omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dragan D. Mihailovic. Dragan D. Mihailovic is a Slovenian physicist, working as a research scientist at the Jožef Stefan Institute, leading a research group on non-equilibrium studies of quantum materials. The group's research includes temporal studies of electronic phase transitions, mainly superconductivity and electronic crystals. He is currently acting director of the CENN Nanocenter, Professor of physics at the University of Ljubljana and the Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School and Head of Department of Complex Matter at the Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Career
At the "Jožef Stefan" Institute, he set up new laboratories for short-time spectroscopy, nanoelectronics and time-resolved multiprobe tunneling microscopy and an advanced quantum devices laboratory jointly with the CENN Nanocenter.
Since 1985, he has been employed at the "Jožef Stefan" Institute, as scientific advisor. In 2002, he founded the Department for Complex Matter, which he still heads. He is the director of the Center of Excellence for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies (CENN), which he founded in 2004. In the years 2010–2020, he was the president of the scientific council of the "Jožef Stefan" Institute, and in 2016–2020, the president of the Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia (DMFA). He has been a member of the Slovenian academy of engineers since 1995 and In 2021, he was elected as an extraordinary member of Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

His current interest is the study of mesoscopic metastable quantum states created through non-equilibrium processes using time-resolved methods in combination with scanning tunnelling microscopy and charge configuration topological memory devices.

Awards and honors
In 2002, he won the Zois Prize for outstanding scientific achievements, in 1989 he won the Fulbright scholarship, in 1988 he was elected as a "Honorary members of the High Table", Christ Church, University of Oxford, England. In 1986, he won the award of the Boris Kidrič Foundation. In 2012, he was the first in Slovenia to receive a subsidy from the European Research Council (ERC Advanced grant) in the field of phase transitions in time using femtosecond spectroscopy.

References

External links 

Living people
Slovenian physicists
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Year of birth missing (living people)
Concrete frame. A concrete frame, also known as a concrete skeleton, is a structure composed of interconnected beams, columns, and slabs that is used to support larger structures. Due to the low cost of producing them, concrete frames are often used when building damns, bridges, and buildings. Reinforced concrete frame structures are commonly used when making concrete frames, as steel rebar's stronger tensile strength makes up for concretes tensile weakness.

Concept 
Connected by rigid joints, reinforced concrete frames consist of beams and columns. With the beams and columns cast in a single operation to act in unison, reinforced concrete frames provide resistance to lateral loads and gravity due to the bends in the beams and columns. Common subtypes of this frame include: Nonductile reinforced concrete frames with or without infill walls, ductile reinforced concrete frames with or without infill walls, and nonductile reinforced concrete frames with reinforced infill walls.

Masonry infills 
Most prevalent type are these: RC frames with concrete infill walls, commonly referred to as dual systems, are typically used in earthquake prone areas like Turkey, Colombia, and Greece.

Advantages 
While being the most fire resistant material around, concrete frames are stronger, safer, less costly, and more energy efficient than steel buildings.

See also 
 Steel frame
 Reinforced concrete
 Framing (construction)

References 

 Reinforced Concrete Frame Sector. https://www.citb.co.uk/media/aycpantr/rc-skills-pathway-schools-brochure.pdf
 Yakut Ahmet. Reinforced Concrete Frame Construction. Retrieved 3/20/23. https://www.world-housing.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/RC-Frame_Yakut.pdf
 Bertagnoli, Gabriele. (2016). Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures. Procedia Engineering, 161, 1013–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.841

Concrete
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene. 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene is an organic compound with the formula .  Like the other isomers of dimethylbutene, it is a colorless liquid.  Together with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene it can be produced by dimerization of propylene.  It is a precursor to the commercial fragrance tonalide.

References

Alkenes
Seqera Labs. Seqera Labs is a bioinformatics company developing technologies for data pipelines, founded in 2018 in Barcelona. It is a spin-off of the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) founded by Evan Floden and Paolo di Tommaso and its services are largely related to the open-source software Nextflow, released in 2013.

In 2022, the company raised 22 million euros in Series A funding. It has also received several grants from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.

References

External links 
 Official website

Bioinformatics companies
Companies based in Barcelona
Spanish companies established in 2018
Iridium(II) chloride. Iridium(II) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound of iridium metal and chlorine with the chemical formula . This is a metal salt of iridium and hydrochloric acid.

Synthesis
The substance is obtained by the interaction of powdered metallic iridium with chlorine gas when heated:

Iridium(II) chloride can also be made in a reaction between iridium(III) chloride and metallic iridium:

Physical properties
Iridium dichloride forms shiny dark-green crystals that are practically insoluble in water. Poorly soluble in acids and alkali. When heated to 773 °C,  decomposes without melting.

The standard Gibbs energy of the formation of ΔG (298 K, kJ/mol) is -139.7.

Chemical properties
When heated to 773 °C decomposes according to the equation:

At temperatures above 798 °C, complete decomposition of the substance occurs:

References

Iridium compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Ruthenium tetrachloride. Ruthenium(IV) tetrachloride is volatile inorganic compound of ruthenium and chlorine with the formula .

Synthesis
Synthesis of ruthenium(IV) tetrachloride is formed by the action of chlorine gas on ruthenium(III) chloride at 750 °C:

The RuCl4 is collected on a liquefied air cooled condenser and decomposes above -30 °C. The reaction was determined to have the following thermodynamic properties:
 ΔH°298 = 36.6 kcal/mol (enthalpy)
 ΔS°298 = 32.8 entropy units (entropy change)
  = -6.6 cal/mol degree (change in heat capacity at constant pressure)
 S°298 = 99.3 entropy units

The degree signs indicate standard state.

Properties 
Ruthenium(IV) tetrachloride decomposes above -30 °C:

References

Chlorides
Metal halides
Ruthenium(IV) compounds
Ruthenium(II) chloride. Ruthenium(II) chloride is an inorganic compound, a metal salt of ruthenium and hydrochloric acid with the formula .

Synthesis
Reaction of chlorine and ruthenium at 250 °C:

Reaction of ruthenium trichloride with hydrogen in ethanol in presence of platinum black and hydrogen chloride:

Physical properties
Ruthenium(II) chloride forms brown crystals.

Ruthenium(II) chloride is poorly soluble in cold water, but is soluble in ethanol.

Chemical properties
Ruthenium(II) chloride can form complexes with aromatic hydrocarbons.

The compound can be reduced to elemental ruthenium by hydrogen.

References

Chlorides
Metal halides
Ruthenium(II) compounds
Imitation learning. Imitation learning is a paradigm in reinforcement learning, where an agent learns to perform a task by supervised learning from expert demonstrations. It is also called learning from demonstration and apprenticeship learning.

It has been applied to underactuated robotics, self-driving cars, quadcopter navigation, helicopter aerobatics, and locomotion.

Approaches 
Expert demonstrations are recordings of an expert performing the desired task, often collected as state-action pairs .

Behavior Cloning 
Behavior Cloning (BC) is the most basic form of imitation learning. Essentially, it uses supervised learning to train a policy  such that, given an observation , it would output an action distribution  that is approximately the same as the action distribution of the experts.

BC is susceptible to distribution shift. Specifically, if the trained policy differs from the expert policy, it might find itself straying from expert trajectory into observations that would have never occurred in expert trajectories.

This was already noted by ALVINN, where they trained a neural network to drive a van using human demonstrations. They noticed that because a human driver never strays far from the path, the network would never be trained on what action to take if it ever finds itself straying far from the path.

DAgger 
Dagger (Dataset Aggregation) improves on behavior cloning by iteratively training on a dataset of expert demonstrations. In each iteration, the algorithm first collects data by rolling out the learned policy . Then, it queries the expert for the optimal action  on each observation  encountered during the rollout. Finally, it aggregates the new data into the datasetand trains a new policy on the aggregated dataset.

Decision transformer 

The Decision Transformer approach models reinforcement learning as a sequence modelling problem. Similar to Behavior Cloning, it trains a sequence model, such as a Transformer, that models rollout sequences where  is the sum of future reward in the rollout. During training time, the sequence model is trained to predict each action , given the previous rollout as context:During inference time, to use the sequence model as an effective controller, it is simply given a very high reward prediction , and it would generalize by predicting an action that would result in the high reward. This was shown to scale predictably to a Transformer with 1 billion parameters that is superhuman on 41 Atari games.

Other approaches 
See  for more examples.

Related approaches 
Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) learns a reward function that explains the expert's behavior and then uses reinforcement learning to find a policy that maximizes this reward.

Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) uses generative adversarial networks (GANs) to match the distribution of agent behavior to the distribution of expert demonstrations. It extends a previous approach using game theory.

See also 
 Reinforcement learning
 Supervised learning
 Inverse reinforcement learning

Further reading

References 

Supervised learning
Thomas Weber (engineer). Thomas Weber (born 26 May 1954) is a German engineer and former board member of Daimler AG (now Mercedes-Benz Group). From 2004 to 2016, he was responsible for Group Research and Mercedes-Benz Cars Development.

Career 

As of January 1, 2017, Thomas Weber's contract with Daimler AG was not renewed at his own request and he left the Board of Management. His position was filled by the Swedish manager Ola Källenius, who has been a member of the Board of Management of Daimler AG since January 1, 2015, and responsible for Mercedes-Benz Cars Sales.

Weber is a member of the National Electromobility Platform and is committed to the development of electric cars. He is also a senator and vice president at acatech – German Academy of Science and Engineering.

References

1954 births
Living people
German engineers
Brij B. Gupta. Brij Bhooshan Gupta is a distinguished professor with the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE), Asia University, Taiwan. He has published over 500 papers in journals/conferences including 35 books and 10 Patents with over 30,000 citations. He has also received numerous national and international awards including Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher in the world in Computer Science consecutively in year 2022 and 2023.

Education 
Gupta is an Indian scholar who earned his Ph.D. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee.

Career 
Professor Gupta's research interests encompass a range of topics, including cyber security, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, intrusion detection, blockchain technologies, cyber physical systems, social media, and networking.

Over the course of Gupta's 18-year professional career, he has published over 500 papers in various journals and conferences, including 35 books and has been granted 10 patents. His work has been widely cited over 30,000 times. Gupta holds the position of Distinguished Research Scientist at LoginRadius Inc., a company specializing in cybersecurity, particularly in the area of customer identity and access management (CIAM). Additionally, he was included in Stanford University's ranking of the top 2% scientists worldwide consecutively in year 2020,  2021 2022 and 2023. In 2017, Gupta became a senior member at IEEE. He was also chosen as the Distinguished Lecturer in IEEE CTSoc for the year 2021. Dr. Gupta also hold the position of Member-in-Large on the Board of Governors for the IEEE Consumer Technology Society (2022 to 2024).

Currently, Professor Gupta is working as the Director at the International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations. He also serves as a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE) at Asia University, Taiwan.

Awards and recognitions 

 Clarivate Research Excellence in Engineering and Technology (2023)
 Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship (2009) Government of Canada
 Faculty Research Fellowship Award (2017) from the MeitY, Government of India
 IEEE GCCE outstanding and WIE paper awards
 Best Faculty Award (2018 & 2019) from NIT Kurukshetra
 Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher (2022,2023)

References

External links 
 President Cai Jinfa praised the world's 0.1% top scientists and Indian professor Gupta of the Department of Engineering and Engineering, enhancing the research energy and international influence of Asia University
 Keynote Speaker at INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ANALYTICS FOR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

Living people
IIT Roorkee alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wilma Dierkes. Wilma K. Dierkes is a University of Twente Associate Professor and chair of the Elastomer Technology and Engineering group known for her research on elastomer sustainability.

Education 

Dierkes completed an undergraduate degree in chemistry at Leibniz University in Hannover, Germany in 1990. After a period working in industry, she returned to study for a PhD in polymer science at University of Twente, completing her doctorate in 2010.  She completed postgraduate study in environmental science at Foundation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise, Arlon, Belgium.

Career 

Dierkes entered the rubber industry in 1991. She worked on elastomer recycling at the company Rubber Resources in Maastricht. Here, she was responsible for development and technical service, and implemented recycling of production waste. She later joined Degussa working on carbon black research, and Bosch working on windshield wiper development.

She joined the University Twente, the Netherlands in 2001.  She is currently an associate professor. From 2009 to 2013, she held a visiting professorship at Tampere University of Technology. From 2005 to 2014, Dierkes served as chairman of the Dutch Association of Plastics and Rubber Technologists (VKRT).  She is also a founding member of the Female Faculty Network at the University Twente (FFNT) and has served on its board. She serves on the expert committee for the Recircle Awards, which is composed of "individuals from the global tyre retreading and recycling industries selected according to their independent status and their acknowledged expertise".

Dierkes' most cited works address the topics of recycling of natural rubber based latex products and silica filler technology for application in tire tread compounding. She has advocated for an open source approach to research and development in the tire industry.

Awards and recognition

 2013 - Sparks–Thomas award from the ACS Rubber Division

References 

Polymer scientists and engineers
Living people
Women materials scientists and engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
HVS (aircraft). The HVS was a human-powered aircraft, designed and built by three German aeronautical professionals.  Its name comes from the surnames of those involved; Wolfang Hütter (de), Franz Villinger (de), and Wilhelm Schüle. Villinger co-designed the 1930s HV-1 Mufli (de) human-powered aircraft.

Development 

Work on the aircraft commenced in October 1974, with its construction reportedly taking 15,000 working hours. The HVS was a shoulder-wing monoplane, with the tapered wing featuring a shallow inverted gull wing configuration. The aircraft made extensive use of foam, plastics, GRP, and carbon fibre in its construction. The fuselage had a pod and boom configuration.  The empennage was of the V-tail type, with that providing both directional and pitch control. Ailerons on the outboard wings provided lateral control. The pilot, seated in a recumbent position, operated a set of reciprocating treadles to power a variable pitch pusher propeller mounted on a pylon near the rear of the fuselage. The propeller was made of Kevlar and built by engineering student Oskar Staudenmayer. The entire wing could be lifted off, to facilitate pilot access.

The aircraft first flew on 20 June 1982 at the Leipheim Luftwaffe base in Bavaria. Its longest flight was achieved on 4 December 1982, when Oskar Staudenmayer flew it for a distance of 720 m (2,362 ft).  The HVS was built with a higher wing loading, and had greater flight speeds, than most contemporary HPAs, and was notable for being able to fly in windy conditions, including in winds greater than its own airspeed.

The aircraft is now on display at the Technik Museum Sinsheim, in Sinsheim, Germany.

Specifications

See also

References

External links
 Me gustan los aviones - Músculos  - photo-gallery of the HVS

Human-powered aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
German experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1982
V-tail aircraft
Inverted gull-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Rishi Khosla. Rishi Khosla OBE (born September 1975) is a British CEO and cofounder of OakNorth Bank.

Early life and education 
Khosla was born in London, where his father earned a degree in engineering. During the early years of his life, Khosla's family moved to Delhi, India, where they lived in a small apartment with his grandparents and uncle's family.

In the 1980s, Khosla's family moved back to London, and he attended secondary school in South Harrow. During this time, his father worked as a businessman selling construction equipment in the Middle East.

Khosla started his GCSEs at the age of 11 and had his first A-level exams at 13.

In 1992, aged 17, Khosla attended University College London (UCL), where he received a BSc undergraduate degree in economics. He then received a master's degree in Accounting & Finance from The London School of Economics (LSE).

Career 
After graduating from LSE, Khosla began his career at the Dutch bank ABN AMRO in 1995 before joining GE Capital in 1999.

Prior to establishing his own company, Khosla worked for Indian steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal, where he managed a private equity venture portfolio for the Mittals that invested in fintech companies. It was during this time that Khosla became an early-stage investor in PayPal.

In 2011, Moody's Corporation acquired a majority stake in Copal Partners before eventually purchasing the company in 2014.

In 2015, Khosla and Perlman launched their second business together, OakNorth Bank. In March 2015, the company secured a full banking license from the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), becoming the third new UK bank in over 150 years.

Awards 
In 2011, Khosla was one of the recipients of the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award. In 2020, he entered the Order of the British Empire at Queen Elizabeth II’s New Year Honours for business service.

Personal life 
Khosla married Milan in 2000 and they have four children.

References 

1975 births
Living people
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British business executives
British businesspeople of Indian descent
Businesspeople from Delhi
Businesspeople from London
English people of Indian descent
Norman Kipping. Sir Norman Victor Kipping, GCMG, KBE, JP (11 May 1901 – 29 June 1979) was a British electrical engineer and industrialist. He was Director-General of the Federation of British Industries from 1946 to 1965.

References 
https://mrc-catalogue.warwick.ac.uk/records/FBI/DG/3

External linksernal links 

 

English justices of the peace
1979 deaths
20th-century British engineers
British industrialists
British electrical engineers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
CubCrafters Carbon Cub UL. The CubCrafters Carbon Cub UL is an American light-sport and ultralight aircraft that is under development by Cub Crafters of Yakima, Washington, introduced at the Sun 'n Fun airshow in March 2023. The aircraft is intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Still under development in March 2023, the first customer deliveries are forecast for 2025.

Design and development
The design is a development of the CubCrafters CC11-160 Carbon Cub SS that has been lightened to improve performance, including the newly designed Rotax 916 iS engine, for which this aircraft is the launch customer.

It has been designed to fit the US light-sport aircraft category with a  gross weight and also many other nations' ultralight aircraft categories, to facilitate exports.

The aircraft features a strut-braced high-wing with jury struts, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit accessed by doors, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from welded steel tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Use is made of pre-preg composite materials, lighter fabric and titanium components, including the firewall and landing gear, to reduce the empty weight. The standard engine used is the  Rotax 916 iS four-stroke, turbocharged, liquid and air-cooled powerplant, with FADEC, which can run on unleaded automotive gasoline or avgas. Due to its turbocharger, the engine can produce full power up to .

Regarding the choice of powerplants for the design, aviation writer Paul Bertorelli stated, "the 916 iS gives CubCrafters an uncharacteristic opportunity to shear away from driving increased performance with power loading to driving it with structural efficiency".

The development was forecast to be completed later in 2023, a demonstrator in 2024 and with the first customer deliveries forecast for 2025.

Operational history
The prototype was landed on the  diameter rooftop helipad at the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai on March 15, 2023, as a Red Bull sponsored stunt.

Specifications (Carbon Cub UL)

See also
List of aircraft

References

External links

Cub Crafters aircraft
2020s United States sport aircraft
2020s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2023