omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Concurrent logic programming. Concurrent logic programming is a variant of logic programming deesigned for parallel computing in which programs are sets of guarded Horn clauses of the form:

The conjunction  is called the guard of the clause, and  is the commitment operator. 

Declaratively, guarded Horn clauses are read as ordinary logical implications:

However, procedurally, when there are several clauses whose heads  match a given goal, then all of the clauses are executed in parallel, checking whether their  guards  hold. If the guards of more than one clause hold, then a committed choice is made to one of the clauses, and execution proceeds with the subgoals   of the chosen clause. These subgoals can also be executed in parallel. Thus concurrent logic programming implements a form of "don't care nondeterminism", rather
than "don't know nondeterminism".

History
The first concurrent logic programming language was the Relational Language of Keith L. Clark and Steve Gregory, which was an offshoot of IC-Prolog. Later versions of concurrent logic programming include Ehud Shapiro's Concurrent Prolog and Ueda's Guarded Horn Clause language.

The development of concurrent logic programming was given an impetus when Guarded Horn Clause was used to implement KL1, the systems programming language of the Japanese Fifth Generation Project (FGCS). The FGCS Project was a $400M initiative by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, begun in 1982, to use massively parallel computing/processing for artificial intelligence applications. The choice of concurrent logic programming as the “missing link” between the hardware and the applications was influenced by a visit to the FGCS Project in 1982 by Ehud Shapiro, who invented Concurrent Prolog.

See also
 Concurrent constraint logic programming
 Logic programming
 Nondeterministic programming

References

 

Programming paradigms
Logic programming

Parallel computing
Bring your own operating system. Bring your own operating system (BYOOS) or Bring Your Own Image (BYOI) relates to the practice of providing PC computers, usually without internally installed disks, so users can bring their own operating system (commonly on USB pen drives) and use the supplied hardware with the operating system of their choice.

BYOOS has been made possible thanks to the ability to create USB pen drives and other external storage devices with 'live' operating system images containing all the necessary drivers to allow boot up and operation on any compatible computer.

Bootable versions of Linux were available by 1993. In 2012, Microsoft Windows 8 Enterprise Edition followed, by introduced Windows To Go functionality to allow the operating system to boot and run from mass storage devices such as USB flash drives thus enabling BYOOS in the Windows family of operating system similar to that of a Linux live CD/DVD.

By allowing users to bring their own operating system there are significant cost savings to be made by organisations who commonly have many on-site users and are obliged to provide them with computer hardware to allow them to perform specific tasks as there is no longer a need to install a hard drive in each computer. Upgrading and maintaining many PC computers has also become easier as companies only need to supply users with new pen drives containing the operating system boot images rather than having to re-image every PC with the latest build of the operating system thus eliminating upgrade costs.

As users can take the USB devices containing their version of the operating system around with them employees can boot up their home computer with the same USB stick so it has exactly the same software environment as they use in their place of work thus enabling employees to work at home exactly the same as they would in the office.

The introduction of cloud based storage, means portable operating systems are free of the need to store data locally. The unbundling of the office application data and other user data from the drives containing the operating systems has been a key factor in making BYOOS possible.

References

See also 
 BYOD

System administration
Operating system technology
MINCE. MINCE is a text editor, originally created for 8080-based microcomputers running the CP/M operating system.  Later versions of MINCE were available for GEMDOS on the Atari ST, VAX/VMS, RSX-11, and various flavors of Unix.

Developed in BDS C by Mark of the Unicorn, it was bundled with computers from Kaypro and Morrow Designs, and the Epson QX-10. It was a subset of Emacs (MINCE stands for "MINCE Is Not Complete Emacs") designed to run within the 64kB memory limit of 8-bit computers.

MINCE used a gap buffer to fit within 48kB, and implemented a very efficient virtual memory system to support multiple buffers and a maximum file size limited only by available disk space. 

MINCE was a companion product to SCRIBBLE, a text formatter based on Scribe. This separation of duties into editor plus formatter was common among advanced word processors at that time.

