omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Optical toys. Optical toys form a group of devices with some entertainment value combined with a scientific, optical nature. Many of these were also known as "philosophical toys" when they were developed in the 19th century.

People must have experimented with optical phenomena since prehistoric times and played with objects that influenced the experience of light, color and shadow. In the 16th century some experimental optical entertainment - for instance camera obscura demonstrations - were part of the cabinets of curiosities that emerged at royal courts. Since the 17th century, optical tabletop instruments such as the compound microscope and telescope were used for parlour entertainment or salon presentations in richer households.

Other, larger devices - such as peep shows - were usually exhibited by travelling showmen at fairs.

The phenakistiscope, zoetrope, praxinoscope and flip book a.o. are often seen as precursors of film, leading to the invention of cinema at the end of the 19th century. In the 21st century, this narrow teleological vision was questioned and the individual qualities of these media gained renewed attention of researchers in the fields of the history of film, science, technology and art. The new digital media raised questions about our knowledge of media history. The tactile qualities of optical toys that allow viewers to study and play with the moving image in their own hands, seem more attractive in a time when digital transformation makes the moving image less tangible.

Several philosophical toys were developed through scientific experimentation, then turned into scientific amusements that demonstrated new ideas and theories in the fields of optics, physics, electricity, mechanics, etc. and ended up as toys for children.

List of optical toys

References

 
Lists of toys
Koombea. Koombea INC is an American digital product development company, established in 2007. The company specializes in mobile and web applications based on the open-source tool Ruby on Rails. The firm has offices in San Francisco and New York City in the US and Barranquilla in Colombia, and is headquartered in Miami, Florida. It was founded by Jonathan Tarud, who currently acts as the CEO of the company.

The company has developed Software development tools for sales, team and marketing management. 
Among them is Saasler, a tool that focuses on native integration to enhance product sales and promote brand loyalty. The application also includes several integration intelligence features, such as refreshing expired tokens, API throttling, security and data encryption, and a range of analytic. Convergely is a virtual assistant developed by Koombea, which works through integration with chat apps, like Slack and HipChat. The company has also developed Dashable, an app which builds up on the concept of time tracking.

References

Software companies of Colombia
American companies established in 2007
Software companies established in 2007
Software companies based in Florida
Software companies of the United States
Pratibimba. Pratibimba is a dashboard that showcases the performance of the government of the Indian State of Karnataka. Launched with the aim to improve efficiency in governance and allow citizens to track the government's progress, it has tools to report, track and measure departmental performance on governmental programmes, projects and promises made.

History

The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister's Office Real time Executive Dashboard (AP CM Dashboard) created and managed by Real Time Governance Society (RTGS) as part of the E-Pragati Programme went online in 2016. The Data in Dashboard updated in real time basis through IoT Devices, It will be operated directly from the Chief Minister's office and it will be considered as one of India's best e-governance initiative. Performance indicators and work carried out by 33 departments of the government could be accessed. Pratibimba, which translates to reflection, was modeled on this and was launched on 7 March 2017. Chief Minister of Karnataka Siddaramaiah said at the launch, "Pratibimba will help people across the state and the country to get a detailed information regarding the steps taken by us in fulfilling our promise of transparent, responsible and people friendly government."

References

Government of Karnataka
E-government in India
Nordic Omsider. The Nordic Omsider (English: at last or finally) is a Norwegian amphibious flying boat, designed by Terje Sandvik and Jostein Eide and under development by Nordic Aircraft AS of Kinsarvik. It was introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2014. Once in production the aircraft is intended to be supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Omsider was developed to provide an amphibious aircraft suited to Norwegian conditions. Conceived in the 1980s, development was started in 1999 and 20,000 person-hours and €600,000 have been invested in building the molds and the prototypes.

The design features a cantilever high-wing, with a stub lower wing/float, an enclosed cockpit, with two-seats-in-tandem under a forward-hinged bubble canopy, a T-tail, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from composite material. Its  span wing mounts flaps. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912ULS and Rotax 912iS four-stroke powerplants.

