omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Japan Robot Association. The  (JARA) is a trade association made up of companies in Japan that develop and manufacture robot technology. It was formed in 1971, as the Industrial Robot Conversazione and was the world's first robot association. The association was reorganized and renamed as the Japan Industrial Robot Association (JIRA) in 1972, and was formally incorporated in 1973. The name of the association was changed again in 1994 to its current one to accommodate non-industrial robots such as personal robots. Its headquarters are in Tokyo.

The Japan Robot Association aims to advance the growth of the robot manufacturing industry by encouraging research and development on robots and related system products, and promoting the use of robot technology in industry and society.

The activities of the Japan Robot Association include organizing the International Robot Exhibition (IREX) every two years in Tokyo, the Jisso Process Technology Exhibition every year, and hosting the ORiN (Open Robot interface for the Network) Forum to promote standard network access to robots and programmable machines. It is also a member of the International Federation of Robotics (IFR).

Members include Japanese robot manufacturers like Denso, FANUC, Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Panasonic Corporation, Sony, Toshiba, Yamaha Motor Company, Yaskawa Electric Corporation. Also some non Japanese industrial robot suppliers are members of JARA: ABB, KUKA and Stäubli.

See also
 Robotic Industries Association, the corresponding US trade group.

References

External links
  
  

Robotics organizations
Professional associations based in Japan
Organizations established in 1971
Robotics in Japan
1971 establishments in Japan
Lewis (satellite). Lewis was an American satellite which was to have been operated by NASA as part of the Small Satellite Technology Initiative. It carried two experimental Earth imaging instruments, and an ultraviolet astronomy payload. Due to a design flaw it failed within three days of reaching orbit, before it became operational.

Lewis was a  spacecraft, which was designed to operate for between one and three years. It was built by TRW under a contract which was signed on 11 July 1994. Its primary instruments were the Hyperspectral Imager, the Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array and the Ultraviolet Cosmic Background experiment. A number of technology demonstration payloads were also flown.

Launch
Lewis was launched by a LMLV-1 (Athena I) rocket flying from Space Launch Complex 6 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base. The launch was originally scheduled to take place in September 1996, but it was delayed due to technical problems affecting the rocket. Launch finally occurred at 06:51:01 GMT on 23 August 1997, and Lewis was successfully placed into a parking orbit with an apogee of , a perigee of , and 97.5 degrees of inclination. Lewis was to have raised itself into a higher orbit, at an altitude of .

Mission failure
On 26 August, the satellite began spinning out of control at a rate of 2 rpm, which led to a loss of communications with ground controllers, and affected the ability of its solar arrays to generate power. Controllers were unable to regain contact with the spacecraft, and it was declared a total loss. It reentered the atmosphere at 11:58 GMT on 28 September 1997. The cause of the failure was later established to be a design flaw in the spacecraft's attitude control system, which had been designed for the TOMS-EP spacecraft and was not sufficiently modified to be compatible with Lewis.

See also

 1997 in spaceflight

References

Spacecraft launched in 1997
USNS Fall River. USNS Fall River (JHSV-4/T-EPF-4) is the fourth , which is operated by the United States Navys Military Sealift Command (MSC).  Fall River was built by Austal USA in Mobile, Alabama.

Capabilities

The EPF will be able to transport US Army and US Marine Corps company-sized units with their vehicles, or reconfigure to become a troop transport for an infantry battalion.

It will have a flight deck for helicopter operations and a loading ramp that will allow vehicles to quickly drive on and off the ship. The ramp will be suitable for the types of austere piers and quay walls common in developing countries. EPF will have a shallow draft (under ).

Construction and career 
On 23 March 2010, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced in Fall River, Massachusetts that the fourth Expeditionary Fast Transport will be named USNS Fall River.  Because the ship will be operated by the Military Sealift Command and not the United States Navy itself, it will carry the USNS prefix instead of USS.

