omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IQAN. IQAN is a trademark  for electronic control systems for mobile machinery, owned by Parker Hannifin corporation.

History
The CAN bus based system IQAN was developed by a small Swedish company around 1990-95. First version was introduced on the market 1995. Shortly after, around 1995 the Swedish company VOAC Hydraulics Co. bought this company and in February 1996 VOAC Hydraulics was acquired by Parker Hannifin.  The IQAN-system was integrated into Parkers product range of system components for mobile machinery.  The system has been further developed within the Parker organization.

IQAN 4.0 was released approximately 2015

IQAN 5.0 was released approximately 2017

IQAN 6.0 was released October 7th, 2019

IQAN 7.0 was released October 8th, 2023

Current
With the release of the new XC I/O modules, users now have more I/O options. The development system IQANdesign is now at version 7.02. An active user forum is present at https://forum.iqan.se/

Sources
VOAC history. VOAC Co., no longer existing company, is an acronym för Volvo-Atlas Copco as well as a trademark, USPTO registration No. 1828046, date March 29, 1994.

Notes

Control devices
Mobile technology
Chemical WorkBench. Chemical WorkBench is a proprietary simulation software tool aimed at the reactor scale kinetic modeling of homogeneous gas-phase and heterogeneous processes and kinetic mechanism development. It can be effectively used for the modeling, optimization, and design of a wide range of industrially and environmentally important chemistry-loaded processes. Chemical WorkBench is a modeling environment based on advanced scientific approaches, complementary databases, and accurate solution methods. Chemical WorkBench is developed and distributed by Kintech Lab.

Chemical WorkBench models
Chemical WorkBench has an extensive library of physicochemical models:
Thermodynamic Models
Gas-Phase Kinetic Models
Flame model
Heterogeneous Kinetic Models
Non-Equilibrium Plasma Models
Detonation and Aerodynamic Models
Membrane Separation Models
Mechanism Analysis and Reduction

Fields of application
Chemical WorkBench can be used by researchers and engineers working in the following fields:
General chemical kinetics and thermodynamics
Kinetic mechanisms development
Thin films growth for microelectronics
Nanotechnology 
Catalysis and chemical engineering 
Combustion, detonation and pollution control 
Waste treatment and recovering 
Plasma light sources and plasma chemistry 
High-temperature chemistry 
Education
Combustion and detonation, clean power-generation technologies, safety analysis, CVD, heterogeneous and catalytic reactions and processes, and processes in non-equilibrium plasmas are the main areas of interest.

External links
Chemical WorkBench web page
Video Review of Chemical Workbench-Tool for Modeling Reactive Flows and Developing Chemical Mechanisms

See also 
 Chemical kinetics
 Autochem
 Cantera
 CHEMKIN
 Kinetic PreProcessor (KPP)
 Laboratory information management system

References
1. https://web.archive.org/web/20090108090305/http://www.softscout.com/software/Science-and-Laboratory/Scientific-Modeling-and-Simulation/Chemical-Workbench.html 
2. 

3. 

Chemical engineering software
Chemical kinetics
Combustion
Computational chemistry software
Molecular modelling software
Karl Gehlen. Karl Gehlen was the chief designer of the German Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen GmbH company, formed on June 17, 1912 by Diplom Ingenieur Theodor Kober, a working associate of Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin.

External links
 

Members of the Early Birds of Aviation
German aerospace engineers
People from Düsseldorf
Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
C14H12. {{DISPLAYTITLE:C14H12}}
The molecular formula C14H12 (molar mass : 180.25 g/mol) may refer to:

 9,10-Dihydroanthracene
 Stilbenes
(E)-Stilbene
(Z)-Stilbene
 1,1-Diphenylethylene
 Octalene
 Heptafulvalene
Kleene Award. The Kleene Award 
is awarded at the annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) to the author(s) of the best student paper(s). A paper qualifies as a student paper if each author is a student at the date of the submission. Also eligible are authors who have graduated only recently, provided the submitted paper is based on work carried out when he or she still was a student. The award decision is made by the Program Committee.

The award is named after Stephen Cole Kleene, who did pioneering work in the field of logic as related to computer science.

Past recipients 
Past recipients of the Kleene award are tabulated below.

See also

 List of computer science awards
 Machtey Award

Notes

External links
 Kleene award

Computer science awards
Carolinium. Carolinium and berzelium were the proposed names for new chemical elements that Charles Baskerville believed he had isolated from the already known element thorium.

History 
During his time at the University of North Carolina, Baskerville experimented with thorium and published his results in 1901. He reported having separated thorium into three fractions with slightly different chemical properties: the known thorium and two new elements, carolinium (symbol Cn) and berzelium (symbol Bz).

The names derived from two sources:
 the first element was named for the State in which the university was located at which the experiments were done, North Carolina, and
 the other element was named after Jöns Jakob Berzelius, a renowned Swedish chemist and discoverer of silicon, selenium, cerium and thorium.

As a response to the publication Bohuslav Brauner claimed that he already stated the fact that thorium should be a mixture of several elements. 

In 1905, R. J. Meyer and A. Gumperz failed to replicate the results, and showed that thorium is only one element and not a mixture.

H. G. Wells's 1914 novel The World Set Free features an atomic bomb based on the similarly named "Carolinum". When detonated, the bomb continues to explode indefinitely.

References

Misidentified chemical elements
Thorium
Dragonfire II: The Dungeonmaster's Assistant. Dragonfire II: The Dungeonmaster's Assistant is a computer program published by Magicware for Apple, Commodore and IBM Personal Computers in 1985. The program, and its predecessor, were designed by Erik Brynjolfsson, who later became an MIT professor. Dragonfire II was written by Steven Bergstein, who worked for Magicware and Brynjolfsson at the time.

Use
The program is designed to assist a game master in managing table-top role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons and Tunnels & Trolls, allowing the user to enter material into the menu-driven program's tables for encounters, treasure, and for generating monsters and characters. The software allowed users to customize templates, permitting them to modify the system so that it would generate characters, encounters and other game requirements for a multiple role playing systems.

Ed Curtis reviewed the program for Computer Gaming World.

Reception
The software was reviewed in 1986 in Dragon #116 by Hartley and Pattie Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers concluded that "this program is highly recommended to all". Another 1986 review, in Computer Gaming World #33, praised the software's utility, and described it as being the most flexible and thorough of the products that were available on the market at the time.

See also
 List of role-playing game software

References

1985 software
Role-playing game software
Taiwan Railways Administration Elevatizion. TRA Elevation () is one of the methods used for Taiwan's "three-dimensional transport program", to solve the problem of railway lines barricading urban areas into pieces and causing traffic bottlenecks due to safety concerns of ground-level crossings, and limited overpasses or underpasses. The urban section of the original ground-level railway is elevated, or new sections of the tracks are built elevated from the start. Most of the railway treated this way is part of the national railway network in long-distance passenger or commuter rail rather than the urban rail transit system.

Other three-dimensional transport programs in addition to the "elevated" include: underground railway, constructing new highway crossings above the railroad, the construction of an outer ring railway to bypass urban areas, establishing new train stations in urban fringes as well as a series of programs to solve the problem of urban railway separation.

Taiwan Railways Administration operates routes for western Taiwan urban area, ground railways and influence on road traffic submitted improvement projects, via Ministry of Transportation Railway Reconstruction Engineering Bureau (originally named  "Ministry of Transportation Taipei urban area Underground Railway Engineering Bureau") and Taiwan Railway Administration (Taoyuan Elevated Railway) to office, part of engineering has been listed in New Ten Major Construction Projects of TRA MRTizion project.

Shortcomings
 Elevated railways cannot be completely silent, vibration disturbing nearby residents is greater than that of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR), both must have sufficient clearance or soundproof walls to insulate from the noise.
 The elevated railway technology can not effectively solve the integration of both sides of the development, only to reduce the gap.
 Scenic issue for some citizens.

Advantages
 In most cases, cheaper than underground railways
 Overhead rail is more often feasible than tunnels
 Lower maintenance costs
 No ventilation system or issues that come with it (maintenance, safety, etc.)
 Not affected by floods that cause disruption to the train service
 Allows high-speed travel
 Easy to expand
 Construction footprint is smaller than that of underground development

Completed
In recent years, elevation of TRA line segments has been completed at the following locations:
Mountain Line (Taichung Line) improvement in 1998.
Sijhi (Xizhi), Taipei in 2006, and Tri-track has been completed in October 2013.
Houlong on coast line in 2005.
Part of Yilan Station and Dongshan Station in 2005–2007.
Linbian, in January 2012.
, completed on November 2, 2014
, completed on August 23, 2015
, goes in operational at October 16, 2016

Under Consideration

Planning

Dajia-Wuri section of Coast Line, and planned to expand to double track

References

Elevatizion
Ariel 4. Ariel 4, known pre-launch as UK 4, was a British ionospheric research satellite, which was operated by the Science and Engineering Research Council. It was launched 11 December 1971, aboard an American Scout rocket. Experiments were designed to meet one scientific objective, making it the first mission-oriented satellite for the UK. It was also the first satellite in the Ariel programme to contain an American experiment. Ariel 4 decayed from orbit on 12 December 1978

Design

Development
Ariel 4 leveraged both the design and hardware of Ariel 3 to reduce costs. Ariel 4 used pieces of its predecessor's flight backup unit and spare parts. The satellite cost about 1.25 million pounds.

Operation
British Aircraft Corporation was the prime contractor. Ariel 4 had a launch mass of . It was the first satellite in the Ariel programme to be able to perform attitude maneuvers.

Sensors
It was the first satellite of the Ariel programme to have a mission-orientated payload, where all of the experiments are designed to research one scientific objective. The scientific objective was to "...study the interaction between high energy charged particles and electromagnetic radiation in the upper ionsphere and magnetosphere. Three of the five experiments on Ariel 3 were to determine a single scientific objective, so those three were improved for use on Ariel 4 and an additional experiment was added.

Experiments accounted for  of the spacecraft's mass.

It was also the first in the program to carry an American experiment.

Mission

Launch
The launch of Ariel 4 occurred at 20:47:01 GMT on 11 December 1971, from Space Launch Complex 5 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. It was conducted by NASA, using a Scout B-1 rocket.

Operations
Ariel 4 was placed into a low Earth orbit, with a perigee of , an apogee of , 82.9 degrees of inclination and an orbital period of 95.3 minutes as of 10 January 1972. It decayed from orbit on 12 December 1978.

See also

Notes

References

1971 in spaceflight
Space programme of the United Kingdom
Satellites formerly orbiting Earth
British Aircraft Corporation
Spacecraft launched in 1971
Spacecraft which reentered in 1978
UVa Online Judge. UVa Online Judge is an online automated judge for programming problems hosted by University of Valladolid. Its problem archive has over 4300 problems and user registration is open to everyone. There are currently over 100000 registered users. A user may submit a solution in ANSI C (C89), C++ (C++98), Pascal, Java,  C++11 or Python. Originally it began without the last three options, but the Java option was added in 2001, the C++11 option was added in 2014, then the Python option was added in 2016.

UVa OJ also hosts contests. In the contest environment the user has a limited time to solve a small set of problems

History 
The UVa OJ was created in 1995 by Miguel Ángel Revilla, a mathematician teaching algorithms at the University of Valladolid in Spain. Ciriaco García de Celis, an informatics student at the University of Valladolid, implemented the first version of the judge using Bash, and then developed and maintained it for more than eight years.

In April 1997, the judge became open to the public (not just students of the university). In November 1999 and 2000 UVa hosted the ACM-ICPC SWERC programming contest. In July 2000, UVa Online Judge started to host training contests. By September 2007, 5.9 million programs were submitted by more than 63000 users.

In September 2007 a new system, developed by Miguel Revilla Rodríguez, was launched at a new server at the Baylor University, the headquarters of the ACM-ICPC contest.

See also
 Competitive programming

References

External links 
 Official UVa website

Programming contests
Bit-Twist. Bit-Twist is a powerful libpcap-based Ethernet packet generator and packet capture editor, written in POSIX-compliant C, designed to complement tcpdump by replaying captured traffic from pcap files onto live networks. It supports Windows (using Npcap), Linux, BSD, and macOS, allowing the editing of key fields in Ethernet, ARP, IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, and TCP/UDP headers. It can also generate pcap files from its built-in templates, enabling packet creation without existing capture files, along with payload generation from uniformly distributed random bytes or fixed bytes, such as hex streams from Wireshark. Ideal for testing firewalls, IDS, IPS, routers, switches, load balancers, and other network equipment, it delivers performance that matches the line rate of NIC, up to 10Gbps.

External links 
Bit-Twist official website

Internet Protocol based network software
Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management. Desh Bhagat Institute of Engineering and Management (DBIEM) is an institution of higher education near Moga, Punjab, northern India, and about 70km from Ludhiana. The institute provides courses leading to a number of engineering and management qualifications and is affiliated with the All India Council for Technical Education and the Punjab Technical University.

Universities and colleges in Punjab, India
Engineering colleges in Punjab, India
All India Council for Technical Education
Business schools in Punjab, India
2009 establishments in Punjab, India
Educational institutions established in 2009
George Gibson Bussey. George Gibson Bussey (1829–1889) born in Ripon, Yorkshire, was a prolific inventor and patenter of sports and leisure equipment, including pneumatic rifles, tennis racquets, clay pigeon machines and dining furniture that converted into a billiard table.

He is best known for establishing the London based sporting goods manufacturer George G. Bussey & Co., whose factory at Rye Lane, Peckham, still stands today.

References

Grace's Guide: The Best of British Engineering, 1750-1960s
Sample advertisement from George Bussey & Co., c.1900
 http://www.cinedux.com/all-things-bussey.php

English inventors
1829 births
1889 deaths
Ventilation. Ventilation may refer to:

 Ventilation (physiology), the movement of air between the environment and the lungs via inhalation and exhalation
 Mechanical ventilation, in medicine, using artificial methods to assist breathing
 Respirator, a machine designed to move breathable air into and out of the lungs
 Ventilation (architecture), the process of "changing" or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality
 Ventilation (firefighting), the expulsion of heat and smoke from a fire building
 Ventilation (mining), flow of air to the underground workings of a mine of sufficient volume to dilute and remove noxious gases

See also 
 Heat recovery ventilation
 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort
 Mechanical fan
 Reebok Ventilator, a shoe
 Vent (disambiguation)
 Ventilator (disambiguation)
Bidirectional traffic. In transportation infrastructure, a bidirectional traffic system divides travellers into two streams of traffic that flow in opposite directions.

In the design and construction of tunnels, bidirectional traffic can markedly affect ventilation considerations.

Microscopic traffic flow models have been proposed for bidirectional automobile, pedestrian, and railway traffic. Bidirectional traffic can be observed in ant trails which have been researched for insight into human traffic models. In a macroscopic theory proposed by Laval, the interaction between fast and slow vehicles conforms to the Newell kinematic wave model of moving bottlenecks.

In air traffic control traffic is normally separated by elevation, with east bound flights at odd thousand feet elevations and west bound flights at even thousand feet elevations (1000 ft ≈ 305m). Above 28,000 ft (~8.5 km) only odd flight levels are used, with FL 290, 330, 370, etc., for eastbound flights and FL 310, 350, 390, etc., for westbound flights. Entry to and exit from airports is always one-way traffic, as runways are chosen to allow aircraft to take off and land into the wind, to reduce ground speed. Even in no wind cases, a preferred calm wind runway and direction is normally chosen and used by all flights, to avoid collisions. In uncontrolled airports, airport information can be obtained from anyone at the airport. Traffic follows a specific traffic pattern, with designated entry and exits. Radio announcements are made, whether anyone is listening or not, to allow any other traffic to be aware of other traffic in the area.

In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most lines were built double tracked because of the difficulty of coordinating operations in pre-telegraphy times.

