omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tony Posawatz. Tony Posawatz (born 1960) is an American automotive engineer, best known for his work on the Chevrolet Volt, and in 2012 becoming chief executive of Fisker Automotive. He is a State of Michigan licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.).

Education

Posawatz graduated from Wayne State University in 1982 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering, attending as a General Motors Scholar & Engineering Intern. In 1986, he obtained an MBA from the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, supported by a General Motors Graduate Fellowship.

Career

Posawatz joined General Motors in 1980. He rose through the ranks from assembly-plant foreman to the executive level as vehicle line director for several GM products, concluding as Vehicle Line Director for the Chevrolet Volt from 2006 to 2012. Prior to his work on electric vehicles he was Planning Director for the Full-size Truck, responsible for development of the Cadillac Escalade and Chevrolet Avalanche. He retired from GM in July 2012.

Posawatz was previously Chairman of the Board of the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA).

In August 2012, he was appointed chief executive of California-based Fisker Automotive, replacing ex-Chrysler Tom LaSorda after only five months in post. Posawatz left Fisker in August 2013 and became CEO of an automotive and technology innovation consulting company Invictus iCar LLC.

In July 2023, Tony Posawatz was named the CEO of Fermata Energy, a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) bidirectional charging startup.

Personal

Posawatz is married to an engineer and has two sons.

References

1960 births
Living people
General Motors people
American automotive engineers
Tuck School of Business alumni
Wayne State University alumni
American chief executives in the automobile industry
Chandil railway station. Chandil Railway Station serves Chandil in Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

History
The Bengal Nagpur Railway was formed in 1887 for the purpose of upgrading the Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway and then extending it via Bilaspur to Asansol, in order to develop a shorter Howrah–Mumbai route than the one via Allahabad. The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to Asansol, on the Howrah–Delhi main line, was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.

The Chandil–Barkakana line was opened for traffic in 1927.

Electrification
The Purulia–Chakradharpur, Kandra–Gomharria, Sini–Adityapur, Adityapur–Tatanagar,  Chakradharpur–Manoharpur and Manoharpur–Rourkela sections were electrified in 1961–62.

References

External links
 Trains at Chandil

Chakradharpur railway division
Railway stations in Seraikela Kharsawan district
Railway stations in India opened in 1890
Agricultural Engineers Association. Agricultural Engineers Association (AEA) is a trade association in the United Kingdom which represents manufacturers and importers of agricultural machinery and outdoor equipment to Government, Parliament, and the media.

History 

The AEA was established in 1875 to promote the commercial, technical and trade interests of British manufacturers and suppliers of agricultural machinery and celebrated its 125th anniversary in London on 18 April 2000. It was incorporated in 1955 as private company limited by guarantee without share capital. It now also champions the cause of manufacturers of outdoor power equipment and its current members cover a broad spectrum of manufacturers of land based equipment.

The AEA issues trade statistics and commentary for the national media and organises large events for the industry such as Tillage Live, an annual UK cultivations event focusing on all aspects of crop establishment, and ScotGrass, a triennial grassland event.

The AEA became a member of the Engineering and Machinery Alliance, UK, in 2010.

Objectives 
 To safeguard and promote the interests of manufacturers and wholesale distributors
 To promote, support or oppose legislation or other measures affecting the interests of the industry
 To co-operate and negotiate with Government and other bodies interested or concerned in export and import trade
 To promote, maintain and assist scientific research, invention and technical development
 To promote, conduct, manage and co-operate with Associations, Clubs, Societies and other bodies in promoting, conducting or managing shows, exhibitions and demonstrations

References

References

Bibliography

External links
 

Agricultural organisations based in the United Kingdom
1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance. The 1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance involved a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster (BuNo 131588) of the United States Navy which disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean on 10 October 1956 with the loss of all 59 people on board.