The initial prototype was built in Norway and has logged over 500 flying hours. It features outrigger floats. The second prototype was built under contract by ATEC v.o.s. in the Czech Republic. The wings and part of the tail are from the ATEC 321 Faeta and the second prototype features stub wings/floats.

Specifications (Omsider)

See also

References

External links
Official webpage

Omsider
2010s Norwegian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Flying boats
High-wing aircraft
Delbert Day. Delbert E. Day, a Curator's Professor Emeritus of Ceramic Engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology, made the first U.S. glass melting experiments in micro-gravity on NASA's Space Shuttle.

Day was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2004 for the development of radiotherapeutic glass microspheres and their transfer to medical applications. He is also a fellow of the Society of Glass Technology, American Ceramic Society, National Institute of Ceramic Engineers, and National Academy of Inventors.

Day earned a Bachelor of Science degree in ceramic engineering from the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy (now Missouri S&T) in 1958, and a Master of Science degree and doctorate in ceramic technology from Pennsylvania State University in 1959 and 1961, respectively.

Day co-invented TheraSphere glass microspheres for medical and dental applications, and Glasphalt which recycles waste glass for use in asphalt paving. In 1984, Day founded the Mo-Sci Corporation in Rolla, Missouri, which manufacturers high-tech glass products; as of 2007, the company was solely owned by Day's son, Ted. The company was acquired by Heraeus in 2021 after Ted died in 2020.

In 2011, the Delbert Day Cancer Institute was initiated at the Phelps County Regional Medical Center (now Phelps Health), funded by a gift from Day's son and daughter-in-law, Ted and Kim Day. The  facility, completed in January 2017, occupies the first two floors of a new building on the north side of the medical center campus.

Day and his wife, Shirley, donated to his Missouri S&T alma mater for establishment of a Day Family Endowed Scholarship in Materials Science & Engineering.

In May 2019, Day received the Distinguished Alumni Award from Penn State University, their highest honor for alumni.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Ceramic Society
Living people
Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni
Missouri University of Science and Technology faculty
Penn State College of Earth and Mineral Sciences alumni
InteGraphics Systems. InteGraphics Systems is a former computer graphics chip company, created in 1993 in Santa Clara, California. The name was changed to IGS Technologies in 1997. In 2000, the name was changed again to TVIA after the company changed directions and went into making display processors and converters for TVs and other devices.

Products

 IGA 1680
 IGA 1682 with software MPEG playback
 IGA 1683
 CyberPro 2000
 CyberPro 2000A
 CyberPro 2010 (also sold with the Tvia logo)
 Video ExcelPro 2000
 CyberPro 3000 - PixelSquirt engine
 CyberPro 5000
The IGS 1682 VGA had drivers for Windows 95 and Windows 3.x.

External links
 TVIA website
 Overview of the CyberPro 3000 chipset

References 

Defunct computer companies of the United States
Companies based in Santa Clara, California
American companies established in 1993
Defunct computer hardware companies
Plaxis. Plaxis (sometimes stylised in all caps; Plane strain and axial symmetry, indicating the geometric types handled in the original code) is a computer program that performs finite element analyses (FEA) within the realm of geotechnical engineering, including deformation, stability and water flow. The input procedures enable the enhanced output facilities provide a detailed presentation of computational results. PLAXIS enables new users to work with the package after only a few hours of training.

Plaxis BV was acquired by the American Bentley Systems, Inc. in 2018.

