omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Military aerodrome traffic zone. A military aerodrome traffic zone (MATZ) is the airspace surrounding a military aerodrome in the United Kingdom.

Purpose
Military aerodrome traffic zones have been established as detailed by the UK AIS and are listed in ENR 6-17. They provide protection to military aircraft traffic in the critical stages of circuit, landing and takeoff. 

A MATZ airspace classification is the same as the airspace classification within which it lies, mostly class G (open airspace) in the UK. In the centre of the MATZ is an aerodrome traffic zone, ATZ.

The MATZ airspace has no legal recognised status under the UK Air Navigation Order (ANO) for civil pilots and no prior permission is required to enter it. For safety and good airmanship, pilots are strongly encouraged to obtain 2-way radio communications with the controlling air traffic service before transitting the airspace.

Dimensions
 The MATZ is centred on the midpoint of the longest runway.
 The main airspace is a zone 5 nautical miles in radius from the surface to 3,000 feet above aerodrome level (aal).
 One or two stubs may project from the main airspace above, aligned with the selected runway. The stubs' dimensions are 5 nautical miles long, 4 nautical miles wide, 1000 feet to 3000 feet aal.

Exceptions to the above dimensions exist for certain military aerodromes.

References

Air traffic control in the United Kingdom
British military aviation
Military air traffic control
BFW M.27. The BFW M.27, sometimes known as the Messerschmitt M.27, was a German two-seat sports plane with a low, cantilever wing, open cockpits and a fixed undercarriage sold in small numbers at the start of the 1930s.

Development
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Willy Messerschmitt, working at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) produced a series of low-wing sports monoplanes with either one or two seats. These were the M.19, M.23, M.27, M.31 and M.35 with the M.23, the only one with sales of much over double figures. The M stood for Messerschmitt.

The M.27 was a two-seater, very similar to the M.23b but with a more rounded fin and rudder assembly, a fuselage stretched by about 1,400 mm (55 in) to accommodate luggage and a new, spatted undercarriage. Pilot and passenger sat in tandem in separate open cockpits.

It was successfully raced, winning the Deutschland Competition in 1932 and coming second in the Zugspitz Circuit in 1933. Nonetheless, it was not sold in large numbers.

Variants
M.27a  Siemens Sh 12 radial engine or  Argus As 8B four-cylinder air-cooled inverted inline engine delivering  (continuous).
M.27b Argus As 8R four-cylinder high-compression air-cooled inverted inline sport engine delivering  (continuous).

Specifications (M.27b)

References

Citations

1930s German sport aircraft
M 27
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
The Hacker and the Ants. The Hacker and the Ants is a   science fiction novel by American writer and mathematician Rudy Rucker, published in 1994 by Avon Books. It was written while Rucker was working as a programmer at Autodesk, Inc., of Sausalito, California from 1988 to 1992.

Plot summary
Jerzy Rugby is trying to create truly intelligent robots. While his actual life crumbles, Rugby toils in his virtual office, testing the robots online. Then, something goes wrong and zillions of computer virus ants invade the net. Rugby is the man wanted for the crime. He's been set up to take a fall for a giant cyberconspiracy and he needs to figure out who — or what — is sabotaging the system in order to clear his name. Plunging deep into the virtual worlds of Antland of Fnoor to find some answers, Rugby confronts both electronic and all-too-real perils, facing death itself in a battle for his freedom.

Transrealism
The main character is a transrealist interpretation of Rucker's life in the 1970s. (Rucker taught mathematics at the State University College at Geneseo, New York from 1972 to 1978.) As such, though the character is fictional, he bears some exaggerated resemblance to Rucker's interpretation of himself at the time. Rucker tells John Shirley in the introduction to recent editions, "I have never really left my body and gone to infinity's Heaven."