Accident 
The R6D-1 – the U.S. Navy version of the United States Air Force C-118 Liftmaster and the civilian Douglas DC-6B airliner – was carrying a crew of nine and 50 passengers on a scheduled Military Air Transport Service flight from RAF Lakenheath, England, to Lajes Field in the Azores on 10 October 1956 when it disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean about  southwest of Land's End, England, at approximately 22:10. 

All of the passengers were personnel of the U.S. Air Forces 307th Bombardment Wing stationed at Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska, returning to the United States from 90 days of temporary duty in England. The disappearance was the second major accident involving a Navy R6D-1 in 19 months, an R6D-1 having crashed in Hawaii in March 1955.

A 14-day search for the aircraft and survivors found only wheels and a life raft floating  southwest of Lands End. No trace of the crew or passengers was ever found.

See also

List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)
1951 Atlantic C-124 disappearance
1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash

References

Accidents and incidents involving United States Navy and Marine Corps aircraft
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Atlantic Ocean
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-6
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1956
1956 in England
1956 in Portugal
Missing aircraft
United States Navy in the 20th century
Military history of the Atlantic Ocean
October 1956
SNCAC NC.130. The SNCAC NC.130 was a French high-altitude research aircraft of the 1930s. A single example flew in 1939, but was destroyed during the Second World War.

Design and development
The French aircraft manufacturer Farman designed and built the Farman F.1000 series of high altitude aircraft in the early 1930s. When Farman was nationalised to form part of the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre (SNCAC) in 1936, SNCAC continued its interest in high altitude aircraft, proposing a number of high-altitude projects, including the NC.140 four-engined heavy bomber (a pressurised derivative of the Farman F.223.3) and the twin-engined NC.150 bomber.

In order to aid the design of these projects and, in particular, the pressure cabins that they needed, SNCAC designed a pressurised twin-engined research aircraft, the SNCAC NC.130. The NC.130 was a low-winged cantilever monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. It was powered by two  Hispano-Suiza 12Ybr engines. Its crew of three were accommodated in a cylindrical riveted duralumin pressure cabin in the nose of the aircraft, with the pilot provided with thick glass portholes in the upper part of the cabin to allow outward vision.

Operational history
The NC.130 made its maiden flight on 10 October 1939. In May 1940, it was evacuated to the former Hanriot airfield at Bourges to escape the German invasion, interrupting the aircraft's test programme, it having flown 41 hours 18 minutes by this time. The evacuation was not successful, as the NC.130 was destroyed later that year.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

1930s French experimental aircraft
013
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
157 series. The  was a Japanese DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on limited express services by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1959 until 1980.

Operations
The 157 series EMUs were first introduced by JNR on Nikkō semi express services between  and  on 22 September 1959 to counter competition from the private company Tobu Railway, which also operated trains to Nikkō. They were also used on Chusenji services between  and Nikkō, and Nasuno services between  and .

157 series EMUs were also introduced on seasonal Hibiki services on the Tokaido Main Line from 21 November 1959, and were later used on Amagi and Soyokaze services.

Fleet details
 KuMoHa 157-1 – 10: Driving motor cars
 MoHa 156-1 – 10: Intermediate motor cars, with one pantograph
 SaHa 157-1 – 5: Intermediate trailer cars
 SaRo 157-1 – 6: Intermediate "Green" (first class) trailer cars
 KuRo 157-1: Imperial train car (see below)

External livery
Initially painted in the JNR livery of beige ("Cream No. 4") and crimson ("Red No. 11"), the red colour was later changed to a slightly darker shade ("Red No. 2") when the sets were modified with the addition of air-conditioning.

KuRo 157-1 imperial train car
The 157 series fleet included a dedicated imperial train car, built by Kawasaki Sharyo (present-day Kawasaki Heavy Industries) and delivered in June 1960. Numbered KuRo 157-1, the car could be inserted into 157 series formations for use on imperial train workings. One end had a gangwayed driving cab based on the 153 series EMU design, although the car was normally sandwiched in the middle of a 157 series formation, and was only very rarely used with the driving cab leading. In 1979, the car was modified for use in conjunction with 183 series EMUs, with the first official working on 2 July 1980. From March 1985, it was repainted in cream with a green stripe for use in conjunction with 185 series EMUs.

