omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Telecommunications equipment. Telecommunications equipment (also telecoms equipment or communications equipment) is a type of hardware which is used for the purposes of telecommunications. Since the 1990s the boundary between telecoms equipment and IT hardware has become blurred as a result of the growth of the internet and its increasing role in the transfer of telecoms data.

Types
Telecommunications equipment can be broadly broken down into the following categories:

Public switching equipment
Analogue switches
Digital switches
Voice over IP switches
Virtual reality (VR)
Transmission equipment
Transmission lines
Optical fiber
Local loops
Base transceiver stations
Free-space optical communication
Laser communication in space
Multiplexers
Communications satellites
Customer premises equipment (CPE)
Customer office terminal
Private switches
Local area networks (LANs)
Modems
Mobile phones
Landline telephones
Answering machines
Teleprinters
Fax machines
Pagers
Routers
Wireless devices

Semiconductors
Most of the essential elements of modern telecommunication are built from MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including mobile devices, transceivers, base station modules, routers, RF power amplifiers, microprocessors, memory chips, and telecommunication circuits. As of 2005, telecommunications equipment account for 16.5% of the annual microprocessor market.

Vendors
The world's largest telecommunications equipment vendors by revenues in 2017 are:

See also
Networking hardware
List of networking hardware vendors
List of telephone switches
Network equipment provider

References
Convair Model 118. The Convair Model 118 ConvAirCar (also known as the Hall Flying Automobile) was a prototype flying car of which two were built. Intended for mainstream consumers, two prototypes were built and flown. The first prototype was lost in an accident due to fuel exhaustion. Subsequently, the second prototype was rebuilt from the damaged aircraft and flown.  By that time, little enthusiasm remained for the project and the program ended shortly thereafter.

Design and development
Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (later Convair) was seeking entry into the post-war aviation boom with a mainstream flying car. Theodore P. "Ted" Hall had studied the concept of a flying car before World War II, with Consolidated unsuccessfully proposing the idea for use in commando-type raids. Following the end of the war, Hall and Tommy Thompson designed and developed the Convair Model 116 Flying Car, featured in Popular Mechanics magazine in 1946, which consisted of a two-seat car body, powered by a rear-mounted  engine, with detachable monoplane wings and tail, fitted with their own tractor configuration  Franklin 4A4 engine driving a two-bladed wooden propeller. This flew on July 12, 1946, completing 66 test flights.
				
Hall subsequently designed a more sophisticated development of the Model 116, with a more refined car body and a more powerful "flight" engine. A  Crosley engine was in the rear, powering the plastic-bodied four-seat car and a  Lycoming O-435C was used for the powerplant of the aircraft.  A lofty production target of 160,000 was planned, with a projected $1,500 price tag. Convair anticipated that the Model 118 would be purchased in large numbers to be rented at airports.

Operational history
Test pilot Reuben Snodgrass flew the prototype, registration No. NX90850, for the first time on November 15, 1947. On November 18, 1947, while on a one-hour demonstration flight, it made a low fuel forced landing near San Diego, California, destroying the car body and damaging the wing.  The pilot, who escaped with minor injuries, reportedly took off with little or no aviation fuel aboard.  Although the fuel gauge he had visually checked during the pre-flight check indicated that the tank was full, it was the automobile's fuel gauge, not the aircraft's gauge. Using the same wing and another car body, the second prototype flew again on January 29, 1948, piloted by W.G. Griswold, but enthusiasm for the project waned and Convair cancelled the program. The rights reverted to Hall, who formed T.R Hall Engineering Corp., but the Model 118 in its new incarnation never achieved production status.

Specifications (Model 118)

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Wegg, John. General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1990. .
 Yenne, Bill. The World's Worst Aircraft. New York: Dorset Press, 1993. .

External links

 Flights of Fantasy

Roadable aircraft
118
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear
Convair Model 116. The Boeing Model 116 ConvAirCar was a prototype roadable aircraft that was intended to exploit the post-war aviation market. The vehicle was further developed into the Convair Model 118, but neither type achieved production status.

