omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ola Apenes. Ola Rasmus Apenes (23 August 1898 – 6 April 1943) was a Norwegian engineer, archaeologist and soldier.

He was born in Fredriksstad as a son of shipbroker Georg Apenes (1869–1902) and his wife Kitty, née Mørch (1872–1958). His brother Christian was a judge and politician. Through him, Ola was an uncle of politician Georg Apenes.

He finished his secondary education in 1916 and took an engineering education in the Swedish company ASEA as well as at ETH Zurich in 1923. In 1927 he travelled to the United States to work with railroad electrification, going on to Mexico in 1929 to work as a telephone engineer for Ericsson there. Once there, he became immensely interested in the ancient culture and archaeological artefacts to be found there. He took a university degree in Mesoamerican archaeology in 1933. Among others, he studied the field Chimalhuacán, and found it to have been a dwelling site in conjunction with the Lake Texcoco. He also studied cultural practices such as the Danza de los Voladores, and became known for photography and filming. He was published in several periodicals and in 1937 he was a co-founder of the Anthropological Society of Mexico ().  He was also a newspaper correspondent.

While in Mexico he started a relationship with anthropologist Frances Gillmor (1903–1993). She accepted a short tenure at the University of New Mexico in 1939; the same year the Second World War broke out. Together with another Norwegian expatriate, Gustav Strømsvik, Apenes endeavored to volunteer for the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile in Little Norway, Canada. Accepted in 1942, he started military training but died from appendicitis in April 1943. 

His posthumous work Mapas Antiguos del Valle de México (Ancient Maps of the Valley of Mexico) was published by Universidad Nacional de México in 1947. This work contributed significantly to the knowledge of the historical geography of the region and became an important reference for scholars and lovers of history.

References

1898 births
1943 deaths
People from Fredrikstad
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian archaeologists
Norwegian photographers
Norwegian cartographers
Norwegian newspaper reporters and correspondents
Norwegian expatriates in Sweden
Norwegian expatriates in Switzerland
Norwegian expatriates in Mexico
Norwegian expatriates in Canada
Norwegian Army Air Service personnel of World War II
20th-century archaeologists
Deaths from appendicitis
20th-century cartographers
Taiping rolling stock depot. Taiping rolling stock depot () is the rolling stock depot of Line 2, Suzhou Rail Transit with a total area of over 200 thousand square meters. It is located in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou.

Construction started in September 2011, and finished in December 2013 along with Line 2. This depot will also be combined with markets and apartments.

References

Suzhou Rail Transit
Railway depots in China
Werner Krüger. Werner Krüger (November 23, 1910 – October 21, 2003) was a German engineer who invented the Krueger flap in 1943.  He evaluated Krueger (Krüger) flaps in the wind tunnels of Göttingen Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt, AVA in 1944. Krueger flaps are aircraft lift enhancement devices fitted under the leading edge of an aircraft wing where a portion of the lower wing is rotated out in front of the main wing leading edge.  Boeing flight tested Krueger flaps on the B-707 prototype on 15 July 1954 and first used Krueger flaps in production for the B-727 maiden flight on 9 February 1963.    Leading edge Krueger flaps enhance wing's low speed lift production especially on swept wing aircraft.

References

External links 
 Hamburg University of Applied Sciences: German Development of the Swept Wing (German) (pdf-document)

20th-century German engineers
20th-century German inventors
1910 births
2003 deaths
German aerospace engineers
People from Kołobrzeg
People from the Province of Pomerania
AROW Street. AROW Street is a tunnel in Gibraltar that was excavated in 1942. The tunnel, like Gibraltar's Great North Road, was large enough to take Army ammunition trucks.

Description
The tunnel was planned in January 1942 and was designed to be large enough to accept Army trucks carrying ammunition. Along the tunnel were chambers intended to contain stores of ammunition and supplies. The tunnel is entirely within the Rock of Gibraltar behind the east side which overlooks the Mediterranean.

