omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Iranian Railways AD43C. The AD43C is a type of mainline 6 axle Co'Co' diesel locomotive designed by Alstom and used by the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (RAI). It was in production from 2000. Delivery started in 2002.

Alstom designated the vehicle with product code Prima DE 43 C AC.

Background
In 1998 GEC Alstom won an order valued at $125 million (later valued at €192 million) for the supply of 100 mixed use locomotives for Islamic Republic of Iran Railways. The first 20 units were to be manufactured at Alstom's factory in Belfort, France, the remainder at Wagon Pars in Iran. After production of an initial batch by Ruston the remaining engines were to be built by DESA in Iran under a technology transfer agreement.

Design
The locomotives are a 6-axle Co'Co' twin cab design, incorporating a RK 215 engine with a power at rail of . After premature failures both in engine and turbocharger RAI has de-rated the engine power gradually up to 2400 Kw.

Three variants were produced, a passenger version with a  top speed and a  axle load, and two freight versions with a  top speed and either a  axle load., 
Only two prototypes of ballasted locomotives had been introduced;as, the ballasts limited the engine room space and higher center of gravity raised concerns, the ballasts were later removed completely. The passenger locomotives were later assigned for freight service because of low reliability and introduction of more reliable ER24PC locomotives.

Current conditions
As of the early of 2016 only a third of AD43C locomotives are in revenue service. These locomotives have undergone substantial modifications since RAI put them into service. Most of the out of service locomotives have been cannibalized for salvaging components to make operation of the in-service locomotives possible. As maintaining of the locomotives in service out-costs their revenue, Iranian railways has decided to retrofit these locomotives with other engines.

See also 
 Iranian locomotives
IranRunner

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links
 
Images
RAI locomotives  railfaneurope.net

Alstom Prima diesel locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of Iran
Lambton Generating Station. The Lambton Generating Station was a coal-fuelled power plant located on the St. Clair River near Corunna, Ontario, delivering up to 950 MW of power to the grid. It is owned by Ontario Power Generation.

The plant previously had a total generating capacity of 1,976 MW, prior to the permanent shutdown of generating units 1 and 2 (of four) in October 2010. The remaining units were shut down in September 2013. It was connected to the power grid via numerous 230 kV lines, and also had two interconnections with Detroit Edison and ITC Transmission via a 230 kV line (Lambton-St. Clair #1) and a 345 kV line (Lambton-St. Clair #2). It is located almost exactly across the St. Clair River from Detroit Edison's St. Clair Power Plant in East China, Michigan.

The facility had three  smokestacks, one of which was equipped with flue-gas desulfurization units, commonly called "scrubbers", to remove sulfur oxide.  Emissions from scrubbers at the Lambton station could be seen for over 16 km, although with the scrubbers operating properly, these plumes likely had over 90% less SO2 compared with other coal-fired stations without scrubbers.

On November 22, 2016, it was announced that Ontario Power Generation was no longer looking at alternative uses for Lambton Generating Station, and that the facility would be decommissioned in 2017.
It was definitively closed in 2020. Demolition work is in progress and should last 2 years.

On February 12, 2022, the majority of buildings at Lambton Generating Station, including the three large stacks, were imploded.

Emissions 

*Calculated figures for CO2e are rounded to the nearest tonne.

Redevelopment 
In 2012, plans were announced to relocate a proposed natural gas-powered generating station, originally intended for construction by Greenfield South Power Corporation in Mississauga, near to Etobicoke's Sherway Gardens, to the Lambton Generating Station site.

Construction in Mississauga had already begun in 2011; the original site selection was cancelled during the October 2011 provincial election with the project becoming a key issue during that campaign and the subsequent 2014 campaign.

See also 

 List of electrical generating stations in Ontario
 List of electrical generating stations in Canada
 Science and technology in Canada
 List of tallest smokestacks in Canada

References 

Ontario electricity policy
Ontario Hydro
Ontario Power Generation
Coal-fired power stations in Ontario
Buildings and structures in Lambton County
Former coal-fired power stations in Canada
Interactive Compilation Interface. The Interactive Compilation Interface (ICI) is a plugin system with a high-level compiler-independent and low-level compiler-dependent API to transform production compilers into interactive research toolsets. It was developed by Grigori Fursin during the MILEPOST project. The ICI framework acts as a "middleware" interface between the compiler and the user-definable plugins. It opens up and reuses the production-quality compiler infrastructure to enable program analysis and instrumentation, fine-grain program optimizations, simple prototyping of new development and research ideas while avoiding building new compilation tools from scratch. For example, it is used in MILEPOST GCC to automate compiler and architecture design and program optimizations based on statistical analysis and machine learning, and predict profitable optimization to improve program execution time, code size and compilation time.

