omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wael Saqqa. Wael Saqqa (born 1956) is a Jordanian architect, and Chairman of the Jordan Engineering Association. He is the secretary general of Jordanian Islamic Action Front (IAF).

Career
The Jordan Engineers Association (JEA) established an "international commission" to help rebuild Gaza. A JEA delegation assessed the situation in Gaza.

He is on the Industry advisory board, of the German-Jordanian University.
He commented on Royal Dutch Shell planned extraction of oil from oil shale, and water supplies in Jordan.

He is Chairman of the Board of Almehanya Real Estate Investments.

Gaza flotilla
He was one of fifteen Jordanians who were passengers in the Gaza flotilla raid.

References

Jordanian architects
1956 births
Living people
Jordanian Islamists
Vatti clipping algorithm. The Vatti clipping algorithm is used in computer graphics. It allows clipping of any number of arbitrarily shaped subject polygons by any number of arbitrarily shaped clip polygons. Unlike the Sutherland–Hodgman and Weiler–Atherton polygon clipping algorithms, the Vatti algorithm does not restrict the types of polygons that can be used as subjects or clips. Even complex (self-intersecting) polygons, and polygons with holes can be processed. The algorithm is generally applicable only in 2D space.

Description
Clipping is defined as the interaction of subject and clip  polygons. While clipping usually involves finding the intersections (regions of overlap) of subject and clip polygons, clipping algorithms can also be applied with other boolean clipping operations: difference, where the clipping polygons remove overlapping regions from the subject; union, where clipping returns the regions covered by either subject or clip polygons, and; xor, where clipping returns the regions covered by either subject or clip polygons except where they are covered by both subject and clip polygons.

The Vatti algorithm involves processing both subject and clipping polygon edges in an orderly fashion, starting with the lowermost edges and working towards the top; this is conceptually similar to the Bentley–Ottmann algorithm. This sweep line approach divides the problem space by scanlines, imaginary horizontal lines that pass through every vertex of the participating polygons. These scanlines outline scanbeams – the spaces between adjacent scanlines. These scanbeams are processed in turn, starting with the lowest scanbeam, with the algorithm adding points of intersection within these scanbeams into the solution polygons.

See also
Martinez-Rueda_clipping_algorithm
Greiner–Hormann clipping algorithm
Sutherland–Hodgman clipping algorithm
Weiler–Atherton clipping algorithm
Boolean operations on polygons

References

External links
 Clipper, an open-source freeware implementation of the Vatti algorithm

Polygon clipping algorithms
Akaflieg München Mü16. The Akaflieg München Mü16  was a glider that was designed in Germany from  1938.

Development 
With a quoted L/D of 50 and min. sink of 0.4 m/s (79 ft/m) @ 52 km/h (32 mph) the Mü16 would have been one of the highest performance gliders in the world circa 1938, if it had been built. The 25m(82 ft 1in) high aspect ratio, four section, thin wings would have sat on top of a rhomboidal section fuselage housing the pilot lying in a prone position, to reduce frontal area and thus drag. Instruments were to have been viewed via a mirror to reduce stress on the pilots neck.

Air brakes were to be fitted to the rear fuselage sides because the wings were too thin and filled with structural parts leaving little room for the mechanism, as well as reducing stress points and thus structural weight. Unfortunately the aerodynamic equations used to calculate the proposed performance have been lost so the ambitious claims cannot be verified, in any event the technology available in 1938 would have made building the Mü16, and achieving the extraordinary performance claimed, extremely difficult.

Specifications (Mü16)

See also

References

 

1930s German sailplanes
Mu16
List of preserved Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST locomotives. This table details the steam locomotives of the Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST class that have been preserved on heritage railways. Of the 484 'Austerities' constructed, around 70 have survived into preservation, often referred to by enthusiasts as "Buckets".

Although the Hunslet Engine Company were responsible for the design, not all of these locomotives were built by the company.  In order to meet wartime demand, Hunslet subcontracted some of the construction to Andrew Barclay Sons & Co., W. G. Bagnall, Hudswell Clarke, Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns and the Vulcan Foundry.

Several have been painted as LNER Class J94s to represent mainline rather than industrial use.
Not all have survived intact; the boiler of RSH 7135 of 1944 was used on the replica Broad gauge locomotive "Iron Duke" built in 1985.  One has been turned into a Thomas the Tank Engine lookalike, and another into one of Douglas, also from The Railway Series.

The Scottish Railway Preservation Society have formed an Austerity Locomotive Owners Association (A.L.O.A.) with the aim of being a central point for owners of Austerity locomotives to share information and assistance.

List of locomotives

References

External links 

Preserved UK Railway Locomotives Database

Lists of locomotives and rolling stock preserved on heritage railways in England
0-6-0ST locomotives
Austerity preserved
War Department locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1943
Railway locomotive-related lists
RoboCup 2D Soccer Simulation League. The RoboCup 2D Simulated Soccer League is the oldest of the RoboCup Soccer Simulation Leagues.  It consists of a number of competitions with computer simulated soccer matches as the main event.

There are no physical robots in this league but spectators can watch the action on a large screen, which looks like a giant computer game. Each simulated robot player may have its own play strategy and characteristic and every simulated team actually consists of a collection of programs. Many computers are networked together in order for this competition to take place.

Rules
In the 2D Simulation League, two teams of eleven autonomous software programs (called agents) each play soccer in a two-dimensional virtual soccer stadium represented by a central server, called SoccerServer. This server knows everything about the game, i.e. the current position of all players and the ball, the physics and so on. The game further relies on the communication between the server and each agent. On the one hand each player receives relative and noisy input of his virtual sensors (visual, acoustic and physical) and may on the other hand perform some basic commands (like dashing, turning or kicking) in order to influence its environment.

The big challenge in the Simulation League is to conclude from all possible world states (derived from the sensor input by calculating a sight on the world as absolute and noise-free as possible) to the best possible action to execute. As a game is divided into 6000 cycles this task has to be accomplished in time slot of 100 ms (the length of each cycle).

Results

Teams reaching the top four

Titles per country

Teams

See also
 RoboCup
 RoboCup Simulation League
 RoboCup 3D Soccer Simulation League

References

External links
 RoboCup Soccer Simulation League
 The RoboCup Soccer Simulator
 RoboCup Soccer Simulator Wiki
 Team Assistant for 3D Visualisation
 RoboCup Historical Data Repository (Log Files, Team Binaries...)
 The WrightEagle Team
 The Helios Team
 The Oxsy Team
 The Brainstormers Team
 The CMUnited Team
 The Gliders Team
  The Alice Team

RoboCup
Robot soccer competitions
Development Driller III. Development Driller III is a fifth generation, Vanuatu-flagged dynamic positioning semi-submersible ultra-deepwater drilling rig owned by Transocean and operated under lease agreements by various petroleum exploration and production companies worldwide. The vessel is capable of drilling in water depths up to  with drilling depth of , upgradeable to .

On 2 May 2010, Development Driller III started drilling a relief well on Macondo Prospect to stop massive oil spill caused by the explosion and subsequent loss of the Deepwater Horizon.

References

External links
Transocean official website
 Development Driller III current position at VesselTracker

2009 ships
Drilling rigs
Semi-submersibles
Ships built in Singapore
Transocean
Lockheed L-193 Constellation II. The Lockheed L-193 Constellation II was a jet airliner design concept, designed between 1949 and 1953 with a swept wing and engines mounted at the tail. An airliner and tanker version were developed. The latter, in an aerial refueling competition initiated by the United States Air Force (USAF), won and was preferred over the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker. Since the competing Boeing aircraft was ready to fly first, examples were ordered as an interim measure. They performed well enough that the L-193 was never ordered as a tanker, and airliner plans were dropped soon after.

Design and development 
The Lockheed L-193 jet was designed between 1949 and 1953. By comparison, Boeing started producing the prototype for the Boeing 707 after the design was completed in 1952. Lockheed sought input from Trans World Airlines for the airliner's requirements and several sub-variants were developed. It was a swept wing with the engines mounted at the tail. The same arrangement was later used by the Lockheed JetStar (1957),  Vickers VC-10 (1962), and Ilyushin Il-62 (1963). It was designed to be slightly smaller than the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 of the time. Lockheed used features seen in its previous designs, including tip tanks similar to the Lockheed Constellation and a double-deck fuselage similar to the Lockheed Constitution. The engines were also flush mounted to the fuselage, a feature dropped from most current jet designs.

