omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of bridges in Switzerland. This is a list of bridges and viaducts in Switzerland, including those for pedestrians and vehicular traffic.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
The longest viaduct in Switzerland is the , built in 1984 on the A5 motorway with a total length of . The , near Zürich Hauptbahnhof, is the longest railway viaduct in the country measuring .

The Grimselsee Bridge is part of the "KWO plus" project which consists to raise by  the water level of the Grimsel Lake, to increase the power capacity of the two Spittellamm and Seeuferegg damns. The part of the road between Guttannen and Obergoms flooded by the project will be span by a  cable-stayed bridge, to restore the continuity across the lake.

In 2021 a competition was organized to choose the project for the Plessur river valley crossing near Chur in the Grisons canton, in order to relieve the road traffic of the city center. Among a total of 41 projects submitted, the winner is called "" (only one arch), it proposes a steel arch with a  main span, more than  above the river. This bridge will be named the .

This table presents the structures with spans greater than 100 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Major footbridges

Notes and references 
 Notes

 

 

 

 Others references

See also 

 Transport in Switzerland
 Motorways of Switzerland
 Rail transport in Switzerland
 Geography of Switzerland
 List of rivers of Switzerland
 List of Aare bridges in Bern
 List of bridges over the Rhine
 :de:Liste der gedeckten Brücken in der Schweiz  - List of covered bridges in Switzerland
 :de:Liste der höchsten Brücken in der Schweiz  - List of highest bridges in Switzerland
 List of bridges by river: de:Albula, de:Alpenrhein, de:Areuse, de:Birs, de:Dünnern, de:Engelberger Aa, de:Ergolz, de:Furkareuss, de:Glâne, de:Glatt (Rhein), de:Glatt (Thur), de:Glenner, de:Julia, de:Kleine Emme, de:Landquart, de:Landwasser, de:Limmat, de:Linth, de:Alte Lorze, de:Lorze, de:Medelser Rhein, de:Mentue, de:Muota, de:Murg (Thur), de:Necker, de:Plessur, de:Rabiusa, de:Reuss, de:Seez, de:Sense, de:Sihl, de:Sitter, de:Sorne, de:Suhre, de:Tamina, de:Thur, de:Töss, de:Valser Rhein, de:Vorderrhein, de:Waldemme, de:Weissemme, de:Wigger, de:Wyna, de:Zürichsee

External links

Further reading 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Switzerland
 
Bridges
Bridges
Simonini Mini 2 Evo. The Simonini Mini 2 Evo is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Mini 2 Evo is a single cylinder two-stroke, air-cooled, petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.3:1 or 3.0:1. It employs capacitor discharge ignition and produces  at 8000 rpm.

Applications
Paraavis Vityaz

Specifications (Mini 2 Evo)

See also

References

External links

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Simonini Mini 2 Plus. The Simonini Mini 2 Plus is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Mini 2 Plus is a single cylinder two-stroke, air-cooled, petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.3:1 and 2.4:1. It employs capacitor discharge ignition and produces  at 7200 rpm.

Applications
AEF Monotrace
Dynamic Sport Climber
Paraavis Vityaz
Sperwill 2+
Time To Fly Backplane SL
Walkerjet Simon

Specifications (Mini 2 Plus)

See also

References

External links

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Simonini Mini 3. The Simonini Mini 3 is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Mini 3 is a single cylinder twin-cylinder, two-stroke, air liquid-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.49:1, 2.57:1 and 2.76:1. It employs electronic ignition and produces  at 7000 rpm.

Applications
AEF Monotrace
Sperwill 3+
 Rev UL Trike

Specifications (Mini 3)

See also

References

External links

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Simonini Mini 4. The Simonini Mini 4 is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Mini 4 is a single cylinder two-stroke, air-cooled, petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.56:1 and 2.78:1. It employs capacitor discharge ignition electronic ignition and produces  at 7200 rpm.

Specifications (Mini 4)

See also

References

External links

Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Simonini Victor 1 Super. The Simonini Victor 1 Super is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Victor 1 Super is a single cylinder two-stroke, liquid-cooled, petrol engine design, with a poly V belt reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.70:1, 2.80:1 and 3.00:1. It employs dual capacitor discharge ignition electronic ignition and produces  at 6200 rpm.

Specifications (Victor 1 Super)

See also

References

External links

Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Simonini Victor 2. The Simonini Victor 2 is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Victor 2 is a twin cylinder, in-line, two-stroke, liquid-cooled, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.54:1 to 4.00:1. It employs  dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces  at 6200 rpm.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Greg Garland. Greg C. Garland is an American businessman in oil and natural gas and chemicals industries, the executive chairman (and former CEO) of Phillips 66.

Early life
Greg Garland received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University in 1980.

Career
Garland joined Phillips Petroleum Company in 1980, first as an engineer for the plastics technical center, later became a sales engineer for plastics resins, then manager for advanced materials, business development director and olefins manager for chemicals.

From 1992 to 1994, he managed the K-Resin business unit at Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. From 1995 to 1997 he was general manager of Natural Gas Liquids and since 1997 a general manager of Qatar and Middle East. From July 2000 to October 2001 he was senior vice president of planning and strategic transactions, and from October 2001 to April 2008 senior vice president of planning and specialty products/chemicals. From April 2008 to February 2011 he was CEO of Chevron Phillips Chemical.

From October 2010 to April 2012 he was the senior vice president of exploration and production for Americas at ConocoPhillips. From April 30, 2012 to June 2014 he was the president and since April 2012, chairman and CEO of Phillips 66 and its subsidiaries the Phillips 66ers Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC, Phillips 66 Partners GP LLC and Phillips 66 Partners LP. Since 2013, he has been director of Amgen Inc.

Political appointments
He sits on the board of the American Petroleum Institute, the board for National Petroleum Council, the Greater Houston Partnership, the Engineering Advisory Board for Texas A&M University. He is a director of DCP Midstream Partners, LLC, a director of the American Chemistry Council Inc and vice president at the trade association of the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers.

Personal life
Garland is married, with four children.

References

Living people
American chief executives of energy companies
American chief executives of Fortune 500 companies
American chemical industry businesspeople
American businesspeople in the oil industry
Year of birth missing (living people)
Simonini Victor 2 Super. The Simonini Victor 2 Super is an Italian aircraft engine, designed and produced by Simonini Racing of San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The Victor 2 Super is a twin in-line cylinder two-stroke, liquid-cooled, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with reduction ratios of 2.54:1 to 4.00:1. It employs  dual capacitor discharge ignition and produces  at 6200 rpm.

Specifications (Victor 2 Super)

See also

References

External links

Simonini aircraft engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Nizar Al-Adsani. Nizar Mohammed Al-Adsani is a Kuwaiti businessman and former deputy-chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation.

Education 
Al-Adsani has a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from South Dakota State University.

Career 
Al-Adsani started his career at Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) in 1984. Beginning as a mechanical engineer, he held various positions, rising to superintendent, engineering projects in 1993, head of operational planning in 1997 and general superintendent, project management in 1999. At Kuwait Petroleum Company (KPC) he became manager of planning & investment coordination upstream, switching companies and positions in 1999 and staying until 2004. In 2004 he then was named executive director for business administration at Al-Khafji Joint Operations (KJO) and became a member of the joint operating committee. He was later promoted to deputy managing director at the Kuwait Gulf Oil Company in November 2007 and became a Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company's board member in the same year. He was also appointed deputy managing director for Al-Khafji Joint Operations and became a member of the joint executive committee (JEC). Two years later, in October 2009, Al-Adsani was appointed chairman of the Joint Operating Committee at KJO. He held the position until 2011. In 2011 he became a board member of the Kuwait Gulf Operation Committee (KGOC) and from 2011 to 2013 he served as chairman and managing director of Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC).

Al-Adsani was the deputy chairman and chief executive officer of Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) from May 2013 to December 2018.

Al-Adsani comments on the developments within KPC and energy sector related developments. He speaks at conferences.

References

Living people
Kuwaiti businesspeople
Kuwaiti chief executives
21st-century Kuwaiti businesspeople
South Dakota State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Simonini Racing. Simonini Racing S.r.l. is an Italian automotive and aircraft engine manufacturer based in San Dalmazio di Serramazzoni. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of small engines and racing conversion kits for motorcycles and microlight aircraft.

Simonini Racing is organized as a Società a responsabilità limitata, an Italian limited liability company.

The company produces a line of small engines, racing conversion kits, mufflers and parts. Their aircraft engines are all one and two cylinder two-stroke designs and include the 200cc, Mini 2 Evo, Mini 2 Plus, Mini 3, Mini 4 Victor 1 Super, Victor 2 and the Victor 2 Super.

The company's small and lightweight engines have been widely used in smaller ultralight aircraft and especially ultralight trikes such as the AEF Monotrace and powered paragliders, such as the Dynamic Sport Climber Fresh Breeze Simonini, Paraavis Vityaz, Sperwill 2+, Sperwill 3+, Time To Fly Backplane SL and the Walkerjet Simon.

Engines

References

External links
 for ground vehicle engines and components
 for aircraft engines

Aircraft engine manufacturers of Italy
Simonini aircraft engines
Automatic Certificate Management Environment. The Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol is a communications protocol for automating interactions between certificate authorities and their users' servers, allowing the automated deployment of public key infrastructure at very low cost. It was designed by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) for their Let's Encrypt service.

The protocol, based on passing JSON-formatted messages over HTTPS, has been published as an Internet Standard in  by its own chartered IETF working group.

Client implementations 

The ISRG provides free and open-source reference implementations for ACME: certbot is a Python-based implementation of server certificate management software using the ACME protocol, and boulder is a certificate authority implementation, written in Go.

Since 2015 a large variety of client options have appeared for all operating systems.

API versions

API version 1 
API v1 specification was published on April 12, 2016. It supports issuing certificates for fully-qualified domain names, such as example.com or cluster.example.com, but not wildcards like *.example.com. Let's Encrypt turned off API v1 support on 1 June 2021.

API version 2 
API v2 was released March 13, 2018 after being pushed back several times. ACME v2 is not backwards compatible with v1. Version 2 supports wildcard domains, such as *.example.com, allowing for many subdomains to have trusted TLS, e.g. https://cluster01.example.com, https://cluster02.example.com, https://example.com, on private networks under a single domain using a single shared "wildcard" certificate. A major new requirement in v2 is that requests for wildcard certificates require the modification of a Domain Name Service TXT record, verifying control over the domain.

Changes to ACME v2 protocol since v1 include:

 The authorization/issuance flow has changed
 JWS request authorization has changed
 The "resource" field of JWS request bodies is replaced by a new JWS header: "url"
 Directory endpoint/resource renaming
 URI → URL renaming in challenge resources
 Account creation and ToS agreement are combined into one step. Previously, these were two steps.
 A new challenge type was implemented, TLS-ALPN-01. Two earlier challenge types, TLS-SNI-01 and TLS-SNI-02, were removed because of security issues.

See also
 Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol, a previous attempt at an automated certificate deployment protocol.

References

External links 
 
 List of ACME clients at Let's Encrypt
 List of commonly used ACME clients via acmeclients.com

Public key infrastructure
Internet security
Cryptographic protocols
Secure communication
Raleigh Water Works and E.B. Bain Water Treatment Plant. Raleigh Water Works and E.B. Bain Water Treatment Plant is a historic water works complex located at Raleigh, North Carolina. The original section was built in 1941, with additions made about 1946–1947, and in the 1960s.  The
complex includes the shell of the original one-story, brick pump house (1887 with 1923 alterations); the one-story, brick filter house (1887); and the Art Deco treatment plant (1939-1940) with adjacent settling basins. The main block of the treatment plant is a three-story, three-bay wide mass topped by a hipped, battened metal roof, with flanking stepped back two-story sections. Also on the property are three storage reservoirs for treated water, dating from 1887, 1940 and the 1950s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

References 

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Art Deco architecture in North Carolina
Industrial buildings completed in 1887
Buildings and structures in Raleigh, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Raleigh, North Carolina
1887 establishments in North Carolina
Brick buildings and structures in North Carolina
Raleigh Electric Company Power House. Raleigh Electric Company Power House, also known as the Carolina Power and Light Power House, is a historic power station located at Raleigh, North Carolina. It was built in 1910, and is a triparte, gable-front steel framed common bond brick building.  It consists of two original two-story blocks and a one-story replacement block built in 1930. It was originally built to power Raleigh's electric street car system.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

References 

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Industrial buildings completed in 1910
Buildings and structures in Raleigh, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Raleigh, North Carolina
1910 establishments in North Carolina
Brick buildings and structures in North Carolina
Stone flaming. Stone flaming or thermaling is the application of high temperature to the surface of stone to make it look like natural weathering.  The sudden application of a torch to the surface of stone causes the surface layer to expand and flake off, exposing rough stone.    

Flaming works well on granite, because granite is made up of minerals with differing heat expansion rates.

Process

After removing a rock from a quarry, the rock is sliced into multiple flat slabs using a diamond gang saw.  The saw leaves flat surfaces with circular marks.   Flaming is done by wetting, and then running an oxygen-acetylene or oxygen-propane torch over the surface. As shown in both pictures, the torch is usually held at a 45-degree angle to the stone, so that released glowing sand grains are blown away in a harmless direction.

Alternatives
Alternative techniques for creating a rough surface on sawed stone include:

 bush hammering 
 sandblasting
 hydrofinishing

See also

References

External links
Stone surfaces, photos of various surface treatments
Palowy Stone, photos of stone flaming
Understanding Flagstone: Sawcut, Thermaled, and Chiseled Edges
Photos of hydrofinishing

Stonemasonry
Crossrail Place. Crossrail Place is a complex built in the North Dock of the West India Docks in London's Canary Wharf, as part of the railway project Crossrail. It contains Canary Wharf railway station and was partly opened on 1 May 2015. Architect Magazine described Crossrail Place as an "enormous, ship-like building", and its roof is the largest timber project in the United Kingdom. It was designed by Foster + Partners and Arup. It rises from the Import Dock (North Dock) of West India Docks.

The complex has shops and a cinema, as well as a roof garden, which is open to the public. The garden includes specimens from the Eastern and Western hemispheres, organized in reference to a meridian line.

Awards and accreditations  
The design and development of Crossrail Place won several international and United Kingdom awards. Selected notable awards include:
 “Best Urban Regeneration Project” at 2016 MIPIM awards in France,
 the first prize for the best “Innovative Design of a Contemporary Garden” at the 2017 European Garden Awards in Berlin,
 Crossrail Place Roof Garden received a Highly Commended accolade at the 2016 Landscape Institute Awards in the category “Design for a Small-Scale Development”,
 “Transport and Infrastructure” award at the 2016 New London Awards,
 “London Infrastructure civil engineering award” by Institution of Civil Engineers in 2014.

References

External links
 

2015 establishments in England
Commercial buildings completed in 2015
Foster and Partners buildings
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Railway buildings and structures
Canary Wharf buildings
Roof gardens
Canary Wharf
Artificial islands of England
Lloyd 40.05. 

The Lloyd 40.05 (a.k.a. Type FJ - Flugzeug Jäger - aircraft hunter) was a very unorthodox experimental fighter/reconnaissance biplane produced by Lloyd (Ungarische Lloyd Flugzeug und Motorenfabrik AG / Magyar Lloyd Repülőgép és motorgyár Részvény-Társaság) in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the First World War.

Specifications (Lloyd 40.05)

References

External links
 World War One Aviation: Austrian Experimental Aircraft 
1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Arabis (disambiguation). Arabis may refer to:
 Arabis, a flowering plant genus
 Arabis-class sloop, the third class of minesweeping sloops of the Royal Navy in World War I
 HMNZS Arabis (K 385), a Royal New Zealand Navy corvette
 HMS Arabis, various ships of the Royal Navy
 1087 Arabis, a minor planet
 Arabis or Arabius, ancient name for the Hub River
Low-level design. Low-level design (LLD) is a component-level design process that follows a step-by-step refinement process. This process can be used for designing data structures, required software architecture, source code and ultimately, performance algorithms. Overall, the data organization may be defined during requirement analysis and then refined during data design work. Post-build, each component is specified in detail.

The LLD phase is the stage where the actual software components are designed.

During the detailed phase the logical and functional design is done and the design of application structure is developed during the high-level design phase.

Design phase 
A design is the order of a system that connects individual components. Often, it can interact with other systems. Design is important to achieve high reliability, low cost, and good maintain-ability.
We can distinguish two types of program design phases:

 Architectural or high-level design
 Detailed or low-level design

Structured flow charts and HIPO diagrams typify the class of software design tools and these provide a high-level overview of a program. The advantages of such a design tool are that it yields a design specification understandable to non-programmers and provides a good pictorial display of the module dependencies.

A disadvantage is that it may be difficult for software developers to go from a graphic-oriented representation of software design to implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide little insight into the algorithmic structure describing procedural steps to facilitate the early stages of software development, generally using Program Design Languages (PDLs).

Purpose 
The goal of LLD or a low-level design document (LLDD) is to give the internal logical design of the actual program code. Low-level design is created based on the high-level design. LLD describes the class diagrams with the methods and relations between classes and program specs. It describes the modules so that the programmer can directly code the program from the document.

A good low-level design document makes the program easy to develop when proper analysis is utilized to create a low-level design document. The code can then be developed directly from the low-level design document with minimal debugging and testing.
Other advantages include lower cost and easier maintenance.

References

Design
Software design