omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sulfidation. Sulfidation (British spelling also sulphidation) is a process of installing sulfide ions in a material or molecule. The process is widely used to convert oxides to sulfides but is also related to corrosion and surface modification.

Inorganic, materials, and organic chemistry
Sulfidation is relevant to the formation of sulfide minerals.

A large scale application of sulfidation is the conversion of molybdenum oxides to the corresponding sulfides.  This conversion is a step in the preparation of catalysts for hydrodesulfurization wherein alumina impregnated with molybdate salts are converted to molybdenum disulfide by the action of hydrogen sulfide.

In organosulfur chemistry, sulfiding is often called thiation.  The preparation of thioamides from amides involves thiation.  A typical reagent is phosphorus pentasulfide (P4S10).  The idealized equation for this conversion is:
RC(O)NH2  +  1/4 P4S10   →   RC(S)NH2  +  1/4 P4S6O4   
This conversion where an oxygen atom in the amide function is replaced by a sulfur atom involves no redox reaction.

Sulfidation of metals
It is known that aluminum improves the sulfidation resistance of iron alloys.
The sulfidation of tungsten is a multiple step process. The first step is an oxidation reaction, converting the tungsten to a tungsten bronze on the surface of the object.  The tungsten bronze coating is then converted to a sulfide.

One commonly encountered occurrence of sulfidation in manufacturing environments involves the sulfidic corrosion of metal piping.  The increased resistance to corrosion found in stainless steel is attributed to a layer of chromium oxide that forms due to oxidation of the chromium found in the alloy.

The process of liquid sulfidation has also been used in the manufacturing of diamond-like carbon films. These films are generally used to coat surfaces to reduce the wear due to friction. The inclusion of sulfidation in the process has been shown to reduce the friction coefficient of the diamond-like carbon film.

References 

Corrosion
Thermodynamics
Chemical reactions
SUN Innovations. SUN Innovations is a holding company, developer and manufacturer of wide-format printing equipment. Its main products are a UV-LED printer (NEO Evolution) and UV; solvent inks for wide format printing ("Sunflower" and "NANOiNK" respectively). SUN Innovations is a pioneer in the sphere of UV-LED printing technologies. It launched wide format printers based on the LED technology of ink curing, which allows printing on a wide range of materials including wood, metal, plastic, glass, mirrors, banner and fabric.

History
SUN Innovations was established in 1998 as a privately held company. Today, SUN has partners and sells its solutions for digital printing in over 70 countries. In 2010, SUN Innovations was supported by the governmental organization Rusnano, which was established to foster the growth of nanotechnology industries in Russia. In 2010, Rusnano became an investor in SUN Innovations.
On March 1, 1998, the company was founded in Novosibirsk. Initially, the company's main activity was the sale of consumables for the production of advertising and lighting equipment.

  2003 – started selling Chinese solvent printers & inks.
  2005 - established the largest at that time in the Russian service center for printing products and research. The company produced the first solvent ink in Russia and moved from the resale of the equipment to production. 
  2006 – opened its first ink factory in Russia under the brand SunFlower.
  2007 - entered the international market with UV printer NEO Evolution. 
  2010 – accepted investment from RUSANO and becomes its portfolio company.
  2010 – invented full-color printing on water surface.
  2011 – created new UV ink formula according to “eco” and “nano” mission with antibacterial effect based on silver nanoparticles.
  2012 – introduced Evolution printers with higher printing speed and new fast-drying solvent inks Turbo-S.
  2013 – released a new version of UV printer – Sun Universal. Features included: web-based interface; ink measurement; easy to control zoning vacuum table; automatic parking, conservation and cleaning of the printhead; metering sensor height of the material; automatic material positioning

Directors 
Founder is Solovyova Svetlana Vladimirovna (share in the authorized capital: 100%).

Bankruptcy Trustee is Petrakov Pavel Vladimirovich.

References

External links
 SUN Innovation company 

Manufacturing companies based in Novosibirsk
Computer companies of Russia
Computer hardware companies
Computer printer companies
8th Engineer Regiment (Australia). The 8th Engineer Regiment was a reserve engineer regiment of the Australian Army. Originally raised as the "8th Combat Engineer Regiment" in 1995, the unit provided support during the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the APEC Australia 2007, and was headquartered at Bullecourt Barracks, Adamstown, New South Wales, where it formed part of the 8th Brigade.

History 
In late 2013, the regiment was reorganised when one sub-unit – the 102nd Construction Squadron – was transferred to 8 CER from the 21st Construction Regiment, following the decision to disband that unit. The regiment subsequently assumed the designation of the "8th Engineer Regiment". At the time, it also consisted of the 6th and 14th Combat Engineer Squadrons,  drawing lineage from several units that fought during the First and Second World Wars.

