omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Avinash Deshpande. Avinash Anant Deshpande (born 23 January 1958) is an Indian astrophysicist and a professor of physics at Raman Research Institute. Known for his research on astrophysics, Deshpande is known to have contributed towards the studies of the pulsar magnetospheric emission regions and in the elucidation of unphysically ultradense neutral hydrogen irregularities in the interstellar space.

Born on 23 January 1958, Desh graduated in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1980 and started his career by joining Raman Research Institute. He did his doctoral research at RRI which earned him his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai in 1988 and subsequently, did his post doctoral work at University of Tasmania during 1990–92. On his return to India, he resumed his service at RRI and holds the position of a professor there, continuing his research at the electronic laboratory of the institute. He has been involved in a number of projects undertaken by RRI and he is credited with the development of a receiver for high time-resolution studies of pulsars at low radio frequencies. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and Google Scholar, an online article repository of scientific articles, has listed 223 of them. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2002.

Avinash continues to give guest lectures at various institutes to encourage more students to join the field.|

See also 

 Interstellar Medium
 Milky Way
 Radiosynthesis
 The Pulsars

References 

Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science
Scientists from Bengaluru
1958 births
IIT Bombay alumni
IIT Kanpur alumni
Indian astrophysicists
University of Tasmania alumni
Living people
Pierre-Antoine Demoustier. Pierre-Antoine Demoustier (1 August 1735 – 1803) was a French engineer.

Life
Born at Lassigny, he joined the Ecole des ponts et chaussées in 1756 and then had a career from 1763 until the French Consulate. He built pont Louis XV (now known as pont de la Concorde) and was made chief engineer for the Seine department by Napoleon Bonaparte to plan and supervise the construction of pont des Arts and other new bridges in Paris. His pupil Corneille Lamandé published a detailed obituary after his death in 1803. His nephew was Charles-Albert Demoustier.

References

External links 

1735 births
1803 deaths
French engineers
French bridge engineers
Joseph W. Schmitt. Joseph W. Schmitt (January 2, 1916 – September 25, 2017) was a spacesuit technician for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration human space exploration program in the 1960s and 70s. As "suit tech", he was on close terms with the astronauts and was usually the last person to have direct contact with them before their missions. Schmitt suited up Alan Shepard for his mission at the beginning of Project Mercury and continued to work on the Gemini, Apollo and Skylab programs, ending his career during the early Space Shuttle Program. As an essential part of the final stages of preparation for space flight, Schmitt was depicted in many photographs, leading to his inclusion in two works on the subject by Norman Rockwell.

Early life
Joseph William Schmitt was born on January 2, 1916, in O'Fallon, Illinois, to Benjamin Schmitt and Apollonia Berkel Schmitt. His father, a town marshal, was killed on duty shortly after Joseph's birth.

Career
In the 1930s Joseph joined the Army Air Corps, becoming an aircraft mechanic. Finding that this work was not sufficiently interesting, he learned to be a parachute rigger and repaired flight clothing. When he left the Army in 1939 he joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as an aircraft mechanic. In this capacity Schmitt was involved in Chuck Yeager's 1947 flight that broke the sound barrier. When NASA started its crewed space flight program Schmitt became an equipment specialist, working with the astronauts' flight suits after NASA realized that Schmitt's experience was invaluable.
 In 1958 Schmitt became the chief spacesuit technician for NASA, working with B.F. Goodrich to develop a practical spacesuit. After the Mercury and Gemini programs, Schmitt helped to develop the suits worn by astronauts on the Moon during the Apollo program. Schmitt worked through the Apollo and Skylab programs and into the early Space Shuttle program, finally retiring in 1983.

Shortly after the end of the Mercury flights Schmitt appeared on the television game show What's My Line in May 1963. The panel was not able to determine his exact role, but did establish that he was part of the space program. In 1965 Norman Rockwell painted a picture of Gus Grissom and John Young suiting up for Gemini 3. Working from photographs, Rockwell depicted Schmitt assisting Young. Schmitt brought a spacesuit to Rockwell's studio to help Rockwell with the details of the suits, and Rockwell painted Schmitt in two different paintings.

