omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
A. Murat Eren. A. Murat Eren (Meren) is a computer scientist known for his work on microbial ecology and developing novel, open-source, computational tools for analysis of large data sets.

Early life and education 
Eren grew up in the Barhal Valley in Turkey and studied cryptography as an undergraduate at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi where he earned a B.S. in 2002. He moved to the United States and started his Ph.D. at the University of New Orleans. While working at the Children's Hospital of New Orleans, Eren was introduced to microbiology by Michael Ferris. In 2011 Eren completed his Ph.D.; his dissertation was titled Assessing microbial diversity through nucleotide variation.

Career and research 
Eren's Ph.D. research involved developing oligotyping, a computational method to examine the diversity of microorganisms within high throughput sequencing datasets. Following his Ph.D., Eren joined the Marine Biological Laboratory as a postdoctoral scientist, during which he applied oligotyping to microbes that live in the human genitourinary tract, oral cavity, and sewage. In 2015 he joined the University of Chicago as an assistant professor, where he started using metagenomics to investigate the ecology and evolution of microbes found in the human gut, human mouth, and surface ocean. In 2022, Eren was appointed Professor of Ecosystem Data Science at the University of Oldenburg and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research.

Eren is an advocate of open-source software and leads the community development of anvi'o, a platform to allow analysis and visualization of large datasets.

Selected publications

Awards and honors 

 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship in Ocean Sciences (2020)
 American Society for Microbiology Award for Early Career Environmental Research (2021)
 Research Parasite Award Sustained Parasitism (2022)

References

External links 
 
 
 

University of Chicago faculty
University of New Orleans alumni
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University alumni
Living people
Turkish computer scientists
Ecologists
Free software programmers
1980 births
Wright GB Hawk. The Wright GB Hawk is a full-size single-deck bus produced by Wrightbus in Ballymena, Northern Ireland since 2021. The first all-new model to be launched by Wrightbus following their takeover by JCB, the GB Hawk is an integral design consisting of the same chassis and body design as the existing double-deck Wright StreetDeck; it is also powered by the same Daimler OM934 engine found in the StreetDeck and StreetLite. 

The GB Hawk replaces the Volvo B8RLE-powered Wright Eclipse 3 at the top end of the Wrightbus single-decker bus range, as they consolidate towards producing only integral vehicles, and competes with heavyweight designs such as the MCV Evora and the Scania Fencer. Production of the GB Hawk commenced in January 2021. With the discontinuation of the StreetLite in 2024, the GB Hawk is now the only single-deck bus produced by Wrightbus with Diesel propulsion.

The first Hawk entered service on non-passenger trials with Ipswich Buses in February 2021. Northern Irish state operator Ulsterbus were the first and so far only operator to place orders for the GB Hawk, with 123 examples entering service with the operator from mid-2021.

References

External links 
 
 Wrightbus product description

Single-deck buses
Low-floor buses
Vehicles introduced in 2021
GB Hawk
Farmall B. The Farmall B is a small one-plow row crop tractor produced by International Harvester under the Farmall brand from 1939 to 1947. It was derived from the popular Farmall A, but was offered with a narrow set of centerline front wheels instead of the A's wide front axle, allowing two-row cultivation. The operator's seat was offset to the right to allow better forward visibility.

Description and production
Styled by Raymond Loewy, it was one of International Harvester's "letter series", with 75,241 produced over the 8-year run. Mechanically identical to the Farmall A from which it was derived, B was rated for one  plow.

The B is equipped with the A's International Harvester C113 4-cylinder inline overhead valve engine, with a  displacement. The sliding-gear transmission contains five total gears: four forward and one reverse, transmitted via a portal axle. It was similar to the Farmall A, using the same engine moved back to the tractor's centerline, with a narrow front end, centrally placed, and with the seat offset to the right to preserve some of the A's cultivation visibility. The arrangement allowed two rows to be cultivated.  As with other Farmall letter-series tractors, the design featured an integral frame and unitary construction, allowing entire assemblies to be replaced. Rear wheels on all models used a geared portal axle to provide sufficient ground clearance, and could be adjusted in width over a range of  to , allowing it to straddle wider rows than the A could. Versions were produced for both gasoline and kerosene fuel. About 210,000 As and Bs were produced, selling for between $575 and $1,000.

The B was replaced by the Farmall C in 1948.

From 1940 to 1947, International Harvester produced the Farmall BN, with the same engine displacement, but with a rear wheel width adjustment of  to  for narrower rows. About 1500 BN tractors were produced.

Comparable products
Comparable products include the John Deere M, the Massey-Harris 20, and the Ferguson TE-20.

References

External links
NTTL Test #331 - Farmall B - Gasoline at the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory archive
NTTL Test #332 - Farmall B - Distillate at the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory archive

Farmall tractors
Vehicles introduced in 1939
Raymond Loewy
James Eugene Broadwell. James Eugene "Gene" Broadwell (January 15, 1921, Atlanta, Georgia – June 22, 2018, Palo Alto, California) was an American aeronautical engineer, known for the Broadwell model (1964, Physics of Fluids). The model consists of a set of differential equations, describing the structure of a shock wave in a simple discrete velocity gas.

Biography
Broadwell graduated in 1942 from Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. He served from 1942 to 1946 in the United States Army Air Force. During his military service, he was stationed at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, except when he was sent for additional training to California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he received in 1944 an M.S. in aeronautical engineering. During his service at Wright Field, he worked on the design and development of aircraft engines. In October 1943 in Dayton, he married Edith "Edie" Merriman (1923–2018). Their marriage took place a few days before he was posted to Caltech. In 1948, the couple with their first daughter moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he enrolled as a graduate student at the University of Michigan. There in 1952 he received a Ph.D. in aeronautical engineering. From 1948 to 1959 he was at the University of Michigan, where he was eventually promoted to associate professor. During Gene and Edie Broadwell's years in Ann Arbor, she gave birth to two more daughters, had her own television show, acted in university plays, and was a troop leader for the Brownies and the Girl Scouts of the USA. The family left Michigan and moved to Palos Verdes in Los Angeles County, California. There Gene Broadwell worked for TRW for many years. He also worked with colleagues at Caltech and sometimes did research at Caltech and Stanford University.

In 1987 he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to the understanding and management of turbulent mixing with application to chemical laser design." In 2014 he was elected to the Georgia Tech Engineering Hall of Fame.

Gene and Edie Broadwell were married for 75 years. She died about a month before he died. Upon his death he was survived by three daughters, a grandson, and two great-granddaughters.

Selected publications
 
 
 
 
  (over 430 citations)

References

1921 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
American aerospace engineers
Georgia Tech alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Naval Engineering School (Germany). The Marinetechnikschule (MTS) in Parow is an engineering school of the German Navy. The school has existed in its current form since 1996 and is the largest training facility in the German Navy. She is subordinate to the operational support commander in the naval command in Rostock, but is technically assigned to the local head of personnel, training, organization.

History
The Parow district of the Kramerhof municipality, a few kilometers north of Stralsund, has been the location of various military bases for many years. From 1936 until the end of the war, the Parow aviator base existed. From 1950 until the reunification, crews and petty officers of the Volksmarine were trained here in the Walter Steffens' naval school. The university entrance qualification for officer students of the Volksmarine also took place at the naval school. These then usually studied at the officers' college of the Volksmarine Karl Liebknecht in Stralsund with the professional goal of officers.

In the course of the structural reform of the Navy after the fall of the Berlin wall in the GDR, it was decided to reduce the number of naval schools. The technical training for all ranks, which previously took place in eight different locations, should be concentrated in a newly established marine technology school.

With the decision in favor of Parow and the groundbreaking started on 30 November 1992, the Bundeswehr's largest investment project in the new federal states began. The navy's largest and most modern school was built in a total of three construction phases between 1992 and 2003. Only a few of the old buildings have been preserved.

On 28 March 1996, Defense Minister Volker Rühe officially put the marine technology school into service. After the Technical Naval School II in Bremerhaven (1956–1982), the MTS training group A in Kiel was also dissolved in 2002.

See also 

 German Navy

References

External links
https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/marine/organisation/marineunteroffizierschule
https://www.crew-vii73.de/geschichte-mainmenu-36/mus-mainmenu-37

Military units and formations of the Imperial German Navy
Military units and formations of the German Navy
Military education and training in Germany
1996 establishments in Germany
Leopoldo B. Valdes. Leopoldo Benjamin Valdes was a pioneer in semiconductors. He was one of the first four recruits by William Shockley to help develop technologies at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory.

Career
During the winter of 1954–1955, William Shockley decided to seek a sponsor to help him establish production of complex transistors and his own Shockley diodes. He was initially supported by Raytheon, but the agreement was soon canceled by that company. After Shockley subsequently established Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory under the umbrella of Beckman Instruments, he recruited William W. Happ who he knew from Raytheon. Shockley's other three initial recruits were George Smoot Horsley and Valdes both of whom he knew from Bell Labs, and Richard Victor Jones, who was then a new Berkeley graduate.

Valdes, as the most experienced of the group, was tasked with setting up crystal growing equipment. He also brought lists of equipment suppliers from his prior employer, Pacific Semiconductors. Valdes, however, clashed with Shockley early on because, according to Jones, he felt he knew more than Shockley about semiconductors; he ultimately left the company after about a year. Jones also recalled that Valdes was under a great deal of pressure because he had moved his family west to join Shockley and took issue with the way Shockley was running the company. Jones also believed Shockley, who would soon become notorious for his paranoia and secrecy at the company, viewed the experienced Valdes as a competitor and suspected he would take Shockley's technologies to another company.

Valdes later worked for Rheem Manufacturing Company, and then Watkins-Johnson Company.

In 1961, Valdes published a 370-page book The Physical Theory of Transistors which is cited in university level textbooks.

References 

20th-century American physicists
Silicon Valley people
Scientists at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory
Scientists at Bell Labs
NPM Group. NPM Group (originally called Novosibirskprodmash) is a producer of equipment for fast foam-free dispensing of foamy beverages and milk vending machines. The company was founded in Novosibirsk in 1997.

History
The company was founded in Novosibirsk in 1997 and was originally called Novosibirskprodmash.

Brands

Pegas
Pegas is an apparatus for fast foam-free dispensing of foamy beverages (beer and others). It is installed in retail outlets. Its operation principle is based on the back pressure: the bottle is filled with a gas, then the beer squeezes it out of the container. Beer is fed into the bottle under pressure, and the back pressure in the bottle pushes and extinguishes the foam. This method had already been followed in industrial production, however, the company patented seven devices that operate on the basis of back pressure.

Counterfeiting devices
The company's devices were often tampered with by unscrupulous manufacturers from China. According to Sergei Buchik, he lost 15% of sales due to Chinese counterfeits in 2010.

MilkBox
MilkBoxes are milk vending machines disseminated in Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg (as of 2016).

Export
The company exports its products to Europe, CIS, China, North and South America.

Revenue
2010
 Revenue – 1.2 billion rubles.

2015
 Revenue – 615 million rubles;
 Net profit – 105.9 million rubles.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Novosibirsk
Russian companies established in 1997
Vending machine manufacturers
George Strahan (engineer). Colonel George Strahan (1839 – 7 January 1911) was a British army engineer who served in the survey of India and served as Superintendent of the Great Trigonometrical Survey from 1888 to 1894.

Strahan was born in Ashurst, Surrey to William Strahan. After studying at Eton he joined the Addiscombe college in 1857. At Addiscombe George showed abilities in mathematics and drawing. Among his brothers, William joined the army, Aubrey joined the Geological Survey in Britain, Henry became a mayor of Hythe and another brother Charles followed William into India in the Bengal Engineers. George went to India in 1860 to join the Bengal Sappers and Miners, Roorkee. He then served in surveying for the Ganges Canal and in 1862 he moved to the Survey of India. He worked in Central India initially followed by work in Rajasthan (Rajputana) in 1864 and then surveyed the Himalayas from 1866. From 1875 he worked with Mysore Survey. In 1881 he was moved to replace General W.M. Campbell in the geodetic surveys in the Nicobar Islands and in 1888 he became Superintendent of the Great Trigonometrical Survey. Strahan was involved in producing relief maps and because colour printing had not yet been introduced, he found photozincography unfit for his purpose. He retired in 1894 as Deputy Surveyor-General. He was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1869 and contributed notes on the comet of 1882, a meteor shower in 1885 and observed the eclipse of 22 January 1898 in Norway. Strahan designed sundials, one of which was placed in the Dehra Dun Survey Office. Strahan claimed that as a boy he had been influenced into landscape painting by a gift of John Ruskin's Modern Painters from his mother when he was just fifteen. He claimed that the book "taught me to see nature; all I know of nature and art I have learnt from it." He entered his paintings into the annual exhibitions in Shimla and won the Viceroy's prize three times. After retirement he lived for sometime in Dehra Dun but would travel to Kashmir in summer for climbs. He was also a violocellist and was a member of the Philharmonic Society of Mussoorie. He died at Hampstead.

References

External links 
 

1839 births
1911 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
Whitetail Clean Energy. The Whitetail Clean Energy is a proposed power station in Wilton, Redcar and Cleveland, England. The generating process of the plant is listed as a "clean energy source", using natural gas and oxygen in an Allam-Fetvedt Cycle to create power. The excess carbon dioxide () not used by the co-generation process is intended to be captured and stored under the North Sea, making the plant the first in the United Kingdom to utilise this type of technology, and also use carbon sequestration under the North Sea. The plant is also included in the Net Zero Teesside project. The power plant is proposed to start generating in 2025.

Proposal
The power station, which is a joint venture between 8 Rivers Capital and Sembcorp (UK), is expected to create 2,000 jobs in the building process, with a further 200 to run the plant on a day-to-day basis. The plant would combust pure oxygen with natural gas, using a high pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) stream (supercritical carbon dioxide), rather than steam to rotate a turbine, which would generate the electricity. The CO2 stream would then be fed through a heat exchanger and then cooled. Excess  of around 800,000 tons per year would be captured and stored under the North Sea.

Whilst the Allam-Fetvedt Cycle was not successfully tested until 2018, the UK government had been supporting a zero CO2 project on Teesside since 2012. The plant was described as being the United Kingdom's first "net zero" power station, and the first to use the carbon capture and storage technology. Whilst the power generation process does not emit any CO2, it does produce it in the closed loop system. The excess gas is intended to be stored but can also be utilised for other purposes. The power plant would be located within the Teesside Freeport Zone and subject to regulatory approval, the scheme could be up and running by 2025. 8 Rivers Capital stated that it had completed a pre-FEED (front end engineering design) study in early 2021, which was partly funded by the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy.

The UK government Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth, Anne-Marie Trevelyan, stated that the project was a "..real game-changer [and would] revitalise this key industrial heartland." The labour MP for Stockton North, Alex Cunningham, described the announcement as "great news", but wanted assurances that jobs at the plant would go to local people. The plant will also be part of the Net Zero Teesside project, which plans to be the first decarbonised industrial cluster in the world. This project aims to enable the heavy industry on Teesside somewhere to store the carbon produced during their processes, rather than emitting them into the atmosphere.

See also
Allam power cycle

References

External links
 Process diagram for Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
Net Zero Teesside

Power stations in North East England
Buildings and structures in North Yorkshire
Natural gas-fired power stations in England
Cogeneration power stations in England
Shit flow diagram. A shit flow diagram (also called excreta flow diagram or SFD) is a high level technical drawing used to display how excreta moves through a location, and functions as a tool to identify where improvements are needed. The diagram has a particular focus on treatment of the waste, and its final disposal or use. SFDs are most often used in developing countries.

Development 
In 2012–2013, the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program sponsored a study on the fecal sludge management of twelve cities with the goal of developing tools for better understanding the flow of excreta through the cities. As a result, Isabel Blackett, Peter Hawkins, and Christiaan Heymans authored The missing link in sanitation service delivery: a review of fecal sludge management in 12 cities. Using this as a basis, a group of excreta management institutions began collaborating in June 2014 to continue development of SFDs.

In November 2014, the SFD Promotion Initiative was started with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Initially funded as a one year project, it was extended in 2015. In September 2019, the focus of the program shifted to scaling up the current methods of producing SFDs to allow for citywide sanitation in South Asia and Africa. As of 2021 more than 240 shit flow diagram reports have been published. The initiative is managed as part of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance and is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. It is partnered with many nonprofit organizations such as the Centre for Science and Environment, Eawag, and the Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership.

Use in developing countries 
The great majority of those living in urban areas, especially the poor, use non-sewer sanitation systems. This poses environmental and health challenges for growing urban areas in developing countries, and many of these countries will need to change their sanitation strategies as their population grows. Using a shit flow diagram allows political leaders and members of the community to see at a glance the challenges facing their sanitation systems, and where improvements will be most effective. The simplified nature of the diagram allows for easier dialog about local excreta management. Over 140 cities in the developing world have had SFDs prepared and published, many by nonprofit organizations. They are then used to identify where resources should be focused.

References

Biological waste
Biodegradable waste management
Sanitation
Sewerage
Excretion
Human physiology
Diagrams
Tin(II) oxalate. Tin(II) oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of tin and oxalic acid with the chemical formula . The compound looks like colorless crystals, does not dissolve in water, and forms crystalline hydrates.

Synthesis
Effect of oxalic acid solution on tin(II) oxide :

Tin(II) oxalate can also be obtained by using tin(II) chloride and oxalic acid.

Properties
Tin (II) oxalate forms colorless crystals.

Insoluble in water and acetone. Soluble in dilute HCl, methanol, and petroleum ether.

Forms crystal hydrates of the composition SnCO•n HO, where n = 1 and 2.

Decomposes on heating:

Applications
Tin oxalate is used  as a catalyst in the production of organic esters and plasticizers.
It is used for dyeing and printing fabrics.
The compound is also used in stannous oral care compositions.
Few studies have reported on the use of tin(II) oxalate as an anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries.

References

Tin(II) compounds
Oxalates