omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NEO (cryptocurrency). Neo is a blockchain-based cryptocurrency and application platform used to run smart contracts and decentralized applications. The project, originally named Antshares, was founded in 2014 by Da HongFei and Erik Zhang and rebranded as Neo in 2017. In 2017 and 2018, the cryptocurrency maintained some success in the Chinese market despite the recently-enacted prohibition on cryptocurrency in that country.

Technical specifications

The Neo network runs on a proof-of-stake decentralized Byzantine fault tolerant (dBFT) consensus mechanism between a number of centrally approved nodes, and can support up to 10,000 transactions per second. The base asset of the Neo blockchain is the non-divisible Neo token which generates GAS tokens. These GAS tokens, a separate asset on the network, can be used to pay for transaction fees, and are divisible with the smallest unit of 0.00000001. The inflation rate of GAS is controlled with a decaying half-life algorithm that is designed to release 100 million GAS over approximately 22 years.

X.509 Digital Identities allow developers to tie tokens to real-world identities which aid in complying with KYC/AML and other regulatory requirements.

History 
In 2014, Antshares was founded by Da Hongfei and Erik Zhang. In the following year, it was open-sourced on GitHub and by September 2015, the white paper was released.

A total of 100 million Neo were created in the genesis block. 50 million Neo were sold to early investors through an initial coin offering in 2016 that raised US 4.65 million, with the remaining 50 million Neo locked into a smart contract. Each year, a maximum of 15 million Neo tokens are unlocked which are used by the Neo development team to fund long-term development goals.

Neo was officially rebranded from Antshares in June 2017, with the idea of combining the past and the future.

Neo3 or N3 was first announced by Erik Zhang in 2018 as an upgrade to the previous Neo protocol (now known as Neo Legacy). Certain new features do not have backward compatibility with the Neo Legacy blockchain. N3 was implemented and launched with a new genesis block.

In March 2018, Neo's parent company Onchain distributed 1 Ontology token (ONT) for every 5 NEO held in a user's cryptocurrency wallet. These tokens were intended to be used to vote on system upgrades, identity verification mechanisms, and other governance issues on the Neo platform.

References

External links 
Official Website

Blockchains
Cryptocurrency projects
Wanfeng Auto Holding Group. Wanfeng Auto Holding Group (), fully referred to as Wanfeng Auto Holding Group Co., Ltd., headquartered in Xinchang County, China, is a parts and equipment manufacturer for the automotive industry, and energy saving.

The company was founded in 1994 by Chen Ailian. It manufactures lightweight metal parts: aluminium wheels and magnesium alloy materials, and provides environmental protection coatings, hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle assembly and powertrain systems, technical services and control systems.

It is involved in aircraft manufacturing and research & development, airport construction and management and general aviation operations: aerial sightseeing, air sports and flight training services.

It supplies industrial automatic gating systems, low pressure and gravity die cast machines and auxiliary equipment, with consulting and maintenance and repair services, and provides automation for auto and heavy industries and industrial robot intelligent equipment.

It provides private equity, hedge fund and finance leasing services.

It designs, develops, and constructs real estate properties and services high-rise buildings, multi-story residences, villas, office buildings, community and commercial buildings and government properties.

It is amongst the Chinese Private Enterprises Top 500 (#123) and China Auto Industry Top 30 (#18).
It is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and is a part of the SZSE 200 Index.

From 2018 to March 2020, Wanfeng Auto Holding Group illegally occupied more than 1.1 billion yuan of funds from its subsidiary Wanfeng Auto Wheel. On June 22, 2020, Zhejiang Securities Regulatory Bureau issued a warning letter to Wanfeng Auto Holding Group.

References  

Companies established in 1994
Companies based in Zhejiang
Companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Metal companies of China
Manufacturing companies of China
Chinese brands
Edward Aboufadel. Edward F. Aboufadel is an American mathematician currently Professor at Grand Valley State University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Education
He earned his B.S at Michigan State University in 1986 and his PhD at Rutgers University in 1992 under the supervision of Jane Cronin Scanlon.

Research
His interests are wavelets and data sets and 3D printing. His highest cited paper is "Discovering wavelets"

Publications
Edward Aboufadel, David Austin. A new method for computing the mean center of population of the United States. 58:1. 65–69. The Professional Geographer. 2006.
Merle C Potter, Jack Leonard Goldberg, Edward Aboufadel. Advanced engineering mathematics. Oxford University Press. 2005.
C Beckmann, P Wells, J Gabrosek, E Billings, E Aboufadel, P Curtiss, W Dickson, D Austin, A Champion. Enhancing the mathematical understanding of prospective teachers: Using Standards-based, grades K–12 activities. 151–163. Perspectives on the teaching of mathematics. 2004.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Grand Valley State University faculty
20th-century American mathematicians
Michigan State University alumni
Rutgers University alumni
21st-century American mathematicians
Mark Griswold. Mark Griswold is an American engineer currently professor at Case Western Reserve University and an Elected Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors.