Developments 
ICI is now available in mainline GCC since version 4.5

ICI was extended during the Google Summer of Code'2009 to enable fine-grain program optimizations including polyhedral transformations, function level run-time adaptation and collective optimization.

References

Interfaces
Henry Chilver, Baron Chilver. (Amos) Henry Chilver, Baron Chilver Kt. FRS FREng (30 October 1926 – 8 July 2012) was a British engineer and politician.

Early life and career
Chilver was born in Barking, Essex, to Amos Henry Chilver and his wife Annie E. Mack. After attending Southend High School for Boys, he took up a place at the University of Bristol, where he gained a BSc in Mechanical Engineering in 1947. He gained a PhD in Civil Engineering in 1951, and a DSc in 1962. From 1952 to 1954, he was a lecturer at the University of Bristol, and between 1958 and 1961 he taught at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Between 1961 and 1969, he was Chadwick Professor of Civil Engineering at University College London. Between 1970 and 1989 he was Vice-Chancellor of Cranfield University.

In the early 1980s, he was Chairman of the Northern Ireland Higher Education Review Group, which was tasked with producing a report called the Chilver Report on how to unify the Initial teacher education (ITE) used in Northern Ireland. He was the Chairman of the Post Office between 1980 and 1981. In 1983, he succeeded Lord Campbell as Chairman of the Milton Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC). Between 1992 and 1995 he was Chairman of English China Clays, and on 25 February 1993, he was appointed Chairman of RJB Mining. He has also been a director of ICI.

Awards
He was made a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1977 and the Royal Society in 1982. In 1978 he was made a Knight Bachelor. He held honorary DScs from the University of Leeds (1982), the University of Bristol (1983), the University of Salford, the University of Strathclyde (1986), the University of Buckingham, the University of Bath (1986) and the University of Technology of Compiègne.

In 1987, he was made a life peer as Baron Chilver, of Cranfield in the County of Bedfordshire, and he was introduced to the House of Lords on 15 July.

Personal life
In 1959 he married Dr Claudia Grigson, the sister of Christopher Grigson and they had five children: Helen, Sarah, John, Mark and Paul.

Published works
Problems in Engineering Structures with R S Ashby (1958)
Strength of Materials with J Case (1959)

See also
 University of Ulster – History

References

Bibliography

1926 births
2012 deaths
English civil engineers
Knights Bachelor
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
Academics of Cranfield University
Academics of University College London
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Bristol
People educated at Southend High School for Boys
People associated with Cranfield University
Chairmen of Post Office Limited
People from Barking, London
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Politicians from the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Parallels Workstation Extreme. Parallels Workstation Extreme is the first workstation virtualization product that lets users virtualize graphics-intensive software programs such as geophysical simulation, financial analysis, and digital content creation programs commonly used by engineers and digital animators in virtual machines on Windows and Linux hosts.

To let users virtualize these resource-intensive programs, Parallels partnered with Intel and Nvidia and incorporated their technologies into Parallels Workstation Extreme.

Overview
Like other virtualization software, Parallels Workstation Extreme uses a hypervisor to grant its virtual machines’ direct access to the host computer's hardware.  However, instead of handling the processes within the virtual machine as other virtualization products do to render 3D graphics, Parallels Workstation Extreme uses Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O to direct the multimedia directly back to the host's graphics cards while Nvidia's SLI Multi-OS allows the host machine and the virtual machine to each have their dedicated GPU. Each graphic application running in a virtual machine requires its own dedicated Nvidia Quadro FX 3800, 4800, or 5800 graphics card, which are the only graphics cards currently supported by the product.

To provide the hardware environment to support this mix of virtualization and graphics technologies, Hewlett-Packard partnered with Parallels and Nvidia to develop the HP Z800, a high-end PC that include Nvidia's Quadro FX GPUs and Intel's VT-d and Xeon processor.

Features
Parallels Workstation Extreme includes support for up to 16 CPU cores, 64 GB of RAM for guest OSs, 16 virtual network adapters per virtual machine and virtual drive sizes up to 2 TB.  Users can use multiple monitors, display a different guest operating system in each screen and also move the mouse back and forth between monitors and OSs.  Parallels Workstation Extreme load balances CPU resources as users move between the different OSs on the workstation.

The product also supports CLI, PXEboot and USB 2.0 devices.  Users can utilize virtual machine templates, multiple snapshot capabilities and software development kits.  Also included is Parallels Compressor, designed to compress the size of a virtual hard disk, and Parallels Image Tool, designed to increase or decrease the size of a virtual hard disk.

System requirements
Host requirements include:
 64-bit Windows Vista, 64-bit Windows XP SP3 or 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3 host operating system
 1 or 2 Intel Xeon Processors 5500 series
 8 GB RAM
 10 GB disk space per virtual machine
 Supported NVIDIA Quadro FX graphics cards

Supported guest operating systems include 64-bit Windows Vista, 64-bit Windows XP SP3, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.7 and 5.3 and Fedora 10.

See also 
 Platform virtualization
 Graphics card
 Hypervisor
 Virtual machine
 Virtual disk image

References

External links 
 Official webpage

Virtualization software
Proprietary cross-platform software
Peyret-Mauboussin. Peyret-Mauboussin was a French aircraft manufacturer of the late 1920s and early 1930s.

History
The firm was formed by Louis Peyret and Pierre Mauboussin in 1928 with the aim of designing and constructing a series of light sporting civil aircraft. Three types of single-engined aircraft were produced before Mauboussin left the firm in 1932 in order to form his own company.

Aircraft types produced

Peyret-Mauboussin PM X single-seat high-wing monoplane (1 built in 1928)
Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI two-seat high-wing monoplane (2 built in 1931)
Peyret-Mauboussin PM XII two-seat low-wing monoplane (1 built in 1931) (The Mauboussin M.120 was developed from this design).

Preserved aircraft
The second Peyret-Mauboussin PM XI F-AJUL is preserved in the Musee Castel-Mauboussin at Cuers-Pierrefeu airfield near Toulon and can be viewed by prior arrangement. This light aircraft had been flown by Rene Lefevre from Paris to Tananarive, Madagascar in December 1931, taking 14 days for the journey.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Aviafrance
Aviafrance

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
 
French companies established in 1928
SGV. SGV may refer to:
 Segovia, city in Spain.
 SGV (automobile), an early American automobile manufacturer 
 San Gabriel Valley, one of the principal valleys of Southern California, United States 
 Sauerländischer Gebirgsverein, an association for hiking in Germany
 Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees, an operator of passenger boats on Lake Lucerne, Switzerland
 SyCip Gorres Velayo & Co., a Philippine multidisciplinary professional services firm
 Soil guideline value
 Aerosegovia, Nicaraguan charter airline (ICAO code) 
 Shikand-gumanig Vizar, a Zoroastrian theology book
 Swiss Laboratory Animal Science Association, see Life Sciences Switzerland
Liangchi Zhang. Liangchi Zhang (; born July 1958) is an Australian mechanical engineer and scientist. Zhang has been Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the Director of the Graduate School of Engineering, University of Sydney, Australia. He is now a Scientia Professor and Australian Professional Fellow at the University of New South Wales.

Biography 
Zhang was born in Huangyan District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China in July 1958. Zhang received BS in 1982 and ME in 1985 both from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. Zhang obtained PhD in 1988 from Peking University in Beijing. From 1989 to 1991, Zhang did postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge in UK. From 1991 to 1992, Zhang was a research fellow in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of MITI in Japan. Zhang received an honorary Doctor of Engineering in 2005 from the University of Sydney.

Zhang was the Chairman of the 6th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications in Sydney in 2002 (AEPA2002); the Chairman of the 3rd Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics in Sydney in 2002 (ACAM2002); and the Chairman of the 1st International Symposium on Advances in Abrasive Technology in Sydney in 1997 (ISAAT'97). Zhang is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering.

Zhang was elected as Fellow of Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2006.

References

External links 
 Prof. Liangchi Zhang's homepage
 About Professor Liangchi Zhang, the University of Sydney
 Lifeboat Foundation Bios: Professor Liangchi Zhang

1958 births
Scientists from Taizhou, Zhejiang
Australian engineers
Zhejiang University alumni
Peking University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
Chinese emigrants to Australia
Living people
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Avions Mauboussin. Avions Mauboussin is a French aircraft manufacturer created in the 1930s.

Formation
Pierre Mauboussin had been in partnership with Louis Peyret from 1928 and had jointly designed three types of light sporting aircraft. Mauboussin left the firm in 1933 after the death of Peyret and established his own aircraft design company. The company was acquired by Fouga in 1936, but continued to produce further designs until 1948.

Aircraft designs

Mauboussin M.112 Corsaire (6 built, first original Peyret PM XII)
Mauboussin M.120 Corsaire series (over 100 built pre and postwar)
Mauboussin M.40 Hemiptere (1 single-seat double monoplane built in 1936)
Mauboussin M.200 series (2 low-wing aircraft built 1939-1941)
Mauboussin M.300 (1 or 2 twin-engined low wing trainers built in 1948)

Surviving aircraft
Nine M.120 Corsaire series aircraft survived in French aircraft collections and museums during  2005. A few examples are still airworthy.

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Jean-Marc Olivier (dir.), Les avions Mauboussin. Une aventure technologique, industrielle et humaine, Toulouse, Privat, 2023, 200 p.

External links

Official website
Image and details of the Hemiptere on Aviafrance

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
List of preserved British Rail Class 08 locomotives. The British Rail Class 08 was the standard class of diesel locomotive designed for shunting. From 1953 to 1962, 996 locomotives were produced, making it the most numerous of all British locomotive classes. There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher-geared Class 09, and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions (some of which became Class 10), which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1193.

Since their introduction, the nature of rail freight in Britain has changed considerably, reducing or removing the need for shunting, therefore only a few Class 08 locomotives remain in service today. However, many have found an active retirement on heritage railways in Britain, with around 87 examples being classed as preserved. Another was preserved at Crewe, but scrapped in 2009. There may be more yet unregistered Class 08 shunters still working in Britain or abroad. Their low maintenance requirements means that most of them are still in operational condition, with only a small number of examples currently awaiting restoration, as of 2023.

Preserved examples

See also
 List of preserved British Rail diesel locomotives

References 

08 list
British Rail Class 08 locomotives
Vericor Power Systems. Vericor Power Systems is a manufacturer of aeroderivative marine and industrial gas turbines based in Alpharetta, Georgia, United States. Vericor is a wholly owned subsidiary of German-based MTU Aero Engines.

History
Vericor's history began in the late 1960s with Avco Lycoming. Lycoming developed its Lycoming T55 aircraft turboshaft into the TF-40 marine gas turbine for the United States Navy's Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) assault transport hovercraft.

In 1994, the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division was acquired by AlliedSignal, becoming part of AlliedSignal Aerospace, and Honeywell Aerospace in 1999.

In 1999, AlliedSignal/Honeywell formed a joint venture with MTU Aero Engines called Vericor Power Systems LLC to manage its marine and industrial gas turbine products. In June 2002, MTU acquired full ownership of Vericor, which became a wholly owned subsidiary.

Products
Marine Propulsion
 Vericor TF40 
 Vericor ETF40B 
 Vericor TF50

Power generation
 VPS3M (TF40) 
 VPS4M (TF50) 
 VPS1 (ASE8) 
 VPS3 (ASE40) 
 VPS4 (ASE50)

Oil and gas mechanical drive
 VPS1 (ASE8) 
 VPS3 (ASE40) 
 VPS4 (ASE50)

References

External links
 Vericor website

Marine engine manufacturers
Gas turbines
Engine manufacturers of the United States
Smith v Leech Brain & Co Ltd. Smith v Leech Brain & Co [1962] 2 QB 405 is a landmark English tort law case in negligence, concerning remoteness of damage or causation in law. It marked the establishment of the eggshell skull rule, the idea that an individual is held responsible for the full consequences of his negligence, regardless of extra, or special damage caused to others.

Facts
The defendant company employed the plaintiff victim as a galvaniser whose duties included using a crane to lift metal items and immerse them into a tank of molten zinc. While doing so, an object spattered out from the tank and burned him on the lip. This burn was the "promoting agent" of a cancer from which he died three years later.
The employer's negligence in respect to the burn was not disputed, and was determined to have caused the claimant's death. The important legal issue, however, was that the claimant had a predisposition to the cancer in his skin tissue. The issue for the court to resolve was whether the cancer was too remote from the original negligence for the claimant to be allowed compensation.

Judgement
It was held that the defendants had been negligent and were therefore liable for damages to the complainant.

Lord Parker stated:

The ratio decidendi is that a tortfeasor is liable for negligent damage, even when the claimant had a predisposition that made that damage more severe than it otherwise would have been.

 This strict liability approach in negligence now applies ONLY to personal injury; 
 To claim for damage to property, the claimant must now show that the loss is foreseeable.
 Claiming for economic loss, typically an "assumption of responsibility" must be proven.

Other Cases
The following were considered by the court in deciding this case:
Dulieu v White & Sons [1901] 2 KB 669
Re Polemis & Furniss, Withy & Co Ltd
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v The Miller Steamship Co (Wagon Mound No. 2)

Several cases have since referred to or applied this case:
Tremain v Pike [1969] 3 All ER 1303
Wieland v Cyril Lord Carpets Ltd 	[1969] 3 All ER 1006
Vacwell Engineering Co Ltd v BDH Chemicals Ltd 3 All ER 1681,
Robinson v Post Office [1974] 2 All ER 737
Brice v Brown [1984] 1 All ER 997
Dean v Gallaher Ltd [1995] NI 229

See also
 Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital

References

English tort case law
High Court of Justice cases
1962 in case law
1962 in British law