omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ZVI Falcon. The ZVI Falcon is a Czech 12.7 mm caliber bolt-action bullpup anti-materiel rifle developed by Zbrojovka Vsetín Inc. (now ZVI Inc.). The rifle is intended for ground troops and special forces for operations against distant targets up to  away, such as armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) or technical equipment.

Design and features
The Falcon is a bullpup bolt-action rifle with a Mauser locking system and fixed 2-round box magazine. It features a magazine cut-off, necessitating a new cartridge must be manually loaded into the chamber after each shot when it is engaged. The bolt has two locking lugs.

Mounted about halfway along the Falcon are a collapsible bipod and a carrying handle. It also features a muzzle brake to dampen recoil; ZVI states that the muzzle brake reduces recoil by 75 percent. A bayonet mount was planned, but was not included on production versions.

The Falcon features a sight rail to mount the Meopta ZD 10×50 telescopic sight for daylight engagements and the Meopta ZN 6× passive night vision sight for nighttime use. A protective cover is available to protect the scope from damage. The rifle also has backup iron sights for emergency use if the scope is damaged.

The Falcon can be stowed in a carrying case for transport, and a special backpack is available for use by airborne forces.

Conflicts
The Falcon was used in the War in Afghanistan . It is also used by Armed Forces of Ukraine during Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Users

 
 
 
 
  19 gifted from Czech Republic, sent as part of a military package in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

See also
List of bullpup firearms
List of sniper rifles

References

.50 BMG sniper rifles
12.7×108 mm sniper rifles
Sniper rifles of Czechoslovakia
Bolt-action rifles
Anti-materiel rifles
Bullpup rifles
Cyberware (company). Cyberware Inc. was a company that produced high-performance color 3D scanners. Cyberware was owned and managed by the Addleman family with headquarters in Monterey, California; it has scanning centers located in United States, UK, Europe, Australia and Asia.

3D Color Scanners
A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object to collect data on its shape and appearance.

Head & Face
Model PS
Model PX

Whole Body
Model WB2
Model WB4
Model WBX

Custom
Model BK (Below the Knee)
Model LSS (Large Statue Scanner)
Model M15 (Desktop 3D Scanner)
Model S (Shop)
Model SG (Spherical Gantry)
Model 3030 (Scanhead)
Model 7G (Ear Impression)

Selected films
Cyberware won the Academy award for Best Visual Effects in the Hollywood movie The Abyss.
1986: Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy and the Enterprise crew)
1989: The Abyss (Pseudopod)
1990: RoboCop 2 (computerized talking face)
1991: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Linda Hamilton, Robert Patrick, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Dan Stanton)
1991: The Doors (film) (Val Kilmer)
1992: Batman Returns (Michael Keaton)
1993: Jurassic Park (film) (dinosaur models)
1994: The Mask (film) (dog model)
1996: Dragonheart (winged dragon model)

Selected video games
2004: Onimusha 3: Demon Siege (Takeshi Kaneshiro and Jean Reno)
2008: Ryū ga Gotoku Kenzan! (Takaya Kuroda, Shota Matsuda, Susumu Terajima, Masaya Kato, Takashi Tsukamoto, Aya Hisakawa and other main characters)
2009: Yakuza 3 (Satoshi Tokushike, Tatsuya Fujiwara, Nakamura Shidō II, Tetsuya Watari, Shigeru Izumiya, George Takahashi and other main characters)
2010: Yakuza 4 (Kōichi Yamadera, Hiroki Narimiya, Rikiya Koyama, Majyu Ozawa, Kenta Kiritani and other main characters)

References

External links

Companies based in Monterey County, California
Film and video technology
BL 7.5-inch Mk VI naval gun. The BL 7.5-inch gun Mark VI was the 45 calibre naval gun forming the main battery of Royal Navy s.  These ships with seven single gun mounts were significant to the cruiser limitations defined by the Washington Naval Treaty.

Description 
These were built-up guns with two tubes, full-length wire winding, a jacket, and Welin breech block with hand-operated Asbury mechanism.  The mounting was a CP Mk V a hand-operated central pivot mount with additional power training and elevation provided by a 10HP electric motor and hydraulic pump.  Elevation was +30 degrees to -5 degrees and loading was possible up to +10 degrees.  The total weight of the mount including its 1in open-backed shield was 45.975 tons.  They used two cloth bags each containing 14 kg (31 pounds) of cordite to fire a 200-pound (91-kg) projectile up to 19 kilometres at their maximum elevation of 30 degrees.  Useful life expectancy was 650 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.

Coast defence guns 
Seven guns were installed as coastal artillery in the Netherlands Antilles, five in Mozambique, three in Canada, and three in a battery at South Shields during the Second World War.

Shell trajectory

See also 
 List of naval guns
 BL 7.5-inch Mk II – V naval gun (earlier Royal Navy guns of the same calibre)
 BL 8-inch Mk VIII naval gun (used on subsequent Royal Navy heavy cruisers)

Notes and references

Bibliography

External links 

 Tony DiGiulain, Britain 7.5"/45 (19 cm) Mark VI

Naval guns of the United Kingdom
190 mm artillery
World War II naval weapons of the United Kingdom
Coastal artillery
AK-176. The AK-176 is a Soviet 76mm  naval gun mounted in an enclosed turret, that may be used against sea, coastal, and aerial targets, including low flying anti-ship missiles.  The system is designed to arm small displacement ships and comprises the Gun Mount with a MR-123-02/76 Fire Control Radar System.  It has high survivability owing to autonomous use of the gun mount controlled from the optical sight in the absence of control from the radar system, as well as a capability for fire even if power supply is lost.

Design
The gun is fed by 152 ready to fire rounds and has selectable rates of fire of 30, 60 and 120 rounds per minute. The 120 r.p.m. rate is achieved by firing a burst of 75, but afterwards the gun has to cool off for 30 minutes.  The AK-176 is effective against missiles, being able to shoot down AT-2 Swatter (simulating a Harpoon anti-ship missile), taking an average of 25 rounds per kill.

In the late 1980s an upgraded version the AK-176M, with a new fire control system MR-123-02, television targeting and a laser rangefinder, was introduced. This gun, is still in production (AK-176M1) and is the primary medium-caliber artillery systems to all small Soviet ships and is widely exported.

AK-176MA, a further upgrade of the design intended for newer ship classes, such as the Karakurt-class corvettes and project 22160-class patrol ships, completed its trials in 2017. The AK-176MA features improved accuracy, a stealthy turret design, and a significantly reduced weight of under 9 tonnes. It will replace older guns on carrier ships on the process of their modernization.

The equivalent NATO system is the Otobreda 76 mm, another 120 rpm 3 inches gun.

H/PJ-26
The 713th Institute (also known as Zhengzhou Electrical Engineering Research Institute) of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) of the People's Republic of China has developed a Chinese variant of AK-176, with Mr. Chen Dingfeng (陈汀峰) as the general designer. Design begun in 2000 and was completed in 2003.  The primary difference between this H/PJ-26 and AK-176 is that the Chinese variant adopts a stealthy turret design, and more composite material is used in the construction of the turret. In addition, ready rounds for the H/PJ-26 are doubled to 150 rounds from the original 75 of the AK-176.

Operators

Current

Past users

See also
AK-726
AK-100 (naval gun)

Gallery

References

External links 

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_3-60_ak176.htm

76 mm artillery
Naval anti-aircraft guns
Cold War artillery of the Soviet Union
Anti-aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
Naval guns of the Soviet Union
Autocannons of the Soviet Union
Nizhny Novgorod Machine-building Plant products
Shahab Khodro. Shahab Khodro (Persian: شهاب خودرو) is an Iranian company which manufactures autobuses. Founded in 1962, it is one of the oldest and best-known Iranian motor companies. 

The company began producing double-decker buses in 1972. In 1987, Shahab Khodro company teamed up with TAM, a former Yugoslavian company, in manufacturing buses. The company later entered into technical co-operation with Renault Group of France, who purchased a 35% stake in the company.

References

External links
Official site

Bus manufacturers of Iran
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1962
Iranian companies established in 1962
Compression release. A compression release mechanism works to ease the starting of internal combustion engines by allowing them to rotate to starting speed without having to work against the compression of the pistons. It does this via either a release valve that is incorporated within the cylinder head that vents the cylinder pressure to the outside atmosphere until the engine has sufficient momentum to overcome it, or by venting straight through one of the main valves. 

US patent US5375570 A of 1994 describes an automated compression release valve actuated by engine oil pressure.