Although it was not open source, MOTU distributed partial code they deemed most useful for extending the product.

In 1981, MINCE and SCRIBBLE were sold together, along with their source code and the BDS C compiler, as a software bundle for US$350 (almost US$1000 in 2014 dollars) under the name "Amethyst". Amethyst was available without the compiler for $250, and MINCE and SCRIBBLE were available alone for $175. In 1984 the list price of MINCE was US$175. (equivalent to US$433.22 in 2019).

MINCE and SCRIBBLE were later developed into the Perfect Writer and FinalWord word processors. FinalWord later became Sprint.

An open source project, Portable MINCE, allows the CP/M-80 version of MINCE to run on current operating systems and provides customizations, extensions, and documentation for the editor.

References

External links

Emacs
CP/M software
Text editors
Discontinued software
Abrisham Bridge. Abrisham Bridge (, Pol-e Abrišam), literally the "Silk Bridge", is a cable-stayed bridge in Northern Tehran, Iran. It is located about 100 meters south of the Iran's Shipping Lines Tower, in the district of Abbas Abad. Extending in a north-south direction, it is intended solely for pedestrian traffic. It bridges the urban highway Hemmat Expressway, and connects the parks Ab-o-Atash and Nowruz.

Abrisham Bridge was designed in 2007-08, and built by local Iranian contractors. The cable manufacturing company was a major associate with the Liuzhou OVM Machinery, a Chinese manufacturer of cables. The structure of the bridge has a tilted pylon on its north side. Regarding its tilted tower, it was the first of its kind in Tehran.  The footpath is supported by 20 cables composed of 12 wires, asymmetrically distributed on the two sides. The length of the longest cable is about 53 meters, and the shortest is about 20 meters; the height of the pylon is about 40 meters; the greatest span of the bridge is about 132.85 meters; and the width of the whole bridge is about 10.5 meters.

References

 OVM (May 27, 2010): Cable-Stayed Bridge in Tehran, Liuzhou: Liuzhou OVM Machinery Company, Accessed April 2, 2013.
  Kayhan News (11 August 2009): اولين پل كابلي پياده راه در تهران افتتاح مي شود, Tehran: Kayhan News, br. 19433. Accessed April 2, 2013.
  Tafrih (11 August 2009): پارک آب و آتش (حضرت ابراهیم), Tehran: Tafrih. Accessed April 2, 2013..

External links

 Hamshahri Newspaper - Abrisham Bridge 

Bridges in Iran
Buildings and structures in Tehran
Bridges completed in 2008
2008 establishments in Iran
Cable-stayed bridges in Iran
Aerojet SD-2 Overseer. The Aerojet SD-2 Overseer was an unmanned aerial vehicle developed by Aerojet General and Rheem Manufacturing Co. in the late 1950s for use by the United States Army. Built in limited numbers, it never saw operational service.

Design and development
Development of the SD-2 drone began in 1957 by the Rheem Manufacturing Company, and the project continued through the company's acquisition by Aerojet General in 1959. Developed as part of the AN/USD-2 surveillance system, the SD-2 was designed for truck launch using two solid rocket boosters; following launch, a piston engine provided propulsion. At the end of its mission, the drone would be recovered via parachute. Control was provided by a translateration system for navigation (similar to the much later differential GPS technology), which allowed the aircraft to steer on a pre-programmed course.

The SD-2 was designed to use a modular sensor system, allowing equipment to be switched between missions according to requirements. Available payloads included cameras for either recovered or real-time photography, AN/AAD-2 infrared sensor, AN/DPD-2 side looking airborne radar, or equipment for the dispensing of biological or chemical warfare agents from tanks mounted under the wings of the aircraft.

Operational history
Thirty-five production SD-2s were produced.  Poor results from the navigation system resulted in the system's cancellation in 1966, and the program was terminated without any Overseers having seen operational service. In 1963, the SD-2 was given the designation MQM-58A under the revised designation system.

Specifications

See also

References
Citations

Bibliography

 

 

SD-002
1950s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of the United States
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
AQM-128. The AQM-128 was a short-lived program undertaken by the United States Navy for the development of a subscale target drone, launched from aircraft and capable of supersonic speed. The AQM-128 was intended to use pre-programmed guidance.

The program for development of the new target drone was begun in 1983; in January 1984, the designation YAQM-128A was approved for the program. The program was cancelled in April that year before any designs were selected.

References

Citations

Bibliography

 

Aircraft manufactured in the United States
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Unmanned military aircraft of the United States
Single-engined jet aircraft
Type 645 oceanographic research ship. The Type 645 oceanographic research ship is an oceanographic ship developed by China for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and other Chinese civilian establishments.
Type 645 was an experimental program of the Fourth five-year plan of China and designed by the 2nd Directorate of 708th Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, which is also more commonly known as China Shipbuilding and Oceanic Engineering Design Academy (中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究)  nowadays. Construction begun in October 1977 and the ship was launched in October 1978, entering service with PLAN in December 1978. There are a total of twelve laboratories on board totaling 257 square meters. Deployment proved that the design was successful, and three more units were built for civilian use, named as Xiangyanghong (向阳红, meaning facing the Sun in red in Chinese) 9, Xiangyanghong 14 and Xiangyanghong 16 respectively. However, on May 2, 1993, Xiangyanghong 16 was rammed and sunk by a Cypriot LNG carrier more than nine time of its size (38000 ton) in the East China Sea near Jeju Island, with the loss of three crew members. The sister ships in civilian service are often tasked with military and paramilitary missions and thus frequently come under PLAN and Chinese Coast Guard control.

In addition to the original oceanographic research ship, the hull of Type 645 is used for both Type 812 and Type 813 spy ships, but the former was a failure due to excessive vibration preventing onboard intelligence gathering gears from working properly, and thus converted back to its original oceanographic research role. Type 813 was much more successful based on the experienced learned from the unsuccessful Type 812. The name of the unit in PLAN service is Nan-Diao (南调) 350, meaning South Investigate 350. In 2006, the ship went through an 11-month-long refit to be converted by Shanghai Lifeng Shipyard (上海立丰船厂) of China Shipping Group at Shanghai as the mother ship of Jiaolong (submersible). After conversion, some oceanographic research capability is retained after the conversion in that three laboratories were retained on board. The homeport of Xiangyanghong 9 is in Qingdao. In 2019, Xiangyanghong 14 completed similar upgrade in Guangzhou Shipyard.
Specification:
Length (m): 112.05
Length between perpendiculars (m): 97.55
Depth (m): 8.2
Width (m): 15.2
Draft (m): 5.5
Displacement (t): 4435
Speed (kn): 19.35
Range (nmi): 10000 @ 17 kn
Endurance (day): 60
Crew: 150
Main propulsion: two 9ESDZ43/82B low speed  diesel engines @ 3308 kW (4500 hp) w/ 200 rpm
Auxiliary propulsion: four 6260GZC-II, TFH-400/10 @ 70 kW (640 hp) w/ 600 rpm

References

Auxiliary research ship classes
Auxiliary ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Type 813 spy ship. The Type 813 spy ship is the first purpose-built, indigenously designed spy ship entering service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

The ship is the result of the urgent need of specialized spy ship for intelligence gathering missions in the mid-1970s, and to speed up the program, it was decided in October 1976 that the newly constructed spy ship would share the same hull of Type 645 oceanographic research ship. Design begun in August 1977 by the 2nd Directorate of the 708th Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation, which is also more commonly known as China Shipbuilding and Oceanic Engineering Design Academy (中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究)  nowadays. Design work was completed in September 1980 and construction immediately begun in the same month. There are a total of ten sets of reconnaissance equipment on board and the ship entered service with South Sea Fleet. The ship is designed to withstand storm with wind scale of 12. Originally named as Xiangyanghong (向阳红) 21, the ship was later renamed as Haiwangxing. After the ship has been transferred to Chinese Coast Guard and received pennant number 3469, it was replaced by a Type 815A spy ship with the same name.

References

Auxiliary surveillance ship classes
Auxiliary ships of the People's Liberation Army Navy
SYSTAT. SYSTAT or Systat may refer to

 SYSTAT (statistics package), a statistics and statistical graphics software package
 SYSTAT (DEC), a command on the DEC TOPS-10 and RSTS/E computer operating systems
 sysstat, a command-line tool that displays active processes and users
 systat (BSD), a BSD UNIX command-line tool to display system statistics in a full-screen view using ncurses/curses
 systat (protocol) (or Active Users), an Internet protocol
Schmid's law. In materials science, Schmid's law (also Schmid factor) describes the slip plane and the slip direction of a stressed material, which can resolve the most shear stress.

Schmid's Law states that the critically resolved shear stress () is equal to the stress applied to the material () multiplied by the cosine of the angle with the vector normal to the glide plane () and the cosine of the angle with the glide direction (). Which can be expressed as:

where  is known as the Schmid factor

Both factors  and  are measured in stress units, which is calculated the same way as pressure (force divided by area).  and  are angles.

The factor is named after Erich Schmid who coauthored a book with Walter Boas introducing the concept in 1935.

See also
Critical resolved shear stress

Notes

References

Further reading
Translation into English: 

Materials science
Joint Information Environment. The Joint Information Environment (JIE) is a single, joint, secure, reliable and agile command, control, communications and computing enterprise information environment to which the Department of Defense  (DoD) is transitioning in a first-phase implementation that spans fiscal years 2013 and 2014.

The JIE will combine DoD’s many networks into a common and shared global network. It will provide email, Internet access, common software applications, and cloud computing. The main objectives are to increase operational efficiency, enhance network security and save money by reducing infrastructure and staffing.

According to the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), the JIE will encompass all DOD networks and will enhance network security by:
 Using a single-security architecture;
 Minimizing network hardware, software and staffing;
 Giving DOD users access to the network from anywhere in the world;
 Focusing on protecting data; and
 Improving DOD’s ability to share information among the services and with government agencies and industry partners.

In execution, there are three lines of operation: governance, operations, and technical synchronization. DISA has been given responsibility for the technical aspects of JIE and leads the JIE Technical Synchronization Office (JTSO), which includes agency staff, as well as representation from the military services, intelligence community, and National Guard.

The organization evolving the JIE includes the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), Office of the Deputy Chief Management Officer (DCMO), DoD CIO, Joint Staff J6, United States Cyber Command, military services, intelligence community, and National Guard. The JCS chairman and each of the service chiefs have endorsed JIE as a military imperative. The Deputy Management Action Group, a part of DCMO that considers department-wide management and business issues, has endorsed the JIE’s viability to efficiently address budget issues, the threat vector, and the need to be dominant in the information operations.

The JIE will allow warfighters to work jointly and collaboratively in a secure information sharing environment. Its architecture provides a key benefit to connect military networks out to the very tactical edge, something current Defense Department systems cannot do. Another advantage is to break up current military unique service-oriented computing environments, allowing software based capabilities and tools to be deployed across the entire Defense Department enterprise.

References 

United States Department of Defense information technology
N.B.K.R. Institute of Science and Technology. The "'NBKR Institute of Science and Technology"' ("'N.B.K.R.I.S.T.") is located in Vidyanagar, Kota, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh.

The institute offers B.Tech. courses in CSE (intake 600), ECE (intake 360), EEE (intake 120), Mechanical Engineering(Intake 120), Civil Engineering(Intake 60), and AI&DS(Intake 120).  for the academic year 2024–25. The institute has an R&D cell and recognized research centers at JNT University Anantapur offering Ph.D. programmes.

The institute is located on a 184-acre campus.

Director:  Dr. Chintala Venkataramana

See also 

Website:www.nbkrist.org

https://www.nbkrist.co.in

Educational institutions established in 1979
1979 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Universities and colleges in Nellore district
Dodge 300. The Dodge 300 was a medium- to heavy-duty cab over truck built by Dodge's British arm at their Kew plant from 1957 until the mid-1960s. It was replaced by the Ghia-designed Dodge 500 which appeared in late 1964. Following the retirement of the 300, Dodge's Kew plant was shuttered as production was moved to Dunstable.

Design
Truck and tractor models were available, as well as a four-wheel drive model for military use. The weight range offered was from , with the tractor models being rated for . Most Dodge 300s received diesel engines from Perkins.

The Motor Panels cab design used was shared with Leyland and Albion. It is therefore often referred to as the "LAD" cab (Leyland-Albion-Dodge).

Bus models
A bus variant of the Dodge 300 was developed in the early 1960s, but only eight were built.  A prototype model S306 with a Leyland engine and Weymann bus body was built in 1962 (registered 2498PK), followed by a model S307 with Perkins engine and Marshall bus body in 1964 (registered 3033PE).  These were used as demonstrators by Dodge, but the only orders which resulted were for six S307 models with Strachans coach bodies which were delivered to Rickards of Brentford later in 1964 (registered AYV93B to AYV98B).

1972–1982 models
From 1972 on, a new Dodge 300 series of heavy lorries was sold in the UK. These were made in Spain by Chrysler Spanish subsidiary, and included a 38-tonne tractor and four, six and eighth-wheelers rigids. Sales took off well, and the model was not dropped until 1982, well after Renault Véhicules Industriels took control of Chrysler Europe truck operations.

References

300
Dodge UK
Dodge 100 "Commando"
Cab over vehicles
Vehicles introduced in 1957
Boole & Babbage. Boole & Babbage Incorporated, founded as K & K Associates, was an American automation computer software company based in San Jose, California. It was the oldest systems management company in the world before being bought out in a stock swap by BMC Software, announced in late 1998 and completed in early 1999.

History 
Boole & Babbage (a reference to 19th century English mathematicians George Boole and Charles Babbage, early theorists of what would eventually become the Information Age) was founded with three employees in Palo Alto, California, in 1967 as K & K Associates by Ken Kolence and David Kaitch. The company, later headquartered in San Jose, California, changed its name to Boole & Babbage after an investment from Franklin "Pitch" Johnson, becoming the first software company in Silicon Valley to receive venture capital funding. Its main product was a computer mainframe monitoring package which was the first software that allowed the tracking of hours. The company had a million dollars in sales in its first year.

By 1972, the company's large expenses outstripped its profits, so Bruce Coleman was appointed as president to lower expenses; this was accomplished by 1978, after which Coleman left the company. Boole & Babbage almost went bankrupt when their products became obsolete due to upgrades in IBM hardware. In the 1980s, the company developed new software and went public. In 1984 IBM changed its operating systems, rendering a number of Boole & Babbage's products obsolete. In response, Coleman returned as president. The company created COMMAND/Post for client/server systems in 1990, and it soon became their main product.

In 1990, Boole & Babbage acquired Avant-Garde Computing, a maker of network management, monitoring, and security software and hardware.

Advertising 
In 1993, Boole & Babbage announced at the Computer Measurement Group annual conference that they would pay Paramount Pictures $75,000 a year for a two-year licence to use Star Trek imagery in their advertising for COMMAND/Post and MainView. They used actor Jonathan Frakes, playing his character  Commander William Riker from Star Trek: The Next Generation, in their Star Trek advertisements. One of the early advertisements, titled "The Vision", featured Frakes as Commander Riker on the USS Enterprise bridge set.

Decline and sale 
In the late 1990s, the computer industry started to become dominated by larger companies and Boole & Babbage were having trouble competing. In October 1998, the board of Boole & Babbage agreed to be acquired in whole by BMC Software, through a stock swap valued at billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). The swap was completed in March 1999.

References 

Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 1967
1967 establishments in California
Software companies disestablished in 1998
1998 disestablishments in California
1998 mergers and acquisitions
BMC Software acquisitions