omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sun Wei (engineer). Sun Wei (; 20 November 1935 – 22 February 2019) was a Chinese civil engineer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).

Biography
Sun was born in Jiaozhou, Shandong, on 20 November 1935. She graduated from the Nanjing Institute of Technology (now Southeast University) in July 1958 and became a faculty member. She joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1956.  She was promoted to associate professor in 1986 and to full professor in 1991. 

She published over 400 scientific papers and five monographs. In 2005, she was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). 

She died of an illness in Nanjing, Jiangsu, on 22 February 2019.

References

1935 births
People from Qingdao
2019 deaths
Southeast University alumni
Engineers from Shandong
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Chinese civil engineers
Academic staff of Southeast University
Educators from Shandong
20th-century Chinese women engineers
21st-century Chinese women engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene. 1,3-Diisopropylbenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C6H4(CHMe2)2 (Me = CH3).  It is one of three isomeric diisopropylbenzenes.  This colorless liquid is prepared by thermal isomerization of 1,4-diisopropylbenzene over a solid acid catalyst.  It is the principal industrial precursor to resorcinol via the Hock rearrangement.

References

Alkylbenzenes
Isopropyl compounds
ROSE test. The resistivity of solvent extract (ROSE) test is a test for the presence and average concentration of soluble ionic contaminants, for example on a printed circuit board (PCB). It was developed in the early 1970s. Some manufacturers use it as part of Six Sigma processes.

Some modern fluxes have low solubility in traditional ROSE solvents such as water and isopropyl alcohol, and therefore require the use of different solvents.

References

Chemical tests
Printed circuit board manufacturing
NumWorks. NumWorks is a technology company that designs, develops, and sells graphing calculators. Their calculators are source-available and have their hardware design available under a Creative Commons license. Its first calculator, the N0100, was released on August 29, 2017, in Europe and the United States and is geared towards high school classrooms and students. The calculators use Python as their programming language, rather than a proprietary language (e.g. TI-BASIC used by Texas Instruments calculators).

Development 
Romain Goyet, the CEO of NumWorks, started the company in 2016. Before starting NumWorks, he was a software engineer at Apple who also contributed to open-source projects such as Linux.

Products 
The NumWorks graphing calculator was the first graphing calculator to be programmable using the Python language. It features a 320x240 IPS display with a 2.8″ diagonal. Internally, it is powered by a 216 MHz Cortex-M7 processor and 8 MB of Quad-SPI Flash memory. The calculator has a 1450 mAh lithium polymer battery. The calculator weights  and measures .

Four versions of the calculator were produced by NumWorks: the N0100 model, the N0110 model, the N0120 model, and the N0115 model. Technical limitations of the N0100 model's memory prevent any upgrade to an OS version higher than 19.5.17

Features 
The calculator was specifically designed to be modded using 3D printing. 3D models, schematics, and board layout details are available to the public under a Creative Commons license. The software on the calculator is updated on a monthly cycle. Updates can be downloaded to the calculator from its website using WebUSB or by building the operating system from its direct source.

The NumWorks calculator also includes an "exam mode" which removes all Python programs, resets all apps, and disables certain features. It can be disabled by plugging the calculator into a power source and selecting disable on the popup that appears.

On March 22, 2019, NumWorks released an app for iOS and Android. It features the same functionality as the physical calculator except it does not have data persistence.

References

External links 
 NumWorks official site
 

Products introduced in 2017
Graphing calculators
Programmable calculators
Avalon (MPV). UniAVALON or simply Avalon is a Sri Lankan 6×6 wheeled MRAP-type heavy armored personnel carrier manufactured by Sri Lanka Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (SLEME).

Design 
Avalon is a 6x6 Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected/Command vehicle with space for 12 troops and a crew of 2. It is capable of electronic warfare and gathering intelligence with real-time information from any terrain with a variety of cameras, drones and jammers. It is also equipped with newer blast protection seats developed jointly with the Moratuwa University.

It is designed to operate in the sandy terrain in Mali and is heavily armored with a V-shaped crew compartment and flat regions of the body are covered in slat armour giving the vehicle protection against IED explosions, small arms attacks and RPGs. It can also be synced with a command center that allows the ground commander to monitor the surroundings using 360 degree cameras, and can launch short/medium ranged drones to maintain real-time visuals/communications with base commander.

Production history 
The first batch of 12 vehicles were initially scheduled for delivery in June 2019 for the Sri Lanka Army contingent for the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali. But the official unveiling was done in December 2020 during the opening of the new SLEME Workshop in Kosgama.

See also
 Unibuffel
 Unicorn APC
 Unicob

References

Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Post–Cold War military equipment of Sri Lanka
Military vehicles introduced in the 2020s
Vehicles of Sri Lanka
Thales Electronic Systems GmbH. Thales Electronic Systems GmbH, formerly Thales Defence & Security Systems GmbH, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Thales Group. The company holds a number of patents related to ion propulsion and produces a number of electronic components.

The company participated in three projects of the ARTES programme:

 AIN - developing aluminium nitride traveling-wave tube.
 Q100W - for 100W Q-Band traveling-wave tube.
 VHPS FO - developing light, very high power, 500W S band traveling-wave tube.

Products
 HEMPT 3050

References

Thales Group divisions and subsidiaries
Companies based in Ditzingen
Cyanoethylation. Cyanoethylation is a process for the attachment of CH2CH2CN group to another organic substrate. The method is used in the synthesis of organic compounds.

Cyanoethylation entails addition of protic nucleophiles to acrylonitrile.  Typical protic nucleophiles are alcohols, thiols, and amines.  Two new bonds form: C-H and C-X (X = carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc):

The β-carbon atom that is furthest from the nitrile group is positively polarized and therefore binds the heteroatom on the nucleophile. Acrylonitrile is a Michael acceptor. The reaction is normally catalyzed by a base.

Cyanethylation is used to prepared numerous commercial chemicals.  Detailed laboratory procedures are available for several variants of this reaction.
Cyanoethylation of amines.
Cyanoethylation of phosphines.
Cyanoethylation of carbon nucleophiles.  In one commercial example, acetone is cyanoethylated to give the keto hexanenitrile, a precursor to 2-methylpyridine.

An alternative method for cyanoethylation entails alkylation of the substrate with 3-chloropropionitrile.

De-cyanoethylation
Cyanoethyl is a protecting group.  It is removed by treatment with base:
RNuCH2CH2CN  +  OH−  →  RNu−  +  CH2=CHCN  +  H2O
This methodology is popular in the synthesis of oligonucleotides.

References 

Chemical reactions
OpenDroneMap. OpenDroneMap is an open source photogrammetry toolkit to process aerial imagery (usually from a drone) into maps and 3D models. The software is hosted and distributed freely on GitHub.

OpenDroneMap has been integrated within American Red Cross's in-field Portable OpenStreetMap system.

Overview 

OpenDroneMap can be controlled either from a command-line interface or through a web interface (WebODM). It is recommended to run OpenDroneMap using Docker.

OpenDroneMap uses OpenSfM and other libraries to perform the specific tasks in its workflow. Before processing the images, it can lower their resolution in order to save computational resources. OpenDroneMap uses the OpenSfM library to detect and match features, create tracks and determine their 3D positions along with the positions of the cameras. Then it uses the OpenMVS library to generate a dense point cloud from which it generates meshes. After that, the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library and the Point Data Abstraction Library are used for orthomosaic generation and georeferencing.

OpenDroneMap can also process aerial videos by cutting them into still images.

Performance 

OpenDroneMap supports parallel computing and can utilize GPUs. It has a split-merge feature, which significantly reduces the performance, but allows computers with small amount of RAM to process large datasets. The official recommendation is to use 128 GB of memory to process 2500 images. If local system resources are inadequate to process a given dataset, the WebODM interface can also offload processing to the WebODM Lightning cloud service. 

It was determined that the optimal number of CPU cores for large datasets is 20, and there is little to no performance gain beyond 20 cores.

References 

Photogrammetry software
Free software programmed in Python
Cross-platform free software
Software using the GNU Affero General Public License
WKF 80.04. The WKF 80.04 was a prototype Austro-Hungarian reconnaissance aircraft built in the final months of World War I.

Development
80.04 was a biplane whose fuselage featured a hexagonal cross-section. Only one prototype was built.

Specifications

References

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
WKF D.I. The WFK D.I (series 85) was a fighter aircraft built in Austria-Hungary in the final months of World War I.

Operational history
The KuKLFT placed an order for 48 D.Is. However, only two aircraft were delivered by the time of the Armistice, and the rest were finished in December 1918-January 1919.

Specifications (80.06b)

References

1910s Austro-Hungarian fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Robomart. Robomart is an American technology company headquartered in Santa Monica, California that builds autonomous smart shops for cafes, ice cream parlors, and quick-service restaurants. The company’s white label platform gives retailers the option to expand their footprint at a significantly lower cost than traditional brick-and-mortar real-estate.

Robomarts are equipped with a proprietary checkout-free system, temperature controlled compartments, sensors for autonomous operation, and external cameras for added security.

The company licenses its technology and white label applications to retailers who manage their fleet of stores and deploy them to their consumers’ locations. After consumers have taken goods from the robomart, their order is automatically calculated, their card on file is charged and they are sent a receipt.

The company has announced partnerships with Unilever, Mars, and Fatty Mart.

History 

Robomart was founded by Ali Ahmed, Tigran Shahverdyan, and Emad Suhail Rahim. The company debuted at CES 2018 where it unveiled its concept of a self-driving store.

At GITEX 2018 the company presented its first functional prototype of a fully driverless Robomart. At the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show the company demonstrated the technology behind its autonomous stores and checkout-free shopping experience.

In January 2019, Robomart announced its first partnership with U.S. grocery chain Stop & Shop to test its driverless stores.

In December 2020, Robomart deployed the Pharmacy Robomart in a trial in West Hollywood.

In June 2021, the company launched its commercial service with a fleet of Pharmacy and Snacks Robomarts operating within West Hollywood and Central Hollywood.

In August 2023, Robomart announced a $2 million seed round, putting its to-date funding at $3.4 million.

Partnerships 
In September 2019, Robomart partnered with Avery Dennison to source the RFID tags used to enable its checkout-free shopping experience. In December 2020, Robomart partnered with Zeeba Vans to provide vehicles for its growing fleet. In June 2021, Robomart partnered with REEF Technology to provide inventory management and restocking services. In addition, REEF's Light Speed grocery division serves as the first merchant selling products through Robomart.

Products 
The company currently offers three Robomart types. The frozen Robomart that stocks ice cream, the refrigerated Robomart that stocks perishable foods, and the ambient Robomart that stocks shelf-stable goods.

References

External links

Robotics
Retail processes and techniques
Internet properties established in 2017
Retail companies established in 2017
Companies based in Los Angeles
2017 establishments in California
Welch OW-1. The Welch OW-1 and the similar OW-2 were American three-seat open biplanes designed by Orin Welch in the late 1920s.
The OW-1 was powered with a  Curtiss OX-5 and the OW-2 was powered by a  Hispano-Suiza 8A, both of which were water-cooled V-8 aero engines.
Four OW-1s were built (NC817, NC4205, NC5105, NC6838), one of which was converted into the first of two OW-2s. The first OW-2 was later modified into a 5 seater, before being destroyed in a hangar fire in November 1929. The second OW-2 was given the civil registration NC11142.

Specifications

References

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Azure Kinect. The Azure Kinect DK is a discontinued developer kit and PC peripheral which employs the use of artificial intelligence sensors for computer vision and speech models, and is connected to the Microsoft Azure cloud.  It is the successor to the Microsoft Kinect line of sensors.

The kit includes a 12 megapixel RGB camera supplemented by 1 megapixel-depth camera for body tracking, a 360-degree seven-microphone array and an orientation sensor. The sensor is based on the depth sensor presented during 2018 ISSCC.

While the previous iterations of Microsoft's Kinect primarily focused on gaming, this device is targeted towards other markets such as logistics, robotics, health care, and retail. With the kit, developers can create applications connected to Microsoft's cloud and AI technologies. The Azure Kinect is used in volumetric capture workflows through the use of software tools that can connect many Azure Kinects into one volumetric capture rig, allowing users to create interactive virtual reality experiences with human performances.

The Azure Kinect was announced on February 24, 2019, in Barcelona at the MWC. It was released in the US in March 2020, and in the UK, Germany, and Japan in April 2020.

Microsoft announced that the Azure Kinect hardware kit would be discontinued in October 2023, and referred users to third party suppliers for spare parts.

References

External links
 

Microsoft video game hardware
Microsoft cloud services
SFCA Lignel 31. The SFCA Lignel 31 was a French, single engine, low wing monoplane, one of a series of this type built by SFCA in the 1930s. It was  capable of aerobatics but was primarily a racing aircraft.

Specifications

References

SFCA aircraft
1930s French sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
SFAN 11. The SFAN 11 was an observation aircraft built in France in the early 1940s.

It was a two-seat, high-wing monoplane with a twin tail, and powered by a  Renault 6Q engine, designed to meet a 1938 French requirement for an observation and artillery liaison aircraft capable of Short takeoff and landing.

Specifications

References

 

High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Solventogenesis. Solventogenesis is the biochemical production of solvents (usually acetone and butanol) by Clostridium species. It is the second phase of ABE fermentation.