The ship was christened on 11 January 2014 by First Lady of Massachusetts, Diane Bemus Patrick, at Austal USA's Shipyard in Mobile, Alabama. The ship was launched seven days later on 16 January. Fall River completed acceptance trials on 25 July 2014.  Following delivery and Final Contract Trials (FCT) later in the year, Fall River was accepted into MSC service on 15 September 2014.

References

External links

Transports of the United States Navy
Spearhead-class Joint High Speed Vessels
2014 ships
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. ITU Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering was founded as an individual department in School of Mechanical Engineering in 1943. It was reorganized in 1971 as a separate school. Faculty has its own library in addition to Mustafa Inan Library.

The faculty has two departments today:
 Naval architecture and marine engineering
 Ocean engineering

References

External links 
 ITU School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Official website
 Faculty bulletin, Turkish
 Muavenet

Istanbul Technical University
Marine engineering organizations
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ITU Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, founded in 1983, is the 11th school of Istanbul Technical University. Three departments were engaged to the faculty, which are Aeronautical Engineering, Astronautical engineering, and Meteorological Engineering. Aeronautical Engineering Department was established as a branch training aeronautical engineers in the Mechanical Engineering Faculty in 1941, and then in 1944 became a department of the Mechanical Engineering Faculty. Meteorological Engineering Department was established in 1953 in the Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. It is the only Meteorological Engineering department in Turkey.

See also 
 ITUpSAT1, first Turkish cubesat

References

External links 
 ITU School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, official website
 Aeronautical Engineering
 Meteorological Engineering 
 Astronautical Engineering
 Faculty on press
 Faculty bulletin
 ITU School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, official website (Tr)

Aeronautical engineering schools
Istanbul Technical University
4A Engine. The 4A Engine is a graphics middleware engine developed by 4A Games for use in its video games Metro 2033, Metro: Last Light, Metro Exodus, and Arktika.1. It supports Direct3D APIs 9 through 12, OpenGL 3.2, Nvidia PhysX, and Nvidia 3D Vision.

Development
The engine was developed in Ukraine by a set of people who split off from GSC Game World a year before the release of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl, notably Oles Shishkovtsov and Oleksandr Maksimchuk, the programmers who worked on the development of the X-Ray engine used in the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. video game series. The engine itself is capable of running on PC, the Xbox 360, and the PlayStation 3.

Shishkovtsov and his colleagues split from the development of S.T.A.L.K.E.R because that "its inherent inability to be multi-threaded, the weak and error-prone networking model, and simply awful resource and memory management which prohibited any kind of streaming or simply keeping the working set small enough for 'next-gen' consoles" along with its "terrible text-based scripting", which he explained led to the delays in the original game.

The engine is multi-threaded such that only PhysX had a dedicated thread and uses a task-model without any pre-conditioning or pre/post-synchronising, allowing tasks to be done in parallel. When the Xbox 360 iteration had been measured during development, they were running it at "approximately 3,000 tasks per 30ms frame on Xbox 360 on CPU-intensive scenes with all hardware threads at 100 percent load". Shishkovtsov also said that the GeForce 6 series architecture of the RSX Reality Synthesizer in the PlayStation 3 proved to be very useful during development noted that there were many "wasted cycles". The engine can utilise a deferred shading pipeline, and uses tesselation for greater performance, and also has HDR (complete with blue shift), real-time reflections, colour correction, film grain and noise, and the engine also supports multi-core rendering.

The 4A Engine implementation of Metro 2033 features volumetric fog, double PhysX precision, object blur, sub-surface scattering for skin shaders, parallax mapping on all surfaces and greater geometric detail with a less aggressive LOD(s).

Using PhysX, the engine uses many features such as destructible environments, and cloth and water simulations, and particles that can be fully affected by environmental factors. The audio in the engine features 3D sound positioning, spatialisation and attenuation.

Controversy
There have been accusations that the 4A Engine is a modified version of the X-Ray engine used in the S.T.A.L.K.E.R series, instead of an original development. 4A denied the accusations. Shishkovtsov also noted that porting the original engine to consoles would have proved extremely difficult.

Games using 4A Engine
 Metro 2033 (2010)
 Metro: Last Light (2013)
 Metro Redux (2014)
 Arktika.1 (2017)
 Metro Exodus (2019)

References

Further reading

2010 software
3D graphics software
Game engines for Linux
Global illumination software
Metro 2033
Proprietary software
Video game engines
Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment. Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co., Ltd. (, abbreviated BSR), also known as the Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Factory () is a subway rolling stock design, manufacture, assembly and maintenance facility in Beijing, China.  It was founded in 1960 and is a subsidiary of the Beijing Rail Transit Technology and Equipment Group Co. Ltd.   The factory provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services for the Beijing Subway and Tianjin Metro.  The plant refurbished the DK16 and DK20 trains for the Beijing Subway. BSR is one of two non-CRRC urban rail transit rolling stock manufacturer in mainland China as of 2024, the other being Shanghai Alstom Transportation Equipment.

The factory is linked by a crossover to Songjiazhuang Depot of Line 5, Beijing Subway (north of the depot) and is also linked by another crossover (south of the factory) to the  of China Railway.

See also
 Beijing Subway
 Beijing Subway Rolling Stock

References

External links

  

Beijing Subway
Tianjin Metro
Rolling stock manufacturers of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Integral sliding mode. In 1996, V. Utkin and J. Shi proposed an improved sliding control method named integral sliding mode control (ISMC). In contrast with conventional sliding mode control, the system motion under integral sliding mode has a dimension equal to that of the state space. In ISMC, the system trajectory always starts from the sliding surface.
Accordingly, the reaching phase is eliminated, and robustness in the whole state space is promised.

Control scheme
For a system ,  bounded uncertainty.

Mathews and DeCarlo [1] suggested to select an integral sliding surface as 
 

In this case there exists a unit or discontinuous sliding mode controller compensating uncertainty .

Utkin and Shi [2] have remarked that, if  is guaranteed, the reaching phase is eliminated.

In the case, when unmatched uncertainties occur  should be selected as  
where  is a pseudo inverse matrix [3-5].

References

1.G.P. Matthews, R.A. DeCarlo, Decentralized tracking for a class of interconnected
nonlinear systems using variable structure control. Automatica 24,
187–193 (1988)

2. V.I. Utkin, J. Shi, Integral sliding mode in systems operating under uncertainty
conditions, in Proceedings of the 35th IEEE-CDC, Kobe, Japan, 1996

3. Y. Shtessel, C. Edwards, L. Fridman, A. Levant. Sliding Mode Control and Observation, Series: Control Engineering, Birkhauser: Basel, 2014, ISBN 978-0-81764-8923.
 
4.	L. Fridman, A. Poznyak, F.J. Bejarano. Robust Output LQ Optimal Control via Integral Sliding Modes. Birkhäuser Basel, 2014, ISBN 978-0-8176-4961-6. 

5. Rubagotti, M.; Estrada, A.; Castaños, F.; Ferrara, A., L. Fridman. Integral Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Systems With Matched and Unmatched Perturbations IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2011, Vol. 56, 11, pp. 2699-2704

Control theory
Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology. The Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology (BIPT; ) is a municipal public college in Daxing, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Beijing and funded by the Beijing Municipal People's Government.

The predecessor of the college is Beijing Petrochemical College founded in 1978 and the Second Branch of the Beijing Chemical Engineering College. In 1985, the school was placed under the management of China Petrochemical Corporation. In 1992, the school established the Beijing Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering College on the basis of Beijing Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering Senior Vocational College. In 2000, the school was placed under the funding and management of the Beijing Municipal People's Government.

Colleges and departments
Chemical Engineering College
Mechanical Engineering College
Information Engineering College
School of Economics and Management
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Material Science and Engineering Department
Mathematics and Physics Department
Foreign Languages Department
Department of Physical Education
Engineering Education Center
International Education College
Continuing Education College

Activities
The Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology own a practice base in Yanshan Petrochemical Group, which is located in Fangshan District. Students from chemical industry majors of BIPT come to the base every year for field work based in the factory. Students of other majors also have a chance to visit the factory for one time during their college life. This is to deepen their understanding of theoretical knowledge and strengthen their competence.

International cooperation
The BIPT has established a long-term stable cooperative relationship with some overseas universities; these universities sent students to each other to enhance academic exchanges every year.
Some of the cooperated universities:
UK University of the West of Scotland
France ESME Sudria
France  ESIEE-AMIENS
Germany University of Duisburg-Essen
Norway Narvik University College
US Columbus State University
US St. Cloud State University

In 2014, the BIPT will open a new Mastère en sciences course in partnership with ESME Sudria.

Future development
Two separated campuses in Tsingyuan and Kangzhuang have long time been a bottleneck in the university's evolution, the opening of Line 4, Beijing Subway and the construction of Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway has galloped local real estate price and which made a further expansion harder than ever. A decision in spring 2011 will compel the Economic and Management College garrison in Kangzhuang campus along while other ten colleges move to Tsingyuan campus, but students and professors of E&M College have been complaining the poor conditions and dispossessed surroundings of Kangzhuang campus.

References

External links
 Official website
 Alumni Association

Universities and colleges in Beijing
Buildings and structures in Daxing District
Universities and colleges established in 1978
1978 establishments in China
1978 in Beijing
IMPS College of Engineering and Technology. IMPS College of Engineering and Technology (or Impscet) is an engineering and management college located in Malda, West Bengal, India. The college was established in 2003. It provides engineering, technological and management education. The college is an AICTE-approved institution and is affiliated to the West Bengal University of Technology.

Organisation and administration

Governance
Members of Governing Body
 Mr. B. Bhattacharjee, chairman,
 Dr. B.P. Sarkar, Director,
 Dr. Nemailal Tarafder, Principal,
 Mr A. Chakrabarty, Administrative Officer,
 Eastern Regional Officer, AICTE- Regional Officer, Kolkata,
 Superintendent Engineer, WBSEB, Malda,
 Vice-Chancellor or nominee, WBUT, Kolkata, West Bengal,
 Dr. Sajal Dasgupta, Director of Technical Education, Higher Education Dept., Government of West Bengal,
 Vice-Chancellor or nominee BIT, Mesra.

Academics

Courses offered

Undergraduate programme
Bachelor of Engineering (B.Tech.)
 Civil engineering-120
 Electronics and Communication Engineering-60
 Electrical Engineering-60
 Computer Sciences Engineering-60

Library
The library has a collection of books and journals in the area of Electronics, Computer Science, Information Technology and related subjects like Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. The library is housed on a complete floor with reading, reference and borrowing sections. The library has 6500 volumes of books and national and international journals. The library also provides a reach collection of all prominent newspapers and magazines.

Soft Skill Development Facilities
The approach of the Training and Placement Department is multi-fold:
 Train or provide exposure to students in specific software.
 Identify potential employers, 
 Approach and convince them to interview and select the students of the college.
 Training the teaching faculty to enhance their teaching capabilities.

Laboratories
The labs are:
 Computer Science Lab
 Electronics & Communication Lab
 Electrical Lab
 Information Technology Lab

Student life

Competitions
 IMPSCET participated in a Robotics competition and won the 3rd prize all over the West Bengal (2007)

Hostels
To provide boarding and lodging facilities, the college possess a boys' hostel and a separate girls' hostel. The accommodation capacity of boys and girls are 600 and 225 respectively. Facilities in the hostels include kitchens, safe drinking water, dining halls, a separate faculty room, mess and reading room. Hostel rooms have attached bath and toilet.

College events
Apart from academic events, the college calendar has twor major events:

 The Freshers Welcome is organized to introduce first year students to college life. The freshers welcome titled CORONATION has seen students' performances.
 Annual Cultural Fest

References
 Official website of IMPS Corps (www.impscet.net )
 Official email website of IMPS Corps (www.impscet.in )

External links
 IMPS Engineering College Official website

Educational institutions established in 2003
Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
Education in Malda district
Universities and colleges in Malda district
2003 establishments in West Bengal
Tupolev ANT-10. The Tupolev ANT-10 (also known as the R-7) was a prototype single-engined light bomber/reconnaissance aircraft of the 1930s. Only a single example was built, the Polikarpov R-5 being preferred.

Development and design

In 1928, the design bureau led by Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov produced the R-5 to replace the R-1, an unlicensed copy of the Airco DH.9A, which was the Soviet Union's standard light reconnaissance aircraft/bomber. As a response, the design bureau led by Andrei Tupolev produced a rival replacement for the R-1, based on Tupolev's earlier Tupolev R-3. Like the R-3, the new design, the ANT-10 was a single-engined sesquiplane with a duralumin structure, but with a much larger upper wing (based on that of the I-4 fighter). Like the R-5, it was powered by an imported BMW VI engine. It could carry 500 kg (1,100 lb) of bombs in an internal bomb-bay.

The ANT-10 (which received the Soviet Air Force designation R-7) made its first flight on 30 January 1930, but its performance was little better than the R-5, while the R-5's wooden structure was advantageous at a time of metal shortages. The type was therefore abandoned later in the year in favour of the R-5.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 Duffy, Paul and Andrei Kandalov. Tupolev,: The Man and His Aircraft. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1996. .
 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London:Osprey, 1995. .

1930s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
ANT-10
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930
Dongxing Coal Mining Co fire. The Dongxing Coal Mining Co. fire was an incident that began on Monday, March 15, 2010, in the main pit of Dongxing Coal Mining Co, Xinmi, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China. Twenty-five miners died during the incident which, among other things, resulted in four local officials being removed from office.

The fire began at 8:30 PM on Monday when electrical cables in the main pit caught on fire. At the time, 31 workers were in the mine and six were saved in the rescue operation that ended at around 2:00 AM the following morning. The mine was being renovated to increase its annual output to 150,000 tons from 60,000.

Shuhe Wang, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety, said that mines that are being rebuilt were strictly forbidden from producing coal, but the Dongxing Coal Mining Co had ignored the ban and resumed production without a license. Wang blamed the incident on coal safety officials' lack of supervision.

The Xinmi government acted quickly to crack down on company officials and government officials who should have prevented the disaster: Yingxi Su, a vice-mayor of Xinmi, Ruihui Fan, governor of Niudian township, Xinxian Zhu, a township official in charge of work safety, and Guoqi Pei, a deputy director of the Xinmi Coal Mine Bureau, were removed from office; three work safety inspectors who were responsible for overseeing the mine were dismissed; and Mancang Fu of Dongxing Coal Mining Co along with three directors were placed under criminal detention. The personal accounts of Fu and the three company directors were frozen as were the company's accounts.

The dead miners were identified as migrants from Henan, Anhui and Sichuan provinces.

References 
  

Coal mining disasters in China
2010 mining disasters
2010 disasters in China
Zhengzhou
Fires in China
2010 fires in Asia
March 2010 in China
Tungsten steel. Tungsten steel is any steel that has tungsten as its alloying element with characteristics derived mostly from the presence of this element (as opposed to any other element in the alloy).  Common alloys have between 2% and 18% tungsten by weight along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium which together create an alloy with exceptional heat, corrosion, and wear resistance.  Tungsten is one of the oldest elements used for alloying steel. It forms a very hard carbide and iron tungstite.  High tungsten content in the alloy, however, tends to cause brittleness and makes it subject to fracturing rather than bending.  The SAE designation for all tungsten steels consist of four numbers beginning with the number 7, in the format 7XXX.

Tungsten steel is used for manufacturing micro-drill bits, high-durability self-sharpening rotary cutting blades, and rocket engine nozzles, among many other applications.

References

 Steel alloys