omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Loening XS2L. The Loening XS2L was an American biplane scout amphibian developed by Keystone-Loening (then a subsidiary of Curtiss-Wright), for the United States Navy during the early 1930s.

Design and development
In the early 1930s the Navy became interested in exploring amphibious capabilities for its cruiser-based observation and scout floatplanes to remedy the problem of periodically having to rig the wheeled undercarriage and then revert to floats. After some experiments, installing retractable landing gear into the existing types' floats was ruled out due to degradation in performance. A purpose-built amphibian, however, was viewed as a potentially better solution.
 
Three companies – Great Lakes, Keystone-Loening and Sikorsky - submitted aircraft to meet the Navy's requirements, with their designs designated XSG-1, XS2L-1 and XSS-1 respectively.  The Loening's entry was a conventional biplane that featured flying boat hull, retractable main landing gear and a single R-985 Wasp Junior engine in a nacelle on the upper wing. The pilot and observer were seated in an enclosed cockpit that also encompassed some of the interplane struts, resulting in a curiously shaped glazing area.

The XS2L-1 was delivered for official trials in February 1933. Although it showed marginally better performance than its rivals, it still offered no considerable advantages over the existing floatplanes like the Vought O3U-3 and Berliner-Joyce OJ-2, and no production resulted.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (XS2L-1)

See also

References

Citations

External links
 Loening XS2L-1 photograph.

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
1930s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI. The Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI was a conference organized by the Future of Life Institute, held January 5–8, 2017, at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in California. More than 100 thought leaders and researchers in economics, law, ethics, and philosophy met at the conference, to address and formulate principles of beneficial AI. Its outcome was the creation of a set of guidelines for AI research – the 23 Asilomar AI Principles.

The principles, published as an open letter, received signatures from scientist Stephen Hawking, CEO of Google Deepmind Demis Hassabis, AI researchers Ilya Sutskever, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Stuart Russell, philosophers Sam Harris and Will MacAskill, and actor Joseph Gordon-Levitt, amongst others.

Notes and references

Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Ethics of science and technology
Events in the Monterey Bay Area
Aria FXE. The Aria FXE is an American mid-engined sports car manufactured by American automotive design and engineering company Aria Group. The car is loosely named after Ed Taylor, former Vice President of Design at General Motors. The FXE is Aria's first production car, and was unveiled at the 2017 Los Angeles Auto Show.

History 
Before the FXE, Aria had been previously involved in designing and manufacturing concept and production cars such as the Singer Porsche 911, Ford Shelby GR-1 and the Tesla Model S concept from 2009. They had also designed aerospace, entertainment, production, and architectural systems and models such as the SpaceX "Dragon capsule", the Warthog (from the Halo 4 first-person shooter video game), the Las Vegas Monorail, and the Infiniti wall sculpture.

Aria then made plans to create a sports car of their own in 2016, with their first in-house Aria-branded car in the form of the Aria "Fast Eddy" Concept. This design was later used for the FXE. The car was teased a few days before it was unveiled at the 2017 Los Angeles Auto Show.

Vehicle data 
Aria's sports car is assembled at their product development facilities in Irvine, California.

The FXE's engine is a 6.2-liter supercharged V8 engine based on the General Motors LT4 engine (used in the Chevrolet Corvette Z06) and is supported by two axial-flux induction electric motors at the front with a 10 kWh battery pack. The combined power output is , and . A seven-speed dual-clutch transmission is used to deliver the power to the rear wheels, while the front wheels are driven by the two electric motors making the car all-wheel drive. The car can accelerate from 0– in 3.1 seconds and has a top speed of . 

The FXE uses a carbon fiber monocoque, carbon fiber panels, 3D printed aluminium and titanium parts along with HRE center-locking mechanised forged wheels with carbon fiber inserts utilising Pirelli Trofeo R tires. The car uses Aria's patent-pending "Integrated Composite Structure" chassis.

Sales and production 
Aria reports that only 400 cars would be produced, with every car being fully customised by the customer. The car goes on sale in 2019.

