omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Army Air Forces Bombardier School. A Bombardier School was a United States Army Air Forces facility that used bombing ranges for training aircrew. After ground simulator training with the Norden bombsight, the 12- to 18-week course recorded each student's scores for approximately 160 practice bomb drops of "Bomb Dummy Units" (BDU), both in daytime and at night. The elimination rate was 12%, and graduates transferred to a Second or Third Air Force training unit to join a crew being trained for overseas duty. The bombardier trainer used was the Beech AT-11 Kansan.  With the Bradley Plan increase in Eighth Air Force aircrews needed for the Combined Bomber Offensive, the  17 Army Air Forces Bombardier Schools graduated 47,236.

History
A July 1941 attempt at establishing a bombardier school at Lowry Field, Colorado (3 instructor classes with the last graduating 14 March 1941), was replaced by schools at Barksdale Field, Louisiana (moved to Albuquerque) and Ellington Field, Texas (changed to a navigator school.)  In June 1942, several classes of cadets were sent for bombardier training at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona.

Bombardier schools of the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center and the West Coast Air Corps Training Center included  the GCACTC's Big Spring Army Air Force Bombardier School. Its "first class of cadets (118 men) arrived Sept. 16, 1942".  The first bombardier training class (42-17) at San Angelo Army Airfield began in September 1942, and San Angelo's 34th Flying Training Wing (Bombardier and Specialized Twin- and Four-Engine) activated on 8 January 1943, as one of two dedicated bombardier training wings. The other was WCACTC's 38th Flying Training Wing at Williams Army Airfield, Arizona—later moved to Kirtland Field, New Mexico).

The GCACTC's Advanced Twin Engine and Bombardier Training Center at Midland Army Airfield was redesignated an Army Air Forces Bombardier School on 26 September 1942 (Colonel Ryan was the Director of Training Jan 1942 – Aug 1943).   The Midland school operated 23 bombing ranges in West Texas, and the Central Bombardier Instructor School was moved to Midland in August 1943 from Carlsbad Army Airfield.   The WCACTC's Kirtland Field bombardier school that operated ranges west of Albuquerque was depicted in the 1943 Bombardier film.  The first graduates with dual ratings as Navigator/Bombardier were in April 1944.

In addition to visual bomb scoring and sound ranging for determining scores for bombardiers, Radar Bomb Scoring (RBS) began during World War II.  On 6 June 1945, "the 206th Army Air Force Base Unit (RBS) (206th AAFBU), was activated at Colorado Springs, Colorado for [RBS with] operational control of the two SCR-584 radar detachments located at Kansas City and Fort Worth" Army Airfield.   RBS detachments in the Army Air Force were later "established at Denver, Chicago, Omaha, Albuquerque''").

References

Training units and formations of the United States Army Air Forces
Bomber units and formations of the United States Army Air Forces
AN/MSQ-18 Battalion Missile Operations System. The Raytheon AN/MSQ-18 Battalion Missile Operations System (AN/TSQ-38 for the helicopter-transportable variant) was a Project Nike command, control, and coordination system for "each associated missile battery" to control a Nike missile as directed from a Raytheon AN/MSQ-28 at the Army Air Defense Command Post.   Raytheon Company constructed the AN/MSQ-18 as 2 separate subsystems:
the AN/MSQ-18's operations central in a trailer van with 2 "Surveillance and Entry Consoles"USAREUR Partial Photos - 2-56th Arty and serving as "the tactical command post of the air defense battalion … capable of either monitoring the engagement or actually making assignments of targets to its batteries", and 
the AN/MSQ-18's coder-decoder group (CDG) as the trailer van at each battery to "decode the digital data coming to the battery [for use] by the guided missile system."

See also

List of military electronics of the United States

References 

Computer systems of the United States Army
AN MSQ-18
Project Nike
Military electronics of the United States
Aerial warfare ground equipment
AN/TSQ-8. The Martin AN/TSQ-8 Coordinate Data Set was a Project Nike CCCS system for converting data between Army Air Defense Command Posts (AADCP) and Integrated Fire Control sites for missile Launch Areas. The AN/TSQ-8 in the Firing Unit Integration Facility (FUIF) was first installed for each Launch Area controlled from a Martin AN/FSG-1 Antiaircraft Defense System and then later for other Nike CCCS. The system included a "data converter, range computer, summing amplifier, status relay panel, status control panel, problem unit, [and] power control panel".

The AN/TSQ-8 in each FUIF was the remote terminus of the AN/FSG-1's automated data link (ADL) of AADCP digital information that included identification friend or foe status (e.g., "foe" symbol), the "prepare to engage" symbol (for the battery to track the designated foe), and the attack symbol from the AADCP director to the Battery Control Officer who issued the firing order to a ready missile.

History
The first AN/TSQ-8 training course for Army technicians was in April 1958 at the "Martin-Orlando facility" after the Ft Meade AN/FSG-1 was "operational" on December 5, 1957 (the last AN/FSG-1 was at Fort MacArthur in December 1960.) In 1961, the AN/TSQ-8 was deployed for the ADL interface with portable Martin AN/GSG-5 & AN/GSG-6 BIRDIEs emplaced at AADCPs for smaller defense areas (replacement Hughes AN/TSQ-51 systems were emplaced at AADCPs beginning in 1963 similarly required FUIFs). Firing Unit Integration Facilities had been replaced when the Improved Nike Hercules ground system (Western Electric System 1393 Radar Course Directing Central) was deployed and included an internal automated data link.

References

See Also

List of military electronics of the United States

Computer systems of the United States Army

Project Nike
Military electronics of the United States
Aerial warfare ground equipment
Intrinsic Noise Analyzer. Within bioinformatics, intrinsic Noise Analyzer (iNA) is an open source software for studying reaction kinetics in living cells. The software analyzes mathematical models of intracellular reaction kinetics such as gene expression, regulatory networks or signaling pathways to quantify concentration fluctuations due to the random nature of chemical reactions.

Background 

Under well-mixed conditions, the concentrations in living cells are often modeled by a set of deterministic reaction rate equations. This approach frequently becomes inaccurate when some molecular species are present in low molecule numbers per cell because of the randomness inherent in chemical reaction kinetics. This randomness leads to fluctuations in intracellular molecule numbers and hence to cell-to-cell variability. The more accurate stochastic description of these systems is given by the Chemical Master Equation. The latter can be easily simulated by means of Monte Carlo methods such as the stochastic simulation algorithm. This method,  
however, often becomes computationally inefficient due to the large amount of sampling needed for accurate statistics. iNA provides a more efficient way to obtain the desired statistics via the system size expansion of the Chemical Master Equation, a systematic analytical approximation method.

References

External links 
 iNA home page
 iNA (Windows)
 iNA (MacOSX)

Bioinformatics software
Golden Avio F30. The Golden Avio F30 is an Italian ultralight aircraft designed by Stelio Frati and produced by Golden Avio, a division of Golden Car, an automotive parts and prototyping company located in Caramagna Piemonte. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The aircraft's designation is a homage to the Ferrari F40 Italian automobile built from 1987 to 1992.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed or retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from sheet aluminum. Its  span wing has an area of  and mounts flaps. The standard engine available is the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant, although it can accommodate engines of up to .

The FG model received German certification in 2011 and the RG version in 2015.

Variants

F30 RG
Retractable landing gear model.
F30 FG
Fixed landing gear model, also called the Brio.

Specifications (F30 RG)

References

External links

2000s Italian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
KAAH Electric. Kaah Electric Power and Lighting Company (KEPLC) is the largest power company in Somalia. It owns and operates the entire electricity distribution system in most popular cities and towns in the country, and provides electricity to customers.

Overview
KEPLC was established in 1997 in Hargeisa as the City Light Electric Company (CLEC). It changed its name to the Kaah Electric Power and Lighting Company Ltd in 2006. Before major power sector rehabilitation in 2009, KEPLC also managed all pre-existing generating stations, which were owned by private generator suppliers in Somaliland 

The majority shareholders in KEPLC are the pre-existing generator companies in Hargeisa, while the remaining shares in the company are owned by private shareholders.

