omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Tactical Fighter. The Enhanced Tactical Fighter (ETF) was a strike fighter/interdictor program conducted by the United States Air Force (USAF) between 1980 and 1984, to seek replacements for the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark.  It resulted in the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle.

Competition

In March 1981, the USAF announced the Enhanced Tactical Fighter program to procure a replacement for the F-111 Aardvark. The program was later renamed the Dual-Role Fighter (DRF) competition. The concept envisioned an aircraft capable of launching deep air interdiction missions without requiring additional support by fighter escort or jamming.

General Dynamics submitted the F-16XL, while McDonnell Douglas submitted the F-15E Strike Eagle. The Panavia Tornado was also a candidate, but since the aircraft lacked a credible air superiority fighter capability, coupled with the fact that it is not American-made, it was not seriously considered. The DRF evaluation team, under the direction of Brigadier General Ronald W. Yates, ran from 1981 through 30 April 1983.

Though the two aircraft were competing for the same role, they were fairly different in design approach. The twin-engine F-15E Strike Eagle is basically an F-15D Eagle two-seat trainer with the back-seat station modified to support ground-attack instruments. The single-engine F-16XL has major structural and aerodynamic differences from the original F-16 Fighting Falcon, resulting in a promising design which, with its radically redesigned cranked-delta wing, greatly boosted performance; if selected, the single- and two-seat versions were to be designated F-16E and F-16F, respectively. As such, the XL would have required much more effort, time and money to put into full production. Additionally, the Strike Eagle has two engines, which gives it more thrust and capacity to carry more weapons and/or armor. Furthermore, engine redundancy can be very useful for an aircraft whose mission involves operating within the reach of anti-aircraft artillery and surface-to-air missiles, in addition to the standard threats of fighter aircraft and interceptors.

On 24 February 1984, the USAF chose the F-15E; key factors in the decision were the F-15E's lower development costs compared to the F-16XL (US$270 million versus US$470 million), a belief that the F-15E had future growth potential, and possessing twin-engine redundancy. The USAF was initially expected to procure 400 aircraft, a figure later revised to 392. The two F-16XLs were returned to the USAF and placed in storage at Edwards Air Force Base, Mojave, California.

References

Military aircraft procurement programs of the United States
Garrett ATF3. The Garrett ATF3 (US military designation F104) is a  3-spool turbofan engine developed at the California division of Garrett AiResearch. Due to mergers it is currently supported by Honeywell Aerospace. The engine's design is unusual; the core flow path is reversed twice. Aft of the fan, the axial compressor has five stages, after which the gas path progresses to the aft end of the engine. There, it is reversed to flow through a centrifugal compressor stage, the combustors and then the turbine stages. Beyond this, the flow is then reversed again to exit through the fan bypass duct. All engine accessories are mounted on the aft end of the engine under an engine tail-cone.

Design and development

The ATF3 was first flown in the Teledyne Ryan YQM-98 Compass Cope R high altitude UAV, as the YF104-GA-100. The engine proved to have a very low infrared signature, as the hot turbine was not externally visible and the core exhaust mixed with the bypass air before exiting the engine. The pilots of U-2 high altitude chase planes reported being unable pick up the YQM-98A with either radar or IR sensors. It was later used in the Northrop Tacit Blue stealth demonstrator because of these characteristics.

The most significant application of the engine was on the Dassault HU-25 Guardian, developed for the US Coast Guard. It was also used on the Dassault Falcon 20G and Dassault Falcon 200.

The ATF3 was "selected by North American Rockwell for its new Series 60 Sabreliner business jet. . . . [H]owever, the ATF3 developed engineering and production problems. Delivery schedules were not met. North American Rockwell brought a $60 million suit against Garrett. . . . The suit was settled out of court for less than $5 million cash. The engine was ultimately selected for a version of the Dassault Falcon ordered by the U.S. Coast Guard for offshore surveillance."

Applications
 Dassault Falcon 20G
 Dassault Falcon 200
 Dassault HU-25 Guardian
 Northrop Tacit Blue
 Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern (Compass Cope R)

Specifications (ATF3/F104-GA-100)

See also

Citations

References

External links
 Honeywell Aerospace ATF3 page

Medium-bypass turbofan engines
Honeywell
1960s turbofan engines
Three-spool turbofan engines
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern. The Ryan YQM-98 R-Tern (also called Compass Cope R) was a developmental aerial reconnaissance drone developed by Ryan Aeronautical. It could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft, and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform surveillance, communications relay, or atmospheric sampling.

Design and development
"Compass Cope" was a program initiated by the United States Air Force (USAF) in 1971 to develop an upgraded reconnaissance drone that could take off and land from a runway like a manned aircraft, and operate at high altitudes for up to 24 hours to perform surveillance, communications relay, or atmospheric sampling. Two aircraft, the Boeing YQM-94 Compass Cope B, and the Ryan Aeronautical YQM-98A Compass Cope R participated in the program.

