omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Alan Jeffrey Giacomin. Alan Jeffrey Giacomin (born April 1, 1959, in Kingston, Ontario, Canada) is a professor of chemical engineering at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and cross-appointed in the Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, and of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy. He has been editor-in-chief of Physics of Fluids since 2016. He holds the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Rheology from the Canadian government's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. Since 2017, Giacomin has been President of the Canadian Society of Rheology.

Education
Giacomin graduated from St. Thomas High School (Quebec) in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. He later went to Queen's University and completed a B.Sc. Honours in chemical engineering in 1981. He then completed a M.Sc. in chemical engineering in 1983 at Queen's University. Following this, Giacomin joined Professor John Dealy's group at McGill University and completed a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1987.

Career
He has been a faculty member in Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, he directed the Rheology Research Center for 20 years. He has held visiting professorships in North America, Europe, and Asia at: Université de Sherbrooke, McGill University, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, École des Mines de Paris, the National University of Singapore, Chung Yuan University, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, University of Crete, Shandong University, Shanghai University, Peking University and King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok.

He has served The Society of Rheology as associate editor for business for the Journal of Rheology. In October 2016 he gave the keynote lecture for Rheology of Complex Fluids at the 66th Annual Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference. Giacomin holds Professional Engineer status in Wisconsin and Ontario.

Research
Professor Giacomin and his group have published on the rheology of polymeric liquids, and especially on their behaviours in large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow (LAOS) (see Self-assembly of nanoparticles). Specifically, Giacomin has explored the role of polymer orientation in LAOS.
Giacomin developed the conversions from standardized polymer durometer hardness to Young's modulus using linear elastic indentation mechanics.

Honours and awards
Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Rheology, 2014–present 
Honorary Associate Member of the Institute of Non-Newtonian fluid Mechanics in Wales
Member of the Fluid dynamics Division of the American Physical Society
Professor of the French Academy of Sciences 
Former president of The Society of Rheology  
Editor-in-chief, Physics of Fluids, 2016–present

References 

Rheologists
Canadian academic journal editors
Canada Research Chairs
Fluid dynamicists
Canadian chemical engineers
Canadian mechanical engineers
Canadian materials scientists
Living people
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
1959 births
Physics of Fluids editors
Presidents of the Society of Rheology
1,2-Butadiene. 1,2-Butadiene is the organic compound with the formula CH2=C=CHCH3.  It is an isomer of 1,3-butadiene, a common monomer used to make synthetic rubber.  It is a colorless flammable gas, one of the simplest substituted allenes.

Production
The C4-fraction obtained by cracking and separated by distillation consists of many compounds, predominantly (75%) 1,3-butadiene, isobutene, 1-butene. 1,2-Butadiene comprises less than 1% or this mixture. It is partially purified by extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone. US product was 4,500 - 23,000 tons in 2005.

References

Alkadienes
Repola Oy. Repola Oy was a Finnish industrial conglomerate, between 1990 and 1995, in the engineering and forest industries.

The company was formed by a merger between Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat ('United Paper Mills') and Rauma-Repola. Tauno Matomäki, the former president and CEO of Rauma-Repola, became CEO. Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat was the forestry and papermaking subsidiary, Rauma Oy the engineering.

Sunds Defibrator, a maker of defibrator equipment was also part of this merger. It was owned by SCA, Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget. From 1987, Sunds Defibrator had acquired the equipment companies Jylhävaara and Rauma Repola Pulping Engineering, whilst in exchange becoming owned by the overall groups UPM and Rauma-Repola. In 1991, SCA sold the final third of Sunds Defibrator, it becoming wholly owned by Repola Oy. This made it the largest industrial company in Finland.

From 1995, Repola and its subsidiary Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat ('UPM'), merged with  to form UPM-Kymmene. Operationally, the two companies operated as merged from November 1995, but the merger was legally enacted on 1 May 1996.

References 

Defunct companies of Finland
Pulp and paper companies of Finland
Conglomerate companies established in 1990
Manufacturing companies established in 1990
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1995
Peter A. Cundall. Peter Alan Cundall is an engineer and one of the founders of the Itasca Consulting Group. Together with Otto D. L. Strack, he introduced the Discrete Element Method.

He studied for a PhD in Rock Mechanics at Imperial College London, graduating in 1971 with a thesis titled "The measurement and analysis of accelerations in rock slopes". In 1979, he published "A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies", with Otto Strack, which was the most-widely cited paper in the journal Géotechnique, and which set the ground for the development of the DEM method. He served as Faculty member at the University of Minnesota for some time and then he went on to form Itasca Consulting Group.

In 2008, Cundall was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for fundamental contributions to understanding of rock deformation and failure processes, and development of innovative computational procedures in rock mechanics.

References

External links 
 A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies
 Itasca International - Peter A. Cundall profile
 Imperial College PhD
 Imperial College PhD

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of Imperial College London
Engineering educators
D&I Railroad. The D&I Railroad (DAIR) (also nicknamed the Dakota and Iowa Railroad) is a Class III shortline railroad which is a wholly owned subsidiary of L. G. Everist, Inc. The line hauls ethanol, dried distillers grains (DDG), corn oil, plastic pellets, cement, sand, gravel, and Sioux Quartzite, which is mined from two large quarries in Dell Rapids.

The D&I has a trackage rights agreement with BNSF that allows it to travel on three BNSF subdivisions to deliver and sell products, as they must use BNSF’s system to reach their southern half of their trackage. The D&I operates on both former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad and Chicago and Northwestern Railroad trackage, which were handed over to the state of South Dakota in 1980-1981 after the Milwaukee Road’s bankruptcy and subsequent abandonment of unprofitable lines.

Name
The D&I is sometimes also referred to as the Dakota and Iowa Railroad or the Dale and Irene Railroad. However, the official name is only the D&I Railroad, with the Dakota and Iowa or Dale and Irene being only nicknames.

Trackage
The D&I operates from Dell Rapids, SD to Sioux City, IA via company-owned trackage and via trackage rights with BNSF Railway.

The D&I operates company-owned trackage from Dell Rapids to Sioux Falls, where it connects with the BNSF Madison Subdivision. Heading south via trackage rights on BNSF’s Madison Subdivision and Canton Subdivision, It connects to trackage from Canton, South Dakota to Elk Point, South Dakota that is owned by the State of South Dakota and operated by D&I. Along this trackage is a siding servicing a POET biorefinery near Hudson, SD that produces ethanol, DDG, and corn oil. Otherwise, D&I uses this trackage primarily to haul products down to Sioux City, Iowa via a connection with BNSF's Aberdeen Subdivision in Elk Point. Most of these products are loaded onto barges alongside the Missouri River (typically at or near Big Soo Terminal). At Sioux City, The D&I is able to connect to the BNSF Railway, the Canadian National Railway, and the Union Pacific Railroad due to a trackage agreement for BNSF's Aberdeen Subdivision.

The D&I also operates a former Chicago and Northwestern branch line from Hawarden, Iowa to Beresford, South Dakota, which is also owned by the State of South Dakota.

Roster
:
 Gondola cars (170)
 Control Flow Ballast cars (60+)
 Pneumatic Open-Top Hopper cars (390+)
 Locomotives (18)

References

External links
 Official Website
 BNSF Railway Website with D&I Details 
 Union Pacific Website with D&I Details

South Dakota railroads
Ellis and Eastern Company. The Ellis and Eastern Company (reporting mark EE) is a railroad owned and operated by Sweetman Construction Company.

Operating on former Chicago and Northwestern (CNW) trackage, it was formed to ship Sioux Quartzite and other materials such as sand and gravel from a large quarry in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, for Sweetman Construction Company, which uses the railroad primarily to ship materials from the quarry it operates to a concrete plant nearby. Over time, the Ellis and Eastern has shipped more diverse products such as lumber, chemicals, machinery, scrapmetals, and grain to other customers.

Trackage 
The Ellis and Eastern Company operates between Brandon and Ellis, South Dakota on former Chicago and Northwestern trackage. This line was originally constructed by the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway (Omaha Road), which stretched from Org, Minnesota, to Mitchell, South Dakota. The portion between Mitchell and Ellis was abandoned in the 1980s, by the Chicago and North Western Railway, the successor of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway. Since the current western terminus of the railroad is at Ellis due to the abandonment of the line westward to Mitchell, the Ellis and Eastern only operates east of that point, hence the name, Ellis and Eastern Company.

Purchase of the Minnesota Southern Railway 
In 2017, the Ellis and Eastern Company announced that it had purchased the Minnesota Southern Railway, which ran from Manley to Worthington, Minnesota. The Minnesota Southern Railway owned a line which was former Chicago and Northwestern trackage, which was a segment of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway which was originally built from Org, MN to Mitchell, SD. It connected Manley to Brandon, which the Ellis and Eastern had attempted to purchase for years for the opportunity to connect with the Union Pacific in Worthington. The Minnesota Southern Railway had declined all attempts by the EE to purchase it, so it sat disputed between the two competitors. That stretch of track had not operated since 1994, and sat dormant until the EE’s acquisition of the MSR’s system. In 2017, the Minnesota Southern Railway officially was purchased by the EE, allowing the EE to assume control of the line to Worthington.The Ellis and Eastern has set out to rehabilitate the stretch between Manley and Brandon to connect with the Union Pacific Railroad in Worthington, Minnesota. The rehabilitation is expected to take up to three years.
The railroad was awarded nearly $14.5 million in a Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements (CRISI) grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation in March 2020. The grant dollars will be combined with a $19.4 million commitment from Ellis & Eastern to make improvements to the shortline railroad that stretches from Sioux Falls, South Dakota to near the unincorporated community of Org, southwest of Worthington.

See also 
 List of South Dakota Railroads
 D&I Railroad

References 

South Dakota railroads
Minnesota railroads
British railway rolling stock. British railway rolling stock refers to the trains used in Britain (England, Scotland and Wales).

Main line operators
These lists only include trains currently reported in use on Network Rail routes. For details of previous rolling stock and future deliveries, you should see the pages for the individual operators or the alternative lists in the 'see also' section at the bottom of this page.

Electrified routes generally use either 25,000V AC supplied by overhead lines, or 750V DC third rail. The majority of self-powered trains are diesel, but other systems are being developed. Some trains use a combination of these power systems so that they can use different routes.

Multiple units and railcars

Locomotives

Passenger coaches and vans

Freight wagons
Examples of modern freight wagons used in Britain. Wagons with UIC codes may also operate in Europe.

Other networks
 Docklands Light Railway rolling stock
 Eurotunnel rolling stock
 Glasgow Subway rolling stock
 London Underground rolling stock
 Tyne and Wear Metro rolling stock

See also
British Rail and National Rail
 British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification
 Steam locomotives of British Railways
 List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes
 List of British Rail electric multiple unit classes
 List of British Rail modern traction locomotive classes

Other operators
 NI Rail (Northern Ireland, UK)

References

British railway-related lists
Rolling stock of the United Kingdom
Aditya Akella. Srinivasa Aditya Akella is a computer scientist, professor and Regents Chair Professor at the University of Texas at Austin. He is notable for research in software-defined networking, big data systems, low latency networking, content distribution and network function virtualization.

Career

Akella completed his undergraduate studies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras in 2000, then received his PhD in 2005 from Carnegie Mellon University with a thesis titled End Point-based Routing Strategies for Improving Internet Performance and Resilience. His doctoral advisor was Srinivasan Seshan. He completed a post-doc at Stanford University working with Nick McKeown where he worked on early efforts in SDN. In 2006 Akella joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as an assistant professor, then later became an associate professor in 2012 and a full professor in 2017. In 2021, he joined the UT Austin Computer Science Department.

He leads the UT Networked Systems (UTNS) Research Group and is one of the Principal Investigators leading CloudLab.
In 2014, SIGCOMM gave him their Rising Star Award for contributions to network management and content delivery. Akella holds over 15 patents related to computer networking and distributed systems. He has published 225 research papers in refereed international conferences and journals with his coworkers and his publications have been cited over 10,000 times (H-index=53).

Akella was chosen as a finalist in Physical Sciences and Engineering for both the 2021 and 2020 Blavatnik National Award for his contributions to improving the speed, efficiency and reliability of data center infrastructure. His ongoing research focuses on systems for machine learning, low latency networking, big data systems and intent-driven networking.

Awards

 2023: ACM Fellow
 2021: Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists, Finalist
 2020: Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists, Finalist
 2018: H.I. Romnes Faculty Associate
 2017: Vilas Associate
 2015: Internet Research Task Force Applied Networking Research Prize
 2014: SIGCOMM Rising Star Award

Personal life

Akella is a native of Hyderabad, India, and currently resides in Austin, Texas. His wife Shuchi Chawla is also a computer science professor at the University of Texas-Austin.

References

External links
 Home page
 

American computer scientists
Computer systems researchers
Living people
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
IIT Madras alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Jagana. Jagana is a village in the Palanpur taluka of Banaskantha district in northern Gujarat, India. The villages Vasna, Bhagal, Sedrasana are located near to Jagana and it is just 6 km away from the district headquarters, Palanpur.

About
Jagana is located at an altitude of 252m (830 feet) at 24°7'30 N, 72°25'15 E. It is believed to be founded by Jagdev whose brother Pal Parmar founded Palanpur.

Jagana has many educational institutes like Government Engineering College, Palanpur, which is one of the major engineering colleges in the nearby region, Srimati S K Mehta High School, Government Primary School. There are many temples in the village such as Guru Maharaj Mandir, Verai Mata Mandir, Shiv Mandir and Hanuman Mandir. Bhagyabhumi Nabhashchandra Parshwadham, a Jain Derasar, is also located near Jagana. There are also many temples in the nearby town Palanpur and the religious sites such as Balaram Mahadev Temple and Ambaji located in the same district are reachable from Palanpur bus stand. There is a branch of BANK OF BARODA in the village.  The village falls in the Vadgam Assembly constituency and Patan Parliamentary constituency.

Transport

Road
The road connecting Jagana to Palanpur was built in 1873–74. Jagana is connected to Palanpur by Gobri Road and Gujarat state highway 41 (SH41) which also connects it directly to Mehsana, Unjha and Ahmedabad.

Rail 
Umardashi railway station is the nearest railway station located in Sedrasana village which is 5 km away. Palanpur junction, a major railway station on the Jaipur–Ahmedabad line is located 7 km away.

Airport
The nearest Airport is Deesa Airport, originally built to serve the princely state of Palanpur is located 35 km from Jagana. The nearest International Airport is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad, which is at a distance of 135 km from the village.

References

Villages in Banaskantha district
British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association. The British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA) is the trade body for the fire sprinkler industry in the United Kingdom.

Members of BAFSA install over 85% of the sprinkler installations in the United Kingdom. Its objectives include providing information on the advantages of sprinkler systems and how they can save life and property in the event of a fire.

Selected publications
Frequently Asked Sprinkler Questions (2013)
Retrofitting Sprinkler Systems (2013)
Sprinklers: A Guide for Owners and Occupiers (2015)

References

External links 
http://www.bafsa.org.uk/
BAFSA Publications.

Trade associations based in the United Kingdom
Fire protection organizations
Organisations based in Cambridgeshire
Ely, Cambridgeshire
Reducing machine. A reducing machine was a type of pantograph lathe used until the 21st century to manufacture coin dies. Prior to the machine's introduction, designs were cut by hand into metal dies by a specialist engraver. The reducing machine changed this by allowing artists to create designs on a larger surface area and then have them scaled down and cut into a die automatically. The most successful version of the machine, created by Victor Janvier, was used by mints all around the world, including the US Mint, which operated one as late as 2008, when it was replaced by CNC milling machines.

History

Contamin pantograph
From 1836 to 1867 the US Mint operated the first die-engraving pantograph invented by a now forgotten French inventor whom the machine is named after. It used a rotating cutter to copy a design.

