omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sarojini Naidu-class patrol vessel. Sarojini Naidu Class Fast Patrol Vessels are series of seven Mid Shore Patrol Vessels built by Goa Shipyard Limited at Vasco da Gama, Goa for the Indian Coast Guard produced between 2002 and 2006.

Introduction 
The Sarojini class of watercraft are seagoing, high speed, armed surveillance platform, capable of shallow water operations.

These vessels are primarily designed for anti-smuggling operations, anti-terrorist deployment, fisheries protection and search and rescue operations. These vessels can also support the navy during wartime, as a coastal convoy escort and a communication link.

Design 
Powered by three 2,720 kW MTU diesel engines, driving independent Kamewa water-jets, these vessels are designed for good maneuverability and are capable of operating in up to Sea State 4 and can withstand Sea State 6. The vessels have a top speed of 35 knots and have an operational range of 1,500 nm. They are equipped with a 30 mm CRN 91 Naval Gun at forward with two 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm machine guns, each installed on both sides of the board.

They are fitted with the latest satellite communication and navigation systems including differential global positioning system (DGPS), electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) and global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS). They have air-conditioned accommodation for a crew of 35 and have endurance of 7 days. The vessels in this series are eco-friendly, featuring an on-board sewage treatment plant and the gases used for air-conditioning are ozone layer friendly.

Ships of the class

Gallery

See also 
 Rajshree class
 Rani Abbaka class
 Priyadarshini Class
 Tarabai Class
 Rajhans Class
 Jijabai Class

References

External links 
 Article – Jane's 
 Indian Coast Guard History

Fast attack craft of the Indian Coast Guard
Patrol boat classes
Ships of the Indian Coast Guard
Neubot. Neubot (the network neutrality bot) is a free software Internet bot, developed and maintained by the Nexa Center for Internet and Society, that gathers network performance data useful to investigate network neutrality.

Description 
Once installed on the user's computer, it runs in the background and periodically performs active transmission tests with servers hosted by the distributed Measurement Lab server platform (and, in future, with other instances of the software itself). These transmission tests measure end-to-end network performance emulating different protocols (currently HTTP and BitTorrent) as well as transmitting and receiving "raw" data over TCP. Performance are measured at application level as well as at TCP level (using Web100).
Measurements results are saved both locally (where a localhost-only web user interface allows users to browse them
) and on Measurement Lab servers. They are collected for research purposes
and automatically published on the web
under Creative Commons Zero (public domain) allowing anyone to re-use them freely for the same purpose.

See also

Network Neutrality

References

External links
 Neubot home page
 Neubot github repository
 Basso, S., Servetti, A., & De Martin, J. C. (2011, June). The network neutrality bot architecture: a preliminary approach for self-monitoring of Internet access QoS. In Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2011 IEEE Symposium on (pp. 1131-1136). IEEE. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031834/http://www.neubot.org/neubotfiles/2011-iscc-paper.pdf
 De Martin, J. C., & Glorioso, A. (2008, June). The Neubot project: A collaborative approach to measuring internet neutrality. In Technology and Society, 2008. ISTAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002403/http://www.neubot.org/neubotfiles/istas08-neubot-paper.pdf
 "Neubot e Nexa Per Un Web Piu` Democratico" (in Italian)
 "Ma la rete e' ancora neutrale? Possiamo misurarlo con Neubot" (in Italian)
 "Servizi ADSL sotto esame" (in Italian)

Free software programmed in Python
Public domain databases
SmartOS. SmartOS is a free and open-source SVR4 hypervisor based on the UNIX operating system that combines OpenSolaris technology with bhyve and KVM virtualization. Its core kernel contributes to the illumos project. It features several technologies: Crossbow, DTrace, bhyve, KVM, ZFS, and Zones. Unlike other illumos distributions, SmartOS employs NetBSD pkgsrc package management. SmartOS is designed to be particularly suitable for building clouds and generating appliances. It was originally developed for and by Joyent, who announced in April 2022 that they had sold their business supporting and developing of Triton Datacenter and SmartOS to MNX Solutions. It is open-source and free for anyone to use.

