omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. The IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers covering research on signal processing. It was established in 1953 as the IRE Transactions on Audio, renamed to IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics in 1966 and to IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing in 1974, before obtaining its current name in 1992. The journal is abstracted and indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.4. The editor-in-chief is Wing-Kin (Ken) Ma (Chinese University of Hong Kong).

See also
IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

References

External links 
 

Engineering journals
Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on
Biweekly journals
Academic journals established in 1953
English-language journals
Signal processing journals
Lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate. Lutetium–yttrium oxyorthosilicate, also known as LYSO, is an inorganic chemical compound with main use as a scintillator crystal for gamma radiation detection. Its chemical formula is Lu2(1-x)Y2xSiO5. The percentage of yttrium varies considerably, with values in the literature ranging from 5% to 70%. It is commonly used to build screens and electromagnetic calorimeters in particle physics. LYSO crystals have the advantages of high light output and density, quick decay time, excellent energy resolution. The crystals are often grown in boules using the Czochralski process, and cutting or polishing can be challenging because LYSO is brittle and hard.

Intrinsic Radiation in Gamma Spectroscopy
LYSO scintillators contain naturally occurring 176Lu, a radioactive isotope of lutetium that undergoes beta decay, emitting gamma radiation at 88 keV, 202 keV, and 307 keV. This intrinsic activity introduces background signals that can interfere with low-energy gamma detection, making LYSO less suitable for applications requiring ultra-low background noise. However, the intrinsic peaks can be used for energy calibration and gain stabilization, and advanced signal processing techniques—such as background subtraction, energy windowing, or coincidence timing discrimination—can help mitigate these effects, allowing LYSO to remain a viable choice for mid-to-high-energy gamma.

References

Phosphors and scintillators
Crystals
Silicates
Lutetium compounds
Yttrium compounds
Cheryl Martin. Cheryl Martin is an American chemist who serves as the head of the Centre for Global Industries at the World Economic Forum (WEF). She was previously the deputy director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, an initiative of the United States Department of Energy, from 2012 to 2014. Martin was also the deputy director for Commercialization at the agency where she led ARPA-E's Technology-to-Market program, which helps breakthrough energy technologies succeed in the marketplace.

Biography
Cheryl Martin was raised in Massachusetts and attended the College of the Holy Cross, where she received a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in chemistry. She then went on to earn her Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She worked for twenty years with the Rohm and Haas Company, initially as a senior scientist and eventually serving as corporate vice president in 2007. She then joined Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers as an Executive-in-Residence during which time she was also the Acting CEO for Renmatix, a company that converts biomass into cellulosic sugars.

Martin joined the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Initiative ARPA-E as deputy director for Commercialization under then-director Arun Majumdar. After Majumdar resigned from the DOE, Martin was named acting-director in his place.

References

Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Obama administration personnel
United States Department of Energy
21st-century American chemists
21st-century American women scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
College of the Holy Cross alumni
American women chief executives
21st-century American women civil servants
V-STOL XC 2000T. The V-STOL XC 2000T is an American homebuilt and ultralight trainer aircraft that was designed and produced by V-STOL Aircraft of Fort Myers, Florida, introduced in the fall of 1997. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
A derivative of the Starflight XC2000, the aircraft features a wire-braced parasol wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration open cockpit with a windshield, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The XC 2000T is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by an inverted "V" kingpost, mounts large flaps and has a wing area of . The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  2si 460 two-stroke powerplant. The tailboom is an open Warren truss structure. Dual controls and an enclosed cabin were factory options.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, takeoff and landing roll with a  engine is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 100 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that three kits had been sold and two aircraft were completed and flying.

In March 2014 four examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although a total of seven had been registered at one time.

Specifications (XC 2000T)

References

XC 2000T
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Physiological Signal Based Security. Body Area Networks (BANs) are inherently cyber-physical systems which interact with the human body by using sensors to collect, process and communicate health data (vital signals, temperature, pressure) from the person. This information from the environment that is already being collected can be used to provide security to the BAN. 

Physiological Value based Security (PVS) uses the vital signals of the human body that is collected during health monitoring operation to provide usable security to BAN.

Properties of PVS 

For PVS to succeed the scheme developed should have the following properties:

 The keys provided by PVS for security are long and random (a basic requirement in any security protocol).
 Knowing the physiological signals at any time will not provide significant advantage in knowing the keys agreed upon in future executions of the scheme, i.e. time variance (required to prevent attacker from guessing future feature values from present ones).
 The physiological stimuli used for PVS is universally (ensures that sensors at different location can measure the same signal).
 Knowing the physiological value of one individual will not provide significant advantage in guessing the keys being agreed by sensors on another individual, i.e. distinctiveness.

Implementation of PVS using Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals  
Plethysmogram based Key Agreement protocol (PKA) uses PPG signals to provide PVS infrastructure to the BAN. It provides secure key agreement between two sensors that wish to communicate in a BAN. 

PKA has been divided into four basic steps as described in Figure 1:

References 

 
 
 

Security
Numaligarh Refinery. The Numaligarh Refinery is a division of Oil India Limited which is under the ownership of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It is located at Numaligarh, Golaghat district, Assam in India. Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) was a division of BPCL. It opened in 1999. The commercial production commenced from 1st October, 2000.

, it had a capacity of 3 million metric tonnes per year. In January 2019, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved plans to increase the refinery's capacity to 9 million metric tonnes per year.

References

External links 

 

Companies based in Assam
Oil refineries in India
Energy in Assam
Golaghat district
Bharat Petroleum buildings and structures
1999 establishments in Assam
PNTC Colleges. PNTC Colleges, formerly known as Philippine Nautical and Technological College, is a private, non-sectarian Higher Education Institution (HEI) and a Maritime Training Institution (MTI) in the Philippines.

As an HEI, PNTC Colleges offers Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT), Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering (BSMarE), Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration (BSCA), Bachelor of Science in Accountancy (BSA), Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology (BSAT), and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA), major in Marketing and Operations Management.

As an MTI, PNTC Colleges offers courses pursuant to the 1978 IMO Convention on the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), as amended.

History
Founded on April 18, 1994 by Atty. Hernani N. Fabia, PNTC Colleges was originally named as Philippine Nautical Training Institute or PNTI. Its primary purpose then was to provide basic and specialized courses pursuant to the 1978 International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW).

On December 6, 2001, PNTI became Philippine Nautical and Technological College with the intention to expand its primary purpose to operate as a maritime institution with three-fold functions, i.e., as a Maritime College, Maritime Training Center and a Seafarers Competency Assessment Center. The name change highlighted the expansion as PNTC began to offer college courses such as Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation and Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration.

On October 29, 2004, Philippine Nautical and Technological College was changed to simply PNTC Colleges, which has now become the official name.

References

External links
 

Private universities and colleges in the Philippines
Maritime colleges
Universities and colleges in Metro Manila
Universities and colleges in Cavite
Education in Intramuros
Education in Dasmariñas
1994 establishments in the Philippines
Educational institutions established in 1994
ERIL. ERIL (Entity-Relationship and Inheritance Language) is a visual language for representing the data structure of a computer system.
As its name suggests, ERIL is based on entity-relationship diagrams and class diagrams.
ERIL combines the relational and object-oriented approaches to data modeling.

Overview 
ERIL can be seen as a set of guidelines aimed at improving the readability of structure diagrams.
These guidelines were borrowed from DRAKON, a variant of flowcharts created within the Russian space program.
ERIL itself was developed by Stepan Mitkin.

The ERIL guidelines for drawing diagrams:
 Lines must be straight, either strictly vertical or horizontal.
 Vertical lines mean ownership (composition).
 Horizontal lines mean peer relationships (aggregation).
 Line intersections are not allowed.
 It is not recommended to fit the whole data model on a single diagram. Draw many simple diagrams instead.
 The same class (table) can appear several times on the same diagram.    
 Use the following standard symbols to indicate the type of the relationship.
 One-to-one: a simple line.
 One-to-many, two-way: a line with a "paw".
 One-to-many, one-way: an arrow.
 Many-to-many: a line with two "paws".    
 Do not lump together inheritance and data relationships.

Indexes 
A class (table) in ERIL can have several indexes.
Each index in ERIL can include one or more fields, similar to indexes in relational databases.
ERIL indexes are logical. They can optionally be implemented by real data structures.

Links 
Links between classes (tables) in ERIL are implemented by the so-called "link" fields.
Link fields can be of different types according to the link type:
 reference;
 collection of references.
    
Example: there is a one-to-many link between Documents and Lines. One Document can have many Lines. Then the Document.Lines field is a collection of references to the lines that belong to the document. Line.Document is a reference to the document that contains the line.

Link fields are also logical. They may or may not be implemented physically in the system.

Usage 

ERIL is supposed to model any kind of data regardless of the storage. 
The same ERIL diagram can represent data stored in a relational database, in a NoSQL database, XML file or in the memory.

ERIL diagrams serve two purposes.
The primary purpose is to explain the data structure of an existing or future system or component.
The secondary purpose is to automatically generate source code from the model.
Code that can be generated includes specialized collection classes, hash and comparison functions, data retrieval and modification procedures, SQL data-definition code, etc. Code generated from ERIL diagrams can ensure referential and uniqueness data integrity.
Serialization code of different kinds can also be automatically generated.
In some ways ERIL can be compared to object-relational mapping frameworks.

See also 
 Model-driven engineering
 UML
 Entity–relationship model
 Flowcharts
 Class diagram
 DRAKON

Notes 

Architecture description language
Data modeling languages
Data modeling diagrams
Diagrams
Knowledge representation
Specification languages
Software modeling language
Lossy Count Algorithm. The lossy count algorithm is an algorithm to identify elements in a data stream whose frequency exceeds a user-given threshold. The algorithm works by dividing the data stream into buckets for frequent items, but fill as many buckets as possible in main memory one time. The frequency computed by this algorithm is not always accurate, but has an error threshold that can be specified by the user. The run time and space required by the algorithm is inversely proportional to the specified error threshold; hence the larger the error, the smaller the footprint. 

The algorithm was created by computer scientists Rajeev Motwani and Gurmeet Singh Manku. It finds applications in computations where data takes the form of a continuous data stream instead of a finite data set, such as network traffic measurements, web server logs, and clickstreams.

Algorithm 

The general algorithm is as follows
Step 1: Divide the incoming data stream into buckets of width , where  is mentioned by user as the error bound (along with minimum support threshold = ).
Step 2: Increment the frequency count of each item according to the new bucket values. After each bucket, decrement all counters by 1.
Step 3: Repeat – Update counters and after each bucket, decrement all counters by 1.

References

Streaming algorithms
V-STOL Super Solution 2000. The V-STOL Super Solution 2000 is an American STOL homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Dick Turner and produced by V-STOL Aircraft Corporation of Fort Myers, Florida. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
Developed from the V-STOL Solution, the Super Solution 2000 was developed for flight training, recreational flying and crop dusting. It features a cable-braced parasol wing, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit without a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing uses a single surface high-lift airfoil, mounts flaps and has a wing area of . The cockpit width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  2si 460 two-stroke powerplant. Original factory options included a full cockpit enclosure and dual controls.

The Super Solution 2000 has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with a  engine is  and the landing roll is . The take-off speed while flying solo is.

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 100 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that six kits had been sold and two aircraft were completed and flying.

In March 2014 no examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although one had been registered at one time.

Specifications (Super Solution 2000)

References

Super Solution 2000
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
V-STOL Aircraft Corporation. V-STOL Aircraft Corporation (sometimes written VSTOL Aircraft Corporation) was an aircraft manufacturer based in Fort Myers, Florida, United States. The company was owned by Venezuela STOL Aircraft C.A. and specialized in the design and manufacture of STOL kit aircraft for the North American market.

History
The company was founded by Dick Turner as a subsidiary of Venezuela STOL Aircraft.  V-STOL Aircraft Corporation carried out prototype and development work in Florida and produced small aircraft orders there, while main production was located in Caracas. Venezuela STOL Aircraft also produced the Venezuela STOL XC Aglite agricultural aircraft based on V-STOL designs for the South American market and other developing nations.

V-STOL Aircraft was preceded by Turner's earlier company, Starflight Manufacturing Inc, which was a pioneering ultralight manufacturer founded in 1980. That company produced the Starflight TriStar and the Starflight DBL, the first tandem-seat ultralight trainer. Those designs provided the basis for later V-STOL Aircraft models.

Turner gained early fame in the ultralight community as the manager of the US Ultralight Team that competed at the 1985 World Microlight Championships in France.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Homebuilt aircraft
Seven Arches Bridge (Newport). The Seven Arches Bridge is a historic bridge in Newport, County Mayo, Ireland.

Built around 1892, the bridge is a seven span squared red sandstone structure with limestone detailing over the Black Oak River/Newport River. It carried the Achill branch of the Midland Great Western Railway line, with the last train running on this line in the autumn of 1937. It was recently restored as part of the Great Western Greenway, the longest off-road cycling & walking route in Ireland.

The bridge is listed as number 112 on the Record of Protected Structures for County Mayo.

Technical Details 
The single track viaduct has an overall length of  and width .  The seven segmental arches have a  span, with a rise of . The arch rings are . The bridge piers are  thick with pointed cutwaters. The cost of the viaduct was over £7,000.

The rail line over the viaduct was not opened until 1894 pending completion of a nearby tunnel.

References

External links

Railway bridges in the Republic of Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Mayo
Rail trail bridges
Biomaterials (journal). Biomaterials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on and applications of biomaterials. It is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Kam W. Leong  (Columbia University) and David Williams is an honorary editor. The journal was established in 1980.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 14.0.

See also
Materials Today
Acta Biomaterialia
Materials Science and Engineering C

References

External links

Elsevier academic journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 1985
English-language journals
Genius Project. Genius Project, now known as Cerri Project, is an enterprise project portfolio management (PPM) software developed by Cerri.com AG, based in Luzern, Switzerland, with offices in Montreal, Canada.

History 
Cerri Consulting Group was founded in 1986 by Patrice Cerri. In 1997, the company launched Genius Project, a PPM software initially designed for IBM users, and became an IBM Premium Partner. Following its successful entry into the North American market in 2002, the company expanded into Asia in 2006 and established partnerships with Salesforce and SAP. In 2014, the company rebranded as Cerri.com AG, reflecting its broader focus on enterprise project management solutions.

In 2021, Cerri.com AG introduced Cerri Work, a new project collaboration software, and launched its updated website, www.cerri.com. The following year, the company joined the Microsoft marketplace and rebranded Genius Project as Cerri Project, aligning its products under a unified brand.

Software 

Cerri Project is available as both web-based and on-premise software. It offers a comprehensive suite of tools to help companies manage projects, portfolios, tasks, resources, budgets, workflows, processes, and global planning.

See also 

 Comparison of project management software
 Project management software

References

External links 

 Official website

Project management software
Enterprise software
Beevers–Lipson strip. Beevers–Lipson strips were a computational aid for early crystallographers in calculating Fourier transforms to determine the structure of crystals from crystallographic data, enabling the creation of models for complex molecules. They were used from the 1930s until computers with enough power became generally available in the 1960s.

The technique was developed by C. Arnold Beevers (1908–2001), reader in crystallography at the University of Edinburgh, and Henry Lipson CBE FRS (1910–1991), Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. The approach converted the sizable calculations of multi-dimensional Fourier summations needed in crystallography analysis into sums of more manageable one-dimensional values. The folded card strips with numbers were typically stored in two wooden boxes, one for sines and one for cosines. Previously it was necessary to consult sine/cosine tables, a time-consuming process. The approach was used by the Nobel Prize winner Dorothy Hodgkin OM FRS (1910–1994). The technique is still used in modern computer programs.

See also
 X-ray crystallography

References

External links 

Crystallography
Mathematical tools
Fourier analysis
History of chemistry
History of the University of Edinburgh
University of Manchester