omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NZR L class. The NZR L class were a series of ten small tank engines built in England for the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) during the early years of the development of New Zealand's railway network.

Origin and design

The L class were designed to provide improved performance over the successful F class on faster passenger services and were built by the Avonside Engine Co. All entered service in 1878 and were used on important passenger trains on the Auckland and Wellington Sections. Although the G class, designed with a similar purpose in mind suffered from poor adhesion, the L was more successful in terms of performance. They were used intensively and provided solid service, although they were not used on passenger services for long due to their small size.

Modifications 

NZR began an intensive programme of rebuilding older tank locomotives to attempt to extract improved performance. Parts from seven locomotives were used in this programme, being initially fitted with a leading bogie turning them into LA Class s then later with larger coal bunkers to s. The remaining three unmodified locomotives were sold to the Public Works Department (PWD) in the early 1900s.

Sales and disposals

While all of the rebuilt L class had been officially withdrawn by 1939, the three unmodified locomotives sold to the PWD went on to have much longer careers. No. 507 (formerly 207 in NZR service) was sold to the Taranaki Harbour Board in 1931, and numbers 508 and 509 (formerly 208 and 219) were sold to Wilson's Portland Cement, an industrial plant south of Whangārei. All three ended up working at Portland until the 1970s, when they were around 95 years old. They were then all donated for preservation where all three remain operational.

Preserved locomotives

Three L Class locomotives have been preserved:
 L 207 - Museum of Transport and Technology Operational, took part in North Island Main Trunk centennial celebrations in 2008
 L 208 - ShantyTown Operational, named Gertie
 L 219 - Silver Stream Railway Operational, took part in North Island Main Trunk centennial celebrations in 2008

See also
 NZR F class
 NZR FA / FB
 NZR G class (1874)
 NZR LA class
 Locomotives of New Zealand

References

Citations

Bibliography 

 
W.G.Lloyd (2002), Register of New Zealand Railways Steam Locomotives 1863 - 1971, Otago Railway & Locomotive Society/Triple M Publications

External links
Photos of L Class locos

Steam locomotives of New Zealand
2-4-0T locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1877
3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
Malcolm C. Smith. Malcolm Clive Smith is a British electrical engineer.  He is a professor of control engineering at the University of Cambridge.  He is notable for his contributions to feedback control and systems theory.  He is also the inventor of the inerter, used in mechanical network synthesis.

Career
Smith studied at the University of Cambridge (BA 1978, MPhil 1979, PhD 1982); his doctoral thesis was entitled "A Generalised Nyquist/Root-Locus Theory for Multi-Loop Feedback Systems". He worked in various research and academic posts, becoming an assistant professor at Ohio State University.  In 1990, he moved to the University of Cambridge where he became a professor of control engineering and a fellow of Gonville and Caius College.

Smith's research has dealt with both theoretical contributions to control and practical applications, particularly in the automotive and motorsport domains.  A notable contribution was the development of the inerter,' which removed some of the previous limitations on passive network synthesis.  When awarding him a fellowship, the IEEE cited Smith's 'contributions to feedback control and systems theory'.

As of early 2014, Smith is head of the Control Group within the University of Cambridge's Department of Engineering.

Awards
Smith has received the following notable awards:
 A Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering, awarded in 2012.
 A Fellowship of the IEEE, awarded in 2002.

See also
 Inerter (mechanical networks)

References

Further reading

Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Engineering
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British electrical engineers
Control theorists
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
PAS754. BS PAS 754:2014 is a British Standards Institution (BSI) software Publicly Available Specification, published in May 2014. BS PAS 754:2014 was withdrawn following the publication of BS 10754-1:2018 in February 2018.

The PAS defines the overall principles for effective software trustworthiness, and includes technical, physical, cultural and behavioral measures alongside effective leadership and governance. It also identifies the necessary tools, techniques and processes and addresses safety, reliability, availability, security and resilience issues.

Structure of the standard
The official title of the standard is "Software Trustworthiness – Governance and management – Specification".

PAS 754:2014 has seven main clauses, plus three annexes, which cover:
0. Introduction
1. Scope
2. Normative References
3. Terms, definitions and acronyms
4. Approach
5. Concepts
6. Principles
Annex A. System Lifecycle
Annex B. Techniques
Bibliography

Development
The development of PAS754 has been led by the Trustworthy Software Initiative, a UK government sponsored Public Good activity aimed at Making Software Better.

The following organizations were involved in the development of this specification: Atkins Group; BIS; CPNI; Certification Europe; De Montfort University; Group 5 Training; IET; Microsoft (UK); MISRA; Nexor; Oxford Brookes University; QinetiQ; TechUK and University of Warwick.

References

British Standards
Information assurance standards
Information technology in the United Kingdom
Alia Royal Jordanian Flight 600. Alia Royal Jordanian Flight 600 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Queen Alia International Airport, Jordan, to Seeb International Airport, Muscat, Oman, via Doha International Airport in Qatar. On 14 March 1979, the flight, carrying 49 passengers and 15 crew members, was being operated by a Boeing 727 when, while carrying out a missed approach to Runway 33 at Doha at night, it flew into a thunderstorm, causing the aircraft to drop  into the ground killing 41 passengers and 4 crew. The crash remains the deadliest aviation accident in the history of Qatar.

Investigation
The accident was due to the encounter with a downburst related to the thunderstorm and the effects of which exceeded the performance capability of the aircraft.

Aircraft
The aircraft was a three-engined Boeing 727-2D3 jet airliner registered JY-ADU with Boeing line number 1061, it first flew on 26 July 1974 in the United States and was delivered to Alia Royal Jordanian on 14 August 1974.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
 ASN report

Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by microbursts
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 727
Aviation accidents and incidents in Qatar
Royal Jordanian accidents and incidents
1979 in Qatar
March 1979 in Asia
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by clear air turbulence
Vijayan Nair. Vijayan (Vijay) N. Nair is currently Head of the Statistical Learning and Advanced Computing Group in Corporate Model Risk at Wells Fargo. He was Donald A. Darling Collegiate Professor of Statistics and Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor from 1993 to 2017. He served as Chair of the Statistics Department at Michigan from 1998 to 2010 (sabbatical in 2003–04). Vijay was instrumental in launching the Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS) and was recognized as a Distinguished Scientist by MIDAS. Prior to joining Michigan, he spent 15 years as a research scientist in the Mathematical Sciences Research Center at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey.

Vijay received his undergraduate degree in Economics from the University of Malaya, Malaysia and his PhD in Statistics from the University of California, Berkeley. He has published on a wide range of topics in statistical methodology and inference, engineering statistics, network tomography, reliability, design and analysis of experiments, behavioral intervention, and quality Improvement. His current research interests include risk modeling and machine learning.

Professional recognition
Vijay served as President of the International Statistical Institute from 2013 to 2015 and President of the International Society for Business and Industrial Statistics during 2011–2013. He has been elected as Fellow of American Statistical Association, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, American Society for Quality and American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was co-editor-in-chief of the International Statistical Review from 2010 to 2015 and 1994 to 1998. He was also editor of Technometrics from 1990 to 1992. He was the Gosset Lecturer at the World Statistics Congress in Marrakech in 2017, the Deming Lecturer at the Joint Statistical Meetings in 2013, the Isabel Loutit Lecturer at the Statistical Society of Canada Meetings in 2008, and the Youden Memorial Lecturer at the Fall Technical Conference in 2007. Vijay served as Chair of the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Statistical Sciences from 2004 to 2008. The conference "From Industrial Statistics to Data Science" was held during October 1–3, 2015 in Ann Arbor to recognize his contributions.

References

 Vijay Nair's home page
 University of Michigan Faculty
 International Statistical Institute
 International Society for Business and Industrial Statistics
  Vijay Nair  on Mathematics Genealogy Project

University of Michigan faculty
American statisticians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
University of Malaya alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Presidents of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
21st-century American mathematicians
Scientists at Bell Labs
Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1. The Kortenbach & Rauh Kora 1 was an unusual twin boom, pusher configuration motor glider, designed and built in Germany in the 1970s and intended as a training aircraft.

Design and development

The Kora was a two-seat side by side motorglider, intended as a trainer.  Its long span, high aspect ratio wing gave it a respectable gliding performance.  The overall layout was unusual, with a central pod fuselage in front of a pusher configuration engine and with its empennage on twin tail booms.  It had a powered aircraft style tricycle undercarriage.

The Kora was an all-wood aircraft and its constructors, Kortenbach & Rauh, were best known as furniture makers.  It had a cantilever high wing with a constant chord centre section and tapered outer panels.  Schempp-Hirth airbrakes opened over the upper, inner wing surfaces from mid-chord. The central pod was broad, housing a cockpit  wide under a starboard-side opening, two piece canopy which reached from the wing leading edge almost to the nose.  Instructor and pupil sat side-by-side, with the  Limbach SL 1700EC1 air cooled flat four piston engine behind them, where the wing became broader to allow propeller clearance.

Two slender, tapering booms ran rearwards from the wing, each ending at a straight edged fin which tapered both above and below it.  A tapered, straight edged tailplane was carried on top of the fins, projecting outwards. The rudders and one piece elevator were rectangular.

Two prototypes were built, the first flying ion 13 September 1973. This had a fully retracting tricycle undercarriage with mainwheels retracting rearwards into the tail booms and the nosewheel rearwards into the fuselage pod.  The second prototype, which flew in 1976, retained the retractable nosewheel but had fixed, spatted mainwheels on thin, cantilever, spring steel legs mounted on the lower fuselage to save weight and reduce complexity. The extra drag reduced the glide angle from 31.4 to 30 and increased the minimum sink rate from  to .

The second prototype was still undergoing flight tests early in 1978, when no decision on production had been reached despite orders for some twelve aircraft.  It remained on the German civil aircraft register in 2010.

Specifications (fixed undercarriage)

References

Motor gliders
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
1970s German sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1973
High-wing aircraft
Jan Maciejowski. Jan M. Maciejowski is a British electrical engineer. He is Professor Emeritus of Control Engineering at the University of Cambridge. He is notable for his contributions to system identification and control.

Career
Maciejowski retired in November 2018.

Awards
 Fellowship of the IEEE, awarded in 2011. Gained a Stand in 2016

See also
 Control reconfiguration
 Autonomous robot
 Model predictive control
 System identification

Moritz

Further reading
 

Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Engineering
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Sussex
British electrical engineers
Control theorists
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cordemais Power Station. The Cordemais Power Station is a thermal power station in France. It has two coal-fired units with a capacity of 600 MW each. It previously had three oil-fired units; a 585 MW generating unit that was decommissioned in 1996 and two 700 MW generating unit decommissioned in 2017 and 2018  

The station is in the western part of France at Cordemais in the department of Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire. With an annual electricity production of 1.69 TWh in 2022 it is an important source of electricity supply for Brittany represents 6% of the electricity production of the region.

It has four chimneys, two of which at , are some of the tallest structures in France. It is fully owned by the French energy giant Électricité de France.

The station consumes between 1.3 and 2 million tonnes of coal per year. The coal, imported from South Africa, Poland, the United States and Australia, arrives at port facilities at Montoir-de-Bretagne and is conveyed to the power station by barge.

History
The Cordemais power station was commissioned in 1970 with a single oil-fired generating unit with a nameplate capacity of 585 MW. It was extended in 1976 with another two oil-fired units of 700 MW each, and in 1983 with one coal-fired unit of 600 MW. Its last expansion, another 600 MW coal-fired unit, was added in 1984. The station then functioned at a capacity of 3,185 MW until 1996, when the 1970s-built unit was decommissioned. In 2017 then in 2018, the other two oil-fired groups were decommissioned, resulting in its current capacity of 1,200 MW.

See also 

 List of tallest structures in France
 List of power stations in France

References 

Coal-fired power stations in France
1970 establishments in France
Copenhagen Waterworks. Copenhagen Waterworks (Danish: ) opened in 1859 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Located in Studiestræde, between Axeltorv and H. C. Andersens Boulevard, it was Denmark's first waterworks and continued operations until 1951. The complex was designated an Industrial Heritage Site in 2007 and listed in 2010. The former engine house is now home to concert venue Pumpehuset. The other buildings house a daycare.

History

Until the second half of the 19th century, Copenhagen's water supply was based on surface water from Damhus Lake. A dam on Harrestrup Å at Roskilde Road made it possible to lead water through Grøndalsåen and Ladegårdsåen to Sortedam and Peblinge Lakes.

Copenhagen Waterworks was one of the first buildings to be built outside Copenhagen's old city walls. The arrangement of the individual buildings, which appears random today, resulted from construction on a former ravelin. A commission was set up in 1847 to investigate possible improvements of Copenhagen's water supply but it took the 1853 Copenhagen cholera outbreak to make the politicians take action. The British company Cochrane & Co. was charged with the design and construction and overall design of the system while the architect Niels Sigfred Nebelong designed the individual buildings. Cochrane & Co. had previously also constructed of the city's first gasworks. Carlsberg founder J. C. Jacobsen laid the foundation stone on 16 May 1857 and the waterworks was inaugurated on 9 August 1859.

The new pumping station contained three large steam engines which drove the pumps. They produced a combined capacity of 300 hp. It extracted water from the lakes around Copenhagen as well as ground water and used an elevation reservoir in Søndermarken. The capacity was increased in 1875 and 1889. The waterworks ceased operations in 1951.

Architecture
The original buildings are all built in yellow brick with arched windows and have slate roofs. The pumping station is located in the centre of the site and consists of a two-storey machine house and a one-storey boiler house that are attached to each other as well as a small coal house on the south side of the boiler house. The chimney is from 1929. It was originally  high but it was shortened by  for security reasons.

The other buildings are residences for the inspector and technical employees, a half-timbered gatehouse (1887, Ludvig Fenger) and three administration buildings, the youngest of which is from 1951.

Today
The music venue Pumpehuset has used the central pumping station since 1987. The other buildings are under transformation into a kindergarten.

References

1859 establishments in Denmark
Buildings and structures completed in 1859
Waterworks
Niels Sigfred Nebelong buildings
Water supply infrastructure in Denmark
ICP Amigo. The ICP Amigo () is an Italian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by ICP srl of Piovà Massaia. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Production was ended and, as of January 2013, the Amigo is no longer listed by ICP as one of their current products.

Design and development
The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum sheet. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Rotax 912 four stroke powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot, passenger and baggage is .

Specifications (Amigo)

See also
HB-Flugtechnik Amigo, a different aircraft with the same model name

References

External links
Photo of ICP Amigo

Cougar 001
1990s Italian sport aircraft
1990s Italian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Eric S. Roberts. Eric S. Roberts is an American computer scientist noted for his contributions to computer science education through textbook authorship and his leadership in computing curriculum development. He is a co-chair of the ACM Education Council, former co-chair of the ACM Education Board, and a former member of the SIGCSE Board. He led the Java task force in 1994. He was a Professor emeritus at Stanford University. He currently teaches at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon.

Education
Roberts received an A. B. in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1973. He received an S. M. in applied mathematics from Harvard University in June 1974
and a Ph.D in applied mathematics from  Harvard University in 1980.

Career and research
He joined the Department of Computer Science at Wellesley College as an assistant professor in 1980. In 1984–1985 he was a visiting lecturer in Computer Science at Harvard University. In 1990 he was an associate professor at Stanford University and promoted to professor (teaching) of Computer Science in 1990. In 2018, he joined Reed College as a visiting professor of computer science. In 2020, he joined Willamette University as the Mark and Melody Teppola Presidential Distinguished Visiting Professor.

While at Stanford he has also held several other positions such as associate chair and director of undergraduate studies from 1997 to 2002, and senior associate dean for student affairs from 2001 to 2003.

Roberts has written several introductory computer science textbooks, including

 Thinking Recursively

 The Art and Science of C

 Programming Abstractions in C

 Thinking Recursively with Java

 The Art and Science of Java

Awards

Roberts has several notable awards in computer science.

 SIGCSE Award for Lifetime Service to Computer Science Education

 ACM Karl V. Karlstrom   Outstanding Educator Award in 2012.

 IEEE Computer Society’s 2012 Taylor L. Booth Education Award.

 Elected ACM Fellow in 2007.

References

American computer scientists
American computer science educators
Stanford University Department of Computer Science faculty
2007 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Wellesley College faculty
People from Durham, North Carolina
Aerial Assist. Aerial Assist was the 2014 FIRST Robotics Competition game.

Kickoff
The Kickoff event was held on January 4, 2014. Speakers included Dean Kamen and Woodie Flowers. It was broadcast on NASA TV beginning at 10:30 EST.

Rules

In the game, the alliances win via getting the scoring elements (2'-diameter exercise balls) into the scoring areas located on the far end of the field. 
The game starts with each robots in either the White Zone (center field) or the goalie zones. They can be preloaded with 1 game ball prior to the start. The match begins with a 10-second autonomous period, where robots use the pre-programmed instructions to score points. Said points are worth 5 more during the Autonomous period, and one goal will be lit up ("hot") during each half. That goal is worth 5 additional points, for a maximum total of a 10-point bonus. In addition, every robot that moves from the center to their own side of the field earns another five point bonus. 
When Tele-op starts, the teams take control of their respective robots. The cycle starts when a human player transfers a ball onto the playing field. The robots can then do either the basic goal score (take the ball to the other end of the field), or assist them in doing so. The recipient of the latter will earn bonus points (2 assists=10 points, 3 assists=30 points). Throwing the ball over the truss (the midpoint overhang) when transferring, a la volleyball, will add 10 additional points. Having an alliance partner catch it will earn 10 more points. A robot in the goalie zones can block shots via extending upwards.

Events

Regionals

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Districts

State/Regional Championships

World Championship

Final Round at Einstein Field
Source:

References

External links
Official game animation

FIRST Robotics Competition games
2014 in robotics