Joseph W. Schmitt assisted Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins before the start of Apollo 11; he is also seen in the 2019 documentary Apollo 11.

Personal life
Schmitt married Elizabeth Ann Rayfield in 1939. He died on September 25, 2017, at a nursing home in Friendswood, Texas, aged 101.

See also 

 Sharon Caples McDougle

References

External links
 Joseph Schmitt oral history at NASA
 Orbituary in the local news of O'Fallon

1916 births
2017 deaths
NASA people
American men centenarians
People from St. Clair County, Illinois
Chongnam Line. The Ch'ŏngnam Line is a partially electrified standard-gauge secondary line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Ch'ŏngnam on the northern part of the Sŏhae Line to Samch'ŏnp'o via a loop line connecting several collieries to the mainline of the Sŏhae Line.

History
The Korean State Railway built the Sŏhae Line to exploit coal fields in the area, opening the Mundŏk—Ch'ŏngnam—Samch'ŏnp'o—Namdong line in the 1970s; electrification of the line to Namdong was completed in 1978.

In 1987 the line was expanded in two directions - one an extension westwards from Ch'ŏngnam (see Sŏhae Line), and the other a loop line from Samch'ŏnp'o - called the Ch'ŏngnam Line - along with a connecting line to Sŏsi on the new extension. Part of the loop, from Samch'ŏnp'o to Ch'illi, was electrified.

Most of the trackage was later abandoned, including the entirety of the Ch'ŏngnam Line loop.

Services
Much of the coal that originated on the line was shipped to the Ch'ŏngch'ŏn River Thermal Power Plant on the Ch'ŏnghwaryŏk Line.

Route

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Railway lines opened in 1987
31st Training Squadron (JASDF). The 31st Training Squadron () is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the 1st Air Wing of Air Training Command. It is based at Hamamatsu Air Base in Shizuoka Prefecture. It is equipped with Kawasaki T-4 aircraft.

Aircraft used
 Kawasaki T-4 (1989-)

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
32nd Training Squadron (JASDF). The 32nd Training Squadron () is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the 1st Air Wing of Air Training Command. It is based at Hamamatsu Air Base in Shizuoka Prefecture. It is equipped with Kawasaki T-4 aircraft.

Aircraft used
 Kawasaki T-4 (1990-)

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Harman geared locomotive. The Harman geared locomotive was a geared steam locomotive by Alfred Harman from Melbourne in Australia.

History 

The Forests Commission Victoria (FCV) called a tender for a new geared steam locomotive up to 27 May 1927. The Melbourne-based company of Alfred Harman issued an offer, which the FCV was obliged to accept against its better judgement, as the only suitable alternatives were made in the USA. At that time, government policy favoured the purchase of locally made machines or if these were not available, machines made in the United Kingdom.

The design concept was based on the use of Harman's successful logging winches in the power bogies, but the large number of unproven design features resulted in several faults. Thus this engine had to be replaced in April 1928 by a ‘Class B’ Climax locomotive by the Climax Manufacturing Co., USA.

The locomotive was delivered at Moe by the Victorian Railways on 29 November 1927. It was off-loaded onto the Walhalla branch line. The following day it travelled under steam to Collins siding, in charge of a Victorian Railways crew. On arrival, it steamed over a temporary connection with the tramway and commenced the run to Tyers Junction.

During the problematic delivery run to Tyers Junction the engine derailed twice at 1m64c on an S-curve. The locomotive was rerailed and returned to Collins Siding, where weaker springs were installed to reduce the rigidity of the bogies. On 13 December 1927, the trip to Tyers Junction was made smoother by the use of grease on the outer rail at curves. Timber haulage commenced on 12 January 1928, after conducting modifications to the bogie masts.

References 

Geared steam locomotives
Peter Nicol Russell Memorial Medal. The Peter Nicol Russell Memorial Medal is awarded by Engineers Australia. It has been awarded since 1923 when its first recipient was Prof William Henry Warren. It is given annually to an Honorary Fellow of Engineers Australia who has significantly advanced engineering in Australia.  The award consists of a framed certificate and medal.

Recipients

See also 
List of engineering awards

References 

Awards established in 1923
Engineering awards
Australian science and technology awards
Misawa Helicopter Airlift Squadron (JASDF). The Misawa Helicopter Airlift Squadron () also known as the Misawa Helicopter Transport Squadron is a unit of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of the Air Rescue Wing. It is based at Misawa Air Base in Aomori Prefecture. It is equipped with CH-47J aircraft.

Tail marking
As with other helicopter airlift squadrons, it has the emblem of the Air Rescue Wing with a sticker stating the home base of the unit.

Aircraft operated
 CH-47J (1989-present)

References

Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force
Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Soviet Union). The Ministry of the Electronics Industry (Minelektronprom; , MEI) was a government ministry in the Soviet Union.

Established in 1961 as State Committee for Electronics Technology, it became a ministry in 1965. Its primary responsibility is for research, development, and production of electronic and electrical devices, including solid-state and miniature electronic components and devices. The Ministry of the Electronics Industry was the monopolistic producer of electronic components for military and civilian applications in the Soviet Union. It produced a wide variety of electronic appliances, most of them under the Electronika brand. MEI role as a political body was mostly replaced by a state-owned Rostec which was founded in 2007.

List of ministers
Source:
  (2.10.1965 - 18.11.1985)
 Vladislav Kolesnikov (18.11.1985 - 24.8.1991)

Industry 
There was a range of different organizations, companies, and research centers during soviet times that were directly subjected to the ministry with many being active by the end of 2010, including: 

 SPA  «Scientific center»
 Moscow/Zelenograd based:
 Angstrem (company)
 Mikron Group
 
 NPP Istok
  (based in Minsk, Belarus)

Kazan, Tatarstan Republic:

 

Others:

 Plant of Radio Measurement Devices (Vilnius)

  (Latvia)
  (Ukraine)
 Elta Plant (Elets, Russia) (produced cathode ray tubes)
 Ritm Plant (Belgorod, Russia)
  (Smolensk, Russia)
 Photon (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)
 Quartz Corp. (Kaliningrad, Russia)
 Donskoi plant of radio components (Tula, Russia)
 SPA Pozitron (Saint-Petersburg, Russia)

References
Tub (container). A tub is an open-top circular or oblong container. In earlier times they were made from wooden staves held together with iron hoops and were made by coopers. Modern tubs used in industry might be made from concrete, metal or plastic. 

Small plastic tubs used in the home may have a separate or attached snap-on lid or cover;  some tubs may have latched lids.

Tubs are used for multiple packaging applications as well as household and industrial storage.

Construction 

Many tubs are made of formed thermoplastics such as PET polyester, polystyrene, or polypropylene.  Processes of creating tubs are either thermoforming or injection moulding.  Tubs can also be formed of paperboard, molded pulp, and aluminum. 

Some tubs have special microwave features such as susceptors

Tubs can have a heat sealed lidding film attached prior to the lid being placed on.  Some tubs have a Tamper-evident band or security strip to indicate premature opening.  

Several types of latches and means of lid attachment are available.
 
Both the body and lid of a tub can be printed or have attached labels.

See also
Cooper (profession)
Tupperware
Bath tub

Notes

References

 Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, 
 Yam, K.L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, 

Containers
Food packaging
Packaging
Wood products
PerfectDisk. PerfectDisk is a defragmentation software product for Windows developed by Raxco.

