omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aluminium gallium antimonide. Aluminium gallium antimonide, also known as gallium aluminium antimonide or AlGaSb (AlxGa1-xSb), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. It can be considered as an alloy between aluminium antimonide and gallium antimonide. The alloy can contain any ratio between aluminium and gallium. AlGaSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.

Preparation 
AlGaSb films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy, chemical beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy on gallium arsenide and gallium antimonide substrates. The result is a layered heterostructure on various III-V compounds.

Electronic properties 

The bandgap and lattice constant of AlGaSb alloys are between those of pure AlSb (a = 0.614 nm, Eg = 1.62 eV) and GaSb (a = 0.610 nm, Eg = 0.73 eV). At an intermediate composition, the bandgap transitions from an indirect gap, like that of pure AlSb, to a direct gap, like that of pure GaSb. Different values of the composition at which this transition occurs have been reported over time, both from computational and experimental studies, with reported values ranging from x = 0.23 to x = 0.43. The spread in the reported values of the transition is mainly due to the closeness of the gap sizes at the Γ and L points in the Brillouin zone and variations in the experimentally-determined gap sizes.

Applications 
AlGaSb has been incorporated into devices such as heterojunction bipolar and high-electron-mobility transistors, resonant-tunneling diodes, solar cells,  short-wave infrared lasers, and a novel infrared light modulator. It is sometimes selected as an interlayer or buffer layer in studies of GaSb and InAs quantum wells.

Al-rich AlGaSb is sometimes selected over AlSb in heterostructures for being more chemically stable and resistant to oxidation than pure AlSb.

References 

Antimonides
Aluminium compounds
Gallium compounds
III-V compounds
Oleg Shishkin (politician). Oleg Shishkin (born June 26, 1934, in Sudogda, Ivanovo Industrial Region, now Vladimir Oblast) was a politician who served as Minister of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.

Biography 
 1952–1957: Student at the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.
 1957–1960: Junior Researcher at the Central Scientific Research Institute No. 22 of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.
 1960–1962: Senior Engineer at NII-88 in Kaliningrad, Moscow Oblast.
 1962–1963: First Secretary of the Komsomol (VLKSM) in Kaliningrad, head of the industrial and transport department of the Komsomol in the Moscow Oblast.
 1963–1965: Deputy Head of the NII-88 department.
 1965–1966: Secretary of the Komsomol in Kaliningrad.
 1966–1977: Director of the Institute of Measurement Technology of the Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.
 1977: Director and Chief Designer of the NII of Precision Instruments of the Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.
 1977–1981: General Director and Chief Designer of the Scientific-Production Association of Precision Instruments of the Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.
 From 1981 in the apparatus of the Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR: Deputy Minister, and from 1987, First Deputy Minister.
 1989–1991: Minister of General Mechanical Engineering of the USSR.
 1991–1994: President of Rosobshchemash.

He retired in 1994.

Awards and decorations 
 Hero of Socialist Labor (1982)
 Orders of Lenin x 2 (1975, 1982)
 Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1966)
 Lenin Prize (1986)
 State Prize of the Russian Federation named after Yuri Gagarin in the field of space activities (2011) - for the development of the rocket and space industry, organization of space activities and the use of its results in the interests of science, ensuring socio-economic development and defense capability of the country.

Sources 
"State Power of the USSR. Supreme Authorities and Their Leaders. 1923–1991: Historical and Biographical Directory" / Compiled by V. I. Ivkin. – Moscow, 1999. – ISBN 5-8243-0014-3.

References 

1934 births
Possibly living people
Russian politicians
SMS Aurora. SMS Aurora was a screw corvette of the Austro-Hungarian Navy built in the early 1870s; she was the lead ship of the .

Design

Aurora was an , sometimes referred to as sloops, of the Austro-Hungarian Navy. She was  long overall and  long between perpendiculars. She had a beam of  and a draft of . The ship had a displacement of . Her crew numbered 210 officers and enlisted sailors.

The ship was powered by a single triple-expansion steam engine that drove a screw propeller. The number and type of boilers is not known, but smoke from the boilers was vented through a single funnel located amidships, between the fore- and main mast. The propulsion system was capable of generating , for a top speed of . On her initial sea trials, Aurora reached a top speed of  from . The ship was fitted with a three-masted sailing rig to supplement the steam engine on long voyages.

Aurora was armed with a main battery of four  Wahrendorf breechloading guns. She also carried a pair of  guns and two  machine guns. By 1891, the ship's armament had been revised significantly. Two of the 15 cm guns, one of the 7 cm guns, and both of the 25 mm machine guns were removed, and a new light battery of four  guns and two  Hotchkiss revolving cannon were installed.

Service history

The keel for Aurora was laid down at the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino on 11 November 1871, and she was launched on 20 November 1873, the last member of her class to be launched. The ship was completed on 1 July 1874.

Aurora went on a cruise to South America in 1884, visiting many ports in the region before returning to Pola in 1885. During the cruise, she made stops in Brazil and the Canary Islands, along with Argentina and Uruguay. The following year, she began a lengthy voyage to East Asia, which lasted into 1889. One of her chief responsibilities during the cruise was to determine whether Austro-Hungarian merchant vessels should extend their routes to ports beyond Hong Kong. Auroras mission helped the shipping companies decide to extend their routes to Japan in 1891. Aurora and the gunboat  conducted extensive surveys and scientific research in the region during this period, building on the knowledge gained during the Novara Expedition.

After a brief return home in 1899, Aurora immediately went on another cruise abroad, this time through the Suez Canal to East Africa and the Indian Ocean. During the voyage, which lasted into 1890, the ship was commanded by Captain Rudolf Montecuccoli. The ship embarked on a lengthy deployment to East Asia in 1895; at that time, Austria-Hungary adopted a policy to station at least two warships in the region at all times. Aurora joined the corvette  there, and returned home in 1896.

In 1902, Aurora was reduced to a storage hulk, later being used to store naval mines in Sebenico. After Austria-Hungary's defeat in World War I in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian fleet was divided between the victorious Allied powers, and Aurora was allocated to the Royal Yugoslav Navy in 1920. She was renamed Skradin while in Yugoslav service. Her ultimate fate is unknown.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Aurora-class corvettes
Ships built in Trieste
1873 ships
NATRAX. NATRAX (National Automotive Test Track), Pithampur, Dhar District, Madhya Pradesh, is Asia's longest and one of the high-speed state-of-the-art tracks in India for automotive testing and certification. It is the fifth largest track in the world.

Background 
The 11.3-km high-speed track is built under NATRiP (National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project), a project of the Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India, has an area of approximately 3000 acres and the track is developed in an area of about 1000 acres at a cost or Rs.1321 crores. The Automotive Mission Plan (2016–26) is a vision document by Government of India that was planned for the development of the industry in pursuit of economic growth and the track was part of it. It is located near the industrial township of Pithampur, in Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. It is 50 km from the Indore, and is on the NH-52 by-pass road which connects Indore to Mumbai.

An auto show was held at NATRAX in May 2022. About 80 super cars and 60 super bikes from Indore, Bhopal and Delhi took part in different races at the show. The three-day show attracted about 1200 visitors, including students.

Track 
It has two semi-circular curves that can test vehicles at a maximum neutral speed of 250 km per hour. The track can offer maximum speeds of 375 kmph on the curves with steering control. A lot of different tests, including measurement of maximum speed, acceleration, coast down, brake fade, constant speed fuel consumption, emission tests through real-road driving simulation, can be conducted at this track. It is also a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for vehicle dynamics.

The Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Prakash Javadekar inaugurated the track on 29 June 2021. Dr. N. Karuppaiah is the centre head for the track. The track is also suitable for motorsports events but is yet to be homologated by the motorsports federations FIA or FIM. It is yet to get NABL accreditation to be able to issue homologation certificates to OEMs.

