omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Image foresting transform. In the practice of digital image processing Alexandre X. Falcao, Jorge Stolfi, and Roberto de Alencar Lotufo have created and proven that the Image Foresting Transform (IFT) can be used as a time saver in processing 2-D, 3-D images, and moving images.

History

In 1959 Dijkstra used a balanced heap data structure to improve upon an algorithm presented by Moore in 1957 and Bellman in 1958 that computed the cost of the paths in a general graph. The Bucket sorting technique is how Dial improved on the algorithm a decade later. The algorithm has been tweaked and modified in many ways since then. It is on this version that Falcao, Stolfi, and Lotufo improved.

Definition

The transform is a tweaked version of Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm that is optimized for using more than one input and the maximization of digital image processing operators. The transform makes a graph of the pixels in an image and the connections between these points are the "cost" of the path portrayed. The cost is calculated by inspecting the characteristics, for example, grey scale, color, gradient among many others, of the path between pixels. Trees are made by connecting the pixels that have the same or close cost for applying the operator decided upon. The robustness of the transform does come at a cost and uses a lot of storage space for the code and the data being processed. When the transform is through, the predecessor, cost, and label are returned. Most of the operators that are used for digital image processing can use these three pieces of information to be optimized.

Optimization

Depending on which digital image processing operator has been decided upon the algorithm can be further tweaked for optimization depending upon what that operator uses. The algorithm can also be optimized by cutting out the recalculation of paths. This is accomplished by using an external reference table to keep track of the calculated paths. "Backward Arcs" can be eliminated by comparing the cost of the path in both directions and eliminating the more expensive path. There is also a case where the algorithm returns infinity for some of the paths. In this case, a threshold number can be set to replace infinity, or the path will be eliminated and not used in further calculations.

See also
Digital image processing
Watershed (image processing)
Random forest

References 

Image processing
Thomas Rumble. Thomas William Rumble  FRSE MICE MIME FGS (1832–1883) was a 19th-century British railway engineer (and locomotive designer), architect, geologist and adventurer.

Life
He was born in London on Boxing Day, 26 December 1832. He was educated at Reading school by Richard Valpy. Around 1847 he joined his father's architectural practice in London.

Around 1848 he went to the east coast of the United States. In 1850 he obtained the post of Assistant Engineer on the Central Railway of New Jersey. Jumping jobs he was also then involved in laying out the Erie and Forest Lawn Cemetery, Berks County Baths and Buffalo Public Washhouses.

He returned to England in the summer of 1852 undertaking the construction of All Saints Church at Kensington Park. However, with a continuing wanderlust went to India at the end of the summer of 1853, gaining employment on the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway. However, ill-health caused him to return to England in February 1854. After a short period of freelancing as Superintending Engineer for the Arthington Water Works under Thomas Hawksley he set up an office in the Westminster district of London. In 1857 he was appointed Engineer to the Atlas Steel Works in Sheffield.

In 1860 he became a Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. His address was then given as 6 Broad Street Buildings in London. In 1866 he appears as the designer of a locomotive for the Great Western Railway. In 1869 he made a study tour to the United States to look at recent technological improvements. A further visit in 1872 included visiting Chicago after the Great Fire to study how bank vaults had survived the inferno. On his return to London he oversaw the construction of extensive new vaults for the National Safe Deposit Company on Queen Victoria Street.

In 1876 he became Chief Engineer to the Southwark and Vauxhall Water Company. This position included laying the main 30 inch water main under the River Thames.

In 1881 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were John Frederick Bateman, Robert Etheridge, James Abernethy and Sir John Hawkshaw.

His health began to fail in 1881, suffering from anemia (probably pernicious anaemia contracted during his trip to India). He retired to the Isle of Wight late in 1882.

He died on 21 April 1883 at Bonchurch on the Isle of Wight and is buried there in the New Churchyard.

References

1832 births
1883 deaths
Engineers from London
British railway mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion. The Siemens-FlyEco Magnus eFusion is a German hybrid diesel-electric aircraft that was designed by Siemens and FlyEco, introduced at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in 2018. The aircraft is intended for series production as a ready-to-fly design.

The design was first flown on 11 April 2018 in Hungary. On 31 May 2018, the prototype crashed in Hungary, while on a training flight, killing its two occupants.

Design and development
The aircraft featured a cantilever low-wing, a two-seat side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed tricycle landing gear, and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft was made from composites. The power train consisted of a Siemens SP55D electric motor which was intended to be powered by batteries for take-off and landing. A FlyEco three-cylinder diesel engine, derived from a Smart Car engine, with common rail injection and electronic controls, was intended to recharge the batteries in flight for extended range.

Accidents and incidents
The prototype crashed in Hungary on 31 May 2018 killing both occupants. The aircraft was on a training flight at the time. The accident investigation concluded that the crash was most likely due to pilot error in causing a high bank-angle stall close to the ground.

Specifications (Magnus eFusion)

See also
List of electric aircraft

References

Siemens aircraft
FlyEco aircraft
2010s German sport aircraft
2010s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Electric aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2018
Lila Ibrahim. Lila Ibrahim is an American engineer and businesswoman. She was hired in 2018 as Google DeepMind's first chief operating officer.  

Her previous roles include Chief Operations Officer at Coursera, Senior Operating Partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, and Chief of Staff to Intel CEO and Chairman Craig Barrett.

Early life and education 
Ibrahim's parents immigrated to the United States. 

Ibrahim studied electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1993. She was a member of the STEM sorority Phi Sigma Rho.

Career 
Ibrahim started in 1993 at Intel as a design engineer on the Pentium processor. During 18 years at Intel she held various technical, marketing, and leadership positions, including serving as Chief of Staff for Craig Barrett. As of 2010 she sat on the Global Council of Thunderbird School of Global Management. 

Ibrahim was appointed Chief of Staff at venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers in 2010. Through Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers she began to work with Coursera. Ibrahim was made President of Coursera in 2013, later Chief Business and Operating Officer, and remained there until 2017. During this time she was appointed to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce's National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 

In April 2018 Ibrahim was hired as the first Chief Operating Officer of DeepMind. 

In 2023 Ibrahim and DeepMind founders Demis Hassabis and Shane Legg signed a Center for AI Safety statement declaring that "Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war." According to Time, Ibrahim's duties at DeepMind include the management of that risk.

Recognition 

In 2007, Ibrahim was recognised by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader. In 2009, she was featured on the cover of ForbesWoman for her role promoting women in technology. In 2010, she was awarded the Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Award for Social Impact.
In 2019, Ibrahim was named to Business Insider's list of Most Influential Leaders Shaping Business Tech in the UK and Most Interesting & Impactful Women in Tech in the UK. In 2023, she was included on Time's list of 100 Most Influential People in AI.

Personal life 
Ibrahim is Lebanese-American. She has twin daughters.

References

Further reading 

 

American chief operating officers
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Silicon Valley people
Living people
Intel people
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
American people of Lebanese descent
American women business executives
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century American businesswomen
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American women scientists
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
Henry Crown Fellows
Year of birth missing (living people)
DeepMind people
AI safety advocates
Verner Scarlett 7H. The Verner Scarlett 7H is a Czech aircraft radial engine, designed and produced by Verner Motor of Šumperk for use in ultralight and homebuilt aircraft.

By April 2018 the engine was no longer advertised on the company website and seems to be out of production.

Design and development
The engine is a four-stroke, seven-cylinder radial,  displacement, air-cooled, direct-drive, gasoline engine design. It employs electronic ignition and produces  at 2300 rpm, with a compression ratio of 7.3:1.