Education
He earned his B.S in electrical engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and his Ph.D in physics at University of Würzburg.

Research
His interests are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware,   MR fingerprinting, and quantitative imaging. His highest cited paper is "Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA)" at 3565 times, according to Google Scholar.

Publications
Martin Blaimer, Felix Breuer, Matthias Mueller, Robin M Heidemann, Mark A Griswold, Peter M Jakob. SMASH, SENSE, PILS, GRAPPA: how to choose the optimal method. 15:4. 223-236. Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2004.
Mark A Griswold, Peter M Jakob, Mathias Nittka, James W Goldfarb, Axel Haase. Partially parallel imaging with localized sensitivities (PILS). 44:4. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2000.
Robin M Heidemann, Mark A Griswold, Axel Haase, Peter M Jakob. VD‐AUTO‐SMASH imaging. 45:6. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2001.
Dan Ma, Vikas Gulani, Nicole Seiberlich, Kecheng Liu, Jeffrey L Sunshine, Jeffrey L Duerk, Mark A Griswold. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting. 495: 7440. 187-192. Nature. 2013.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Case Western Reserve University faculty
21st-century American engineers
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
University of Würzburg alumni
Pennsylvania Railroad no. 1320. The Pennsylvania Railroad no. 1320 was a single experimental passenger three-cylinder compound 2-2-2-0 locomotive purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1889, based on the London and North Western Railway's (LNWR) Dreadnought class, designed by Francis Webb. As the railway's Crewe Works (which had built the Dreadnought classes) was not legally allowed to sell its locomotives, 1320 was instead constructed by Beyer, Peacock & Company in Manchester to the Dreadnought's specifications.

Design

The design featured a boiler pressed to  delivering saturated steam to two outside  high-pressure cylinders, which exhausted to one  low-pressure cylinder inside the frames. All three cylinders had a stroke of ; the high-pressure cylinders drove the rear wheels, while the low-pressure drove the leading driving wheels. As the two pairs of driving wheels were not connected, the locomotives were "duplex drive" or "double-singles".  

The locomotive performed poorly for the PRR, being slow and weak compared to the line's other, domestically purchased locomotives, as well as unsuited to the rougher trackage common of U.S. railroads. The unique design of the cylinders made the locomotive difficult to operate and maintain, making it unpopular among the road's engineers and management staff. The locomotive was scrapped in 1897.

Notes

References

Beyer, Peacock locomotives
Compound locomotives
Duplex locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
Pennsylvania Railroad locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1889
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Steam locomotives of the United States
2-2-2-0 locomotives
Yang-Tse Cheng. Yang-Tse Cheng is an American materials scientist currently the University of Kentucky Frank J. Derbyshire Professor of Materials Science at University of Kentucky and an Elected Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors Materials Research Society and American Physical Society.

Education
He earned his B.S in physics-mathematics, his M.S. and Ph.D in applied physics at California Institute of Technology. He worked as an engineer for General Motors before teaching at Purdue University in 2007 until starting at University of Kentucky that year.

Research
His interests are nanostructured materials, energy conversion and storage,  and sustainable manufacturing and engineering. His highest cited paper is "Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements" at 1036 times, according to Google Scholar.

Publications
Yang-Tse Cheng, Daniel E Rodak. Is the lotus leaf superhydrophobic? 86:14. 144101. Applied Physics Letters. 2005.
Yang-Tse Cheng, Che-Min Cheng. Relationships between hardness, elastic modulus, and the work of indentation. 73:5. 614-616. Applied physics letters 1998.
Yang T Cheng, DE Rodak, CA Wong, CA Hayden. Effects of micro-and nano-structures on the self-cleaning behaviour of lotus leaves. 17:5. Nanotechnology. 2005.
Yang-Tse Cheng, Che-Min Cheng. Scaling approach to conical indentation in elastic-plastic solids with work hardening. 84:3. 1284-1291. Journal of Applied Physics. 1998.

References

University of Kentucky faculty
American materials scientists
California Institute of Technology alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Ingenium engine family. The Ingenium family is a range of modular engines produced by Jaguar Land Rover, in both petrol and diesel variants. It uses a modular architecture making it possible to be produced in three-, four- and six-cylinder versions (built around individual 500 cc cylinders), depending on demand and requirements. The engines sourced from Ford were replaced by engines from Jaguar Land Rover's new Ingenium engine line from late 2015.

Ingenium's design is configurable and flexible for longitudinal and transverse architectures and for front, rear, and all-wheel drive, together with auto and manual transmissions. Hybrid variants are set to be released in the future. Both single- and twin-turbo boosting solutions from Mitsubishi and BorgWarner are used. Particular emphasis has been placed on achieving exceptionally low internal friction, which is described as being 17% less than a current 2.2 L diesel. "Other details include roller bearings on cam and balancer shafts instead of machined-in bearing surfaces, computer-controlled variable oil and water pumps, a split circuit cooling system enabling fast warm ups, a simplified cam drive system, crankshafts that are offset from the centre of the block and electronically controlled piston cooling jets to improve efficiency in the oil pumping circuit."

In 2017 Jaguar Land Rover licensed the Multiair/UniAir electrohydraulic variable valve lift system from Schaeffler Group, which Schaeffler in turn licensed from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2001. The system, developed by Fiat Powertrain Technologies, is an hydraulically-actuated variable valve timing (VVT) technology enabling "cylinder by cylinder, stroke by stroke" control of intake air directly via a gasoline engine's inlet valves.

In February 2019, Jaguar Land Rover announced their long-rumoured inline-6 engine. Instead of being a conventional engine, the new 3.0 L petrol inline-6 motor is combined with a 48 volt electric architecture to support an electric supercharger, belt starter-generator and extended engine shut offs while coasting and/or while stopped in traffic. The new engine is initially being offered in the Range Rover Sport in two power outputs,  and . Both are considered to be mild hybrid electric vehicles. The 48 volt electrical architecture JLR announced with this new engine is similar to Mercedes-Benz's "EQ Boost" and Audi's 48 V systems available in 2019.

Engine family list

See also 
MultiAir
Jaguar AJ-V8 
Land Rover Engines

References

External links 
 http://media.jaguar.com/news/2016/09/jaguar-land-rover-expands-ingenium-powertrain-family 
 http://media.jaguar.com/news/2014/09/ingenium-world-class-engine-technologies-powering-new-jaguar-xe
 http://www.evo.co.uk/news/evonews/292819/jlr_launches_ingenium_engine_family.html
 https://blog.caranddriver.com/jaguar-land-rover-details-new-scalable-turbocharged-ingenium-engine-family/ 

Jaguar Land Rover engines
Jaguar engines
Land Rover engines
Straight-three engines
Straight-four engines
Straight-six engines
Sinsong Line. The Sinsŏng Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in Tŏkch'ŏn-si, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from West Tŏkch'ŏn on the Sŏch'ang Line to Sinsŏng.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Mark 21 torpedo. The designation Mark 21 torpedo was applied by the United States Navy to two designs of acoustic homing aerial torpedo, both developed from the widely-used Mark 13 torpedo, but controlled by two different developers and taking two different approaches:

The Mark 21 Mod 0 torpedo was a torpedo developed in 1943 by Westinghouse, using electric propulsion
The Mark 21 Mod 2 torpedo was a torpedo developed in the late 1940s by Bell for use in the AUM-N-2 Petrel missile, using steam propulsion

Torpedoes of the United States
Eric Stach. Eric Andrew Stach is an American materials scientist who is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and an elected fellow of both the American Physical Society (for "development and application of in-situ and operando methods in materials research using transmission electron microscopy") and the Microscopy Society of America. He was also awarded the Eli F. Burton Award in 2009. He was named a "Highly Cited Researcher" in the newly established Cross-Field category in 2018.

Education
He earned his B.S. at Duke University in 1992, his M.S. and M.S.E at University of Washington in 1994, his Ph.D. at University of Virginia in 1998, and a Masters of Business Administration from Stony Brook University in 2018.

Research
His interests are materials science and engineering, crystallography, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, nanotechnology and he is a specialist in the field of electron microscopy. His highest cited paper "Graphene-based composite materials" has been cited 9570 times, according to Google Scholar.

Publications
Yanwu Zhu, Shanthi Murali, Meryl D Stoller, KJ Ganesh, Weiwei Cai, Paulo J Ferreira, Adam Pirkle, Robert M Wallace, Katie A Cychosz, Matthias Thommes, Dong Su, Eric A Stach, Rodney S Ruoff. Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene. 332:6037. 1537–1541. Science 2011.
Qingkai Yu, Luis A Jauregui, Wei Wu, Robert Colby, Jifa Tian, Zhihua Su, Helin Cao, Zhihong Liu, Deepak Pandey, Dongguang Wei, Ting Fung Chung, Peng Peng, Nathan P Guisinger, Eric A Stach, Jiming Bao, Shin-Shem Pei, Yong P Chen. Control and characterization of individual grains and grain boundaries in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition. 10:6. 443–449. Nature materials. 2011.
Qijie Guo, Grayson M Ford, Wei-Chang Yang, Bryce C Walker, Eric A Stach, Hugh W Hillhouse, Rakesh Agrawal. Fabrication of 7.2% efficient CZTSSe solar cells using CZTS nanocrystals. 132:49. 17384–17386. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2010.
Zhiwei Shan, EA Stach, JMK Wiezorek, JA Knapp, DM Follstaedt, SX Mao. Grain boundary-mediated plasticity in nanocrystalline nickel. 305:5684. 654–657. Science. 2004.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of Pennsylvania faculty
21st-century American scientists
American materials scientists
Duke University alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
Stony Brook University alumni
Hoedun Line. The Hoedun Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in Tŏkch'ŏn-si, South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Ch'ŏlgisan on the Sŏch'ang Line to Hoedun.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Ingpo Line. The Ingp'o Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Kuhyŏng on the P'yŏngdŏk Line to Ingp'o.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Tukchang Line. The Tŭkchang Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Pukch'ang on the P'yŏngdŏk Line to Sŏksan.

History
The line was opened in 1961 to assist with the construction of the Pukch'ang Thermal Power Complex which began in that year.

Services

The important Pukch'ang Thermal Power Complex - the largest coal-fired power plant in the DPRK -  is located on this line at Yangch'on, receiving a great deal of coal from the mines in the area.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Thomas Clyde (businessman). Thomas Clyde (1812 – January 12, 1885) was a ship-owner, founder of the Clyde Steamship Company, and a civil and marine engineer who built the first commercial screw steamer in America.

He was born in Ireland and emigrated to the United States at the age of eight.  He lived in Philadelphia with his uncle until they relocated to Chester, Pennsylvania in 1826.  Clyde and Edward Darlington co-owned a spinning mill on Chester Creek in Pennsylvania and another mill on the Brandywine River in Delaware.  He worked for his uncle's grocery business until 1832 and then took charge of a stone quarry on Ridley Creek.  The quarry provided huge blocks of stone ranging between two and seven tons to the U.S. Government for the construction of the Delaware Breakwater near Cape Henlopen, Delaware.  The stones were carried to Cape Henlopen by large sloops.  He also worked as a contractor on the construction of the James River and Kanawha Canal in Virginia.

In 1842, he began a short-sea shipping business between Philadelphia and New York. The venture initially consisted of only one steamer but quickly grew to twelve steamers running between the two ports.  The business expanded to include routes to Norfolk, Richmond, Alexandria, Washington, D.C. and other ports along the Atlantic Coast of the United States.

In 1844, Clyde partnered with Swedish inventor John Ericsson and Thomas Neafie (of Neafie & Levy) to apply Ericsson's screw-propeller technology to steam vessels.  After several experimental versions, Clyde launched the twin-screw propeller steamer John S. McKim making it the first screw steamer built in the United States for commercial use.

Thomas Clyde ran the shipping company from 1844 until 1861. He was at one point in that period the largest owner of steamers and steamships in the United States.  At one point he controlled all steamship traffic from New York to San Francisco as well as the traffic on the Panama Railroad.  He served as a director in the Delaware Mutual Safety Insurance Company and the Central National Bank.  He also had holdings in railroads and real estate.

His son William Pancoast Clyde took over the company and it expanded into the Clyde Steamship Company with additional steamships and routes in the last quarter of the 19th century and into the 20th. The company was sold to Charles W. Morse in 1906.

He was married to Rebecca Pancoast. He died on January 12, 1885, and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.

References

1812 births
1885 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
American bankers
American mining businesspeople
American businesspeople in shipping
American company founders
American manufacturing businesspeople
American shipbuilders
American textile industry businesspeople
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
People from Chester, Pennsylvania
Irish emigrants to the United States
Myonghak Line. The Myŏnghak Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Tŭkchang on the Tŭkchang Line to Myŏnghak.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Kwanha Line. The Kwanha Line is a non-electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Pukch'ang on the P'yŏngdŏk Line to Kwanha.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Ryongdae Line. The Ryŏngdae Line is an electrified railway line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Wŏnch'ang on the P'yŏngdŏk Line to Ryŏngdae.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea