omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Caproni Ca.105. The Caproni Ca.105 was a multirole high wing single engine monoplane developed by the Italian aeronautical company Aeronautica Caproni in the late 1920s.

Design
The Ca.105 was an aircraft made in mixed technique that proposed a classic setting for the type of aircraft and for the role it was intended to cover both in civil and military, single engine in tractor configuration, high wing monoplane with closed cabin and fixed cart.

The fuselage, with rectangular section and realized with a structure in welded metallic trellis covered with treated canvas, integrates the cockpit to four places, the two front ones equipped with double controls and the others destined to the passengers.
 
The wing configuration was monoplane, with the wing positioned high on the fuselage and connected to it through a pair of brace rods on each side, rods that also served as a support for the cart. The structure was made of wood and was also covered in treated canvas, characterized by the possibility of being folded along the fuselage to facilitate hangarage operations.

The landing gear was a fixed bicycle with independent wheels, with the structure consisting of a vertical cushioned element connected to the bracing rods and anchored below the fuselage by V-shaped uprights, integrated at the back by a support pad positioned underneath tail.

Operational history
Although owned by the Regia Aeronautica, the aircraft was given civil registration I-ABCE in anticipation of the raid that was to join Rome with Cape Town, South Africa . At the controls of the pilot couple Francis Lombardi and Leonida Robbiano, the aircraft took off from the airport of Rome in December 1931 in a southerly direction, but the long journey was interrupted in Tabora due to an inconvenience mechanic who forced the crew to return home.

On December 12, 1932, the aircraft was re-registered I-FOCO by the Ministry of Aeronautics and intended to remember the fallen of the first transatlantic Atlantic with a commemorative flight Rome-Bolama ( Portuguese Guinea ) on the occasion of the second anniversary on December 17 following. On that occasion the crew was formed by Leonida Robbiano and the journalist Mario Massai.
 
The Ca.105 remained in staff at the Regia Aeronautica until October 14, 1934, the date on which it was involved in an accident that compromised its repair. Declared out of commission, it was sent for demolition.

Operators

Regia Aeronautica

Specifications (in airliner version)

See also

References

Ca.105
1930s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Caproni Ca.120. The Caproni Ca.120 was a three-engine monoplane bomber built by Caproni in the 1930s.

Design
The Ca.120 was a trimotor monoplane with a cantilevered high-wing configuration made of wood with two side members, equipped with compensated flaps and ailerons. The fuel tanks were placed between the two wing members. The wing lining was in plywood on the leading edge and in canvas for the remaining part. The fuselage, on the other hand, was made of welded steel tubes and presented the seat of the two pilots side by side on the leading edge of the wings. In addition, the wide fuselage behind the cockpit allowed a wide stowage of materials. The pointer was placed in front of a large glazed window under the seats of the two pilots. The central engine was placed at the front of the fuselage, which ended with adjustable tail empennage. The two wheels equipped with brakes were placed on amortized carriages placed under the side engines that were fixed to the wings at the front. The carriages were single axle with elastic strut and bracing on the main nodes of the fuselage. The rear wheel was amortized and adjustable.

Specifications

References

Ca.120
1930s Italian bomber aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Trimotors
Caproni Ca.127. The Caproni Ca.127 was a single-engine reconnaissance monoplane built by Caproni in the mid-1930s.

Design
The Ca.127 was a single engine for distant reconnaissance; it was built with a metal structure and a fuselage, with a rectangular section, built in welded steel tubes covered in canvas. The empennages are single-celled, made of steel tubes covered with painted canvas. The drift and fixed altitude plan were adjustable in flight. The partially cantilever wings rested each on a metal strut that anchored to a knot in the fuselage; they were built in a light-alloy metal structure of the monospar type covered in cloth.
 
The landing gear was of the double axle type; the shock absorber was connected to the side member of the wing at the stiffening strut of the same. The wheels were equipped with aerodynamic fairings and used medium pressure tires with expanding brakes. The tail pad was sprung, with a swiveling wheel.

The cabin was dual-controlled, with side-by-side seats, and the glazed hood was connected to the rear with the median section of the wing. In the cockpit there was a telegraphic transceiver, a camera, and a front-firing machine gun.

Based on results of flight tests, the Ca.127 was judged unfit to perform its intended role and did not enter production.

Specifications

References

Ca.127
Caproni Ca.142. The Caproni Ca.142 was a three-engined multirole aircraft built by Caproni in the mid-1930s.

Design
The Ca.142 was a high-wing trimotor monoplane which differed from the Caproni Ca.133 in having a new landing gear with the retractable front elements to replace the fixed one of its predecessor. Flight results expressed by the Ca.142 failed to achieve the desired results, and the Ca.142 in September 1937 was handed over to the Regia Aeronautica, which allocated it the registration MM 327.

Specifications

See also

References

Ca.142
Trimotors
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Iron law of processor performance. In computer architecture, the iron law of processor performance (or simply iron law of performance) describes the performance trade-off between complexity and the number of primitive instructions that processors use to perform calculations.  This formulation of the trade-off spurred the development of Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) whose instruction set architectures (ISAs) leverage a smaller set of core instructions to improve performance.  The term was coined by Douglas Clark based on research performed by Clark and Joel Emer in the 1980s.

Explanation 
The performance of a processor is the time it takes to execute a program: .  This can be further broken down into three factors:

Selection of an instruction set architecture affects , whereas  is largely determined by the manufacturing technology.  Classic Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) ISAs optimized  by providing a larger set of more complex CPU instructions.  Generally speaking, however, complex instructions inflate the number of clock cycles per instruction  because they must be decoded into simpler micro-operations actually performed by the hardware.  After converting X86 binary to the micro-operations used internally, the total number of operations is close to what is produced for a comparable RISC ISA.  The iron law of processor performance makes this trade-off explicit and pushes for optimization of as a whole, not just a single component.

While the iron law is credited for sparking the development of RISC architectures, it does not imply that a simpler ISA is always faster.  If that were the case, the fastest ISA would consist of simple binary logic.  A single CISC instruction can be faster than the equivalent set of RISC instructions when it enables multiple micro-operations to be performed in a single clock cycle.  In practice, however, the regularity of RISC instructions allowed a pipelined implementation where the total execution time of an instruction was (typically) ~5 clock cycles, but each instruction followed the previous instruction ~1 clock cycle later .  CISC processors can also achieve higher performance using techniques such as modular extensions, predictive logic, compressed instructions, and macro-operation fusion.

See also 

 Reduced instruction set computer
 Classic RISC pipeline

References

Computer architecture statements
Rules of thumb
Joanap. Joanap is a remote access tool that is a type of malware used by the government of North Korea. It is two-stage malware, meaning it is "dropped" by another software (in this case the Brambul worm, which was part of the charges against Park Jin Hyok in 2018). Joanap establishes peer-to-peer communications and is used to manage botnets that can enable other operations. On Windows devices that have been compromised it allows data exfiltration, to drop and run secondary payloads, initialization of proxy communications, file management, process management, creation/deletion of directories, and node management.

The US government believes HIDDEN COBRA (a US government term for malicious cyber activity conducted by North Korea) has most likely used Joanap, along with other malware like Brambul since at least 2009. According to the US government compromised IP addresses have been found in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Tunisia.

References

Crime in North Korea
Cyberattacks
Types of cyberattacks
Caproni Ca.53. The Caproni Ca.53 was an Italian prototype light bomber built in the last months of World War I.

Design
The Ca.53 was a single-engine, two-seat triplane with triple glazing and fixed undercarriage. The fuselage, of rectangular section, was made of a wooden structure covered with plywood panels and characterized by the presence of two open tandem cabins, the front reserved for the pilot and the rear for the tail gunner, the latter also equipped with a lower ventral position. Integrated into the structure were the compartment and the device to launch bombs. Posteriormente it ended in a classic mono-fletching drift characterized by a single horizontal plane braced by a pair of "V" rods on each side. The upper wing was mounted high parasol, the middle wing was mounted high on the fuselage, and the lower wing was mounted low on the fuselage; all the wings were equipped with ailerons and connected to each other by three uprights on the side integrated with steel cables. 

The landing gear was fixed, mounted on a tubular structure underneath the fuselage, equipped with large diameter wheels and a mechanical device that had been lapped and integrated laterally by a support shoe positioned under the tail.

Development
In 1917, the Royal Military Aviation Technical Directorate issued a specification for the supply of a new bombing aircraft capable of carrying a 400 kg war load in bombs at a speed of 200 km/h. Giovanni Battista Caproni responded with a triplane design with a classic, single engine propeller design with wooden structure covered in plywood and treated canvas, characterized by the triple gliding suitable for light bombardment, fast aerial reconnaissance and hunting.

The Ca.53 was completed in 1918 and first flew that same year at the Taliedo airfield. The model, which in its first phase of development was equipped with different engines, aroused the interest of the US and British armed forces. The installation of a more powerful 700 bhp Fiat A.14 engine (515 kW) was also envisaged, with which it was expected to reach a top speed of 240 km/h. However, probably due to the need to give priority the construction of the large bombers and disappointing performance, the Ca.53 did not enter production.
 
After WW1, Caproni proposed two civilian derivatives of the Ca.53, the four-passenger Ca.54 airliner and the Ca.55 floatplane. However, those projects remained on the drawing board due to the serious downturn in the aviation market after WW1.

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

 

Ca.053
1910s Italian bomber aircraft
Triplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Norman W. V. Hayes Medal. The Norman W. V. Hayes Medal was awarded by the Institution of Radio and Electronics Engineers (IREE), Australia, annually for the most meritorious paper published in the Proceedings of the Institution of Radio and Electronics Engineers Australia during the preceding year. Adjudication alternated between the Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (New  York) and the Institution of Electrical Engineers (London). It was named in honour of Norman William Victor Hayes (1891-1950) who was originally communications engineer at the Postmaster-General's Department, and then later president of the Institution of Radio and  Electronics Engineers until his death. The inaugural medal was in 1951.

Recipients
 1951 Donald Gordon Lindsay, AWA
 1960 Albert Jakob Seyler,  University of Melbourne
 1964 Albert Jakob Seyler,  University of Melbourne
 1968 Albert Neville Thiele, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
 1968 Thomas Albert Pascoe, Philips Electrical
 1970 Albert Neville Thiele, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
 1971 Alan M. Fowler, Telecom Research Laboratories
 1972 Harro Brueggemann, Graeme Kidd, Lawerence K. (Laurie) Mackechnie, and Albert Jakob Seyler, Australian Post Office Research Laboratories
 1978 Edward M. Cherry,  Monash University
 1980 Robert Henry (Bob) Frater, CSIRO
 1980 David James Skellern, Macquarie University
 1981 Harry E. Green, University of New South Wales
 1982 Peter J. Hall, University of Tasmania, Phillip Alexander (Pip) Hamilton, Deakin University, and Peter M. McCulloch
 1989 Bruce R. Davis, University of Adelaide
 1992 Albert Neville Thiele, University of New South Wales

See also
 List of engineering awards
 List of prizes named after people

References

Australian science and technology awards
Engineering awards
Awards established in 1951
1951 establishments in Australia
Daimler CL.I. The Daimler CL.I was a prototype two-seat fighter built in Germany during World War I.

Design and development
The CL.I was built by the Daimler Motorengesellschaft Werke with the internal designation L8. It first flew in 1917 but did not enter production, although in 1919, it was marketed for export to the Chilean Air Force.

Specifications

References

Further reading

 

1910s German fighter aircraft
L8
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Donald H. Sinnott. Donald Hugh Sinnott is an Australian engineer and academic notable in the area of radar.  His expertise is in applied electromagnetics, including radio and radar systems, antennas and radio propagation, signal processing and global navigation satellite systems (GPS and related systems). He played a major role in development of Australia's Jindalee over-the-horizon radar system.

Early life and education
He received his PhD from Syracuse University, in 1972, under Roger F. Harrington.

Career and research
As a researcher in radio and radar technologies, he worked for many years at DST, supporting and advising Australia's Department of Defence. He played a major role in Australia's development of over-the-horizon radar, embodied in Australia's world-leading Jindalee project, before moving to senior defence management positions.

He was Chief of a number of Australia's Defence Science and Technology Group research Divisions in sensing and IT disciplines (1987–2000), the Department of Defence's Canberra-based First Assistant Secretary Science Policy (1995–1997), CEO of the Cooperative Research Centre for Sensor Signal and Information Processing and Company Board Chairman of the CRC's spin-off companies (2000–2003).  He is currently a board member for the CRC on Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE).

He is an adjunct professor with the University of Adelaide, Australia, where he has taught and supervised higher-degree students. He's a fellow of Engineers Australia and IEEE. In 2014 he was awarded the M. A. Sargent Medal, for which the citation refers to his 'eminence and leadership' in his field.

He authored the book Radar Men: A. P. Rowe and John Strath in War and Peace, in 2016.

Honours and awards
M. A. Sargent Medal (2014)

References

External links
  Radar Men

Australian electrical engineers
Living people
People from Adelaide
Syracuse University College of Engineering and Computer Science alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Recipients of the M. A. Sargent Medal
Year of birth missing (living people)
Microwave engineers
People associated with radar
Pramod Thomas. Pramod Thomas is an Indian audio engineer and sound designer from Pandalam, Kerala. He is best known for his work on Hindi and Malayalam films such as Anurag Kashyap's Dev.D (2009) and Shankar's Enthiran (2010). After graduating from the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune, he started his career in sound simultaneously in the Malayalam, Hindi and Tamil film industry since his debut in the late 1990s. 

He has worked as sound engineer and/or sound designer for films across the country including Rituparno Ghosh's Raincoat (2004). He proved his commitment and sound perspective in Tamil and Malayalam films Other films include Veettilekkulla Vazhi (2011), Kismath (2018), Kaadu Pookkunna Neram (2016), Rakshadhikari Baiju Oppu (2017) and Eeda (2018).

Recognition 
Pramod Thomas won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Sound Design.

Filmography

References

External links

Kerala State Film Awards - Full List of Winners

1960 births
Living people
Film musicians from Kerala
Film and Television Institute of India alumni
People from Pathanamthitta district
Indian sound designers
21st-century Indian composers
Blériot-SPAD S.25. 

The Bleriot-SPAD S.25 was a single-seater long-distance airplane built at the request of Leith Jensen who wanted to connect Newfoundland to Iceland.

Design
The S.25 was a biplane with a monocoque fuselage of wood and canvas construction and was to have a watertight fuselage and quick emptying tanks were to be used as floats, where appropriate. Jensen's bid to fly from Newfoundland to Iceland was abandoned after the feat of Alcook and Brown, so the S.25 flew on August 29, 1921 as a sports aircraft.

Specifications

See also

References

1920s French aircraft
SPAD aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Rotary-engined aircraft
Blériot-SPAD S.26. 

The Bleriot-SPAD S.26 was a seaplane racer aircraft built in the late 1910s.

Design
The S.26 was a biplane with a monocoque fuselage of wood and canvas construction as well as floats. Although intended to take part in the 1919 Schneider Cup, a puncture in one of the floats during flight testing eliminated it from the Schneider Cup.

Specifications

See also

References

SPAD aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Blériot-SPAD S.30. 

The Bleriot-SPAD S.30 was a French sports aircraft built in the early 1920s.

Design
The S.30 was a biplane with a monocoque fuselage of wood and canvas construction. It was the first French aircraft to be built and equipped with a NACA cover. In September 1920, after initial flight tests, it was re-engined with a Le Rhone engine and redesignated S.30bis.

Specifications

See also

References

SPAD aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1920
Blériot-SPAD S.41. The Blériot-SPAD S.41 was a French fighter aircraft developed in the early 1920s.

Design and development
The S.41 was a refinement of the S.XX and was a single-seat fighter biplane which had a monocoque fuselage made of wood. The wings, on the other hand, were made of wood and metal. In 1924, the S.41 was converted to a racer and redesignated S.41bis.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

Fighter aircraft
Biplanes
1920s French fighter aircraft
S.41
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Blériot-SPAD S.28. The Bleriot-SPAD S.28 was a long-range record-breaking aircraft developed by SPAD in the late 1910s. It was a biplane with a monocoque fuselage, and was made of wood and canvas.

Specifications

See also

References

1910s French aircraft
SPAD aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Blériot-SPAD S.32. 

The Bleriot-SPAD S.32 was a record-breaking aircraft built by SPAD in the early 1920s.

Design
The S.32 was a biplane with a monocoque fuselage of wood and canvas construction. Its engine was equipped with a device to vary the compression ratio to reduce the power loss caused by altitude.

Specifications

See also

References

1920s French aircraft
SPAD aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1921
Anna Ploszajski. Anna Ploszajski (born 1991) is a materials scientist, engineer, and writer. Her book, Handmade: A Scientist's Search for Meaning Through Making, was published by Bloomsbury Publishing in 2021.

Education and career
Ploszajski attended Dame Alice Harpur School (now part of Bedford Girls' School) choosing to study A-Level mathematics, further mathematics, physics and music. She went on to study at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Ploszajski was a post-doc Research Fellow at the Institute of Making, University College London, specialising in the research of 4D printing and metamaterials. In addition, she presents on stage, radio and TV and writes about science. Her debut book, Handmade: A Scientist's Search for Meaning Through Making, was published by Bloomsbury Sigma, the popular science imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing, in 2021.

In 2017, she was named Young Engineer of the Year by the Royal Academy of Engineering, and in 2018 won the Silver Medal from the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.

Personal life
The BBC talk show The Naked Scientists interviewed Ploszajski in 2021 on her experience as a cold water swimmer.

References

People educated at Dame Alice Harpur School
People associated with University College London
Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford
1991 births
Living people
Blériot-SPAD S.58. The Blériot-SPAD S.58 was a French racing aircraft developed in the early 1920s.

Design and development
The S.58 was derived from the S.41 and was a single-seat racer biplane which was made from wood and canvas. Although the S.58 was built for the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe of 1922, the pilot, Jean Casale, quickly gave up following the failure of one of the S.58's radiators.

Specifications

See also

References

Biplanes
S.58
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Blériot-SPAD S.70. The Blériot-SPAD S.70 was a French fighter aircraft developed in the late 1920s.

Design and development
The S.70 was the second prototype of the S.60, being a two-seat biplane fighter of all-wood construction with a canvas coating and a monocoque fuselage.

Specifications

See also

References

Fighter aircraft
Biplanes
1920s French fighter aircraft
S.70
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Blériot-SPAD S.60. The Blériot-SPAD S.60 was a French fighter aircraft developed in the late 1920s.

Design and development
The S.60 was a two-seat biplane fighter of all-wood construction with a canvas coating and a monocoque fuselage. The upper wing was backswept, while the lower wing was unswept. Three prototypes were ordered on December 24, 1925, and the first prototype flew on June 26, 1926, but stability problems meant that the S.60 was rejected for production in favor of the improved S.70.

Specifications

See also

References

 

Fighter aircraft
Biplanes
1920s French fighter aircraft
S.60
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Blériot XXXVI Torpille. The Blériot XXXVI Torpille was an observation monoplane designed in France by Louis Bleriot during the early 1910s. The Blériot XXXVIbis La Vache was operated by Jules Védrines on several daring missions behind enemy lines in the early months of the war.

Specifications

References

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Blériot aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1912