The name of the tunnel was based on the initials of the man in charge of the tunnel, Lt Col Arthur Robert Owen Williams (1905–1989) of 178 Tunnelling Company, Royal Engineers. He had trained as a miner in South Africa and was in charge of tunnelling operations in Gibraltar during World War II. When he left the army he was also given an OBE. Williams also gave his name to a road tunnel on the east side of the Rock called Williams Way.

One entrance during the Second World War was via Monkey's Cave. Soldiers in the Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers would enter AROW Street through Monkey's Cave and make their way to their instrument workshop located in the Rock. The engineers would get to their cave along this internal road.  Their cave had windows which allowed them to work with natural light and they could see views of the Straits of Gibraltar.

References

Tunnels in Gibraltar
Streets in Gibraltar
Hydrodefluorination. Hydrodefluorination (HDF) is a type of organic reaction in which in a substrate of a carbon–fluorine bond is replaced by a carbon–hydrogen bond. The topic is of some interest to scientific research. In one general strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds with a specific substitution pattern, the substrate is a cheaply available perfluorinated hydrocarbon. An example is the conversion of hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) to pentafluorobenzene (C6F5H) by certain zirconocene hydrido complexes. In this type of reaction the thermodynamic driving force is the formation of a metal-fluorine bond that can offset the cleavage of the very stable C-F bond. Other substrates that have been investigated are fluorinated alkenes. 
Another reaction type is oxidative addition of a metal into a C-F bond  followed by a reductive elimination step in presence of a hydrogen source. For example, perfluorinated pyridine reacts with bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) and triethylphosphine to the oxidative addition product and then with HCl to the  ortho-hydrodefluorinated product. 
In reductive hydrodefluorination the fluorocarbon is reduced in a series of single electron transfer steps through the radical anion, the radical and the anion with ultimate loss of a fluorine anion. An example is the conversion of pentafluorobenzoic acid to 3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoic acid in a reaction of zinc dust in aqueous ammonia.

Specific systems that have been reported for fluoroalkyl group HDF are triethylsilane / carborane acid,  and NiCl2(PCy3)2 / (LiAl(O-t-Bu)3H)

References

Organic reactions
Ulsan College. Ulsan College () is a private college with two campuses in Ulsan, South Korea. The East Campus is in Dong-gu and the West Campus in Nam-gu. It was founded on 8 April 1960 as the Ulsan Industrial Technology Institute. Hyundai Heavy Industries is the college's owner and financial sponsor.

History 
The Ulsan Industrial Technology Institute was founded as an affiliate of the College of Engineering at the University of Ulsan. The opening ceremony for the first school year was on 10 March 1973. The college was renamed the Ulsan Industrial Technical College on 1 March 1985, then renamed Ulsan College on 11 November 1998. The East Campus was opened on 17 March 2000.

Academics 
The college's four departments currently offer the following programs. All programs are offered at the East Campus, except where noted.

Engineering 
 Environment & Building Design (3-year program)
 Information Technology (3-year program)
 Digital Content Design
 Mechanical Engineering (3-year program, West Campus)
 Electricity & Electronics (3-year program, West Campus)
 Industrial Management (West Campus)
 Environmental & Chemical Industry (West Campus)

Liberal arts and science 
 Early Childhood Education (3-year program)
 Social Welfare
 Tax Accounting
 Distribution Management
 Business & Foreign Languages

Natural science 
 Nursing (4-year program)
 Physical Therapy (3-year program)
 Dental Hygiene (3-year program)
 Food & Nutrition (3-year program)
 Hotel Food Service & Culinary Arts

Sports and leisure 
 Athletic Training

Notable people 
 Jung Jung-suk (정정숙), a former South Korean women's football player, attended Ulsan College
 Jun Min-kyung (전민경), a South Korean women's football goalkeeper, attended Ulsan College
 Kim Ki-hoon (김기훈), a retired short track speed skater and Olympic gold medal, is a professor at Ulsan College
  (김순자), an independent candidate in the 2012 South Korean legislative election, previously worked as a manager of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions at Ulsan College
  (문소리), a South Korean football goalkeeper who won a bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Games, attended Ulsan College

See also 

 List of universities and colleges in South Korea

References

External links 
 Home page
 Home page 

Universities and colleges in Ulsan
Nam District, Ulsan
Educational institutions established in 1960
1960 establishments in South Korea
XCP (protocol). XCP (or) "Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol" is a network protocol originating from ASAM for connecting calibration systems to electronic control units, ECUs. It enables read and write access to variables and memory contents of microcontroller systems at runtime. Entire datasets can be acquired or stimulated synchronous to events triggered by timers or operating conditions. In addition, XCP also supports programming of flash memory.