Boeing was originally selected as a sole source for the Compass Cope program, with the USAF awarding the company a contract for two YQM-94A (later YGQM-94A) demonstrator vehicles in 1971. However, Ryan then pitched an alternative, and the next year the USAF awarded Ryan a contract for two YQM-98A (later YGQM-98A) demonstrators as well.

Ryan's entry into the competition was the Model 235, an updated variant of the Model 154 / AQM-91 Firefly. The YQM-98A's general configuration was similar to that of the Boeing Compass Cope B, resembling a jet sailplane with a twin-fin tail, retractable tricycle landing gear, and an engine in a pod on its back. The engine was a Garrett YF104-GA-100 turbofan, with 4,050 pound-force (18.0 kN) thrust. The Compass Cope R had a clear resemblance to the Model 154, though its wings were straight instead of swept.

Initial flight of the first Compass Cope R demonstrator was on 17 August 1974. However, the Boeing Compass Cope B won the competition in August 1976 on the basis of lower cost, with the company awarded a contract to build preproduction prototypes of the YQM-94B operational UAV.

Since the evaluation of the Compass Cope prototypes had shown the Ryan YQM-98 to be superior to the Boeing YQM-94 in some respects, Ryan challenged the award. It did no good, since the entire Compass Cope program was cancelled in July 1977, apparently because of difficulties in developing sensor payloads for the aircraft.

Specifications (Compass Cope R) (performance estimated)

See also

References

Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1976. .
This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.

External links

Boeing YQM-94A Compass Cope B – National Museum of the United States Air Force
Teledyne Ryan GQM-98 R-Tern

1970s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
YQM-98
Aircraft first flown in 1974
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
ROSE (compiler framework). The ROSE compiler framework, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), is an open-source software compiler infrastructure to generate source-to-source analyzers and translators for multiple source languages including C (C89, C99, Unified Parallel C (UPC)), C++ (C++98, C++11), Fortran (77, 95, 2003), OpenMP, Java, Python, and PHP.

It also supports certain binary files, and auto-parallelizing compilers by generating source code annotated with OpenMP directives. Unlike most other research compilers, ROSE is aimed at enabling non-experts to leverage compiler technologies to build their own custom software analyzers and optimizers.

The infrastructure
ROSE consists of multiple front-ends, a midend operating on its internal intermediate representation (IR), and backends regenerating (unparse) source code from IR. Optionally, vendor compilers can be used to compile the unparsed source code into final executables.

To parse C and C++ applications, ROSE uses the Edison Design Group's C++ front-end. Fortran support, including F2003 and earlier 1977, 1990, and 1995 versions, is based on the Open Fortran Parser (OFP) developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

The ROSE IR consists of an abstract syntax tree, symbol tables, control flow graph, etc. It is an object-oriented IR with several levels of interfaces for quickly building source-to-source translators. All information from the input source code is carefully preserved in the ROSE IR, including C preprocessor control structure, source comments, source position information, and C++ template information, e.g., template arguments.

ROSE is released under a BSD-style license. It targets Linux and OS X on both IA-32 and x86-64 platforms. Its Edison Design Group (EDG) parts are proprietary and distributed in binary form. Source files of the EDG parts can be obtained if users have a commercial or research license from EDG.

Award
The ROSE compiler infrastructure received one of the 2009 R&D 100 Awards. The R&D 100 Awards are presented annually by R&D Magazine to recognize the 100 most significant proven research and development advances introduced over the past year. An independent expert panel selects the winners.

See also
 DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit a source-to-source compiler framework using explicit pattern-directed rewrite rules that handles Fortran and C++

References

External links

 
 Development site
 

Compilers
C (programming language) compilers
C++ compilers
Fortran compilers
Free and open source compilers
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Source-to-source compilers
Software using the BSD license
MV Red Falcon. MV Red Falcon is a vehicle and passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel from Southampton to East Cowes on the Isle of Wight. It was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow.

She entered service in 1994, being bought new by Red Funnel along with sister ship Red Osprey and as such, has operated the same regular route throughout her life. Between January and March 2004 she underwent modifications by Remontowa in Gdańsk, Poland to increase vehicle capacity by 80 and allow a greater passenger capacity. This involved the lengthening of the ship by .

2014 refit

From February to April 2014, Red Falcon was in a drydock at Portsmouth for a major refit costing over £2 million. The refit provided an extra level of passenger accommodation with 55% more seating. The environmental footprint of the vessel was also reduced by installing LED lighting, and recycling facilities. A pair of webcams on top of the ship's bridge were also replaced, and provide footage of the ferry's journey.

Incidents
On 10 March 2006, Red Falcon collided with the linkspan in Southampton, causing significant damage to the ferry's 'Southampton Side' bow doors. Vehicles, including an ambulance carrying a patient (evacuated by dinghy) had to remain onboard for over eight hours while engineers forced the door open.

On 29 September 2018 she collided with a  motor yacht while approaching East Cowes, injuring two people on the yacht but sustaining no damage herself. Both vessels were travelling from Southampton to Cowes.

On 21 October 2018, she collided with several yachts, sinking one named Greylag, and ran aground on the Isle of Wight while trying to berth at East Cowes. A search and rescue mission was started after people nearby heard 'voices from the water', but this was called off after the voices were attributed to people on a nearby boat calling to the lifeboats in attendance. Heavy fog hampered the search and a helicopter searching the area had to turn back due to low visibility. Lifeboats from Cowes and Calshot were in attendance. Red Falcon was refloated with the assistance of tugs and docked in East Cowes. There were no reported injuries. Greylag, the yacht sunk by Red Falcon, was successfully raised and recovered on 23 October 2018.

References

External links

Ferries of England
Ferry transport on the Isle of Wight
1994 ships
Ships of Red Funnel
Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions (SSM) are periods of non-continuous operation in refineries, chemical plants or similar industrial facilities.  During such temporary periods, these plants might emit larger amounts of pollution, and therefore the pollution abatement equipment may be unable to effectively control it.

Recognizing this problem, beginning in 1994 the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allowed such facilities to release large amounts of otherwise prohibited air pollution during SSM.  However, in 2002 and again in 2003 the EPA made regulatory revisions which seemed to increase the allowable periods of such non-compliance periods, which motivated a coalition of environmental groups to challenge the changes, by suing the EPA. These groups argued that these changes effectively neutralized the United States Clean Air Act.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia issued a ruling on the lawsuit (19 December 2008), finding that allowing such SSM exemptions does violate requirements of the Clean Air Act, in that the CAA requires that some reasonable limit on a facility's emissions of hazardous air pollutants must always be in effect.

The American Chemistry Council, a trade association of industrial and chemical manufacturing companies, joined the EPA in the court's defense actions.

An EPA spokesman said in late December 2008 that the agency is studying the decision to determine an appropriate course of action.

References

Hazardous air pollutants
Yarwil. Yarwil AS is a joint venture between Yara International and Wilhelmsen Maritime Services. The Norwegian registered company provides systems for the reduction of NOx emissions from ship engines.

Its technology is based on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method using urea, as a reactant.

The company was established as a reaction to the increased focus by the global community on emissions to air from the maritime industry. New IMO regulations, MEPC 58, are in place, which demand a reduction in NOx emissions from ships globally of 20% by 2011 and 80% by 2016.

Yarwil was registered on 22 August 2007 and has its headquarters at Lysaker just outside Oslo in Norway.

On 21 October 2013, a press release was issued by Yara International stating they had acquired full ownership of Yarwil and that the company would become part of their NOxCare initiative as of 1 January 2014.

References

External links
Acticle about Yarwil in Emissions Worldview
Article about Yarwil by Lloyd's List
Article on NOx reduction by Bellona
NOxCare.com

Technology companies of Norway
Companies based in Bærum
New Typesetting System. In digital typography, the New Typesetting System (NTS) is a discontinued reimplementation of the typesetting system TeX in Java. The specific aims of the project were to continue the tradition of Donald Knuth's TeX by providing a first-class typesetting software which is both portable and available free of charge. But whereas TeX is now frozen due to maximum stability, NTS was intended to remain flexible and extensible.

NTS is written in Java. It is alpha software (released in 2000) and it is capable of generating DVI.

History
The NTS project was inaugurated under the auspices of Dante e.V. (Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX) in 1992. Coding began in 1998, following donations totalling 30 000 DM, and was funded through to completion. Joachim Lammarsch, Rainer Schöpf, Joachim Schrod, Bernd Raichle, Karel Skoupý, Jiří Zlatuška, Philip Taylor, Peter Breitenlohner, Friedhelm Sowa and Hans Hagen, amongst others, have all been involved in this project, though not all were involved at the outset, and not all remained involved through to its completion.

The objective of the project was to re-implement TeX in a 100%-compatible way. The final product of the project is "trip-test" compatible, and demonstrates that a re-implementation is feasible. However, for several reasons it was decided not to pursue the project any further.  First of all, NTS is too slow to be used for production purposes, which does not motivate users to switch to this engine. Furthermore, the by-then standard extensions such as e-TeX were not included in the code. Also, in order to be useful today, PDF output as well as pdfTeX-specific extensions need to be implemented. Finally, by being 100%-compatible with TeX, the sub-processes of NTS are rather interwoven (due to the nature of traditional TeX), which thereby makes the task of adding extensions less simple than had been envisaged.

In December 2002, a group of people started a reimplementation of TeX project based on NTS: the ExTeX project. ExTeX is a merger of NTS with eTeX, pdfTeX and Omega and has never left pre-alpha state. Aleph is also a merge of eTeX and Omega with, and since LuaTeX integrates most of the functionally provided by Aleph with pdfTeX, it can be considered a realization of NTS and ExTeX ideas.

XeTeX provides similar functionality, but in a different way.

References

External links
 NTS on TUG
 
 Code of release 1.0 beta of NTS at Dante.de.
 
 

Digital typography
Free TeX software
TeX
Typesetting
Eng-Tips Forums. Eng-Tips Forums is an English-language knowledge market website that allows users to post engineering-related questions to be answered and answer questions asked by other users. The targeted audience of Eng-Tips is engineering professionals.

The website's content is primarily composed of engineering forums. All of the content is generated by the users of the website. The forums' subjects include several areas of engineering, including aerospace, structural, and mechanical. Users of the website have the option of marking a post as helpful, flagging it as inappropriate, or doing nothing with the post. Marking a post as helpful gives stars to the person creating the post. The website is designed for professional engineers and discourages students from posting homework questions.

Members of the website have the option of remaining anonymous. Users who wish to receive e-mail notification of new posts are given the option of adding their e-mail address to the website.

Eng-Tips was started in 1997 by the Tecumseh Group. In 2015 Eng-Tips was acquired by Engineering.com, Inc.  It earns money by selling advertising on the website and by e-mailing targeted advertisements to its members. Eng-Tips has about 1,000,000 members. 

References

External links
 Official website

Collaboration
Knowledge markets
Social information processing
Internet properties established in 1997
Engineering organizations
Koli Airfield. Koli Airfield (also known as Bomber 3 Field) is a former World War II airfield on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands in the South Pacific, located near Koli Point, eight miles east of Henderson Field, close to the Metapona River to the east and the Naumbu River to the west. The airfield was abandoned after the war and today is almost totally returned to its natural state.

History
This airfield was built for B-24 Liberator heavy bomber operations, primarily by the Thirteenth Air Force. The single strip ran approximately NE to SW (parallel to Carney Airfield) and had several taxiways off both sides. Surfaced by bitumen with metal, Marsden Matting-like material for heavy aircraft and was completed in the middle of 1943.

Units assigned were:
 42d Bombardment Group, 6 June-20 October 1943
 307th Bombardment Group, February 1943-28 January 1944

Disused since the war. Bomber 3 strip was used for drying Copra at the nearby plantation, and parts of the airfield are used as a road.

See also
Carney Airfield
Kukum Field
USAAF in the South Pacific

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
 www.pacificwrecks.com

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
Peopleware. Peopleware can refer to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware systems, including such issues as developer productivity, teamwork, group dynamics, the psychology of programming, project management, organizational factors, human interface design and human–machine interaction.

Overview 
The concept of peopleware in the software community covers a variety of aspects:
 Development of productive persons
 Organizational culture
 Organizational learning
 Development of productive teams, and	
 Modeling of human competencies.

History 
The neologism, first used by Peter G. Neumann in 1977 and independently coined by Meilir Page-Jones in 1980, was popularized in the 1987 book Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams by Tom DeMarco and Timothy Lister.

The term Peopleware also became the title and subject matter of a long-running series of columns by Larry Constantine in Software Development magazine, later compiled in book form.

References

Information technology consulting
Software project management
Gulfstream Peregrine. The Gulfstream Aerospace Peregrine was a single-engine business jet prototype aircraft developed in the United States by Gulfstream Aerospace in the early 1980s. It was developed from the company's Hustler business aircraft and the company's military trainer aircraft, the Peregrine 600.

Design and development

The Peregrine was originally known as the Commander Fanjet 1500, and as such it flew for the first time on 14 January 1983. After the cancellation of the Peregrine 600, the Fanjet 1500 was renamed Peregrine. The Hustler's forward fuselage design (with a new nose) was used for the Peregrine, while the Peregrine 600's wings, tail and rear fuselage were incorporated into the new type. In 1984 Gulfstream Aerospace announced that it would go ahead with production after receiving 27 orders with paid deposits. However Gulfstream's inability to produce a design that met regulatory requirements (especially the requirement then in force - since rescinded - that single-engine aircraft have a maximum stalling speed of 61 knots), combined with insufficient orders, resulted in the program being terminated in 1985. The prototype airframe N84GP is on display in the aviation wing of the Science Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Specifications (proposed production version)

See also

References

Peregrine
1980s United States business aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects of the United States
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1983