omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fisher R-80 Tiger Moth. The Fisher R-80 Tiger Moth is a Canadian two-seat, conventional landing gear, single engined, biplane kit aircraft designed for construction by amateur builders. The designation indicates that the aircraft is 80% the size of the aircraft that inspired it, the de Havilland Tiger Moth. Fisher Flying Products was originally based in Edgeley, North Dakota, USA but the company is now located in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada.

Development
The R-80 was designed by Fisher Aircraft in the United States in 1994 and was intended to comply with the US Experimental - Amateur-built category, although it qualifies as an ultralight aircraft in some countries, such as Canada. It also qualifies as a US Experimental Light Sport Aircraft. The R-80's standard empty weight is  when equipped with a  Norton AE 100R engine and it has a gross weight of .

The construction of the R-80 is of wood, with the wings, tail and fuselage covered with doped aircraft fabric. The aircraft features interplane struts and cabane struts. Like the original Tiger Moth, the R-80 has no flaps. The R-80's main landing gear is bungee suspended. Cockpit access is via the lower wing. The company claims an amateur builder would need 600 hours to build the R-80.

Specified engines for the R-80 version have included the  Geo Tracker auto-conversion engine and the  Norton AE 100R rotary engine.

By late 2011 more than 24 R-80s were flying.

In 2000 Fisher introduced a welded 4130 steel tube fuselage as an alternative to the standard wooden fuselage. This version featured a LOM M132 engine of , a gross weight of  and was developed at the request of customers. The steel fuselage version was known as the RS-80. Six RS-80s had been completed by the end of 2004. Since the company moved to Canada, the RS-80 option is no longer available.

In reviewing the R-80 Ben Millspaugh wrote in Kitplanes Magazine:

Operational history
In 2000 African Flying Adventures purchased four RS-80 kits to be used for tourist flying in Zimbabwe.

Variants
R-80
Original version with wooden fuselage
RS-80
Version with welded 4130 steel tube fuselage, introduced in 2000 and discontinued 2008.

Aircraft on display
NX34TM Tillamook Air Museum, Tillamook, Oregon/

Specifications (R-80)

Notable appearances in media
In 2015, an R-80 Tiger Moth built by Jerry Boughner was featured in the Taylor Swift video Wildest Dreams.

See also

References

External links

Official website
Photo of an R-80
Photo of an RS-80

1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1994
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
R-80
Single-engined piston aircraft
Pará-class destroyer (1908). The Pará-class destroyers were a class of ten destroyers built for the Brazilian Navy between 1908 and 1910 by Yarrow in the Scotstoun district of Glasgow, Scotland. All were named after states of Brazil. The class closely resembled the British s. All ten ships were ordered under the 1907 Naval Programme and exceeded the design speed during sea trials, the best being Parana. The class proved very maneuverable with a turning circle of 375 yards at full speed. The class served in both World War I and World War II.

Design

The Pará class was designed for a crew of 104 men, powered by double shaft, four-cylinder VTE engines with two coal-fired Yarrow boilers which produced . With a capacity of 140 tons of coal their range was  at . They were armed with two  guns, four 3-pounder guns, and two  torpedo tubes.

All units exceeded their  design speed; the best trial speed was Parana, at .  The ships were divided into ten watertight compartments by bulkheads from the outer bottom plating to the upper deck. The class proved to be very maneuverable; the diameter of the turning circle was  at full speed and  at two-thirds speed.

Ships

Ten ships were ordered under the 1907 Naval Program intended to modernize the navy; all built by Yarrow.

 — launched 14 July 1908, stricken 1933.
 — launched 7 December 1908, stricken 1944.
 — launched 21 November 1908, stricken 1931.
 — launched 23 January 1909, stricken 1946.
 — launched 1909, stricken 1944.
 — launched 18 May 1909, stricken 1944.
 — launched 29 July 1909, disarmed 1939.
 — launched 26 October 1909, stricken 1944.
 — launched 27 March 1910, disarmed 1933.
 — launched 25 May 1910, stricken 1944.

See also

References

Sources
 
 

Destroyer classes
 
 
 
Brazil–United Kingdom relations
NOREM. NOREM is a hardfacing material developed by the Electric Power Research Institute to deal with radiation safety issues associated with the use of cobalt alloys in nuclear power station coolant systems (see stellite for a discussion of the problem). It is a solid-solution strengthened austenitic matrix with a continuous network of eutectic and non-eutectic carbides at the grain boundaries. It is intended to be deposited by various welding processes.

Characteristics
There are eight variants of NOREM currently available, depending on application and designated 02, 02A, 03A, 03B, 04A, 04B, 05A, 05B. A typical elemental composition is 60% iron, 25% chromium, 4.5% manganese, 4.0% nickel, 3.3% silicon, 2.0% molybdenum, 1.2% carbon. Earlier compositions included either significantly more manganese (12% in alloy 04) or significantly more nickel (8% in alloy M2).

These are extremely hard alloys. NOREM 02 is ten times as resistant as 308 stainless steel to cavitation erosion.  They are essentially corrosion-immune under the conditions inside CANDU reactors and erode at about 200 micrograms per square centimetre per year under pressurized water reactor conditions. Due to the high hardness, the strength is relatively low: approximately  yield strength and it fails at 0.6% elongation.

Use in power plants
The first use of NOREM was as replacement discs in three Chemical Volume Control System isolation valves at Consolidated Edison's Indian Point unit 2. It is now used in about 800 valves installed by about 30 utility companies.  There has been one case of a NOREM valve disc being found damaged, at the Callaway Nuclear Generating Station, though it seems the valve was not being used in an appropriate application.

Given the high cavitation resistance, NOREM has been tested for hydroelectric applications; it seems not to be as impressively cavitation-resistant in the field as in the lab, though only one layer of the material was used in the test, and the Electric Power Research Institute recommends at least two.

References
Performance of NOREM Hardfacing Alloys

Further reading
Stainless steels By Joseph R. Davis

Welding
High School for Construction Trades, Engineering and Architecture. The High School for Construction Trades Engineering and Architecture (HS for CTEA) is a New York City Department of Education Career and Technical Education (CTE) school. This school was established in 2006 by the New York State Department of Education. It was intended to support its students to the fields of architecture, engineering or construction trades. In the 2009–2010 school year this high school had its first graduating class. This school is separated into three different majors architecture, engineering and construction trades. Each of them having a four-year course of study.

Extracurricular activities
Bring Change 2 Mind
Boys Soccer Club
Chess Club
Dance Club
Debate Club
Dream Catchers
FIRST Robotics
Fitness Club
Girls Basketball/Soccer Club
Genders & Sexualities Alliance
History Club
Homework Club
Music Club
Relationship Abuse Prevention Program
Student Government Organization
SkillsUSA
Tabletop Gaming Club
Video Game Club
Volleyball Club

Sports - 
Public School Athletic League 
 Baseball Boys Varsity - AAA Eastern
 Basketball Boys Jr. Varsity - Queens I
 Basketball Boys Varsity - Queens AA II
 Basketball Girls Varsity - Queens B East
 Cricket Coed Varsity - Queens III
 Cross Country Boys
 Cross Country Girls
 Handball Girls Varsity - Queens III
 Indoor Track Boys 
 Indoor Track Girls
 Outdoor Track Boys
 Outdoor Track Girls 
 Soccer Girls Jr. Varsity - Division III
 Soccer Girls Varsity - Queens A
 Softball Girls Jr. Varsity - Queens II
 Softball Girls Varsity - Queens AA
 Volleyball Girls Varsity - Queens A South/West
 Wrestling Girls Varsity - Brooklyn/Queens

Career and technical education majors

 Construction Trades
 Engineering
 Architecture

References

 
 
 
 
 
 

Public high schools in Queens, New York
Ozone Park, Queens
Torpedo defence. Torpedo defence includes evasive maneuvers, passive defense like torpedo belts, torpedo nets, torpedo bulges, and sonar torpedo sensors, "soft-kill" active countermeasures like sonar decoys and sonar jammers, and "hard-kill" active defenses, like anti-torpedo torpedoes similar in idea to missile defense systems. Surface Ship Torpedo Defense and Countermeasure Anti-Torpedo systems are highly experimental and the US Navy ended trials on them in 2018.

Examples 
For countermeasures see .

Hard-kill 
 Ultra Electronics DCL Technology Demonstrator programme
 Rafael Torbuster
 Atlas Elektronik SeaSpider

In addition, the RBU-1000 anti-submarine rocket launcher is alleged to have anti-torpedo capability.