Specifications (Scarlett 7H)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org 

Verner aircraft engines
2010s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Nathan Amanquah. Nathan Amanquah (born 1973) is an engineer, a Web developer and educator who is currently the acting dean of engineering at Ashesi University. He was the acting dean of academic affairs at Ashesi University in 2010 when he filled in for Nana Araba Apt in her absence. Before he joined Ashesi University as an assistant professor in 2004, he worked as a systems analyst at The Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company Limited (BOST) Ghana, a communications engineer at SSB Bank, Ghana, and electronics instructor at Accra Polytechnic. Amanquah has contributed massively to the design and development of the computer science and engineering programs at Ashesi University. Amanquah together with G. Ayorkor Mills-Tettey and two others in collaboration with a visiting professor from  Carnegie Mellon University, Institute of Robotics, designed and taught the first introductory robotics course in Ghana at Ashesi University during summer 2006. He holds membership with Institution of Electronic & Electrical Engineers (IEEE), Ghana Institution of Engineers (GhIE) and a current Ghana board member for  Worldreader Organization. Amanquah and Selasi Agbemenu organized the first-ever African Workshop on Emerging Trends in Circuits and Systems (WETCaS) IEEE at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana in November 2017.

References

1973 births
Living people
Academic staff of Ashesi University
Accra Technical University alumni
VIJA J-10Si. The VIJA J-10Si is a French aircraft engine, designed and produced by VIJA Aircraft Engines of Toulouse for use in ultralight and homebuilt aircraft.

The company was founded in 2004 and went out of business in about 2015, ending production.

Design and development
The engine is a four-cylinder four-stroke, in-line,  displacement, 16 valve, air-cooled, fuel injected motorcycle conversion, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 2.55:1. It employs electronic ignition and produces  at 6600 rpm, with a compression ratio of 10.5.

Variants
J-10Si
Base model with a weight of .
J-10Sbi
Model with a weight of .

Specifications (J-10Si)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

VIJA aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
2000s aircraft piston engines
VIJA AG-12Si. The VIJA AG-12Si is a French aircraft engine, designed and produced by VIJA Aircraft Engines of Toulouse for use in ultralight and homebuilt aircraft.

The company was founded in 2004 and went out of business in about 2015, ending production.

Design and development
The engine is a four-cylinder four-stroke, in-line,  displacement, 16 valve, air-cooled, fuel injected motorcycle conversion, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 2.55:1. It employs electronic ignition and produces  at 7100 rpm, with a compression ratio of 11.5.

Variants
AG-12Si
Base model with a weight of .
AG-12Sbi
Model with a weight of .

Specifications (AG-12Si)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

VIJA aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
2000s aircraft piston engines
VIJA J-16Ti. The VIJA J-16Ti is a French aircraft engine, designed and produced by VIJA Aircraft Engines of Toulouse for use in ultralight and homebuilt aircraft.

The company was founded in 2004 and went out of business in about 2015, ending production.

Design and development
The engine is a turbocharged, four-cylinder four-stroke, in-line,  displacement, 16 valve, air-cooled, fuel injected motorcycle conversion, petrol engine design, with a mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 2.55:1. It employs electronic ignition and produces  at 7000 rpm.

Specifications (J-16Ti)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

VIJA aircraft engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
2010s aircraft piston engines
Hwung Hwung-hweng. Hwung Hwung-hweng (; 10 November 1946 – 26 July 2019) was a Taiwanese hydraulic engineer, university president, and political administrator.

Academic career
Hwung was born in 1946. He received a bachelor's degree from National Cheng Kung University in 1970, and completed his graduate education at the same institution, earning a doctorate in 1981. Upon graduation, Hwung joined the NCKU faculty, and was eventually named senior executive vice president. He was named NCKU president in October 2010, and formally assumed office in February 2011, succeeding Michael M. C. Lai. Hwung also took Lai's position on the Southeast and South Asia and Taiwan Universities Presidents’ Forum. Hwung supported a proposal for Taiwanese universities to accept more Chinese students, as long as admissions standards were not compromised. In January 2014, Hwung wrote an open letter advising against the renaming of a campus plaza to South Banyan Square, citing laws on educational neutrality, as the given name of activist Cheng Nan-jung had political connotations.  University students led a demonstration on campus to protest his remarks. Hwung stepped down from the NCKU presidency and was replaced by . He continued teaching at the university and in May 2015, spoke out regarding the need for the government to develop better water management policies.