SmartOS is an in-memory operating system and boots directly into random-access memory. It supports various boot mechanisms such as booting from hard drive, USB thumbdrive, ISO Image, or over the network via PXE boot. One of the many benefits of employing this boot mechanism is that operating system upgrades are trivial, simply requiring a reboot from a newer SmartOS image version.

SmartOS follows a strict local node storage architecture. This means that virtual machines are stored locally on each node and do not boot over the network from a central SAN or NAS. This helps ensure that network latency issues are eliminated as well as to preserve node independence. Multi-node SmartOS clouds can be managed via the open-source MNX Triton DataCenter (formerly known as SmartDataCenter) cloud orchestration suite or via the Project Fifo Open Source SmartOS Cloud management platform built on Erlang.

In 2012, Joyent and MongoDB Inc. (formerly 10gen) partnered to improve the scalability of SmartOS.

Virtualization
SmartOS includes a number of virtualization technologies, including:

 Zones, a light weight operating system-level virtualization; analogous to "jails" or "containers" as provided by other systems
 Hardware virtualization

Native Zones 
Native zones provide SmartOS applications isolation environment, based on Solaris Containers, an OS-level virtualization, without the  overhead of hardware-emulating HVM virtual machines.

LX zones (Linux system call emulation) 
LX-branded zones provide the Linux system call interface, enabling the execution of Linux application binaries without recompiling them for SmartOS. This facility is available in several illumos distributions, including SmartOS and OmniOS.

KVM 
KVM and QEMU were ported to SmartOS in 2011, and can be used on Intel CPUs with VMX and EPT support.

bhyve 
The Bhyve hypervisor from FreeBSD was ported to SmartOS. This is the preferred virtualization when required to use HVM for Windows or Linux guests.

References

External links 
 
 SmartOS Docs

Joyent
OpenSolaris
Solaris software
OpenSolaris-derived software distributions
Samsung software
Virtualization software
Free software programmed in C
Software using Common Development and Distribution License
Nitrogen monofluoride. Nitrogen monofluoride (fluoroimidogen) is a metastable species that has been observed in laser studies.  It is isoelectronic with O2.  Like boron monofluoride, it is an instance of the rare multiply-bonded fluorine atom. It is unstable with respect to its formal dimer, dinitrogen difluoride, as well as to its elements, nitrogen and fluorine. 

Nitrogen monofluoride is produced when radical species (H, O, N, CH3) abstracts a fluorine atom from nitrogen difluoride (NF2).  Stoichiometrically, the reaction is extremely efficient, regenerating a radical for long-lasting chain propagation.  However, radical impurities in the end product also catalyze that product's decomposition.  Azide decomposition offers a less-efficient but more pure technique: fluorine azide (which can be formed in situ via reaction of atomic fluorine with hydrazoic acid) decomposes upon shock into NF and N2. 

Many NF-producing reactions give the product in an excited state with characteristic chemiluminescence at 870 and 875 nm (infrared), or at 525–530 nm (green). They have thus been investigated for development as a chemical laser.

References

Nitrogen fluorides
Nitrogen compounds
Diatomic molecules
PTFE fiber. PTFE fiber is a chemically resistant material.  It is used in woven form in certain pump packings as well as in nonwoven form in hot gas bag filters for industries with corrosive exhausts.

Because PTFE is relatively insoluble and has a very high melting point, PTFE fibers can not be fashioned from conventional melt or solution spinning.  Instead they are made by combining particles of PTFE with cellulose, forming fibers of the cellulose and then sintering the PTFE particles (and charring the cellulose).  The remnant char gives the fiber a brown color.  It can be bleached white, although this reduces the strength.