See also
AN/SLQ-25 Nixie – sonar decoy that fakes passive, active and wake-homing returns

References

Torpedoes
Naval warfare tactics
Muskwa-Kechika Management Area. The Muskwa-Kechika Management Area (M-K or M-KMA) is a provincially-run tract of land in the far north of British Columbia. It has an advisory board that counsels the government on land-use decisions. Established by provincial government legislation in 1998, the area is meant to be preserved as a wild area, but development is not outright forbidden; the land is divided into different zones, with varying levels of protection, although the whole area is to be used according to an overall plan. The original concept called for 25% of the land to be turned into provincial parks, 60% to become "special management zones" (where limited mining and oil/gas drilling would be permitted), and 15% to become "special wild land zones", where logging would be prohibited.  The original size of the M-KMA was . However, in 2000, with the approval of the Mackenzie Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP), over  were added to the M-KMA for a total area of —an area slightly smaller than the US state of Maine, or the entire island of Ireland, or seven times the size of Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming.

Name and geography 
The area is named after the Muskwa River and Muskwa Ranges (from the , "bear") and the Kechika River and Kechika Ranges (Kechika means "long inclining river").  The area include the Northern Rocky Mountains to the north of Lake Williston and the Rocky Mountain Foothills north of the Peace River and much of the southeastern Cassiar Mountains and a small portion of the northeastern Omineca Mountains.  With the southern Selwyn and Mackenzie Mountains north of the Liard River, the area defines the Boreal Cordillera Ecozone.

Parks and protected areas 
(with area)
Dall River Old Growth Provincial Park 
Denetiah Provincial Park & Protected Area 
Dune Za Keyih Provincial Park & Protected Area 
Finlay-Russel Provincial Park & Protected Area 
Graham-Laurier Provincial Park  
Horneline Creek Provincial Park 
Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park 
Liard River Corridor/West Provincial Parks & Protected Area 
Liard River Hot Springs Provincial Park 
Muncho Lake Provincial Park 
Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park & Protected Area 
Ospika-Cones Ecological Reserve 
Prophet River Hot Springs Provincial Park 
Redfern-Keily Provincial Park 
Sikanni Chief River Ecological Reserve 
Stone Mountain Provincial Park 
Toad River Hotsprings Provincial Park

Notes

References

External links 
 
 Map
 Map of oil and gas tenures
 Map of mineral tenures
 Guide-Outfitter boundaries map
 Trapline Boundaries map

Geography of British Columbia
Canadian Rockies
Northern Interior of British Columbia
Andrew McCulloch (civil engineer). Andrew McCulloch (June 16, 1864 – December 13, 1945) was born in Lanark County, Canada West and died in Penticton, British Columbia. was a civil engineer with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR).

Biography

A native of Lanark, Canada West, after graduating from the Dominion Business College in Kingston, Ontario in 1888, McCulloch moved to the West Coast of North America. There he got a job as an axeman on the Great Northern Railway.

Several other jobs followed, and in 1884 he was employed by the CPR on bridge repair work. He eventually became a Resident Engineer on the construction of the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad, and this was followed in turn by work for the Nakusp and Slocan Railway in British Columbia, for the CPR's line through the Crowsnest Pass, for the Columbia and Western Railway and for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
He returned to work for the CPR as Divisional Engineer of Construction, Eastern, based in Montreal.

In early 1910, McCulloch was appointed Chief Engineer for the CPR's Kettle Valley Railway in British Columbia, a project which was to be the most challenging of his career and included the 18 Myra Canyon Trestles, 14 of which that were destroyed in 2003. Following completion of the line in 1916 he was appointed Superintendent of Operations.

One of Canada's leading construction engineers, he left the KVR in 1933 and continued as a consultant for many years up to his death in 1945. In 1934 he was Chief Engineer for Consolidated Mining and Smelting's Northeastern Railway in Stewart, British Columbia.

Andrew McCulloch is buried in the Lakeview Cemetery in Penticton overlooking the Kettle Valley Railway that was such an important part of his life. His gravestone , which is laid flush with the ground, can be found in section D, about 20 m south of the main entrance and about 5 m to the west of a fire hydrant on the adjacent Lower Bench Road.

Legacy

McCulloch Station, McCulloch Lake on the Kettle Valley Railway, McCulloch Road in the nearby city of Kelowna,  and Kelowna's McCulloch Station Pub are all named after McCulloch.

References

Further reading
 Famous Engineers – Canadian Society for Civil Engineering
 Langford, Dan & Sandra. (1997). Cycling the Kettle Valley Railway p. 78. Rocky Mountain Books. .
Sanford, Barrie. (2002). McCulloch's Wonder: The story of the Kettle Valley Railway. 25th Anniversary Edition, Whitecap Books. 

Canadian civil engineers
1945 deaths
1864 births
USCS Bowditch. USCS Bowditch was a schooner that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast Survey from 1854 to 1874.

Bowditch spent her entire Coast Survey career operating along the United States East Coast.

References
NOAA History, A Science Odyssey: Tools of the Trade: Ships: Coast and Geodetic Survey Ships: Bowditch

Ships of the United States Coast Survey
Schooners of the United States
1854 ships
CCAI. CCAI is an acronym that can refer to:
Climate Change Artificial Intelligence, an initiative of data scientists to help resolve the ongoing issue of climate change
Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index, an index to calculate the ignition quality of residual fuel oil
Congressional Coalition on Adoption, an American organization supporting children in need of a family
Consumer Confidence Average Index, an indicator of American consumers confidence
Computer Controlled Acoustic Instruments pt2, an album from Aphex Twin.
Gihan Wikramanayake. Gihan Nilendra Wikramanayake, FBCS, CITP (17 January 1960 – 5 January 2018) was a Sri Lankan academic. He was a Senior Professor in Computer Science and attached to the Department of Information Systems Engineering. He was the Director of the University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC) from 24 May 2010 to 31 May 2016. He was the Head of the Department of Information Systems Engineering from September 2002 to September 2005. He also served as the deputy director of the UCSC from 2003 to 2006.

Education 
Educated at St. Aloysius' College (Galle) and Royal College Colombo, he graduated from the University of Colombo with a BSc in Statistics & Mathematics with First Class Honours in 1984 and went on to gain a MSc and PhD in Computer Science from the University of Wales, College of Cardiff in 1989 and 1996.

Academic career 

In 1984 he joined the Computer Centre of the University of Colombo as a trainee programmer, he moved to the Department of Statistics and Computer Science as a researcher before becoming an Assistant Lecturer. In 1990 he became a Lecturer and Senior Lecturer in 1996. Moving to the new  Department of Computer Science in 2000 he became its acting Head in 2002.

In 2002 he became the  Head, Department of Information Systems Engineering, UCSC and  deputy director, UCSC in 2004. From 2007 to 2008 he was the acting Head, Department of Communication and Media Technologies. He was also a visiting scholar of University of New Mexico, Stockholm University and Umeå University. In 2010 he became the Director of the UCSC and a professor of Computer Science. He served two terms as director UCSC.

A fellow of the British Computer Society he served as the Chairman of the BCS Sri Lanka Section for five years from 2007/08, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2014/15. He also served as the chairman of UCSC owned company called Theekshana from 2010 to 2016. He also served as a board member of LEARN from 2010 to 2016.

He was a member of the Sri Lanka Informatics Olympiad since 1998 and was involved in organizing IOI training since 1998. He took part as the Deputy Team Leader in IOI 1999 in Turkey and in IOI in 2001–2007, 2009–2010, 2014 and 2016 as the team leader. He served as a Sri Lankan judge at APICTA from 2003 to 2007, 2009–2014, 2016 and was the chief judge in APICTA 2015.

Death
On 5 January 2018, Wikramanayake died at the age of 57 from motor neurone disease.

References

External links
University of Colombo School of Computing
BCS Sri Lanka Section Committee

1960 births
2018 deaths
Sri Lankan academic administrators
Sri Lankan computer scientists
Information systems researchers
Alumni of the University of Colombo
Alumni of the University of Wales
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Alumni of St. Aloysius' College, Galle
Alumni of Cardiff University
Technomimetics. Technomimetics are molecular systems that can mimic man-made devices. The term was first introduced in 1997. The current set of technomimetic molecules includes motors, rotors, gears, gyroscopes, tweezers, and other molecular devices. Technomimetics can be considered as the essential components of molecular machines and have the primary use in molecular nanotechnology.