References 

Sports cars
Hybrid electric cars
Cars introduced in 2017
Iwami-class patrol vessel. The  is a class of 1,000 ton-class PL type patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard (JCG).

Backgrounds 
In the 2000s, the JCG was building 1000-ton class PLs with a high speed planing hull, such as  and es. Although these ships were excellent in security missions, they were also unsuitable for rescue missions because of their poor low-speed stability and cruising capacity.

Since the mass retirement of the  was planned in the 2010s, general-purpose ships as replacements were needed. For this purpose, construction of the  was started under the FY2009 supplement budget, but they were too expensive to build in large quantities.

Because their high cost, construction of this class was started under the FY2010 supplement budget as more reasonable but still versatile vessels.

Design 
Due to the demand for multi-mission capabilities, displacement hull made of steel was adopted as same as the Kunigami class. The superstructure is made of aluminium alloy. She is designed to assume the towing of a distress ship with a bollard pull of 45 tons, two funnels separated on the left and right ensure backward visibility. Because the aviation capability was not required, the helipad on the stern deck was omitted. Also no fin stabilizer was equipped, but antiroll tanks were retained since low-speed stability was required.

Based on the lesson learned from the operation of humanitarian response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the last four ships strengthened the capacity of the fresh water generator, and additionally equipped with a water supply unit, a fuel supply unit, and a loading crane.

As a main weapon, a Bushmaster II 30 mm chain gun system with an optical director is installed.

In service 
The level of stability of this class was good, the automation was also proceeding, and it was a popular boat for the crew. However, this class was considered not to be so suitable for the security missions on the Senkaku Islands, and the Kunigami class began construction again in FY2012. This additional construction reduced costs, therefore construction of Kunigami class is continuing from FY 2013 onwards.

Ships in the class

See also
 List of Japan Coast Guard vessels and aircraft

References

Patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard
Patrol ship classes
FASTLIGHT. FASTLIGHT is a small dimension, small weight (50 kg/110 lbs) precision guided glide bomb designed from deployment from small platforms that can attack both fixed and moving targets. It was developed by Israel Military Industries (IMI). The relatively light warhead is optimized for such missions where minimum collateral damage is of high importance. It features GPS/INS/Laser guidance with a CEP of 10m.

See also

 Small Diameter Bomb
 Griffin LGB
 Small Smart Weapon
 Spice (bomb)
 MSOV

References

Guided bombs of Israel
Aerial bombs of Israel
Kaman K-16B. The Kaman K-16B is an experimental vertical-takeoff-and-landing aircraft that was constructed by Kaman Aircraft for the United States Navy in 1959 to evaluate the tiltwing concept. Converted from a Grumman Goose amphibian, the K-16B underwent extensive wind tunnel and tethered testing, but was not flown before the project was terminated in 1962.

Design and development
During the late 1950s, there was extensive interest in the vertical takeoff and landing concept for aircraft, with multiple experimental types ordered to develop the technology for potential service. The United States Navy contracted with Kaman Aircraft of Bloomfield, Connecticut, to build a testbed based on the company's 'rotorprop' concept for tiltwing aircraft, using a Grumman JRF-5 Goose amphibian and other existing parts to reduce the cost and time necessary. The fuselage and tail of the Goose were mated to a new tilting wing and engine configuration; the maximum angle of incidence allowed was only 50 degrees; the rotorprop was expected to provide sufficient thrust to allow VTOL operations despite the low angle.

Operational history
Delivered in late 1959, the K-16B underwent extensive wind tunnel testing, along with some tethered hops, to evaluate the tiltwing configuration's aerodynamic characteristics. Flight testing was originally anticipated to begin in the fall of 1960, however these preliminary tests continued into 1962. That year the project was cancelled with the aircraft having not conducted its first free flight.

Surviving aircraft
The prototype K-16B is on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.

Specifications

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

K-016B
1950s United States experimental aircraft
Tiltwing aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Turboshaft-powered aircraft
Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft
Unflown aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Metview. Metview is a meteorological workstation and batch system developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).

History 
Development began at ECMWF in 1990 in co-operation with the National Institute for Space Research of Brazil and Météo-France.

Features

User interface 

Metview has an icon based graphical user interface, where any aspect of a meteorological (graphical) product is expressed in an icon. Users can prototype a visualisation by dragging and dropping icons in the plot area.

Metview offers also various tools to explore and display the content of meteorological file formats, such as GRIdded Binary or General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary form (GRIB), Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR), Network Common Data Form (NetCDF), and OpenDocument Database Front End Document Format (ODB).

Macro language for batch processing 
The Macro language is designed as a high-level programming language to allow analysts and scientists to concentrate on the work and processing flow being developed.
# Metview Macro

# reading GRIB files through the read() function
a = read(mygrib1.grb)
b = read(mygrib2.grb)

# calculating the differences between two fields 
c = a-b

# plotting the result
plot(c)
In 2017 a Python version of the macro language was developed.

File format support 
Metview supports the various meteorological data formats as input and output formats: GRIB (editions 1 and 2), BUFR, NetCDF, ODB (ECMWF Observation Database), Local databases and ASCII data files (comma-separated values, grids and scattered data)

Development 
All major developments are made at the Development Section at ECMWF. Most of the code is in C++ and the code is versioned in git. CMake is used as build system.

Metview makes use of other software packages developed at ECMWF. Metview is an extended MARS client, and uses ecCodes for GRIB and BUFR handling and Magics for contouring and visualisation.

Distribution 
Metview is distributed mainly as a source code tar file, termed a tarball, under an Apache License version 2.0. There are plans to distribute the code on GitHub.

Binary versions of Metview are available in conda (through the conda-forge channel), in Ubuntu and MacPorts. RPMs for major Linux distribution are provided on the Open Build Service.

References

External links
 

Graphic software in meteorology
Science software
ISO 17800. ISO 17800 is an international standard for the Facility Smart Grid Information Model (FSGIM), which is currently under development. ISO 17800 is one of the International Organization for Standardization's group of standards for building environment design, and is the responsibility of ISO Technical Committee 205 (TC205).

Standard documents 
The first edition of ISO 17800 is detailed in the ISO 17800 standard document which was published in December 2017.

According to ISO, the scope of the standard is defined as:ISO 17800:2017 provides the basis for common information exchange between control systems and end use devices found in single - and multi-family homes, commercial and institutional buildings, and industrial facilities that is independent of the communication protocol in use. It provides a common basis for electrical energy consumers to describe, manage and communicate about electrical energy consumption and forecasts.ISO 17800:2017 defines a comprehensive set of data objects and actions that support a wide range of energy management applications and electrical service provider interactions including:a) on-site generation,b) demand response,c) electrical storage,d) peak demand management,e) forward power usage estimation,f) load shedding capability estimation,g) end load monitoring (sub metering),h) power quality of service monitoring,i) utilization of historical energy consumption data, andj) direct load control.In addition to the printed text, the standard also contains a UML (Unified Modeling Language) model of all of the concepts in the standard.

See also 
 ISO 15118
 IEC 61850
 IEC 61851
 IEC 63110

References 

17800
Green Creative LLC. Green Creative LLC is a Silicon Valley–based company that manufactures and develops solid state LED lighting. In October 2017, they were acquired by Harbor Group.

History
In 2009, after four years of living in China, Cole Zucker returned to the U.S. At the time, LED was just entering the U.S. market as a viable replacement technology. He then co-founded the company with Guillaume Vidal in 2010 and launched commercial operations in 2011.

The company developed and patented various technologies and utilized a strong integrated R&D. The development was cited by the Illuminating Engineering Society Progress Report, the LEDs Magazine Sapphire Awards, Edison Report and NAILD among others.

In 2013, Green Creative was ranked No. 213 on the Inc 5000 fastest growing private companies, generating $39.6 million, a 1,824.5% growth over three years.

In October 2017, Green Creative was acquired by Harbor Group for an undisclosed sum.

References

External links
Official website

Companies based in Silicon Valley
NASA Electric Aircraft Testbed. The NASA Electric Aircraft Testbed (NEAT) is a NASA reconfigurable testbed in Plum Brook Station, Ohio, used to design, develop, assemble and test electric aircraft power systems, from a small, one or two person aircraft up to  airliners. NASA research agreements (NRA) are granted to develop electric-propulsion components.
They will be completed in 2019 and the internal NASA work by 2020, then they will be assembled in a megawatt-scale drive system to be tested in the narrowbody-sized NEAT.

Machines  
The University of Illinois is developing a 1-megawatt permanent magnet synchronous motor spinning at 18,000 rpm to drive a Rolls-Royce LibertyWorks' Electrically Variable Engine turbofan from a battery for taxiing, takeoff and idle descent in a parallel hybrid.
Ohio State University is building 300-kW and 1-megawatt prototype motors, a 2,700 rpm, 1-m (3.3-ft) diameter, 2.7-megawatt liquid cooled ring induction motor and designed a 5,000 rpm, 10-megawatt turbofan integrated ring motor.
These electric machines target 13 kW/kg and over 93% efficiency, while NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a superconducting electric machine with a 16 kW/kg goal and above 98% efficiency: a 0.4-m-dia, 6,800 rpm, 1.4-megawatt wound-field synchronous motor using a self-cooled, high-temperature superconducting rotor winding.

Voltage  
The highest voltage used now is 540 (±270) volts, but distributing megawatt-scale power will require higher voltage to reduce current for smaller, lighter electric cables.
One megawatt over  need 900 kg at 540 V but would be reduced to 200 kg at 2,000 V DC.
A near-term hybrid would need 1,000–3,000-volt and a fully turboelectric large aircraft 5,000–10,000-volt, like ship power systems but arcing occurs at much lower voltages at low pressures than at sea level.

Inverters 
While a battery power source would use a direct current distribution, a gas turbine power source would also allow alternating current which would need power converters, mainly inverters to convert DC to controlled, variable-frequency AC to regulate a motor speed and torque.
Silicon carbide [SiC] and gallium nitride [GaN] switches can operate at higher frequencies with lower losses, increasing efficiency.
GE is building a 2,400-volt DC, 1-megawatt inverter with SiC switches and its 1.7-kW MOSFETs power modules.
The University of Illinois is building a 1,000 volts DC, 200-kW "flying capacitor" scalable to a 1-megawatt with GaN-based field-effect transistor switches.
Both are liquid cooled and target 19 kW/kg at 99% efficiency, but Boeing is developing a cryogenically cooled 1-megawatt inverter for 26 kW/kg and 99.3% efficiency with off-the-shelf silicon semiconductors, and is currently fabricating a liquid-nitrogen-cooled 200-kW inverter before a 1-megawatt one.

References 

Glenn Research Center
Science and technology in Ohio
Thomas Diery Patten. Thomas Diery Patten CBE FRSE (1 January 1926 – 4 July 1999) was a Scottish mechanical engineer and educator. He was involved in the development of the Scottish North Sea Oil Industry in the 1960s, heading the Institute of Offshore Engineering. He was President of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers 1991/92. He was known as Tom Patten.

Life

He was born in Ford, Northumberland on New Years Day, 1 January 1926 to Scottish parents: his father was William Ford who had raised himself from a post office telegraph boy to manager of the Prudential Insurance Company.

His family moved to Edinburgh and he was educated at Leith Academy. He then studied engineering at the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc. Although too young to serve in the Second World War he served National Service 1947 to 1949, and was posted first to Palestine (during its critical years), and then to the British Military Mission in Greece where he attached to the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers with the notional rank of captain. In 1950 he returned to Edinburgh and began lecturing in engineering at the University of Edinburgh. He became senior lecturer in 1952 and gained his first doctorate in 1954. He ran the University's Officer Training Corps. In 1957 he had a sabbatical year at McGill University in Canada. In 1967 he was given a professorship at Heriot-Watt University. He later became Vice Principal of the University.

In 1961 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John F. Allen, William Ewart Farvis, Norman Feather and Mowbray Ritchie. He served as Secretary to the Society from 1972 to 1976 and as Vice President 1976 to 1979. Queen Elizabeth II created him a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1981.

He retired in 1981 and died on 4 April 1999.

Family

In 1950 he married Jacqueline Wright. They had two daughters, Diane and Gail and one son, Colin Patten.

References

1926 births
1999 deaths
People educated at Leith Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
20th-century Scottish engineers
Academics of Heriot-Watt University
People from Ford, Northumberland
Transplatin. trans-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) is the trans isomer of the coordination complex with the formula trans-PtCl2(NH3)2, sometimes called transplatin.  It is a yellow solid with low solubility in water but good solubility in DMF. The existence of two isomers of PtCl2(NH3)2 led Alfred Werner to propose square planar molecular geometry. It belongs to the molecular symmetry point group D2h.

Preparation and reactions
The complex is prepared by treating [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2 with hydrochloric acid.

Many of the reactions of this complex can be explained by the trans effect.  It slowly hydrolyzes in aqueous solution to give the mixed aquo complex trans-[PtCl(H2O)(NH3)2]Cl.  Similarly it reacts with thiourea (tu) to give colorless trans-[Pt(tu)2(NH3)2]Cl2.  In contrast, the cis isomer gives [Pt(tu)4]Cl2.  Oxidative addition of chlorine gives trans-PtCl4(NH3)2.

Medicinal chemistry
trans-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) has had far less impact on medicinal chemistry compared to its cis isomer, cisplatin, which is a major anticancer drug.  Nonetheless, replacement of the ammonia with other ligands has led to highly active drugs that have attracted much attention.

References

Ammine complexes
Coordination complexes
Platinum(II) compounds
Chloro complexes
Platinum complexes
TSD Desalination. TSD Desalination (Tethys Solar Desalination) is an Israeli startup company that provides solar-powered desalination technology. Jewish Business News named TSD one of 25 cool Israeli startups to watch in 2017, and CNBC mentioned TSD alongside IDE Technologies in a review of Israeli high-tech.

TSD was founded in 2014. Their technology, developed by Joshua Altman and Prof. Moshe Tshuva at Afeka College of Engineering in Tel Aviv, uses solar energy directly to power desalination and water treatment. Ze'ev Emmerich, a founder of TSD, claims their method is scalable and environmentally friendly, as well as being cheaper than reverse osmosis.

References

External links
 Tethys Solar Desalination

Technology companies of Israel
Water desalination
Israeli companies established in 2014
Entry/Exit System. The Entry/Exit System (EES) is a planned system of the European Union for the automatic electronic monitoring and recording of border crossings of third-country nationals (non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens) at all border crossings of the Schengen Area. The system will be operated by eu-LISA.

The most recently announced start date is "in 2025." After implementation passport stamps will no longer be used upon entering or exiting the Schengen Area. The system will store in a database of the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) traveller information including name, date of birth, fingerprints and biometrics for a facial recognition system, and locations and times of border crossings they make.

European Union Regulations 
 Regulation (EU) 2017/2226 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2017 establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES) to register entry and exit data and refusal of entry data of third-country nationals crossing the external borders of the Member States and determining the conditions for access to the EES for law enforcement purposes, and amending the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement and Regulations (EC) No 767/2008 and (EU) No 1077/2011 (OJ L 327, 9 December 2017, p. 20)
 Regulation (EU) 2017/2225 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2017 amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 as regards the use of the Entry/Exit System (OJ L 327, 9 December 2017, p. 1)

References

See also
 United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT)

External links 
 Entry/Exit System (EES) via Europa
 New requirements to travel to Europe: Home / ETIAS / EES (Entry/Exit System)

Biometric databases
Government databases of the European Union
Law enforcement in Europe
Information System