Hill pantograph
During the mid 1800s Englishman C. J. Hill developed a variation of the Contamin whereby the electrotype was traced horizontally using a treadle. Hill sold his idea to William Wyon, the then chief engraver at the Royal Mint who sold a machine to the US Mint in September 1867.

Janvier reducing machine
In 1899, French engraver Victor Janvier patented a design which solved the inefficiency problem. By using twin cone belt drives that pointed in opposite directions dies could be cut much faster by increasing the speed as the cutting point moved outwards. After several days a reduction punch is produced, which is then used to produce working dies. Machines using Janvier's improved design were bought by the British Royal Mint in 1901 and by the US Mint in 1907.

References

External links 
 Royal Mint Reducing Engine webpage

Lathes
Metalworking tools
French inventions
Aventics. Aventics is a manufacturer of pneumatic components and systems with facilities in Laatzen, Germany; Bonneville, France; Lexington, United States; Eger, Hungary; and Changzhou, China. The Lexington pneumatics facility manufactures pneumatic valves, pneumatic cylinders, directional control valves, pressure control valves, electro-pneumatic valves, solenoid valves, pneumatic fittings, flow controls, actuators, marine propulsion controls and more.

Background 
The company was formed in 2013 through the divestment of the pneumatics division of the Bosch Rexroth. In December 2013, it was sold to the financial investor Triton Partners and traded as Aventics from February 2014 until the Emerson purchase in July 2018.

Pneumatics uses compressed air as a drive medium. The company manufactures cylinders, valves, valve systems, as well as units for compressed air preparation and is increasingly focusing on electronic networking of system parts. Vacuum technology for non-contact transport systems, such as those used in the food industry is an additional division.

History 
The current company can be traced back to the Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) founded in 1869. WABCO pneumatics business was then taken over in 1989 by Rexroth, at the time a subsidiary of the Mannesmann Group. As a result, Mannesmann Rexroth Pneumatik was founded with its headquarters in Hanover, Germany. In 1991, Mannesmann Rexroth took over AB Mecman (founded in 1945), which was assigned to the pneumatics division and renamed Rexroth Mecman GmbH. After Bosch purchased Rexroth in 2001, Bosch Automation and Mannesmann Rexroth (parent of Rexroth Mecman) were merged to form today's Bosch Rexroth. The pneumatics division was divested in September 2013 as a standalone company under the name Rexroth Pneumatics and then sold to the financial investor Triton. Since then, the company has been trading under the name Aventics . At the beginning of 2016, the inverted tooth chain division was sold to Renold, a British drive and conveyor chain specialist. The acquisition of Vector Horizon Technology (VHtek), located in Bowling Green, Kentucky, was announced in March 2017. VHtek develops clean energy systems with a focus on emission control and advanced mechatronic devices.

In July 2018, the acquisition by Emerson, a global leader in smart pneumatics technologies that power machine and factory automation applications, was announced.

References

External links 
 Official website
 

German companies established in 2013
Engineering companies of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Hanover
Manufacturing companies based in Kentucky
Intermodalics. Intermodalics is a software engineering and robotics company headquartered in Leuven, Belgium.

It has been recognized as one of the most promising innovative companies of Belgium.

Company History
Intermodalics was co-founded in Leuven, Belgium in 2011 by Dr. Peter Soetens and Dr. Ruben Smits as CEO and CTO respectively.

The company find its roots in the Robotics Research Group of KU Leuven, focusing on highly innovative projects.

It is very active in the Open Source community, most notably as developer and maintainer of the Open Robot Control Software project Orocos, a Free Software toolkit for realtime robot arm and machine tool control.

During the summer of 2014 Intermodalics co-developed the first Neopter - a commercial drone swarm for light shows - for the attraction park Le Puy du Fou in France.

In January, 2015 the company announced a partnership with Google related to the Google Project Tango project.

That same year, the company launched Pick-it., a 3D robot vision system, mostly used for material handling solutions such as robot bin-picking.

In May, 2015 Peter Soetens was named one of the 50 Belgian inspiring innovators by the Belgian financial newspaper De Tijd.

References

Companies based in Leuven
Software companies of Belgium