References

External links

Novels by Rudy Rucker
1994 science fiction novels
Mathematics fiction books
1994 American novels
Fiction about malware
Novels about artificial intelligence
Avon (publisher) books
Gimson and Company. Gimson and Company were founded in 1840 by Benjamin and Josiah Gimson on Welford Road in Leicester. The company were listed as Engineers, Ironfounders, Boiler Makers & General Machinists. They later moved to Vulcan Works, Vulcan Road, Humberstone Road, Leicester.

Expansion
Between 1876 and 1878 a new works, Vulcan Foundry, was developed beside the Midland Railway mainline. The site covered three and a half acres, the foundry shop was 180 ft by 62 ft. It had a workforce of 350 men and all lifting was done with steam hoists and travelling cranes.

Boot and shoe machinery
Gimson became a major manufacturer of machinery for the footwear industry. The company sold its subsidiary the Gimson Shoe Machinery Company to the British United Shoe Machinery Company in 1930.

Products 
Stationary steam engines, passenger and goods lifts, boot and shoe machinery, agricultural machinery.

Preserved steam engines 
Woolf compound rotative beam pumping engines;
 Four of 1885 at Claymills Pumping Station, Burton on Trent.
 Four of 1891 at Abbey Pumping Station, Leicester 

Single-cylinder condensing rotative beam pumping engines of 1879;
 One at Snibston Discovery Park, Coalville, Leics
 One at Forncett Industrial Steam Museum, Forncett St. Mary, Norfolk 

Horizontal single cylinder;
 12"×24" of 1895 Snibston Discovery Museum
 Engine of 1899 at Hall & Woodhouse., Brewery, Blandford St. Mary, Dorset.

Wall-mounted vertical single cylinder lift engine; 
 One at Abbey Pumping Station, Leicester

References 

 GracesGuide.co.uk
 LE.ac.uk
 InternalFire.com
 Leicester Foundries 1845-1914 pp.63-68 Retrieved 27 April 2014.
Steam engine manufacturers
Manufacturing companies based in Leicester
Foundries in the United Kingdom
Industrial buildings in England
IBM POWER (software). POWER was an IBM operating system enhancement package that provided spooling facilities for the IBM System/360 running DOS/360 or retrofitted with modified DOS/360. Upgrades, POWER/VS and POWER/VSE were available for and the IBM System/370 running DOS/VS and DOS/VSE respectively.  POWER is an acronym for Priority Output Writers, Execution processors and input Readers.

The product 

POWER was an operating system enhancement available for DOS/360, DOS/VS, and DOS/VSE, and came packaged with some third party DOS-based operating systems. International Business Machines released POWER in 1969 following a public introduction at the IBM Wall Street Data Center.

It 'spooled' (queued) printer and card data, freeing programs from being dependent upon the speed of printers or punched card equipment.

POWER competed with non-IBM products, namely DataCorp's The Spooler and SDI's GRASP. Unlike the other products, POWER required a dedicated partition.

It allowed a single printer (1403/2311), punch (2520, 2540) or reader (2540, 2501) to be shared by two or more processing partitions.  Input data was asynchronously loaded and directed to the proper partition by Job class.  Output was directed to disk and stored there - then directed to a printer or punch by the writer type, (PRT, PUN), Job Class, Priority and form code.  This was provided in PRT and PUN control cards in the input stream.  Once the operator put the proper form in the printer/punch and told power to start (G PUN or G PRT on the console) the device would continue until no more output of that type was available.  When a new form was encountered it would alert the operator to change forms and wait for the next go command.

Platforms

The product ran on IBM systems from the S/360 Model 30 through larger machines.  Generally the smaller machines that had less than 128K or Core memory (would be called RAM today but were actually magnetic cores strung on wire matrices) did not have the ability to run POWER. POWER/VS ran well on the later S/370 series - usually on the Models 135 and 145 and later on the 4331 and 4341.

