omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Teichfuss Astore. The Teichfuss Astore () was an Italian Intermediate single-seat trainer glider designed by Luigi Teichfuss and flown in 1936. Two were built.

Design and development

The 1936 Astore was very similar to the RRG Falke designed by Alexander Lippisch in 1930.  Like the Falke it was intended as a secondary or intermediate trainer, its swept wing bringing intrinsic stability and safety for the inexperienced pilot.  The Astore was a little larger than the Falke, 11% in span and 19% in length.

The Astore was a braced high-wing monoplane, its constant chord wing swept at about 10°. The wing was a single spar structure with plywood covering from the spar forward around the leading edge forming a torsion-resistant D-box.  Aft of the spar the wing was fabric covered.  Ailerons were hinged at right angles to the fuselage and were lobate, with curved edges that blended into rounded wing tips. The wing, which was mounted with dihedral, was supported over the fuselage by a pair of inverted V-struts from the upper longerons and a small pillar behind the cockpit.  A longer faired bracing V-strut joined the lower longeron to the wing at about one third span on each side.

The fuselage was a ply covered wooden hexagonal structure with deep sides and an open cockpit under the wing.  A straight tapered tailplane was positioned forward of a small fin, carrying elevators which had a cut-out between them for operation of the straight tapered balanced rudder. The rudder extended to the keel, protected by a small tail bumper under the fin.  The undercarriage was a standard, long skid equipped with rubber shock absorbers; wheels on a short axle attached to the lower fuselage provided an alternative, narrow track, undercarriage.

The Astore first flew in 1936.  Two were built and used by the Pavullo nel Frignano flying school.

Specifications

See also

References

External links
Göttingen 535 airfoil

Astore
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1936
High-wing aircraft
Hiärneite. Hiärneite is an oxide mineral named after the Swedish geologist Urban Hiärne (1641–1727). The mineral can be found in rocks that mainly consists of fine grained phlogopite. Hiärneite is the first known mineral that contains both of the chemical elements antimony and zirconium. The mineral was described in 1997 for its occurrence in a skarn environment in Långban iron–manganese deposit of the Filipstad district, Värmland, Sweden.

Sources

Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 142
Oxide minerals
Honeywell Primus. Honeywell Primus is a range of Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) glass cockpits manufactured by Honeywell Aerospace.
Each system is composed of multiple display units used as primary flight display and multi-function display.

Primus 1000
Primus 1000 is used on:
 Cessna Citation II
 Cessna Citation V
 Cessna Citation Excel
 Embraer ERJ 145 Family
 Embraer Legacy 600
 Learjet 45

Primus 2000/2000XP
Primus 2000 and Primus 2000XP are used on:
 Bombardier Global Express (2000XP)
 Cessna Citation X
 Dornier 328
 Falcon 900

Primus Elite
Primus Elite is an upgrade to older SPZ-8000 series and Primus 1000 and 2000/2000XP flight decks. The upgrade includes replacing the cathode ray tube (CRT) display with new lightweight liquid-crystal displays (LCD). The Primus Elite displays also include enhanced capability of SVS (Synthetic vision system), Jeppesen Charts, Enhanced with XM weather, airports, Navaids, TAF, METARs, Geopolitical boundary, Airways, Airspace information, NOTAMs and many more features. The multi-function display will have cursor control device (CCD) to select the various above listed options.

Primus Apex
Primus Apex is based on the Primus Epic and is designed for single-pilot turboprop aircraft and very light jets.

It is installed in:
 Pilatus PC-12 NG
 Viking Air DHC-6 Twin Otter Series 400

Primus Epic/Epic 2
Primus Epic and Primus Epic 2 are designed for two-crew business or regional jets.

They are used on:
Airbus A300-600F (Epic, retrofit) 
Cessna Citation Sovereign
 Dassault Falcon 7X
 Embraer E-Jet family
 Embraer E-Jet E2 family (Epic 2)
 Gulfstream G350/G450
 Gulfstream G500/G550
 Gulfstream G650/G650ER
 Hawker 4000
 Pilatus PC-24 (Epic 2)
While primarily designed for jet aircraft, the Epic cockpit is also used on the AgustaWestland AW139 medium helicopter, which is certified for single-pilot IFR operations.

Dassault's Enhanced Avionics System (EASy) was jointly developed with Honeywell and is based on the Primus Epic.

Gulfstream Aerospace's PlaneView cockpit is also based on the Primus Epic.

Competition
Primus Apex flight deck competes with Garmin G1000 and G3000 and Avidyne Entegra while Primus Epic competes with Rockwell Collins Pro Line and Garmin G3000 and G5000 on larger aircraft.

References

External links 
 Honeywell Primus Flight Decks 
 Primus Epic

Aircraft instruments
Avionics
Glass cockpit
Advent Video Beam Television. The Advent VideoBeam is a big-screen television that was invented in the 1970s by Advent Corporation, founded by Henry Kloss. Both picture and sound are projected from the television's projector base towards a curved screen, where they are reflected back towards the viewer. It is a plug-and-play system, which means it has few adjustments, to make it easier to install.
In 1978, its advertised sale price was $3,000.

Characteristics
 7-foot screen (51.5" x 68.5") 
 180 watts power consumption 
 Focal distance fixed at 100" 
 Projection technology: Cathode ray tube with rear-facing 3" phosphor screen and collimating mirror
 Good quality projection
 Clear, well-defined, and bright
 Easy to install

References

Television technology
PAIC Império SP1. The PAIC Império SP1 is an experimental unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed and manufactured by the Portuguese Aerospace Industry Consortium (PAIC) and Lockheed Martin Mission Systems and Sensors to support civilian protection agencies in the wildfire detection and maritime patrol roles.

Império SP1 was developed under the PAIC Império UAS program, which was established in July 2008 as result of the offset compensation that was part of the contract for the modernization of the Portuguese Air Force's P-3C Orion aircraft. As such, development started in April 2009 and was funded by the Portuguese government and Lockheed Martin. The program had a duration of four years and was completed in December 2012.

The development was led by the Portuguese Aerospace Industry Association (PEMAS) and is managed by X Aerosystems. In addition to these two companies, the research and development consortium includes Active Space Technologies, CeNTI, Critical Software, EDISOFT, EMPORDEF, Iberomoldes, INEGI, PIEP, Skysoft, and Tekever.

On January 24, 2014, an Império aircraft (SP1-01) executed a demonstration flight as part of a presentation about the program at the Military and Technical Training Center of the Portuguese Air Force  (CFMTFA), Ota.

Design 
Império SP1 is of a high-wing, constant chord pusher configuration with a twin-tail boom empennage and of carbon and glass fiber and cork composite construction. It has a wing span of 5 meters, is equipped with a 3W engine of 157cc and 17 horsepower, and has as a 20 kg sensor payload capacity.

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography 

 

Twin-boom aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Unmanned experimental aircraft
Balharshah railway station. Balharshah railway station (station code: BPQ) is a railway station serving Ballarpur town, in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in India. Established by the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway, it is now under the Nagpur CR railway division of Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. It is an important junction on New Delhi–Chennai main line of Indian Railways. It is located at 185 m above sea level and has 5 platforms. The Ballarshah–Wardha–Nagpur section was electrified in 1989.

History
With the completion of the –Balharshah link in 1929, Chennai was directly linked to Delhi.

The –Nagbhir– line was opened for traffic in 1908. The Nagbhir–Rajoli line was opened in 1913 and extended up to Chanda Fort. Work for conversion to  broad gauge of the  narrow-gauge Gondia–Chanda Fort line started in December 1992. The fourth phase covering Nagbhir–Chanda Fort section was opened on 13 January 1999 and the Chanda Fort–Balharshah section was opened from 2 July 1999.

The Ramagundam–Balharshah–Wardha–Nagpur sector was electrified in 1988–89. The Gondia–Nagbhir–Balharshah line was electrified in 2018.

Amenities
The railway station has computerized reservation counters, STD/PCO booth, retiring room, waiting room, vegetarian and non-vegetarian refreshments and book stall.

External links
Trains at Balharshah

References

Railway stations in India opened in 1904
Nagpur CR railway division
Railway stations in Chandrapur district
Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway
Amana Contracting and Steel Buildings. Amana Contracting and Steel Buildings is a UAE based industrial and commercial design-build construction company.  It specializes in fast-track, turnkey construction of commercial, industrial and institutional low-rise facilities.

Offices 

Founded in Abu Dhabi in 1993, Amana Contracting and Steel Buildings now runs its operations through various offices in the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Projects 

Over the years, Amana Contracting and Steel Buildings has undertaken various projects across numerous industries. Some of these construction projects include:
 QICC cable factory in Doha
 Lulu Hypermarket in Dibba
 Oryx Metal industries in Oman
 Cooling plant for Dubai Metro
 TAKREER research center in Abu Dhabi
 Cast house and offices for EMAL
 Solar field assembly for Shams solar power station
 Emirates SkyCargo Terminal
 Phase 1 of the Dubai Design District (D3)
 IKEA Distribution Center - Dubai
 Nestle Dubai Manufacturing
 Inbound Warehouse for Almarai in Al Kharj
 Fruit Cold Store for Del Monte Foods in Khorma
 Warehouse and Offices for RSA Logistics in Dubai Logistics City
 US$160m Food Plant for BRF S.A. in Abu Dhabi
 Presidential Flights Hangar 2 at Abu Dhabi International Airport
 ADNOC Accommodations in Ruwais by DuBox
 RSA Cold Chain Facility in Dubai South
 Light Industrial Units for Jebel Ali Free Zone Authority

Awards 

In 2009, Amana Contracting and Steel Buildings was awarded the Dubai Quality Appreciation Program certificate for the construction field.
In 2014, the company was awarded the CSR Label by The Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

References 

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Arab Emirates
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1993
Emirati companies established in 1993
Technion Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. The Technion Faculty of Aerospace Engineering is a division of the Technion that conduct research and teaches a wide range of aerospace disciplines. The faculty was founded in 1954.

History
The early 1950s sought a need for a center of aeronautical research in Israel. In 1950, Sydney Goldstein accepted the chairmanship of the department of mathematics at Technion. The faculty was established in 1954 after Goldstein persuaded the President of the Technion, Yaakov Dori, and Prime Minister David Ben Gurion. The department expanded and developed rapidly, along with the development of the aerospace industry in Israel. After the Six-Day War, the faculty expanded and increased its research in airborne systems in affiliation with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.

Facilities
The Aerospace Research Center consists of an Aerodynamics Laboratory, an Aerospace Structures Laboratory, a Combustion and Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, a Turbo and Jet Engine Laboratory, a Flight Control Laboratory, and the Design for Manufacturing Laboratory.

Ranking 
The Technion Faculty of Aerospace Engineering was ranked 8th in the world by the Shanghai Global ranking in 2017.

See also
 Asher Space Research Institute
 Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

References

External links
Faculty's Website

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Universities and colleges established in 1954
1954 establishments in Israel
High Integrity C++. High Integrity C++ (HIC++ or formerly HICPP) is a software coding standard for the C++ programming language developed by Programming Research Limited, now part of Perforce Software. HIC++ was first published in October 2003. The latest revision, version 4.0, was released in October 2013 and documents 155 rules that restrict the use of ISO C++ language to improve software maintenance and reliability in high reliability or safety critical applications.

The Motor Industry Software Reliability Association (MISRA) C++ coding standard reference list includes High Integrity C++ .

Tools
Notable tools that check for compliance with High Integrity C++ are:
 LDRA Testbed by Liverpool Data Research Associates
 Helix QAC (formerly Programming Research Limited QA-C++)
 Parasoft C/C++test by Parasoft
 LLVM’s clang-tidy

Revision history
 1.0 – 3 October 2003
 2.0 – 20 October 2003
 3.0 – 24 January 2008
 4.0 – 3 October 2013

References

External links
 

C++
C programming language family
High Integrity Programming Language
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Programming language standards
AeroLites AeroMaster AG. The AeroLites AeroMaster AG is an American homebuilt agricultural aircraft, designed and produced by AeroLites of Welsh, Louisiana. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The AeroMaster AG features a strut-braced mid-wing, a single-seat open cockpit with a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing, while the wing is bolted-together aluminum, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth envelopes. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The recommended power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Rotax 582 powerplant.

The aerial application system is a SprayMiser CDA Ag system with a  chemical tank.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 170 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that six kits had been sold and four aircraft were flying.

In November 2013 three examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (AeroMaster AG)

References

External links

AeroMaster AG
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
1990s United States agricultural aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Modular process skid. A modular process skid is a process system contained within a frame that allows the process system to be easily transported (skid mount). Individual skids can contain complete process systems and multiple process skids can be combined to create larger process systems or entire portable plants. They are sometimes called “a system in a box.” An example of a multi-skid process system might include a raw materials skid, a utilities skid and a processing unit which work in tandem.

Process skids are considered an alternative to traditional stick-built construction where process system parts are shipped individually and installed incrementally at the manufacturing site. They provide the advantage of parallel construction, where process systems are built off-site in a fabrication facility while civil site upgrades are completed at the plant site simultaneously. Skids are not always appropriate. If individual process parts are large and cannot reasonably be contained within the frame of a modular process skid, traditional construction methods are preferred.

Skid design and layout
Process skids are designed to contain a complete process system, a complete unit of operations or to organize a manufacturing process into logical units. All skids have the following characteristics in common:
 Portable design– because they are self-contained units, built within frames, skid systems are easier to transport than traditional process systems. 
 Small footprint – process skid frames allow equipment layering. Piping, tanks, and necessary process equipment can be fit into a smaller footprint with a skid design
 Gathered process connections – process connections are gathered into one spot on the skid, making plant connections easier. In traditional process systems, connections are spread throughout the plant. 
 Controlled assembly – skids are typically built in controlled conditions offsite. Existing operations are not affected by skid fabrication. 
FAT testing before installation – Factory acceptance testing (FAT) can be completed before modular process skids are shipped to site. This reduces the amount of on-site startup time.
Accessible layout – skids are designed for accessibility, usually including a center hallway, and major pieces of equipment placed around the edge of the frame.

Modular process skid components
Modular process skids typically contain the following equipment:
 Controls
 Electrical wiring 
 Flanges
 Flow meters
 Heat exchangers
 Instrumentation 
 Insulation 
 Piping
 Pumps
 Tanks
 Tubing 
 Valves

Skid applications
 Batch processing
 Bio waste deactivation systems
 Centrifuge systems
 Chemical processing
 Chemical reactors
 Clean-in-place systems
 Coating systems
 Continuous production systems
 Demonstration plants
 Distillation
  Furnaces or Fired Heaters 
 Flavor mixing
 Food and beverage processing
 Fuel delivery systems
 In-line blending systems
 Mixing systems
 Perfume mixing
 Petroleum processing
 Pilot plants
 Processing plants
 Pump carts
 fluid process
 Raw materials processing
 Refining
 Wastewater treatment systems

References

Engineering concepts
Process engineering
Teichfuss Turbine. The Teichfuss Turbine was an Italian single seat high performance glider, designed by Luigi Teichfuss and flown in 1939.

Design and development
On one of his regular visits to German glider builders, Teichfuss watched the construction of high performance aircraft like Hans Jacobs' DFS Reiher. The Turbine design, begun in 1938, was a high performance machine which showed Jakob's influence but was rather simpler to construct. It was a mid wing cantilever monoplane with gull wings of strongly straight tapered, elliptically tipped plan. The inner panels extended over rather more than one third span and were mounted with about 10° of dihedral; there was no dihedral outboard but the trailing edges of these outer panels was completely occupied with ailerons.  There were spoilers on the inner panels at about mid-chord.

Its fuselage was ovoid in cross-section and plywood skinned, tapering markedly towards the tail. The long, multi-framed canopy glazing extended forward to form the nose profile and provide a clear view forward. The horizontal tail, like the wing was straight tapered and round tipped.  The cantilever tailplane was mounted over the fuselage on a short pedestal, its elevators having a cut-out between them for rudder movement. There was no fin but the aerodynamically balanced rudder was broad and roughly D-shaped, extending down to the keel where its underside was protected by a long tail bumper.  The Turbine landed not on a skid but a small, semi-recessed monowheel located under the wing.

The Turbine first flew on 27 July 1939, flown by Adriano Mantelli.  In early August he flew it at the Third Asiago National Gliding Competition then went to the World Student Competition near Vienna just a few days before the outbreak of World War II.

Despite the structural simplifications Teichfuss had made in the hope of small series production, only one Turbine was built.

Specifications

See also

References

Turbine
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1939
Gull-wing aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Technion Faculty of Electrical Engineering. The Technion Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering is an academic faculty of the Technion founded in 1947 before the State of Israel which focuses on the training of electrical engineers and computer engineers in various disciplines including CAD, VLSI, Image processing, Signal processing, Solid-state electronics, communication systems, integrated circuits, Parallel computing and systems, and embedded systems. The current dean of faculty is Professor Idit Keidar.

History
In 1938 Franz Ollendorff, an Israeli physicist, established the department of Electrical Engineering under the Faculty of Technology. Franz became its first dean the following year. In 1947 the Faculty of Electrical Engineering was established after it split from the Faculty of Technology. In 2021 it was renamed The Viterbi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Today
Today, the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering is the largest faculty in the Technion with over 2,000 undergraduate students and over 400 master and doctorate students. The faculty consistently ranks among the top 10 Electrical and Computer Engineering faculties in the world.

See also
 Asher Space Research Institute
 Technion Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
 Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

References

External links
Faculty's Website

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Universities and colleges established in 1947
Electrical engineering departments
1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
Keatite. Keatite is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula SiO2 (silicon dioxide) that was discovered in nature in 2013. It is a tetragonal polymorph of silica first known as a synthetic phase. It was reported as minute inclusions within clinopyroxene (diopside) crystals in an ultra high pressure garnet pyroxenite body. The host rock is part of the Kokchetav Massif in Kazakhstan.

Keatite was synthesized in 1954 and named for Paul P. Keat who discovered it while studying the role of soda in the crystallization of amorphous silica. Keatite was well known before 1970 as evidenced in few studies from that era.

References

Silica polymorphs
Hazards Forum. The Hazards Forum, founded in 1989, is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental, professional association promoting the study of disasters (and resulting learning), public understanding of risk and of risk reduction strategies. The Hazards Forum was founded by the UK’s four principal engineering institutions; the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Electrical Engineers, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Chemical Engineers, and has since welcomed members from other engineering bodies, industry, and the public and charity sectors.  

It is also a learned 'Associated Society' of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

History
The Hazards Forum became a registered charity in 1995.

In 1999, former ICE president Stuart Mustow was appointed chairman of the Hazards Forum, replacing Professor Phil Bennett from the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Former chairman Paul Thomas was appointed in July 2010, taking over from Sir David Davies who had been appointed in 2002.

Activities
The Hazard Forum's mission is to enable interdisciplinary learning between professionals for the prevention and mitigation of hazards and disasters. The Hazards Forum's work is mainly focused on the UK. It organises meetings for professional communities, opinion formers and experts, produces education material, and works with other societies and institutions involved with risk issues such as the Royal Society, the Safety and Reliability Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering.

References

Organizations established in 1989