Design and development
Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (later Convair) like many other manufacturers, had anticipated the post-war aviation boom would require a commercially viable product.  Aircraft engineer and designer Theodore P. "Ted" Hall who had studied the concept of a flying car before World War II, with Consolidated, had unsuccessfully proposed the idea for use in commando-type raids.

Following the end of the War, Hall and Tommy Thompson designed and developed the Convair Model 116 featured in Popular Mechanics magazine in 1946. The Model 116 consisted of a two-seat car body, powered by a rear-mounted 26 hp (19 kW) engine, with detachable monoplane wings and tail boom, fitted with their own tractor configuration 90 hp (67 kW) Franklin 4A4  (later 95 hp 4AL) engine driving a two bladed wooden propeller.

Operational history
The Model 116 (NX90654) flew on July 12, 1946, with pilot Russell Rogers at the controls. The sole prototype completed 66 test flights. Hall subsequently designed a more sophisticated development of the Model 116, with a more refined car body and a more powerful "flight" engine known as the Model 118 (which also bore the name "ConvAirCar"). Two examples of the Model 118 flew in 1947 and after a crash of the first prototype, the second continued with the test program, but enthusiasm for the project waned and Convair cancelled the program. The rights of both the Model 116/118 reverted to Hall, who formed T.R Hall Engineering Corp., but the definitive Model 118 in its new incarnation, never achieved production status.

Specifications (Model 116)

See also

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Wegg, John. General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam, 1990. .
 Yenne, Bill. The World's Worst Aircraft. New York: Dorset Press, 1993. .

External links

 Flights of Fantasy

Roadable aircraft
116
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1946
1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft with fixed quad landing gear
Iron oxychloride. Iron oxychloride is the inorganic compound with the formula FeOCl.  This purple solid adopts a layered  structure, akin to that of cadmium chloride.  The material slowly hydrolyses in moist air.  The solid intercalates electron donors such as tetrathiafulvalene and even pyridine to give mixed valence charge-transfer salts. Intercalation is accompanied by a marked increase in electrical conductivity and a color change to black.

Production
FeOCl is prepared by heating iron(III) oxide with ferric chloride at  over the course of several days: 
Fe2O3  +  FeCl3   →   3 FeOCl

Alternatively, FeOCl may be prepared by the thermal decomposition of FeCl3⋅6H2O at  over the course of one hour:
FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O  →    FeOCl  +  5 H2O + 2 HCl

References 

Chlorides
Iron(III) compounds
Metal halides
Oxychlorides
Shrink wrap (disambiguation). Shrink wrap is a polymer plastic film which shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering when heated, commonly used as an overwrap for packaging.

Shrink wrap may also refer to:
Shrinkwrap (contract law), a type of license agreement or other terms and conditions which can only be read and accepted by the consumer after opening the product
"Shrink Wrap", an episode of the sitcom The King of Queens
"Shrink Wrap", American TV series Dexter episode

See also
Shrink Rap (disambiguation)
Shrinkwrapped (disambiguation)
Plastic wrap
Stretch wrap
A440. A440 or A-440 may refer to:
 A440 (pitch standard)
 A440 highway (Australia), a road in Victoria, Australia
 Quebec Autoroute 440 (Laval)
 Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)

See also
 Apollo 440, an English band
 Airbus A400M, a military transport aircraft
 Archimedes 440, abbreviated to A440 - one of the Acorn Archimedes range of RISC computers
Liquid metal ion source. A liquid metal ion source (LMIS) is an ion source which uses metal that is heated to the liquid state and used to form an electrospray to form ions. An electrospray Taylor cone is formed by the application of a strong electric field and ions are produced by field evaporation at the sharp tip of the cone, which has a high electric field. Ions from a LMIS are used in ion implantation and in focused ion beam instruments. Typically gallium is preferred for its low melting point, low vapor pressure, its relatively unreactive nature, and because the gallium ion is sufficiently heavy for ion milling.

Development
The LMIS technique originated in the development of colloid thruster spacecraft propulsion systems. Research beginning in the early 1960s showed that liquid metal can generate large numbers of ions. By the early 1970s, these results spawned the development of LMIS ion microprobes. Initially, in the development of this technique, the liquid metal was supplied by a capillary tube. This method can be difficult to control at low emission currents. The technique of "blunt-needle" LMIS was discovered by accident in the early 1970s. For this method a thin-film of liquid metal is allowed to flow to the apex of a sharp needle.

Focused ion beam
Most focused ion beam instruments use a liquid-metal ion sources (LMIS) often with gallium. In a gallium LMIS, gallium metal is placed in contact with a tungsten needle and heated gallium wets the tungsten and flows to the tip of the needle where the opposing forces of surface tension and electric field produce the cusp shaped Taylor cone. The tip radius of this cone is ~2 nm. The electric field at this small tip is typically greater than 1 x 108 V/cm and causes ionization and field emission of the gallium atoms. The ions are then accelerated to an energy of 1–50 keV and focused onto the sample with electrostatic lenses. LMIS produces a high current density ion beam with a small energy spread and can deliver tens of nanoamperes of current to a sample with a spot size of a few nanometers.

References

Ion source
Upper Ganges Canal Expressway. Upper Ganges Canal Expressway, also known as Hindon Expressway, is a planned eight-lane  expressway. It is planned to stretch from Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh to Haridwar, Uttarakhand through Muzaffarnagar and Roorkee, in India.

See also
 Ganga Expressway

References

External links 
 Upper Ganga Canal Expressway at Maps of India (Last Updated on: September 05, 2019)
 Upper Ganga Canal Expressway Project News at The Times of India

Transport in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Transport in Haridwar
Proposed expressways in India
Expressways in Uttar Pradesh
Expressways in Uttarakhand
Proposed infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh
Proposed infrastructure in Uttarakhand
Hippolyte Fontaine. Hippolyte Fontaine (born François-Hypolite Fontaine, 12 April 1833 in Dijon – 17 February 1910 in Hyères) was a French electrical engineer who worked with Zénobe Gramme on the development of the Gramme machine (the first industrially viable electrical generator), and whose contributions were essential to the creation of the dynamo. He was the first to transmit electricity via electrical wires.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, Fontaine managed the production of cannons in Paris. Colleagues he met in this position recommended him to Zenobe Gramme, and in 1871, Fontaine was hired to administer the newly established Société des Machines magnéto-électriques Gramme, a corporation dedicated to the development of the Gramme machine. In this role, he accompanied Gramme to the Weltausstellung 1873 Wien, where he demonstrated the reversibility of the electrical generator and the transmission of electricity over a two-kilometre distance via copper wiring.

In 1881, he helped organize the Exposition internationale d'Électricité in Paris, which hosted the first international congress of electricians; in response, the French government inducted him into the Légion d'honneur.

He is buried in Cimetière du Montparnasse.

References

External links

Lycée Hippolyte Fontaine in Dijon

1833 births
1910 deaths
Engineers from Dijon
Arts et Métiers ParisTech alumni
Officers of the Legion of Honour
French electrical engineers
John Wall (inventor). John Wall (26 June 1932 – 27 January 2018) was an English design engineer, amateur astronomer, amateur telescope maker and member of the British Astronomical Association. He lived in Coventry, England.

Biography
Wall's aptitude for engineering won him an apprenticeship with Vickers Armstrong at the age of sixteen in the town of Crayford where he was born. He served in the army with the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers in early 1950s and there became interested in telescopes and astronomy. He went on to become a design engineer at Vickers and, while working there in 1969, came up with the idea for an accurate mechanically simple eyepiece mount for amateur telescopes,  the Crayford focuser.

He is also known for designing dialyte based refracting telescopes, coming up with the Zerochromat retrofocally corrected refractor, including a folded 30-inch f/12 version he built in 1999. This refracting telescope is the largest ever built by an individual and the eighth-largest refractor ever built.

Wall died on 27 January 2018.

Inventions

References

John Wall bio.
When Wall met Wise

External links
A New Refractor Concept: "The Wall Hypochromatic Refractor"
The John Wall 30-inch refractor. 
  The Crayford eyepiece mounting by John Wall - Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 81 (2), 118, February 1971 

1932 births
2018 deaths
English engineers
English inventors
People from Crayford
Zeppelin-Staaken R.XVI. The Zeppelin-Staaken R.XVI(Av) was a very large bomber (Riesenflugzeug), designed and built in Germany during 1918.

Development
The R.XVI, an incremental improvement to the Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI, was one of a series of large bombers called Riesenflugzeuge, intended to be less vulnerable than dirigibles in use at the time. The R.XVI had four engines in a push-pull configuration, mounted in nacelles large enough for some inflight maintenance by flight mechanics, housed in nacelles between the engines.

Three aircraft were ordered to be completed by Automobil & Aviatik A.G., at Leipzig-Heiterblick. Only two R.XVIs were completed and only one of these, (R.49), flew before the Armistice on 11 November 1918. The third R.XVI (R.51) was 3/4 complete at the Armistice but was never completed.

Operational history
Flight testing was carried out by R.49 during the war from September 1918, until a landing accident in October caused significant damage which was unlikely to have been repaired. The second aircraft, (R.50), was completed in 1919 as a civilian airliner, continuing the flight test programme until being flown to Döberitz for storage in November 1919.

Specifications (Zeppelin-Staaken R.XVI(Av))

Notes

References

A. K. Rohrbach, “Das 1000-PS Verkehrsflugzeug der Zeppelin-Werke, Staaken,” Zeitschrift für Flugtechnik und Motorluftschiffahrt, vol. 12, no. 1 (15 January 1921);
E. Offermann, W. G. Noack, and A. R. Weyl, Riesenflugzeuge, in: Handbuch der Flugzeugkunde (Richard Carl Schmidt & Co., 1927).
The German Giants by G.W. Haddow and Peter M. Grosz.

External links
 http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.film.f/f041a  A Zeppelin-Staaken R XIVa airplane lands in Aspern, 1919

Zeppelin-Staaken
1910s German bomber aircraft
Pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Unified Communications Interoperability Forum. The Unified Communications Interoperability Forum (UCIF) is a non-profit alliance between communications technology vendors.  It was announced on May 19, 2010, with the vision to maximize the interoperability of UC based on existing standards.  Founding members of UCIF were HP, Microsoft, Polycom, Logitech / LifeSize Communications, and Juniper Networks. On July 28, 2014, UCIF merged with International Multimedia Telecommunications Consortium (UMTC) into one consortium.

Unified communications 

Unified communications (UC) is the integration of real-time communication services such as instant messaging (chat), presence information, Telephony (including IP telephony), video conferencing, call control, and speech recognition with non real-time communication services such as unified messaging (integrated voicemail, e-mail, SMS, and fax). UC is not a single product, but a set of products that provides a consistent unified user interface and user experience across multiple devices and media types.

UC also refers to a trend to offer business process integration, i.e. to simplify and integrate all forms of communications in view to optimize business processes and reduce the response time, manage flows and eliminate device and media dependencies.

Members
The original founding members were HP, Juniper Networks, Logitech / LifeSize Communications, Microsoft, and Polycom. Other members were Acme Packet, Huawei, Aspect, AudioCodes, Broadcom, BroadSoft, Brocade Communications Systems, ClearOne, Jabra, Plantronics, RADVISION, Siemens Enterprise Communications, Teliris, Vidyo, and VOSS Solutions. At launch, news outlets drew attention to the absence of Cisco and Avaya from the member list, though UCIF has invited them to join as early members.

On July 28, 2014, UCIF merged with International Multimedia Telecommunications Consortium (IMTC) into one consortium.

See also

 Unified communications
 Telepresence
 Unified messaging
 List of unified communications companies

References

External links 
 UCIF Official website
 IMTC Official website

 
Human–computer interaction
Teleconferencing
Videotelephony
Organizations established in 2010
Organizations disestablished in 2014
Caterpillar 924G. Caterpillar 924G is a small size wheel loader manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. Introduced in the year 2000, it remained in production until 2008. It weighs up to  and is powered by a 6L  3056E engine. The Caterpillar 924G is the first loader in the nine-twenty-four series to feature the Versalink 1 piece boom, which offers greater strength and superior visibility for the operator compared to early designs. The 924G was replaced by the 924H in 2008.

References

924
Palladium(II) bromide. Palladium(II) bromide is an inorganic compound of palladium and bromine with the chemical formula PdBr2. It is a commercially available, although less common than palladium(II) chloride, the usual entry point to palladium complexes.   It is a diamagnetic solid.

Structure

As confirmed by X-ray crystallography, PdBr2 is a coordination polymer. It crystallises in the P21/c space group and the structure consists of wavy ribbons of edge-sharing PdBr4 coordination squares.

Reactions
Palladium(II) bromide is insoluble in water but dissolves when heated in acetonitrile to give monomeric acetonitrile adducts: 
 PdBr2 + 2 MeCN → PdBr2(MeCN)2
PdBr2 exhibits many of the properties of palladium chloride and palladium acetate, giving catalysts active for carbonylations and cross-coupling reactions.

References

Palladium compounds
Bromides
Platinum group halides
ALF (video game). is an action-adventure video game developed by Nexa and released by Sega for the Master System in 1989. It is based on the American television series ALF. Players attempt to control the title character as he attempts to locate parts with which to repair his spaceship, so he can meet up with his friends Skip and Rhonda on the planet Mars.

The game is the only home console game based on the ALF television show. Other ALF games have been released for various computer systems, including ALF: The First Adventure, the first ALF game. A couple of edutainment games based on the character were also released in later years: ALF's US Geography and ALF's Thinking Skills.

Gameplay
The player controls ALF, who must collect the necessary items and solve puzzles to repair ALF's spaceship.

The game features several locations through which players can roam freely: ALF's house, street, basement of the house, ALF's backyard and a pond in the backyard. The player must collect various objects to progress in the game: a stick of salami, which can be used to deal with the bats, scuba gear, allowing him to plunge to the bottom of the pond, and other objects. Items can be found as the game progresses and can also be purchased through the in-game store.

Some enemies in the game can be defeated, while others must be dodged, such as bats and street cyclists.

Development
The game was a side project for Kevin Seghetti, who at the time was under the employment for Nexa, then integrated with Spectrum Holobyte, who in turn changed their name to Sphere. Although Seghetti was not a fan of the ALF TV Show, he worked heavily on the game's engine. The quality of the code he wrote was an improvement over the Master System version of Monopoly. The artwork was done in Deluxe Paint and converted via a Amiga to become transferable character and map files.

In the later stages of development, ALF was lacking audio and the producer John Sauer did not have adequate game design experience. With only a maximum budget of $200, Sauer managed to find Randy Roseberry to compose the music and sound. With weeks of revision and cleaning up the game's code, the game was shipped by the end of 1989, overruling Sauer's objection due to the crude quality of the product.

References

External links

1989 video games
Master System games
Master System-only games
North America-exclusive video games
Sega video games
Single-player video games
Video games based on television series
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the 1980s
ALF (TV series)
Jiger (AATV). The Jiger was the first all-terrain vehicle (ATV). It was a six-wheeled amphibious ATV with differential steering via separate throttle control of its dual (left vs right) engines. The first Jigers were built-to-order beginning in 1961 by JGR Gunsport in Toronto and were mass-produced by Jiger Corporation beginning in 1965. Production of the Jiger ended in 1968 due to the financial weakness of the company, despite strong demand.  Around 3337 Jigers were built.

The twin two-cycle "Techumseh Power Products" engines were replaced by a single four-cycle "JLO" engine. The dual engine system presented several problems. The first was keeping two engines timed at the same rpm on straight-line travel, which often required course correction. Secondly, maintaining two engines. Two-cycle engines tend to foul plugs, which had to be replaced often. A dual clutch/brake system was used to tie the two sides to the single power source.
The changes greatly improved product operation and dependability.

The Jiger was the brainchild of Jack (Jacob) Rempel (a.k.a. John Gower), the founder of JGR Gunsport, and Swiss engineer Fred Rohrer.

The Jiger was produced in three models:
 Build A – Twin-engine Techumseh (29 confirmed units built)
 Model 152 - Single-engine JLO 152 (1867 confirmed units built)
 Model 197 - Single-engine JLO 197 (959 confirmed units built)
Confirmation is based on existing serial numbers. Many serial numbers are still unconfirmed, so the actual quantity is more than what is recorded here.

References

Wheeled amphibious vehicles
ATVs
Six-wheeled vehicles