Throughout 2017, the regiment transitioned from the 8th Brigade to the 5th Brigade and in November 2017, the regiment was amalgamated into the 5th Engineer Regiment. As a part of this amalgamation, the regiment's 14th Combat Engineer Squadron was transferred intact, based at Adamstown, while the 6th Combat Engineer Squadron was reduced to a troop at Dundas, while the 102nd Construction Squadron also became a troop, subordinate to the 101st Construction Squadron.

References

Engineer regiments of Australia
Military units and formations established in 1995
Military units and formations disestablished in 2017
Multibody simulation. Multibody simulation (MBS) is a method of numerical simulation in which multibody systems are composed of various rigid or elastic bodies. Connections between the bodies can be modeled with kinematic constraints (such as joints) or force elements (such as spring dampers). Unilateral constraints and Coulomb-friction can also be used to model frictional contacts between bodies.
Multibody simulation is a useful tool for conducting motion analysis. It is often used during product development to evaluate characteristics of comfort, safety, and performance.  For example, multibody simulation has been widely used since the 1990s as a component of automotive suspension design.  It can also be used to study issues of biomechanics, with applications including sports medicine, osteopathy, and human-machine interaction.

The heart of any multibody simulation software program is the solver. The solver is a set of computation algorithms that solve equations of motion. Types of components that can be studied through multibody simulation range from electronic control systems to noise, vibration and harshness.  Complex models such as engines are composed of individually designed components, e.g. pistons and crankshafts.

The MBS process often can be divided in 5 main activities. The first activity of the MBS process chain is the "3D CAD master model", in which product developers, designers and engineers are using the CAD system to generate a CAD model and its assembly structure related to given specifications. This 3D CAD master model is converted during the activity "Data transfer" to the MBS input data formats i.e. STEP. The "MBS Modeling" is the most complex activity in the process chain. Following rules and experiences, the 3D model in MBS format, multiple boundaries, kinematics, forces, moments or degrees of freedom are used as input to generate the MBS model. Engineers have to use MBS software and their knowledge and skills in the field of engineering mechanics and machine dynamics to build the MBS model including joints and links. The generated MBS model is used during the next activity "Simulation". Simulations, which are specified by time increments and boundaries like starting conditions are run by MBS Software. It is also possible to perform MBS simulations using free and open source packages.  The last activity is the "Analysis and evaluation". Engineers use case-dependent directives to analyze and evaluate moving paths, speeds, accelerations, forces or moments. The results are used to enable releases or to improve the MBS model, in case the results are insufficient. One of the most important benefits of the MBS process chain is the usability of the results to optimize the 3D CAD master model components. Due to the fact that the process chain enables the optimization of component design, the resulting loops can be used to achieve a high level of design and MBS model optimization in an iterative process.

References 

computational physics
Dynamical systems
Bihar State Road Development Corporation. The Bihar State Road Development Corporation Limited, (abbreviated BSRDC), is an Indian Public limited company fully owned by Government of Bihar. BSRDC was established on April 20, 2009, and incorporated as a public limited company under the Companies Act 1956 on February 17, 2009. This company was established to promote surface infrastructure by taking up Road Works, Bridges etc., and to improve road network by taking up construction widening and strengthening of roads, construction of bridges, maintenance of roads etc. in state of Bihar.

The roles and responsibilities of the BSRDC are listed as:
"To construct, execute, carryout, improve, work, develop, administer, manage, control or maintain in Bihar and elsewhere all types of roads, highways, express routes, paths, streets, bridges, sideways, tunnels and other infrastructure, works and conveniences, approach road, sheds, temporary dwelling huts in case of calamity or any emergency pertaining to all departments of Government of Bihar or any other department, agency, organization or body through Road Construction Department or directly. It also oversees the maintenance of Roads in Bihar."

Departments
The BSRDC has following departments:
 Administration
 Engineering
 Toll Monitoring
 Lands
 Accounts/Finance
 Commercial

References

External links

State agencies of Bihar
Roads in Bihar
Road authorities
Transport organisations based in India
2009 establishments in Bihar
Government agencies established in 2009
Transport companies established in 2009
Amma Kudineer. Amma Kudineer (meaning Mother drinking-water in Tamil language) is a mineral water production and distribution project run by the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Tamil Nadu in India.

About the scheme
The project was formally launched on 15 September 2013 by the then chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa, on the 105th birth anniversary of former chief minister of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai.

