omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Grade monoplane. The Grade monoplane was a single-seat aircraft constructed by Hans Grade in 1909. It was the first successful heavier-than-air aircraft produced in Germany, and around 80 were eventually built.

Design and development
The aircraft was a high-wing monoplane, with the pilot sitting below the wing. A pair of inverted V struts formed the fabric-covered cabane structure which carried the upper bracing wires: the front struts were continued below the wing, with the forward struts bearing the mainwheels.  An  elongated cruciform tail unit was attached to the end of a single boom by a universal joint immediately behind the single tailwheel.  Lateral control was effected by wing-warping.  It was powered  by a 12 kW (18 hp) two-stroke air-cooled V-4 engine, also built by Grade, which drove a two-bladed aluminium bladed propeller.

Operational history
The aircraft was first flown on 17 August 1909  A series of longer flights were made in September, and on October 30 Grade won the Lanz prize of 40,000 marks for the first German-built aeroplane to fly in a figure 8 round two markers  a kilometre apart.
 
Grade used the money from winning the Lanz prize to establish an aircraft manufacturing business and flying school at Bork, near Magdeburg. The aircraft were sold for 12,000 marks, the price including a course of flying instruction.

Grade competed with some success at the Heliopolis aviation meeting held in Egypt in January 1910, when he won one of the daily speed and distance competitions by flying  in 22 m 57 sec.

Charlotte Möhring, from Pankow near Berlin, was the second German woman to obtain pilot's licence (no. 285 issued 7 September 1912) flying a Grade monoplane

An example was bought by the Japanese army, and was the first aeroplane to be flown in Japan.

Survivors

A restored aircraft is on display at the Magdeburg Technikmuseum.
A restored aircraft is on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, with the original engine displayed separately.
A replica is displayed at the Kakamigahara Aerospace Science Museum

Specifications

References

1900s German aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1909
Intel 80130. The Intel 80130, referred to as an "Operating System Processor," was developed as a support chip for the 8086/8088 processors and the Intel iRMX86 operating system. Intel referred to the chip as "software in silicon".

Overview 

It contained 16-KB of ROM containing the code for 35 of the iRMX 86 system calls, an interrupt controller similar to the 8259A, timing circuits, a baud generator circuit, and all the necessary circuitry for bus buffering and control.

It was not used in the IBM/PC, and as such, is a less prominent chip.

Architecture 
The 80130 uses an object-oriented architecture, with objects representing tasks, jobs, mailboxes, regions, and segments. These objects are acted upon by primitives, which are invokable as PL/M-86 procedures.

Notes 

Intel chipsets
Pelican hook. A pelican hook is a piece of nautical rigging hardware 

It is composed of a hinged link held closed by a circumferential link capable of being released under load. Small examples are held closed by hand while the retaining link is displaced while larger examples are hit with a hammer or sledge hammer to release. 

The asymmetric appearance of the two hinged pieces is similar in appearance to a pelican's beak. It is frequently used to secure ships' anchors and life raft canisters but has many other applications.

References

External links
 Includes illustration of Pelican hook, under "Hooks".

Sailing rigs and rigging
Tetranitratoborate. Tetranitratoborate is an anion composed of boron with four nitrate groups. It has formula . It can form salts with large cations such as tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, or tetraethylammonium tetranitratoborate. The ion was first discovered by C. R. Guibert and M. D. Marshall in 1966 after failed attempts to make neutral (non-ionic) boron nitrate, , which has resisted attempts to make it; if it exists, it is unstable above −78 °C.

Other related ions are the slightly more stable tetraperchloratoborates, with perchlorate groups instead of nitrate, and tetranitratoaluminate with the next atom down the periodic table, aluminium instead of boron ().

Formation 
Tetramethylammonium chloride reacts with  to make . Then the tetrachloroborate is reacted with  at around −20 °C to form tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, and other gases such as  and .

