omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Crystatech. CrystaTech Inc. is a supplier of process technology to the energy industry. CrystaTech commercializes the patented Crystasulf process. CrystaSulf is the first commercially available product to provide low cost hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal from gas streams.

The company was founded in 1999 and is financially backed by the Gas Technology Institute and major energy companies through sponsored clean energy technology development. The corporate office is located in Austin, Texas.

CrystaTech is a member of the Gas Processors Suppliers Association.

Regional offices are in Alberta, Canada and Houston, Texas. All early stage R&D takes place at the Gas Technology Institute in Des Plaines, Illinois.  Representative customers include Total, Petrobank Energy and Resources Ltd., Queensland Energy Resources, U.S. Department of Energy, Luminant, and American Electric Power.

Key People

David Work - Chairman
Don Carlton - Independent Director

Notes

References 
 http://gpaglobal.org/gpsa/membercompanies/xealapp/index.php#C
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090905204521/http://www.gastechnology.org/webroot/app/xn/xd.aspx?it=enweb&xd=MarketResults%2Fmkt_portfolioCo.xml

External links 
 CrystaTech's Web Site

Green chemistry
Chemical process engineering
Companies based in Austin, Texas
Privately held companies based in Texas
Technology companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Texas
Shipyard transporter. A Shipyard transporter is a heavy equipment transporter or heavy trailer and is often used in shipyards but is not limited to them. As its name implies, a shipyard transporter is often used in transporting ship sections from the shipbuilder workshop to the dock to assemble a whole vessel.

Shipyard transporters adopt hydraulic suspension and steering to achieve loading, moving and steering. As each wheel has an independent steering unit, the shipyard transporter can achieve 8 direction moving and turning 360 degrees around the middle point of the transporter as the origin point.

Some times, Self Propelled Modular Transporters (SPMT) or self-propelled trailers are also called shipyard transporters.

References

Shipbuilding
Jet aerators. Jet aerators are applied across a wide range of water, wastewater and biosolids treatment applications. Their primary purpose is to transfer oxygen to the liquid or sludge. A Jet aerator works through aspirating technology by simultaneously introducing large volumes of high kinetic energy liquid and air through one or more jet nozzles. The high velocity liquid exits the inner, primary jet and rapidly mixes with the incoming air in the outer jet. This intense mixing and high degree of turbulence in the gas/liquid cloud travels outward from the jet along the basin floor prior to the vertical rise of the gas bubble column to the liquid surface.

Applications, features and benefits

Oxygen transfer efficiency and energy savings

In most industrial wastewater and biosolids applications jet aerators exhibit superior oxygen transfer efficiency compared to other aeration technologies. The hydrodynamic conditions within the jet and fine bubble cloud produces continuous surface renewal at the gas/liquid interface resulting in higher alpha factors. This results in superior process oxygen transfer performance in the presence of surfactants, extracellular enzymes and high MLS concentrations.

Process flexibility

Jet aerators do not require any external air source (i.e. compressor), except for the surrounding atmosphere. Jet aerators can be installed either as submersible units or piped through the tank wall using an external dry-installed chopper pump to feed the aspirating ejector(s). Jet aerators are easily configured into any basin geometry including circular, rectangular, looped reactors and sloped wall basins. Jet aerators are ideally suited for deep tank processes. The jet oxidation ditch is an example of technology innovation where the combination of a deeper basin design, bottom to top mixing and conservation of momentum combines to make a very efficient treatment process. In this and other applications the independent control of oxygen transfer and mixing is a valuable feature for both process control and energy savings.

Applications

 Equalization basins at sewage treatment plants
 Sewage wet wells and lift stations
 Aerobic digesters
 Leachate processing from landfills
 Waste processing at slaughterhouses, poultry abattoirs, fish processing plants, etc.
 Waste processing at tanneries (Article at Leather International)
 Pulp and paper - aeration of waste sludge 
 As compresor-less aerator in electrochemical reactors to produce hydrogen peroxide

References 

Chemical equipment
Pumps
Environmental engineering
MESA Imaging. MESA Imaging is a time-of-flight camera company. As privately financed organization, MESA was founded in July 2006 as a spin out from the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM) to commercialize its time-of-flight camera technologies. As of 2009, its primary product line, the SwissRanger, is in its fourth generation with the SwissRanger SR4000. In 2014 MESA was bought by Heptagon

Company profile
MESA Imaging is focusing on the development and production of 3D time-of-flight cameras. Development includes the design of the specific TOF-sensor as well as electronic, optical and mechanical design of the camera system. Beside a set of standard cameras, MESA also develops customer specific cameras for special purposes.

The headquarters of MESA Imaging is in the Technopark Zürich, Switzerland.

The MESA technology is well known for its high accuracy in per-pixel distance measurement as well as low noise. Both is achieved with a dedicated pixel architecture, the so-called Silo pixel. It delivers unique performances in terms of fast charge transport speed, low power consumption and high demodulation contrast.

History
MESA Imaging AG was founded in 2006 as a spin-off company of the Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique (CSEM). Before this, many years of research had already been spent on this new technology to enable it for the market.

In 2012, MESA Imaging has launched an online platform for the exchange on ideas, questions and comments on time-of-flight 3D imaging technology.

In 2014, MESA Imaging was bought by Heptagon.

External links
"SwissRanger SR3000 and First Experiences based on Miniaturized 3D-TOF Cameras (Archive.org) - discontinued"
"CCD/CMOS Lock-In Pixel for Range Imaging: Challenges, Limitations and State-of-the-Art"
 Human-Robot-Interface: Contactless with 3D-Camera at YouTube (Adobe Flash video) - Robot control using a SwissRanger SR3000
 "Time-of-Flight Forum"
 "Image Sensor Technologies for 3D Time-of-flight Range Imaging"

Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
The Combustion Institute. The Combustion Institute is an educational non-profit, international, scientific and engineering society whose purpose is to promote research in combustion science. The institute was established in 1954, and its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The current president of The Combustion Institute is Philippe Dagaut (2021-).

Foundation and mission 
The support of this important field of study spanning many scientific and engineering disciplines is done through the discussion of research findings at regional, national and the biennial international symposia, and through the publication of the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute and the institute's journals, Combustion and Flame and the affiliated journals Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Combustion Science and Technology and Combustion Theory and Modelling.

The institute serves as the parent organization for thirty three national sections organized in many countries (the US being divided into three sections) as of 2012:

In honor of fiftieth anniversary of Combustion Institute, the leading combustion scientists John D. Buckmaster, Paul Clavin, Amable Liñán, Moshe Matalon, Norbert Peters, Gregory Sivashinsky and Forman A. Williams wrote a paper in the Proceedings of the Combustion Institute.

International symposium on combustion
The international symposium on combustion is organised by the Combustion Institute biennially. The first symposium on combustion was held in 1928 in the United States and the first international symposium on combustion was held on 1948, even though the combustion institute itself was found on 1954. Thirty seven symposiums has been held so far and the 38th symposium was to be held on 2020 but is postponed to 2021.

Institute Awards 
During each International Symposium, The Combustion Institute awards the following:
Bernard Lewis Gold Medal – established in 1958 and awarded for brilliant research in the field of combustion.
Alfred C. Egerton Gold Medal – established in 1958 and awarded biennially for distinguished, continuing and encouraging contributions to the field of combustion.
Silver Combustion Medal – established in 1958 and awarded to an outstanding paper presented at the previous symposium.
The Hottel Lecture.
Ya B. Zeldovich Gold Medal – established in 1990 and awarded for outstanding contribution to the theory of combustion or detonation.
Bernard Lewis Fellowship – established in 1996 during the 26th International Symposium, this award is awarded to encourage high quality research in combustion by young scientists and engineers.
Distinguished Paper Award – established in 1996 during the 31st International Symposium, this award is presented to the paper in each of the twelve colloquia of a  Symposium which is judged to be most distinguished in quality, achievement and significance.
Bernard Lewis Visiting Lecturer Fellowship.
Hiroshi Tsuji Early Career Researcher Award.