Process 
Solventogenic Clostridium species have a biphasic metabolism composed of an acidogenic phase and a solventogenic phase.  During acidogenesis, these bacteria are able to convert several carbon sources into organic acids, commonly butyrate and acetate.  As acid accumulates, cells begin to assimilate the organic acids to solvents. In Clostridium acetobutylicum, a model solventogenic Clostridium species, a combination of low pH and high undisociated butyrate, referred to as the "pH-acid effect", triggers the metabolic shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis.

Products 
Acetone, butanol, and ethanol are the most common products of solventogenesis.  Some species such as Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium puniceum and Clostridium roseum are able to further reduce acetone to isopropanol.  Several species are able to produce additional solvents under various culture conditions.  For example, glycerol fermentation results in the production of 1,3-propanediol in several species. Acetoin is produced by several species and is further reduced to 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium beijerinckii.

List of Solventogenic Clostridium

References 

Solvents
Biochemistry
Clostridia
Clostridium
Fermentation
Loening C-5. The Loening C-5 was an American amphibious aircraft built by Loening in the 1930s.

Design
The C-5, a small amphibian based on the Loening XSL-2, was larger in size and featured an enclosed a cabin. The engine was cowled to reduce drag. One C-5 was built (civil registration X813W), flying in 1934.

Specifications

References

C-5
Flying boats
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Loening R-4. The Loening R-4 was a racer aircraft built by Loening in the early 1920s.

Design
The R-4 featured a low-wing monoplane layout, and the Packard engine weighed three times the size of the aircraft and took up a quarter length of the R-4, nicknamed the "flying engine". Both R-4 racers (AS68559 and AS68560) were entered in the 1922 Pulitzer Trophy race with poor results, being reported as "almost total flops".

Operators

United States Army Air Service

Specifications

References

 

1920s United States sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
R-4
Rubik R-11b Cimbora. The Rubik R-11b Cimbora () was a Hungarian two seat glider, first flown in 1940 and intended to introduce B-certificated pilots to aero-towing techniques. It proved popular and was also used to train pilots in ridge lift flying and set several national duration records.

Development

In 1939 there was a call from the Aeroclub of the fhe Technical University for a two-seat glider on which intermediate level pilots could learn the skills required for aerotowing. Ernő Rubik responded with the F-11 Gólya (Stork) built, like several of his designs, by Aero Ever Kft. Its first flight was on 9 May 1940. A combination of flight test results and tightening regulations lead to three more prototypes, the R-11a, R-11b and R11b1. Details of the differences between them are sparse but it was the R-11b, renamed the Cimbora that went into production in 1941.

Design

The R-11 was a glider with a high, swept, strut-braced wing. The half-wings were built around two spars. Swept at 7.5°, they had constant chord out to rounded tips. Slotted ailerons occupied more than half the span. The wings were supported centrally over the fuselage by a longitudinal pair of inward-leaning steel N-struts from the upper fuselage longerons, joined at their tops and braced outboard by a pair of steel struts on each side from the lower fuselage longerons to the wing spars. On the R-11a Gólya, these were V-struts but the R-11b had instead a near-parallel pair, splaying outwards a little from top to bottom.

Apart from rounded upper decking the ply-covered fuselage was flat-sided, built around longerons and frames. The student's cockpit was under the wing leading edge with a removable cover incorporating a windscreen and the instructor sat under the rear wing in an open cockpit over the centre of gravity (cg) with its own windscreen, accessed via an upwardly hinged upper fuselage section. On the underside a landing skid ran from the nose to below the front of the instructor's cockpit. Aft of it, but ahead of the cg. there was a semi-exposed monowheel. The fuselage tapered rearwards to the tail, where the R-11's strut-braced tailplane was placed on top of the fuselage just ahead of a small, tapered fin. The tailplane and elevators together were tapered in plan out to rounded tips. The full, rounded, balanced rudder reached down to the keel, behind a small tailskid.

Operational history

As well as providing aerotowing training, the Cimbora was used to train pilots in ridge-flying techniques, a style which encouraged duration record attempts. The longest in Hungary lasted 25 hr 7 min, flown by Géza Vass and Endre Lacza in August 1948. R-11bs remained in use into the 1950s. A 1984 replica, HA-5035, based at Budaörs Airport, remained active at least to 2016 but is currently deregistered.

Specifications

References

Aircraft first flown in 1940
1940s Hungarian sailplanes
Rubik aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft