omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Team Tango Foxtrot. The Team Tango Foxtrot, or Foxtrot 4, is an American amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by Team Tango of Williston, Florida. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction, with or without factory builder assistance.

Design and development
The Foxtrot was developed as a four-seat version of the Tango 2 and shares many of the two-seater's features. The Foxtrot has a cantilever low-wing, a four-seat enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The rear seats have limited visibility.

The aircraft is made from composites. Its  span wing employs a NACA 64-415  airfoil, has an area of  and mounts flaps. The engines recommended are Lycoming Engines of .

Operational history
By October 2012 three examples had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (Foxtrot)

References

External links

Photo of a Foxtrot

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Team Tango aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
U-bolt. A U-bolt is a bolt in the shape of the letter U with screw threads on both ends.

U-bolts have primarily been used to support pipework. Because of this, U-bolt sizes are given in pipe measurements. A U-bolt is described by the size of pipe it is supporting. For example, a 40 Nominal Bore U-bolt would be asked for by pipe work engineers, and only they would know what that meant. In reality, the 40 nominal bore part bears little resemblance to the size and dimensions of the U-bolt.

As U-bolts are now being used by a much wider audience to clamp any kind of tubing / round bar, then a more convenient measurement system needs to be used.

U-bolts are used to hold rebar cages and overhead road signs. Research has been done into the use of novel U-bolts to improve the interface shear resistance of steel-concrete composite beams.

Four elements uniquely define any U-bolt:

 Material type (for example: bright zinc-plated mild steel)
 Thread dimensions (for example: M12 * 50 mm)
 Inside diameter (for example: 50 mm - the distance between the legs)
 Inside height (for example: 120 mm)

References

Threaded fasteners
WD Lab Grown Diamonds. WD Lab Grown Diamonds was a manufacturer of synthetic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamonds, headquartered in the Washington, D.C. area. Founded in 2008, WD produced lab-grown diamonds for distribution under the brands WD Lab Grown Diamonds and Latitude, in addition to creating diamonds for high-tech Advanced Materials applications. The company formally pivoted and relaunched as WD Advanced Materials, LLC in November 2023.

Diamond production

WD Lab Grown Diamonds employs a proprietary and patented chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to create laboratory-grown diamonds. WD was an exclusive licensee of patents covering single crystal CVD diamond growth technology that was originally developed by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science.

WD Lab Grown Diamonds announced its first commercially available diamonds on September 18, 2012. WD Lab Grown Diamonds first 5 carat round brilliant diamond was graded by International Gemological Institute (IGI) on June 1, 2016.  On May 22, 2018, WD Lab Grown Diamonds announced that they had produced at 9.04 carat gem-quality diamond (graded as I color VS2 clarity IDEAL cut), eclipsing their previous record of 6 carats (January 2018) and setting a new record for the gem quality lab grown diamond industry. In 2020, WD Lab Grown Diamonds was certified Climate Neutral and achieved the highest-level of third-party Sustainability Rating through SCS Global Services, Inc.

WD Lab Grown Diamonds was focused on the gemstone market, but also serviced the technology sector through their Advanced Materials division, including quantum, semiconductor and optical diamond solutions. WD Lab Grown Diamonds announced in February 2018 that one of its scientific quality 6mm diamond anvils set a record when it was able to withstand 600,000 atmospheres of pressure in a lab study at Oak Ridge National Library.

History and personnel
WD Lab Grown Diamonds was founded in 2008 by Clive Hill, a successful jeweler from the United Kingdom. In January 2019, middle-market private equity firm, Huron Capital completed an equity investment in WD Lab Grown Diamonds. In September 2019, WD Lab Grown Diamonds appointed Sue Rechner as CEO as part of a planned leadership transition. WD was jointly owned by Huron Capital, WD Management, members of its board of directors and the Carnegie Institution for Science. On October 10, 2023, the company filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy liquidation, announcing a transition to entity WD Advanced Materials, LLC.

See also
List of synthetic diamond manufacturers

References

External links
https://www.wdlabgrowndiamonds.com/
https://latitudediamonds.com/ 
Mother Nature Network: Lab-grown diamonds: Would you flaunt one?
Laboratory-made diamonds a rising 'conflict-free' alternative
What a gem of an idea
Why earth mined diamond cost so much
How to Choose a Good Quality Lab Created Diamond?

Synthetic diamond
Manufacturing companies based in Washington, D.C.
Companies that filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2023
American companies disestablished in 2023
Shandong University of Technology. The Shandong University of Technology (SDUT; ) is a university located in Zibo, Shandong, China. The university was founded in 1956 and has a focus on engineering sciences.

History
The school was founded as the Shandong Institute of Technology () in June 1956. During the Cultural Revolution, it was one of only 13 undergraduate institutions of higher learning in Shandong. It expanded into a wider institution of polytechnic learning in 1990. Finally in 2001, it merged with several other colleges into a full university under its current name.

Campus
SDUT occupies two campuses, both located in the Zhangdian District of Zibo. Together, they cover an area of approximately 2.4 million square meters, with a building area of 1.3 million square meters. The campus features 268 lecture halls with multi-media facilities and 21 laboratories.

The headquarters for the Shandong Research Institute of Engineering and Technology is also located on the SDUT campus.

Students 
There are 34,000 full-time undergraduate students and 5,300 postgraduate students enrolled at SDUT. Undergraduate students can elect to study 21 different subjects spanning nine categories: engineering, science, economics, management, literature, law, history, pedagogy, and art.

Masters' students have the choice of 14 subjects for engineering, five subjects in agricultural extension, as well as the subjects for a Master of Business Administration (MBA) and a Master of Finance (MF).

Academic Schools 

School of Transportation & Vehicle Engineering

School of Agricultural Engineering& food science

School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

School of Computer Science & Technology

School of Chemical Engineering

School of Architectural Engineering

School of Resources & Environment Engineering

School of Materials Science & Engineering

School of Life Science

School of Science

School of Business

MBA Education Centre

School of Literature & Media Dissemination

School of Foreign Languages

School of Laws

School Of Marxism

School of Fine Arts

School of Music

School of Physical Education

Lutai textile college

School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Programme List 

The Shandong University of Technology offers Bachelor's, Masters, and Doctoral Degrees for international students wishing to study in China. Undergraduate and Postgraduate courses range from studying the Arts to Mechanical Engineering, Chinese Philology to Economy. 

SDUT has 12 Doctoral Degrees that specialize in different areas of Engineering and Technology.

Universities and colleges in Shandong
Technical universities and colleges in China
Lionel Simeon Marks. Lionel Simeon Marks (8 September 1871 – 6 January 1955) was a British engineer and one of the pioneers of aeronautics. He was born and mostly educated in England, but in 1892 moved to the United States. During World War II he was a chief consulting engineer to the US Bureau of Aircraft Production. His Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers is considered as classical reference work.

Biography

Marks was born in Birmingham, England, where he graduated from Mason Science College (which later became the University of Birmingham) in 1892 with a bachelor of science degree. He received a fellowship to study at the Cornell University, New York, United States. In 1894, he became professor of mechanical engineering at Harvard University and retired in 1940. In the early 1900s he was also professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

On 21 June 1906 he married Josephine Preston Peabody, an American poet and dramatist. They had a daughter, Alison Peabody Marks (30 July 1908 – 7 April 2008), and a son, Lionel Peabody Marks (10 February 1910 – 25 January 1984).

Marks died of a heart attack in Providence, Rhode Island, aged 83.

Publications
His most famous work is Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, originally based on the German , was first published in 1916 as Mechanical Engineer's Handbook and contained 1836 pages. Its latest edition (11th, 2006) was compiled by 160 authors and comprised 1800 pages .

His other books include

References

External links
 

1871 births
1955 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Cornell University alumni
Alumni of University of London Worldwide
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
British emigrants to the United States
Harvard University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
TechProAviation Merlin 100. The TechProAviation Merlin HV 100 is a Czech amateur-built aircraft, designed and produced by TechProAviation of Olomouc. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Merlin 100 features a cantilever high-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit accessed via a single door on the fuselage righthand side, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from matched-hole drilled sheet aluminum. Its  span wing has an area of  and mounts flaps. The standard engine used is the  Verner JCV 360 twin cylinder four-stroke powerplant. Alternative engines include the  HKS 700E four-stroke,  Hirth F-23 and  Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplants. The aircraft will be marketed as a kit only.

By mid-2011 only the prototype had flown, logging 100 hours of testing, These tests led to modifications; by November 2012 the prototype had gained a fin fillet and the mainwheel legs were slightly forward raked.

Operational history
By 2013 ten Merlins had been built. Flyaway prices, without tax, are engine dependent; the cheapest is the Verner-engined variant at €15,500 in 2015.

Variants
These are in production in late 2015: 
Merlin 100 UL
Version for the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight class, specification below. A tailwheel version was flown in April 2012 and is available.
Merlin 100 ML
Lightened version for the German  class It has reduced dimensions, with a span of  and length of , a tailwhell undercarriage and is powered by a Polini motorcycle engine. It first flew in late March 2014.
Merlin Mikro
Version with conventional landing gear for the European 120 kg class. Equipped with a Thor 200 powerplant.
Rotax
As 100UL but with a Rotax 582 engine which gives it a speed of . An amphibious floatplane version is planned.

Specifications (Merlin 100 UL)

References

External links
Official website
Official video

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Electric Lake. Electric Lake is a large reservoir on Huntington Creek high on the east slope of the Wasatch Plateau in Utah. The reservoir was created in 1974 by the construction of an earth-fill dam. The shoreline is primarily owned by Utah Power and Light (UP&L) and the Huntington-Cleveland Irrigation Company. Access is limited but the northern end of the reservoir is adjacent to the national forest and access is unrestricted at that point.

Uses
Water is consumed for irrigation and power plant cooling, but also used for recreation and coldwater aquatic habitat. Enough water is stored to provide cooling water for a four-year drought, so water levels remain deep throughout most summers. This greatly enhances recreational use. Electric Lake is accessible from U-31 and U-264. U-31 follows the south shore for about 0.5 miles near the dam (21 miles east of Fairview City and 27 miles northwest of Huntington), but there is no boat ramp at this access. U-264 follows the north shore for 1/2 mile (6 miles east of junction U-31 and 9 miles west of junction U-96). There are latrines and a concrete boat ramp at this site. Both highways are maintained year-round, making the area popular for winter recreation.

Climate
Electric Lake has a subalpine climate (Köppen Dfc).

References

Reservoirs in Utah
Lakes of Emery County, Utah
Closed Circuit (album). Closed Circuit is the sixth and final album by New Zealand composer Peter Jefferies, released on October 23, 2001 through Emperor Jones.

Track listing

Personnel 
Michael Hill – engineering
Peter Jefferies – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums, percussion, piano, keyboards, production, engineering
Chris Smith – guitar
Lewis Boyes – guitar
Mark Cass Stevens – guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar
Jerry Tubb – mastering

References 

2001 albums
Peter Jefferies albums
EFF Prometheus. The EFF Prometheus was an unusual two seat motor glider powered by a pair of small turbojet engines, designed and constructed in Switzerland in the 1970s. Two versions with different spans were built, but it did not go into production.

Design and development

In 1970 EFF began work on a turbojet powered version of the FFA Diamant 18 sailplane. This, named the Prometheus 1, first flew on 21 June 1971. It was initially powered by a  Microturbo Eclair II, later replaced by a  Microturbo TRS 25.  The engine was mounted on a short pylon to the rear of the cockpit above the wing centre line.  Apart from the addition of the engine and associated fuel tanks and accessories, the aircraft was essentially the single seat Diamant 18.  The later Prometheus 19 of 1978 was a two-seat, side-by-side configuration aircraft with a new fuselage, purpose built to contain the wider cockpit and the twin turbojets, a new, mid-mounted wing with a different section and a span, in its initial form, of . The all-moving tail of the Diamant was replaced by a conventional one.

Design work on the Prometheus 19 began in about 1971 and construction was started in 1975, leading to a first flight on 22 June 1978.  Its wing had a single aluminium spar and was skinned with plywood infilled with glass fibre/foam sandwich. It was fitted with flaperons for lateral control and lift generation, combined with DFS-type airbrakes operating only from the upper wing surface.

The forward fuselage had a wooden structure skinned with glass fibre.  The cockpit, ahead of the wing, seated two side by side . Two  Microturbo TRS 18 engines were mounted behind the cockpit, fed from a pair of dorsal intakes immediately aft of the glazing and exhausting over the rear fuselage a little behind the wing trailing edge.  This section of the fuselage and the empennage were constructed from glass-fibre sandwich.  The Prometheus had a tall, straight edged fin with the narrow chord tailplane and single elevator on top in T-configuration. It landed on a retractable tricycle undercarriage.  The mainwheels were sprung on rubber blocks and were fitted with brakes; the nosewheel had an oleo shock absorber.

The Prometheus 12 was a variant with a  span wing to improve the performance envelope and increase structural strength.

Variants
Prometheus 1The first prototype, consisting of a Diamant 18 airframe powered by a  Microturbo Eclair II, later replaced by a  Microturbo TRS 25.
Prometheus 19 The initial production configuration with a span of  powered by 2 x   Microturbo TRS 18 engines mounted behind the cockpit. Flown 22 June 1978.
Prometheus 12 Span decreased to , wing area  and the empty weight .  First flown 17 September 1979.
Promethus PV As Prometheus 12, with tip tanks.  No production intended.

Specifications (Prometheus 19)

References

External links
Wortmann FX-67-170-17 airfoil

1970s Swiss sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1978
Mid-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Twinjets
Microturbo TRS 18. The Microturbo TRS 18 is a small, low thrust turbojet designed and built in France in the 1970s. It was installed on both manned and unmanned aircraft.

Design and development

The TRS 18 was originally designed for self-launching motor gliders but was adapted to power conventional ultralight aircraft and unmanned vehicles (RPV). It was originally designed and developed by Sermel, a competitor company to Microturbo which the latter took over in 1971. It is a simple, low thrust, reverse flow single shaft engine with a centrifugal compressor and axial turbine. It is built in three modules: an intake section containing starter and lubrication systems; a centre section with compressor and turbine on ball bearings; and an aft section with the folded combustion chambers and tail-pipe.

It gained its US Federal Aviation Administration type certificate in May 1976.

Variants
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984-85
TRS 18-046Production version, primarily intended for manned applications with full self start provision, oil lubrication and temperature and pressure transducers. 
TRS 18-056 Cut down gas generator or core engine version, fuel lubricated and only 62% the weight of the 18-046 version but the same thrust; intended for RPVs.
TRS 18-075 Intended respectively for the Flight Refuelling ASAT target drone. Includes an engine driven alternator and fuel and oil lubrication pumps. Dry weight as 18-046.  Take-off thrust increased to 1.15 kN (260 lb st) and maximum continuous thrust to 1.10 kN (247 lb st).
TRS 18-076 Intended for the Meteor-Mirach 100. Includes an engine driven alternator and fuel and oil lubrication pumps. Dry weight as 18-046.  Take-off thrust increased to 1.15 kN (260 lb st) and maximum continuous thrust to 1.10 kN (247 lb st).

Applications
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984-85

Manned
Bede BD-5J
Caproni Vizzola A-21SJ
Chagnes Microstar (version of Rutan VariViggen)
EFF Prometheus 19
EFF Prometheus 12
Microjet 200
NASA AD-1 slew wing

Unmanned
Flight Refuelling ASAT
France-engins Mitsoubac
Meteor-Mirach 100

Specifications (TRS 18-046)

References

1970s turbojet engines
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Moorella thermoacetica. Moorella thermoacetica, previously known as Clostridium thermoaceticum, is an acetogenic, thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, endospore-forming, bacterium belonging to the phylum Bacillota.

Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, including Peidong Yang, were able to induce M. thermoacetica to photosynthesize, despite its not being photosynthetic. It also synthesized semiconductor nanoparticles, thus using light to produce chemical products other than those produced in photosynthesis.

References

External links
Type strain of Moorella thermoacetica at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Thermoanaerobacterales
Bacteria described in 1994
Thermophiles
Anaerobes
Acetogens
Wetting current. In electrical and electronics engineering, wetting current is the minimum electric current needing to flow through a contact to break through the surface film resistance at a contact. It is typically far below the contact's nominal maximum current rating.

A thin film of oxidation, or an otherwise passivated layer, tends to form in most environments, particularly those with high humidity, and, along with surface roughness, contributes to the contact resistance at an interface. Providing a sufficient amount of wetting current is a crucial step in designing circuits that use switches with low contact pressure. Failing to do this might result in switches remaining electrically "open" when pressed, due to contact oxidation.

Capacitor discharge solution
In some low voltage applications, where switching current is below the manufacturer's wetting current specification, a capacitor discharge method may be employed by placing a small capacitor across the switch contacts to boost the current through contact surface upon contact closure.

Sealing current
A related term sealing current (aka wetting current or fritting current) is widely used in the telecommunication industry describing a small constant DC current (typically 1-20 mA) in copper wire loops in order to avoid contact oxidation of contacts and splices. It is defined in ITU-T G.992.3 for "all digital mode ADSL" as a current flowing from the ATU-C (ADSL Linecard) via the phone lines to the ATU-R (CPE). Carbon brushes develop high resistance glaze when they're used without current flow for an extended period. A special circuit is utilized for turbines and generators to introduce current through the brushes into the shaft to prevent this contact fritting.

Contact cleaner
Contact cleaner can be applied to the contact surfaces to inhibit the formation of resistive surface films and/or to ameliorate existing films.

See also

References

Further reading
  (NB. Free download after registration.)
 
  (NB. A rewrite of the earlier "Electric Contacts Handbook".)
   (NB. A rewrite and translation of the earlier "Die technische Physik der elektrischen Kontakte" (1941) in German language, which is available as reprint under .)
 
 
 
 

Electrical engineering
Electrical parameters