The last official operation of the car was on 8 September 1993.

Following retirement, the KuRo 157-1 car remained in storage at Tamachi Depot for many years, but was moved to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre in the early hours of 2 December 2012.

History
The first 157 series set was delivered in August 1959, and entered service on Nikkō semi express services between Tokyo and Nikkō from 22 September 1959. Air-conditioning was added to the trains from 1962.

With the exception of the special imperial train car KuRo 157-1, the entire fleet of 157 series trains was withdrawn by 1980.

Fleet details
The individual car histories are as follows.

References

Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1959
1959 in rail transport
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kawasaki multiple units
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
Ezequiel Di Paolo. Ezequiel A Di Paolo (born in Buenos Aires, 1970) is a full-time Research Professor at Ikerbasque, the Basque Foundation for Science. He also has affiliations with the Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics at the University of Sussex. His field of research covers enactivism and embodiment in cognitive science.

Education 
Di Paolo studied Physics at the University of Buenos Aires and obtained a Master of Science degree in Nuclear Engineering from the Balseiro Institute in Argentina. He has a PhD degree in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence from the University of Sussex.

Academic work 
His work includes research in  embodied cognition, dynamical systems, adaptive behaviour in natural and artificial systems, biological modelling, complex systems, evolutionary robotics, and philosophy of science. His research is in the tradition established by Varela, Thompson and Rosch, which was an early example of the embodied, enactive approach to cognition.

Di Paolo believes that embodiment and enactivism have the potential to increase our understanding in traditional problems of cognition, and advocates that these alternative views should be explored and developed further, rather than being subsumed (or 'watered down') under more traditional frameworks, such as the cartesian dualistic model.

His promotion and exploration  of embodiment and enactivism is carried on through his work in the academic consortium eSMCs , an EU funded project to investigate the role of sensorimotor contingencies in cognition.

Additionally, he is involved in Centre for Life, Mind and Society, a research group spanning complex systems in biology and self-organising systems.

Other areas of his work include social cognition and intersubjectivity. He is involved as principal investigator with the Marie-Curie Initial Training Network TESIS — Towards an Embodied Science of InterSubjectivity.

He is Editor-in-chief of the interdisciplinary journal Adaptive Behavior.

Publications 

Di Paolo, E. A. (2010). Robotics inspired in the organism. Intellectica, 53-54, 129–162.

References

External links 
 Personal blog
 University of Sussex

Enactive cognition
Cognitive scientists
Philosophers of science
Living people
1970 births
Researchers of artificial life
Alumni of the University of Sussex
University of Buenos Aires alumni
Richard Swanson. Richard Swanson (born 1945) is an American electrical engineer and businessman, retired founder of SunPower, a solar photovoltaic cell manufacturer.

Biography 
Swanson was born in Davenport, Iowa in 1945.

He graduated in 1969 with Bachelor of Engineering and Master of Engineering degrees from Ohio State University and, in 1975, received a Doctor of Philosophy in electrical engineering from Stanford University. He then joined the university faculty at Stanford and began research in solar cell technology. In 1985 Swanson received grants for his solar energy research from the Electric Power Research Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy. That same year he founded SunPower Corporation. Swanson is credited for creating Swanson's law, an observation that solar cell prices decline by 20% for every doubling of solar panel industry capacity. The law is often compared to the better known Moore's Law.

Honors 
In 2002, Richard was awarded the William R. Cherry Award by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Additionally, Swanson received the Becquerel Prize in Photovoltaics from the European Communities in 2006. He was elected a Fellow of the IEEE in 2008 and has been a member of the National Academy of Engineering since 2009.