Most modern roads carry bidirectional traffic, although one-way traffic is common in dense urban centres. Bidirectional traffic flow is believed to influence the rate of traffic collisions. In an analysis of head-on, rear-end, and lane-changing collisions based on the Simon-Gutowitz bidirectional traffic model, it was concluded that "the risk of collisions is important when the density of cars in one lane is small and ... the other lane['s] is high enough," and that "heavy vehicles cause an important reduction of traffic flow on the home lane and provoke an increase of the risk of car accident."

Bidirectional traffic is the most common form of flow observed in trails, however, some larger pedestrian concourses exhibit multidirectional traffic.

References

Further reading

 

 

 "As shown, the two links 100, 102 have mutually opposite traffic directions. This means that in the joining, the complex road junction can get a bidirectional traffic indication."

Air traffic control
Chirality
Pedestrian infrastructure
Public transport by mode
Rail infrastructure
Road traffic management
Waterways
Sanshiro Kume. was a radiochemist who lectured at Osaka University. He has been described as an "outspoken anti-nuclear power plant scientist".

Kume served as an adviser to residents who filed a lawsuit to try to stop the Monju Experimental Breeder Reactor from being built. He also led a panel of experts who examined official reports on the 1995 sodium coolant leak at the Monju reactor. Kume also assisted residents who "lodged Japan’s first lawsuit seeking annulment of a permit to build a nuclear power reactor in Ikata, Ehime Prefecture in 1973".

References

Japanese anti–nuclear power activists
2009 deaths
1926 births
Academic staff of Osaka University
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic. ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (ACM TOCL) is a scientific journal that aims to disseminate the latest findings of note in the field of logic in computer science. It is published by the Association for Computing Machinery, a premier scientific and educational society on computer science and computational technology in the United States.

The editor-in-chief is Anuj Dawar (University of Cambridge). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 0.625.

See also
ACM SIGLOG, ACM's Special Interest Group on Computational Logic

References

External links

Transactions on Computational Logic
Computer science journals
Logic in computer science
Echoes of Apollo. Echoes of Apollo is an international organisation formed in January 2009 by Pat Barthelow (USA) and Robert Brand (Australia).  Robert has worked on international space projects including Apollo 11 communications and Pat has limited experience with Bouncing amateur radio transmissions off the Moon - EME (communications). Echoes of Apollo operates a space oriented science education and outreach program that has a strong focus on space history. It works with groups around the world to promote space and space flight. Its defining message is:
Celebrating the past, Living the present; Promoting the future of space exploration

The organization is the creator of World Moon Bounce Day. A global event where both commercial and amateur radio operators bounce signals off the surface of the Moon and back to Earth. World Moon Bounce Day was first celebrated on June 27, 2009 (GMT) with some events starting some hours earlier. Countries around the world participate as the Earth turns and during a 24-hour event the Moon is visible to all countries. In amateur circles, the activities are also known as EME (communications) (Earth-Moon-Earth). The first World Moon Bounce Day had Apollo astronaut Bill Anders as a guest. His interview was bounced off the Moon as part of the activities. The University of Tasmania in Australia with their 26m dish was able to bounce a data signal off the surface of the Moon which was received by a large dish in the Netherlands. The data signal was successfully resolved back to data setting a world record for the lowest power data signal returned from the Moon with a transmit power of 3 mW - about 1,000th of the power of a strong flashlight filament globe.

Listen to greetings from children recorded in the Netherlands for the first World Moon Bounce Day''' and bounced of the Moon's surface: 

The next World Moon Bounce Day'' was scheduled for the month preceding Apollo 13's 40th anniversary in March or April 2010.

Echoes of Apollo also provide a news clipping service for space news. Its main focus is on space missions, but also contains interesting astronomy news, especially when associated with radio telescopes. It is updated regularly during the week and can be viewed at: . The website provides significant information about the Apollo program and the communications network that supported the program. (http://www.wia.org.au/members/armag/2009/august/)

External links
 Official site

References

Amateur radio
Lunar science
Spaceflight