omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
GenICam. GenICam (abbreviated for Generic Interface for Cameras) is a generic programming interface for machine vision (industrial) cameras. The goal of the standard is to decouple industrial camera interfaces technology (such as GigE Vision, USB3 Vision, CoaXPress or Camera Link) from the user application programming interface (API). GenICam is administered by the European Machine Vision Association (EMVA). The work on the standard began in 2003 and the first module in GenICam, i.e., GenApi, was ratified in 2006 whereas the final module, i.e., GenTL was ratified in 2008.

Many companies in the machine vision industry have contributed to the standard. The main companies involved in drafting the GenICam standards are:

Adimec
Allied Vision Technologies
Balluff (formerly known as MATRIX VISION GmbH which Balluff acquired in 2017)
Basler AG
Baumer
DALSA
 e2v semiconductors
Teledyne FLIR (formerly known as Point Grey Research Inc. which FLIR Systems Inc. acquired in 2016)
JAI A/S
Leutron Vision
LUCID Vision Labs
 Matrox Imaging
MVTec Software
National Instruments
Pleora
Stemmer Imaging
OMRON Sentech

Because many companies were involved in drafting the GenICam standard, and because of the potential benefits it seemed to offer, some camera manufacturers have already started to use GenICam in their products. However, many who helped develop the standard still use a proprietary SDK. For instance FLIR uses the Spinnaker SDK (https://www.ptgrey.com/spinnaker-sdk).

A common software interface that tries to support all genicam cameras is available: aravis.

GenICam consists of three modules to help solving the main tasks in machine vision field in a generic way.  These modules are:

GenApi: Using an XML description file, this is used to configure the camera and details how to access and control cameras;
Standard Feature Naming Convention (SFNC): This is the recommended names and types for common features in cameras to promote interoperability;
GenTL: This is the transport layer interface for enumerating cameras, grabbing images from the camera, and moving them to the user application.

GenICam provides support for five basic functions:
Configuring the camera—This function could support a range of camera features such as frame size, acquisition speed, pixel format, gain, image offset, etc.
Grabbing images—This function will create access channels between the camera and the user interface and initiates receiving images
Graphical user interface—This function enables user GUI interface to seamlessly talk to the camera(s)
Transmitting extra data—This function enables cameras to send extra data on top of the image data.  Typical examples could be histogram information, time stamp, area of interest in the frame, etc.
Delivering events—This function enables cameras to talk to the application through an event channel.

External links 

 EMVA
 GenICam Standard

References 

Image sensor technology in computer vision
Antiplane shear. Antiplane shear or antiplane strain is a special state of strain in a body.  This state of strain is achieved when the displacements in the body are zero in the plane of interest but nonzero in the direction perpendicular to the plane.  For small strains, the strain tensor under antiplane shear can be written as

 
where the  plane is the plane of interest and the  direction is perpendicular to that plane.

Displacements 
The displacement field that leads to a state of antiplane shear is (in rectangular Cartesian coordinates)

where  are the displacements in the  directions.

Stresses 
For an isotropic, linear elastic material, the stress tensor that results from a state of antiplane shear can be expressed as

where  is the shear modulus of the material.

Equilibrium equation for antiplane shear 
The conservation of linear momentum in the absence of inertial forces takes the form of the equilibrium equation.  For general states of stress there are three equilibrium equations.  However, for antiplane shear, with the assumption that body forces in the 1 and 2 directions are 0, these reduce to one equilibrium equation which is expressed as

where  is the body force in the  direction and .  Note that this equation is valid only for infinitesimal strains.

Applications 
The antiplane shear assumption is used to determine the stresses and displacements due to a screw dislocation.

References

See also 
Infinitesimal strain theory
Deformation (mechanics)

Elasticity (physics)
Solid mechanics
Lohner B.I. The Lohner B.I was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary during World War I. As Lohner strove to perfect the design, a variety of increasingly powerful engines were fitted, reflected in a range of military designations from B.II through to B.VI until the definitive B.VII was finally produced. This last version was also produced in an armed variant, designated the C.I.

Design and development
The B.I design originated before the war and was initially known as the Pfeilflieger ("Arrow-flier") on account of its sharply swept-back wings, giving it an arrow-shaped plan form. Apart from this feature, it was an otherwise conventional biplane design with two-bay, staggered wings of unequal span. The pilot and observer (or instructor) sat in tandem in an open cockpit.

The first batch was produced for the Luftschiffabteilung ("Airship Section") of the Austro-Hungarian army in late 1912, after a national fundraising campaign conducted by the Österreichischer Aero-Club ("Austrian Aero-Club"). Known at this time as the Type B, the army took delivery of 28 aircraft before asking Lohner to develop a version better suited for mountain-flying, leading to the B.II which replaced the B.I in production in mid 1914. However, during the course of 1915, production was briefly revived (along with the then-surpassed B.II) under licence at Flugzeugwerk Fischamend for use as trainers.

Operational history
On 17 December 1913, during the war with Morocco, a Spanish expeditionary squadron of the Aeronáutica Militar became the first organized air force unit to see combat during the first systematic bombing in history by dropping aerial bombs from a Lohner Flecha airplane on the plain of Ben Karrix in Morocco.

Variants
B.IOriginal Pfeilflieger design.
B.IIThe Lohner B.II variant, a version better suited for mountain-flying.
B.IIProduction version with 63 kW (85 hp) Hiero engine (96 built)
B.IIIVersion with 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes, 90 kW (120 hp) Austro-Daimler (Lohner versions) or 75 kW (100 hp) Austro-Daimler (Ufag version) (30 built)
B.IVVersion with revised undercarriage and 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes engine (9 built, 8 of these by Ufag)
B.VVersion with 100 kW (140 hp) Rapp engine (6 built)
B.VISimilar to B.V (18 built)
B.VIIThe Lohner B.VII was the definitive version with 110 kW (150 hp) or 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine (73 built).
C.1An armed variant based on the B.VII fitted with a 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine and armed with single machine gun on trainable mount for observer (40 built).
FlechaThe Lohner Flecha (Arrow) or Barrón Flecha, was a variant of the Lohner B.1 developed in Spain by engineer Eduardo Barrón in 1915. It would remain in service until 1919. The Flecha would be used as a platform by Barrón in order to develop a new model in 1917, the Barrón W.

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

Aeronáutica Militar (1913 - 1917)

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
B.I
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912
David Laserscanner. DAVID Laserscanner is a software package for low-cost 3D laser scanning. It allows scanning and digitizing of three-dimensional objects using a camera (e.g. a web cam), a hand-held line laser (i.e. one that projects a line, not just a point), and two plain boards in the background. The software generates 3D data in real time and shows them on the computer screen while the laser line is swept over the object by hand (like a virtual brush). The line may be swept over the object multiple times, until the results are satisfactory.

The resulting 3D mesh can be exported into well-known file formats and can thus be imported and processed in most 3D applications. The software is also able to grab the texture and "stitch together" scans made from different viewing directions.

Scanning process 

An initial calibration is made to determine the lens parameters and location of the camera relative to the background boards, which are two vertical planes positioned at 90 degrees to one another behind the object to be scanned. When scanning, the camera must be able to see part of the laser line on each board. This enables the software to reconstruct the plane of the projected laser light. Once it has determined the two-dimensional plane that the line laser is projecting, it is able to analyse the image of the laser line falling on the scanned object and resolve it into points in space.

History 
Development of DAVID Laserscanner started in September 2006 by German computer scientists Dr. Simon Winkelbach and Sven Molkenstruck, research associates of the Institute for Robotics and Process Control of the TU Braunschweig. The concept has been published as a research paper  and has received the Best Paper Award at the German Association for Pattern Recognition (DAGM) on September 14, 2006, in Berlin.

References

External links
DAVID Laserscanner website, including forum and wiki about laser scanning
Concept paper
DAVID Laserscanner Starter-Kit, Overview with video demonstrations.

Computer-aided design software
3D graphics software
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network. The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) is an internetwork architecture that allows ground/ground, air/ground, and avionic data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the ISO OSI Reference Model.

Aviation messages like OpMet data exchange is required to traverse the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN).

The European part of ATN used for ground/ground communications is represented by PENS.

See also 
 Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
 DO-219
 DO-232
 Future Air Navigation System (FANS)

References

Aircraft instruments
Avionics
Air traffic control
3D Indiana. 3D Indiana is a commercial Educational software for teaching and research on the human anatomy. The name is an acronym for Three-Dimensional Interactive Digital Anatomy. This software is based  on the principles of volumetric anatomy  which uses three intersecting coordinate planes to locate the organs of the human body based on mathematical calculations. This is in contrast to the traditional method of describing the location of the organs in relation to one another. The Gall bladder is traditionally described thus: 'It is situated on the right side of the body closely in contact with the inferior surface of the liver, along the right edge of the quadrate lobe in a shallow fossa extending from the right edge of the porta hepatis to the inferior lobe of the liver'.

History 
This patent-pending software was designed by the Kalister Foundation led by Jerome Kalister, an alumnus of TD Medical College,  Alapuzha, Kerala, India. A team of about fifteen professionals of the Foundation worked for nearly three years to create the software. It was formally unveiled at TD Medical College by Jerome Kalister on 13 October 2008 before an audience of more than a thousand students and staff of various medical colleges in Kerala.

Features 
According to its creators, 3D Indiana is a virtual human body and its use would be complementary to the conventional mode of anatomy studies. Eventually this software may replace the human cadavers in anatomical studies. Without any additional programming, a researcher could elicit normal body responses from this virtual body. This gives the package the potential as a tool for doing clinical trials of drugs and chemicals in it.
 
Every named structure in the body is digitally recreated in detail and deployed in their true anatomical positions in the body. By clicking on any part of the body using a computer mouse, the user can get the name of the part displayed and can zoom in, rotate or isolate the part for further details.

Endorsements 
The 3D Indiana package has been already endorsed by the Anatomical society of India. The Kalister Foundation is in discussion with the National Rural Health Mission for its endorsement of 3D Indiana as an educational software suitable for application in medical colleges.

See also 
 Visible Human Project
 Primal Pictures

References

External links 
 3D Indiana
 National Rural Health Mission

Anatomical simulation
Gus-class LCAC. The Gus-class LCAC code Project 1205 Skat was a medium-sized assault hovercraft operated by the Soviet Navy from 1969 until the early 1990s.

See also
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
List of ships of Russia by project number

References 

 Sharpe, Richard (RN) Jane's Fighting Ships 1990-91 
  All Gus class LCAC - Complete Ship List

Amphibious warfare vessels of the Soviet Navy
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Russian Navy
Military hovercraft
Landing craft
Aist-class LCAC. The Aist class (NATO-Code; Russian Project 12321 Dzheyran) was the first large assault hovercraft operated by the Soviet Navy. It was designed by the Almaz design bureau wing of the Almaz Shipbuilding Company in 1964–1965. Production of the craft lasted from 1970 until 1985 at Almaz's plant in Leningrad.

Registry
 #609
 #610
 #615
 #700
 MDK 89 (formerly #730)
 MDK 113 (formerly #722)

See also
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
List of ships of Russia by project number

References
 Sharpe, Richard (RN), Jane's Fighting Ships 1990-91, 
 Air cushion small landing ships – Complete Ship List 

Amphibious warfare vessels of the Soviet Navy
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Russian Navy
Military hovercraft
Landing craft
Lebed-class LCAC. The Kalmar class (Project 1206, NATO reporting name Lebed) are a class of medium-sized assault hovercraft designed for the Soviet Navy. The few remaining craft are operated by the Russian Navy.

Designed by the design bureau wing of Almaz shipbuilding company early in the 1970s, production started in 1972 and continued until 1985 in plants at Leningrad and Theodosia.

Registry
533
639
640

See also
 Aist-class LCAC
 Gus-class LCAC
 Tsaplya-class LCAC
 Zubr-class LCAC

See also
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
List of ships of Russia by project number

References

 Saunders, Stephen (RN) Jane's Fighting Ships 2003-2004, 

Amphibious warfare vessels of the Soviet Navy
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Russian Navy
Military hovercraft
Landing craft
Lister D. The Lister D is a 1 - 2.5hp stationary engine on petrol or petrol/paraffin (fuel) built between 1926-1965  by R A Lister and Company of Dursley.  It is popular with newcomers to the stationary engine hobby with un-restored examples available for as little as £25, plenty of spares and various re-manufactured parts and decals.  It replaced the Lister H, which was of a similar output. The first Lister D engine serial number 80,000 was assembled on 26 October 1926.

The engines were used to power water pumps, generators, cement mixers and much more. They had a chain drive ignition magneto, either the Lucas SR1, the Lucas RS1 or a M-l MK1(shaft driven and early chain driven), and an Amal float bowl. The engines were made in 1 hp, 1.5 hp, 2 hp and 2.5 hp versions. It was known as the  model D309 or simply the R.A. Lister. The engine was a 4 stroke poppet valve engine, and a simple centrifugal governing system.

Throughout the years of production, the engine changed very little. The fuel tank was moved from halfway up the engine to the top, and the shaft-drive magneto was replaced by a chain-driven unit in the early 1930s. D's were originally painted mid Brunswick green, but some World War II engines were painted in olive drab. A paraffin-fuelled engine was also available, called the Lister DK. It had two separate tanks, one for paraffin, and another for petrol. The engine was started on petrol, but could cut over to paraffin by means of a 3-way tap.

The engine used clockwise rotation as a standard, but some Anti-clockwise engines were produced. While they were a very sturdy, reliable engine, they did have a few flaws, one of which was that the water tap poured water over the oil filler.  This was easily corrected by the use of a rubber pipe.

The engine in the early days was a rival to the Ruston Hornsby PB, the Bamford EV1, the short-lived Fowler P series

Further reading
 David W. Edgington. The Lister D Story 1926-1964. UK: self-published, 2004. 54p.
 Nigel McBurney (edited by Gordon Wright). Stationary Engine on Lister D Type Restoration. Kelsey Publishing, 1997. 68p.
 Stevan D. T. Patterson. Ninety five years of the Lister D. UK: self-published, 2021. 36p.

References

Stationary engines
Lohner B.II. The Lohner B.II (originally designated Type C) was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary during World War I. It was a development of the pre-war B.I design, incorporating changes requested by the Austro-Hungarian army, but inheriting its predecessor's basic design, including its characteristic swept-back wings.

Design and development
Intended to perform better in the mountainous terrain of the Austrian alps, the Type C featured a longer fuselage, greater wingspan, and strengthened undercarriage. The Type B's Austro-Daimler engine was exchanged for a Hiero with slightly less power but also much lighter. The extended wingspan soon led to problems, however, when the prototype's wings collapsed under stress testing. A second prototype, with strengthened wings, was accepted by the Army in August 1913, and placed an order for another 24 aircraft. Soon after deliveries began, the wings of a Type C failed in flight, and all examples were grounded. Work to strengthen the wing design was carried out under the direction of Professor Richard Knoller but this was not yet complete when war broke out. Six Type Cs were immediately put back into action, with the grounding of the others being lifted shortly afterwards. The design proved too slow and too fragile for operational service, and was quickly reassigned to secondary roles. In February 1915, the Luftschiffabteilung revised its designation system to match that in use by Germany, and the Type C was redesignated B.II. Later the same year, a new and strengthened wing was fitted to all remaining B.IIs, and the B.II (along with the B.I) was put back into production under licence at Flugzeugwerk Fischamend for use as trainers.

As the year drew on, the  B.III, B.IV, B.V, and B.VI followed, featuring a variety of engines. None were produced in quantity, but the B.III and B.IV were also built by the new Ufag firm that had been established to produce these Lohner designs in Albertfalva in Budapest. Further development eventually resulted in the Lohner B.VII by the end of the year.

Variants
B.II Lohner Type C:production version with 63 kW (85 hp) Hiero engine (96 built)
B.II(U) Series 12.4, production by UFAG (Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Abteil Gesellschaft / Ungarische Flugzeugwerke Aktien Gesellschaft): 18 built.
B.III Lohner Type E: version with 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes, 90 kW (120 hp) Austro-Daimler 
B.III(U) Series 14.5: production by UFAG (Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Abteil Gesellschaft / Ungarische Flugzeugwerke Aktien Gesellschaft), powered by  Austro-Daimler 100hp: 8 built.
B.IVversion with revised undercarriage and 75 kW (100 hp) Mercedes engine (1 built)
B.IV(U) Series 15.5: production by UFAG (Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Abteil Gesellschaft / Ungarische Flugzeugwerke Aktien Gesellschaft): 8 built.
B.Vversion with 100 kW (140 hp) Rapp Rp II engine (6 built)
B.VIsimilar to B.V (18 built)

Operators

Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
B.II
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1913
Lohner B.VII. The unarmed Lohner B.VII and its armed derivative the C.I were military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary during World War I. They were the ultimate developments in a family of aircraft that had begun with the B.I prior to the outbreak of war, and were the first members of that family that proved suitable for front-line service during the conflict. Like their predecessors, the B.VII and C.I were conventional biplanes with characteristic swept-back wings.

Operational history
The B.VII appeared in August 1915 and finally provided a machine suitable for service use. These were used to conduct long-range reconnaissance missions over the Italian Front, as well as occasional bombing raids, carrying 80 kg (180 lb) of bombs internally. Many B.VIIs in operational service were equipped with machine guns on flexible mounts for the observer, and this led to the armed C.I version being produced at both the Lohner and Ufag factories. Aside from its factory-installed armament, the C.I also sported a streamlined cowling around the engine, whereas the B-types had their cylinders exposed to the airstream. Notable missions carried out by these aircraft included the raid on the Porta Volta power station in Milan on 14 February 1916 (a 378 km/276 mi round trip for 12 B.VIIs) and Julius Arigi sinking an Italian steamer at Valona in a B.VII in 1916.

Production of all versions ceased in 1917, and all were withdrawn from service soon afterwards.

Variants
B.VIIunarmed version with 110 kW (150 hp) or 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine (73 built)
B.VII(U) Series 17.5: production by UFAG (Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Abteil Gesellschaft / Ungarische Flugzeugwerke Aktien Gesellschaft): 48 built.
C.Iversion with 120 kW (160 hp) Austro Daimler engine and armed with single machine gun on trainable mount for observer (40 built)

Specifications

Notes

References

Further reading

 A contemporary account of the raid carried out on 14 February 1916, published in Flight.

B.VII
1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915

fr:Lohner C.I