Facilities 
Test tracks: High-speed track - The high-speed 11.3-km four-lane track is used to develop and homologate all kinds of vehicles. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) can conduct all kinds of tests at one place.

Dynamic platform: The vehicle dynamic platform is the 300-metre steering pad and is connected to 1500-metre long-vehicle dynamic test area.

Multi-friction braking track: With a mu range from 0.15 to 0.9, the Braking Track can conduct braking tests on various surfaces like basalt, ceramic, high-friction asphalt and polish concrete for homologation.

NATRAX also has a gradient track, fatigue track, gravel and off-road track, handling track, comfort track, sustainability track and other facilities like noise track and wet-skid pad.

References

External links 
 NATRAX

Road transport
Vehicle technology
Road test tracks
Vehicle industry
Automotive industry
Research and development in India
Automotive industry in India
Aurora-class corvette. The Aurora class was a group of screw corvettes built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the early 1870s. The class comprised three ships: , , and .

Design

Like other major navies in the 1850s, the Austrian Navy began building a series of screw frigates and corvettes (and converting existing vessels to steam power), but unlike their foreign contemporaries, the Austrian Empire neither had or sought an overseas colonial empire. Instead, the cruising vessels of the fleet were intended to be primarily used as training ships. The Aurora class, which the historians Erwin Sieche and Ferdinand Bilzer refer to as sloops, were part of this series.

The ships of the Aurora class were  long overall and  long between perpendiculars. They had a beam of  and a draft of . The ships had a displacement of . They had a flush deck and very minimal superstructure. Steering was controlled by a single rudder at the stern. Their crew numbered 210 officers and enlisted sailors.

The ships were powered by a single 2-cylinder, horizontal triple-expansion steam engine that drove a screw propeller. The number and type of boilers is not known, but smoke from the boilers was vented through a single funnel located amidships, between the fore- and main mast. The propulsion system was capable of generating , for a top speed of . On her initial sea trials, Aurora reached a top speed of  from ; trials data for the other two ships has not survived. The ships were fitted with a three-masted barque sailing rig to supplement the steam engine on long voyages.

Aurora, Frundsberg, and Zrinyi were armed with a main battery of four  Wahrendorf breechloading guns. The guns were mounted individually in sponsons in the sides of the hull. Two guns were placed just aft of the mainmast and the other pair were placed at the stern. The ships also carried a pair of  guns and two  machine guns. By 1891, the ships' armament had been revised significantly. Two of the 15 cm guns, one of the 7 cm guns, and both of the 25 mm machine guns were removed, and a new light battery of four  guns and two  Hotchkiss revolving cannon were installed.

Ships

Service history

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

Aurora-class corvettes
Abílio De Jesus. Abílio De Jesus (born 25 April 1973) is a Portuguese researcher, professor and engineer in the field of the fatigue, fracture and integrity of materials and structural components.

Biography
Abílio De Jesus is graduated in mechanical engineering at the University of Porto, Portugal (1996). In 1999, he obtained the Master Science in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Porto (Portugal). In 2004, he completed his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal). Abílio De Jesus joined at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal) in Vila Real in 1997. In 2014 he became a professor and continued to teach and research at the University of Porto, Portugal.

Since 2017, he is a scientific secretary of the technical committees ESIS TC12 on Risk Analysis and Safety of Large Structures and Components of European Structural Integrity Society.

His scientific work in the area of fatigue and structural integrity was distinguished by the Wrocław University of Science and Technology (Poland).

He is Editor-in-chief or Editor and member of the editorial board of several scientific journals and book series, such as:

- Editor-in-Chief of the Structural Integrity book series 

- Editor-in-Chief of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport

- Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 

- Member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Structural Integrity

References

Living people
1973 births
Portuguese engineers
University of Porto alumni
21st-century Portuguese scientists
Academic staff of the University of Porto
University of Porto
Portuguese academics
HeHe (artists). HeHe is an artist duo made up of Helen Evans and Heiko Hansen.

Beginnings 
Helen Evans, born in 1972, is British and French. She studied scenography at Wimbledon School of Art and computer-related design at the Royal College of Art in London.

Heiko Hansen, born in 1970, is German. He studied mechanical engineering at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences and industrial design at the Hamburg School of Fine Arts. He has a master's degree in Digital Design from the Royal College of Art.

They live and work in Le Havre. They teach at the École supérieure d'art et design Le Havre-Rouen, where they coordinate the Art/Media/Environment program.

Work 
They use installation art, sculpture, performance and design in their work, which is critical of the mythologies of Anthropocene and modern industrial, social and ecological issues. One of their most important works is Nuage vert/Pollstream, an installation that makes polluting fumes released by factories at night visible using heat detection and a laser device. This installation, presented in Helsinki, won the 2008 Golden Nica prize ("Hybrid arts") at the Ars Electronica festival and the 2008 Environmental Art Fund in Finland.

HeHe has produced monumental works for numerous institutions: Ondernemersfonds Utrecht, Triennale de Bruges, Casino Forum d'art contemporain (Luxembourg), Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, Nuit Blanche à Paris, Le Voyage à Nantes, FACT Liverpool, Centre Georges Pompidou Paris, Un été au Havre, etc.

Bibliography 

 (en, fr) Jens Hauser, Noortje Marres, Gunnar Schmidt, Malcom Miles, Jean-Marc Chomaz, Helen Evans, Heiko Hansen,  Man Made Clouds, HYX editions 2016 
 (en) Jean-Paul Fourmentraux, « Critical Design: Art and Politics of Public Spaces HeHe (Helen Evans and Heiko Hansen) Interviewed by Jean-Paul Fourmentraux », dans Samuel Bianchini, Erik Verhagen, Practicable : From Participation to Interaction in Contemporary Art, MIT Press, November 2016 .

References

External links 
 

Art duos
Environmental artists
Brent Viaduct. The Brent Viaduct is a railway bridge carrying the West Coast Main Line over the valley of the River Brent just south of Stonebridge Park station in north-west London, England. Originally built in 1838 for the London and Birmingham Railway, it is now a Grade II listed building.

Design
The viaduct is one of the first major civil engineering works on the West Coast Main Line after leaving Euston station, its London terminus. The River Brent is in a wide, shallow valley though has since been culverted. The viaduct is entirely in brick. It has one main, semi-elliptical arch in the centre, supported by decorated buttresses. This arch crosses the road and is flanked by three narrower supporting arches on each side which span footpaths.

History
The viaduct was built by Robert Stephenson, who was chief engineer of the London and Birmingham Railway (LBR), the world's first long-distance trunk railway. It is still in use today and now carries the West Coast Main Line. It crosses North Circular Road, though the route of the North Circular (the A406) now bypasses the road to the south and is spanned by a more modern bridge. The Brent Viaduct has been widened several times on its east side, though in a sympathetic style, to accommodate more tracks but the west side is largely unaltered.

The viaduct was described by John Cooke Bourne in his account of the building of the LBR. It has been a Grade II listed building since 1981. Listed status provides legal protection from unauthorised demolition or modification.

References

Bibliography

Footnotes

Bridges completed in 1838
London and Birmingham Railway
Grade II listed bridges in London
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Brent
Railway viaducts in London
Karin Strauss. Karin Strauss is a Brazilian-American computer engineer, a senior principal research manager at Microsoft Research, and an affiliate professor in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington. Her research concerns computer architecture, green computing, and unconventional computing including DNA digital data storage.

Education and career
When Strauss and Luis Ceze were undergraduates together at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, they visited several research institutions in the US, and were jointly recruited to internships at IBM Research by José E. Moreira. Strauss earned bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering at the University of São Paulo in 2001 and 2002, and, with Ceze, took Moreira's offer, eventually staying at IBM for 13 months instead of the planned three months. Following this, they became doctoral students at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Strauss completed her Ph.D. in 2007. Her dissertation, Cache Coherence in Embedded-Ring Multiprocessors, was supervised by Josep Torrellas; she also credits Xiaowei Shen as being "practically my co-advisor".

Following the completion of their doctorates, Ceze joined the University of Washington in 2007, while Strauss worked at AMD for two years before joining Microsoft Research in 2009, solving their two-body problem as both the University of Washington and Microsoft Research are located in Seattle. Together they co-direct the Molecular Information Systems Laboratory, a joint research project of Microsoft Research and the University of Washington.

Recognition
Strauss and Ceze were the joint recipients of the 2020 Maurice Wilkes Award, for their work on DNA storage, the first time the award was given jointly. Strauss was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, "for contributions to storage systems".

References

External links
Molecular Information Systems Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brazilian electrical engineers
21st-century Brazilian women scientists
American electrical engineers
American women electrical engineers
Computer engineers
University of São Paulo alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Brazilian women computer scientists
Maurice Wilkes Award winners
Fluidesign. Fluidesign is a rowing racing shell manufacturer headquartered in London, Ontario.

History 

Fluidesign was established in 1999 by Gordy Henry, a former Hudson Boatworks salesman.  Henry left Hudson Boatworks in 1998 and soon after was approached by Diamond Aircraft for a collaborative project. 

This project utilized expertise from the aviation industry, particularly in aerodynamics and the application of carbon fiber, to innovate in the design of rowing shells.
The initial Fluidesign models featured distinctive wing-like outriggers, a design choice influenced by the aerodynamic principles used in Diamond aircraft.

In January 2000, Henry began selling Fluidesign racing shells and subsequently gained full control of the company by purchasing his business partner's shares.

In 2016, the company relocated to its current premises on Elias Street in London, Ontario, from its previous location at 175 Exeter Road, London, Ontario.

Rowing shell design 

Fluidesign's rowing shells are recognized for their colored carbon fiber construction, a choice made to eliminate the need for paint and thereby reduce the overall weight of the boats. Fluidesign's range of boats includes singles, doubles and pairs, and coxed and coxless quads.

References

Canadian boat builders
Rowing equipment manufacturers
Companies established in 1999
Canadian brands
David J. Lohse. David John Lohse is a retired ExxonMobil materials scientist known for contributions on thermodynamics of mixing, nanocomposites for controlling permeability, neutron scattering of polymers, rheology of polymers.

Education 

Lohse earned two B.S. degrees from Michigan State University in 1974: one in Physics and another in Computer Science.  He then went on to earn a Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Illinois in 1978. Following his graduate studies, he worked as a postdoc for two years at the National Bureau of Standards under an NSF-NRC Fellowship.

Career 

Lohse joined Exxon Mobil Corporation in 1980, starting in the Long Range Polymer Research Group.  In 1987, he joined the Corporate Strategic Research Labs of ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co where he worked with Edward Kresge and Sudhin Datta. He retired in 2011.

Lohse's research focused on the thermodynamics of mixing polymer blends, neutron scattering from
polymers, the use of block and graft copolymers to enhance blend compatibility, the control of rheology
by molecular architecture, nanocomposites, and improvement of polymer products. With Sudhin Datta, he published the textbook Polymeric Compatibilizers. His most cited works concern the connection between polymer molecular weight, density, chain dimensions and melt viscoelastic properties, and packing length in linear polymer melts.

Awards

 2000 Fellow of the American Physical Society
 2005 PMSE Fellow 
 2010 ACS Fellow
 2017 - Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award from Rubber Division of the ACS

References 

Polymer scientists and engineers
ExxonMobil people
Fellows of the American Physical Society