The application keeps track of file usage to lessen defragmentation time and offers two modes of basic defragging: "quick" and "SmartPlacement". SmartPlacement was Raxco's proprietary toolkit for more accurate, albeit slower defragging, and was marketed as a main selling point over the built-in tool of Windows' built in defragmentation tools.

History
During the 1980s, a software package titled "Disk-Optimizer" was marketed as part of the collective name "RAXCO Rabbit Software."

PerfectDisk was released in 1990 for the VMS operating system. A version for Windows NT followed later in 1997. PerfectDisk contains scheduler supporting also client PCs in the network.

The last version of PerfecDisk is 14.00 build 900. As Raxco filled for bankruptcy in April, 2024, PerfectDisk users can still use the installed software, but no activations will be done after May, 2024, and no support will be provided past this date.

Competition
The standard Windows "Disk Defragmenter" is based on a subset of a competing, now-discontinued product named Diskeeper. For those seeking additional features, PerfectDisk and the full-feature Diskeeper are among their options; these are intended for high-end users, and feature optimizing the placement of "system files and free space."

See also
 File system fragmentation
 Defragmentation   
 Disk Defragmenter (Windows)
 List of defragmentation software
 Comparison of defragmentation software

References

External links
 Microsoft: Troubleshooting Disk Defragmenter
 Official web site  

Defragmentation software
Proprietary software
Computer system optimization software
Utilities for Windows
Disk usage analysis software
Justin Pouyanne. Justin Pouyanne (5 September 1835 – 22 November 1901) was a French cartographer and explorer.
He became an engineer, and served in Algeria for his entire career from 1859 to 1900, where he undertook extensive surveys.

Life

Justin Pouyanne was born in  Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, on 5 September 1835.
He entered the École Polytechnique in November 1853, and was admitted to the École des Mines on 10 October 1855.
He graduated on 18 June 1858, ranked 6th.
He was appointed Engineer 3rd class on 8 July 1859, and served in Algeria from 10 April 1859.
He would spend all his career in Algeria.
At his own request he was assigned to the Tlemcen district in 1859.

Pouyanne was promoted to Engineer 2nd class on 7 February 1863 and Engineer 1st class on 1 February 1869.
He married Louise Joséphine Dax.
They had two sons, Armand Albert Pouyanne (1873–1931) and Charles Pouyanne (1884–1975), both of whom made their careers with the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées.
He transferred to Algiers in 1873 as engineer.
He was made a knight of the Legion of Honour on 7 February 1878.
He was appointed Chief Engineer 2nd class on 8 June 1878.

The Trans-Saharan expedition was appointed in 1879 by Charles de Freycinet, Minister of Public Works, to investigate construction of a railway across the Sahara.
Three possible routes starting from Oran in the west, Algiers in the center and Constantine in the east were to be examined by three expeditions.
The western expedition was led by Justin Pouyanne and the central one was led  by the engineer Auguste Choisy and included Georges Rolland.
These two expeditions would complete their work without difficulty.
The eastern route was considered the most dangerous, going via the Hoggar Tuareg town of Rhat.
Paul Flatters was chosen as leader of this mission, which ended in disaster.

Pouyanne was promoted to Chief Engineer 1st class on 16 July 1883.
He was made an officer of the Legion of Honour on 13 July 1892.
Later, rather than leave Algeria he turned down a promotion to General Engineer.
In 1897 the post of Inspector General for Algeria, based in Algiers, was created especially for him in recognition of his great merit.
He retired in September 1900, and gave up the direction of the geological map, which he had been working on for 20 years.
He died in El Biar, Algiers, on 22 November 1901.

Publications

Publications by Justin Pouyanne include:

Notes

Sources

1835 births
1901 deaths
19th-century French cartographers
French explorers of Africa
French explorers
Elphinstone Engineering. Elphinstone Engineering is an Australian company which manufactures specialised trailers for the transport industry and equipment for weighing trucks, including on-board scales that weigh the load. It focuses particularly on support for forestry. It has facilities at Triabunna in Tasmania and Sunshine West in Victoria. The company was founded by Graeme Elphinstone in 1976. Graeme Elphinstone's brother Dale owns a similarly named company based in Burnie.

Elphinstone produces skeleton trailers and B-doubles for the timber industry that fold up for easier transport when empty, and that can weigh the load.

References

Companies based in Tasmania
Manufacturing companies of Australia
1976 establishments in Australia
Elphinstone Group. Elphinstone Group is an Australian privately held company that manufactures and assembles heavy equipment for the mining industry. It has facilities in Burnie, Tasmania and in Victoria. The corporate group includes the William Adams Caterpillar dealer in Tasmania and Victoria.

Operations
Elphinstone Sustainable Energy & Engineering Solutions is a division of Elphinstone Group, formed by the acquisition of Southern Prospect. It provides design, manufacture and installation of electricity generation for remote sites.

Elphinstone was one of the bidders to supply new armoured vehicles to the Australian Defence Force through project Land 400. If successful, the vehicles would have been built in Tasmania. However their vehicle was not selected for phase two of testing by the Department of Defence.

Dale Elphinstone
Founder, Dale Elphinstone, started his working life as an apprentice at William Adams. He later bought the company. In 2016, Elphinstone was assessed as Tasmania's richest person by net worth and remains so as of 2019.

Dale Elphinstone's brother, Graeme, owns a similarly named company based at Triabunna, on the east coast of Tasmania.

References

Caterpillar Inc.
Companies based in Tasmania
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Australia
1975 establishments in Australia
William H. Morton. William Herbert Morton (14 September 1877–1947) was a British locomotive engineer who rose to the position of general manager of the Great Southern Railways (GSR) in Ireland.  He previously held the chief engineering positions for GSR and Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR).

While Morton's only attributed design during his tenure of the top engineering positions was the MGWR Class F his business acumen, management qualities, influence on the upgrading of existing designs notably with regards to superheating and his influence on acquiring bargain surplus stock was of considerable benefit to the Irish locomotive fleet.

Life 

Morton had had an apprenticeship with Kitson and Company, Leeds and further education at the University of Leeds and Leeds School of Science and Technology.  He rapidly attained the position of assistant Works Manager at Kitsons'.  In 1900 he was appointed Chief Draughtsman at the Midland Great Western Railway in Ireland and quickly rose to be Works Manager at Broadstone Works.  He was promoted to the position of first assistance locomotive engineer under Edward Cusack, contributing significantly to many designs and pioneered work on superheater development.  He succeeded Cusack in 1915 as Locomotive Superintendent.  His sole design was the MGWR Class F, however keen practical management skills and bargain surplus purchases, most notably the purchase of kits of parts for 12 Woolwich Moguls.

On the merger of the MGWR to form the GSR Morton initially was initially not preferred as Chief Mechanical Engineer, that role falling to J.R. Bazin of the Great Southern and Western Railway.  Bazin had the advantage of already being based at Inchicore which was to be the lead works for the GSR.  The need to balance senior roles between the companies may also have been an influence.  When Bazin retired in 1929 Morton succeed him as Chief Mechanical Engineer for the GSR and focused on general fleet improvement including widespread rebuilds with superheating.  From 1932 until retirement in 1942 Morton was appointed to the position of General Manager, a position he held until retirement in 1942.

Engineering 

Morton is particularly noted for his application of superheating to improve the performance of the existing locomotive fleet.  He investigated superheating whilst at the MGWR and was supported by Cusack in 1915 in lodging a patent.  The GSR Class 101, the numerically largest locomotive class in Ireland, was a particularly significant successfully example of improvement with superheater rebuild.

Morton's only locomotive design while in the top job was the MGWR Class F.  Typically of Morton the design seemed optimised to make use of cheaply available war surplus supplies.

References 

1947 deaths
Locomotive builders and designers
Midland Great Western Railway
Locomotive superintendents
1877 births
Alumni of the University of Leeds