omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cushaw Hydroelectric Project. The Cushaw Hydroelectric Project is a 7.5 megawatt (MW) dam and power house facility owned and operated by Cushaw Hydro LLC. 

The project is located on the James River, a navigable waterway of the United States, in Bedford and Amherst Counties, Virginia. The project occupies federal lands administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Nearby communities include Snowden and Big Island, Virginia. The town of Glasgow, Virginia lies just northwest of the Cushaw Project pool. 

The project was constructed and began generating electric power in 1930 at the site of a former dam constructed in the 1820's and reconstructed in the 1850's known as Cushaw Falls Dam.
The Cushaw Project consists of a 1,550-foot-long, 27-foot-high reinforced concrete dam, with a 1,500-foot-long spillway extending diagonally across the James River. The dam impounds a 138-acre reservoir with a surface elevation of 656 feet mean sea level (msl) at normal operating pool. The project’s powerhouse is integral with the dam and contains five generating units with a total installed capacity of 7,500 kilowatts. Project power is transmitted through a 2.3-kilovolt (kV) underground cable connected to a substation. Dominion Energy previously operated the project remotely from its Bath County Pumped Storage project. Dominion Energy sold the project (the oldest one in their fleet) to Cushaw Hydro LLC in late 2018.

There are no designated recreation areas at the project, but the owner cooperates with the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries in maintaining a boat ramp known as Rocky Row Run, which is located on the project impoundment approximately 0.8 mile upstream from the Cushaw dam. In addition, the Appalachian National Scenic Trail Foot Bridge, constructed in 2000 on the pilings of a former railroad bridge, crosses the reservoir about 0.5 mile upstream from the dam. 

A railroad bridge constructed by the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, now used by successor CSX, crosses the upstream impoundment. Approximately one mile downstream of the dam lies the smaller Bedford Hydropower Project owned and operated by the Town of Bedford, Virginia.

Cushaw Hydro LLC operates the project in a run-of-river mode whereby flows through the turbines and/or over the spillway crest (elevation 656 feet msl) equal inflow to the project reservoir, as follows. Through use of a level probe equipped with an alarm and a video camera, Cushaw Hydro LLC ensures that a continuous veil of flow occurs over the 1,500-foot-long spillway. When river flows are between the maximum and minimum hydraulic capacity of the powerhouse [4,150 cubic feet per second (cfs) maximum and 700 cfs minimum], plant operators increase or decrease flows through the turbines to maintain spill over the spillway. When river flow reaches 7,000 cfs, the units are taken off line and all inflow passes over the spillway because the head is insufficient to generate energy due to the increased tailrace elevation. Similarly, when inflow is less than 700 cfs, all inflow passes over the spillway.

References

Dams in Virginia
Gravity dams
James River (Virginia)
Hydroelectric power plants in Virginia
Bedford Hydropower Project. The Bedford Hydropower Project (Snowden) is a hydroelectric generation facility on the James River near the community of Big Island, Virginia. The project includes a low head structure completely spanning the river; river flow is split into a concrete canal leading to the hydroelectric generation facility and the natural river course. 

Dam and hydroelectric plant are located approximately one mile downstream of the larger Cushaw Hydroelectric Project; the address of the project is 7443 Elon Road (Virginia Route 130), Big Island, Virginia. This dam is the middle of three dams in rapid succession; the Big Island Dam is located several miles downstream.

The project consists of a canal along the left bank of the river leading to the buttressed power plant structure and an adjacent run of the river bypass of natural riverbed past the low head dam. A public fishing area is located at the Project upstream of the canal headgates; a canoe portage is also provided.

The project is operated by the Town and is staffed at least two hours per day, seven days a week. Additionally, the plant is monitored remotely and an automated call system alerts town personnel of abnormal conditions.

References

Gravity dams
Dams on the James River
Hydroelectric power plants in Virginia
Nitrogen difluoride. Nitrogen difluoride, also known as difluoroamino, is a reactive radical molecule with formula . This small molecule is in equilibrium with its dimer tetrafluorohydrazine.

As the temperature increases the proportion of  increases.

The molecule is unusual in that it has an odd number of electrons, yet is stable enough to study experimentally.

Properties
The energy needed to break the N–N bond in  is , with an entropy change of 38.6 eu. For comparison, the dissociation energy of the N–N bond is  in ,  in , and  in . The enthalpy of formation of  (ΔfH) is .

At room temperature  is mostly associated with only 0.7% in the form of  at  pressure. When the temperature rises to 225 °C, it mostly dissociates with 99% in the form of .

In , the N–F bond length is 1.3494 Å and the angle subtended at F–N–F is 103.33°.

In the infrared spectrum the N–F bond in  has a symmetrical stretching frequency of 1075 cm−1. This compares to 1115 cm−1 in NF, 1021 cm−1 in  and 998 cm−1 in .

The microwave spectrum shows numerous lines due to spin transitions, with or without nuclear spin transitions. The lines form set of two triplets for antisymmetric singlet, or two triplets of triplets for symmetric triplet. Lines appear around 14–15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28–29, 33, 60, 61, 62, and 65 GHz. The rotational constants for the  molecule are A = , B = , and C = . The inertial defect Δ = 0.1204 mu·Å2. The centrifugal distortion constants are τaaaa = −7.75, τbbbb = −0.081, τaabb = 0.30, and τabab = −0.13.

The dipole moment is 0.13 D ().

The ground electronic state of the molecule is 2B1.

The gas is often contaminated with NO or .

Use
Nitrogen difluoride is formed during the function of a xenon monofluoride excimer laser. Nitrogen trifluoride is the halide carrier gas, which releases fluoride ions when impacted by electrons:

The free fluoride ion goes on to react with xenon cations.

Nitrogen difluoride can be consumed further to yield nitrogen monofluoride.

References

Extra reading

Nitrogen fluorides
Free radicals
MB Holding. MB Holding Company LLC or Mohammed al Barwani LLC (MB LLC) is an Omani conglomerate with interests in oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield services, engineering and mining.

The company was founded in 1982 by Mohammed Al Barwani as an oilfield service provider to oil producers such as Petroleum Development Oman and Occidental Petroleum. It subsequently expanded into exploration and production and gained concessions in Oman, Egypt and Mozambique.

MB's engineering arm is involved in the aerospace and defense industry. Its mining subsidiary, Mawarid Mining, was set up in 2000 and is the largest private mining company in Oman. Mawarid is the first private mining company to engage in copper and gold exploration in Oman.

Musstir, the property development arm, specialises in the development of hotels. MB acquired Oceanco, a luxury yacht builder based in the Netherlands, in 2010.

Its other investments include Nautilus Minerals (28 percent), an underwater mineral exploration company based in Canada, Al Madina Takaful (26 percent), an Omani takaful operator, and Watania (51 percent), a takaful operator based in Abu Dhabi.

Al Barwani is chairman of the MB Group while his sons head the mining and oil and gas E&P arms.

Operations
MB Holding's key business segments and operating subsidiaries are as follows:
 Oilfield services: MB Petroleum Services
 Oil and gas exploration and production: Petrogas E&P
 Mining: Mawarid Mining
 Engineering: United Engineering Services

References

External links
 

Companies of Oman
Conglomerate companies established in 1982
Companies based in Muscat, Oman
1982 establishments in Oman
Soda locomotive. Soda locomotives were a variant of fireless locomotives, in which steam was raised in a boiler, expanded through cylinders in the usual way, and then condensed in a tank of caustic soda that surrounded the boiler. Dissolving water in caustic soda liberated heat, which generated more steam from the boiler, until the caustic soda became too dilute to release heat at a useful temperature.

Technical description 
These closed-loop steam engines had no firebox. The boiler was jacketed by a container loaded with about 5 tons of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). When water or steam came in contact with the caustic soda, it would generate heat—enough to actually run the boiler and generate more steam. Steam emanating from the boiler would be fed through pistons to propel the locomotive forward, and the exhaust steam from the pistons would be fed into the caustic soda to continue the cycle. These vehicles were virtually silent, because the steam was not released into the atmosphere.

A soda locomotive could run for several hours, but eventually the soda would become diluted and wouldn't produce enough heat to continue generating steam. For reconcentrating, the caustic soda was either transferred out of the boiler of the locomotive and boiled in open vats, or, rather more conveniently, by injecting superheated steam at a high enough temperature to boil off the water in solution. A stationary boiler would be hooked up and feed superheated steam through the soda to boil off the water and effectively recharge the soda.

These locomotives were always called "soda locomotives" (sodium carbonate) although "caustic soda locomotives" (sodium hydroxide) would be a more precise description. The misleading terminology was most likely used, to increase their acceptance by the public, which was used to using washing soda but might have been frightened by the nasty alkali burns sitting next to several tons of hot caustic soda.

Other salts such as calcium chloride could also be used.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages 
 The soda locomotives were quiet, by which they were more beneficial than compressed-air motors.
 The soda locomotives did not leave any smoke, sparks or soot.
 Low quality coal could be used in the fixed installation that reconcentrated the caustic soda.
 There was no need to carry coal around.

Disadvantages 
 The weight of the big tank of caustic soda reduced performance or efficiency.
 The risk of nasty burns caused by caustic soda. A boiler explosion would have had very serious consequences.
 The reconcentration boilers needed to be replaced regularly due to corrosion.

Locomotives 
 The Perkins calcium chloride engine, 1864
 The Spence caustic soda boiler, 1874
 The Honigmann caustic soda locomotive, 1885
 The Baldwin soda motors, 1886

References 

Steam vehicles
Steam locomotive types
Energy storage
SNJB's College of Engineering. SNJB's Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad (SNJB's KBJ COE) is a private engineering college in Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. It is permanently affiliated to the Savitribai Phule Pune University and approved by the Directorate of Technical Education (DTE), Maharashtra State and All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.

It is an un-aided, non-autonomous, Jain-minority college.

Academics
SNJB's KBJ COE offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses of study in engineering. The four year undergraduate programme leads to the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and two year postgraduate programme leads to the degree of Master of Engineering. The courses offered are as follows:

Undergraduate courses:
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Postgraduate courses:
 Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Facilities
The campus houses a Polytechnic, pharmacy, Medical college, hostels (boys/girls). It has sporting facilities like cricket/football ground, badminton, basketball, volleyball court, and a gym. Wi-Fi connection is available throughout college. Canteen for the refreshment of students.

Departments 
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
 Master of Business Administration (MBA)

See also
chandwad

External links
 
 snjb's Medical college
 snjb's Hhjb Polytechnic

Jain universities and colleges
Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
All India Council for Technical Education
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Education in Nashik district
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Maharashtra
Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering. Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering (Danish: Aarhus Maskinmesterskole or AAMS) is a school of higher education in Aarhus, Denmark. The school is a self owning institution and offers bachelor's degree in marine and technical engineering - with electives such as marine engineering and automation, energy and technology.

In the summer of 2014, the school took residence in the new Navitas building at Aarhus Docklands and initiated a cooperative programme with Business Academy Aarhus, offering Academy Profession Degrees in Automotive Technology (Danish: autoteknolog) and Automation Engineering (Danish: automationsteknolog). The Navitas building also includes a department of INCUBA Science Park and AU Engineering.

Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering is subordinated the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. In 1968 it became a self-owning institution with an independent board of directors which includes representatives of the student body and faculty and it is now the largest school of marine and technical engineering in Denmark, with app. 1.000 students as of 2016.

Programmes 
The Marine Engineering programme focus on practical and theoretical skills necessary to comply with international qualification standards for crews on ships operating internationally. The Energy Programme is taught in English with participation of Danish and English students. The automation programme focus on automation technology and machine technique. The Project Management programme teaches the role of a project manager and project management tools useful for Technical Engineering projects.

Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering also offer a one term elective course taught in English for both Danish and international students. The course is called Energy – Technology and Management. In this course, Danish and international students work and study together on subjects related to both conventional and “green” energy supply. The course is 30 ECTS. The course consists of two parts, each part is 15 ECTS and can be taken separately. The course is offered every semester – spring and autumn.

References

External links
 Aarhus School of Marine and Technical Engineering
 Profile on the Education Guide website of the Danish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Higher Education

¨

Higher education in Aarhus
Gravitic density meter. A gravitic density meter is a type of density meter used in multiple industries to measure the density of a slurry flowing through a pipe line. It consists of a flexible rubber hose that deflects when weight is flowing through the hose. A displacement measurement device, usually a high precision laser or load cell, is used to measure how much change has occurred in the system. 
By calculating the change of deflection of the hose, a gravitic density meter can be used to 
find the real time, continuous density.

Gravitic density meters do not measure the specific gravity directly. The specific gravity is 
calculated after the density has been measured.

Components

A gravitic density meter has multiple components.

A resistance temperature detector (RTD) is used to acquire 
temperature readings. These readings are used to compensate for temperature. A pressure transducer is used to account for changes in pressure. Pressure affects the 
rigidity of the flexible hose. Changes in rigidity affect the way that the flexible hose 
deflects. The flexible hose is used to measure deflection. Larger weights cause more 
deflection in the flexible rubber hose. The flexible hose must be repeatable, accurate, and 
precise. Without these three attributes, an accurate measurement cannot be obtained.

Insulation is used to protect the flexible cartridge as well as isolate the flexible 
cartridge from the effects of ambient temperature. Large differentials between the ambient 
temperature and media temperature cause the flexible cartridge to behave differently than 
what is normal. The displacement measurement device needs to have a fast response time. A 
fast response results in more data which can be used to compensate for vibration. 
Gravitic density meters measure the entire volume inside the flexible cartridge. This makes 
the sample size very large. This large sample size leads to measurements that reflect the 
entire sample, because the entire sample is going to go through the hose.

Industries

Gravitic density meters have many uses in many different industries. Mining, dredging, 
wastewater, paper, and oil and gas all make use of gravitic density meters. All these 
industries need to measure the amount of solids moving through its respective process.

Mining industries use gravitic density meters to measure the amount of ore being transported.

Dredging industries use gravitic density meters to measure the amount of debris being moved 
and carried by the dredge.

Wastewater industries use gravitic density meters to measure the amount of sewage that needs 
to be treated.

Paper production uses gravitic density meters to measure the amount of pulp currently being 
used in the process.

Oil and gas use gravitic density meters to measure the amount of oil and gas in the system. 
This case exemplifies the versatility of gravitic density meters because oil and gas are 
lighter than water.

External links
 White Paper

Density meters
Miles & Atwood Special. The Miles & Atwood Special is a racing aircraft developed during the interwar period

Development
The Miles & Atwood Special is a single seat, low-wing, open cockpit, racing aircraft with conventional landing gear. It was built by Leon Atwood and Lee Miles.

The aircraft uses solid wood spars. Fabric was attached using a relatively new process using screws with fabric tape covering, rather than conventional rib-stitching. The aircraft raced with a green livery waxed to a high gloss. Lee Miles died when a flying wire broke in a 1937 qualifying race.

Operational history
National Air Races - Set a world speed record for an aircraft under  over  course at .
Won 1933 Greve Trophy
Chicago Air Race - Straight Line speed record for aircraft with less than 375 cubic inch displacement of .
In February 1934, the Miles & Atwood Special won the Shell Trophy
Sixth place in 1935 Greve race

Specifications (Miles & Atwood Special)

References

Further reading
Brown B-2 Racer, a follow-on aircraft by the same designer.

External links

Racing aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Heath Baby Bullet. The Heath Baby Bullet was a racing aircraft built during the interwar period.

Design and development
The Baby Bullet started as a single place, mid-winged, open cockpit, conventional landing gear equipped aircraft. A Bristol Cherub engine was first used, followed by a Continental A-40.

Operational history
1928 National Air Races
1934 National Air Races - Bob Chonsky renamed his plane the "Angell Whistler" and crashed with a failed landing gear.

Variants
1932 Single main wheel version

Specifications (Baby Bullet)

References

Racing aircraft
SNAS Stryke-Air Bi. The SNAS Stryke-Air Bi () is a French powered parachute that was designed and produced by Société Nouvelle d'Aviation Sportive (SNAS) of Noillac. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

The aircraft was introduced in about 2001 and production ended when the company went out of business in 2004.

Design and development
The Stryke-Air Bi was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a parachute-style wing, two-seats-in-tandem accommodation, tricycle landing gear and a single  Zanzottera MZ 34 engine in pusher configuration. The  Zanzottera MZ 201 engine was a factory option.

The aircraft carriage is built from 4130 steel tubing. In flight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has foot pedal-controlled nosewheel steering. The main landing gear incorporates spring rod suspension. There is a fixed vertical fin to reduce propeller torque effects. Unusually the pilot sits in the back and the passenger is accommodated in the front seat.

Specifications (Stryke-Air Bi)

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org

Bi
2000s French sport aircraft
2000s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Make Me a Millionaire Inventor. Make Me a Millionaire Inventor is an American television docu-series which airs on CNBC, and has been called "a sort-of Mythbusters-meets-Shark-Tank mashup." The show's two hosts, George Zaidan and Deanne Bell, are "on a mission to find the best inventions NEVER made and give them new life." Each episode features Zaidan and Bell (a chemist/advisor and mechanical engineer, respectively) teaming up with two sets of inventors who have "hit a brick wall," to help them prepare their inventions for a pitch to potential investors who can help take them to market.

The original version of the show aired in the UK in 2013 on Sky Vision, and the rights to the show were sold to a number of other providers worldwide.

Broadcast
The series premiered in America on CNBC on August 12, 2015, with episodes airing every Wednesday. A second season launched on October 6, 2016.

Episodes

Series overview

Season 1 (2015)

Season 2 (2016)

References

External links

2015 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
CNBC original programming
American English-language television shows
Kaiping Mines. The Kaiping Mines (开平煤矿 "Kaiping Coal Mine") was one of the first modern mining companies in Zhili, China. It was founded by Li Hongzhang and production began in 1881. During this period of the mines (1881-1912) at times the annual coal production reached 1,400,000 tons. One of the principals was Zhou Xuexi and the chief engineer was Herbert Hoover.

During the course of the Boxer Rebellion, to protect them from foreign occupation, and with the cooperation of Hoover and British financial interests, the mines passed to the Anglo-Belgian Chinese Engineering & Mining Company. The Luanzhou (Lanchou, Lanchow) Mining Company was formed in 1908 under Yuan Shikai to pressure the British to come to terms and return the mines to Chinese control. However the Chinese Engineering & Mining Company emerged on top during the ensuing price war and in 1912 the two companies would agree to the formation of the Kailan (Kailuan) Mining Administration to manage the mines on behalf of both companies.

The Kailan Mines were seen by Matsunaga Yasuzaemon in 1918. Today it's called Kailuan Group.

References 

Coal companies of China
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1877
Companies based in Tianjin
Defunct manufacturing companies of China
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1912
1912 disestablishments in China
Chinese companies established in 1877