Political career
He was named chairman of the Aviation Safety Council in December 2015. In this position, he oversaw an investigation into the causes of aviation incidents and undertook additional safety research. He backed calls for an agency independent of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications to probe all transportation incidents. In January 2018, Hwung stated that the government should establish a maritime agency to handle Taiwan's exclusive economic zone. The Ocean Affairs Council began operations in April, with Hwung as founding chairman.

Death
Hwung died at National Cheng Kung University Hospital on 26 July 2019, aged 72.

References

1946 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Taiwanese engineers
National Cheng Kung University alumni
Academic staff of the National Cheng Kung University
Hydraulic engineers
21st-century engineers
Presidents of universities and colleges in Taiwan
21st-century Taiwanese politicians
Government ministers of Taiwan
Methylphosphinic acid. Methylphosphinic acid is a monobasic acid, the simplest of the phosphinic acids. A central phosphorus atom is connected to a hydroxy group, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group and an oxygen. Derivatives of methylphosphinic acid can have the phosphorus connected hydrogen atom replaced by other organic groups. In early days what is now called methylphosphonic acid was also called methylphosphinic acid.

Production
Methylphosphinic acid can be produced by the hydrolysis of dimethyl methylphosphonate, which is conveniently obtained from trimethylphosphite.

Hydrolysis of methyldichlorophosphine yields methylphosphinic acid, 

Methylphosphinic acid is a common byproduct of the hydrolysis of various CH3P-containing esters and amides, as occur in pesticides for example.

Properties
Rat oral  value for methylphosphinic acid is 940 mg/kg.

Derivatives
(1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid TPMPA
N-methylaminomethane-P-methylphosphinic acid or N-methylamino-methyl-methylphosphinic acid
Ethane-1,2-diylbis(methylphosphinic acid)
(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)methylphosphinic acid
Methylphosphinic acid ethyl ester  (CAS number 16391-07-4)
dimethylphosphoryloxy-methylphosphinic acid
 N,N-dimethylaminomethane-P-methylphosphinic acid
(Aminomethyl)methylphosphinic acid 15901-11-8
(2-aminobenzyl)-methylphosphinic acid
(6-amino-3-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium-2-yl)-methylphosphinic acid
[(2S,3S)-3-(methoxymethyl)pentan-2-yl]oxy-methylphosphinic acid
(3-Aminocyclopentyl)methylphosphinic acid
methylene-di(methylphosphinic acid)

References

Phosphinic acids
Organic compounds with 1 carbon atom
El-76. El-76 () is a high-level programming language developed in 1972–1973. The language was created for the Elbrus computer. Participants in the creation of the language were: Boris Babayan, V. M. Pentkovskii, S. V. Semenikhin, S. V. Veretennikov, V. Y. Volkonsky, S. M. Zotov, A. I. Ivanov, Y. S. Rumyantsev, V. P. Torchigin, M. I. Kharitonov, and V. S. Shevekov.

Эль-76 was developed  at the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering of the USSR Academy of Sciences.  Its syntax was based on Russian language.

Program sample
The sample below is a program of Hello World kind.

    процедура передатьпривет = проц(ф32 числоприветов)
    начало
      если числоприветов = 0 то
        печатьмс(стр8 "МИР не получил ни одного привета!")
      инес числоприветов = 1 то
        печатьмс(стр8 "В МИР был отправлен всего один привет!")
      иначе
        печатьмс(стр8 "МИРУ передали несколько приветов. А если точно, то их было");
        печать(числоприветов)
      все
    конец;
    
    печатьмс(стр8 "Привет просто так!"); % такой привет мартышка точно не потеряет
    печатькс();                          % разрыв строки
    передатьпривет(100)                  % привет из процедуры
  конец

Output:
 Привет просто так!
 МИРУ передали несколько приветов. А если точно, то их было 100

References

Programming languages created in 1972
Natural language and computing
Non-English-based programming languages
Computing in the Soviet Union
Frank Der Yuen. Frank Der Yuen (February 20, 1912 – September 17, 1984) was an American aeronautical engineer who resided in Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii. He was the inventor of the jet bridge (passenger boarding bridge), among other inventions.  He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1933.

Recognition
In his recognition, the Frank Der Yuen Aviation Scholarship is awarded by the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor.

References

1912 births
1984 deaths
Aeronautical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Engineers from Hawaii
20th-century American engineers
Ahmadu Musa Kida. Ahmadu Musa Kida is a Nigerian engineer and former basketball player. He  hails from Borno State in Nigeria . He is the Deputy Managing Director, Deep Water Services, of Total Nigeria, and he is also the president of the Nigerian Basketball Federation.

Education
Kida received his degree in civil engineering from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, in 1984. He obtained a postgraduate diploma in petroleum engineering from the Institut Francaise du Petrol (IFP) in Paris.

Career
Kida started his career as a professional at ELF Petroleum Nigeria as a trainee engineer and materials coordinator. Mr Musa joined Total Exploration & Production Nigeria in 1985 and has over 32 years’ experience in the Oil and Gas industry. Mr Musa was appointed the Deputy Managing Director of TEPNG Deepwater District as well as on the Board member of Total Upstream Companies in Nigeria on August 1, 2015.

Kida became a member of the Total E&P Nigeria board in 2014 as executive director for the Port Harcourt district.

In August 2015, Kida was appointed as the deputy managing director of the Deepwater district in Lagos.

In 2024, Kida became Independent Non-Executive Director at Pan Ocean-Newcross Group.

Membership 
Mr Musa attended several professional courses that includes the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School both in the USA.

He is a member of Society of Petroleum Engineers International, a chartered Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) as well as a registered Member of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN).

Mr Musa plays Basketball and is the current President of the Board of Nigerian Basketball Federation (NBBF)

Nigerian Basketball Federation
Kida was elected president of the Nigerian Basketball Federation (NBBF) in June 2017.

Personal life
Kida is married and has four children.

References

Nigerian engineers
Nigerian men's basketball players
Ahmadu Bello University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wankel AG LCR - 407 SGti. The Wankel AG LCR - 407 SGti is a German Wankel aircraft engine, designed and produced by Wankel AG of Kirchberg, Saxony for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The LCR - 407 SGti engine is a single-rotor four-stroke,  displacement, liquid-cooled, fuel injected, petrol, Wankel engine design, with a toothed poly V belt reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 3:1. It employs dual electronic ignition and produces  at 6000 rpm.

Specifications (LCR - 407 SGti)

See also

References

External links

Wankel AG aircraft engines
Pistonless rotary engine
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation is a peer reviewed, scientific open access journal that publishes original and review articles in all areas of antennas and propagation. The editor-in-chief is Slawomir Koziel.

Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed by the following services
  
Academic Onefile
Aerospace and High Technology Database
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
Current Contents - Engineering, Computing and Technology
EBSCO
Ei Compendex
INSPEC
Science Citation Index
Scopus
Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.5.

References

Hindawi Publishing Corporation academic journals
Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Electromagnetism journals
Open access journals
English-language journals
Wankel AG LCR - 814 TGti. The Wankel AG LCR - 814 TGti is a German Wankel aircraft engine, designed and produced by Wankel AG of Kirchberg, Saxony for use in ultralight aircraft.

Design and development
The LCR - 814 TGti engine is a twin-rotor four-stroke,  displacement, liquid-cooled, fuel injected, petrol, Wankel engine design, with a toothed poly V belt reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 3:1. It employs dual electronic ignition and produces  at 6000 rpm.

Specifications (LCR - 814 TGti)

See also

References

External links

Wankel AG aircraft engines
Pistonless rotary engine