omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Larry Harris (computer scientist). Larry R. Harris is an American researcher and businessperson. He is best known for his work in artificial intelligence, and is founder of the companies AICorp and EasyAsk, originally known as Linguistic Technology Corporation.

Early life and career
Harris was born in 1947. He received his PhD from Cornell University in 1970, where his dissertation was entitled A Model for Adaptive Problem Solving Applied to Natural Language Acquisition. It focused on the process of how a robot might learn a language's vocabulary and grammar from exploring a room receiving commentary from a human. He then became an assistant professor, and later an associate professor, of Mathematics at Dartmouth College, and developed the first computer educational programs at the university. In 1973 he developed the Dartmouth Computer Chess Program, where he led a team of undergraduates to develop a computer chess program that competed in national computer chess tournaments. Harris also worked in helping machines solve language problems. As a researcher, he studied the area of Natural Language Data Base Query, providing the ability to ask ordinary English questions about the contents of computer databases. The research system was named ROBOT. Early papers of his were published in journals including the International Journal of Man-Machine Studies and the Journal of Cybernetics. In 1977 Harris was a visiting professor at the MIT AI Lab.

Business career
Harris cofounded Artificial Intelligence Corporation (later known as AICorp) in 1975, serving as CEO and chairman, where he developed the mainframe product, INTELLECT, which was available for purchase as of 1981, and became a widely used natural language mainframe interface product in the early 1980s. The system used a basic lexicon of 400 words automatically augmented by the words and names in the database itself. In 1983, Intellect became the first software product created by an outside vendor to be sold by IBM. Through the product, Harris became one of the first entrepreneurs to make a profit based on artificial intelligence technology. In 1988 he also co-developed the Knowledge-Base Management System (KBMS), which enabled an inference engine to reason over information stored in relational databases. AICorp went public in 1990, trading on the NASDAQ. In 1994, Harris founded Linguistic Technology Corporation, which did business as EasyAsk, which enabled English language questions to be asked on personal computers about information in databases or on the internet. In 2005 EasyAsk was acquired by Progress Software.  From 1995 to 2005, Harris served on the board of directors for Progress Software.

Books
In 1986 Harris co-authored the book Artificial Intelligence Enters the Marketplace with D.B. Davis, which discussed the early commercial possibilities within the artificial intelligence industry.

References

1947 births
Living people
American company founders
American writers
American artificial intelligence researchers
Computer chess people
Cornell University alumni
Dartmouth College faculty
Symbotic. Symbotic Inc. is an American robotics warehouse automation company based in Wilmington, Massachusetts.

The company builds and operates automated warehouse systems for clients in the United States and Canada, using artificial intelligence in its software. The software is used by 1,400 stores, with customers in the grocery, retail and wholesale industries, including C&S Wholesale Grocers, Albertsons, Giant Tiger, Target, and Walmart.

History
The company was founded in 2007 as CasePick Systems. In January 2012, the company was renamed Symbotic.

In 2014, Target adopted Symbotic’s technology rather than building a new distribution center in Woodland, California.

In 2017, Symbotic began working with Walmart at their distribution center in Brooksville, Florida, where the company’s automated technology was deployed to sort, store, retrieve and pack freight onto pallets. In the same year, the company also began working with Albertsons.

In July 2021, Walmart began introducing Symbotic robots to 25 additional regional distribution centers. 

In December 2021, the company announced it was going public through a merger with SVF Investment Corp. 3, a special-purpose acquisition company sponsored by an affiliate of SoftBank Investment Advisers.

Products and services
Symbotic’s autonomous robots can travel up to 25 miles per hour, move up and down, and drop off or retrieve one case of products per minute. In contrast with other automation systems, the robots are untethered rather than bolted down or limited to fixed routes.

References

External links

Robotics companies of the United States
Companies based in Wilmington, Massachusetts
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Technology companies established in 2007
American companies established in 2007
2007 establishments in Massachusetts
United Kingdom Low Flying System. The United Kingdom Low Flying System (UKLFS) is the airspace across the United Kingdom in which low flying training is permitted. The system was established in 1979 and extends from ground level to 2000ft AGL. Flying is carried out from 0800 to 2300 during weekdays only. Military aircraft are also allowed to fly in Tactical Training Areas. 

Aircraft are restricted to a cruising speed of 450 knots, and reheat (use of afterburner) is not permitted except for emergencies. Low flying aircraft should not enter any Air Traffic Zones, including Aerodrome Traffic Zones and Military Aerodrome Traffic Zone.

Tactical Training Areas
 LFA7(T), central Wales
 LFA14(T), northern Scotland 
 LFA20(T), Anglo-Scottish border and west Northumberland

See also
 Purple Corridor

References

External links
 UKLFS
 Low flying in the UK
UK Military Low Flying - An Essential Skill

1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
Air traffic control in the United Kingdom
British military aviation
Low flying
Military air traffic control
Hollis Williams. David Hollis Williams FRAeS (18 February 1900 – 2 April 1974) was a British aircraft designer in the early 1930s for the Fairey Aviation Company, later working for Westland Aircraft.

Early life
He was born in Islington.

Career

Royal Air Force
He became a pilot officer in the Royal Air Force in November 1923; he flew with the RAF from 1923. He had previously flown as a pilot from 1917 to 1919.

Hawker Aircraft 
In the mid-1920s he worked for Hawker Aircraft in north-east Surrey.

Fairey
He became chief designer of Fairey in 1930, succeeding Panida Antoni Ralli. In March 1933, he was awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, for work on long range aircraft, when he was assistant chief designer; Sir Roy Fedden received the same honour. In 1938 he became a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. At Fairey he was largely responsible for the Fairey Long-range Monoplane.

He rejoined Fairey in 1943 as chief engineer.

General Aircraft
He worked for General Aircraft Limited for nine years as chief engineer from 1934 to 1943, working with Frederick Crocombe, the company's chief designer. Together they designed the ST18 Monospar named 'Croydon' which undertook a record attempt from England to Australia, piloted by Harold 'Tim' Wood. The aircraft suffered a damaged the tail wheel in Karachi enroute and after time spent repairing the wheel they made it to Australia but without breaking the flight time. While there they won the Victoria Air Race. On the return flight the aircraft became lost due to compass problems and bad directional bearings from Darwin and had to make an emergency landing on the Serringapatam reef in the East Timor sea. All 4 crew survived after being picked up by a local fishing boat and returned to England, however the aircraft was submerged by the incoming tide and lost. There are still some remains of the aeroplane on the reef to this day.

Westland Aircraft
He joined Westland Aircraft in August 1951 as chief engineer, being appointed technical director in 1952. In 1960 he became assistant managing director of Westland. He retired from Westland Aircraft in 1962.

At Westland he led the team that developed the Westland Whirlwind (helicopter), which first flew in August 1953. Westland had already built the Sikorsky H-5 as the Westland WS-51 Dragonfly in 1948. Percival Shunker had been appointed as chief designer of Westland in 1955.

Personal life
In the 1920s and 1930s, he lived on the B467 in Ickenham. He married in 1930. His daughter was born in 1931, and lived on Jersey. His grandson was born in 1954.

His funeral took place in Jersey on 12 April 1974 at 12pm. He had died in Dakar Hospital in Senegal aged 74.

References

1900 births
1974 deaths
English aerospace engineers
Fairey Aviation Company
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Jersey businesspeople
People from Islington (district)
Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal winners
Royal Air Force officers
Westland Helicopters
20th-century British engineers
Nina Cameron Graham. Nina Cameron Walley (née Graham; 11 March 1891-24 March 1974) was the first woman to receive an engineering degree in Britain.

Early life and education 
Nina Cameron Graham was born in Liscard, Cheshire to Mary Cameron Graham (née Slater) and Captain Charles Graham, a former sea captain and chairman at Seamen's and Boatmen's Friend Society. Walley attended the University of Liverpool on general BSc before switching to engineering. She received 2nd division result on the final examinations, including "a gruelling six-hour exam" where she had to design a railway bridge, that awarded her a degree of Bachelor of Engineering.

Life in Canada 
After graduating, Walley travelled to Canada and on 12 October 1912, she married Cecil Stephen Walley (1890-1960), a fellow University of Liverpool engineering student, who had graduated two years earlier in 1910.  Walley was driven to the church and given away by her cousin, Colin Inkster, then Sheriff of Winnipeg.  On their honeymoon, the Walleys surveyed for dam construction in Qu'Appelle valley in Saskatchewan.  Walley did not practice professionally as an engineer but assisted her husband, a fellow civil engineer.  In a 1965 interview she said, I used my knowledge both to help my husband, also a civil engineering, and my children when they were studying mathematics and physics at school.

The Walleys had 10 children together, five sons and five daughters.  Two of Walley's sons were killed while in service in the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War: Flying Officer Keith Minshull Walley was killed in service in April 1943, aged 20, and Flight Lieutenant Kenneth Richard Walley was killed in action in France in October 1944 aged 28.

Walley lived in Winnipeg from 1912 until her death in March 1974.

Legacy 

The University of Liverpool awards an annual Nina Cameron Graham prize to the highest ranking female student in their Bachelor of Civil Engineering degree.

References

1891 births
1974 deaths
People from Cheshire
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
British emigrants to Canada
English civil engineers
20th-century British women engineers
20th-century British engineers
20th-century English women engineers
20th-century English engineers
Flight 2. Flight 2 may refer to the following aviation accidents or incidents:

Trans World Airlines Flight 2, one of the flights involved in the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision on 30 June 1956
Helitech Flight 2, one of the flights involved in the 1986 Grand Canyon mid-air collision on 18 June, 1986

Other uses 

 Starship flight test 2, a SpaceX Starship test flight achieving many of its launch objectives on November 18, 2023

0002
Macaroons (computer science). In computer security, macaroons are authorization credentials that support decentralized delegation between principals.

Macaroons are used in a variety of systems, including the Ubuntu Snappy package manager, the HyperDex data store, the Matrix communication protocol, and the Python Package Index.

Claims

A macaroon is composed of series of "caveats", for example:

 may upload files to /user/A/ (issued by server)
 only to /user/A/album/123 (derived by A)
 only GIFs, up to 1MB (derived by B)
 until noon today (derived by C)

The macaroon model doesn't specify the language for these caveats; The original paper proposes a model of subjects and rights, but the details are left to individual implementations.

Related technologies 
Macaroons are similar to some other technologies.

Compared to JSON Web Token (JWT):
 Holder of macaroon can issue a sub-macaroon with smaller power, while JWT is fixed
 Macaroon is notably longer than JWT
 Macaroon is equivalent to signed JWT, but does not offer equivalent to encrypted JWT
Compared to Certificates
 Macaroons are based on a symmetric model, while certificates on asymmetric
 Macaroons are computationally cheaper and require simpler cryptographic primitives
Using a macaroon (sent to a server) can disclose some private information held by the macaroon holder, meaning that server must be trusted; Using a certificate means signing a payload using a private key, which is not sent to the server, thus communication with untrusted servers is less risky.

Invalidation

Implementations need to decide whether the entire macaroon tree is invalidated at once from its root, the server secret key; or if intermediate macaroons are to be blacklisted, comparable to time-bound JWT's.

See also

 Authorization
 HTTP cookie
 OAuth
 OpenID
 Simple public-key infrastructure

References

Computer access control
Indian locomotive class WDP-1. The Indian locomotive class WDP-1 is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1995 by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Passenger traffic (P) engine, 1st generation (1). They entered service in 1995. A total of 69 WDP-1 units were built at Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi between 1995 and 1999.

Despite the introduction of more modern types of locomotives such as the WDG-4, and electrification, a significant number are still in use, both in mainline and departmental duties. As of November 2024, 7 locomotives still retain "operational status" on the mainline.

History 

The WDP-1 is a lower powered version of the WDM-2. These locos have a 2300 hp powerpack, . The engine is a converted version of the Alco 251C model with a 12-cylinder engine and low overall weight with a max. speed of 140 km/h, Bo-Bo fabricated bogies loosely based on the Flexicoil models. They are still in service and are homed either at TKD & BZA to haul short commuter trains and shunting around the area. They look just like all other ALCOs and are easily identified by the laterally “sculpted” and baldie grille-less short hood.

WDP1M  is a rebuilt version with better powerpack and better cooling via a modified radiator. The biggest change is in the suspension. Rubber springs have been provided instead of coil springs, along with other changes to the suspension and axle components.

The scrapping of these locomotives has begun. All WDP-1 locomotives of BZA DLS were condemned in February 2023 and scrapped at DLS.

Locomotive sheds

Former sheds

See also 
 Indian locomotive class WDM-2 
 List of diesel locomotives of India
 Rail transport in India#History
 Rail transport in India

References 

 

P-1
Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1995
Indian locomotive class WDP-3A. The Indian locomotive class WDP-3A, colloquially nicknamed the Toaster, is a class of diesel–electric locomotive that was developed in 1998 by Banaras Locomotive Works, Varanasi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Passenger traffic (P) locomotive with 3,100 horsepower (3A). The WDP-3A is a later classification of earlier WDP-2. They entered service in 1998. A total of 44 were built between 1998 and 2001.

They are the fastest ALCo based locomotive found in India with a top speed of 160 km/h, on par with the premier electric locomotives. The WDP-3A served IR for over 25 years. A significant number of these locomotives are still in use, both on mainline and departmental duties. As of November 2024, few of the locomotives still retain "operational status" on the mainline as WDP-3A, with further examples having been scrapped.

History 

The first one was delivered in October 1998, under the name of WDP-2. 44 units produced until February 2001 (Indian Railway road number 15501-15544) had dual cab forward design different from other classes of locos built by DLW (WDM-2, WDM-3A, WDG-3A and WDP-1). These new locomotives have control stand similar to many electric locomotives. They are the re-geared versions of the WDM-3A. This was IR's attempt to build a high speed loco on ALCO platform. But the EMD locos came with a much better performance with higher HP rating to kill the prospect of WDP-3As. These units have air brakes only and the gear ratio is 64:19.

These locos (classified as WDP-2s at the time) were introduced initially the Chennai Egmore - Kanyakumari Section, hauling many prestigious trains like the Pallavan Express, Vaigai Express, Rockfort Express, Nellai Express and Pothigai Express to name a few. A problem with the WDP-3A was that it would get uncomfortably hot inside the driving cabin on the radiator side and the locos were nicknamed “toasters” by the locomotive pilots. The WDP-3A was best known for hauling the Trivandrum Rajdhani and later on the Mumbai CSMT - Karmali Tejas Express through the Konkan Railway at a top speed of 120 kmh single-handedly. In 2018, a couple of GOC-based WDP-3A locomotives were rebuilt at DMW Patiala with better bogies for riding comfort. Such rebuilt toasters bear the suffix 'R' to their road numbers.

However, due to age issues and cracking of bogie underframes, the WDP-3A locomotives of DLS, GOC, and KYN were withdrawn gradually from hauling passenger trains and were relegated to departmental use. In 2021, GOC announced the withdrawal of all WDP-3A's in their shed and a few WDP-3A's were sent to Ponmalai Workshop for scrapping. 15501 is to be preserved.

All WDP-3A locomotives of KYN DLS were condemned in January 2022 and scrapped at DLS.

Locomotive sheds

Former sheds 

 Kalyan

Gallery

See also 

 Indian locomotive class WDM-3A
 Indian locomotive class WDM-2
 List of diesel locomotives of India
 Rail transport in India
 Indian Railways

References 

P-3A
Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1994
Indian locomotive class WDM-7. The WDM-7 is a diesel–electric locomotive of Indian Railways. It has been manufactured by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), diesel (D), mixed traffic (M) engine. Today, these are found exclusively at Chennai Central and nearby area.



These units have been retro-fitted with air brakes, in addition to the original vacuum brakes. The WDM-7 locos have a maximum speed of , restricted to  when run long hood forward - the gear ratio is 94:17.

History 

Fifteen of these locomotives (road numbers #11001 to #11015) were built from 1987 to 1989 as a low-powered, “lightweight” version of the original ALCO. Like the WDM-6, the IR wanted a lower powered locomotive to handle small rake local and passenger services. However, all sheds declined them and they ended up at Ernakulam where they were used to handle local and shuttle services with good degrees of efficiency. Becoming aware of their abilities, the Southern Railway moved all the WDM-7s out of Ernakulam to Tondiarpet, where they are housed there as of 2023. These days, they are seen being used as shunters at Chennai Central or for light passenger haulage. One (#11008) has been modified to run on bio-diesel.

These Co-Co diesel-electric locomotives were designed primarily for branch-line duties (top speed 105 km/h). They have two 3-axle bogies. The power-pack is a 12-cylinder Alco 251B unit. They are a lower-powered variant of the WDM-2 (the latter produces 2600 hp of usable power, as opposed to the WDM-7 which produces 2000 hp). They were formerly housed at Erode and Ernakulam as well. They are reliable and rugged locomotives even though low-powered. They can be easily recognised by the lack of grilles on the short hood; in fact, they look exactly the same as the WDM-2 except for the “clean” short-hood-forward nose without grilles. Two locos currently operate on a mixture of bio-diesel and diesel. As of March 2024, 14 of the 15 locomotives built are still in service.

Locomotive shed

Former 
 Ernakulam
 Erode

See also 
 Indian locomotive class WDM-2 
 List of diesel locomotives of India
 Rail transport in India
 Rail transport in India#History

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 

 Ministry of Railways (Railway Board)
 [IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Changes

M-7
Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
ALCO locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Shri Ganganagar–Sikar Express. The 14715/14716 Shri Ganganagar – Sikar Express is an express train belonging to North Western Railway zone of Indian Railways that run between  and  of Rajasthan state in India.

Background

This train was inaugurated on 10 February 2019, from Shri Ganganagar flagged off by Nihalchand, MP of Shri Ganganagar for more connectivity between Shri Ganganagar and Sikar.

Service

Frequency of this train is tri-weekly and it covers the distance of 393 km with an average speed of 49 km/h on both sides.

Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:

Schedule

Traction

As the route is going to be electrified an WDM-3D loco pulls the train to its destination on both sides.

External links
 14715/Shri Ganganagar - Sikar Express
 14716/Sikar - Shri Ganganagar Express

References

Rail transport in Rajasthan
Transport in Sri Ganganagar
Express trains in India
Railway services introduced in 2019
Sikar district