Operations
The company's key operations include ensuring sufficient distribution capacity to meet demand, planning, design, construction and maintenance of the electricity distribution network and customer service.

Service area
Hargeisa
Burao
Erigavo

References
KAAH Electric
Kaah Electric Power & Lighting Company

External links

Electric power companies of Somalia
Robot Chicken season 6. The sixth season of the stop-motion television series Robot Chicken originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. Season six officially began on September 10, 2012, on Adult Swim, with Robot Chicken DC Comics Special and contained a total of twenty episodes. The first of the regular Season 6 episodes aired on September 17, 2012. This is also the first season to be streamed uncensored on HBO Max since the first 5 seasons are censored.

Overview 
The sixth season of Robot Chicken includes many TV, movie, commercial, pop culture parodies, all acted out by dolls and action figures. In this season, the roles are reversed as Robot Chicken now forces the Mad Scientist to endure the same torture he was once subjected to. The sketches are now seen from his perspective.

Robot Chicken DC Comics Special (September 10, 2012) is a DC Universe special, in collaboration with DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation. Voice actors are Seth Green as Batman, Robin and Aquaman, Paul Reubens as the Riddler, Neil Patrick Harris as Two-Face, Alfred Molina as Lex Luthor, Nathan Fillion as the Green Lantern, Megan Fox as Lois Lane, Breckin Meyer as Superman, and Kevin Shinick as the narrator. Cast also includes Abraham Benrubi, Alex Borstein, Clare Grant, Tara Strong, Matthew Senreich, Aaron Paul, Steven Tyler, Tom Root and Zeb Wells.

Guest stars 
Many celebrities have guest starred in Robot Chicken season 6; they include Whoopi Goldberg, Elizabeth Banks, Sam Elliott, Jason Sudeikis, Krysten Ritter, Fred Tatasciore, Jon Stewart, Stanley Tucci, Daniel Radcliffe, Patrick Stewart, Dan Milano, Victor Yerrid, Bill Farmer, Zeb Wells, Alex Borstein, Alan Tudyk, Christina Laskay, Tom Hiddleston, Ellie Kemper, Mark Hamill, Tamara Garfield, Liz Loza, Breckin Meyer, John Moschitta Jr., Britne Oldford, Rachel Bloom, Sarah Ramos, Dreama Walker, Rachael MacFarlane, Allison Janney, Kat Dennings, Liev Schreiber, Alex Winter, Shawn Patterson, Olivia Wilde, William Zabka, Ralph Macchio, Rhea Perlman, Ashley Eckstein, Lacey Chabert, Gillian Jacobs, Brent Spiner, Zachary Levi, J.B. Smoove, Lake Bell, Jon Bernthal, Nicholas Hoult, Robert Kirkman, Megan Hilty, Maurice LaMarche, Lucas Grabeel, Ke$ha, Sarah Chalke, Billy Zane, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Jim Hanks, Keith Ferguson, Patrick Pinney, Catherine Taber, Linda Cardellini, Rachael Leigh Cook, George Lowe, David Hasselhoff, David Morse, Skeet Ulrich, Stan Lee, Melissa Joan Hart, Emily Head, Max Charles, Frank Welker, Freddie Prinze Jr., Seth MacFarlane, Lauren Ambrose, Delroy Lindo, Ben Schwartz, Kathryn Hahn, Clare Grant, Abraham Benrubi, Eden Espinosa, Madison Dylan, Michaela Watkins, Henry Winkler, Laura Ortiz, Ashley Chaney, Keith David, Quinton Flynn, Joss Whedon, Malin Åkerman, Eric McCormack, 50 Cent, Judy Greer and Matthew Lillard.

Episodes

Notes

References 

2012 American animated television seasons
2013 American animated television seasons
Robot Chicken seasons
Perfect thermal contact. Perfect thermal contact of the surface of a solid with the environment (convective heat transfer) or another solid occurs when the temperatures of the mating surfaces are equal.

Perfect thermal contact conditions 

Perfect thermal contact supposes that on the boundary surface  there holds an equality of the temperatures

and an equality of heat fluxes

where  are temperatures of the solid and environment (or mating solid), respectively;  are thermal conductivity coefficients of the solid and mating laminar layer (or solid), respectively;  is normal to the surface .

If there is a heat source on the boundary surface , e.g. caused by sliding friction, the latter equality transforms in the following manner

where  is heat-generation rate per unit area.

References 

 H. S. Carslaw, J. C. Jaeger (1959). Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
 M. Shillor, M. Sofonea, J. J. Telega (2004). Models and analysis of quasistatic contact. Variational methods. Berlin: Springer.

Heat transfer
Boundary conditions
Op5 Monitor. OP5 Monitor is a software product for server, Network monitoring and management based on the open-source project Naemon, is further developed and supported by OP5 AB. OP5 Monitor displays the status, health and performance of the IT network being monitored and has an integrated log server, OP5 Logger. The company sells downloadable software that monitor, visualize and troubleshoot IT environments and collect information both from hardware, software, virtual and/or cloud based services.

History
The company was founded in 2004 by Jan Josephson and Fredrik Åkerström in Stockholm, Sweden. The company was conceived to create an IT monitoring solution that can handle a large IT environment.

The company was acquired in August of 2018 and is now a subsidiary of ITRS Group.

Management Packs
Management packs are containers of pre-defined monitoring metrics. Users can create own packs and set their own standard on how to monitor a specific device within the network. They are available for   Generic servers, DNS servers,  Standalone VMware ESXi virtualization hosts,  Web servers with HTTPS,  Web server.json, and  Windows server

OP5 Monitor Extensions
The OP5 extensions are a set of products that provides specific functionality to increase control.  Add-ons for op5 Monitor is typically developed by partners or other software developing companies for extending or integrating op5 Monitor. They include:

 JIMO integration add-on for JIRA: Two-way communication between OP5 Monitor and JIRA. Add-on developed by Mogul 
 NetApp monitoring add-on: Monitor NetApp systems 
 Bischeck add-on: An open-source project providing monitoring of applications and processes with dynamic behavior

Awards and recognition
OP5 has been mentioned in news and has received several awards, such as Cool Vendor by Gartner 2010

See also

 Comparison of network monitoring systems
 Pandora FMS An alternative to OP5

References

External links
 op5.com, official website

Network management
Nagios
Replace (command). In computing, replace is a command that is used to replace one or more existing computer files or add new files to a target directory. Files with a hidden or system attribute set cannot be replaced using replace. The command lists all files that are replaced.

History
The replace command first appeared in MS-DOS 3.2 and has been included in most versions of MS-DOS and compatibles such as FreeDOS and PTS-DOS. DR DOS 6.0 includes an implementation of the  command. The FreeDOS version was developed by Rene Ableidinger and is licensed under the GPL. It is also included as a console command in IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. The ReactOS version was developed by Samuel Erdtman and is licensed under the GPL.

Example
The following command updates the files in C:\delivery\ with the .exe files from C:\source\

C:\>replace "C:\source\*.exe" C:\delivery

See also
List of DOS commands
List of Unix commands

References

Further reading

External links

replace | Microsoft Docs

External DOS commands
OS/2 commands
ReactOS commands
Microcomputer software
Windows administration
USAV Malvern Hill. The United States Army Vessel Malvern Hill (LCU 2025) is a Landing Craft Utility of the .  Though currently assigned to the 481st Transportation Company (Heavy Boat) (U.S. Army Reserve), which is headquartered in Port Hueneme, California, the craft is berthed in Tacoma, Washington.  The vessel's namesake is the battle of Malvern Hill in the U.S. Civil War.

References
Notes

Runnymede-class large landing craft
Landing craft
Ships built in Gulfport, Mississippi
Ships of the United States Army
Seafox drone. The SeaFox is an anti-mine Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) manufactured by German company Atlas Elektronik. It is designed to locate and destroy ground and moored mines. There are three versions, including a training version. The orange SeaFox-I "inspection" variant has sonar and an Inertial navigation system, and the black SeaFox-C "combat" round also has a  shaped charge warhead. The system is in service with eleven navies. The SeaFox is an advanced design of an Expendable Mine Disposal Vehicle or EMDV. It has a low life cycle cost as it has low running and replacement costs. Its main targets are sea mines that pose a danger to vessels. It communicates with the ship via a fiber-optic cable. The SeaFox uses a custom launch and retrieval system, that may be fitted to a variety of ships, boats or even helicopters. It can be used for a range of tasks such as conduct damage estimation, route surveys, maritime boundary control, intelligence and harbor surveillance missions.

Service history
In 2001 the Royal Navy leased some SeaFox drones for use on HMS Bangor and HMS Blyth off Iraq as part of Operation Telic. The Bangor also deployed them off Libya in 2011. In October 2015 the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC) commissioned the Atlas North America to get more SeaFox vehicles.

Technical specifications
The operational depth for the SeaFox C is between 0 meters and 300 meters. The SeaFox has a range of 1200 meters depending on acoustic and current conditions. The propulsion system on the SeaFox includes four horizontal propellers and one vertical thruster. The entire propulsion system is battery powered. The maximum speed of the SeaFox is 6 knots. The SeaFox can be controlled with a remote or can be set on automatic and it will use radar and sonar to locate mines and other obstacles that it is tasked with clearing. The SeaFox has live CCTV feed and a high intensity searchlight. The data feed is via a fiber-optic cable that is about 3000 meters long. The SeaFox is launched and retrieved using a crane. The warhead of the SeaFox is a fully shaped charge with demonstrated effectiveness against incendiary devices.

References

External links

 
 Atlas Elektronik - Minehunting and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)
 US strengthens its military might in the Gulf
 AN/SLQ-60 SeaFox, navaldrones.com

Mine warfare countermeasures
Remotely operated underwater vehicles
Guerpont Autoplum. The Guerpont Autoplum is a French ultralight aircraft that was designed by Maurice Guerpont. Plans are supplied by one of the first builders of the type, Roland Mangeard of Pulnoy. The aircraft is supplied as plans only for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under an aircraft canopy with gull winged doors for access, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from wood, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. The Autoplum's tailplane is 50% the area of the main wing, which provides a wide centre of gravity range and a high degree of pitch dampening. Its  span wing, has an area of . Earlier examples were fitted with a   Rotax 462 two-stroke engine, with later ones using the  Rotax 582 two-stroke powerplant or other engines.

Specifications (Autoplum)

References

External links
Photo of a Guerpont Autoplum

2000s French ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
SS Pruth (1916). SS Pruth was a 4698 gross register ton steamship built by J.L. Thompson and Sons, Sunderland for the Hain Steamship Company in 1916. The ship was on a voyage from New York to Cairns, via Port Moresby when she was wrecked upon Nateara Reef  near Port Moresby on 31 December 1923. Attempts to salvage her failed. Her wreck became known as the "Moresby Wreck".

Her wreck was used for strafing and bombing practice by the United States Army Air Forces Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force in 1942 and 1943 during World War II. Six Allied aircraft crashed while undertaking the strafing and bombing practice.

References

External links
https://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/ss/pruth/2005/pruth-above-water-boilers.html

1916 ships
Ships built on the River Wear
Shipwrecks of Papua New Guinea
Maritime incidents in 1923
Tokyo Metropolitan Technical College. was a public junior college in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.

Academic departments
 Mechanical engineering
 Electrical engineering
 Product management

See also 
 Tokyo Metropolitan University
 Tokyo Metropolitan Junior College of Aeronautic Engineering

References
 『全国短期大学受験要覧1970 昭和45年度版』（廣潤社）16頁 
 『全国短期大学高等専門学校一覧1987 昭和62年度版』199頁 

Japanese junior colleges
Universities and colleges in Tokyo
Tokyo Metropolitan Junior College of Aeronautic Engineering. The  was a public junior college in Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan.

History 
The Tokyo Metropolitan Junior College of Aeronautic Engineering was established in 1960. In 1972, it merged with the Tokyo Metropolitan Technical College, and closed in 1975.

Academic departments
 Aeronautical engineering

References

Japanese junior colleges
Universities and colleges in Tokyo
Universities and colleges established in 1960
Educational institutions disestablished in 1975
1960 establishments in Japan
1975 disestablishments in Asia