omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dibromo neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. Dibromo neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether is a brominated version of neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. It is an aliphatic organic chemical in  the glycidyl ether family that is used in epoxy resin formulations. It has the molecular formula C11H18Br2O4

Synthesis
The usual method of synthesis is to take brominated neopentyl glycol and react with epichlorohydrin using Lewis acid catalysis to form the halohydrin. This species is then reacted with sodium hydroxide to form the diglycidyl ether.

Uses
A key use of the material is reducing the viscosity of epoxy resins. As an epoxy modifier it is classed as a reactive diluent, which may then be formulated into CASE applications (coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers and composite materials). As it is an organobromine compound it is used to improve the Flame retardant properties of materials. Flame retardant coatings including powder coatings maybe produced.

Toxicity
There is a trend to try and formulate away from brominated species in general because of the toxicity of the smoke produced when heated.

Further reading

References 

Reactive diluents
Bromine compounds
Glycidyl ethers
Flame retardants
Manfred Bischof. Manfred Bischof (born 8 May 1973) is a Liechtenstein engineer and politician who served as the mayor of Vaduz from 2019 to 2023.

Life 
Bischof was born in Grabs, Switzerland. He attended school in Schaan from 1980 to 1985, and then secondary school in Vaduz. From 1993, he studied electronics and control technology at Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, where he graduated with an engineer diploma in 1996.

From 1997 to 2009 he worked at Hilti in Schaan. From 2009 to 2013 he worked at the noise and non-ionizing radiation protection at the Liechtenstein office for the environment, and from 2013 to 2019 head of the central services department and deputy head of the office for construction and infrastructure. From 2013 to 2019 Bischof was a member of the Vaduz municipal council. He was Mayor of Vaduz from 1 May 2019 to 1 May 2023. He is running for election to the Landtag of Liechtenstein in the 2025 Liechtenstein general election.

Personal life 
Bischof married Regula Feurer (born 1972) on 7 November 1997 and they had one child together, but they got divorced at an unspecified time. He then went on to marry Sandra Mätzler (born 3 April 1973) on 22 May 2013.

Honours 

 : Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein (2023)

References

Living people
1973 births
Liechtenstein engineers
People from Schaan
Politicians from Vaduz
Progressive Citizens' Party politicians
Mayors of Vaduz
21st-century mayors of places in Liechtenstein
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein
Sunny Consolvo. Sunny Consolvo is an American computer scientist who works on digital safety and human–computer interaction at Google Research.

Education and career
Consolvo received her Ph.D. in 2008 from the University of Washington Information School. Her dissertation, Designing and Evaluating a Persuasive Technology to Encourage Lifestyle Behavior Change, was supervised by David W. McDonald.

She co-founded e-commerce developer Propel in Silicon Valley, and worked for Intel in Seattle, Washington, before moving to her present position at Google.

Recognition
Consolvo was named to the CHI Academy in 2020. She was given the 2022 Distinguished Alumni Award of the University of Washington Information School.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Human–computer interaction researchers
University of Washington alumni
Google employees
RAF Beit Daras. Royal Air Force Beit Daras or more simply RAF Beit Daras is a former Royal Air Force station located in Bayt Daras, Israel.

History 
RAF Beit Daras was built in 1941 by the Royal Air Force in the British Mandate Palestine. It was used by the RAF’s De Havilland Mosquito bombers up until 1948 for supply flights. On the night of March 31, 1948 apart of The Czechoslovak Arms Deals, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster landed on the airfield as the first flight of Operation Balak to airlift the arms from Czechoslovakia to Israel. In 1949, the units were withdrawn from the airfield due to increasing anti-British resistance. After the war, the airfield was operated by the Israeli Air Force as an emergency landing ground for occasional manoeuvres.
After the war, the airfield was used as a one-time minor civil airfield known as Kiryat Gat or El-Faluja. Currently, there is no remnants of the airfield.

Layout 
On-site was two wooden hangars, two asphalt runways (NW/SE, 1,827 meters, N/W, 1,508 meters), and also a nearby power plant.

Units 
The followings units based at RAF Beit Daras at one point. 
 Satellite, RA Qastina, 11 Nov 1943 - unknown
 No 1434 Photographic Survey Flt, 24 May - 1 July 1943.
 HQ, No 283 Airborne Forces Wing, 1 Feb 1946 - 17 Jan 1947.

Operational Units 
 No. 203 Squadron RAF, 11 Nov 1943 - unknown
 64th and 66th Fighter Squadrons, 57th Fighter Group (only temporarily)
 66th Weapons Squadron, 19 August 1942 - 16 September 1942

References 

Beit Daras
Bundos Fara. Bundos Bansil Fara (born March 21 1965) is a Filipino metalworker who is noted for brass casting.

Background

Fara is a Tboli man in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. He comes from a lineage of metalworkers which includes his father and grandfather. The Tboli are customarily known for recycling metals such as broken agong (gongs) for their metalwork. The resulting work are either made of brass or an alloy of other materials such as brass, bronze, steel.

The technique of metalwork is called kem tau temwel. According to Tboli religion, the technique was bestowed to the Tboli by the metallurgy deity, Ginton.

References

1965 births
National Living Treasures of the Philippines
People from South Cotabato
Filipino metalsmiths
21st-century metalsmiths
20th-century metalsmiths
Living people
Byron Boots. Byron Boots is an American professor of machine learning and robotics. He is the Amazon Professor of Machine Learning at the University of Washington (UW). Boots is also the co-founder and chief executive officer of Overland AI, a technology startup.

Career
Boots received his Ph.D. from the Machine Learning Department at School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University under the advisory of Geoffrey J. Gordon. He later became an assistant professor at Georgia Institute of Technology.

He is currently the Amazon Professor of Machine Learning at the University of Washington. He was also a principal research scientist in the Seattle Robotics Lab at NVIDIA Research and co-chair of the Technical Committee on Robot Learning for the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society.

In 2022, Boots co-founded the technology startup Overland AI to develop off-road autonomous vehicles. In 2024, the U.S. Army and the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) jointly awarded the startup a $18.6 million contract to develop autonomy software for the Army's Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) program.

Boots has received several awards for his work on robotics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. They include the NSF CAREER award in 2018, the Robotics: Science and Systems (RSS) Early Career Award in 2020, and the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2022.

References

Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Living people
University of Washington faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications. The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) is a scientific user facility at Daresbury Laboratory. It is an electron linear accelerator (linac) currently under construction in the Electron Hall.

CLARA is made up of three phases; Phase 1 is operational and has achieved energies of 50 MeV with bunch charges >250 pC. Phase 2 is being constructed off-line and consists of three linacs delivering a total energy of up to 250 MeV, 250 pC beam charge at 100 Hz repetition rate. Phase 2 also consists of the Full Energy Beam Exploitation (FEBE) arc, a beamline which looks at plasma-wakefield acceleration, boosting the beam to energies of around 2 GeV for high energy experimentation. Phase 3 is future expansion for X-ray Free Electron Laser (X-FEL) construction. This 100 nm X-FEL is linked to the UK XFEL project.

History 

After beginning its decommission process in 2008, the Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) left space for construction of a new accelerator in the Electron Hall and Outer Hall. The booster ring bunker was taken down and replaced by a small electron beam facility and the linac bunker was repurposed into a linac test facility (LTF).

Several SRS end stations and beamlines were previously situated in the Electron Hall and in late 2011, construction began on the Electron Beam Test Facility (EBTF). The bunker was constructed between mid 2011 and mid 2012, and the beamline and accelerator components were installed in late 2012. By 2013, the EBTF became the Versatile Electron Linear Accelerator (VELA) and a conceptual design report for CLARA was released in July 2013. VELA was commissioned in 2013 and provided high-quality electron beams for several industrial and academic user groups.

In 2015 it was announced that CLARA was to be installed as part of the VELA beamline, sharing the same RF and laser infrastructure.

In 2016 work began on CLARA, with the gun end situated where the SRS booster-to-storage transfer line occupied, for the rest of the accelerator to span the length of the hall. Phase 1 was commissioned in 2017 and provided, along with VELA, high energy electron beams for scientific research. CLARA's first beam was achieved on 16 November 2017 with an energy of 48 MeV/c.

Properties 
CLARA is 90 m long, consists of 4 linacs, and the electron momentum varies across its length. Linac 1 is ~35 MeV/c, linac 2 is ~125 MeV/c, linac 3 is ~200 MeV/c, the 4th harmonic cavity is ~180 MeV/c and linac 4 is ~250 MeV/c. Each linac has its own high power klystron and modulator situated in rooms directly above.

CLARA has several operating modes;

References

External links 
 https://www.astec.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/CLARA.aspx
Particle accelerators
Particle physics facilities
Research institutes in Cheshire
Science and Technology Facilities Council
AVIC Baidi Type-B. The AVIC Baidi Type-B (白帝, lit. "White Emperor") is a fictional 6th generation stealth fighter spaceplane mock-up proposed by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and unveiled in November 2024. There were discussions under the pretense that Baidi is a non-fictional aircraft project. In reality, the Baidi model is a science fiction concept derived from an AVIC-sponsored alien invasion novel, which serves the purpose of generating enthusiasm for military development for Chinese youth.

History and reaction
In November 2024, AVIC released footage of a mockup of the “integrated space-air fighter”, named Baidi (White Emperor), which AVIC claims will be capable of operating in outer space. The mockup generated discussions in the West, with many news organizations speculating about its capabilities. Critics have pointed out that the claims about space operations lack evidence and were "dubious", with some doubting the aircraft's existence and comparing it to the fictional Darkstar aircraft from the movie Top Gun: Maverick.

According to Chinese sources, the fighter mock-up is derived from a science fiction novel and served as a marketing scheme to increase young people's interest in aviation development. However, commentaries also point out that, as AVIC backed the project, the Baidi could be representative of the vision and technological trend that the Chinese aviation industry was pursuing.

References

Proposed aircraft of China
Fictional aircraft
Science fiction
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Stealth aircraft
Twinjets
2024 hoaxes
China Academic Library and Information System. The China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS; ) is a resource sharing system for library consortium cooperation in China. The system was initiated in 1998 and constructed in several phases, but has been in operation since 2001 when the first phase has been completed.

History 
In the 1990s, China's library automation program began to take off. The Ministry of Education (MOE) decided to build a public resource sharing system under the "211 Project", and CALIS and CERNET came into being. The MOE appointed Peking University to be in charge of CALIS and Tsinghua University to be in charge of CERNET.

In November 1998, the National Development Planning Commission (NDPC) officially approved the construction of the CALIS project. As of July 2001, the first phase of CALIS was checked and accepted by the MOE, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and the Ministry of Finance (MOF). In September 2002, the MOE, the NDRC and the MOF decided to combine the CALIS Phase II construction with the Chinese-America Digital Academic Library. The CALIS Phase II was checked and accepted in August 2006. This was followed by the Phase III that began in 2008 and was accepted in 2012. Since 2013, CALIS has been receiving long-term funding from the MOE to support operations.

Services 
As one of the largest resource sharing systems in the world, CALIS incorporates information from a wide range of libraries and institutions. Through information sharing, CALIS has reached out to less developed provinces such as Jilin, where 94% of the universities have joined CALIS as of CALIS Phase III.

As of 2010, CALIS has four national centers located at Peking University, Tsinghua University, Peking University Medical School, and China Agricultural University. There is also a regional center for seven regions, located at Jilin University (Northeast Regional Center), Nanjing University (East China Regional Center), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Southeast China Regional Center), Sun Yat-sen University (South China Regional Center), Wuhan University (Central China Regional Center), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Northwest Regional Center), and Sichuan University (Southwest Regional Center).

References

External links 

 

1998 establishments in China
Library consortia
Dipentaerythritol. Dipentaerythritol is an organic compound with the formula . The molecular structure can be described as the ether derivative of pentaerythritol.  It is therefore a polyol, which are useful in the production of alkyd resins.  The compound is a by product in the production of pentaerythritol but also can be prepared intentionally from the latter:

Several thousand tons are produced annually.

Further condensations are possible, yielding tripentaerythritol, etc.

Safety
The LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral).

See also
 Trimethylolethane
 Trimethylolpropane

References

Alkanols
Fayid Air Base. Fayid Air Base is an Air base of the Egyptian Air Force located west of Fayed, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt and  south of Ismailia (Al Isma`iliyah) and  northeast of Cairo. It was formerly RAF Fayid, a Royal Air Force station operational from 1942.

The base is home to both 86 and 88 Squadrons of 282 Tactical Fighter Wing of 149 Air Division, both squadrons fly the General Dynamics F-16C/D-40 Fighting Falcon.

History

During the Second World War, it was used as a military airfield by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces during the North African campaign against Axis forces.

Fayid was also the site of Camp Fayed, a significant internment camp of Italian Egyptians managed by the British authorities.

USAAF Ninth Air Force units which used the airfield were:

 98th Bombardment Group, 11 November 1942 – 9 February 1943 Consolidated B-24 Liberator
 316th Troop Carrier Group, January–May 1943. Douglas C-47 Skytrain

After the immediate postwar rundown of RAF units in the Mediterranean, RAF Fayid became the home of No. 13 Squadron RAF flying de Havilland Mosquitoes. Later it was joined by No. 39 Squadron RAF, with night fighter Mosquitos, and No. 208 Squadron RAF with fighter-reconnaissance Supermarine Spitfire XVIIIs. By 1952 it was the main transport staging post in the Canal Zone and also had five Vickers Valetta (MRT) Squadrons inc. 70, 78, 114 and 216. Along with the other RAF stations in Egypt, it was evacuated by April 1956.

The following squadrons were here at some point:
 No. 6 Squadron RAF, No. 13 Squadron RAF, No. 14 Squadron RAF, No. 37 Squadron RAF, No. 38 Squadron RAF, No. 39 Squadron RAF, No. 70 Squadron RAF, No. 76 Squadron RAF, No. 78 Squadron RAF, No. 84 Squadron RAF, No. 92 (East India) Squadron RAF, No. 108 Squadron RAF, No. 112 Squadron RAF, No. 114 (Hong Kong) Squadron RAF, No. 147 Squadron RAF, No. 159 Squadron RAF, No. 160 Squadron RAF, No. 178 Squadron RAF, No. 204 Squadron RAF, No. 208 Squadron RAF, No. 215 Squadron RAF, No. 216 Squadron RAF, No. 454 Squadron RAAF, No. 458 Squadron RAAF, No. 462 Squadron RAAF, No. 651 Squadron RAF, No. 683 Squadron RAF

Fayid was then used by the Egyptian Air Force until the 1980s when the airfield was upgraded (with support from the USAF) to accommodate the most recent sale of F-16 aircraft to Egypt by the U.S. Transatlantic Programs Center (TAC). The new Fayid Air Base now accommodates the 86th and 88th Tactical Fighter Squadrons of the 282nd Tactical Fighter Wing, flying F-16C/D Block 40s.

See also
 List of former Royal Air Force stations
 List of North African airfields during World War II

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links
 Royal Navy Research Archive - RNARY Fayid
 Royal Air Force Airfield Creation for the Western Desert Campaign

Egyptian Air Force bases
Shiro Nukiyama. Shiro Nukiyama (March 15, 1896 – July 2, 1983) was a Japanese mechanical engineer and discoverer of the Nukiyama Curve. His older brother was the electrical engineer Heiichi Nukiyama.

Biography
Born in Tokyo, he entered the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo). After graduating in 1920, he became involved in research into boiling in boilers and other equipment. In 1926, he became a professor at Tohoku Imperial University (now Tohoku University) where he taught.

He later earned a doctorate in engineering and became a professor emeritus at the same university in 1959. He also served as chairman of the Heat Transfer Society of Japan in 1963 and later served as an advisor to Toyota Motor Corporation and Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd., receiving many awards.

Family
His father was a former Kaga feudal lord and patent attorney. His eldest brother, Heiichi Nukiyama, was a professor at Tohoku Imperial University, and his third brother, Daizo Nukiyama, was a professor at Tokyo Imperial University. His wife was Heiichi's wife's younger sister and graduated from Japan Women's University. His son, Shiro, later married Eiko Nukiyama, who served as a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan.

Awards and honors
 Max Jacob Prize - awarded in 1968. Known as the " Nobel Prize of thermal engineering", Shiro was the first Japanese man to receive this award.
 Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class - Awarded in 1969.

References

Japanese scientists
1896 births
1983 deaths
Academic staff of Tohoku University
Lucy Zhang. Lucy T. Zhang is an American mechanical engineer whose research concerns computational mechanics, including problems involving solid-liquid interfaces, multi-scale simulation, and biomechanics. She is a professor in the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where she also serves as associate dean for research innovations, partnerships, and workforce development.

Zhang graduated from Binghamton University in New York State in 1997. She continued her studies at Northwestern University, where she received a master's degree and completed her Ph.D. She became an assistant professor at Tulane University in New Orleans, from 2003 until 2006, when Hurricane Katrina led to the shutdown of many university programs including the mechanical engineering department; she then moved to her present position at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She has also served as a program director at the National Science Foundation before returning to her faculty position at Rensselaer.

She was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2020.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Women mechanical engineers
Binghamton University alumni
Northwestern University alumni
Tulane University faculty
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
United States National Science Foundation officials
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Patricia Hunt (chemist). Patricia Anne Hunt is a New Zealand chemist, and is a full professor at Victoria University of Wellington, specialising in ionic bonds in liquids. In 2024 Hunt was awarded one of two New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowships by the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Academic career

Hunt completed a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science in physics and chemistry, a Bachelor of Arts in politics and philosophy, and a PhD titled Jahn-Teller Distortions in Molecules Containing Group 15 Elements at the University of Auckland. Hunt then undertook postdoctoral research at King's College London and Cambridge University. She was awarded a UK Royal Society University Research Fellowship, which she used to work at Imperial College London. She was made Professor of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry at Imperial in 2018, and moved to Victoria University of Wellington in 2020.

Hunt researches the structure and chemical bonds in solvents and ionic liquids. In 2022 she received a Marsden grant to model the structure of ionic liquids.

Hunt is an associate investigator in the MacDiarmid Institute for Advance Materials and Nanotechnology.

Honours and awards 
In 2011 Hunt received a President's Award for Excellence in Teaching at Imperial, and in 2015 she was awarded a prize for her research supervision. In November 2024 the Royal Society Te Apārangi awarded Hunt one of two inaugural New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowships. The fellowship was awarded for work "to use quantum chemical modelling to investigate ionic liquid micro-propulsion systems for mini satellites".

Selected works

References

External links

 Hunt talking about VUW-SNAP a Network Hub for Simulation, Numerical methods, Analytics and Programming, 24 April 2024

New Zealand academics
New Zealand women academics
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
University of Auckland alumni
New Zealand chemists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academics of Imperial College London
Recipients of Marsden grants