The project involved production and packaging of mineral water in one litre plastic bottles, and selling them in long-distance running state-owned buses and in bus stations. The price was fixed at ₹10 per bottle. The project was intended to make purified water available to people of all strata, at a reasonable cost.

The Indian Railways had undertaken a similar scheme under the name "Rail neer", with its one-litre bottles priced at ₹15, while private companies sell 1-litre bottles at higher prices.

The scheme is run by the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation, with a production plant in Gummidipoondi in Thiruvallur district, on a 55-acre land that belongs to the Institute of Road Transport (IRT), a subsidiary of the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation. The plant has the capacity to produce 3 lakh liters of purified water per day. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water was reported to be below 50 parts per million (ppm), as compared to a requirement of below 150 ppm in water from lakes and in rainwaters.

Amma water bottles were distributed to affected population during times of disaster, such as the 2018 kerala floods, 2015 chennai floods, and the gaja cyclone.

As the scheme was a success, its sales was extended to all over tamil nadu. However, within several days, the demand for water bottles increased which lead to supply shortage at many places.

Presently, the sales of Amma Water bottles have stopped due to a technical problem at the Gummidipoondi Factory. There are no plans by the government to repair this plant due to change in ruling power.

See also
Amma Unavagam

References

Government welfare schemes in Tamil Nadu
Water in India
Bottled water brands
2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Donald H. Liles. Donald H. (Don) Liles (born February 14, 1947) was an American engineer, Professor of Industrial Engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington, known for his seminal work on enterprise engineering.

Biography 
Liles studied engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington, where he received his BS in 1970, his MS in 1974 and his PhD in 1978 all in industrial engineering.

Liles has spent his academic career at the University of Texas at Arlington, starting in 1979 as assistant professor and later associate professor. From 1989 to 1998 he was also associate director at the Automation and Robotics Research Institute. From 1998 to 2012 he was professor of industrial engineering, and chair of the IMSE Department at the University of Texas at Arlington.

Liles has been executive council member of the Texas Manufacturing Assistance Center, and member of the National Honor Society for Industrial Engineering.

Publications 
Liles authored and co-authored several books and articles. Books:
 
 

Articles, a selection:

References

External links 

 Dr. Don Liles at uta.edu.

Living people
21st-century American engineers
Enterprise modelling experts
Systems engineers
University of Texas at Arlington alumni
University of Texas at Arlington faculty
1947 births
Reg Birch. Reginald Birch (7 June 1914 – 2 June 1994) was a British communist and trade unionist, aligning with Maoism later in his career.

Early political activism 
Born in Kilburn, London, Birch became a toolmaker and joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). He became active in the union and also in supporting the Republican government of Spain against the fascist invasion and coup (see Spanish Civil War). He joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1939.

In 1941, Birch worked with Wal Hannington to organise a strike at Swift Scales, an engineering firm in Park Royal. This action was illegal under wartime regulations, but the two were merely bound over to keep the peace.  Soon after, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, and the CPGB opposed wartime strike action. Throughout the war, Birch continued to organise his workmates in a succession of factories.

In 1956, Birch was elected to the executive committee of the CPGB. Journalist Peter Paterson observed: "When I asked him how he could possibly have sided with the 'tankies', so called because of the use of Russian tanks to quell the revolt, he said 'they wanted a trade unionist who could stomach Hungary, and I fitted the bill'."

In 1960, he was elected as a full-time AEU official. The union was soon renamed the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, and in 1966, Birch was elected to its executive. Birch challenged William Carron for the leadership on two occasions. On the second, the CPGB supported Hugh Scanlon's candidature over that of Birch.

Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) 
At odds with those perceived as revisionists within the CPGB, Birch left the party soon afterwards. With comrades from the AEU and others, he formed the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) (CPB (M-L)) in 1968. Birch continued to help to organise various strikes, including the 1971 Ford strike. He met Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Enver Hoxha on visits to China and Albania. In 1975, he was elected to the general council of the Trades Union Congress. In 1977, he became a member of the Energy Commission. He retired in 1979, but remained chairman of the CPB (M-L) until 1985.

References

Further reading 
 
 "Reg Birch" at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
 Podmore, Will (2004). Reg Birch: Engineer, Trade Unionist, Communist. .

1914 births
1994 deaths
Anti-revisionists
British communists
British political party founders
Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) members
Communist Party of Great Britain members
Hoxhaists
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
People from Kilburn, London
Far-left politicians in the United Kingdom
Claudio Aranzadi. Claudio Aranzadi (born 9 October 1946) is a Spanish engineer, businessman and politician. He served as industry minister from 1988 to 1993.