References

Materials science
Fibers
Pit water. Pit water, mine water or mining water is water that collects in a mine and which has to be brought to the surface by water management methods in order to enable the mine to continue working.

Origin 
Although all water that enters pit workings originates from atmospheric precipitation, the miner distinguishes between surface water and groundwater. Surface water enters the pit through openings in the mine at the surface of the ground, such as tunnel portals or shaft entrances. During heavy rain, water seeps into the earth and forms ground water when it meets layers of impervious rock. Pit water is mainly interstitial water and groundwater that seeps into the mine workings.

See also
 Acid mine drainage

Literature

References 

Water management in mining
Underground mining
Geochemistry
Hydrogeology
Star Aviation LoneStar Sport Helicopter. The Star Aviation LoneStar Sport Helicopter is an American very light helicopter designed by Star Aviation Inc of New Braunsfels, Texas, for amateur construction.

The LoneStar was developed by Ken Rehler and Tom Carlson as a simple single-seat very light helicopter. Rehler formed Star Aviation to market the design in kit-form. The open-frame helicopter was powered by a  Rotax 582 piston engine.

Due to the death of Rehler, Star Aviation no longer produces and sells kits. The aircraft was later developed into the Redback Buzzard, but only one prototype was completed.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1990s United States helicopters
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Aviatika-900 Acrobat. 

The Aviatika-900 Acrobat is a 1990s Russian single-seat aerobatic monoplane designed and built by Aviatika Joint Stock Company. The aircraft is sometimes referred to as the MAI-900 Acrobat, the Moscow Aviation Institute being one of the constitute organisations when the company was formed in 1993.

Design and development
The Acrobat is an all-metal monoplane with cantilever wings and a strut-braced tailplane. It has a fixed landing gear with a steerable tailwheel and is powered by a  AOOT M-14P radial piston engine.

Operational history
The aircraft set five FAI-accredited records. The aircraft was sold to Lithuanian aerobatic pilot Jurgis Kairys.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1990s Soviet and Russian sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1993
Piccard Eureka. The Swiss Piccard Eureka was designed to be an easily transportable single seat three-axis ultralight. Its development was brought to a halt by the Swiss ban on ultralight aircraft in 1984.

Design and development

The Eureka was a small but conventionally laid out tractor configuration low-mid wing monoplane with an open cockpit and cruciform tail. It was formed from aluminium tubing with fabric covering. The wings were approximately semi-elliptical in plan and wire braced from above and below, with straight, unswept leading edges and curved trailing edges. The  root chord reduced to pointed tips.  Roll was controlled with wing warping from a conventional control column.

A  Rotax 277 single cylinder two-stroke engine in the nose at wing height drove a two-blade propeller, with the cockpit immediately behind. The pilot had a windscreen and behind him the seat back was faired into the short, thin fuselage section between the wing trailing edge and the tail. The vertical tail was kite shaped, with the longer triangular section above the wing and with the rest forming a short ventral fin. The whole rear section was hinged as a conventional rudder. The horizontal surfaces were each triangular and mounted on the fuselage, with the rear sections forming elevators.

The Eureka had a conventional fixed tail wheel undercarriage, with rubber suspended mainwheels on individual pairs of V-struts and linked by a cross axle. The tail wheel was held below the ventral fin on a long rearward strut from the fuselage. With wings and tail folded, the Eureka could be transported on the luggage rack of a medium-sized saloon car.

The Eureka was first flown in the early 1980s but its testing development ended when the Swiss government completely banned ultralight flying on the basis of noise pollution. This ban on ultralights was not lifted until 2005. Only one Eureka was ever built.

Specifications

References

External links
NACA 23015 airfoil

1980s Swiss aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Kensgaila VK-8 Aušra. 

The Kensgaila VK-8 Aušra is a 1980s Lithuanian single-seat agricultural monoplane designed by Vladas Kensgaila and built by Kensgaila Aircraft Enterprize.

Design and development
The VK-8 Ausra is a metal and composite monoplane with a fixed landing gear with a tailwheel. The Ausra has side-by-side seating for two and is powered by a  Vedeneyev M14P radial piston engine.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1980s Lithuanian civil aircraft
1980s agricultural aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1989
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics. National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB; Estonian  Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituut, or KBFI) is public non-profit research institute that carries out fundamental and applied research and engages in the development of the novel directions in material sciences, physics, chemistry, gene- and biotechnology, environmental technology, and computer science. in  Estonia, Tallinn at the address Akadeemia tee 23.

References

External links
 
 Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituudi seadus. Riigi Teataja (RT I 1998, 101, 1664). Vastu võetud 29.10.1998

1980 establishments in the Soviet Union
1980 establishments in Estonia
Biophysics organizations
Research institutes in Estonia
Science and technology in Estonia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology. The Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology is awarded once a year by the Inamori Foundation. The Prize is one of three Kyoto Prize categories; the others are the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences and the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy. The first Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology was awarded to Rudolf E. Kálmán, the "creator of modern control and system theory". The Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in fields which are traditionally not honored with a Nobel Prize.

Fields 
The Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology is awarded on a rotating basis to researchers in the following four fields: 
 Electronics
 Biotechnology and Medical Technology
 Materials Science and Engineering
 Information Science

Laureates 
Source: Kyoto Prize

Electronics

Biotechnology and medical technology

Materials science and engineering

Information science

See also 
 Kyoto Prize
 Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences
 Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
 List of Kyoto Prize winners
 List of computer-related awards
 List of computer science awards

References 

Kyoto Prize
Japanese science and technology awards
Information science awards
Computer-related awards
Kyoto laureates in Advanced Technology
Newbery–Vautin chlorination process. The Newbery-Vautin chlorination process is a method for extracting gold from its ore through the use of chlorination. This process was jointly developed by James Cosmo Newbery and Claude Vautin.

Background
The process of extracting and reducing gold from pyrite in gold ores using chlorine gas was initially introduced by Karl Friedrich Plattner around 1848.

Precursor preparation 

The Newbery-Vautin process and other processes based on chlorination were replaced by processes based on cyanidation, which used fewer reagents. Processes that are free of cyanide and emit less toxic byproducts have also been developed.

References

Chemical processes
Metallurgical processes
Gold mining
Softlab. Softlab GmbH was a software development and information technology consulting company who developed and deployed a software application called Maestro I, which was the first integrated development environment in the history of computing. Founded in Munich, Germany, in 1971, Softlab became a part of the BMW Group in 1992. In 2008, BMW merged Softlab and some subsidiary companies of Softlab Group into a new company named Cirquent.

See also
Christiane Floyd

Notes

Companies based in Munich
Defunct companies of Germany
Software companies of Germany
Rule of mixtures. In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material .  It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. In general there are two models, one for axial loading (Voigt model), and one for transverse loading (Reuss model).

In general, for some material property  (often the elastic modulus), the rule of mixtures states that the overall property in the direction parallel to the fibers may be as high as

where
  is the volume fraction of the fibers
  is the material property of the fibers
  is the material property of the matrix
In the case of the elastic modulus, this is known as the upper-bound modulus, and corresponds to loading parallel to the fibers. The inverse rule of mixtures states that in the direction perpendicular to the fibers, the elastic modulus of a composite can be as low as

If the property under study is the elastic modulus, this quantity is called the lower-bound modulus, and corresponds to a transverse loading.

Derivation for elastic modulus

Voigt Modulus 

Consider a composite material under uniaxial tension .  If the material is to stay intact, the strain of the fibers,  must equal the strain of the matrix, .  Hooke's law for uniaxial tension hence gives

where , , ,  are the stress and elastic modulus of the fibers and the matrix, respectively.  Noting stress to be a force per unit area, a force balance gives that

where  is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and  is the volume fraction of the matrix).

If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law  for some elastic modulus of the composite  and some strain of the composite , then equations  and  can be combined to give

Finally, since , the overall elastic modulus of the composite can be expressed as

Reuss modulus 

Now let the composite material be loaded perpendicular to the fibers, assuming that .  The overall strain in the composite is distributed between the materials such that

The overall modulus in the material is then given by

since , .

Other properties 

Similar derivations give the rules of mixtures for

 mass density: where f is the atomic percent of fiber in the mixture.
 ultimate tensile strength:
 thermal conductivity:
 electrical conductivity:

See also 
When considering the empirical correlation of some physical properties and the chemical composition of compounds, other relationships, rules, or laws, also closely resembles the rule of mixtures: 
 Amagat's law – Law of partial volumes of gases
 Gladstone–Dale equation – Optical analysis of liquids, glasses and crystals
 Kopp's law – Uses mass fraction
 Kopp–Neumann law – Specific heat for alloys 
 Richmann's law – Law for the mixing temperature 
 Vegard's law – Crystal lattice parameters

References

External links 
Rule of mixtures calculator

Materials science
Laws of thermodynamics
Meghna Group. Meghna Group is a Bangladeshi conglomerate. It is present in automobile, light engineering, bicycle, tire, cement, packaging and textile industries. Meghna Group was established by Mizanur Rahman Bhuiyan. It is Bangladesh's largest bicycle manufacturer and exporter. Meghna Group is also into the manufacture and export of garments. 
Meghna Group is also a car distributor for BMW, KIA, and Ford in Bangladesh. Recently, the company has started car manufacturing under the name of  Meghna Car Manufacturing Ltd.

Meghna Group has also invested in Prime Bank, a commercial bank in Bangladesh.

History
In January 2023, M&U Motors has launched Ford in Bangladesh as exclusive distributor of different models of Ford passenger and commercial vehicles.
In June 2023, Executive Motors launches BMW 735i in Bangladesh.
In 2024, Meghna Car Manufacturing started its operation by assembling KIA passenger cars in Bangladesh.

List of companies
 Meghna Car Manufacturing Ltd.
 Meghna Automobiles Ltd (Kia Motors, etc.)
 Executive Motors Ltd (BMW)
 M&U Motors Ltd (Ford)
 Veloce Bicycles
 Mohammad & Sons
 Kohler
 Hana System Limited 
 AlCa Industries Ltd.
 Alpha Carbon Technology Ltd. 
 Meghna Denims Ltd.
 Uniglory Washing Ltd.
 Transworld Bicycle Co. Ltd
 Uniglory Cycle Industries Ltd
 Mahin Cycles Ltd
 M&U Cycles Ltd.
 M&U Packaging Ltd.
 Beta Packaging Ltd.
 Uniglory Cycle Components Ltd
 Abrar Steels Ltd.
 Meghna Bearing Ltd.
 Meghna Rubber Industries Ltd
 Uniglory Wheels Ltd
 Meghna Knit Composite Ltd.
 Uniglory Packaging Industries Limited
 Meghna Mainetti Limited
 Uniglory Components Limited
 Siam-Bangla Industries Limited
 Executive Technologies Ltd. (Acer etc.)
 Executive Machines Limited (Apple etc.)
 Uniglory Paper & Packing Ltd
 Meghna Innova Rubber Co. Ltd.
 Cycle Life Exclusive Ltd.
 Antics Graphic Ltd.
 M&N Fashion.
 Meghna Melamine Industries Ltd. 
 Uniglory Tyres Industries Limited
 Executive Woodworks Ltd.
 Suntec Tyre Limited
Reflex packaging ltd.

See also
 List of companies of Bangladesh

References

External links
 

Manufacturing companies based in Dhaka
Manufacturing companies established in 1989
Conglomerate companies of Bangladesh