Software
The product ran under several DOS-related platforms:
 DOS/360
 DOS/VS
 DOS/VSE
 DOS/360 clones, 3rd party or modified

Hardware
The hardware platforms included:
 IBM/360 which ran POWER
 IBM/370 which ran POWER/VS
and clones which included:
 Amdahl
 Fujitsu
 Hitachi
 Magnuson
 RCA
 Siemens

See also
Job entry control language

References

Power
Computer printing
Remote job entry
Armstrong Siddeley Hurricane. The Armstrong Siddeley Hurricane is a two-door, four-seat drophead coupé automobile produced by the British company of Armstrong Siddeley from 1946 until 1953. It was based on the Armstrong Siddeley Lancaster saloon.

The chassis featured independent front suspension using torsion bars and a live rear axle with leaf springs. A Girling hydro-mechanical braking system was fitted, with the front drums hydraulically operated while those at the rear used rod and cable.

Early models of the Hurricane were fitted with a 70 bhp 1991 cc six-cylinder, overhead-valve engine, carried over from the pre-war 16 hp model but beginning in 1949 this was enlarged to a 75 bhp 2309 cc by increasing the cylinder bore from 65 to 70 mm. There was a choice of 4-speed synchromesh or pre-selector gearbox.

The four-seat, two-door body was made of steel and aluminum panel fitted over a wood and aluminum frame. The doors were rear hinged, an arrangement that got the name of suicide doors.  Changes during the model life were minimal: however, the bonnet line was slightly lowered for 1948 when the car also acquired stoneguards on the leading edges of its rear wings.

At launch, the car cost £1151 on the UK market.

References

External links
 Armstrong Siddeley 16-18 hp model range

Hurricane
Cars introduced in 1946
1950s cars
Mapna Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company. MAPNA Locomotive Engineering and Manufacturing Company (MLC) is an Iranian manufacturing company which was established in 2006. The company's manufacturing plant was officially inaugurated in 2012 with the objective of manufacturing 150 passenger locomotives in cooperation with Siemens, to be delivered to Iran's Railways Company (RAI).

Products
The company has produced single-ended Eurorunner type locomotives (IranRunner).

References

External links
MAPNA Locomotive Co. (MLC)

Engineering companies of Iran
Rolling stock manufacturers of Iran
2006 establishments in Iran
Yang Ji-won. Yang Ji-won (born 1949) is a professor in Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) and CEO of ABC (Advanced Biomass R&D Center), which is a key research institutes for biofuel and bio-refinery in South Korea.

He received B.S. from Seoul National University, and Ph.D. from Northwestern University. He joined KAIST as a faculty member in 1986 and his research area has covered a wide range of topics in environmental biotechnology. Dr. Yang has more than 200 publications and supervised 50 post-graduate students.

Recently, he served as a Vice-President for External Affairs of KAIST for 4 years. Since 2010, he serves as a CEO of ABC. ABC is currently striving for being a global leader in the biofuel and bio-refinery technology. Approximately 200 million US dollars will be funded by MEST(Ministry of Education, Science and Technology) for 9 years. More than 200 experts in a wide variety of research fields including biochemical engineering and molecular biology are employed or participated in ABC.

He is a recipient of various awards for significant contribution to the research innovations in environmental or microalgal biotechnology from the South Korean government or many academic societies. In addition, Dr. Yang showed various activities across many fields of academia, civil society, and government. Dr. Yang had served as the President of Korean Society of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and the editor-in-chief for the Korean Journal of Soil and Groundwater. He also served as a judge of national R&D projects for South Korean government and an active member in environmental NGOs, appointed as a co-chairman of the Green Consumer Network and the chairman of the Daejeon Green Growth Forum. With these experiences, he is working to build an international ecocity coalition committed to the sustainable development.

References

1949 births
Living people
Academic staff of KAIST
South Korean engineers
Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
South Korean chief executives
Hawassa Airport. Hawassa Airport (; Aw'asa)  is Sub Ethiopian Airlines which serves in  Hawassa, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. The construction of the airport (Coordinates: ) started at the beginning of 2015. The old dirt runway is within the city, at .

Airlines and destinations

See also
 List of airports in Ethiopia
 Transport in Ethiopia

References

External links
 OurAirports - Ethiopia
 Awasa
 Terminal design video

Airports in Ethiopia
Sidama Region
BSA Hornet. The BSA Hornet is a British motorcycle made by BSA at their factory in Birmingham for export to the US between 1964 and 1965.

Development
The BSA Spitfire Hornet ('64-'65) and Hornet ('66-'67) (and the 500cc BSA Wasp) were developed by BSA in 1964 as purpose built off-road and desert racer motorcycles in response to demand from the US market for a 'stripped down' BSA Lightning with more power.  Although they could be used on public roads, BSA Spitfire Hornets and Hornets were supplied without headlights or taillights, with 'straight through' exhaust pipes; high pipes (east coast model) and low TT pipes (west coast model) and twin carburettors. The 6 volt coil 'ET' (energy transfer) ignition system was designed to include easy conversion to add lights for road use but the exhaust pipes needed to be fitted with mufflers to become road legal.  The 'Mandarin Red' Spitfire Hornet ('64-'65)  was further upgraded in 1965 with a more positive gear selector and a quick change gearbox sprocket.  Ignition was also improved, as was the lubrication system but customers complained of vibration.  In '66 the name was changed to Hornet but still retained the Mandarin Red (looked like orange) color.  In '67 the color was changed to a darker red 'Cherokee Red' and was the last production year for the Hornet.

Spitfire Hornet

The BSA Spitfire Hornet was a true racing motorcycle, with the A65 engine upgraded with high compression pistons and a performance cam. The gear ratios were altered for sprint acceleration and the brakes (the 8 inch model from the BSA Gold Star) were improved with special cooling fins.  The BSA Spitfire Hornet was popular in the US, but was not marketed in the UK. (The name 'Spitfire' was later used for the top-selling BSA Spitfire road bike).  For 1966 and 1967 the Spitfire Hornet's name was changed to Hornet.

Steve McQueen BSA Hornet road test
Actor Steve McQueen tested the BSA Hornet and described it as "a keen bike - but I found it awfully heavy".  McQueen suggested that a lot more weight would have to be stripped off to make the bike competitive. He also noted that the Hornet also had a tendency to want to go its own way but had what he called a 'good-functioning' power train. He also suggested that if the front forks were raked on a more forward angle the BSA would have "a more stable ride in the rough and would be generally a smoother performer".

See also
 Birmingham Small Arms Company

References

External links
 BSA Spitfire Hornet Brochure

Hornet
OOFEM. OOFEM is a free and open-source multi-physics finite element code with object oriented architecture. The aim of this project is to provide efficient and robust tool for FEM computations as well as to offer highly modular and extensible environment for development.

Main features 
 Solves various linear and nonlinear problems from structural, thermal and fluid mechanics.
 Particularly includes many material models for nonlinear fracture mechanics of quasibrittle materials, such as concrete.
 Efficient parallel processing support based on domain decomposition and message passing paradigms.
 Direct as well as iterative solvers are available. Direct solvers include symmetric and unsymmetric skyline solver and sparse direct solver. Iterative solvers support many sparse storage formats and come with various preconditioners. Interfaces to third party linear and eigen value solver libraries are available, including IML, PETSc, SLEPc, and SPOOLES.
 Support for Extended Finite Elements (XFEM) and iso-geometric analysis (IGA).

License 
OOFEM is free, open source software, released under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 on any later version

See also 
 List of numerical analysis software
 List of finite element software packages

References

External links
 Project website

Community resources

 OOFEM forum
 OOFEM wiki

Finite element software
Scientific simulation software
Free computer-aided design software
Free software programmed in C++
Finite element software for Linux
ERuf Model A. The eRuf Model A is a late-2000s all-electric concept sports car built by German automobile manufacturer Ruf Automobile. The car was powered by a UQM Technologies propulsion system (a UQM PowerPhase 150). The car has a top speed of  and was capable of producing  of power and  of torque. Estimated range per charge was , depending on performance level, using iron-phosphate, lithium-ion batteries built by Axeon plc of Great Britain. During coasting the engine works as a generator producing electricity to charge the batteries.

If a production car were to be built, it would be able to use a clutchless one- or two-speed transmission with no reverse gear as the electric motor can spin forward or in reverse. Ruf engaged Calmotors in Camarillo, California, specialized in the implementation of hybrid electric and electric only powertrain design, to combine the latest generation of lithium-ion batteries with its motor.

Ruf announced that it hoped to begin production of the eRuf in the fall of 2009. This did not happen, and at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, Ruf announced a new model, the eRUF Greenster, with limited production planned to commence at the end of 2010.

References

External links
Racing Around Lithium-Ion Style in Ruf's Electric 911 Edmunds.com 30 November 2008
Porsche, Unhappy With eRuf, Places an Order for a Tesla Roadster to Study It Green Car Advisor, Edmunds.com, 25 November 2008
Ruf Automobile's electric Porsche concept gets real, pictured Engadget 10 October 2008
Road and Track tests battery-powered E-Ruf 911 Autoblog Green 21 October 2008

Ruf vehicles
Electric concept cars
Electric sports cars
Cars introduced in 2008
Mikhail Donskoy. Mikhail Vladimirovich Donskoy (), (8 August 1948 – 13 January 2009) was a Soviet and Russian computer scientist.  In 1970 he graduated from Moscow State University and joined the Institute of Control Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he became one of the lead developers of Kaissa, a computer chess program that won the first World Computer Chess Championship in 1974.

After the dissolution of the Soviet computer chess initiative in the beginning of the 1980s he went into development of databases. In 1994 he established his own company, DISCo (Donskoy Interactive Software Company), which, among other projects, developed the Symbian interface for ABBYY Lingvo dictionaries.

Donskoy died of cancer on January 13, 2009.

References

Soviet computer scientists
Computer chess people
2009 deaths
1948 births
Soviet inventors
20th-century Russian chess players
20th-century Russian sportsmen
Russian scientists
Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers. The embedded computer systems onboard Mars rovers are designed to withstand high radiation levels and large temperature changes in space. For this reason their computational resources are limited compared to systems commonly used on Earth.

In operation 
Direct teleoperation of a Mars rover is impractical, as the round trip communication time between Earth and Mars ranges from 8 to 42 minutes and the Deep Space Network system is only available a few times during each Martian day (sol). Therefore, a rover command team plans, then sends, a sol of operational commands to the rover at one time.

A rover uses autonomy software to make decisions based on observations from its sensors. Each pair of stereo images for the Sojourner rover could generate 20 3D navigation  points. The Mars Exploration Rovers can generate 15,000 (nominal) to 40,000 (survey mode) 3D points.

Performance comparisons

With the exception of Curiosity and Perseverance, each Mars rover has had only one on-board computer. Both Curiosity and Perseverance have two identical computers for redundancy. Curiosity is, as of February 2013, operating on its redundant computer, while its primary computer is being investigated for signs of failure.

Mars rovers

See also
Radiation hardening

References

External links 
 The CPUs of Spacecraft Computers in Space
 Radiation‑hardened electronics product guide - BAE Systems

Space technology
Exploration of Mars
Computing comparisons
Garrett F109. The Garrett F109 (Company designation TFE109) was a small turbofan engine developed for the Fairchild T-46 by Garrett AiResearch. With the United States Air Force's cancellation of the T-46 program in 1986, further development of the engine ceased, and with it the civil TFE109 version.

Variants
ATE109 The Advanced Technology Engine (ATE) turboshaft, which was built jointly with Allison for the Light Helicopter Experimental (LHX) powerplant program and included the F109 power section.
TSE109 A turboshaft demonstrator in the  power class that first ran on August 2, 1984.
TFE109 The civil version of the F109.
F109-GA-100 The full military designation for the TFE109 turbofan.

Applications
 Fairchild T-46
 Promavia Jet Squalus

Specifications

See also

References

 
 Gunston, Bill (1988). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89, 79th Edition. Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, England, UK: Jane's Information Group Limited 

Medium-bypass turbofan engines
F109
1980s turbofan engines
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines