omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Windy (weather service). Windy is a Czech company providing interactive weather forecasting services worldwide.

The portal was founded by Ivo Lukačovič in November 2014, initially focusing on wind animation. It has since expanded to include various essential meteorological parameters, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, cloud base, and additional panels featuring more advanced data. The wind animation component is based on the open-source project earth by Cameron Beccario.

As of May 2018, it had a team of six employees, and 300,000 users visited the site per day.

List of weather models

Global models
 GFS (Resolution 22 km)
 ECMWF (Resolution 9 km)
 ICON by German DWD (Resolution 6 km for Europe, 13 km for global)
 Meteoblue AI Global Model

Local models
 NEMS by Swiss company Meteoblue (Resolution 4 km for Europe)
 NAM Conus by NOAA (Resolution 5 km for continental US)
 NAM Alaska (Resolution 6 km for Alaska)
 NAM Hawaii (Resolution 4 km for Hawaii)
 HRDPS by ECCC (Resolution 2.5 km for Canada)
 AROME by Météo-France (Resolution 1.25 km for France, Germany and the Alps)

References

External links
 

Meteorological companies
Weather prediction
Floristic Quality Assessment. Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is a tool used in the United States to assess an area's ecological integrity based on its plant species composition. Floristic Quality Assessment was originally developed in order to assess the likelihood that impacts to an area "would be irreversible or irretrievable...to make standard comparisons among various open land areas, to set  conservation priorities, and to monitor site management or restoration efforts." The concept was developed by Gerould Wilhelm in the 1970s in a report on the natural lands of Kane County, Illinois. In 1979 Wilhelm and Floyd Swink codified this "scoring system" 
for the 22-county Chicago Region.

Coefficient of conservatism

Each plant species in a region is assigned a coefficient of conservatism, also known as a C-value, ranging between 0 and 10. A plant species with a higher score (e.g. 10) has a lower tolerance to environmental degradation such as overgrazing or development and therefore is naturally restricted to undisturbed, remnant habitats. Non-native plants are either assigned a C-value of 0 or are excluded from assessments. In the Chicago Region, 84% of the native plant species have a C-value of 4 or greater. Plants with a C-value of 4 or greater rarely naturally move from a remnant area to surrounding degraded land. For example, the federally endangered Dalea foliosa has a C-value of 10.

C-values are assigned within specific ecological and geographic regions by botanical experts familiar with the species' autecology within the respective regions. , there were more than 50 different FQA databases ranging from the Gulf Coastal Plain to western Washington, though most databases represented regions in the eastern and central United States and Canada.

The mean C-value () is calculated based on an inventory of plants. An area with a native mean C-value of 3.5  or higher likely has "sufficient floristic quality to be of at least marginal natural area quality." Remnant natural areas with mean C-values of 4.0 or greater are unmitigable.

Floristic Quality Index
The Floristic Quality Index (FQI, or Rating Index according to Swink and Wilhelm) is calculated by multiplying the mean C value by the square root of the total number of species:

For example, the FQI for Nelson Lake Marsh was 78 in 1994  and that for Russell R. Kirt Prairie was about 30 in 1999.

References

External links
 Universal FQA

Biodiversity
Environmental conservation
Community ecology
Measurement of biodiversity
Index numbers
Summary statistics for categorical data
EL/M-2258 ALPHA. The EL/M-2258 ALPHA ("Advanced Lightweight Phased Array") is a multi-function active electronically scanned array naval radar system. It was developed by IAI Elta, for maritime installation on medium-sized combat ships such as corvettes, frigates and larger vessels. It is capable of tracking both air and surface targets, providing fire control and splash spotting guidance with target classification. ALPHA is an acronym of Advanced Lightweight Phased Array Naval Radars.

Operators 
The radar is installed in medium-sized combat ships of the Israeli navy.

Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat
Sa'ar 5-class corvette

Future Operators

Sa'ar 72-class corvette

 Miguel Malvar-class frigate

References 

Sea radars
Military radars of Israel
Elta products
Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Technical Campus. Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Technical Campus (VAST TC), is a privately financed engineering college in Thiruvananthapuram District in Kerala situated at Kilimanoor.The college offers a degree in Bachelor of Technology and courses in five branches of engineering -  Civil, Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics, Electronics and Communication, Mechanical. 
The college was established and is administered by Vidya International Charitable Trust (VICT), a body formed by more than a thousand non-resident Keralites mostly based in the Arab States of the Persian Gulf.

Vidya Academy of Science and Technology Technical Campus is accredited by NAAC with "B++" Grade in 2022.

See also 
 Vidya Academy of Science and Technology, Thrissur

References

External links
 Vidya Academy Kilimanoor, Official Website
 Vidya International Charitable Trust, Official Website

All India Council for Technical Education
Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram
Private engineering colleges in Kerala
Vidya Academy of Science and Technology
Nieuport-Delage NiD 50 HB.4. The Nieuport-Delage NiD 50 HB.4 was a twin-engined bomber / reconnaissance floatplane, designed in the latter half of the 1920s, to the 1928 HB.4 specification from the Service Technique de l'Aéronautique (STAé), for a four-seat seaplane bomber. Development was cancelled before the first prototype was completed.

Development
Issued in January 1928, the STAé published an offshore torpedo bomber seaplane HB.4 specification. Nieuport-Astra responded and exhibited the partially complete NiD 50 HB.4 at the 1928 Paris Aero Salon. The aircraft was a large monoplane skinned entirely with light alloy sheet supported on two  long all-metal floats and powered by two  Gnome & Rhône 9A Jupiter radial engines.

The 4 crew members were to have consisted of a gunner in the nose, pilot, navigator and gunner in the rear fuselage.

Specifications (NiD-50 HB.4)

References

1920s French aircraft
FS Class E.331. FS Class E.331 was a class of three-phase electric locomotives of the Italian State Railways. Eighteen of these 2′C2′ locomotives were built between 1914 and 1919 by Breda and Brown-Boveri.

Overview
Eighteen of these locomotives were built by Breda, with electrical parts by Brown-Boveri, between 1914 and 1919. The class had the same pole-changing system as the E.330 which allowed an increase in the number of economic speeds to four. Until a few years earlier, only two speeds could be obtained with the arrangement of cascade or parallel traction motor connections. In the E.331, a further two economic speeds could be obtained by changing the number of poles on the traction motors. One of the limitations of the machine, and the source of numerous failures, was the type of rotary switch used to vary the number of poles. Current was picked up from the two-wire overhead line by two pantographs, both continuously in use. The locomotive was built on a rigid frame, with three coupled axles driven by two jackshafts connected to the motors by inclined connecting rods. The front and rear bogies had smaller diameter wheels, as was usual for the locomotives of the time.

Service
Class E.331 locomotives were used between Turin and Bussoleno, on the Frejus line. The 2′C2′ machines, with  maximum speed and power of about , were at their ease, especially on the flat or on gentle gradients.

References

Further reading
    Giovanni Cornolò, Locomotive elettriche FS, Parma, Ermanno Albertelli Editore, 1983, pp. 85-88.

E.331
Three-phase AC locomotives
 Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
2′C2′ locomotives
2-C-2 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1914
Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno. Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno was an Italian company producing steam locomotives and cars, active from 1887 to 1918.

Origins

The origins of the engineering company are to be found in a framework of political agreements of the economic-military alliance assumed by the Kingdom of Italy, the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the early 1880s. Favoured by these international cooperation agreements, the German company Maschinenfabrik Esslingen founded the Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno in the Varese municipality and began to manufacture its renowned steam locomotives in Italy.

Production
Between 1887 and 1913, the company built steam locomotives of various track gauges for a number of railway companies. Beginning in 1894, it began assembling Peugeot Type 3 cars, produced under a Peugeot license and with engines supplied by the French company.

World War I
During the First World War, the company converted to war production. At the end of the conflict the company, until then predominantly backed by German capital, was acquired by the engineer Nicola Romeo with backing from a Swiss bank, but it appears that Romeo closed the plant in 1918 and did not revive it until 1925.

Nicola Romeo
In 1911 Nicola Romeo (later the owner of Alfa Romeo) founded the limited partnership Ing. Nicola Romeo e Co. for the production of mining machinery. The company soon began to specialize in the production of railway rolling stock, taking advantage of the opportunities offered by the emerging internal combustion engine technology to license some of the first Italian railcars. After some years of inactivity, Romeo re-started the Costruzioni Meccaniche plant as CEMSA in 1925.

See also 
 Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno locomotives

External links 
Existing Locomotives of Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno

References

Italian companies established in 1887
1918 disestablishments in Italy
Engineering companies of Italy
Steam locomotives of Italy
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1887
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1918
Saronno
Software Product Line Conference. The Software Product Line Conference SPLC is an international conference which is held annually.

The conference was started based on previous conferences, a Software Product Line Conference organised by Software Engineering Institute in the US and Product Family Engineering Workshops.
Today the SPLC is established as knowledge exchange for existing and new software product lines within different industries such as automotive, avionics, medicine which share the same targets such as reducing development cost, increasing quality and at the same time to maintain flexibility.

Previous conferences were held in Denver, Bilbao, San Diego, Siena,  Boston, Rennes, Baltimore, Kyoto, Limerick, San Francisco, Jeju Island, Munich, Salvador, Tokyo, Florence, Nashville, Beijing, and Sevilla.

The following companies have been elected in the Hall of Fame for their achievement in software product line engineering: Boeing, Robert Bosch GmbH, CelsiusTech, Cummins, Danfoss, Ericsson, FISCAN, General Motors, Hewlett Packard, HomeAway, Lockheed Martin, LSI Logic, Lucent, Market Maker, Nokia, Philips, Salion, Siemens, Toshiba, U.S. Army Live Training Transformation, and U.S. Naval Research Laboratory.

Since 2016 an award for the most influential paper has been established. 2016 Don Batory was awarded, 2017 the award was given to Krzysztof Czarnecki, Ulrich Eisenecker of the University of Leipzig.

References 

Software industry
Computer science conferences
Young Woman Engineer of the Year Award. The Young Woman Engineer of the Year Awards are presented at the Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, England. Part of the IET Achievement Medals collection, the award was launched in 1978, and was originally known as the Girl Technician of the Year, until renamed in 1988. The award was first sponsored by the Caroline Haslett Memorial Trust, which was formed in 1945. It is now funded and sponsored by the Institution of Engineering and Technology and  Women's Engineering Society. Awarded to young female engineering apprentices in the UK.

Recipients of the Young Woman Engineer of the Year Awards 
 2020 Ella Podmore
 2019 Ying Wan Loh
2018 Sophie Harker
 2017 Ozak Esu
 2016 Jenni Sidey
 2015 Orla Murphy
 2014 Naomi Mitchison
 2013 Abbie Hutty
 2012 Yewande Akinola
 2011 Charlotte Joyce
 2010  Arlene McConnell

Related awards

The Mary George Memorial Prize for Apprentices 

Mary George CBE was the Director and Secretary of the Electrical Association for Women. The prize is given annually to a young woman apprentice.

The winners so far have included:
 2019 Samantha Magowan
2018 Shajida Akthar
 2017 Jamie D’Ath
 2016 Gemma Dalziel
 2015 Emma Goulding
 2014 Jessica Bestwick
 2013 Sara Underwood
 2012 Jessica Jones
 2011 Laurie-Ann Smith

Women’s Engineering Society Prize 

The Women's Engineering Society Prize is awarded to a young woman engineer who demonstrates exceptional talent within engineering alongside a commitment to improving diversity within engineering.

The winners so far have included:
 2022 Eneni Bambara-Abban
 2021 Eftychia Koursari
 2020 Shrouk El-Attar
2019 Dr. Claire Lucas, Associate Professor of Systems and Information Engineering at the University of Warwick
2018 Lorna Bennet
 2017 Larissa Suzuki
 2016 Bethan Murray
 2015 Helen Cavill
 2014 Lucy Ackland
 2013 Yasmin Ali
 2012 Charlotte Tingley
 2011 Kelly Walker
 2009 Farah Azirar
 2008 Bijal Thakore
 2007 Mamta Singhal
 2006 Maire McLoone
 2005 Rachael Johnson
 2004 Claire Woolaghanwon

Gender Diversity Ambassador Award 
The Gender Diversity Ambassador Award was introduced in 2019 to recognise an individual who has worked for much of their career to support gender equality in engineering.

Winners:

 2019 Wing Commander Glynis Dean, Royal Air Force Youth and Diversity Team.

See also

 List of engineering awards

References 

1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
Awards established in 1978
British science and technology awards
Engineering awards
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Robert Daglish. Robert Daglish (1779-28 December 1865) was a colliery manager, mining, mechanical and civil engineer at the start of the railway era.

Daglish was born in North East England. He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1830. He died at Orrell on 28 December 1865 and is buried at the Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Upholland. He had married Margaret Twizel in 1804. Their children included George (1805-1870), who became a surgeon and Robert.

Daglish moved to Lancashire in 1804 where he was employed by Lord Balcarres to manage Haigh Foundry and the adjacent Brock Mill Forge. While at Haigh he built pumping, winding and blast engines which in their day were described as "improved and efficient machines".

Around 1810, Daglish moved to Orrell where he was appointed manager of John Clarke's Orrell Colliery. Having seen the rack locomotives John Blenkinsop designed for the Middleton Railway near Leeds in 1812, under licence, he built the Yorkshire Horse to the same design as Blenkinsop's Salamanca.  He converted the colliery wagonway between the collieries at Winstanley and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Crooke to a running track with stone sleepers and iron rails. The locomotive was built at Haigh Foundry. Under Daglish's management the colliery was extremely profitable. He built a second locomotive and said they each did the work of 14 horses saving the company about £500 per year.

Daglish supervised much of the construction work on the Bolton and Leigh Railway which opened in 1828.
he rebuilt the locomotive, Novelty, for the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway in 1833. With his son, Robert who erected the machinery for that railway's inclined planes, they operated the line from 1839 until 1848. Daglish was consulted by other railway companies such as the Newcastle & Carlisle Railway in 1832 and the Great North of England Railway. He won a prize in the London and Birmingham Railway's competition for the best design for rail chairs. In North America, Daglish was consulted by the Baltimore and Susquehanna, the Boston and Providence, the New York and Harlem and Norwich and Worcester Railroads.

Robert Daglish (1809-1883)

Daglish's son, Robert (1809-1883) was also an engineer. He trained with Hick and Rothwell in Bolton before moving to Lee Watson and Company's St Helens Iron Foundry. The foundry supplied machinery for mills, mines, waterworks, glassworks, and railways. Iron lattice truss bridges were supplied to the Liverpool and Bury Railway in 1846. He was also a railway contractor.

References

Citations

Bibliography

English mining engineers
Rack railways in the United Kingdom
British steam engine engineers
Engineers from Lancashire
British railway pioneers
Novelty Automation. Novelty Automation is an amusement arcade of satirical game machines in Holborn, London. The machines are constructed by cartoonist and engineer Tim Hunkin, often by hand, and the arcade includes an expressive photo booth, an interactive divorce and a "small hadron collider". The arcade also includes three of Hunkin's machines which were once on display at Cabaret Mechanical Theatre's Covent Garden exhibition: The Frisker, Test Your Nerve and The Chiropodist.

Background
Opened in February 2015, Novelty Automation is Tim Hunkin's second arcade, the first being The Under The Pier Show in Southwold where he created a number of "reinvented" amusement arcades. Hunkin said of his creations in 2017 that "It's just a hobby that took over my life really, it beats working."

Novelty Automation is Hunkin's tribute local history of popular entertainment in London, a place he has said he has an almost "missionary zeal" for. Hunkin has professed his sadness for the commercialisation of the city and he believes people appreciate Novelty Automation's political incorrectness and it being an antidote to the corporatisation of fun.

Discussing the venue's Housing Ladder slot machine, in which a player walks the treadmill steps of a physical ladder in order to move an automated figure towards a model house, Hunkin has said "I don’t think political art has an enormous effect, but in the short term it is satisfying to reinforce people’s disrespect of the villains." Hunkin spoke more on the subject at a talk he gave at Novelty Automation in November 2016 arguing that reinforcing people's disrespect for its targets is the primary purpose of satirical art, "but in the long term it can also contribute to change: there comes a point where the villains can no longer laugh it off".

Machines

Hunkin's machines at Novelty Automation have a technological style that blends old school electromagnetic approaches to movement - motors, pulleys and gears – with some aspects of more modern technology, used for video, sound and programming. Hunkin believes he is exploring a "limitless territory" and that modern world is too focused on “amazing software and simple physical interfaces… very few machines are the other way round".

References

External links

Amusement arcades
Greig & Beadon's Patent Light Railway. Greig & Beadon's Patent Light Railway was a patented system of narrow gauge locomotives and rolling stock.

History 
Locomotives built by John Fowler for light railway systems had small wheels and as a result apparently suffered initially from their working parts being too near to the ground, and so being exposed to dust and dirt. In July 1880, his employees Alfred Greig and William Beadon were granted a patent for a locomotive with a jackshaft drive, which meant the cylinders could be raised much further above the track. It had very short vertical coupling rod from the jackshaft to the rear axle just below it; the rod was cranked to allow the valve eccentrics to be mounted inboard of the crank. The gearing arrangement had been patented, which regulated the speed and movement of the engine.

In South Africa, India, Australia, China, the Straits Settlements, West Indies, Hawaiian Islands and other places, the gauge was  to , the locomotives weighed 7 or 8 tons and could carry safely a load of 80 tons at a speed of . A light railway of still narrower gauge to connect farms with a main line of light railway could be built for $1,000 a mile while offering great benefit to farmers, if there was plenty of produce to be carried. Under the Greig system of light railways the cost was $5,000 a mile outside of England, while in England the cost was increased to $7,500 to $10,000 a mile, on account of preliminary Parliamentary expenses and increased cost of right of way.

Approximately eleven of these jackshaft drive locomotives were delivered to sugar plantations in the Hawaiian islands. The first Australian one was a  gauge example purchased by John Spiller for his River Estate in 1881. Airdmillan Mill in the Burdekin District imported a  gauge 0-4-2T Fowler Patent locomotive in 1882. In 1882, the Colonial Sugar Refining Company imported at least two Fowler Patent 2-4-0T locomotives for their new Victoria Mill. A 0-4-2T Patent locomotive imported by the Mourilyan Sugar Company in 1883 has been preserved at the Australian Sugar Museum, the only surviving example of its type in the world. In all, about a dozen Patent locomotives were imported by sugar mills in Queensland. Fowler patent locos 4666 to 4667 of 1883 were supplied to Chile via W. & J. Lockett, who were active agents and ship-owners in Chile and Peru.

Steam, gas, electricity and oil could be used to operate the engines. It was said that oil presented the advantage of freedom from noise, smoke and sparks, which was an important point when there are many stacks and hay fields along the line. Only one man was required to manage the engine, and, if the supply of oil ran short, a fresh supply could be got at almost every village through which the line ran. A great deal of interest has been taken in light railways, but certain proposed speed regulations have hampered promoters in getting capital interested.

Further reading 
 Mark Smithers: The Royal Arsenal Railways: The Rise and Fall of a Military Railway Network. Pen and Sword, 2016.

References 

Light railways