References

Further reading

External links

 

Computer-aided design software for Windows
1982 software
Finite element software
Geotechnical engineering software
Cold metal transfer. Cold metal transfer (CMT) is a welding method that is usually performed by a welding robot. The CMT machine detects a short circuit which sends a signal that retracts the welding filler material, giving the weld time to cool before each drop is placed. This leaves a smooth weld that is stronger than that of a hotter weld. This works well on thin metal that is prone to warping and the weld burning through the material. This type of welding is more efficient than other GMAW methods when the metal is thinner than 10mm, anything thicker and the expense begins to overcome traditional welding. Welding wire is fed through the system that is controlled by a computer, the computer adjusts things such as wire feed, welding speed, and amps going through the wire. This allows precise welding of materials like steel and aluminum, with very little slag and spatter, resulting in a cleaner finish weld.

Definition 
CMT is a subset of gas metal arc welding. It works by reducing the weld current and retracting the weld wire when detecting a short circuit, resulting in a drop-by-drop deposit of weld material. Developed for thin materials, CMT requires strict control of weld parameters.

History 
CMT was originally intended for joining sheet metal in the automotive industry, but has expanded to thicker materials.

Application 
Cold metal transfer is used to weld different types of metal with various thicknesses. This low voltage, low heat welding works well on thin sheet metal. It is also being used for thicker material where the integrity of the weld is important. When metal is overheated it affects its structural properties; CMT welding keeps the heat to a minimum, resulting in little change to the structure of the metal, and a stronger weld. Thin metal has a greater possibility of distorting when heated. During traditional GMAW welding, heat sinks or other heat protection had to be used to prevent the warping of the metal. Heat protection is not needed during the CMT process. CMT has a wide variety of applications in various industries such as small engine, automotive, and marine.

Specifications

References

External links 
 Cold metal transfer , Fronius welding processes

Welding
Austrian brands
Abbott 33. The Abbott 33 is a Canadian sailboat, that was designed by Jan Torben Larsen and Abbott Boats and first built in 1981.

The Abbott 33 is a development of Larsen's SCAN-KAP 99 design, which was built in Denmark.

Production
The boat was built by Abbott Boats in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The company built 40 examples starting in 1981, but it is now out of production.

Design

The Abbott 33 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel. The boat is fitted with a fresh water tank with a capacity of .

The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 126 with a high of 132 and low of 120. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Alajuela 33
Arco 33
C&C 3/4 Ton
C&C 33
C&C 101
C&C SR 33
Cape Dory 33
Cape Dory 330
CS 33
Endeavour 33
Hans Christian 33
Hunter 33
Hunter 33-2004
Hunter 33.5
Hunter 333
Hunter 336
Hunter 340
Marlow-Hunter 33
Mirage 33
Moorings 335
Nonsuch 33
Tanzer 10
Viking 33
Watkins 33

References

External links

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Jan Torben Larsen
Sailboat types built by Abbott Boats
Sirius 28. The Sirius 28 is a Canadian sailboat, that was designed by Hubert Vandestadt and first built in 1982. The design is out of production.

The designer, Hubert Vandestadt, is the nephew of Dutch boat designer Ericus Gerhardus van de Stadt.

Production
The boat was built by Vandestadt and McGruer Ltd in Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada between 1982 and 1987, with 120 examples completed.

Design

The Sirius 28 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 1GM diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 192 with a high of 199 and low of 189. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar sailboats
Alerion Express 28
Aloha 28
Beneteau First 285
Beneteau Oceanis 281
Bristol Channel Cutter
Cal 28
Catalina 28
Cumulus 28
Grampian 28
Hunter 28
Hunter 28.5
Hunter 280
O'Day 28
Pearson 28
Sabre 28
Sea Sprite 27
Tanzer 8.5
Tanzer 28
TES 28 Magnam
Viking 28

References

External links

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Hubert Vandestadt
Sailboat types built by Vandestadt and McGruer Limited
Blutec. Blutec Srl is a brand owned by Metec SpA, created in 2014 by acquiring the Italian automotive company Stola, which was founded in Turin in 1919. It is known for having taken over the former FIAT factory in Termini Imerese.

Activities 
Blutec inherited Stola Group activities, namely the production of car components. The production and design is carried out by 10 factories and 6 engineering offices deployed between Italy and Brazil.

In 2016, the company was helped by Invitalia and its 94 million euros to re-employ 120 ex-employees of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in Termini Imerese, a suburb of Palermo.

In September 2019, the owner of Metec SpA (Roberto Ginatta) and the CEO of Blutec, Cosimo Di Cursi, were investigated by prosecutors in Turin and Palermo for misappropriating 16 million euros from the Invitalia funds.

In June 2020, the 76 year old Roberto Ginatta was incarcerated, while Matteo Orlando Ginatta and Giovanna Desiderato were placed under house arrest, in the matter of the fraudulent sequestration of a big chunk of the Blutec-Invitalia funds.

On 20 December 2020, Metec SpA was declared bankrupt, while the Ginatta family had bought themselves a mansion in the woods of La Mandria regional park near Turin. The mansion has a floor area of 1,700 square meters (over 18,000 square feet) and 46 rooms and is equipped with various garages and a swimming pool; the surrounding wood (also subjected to seizure) extends for almost 5 hectares.

See also 
 Stola

List of Italian companies
Contract manufacturing

References

External links 
 www.blutecsrl.it  - Blutec official website (in Italian)

Italian brands
Manufacturing companies of Italy
Manufacturing companies established in 2014
Contract vehicle manufacturers
Italian companies established in 2014
Avedøre Holme Offshore Wind Farm. Avedøre Holme Offshore Wind Farm is a nearshore wind farm right off the coast of Avedøre, Copenhagen. It was commissioned in 2009 with three 3.6 MW Siemens turbines as a demonstrator project for future offshore wind turbines. Ørsted owns two turbines, and a private collective owns the third. Ørsted and partners build a 2MW hydrogen electrolysis station at Avedøre Power Station supplied by Ørsted's two turbines.

See also

Wind power in Denmark
List of offshore wind farms in Denmark
Avedøre Power Station

References 

Wind farms in Denmark
Ørsted (company) wind farms
Energy infrastructure completed in 2009
2009 establishments in Denmark
Christopher N. Bowman. Christopher N. Bowman (born March 9, 1967) is an American chemical engineer, and the James and Catherine Patten Endowed Chair at University of Colorado Boulder.

He earned a bachelor's degree and doctorate from Purdue University. Bowman began teaching at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1992, and was named a distinguished professor in 2012. He became a member of the National Academy of Medicine in 2018 and received the Roy W. Tess Award in Coatings from the American Chemical Society's Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering that same year. He became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2021.

Bowman married Kristi Anseth in 2003.

References

1967 births
Living people
University of Colorado Boulder faculty
American chemical engineers
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Jaime Peraire. Jaime Peraire (Catalan language: Jaume Peraire i Guitart), from Barcelona, is the H. N. Slater Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and former head of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He specializes in computational aspects of aeronautics and astronautics.

Education
 Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, 1983, Polytechnic University of Catalonia. (Entry degree in civil engineering)
 PhD, University of Wales, 1983.
 Doctor Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, 1987, University of Barcelona. (Doctorate in civil engineering)

Career
Peraire is the H. N. Slater Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He served as head of the department from 2011 until 2018. He is on the faculty of MIT's Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory. Previously he was a faculty member at the University of Wales and at Imperial College, London. He is a Fellow of both the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and  the International Association for Computational Mechanics. His research interests include numerical analysis, finite element methods, and computational aerodynamics. His teaching interests are computational mechanics, numerical methods for partial differential equations, and dynamics.

He is active in the international CDIO Initiative, an educational framework stressing engineering fundamentals.

Honors and awards
Among his honors and awards are:
 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Raymond L. Bisplinghoff Faculty Fellow,  2003-2006
 Honorary Professor, School of Engineering, University of Wales, Swansea, 2005
 H.N. Slater Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 2011
 Spanish Society for Numerical Methods in Engineering, SEMNI Prize, 2013
 Catalan Civil Engineers Association, Ildefons Cerdá Medal, 2015
 US Association for Computational Mechanics, T.J. Hughes Medal, 2015
 Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Honorary Doctorate, 2022

Publications
Peraire is the author of more than 250 articles and conference papers in his field.

Notes

References

External links 
 MIT Aeronautics and Astronautics Department

Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Alumni of the University of Wales
University of Barcelona alumni
1960 births
Agora Energiewende. Agora Energiewende is a think tank supporting the transition to clean energy in Germany. It is funded by  and the European Climate Foundation.

Its members debate under the Chatham House Rule and include Klaus Töpfer, Ottmar Edenhofer, and Claude Turmes.

In addition to studies specific to Germany, Agora published in 2016 an analysis on the economics of Hinkley Point C nuclear power station in the United Kingdom. Its analyses are quoted as part of the energy debate in other countries, including Denmark and the UK.

In December 2021,  stepped down as Executive Director to, like his predecessor, join the now Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action under Minister Robert Habeck (the Greens) as a permanent State Secretary. In July 2022, Frauke Thies took over the management together with Markus Steigenberger and also serves as Executive Director.

References

External links

Environmental organisations based in Germany
Scientific organisations based in Berlin
Think tanks based in Germany
Bell FCX-001. The Bell FCX-001 is an American conceptual helicopter design proposed by Bell Helicopter. It was first presented to the public at Heli-Expo 2017 in Dallas on March 7, 2017.

Design and development
On March 7, 2017, Bell Helicopter presented a conceptual, futuristic looking aircraft. The mock-up presented is configured for eight passengers, but will be capable of accommodating up to 12. On top of the aircraft are five "morphing" main rotor blades which aim to allow the tip of each blade to move between different flight regimes. This feature is supposed to maximize efficiency and performance and reduce noise. The airframe is slightly bigger than that of a Bell 412.

References

External links

 Bell FCX-001 page
 Bell’s FCX-001 Concept Helicopter Showcases Future Technology – AINtv
 Look Inside the Sleekest Helicopter That Will Never Fly – Bloomberg

Proposed aircraft of the United States
FCX-001
Asus Tinker Board. The Asus Tinker Board is a single-board computer launched by Asus in early 2017. Its physical size and GPIO pinout are designed to be compatible with the second and third-generation Raspberry Pi models. The first released board features 4K video, 2 GB of onboard RAM, Gigabit Ethernet and a Rockchip RK3288 processor running at 1.8 GHz.

Specifications

History
ASUS's intent to release a single-board computer was leaked shortly after CES 2017 on SlideShare. ASUS originally planned for a late February 2017 release, but a UK vendor broke the embargo and began advertising and selling boards starting on 13 February 2017, before ASUS's marketing department was ready. ASUS subsequently pulled the release; the Amazon sales page was changed to show a 13 March 2017 release date, but was later removed entirely. However, , the Tinker Board again became available on Amazon. ASUS assured reviewer websites that the board is now in full production.

Benchmarks
In January 2017 tests showed the Tinker Board has roughly twice the processing power of the Raspberry Pi Model 3 when the Pi 3 runs in 32-bit mode. Because the Pi 3 has not released a 64-bit operating system yet, no comparisons are available against a Pi 3 running in 64-bit mode.

In March 2017 benchmark testing found that while the WLAN performance is only around 30 Mbit/s, the Gigabit Ethernet delivers a full 950 Mbit/s throughput. RAM access tested using the mbw benchmark is 25% faster than the Raspberry Pi 3. SD card (microSD) access is about twice as fast at 37 MiB/s for buffered reads (compared to typically around 18 MiB/s for the Pi 3) due to the Tinker Board's SDIO 3.0 interface, while cached reads can reach speeds up to 770 MiB/s.

References

External links
 ASUS Tinker board product page
 Official support page for kernel and OS distribution download
 ASUS Tinker Board site

Asus products
Single-board computers