See also 
International Flame Research Foundation

References 

American engineering organizations
Scientific organizations established in 1954
Combustion
Planephones. Planephones, or planofoni, represent an innovative sound art creation.
They are vibrating systems based on wood panels (or other materials) and different forms. Planephones diffuse the sound  according to specifications which depend on the structure of the material, on the geometry of the design, on the orientation and curvature of the surfaces, and on the plastic volumes occupied.

Planephones differ from conventional sound diffusion systems in that the sound acquires the timbral quality of the material employed and, in addition, by diffusing the sound homogeneously along the surface, permits designing the acoustic space. according to the architectural space.

Planephones were conceived by composer Michelangelo Lupone, as art installations (1997), and are the result of studies on the vibrational qualities of materials with the collaboration of CRM-Centro Ricerche Musicali.

Planephones are works of art which integrate form, matter, sound, music language and expression. They integrate the relevant aspects of sound and visual perception, creating new modes of fruition of the work of art.

See also
 Holophones
 Feed-Drum

References

External links
 CRM - Centro Ricerche Musicali
 Biennale ArteScienza

Musical instruments
Hoyland Fox. Hoyland Fox is an umbrella frame manufacturer founded and formerly based in Sheffield, UK.

History 
Samuel Fox founded Fox Umbrella Frames Ltd in 1842 in Stocksbridge, Sheffield, UK. Fox Umbrella Company started with a rain umbrella product. Samuel Fox is the first inventor of the U-shape ribs (called "Paragon"). William Hoyland, assistant of Samuel Fox, built his own company William Hoyland Ltd in 1875. Hoyland and Fox’s Chief engineer Joseph Hayward set up business to produce the patented "Flexus" frame as an alternative to Fox' "Paragon" frame. The "Flexus" frame is built up of solid ribs with flat spring stretchers coupled in pairs and in such a manner that all the stretchers were under tension when the frame was in any position except when fully closed.

Samuel Fox became the largest umbrella frame manufacturer in the world around the turn of last century. The company went on to be one of the largest steel makers in UK before being nationalised by British Steel. In late 1987, Readicut International bought William Hoyland and Co. Ltd from local owners. One year later, Hoyland acquired Fox Umbrella Frames Ltd and established the present company Hoyland Fox Limited.

The Activa Group acquired Hoyland Fox Ltd in 2008 and transferred the brand name, patents, technology, tools and machinery to its China factory ending 166 years of Sheffield tradition.

Sites
Until the acquisition by Activa, the group was based at the following locations.
Manchester Road, Millhouse Green, Barnsley
Valley Road, Meersbrook, Sheffield
Stocksbridge, Sheffield

References

External links
Company website
Company profile
Sheffield Star Newspaper: Disgraced businessman and wife sued for £1 million

Manufacturing companies based in Sheffield
Umbrella manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1842
British companies established in 1842
The Last Mission (video game). The Last Mission is a computer game released in 1987 by the Spanish company Opera Soft, for the Sinclair Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, and MSX. It was also ported to the IBM PC platform. It is a 2D flip-screen side-view game.

Plot
Following a robot rebellion, humans have fled the Earth for the planet Nova. They have sent the robot OR-CABE-3 back to Earth to obtain the secret defense plans of the enemy robot base. The player takes control of OR-CABE-3 as it attempts to escape the enemy base with the plans and board a spacecraft for Nova.

Gameplay
The player has the role of the robot OR-CABE-3 as it attempts to escape the enemy base and leave Earth. Starting at the deepest level of the base, where the robot has stolen the defense plans, it must evade hostile robots and travel to the surface, where an escape ship awaits.

The robot OR-CABE-3 resembles a tank with a rotating gun mounted on a caterpillar-track base. The gun section is capable of flight and may be detached from the base to kill enemies or solve problems, though it loses energy while in this state. If it runs out of energy the game ends. A life is lost if the gun section is destroyed. If the base section is destroyed it is respawned at the starting location, but no lives are lost.

Reviews
 Jeux & Stratégie #47

References

1987 video games
Shoot 'em ups
ZX Spectrum games
MSX games
MSX2 games
Amstrad CPC games
Amstrad PCW games
Video games developed in Spain
Action-adventure games
Video games about robots
Single-player video games
Opera Soft games
Carl Hodges. Carl N. Hodges (March 19, 1937 – April 3, 2021) was an American atmospheric physicist and founder of the Seawater foundation. He was the main driving force behind ideas of using sea canals to irrigate deserts.

The idea is to grow sea farms in the artificial sea canals using plants like salicornia and mangrove, and introducing fish and shrimp. This is thought to be able to resurrect ecosystems, create jobs, wealth and food sources. This has been proposed as a solution for starvation and even being able to counter the effects of global warming and rising sea levels.

He was a primary consultant on development of the Epcot attraction, Listen to the Land.

References

External links

2021 deaths
21st-century American physicists
American atmospheric scientists
Atmospheric physicists
People involved with desert greening
1937 births
De Immigrant. De Immigrant is a windmill located in Fulton, Illinois, built on a flood control dike on the Mississippi River. The City of Fulton contracted Molema Millbuilders, Havenga Construction, and Lowlands Management on December 4, 1998, to construct a Dutch windmill, to be fabricated by native millwrights in the Netherlands and shipped to Fulton for assembly. Two months later, construction began with thirty metric tons of wood. The construction took place in phases, and the tower, cap, sails, and machinery were all put together on November 19, 1999. On May 5, 2001, De Immigrant officially began grinding wheat, buckwheat, rye, and cornmeal.

References

External links
 City of Fulton: De Immigrant Windmill
Building De Immigrant, a photo diary

Buildings and structures in Whiteside County, Illinois
Smock mills in the United States
Tourist attractions in Whiteside County, Illinois
Grinding mills in Illinois
Dutch-American culture in Illinois
Windmills completed in 1999
Windmills in Illinois
1999 establishments in Illinois
Physica (journal). Physica is a Dutch series of peer-reviewed,  scientific journals of physics by Elsevier. 
It started out in 1921 as a journal of the Nederlandse Natuurkundige Vereniging (Netherlands Physical Society) that published mostly in Dutch. In 1934 it was taken over by the North-Holland Publishing Company, keeping the same name but with a new volume numbering.
The single journal Physica was split in a three-part series in 1975 (Physica A, Physica B, Physica C). Physica D was created in 1980, and Physica E in 1998. It was published in Utrecht until 2007, and is now published in Amsterdam by Elsevier.

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Physica A was created in 1975 as a result of the splitting of Physica in 1975. It is concerned with statistical mechanics and its applications, particularly random systems, fluids and soft condensed matter, dynamical processes, theoretical biology, econophysics, complex systems, and network theory.

Physica A is published by Elsevier on a bimonthly basis (24 times per year).

Physica B: Condensed Matter
Physica B was created in 1975 as a result of the splitting of Physica in 1975. It is concerned with condensed matter physics and its applications, particularly solid state and low-temperature physics. Some conference proceedings are published in special editions of Physica B.

Physica B is published by Elsevier on an at-least monthly basis (12 times per year, sometimes more).

Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications
Physica C created in 1975 as a result of the splitting of Physica in 1975. It is a "rapid communications" type of journal, concerned with the topic superconductivity, superconductive materials, and connected phenomena.

Physica C is published by Elsevier, two or three times per month.

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
Physica D was created in 1980 as an expansion of the Physica series. It is concerned with nonlinear physics and nonlinear phenomena in general.

Physica D is published by Elsevier on a bimonthly basis (24 times a year).

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures

Physica E was created in 1998 as an expansion of the Physica series. It is concerned with nanostructures and thin films research, particularly the properties of quantum dots, quantum wells, quantum wires, and both bilayer and multilayer thin-film devices.

Physica E is published by Elsevier 10 times a year.

External links
 Physica A website
 Physica B website
 Physica C website
 Physica D website
 Physica E website
 archive of issues from the period 1921-1933

Elsevier academic journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1934
ARA Garibaldi. ARA Garibaldi was one of four  armored cruisers purchased by the Argentine Navy from Italy.