See also
Molecular tweezers

References

Nanotechnology
Molecular machines
Linear compressor. A linear compressor is a gas compressor where the piston moves along a linear track to minimize friction and reduce energy loss during conversion of motion. This technology has been successfully used in cryogenic applications which must be oil-less. The suspension spring can be flexure type or coil type. An oil-free valved linear compressor enables the design of compact heat exchangers. Linear compressors work similarly to a solenoid: by using a spring-loaded piston with an electromagnet connected to AC through a diode. The spring-loaded piston is the only moving part, and it is placed in the center of the electromagnet. During the positive cycle of the AC, the diode allows energy to pass through the electromagnet, generating a magnetic field that moves the piston backwards, compressing the spring, and generating suction. During the negative cycle of the AC, the diode blocks current flow to the electromagnet, letting the spring uncompress, moving the piston forward, and compressing the refrigerant. The compressed refrigerant is then released by a valve.

History
A number of patents for linear compressors powered by free-piston engines were issued in the 20th century, including:
 To Brown, Boveri & Cie, GB191215963, published 1913-10-08
 To Hugo Junkers, CA245708, published 1924-12-30
 To Raúl Pateras Pescara, US1615133, published 1927-01-18
The first market introduction of a linear compressor to compress refrigerant in a refrigerator was in 2001.

Valved linear compressor
The single piston linear compressor uses dynamic counterbalancing, where an auxiliary movable mass is flexibly attached to a movable piston assembly and to the stationary compressor casing using auxiliary mechanical springs with zero vibration export at minimum electrical power and current consumed by the motor. It is used in cryogenics. Linear compressors are used as they have fewer mechanical losses.

Linear compressors are made by LG and used in LG and Kenmore refrigerators. Linear compressors were also announced by Embraco. Compressors of this type have less noise, and are more energy efficient than conventional refrigerator compressors. The Embraco linear compressors are also claimed to be oil-free. In the 2010s and 2020s, multiple lawsuits in the United States alleged that the LG compressors had a high rate of failure or lack of expected cooling. As of 2024, there were settlements and ongoing cases.

See also

Scroll compressor

References

External links 
 

Gas compressors
Vacuum pumps
Cooling technology
Hydrogen technologies
Iosif Matula. Iosif Matula (born August 23, 1958) is a Romanian engineer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL), he was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2014.

Biography
He was born in Tămaşda, Bihor County, Romania and following secondary studies at the Theoretical High School in Chişineu-Criş from 1973 to 1977, from that year until 1980 he was a worker, receiver and distributor at the Dacia service station in Arad. From 1980 to 1985, he studied at the Chemical Technology Faculty of Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca, receiving the diploma of a chemical engineer. From 1985 to 1991 he worked as such at the Salonta division of an Oradea wood preparation company, in the laboratory and production sections. From 1991 to 2008, he was a teacher at the Chişineu-Criş Theoretical High School. Meanwhile, Matula continued his education, in particular studying Chemistry and Physics at Babeş-Bolyai from 1997 to 2001 and earning a license to teach those subjects; and earning a master's degree in Economics, with the specialty of management and finance in public administration, from the Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad in 2007.

Matula joined the Democratic Party (PD; evolved into PDL in 2007) in 1999, becoming vice president of its Arad County chapter in 2006. From 2000 to 2004, he was the deputy mayor of Chişineu-Criş. From 2005, following the departure of his predecessor Gheorghe Seculici, to 2008, he served as president of the Arad County Council, followed by a stint as its vice president from local elections in 2008 to 2009. He ran for the European Parliament in 2007, but at thirteenth position on the party list, did not win a seat. In January 2009, following the resignation of five Romanian MEPs to take other political offices, Matula was named to replace one of them. During the first months of that year, Elena Băsescu, daughter of President Traian Băsescu, served as an intern in his office. At the election that June, this time placed at sixth position, he won a full five-year term in the European Parliament, as did Elena Băsescu. In the parliament, he sat on the Committee on Regional Development.

Notes

External links

  Official site
 European Parliament profile

Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
Councillors in Romania
Romanian engineers
Romanian schoolteachers
People from Bihor County
Babeș-Bolyai University alumni
1958 births
Living people
Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) MEPs
MEPs for Romania 2009–2014