Center for the Simulation of Advanced Rockets. The Center for Simulation of Advanced Rockets (CSAR) is an interdisciplinary research group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and is part of the United States Department of Energy's Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. CSAR's goal is to accurately predict the performance, reliability, and safety of solid propellant rockets.

CSAR was founded in 1997 as part of the Department of Energy's Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. The goal of this program is to "enable accurate prediction of the performance, reliability, and safety of complex physical systems through computational simulation." CSAR extends this motive into the realm of solid rocket propellants, specifically those used by the Space Shuttle.

CSAR aims to be able to simulate entire rocket systems, under normal and abnormal situations. This involves highly accurate modeling of components and dynamics of fuel flow and other environmental factors. Modeling this requires large computational power, on the order of thousands of processors. Development of the computational infrastructure is critical in achieving their goal.

Areas of research 
There are several fields researched by CSAR. Physical simulations are implemented in CSAR's Rocstar software suite.
Fluids and combustion - The study of how a rocket's fuels are ignited and directed in such a way as to provide thrust.
 Multiphase Flow
 Turbulence Modeling
 Multiscale Acceleration (via "time zooming")
 Propellant Morphology/characterization
 Propellant combustion modeling
 Structures and Materials - Analysis of the physical structure of a rocket
 Constitutive and damage modeling
 Crack propagation
 Multiscale materials modeling
 Molecular modeling of material interfaces
 Space-time discontinuous Galerkin Methods
 Computer Science - Development of advanced simulation and visualization tools
 Parallel programming environments
 Parallel I/O
 Parallel performance modeling and prediction
 Meshing
 Hybrid geometric/topological mesh partitioner
 Visualization
 System Integration - Bringing the available tools and resources together in an efficient manner
 Object-oriented integration framework
 Flexible parallel orchestration
 Stable component coupling and time-stepping
 Accurate and conservative data transfer based on common refinement
 Stable and efficient surface propagation
 Uncertainty Quantification - Determining accuracy and confidence in simulation results
 Clustering techniques for sampling-based Uncertainty Quantification

Computation environment 
Physical simulations are performed using CSAR's Rocstar suite of numerical solver applications. Rocstar was built by CSAR, and is designed to run efficiently on massively parallel computers. Implementation of Rocstar is done in MPI and is entirely compatible with Adaptive MPI. Rocstar is currently in its third version, Rocstar 3. Documentation on using Rocstar 3 is available through a User's Guide.

CSAR uses a number of supercomputing resources for their simulations. Along with CSAR, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications is located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. CSAR takes advantage of the computing environment provided by NCSA for many simulations. The university's department of Computational Science and Engineering has a supercomputing cluster known as Turing, which is also utilized by CSAR.

The computation environment used by CSAR takes advantage of work done by the University of Illinois' Parallel Programming Lab, in particular Charm++ and Adaptive MPI. These parallel programming frameworks allow for application development that scales easily to thousands of processors, which allows for highly complex computations to finish quickly. The Run-time system employed by both Charm++ and AMPI has two primary features that are used by CSAR's software: load-balancing, which helps improve performance by keeping work distributed evenly across all processors, and checkpointing, which allows a lengthy computation to be saved and restarted without having to start over.

Using these highly parallel tools, CSAR's developers have built a number of components which are able to simulate various physical phenomena related to rocket propulsion. Combined, they provide a complete simulation environment. Below is a list of all the Rocstar modules and links to their respective users guides.

Events 
 On 11–12 June 2007, UIUC's Computational Science and Engineering department, home of CSAR, hosted a workshop on Uncertainty Quantification. Over 40 people attended, and lectures were given by Habib Najm and Nicholas J. Zabaras.
 On 13 July 2007, CSAR held their International Symposium on Solid Rocket Modeling and Simulation, which featured speakers from CSAR, Japan's JAXA, and France's SNPE

References 

Rockets and missiles
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign centers and institutes
1997 establishments in Illinois