References

External links 
 Richard Swanson at Stanford University

1945 births
Living people
American electrical engineers
Ohio State University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Scientists from Davenport, Iowa
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering or NIBGE () is one of the main biotechnology institutes operated by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). It is located in Faisalabad.

History
It was planned under the auspices of PAEC in 1987 and was formally inaugurated by president of Pakistan Farooq Leghari in 1994. It is affiliated to Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad, for awarding MPhil & PhD degrees. NIBGE is also the home institution of many Commodity Auctions and  National Biology Talent Contest.

Research Divisions

There are five research divisions at NIBGE:

 Agricultural Biotechnology Division (ABD)
 Health Biotechnology Division (HBD): offers services and products in areas of health biotechnology such as Human Molecular Genetics, Monogenic disorders, Karyotyping, Bacteriology, Complex disorders, Identification and synthesis of novel therapeutic agents.
 Industrial Biotechnology Division (IBD)
 Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division (SEBD)
 Technical Services Division

Notable alumni and faculty

 Irshad Hussain

Overview 
There are more than 370 books currently present in NIBGE Library. More than 20 theories have been published from NIBGE.

References

External links
Official website

Constituent institutions of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Research institutes in Pakistan
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
1994 establishments in Pakistan
SDK. SDK or sdk may refer to:
 Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan, a Filipino mass youth organization
 Sandakan Airport (IATA code SDK), Malaysia
 Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II), (Srpski Dobrovoljački Korpus), Axis group
 Showa Denko (Shōwa Denkō Kabushiki-gaisha), a Japanese chemical company
 Slovak Democratic Coalition (Slovenská demokratická koalícia), 1998–2002
 Social Democrats (Kyrgyzstan), a political party
 Software development kit
 Sos Kundi language (ISO 639-3 code sdk), a language spoken in Papua New Guinea
Lightbend. Lightbend, formerly known as Typesafe, is a company founded by Martin Odersky, the creator of the Scala programming language, Jonas Bonér, the creator of the Akka middleware, and Paul Phillips in 2011.

It provides a platform for building reactive applications for the JVM, consisting of the Play Framework, Akka middleware and Scala programming language, with additional supporting products and development tools such as the Slick database library for Scala and the sbt build tool. Lightbend also provides training, consulting and commercial support on the platform.

Lightbend is one of the main contributors of Reactive Streams.

In February 2016, the company was renamed from Typesafe to Lightbend and adopted a new logo.

Leadership
The company's CEO is Tyler Jewell and its CTO is Jonas Bonér.

Investors
Lightbend initially raised $3 million for Series A funding from Greylock Partners. Lightbend then raised another $14 million for Series B from Shasta Ventures, Greylock Partners, Juniper Networks and Francois Stieger.  Intel Capital is leading a new $20 million Series C round of funding along with new investor Blue Cloud Ventures and current backers Bain Capital Ventures, Polytech Ecosystem Ventures, and Shasta Ventures.  This brings funding to date to $42 million.

Products
Lightbend leads the following open-source or source-available software projects: 
Akka event-driven middleware
It is also a core participant in the development of:
Scala programming language

Lightbend also offers Lightbend Subscription, which offers 24/7 developer support and a commercial product Lightbend Production Suite. 
Lightbend Production Suite includes service orchestration, Lightbend Monitoring, application resilience, and enhanced availability.

Conferences
Lightbend initiated the Scala Days conference which brings together developers from around the world to share their experiences and new ideas around creating applications with Scala. Since its inception, the Scala Center has taken over the responsibility for organizing Scala Days. 

Lightbend even initiated Reactive Summit as a conference around the principles for asynchronous stream processing with Reactive Streams which was later donated to the Linux Foundation.

Educational Resources 
Lightbend offers an educational platform called Lightbend Academy, which includes online courses for subscription customers.

