omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Xputer. The Xputer is a design for a reconfigurable computer, proposed by computer scientist Reiner Hartenstein. Hartenstein uses various terms to describe the various innovations in the design, including config-ware, flow-ware, morph-ware, and "anti-machine".

The Xputer represents a move away from the traditional Von Neumann computer architecture, to a coarse-grained "soft Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)" architecture. Parallelism is achieved by configurable elements known as reconfigurable datapath arrays (rDPA), organized in a two-dimensional array of ALU's similar to the KressArray.

Architecture 
The Xputer architecture is data-stream-based, and is the counterpart of the instruction-based von Neumann computer architecture.

The Xputer architecture was one of the first coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures, and consists of a reconfigurable datapath array (rDPA) organized as a two-dimensional array of ALUs (rDPU). The bus-width between ALU's were 32-bit in the first version of the Xputer.

The ALUs (also known as rDPUs) are used for computing a single mathematical operation, such as addition, subtraction or multiplication, and can also be used purely for routing.

ALUs are mesh-connected via three types of connections, and data-flow along these connections are managed by an address generation unit.
Nearest neighbour (connections between neighbouring ALUs)
Row/column back-buses
Global bus (a single global bus for interconnection between further ALUs)

Programs for the Xputer are written in the C language, and compiled for usage on the Xputer using the CoDeX compiler written by the author. The CoDeX compiler maps suitable portions of the C program onto the Xputer's rDPA fabric. The remainder of the program is executed on the host system, such as a personal computer.

rDPA
A reconfigurable datapath array (rDPA) is a semiconductor device containing reconfigurable data path units and programmable interconnects, first proposed by Rainer Kress in 1993, at the University of Kaiserslautern.

Instead of FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) having single bit configurable logic blocks (CLBs), rDPAs have multiple bits wide (for instance, 32 bit path width) reconfigurable datapath units (rDPUs).

Each rDPU can be configured to perform an individual function. These rDPUs and interconnects can be programmed after the manufacturing process by the customer/designer (hence the term "reconfigurable") so that the rDPA can perform whatever complex computation is needed. Because rDPUs are multiple bits wide (for instance, 32 bits), we talk about coarse-grained reconfigurability - in contrast to FPGAs with single-bit wide configurable logic blocks, called fine-gained reconfigurable.

rDPAs are structurally programmed from "config-ware" source code, compiled into pipe-networks to be mapped onto the rDPA. rDPAs are not instruction-stream-driven and have no instruction fetch at run time. rDPUs do not have a program counter.

References

Computer architecture
Reconfigurable computing
Drilling jumbo. A Drilling jumbo or drill jumbo is a rock drilling machine.

Use 
Drilling jumbos are usually used in underground mining, if mining is done by drilling and blasting. They are also used in tunnelling, if rock hardness prevents use of tunnelling machines. It is considered as a powerful tool to facilitate labor-intensive process for mineral extraction.

Description 
A drilling jumbo consists of one, two or three rock drill carriages, sometimes a platform, which the miner stands on to load the holes with explosives, clear the face of the tunnel or do something else. The carriages are bolted onto the chassis, which supports the miner's cabin as well as the engine. Although modern drilling jumbos are relatively large, there are smaller ones for use in cramped conditions. Whereas modern jumbos are usually fitted with rubber tires and diesel-powered, there are also exist variants with steel wheels, to ride on rails and even single carriage sled-mounted ones. Electric power is also common, and historic jumbos were powered by compressed air. Electricity and compressed air produce little to no exhaust gases, which is preferable if work is done in smaller tunnels where good ventilation is difficult. The drilling jumbo was invented in 1849 by J.J Couch of Philadelphia.

References 

Mining equipment
Gargoti Museum. The Gargoti Museum is a museum in the town Sinnar near Nashik in Indian state of Maharashtra that houses a collection of natural mineral and gem specimens collected by K. C. Pandey over 40 years. The word "goti" refers to a Marathi word meaning stone or pebble. This is India's first and only gem, mineral, and fossil museum. It also houses the largest and finest collection of Indian zeolite minerals and crystals in the world.

Details
The Gargoti Museum houses the largest & the finest collection of Indian Indian zeolite minerals and crystals in the world. It is divided into two galleries namely Deccan Plateau Gallery and Prestige Gallery. There are 2 floors in the museum and has vast collection of minerals and crystals. It is located 32 km from Nashik on Nashik-Shirdi highway in a town named Sinnar.

The museum's displays include:
 Natural Crystals
 Zeolites, Minerals
 Gem Stones
 Precious Stones & Metals
 Semi-Precious Stones & Metals
 Fossils
 Statues
 Handicrafts

Deccan Plateau Gallery
This section displays zeolite minerals and crystals excavated from the Deccan region of India, mainly Maharashtra and surroundings states.

Exhibits include:
 Zeolite, mineral, and crystal specimens
 Fossils of shells, extinct dinosaurs, and mammoths
 Finest quality of statues carved out of precious/semi-precious stones
 The fluorescent mineral display

Prestige Gallery
This section displays rare finds from India and around the world.

This includes -
 Gem, precious/semi-precious stones
 Precious/semi-precious metals
 Rocks from Moon and Mars
 The best of Indian zeolite minerals

The Prestige Gallery, designs are inspired by the Indian Parliament's Monument and showcases a glimpse of the spell bounding treasures of Nature.

Gallery

References

External links

Museums in Maharashtra
Mineralogy museums
Tourist attractions in Nashik district
Low-frequency electric resistance weld. Low-frequency electric resistance weld, LF-ERW is Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was used from the 1920s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld.

Over time, the welds of low frequency ERW pipe was found to be susceptible to selective seam corrosion, hook cracks, and inadequate bonding of the seams, so low frequency ERW is no longer used to manufacture pipe. The high frequency process is still being used to manufacture pipe for use in new pipeline construction.

The Poplar Pipeline was built in the 1950s using pipe made with low-frequency electric resistance welds as was the Pegasus Pipeline.

Poplar Pipeline
On January 19, 2015 oil from a broken pipeline seeped into the Yellowstone River, and contaminated the water supply 10 miles south of Glendive, Montana. The release was from Bridger Pipeline LLC's 12-inch Poplar line, which can carry 42,000 barrels a day of crude from the Bakken Formation and runs from Canada south to Baker, Montana. Bridger Pipeline is a subsidiary of True Cos., a privately held Wyoming-based company. The company said in a statement that the pipeline was shut down within an hour of the leak.

Pegasus Pipeline
The 2013 Mayflower oil spill occurred when ExxonMobil's 20-inch Pegasus crude oil pipeline spilled near Mayflower, Arkansas on March 29, causing crude to flow through yards and gutters, and towards Lake Conway. Wildlife was coated in some places. Twenty-two homes were evacuated, due to the fumes and fire hazard. Some estimates say the total amount spilled could reach upwards of 300,000 gallons diluted bitumen were spilled. Hook cracks and extremely low impact toughness in the LF-ERW seam were identified as causes of the failure.

Notes and references

Pipe manufacture
Knappenrode energy museum. The Knappenrode energy museum is a museum in Hoyerswerda, Saxony Germany.
The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Context
Knappenrode is a monument to brown coal. Around 1914 the natural landscape of heathland and coniferous forest was replaced by this vast open cast brown coal mining operation and briquetting plants. The workers dwelt in a specially-erected housing outside the factory gates. This was a true factory village- the company owned the houses, the store, a guest house, a community centre and a railway station. It provided the village with a company owned cemetery. The workers and families used the factory bathhouse so the houses needed no bathrooms. When retired, they came back and used the bathhouse on Saturday nights.

History
A briquetting plant, the "Eintracht Werke," was built in 1914. It was managed by Joseph Werminghoff. Production began in October 1918, and two other plants were then built. After 1945 the plant was renamed "Glückauf", some equipment removed and production continued. In 1965 the plant turned out more than one and a half million tons of briquettes. Modernisation was neglected and the plant stagnated and closed in 1993, leaving a legacy of historic machines that form the nucleus of a museum collection.

References
Notes

Footnotes

External links

 Energiefabrik Knappenrode Website

Museums in Saxony
Industry museums in Germany
Mining museums in Germany
European Route of Industrial Heritage Anchor Points
Hoyerswerda
History of mining in Germany
Energy museums
Airo Aviation. Airo Aviation FZ-LLC was an Emirati aircraft manufacturer based in the Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone. The company specialized in the manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.

The company was incorporated in 2006 to produce sport aircraft in the United Arab Emirates for the European market using German certification. The company used modern numerical control manufacturing machinery.

By early 2019 the company website domain was for sale and the company has likely ceased operations.

The AiroAV company produced two designs. The Airo 1, a licensed development of the Italian Euro Ala JetFox microlight and the Airo 5 fibreglass two seat light touring aircraft, a licensed version of the Urban Air Samba. Both aircraft were intended for the US light-sport aircraft market, but as of September 2016 neither appeared on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved LSAs.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of the United Arab Emirates
Ultralight aircraft
Buhl A-1 Autogiro. The Buhl A-1 Autogiro was an autogyro optimised for air camera work designed and built from 1930. To this end, Etienne Dormoy designed the Buhl A-1, an autogyro with a pusher engine located behind the pilot and camera operator. The Buhl A-1 was the first pusher style autogyro. It is now on display at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

 The Buhl A-1 Autogiro 

Bull A-1
Single-engined pusher autogyros
1930s United States experimental aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Pennsylvania Steel Company. The Pennsylvania Steel Company was the name of two Pennsylvania steel companies.

The original company was established in late 1865 by: J. Edgar Thomson, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Samuel Morse Felton Sr., recently retired president of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, and Nathaniel Thayer III of the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Felton, named president in January 1866, chose the 100-acre site of modern-day Steelton, Pennsylvania to build the first steel mill, purchasing land from Henry A. and Rudolph F. Kelker after obtaining the Bessemer license from Burden Iron Works in Troy, New York. Alexander Lyman Holley, the steel pioneer who first brought this process to America, was chosen to build the mill, and mansion for Felton, which was completed in 1867 along the banks of the Susquehanna River and next to the Pennsylvania Canal, and became operational on May 15, 1868. It consisted of blast furnaces and a Bessemer process mill. The company was acquired by Bethlehem Steel in 1917 and, by 1960, the blast furnaces were closed. Open hearth furnaces continued to operate until 1968 when they were replaced by electric arc furnaces. In 1983, a continuous caster was installed at the plant.  Bethlehem Steel declared bankruptcy in 2001 and the plant was acquired by International Steel Group, which later merged into Mittal and then ArcelorMittal.

The second Pennsylvania Steel Company was originally known as the Pennsylvania Steel & Aluminum Company, and was established in 1972 in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. It produces machines and manufactures steel and aluminum products but is not involved in basic steel production. The company was renamed the Pennsylvania Steel Company in 1988 and moved its production from Huntington Valley to Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania, in 1993.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1867
American companies established in 1867
Steel companies of the United States
Ironworks and steel mills in Pennsylvania
Industrial buildings and structures in Pennsylvania
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Pennsylvania
Companies based in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1917
1917 mergers and acquisitions
Steelton, Pennsylvania
ArcelorMittal
Companies based in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania
Molecubes. Molecubes are a collection of modular robots created by Hod Lipson and Victor Zykov from Cornell University. A molecube is made of two rotatable halves, one with the microprocessor which represents the intelligence behind the unit, and the other with a motor for rotating the joint. A group of the cubes can be connected into a variety of shapes.

A robot constructed entirely of molecubes would be able to repair itself using extra cubes, and to create a copy of itself using the same number of cubes.  
Physical self-reproduction of both a three- and a four-module robot was demonstrated.  
Subsequent open-source development, with support from Microsoft Research and Festo 
reduced size and weight of the molecubes.  
Additional molecube types were produced including: hinges, grippers, batteries, wheels, cameras and more.

See also 
Self-reconfiguring modular robot

References

External links 
 Youtube video: Self-replicating blocks from Cornell University
 Youtube video: Festo - Molecubes
 Creative Machines Lab page: Machine self-replication
 GitHub repository: Molecubes - Blueprints, source code and circuit schematics
 molecubes.org website: Detailed build materials and instructions Archived

Modular design
Open-source robots
Multi-robot systems
Self-replicating machines
John R. Dunlap. John Robertson Dunlap (1857 – June 5, 1937) was an American journalist, editor and publisher of engineering magazines and books. He is known as founder of the Engineering Magazine in 1891, which in the early 20th century became the "quality magazine in the field of business management."

Biography
Born in Lexington, Kentucky to Henry Clay and La Belle Boyce Dunlap, Dunlap attended Linsly School in Wheeling, West Virginia. He started working in civil engineering at the age of 18 in 1873.

Dunlap came into prominence as president and general manager of the Daily Louisville Commercial in 1884, a journal published in Louisville, Kentucky from 1869 to 1902. In 1889 he moved to New York City, where he started his first magazine The India Rubber World, nowadays The India Rubber World and Electrical Trades Review, or shortly Rubber World. He also founded the magazine Hardware in 1890, The Engineering Magazine in 1891, and The Engineering Index in 1895. The Engineering Magazine was renamed Industrial Management in 1916, and in 1917 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers acquired the Engineering Index. In 1921   Dunlap started his last great project the Industry Illustrated magazine.

In 1891 Dunlap had founded the Engineering Magazine Company in New York, and became its chairman of the board. Around 1917 this company merged into the McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. The Engineering Magazine Co also published over 40 books on industrial management issues, most noted the "Ford Methods and Ford Shops" by Horace L. Arnold and Fay L. Fauroto, which offered the first full description of Henry Ford's work.

Selected publications
 Dunlap, John R. et al. (eds.). Engineering Magazine. New York, The Engineering Magazine Co., 1891–1916
 Dunlap, John R. et al. (eds.). Industrial management; the engineering magazine. New York, The Engineering Magazine Co., 1916–1927
 Dunlap, John R., Arthur Van Vlissingen, and John M. Carmody (eds.). Factory and industrial management, New York, The Engineering Magazine Co., 1928–1929

References

External links

 John R. Dunlap Historic Saranac Lake wiki

1857 births
1937 deaths
American civil engineers
American business and financial journalists
American male journalists
American editors
American technology journalists
Writers from Lexington, Kentucky
Krossblade Aerospace Systems. Krossblade Aerospace Systems is an aviation company founded in 2014 in Phoenix Arizona, USA. The company is known for developing a 5-seat  VTOL concept, SkyCruiser, hybrid vehicle for vertical take-off and landing, and for its drone/UAV prototype, named SkyProwler. Both aircraft employ the switchblade transformation mechanism to transform from a multirotor aircraft for vertical take-off and landing, to a pure winged aircraft, for rapid and efficient cruise.

Products

Krossblade SkyCruiser 
SkyCruiser is a concept of vertical take-off and landing transformer aircraft with limited road drive capability. It has 5 seats and is powered by a hybrid powertrain. All rotors and propellers are driven by electric motors, the electric energy is produced by a 400 hp internal combustion engine mated to a generator. A small battery provides backup storage of electric energy, enabling SkyCruiser to briefly fly on stored electric power. SkyCruiser is able to fly at speeds in excess of 300 mph with a range of around 1,000 miles. Although capable of driving on roads, SkyCruiser is optimized for flight. Fast cruise bridges larger distances rapidly, while the VTOL capability enables it to land at or very close to its passengers’ destination. SkyCruiser was scheduled to come to market at the end of the current decade (before 2020).

Krossblade SkyProwler 

SkyProwler is a UAV/drone prototype used by Krossblade to develop the essential mechanisms and concepts for the larger SkyCruiser. It’s a purely electrical aircraft that utilizes the switchblade mechanism to transform from multirotor mode for VTOL to a pure aircraft mode for fast and efficient cruise. Possible applications include delivery.  SkyProwler flies with speeds of up to 55 mph.

Krossblade SkyProwler 2 
SkyProwler 2 was introduced in 2019. It has the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) ability. VTOL is facilitated by the transforming process of its arms by folding and expanding.

Switchblade mechanism
Rather than employing a rigid frame to mount motors and rotors, as is done in quadcopters and other multi-rotors, the switchblade mechanism mounts motors and rotors on movable arms. These arms can pivot, enabling storage of the rotors and motors inside the fuselage, where they do not cause aerodynamic drag and hence enable aircraft to fly faster and more efficiently. Compared to a pure-winged aircraft, the VTOL system, including the switchblade mechanism, increases the weight of an aircraft by around 15%.

See also

 Flying car (fiction)
 Personal air vehicle
 Comparison of personal air vehicles
 CarterCopter
 Intermodal passenger transport
 Aerocar
 Aerocar Aero-Plane
 Aerocar Coot

References

External links
Official Website of Krossblade Aerospace Systems

Roadable aircraft
2014 establishments in Arizona
American companies established in 2014
Technology companies established in 2014
Vortech. Vortech, Inc. is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Fallston, Maryland. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of rotorcraft in the form of plans and kits for amateur construction. Some of their designs also comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well.

Founded in 1970, Vortech and its parent company, Prismz, provide plans, books, some kits and parts to enable hobbyists to construct a wide array of machines, including: helicopters, autogyros, mini-cars, trikes, scooters, wind generators, engines, boats and electroplating systems. Prismz also provides computer graphics and publishing layout services.

Vortech also manufactures its own line of helicopter rotor blades made from single-piece metal extrusions.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Helicopters
Autogyros
Guillermo Sapiro. Guillermo Sapiro (born 1966) is a Uruguayan computer scientist, electrical engineer and professor who has made notable contributions to image processing. He worked at The University of Minnesota for 15 years before becoming a James B. Duke Distinguished Professor at Duke University where he spent over 12 years before moving to Princeton University as a Distinguished Augustine Family Professor. He is also a Distinguished Engineer at Apple Inc.. He has also worked at Hewlett Packard Labs (HP Laboratories) researching image processing and is known for being one of the people who originally developed the LOCO-I Compression Algorithm for lossless image compression (that was used in NASA's ICER image file format for various Mars rover expeditions) while he was working there. He has also made significant contributions towards the development of the rotobrush tool in Adobe After Effects, which has been included in After Effects since version CS5. Adobe makes use of his research in various projects like Photoshop and also frequently hires his students. He also teaches a massive open online course through Coursera on image and video processing. The title of the course is "Image and video processing: From Mars to Hollywood with a stop at the hospital." 

He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineer, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of IEEE, and Fellow of SIAM. He is also the only scientists to have received the Test-of-Time-Award both in machine learning and in computer vision.

He lives with his wife, older son, younger daughter, and a golden doodle named Inti.

References

1966 births
Living people
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
Israeli computer scientists
Israeli electrical engineers
Uruguayan computer scientists
Duke University faculty
University of Minnesota faculty
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers