omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
École de L'Aviation de Chasse 314 Christian Martell. École de L'Aviation de Chasse 314 Christian Martell was a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) Fighter Pilot Training School located at Tours Saint Symphorien Air Base (BA 705), Indre-et-Loire, France which operated the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet. It was operational from 1961, until Pilatus PC-21 light trainers were ordered to replace its Alpha Jets, which entered service in 2018 with EPAA 00.315 at BA 709 Cognac.

On 12 September 2020, École de Pilotage de l’Armée de l’Air 315 Général Jarry (EPAA 00.315) was merged with the école de l'aviation chasse EAC 00.314, to form l'école de l'aviation de chasse 00.315 "Christian Martell" at Cognac.

EAC 00.315 has Pilatus PC-21 aircraft (EIV 1/13 Artois, EIV 3/4 Limousin et EIV 3/13 Auvergne) and Grob 120 aircraft (EIV 2/12 Picardie, STANEVAL 1/11 Roussillon et EIV 4/11 Jura). It manages des parcours de formations de navigants, désignés par "Mentor" (Mentor 1 ; Mentor 2 à partir de 2025).

The insignia of EAC 00.315 is a stork on a night-blue starry background.

See also
 :fr:Centre d'instruction de la chasse, last accessed March 2021
 List of French Air and Space Force aircraft squadrons

References

 
 
  
  

Military units and formations of the French Air and Space Force
Flying Training Schools of air forces
Military units and formations disestablished in 2020
École de L'Aviation de Transport 319 Capitaine Jean Dartiques. École de L'Aviation de Transport 319 Capitaine Jean Dartiques is a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) Transport Aviation School located at Avord Air Base, Cher, France which operates the Embraer EMB 121 Xingu.

See also

 List of French Air and Space Force aircraft squadrons

References

French Air and Space Force squadrons
Training establishments of the French Air and Space Force
Centre de Formation à l'Aéronautique Militaire Initiale 5/312 Capitaine Élisabeth Boselli. Centre de Formation à l'Aéronautique Militaire Initiale 5/312 Capitaine Élisabeth Boselli is a French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) Initial Military Flight Training Center located at Salon-de-Provence Air Base, Bouches-du-Rhône, France which operates the Cirrus SR20 and the Cirrus SR22.

See also

 List of French Air and Space Force aircraft squadrons

References

French Air and Space Force squadrons
Frederick C. Durant. Frederick Clark  Durant III (December 31, 1916- October 21, 2015) was an American author,  naval test pilot, chemical engineer, and expert in rocketry and spaceflight.  Durant served as a "key advisor" to U.S. military, intelligence, and space-flight programs, playing a central role in Project Orbiter, the first US satellite program.

In his later years, Durant served as assistant director of the National Air and Space Museum and an editor of Encyclopædia Britannica.

Childhood and education
Durant was a descendant of Thomas C. Durant and engineer Joseph Harrison, Jr.
Durant's father was Frederick C. Durant Jr., an engineer educated at MIT and the Colorado School of Mines, who became president of a telephone company

Fred C. Durant III graduated the Haverford preparatory school in 1934.  In 1939, Durant earned a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from Lehigh University.  From 1939 to 1941, Durant was employed as a chemical engineer with the E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., at Pennsgrove, New Jersey.

Aviator
In May 1941, Durant enlisted as a US naval aviation cadet. Durant went on to serve as naval aviator and flight instructor. In 1946, retired from the Navy at the rank of Commander in the Naval Reserves.  In 1951, Durant returned to service as a test pilot, ultimately flying some 30 different types of aircraft.

Rocketry and spaceflight

In 1947, Durant began work as a rocket engineer with Bell Aircraft in Buffalo New York.  From 1948 to 1951, he served as Director of Engineering at the U.S. Naval Air Rocket  Test Station  at Dover, New Jersey. In 1953, he became the president of the American Rocket Society

Durant was a Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society, the German Society for Aviation and Space Flight (DGLR), and the  Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences
Durant was a  consultant to the Department of Defense, Bell Aerosystems Co., Central Intelligence Agency, others.
From 1954 to 1955, Durant was part of Project Orbiter, along with von Braun.

Later life: Smithsonian director and author
In 1961, Durant moved to D.C., where he would stay until 1999.
In 1965,  Durant became the assistant director of National Air and Space Museum.  He retired from that post in 1980.  During his time at the Smithsonian, Durant wrote articles for Encyclopædia Britannica on rockets and spaceflight.  In 1983, Durant collaborated with Ron Miller and illustrator Chesley Bonestell on a book entitled Worlds Beyond. The book features a foreword by Arthur C. Clarke.

Personal life 
Durant was a lifelong member of Society of American Magicians.
He married Celeste Bennett, who died from hepatitis
In 1947, Durant married Carolyn Jones  ("Pip").  He was father to three sons and one daughter.
Durant died in 2015, being preceded in death by his two of his sons: Derek and William.

References

20th-century American engineers
Early spaceflight scientists
NASA people
Space advocates
Aviators from Pennsylvania
American magicians
1916 births
2015 deaths
Lehigh University alumni
Haverford School alumni
People from Ardmore, Pennsylvania
Electric Loco Shed, Kazipet. Electric Loco Shed, Kazipet is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Kazipet of the South Central Railway zone in Telangana, India.

Operations
Being one of the three electric engine sheds in South Central Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 100 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 172 engine units, including 100 WAG-7 and 72 WAG-9. Like all locomotive sheds, KZJ does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives.

Markings
Kazipet loco shed has its own logo and stencils. Mostly the shed uses sticker logo.

Locomotives

References

Kazipet
Hanamkonda district
2006 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Rail transport in Telangana
Transport in Warangal
Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi. Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Itarsi of the West Central Railway zone in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is one of the major Electric loco shed in West Central Railway of the three sheds, others being at Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad (TKD) and New Katni Jn (NKJ). As of 1 December 2022 there are 171 locomotives in the shed.

History
Steam locomotives used to exist at Itarsi until the late 1970s. After Central Railway (former, now under West Central Railways) set a deadline to eliminate all steam locomotive operations by 1990, a push was given towards establishing electric locomotion as the primary motive power, and the steam locomotive sheds were decommissioned. To meet the needs of exponentially increasing rail traffic on the new continuous broad-gauge lines from Central Madhya Pradesh to rest of India with the completion of gauge conversion, the Itarsi was selected by Indian Railways for a new electric locomotive shed.

With the completion of Bhopal-Khandwa Electrification in the year 1990-1991, new electric locomotive shed was inaugurated in July 1991 with 15 Indian locomotive class WAG-2 which stayed until late 2000, when they were withdrawn from service. It later got a large fleet of WAM-4 locos from Electric Loco Shed, Ajni and WAG-5 from other sheds but later some of these were then moved to other sheds and now all WAM-4 are withdrawn from service/scrapped. All WAG-5 locos are either transferred to New Katni ELS, Katni DLS, Itarsi DLS or scrapped. New WAP-7 locos were acquired in 2018. In November 2020, Itarsi ELS got its first WAG-9 locomotive.

Operations
Being one of the three electric engine sheds in West Central Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned augmented capacity of 175 locomotives units. Beyond the sanctioned capacity, this shed houses a total of 171 engine units, including 19 WAP-4, 55 WAP-7 and 97 WAG-9 and the holding numbers are going to increase in the near future as new locos have been allotted by Railway board to ET shed. Like all locomotive sheds, ET does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives. It handled prestigious trains like the Amarkantak Express, Rani Kamlapati-Jabalpur Janshatabdi Express, Humsafar Express and many more mail express and superfast trains. It formerly used to hold the largest fleet of WAP-4 locomotives all over the Indian Railways but now a major chunk of the WAP-4 locomotives has been transferred to other sheds.
Itarsi based WAG-9 locomotives perform banking duties with fully loaded freight trains at Budni ghats.

Livery and markings

Itarsi ELS has its own logo and stencils. It is written on loco's body side as well as front & back side.

Locomotives

Former locomotives

References 

Itarsi
Hoshangabad district
1991 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh
Amikuk. The Amikuk is a creature of Yup'ik legend, said to live within the ground. 

As a shapeshifter, the Amikuk is said to take many forms, and to behave differently dependent on where a person encounters them. In the sea, it is reported to be hairless with four arms. Its skin is leathery, and it will attack hunters in their kayaks, dragging them under the water to be eaten. As it lives within the ground, the Amikuk will pursue hunters onto land, swimming through the earth as easily as they swim through the water.

In its natural habitat within the earth itself, the Amikuk is said to turn the surface a person is walking on into quicksand by quickly "swimming" around them. If a person is holding a walking stick, they will become tired as this is happening. The Amikuk will then swim upwards, into the person themselves, making the person they now inhabit weak. An Amikuk may also jump through a person, which causes them to "lie down and [die]".

The Amikuk can also take the form of a human, which it may do when it is "tired of being amikut for a long time". In human form, the Amikuk may be referred to as a Qamungelriit. Yup'ik elders describe coming across an Amikuk pulling a sled across the ice, which it can only do in a straight line. If a person encounters an Amikuk in human form, they should sit down with their back to the creature, and not speak to it. The Amikuk is then said to offer gifts of increasing value. The legends state that a person should be silent until the Amikuk has offered the person everything they need, or everything that is on their mind.

When the Amikuk is shot, it is said to multiply into eight beings.

A traditional Yup'ik mask representing the Amikuk by Aarnaquq (a.k.a. Phillip John Charette) is on permanent display at the Portland Art Museum.

References

Yupik culture
Legendary creatures of the indigenous peoples of North America
Earth spirits
Alaska folklore
Pont du Petit-Quatre. The pont du Petit-Quatre is a covered bridge in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.

Among the last in Quebec, 34 covered bridges were constructed in Abitibi, and are associated with the colonisation of the region in the early 1900s. Today fewer than half of them are extant.

The single-lane bridge is of Lattice truss bridge design. This design was modified by the Quebec Ministry of Colonisation and was used for more than 500 covered bridges in Quebec. Unlike most bridges of the design, the pont du Petit-Quatre has higher windows and 3 inch trusses rather than the usual 2in.

Built in 1950, it was renovated in 2012, when the capacity was changed to 5 from 12 tonnes.

The bridge does not benefit from any provincial or municipal protection.

References

See also 

List of covered bridges in Quebec

Buildings and structures in Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Bridges completed in 1950
Covered bridges in Canada
Road bridges in Quebec
EMU600 series. The EMU600 series is a series of electric multiple unit passenger trains operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). The trains are built as local trains and are used throughout the island’s rail network.

History 
With the electrification of the Yilan line and the North-link line in the early 2000s, the TRA faced a shortage of electric passenger trains. Therefore, in 1999, the TRA contracted South Korean manufacturer KOROS to build 56 more cars divided into 14 trainsets. The first two trainsets were shipped to Taiwan on October 3, 2000. When KOROS merged with other companies in 2002 to form Hyundai Rotem, the new company continued to produce the trains. The last two trainsets (numbered 613 and 614) were produced in Taiwan by Tang Eng Iron Works. The trains entered service on 11 October 2002.

Features 
The EMU600 series runs in four-car units in the following order: a motorized car with the cab (EMC), an unmotorized car with a pantograph (EP), an unmotorized car (ET), and a motorized car (EM). On the outside, the EMU600 series shares many similarities with the EMU500 series, which was manufactured six years earlier. Both exteriors are made of stainless steel and have very similar liveries. However, unlike its predecessor, the traction system on the EMU600 series uses a insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) made by Toshiba instead of a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) on the EMU500 series. 

Similar to other local trains, the EMU600 series is fitted with cloth seats running parallel to the center aisle. In 2010, an LED display was installed above the doors. The cars originally had one step at each door; this was removed beginning in 2017 by raising platforms and remodeling the interior to turn the trains into a low floor layout for accessibility. As of November 2019, 70% of EMU600 trains have been reconfigured.

References

Electric multiple units of Taiwan
Hyundai Rotem multiple units
25 kV AC multiple units
MyDevice. MyDevice was a smartphone manufactured by the Finnish company MyOrigo. The first prototype was developed and designed in early 2002 by Johannes Väänänen, but the phone was never released to the public markets. MyDevice was remarkable for its time, since it had auto-rotate function, web browser, simplistic "smartphone UI and functions" (like navigating with swipes) and it was more intended to be used without stylus. The device was presented to big manufacturers like Nokia, but the leaders at Nokia didn't see the potential for a touchscreen-phone.

In 2002 MyDevice prototype was presented to Apple's Steve Jobs. It has been suggested that MyDevice was the inspiration for the Apple iPhone, which was released in 2007.

References

Smartphones
Sri Lanka Railways M11. Class M11 is a mainline diesel-electric locomotive built by Banaras Locomotive Works, India, for use on Sri Lanka Railways and first delivered in 2018. This locomotive, clearly with its look, was developed from the WDG-4D (EMD JT46ACe) locomotive of the Indian Railways, which is originally of 4500 hp (3.4 MW), as it uses a 16-cylinder variant of the EMD 710 prime mover. The HP was derated to 3000 hp (2.25 MW) using a 12-cylinder variant of the same engine, making it look and sound similar to British/European Railways' popular Class 66 (EMD JT42CWR/M) locomotive, but with AC-AC traction.

The completed units are delivered by road trailer from Varanasi to the port of Chennai, before shipment to Sri Lanka. The units feature a microprocessor control system, TFT monitors as display units and roof-mounted Dynamic Brake Resistors. The locomotives were built under the auspices of the Make in India program.

As of January 2020, ten M 11 locomotives have been purchased under an Indian loan, with 8 being brought into the country. A total of 10 locomotives and 6 power sets were purchased for Rs 1000 million.

Local railway trade unions have expressed concern that the locomotives are not suitable for the rail lines in Sri Lanka. Union officials say the locomotives are too long to safely operate on local rail lines, being longer than any locomotive in service in Sri Lanka. They also note that the locomotives are equipped with an air compressor brake system, while most carriages in use in Sri Lanka have vacuum brakes, noting that the new M11s can't be used with most carriages in the country other than recently imported Chinese coaches.

The union officials also explain that railway lines in Sri Lanka are not maintained to such a high standard as they are in India and that using a high horsepower locomotive to pull only a few carriages seemed wasteful. Major rail lines would need to be rebuilt in order to use the M11 locomotives to their full potential. The locomotives are deemed unsuitable by their operators for their tasks they are assigned, putting public safety at risk. Union officials have expressed concern that government officials received large commissions when the locomotives were delivered. Railway officials have said all allegations are baseless.

A significant accident occurred when M11 number 953 derailed on 19 December 2019 on the line between Maradana and Dermatagoda stations, causing the line to be shut down for two days. The Puttalam and Kelani Valley lines were also affected by the accident.

See also

Diesel locomotives of Sri Lanka
Indian locomotive class WDG-4
EMD Class 66

References

M11
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2018
Electric Loco Shed, Tatanagar. Electric Loco Shed, Tatanagar is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at Tatanagar of the South Eastern Railway zone in Jharkhand, India.

Operations
Being one of the three electric engine sheds in South Eastern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 120 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 200 engine units, including 27 WAP-7 and 174 WAG-9. Like all locomotive sheds, TATA does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives.

Livery & Markings
TATA based WAP-7 has TATA Steel advertisement on loco's body side.

Tatanagar loco shed has its own logo and stencils. It is written on loco's body side as well as front & back side.

Locomotives

References

Tatanagar
Jamshedpur
1962 establishments in Bihar
Rail transport in Jharkhand
Buildings and structures in Jamshedpur
INS Betwa (F139). INS Betwa (F139) was a Leopard-class Type 41 anti aircraft frigate of the Indian Navy, named after the Betwa river.

Development and design
These ships were designed to provide anti-aircraft escorts to convoys and light fleet aircraft carriers of the Sydney and Virkant classes and act as light destroyers on detached duties; as a result they were not built for fleet carrier task force speed —28 knots for the Victorious and Audacious classes and made only . They were envisioned in late World War II and immediately after as part of the 1944 project for a common hull anti-submarine warfare (A/S), anti-air warfare (A/A), and A/D frigate, and the design of the Type 41 was completed by December 1947.

Through their diesel-electric propulsion the Type 41s achieved long range through their low fuel use. The Leopard class was also fitted with an early type of hydraulic stabiliser system consisting of two fins that could be extended outside the main hull, to port and starboard, from a compartment between the two engine rooms. Gyro controlled with a relatively simple control system, they proved very effective in use. During testing every three months at sea, the ship could be easily driven into a 20°+ roll from the manual control on the bridge. Prior warning had to be given over the ship's tannoy system before testing was carried out, to allow stowage of loose items. Slight reduction in top speed was also noticed when in use.

However, by 1955 success had been achieved, with difficulty and limitations, in developing new steam turbines giving 30-knot speed and the range to take convoys across the Atlantic, embodied in the Whitby-class Type 12 frigates. As a result, the orders for the new diesel-electric frigates were cancelled, changed to orders for Type 12, or sold to India.

Within a few years of the Type 41's introduction in the late 1950s they were regarded as obsolete for their intended function as anti-aircraft convoy escorts. This was emphasized when the planned replacement of the 4.5" guns with 3"/70 AA guns was abandoned (in January 1955) due to cost and the view that AA guns were obsolete against jets and missiles. Adding power-ramming for the twin 4.5" guns, intended to boost the rate of fire from 14rpm to 24rpm, failed. Innovative additions of STAAG ("Stabilised Tachymetric Anti-Aircraft Gun"), CIWS mount, and replacement of the experimental version of the fast rotating 992 target indicators with the slower standard 993 were all abandoned. Only a short range 262 radar MRS1 provided secondary AA fire control for the main armament.

Construction and career
Betwa was laid down on 29 May 1957 by Vickers-Armstrong and launched on 15 September 1959. Commissioned on 8 December 1960. She was decommissioned on 31 December 1991.

She carried pennant number F139, in 1980s changed to F39.

She was broken up in 1998.

References

1959 ships
Leopard-class frigates
Miniature Self-Defense Missile. The Miniature Self-Defense Missile (MSDM) is a US Air Force concept for a weapon designed to take out anti-aircraft missiles. Lacking a warhead, it requires a direct impact to destroy its target. It was first announced in 2015 and is being developed by Raytheon with first fly test expected by 2023.

Similar projects 

 Hard Kill Self Protection Countermeasure System (HKSPCS) (US Navy)
 Hard Kill Defensive Aid System (HK-DAS) (MBDA)

References 

Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States
SONiC (operating system). The Software for Open Networking in the Cloud or alternatively abbreviated and stylized as SONiC, is a free and open source network operating system based on Linux. It was originally developed by Microsoft and the Open Compute Project. In 2022, Microsoft ceded oversight of the project to the Linux Foundation, who will continue to work with the Open Compute Project for continued ecosystem and developer growth. SONiC includes the networking software components necessary for a fully functional L3 device and was designed to meet the requirements of a cloud data center. It allows cloud operators to share the same software stack across hardware from different switch vendors and works on over 100 different platforms. There are multiple companies offering enterprise service and support for SONiC.

Overview
SONiC was developed and open sourced by Microsoft in 2016.
The software decouples network software from the underlying hardware and is built on the Switch Abstraction Interface API. It runs on network switches and ASICs from multiple vendors. Notable supported network features include Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), remote direct memory access (RDMA), QoS, and various other Ethernet/IP technologies.  Much of the protocol support is provided through inclusion of the FRRouting suite of routing daemons.

The SONiC community includes cloud providers, service providers, and silicon and component suppliers, as well as networking hardware OEMs and ODMs. It has more than 850 members. 

The source code is licensed under a mix of open source licenses including the GNU General Public License and the Apache License, and is available on GitHub.

References

External links
 
 

2017 software
Computing platforms
Debian-based distributions
Free and open-source software
Linux
Linux Foundation projects
Microsoft free software
Microsoft operating systems
Network operating systems
Software using the Apache license
Software using the GNU General Public License