Motorcycles
Early large displacement motorcycles with kick starters provided riders with a manual compression release while later models linked them to the kick start lever with a cable for automatic operation. The 2012 Ducati 1199, equipped with an electric starter, uses a compression release that is automatically activated at low engine speed by a centrifugal flyweight on each exhaust cam. This reduces the work needed to spin the high 12.5:1 compression ratio engine, allowing for a smaller battery and starter motor, amounting to a total weight saving of .

From the mid-1960s to the late-1970s, engine compression releases were also used to supplement rear wheel braking on many two-stroke motorcycles, primarily those used off-road or for various types of dirt-track racing, such as motocross and flat-tracking.  Since two-stroke engines normally lack the compression braking effect of four-stroke engines when the throttle is shut off, the addition of a compression release brake on two-strokes essentially mimicked the four-stroke compression braking effect. Using throttle-off engine compression for at least some braking on both two-stroke and four-stroke motorcycles was especially important during that era, since most motorcycles used drum brakes, which fade more quickly than modern disc brakes.

Diesel engines
Small diesel engines may be fitted with compression release valves if they are to be started by hand cranking.

Small engines 

Most small gasoline engines used in power equipment use an automatic compression release system of some kind, designed to reduce load on the starter motor or user manually starting the engine. The most common kind of small engine compression release uses a camshaft mounted mechanical lever that pushes the exhaust valve tappet slightly, venting engine compression through the exhaust valve. Once the engine spins to starting speed, centrifugal force causes the lever to move out of the way, and the exhaust valve is allowed to seat fully.  Older compression release systems used a small bump on the cam that would bump the valve very slightly at low speeds. Once the engine gained speed, the pressure would push the exhaust valve against its seat. These systems were phased out as mechanical compression releases became common.

See also
 Engine braking

Notes

Internal combustion engine technology
Starting systems
International Robot Exhibition. The International Robot Exhibition (IREX) is the largest robot trade fair in the world. It is an event that has been staged once every two years in Tokyo, Japan since 1973 and is organized by the Japan Robot Association (JARA) and the company Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Ltd. It is a place for companies from Japan and around the world to exhibit the latest in robot technology.

Robots
These are some examples of the robots that have been displayed at previous exhibitions.
 Actroid
 Seiko Epson Micro flying robot
 TOPIO
 JO-ZERO

References

External links
 

Robotics events
Robotics in Japan
Trade fairs in Japan
Events in Tokyo
Recurring events established in 1973
2-Methyl-1-pentanol. 2-Methyl-1-pentanol (IUPAC name: 2-methylpentan-1-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a solvent and an intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Due to its low solubility in water it has recently been suggested as a solvent in liquid–liquid extraction of ethanol from fermented feedstocks.

References 

Alcohol solvents
Hexanols
James F. Goodrich. James Franklin Goodrich (1913 – 2012) was the United States Under Secretary of the Navy from 1981 to 1987.

Biography
Goodrich was born on January 24, 1913, in Fennville, Michigan and educated in Jackson, Michigan.  After high school, he attended the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering at the University of Michigan, receiving his B.S. in 1937.  After graduating, he worked on Gulf Oil tankers for two years, and then spent a year as a machinist for Bethlehem Steel in Sparrows Point, Maryland.

Goodrich took a job with Todd Pacific Shipyards in Tacoma, Washington in 1940, and by 1943–45 served as Chief Engineer.  In 1945, he was transferred to Seattle, Washington, where he worked as General Superintendent and then as Assistant General Manage.  In 1956, he was promoted to General Manager of Todd Shipyards' Los Angeles division.

After 16 years with Todd Pacific Shipyards, in 1964, he left to become executive vice president of Bath Industries, Inc.  The next year, Bath Industries changed its name to Congoleum Corp. in 1965 and Goodrich took over as its president and chief executive officer, a position he held until 1975.  From 1975 to 1978, Goodrich was chairman of the board of directors of Bath Iron Works.

On September 9, 1981, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Goodrich as Under Secretary of the Navy.  Goodrich was sworn in as Under Secretary on September 29, 1981, and held this office until August 6, 1987.

He died July 16, 2012.

References

 Archive of press release announcing Goodrich's appointment as Under Secretary of the Navy
 Article by Goodrich in The Naval Engineers Journal
Article mentioning Goodrich's activities in 2005
Obituary in theforecaster.net

1913 births
2012 deaths
Bethlehem Steel people
United States Under Secretaries of the Navy
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
People from Allegan County, Michigan
Close coupled field technology. Close coupled field technology (CCFT) is an air sterilization process that kills a high percentage of microbes, bacteria (including bacterial endospores), viruses, germs, mold spores, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fungal air contaminants, and chemical agents and their associated odors.

CCFT uses small high-voltage coils within a Faraday cage to generate a non-thermal plasma field to destabilize inorganic and organic compounds at the molecular level. As air is passed through this electrostatic field it is converted to ozone which oxidizes airborne contaminants. Enclosing the ozone retains its ability to remove contaminants quickly while making it safe for populated environments.

History
CCFT was invented by David Hallam to remove unpleasant odors from a nursing home where an ailing uncle was a resident. When the nursing staff noticed a dramatic decrease in the spread of infections, this led Hallam to further investigate CCFT. Hallam went on to develop the AirManager system, which uses a combination of CCFT and high airflow filtration (HAF), which filters any dust, pollen, airborne contaminants, and resultant debris from the CCFT process down to 0.1 micrometers.

CCFT technology is a variation of a class of technologies called non-thermal plasma, which is based on the discharge of high voltage static electricity. Using a variety of configurations, two electrodes are separated by various dielectric insulating materials. A voltage is increasingly applied to one electrode until it exceeds the dielectric capacity of the insulators, whereupon electric discharge occurs. When the electricity is discharged in the presence of air, high-energy electrons are formed which react with the chemicals and pathogens in air through a complex series of free radical reactions. As molecular oxygen is always present in the air, ozone is always formed as well. The use of small high voltage coils distinguishes this method from other approaches that use different configurations of dual electrodes, such as a wire insulated by glass beads passing through the center of a metal pipe, which serves as the second electrode.

References

External links
 AirManager
 AirManager Marine

Hygiene
Rhaetian Railway ABe 4/16. The Rhaetian Railway ABe 4/16 is a class of metre gauge four-car electric multiple unit trains of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB), which is the main railway network in the Canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

The class is so named under the Swiss locomotive and railcar classification system. According to this system, ABe 4/16 denotes an electric railcar train with first and second class compartments, and a total of 16 axles, four of which are drive axles. 

The ABe 4/16 trains for the Rhaetian Railway were scheduled to be delivered from late 2010. Entry into service was somewhat  later. It was intended that the trains would be used mainly on commuter trains on the railway's core network, which is electrified at 11 kV 16.7 Hz AC.

Each train is almost 75 metres long and is equipped with comfortable air-conditioned compartments for 24 first class and 156 second class passengers. One of the end cars of each train has four powered axles; the twelve axles under the other three cars are unpowered.

External links 

 Official Rhaetian Railway website
 Manufacturer's site Website of the manufacturer of the ABe 4/16
 Datasheet Comprehensive datasheet of the manufacturer (in German)

Stadler Rail multiple units
Multiple units of Switzerland

Rhaetian Railway multiple units
Human outpost. Human outposts are artificially-created, controlled human habitats located in environments inhospitable for humans, such as on the ocean floor, in the Antarctic, in outer space, or on another planet, as in the challenges to live on Mars.

The logistics and difficulties inherent in such ventures have been heavily explored in science fiction.

Outposts by environment

Polar

Polar research stations have been built and advanced by many states and for many purposes. For more see the articles about research stations in Antarctica and Arctic drifting ice stations.

Under sea
NASA trains astronauts in an underwater habitat, to simulate living and working in the International Space Station. They conduct scientific research on the human body and coral reefs, and build undersea structures to simulate space station assembly spacewalk tasks. The program is also being used to study how isolation affects human behaviour, to prepare for the first human outposts on the Moon and Mars.

Outer space

The Salyut 1 space station in low Earth orbit was the first human outpost in space.  The International Space Station and Tiangong space station are the two functional human outposts in space, after China de-orbited its Tiangong-2 in 2019.

NanoRacks, after finalizing its contract with NASA, and after winning NextSTEPs Phase II award, is now developing its concept Independence-1 (previously known as Ixion), the first 'outpost' in NanoRacks' Space Outpost Program, which would turn spent rocket tanks into a habitable living area, often known as a wet workshop.

Planning and design for Lunar and Martian outposts is underway.

In fiction
Human outposts in other worlds are a common motif in science fiction, whether established and occupied solely by humans or in cooperation – or competition – with alien species.  The setting may be another planet, Earth-like or otherwise; or a spaceship large enough to house a city.

Similar concepts

See also

References

Further reading

 Resource Utilization Concepts for MoonMars; ByIris Fleischer, Olivia Haider, Morten W. Hansen, Robert Peckyno, Daniel Rosenberg and Robert E. Guinness; 30 September 2003; IAC Bremen, 2003 (29 Sept – 03 Oct 2003) and MoonMars Workshop (26-28 Sept 2003, Bremen). Accessed on 18 January 2010
 
 
 MARTIAN OUTPOST: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on Mars; by Erik Seedhouse; Praxis Publishing; 2009; .
 
 

Space colonization
Human habitats
Science fiction themes
Types of populated places
Fiction about outer space
SprutCAM. SprutCAM X is a high-level Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software that provides off-line features for programming of various CNC machines used for cutting, wire electrical discharge (EDM), 2, 3, and multi axial (CNC Swiss-Type Lathe) machining.

The program was developed by SprutCAM Tech Ltd based in Limassol, Cyprus.

SprutCAM only supports Microsoft Windows 10/11 version.

History 
SPRUT Technology, LTD. was founded in 1987 by Alexander Kharadziev, who recruited a team of engineers to build a company for developing CAx software, with its headquarters at Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, and released its known product, SprutCAM, in 1997. This is one of the oldest Russian developers of PC-based  CAx software. 

The headquarters is now located in Limassol, Cyprus.

Version history 
Past Versions
 SprutCAM X 16 (May, 2022)
Current Version:
 SprutCAM X 17 (September, 2023)

System requirements 
The system requirements for SprutCAM:

Computer aided design products
 SolidWorks
 IRONCAD
 AutoCAD
 Inventor
 SolidEdge
 Alibre Design
 PowerShape
 Rhinoceros 3D
 SpaceClaim
 NX

SprutCAM X works with associative CAD geometry and toolpaths; this allows modified geometry or machining parameters to quickly obtain updated toolpaths.

File format 
SprutCAM X opens/saves following file formats:
 SprutCAM Files (*.stc, *.stcx)
 Operation/Parameters Files (*.sto)
 IGES: *.igs, *.iges
 STL: *.stl
 PostScript: *.ps, *.eps
 DXF: *.dxf
 Rhinoceros: *3dm
 Sprut Models: *.sgm
 Parasolid: *.x_t, *.x_b
 STEP: *.stp, *.step
 Sprut geometry format: *.sgf
 SOLIDWORKS: *.sldprt, *.sldasm
 SolidEdge: *.par, *.psm, *.pwd, *.asm
 PLY: *.ply
 AMF: *.amf
 Toolpath: *.xml, *.txt
 Template: *.html
 Postprocessors: *.sppx, *.spp, *.ppp, *.inp

Export/Convert following Formats via CAD Plugin as Background Process to IGES an Import:
 Rhinoceros: *.3dm
 Cobalt: *.co
 PowerShape: *.fic, *.model, *.psmodel, *.dgk, *.pfm, *.x_b, *.xmt_bin, *.x_t, *.xmt_txt, *.stp, *.step, *.prt, *.par, *.sldprt, *.vda
 Autodesk: *.iam, *.idw, *.ipt, *.ipn, *.ide, *.prt, *.asm, *.sat, *.ste, *.step, *.dwg, *.dxf, *.iges, *.igs
 Rhinoceros: *.3dm, *.rws, *.3ds, *.stp, *.step, *.raw, *.wrl, *.vrml, *.ai, *.eps, *.lwo, *.spl, *.vda, *.dwg, *.dxf, *.dgn, *.sldprt, *.sldasm
 SolidEdge: *.asm, *.dft, *.par, *.psm, *.mds, *.pwd, *.dgn, *.dxf, *.dwg, *.prt, *.sat, *.stp, *.step, *.x_b, *.xmt_bin, *.x_t, *.xmt_txt
 SOLIDWORKS: *.sldasm, *.asm, *.sldprt, *.prt, *.slddrw, *.drw, *.x_b, *.xmt_bin, *.x_t, *.xmt_txt, *.stp, *.step
 T-FLEX: *.grb

See also
CAx
CAM
CNC
Machining
Off-line robot programming

References

External links
 Official SprutCAM Website
 Official SprutCAM Robot Website

Computer-aided manufacturing software