Consumer symbols
Product safety
Symbols introduced in 2013
2013 establishments in Australia