Another mechanism to make tetranitratoborate salts is to shake a metal nitrate with  in chloroform at 20 °C for several days. Trichloronitratoborate  is an unstable intermediate.

Properties
The infrared spectrum of tetramethylammonium nitratoborate includes a prominent line at 1,612 cm−1 with shoulders at 1582 and 1,626 cm−1 attributed to v4. Also prominent is 1,297 and 1,311 cm−1 attributed to v1, with these vibrations due to the nitrate bonded via one oxygen.

The density of tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is 1.555 g·cm−3. It is colourless and crystalline. As tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is heated it has some sort of transition between 51 and 62 °C. It decomposes above 75 °C producing gas. Above 112 °C it is exothermic, and a solid is left if it is heated to 160 °C.

Tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is insoluble in cold water but slightly soluble in hot water. It does not react with water. It also dissolves in liquid ammonia, acetonitrile, methanol, and dimethylformamide. It reacts with liquid sulfur dioxide.

At room temperature tetramethylammonium nitratoborate is stable for months. It does not explode with impact.

Alkali metal tetranitratoborates are unstable at room temperature and decompose.

1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolimium tetranitratoborate was discovered in 2002. It is an ionic liquid that turns solid at −25 °C.

References

Nitrates
Boron compounds
Borates
Anions
West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation. West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (abbreviated as HIDCO) is a Government of West Bengal owned public sector undertaking headquartered in Narkelbagan, Action Area- I of New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It plans and executes infrastructure and housing development projects in West Bengal which includes buildings, parks, museum, subways, overbridges, drains, sewerage line, water supply lines, beautification works and others.

Notable works

Many well known constructions such as the KMOMA, New Town Eco Park, Biswa Bangla Gate, International Finance Hub of Kolkata, Rabindra Tirtha, Nazrul Tirtha, Vocational Training Institute, N–S Corridor, Convention Center etc. are some of the projects developed by HIDCO. Monorail from Ultadanga to New Town via Salt Lake is also being planned by HIDCO.

See also
 Bidhannagar, Kolkata
 KMOMA
 Rabindra Tirtha
 New Town Eco Park
 Government of West Bengal

References

External links
 Official homepage

Urban development authorities in India
Companies based in Kolkata
State agencies of West Bengal
Government agencies with year of establishment missing
New Town, Kolkata
IVA 65. The IVA 65, (full name Internationale Verkehrsausstellung 65) was a world's transportation exhibition held in Munich in 1965. It was the 16th specialized exhibition recognized by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE).

The IVA 65 was the international follow up from the Deutsche Verkehrsausstellung (German transportation fairs) held between 1924 and 1953 in Germany. The focus always had been the German rail traffic and Germany presented the prototypes of the Frankfurt underground rolling stock and the high speed locomotive class E03. The E03 hauled the trains from the Augsburg - Munich service with a scheduled 200 km/h during the exhibition.
Besides the railtraffic, navigation, aerospace and roadtraffic got their share in the Bavariapark. The IVA was repeated twice until German reunification. After 1996 the InnoTrans has been held every two years, because of its commercial character these exhibitions have not been recognized by the BIE.

See also
Internationale Verkehrsausstellung

References

External links
Official website of the BIE
Deutsches Museum: Transport Exhibitions 

1965
1965 in West Germany
20th century in Munich
Warren L. McCabe. Warren Lee McCabe (August 7, 1899 – August 24, 1982) was an American Physical Chemist and is considered as one of the founding fathers of the profession of chemical engineering. He is widely known for the eponymous McCabe–Thiele method for analysis of distillation processes and his book, Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, a major textbook.

References

External links 
NAE Website - Dr. Warren L McCabe
Chemical Engineering Turns 100

1899 births
1982 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
American chemical engineers
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American chemists
Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company. Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC) is a Pakistani coal mining company based in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of the Government of Sindh.

History
Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company was established in 2009 as a joint venture between the Government of Sindh and Engro Corporation to mine and establish power projects from the Block II of the Thar coalfield in Tharparkar.

Projects
SECMC projects include's under construction 660MW of power plant when completed in 2017. Its flagship project is based on 75:25 debt to equity ratio. The company raised $900 million from Chinese banks, $300 million from a Pakistani banking consortium and the remaining $400 million from sponsors. SECMC is establishing another 600MV plant in partnership with State Power Investment Corporation.

It would in total produce 3,960MW of electricity, in six phases, from the coal in Block II of the project. The first phase of 660MW would be completed within three and a half years, while a new unit of 660MW each would be added subsequently. A sum of $1.6 billion with $800 million component for the open pit mining and $800 million for the power plant have been invested in the project.

References

Government of Sindh
Engro
Coal in Sindh
Mining in Pakistan
Companies based in Karachi
Energy companies established in 2009
Energy in Sindh 
Pakistani companies established in 2009
VAW-114. Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 114 (VAW-114), nicknamed the "Hormel Hawgs". It was established on 20 April 1967, based out of NAS North Island,  at which time it was already flying missions over the Tonkin Gulf in Vietnam. The squadron was disestablished on 31 March 1995 while attached to NAS Miramar.

Squadron history

1960s-70s 

VAW-114 was formed from Detachment C of VAW-11. It was operating E-2A Hawkeye early warning aircraft as part of Carrier Air Wing Eleven on board USS Kitty Hawk, protecting U.S. naval and air forces that were striking targets in Vietnam. During the war, the squadron made three more war zone deployments before joining Carrier Air Wing Fifteen aboard . By 1976, it had moved to NAS Miramar. In 1978, it rejoined the USS Kitty Hawk in the Arabian Sea in response to the Iran hostage crisis.

1980s 
In 1982, it joined the , making six deployments by 1990. It then made five deployments to the Northern and Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. In 1988, it supported Operation Earnest Will, escorting oil tankers during the Iran–Iraq War.

1990s 
In 1990 and 1991, VAW-114 upgraded to the E-2C+ version of the Hawkeye and made two drug-interdiction deployments to Howard Air Force Base in Panama.

In 1992, VAW-114 was assigned to CVW-15 and accompanied the USS Kitty Hawk for its around the horn deployment from NS Norfolk to NAS North Island. VAW-114 participated in RIMPAC in 1992.

In November 1992, VAW-114 deployed with CVW-15/CV-63 for WESTPAC/Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. During this deployment, VAW-114 participated in Operation Restore Hope in Somalia and Operation Southern Watch. This included providing AEW support during the January 13, 1993 Air Strike. VAW-114 returned to NAS Miramar in May 1993. In June 1993, VAW-114 deployed to Howard Air Force Panama for drug interdiction duty.

In June 1994, VAW-114 left NAS Miramar for its final deployment. This deployment consisted of patrolling the waters around Korea aboard the Kitty Hawk. VAW-114 returned to NAS Miramar in December 1994. The Navy's post-Cold War reductions marked the end of the "Hormel Hawgs", which was officially disestablished on 31 March 1995, after almost 28 years of service.

See also

 History of the United States Navy
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons

References

Early warning squadrons of the United States Navy
Military units and formations disestablished in 1995
Seaplane base. A seaplane base is a type of airport that is located in a body of water, usually a river, bay, harbor, or lake, where seaplanes and amphibious aircraft take-off and land.

History
Initially following the invention of the seaplane, traditional boat docks were typically used as there was little need for purpose-built facilities. This would later change, however, as commercial seaplane operations proved financially viable, leading many companies, most notably Pan American Airways, to push for the construction of seaplane bases that were optimized for such use. These new seaplane bases often featured terminal buildings for passengers and cargo, concrete ramps for amphibious aircraft, and floating docks that connected to land. Seaplane bases would end up becoming very heavily utilized for commercial air traffic for a number of years, but they eventually fell out of favor as land based aircraft rose in prominence. Advances in aircraft technology following World War II resulted in the development of land based aircraft that were capable of travelling greater distances, thus relegating seaplane bases to secondary use by about the 1950s. Although their commercial use has generally fallen out of the mainstream, many seaplane bases in remote areas still have commercial service as a means of providing easier access. Other bases still exist for general aviation use as well.

References

Aerodromes
Albert C. Reynolds. Dr. Albert C. Reynolds is McMan Chair Professor of Petroleum Engineering and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Tulsa, where he is the Director of the Tulsa University Petroleum Reservoir Exploitation Projects (TUPREP). He is known for his research in the areas of reservoir characterization, well testing and reservoir simulation.

Education
Reynolds received a BA degree from the University of New Hampshire in 1966, an MS degree from Case Institute of Technology in 1968, and a PhD degree from Case Western Reserve University in 1970, all in mathematics.

Career
Reynolds joined the faculty of the University of Tulsa in 1970. He has at various times filled the posts of Associate Graduate Dean, Associate Director of Research, and Chairman of the Department of Petroleum Engineering.

Reynolds received the 1983 SPE Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty, 2003 SPE Reservoir Description and Dynamics Award, and 2005 SPE Formation Evaluation Award. In 2013 he was presented with the John Franklin Carll Award. He has been a SPE Distinguished Member since 1999.

Current Research

 Gradient-Based History Matching with Optimal Parameterization
 Covariance Localization for Ensemble Kalman Filter
 Iterative forms of EnKF and Ensemble Smoother
 Combining Ensemble Kalman Filter and Markov Chain Monte Carlo
 Ensemble Kalman Filter Method with KPCA and DCT Parameterization
 Production Optimization Under Linear and Nonlinear Constraints
 Derivative-Free Production Optimization Algorithms
 Optimal Well Placement
 Numerical Well Testing and History Matching Using Commercial Reservoir Simulators
 Stochastic Optimization for Automatic History Matching

References

External links
Profile at the University of Tulsa
Google Scholar report

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Tulsa faculty
University of New Hampshire alumni
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Tetraperchloratoaluminate. Tetraperchloratoaluminates are salts of the tetraperchloratoaluminate anion, [Al(ClO4)4]−. The anion contains aluminium tetrahedrally surrounded by four perchlorate groups. The perchlorate is covalently bonded to the aluminium, but perchlorate is much more well known as an ion. The covalent bond to aluminium distorts the perchlorate and renders it unstable.

Related chemicals are the haloperchloroatoaluminates, where there is one perchloro group attached to aluminium, and three halogens such as chlorine (chloroperchloroatoaluminates) or bromine (bromoperchloroatoaluminates).

Formation
Nitronium tetraperchloratoaluminate is made from exact amounts of nitronium perchlorate and anhydrous aluminium chloride combined in liquid sulfur dioxide.

Ammonium tetraperchloratoaluminate can be formed by three moles of nitronium perchlorate, one mole of anhydrous aluminium chloride, and one mole of ammonium perchlorate combined in liquid sulfur dioxide.

Properties
The tetraperchloratoaluminates are yellowish crystalline solids. They are stable up to 50 °C.

Above this temperature they decompose to hexaperchloratoaluminates which are more temperature stable.

References

Aluminium complexes
Perchlorates
Anions
Pilgrim 100-B N709Y. Pilgrim 100-B N709Y is one of a few surviving aircraft from the early days of aviation in the history of Alaska.  It is a single-engine aircraft, built as a Fairchild 100 Pilgrim in 1932 by the American Airplane & Engine Corporation, of a type where only 10 were produced.  This aircraft, and others like it, were used in the early days of Alaskan aviation to transport mail, people, and supplies, to all corners of the territory.  At the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, it was the last Pilgrim that was still flightworthy and was stationed in Dillingham Airport.  It was acquired in 2001 by the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum, which moved it to its actual location and uses it as a flying exhibit.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska

References
Notes

Bibliography

 "Fairchild 100." Aerofiles. Retrieved: 15 August 2009.
 Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam, 1963. .

External links
Photo

1930s United States airliners
100
Aircraft on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Alaska
Transportation on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Individual aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Pastel (programming language). Pastel is an extended version of the Pascal programming language, created in 1982 for Amber, an operating system for the S-1 supercomputer project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.  The Pastel compiler was the inspiration for Richard Stallman's GNU C compiler.

Pastel was conceived by Jeffrey M. Broughton, then Project Engineer in charge of compilers and operating system software for the S-1 project, because of dissatisfaction with the PL/1 language in which Amber was being implemented. The language was named Pastel ("an off-color Pascal").

Compared with Pascal compilers of that period, Pastel's features included:
Improved type definition
Parametric types
Explicit packing and allocation control
Additional parameter passing modes
Additional control constructs
Set iteration
Loop-exit form
Return statement
Module definition
Exception handling
General enhancements
Conditional Boolean operations
Constant expressions
Variable initialization

References

1982 software
Pascal (programming language) compilers
ARM Cortex-A57. The ARM Cortex-A57 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Holdings. The Cortex-A57 is an out-of-order superscalar pipeline. It is available as SIP core to licensees, and its design makes it suitable for integration with other SIP cores (e.g. GPU, display controller, DSP, image processor, etc.) into one die constituting a system on a chip (SoC).

Overview
 Pipelined processor with deeply out of order, speculative issue 3-way superscalar execution pipeline
 DSP and NEON SIMD extensions are mandatory per core
 VFPv4 Floating Point Unit onboard (per core)
 Hardware virtualization support
 Thumb-2 instruction set encoding reduces the size of 32-bit programs with little impact on performance.
 TrustZone security extensions
 Program Trace Macrocell and CoreSight Design Kit for unobtrusive tracing of instruction execution
 32 KiB data (2-way set-associative) + 48 KiB instruction (3-way set-associative) L1 cache per core
 Integrated low-latency level-2 (16-way set-associative) cache controller, 512 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB configurable size per cluster
 48-entry fully associative L1 instruction Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) with native support for 4 KiB, 64 KiB, and 1 MB page sizes
 4-way set-associative of 1024-entry L2 TLB
 2-level dynamic predictor with Branch Target Buffer (BTB) for fast target generation
 Static branch predictor
 Indirect predictor
 Return stack

Chips
In January 2014, AMD announced the Opteron A1100. Intended for servers, the A1100 has four or eight Cortex-A57 cores, support for up to 128 GiB of DDR3 or DDR4 RAM, an eight-lane PCIe controller, eight SATA (6 Gbit/s) ports, and two 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports. The A1100 series was released in January 2016, with four and eight core versions.

Qualcomm's first offering which was made available for sampling Q4 2014 was the Snapdragon 810. It contains four Cortex-A57 and four Cortex-A53 cores in a big.LITTLE configuration.

Samsung also provides Cortex-A57-based SoC's, the first one being Exynos Octa 5433 which was available for sampling from Q4 2014.

In March, 2015, Nvidia released the Tegra X1 SoC, which has four A57 cores running at a maximum of 2 GHz.

See also

 ARM Cortex-A15, predecessor
 ARM Cortex-A72, successor
 Comparison of ARMv8-A cores, ARMv8 family
 Comparison of ARMv7-A cores, ARMv7 family

References

External links
 
 

ARM processors
International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), established in 1950, is a global organization concerned with irrigation and drainage.

Events 

At the annual International Executive Council, various technical working groups organize meetings on the key focus areas as part of their Annual Meeting during the IEC. ICID organizes the triennial World Irrigation and Drainage Congress and World Irrigation Forum. Regional Conferences, Micro-irrigation Conference and Drainage Workshops are also organized to address and discuss issues of global/regional importance.

References

External links 
 International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
 Koride Mahesh, "Telangana irrigation structure receives heritage tag", Times of India, 9 September 2018

Organizations established in 1950
Irrigation