In the wake of the Korean War, a competition was held in 1954 for a USAF aerial refueling tanker. A modified L-193 was chosen in 1955 to supplement the interim KC-135 tanker. The aircraft was designated "KCX-LO", and the first prototype would have been the XK-1. A prototype was ordered in February 1955. Air Force Secretary Harold E. Talbott ordered 250 KC-135 interim tankers while the selection winner was manufactured. The KC-135 was able to be delivered two years earlier than the Lockheed, and was able to be put into squadron service four years earlier. The orders for the Lockheed tanker were eventually dropped so the USAF would not have to support two separate tanker designs.

Lockheed never produced its jet airliner, instead producing the modestly-successful turboprop-powered Electra. Lockheed also produced the C-141 Starlifter jet cargo transport and an SST design, but did not produce a jet airliner until the L-1011 wide-body trijet. By contrast, Boeing had beat Lockheed by producing its prototype first, at its own expense, rather than waiting for the military contract, and would eventually dominate the market with a family of airliners based on the 707 and KC-135.

Specifications (L-193)

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Air Enthusiast 126 & Secret Projects - Postwar Secret Projects
 USAF AIRCRAFT 1947-1956 by James C. Fahey

External links
"75 Years of In-Flight Refueling"

L-0193
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Quadjets
Low-wing aircraft
Air refueling
Oxygen SpA. Oxygen SpA is an Italian company that manufactures "green vehicles". They produce the Oxygen Electric Cargoscooter.

Oxygen S.p.A. is the first Italian company to develop, manufacture and market 100% electric scooters. Oxygen's product is the all-electric CargoScooter, designed specifically for the delivery market and the first of its kind intended primarily for inner-city delivery use.

Based in Padua, Italy, Oxygen was created in 2001 as a technological development of Atala. Under new management since 2004, the strategic direction has been mainly focused on the fleet market.

Clients

Oxygen provides electric scooters to a number of major delivery fleets. Swiss Post is one of the company's higher profile clients and has acquired a fleet of over 1500 CargoScooters.

Vehicles

Oxygen's CargoScooter is totally electric and features Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery technology.

Awards

In recognition of the company's achievements, Oxygen was nominated at the 2007 World Mail Awards in the Corporate Social Responsibility category for its CargoScooter.

In 2009 the Italian Minister for the Environment mentioned Oxygen and the CargoScooter in the “Italian Design for Sustainability” book.

References

External links 
 
 

Motor vehicle manufacturers of Italy
Scooter manufacturers
Electric vehicle manufacturers of Italy
Algoryx Simulation AB. Algoryx Simulation AB was formed in 2007 in Umeå, Sweden as a spin-off company from Umeå University. Algoryx currently has three products: Algodoo (formerly Phun), Dynamics for SpaceClaim, and AGX Dynamics, a professional physics engine for engineering and real-time simulations.

History 
Algoryx's first product was AgX Dynamics, a multifunctional physics engine for simulators in industrial applications, prepared both for use together with CAD tools and with game engines such as Unity3D.

A later product is Algodoo, an elementary school physics simulation program based on the 2-dimensional physics engine Phun, the first versions of which were written as a thesis by Emil Ernerfeldt, then a student of engineering computer science at the university. The first version of Algodoo was launched on August 31, 2009, and in 2013 the program was released as free to download versions for Windows, Mac and iOS (iPad).

In the spring of 2015, an office was also opened in Munich, Germany, after the company, among other things, concluded an agreement with German Rheinmetall on simulators for cranes and vehicles.

In the autumn of 2017, Algoryx began a collaboration with the Japanese research institute National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology to develop simulation technology for robots to be used in the cleanup work around the Fukushima nuclear power plant, which was destroyed in a 2011  earthquake.

Awards
In February 2011, Algoryx was selected for the list of Top-20 companies to represent Swedish Innovation, by the Swedish Institute, a Swedish government agency.  In March 2011, Algoryx was ranked as one of Sweden's most promising young high tech companies by business magazine Affärsvärlden and tech news paper Ny Teknik. Algoryx again won this award in March 2012. In May 2011, Algoryx was selected by Red Herring for the Top 100 list of the most innovative companies in Europe. In 2012, Algoryx was named to represent Sweden in the European Business Awards. Later that year, Algoryx was also listed on the Deloitte Sweden Fast Technology 50 list. In the spring of 2015, an office was also opened in Munich, Germany, after the company entered into an agreement with German Rheinmetall on simulators for cranes and vehicles.

References

External links
Algoryx homepage
Algodoo website

Swedish companies established in 2007
Computer physics engines
Software companies of Sweden
Companies based in Västerbotten County
Umeå University
The All-Earth Ecobot Challenge. The All-Earth Ecobot Challenge (or Ecobots) is a competition that occurs yearly for students throughout Texas in grades 5–8 that started in . It encourages students to be creative, learn more about robots, learn about the Natural environment environment and how to help protect it, and prepares them for future jobs. The Ecobot Challenge uses various Lego pieces, Lego NXT sets, and PowerPoint.

Preparation
Usually, a teacher from each school helps coaches teams that come before and/or after school to prepare by programming their NXT and sometimes creating their Marketing Presentation(which could also be done at home, but not the NXT programming)  in that teacher's classroom. Usually, the team starts to program and make their presentation in early March of earlier.

Competition
The competition held yearly consists of two sections: the Robotics section and the Marketing section. They are two separate parts to the competition. The competition is usually held around mid-April. The robot in the competition is only allowed to be touched in "Home". Home is where the robot starts and ends when completing challenges.

Robotics
This section requires students to program a Lego NXT to complete various tasks that change each year. The more tasks students complete, the more points they get (for a maximum of 300 points). To complete the various tasks, students build Lego attachments usually attached to the motors included in the  Lego NXT kit.

Marketing
This section requires students to think of and to make a PowerPoint presentation about an imaginary robot that will help the Earth environmentally. They present their presentation to judges who score them.

Sponsors
The Lego NXT sets and the competition is costly. Ecobots rely on sponsors to fund the competition. For a list of sponsors, go to their sponsor list page.

To learn more go to the Ecobots home page.

External links
 

 Environmental education
 Recurring events established in 2009
 Robotics competitions
2009 establishments in Texas
Nano House. The Nano House is an American tiny house from 2017. It was named to be the world's smallest sustainable house.

The Nano Living System is a Swiss-made "green" pre-engineered concept for residential use. The design was based on a combination of pre-engineered SIPs (made from cement fiberboard, recycled light gauge steel, and polyurethane foam), the creation of flexible spaces (through Nano Living Systems' "suspending technology"), and the use of renewable energy systems.

The Nano House can be used by a family of three in an area consisting of . This is made possible by transforming what is a common living space by day into two separate bedrooms by night (using "suspending technology").

References

http://inhabitat.com/2010/04/15/worlds-smallest-sustainable-house-can-accommodate-a-family-of-four/
https://web.archive.org/web/20121209052648/http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/nano-living-systems-the-world-s-smallest-sustainable-house/
http://nanolivingsystem.com/

House types
Sustainable buildings and structures
Akaflieg München Mü17 Merle. The Akaflieg München Mü17 Merle is a single-place glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1938.

Development
The Mü17 Merle (a.k.a. 'Aerostat' or 'Kleiderbügel') is the oldest Akaflieg design still flying with the Fliegergruppe today. In 1938 the ISTUS conference issued a specification for an Olympic games Olympic glider to be used at the 1940 Olympics gliding competition. Akaflieg München designed and offered the Mü17 Merle to the committee at Rome in February 1939, but it was rejected in favour of the DFS Meise.

Two prototypes of the Mü17 Merle were built with emphasis on simple construction, straightforward handling and easy rigging and de-rigging, using automatic connections for the aileron and airbrake controls. The plywood- and fabric-covered wooden wings are trapezoidal in plan view with swept leading edges and straight trailing edges, ailerons over the outer half of the trailing edges and spoilers mid-chord at approx half span. Adhering to the 'Schüle München' the fuselage is a welded steel-tube space-frame with fabric covering and wooden tail surfaces, also covered in plywood and fabric. Despite failing in the Olympic selection the Mü17 Merle was put into production with around 60 units built before and after World War II, many with variations such as retractable landing gear.

A Mü17 Merle 'Alpha Sierra' (D-1740), built in 1961, is still in use today at the Akaflieg München gliding club, where it is used as an intermediate single-seater for early single-seat and cross-country flying. The low weight and sedate performance suiting the aircraft to inexperienced pilots.

A 19m (62.3 feet) span wing was conceived for use with the Mü17 fuselage, as the Akaflieg München Mü19, gradually losing all direct connection with the Mü17 as the design evolved into a motor-glider. Construction of the prototype was not completed due to the war situation.

Variants
Akaflieg München Mü17 – The original proposal, a single-seat 15m (49.2 feet) span Olympic glider contender. Two examples were built.
Akaflieg München Mü19 – A 19m span version of the Mü17, not completed due to the war situation.

Specifications (Mü17 Merle)

References

External links

 

1930s German sailplanes
Mu17
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Akaflieg München Mü18 Meßkrähe. The Akaflieg München Mü18 Meßkrähe is a glider that was designed and built in Germany in 1927.

Development 
Initiated by the RLM (Reichsluftfahrministerium – Reich Aviation Ministry), the Mü18 "Meßkrähe" was an experimental flying wind-tunnel used to research aerofoil sections in undisturbed airflow. 
With the airframe designed and built at Akaflieg München, test aerofoil sections were provided by Akaflieg Chemnitz, Akaflieg Danzig and Akaflieg Göttingen. Test sections were suspended, in undisturbed airflow on an adjustable trapeze, for measurement of pressure distribution at various angles of attack. Progress on the glider was slow due to a very low priority for resources, but the Mü18 "Meßkrähe" eventually flew towards the end of World War II.

References

1940s German sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1942
Engineer-in-Chief (Pakistan Army). 'Engineer-in-Chief or E-in-C', is a Colonel Commandant of the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, Frontier Works Organisation and the Military Engineering Services of Pakistan. In the Pakistan Army, the Engineer-in-Chief is a chief engineer and topographer of the Army and currently holds the rank of Lieutenant General, advises the Pakistan Army in matters of science, engineering, and technology.

Lt Gen Kashif Nazir  is current E-in-C of Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, Military Engineering Service, and Frontier Works Organisation.

The Engineer-in-Chief commands the Corps of Engineers, Pakistan Army and other military engineering and maintenance corps of the Army. As a senior commander and senior staff officer at the Army General Headquarters (GHQ), the Engineer-in-Chief advises the Army on science and engineering matters and serves as the Army's topographer.

The E-in-C also serves as the proponent for real estate and other science and engineering programs of the Army. As commander of the Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, the Engineer-in-Chief leads a major Army Engineering command in civil and military infrastructure programs. This office defines policy and guidance and plans direction for the organizations within the Corps.

Rank Structure and Uniform Insignia

Notable Engineers-in-Chief

Lieutenant-General Muhammad Anwar Khan
Major General     Saad Tarique, 1972-1974 
Lieutenant-General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan
Lieutenant-General Javed Nasir, 1991-1992
Lieutenant General Ziauddin Butt
Lieutenant General Shahid Niaz, HI(M)
Lieutenant General Asif Ali
Lieutenant General Khalid Asghar
Lieutenant General Muhammad Afsar
Major General Muhammad Ajmal Iqbal
Lieutenant General MOAZZAM EJAZ
Lieutenant General CH Muhammad AFZAL

Notes

Pakistan Army
Pakistan Army appointments
S3D. S3D or S-3D may refer to:

Stereoscopic 3D, see stereoscopy
3D film, films with S-3D
Stereoscopic video game, video games with S-3D
S3D, a supercomputer project that models the molecular physics of combustion
 S3D, a diode electrical component
 Rocketdyne S-3D, a rocket engine used in early US ballistic missiles