References

External links

Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies established in 2011
Middleware
Bain Capital companies
2011 establishments in California
American companies established in 2011
Pressuretrol. A pressuretrol is a control used to control a steam boiler, by setting when the boiler should begin and end firing based on steam pressure. The pressuretrol is generally secondary to another control, such as a thermostat(generally in smaller buildings) or outdoor-reset controller- If this controller is not calling for heat, the pressuretrol will not activate the boiler.

Settings
Pressuretrols have 2 settings: A main cut-in or cut-out setting (depending on model), and a differential setting (which is either additive or subtractive, and usually stated on the controller). The main setting is accessible from the outside of the controller, but the differential is often located inside the controller box, and typically the cover must be removed by removing a screw to access the differential control. If the main setting is a cut-in setting, then the differential setting sets the cut-out setpoint by adding to the cut-in setting(additive), and if the main setting is a cut-out setting, then the differential sets the cut-in by subtracting from the cut-out setting (subtractive).

Domestic hot water
Note that in systems in which the boiler provides domestic hot water as well as steam, the pressuretrol does not control the DHW temperature. This is controlled by an aquastat which can control the boiler independently of the pressuretrol to meet DHW demand.

References

Control devices
Boilers
Hélyette Geman. Hélyette Geman is a French academic in mathematical finance. In 2022 she became the first woman in 41 years to be named ‘Financial Engineer of the Year’ by the International Association of Financial Engineers. Her career has spanned several sub-disciplines including catastrophic insurance, probability theory, and the finance of commodities. Her academic institutions include ESSEC Business School, the University Paris Dauphine (Master 203), and Birkbeck, University of London. She is currently a Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University.

Notable Research and Activities
Helyette Geman is most known for:
 Having been the first to formally introduce the forward measure for the valuation of interest rate derivatives.
 Having coined the term numéraire in the context of option pricing and commodities portfolio management.
 Having exhibited a stochastic clock driven by order flow, leading to the normality of asset returns.
 Her role in creating, with Marc Yor, the sought-after master's program, jointly operated by the French Universities École Polytechnique, Pierre and Marie Curie University, and ESSEC Business School.
 Pricing Catastrophe Futures and Options using Bessel Processes.
 Her work on probability distributions, specifically the "CGMY" Lévy process named after Carr, Helyette Geman, Madan and Yor.
 Her 2005 book on Commodities Derivatives.
 Having Organized in June 2000 the First Bachelier World Congress with Professors Paul Samuelson, Robert Merton, and Henri McKean.
 Her book 'Insurance, Weather and Electricity Derivatives: From Exotic Options to Exotic Underlyings', 1999, Risk Books.
 Her work on 'Bitcoins and Commodities'
 Being the PhD supervisor of Nassim Nicholas Taleb.

Selected publications
 Changes of Numeraire, Changes of Probability Measure and Option Pricing, with Nicole El Karoui, Jean-Charles Rochet. Journal of Applied Probability, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Jun., 1995), pp. 443–458
 The Fine Structure of Asset Returns: An Empirical Investigation, with Peter Carr, Dilip B. Madan, and Marc Yor. The Journal of Business 75 (2) (April 2002): 305–332.
 Order Flow, Transaction Clock and Normality of Asset Returns, Journal of Finance, Oct 2000, Vol 55, pp. 2259-2284
 Stochastic Time Changes in Catastrophe Option Pricing Insurance, Mathematics and Economics, Dec 1997, Vol 21, pp. 185-193.

Awards
 2022 IAQF/Northfield Financial Engineer of the Year Award
 Member of Honour - French Society of Actuaries
 Energy Risk - Hall of Fame.

References

External links
 Personal Homepage: http://www.helyettegeman.com
 Personal Homepage: http://www.ems.bbk.ac.uk/faculty/geman/
 Mathematics Genealogy Project: https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=213191

Living people
21st-century French mathematicians
21st-century French women mathematicians
Financial economists
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Academics of Birkbeck, University of London
Year of birth missing (living people)