omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Highly Evasive Adaptive Threat. A Highly Evasive Adaptive Threat (HEAT) is a cybersecurity attack type designed to bypass traditional network security defenses.  HEAT attacks are designed to find ways around protections that have been in place for years. HEAT attacks are able to bypass typical cybersecurity controls, such as secure web gateways (SWG) and anti-malware capabilities, through malicious links disguised as common URLs that victims assume are safe. HEAT attacks go beyond traditional phishing methods, which have historically been delivered by email, by inserting themselves into links that are not flagged by anti-phishing software. Similar to most cybersecurity threats, the drivers of HEAT attacks are primarily monetary and political. HEAT attacks focus on technical limitations of commonly deployed security tools with the primary target being web browsers. Nation-states and cybercriminals typically use HEAT attacks for phishing attempts or ransomware initial access. 

Highly Adaptive Evasive Threats (HEAT) require adaptive threat analysis technology to detect threats missed by other approaches.

Definition
HEAT attacks demonstrate four primary characteristics
Evades offline categorization and threat detection  - HEAT attacks bypass URL filtering by using ephemeral and/or compromised malicious sites with benign categorization.
Evades malicious link analysis  - HEAT attacks bypass email security tools by expanding from email phishing links to other sources such as web, social media, SMS, and file sharing platforms.
Evades static and dynamic content inspection  - HEAT attacks bypass file-based inspection by using dynamic file downloads (i.e. HTML smuggling).
Evades HTTP traffic inspection  - HEAT attacks bypass HTTP content/page inspection by using dynamically generated and/or obfuscated content (JavaScript code and images).

History and notable HEAT attacks
Though some of the techniques used in HEAT attacks have been in the industry for several years, the increasing trends towards remote work, increasing use of Software as a Service (SaaS) and browser-based applications, and ransomware attacks have accelerated adoption of HEAT techniques by attackers.  

DURI  - the DURI HEAT attack was discovered in 2020. Duri's payload was malware that had been previously detected.  However the delivery method evolved to use a HEAT attack technique,  HTML smuggling, to increase its infection rate of targeted endpoints :.   
Qakbot  - Qakbot is a banking trojan that has been in use since at least 2007. Qakbot is actively maintained and recent modifications include the use of HEAT attacks such as password protected zip files.
Nobelium  - Nobelium malware is typically used in attacks focused on financial services and other highly targeted victims. The smuggling technique encoded a script within a web page or HTML attachment.  The user's web browser decodes the script which subsequently creates the malware payload on the host computer.

References 

Information sensitivity
Computer security
Joseph Padovan. Joseph Padovan (14 April 1943 - ) is a retired University of Akron Distinguished Professor known for pioneering finite element procedures for analysis of rolling tires.

Education 

Padovan received his B.S. (1965), M.S. (1967) and Ph.D. (1969) degrees in Mechanical Engineering, all from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.

Career 

Padovan joined the University of Akron Mechanical Engineering faculty in 1970.  He developed the first finite element procedures for the analysis of steady state rolling.  These procedures are now widely used in the tire industry. He was an associate editor of the journal Tire Science and Technology for 36 years.  In 2003, he famously was the last Tire Society speaker to present his work on an overhead projector.

Awards

 1986 - University Researcher of the Year, University of Akron.
 1988 - A.T. Colwell Merit Award, Society of Automotive Engineers.
 1988 - Certificate of Recognition, NASA.
 1990 - Best Paper Award, Tire Society.
 2014 - Tire Technology International Lifetime Achievement Award
 2018 - Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award from Rubber Division of the ACS

References 

Polymer scientists and engineers
Tire industry people
University of Akron faculty
Aadeel Akhtar. Aadeel Akhtar (born 15 January 1987) is a neuroscientist and electrical engineer. He is CEO and founder of the bionics company PSYONIC. In 2021, he was named one of MIT Technology Review’s 35 Innovators Under 35 and was featured in Newsweek’s “America's 50 Greatest Disruptors: Visionaries Who Are Changing the World.”

Academic career 
Akhtar earned his Ph.D. in Neuroscience and M.S. in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2016. He received a B.S. in Biology in 2007 and M.S. in Computer Science in 2008 at Loyola University Chicago.

PSYONIC 
The company's first product, the Ability Hand, is the fastest bionic hand in the world with sensors that attach to the users’ remaining limb, allowing them to control the hand with their arm muscles. It is also the first hand on the market to give users touch feedback, so they can feel what sensors in the fingertips are experiencing, and it is covered by Medicare.

In early 2024, PSYONIC completed a $3.1 million crowdfunded equity raise and earned a $1 million offer on ABC's Shark Tank from Lori Greiner, Daymond John, and Kevin O’Leary. 

Akhtar launched PSYONIC in 2015 while a graduate student at UIUC. He says that he was first inspired to work on affordable and accessible prosthetic limbs when he met an amputee as a child on a family trip to Pakistan.

The company offers a research version of their bionic hand that is used by organizations like Apptronik, NASA, and Meta. Two of the top five finishers in the ANA AVATAR XPRIZE used PSYONIC Ability Hands.

Akhtar and PSYONIC also develop artificial tendons and collaborate with Northwestern University’s John Rogers on flexible patches that provide haptic feedback through the skin for augmented reality applications.

References

External links 
 

American neuroscientists
American technology executives
Inventors from Illinois
Scientists from Illinois
Living people
People from Streamwood, Illinois
1987 births
Alma Y. Alanís. Alma Yolanda Alanís García (born 1980) is a Mexican electrical engineer and control theorist specializing in intelligent control, and in particular in the use of artificial neural networks for applications including the control of electric motors, robot manipulators, and unmanned aerial vehicles. She is a chair professor and researcher in the Department of Computational Sciences at the University of Guadalajara.

Education and career
Alanís was born in Durango in 1980, and earned an electrical engineering degree from the Durango Institute of Technology in 2002. She did her graduate study in electrical engineering at the Guadalajara unit of CINVESTAV, earning a master's degree in 2004 and completing her doctorate in 2007. Her dissertation, Discrete-time Neural Control: Application to Induction Motors, was jointly supervised by Edgar N. Sanchez and Alexander G. Loukianov.

She took her present position at the University of Guadalajara in 2008.

Books
Alanís is the coauthor of books including:
Discrete-Time High Order Neural Control: Trained with Kalman Filtering (with Edgar N. Sanchez and Alexander G. Loukianov, Springer Studies in Computational Intelligence 112, 2008)
Decentralized Neural Control: Application to Robotics (with Ramon García-Hernández, Michel López-Franco, Edgar N. Sanchez, and José A. Ruz-Hernández, Springer Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 96, 2017)
Discrete-Time Neural Observers: Analysis and Applications (with Edgar N. Sanchez, Academic Press, 2017)
Bio-inspired Algorithms for Engineering (with Nancy Arana-Daniel and Carlos López-Franco, Elsevier, 2018)
Neural Networks for Robotics: An Engineering Perspective (with Nancy Arana-Daniel and Carlos López-Franco, CRC Press, 2019)
Neural Networks Modeling and Control: Applications for Unknown Nonlinear Delayed Systems in Discrete Time (with Jorge D. Ríos, Nancy Arana-Daniel, Carlos López-Franco, Academic Press, 2020)

She is also co-editor of:
Artificial Neural Networks for Engineering Applications (with Nancy Arana-Daniel and Carlos López-Franco, Elsevier, 2019)

Recognition
Alanis is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, elected in 2017.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from Durango City
Mexican engineers
Mexican women engineers
Control theorists
Academic staff of the University of Guadalajara
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
Breathe (2024 film). Breathe is a 2024 American science fiction thriller film directed by Stefon Bristol, written by Doug Simon, and starring Jennifer Hudson, Milla Jovovich, Quvenzhané Wallis, Common, and Sam Worthington. The film is set in a world where oxygen levels on Earth have dropped making it impossible to live on the planet's surface without specialised equipment. It was released on April 26, 2024.

Plot 
After a tipping point catastrophe, Earth is void of plants and global oxygen levels have dropped to 5%. Instead of communicating properly and working together, the survivors create artificial conflict and fight for an "oxygen generator", killing each other and destroying the machine. The survivors move on to the next place with an oxygen generator.

Cast 
 Jennifer Hudson as Maya
 Milla Jovovich as Tess
 Quvenzhané Wallis as Zora
 Common as Darius
 Sam Worthington as Lucas
 Raúl Castillo as Micah
 Dan Martin as Mike

Production 
In December 2019, Doug Simon's screenplay Breathe was revealed to be on that year's "Black List" of the most-liked unproduced screenplays in Hollywood. In May 2022, it was announced that Sam Worthington, Jennifer Hudson, Milla Jovovich, Quvenzhané Wallis and Common were set to star in the film, to be directed by Stefon Bristol.

Filming took place on location in Pennsylvania during late 2022.

Release
Breathe was released in limited theaters, VOD and digital formats on April 26, 2024.

Reception

References

External links 
 

2024 science fiction action films
American post-apocalyptic films
American science fiction action films
English-language science fiction action films
Films directed by Stefon Bristol
Films produced by Basil Iwanyk
Films shot in Pennsylvania
Thunder Road Films films
Variance Films films
Li Tianchu. Li Tianchu (; 4 November 1945 – 28 December 2022) was a Chinese metrologist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Biography
Li was born in Guiyang, Guizhou, on 4 November 1945, while his ancestral home is in Jinzhai County, Anhui. In 1964, he entered Tsinghua University, graduating in 1970 with a bachelor's degree in combustion physics. He went on to receive his master's degree in laser applications in 1981 and doctor's degree in engineering optics in 1991 at Tsinghua University. From October 1984 to November 1986, he studied at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom.

Li joined the National Institute of Metrology in December 1986, becoming research follow in 1994 and senior research follow in 2005.

Li died on 28 December 2022, at the age of 77.

Honours and awards
 1995 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class)
 2002 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
 2006 State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class)
 2011 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
 2015 Science and Technology Achievement Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
 2016 State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class)

References

1945 births
2022 deaths
People from Guiyang
Scientists from Guizhou
Tsinghua University alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese scientists
21st-century Chinese scientists
Sun Jingliang. Sun Jingliang (; 14 July 1930 – 28 December 2022) was a Chinese rocket engine engineer, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Sun was born in Ye County (now Laizhou), Shandong, on 14 July 1930. In 1947, he entered Harbin Institute of Technology, where he majored in aircraft engine. After graduating in March 1950, he became leader of the Translation Team of the Third Aviation School of the People's Liberation Army Air Force in Jinzhou. In September 1950, he was sent to study at Zhukovsky Military Aviation Engineering College on government scholarships, obtaining a vice-doctorate degree in March 1958.

Sun returned to China in March 1958 and that same year became an official in the 3rd Division of the 1st Branch of the 5th Academy of the Ministry of National Defense. In July 1965, he was appointed deputy leader and then leader of the No. 21 Institute of the 2nd Academy of the  (later reshuffled as Xinxin Machine Factory). In May 1978, he became deputy chief engineer of the Chief Engineer Office of Shanghai Space Administration (now Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology). In August 1983, he became deputy director of the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Space Administration, rising to director in June 1989.

On 28 December 2022, he died at the age of 92.

Honours and awards
 1985 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special)
 1995 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
 1996 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class)
 1998 Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation

References

Bibliography

1930 births
2022 deaths
People from Laizhou
Engineers from Shandong
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
Harold Herzlich Distinguished Technology Achievement Medal. The Harold Herzlich Distinguished Technology Achievement Medal is an award conferred that recognizes "innovators, who through persistence and dedication, have advanced a paradigm shift in tire manufacturing, tire reliability or performance". It is awarded as a part of the biennial ITEC tire show. Prior to 2012, it had been known by the name ITEC Distinguished Technology Achievement Award.

Recipients 

2012 - Marion Pottinger
2014 - Bernhard Blümich
2016 - Andreas Limper
2018 - Steven M. Cron
2020 - Walter H. Waddell
2022 - William V. Mars
2024 - Brendan Rogers

References 

Tire industry
Tire industry people
Gabriela Álvarez (engineer). Gabriela del Socorro Álvarez García (died 2017) was a Mexican mechanical engineer known for her research on solar energy and heat transfer in buildings and on the use of reflective building roofs to reduce the need for air conditioning.

Education and career
Álvarez is originally from Mexico City, and as an undergraduate studied physics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). After earning a master's degree in mechanical engineering from New Mexico State University in the US, she returned to UNAM for doctoral study in engineering. She completed her doctorate in 1994 with the dissertation Transferencia de calor en una cavidad con interaccion termica a traves de una cara semitransparente con controlador optico.

In 1989, she became a professor and researcher in the department of mechanical engineering at the Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET, the National Center for Research and Technological Development), in Cuernavaca. In 2014 CENIDET became part of the National Technological Institute of Mexico system.

She also served internationally in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Technical Committee 4.5 on fenestration, the first Mexican to do so.

Selected publications

Recognition
Álvarez was given a national prize for renewable energy innovation by the Mexican Secretary of Energy. She was a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.

References

Year of birth missing
20th-century births
2017 deaths
Engineers from Mexico City
Mexican mechanical engineers
Mexican women engineers
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
New Mexico State University alumni
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
Ruthven printing press. The Ruthven printing press was invented and manufactured by John Ruthven of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1819 to 1822. The Ruthven press was an iron bed press which functioned by means of an unconventional platen which rolled over a stationary table which held the type, where the pressure on the type faces was exerted from below, instead of in the conventional method where pressure was applied from above. The platen is supported by two iron springs, under which are four brass bevelled wheels which move along on two tracks made of bevelled steel.  After the impression is made the springs give way, and consequently rise up. The press overall incorporated a number of other rather complex mechanical components, the details of which are beyond the scope of this article. The press was smaller in size than most presses of this period, easier to use, and subsequently it quickly established a favorable reputation for itself among English printers.

The Ruthven printing press was put to use printing and establishing a number of newspapers in its day.
The first newspaper in Western Australia, The Fremantle Observer, Perth Gazette and Journal, issued April 5, 1831, was printed on the Ruthven press. As commercial printing ink was not available in Fremantle, an alternative ink was concocted by mixing lamp black soot and mutton fat, and the rollers were treated with a glue and treacle. The press was capable of printing 50 pages of newsprint in about one hour. Thereafter the press was purchased by another group of partners who put it to use print The Western Australian and The Inquisitor, but they never lasted due to political and social differences in publishing between some of the partners. Thereafter the  press was taken to Perth where it was employed in the printing of the Swan River Guardian, however, it was repossessed for non-payment. The next owner, E. Stirling, employed it briefly for printing The Western Australian Magazine. Originally manufactured in Scotland, it was brought to Tasmania around 1822 by the Scottish missionary Reverend Archibald Macarthur, who sold it to the colonial authorities in Hobart Town, but it proved to be not large enough for the task they had intended and they subsequently sold the press to a former government printer, who in turn probably sold it to Samuel Dowsett, who printed Launceston's second newspaper, the Cornwall Press, in 1829.

See also
 Adam Ramage, printing press manufacturer in the early 1800s
 George E. Clymer, printing press manufacturer in the early 1800s
 Early American publishers and printers

Citations

Sources
 
 
 
 

Printing
19th century in England
Tatiana Segura. Tatiana Segura is an American biomedical engineer who is a professor at Duke University. Her research considers biomedical engineering solutions to promote cell growth. She was elected Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2017 and awarded the Acta Biomaterialia Silver Medal in 2021.

Early life and education 
Segura earned her undergraduate degree at the University of California, Berkeley. She moved to Northwestern University for her doctoral research, where she used hydrogel scaffolds for non-viral gene delivery with Lonnie Shea. Segura moved to the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne working alongside Jeffrey Hubbell on polymer self-assembly.

Research and career 
Segura joined University of California, Los Angeles in 2007. She moved to the Duke University Pratt School of Engineering in 2018. Segura studies new materials for in situ tissue repair. Her research focuses on the development of hydrogels that can help the body repair damaged or diseased tissue. These gels can help the repair by forming a scaffold in the wound that acts like an extracellular matrix, encouraging tissue growth. By integrating an integrin-binding molecule, the blood vessels that form within this new tissue are stronger. These hydrogels can harness the body's innate immune response, promoting endogenous (and rapid) tissue repair. In particular, Segura considers the growth of new neurons and new blood vessels to enable healing in the brain and the skin. New neurons could limit the impact of conditions such as strokes, and in the skin, new blood vessels promote sebaceous gland growth, minimizing scarring.

Segura created coatings for orthopaedic implants that contained antibiotics, which can eliminate infectious bacteria and transform surgical implants.

Awards and honors 
 American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Outstanding Young Investigator Award
 American Heart Association National Scientist Development Grant
 National Science Foundation CAREER Award 
 Elected to the College of Fellows at the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineers
 Acta Biomaterialia Silver Medal Award

Selected publications

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American biomedical engineers
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Northwestern University alumni
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
University of California, Los Angeles people
Duke University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Elk River Dam. The Elk River Dam, completed in 1952, impounds the Elk River in the US state of Tennessee to form the Woods Reservoir.   The US Air Force and Arnold Engineering Development Center own and operate Woods Reservoir.  The dam itself is just under 3,000 feet long and holds back 26 billion gallons of water on a  reservoir.  The water is used to help the Arnold Air Force Base with cooling of their wind-tunnel equipment.

Water exiting from the dam flows along the Elk River into Tims Ford Lake.

References 

1952 establishments
Dams in Tennessee
Mayra Álvarez. Mayra Angélica Álvarez Lemus is a Mexican nanoscientist. She is a professor and researcher at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco.

Education and career
Álvarez was an undergraduate at UAM Azcapotzalco, where she earned a degree in chemical engineering.  She earned a doctorate in chemistry in 2008 at UAM Iztapalapa.

She has been part of the Mexican national system of researchers since 2009. Initially she worked on nanomedicine, in the team of Tessy María López Goerne at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Tlalpan. She has held her present position at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco since 2013, and has participated there in research on the use of silica nanoparticles in the extraction of petroleum.

Recognition
Álvarez is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences and Academia de Catálisis.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican chemists
Mexican chemical engineers
Mexican women engineers
Mexican women chemists
Women materials scientists and engineers
Nanotechnologists
Academic staff of Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences