omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DO-248. DO-248C, Supporting Information for DO-178C and DO-278A, published by RTCA, Incorporated, is a collection of Frequently Asked Questions and Discussion Papers addressing applications of DO-178C and DO-278A in the safety assurance of software for aircraft and software for CNS/ATM systems, respectively. Like DO-178C and DO-278A, it is a joint RTCA undertaking with EUROCAE and the document is also published as ED-94C, Supporting Information for ED-12C and ED-109A. The publication does not provide any guidance additional to DO-178C or DO-278A; rather, it only provides clarification for the guidance established in those standards. The present revision is also expanded to include the "Rationale for DO-178C/DO-278A" section to document items that were considered when developing DO-178B and then DO-178C, DO-278A, and DO-330, as well as the supplements that accompany those publications (DO-331, DO-332, DO-333). 

Corresponding with the releases of DO-178C and DO-278A, the present revision, DO-248C, is an update to the previous revision DO-248B, Report for Clarification of DO-178B "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification". While new FAQs and discussion papers have been added, most of the FAQs and discussion papers of DO-248C are carried over from DO-248B. Some of these items have been marked as deleted or updated as the subjects were addressed by the releases of DO-178C, DO-330, supplements, or other publications. An errata section is not included as the release of DO-178C addressed the errata of DO-178B and no DO-178C errata have been published.  

Initially, this publication was an annual clarification report, DO-248B (2001) was preceded by DO-248A (2000) and DO-248 (1999).

Outline of contents 
DO-248C contains the following:
Rationale for each process objective of DO-178C/DO-278A 
84 frequently asked questions (some noted as either deleted, removed or addressed by other publications)
21 discussion papers:
Verification Tool Selection Considerations 
The Relationship of DO-178B/ED-12B to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) and Joint Aviation Requirements (JARs)
The Differences Between DO-178A and DO-178B Guidance for Meeting the Objective of Structural Coverage
Service History Use—Rationale for DO-178C
Application of Potential Alternative Methods Compliance for Previously Developed Software (PDS)
Transition Criteria
Definition of Commonly Used Verification Terms
Structural Coverage and Safety Objectives
Certification With Known Software Problems
Considerations Addressed When Deciding to Use Previously Developed Software (PDS)
Qualification of a Tool Using Service History (Removed, see DO-330)
Object Code to Source Code Traceability Issues
Definitions of Statement Coverage, Decision Coverage, and Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC)
Partitioning Aspects in DO-178C/DO-278A
Relationship Between Regression Testing and Hardware Changes
Cache Management
Usage of Floating-Point Arithmetic
Service Experience Rationale for DO-278A
Independence in DO-178C/DO-278A
Parameter Data Items and Adaptation Data Items
Clarification on Single Event Upset (SEU) as It Relates to Software

References 

RTCA standards
Lutetia 4.C.02. The Lutetia 4.C.02 was a small V-4 two-stroke engine designed soon after World War II and intended to power light aircraft.

Design and development

Marcel Echard was an engine designer with a lifetime interest in two-strokes. His first such engine was built in 1911 and he began work on the 4.C.02 in 1949. By 1953 this engine had achieved its homologation and had been test-flown on a Jodel D.9. The Briffaud GB-6 is the only known application, a one-off aircraft with a short life, though not because of its engine.

Unusually for a two-stroke, the fuel/air mixture was compressed externally rather than in the crankcase.

Applications
Briffaud GB-6

Specifications

References

V4 engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
1940s aircraft piston engines
3P+S. The 3P+S Input/Output Module was an S-100 expansion card introduced to the microcomputer market by Processor Technology. It supplied three parallel ports and one serial port, the latter of which conformed to the RS-232C standard. One of the three parallel ports was dedicated to interfacing with the host computer over the S-100 bus, while the other two were available for general use.

An Altair 8800 equipped with a 3P+S could use one of the parallel ports to accept input from a keyboard and another to output to a TV Typewriter, allowing the user to construct an all-in-one machine that did not need an external computer terminal to work. This also left the serial port free, which could be used to drive a teletype machine as a computer printer, or a punch tape system for storage.

Processor Technology later combined the 3P+S with the VDM-1 graphics card in a compact S-100 machine of their own to produce the Sol-20, the first all-in-one mass-produced personal computer.

References

 
 

S-100 machines
Alexander Kompaneyets. Alexander Solomonovich Kompaneyets (Russian: Александр Соломонович Компанеец) was born on January 4, 1914, in Ekaterinoslav, Russian Empire (now Dnipro, Ukraine) and died on August 19, 1974, in Palanga, Lithuania. He was a prominent physicist, author of a number of textbooks, and collaborator on the Soviet atomic bomb project who lived mainly in Moscow.

Life 
Kompaneyets was a student of Lev Landau in Kharkiv in the 1930s, where he dealt with solid state physics (electrical conductivity in metals and semiconductors). In 1936 he received his doctorate (candidate title) and habilitated in 1939 (Russian doctorate). He was a professor at the Institute of Chemical Physics at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow (where he worked from 1946 until the end of his life) and is best known for his introductory textbook on theoretical physics. He also dealt with the physics of detonation, which he wrote about in a book with Yakov Zeldovich, and generally about gases at high temperatures.

In 1956, he published a work  on the movement of charged particles (electrons) in intense radiation fields (Fokker–Planck equation with inverse Compton scattering (Comptonization), Kompaneyets' equation), which had arisen from secret work in the Soviet atomic bomb project and became important in the 1960s in works by Zeldovich and Rashid Sunyaev on the coupling of radiation and matter in the early universe (see also Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect). In the nuclear weapons program, he worked among others, Zeldovich since the 1940s (at the Institute of Chemical Physics), even at the theoretical examination (from 1948) of the early proposals (1946) of Zeldovich, Isaak Gurevich, Isaac Jakovlevic Pomeranchuk and Yulii Khariton on the hydrogen bomb.  Kompaneyets dealt with many areas of theoretical physics, from chemical kinetics to biophysics.

Publications 
 Landau, Kompaneyets: The electrical conductivity of metals, 1935
 Kompaneyets: Theoretical Physics, Dover 1962
 Kompaneyets: Theoretical Physics, Geest and Portig Academic Publishing Company 1969
 Kompaneyets: What is Quantum Mechanics? , Academic Publishing Company, Leipzig 1967 and Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 1967
 Kompaneyets: Statistical Laws in Physics, Leipzig, Teubner 1972
 Zeldovich, Kompaneyets: Theory of Detonation, Moscow 1955, Academic Press 1960

References 

 КОМПАНЕЕЦ Александр Соломонович (Entry in the Российская еврейская энциклопедия, Russian, accessed January 9, 2020)

External links 
 Russian biography
 Theoretical Physics: Second Edition, at Barnes and Noble
 A.S. Kompaneyets at WorldCat

Russian physicists

1914 births
1974 deaths
Joanna McKittrick. Joanna McKittrick (1954 – November 15, 2019) was an American engineer and college professor, the second woman to join the engineering faculty at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).

Early life 
Joanna McKittrick was born in New Jersey, the daughter of John R. McKittrick and Estella Ruth Pederson McKittrick. Her father was a doctor and her mother was a teacher. She earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and a master's degree from Northwestern University. She completed doctoral studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the field of materials science and engineering.

Career 
McKittrick was a professor in the engineering program at the University of California, San Diego, from 1988. She was the second woman to join the program (chemical engineer Jan B. Talbot was the first). McKittrick's research focused luminescent materials for medical, automotive, and aviation applications, and biomaterials such as chitin, keratin, and collagen. She worked with fellow UCSD professor Marc A. Meyers on biomaterials. "Mother Nature gives us templates," she explained in 2013, of her work studying spiders, seahorses, boxfish, and porcupines. "We are trying to understand them better so we can implement them in new materials."

McKittrick was a fellow of the American Ceramic Society. She wrote or co-wrote over a hundred academic journal articles, and was an editor of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. McKittrick was a mentor for minority and women engineering students, including Lauren Rohwer and Olivia Graeve. She was faculty advisor of UCSD's student chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers.

Personal life 
McKittrick died in November 2019, aged 65 years, at her home in La Jolla, California. Her colleagues held a memorial at the 8th International Conference on Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues a month later.

References

External links 

 Website of the McKittrick Group, showing her UCSD laboratory's ongoing work on luminescent materials and biological materials.
 An interview with McKittrick at the blog Reigning It (January 19, 2016).

1954 births
2019 deaths
American materials scientists
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Northwestern University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
University of California, San Diego faculty
20th-century American women engineers
Women materials scientists and engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
Fellows of the American Ceramic Society
Diaminonaphthalene. Diaminonaphthalene describes several isomers containing naphthalene substituted with two amine groups (NH2), also called naphthalenediamines.  All isomers are white solids that tend to air-oxidize.  The 2,3-, 1,5-, and 1,8- derivatives have attracted most attention.

1,2-Diaminonaphthalene 938-25-0
1,3-Diaminonaphthalene 24824-28-0
1,4-Diaminonaphthalene 2243-61-0
1,5-Diaminonaphthalene 2243-62-1
1,7-Diaminonaphthalene 2243-64-3
1,8-Diaminonaphthalene 479-27-6
2,3-Diaminonaphthalene 771-97-1
2,6-Diaminonaphthalene 2243-67-6
2,7-Diaminonaphthalene 613-76-3

References
Fabric.js. Fabric.js is a Javascript HTML5 canvas library. It is a fully open-source project with many contributions over the years.  The library was originally developed in 2010 by Juriy Zaytsev, whom also led the project until 2016. Since 2016, the project is led by Andrea Bogazzi.

External links

References

JavaScript libraries
Web applications
Free and open-source software
Web development
Monastir Preparatory Engineering Institute. The Monastir Preparatory Engineering Institute () or IPEIM, is a Tunisian university establishment created according to the law N° 95–40 in 1992. Part of the University of Monastir

Departments  
The Monastir Preparatory Engineering Institute has three independent departments :
 Mathematics and Physics (MP)
 Physics and Chemistry (PC)
 Technology (PT)

See also

Preparatory Institute 
 Tunis Preparatory Engineering Institute
 Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Nabeul
 El Manar Preparatory Engineering Institute
 Sfax Preparatory Engineering Institute

Other 
 National Engineering School of Monastir
 University of Monastir
 Faculty of sciences of Monastir

References

External links 
 

Universities in Tunisia
1992 establishments in Tunisia
ESPRIT (School). The Private Higher School of Engineering and Technology (), or ESPRIT, is a private engineering university in Tunisia based in Ariana and accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (approval N°2003-03).

Since 2020, it has belonged to the Honoris United Universities group.

In 2021, Entreprises Magazine ranked ESPRIT as the best private engineering University in Tunisia.

Diplomas 
ESPRIT offers several specialties and courses:
 Preparatory cycle for engineering studies    
 Computer Science
 Telecommunications engineering     
 Civil engineering    
 Electromechanical engineering     
 Management science

References

External links 
 

Universities in Tunisia
2003 establishments in Tunisia
Universities and colleges established in 2003
Eloisa Biasotto Mano. Eloisa Biasotto Mano (October 24, 1924 – June 8, 2019) was a Brazilian chemist and full university professor. She was a specialist in polymers, and enjoyed worldwide recognition for her work. She was a recipient of the National Order of Scientific Merit.

Early life and education
Eloisa Biasotto Mano was born in Rio de Janeiro, October 24, 1924. She received degrees in industrial chemistry (1947), chemical engineering (1955), and a doctorate in organic chemistry (1960). She studied polymer science at the University of Illinois and at the University of Birmingham.

Career
In Brazil, she formed the first group of researchers in the area of polymers, which gave rise to the Institute of Macromolecules of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), later renamed in her honor. Mano taught organic chemistry at the Institute of Chemistry, UFRJ, where she was a full professor. She supervised many master's and doctoral theses. In her classes, Mano was always keen to demonstrate practically the properties of different materials and their characterizations. She received the National Order of Scientific Merit for her contribution to science. She was a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences since 1978. In 1994, she became Professor Emeritus.

Mano died in Rio de Janeiro, June 8, 2019.

Awards and honors
 2000, Grand Cross, National Order of Scientific Merit
 2000, City of Rio de Janeiro Award for Science and Technology
 2001, Simão Medal, Matias, Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ)
 2003, creation of the Profa Prize. Eloisa Bro, Brazilian Polymer Association

Selected works
 Praticas de quimica organica, 1969
 Modified Lignan Polymers from the Resin of Paraná Pine Tree Knots
 Introducao a polimeros, 1999
 Identificação de plásticos, borrachas e fibras, 2000
 Tensile behavior of irradiated recycled polyolefin plastics, 2000
 Química experimental de polímeros, 2004
 Meio ambiente, poluição e reciclagem, 2005
 O impacto do acordo NAS/CNPq na evolução da Química no Brasil: o setor de polímeros, 2007
 Natural Polymer Characterization, 2007
 Polímeros como materiais de engenharia, 2019

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Scientists from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian chemists
20th-century British educators
20th-century British women educators
Polymers
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academic staff of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Recipients of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Brazilian science writers
20th-century Brazilian women writers
21st-century Brazilian women writers
21st-century Brazilian writers
Brazilian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Burroughs B20. The B20 is a line of microcomputers from Burroughs Corporation. The systems, introduced in May 1982, consist of two models: the B21 and the B22. The B21 models are rebadged Convergent Technologies AWS workstations incorporating an Intel 8086 CPU. The B22 models are rebadged IWS workstations. They run the BTOS operating system, which is a version of Convergent's CTOS, as well as CP/M and MS-DOS.

Systems support up to 640 KB of RAM. The B22 included a mass storage unit with a capacity of up to 60 MB.

The Burroughs B25, a rebadged Convergent NGEN system with an Intel 80186 CPU, was introduced in 1983. The B26 was introduced in 1984, and a B28 system followed in 1985 based on the Intel 80286 CPU. 

There is also an 80186-based B27 which used an "F-bus" rather than the "X-bus" used on the B25/B26/B28. 

A cluster only (no storage) 80186-based B24 was later released and commonly used by bank tellers.

References

External links
 B20 brochure, 1982

Burroughs Corporation
16-bit computers
Products introduced in 1982
Bornholm Cable. The Bornholm Cable is a submarine power cable under the Baltic Sea, connecting the power grid of the Danish island of Bornholm to the Swedish power grid owned by E.on with a capacity of 60 MW. It is owned by Energinet, previously by Östkraft.

There is an agreement between Svenska kraftnät and Energinet about balancing the Bornholm grid.

Cable sections 
The cable sections are:

 Hasle substation to Bornholm coast:  1.4km underground, 400mm conductors at 60kV
 Undersea section: 43.5km, 240mm conductors at 60kV
 Swedish coast to cable terminal: 700m underground, 400mm conductors at 60kV
 Cable terminal to Borrby substation: 4.2km overhead line with 127mm conductors at 60kV
 Borrby substation to Tomelilla substation: 132kV line with two circuits

Outages 
The undersea section has been repeatedly damaged: in 2004,  in 2010 and in 2013. The damage in 2013 cost half a million Danish crowns per day, due to electricity price differences between Bornholm and southern Sweden and the costs of two ships waiting for calm weather to repair the cable. 

Reserve generating capacity for when the cable is out of service is provided by coal power plants on Bornholm and by diesel generators to cover the start-up time of the coal plants. There is also a project using energy stored in electric vehicles as a backup supply for a period of hours.

In 2018 the cable was buried deeper in the seabed to prevent damage, but suffered failure due to a dragging ship anchor in early 2022.

See also 

 Electric power infrastructure on Bornholm
 List of high-voltage transmission links in Denmark

References 

Electric power infrastructure in Denmark

Bornholm
Electric power infrastructure in Sweden
Submarine power cables
Connections across the Baltic Sea
Denmark–Sweden relations
Dibenzylaniline. Dibenzylaniline or N,N-Dibenzylaniline is a chemical compound consisting of aniline with two benzyl groups as substituents on the nitrogen.

The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. The space group is P21/n. The unit cell dimensions are a=11.751 Å b=9.060 Å c=29.522 Å, and β=94.589°. Each unit cell contains two molecules. In the solid van der Waals forces hold it together. The substance can also crystallize in alternate monoclinic form.

Production
One method to produce dibenzylaniline is using a mixture of dibutyl tin dichloride and dibutyl stannane with N-benzilideneaniline along with hexamethylphosphoric triamide dissolved in tetrahydrofuran which yields a tin amide compound. This then reacts with benzyl bromide to yield dibenzylaniline.

Another method uses aniline and benzyl bromide.

Use
It used to make dyes.

A nitroso derivative (made using nitrite and hydroxylamine) can be used in a colourimetric test for palladium.

References

Anilines
Abeer Seikaly. Abeer Seikaly is a Palestinian architect who designed a multi-use, disaster shelter for refugees. She lives in Amman Jordan. Seikaly is an architect and designer who has worked for Villa Moda in Kuwait in 2005. She directed the first contemporary art fair in Jordan in 2010.

Her style of work
Seikaly's ‘Weaving a Home’ uses fabric composed of high-strength plastic tubing molded into sine-waves that expand and enclose based on weather conditions; it is easily broken down to allow for mobility and transport. The tent also collects rainwater to be used for basic sanitation like showering, and absorb solar energy that is stored as electric energy in batteries.

Career
She is a member of RISE- Jordan's Women's Everest Expedition, that climbed Mount Everest in 2018.

Her works have been featured internationally, including at the MoMA in New York, the MAK in Vienna, and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam.

Awards and honours
In 2013 she was awarded the Lexus Design Award.

See also
 Kamel Mahadin
 Ali Maher (artist/architect)

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian architects
Jordanian architects
Evgeny E. Nikitin. Evgeny E. Nikitin (, ; born 9 May 1933 in Saratov, Russia) is a Russian theoretical chemist and emeritus professor at the Technion in Haifa, Israel.

Education 
Nikitin studied physics at Saratov State University from 1950 to 1955. Later he moved to the Institute for Chemical Physics at The Academy of Sciences of the USSR  Moscow where he earned his doctorate in 1965. From 1965 to 1991 he was Professor at the Institute for Chemical Physics and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. In 1992 he went to the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, where he became Emeritus professor in 2002. Since 2002 he has been guest professor at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen.

His field of work is the theoretical description of Elementary reactions with quantum theoretical methods, especially by using different quantum mechanical approximations. He is particularly well known for his investigations of non-adiabatic electronic effects in dynamic and kinetic chemical reactions, in other words, effects that cannot be described in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Nikitin has published more than 300 scientific works in journals as well as several specialist books, some of which have only been published in Russian.

He has received many awards and honors. In 1977 he became a member of the Leopoldina. Since 2012 he has been a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In 1987 he became a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.

Works (selection)

External links 
 
 E. E. Nikitin at the Technion Faculty of Chemistry
 E. E. Niktin  at the Max Planck Institute for biophysical chemistry

References 

1933 births
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
20th-century Russian chemists
Theoretical chemists
Living people
Noah Levenson. Noah Levenson (born 1981) is an American computer programmer and the creator of Stealing Ur Feelings, an interactive project that won Mozilla's $50,000 prize for art and advocacy exploring artificial intelligence. Stealing Ur Feelings won the 2020 Webby Award in the category of Immersive And Mixed Reality.

Career 
In 2017, Levenson created Weird Box, an interactive project about social media privacy that was featured in Fast Company and SFist.

In 2018, he created Stealing Ur Feelings, a web-based augmented reality experience that was awarded Mozilla's $50,000 prize for art and advocacy exploring artificial intelligence. The project explores the dangers of facial emotion recognition AI in consumer applications. It was executive produced by Brett Gaylor, director of Do Not Track.

Stealing Ur Feelings premiered at the 2019 Tribeca Film Festival and was an official selection of the Camden International Film Festival and Montreal International Documentary Festival.

Levenson's work has been the subject of articles in Scientific American, Engadget, and El Pais. He has been interviewed about artificial intelligence and corporate practices for Report on Rai3 and CBC Radio One.

He has written about the internet and meme culture for the NY Daily News.

References 

1981 births
Living people
American computer programmers