omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chen Nengkuan. Chen Nengkuan (; 28 April 1923 – 27 May 2016), or N. K. Chen, was a Chinese metallurgist and material scientist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one of the 23 founding fathers of China's Two Bombs, One Satellite ().

Biography
Chen was born in Cili County, Hunan. 

He graduated from the mining and metallurgy department of National Tangshan Jiaotong University (now Southwest Jiaotong University) in 1946. He was admitted to a self-financed study abroad program sponsored by the government and then traveled to the United States for graduate studies in 1947. He received a master's degree in 1948 and a Doctor of Philosophy in metallurgy from Yale University in 1950. He worked for Johns Hopkins University and Westinghouse Electric as a researcher after his graduation.

He returned to the People's Republic of China in 1955 after the Korean War ended and was assigned work at Institute of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was one of the key contributors to the Chinese nuclear weapon programs. Chen was elected as academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. In 1999, he was awarded "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Award" for his contribution on atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb.

Chen died on 27 May 2016 at the age of 93 in Beijing.

References

1923 births
2016 deaths
Chinese metallurgists
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
People from Zhangjiajie
Physicists from Hunan
Yali High School alumni
Southwest Jiaotong University alumni
Yale University alumni
Carbon Canyon Regional Park. Carbon Canyon Regional Park (or simply Carbon Canyon Park) is a regional park in Brea, California, that was created after the Carbon Canyon Creek was dammed. It links up with Chino Hills State Park on the east side. The park also is home to a small forest of Redwood trees, which have been struggling to survive since the start of the 2010 California drought.

History 
The park area used to be the town of Olinda just before the 1880s. When a dam on Carbon Canyon Creek was built to prevent flooding, the area became a park.

The lake in the center of the park was rebuilt in 2014 due to reduced water quality and capacity, which resulted in OC Parks not being able to stock the lake with fish. Demolition of the existing lake began on July 14, 2014. The lake had to be drained completely in order for heavy equipment to be used to remove approximately 9,500 cubic yards of silt. The silt had accumulated under the lake over the course of 17 years from runoff and wildfires. Removal of the silt was started in August 2014. Removal was completed in October 2014 and the process of refilling the lake started. Fish were stocked approximately a month after the refilling was completed.

Redwood Grove 
A  of Coastal Sequoia redwood trees reside within the park's boundaries and is host to various species of birds, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks and fauna. The grove was threatened in 2008 by the Triangle Fire and by the California drought from 2010 to 2016. 

The staff at Carbon Canyon Park have met with specialists from UC Irvine and Disneyland in order to put a new system in place to sustain the grove through drought. One tree was cut down in 2015 due to it being sick and near death.

Facilities 
Carbon Canyon Regional Park has the following facilities:

 Cross Country course (Cal State Fullerton)
 Tennis courts
 Volleyball courts
 Playgrounds
 Man-made lake
 Fishing platforms
 Restrooms
 Outdoor shelters
 Nature, horse, hiking trails

The park is used by people who want to have picnics or to celebrate holidays. The hiking trail to the Redwood forest also attracts hikers. It is also a frequent training and competitive area for various cross country teams.

Fire fighting 

The lake in the park is often used to fill fire fighting helicopters when responding to fires in the area.

It was used during the Triangle Fire in 2008 as the fire was threatening the eastern side of the city of Brea; including the Hollydale, Olinda Village, and Olinda Ranch communities, alongside Carbon Canyon Regional Park.

References 

Brea, California
Parks in Orange County, California
Regional parks in California
College cross country courses in the United States
Cross country running courses in California
Cal State Fullerton Titans cross country
Coast redwood groves
Paul O'Brien (chemist). Paul O'Brien  (22 January 1954 – 16 October 2018) was professor of Inorganic Materials at the University of Manchester. where he served as head of the School of Chemistry from 2004 to 2009 and head of the School of Materials from 2011 to 2015. He died on 16 October 2018 at the age of 64.

Education
O'Brien was educated at Cardinal Langley Grammar School in Middleton, Greater Manchester and the University of Liverpool where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1975. He went on to complete a PhD at University College, Cardiff in 1978 with a thesis on the catalysis of the racemisation of amino acids supervised by Robert D. Gillard.

Research
O'Brien was an inorganic materials scientist focusing on developing new chemical processes for manufacturing thin films and nanoparticles. Amongst these are chemical vapour deposition techniques for compounds containing sulphur or selenium, and a very simple method for making quantum dots – semiconductor nanocrystals that show quantum behaviour.

He collaborated on projects with physicists, computer scientists and electronic and electrical engineers. His interest in the toxicity of metal ions led to collaborations and publications with toxicologists, pharmacists and clinicians. He was an advocate of communicating science to a wider audience and gave popular talks – usually on nanotechnology – including Café Scientifique and school lectures. He edited several books, including a series on nanotechnology for the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).

In 2001 he founded the spin-off company, NanoCo Technologies, to commercialise the manufacture of quantum dots not containing heavy metals.

O'Brien was passionate about international development and over two decades he worked tirelessly to encourage excellence in teaching and learning across Africa, with very strong ties to the University of Zululand. His efforts changed the lives of many young African scientists and his students called him their “Father of Chemistry”.

Awards and honours
O'Brien's awards include the Kroll Award, the  Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3)'s Sir Colin Humphreys Award (for outreach) and Platinum Medal, the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) Gold Medal, the RSC's first Peter Day Award, and honorary degrees from the University of Zululand, the University of Liverpool and the University of Aveiro. O'Brien was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013, his certificate of election reads: 

In 2016, O'Brien was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to science and engineering, received the RSC Longstaff Prize and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng).

He was elected as a member of the Academia Europaea in 2018.

References

1954 births
2018 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
British chemists
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Members of Academia Europaea
Bhungroo. Bhungroo (meaning "straw" in Gujarati) is an innovative water harvesting technique for irrigation introduced by Indian women farmers. It frees excess water from flood prone and waterlogged farmland by drawing all the excess water underground and making land accessible for farming.

Advantages
The water stored during rainy season in unsaturated layers of soils can be pumped for farming in dry season, hence farmers can have dual season farming.

Disadvantages
The direct injection of runoff water can also carry unused fertilizers and pesticides remaining in the soil. This leads to contamination of subsurface aquifers.

The farm chemicals containing urea can also alter pH of subsurface water and pollute the water.

References

Agriculture in India
Appropriate technology
Water conservation
Bisphenol F. Bisphenol F (BPF; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is structurally related to bisphenol A (BPA), a popular precursor for forming plastics, as both belong to the category of molecules known as bisphenols, which feature two phenol groups connected via a linking group. In BPF, the two aromatic rings are linked by a methylene connecting group. In response to concern about the health effects of BPA, BPF is increasingly used as a substitute for BPA.

Uses
BPF is used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins. It is used in the production of tank and pipe linings, industrial flooring, road and bridge deck toppings, structural adhesives, grouts, coatings and electrical varnishes. BPF is also utilized in liners, lacquers, adhesives, plastics, and the coating of drinks and food cans. BPF is found in dental materials, such as restorative materials, liners, adhesives, oral prosthetic devices and tissue substitutes.

Biological effects

Pharmacokinetics 
BPF undergoes two primary phase II biotransformations to form the corresponding glucuronide and sulfate.

Hormonal effects 
BPF has estrogenic, progesteronic, and anti-androgenic effects. The overarching implications of these hormonal changes for humans are decreases in testosterone secretions, especially in male testes, and increases in the activity of estrogen. The effects are greatest in the fetal testis, which is primed to be more easily affected due to its plasticity and massive period of growth.  "Exposure s in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary".

Environmental contamination
BPF is pervasive in the environment, appearing in river water, drinking water, and agricultural soil samples.  Biodegradation appears to be the most promising route for removal of BPA and related bisphenols.  One degradation process converts BPA to the corresponding benzophenone , which is relatively labile.

References

Bisphenols
Endocrine disruptors
Estrogens
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
4-Hydroxyphenyl compounds
Anne van Kesteren. Anne van Kesteren is an open web standards author and open source contributor.  He has written and edits several web standards specifications including Fullscreen API, XMLHttpRequest, and URL. Formerly worked on standards issues as a software engineer at Opera Software, he started working at Mozilla on 2013-02-04. He was Mozilla’s representative on the WHATWG Steering Group. He was an elected participant in the W3C Technical Architecture Group (TAG) from 2013 to 2014.

Writing 
Van Kesteren is the author and editor of several web standards:
 DOM Standard - defines a platform-neutral model for events and node trees.
 Encoding (web standard)
 Fetch (standard) - defines requests, responses, and the process that binds them: fetching.
 Fullscreen (standard) - defines an API for elements to display themselves fullscreen.
 HTML Living Standard (current co-editor) - foundational format of the Web
 Notifications (standard) - defines an API to display notifications to the end user, typically outside the top-level browsing context's viewport.
 Storage (web standard) - defines an API for persistent storage and quota estimates, as well as the platform storage architecture.
 URL (standard) - defines URLs, domains, IP addresses, the application/x-www-form-urlencoded format, and their API.
 XMLHttpRequest - defines an API that provides scripted client functionality for transferring data between a client and a server.

Other work 
Anne van Kesteren has contributed to open source works including:
 WebVTT parser and validator

References

External links
 Anne’s Blog

Living people
1986 births
Mozilla people
Juan Bautista Medici. Juan Bautista Medici was an Italian engineer. He was born in Piedmont Italy in 1843 and died in Buenos Aires in 1903. Three years before his death he was awarded a US patent for construction of navigable channels at the mouth of the Mississippi. Although the patent was never realized, it would have radically reconfigured the delta.

Career
Medici arrived in Argentina around 1870, after working on Italian railways and works for the provision of potable water to the city Montevideo, together with the English engineer Newman. In Buenos Aires, Medici surveyed part of the city, commissioned by the national government. He took other jobs, including the construction of a gas manufacturing plant. Together with Newman, he assumed leadership of city sanitation and built the seawall and Catalinas dam. 

Together with Argentine engineer Lavalle, he surveyed and leveled 175.000 square kilometers of Buenos Aires, accompanying the project work with an extensive network of water management channels; two of those channels were navigable. This project was awarded a gold medal at the it:Esposizione italo-americana. 

After the city of La Plata was founded in 1882, with Lavalle he proposed the leveling and layout of the new capital as well as the provision of water and sanitation. With Lavalle, he initiated construction of the port of La Plata. He finished that work. He only sanitation works of the Federal Capital, which had begun with Newman and had stopped for financial reasons in 1878. His other works, included water purification installations and outbuildings, and the running water palace, located in Cordoba and Riobamba. 

In 1900 he patented a system for construction of navigable channels at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Medici also fostered vineyards the province of San Juan. 

He died in Buenos Aires in 1903.

References

Sources 
 
 
 Petriella, Dionisio. Los italianos en la historia del progreso argentino. Buenos Aires: Asociaci�n Dante Alighieri, 1985.
 
 

Argentine civil engineers
1843 births
1903 deaths
Italian emigrants to Argentina
Service level indicator. In information technology, a service level indicator (SLI) is a measure of the service level provided by a service provider to a customer. SLIs form the basis of service level objectives (SLOs), which in turn form the basis of service level agreements (SLAs); an SLI can be called an SLA metric (also customer service metric, or simply service metric).

Though every system is different in the services provided, often common SLIs are used. Common SLIs include latency, throughput, availability, and error rate; others include durability (in storage systems), end-to-end latency (for complex data processing systems, especially pipelines), and correctness.

References

IT service management
Outsourcing
Amrutvahini College of Engineering. Amrutvahini College of Engineering (AVCOE) is the best Engineering college located in the taluka of Sangamner, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. The institute is affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University and managed by Amrutvahini Sheti and Shikshan Vikas Sanstha. It has been accredited by the National Board of Accreditation and recognised by the All India Council for Technical Education. The institute has also been awarded an A+ Grade by the National Accreditation and Assessment Council.

Departments 

   Civil Engineering
   Automation and Robotics
   Computer Engineering
   Electronics and Computer Engineering
   Mechanical Engineering
   E&TC Engineering
   Information Technology
   Electrical Engineering

References

External links
Official website

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Colleges affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Education in Ahmednagar district
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences. The Anhalt University of Applied Sciences is a vocational university with locations in Bernburg (Saale), Dessau-Roßlau and Köthen, Germany.

History 
In the 19th century the Higher Technical Institute at Köthen provided engineers were educated with three years of study in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, metallurgy, and brick or ceramic art.

Locations 
Technical subjects are mainly taught in Köthen. In addition, a part of the state Studienkolleg is located here, at which students are prepared for university study in Germany. There were two departments in Bernburg: Economy and Agriculture/Conservation and Ecotrophology. Design or architecture-related courses along with the Bauhaus art school are located in Dessau.

Gallery

References 

Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany
1991 establishments in Germany
Universities and colleges established in 1991
Universities and colleges in Saxony-Anhalt
Bernburg
Dessau-Roßlau
Köthen (Anhalt)
Polyethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate. Polyethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, also named poly(ethylene furan-2,5-dicarboxylate), polyethylene furanoate and poly(ethylene furanoate) and generally abbreviated as PEF, is a polymer that can be produced by polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol. As an aromatic polyester from ethylene glycol it is a chemical analogue of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). PEF has been described in (patent) literature since 1951, but has gained renewed attention since the US department of energy proclaimed its building block, FDCA, as a potential bio-based replacement for purified terephthalic acid (PTA) in 2004.

Benefits over PET
One life-cycle assessment showed that replacing PTA in the production of PET by bio-based FDCA for the production of PEF has a potential for significant reductions in  greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and non-renewable energy use (NREU).  Furthermore, PEF exhibits an intrinsically higher gas barrier for oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor than PET and is therefore an interesting alternative for packaging applications such as bottles, films and food trays.

References

Polyesters
Furans
ABS-2. ABS-2 is a Space Systems/Loral FS 1300 satellite launched in February 2014. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at 75° East and serves four continents across Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia and CIS countries. The satellite provides fixed satellite services (FSS) including, video, data and telecommunication networks, corporate networks, cellular backhaul, IP trunking, mobility, and government and military services. It is owned and operated by ABS at its Subic Bay facility.

Spacecraft 
ABS-2 is built on SSL 1300 satellite bus and equipped with up to 32 C-band, 51 Ku-band and 6 Ka-band transponders. Total mass at lift off was , with the size of  and  span when in orbit.

On 17 June 2009, ABS announced that ABS-2 will be built by Space Systems/Loral, with a launch initially planned for 2012. Due to financial delays, the contract did not get signed until 14 October 2010, delaying the launch to 2013.

Launch 
The satellite was scheduled to launch on 23 January 2014, however the need to change an unspecified equipment in the launcher delayed it further. Eventually Ariane 5 ECA flight VA 217 successfully launched on 6 February 2014 at 21:30 UTC taking Athena-Fidus in the lower slot and ABS-2 in upper.

References

External links 
 Channel list of ABS2 Free Dish on Lyngsat website

Satellites of South Korea
Satellite television
Boardman Hill Solar Farm. The Boardman Hill Solar Farm (BHSF) is a 150 kW AC community solar farm project. The Farm is the first community solar array in Vermont that fulfills the “Vermont Grown, Vermont Green”  mission: complete member-ownership, democratic management of ongoing operations, and retirement of the RECs generated by the solar farm. It is located on the Boardman Hill Farm in West Rutland, Vermont.

In 2015 BHSF was awarded the Vermont Energy and Climate Action Network Best Project of 2015  It received the Vermont Governor's Environmental Excellence Award in 2016.

See also 

 Solar power in Vermont

References

External links
Boardman Farm Solar Farm Case Study
Vermont Group Net Metering: Information & Guidelines for 150 kW (AC) Community Solar Projects

Photovoltaic power stations in the United States
Buildings and structures in West Rutland, Vermont
Alvin V. Tollestrup. Alvin Virgil Tollestrup (March 22, 1924 – February 9, 2020) was an American high-energy particle physicist best known for his key roles in the development of the superconducting magnets for Fermilab's Tevatron and the formation of CDF.

Biography

Alvin Tollestrup was born in Los Angeles, California, on March 22, 1924. He received a BS in engineering from the University of Utah in 1944. After graduating, he served in the U.S. Navy, where he studied and installed radar systems. After he was discharged, he entered the California Institute of Technology in 1946, where he worked with William Alfred Fowler and Charles Christian Lauritsen. He received his PhD in 1950. He remained at Caltech as a research fellow, eventually becoming an assistant professor of physics in 1953 and later a full professor.

Tollestrup visited the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in 1957/58 with a fellowship from the National Science Foundation.

Tollestrup went to Fermilab on sabbatical in April 1975, intending to spend nine months at the lab. At the lab, he learned of Fermilab director Robert R. Wilson's plans to build a superconducting accelerator, which would come to be called the Tevatron. Tollestrup began working with the group developing the superconducting magnets for the accelerator. As plans for the Tevatron progressed, Tollestrup was also involved in forming a group to study the experimental possibilities opened by the collider, a group which eventually became CDF. Caltech extended his sabbatical to two years as he worked on these projects, but in 1977 Tollestrup had to choose whether to return to Caltech or remain at Fermilab. He decided to stay at Fermilab, where he continued to work on the development of the Tevatron, CDF, and Fermilab's colliding beams program. He won the National Medal of Technology in 1989 for his work on the design, testing, and commissioning of the Tevatron's superconducting magnets, which was the first large-scale application of superconductivity. He died on February 9, 2020, at the age of 95.

References

External links 
 Alvin Tollestrup's profile and scientific publications on INSPIRE-HEP

1924 births
2020 deaths
21st-century American physicists
American particle physicists
People associated with Fermilab
Scientists from Los Angeles
Military personnel from California
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Utah alumni
People associated with CERN
Fellows of the American Physical Society
United States Navy personnel of World War II
CoolSPICE. CoolSPICE is a computer-aided design (CAD) tool developed by CoolCAD Electronics Inc. It is a specialized version of the SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation tool, designed for the analysis and simulation of circuit operation at cryogenic temperatures, circuits using wide-bandgap semiconductors, and the impact of thermal effects on circuit performance.

Overview 
CoolSPICE originated from SPICE3f5 and is based on the Ngspice simulator. Developed by CoolCAD Electronics, Inc., it offers simulation capabilities for standard electronic applications, including radio frequency and audio circuits, but focuses on simulating circuits designed to operate at extreme temperatures, particularly in the range of 4° to 300° Kelvin. It supports the modeling of both cryogenic-temperature CMOS circuits and high-power silicon carbide (SiC)-based devices like MOSFETs. In addition, the tool can simulate the effects of temperature changes due to power dissipation during circuit operation.

CoolSPICE is particularly suited for industries and research environments that require detailed analysis of circuits operating in extreme conditions. This includes applications in cryogenic electronics, high-power semiconductor devices, and environments with significant thermal variability.

References

Electronic circuit simulators