ASAM states "The primary purpose of XCP is to adjust internal parameters and acquire the current values of internal variables of an ECU. The first letter X in XCP expresses the fact that the protocol is designed for a variety of bus systems."

In 2003, the protocol was standardized as "ASAM MCD-1 XCP".  XCP is a successor to CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP) that was developed back in the mid-1990s. At that time, CAN was the dominant networking system in the automobile industry. Over time, other bus systems such as LIN, MOST and FlexRay emerged and made it necessary to extend the protocol to other transport media. In addition, XCP supports synchronous and asynchronous serial interfaces. With Ethernet or USB as the transport medium, XCP can also serve as a standardized interface to analog measurement devices and to hardware interface converters to RAM emulators, JTAG or other microcontroller debug interfaces.

Due to its broad range of use, a primary goal in the development of XCP was to achieve as lean an implementation in the ECU as possible and high scalability of features and resource utilization. XCP can even be implemented on 8-bit microcontrollers for CAN or SCI with few resources, and it exploits the full potential of FlexRay or Ethernet on high-performance platforms.

As a two-layer protocol, XCP consistently separates the protocol and transport layers from one another and adheres to a Single-Master/Multi-Slave concept. XCP always uses the same protocol layer independent of the transport layer. The “X” in its name stands for the variable and interchangeable transport layer. Currently, the following transport layers are defined as standard by ASAM as of October 2016:

 XCP on CAN 
 XCP on CAN FD
 XCP on SxI (SPI, SCI) 
 XCP on Ethernet (TCP/IP and UDP/IP) 
 XCP on USB 
 XCP on FlexRay

In addition to supporting other transport layers, the successor to the CCP protocol contains many functional improvements such as:

 Better resource utilization in the ECU
 Synchronous data stimulation 
 Support of start-up measurements
 Optimized communication by block transfer commands
 Plug & play configuration 
 More precise measurement data acquisition by measuring the time stamps in the ECU (Slave)
 
XCP allows a client to access memory on the ECU using a format defined in a separate A2L file. Because the A2L format file contains all the information to access the information, the ECU code does not have to be recompiled to access different measurements or calibrations.

References

External links 
 ASAM official Web site of ASAM e.V.
 ASAM MCD-1 XCP description of the standard at the ASAM Web site
 Web page for ordering the free XCP Technical Book from Vector Informatik

Computer buses
Jaber Dam. Jaber Dam (from , in ), also known as Jabar Dam, is a dam in Kukherd city, southwestern  Kukherd District, Hormozgan Province, Iran.

Geology
The Chan Valley basin is located in the southern part of Zeer Mountain and southern Dasak Mountain is a beg Mount from Kukherd District () in the  city of Kukherd in  (Bastak County شهرستان بستک) Hormozgan Province.

An old wall which was built 200 years ago at the stream of Jan valley, located in Hadaba "doghal galagh" دُوكَل كَلاغ. The name was after Jaber who built this wall.

References 

Peter Jackson and Lawrence Lockhart (Ed) (1986), Vol. 6th,  The Cambridge History of Iran: Cambridge University Press
الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river,  third edition: Dubai
محمدیان، کوخری، محمد ، " (به یاد کوخرد) "، ج1. ج2. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار 2003 میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2003), Beyade Kookherd, third edition : Dubai.
محمدیان، کوخردی ، محمد ،  «شهرستان بستک و بخش کوخرد»  ، ج۱. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار ۲۰۰۵ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2005), Shahrestan Bastak & Bakhshe Kookherd, First edition : Dubai.
عباسی ، قلی، مصطفی،  «بستک وجهانگیریه»، چاپ اول، تهران : ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان
سلامى، بستكى، احمد.  (بستک در گذرگاه تاریخ)  ج2 چاپ اول، 1372 خورشيدى
اطلس گیتاشناسی استان‌های ایران [Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran] (Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran)
محمدیان، کوخری، محمد. (کوخرد سرزمین شاعران)  ج1. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار 200۵ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2005), Sarzamin Shaaran, First edition : Dubai.

External links 
 Kookherd website

Dams in Hormozgan Province
Reservoirs in Iran
Kukherd District
Buildings and structures in Kukherd District
Alois Wolfmüller. Alois Wolfmüller  (24 April 1864 – 3 October 1948) was a German engineer and inventor.

Life 
Wolfmüller was born in Landsberg am Lech.  Together with Heinrich and Wilhelm Hildebrand he developed the Hildebrand & Wolfmüller motorcycle. Heinrich and Wilhelm Hidebrand were steam-engine engineers before they teamed up with Alois Wolfmüller to produce their internal combustion Motorrad in Munich in 1894.

Wolfmüller was a friend of German pioneer Otto Lilienthal and developed different kind of early flying objects.

He died, aged 84, in Oberstdorf.

External links 

 
  History of the company Hildebrand & Wolfmüller, Munich
  Duplicate of a "Hildebrand & Wolfmüller" in spring 2008

References 

19th-century German inventors
Engineers from Bavaria
German aviation pioneers
1864 births
1948 deaths
Ikarbus IK-202. Ikarbus IK-202 is an articulated city bus built by the Serbian  bus manufacturer Ikarbus from 1996 until 2005.

The model IK-202 was developed from Ikarbus IK-201. In 1996 the production of older IK-161 model has been ceased. IK-202 is similar to IK-201, and IK-203 models. The main difference between those three models is that IK-201 has MAN engine, IK-202 has RABA engine and IK-203 has Mercedes engine. The further development of those models which has replaced them in production is IK-206, with vertical MAN engine which has replaced IK-202 from production.

It has 39 passenger seats made of two pieces of plywood (seat and back) on foundation of steel bars and bars for holding. Doors are four two-wing, pneumatically controlled and opened to the inside. There are seven windows with slide rule and four roof airshafts. The heating system consists from heater on front wall, three heaters in passengers compartment. Roof and sides are isolated.

The IK-202 is today used by GSP Belgrade and other public bus operators in Serbia but in smaller numbers than IK-201. Several IK-202 have been exported to Russia.

Technical data 

Maximum speed - 72 km/h
Number of passengers - 160
Weight of empty vehicle - 14100 kg
Battery - 2 x 12V / 180 Ah
Tank volume - 300 l
Suspension - Air with telescopic shock-absorbers and torsion stabilizer
Steering-wheel - PPT (ZF) / 8045

Dimension 
Length - 17.04 m
Width - 2.5 m
Height - 3.2 m
Height inside - 2.05 m
Height of floor from the ground - 0.9 m
Height of lowest stair from the ground - 0.345 m
Distance between front axles - 5.25 m
Distance between rear axles - 6.1 m
Front end to the front wheels - 2.82 m
Rear end to the rear wheels - 2.9 m

Maneuvering capabilities 
Smallest diameter of the most protruded wheel - 17.5 m
Smallest diameter of turning - 22.5 m

Engines 
Installed horizontally between axles
RABA / D10 UTSLL-190 (E2) - 190 kW (1900 rpm)

Transmission 
ZF S6-85 
Voith D864.3E automatic

See also 

 List of buses

References 

Ikarbus buses
Vehicles introduced in 1996
Mowag Ortsdienstwagen. In 1949 the Postal Telegraph and Telephone (Switzerland) ordered 214 MOWAG local company cars   (German Ortsdienstwagen). The vehicles had a right steering and space for a passenger. From the cab you can get into the cargohold, The cargohold can be left on both sides by sliding doors. The body is made with tapered pins and secured with 4 screws and can be removed easily with the help of Hissösen, the car was very easy to maintain so that the PTT own vehicle maintenance companies could change with little effort within 3 hours the engine and transmission.