Design and description

Garibaldi had an overall length of , a beam of , and a mean draft (ship) of . She displaced  at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam from eight Scotch marine boilers. The engines were designed for a maximum output of  and a speed of . She had a cruising range of  at . Her complement consisted of 28 officers and 420 enlisted men.

Her main armament consisted of two 40-caliber Armstrong Whitworth  guns, in gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. The ten 40-caliber quick-firing (QF)  guns that comprised her secondary armament were arranged in casemates amidships on the main deck. Garibaldi also had six QF , ten QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss and eight QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns to defend herself against torpedo boats. She was also equipped with four above-water  torpedo tubes, two on each side.

The ship's waterline armor belt had a maximum thickness of  amidships and tapered to  towards the ends of the ship. Between the main gun barbettes it covered the entire side of the ship up to the level of the upper deck. The barbettes, the conning tower, and gun turrets were also protected by 5.9-inch armor. Her deck armor ranged from  thick.

Construction and career
The ship was launched on 27 May 1895 and she was stricken on 20 March 1934.

Notes

References

Further reading 
  Burzaco, Ricardo. Acorazados y Cruceros De La Armada Argentina. Eugenio B, Buenos Aires, 1997. 
 

Garibaldi-class cruisers of the Argentine Navy
Ships built in Genoa
1895 ships
Ships built by Gio. Ansaldo & C.
ARA Pueyrredón. ARA Pueyrredón was one of four  armored cruisers purchased by the Argentine Navy from Italy in the 1890s.

Design and description
Pueyrredón had an overall length of , a beam of , and a mean draft (ship) of . She displaced  at normal load. The ship was powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam from eight Scotch marine boilers. The engines were designed for a maximum output of  and a speed of . She had a cruising range of  at . Her complement consisted of 25 officers and 300 enlisted men.

Her main armament consisted of two 40-caliber Armstrong Whitworth  guns, in gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. The ten 40-caliber quick-firing (QF)  guns that comprised her secondary armament were arranged in casemates amidships on the main deck. Pueyrredón also had six QF , four QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss and ten QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns to defend herself against torpedo boats. She was also equipped with four above-water  torpedo tubes, two on each side.

The ship's waterline armor belt had a maximum thickness of  amidships and tapered to  towards the ends of the ship. Between the main gun barbettes it covered the entire side of the ship up to the level of the upper deck. The barbettes, the conning tower, and gun turrets were also protected by 5.9-inch armor. Her deck armor ranged from  thick.

Construction and career
The ship was launched on 27 July 1898 and served the Argentine Navy until she was stricken on 2 August 1954. Pueyrredón was the last survivor of the Garibaldi class.

Notes

References

Further reading 
  Burzaco, Ricardo. Acorazados y Cruceros De La Armada Argentina. Eugenio B, Buenos Aires, 1997. 

Garibaldi-class cruisers of the Argentine Navy
1898 ships
Ships built by Gio. Ansaldo & C.
Ships built in Genoa
World War II cruisers of Argentina
1,4-Dichlorobut-2-ene. 1,4-Dichlorobut-2-ene are organochlorine compounds with the formula .  Cis and trans isomers exist.  These compounds are intermediates in the industrial production of chloroprene. They are main impurity in technical grade chloroprene.

Production of chloroprene
Chloroprene is a monomer for the production of synthetic rubbers such as Neoprene. It is produced from butadiene in a three-step process. The first step is the liquid- or vapour-phase chlorination of butadiene to a mixture of 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene and 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (both isomers). In the second step, the mixture of 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene and 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene is isomerized to 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene by heating to temperatures of 60–120 °C in the presence of a catalyst. Finally, dehydrochlorination (elimination of hydrogen chloride) of 3,4-dichlorobut-1-ene with dilute sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of polymerization inhibitors gives crude chloroprene.

Other reactions
1,4-Dichlorobut-2-ene is a precursor to various heterocycles.

The (E)-isomer is also one of the starting materials for the poriferic natural product sceptrin.

References

Chloroalkenes