omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Curtiss V-8 motorcycle. The Curtiss V-8 motorcycle was a  V8 engine-powered motorcycle designed and built by aviation and motorcycling pioneer Glenn Curtiss that set an unofficial land speed record of  on January 24, 1907. The air-cooled F-head engine was developed for use in dirigibles.

Engine
The forty horsepower engine was the two carburetor version of the Curtiss Model B-8 aircraft powerplant, one of thirteen engines listed in the May 1908 "Aerial and Cycle Motors" catalog. The engine weighed  and was offered for US$1,200 but it did not sell, in spite of the engine's notoriety from the speed record. An eight carburetor version of the Model B-8 was used in the experimental AEA Red Wing and White Wing airplanes that flew in 1908.

Legacy
Curtiss remained "the fastest man in the world," the title the newspapers gave him for going faster than any vehicle, on land, sea or air, until 1911, when his absolute record was broken by the  Blitzen Benz automobile. No motorcycle surpassed the record until 1930. Curtiss's success at racing strengthened his reputation as a leading maker of high-performance motorcycles and engines.

It has been suggested that the literary character Tom Swift was based on Curtiss.  Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle, the first of over 100 books in the Tom Swift series, was published shortly after the V-8 record setting run.

The record setting V-8 motorcycle is now in the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. The Air and Space museum lent it to the Guggenheim for the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition in New York.

The Curtiss OX-5 aero engine, a successor of the V-8 motorcycle engine, powered several United States civilian and military aircraft. More than 10,000 were manufactured.

See also
Motorcycle land-speed record
Land speed record
List of motorcycles of 1900 to 1909

References

Bibliography

 Hatch, Alden. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Aviation. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2007. .
 Roseberry, C.R. Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Flight. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1972. .

Further reading

External links

Motorcycles introduced in the 1900s
Motorcycles of the United States
Land speed record motorcycles
Eight-cylinder motorcycles
Voltex Light Bar Company. The VOLTEX International Inc. is an American company based in Paramount, California that specializes in design, development and distribution of signaling devices for the fire and rescue, law enforcement, security enforcement, roadside construction and towing industries globally.

Established in 2006, VOLTEX International Inc. and VOLTEX Light Bar company has grown significantly in the US market and expanding globally since 2009 with distribution and manufacturing capabilities in 5 continents throughout the world.

Subsidiary
VOLTEX Light Bars and VOLTEX Arrow Boards, VOLTEX OEM Headlights, VOLTEXLIGHTS.COM and NSE National Safety Equipment Company manufacturer of hand built roadside arrow boards

Specialty
VOLTEX specializes in all kinds of emergency vehicle lighting, light bars and other electronic products and has numerous patents and trademarks registered globally. VOLTEX is also very aggressive within the e-commerce online environment.

References

Emergency vehicles
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Manufacturing companies based in California
Paramount, California
Manufacturing companies established in 2006
American companies established in 2006
TRS-80 (disambiguation). TRS-80 is the name of Tandy Corporation's original 1977 microcomputer system (also known as the Model I). The TRS-80 brand was also later applied to many different computers sold by Tandy, including several unrelated in design to the Model I.

Computers 
 TRS-80 Model I (1977), the original TRS-80 Micro Computer System
 TRS-80 Model III (1980), improved and compatible replacement for the Model I
 TRS-80 Model 4 (including Model 4P), successor to the Model III
 TRS-80 Model II (1979), small-business oriented microcomputer, not related to the original Model I
 TRS-80 Model 12 (1982), successor to the Model II
 TRS-80 Model 16, (including Model 16B), successor to the Model 12
 TRS-80 Color Computer ("CoCo") (1980), a Motorola 6809-based line of computers
 TRS-80 MC-10 (1983), a short-lived, low-end hobbyist-oriented computer
 TRS-80 Model 100 (1983), an early portable computer
 TRS-80 Pocket Computer, a series of rebadged pocket computers manufactured by Sharp and Casio for Tandy
 TRS-80 Pocket Computer PC-1, the original model in the lane (a rebadged Sharp PC-1211)
 TRS-80 Pocket Computer PC-2, a rebadged Sharp PC-1500
 TRS-80 Pocket Computer PC-3, a rebadged Sharp PC-1251

Other 

 TRS-80 (group), an electronic music group formed in Chicago in 1997

See also 

 Video Genie, a line of TRS-80 Model I clones sold as the TRZ-80 in South Africa
 List of TRS-80 clones
Naglo D.II. The Naglo D.II was a German single seat quadruplane fighter, flown late in World War I.  It took part in one of the fighter competitions but did not reach production.

Design and development
The D.II was the only fighter built by Naglo but it was designed by Ing. Gnädig, who at the time was an employee of Albatros Flugzeugwerke and it partly reflected their practice. It was, though, one of the few quadruplanes of World War I. The three upper wings were all similar, having constant chord, squared tips, no sweep and the same span.  The lowest of these was attached to the lower fuselage, the middle one to the upper fuselage with a cutout for downward vision. Inboard N-form interplane struts held the upper plane high over the fuselage in place of a cabane.  Outboard there was one more N-interplane strut between each wing, four in all.  Ailerons were fitted on all three upper wings.  The fourth wing, lowest of all, was quite different, much shorter in span.  It was mounted independently of the other three, fixed to a dorsal keel extension and braced on each side with a V-strut from about mid-span to the root of the wing above.  When the aircraft was parked, the wing was close to the ground and not far behind the undercarriage wheels.

The D.II was powered by a 160 hp (120 kW) Mercedes six-cylinder water-cooled engine, driving a two-blade propeller with a large, domed spinner which was blended into the round, converging contours of the fuselage. The engine's cylinder heads and exhausts were exposed above the fuselage, which overall appeared similar to that of the Albatros D.V and may have been based upon it. The D.II had a fixed, single axle conventional undercarriage, the axle fixed to the lower fuselage with a pair of V-struts, and with a tailskid at the rear.

The first flight occurred before 24 May 1918 when the D.II was type tested.  It took part in the second D-type contest at Adlershof in mid-1918 and received complimentary comments on its build quality.  A need to improve flight characteristics was noted; Naglo was therefore asked to present the D.II for further tests after making modifications.

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

External links
Photo of the NAGLO D.II 

Quadruplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1910s German fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Curtiss B-8. The Curtiss B-8 was an early air-cooled 8-cylinder engine used for a number of aircraft and one motorcycle designed by Glenn Curtiss. It powered the AEA June Bug in 1908, becoming the first Curtiss engine to power a heavier-than-air aircraft in sustained flight.

Applications included:
AEA June Bug
AEA White Wing
AEA Red Wing
Curtiss V-8 motorcycle
Greene 1910 Biplane

Specifications

References

B-8
1900s aircraft piston engines
Boeing XP3B. The Boeing XP3B-1 (company designation Model 466) was a proposed patrol aircraft, developed by Boeing for use by the United States Navy in the late 1940s. It was planned to be powered by two Allison T40 turboprops driving contra-rotating propellers, and utilized tandem landing gear. The project was cancelled before any aircraft were built.

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Hinckley, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. .
 Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London: Putnam, Third edition, 1989. .

P3B
Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable bicycle landing gear
Cheng Shiu University. Cheng Shiu University (CSU; ) is a private university located in Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. CSU offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs across several faculties, including the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Business, the College of Engineering, and the College of Information and Electrical Engineering.

The university offers a range of international programs, including study abroad opportunities, international internships, and language programs.

History
Established in 1965, it was founded by three friends, Lee Cheng-Sheng (李金盛), Gong Junke, and Zheng Junyuan. It was initially named Cheng-Shiu Junior College of Technology. It became Cheng-Shiu Institute of Technology and Commerce in 1980 after being reorganized and approved by the Ministry of Education. In 1999, it became Cheng Shiu Institute of Technology, and in 2003 it was upgraded to its current name.

Faculties
 College of Engineering
 College of Management
 College of Life and Creativity
 Center for General Education
 Center for Teacher Education

Notable alumni
 Chu Hsing-yu, member of Legislative Yuan (1993–2005)
 Li Mei-jhen, councilor of Kaohsiung City Council

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links

 

 
1965 establishments in Taiwan
Universities and colleges established in 1965
Private universities and colleges in Taiwan
Universities and colleges in Kaohsiung
Technical universities and colleges in Taiwan
Eunice (software). Eunice was a Unix-like working environment for VAX computers running DEC's VAX/VMS, based on the BSD version of Unix. It was originally developed ca. 1981 by David Kashtan at SRI, and later maintained and marketed by The Wollongong Group.

Eunice was one of several Unix compatibility packages developed during the 1980s. It provided VMS binary versions of Unix tools, a VMS object library emulating the Unix API (including the system call interface) and an assembler that produced VMS binaries. Eunice was criticized for its performance problems and not quite complete Unix compatibility. Eunice's reputation for poor compatibility inspired the "Congratulations. You aren't running Eunice." message included in the Perl configure script.

See also
 Cygwin, UWIN — modern Unix emulators for Microsoft Windows
 Franz Lisp
 POSIX

References

OpenVMS software
Unix emulators
Unix history
Lashenden Air Warfare Museum. Lashenden Air Warfare Museum is an aviation museum at Lashenden (Headcorn) Airfield in Kent in southeast England.

Exhibits

A Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg, a piloted version of the V-1 flying bomb.

The Focke-Achgelis Fa 330A-1 gyro-kite, used by U-boats for reconnaissance.

A Pickett-Hamilton Fort, a pop-up pillbox from World War II, was recently excavated from RAF Manston and restored.

The museum has a large collection of aircraft components and memorabilia.

External links 
Lashenden Air Warfare Museum

 

Aerospace museums in England
Museums in the Borough of Maidstone
Exagon Furtive-eGT. The Exagon Furtive-eGT is a four-seat electric grand tourer sports car produced by Exagon Motors. It was unveiled at the 2010 Paris Motor Show as a concept. A slightly amended pre-production version was launched at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2013.

The Furtive-eGT has two electric water-cooled motors that spin at 10,000 rpm and a three speed semi-automatic transmission bringing it to a top speed of . Each of the Exagon's motors develops , producing a maximum output of .
This allows it to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.5 seconds.
The lithium-ion battery has 53 kWh capacity providing a claimed range of 360 kilometers (223 miles) in the city, without memory effect and highly recyclable and a minimum capacity after 3,000 cycles (approximately 10 years of use) of over 80%.

Exagon says it used Formula One technology to develop the chassis, which consists of a carbon fiber/honeycomb structure monocoque to which cast aluminium subframes are attached. The body of the Furtive-eGT is also made from advanced composite materials and weighs .

References

External links
 
 Exagon's 155 mph Furtive-eGT electric supercar

Electric concept cars
Electric sports cars
2010s cars
Terradynamics. Terradynamics is the study of forces and movement during terrestrial locomotion (particularly that using legs) on ground that can flow such as sand and soil. The term "terradynamics" is used in analogy to aerodynamics for flying in the air and hydrodynamics for swimming in water.  Terradynamics has been used "to predict a small legged robot’s locomotion on granular media". The Johns Hopkins University Terradynamics Lab describes the field as "Movement Science at the Interface of Biology, Robotics & Physics".

References

Terrestrial locomotion
Robot locomotion
Transfer line. A transfer line is a manufacturing system which consists of a predetermined sequence of machines connected by an automated material handling system and designed for working on a very small family of parts. Parts can be moved singularly because there’s no need for batching when carrying parts between process stations (as opposed to a job shop for example). The line can synchronous, meaning that all parts advance with the same speed, or asynchronous, meaning buffers exist between stations where parts wait to be processed. Not all transfer lines must geometrically be straight lines, for example circular solutions have been developed which make use of rotary tables, however using buffers becomes almost impossible.

A crucial problem for this production system is that of line balancing: a trade-off between increasing productivity and minimizing cost conserving total processing time.

Advantages
Easy management: low work in progress and scheduling without simultaneous processing of different products
Low need for manpower
Less space needed (compare with job shop)
Less output variability: no alternative technological cycles and quality control is more effective (less WIP and easier to automate) 
High system saturation: less production mix variability
Fast lead time.
High volume of production is possible.

Disadvantages
Very low flexibility
Risk of obsolescence: due to new product introduction
High vulnerability to failures: a failure in a single machine blocks the whole system in very short time

See also
Job shop
Production line
Workflow

External links
 Fuel injector transfer line with poka-yoke
 Brush transfer line
 Load/Unload Station of a golf ball transfer line

Manufacturing
Transformation Priority Premise. Transformation Priority Premise (TPP) is a programming approach developed by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob) as a refinement to make the process of test-driven development (TDD) easier and more effective for a computer programmer.

Transformation Priority Premise states that simpler transformations should be preferred:

This approach facilitates the programmer doing the simplest possible thing for the purposes of test-driven development as they can explicitly refer to the list of transformations and favor the simpler transformations (from the top of the list) over those further down in the list in the first instance.

The Transformations

 ({} → nil) no code at all → code that employs nil
 (nil → constant)
 (constant → constant+) a simple constant to a more complex constant
 (constant → scalar) replacing a constant with a variable or an argument
 (statement → statements) adding more unconditional statements.
 (unconditional → if) splitting the execution path
 (scalar → array)
 (array → container)
 (statement → tail-recursion)
 (if → while)
 (statement → non-tail-recursion)
 (expression → function) replacing an expression with a function or algorithm
 (variable → assignment) replacing the value of a variable.
 (case) adding a case (or else) to an existing switch or if

Uncle Bob also explicitly stated: "There are likely others", and

How to use the Transformations in Practice 

Ridlehoover clarifies that the Transformations help you pick which tests to write and in what order.

Corey Haines provides a live coding demo (Roman Numerals Kata) where he solves a coding challenge utilising the Transformations.

References

 Roman Numerals Kata with Commentary
 Transformation Priority Premise Applied
 The Transformation Priority Premise explained by Uncle Bob

External links
Bob Martin's original blog post on TPP
A subsequent blog post in which Bob Martin extended the list of transformations

Extreme programming
Software development philosophies
Software development process
Software testing
Spectral printing. Spectral printing is the art and science of reproducing the spectra of a scene-referred image, by means of hard-copy printing using more than four process-colour printing inks namely cyan, magenta, yellow and black and their lighter versions. The additional secondary inks are often referred to as spot colours. As opposed to normal four-colour process printing, the aim of spectral printing is to eliminate or reduce metamerism either due to illuminant or observer.

A side effect of printing with more than four primary inks is that it enables an improvement in colour gamut of the printed image due to the use of secondary inks, which can be used for CCR (colour-component-replacement) similar to UCR (under-colour-removal) or GCR (gray-component-replacement) for black. The use of these multiple inks inflicts additional constraints in the printing system in the context of its modeling parameters such as ink-media interaction, total-ink-limit, halftoning with multiple-inks and the effect of ink overlay order.

In terms of colour management, this multi-channel printing process mandates representation and manipulation of colours in the domain of spectral reflectivity of the scene. One such necessary manipulation includes spectral gamut mapping. Often, the methods used for such spectral colour management can also be employed for spectral reproduction on multi-primary display systems.

See also
 Art photography print types

References

External links 
 Research in Multi-Channel Printing

Printing processes
NA32 experiment. NA32, "Investigation of Charm Production in Hadronic Interactions Using High - Resolution Silicon Detectors", was a research project at CERN. The project was approved on 18 November 1982, data taking completed on 20 August 1986 and the analysis of the results was formally considered finished on 20 August 1996.

It was also known as ACCMOR, an acronym of the names of the collaborating research institutes which carried it out — the Amsterdam-Bristol-CERN-Cracow-Munich-Rutherford Collaboration, which was also responsible for the WA3 experiment.

The experiment was designed to measure precisely the momentum of charged particles emerging from high energy hadron interactions and identify these particles over a large range of momenta. Experimental setup consists of two large spectrometer magnets, forty-eight planes of drift chambers arranged in several arms and four multicell threshold Cerenkov counters. A calorimeter at the end was used to measure the position and energy of photons and electrons.

The target region consisted of a telescope of seven silicon microstrip detectors to measure the incoming beam, a forward vertex detector to precisely track secondary particles produced in high energy hadronic interactions and a 2.5 mm thick copper target.

Microstrip detectors used in the NA32 experiment come from three different sources. Most were produced by J.Kemmer at the TU Munich following a technique developed earlier by Kemmer. In an early stage of the experiment (1982), four detectors in the beam telescope produced by ENERTEC in Strasbourg were used. In 1984 and 1985 two prototype detectors produced by MICRON in England were included for specific tests.

The pixel size of the NA32 detectors was 22 x 22 μm, and the effective detector thickness ~15 μm. The relatively shallow active area lead to a very small signal demanding cooling and very low noise electronics. In the NA32 the data was read out at a rate of 1.5-3 MHz, allowing ~50 000 pixels to be read out in 16 ms.

NA32 proved that tracking using silicon microstrip detectors was a practical technique for resolving particle tracks over very short distances, and in particular for detecting short-lived particles down to half lives of fractions of picoseconds.

See also
 List of Super Proton Synchrotron experiments

References

Further reading
A.Ali, P.Soeding. High Energy Electron-positron Physics, 1988. p. 373

External links 

 CERN-NA-32  experiment record on INSPIRE-HEP

Particle experiments
CERN experiments
Smart Sparrow. Smart Sparrow is an ed-tech (education technology) start-up, the commercialization of an adaptive learning technology incubated within the Adaptive eLearning Research Group at the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.

Adaptive learning is an educational method using computers as interactive teaching devices, adapting educational material according to students' learning needs. The technology incorporates the interactivity previously only afforded by an actual human teacher, and integrates ideas from various fields, including computer science, education, and psychology.

The Smart Sparrow software tools, known collectively as the Adaptive eLearning Platform, are a web-based suite that develops adaptive learning content and applications, deploys that material to students and analyses how students learn from their responses to the material.  The platform implements an intelligent tutoring system that combines Constraint-Based Modeling with Model Tracing.

In 2013, an educational white paper "LEARNING TO ADAPT: A Case for Accelerating Adaptive Learning in Higher Education" identified Smart Sparrow as one of six ‘notable’ adaptive learning platform providers.

The same paper, part of a study funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, cited the impact of the Smart Sparrow platform on increasing enrollments and reducing dropouts. Other studies cite accelerated learning times with the platform.

By 2013, the platform had become the basis of Australia's national Biomedical Education Skills and Training Network, and was being integrated into tertiary courses in differing  disciplines at universities in the US and Australia. By later that year, Smart Sparrow was being deployed in Australian high schools, as part of a collaborative partnership with Australian universities to improve student engagement in mathematics and science.

In January 2020, Smart Sparrow has been acquired by Pearson Education

References 

Educational technology companies of Australia