omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rhenium diselenide. Rhenium diselenide is an inorganic compound with the formula ReSe2. It has a layered structure where atoms are strongly bonded within each layer. The layers are held together by weak Van der Waals bonds, and can be easily peeled off from the bulk material.

Synthesis

Rhenium diselenide with a thickness as small as a triple-atomic layer can be produced by chemical vapor deposition at ambient pressure. A mixture of Ar and hydrogen gases is flown through a tube whose ends are kept at different temperatures. The substrate and ReO3 powder are placed at the hot end which is heated to 750 °C, and selenium powder is located at the cold end which is kept at 250 °C.

2 ReO3 + 7 Se → 2 ReSe2 + 3 SeO2

Properties

As most other dichalcogenides of transition metals, rhenium diselenide has a layered structure where atoms are strongly bonded within each layer and the layers are held together by weak Van der Waals bonds. However, while most other layered dichalcogenides have a high (hexagonal) symmetry, ReSe2 has a very low triclinic symmetry, and this symmetry does not change from the bulk to monolayers.

References

Rhenium(IV) compounds
Selenides
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Monolayers
Rhenium disulfide. Rhenium disulfide is an inorganic compound of rhenium and sulfur with the formula ReS2. It has a layered structure where atoms are strongly bonded within each layer. The layers are held together by weak Van der Waals bonds,  and can be easily peeled off from the bulk material.

Production 
ReS2 is found in nature as the mineral rheniite. It can be synthesized from the reaction between rhenium and sulfur at 1000 °C, or the decomposition of rhenium(VII) sulfide at 1100 °C:

Re + 2 S → ReS2
Re2S7 → 2 ReS2 + 3 S

Nanostructured ReS2 can usually be achieved through mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and chemical and liquid exfoliations. Larger crystals can be grown with the assistance of liquid carbonate flux at high pressure. It is widely used in electronic and optoelectronic device, energy storage, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions.

Properties 
It is a two-dimensional (2D) group VII transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). ReS2 was isolated down to monolayers which is only one unit cell in thickness for the first time in 2014. These monolayers have shown layer-independent electrical, optical, and vibrational properties much different from other TMDs.

Structure 
Bulk ReS2 has a layered structure and a platelet-like habit. Different crystal structures were proposed for ReS2 based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. While all authors agree that the lattice is triclinic, the reported cell parameters and atomic arrangements slightly differ. The earliest work describes ReS2 in a triclinic unit cell (sp. gr. P, a = 0.6455 nm, b = 0.6362 nm, c = 0.6401 nm, α = 105.04°, β = 91.60°, γ = 118.97°) as a distorted variant of the CdCl2 prototype (1T structure, trigonal space group Rm). In comparison with ideal octahedral coordination of the metal atoms in CdCl2, the Re atoms in ReS2 are displaced from the centers of the surrounding Se6 octahedra and form Re4 clusters that are linked to chains in the b direction. A later study proposed a more accurate description of the crystal structure. It reports a different triclinic cell (sp. gr. P, a = 0.6352 nm, b = 0.6446 nm, c = 1.2779 nm, α = 91.51°, β = 105.17°, γ = 118.97°) with the doubled c parameter and swapped a and b, α and β. There are two layers in this unit cell, related by symmetry centers, and the chains of clusters run along the a axis. Each layer form parallelogram-shaped connected clusters with Re-Re distances of ca. 0.27-0.28 nm in the cluster, and ca. 0.29 nm between clusters. There is one more structure description of ReS2 published in in yet another triclinic cell (sp. gr. P, a = 0.6417 nm, b = 0.6510 nm, c = 0.6461 nm, α = 121.10°, β = 88.38°, γ = 106.47°) where only one layer is present and the centers of symmetry are in the Re layer. The current consent is that the latter work might have overlooked the doubling of the c parameter captured in.

Natural Occurrence
Rhenium disulfide is known in nature as the very rare mineral rheniite.

References 

Rhenium(IV) compounds
Disulfides
Transition metal dichalcogenides
Monolayers
Vladimir Bolotin. Vladimir Vasilyevich Bolotin (; March 29, 1926 in Tambov – May 28, 2008 in Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian physicist in the field of solid mechanics, Doctor of Sciences, Distinguished Professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1992), Academician of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (since 1993), Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Foreign Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (since 1996). Laureate of the 1985 USSR State Prize and of the 2000 State Prize of the Russian Federation.

He graduated from the Russian University of Transport in 1948. In 1950, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation. In 1952, he defended his doctoral dissertation.

He started working at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1953. From 1958 to 1996, Vladimir Bolotin headed the Department of Dynamics and Durability of Machines.

He was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1974.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin. In 1999, he was awarded the Alfred M. Freudenthal Medal (American Society of Civil Engineers).

Bolotin is the author of over 350 published scientific papers, including 25 monographs.

References 

1926 births
2008 deaths
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Academic staff of Moscow Power Engineering Institute
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Russian physicists
Soviet physicists
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
Garfield Electronics Doctor Click. The Doctor Click is a rhythm controller manufactured by the American company Garfield Electronics.  It was released in 1982.

In the pre-MIDI era, the Doctor Click enabled various different synthesizers and drum machines to communicate with each other.

It features two independent channels.

There are also footswitch inputs for Play, Reset and Enter.

Modulation
The unit features modulation control for VCO, VCF and VCA sections of synthesizers.

Design
The unit is constructed in a metal case, uses microswitches and a screen for reading the tempo.

Programming
You can step program the device by selecting Timebase 12 and use the Step button to enter the step count for each note.

References

Electronic musical instruments
Electronic dance music
Audio engineering
Seiko DS-250. The DS-250 was an electronic keyboard manufactured in 1985 by Seiko and was considered a commercial failure. It was capable of generating  both digital and additive sounds. It is expandable with two expander units DS-310 and DS-320.

Features
The unit used additive synthesis for sound generation, chorus and ports included MIDI In, Out and Through, RCA outputs (stereo), Headphones and level controls for both channels. It also has on board speakers. It is capable of running either a single sound or two sounds at once, either layered or split, and each of these can be used on its own MIDI channel (there are small dials on the end of the keyboard to set each channel).

There are 16 preset sounds and these are all editable within a very limited context of volume, sustain (3 levels) and a variable vibrato (with vibrato delay switch). You can change the detune and pitch intervals between the two layered sounds.

DS1000 sequencer
A MIDI 1000 note sequencer called the DS1000 was also produced for use with the DS-250 (and other MIDI devices) in 1986. It had four buttons Record, play, stop and pause, a tempo slider.

Famous Users
 Jean-Michel Jarre First Rendez-vous and Last Rendez-vous (Ron's piece) from the album Rendez-Vous.

Sounds
Mostly known for its pad and bell type sounds.

References

Electric and electronic keyboard instruments
Seiko
Polyphonic synthesizers
XING Mobility. XING Mobility is a provider of electric vehicle powertrain and battery technology. XING Mobility was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan.

Background
XING Mobility was founded by Royce YC Hong and Azizi Tucker. Xing Mobility was launched with the aim of developing race-derived advanced engineering and technology and supplying it to the global smart mobility market. The company's first electric concept car, Miss E, debuted at the 2017 EV Taiwan exhibition alongside an early version of the company's second concept car, Miss R.

Vehicles

Miss E
Miss E is the first prototype electric race car developed by XING Mobility. Miss E was primarily developed as a platform in order to test some of the company's technologies. Miss E has a 450V motor, which produces 400 hp and 430Nm (221 ft.lb.) of torque. The battery pack is rated at 33 kW·h. Miss E has a claimed top speed of 288 to 300 km/h (179-186 mph) depending on configuration.

Miss R
Miss R also a prototype electric vehicle. It has been designed to be driven both on-road and off-road. The manufacturer claims a 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) time of 1.8 seconds, a 0–200 km/h (0-124 mph) time of 5.1 seconds, and a projected top speed of over 270 km/h(168 mph).

It is considered to be proof of concept for the company's battery pack system. The design of the battery system allows each cell to be immersed in a non-conductive thermal transfer fluid. Its battery pack, which consists of 98 modules each containing 42 lithium-ion cells, is capable of producing one megawatt of power (the equivalent of 1341 horsepower). The company reports the battery has a capacity of 52 kW·h. The battery pack is user changeable and has been designed to be changed in less than 5 minutes.

The initial concept car measures 4,000 (L) x 1,800 (W) x 1,300mm (H), while its wheel base is 2,950mm and its mass is 1,500 kg.

Miss R was displayed at Goldman Sachs' Asia Pacific TechNet Conference held in Hong Kong on May 24, 2018, as well as AutoTronics Taipei held at Nangang Exhibition Center from April 11 to 14, 2018.

References

Car manufacturers of Taiwan
Companies based in Taipei
Taiwanese companies established in 2015
Electric vehicle manufacturers of Taiwan
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2015
Peter Calder. Peter Henry Calder OBE FREng (25 February 1926 - 31 August 2013) was a British mechanical engineer; he was head of the development of the engine programme for Concorde.

Early life
He was born in Switzerland. He attended Imperial College London.

Career

De Havilland Engines
He worked for the de Havilland Engine Company, working at their Gas Dynamics Laboratory in Hertfordshire.

Rolls-Royce

Bristol-Siddeley had been formed on 1 February 1959, when Bristol Aero-Engines Ltd merged. On 1 April 1962, Bristol Siddeley took the assets of De Havilland Engine Company Ltd. Rolls-Royce in the 1950s or early 1960s had not, by contrast, similarly acquired smaller companies.

In the late 1970s he was Project Director for the Rolls-Royce RB.2211-22B.

Concorde
By 1965 he was assistant chief engineer of the Olympus 593 project, later becoming chief engineer. He was technical director of Rolls-Royce at Filton (Bristol Siddeley until 1968), when the engines (Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 twin-spool turbojet) for the BAC Concorde were being developed. Brian Calvert was Concorde's flight manager, with whom he worked closely.

Personal life
He was awarded the OBE in the 1976 New Year Honours. He married Mary, who died on 29 December 2015. He lived in Portishead, North Somerset. He died 31 August 2013 after a long illness aged 87.

References

1926 births
Concorde
Alumni of Imperial College London
British mechanical engineers
De Havilland
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from North Somerset (district)
Rolls-Royce people
2013 deaths
Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean. The Solar Decathlon is an initiative of the Department of Energy of the United States (DOE) in which universities around the world compete with the design and construction of sustainable housing that works 100% with solar energy. It is called “Decathlon" since universities and their prototypes are evaluated in 10 criteria: architecture, engineering and construction, energy efficiency, energy consumption, comfort, sustainability, positioning, communications, urban design and feasibility and innovation.

Solar Decathlon Latin American and Caribbean 2019 
The 2019 edition of the Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean  will take place in Cali, Colombia.

Participating teams
 : Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
 : Arturo Prat University, Chile
 : Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
 , : Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali + Universidad Federal Santa Catarina + Instituto Federal Santa Catarina, Colombia/Brasil
 : National Service of Learning, SENA, Colombia
 : Universidad de San Buenaventura + Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Colombia
 : University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena Department, Colombia
 : National University of Colombia, Colombia
 , : Universidad de la Salle + Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe University, Colombia/Alemania
 : University of Los Andes (Colombia)
 : Universidad del Valle, Colombia
 : Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia
 : Western Institute of Technology and Higher Education, México
 : National University of Engineering, Perú
 : Universidad de Sevilla, España

Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean 2015 
The first Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean was held on the campus of Universidad del Valle in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, in December 2015.

The top finishers were:

 : La Casa Uruguaya, Universidad ORT Uruguay (Uruguay)
 : Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali and Universidad ICESI (Colombia)
 , : Universidad de Sevilla and Universidad Santiago de Cali (Spain-Colombia)

The other participating teams were:

 : Team Heliot MET  London Metropolitan University,  (United Kingdom)
 : Team YARUMO  Pontifical Bolivarian University (Colombia)
 : Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago de Chile (Chile)
 : Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá (Colombia)
 : Sena Valle del Cauca (Colombia)
 : Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
 , : Universidad la Salle and Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Colombia-Germany)
 : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería del Perú
 : Universidad San Buenaventura and Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Colombia)
 : Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Campus Querétaro (México)
 : National University of Colombia (Colombia)
 , : Technological University of Panama and Western New England University (Panamá-United States)

See also
 Solar Decathlon Africa
 Solar Decathlon China
 Solar Decathlon Europe
 Solar Decathlon Middle East

References

External links
U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon

Sustainable building
Building engineering
Sustainable architecture
Low-energy building
Energy conservation
Solar Decathlon
Latin America and the Caribbean
Nationalization of electricity in Quebec. Nationalization of electricity in Quebec includes two series of events that led to the creation of Hydro-Québec in 1944 and the nationalization of private electricity companies in Quebec in two steps.

In 1944 the first nationalization allowed the province of Quebec to take control of Montreal Light, Heat and Power which had exercised a monopoly on the sale of electricity and gas in the Montreal area.  The second phase was initiated by the government of Jean Lesage in 1962 and was linked to the reforms of the Quiet Revolution.

The two nationalizations of electricity allowed Hydro-Quebec to become one of the main producers of electricity in North America, to develop ambitious hydro-electric projects in the North of Quebec and to give Quebec's consumers low and consistent electrical rates.

See also 

 History of Hydro-Québec
 Quiet Revolution
 Quebec nationalism

References 

Energy in Quebec
Hydro-Québec
Politics of Quebec
History of Quebec
Nationalization
Granzella. Granzella Inc. is a Japanese video game developer based in Ishikawa, Japan. The company is formed from former Irem staff and engaged in planning, production and sales of console games. The company is known for developing the latest entry in the Disaster Report and  R-Type series.
Granzella was established in April 2011 by former staff of Irem Software Engineering Inc. (hereafter referred as Irem) after the cancellation of multiple video game projects as a result of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The name of the company is derived from "Granzella Revolution Army," which appeared in R-Type Tactics II: Operation Bitter Chocolate, a game from the R-Type series developed by the staff at Irem.

After the company's establishment, Granzella mainly focused on developing content for PlayStation Home. On June 30, 2014, the company was split into two business divisions: "Granzella Inc." which focused on visuals and "Granzella Overseas Entertainment Inc." which focused on developing games for Western audiences and smartphones.

In December 2014, Granzella acquired IP and distribution rights of the Disaster Report series in all areas of the world, including future titles, from Irem. The company then announced the restart of development work for Disaster Report 4 Plus: Summer Memories, which was previously in limbo after Irem halted development of the game, and began distribution of previous titles through downloadable services and arcades.

In September 2015, the company announced a joint project with Bandai Namco Entertainment, which eventually became City Shrouded in Shadow. The game was described as a spiritual successor to the Disaster Report series. In November of that year, the company announced the establishment of Gz Studios, a video game development studio, and Granzella Music, a music sub-label.

In August 2019, Gz Studios was renamed to Granzella Game Studios.

Games developed by Granzella

Notes

References 

Video game companies of Japan
Japanese companies established in 2011
Video game companies established in 2011
Companies based in Ishikawa Prefecture
Video game development companies
Plumb BGP-1. The Plumb BGP-1 is a British single-seat homebuilt biplane developed by Barry Plumb.

Design and development 
The aircraft is patterned after the Pitts Special and is made predominantly from wood. The first example of Plumb's biplane was built between 1975 and 1986 and is on a Popular Flying Association (now Light Aircraft Association) permit to fly.

The aircraft was originally powered by a Volkswagen 1834 engine but now uses a Jabiru 2200A model

A second example, was finished in 2015 and uses a Volkswagen 1834 engine.

Specifications (prototype)

See also 
Similar aircraft
 EAA Biplane
 Currie Wot
 Tipsy Nipper

References 

1980s British sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1986
IBM 4767. The IBM 4767 PCIe Cryptographic Coprocessor is a hardware security module (HSM) that includes a secure cryptoprocessor implemented on a high-security, tamper resistant, programmable PCIe board. Specialized cryptographic electronics, microprocessor, memory, and random number generator housed within a tamper-responding environment provide a highly secure subsystem in which data processing and cryptography can be performed. Sensitive key material is never exposed outside the physical secure boundary in a clear format.

The IBM 4767 is validated to FIPS PUB 140-2 Level 4, the highest level of certification achievable for commercial cryptographic devices. The IBM 4767 data sheet describes the coprocessor in detail.

IBM supplies two cryptographic-system implementations:

 The PKCS#11 implementation creates a high-security solution for application programs developed for this industry-standard API.
 The IBM Common Cryptographic Architecture (CCA) implementation provides many functions of special interest in the finance industry, extensive support for distributed key management, and a base on which custom processing and cryptographic functions can be added.

Toolkits for custom application development are also available.

Applications may include financial PIN transactions, bank-to-clearing-house transactions, EMV transactions for integrated circuit (chip) based credit cards, and general-purpose cryptographic applications using symmetric key algorithms, hashing algorithms, and public key algorithms.

The operational keys (symmetric or RSA private) are generated in the coprocessor and are then saved either in a keystore file or in application memory, encrypted under the master key of that coprocessor. Any coprocessor with an identical master key can use those keys. Performance benefits include the incorporation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and format preserving encryption (FPE) in the hardware.

Supported systems 
IBM supports the 4767 on certain IBM Z, IBM Power Systems, and x86 servers (Linux or Microsoft Windows).

 IBM Z: Crypto Express5S (CEX5S) - feature code 0890
 IBM Power Systems: feature codes EJ32 and EJ33
 x86: Machine type-model 4767-002

History 
As of April 2016, the IBM 4767 superseded the IBM 4765 that was discontinued.

The IBM 4767 is supported on all platforms listed above. The successor to the 4767, the IBM 4768, was introduced on IBM Z, where it is called the Crypto Express6S (CEX6S) and is available as feature code 0893.

References

External links
These links point to various relevant cryptographic standards.

 ISO 13491 - Secure Cryptographic Devices:  https://www.iso.org/standard/61137.html
 ISO 9564 - PIN security: https://www.iso.org/standard/68669.html
 ANSI X9.24 Part 1: Key Management using Symmetric Techniques: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+X9.24-1-2017
 ANSI X9.24 Part 2: Key Management using Asymmetric Techniques: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+X9.24-2-2016
 FIPS 140-2: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.140-2.pdf

Cryptographic hardware
Banking technology
4767
Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn. Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn (born 18 February 1968) is a Swedish academic and professor of information systems. Since December 1, 2017 Bergvall-Kåreborn is the vice-chancellor at Luleå University of Technology.

Bergvall-Kåreborn defended her thesis ("A Multi-Modal Approach to Soft Systems Methodology") in 2002 at Luleå University of Technology. Since 2009 she is professor of information systems. She has also been the university's pro vice chancellor.

References

1968 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Luleå University of Technology