Early life and education
Aranzadi was born in Bilbao on 9 October 1946. He holds a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering from Bilbao Industrial Engineering School. Then he received an economics degree from the University of Paris I.

Career
Aranzadi began his career at the ministry of industry. Then he moved to Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria where he served as a researcher. Next he was named deputy economic advisor in the Bancaya Group. In 1984, he was made deputy chairman of Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), a vast state holding company of Spain. He became the chairman of INI on 1 August 1986, replacing Luis Carlos Croissier Batista in the post. Aranzadi supported privatization during his term at the INI, arguing that it was a powerful means of organizing asset portfolios and investment strategies. His tenure at the INI lasted until 12 July 1988 when he was succeeded by Jorge Mercader Miró as INI chairman.

Aranzadi served as the minister of industry and energy from 1988 to 1991 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez. Aranzadi was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, being one of its right-wing leaders. He was appointed minister of industry, trade and tourism to the Gonzalez cabinet in 1991. In 1993, Juan Manuel Eguiagaray replaced Aranzadi as minister. After leaving office, Aranzadi was appointed permanent representative of Spain to the OECD in 1993. He succeeded Eloy Ibanez in the post.

He has been the chairman of BravoSolution España and advisor for Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria. He is a partner of Enerma Consultores, a member of the advisory board of CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnólogico Industrial) and of the advisory board for the Spanish Energy Outlook 2030. In addition, he is also on the advisory board of various firms.

Personal life
One of Aranzadi's relatives is Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, a football player known as Pichichi.  He is married and has one child, a daughter.

References

External links

20th-century Spanish businesspeople
20th-century Spanish engineers
21st-century Spanish businesspeople
21st-century Spanish engineers
1946 births
Living people
Politicians from Bilbao
University of Paris alumni
Spanish economists
Industry ministers of Spain
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Spanish corporate directors
OECD officials
Spanish expatriates in France
Spanish industrial engineers
CompEx. CompEx (meaning Competency in Ex atmospheres) is a global certification scheme for electrical and mechanical craftspersons and designers working in potentially explosive atmospheres. The scheme is operated by JTLimited, UK and is accredited by UKAS to ISO/IEC 17024. 

The scheme was created by EEMUA (Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association) to satisfy the general competency requirements of BS EN 60079 (IEC 60079), parts 10, 14 and 17. The requirements are currently explicitly detailed in IEC 60079 Part 14 Annex A, detailing knowledge/skills and competency requirements for responsible persons, operatives and designers.

The scheme is broken down to twelve units covering different actions and hazardous area concepts.

In 2017, CompEx 01-04 was introduced to the NEC Standard.  NEC500 & also NEC505, along with Ex "f" Foundation Courses.   These are provided by Global EX Solutions, via Eaton

See also
 ATEX directive
 Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Areas

References

Further reading

External links
 https://www.compex.org.uk/

Electrical safety
Explosion protection
ACM Transactions on Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (ACM TOIS) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on computer systems and their underlying technology. It was established in 1983 and is published by the Association for Computing Machinery.  The editor-in-chief is Min Zhang (Tsinghua University).

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.797.

References

External links 
 

Computer science journals
Information systems journals
Academic journals established in 1983
Information Systems
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Standard Test and Programming Language. JAM / STAPL ("Standard Test and Programming Language") is an Altera-developed standard for JTAG in-circuit programming of programmable logic devices (PLDs). It is defined by JEDEC standard JESD-71.

STAPL defines a standard .jam file format which supports in-system programmability or configuration of programmable devices. A JTAG device programmer implements a JAM player which reads the file as a set of instructions directing it to program a PLD.

The standard is supported by multiple PLD and device programmer manufacturers.

References 

JEDEC standards
Electronics manufacturing
Embedded systems
Schmidtler Enduro. The Schmidtler Enduro is a German ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Ultraleichtflug Schmidtler of Munich. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The aircraft is no longer listed on the company website and presumed to be out of production.

Design and development
The Enduro was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with an optional cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with optional wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span Air Creation wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine or a twin cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke,  BMW 1100 motorcycle engine.

Operational history
The Enduro XC model was used to set several microlight class world records for speed and altitude.

Variants
Enduro BMW
Model equipped with a  BMW 1100 motorcycle engine and no cockpit fairing. This model has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .
Enduro XC
Model equipped with a  Rotax 582 aircraft engine or an optional  BMW 1100 motorcycle engine and a full cockpit fairing. This model has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Specifications (Enduro BMW)

References

External links

Photo of a Schmidtler Enduro
Photo of a Schmidtler Enduro XC

2000s German sport aircraft
2000s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes