omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Saxon IV T. The Royal Saxon State Railway designated four-coupled tank locomotives for passenger train service as class IV T (four-T), and the Deutsche Reichsbahn subsequently grouped these locomotives into DRG Class 71.3 in 1925.

History 
In terms of design, the locomotives were based on the class T 5.1 of the Prussian State Railways. Despite the defects that emerged, such as the uneven running at high speed, which led to derailments, 91 copies of this locomotive were procured from 1897 to 1909 in several lots. On Saxon routes it is not so much a high top speed that matters, but rather good acceleration due to the relatively short distance between the stops.

The first locomotives were named after small towns in Saxony  and were listed as VIII bb T; in 1900 the designation was changed to IV T.

Locomotive 1727 was the leading locomotive in the serious  between Braunsdorf and Frankenberg on the Roßwein–Niederwiesa railway line on 14 December 1913. The lead locomotive was repaired – hard to believe, if you look at the accident – but not until 1933 when it became DRG 71 322. 

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 85 locomotives of this type and gave them the numbers 71 301 to 71 385. Six locomotives were taken out of service shortly before the re-designation; another wave of retirement followed around 1930. After World War II, two locomotives remained with ČSD, while ten locomotives came to the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The locomotives were retired by the Deutsche Reichsbahn by 1955; none of them survived.

Technical features 
The two-ring boiler provided saturated steam to the two cylinders which had a bore of   and a stroke of . The connecting rod drove the second axle via Heusinger (Walschaerts) valve gear. The driving wheels were of  diameter.

The fixed wheelbase of the coupled driving axles was , the total wheelbase was . The two carrying axles were designed as Adam axles.

The first delivery series had a  thick riveted plate frame; from 1902, the plate frames were  thick. In the last series, cutouts were also left in the firebox area.

In addition to handbrake, the Westinghouse brake, which acted on both sets of coupling wheels, was available. The air pump required for this was arranged on the right-hand side of the smokebox.

Between the frames was a well tank with a capacity of ; from 1906 the locomotives were supplied with additional water tanks on the side, increasing the capacity to . All previously delivered machines were later retrofitted in this way. The coal supply of  was subsequently increased in some locomotives and / or a coal box attachment was added so that a maximum of  of coal could be loaded.

The first delivery series had a driver's cab with a large door cutout; from 1902, the locomotives were instead equipped with sliding windows on the side. The ventilation attachment on the driver's cab roof was subsequently supplemented by four ventilation hoods.

References 

 
 
 

2-4-2T locomotives
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik locomotives
04 T
Railway locomotives introduced in 1897
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′B1′ n2t locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Parag Agrawal. Parag Agrawal (; born 21 May 1984) is an Indian-born American software engineer and businessman who was the CEO of Twitter, Inc. from November 2021 to October 2022.

Early life and education 
Agrawal was born in Ajmer, Rajasthan. His father was a senior official in the Indian Department of Atomic Energy and his mother is a retired Economics professor from Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute in Mumbai.

He completed his Secondary Schooling at Atomic Energy Central School No.4 and in 2001, he completed his HSC at Atomic Energy Junior College, Mumbai. In the same year, he secured a gold medal in the International Physics Olympiad held in Antalya, Turkey.

In 2005, Agrawal obtained his BTech degree in Computer Science and Engineering from IIT Bombay. That year, he moved to the United States to pursue a PhD in computer science at Stanford University under the guidance of Jennifer Widom. His Stanford doctoral thesis, published in 2012, is titled "Incorporating Uncertainty in Data Management and Integration".

Career 
Agrawal held research internships at Microsoft Research and Yahoo! Research before joining Twitter as a software engineer in 2011. In October 2017, Twitter announced the appointment of Agrawal as chief technology officer following the departure of Adam Messinger. In December 2019, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey announced that Agrawal would be in charge of Project Bluesky, an initiative to develop a decentralized social network protocol.

In an interview discussing the rise of misinformation on Twitter with MIT Technology Review in November 2020, while still Twitter CTO, when asked about freedom of speech regarding Twitter, Agrawal said: "Our role is not to be bound by the First Amendment, but our role is to serve a healthy public conversation ... [and to] focus less on thinking about free speech, but thinking about how the times have changed." 

On November 29, 2021, Dorsey announced that he was resigning as CEO of Twitter and that Agrawal was replacing him immediately. As CEO, Agrawal was awarded annual compensation of $1 million as well as stock compensation worth $12.5 million. Agrawal was fired as CEO once Elon Musk completed his acquisition of the company on October 27, 2022.

Post-Twitter, Agrawal founded an artificial intelligence startup aimed at developing software for large language models (LLMs). The company received $30 million in funding from Khosla Ventures, Index Ventures, and First Round Capital.

Personal life
Agrawal is married to Vineeta Agarwala, general partner at the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, where she focuses on investments in biotech and health tech. They have two children, and reside in San Francisco.

References

External links 
 

1984 births
American chief technology officers
American technology chief executives
Businesspeople from Rajasthan
Indian emigrants to the United States
IIT Bombay alumni
Living people
People from Ajmer
Stanford University alumni
Twitter, Inc. people
Kenneth R. Whitesell. Kenneth Ray Whitesell (born July 19, 1961) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy, and the past Commander, Naval Air Forces. He retired on September 7, 2023.

Education
Whitesell grew up in Stuarts Draft, Virginia. He graduated from Old Dominion University in 1983 with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. He is also a graduate of the Joint Forces Staff College and the Naval War College, where he earned a Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies.

Naval career
Whitesell became a Naval Flight Officer in the United States Navy, being commissioned at Officer Candidate School in February 1985 and earning his Naval Aviator Insignia in October 1986. He graduated from the Navy Fighter Weapons School and flew the F-14 Tomcat and, later, the F/A-18 Super Hornet. He has over 4,000 flight hours.

His operational assignments have been aboard the aircraft carriers:
 Fighter Squadron VF-142, aboard 
 Top Gun training officer and assistant operations officer with VF-74, aboard 
 VF-32, 
 Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-41, 

Whitesell has participated in Operations Desert Shield, Southern Watch, Deliberate Guard/Allied Force, Iraqi Freedom and Inherent Resolve.

Overseas assignments ashore:
 Combined Air and Space Operations Center battle director, Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar
 Chief of staff and director, Maritime Operations Center, Commander, United States Navy Central Command/Commander, United States Fifth Fleet

Commands

Whitesell has served as commander of:
 Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-41, USS Nimitz
 Carrier Air Wing One aboard the aircraft carrier ,
 Carrier Strike Group 2 aboard the aircraft carrier ,
 Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR) and Naval Air Force, Pacific Fleet (COMNAVAIRPAC).

Awards and decorations

References

|-

|-

|-

External links
 COMNAVAIRFOR website

1961 births
United States Navy personnel of the Gulf War
United States Navy personnel of the Iraq War
Living people
Naval War College alumni
Old Dominion University alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
United States Naval Flight Officers
United States Navy vice admirals
Cindy Grimm. Cindy Marie Grimm is an American computer scientist, roboticist, and mechanical engineer. She is a professor in the School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at Oregon State University.

Research
Topics in Grimm's current research include robot grasping and issues of ethics and privacy in robotics, including the ethical implications of autonomous drones and self-driving cars. Her past work has included research on the shape of ferret brains, using bat sonar techniques to develop robot sensors, and augmenting medical information with visual cues modeled after those in classical paintings, to guide non-expert viewers along the sight lines chosen by experts.
She has also published highly cited work in volume segmentation, computational topology, shape comparison, and the modeling and synthesis of human facial expressions.

Education and career
Grimm grew up on the San Francisco Peninsula, where her parents were educators and later educational software developers. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1990 with a double major in art and computer science, and completed a Ph.D. at Brown University in 1996, working in computer graphics there with John F. Hughes. Her dissertation was Modeling Surfaces of Arbitrary Topology using Manifolds.

After postdoctoral research at Brown and at Microsoft Research, she became an assistant professor of computer science and engineering at Washington University in St. Louis in 2000. She moved to the School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at Oregon State University as a research associate professor in 2012, became a regular-rank associate professor in 2015, and was promoted to full professor in 2020.

Personal life
Grimm is married to Bill Smart, also on the faculty of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering at Oregon State; they met as graduate students at Brown University while sparring in a hapkido course taught by Grimm. Grimm and Smart also continue to work together in the martial arts, as co-owners of a dojo in Corvallis, Oregon.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Brown University alumni
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Oregon State University faculty
Laleh Behjat. Laleh Behjat is a professor in engineering at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada.

Biography 
Behjat completed a bachelor's degree in engineering at the University of Tehran in 1996 and immigrated from Iran to Canada in 1997. She received her Master's degree in electrical engineering in 1999 and her PhD in 2002. In 2002 she was appointed a professor in electrical and computer engineering at the University of Calgary.

Her research mainly focuses on developing various electronic design automation(EDA) techniques for physical design, large scale optimisation for EDA, as well as engineering education. Behjat is the NSERC Chair for Women in Science and Engineering (Prairies Region) where she works on developing inclusive culture in the STEM fields. The Chairs for Women in Science and Engineering (CWSE) is NSERC's initiative responding to the need for diversity and inclusion within the STEM fields.

In 2009, she and her colleagues received seed funding to find ways to promote engineering and science to females.  Behjat aims to narrow the gender gap between female and male engineers. In 2015, she received the Women in Engineering and Geoscience Award from APEGA in recognition of her work in the area of promoting gender diversity.

References

External links 

Academic staff of the University of Calgary
Iranian emigrants to Canada
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Canadian engineers
Canadian women engineers
21st-century Canadian women engineers
Rafi Bistritzer. Rafi Bistritzer (; born 1974 in Israel) is an Israeli physicist, and manager of an algorithms group at Applied Materials. He is the winner of the 2020 Wolf Prize in Physics, together with Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and Allan MacDonald, for "pioneering theoretical and experimental work on twisted bilayer graphene."

Biography
Bistritzer received a bachelor's degree in physics from Tel Aviv University in 2000. He received an MSc in physics in 2003, and a PhD in physics in 2007, both from the Weizmann Institute of Science. He moved to the United States for a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin, under the supervision of Alan H. MacDonald, where he studied the theoretical physics of bilayer graphene, and specifically twisted bilayer graphene. Their calculations predicted that two parallel graphene sheets twisted at an angle of 1.1 degrees relative to each other (an angle known as the "magic angle") would host flat moiré bands and thus possibly correlated states.

MacDonald's and Bistritzer's work served as the basis for later experimental research by Pablo Jarillo-Herrero at MIT, whose group validated the correctness of the calculations in 2018. The result was a breakthrough in the field of twistronics. For their work, Bistritzer, MacDonald, and Jarillo-Herrero were jointly awarded the 2020 Wolf Prize in physics.

In March 2011 Bistritzer returned to Israel and joined Aspect Imaging, where he worked as a physicist and led a research and development rheology team. In 2013 he moved to Medtronic as the manager of the physics group. Since December 2015, he has been working at Applied Materials as the director of an algorithms group that focuses on computer vision and machine learning. In 2020 he was appointed as an associate professor in Tel Aviv University.

Bistritzer currently lives in Petah Tikva, Israel.

References

External links
 The Wolf 2020 Prize in Physics - Rafi Bistritzer.
 Google scholar - Rafi Bistritzer.

1974 births
Israeli physicists
Living people
Wolf Prize in Physics laureates
Tel Aviv University alumni
Weizmann Institute of Science alumni
University of Texas at Austin people
People from Petah Tikva
Burnisher. A burnisher is a hand tool used in woodworking for creating a burr on a card scraper.

Description 
Purpose-manufactured burnishers are polished smooth, typically made from high speed steel (HSS) or cemented carbide, and usually have wooden handles. The shaft profile is usually round, but other profiles include oval and triangular.

Substitutes for shop-bought burnishers are often made with other common workshop items of hardened steels or cemented carbide, such as the back of a gouge, a bevel edged chisel, a nail punch, or an HSS drill bit. Alternatively the woodworker might use a carbide or HSS rod marketed for other uses.

Limitations 
To work effectively, a burnisher must be much harder than the scraper. Modern scrapers are typically manufactured from harder steels than in the past, and require burnishing with harder materials, making some traditional makeshift burnishers less effective on modern scrapers.

Use 

Once the edges and faces of a card scraper has been filed or ground flat and square, the burnisher is repeatedly rubbed at a slight angle along the scraper's edges, creating a small burr. The specifics of the process can vary significantly between woodworkers.

See also 
 Card scraper
 Burnishing (metal)

References 

Woodworking hand tools
USCGC Angela McShan. USCGC Angela McShan (WPC-1135) is the United States Coast Guard's 35th  cutter.

Like her sister ships she was built in the Bollinger Shipyards, in Lockport, Louisiana.

Design

Like her sister ships, Angela McShan is designed to perform search and rescue missions, port security, and the interception of smugglers.  She is armed with a remotely-controlled, gyro-stabilized 25 mm autocannon, four crew served M2 Browning machine guns, and light arms. She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop.  Her high-speed boat has over-the-horizon capability, and is useful for inspecting other vessels, and deploying boarding parties.

The crew's drinking water needs are met through a desalination unit.  The crew mess is equipped with a television with satellite reception.

Operational career

The vessel was delivered to the Coast Guard base in Key West for her acceptance trials on August 1, 2019.  She was commissioned in her home port of Cape May, New Jersey, in October 2019.

In April 2020, two canoeists went missing 10 miles south of Annapolis, near Herring Bay.  They were Maeve McKean and Gideon Joseph Kennedy McKean, the daughter and grandson of Kathleen Kennedy Townsend of the Kennedy clan.  The Angela McShan was dispatched to help search for the missing boaters.

Namesake

In 2010, Charles "Skip" W. Bowen, who was then the United States Coast Guard's most senior non-commissioned officer, proposed that all 58 cutters in the Sentinel class should be named after enlisted sailors in the Coast Guard, or one of its precursor services, who were recognized for their heroism.  The Coast Guard chose Angela McShan, their first African-American woman to be promoted to Master Chief Petty Officer to be the ship's namesake.

References

Sentinel-class cutters

Ships of the United States Coast Guard
Ships built in Lockport, Louisiana
2019 ships
Ecology in Isfahan. The ecological environment of Isfahan, Iran, reflects many interrelated factors, such as wildlife, climate, topography, irrigation, farming, and the human population.

Geography 
The average altitude in the Isfahan city area is  above sea level (compared to 1563 meters for the larger Isfahan province). Mount Soffeh is the highest point in the city at 2216 meters above sea level.

The city of Isfahan covers an area of 550 square kilometers and is surrounded by an additional 136 square kilometers in suburbs.

Biodiversity 
Gavkhouni, an ancient marsh with highly saline water and uniquely adapted wildlife, is located in the eastern part of the city.

The Isfahan Department of Environment was established in 1972 to conserve biodiversity. Two national animal conservation parks are nearby: Kolah Ghazi Park in the southeast, and Ghamishloo park in the northwest.

Water 
Some 10 kilometers of canals and aqueducts crisscross the area. 14 water tunnels service Isfahan. Other water projects related to the city are the Yazd Water Transfer Pipeline, the Koohrang river tunnels, Kouhrang 2 Hydroelectric Power Station, Kouhrang 1 Dam, and Kouhrang 3 Dam.

The city relies on wells and the Zayanderud dam as its main sources of potable water.

Drought 

Much of Isfahan's water management effort is devoted to combating drought. For example, the city has switched to xeriscaping lawns in a response to water scarcity. By 2020, 52% of city green space (1820 hectares) was maintained with micro-irrigation, a low-pressure water system designed to minimize water use.

Waste 
Isfahan's population of 1,980,000 people creates almost 864 tons of waste daily, or 436 grams per citizen. The Isfahan compost fertilizer factory recycles 650 tons of waste each day and ranks first in the country.

Of the city's 5200 hectares of green space, 35% is irrigated using reclaimed wastewater. The city's main wastewater treatment plants are located in Sepahan Shahr (south) and Shahin Shahr (north).

Air quality 
In 2013 Isfahan had only two days of clean air. 13 sensor stations measure its air quality.

Further reading
City green space program view on sustainability: Case study district 3 of Isfahan.

See also

Wildlife of Iran
Water supply and sanitation in Iran
Energy in Iran
Environmental issues in Iran

References

External links
Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Isfahan
Isfahan Department of Environment
 
 

Isfahan
Environment of Iran
Marija D. Ilić. Marija D. Ilić (born 1951) is a Serbian-American electrical engineer known for her work on the control and pricing of large electrical power systems. She is a professor emerita of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, a senior research scientist at the Laboratory for Information & Decision Systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a senior staff member at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and the founding chief scientist of New Electricity Transmission Software in Massachusetts.

Education and career
Ilić earned an engineering diploma in 1974, and a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1977, both from the University of Belgrade. She came to the US for doctoral study in systems science and mathematics at Washington University in St. Louis, and completed a D.Sc. there in 1980.

She became an assistant professor at Cornell University in 1982, and in 1984 moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign as a tenured associate professor, a position she kept until 1989. In 1987 she began her association with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a senior research scientist. In 2002 she founded New Electricity Transmission Software and moved to Carnegie Mellon University as a full professor. She retired from Carnegie Mellon in 2016 and returned to MIT as a visiting professor, senior scientist, and staff member at the Lincoln Laboratory.

Although Ilić left Belgrade while it was still part of Yugoslavia, she is listed as Serbian by Academia Europaea.

Books
Ilić is the coauthor of books including:
Hierarchical Power Systems Control: Its Value in a Changing Industry (with Shell Liu, Springer, 1996)
Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity Market (with Eric Allen, Springer, 1999)
Dynamics and Control of Large Electric Power Systems (with John Zaborszky, Wiley, 2000)
Valuation, Hedging and Speculation in Competitive Electricity Markets: A Fundamental Approach (with Petter L. Skantze, Springer, 2001)

Recognition
Ilić is a Fellow of the IEEE, elected in the 1999 class of fellows "for contributions to hierarchical electric power systems control and
applications". In 2020 she was elected as a member of the Academia Europaea. In 2021, Ilić was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to electric power system analysis and control. She is also a Fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control.

She holds an honorary chaired professorship at the Delft University of Technology.

References

External links

1951 births
Living people
21st-century Serbian engineers
Serbian women engineers
American electrical engineers
American women engineers
University of Belgrade alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Cornell University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Members of Academia Europaea