References 

  Ruedi Baumann: „Alles“ was MOWAG schon bewegt hat - Auf Umwegen zum Welterfolg.   German only, SwissMoto. Bildpress Zuerich BPZ

Swiss brands
Vans
Vehicles of Switzerland
Mowag 3M1 Pirat. The armored MOWAG 3M1 Pirat was a prototype for an armored personnel carrier developed by the Swiss company Mowag.

History and development
Initiated by the development project of the future German Marder infantry fighting vehicle, which was evaluated and tested in the various test series, Mowag developed the 3M1 Model 1 - 6 infantry fighting vehicle in 1966, which was based on the Mowag Pirat 18.

The 3M1 was not procured. However, the development resulted in the Mowag gun carriage, 2000 of which were manufactured in Kreuzlingen for the Marder series, and the ball screens (gas-tight spherical firing flaps) used on the Marder, 8000 of which were supplied.

A special feature was the arrangement of the drive unit in the engine compartment, which was located in the center of the vehicle. Another innovation was the complete production of all drive components such as the engine, transmission, side-feed and cooling system at Mowag.

The 3M1 is now on exhibit in the Military Museum Full.

References 

Armoured fighting vehicles of Switzerland
Abandoned military projects of Switzerland
Military vehicles of Switzerland
MOWAG-AEG. 

History and development 
  
In cooperation with AEG built MOWAG 37 aircraft tug named Flz Sch 4x2 for the Swiss Air Force. The vehicles were used primarily to move the Dassault Mirage IIIS and Mirage III RS in and out of the aircraft caverns. A special feature compared to other aircraft tugs (e.g. Bucher aircraft tractor) was that in these, the aircraft could be suspended during the journey of the towing hook to keep the time between leaving the cavern and the lift off of the Mirage short. 

The Mirage began immediately upon leaving the "Vorstollens" to start their engine. Once the engine was running, the latch was released by the tractor driver and he drove from the plane away and turned to the right, so the Mirage freely under its own power could roll on the taxiway  to the runway. 

The aircraft tractors were in use from 1967 to 2003 by the Swiss Air Force. One is  now part of the Military museum Full.

References 

Aircraft ground handling
Tractors
Military vehicles of Switzerland
Ernst Gundlach. Ernst Gundlach (1834–1908) was a German-American inventor specialising in the design of optical instruments.

Life and career

Gundlach was born in Pyritz, East Prussia. At the age of 15, he was apprenticed to Carl Friedrich Lewert in Berlin, Germany to learn how to make optical instruments. After four years, having served his apprenticeship he worked in various workshops in Austria, France and England.

In 1876 Gundlach emigrated to the United States. He set up the microscope department of Bausch & Lomb. He later set up a number of optical companies. His first firm, the Gundlach Optical Company was established in Rochester, New York. In 1895 he left the company and founded a new one called Gundlach Photo-Optical Company (later renamed Ernst Gundlach, Son, and Company) which produced photographic lenses. In 1898 the Gundlachs left the company and it became the Rochester Lens Company. In 1904, Gundlach returned to Berlin, where he once again founded a business. He died in 1908

Patents 

  – Improvement in Microscopes – 1876 – October 3 – A screw-thread coarse focus, parallel spring fine focus, swinging substage.
  – Improvement in stages for Microscopes – 1877 – December 25 – Sliding stage used on many Bausch & Lomb microscopes.
  – Improvement in Object-Glasses for Microscopes – 1878 – January 1 – Cover slip correction mechanism for objectives.
  – Improvement in Microscope – 1879 – January 21 – Roller guide fine focus mechanism, glass stage plate, detachable object carrier.
  – Improvement in Eye-Pieces and Objectives in Telescopes and Microscopes – 1879 – December 2 – A triplet correction lens to be used in eyepieces.

References

1834 births
1908 deaths
American company founders
Pioneers of photography
People from Pyrzyce
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States