omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Grate heater. A tubular grate heater is any grate or heat exchanger for a fireplace, designed from  metal tubing.  Through the tubing is circulated home air that becomes heated by the fire, and then vented back into the room and home.  It is a heat recovery device that improves the efficiency and ability of a fireplace to get the heat from the fire out and into the home.  From simple to ornate, they can contribute significantly to the overall comfort of a room and potentially to a whole house.  This in turn will reduce the amount of firewood needed to achieve the same comfort level, potentially reducing heating costs and expenses.
Heaters increase the efficiency of a fireplace and hence the amount of heat that makes it from the fireplace out into the home.  They work by having naturally convected and forced air funneled into the metal heat exchanger tubing that is then heated by the coals and/or fire.  They draw in cold air from the floor and blow heated air back out into your home.  This adds an element of conductive and convective heating to the radiant heat typical of a basic fireplace.  Grate heaters have been called many things: heatilator, hearth heater, fireplace blower, fireplace grate heater, Fireplace Furnace, tubular grate heater, etc.

The ideal tubular grate heater would be built like an ideal heat exchanger with as large a surface area as possible with material suitable to minimize the heaters thermal deterioration yet provide good thermal conductivity with a high airflow rate, similar to your home furnace.  However the unique environment of a fireplace and the burning of gas, wood, coal, pellets, etc., require specific heater designs and material construction making few, if any, grate heaters compatible with all fuels.

The most critical elements of any tubular grate heater are:

 Safety - construction material and method, design and features.
 Material - quality steel that enhances thermal conductivity, is safe (e.g. galvanized steel sweats lead), and resists thermal deterioration (e.g., tin sheet metal offers little resistance against thermal deterioration).
 BTU rating - the combination of the unit's fire burning efficiency and the system's ability to deliver high-volume, high-temperature forced air heating into your home.

References 

Heat exchangers
Fireplaces
Residential heating appliances
Identifier-Locator Network Protocol. The Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) is a network protocol that divides the two functions of network addresses, namely the identification of network endpoints, and assisting routing, by separating topological information from node identity. ILNP is backwards-compatible with existing Internet Protocol functions, and is incrementally deployable.

ILNP has an architecture with two different instantiations. ILNPv4 is ILNP engineered to work as a set of IPv4 extensions, while ILNPv6 has a set of IPv6 extensions. 

At least three independent open-source implementations of ILNPv6 exist. University of St Andrews (Scotland) has a prototype in Linux/x86 and FreeBSD/x86, while Tsinghua U. (China) has a prototype in Linux/x86. The University of St Andrews ILNP group is led by  Prof. Saleem Bhatti. Other academics involved in continuing research include Ryo Yanagida, Samuel J. Ivey and Gregor Haywood.

In February 2011, the IRTF Routing Research Group (RRG) Chairs recommended that the IETF standardise ILNP () as the preferred evolutionary direction for IPv6.

RFC specifications
  – ILNP Architectural Description
  – ILNP Engineering Considerations
  – DNS Resource Records for ILNP
  – ICMPv6 Locator Update Message for ILNPv6
  – IPv6 Nonce Destination Option for ILNPv6
  – ICMP Locator Update for IPv4
  – IPv4 Options for ILNPv4
  – Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for ILNPv4
  – Optional Advanced Deployment Scenarios for ILNP

See also 
Host Identity Protocol
Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol
Mobile IP
Proxy Mobile IPv6

References

External links 
 Recommendations for a Routing Architecture ()
 IRTF Routing Research Group (RRG)
  ILNP Project at University of St Andrews (Scotland)

Internet architecture
Multihoming
Internet protocols
Internet layer protocols
Network layer protocols
Epoxidized soybean oil. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is a collection of organic compounds obtained from the epoxidation of soybean oil.  It is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.  ESBO is a yellowish viscous liquid.

Manufacturing process

ESBO is manufactured from soybean oil through the process of epoxidation.  Polyunsaturated vegetable oils are widely used as precursors to epoxidized oil products because they have high numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds available for epoxidation. The epoxide group is more reactive than double bond, thus providing a more energetically favorable site for reaction and making the oil a good hydrochloric acid scavenger and plasticizer. Usually a peroxide or a peracid is used to add an atom of oxygen and convert the -C=C- bond to an epoxide group.

Uses
Food products that are stored in glass jars are usually sealed with gaskets made from PVC. ESBO is one of the additives in the PVC gasket. It serves as a plasticizer and a scavenger for hydrochloric acid released when the PVC degrades thermally, e.g. when the gasket is applied to the lid and food product undergoes sterilization. ESBO is also used in PVC cling films for wrapping foods and toys.

Safety

Food 
A Swiss survey in June 2005 showed that (among many other plasticizers exceeding the legal limits) migration of ESBO into foods reached up to 1,170 mg/kg. Rapid Alert System in Food and Feed (RASFF) had also reported cases of food product rejection in EU for exceeding specific migration limit (SML) under EU Legislation (EC/2002/72). Enforcement authorities took measures to force producers respecting the legal limits.

Legislation
In Europe, plastics in food contact are regulated by Regulation (EU) 10/2011. It establishes a SML for ESBO of 60 mg/kg. However, in the case of PVC gaskets used to seal glass jars containing infant formulae and follow-on formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC or processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children as defined by Directive 2006/125/EC, the SML is lowered to 30 mg/kg. This is because babies have higher  food consumption per body weight.

Toxicity
The tolerable daily intake (TDI) of ESBO defined by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of the EU is 1 mg/kg body weight. This value is based on a toxicological assessment performed by the British Industrial Biological Research Association (BIBRA) in the late 1997. Repeated oral administration had been shown to affect the liver, kidney, testis and uterus of rats. According to the conventional European rules for food packaging materials, the TDI became a basis for the SML of 60 mg/kg.

See also
 Food safety

References

Plasticizers
Epoxides
Aircraft End-of-Life Solutions. Aircraft End-of-Life Solutions (AELS) B.V.  is a company that disassembles and dismantles aircraft that are out of service or retired. The company is situated in Enschede, Netherlands and has the ability to scrap worldwide.

The processes of AELS have been accredited by the Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association in April 2010. AELS is also a member of the Netherlands Aerospace Group.

References

External links

Aircraft recycling
Enschede
Renewable resource companies established in 2006
Waste management companies of the Netherlands
Dutch companies established in 2006
Organisations based in Overijssel
Mercedes-Benz F800. The Mercedes-Benz F800 Style is a concept car made by the German brand Mercedes-Benz and first shown at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. It was a preview to the second generation Mercedes-Benz CLS.

Overview
The F800 Style is a 5-seat executive saloon that is powered by efficient drive technologies and expresses the new design language of Mercedes-Benz that would influence several aspects of the brand's subsequent production models. It features a multi drive platform, which is suited for electric drives with fuel cells as well as the use of plug-in hybrids. Long wheelbase, short body overhangs, a coupe-like roof line and the rear sliding doors are the main features of the F800 Style research vehicle. The front of the car is very similar to the SLS AMG model.

Engine and Drivetrain
F800 Style Plug-in Hybrid

Powered by a 3.5-litre V6 petrol engine, the plug-in hybrid version of the concept vehicle has an output of . It features the next-generation direct injection and a hybrid module with an output of about , delivering a total power of around .

The F800 Style has a drive range of  solely on electric power thanks to the lithium-ion battery with a storage capacity of >10 kWh. The battery can be recharged either at a charging station or a household power socket.

The F800 Style is able to reach a top speed of  and accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.8 seconds. In the electric mode the concept reaches a maximum speed of .

F800 Style F-CELL

The F800 Style can also be driven using an electric drive based on fuel cell technology. This version has a maximum power output of  and a torque of . The concept car is able to reach a maximum speed of  (electronically limited). The use of the fuel cell technology gives the car a range of almost , with 5.2 kilograms of hydrogen.

See also
 Mercedes-Benz F700

References

F800
Cars introduced in 2009
Executive cars
Sedans
Bellanca CD. The Bellanca CD was the first aircraft designed for the Maryland Pressed Steel Company, by the aircraft designer Giuseppe Mario Bellanca. The aircraft was also called the Bellanca C.D. or the "CD Tractor Biplane".

Development
In 1916, the Maryland Pressed Steel Company hired Giuseppe Mario Bellanca to develop a two-seat biplane with intention to sell examples to the government during the war effort.

The two seat plane was built at the Pope Avenue factory in Hagerstown, Maryland, and test flown at Doub's Meadow field. On what is now South Hagerstown High School.

Bellanca had previously designed his own parasol aircraft in Sicily, bring the examples to New York to test fly. The Bellanca Aeroplane Company and Flying School was formed in 1911 at Mineola Long Island New York, where Bellanca taught the Mayor, Fiorello LaGuardia.

Design
The Bellanca CD was a two-seat biplane using wing warping for roll control.

Operational history
Although 6 examples were built, the aircraft did not go into full production after the end of World War I brought a halt to new contracts. One employee, Lewis E. Reisner, went on to form Reisner Aero Service Company in Hagerstown, which eventually became the Kreider Reisner Aircraft Company.

Variants
The follow on aircraft, was the Bellanca CE, with a 55 hp engine.

Specifications Bellanca CD

Notes

References

Aviation in Maryland
Bellanca CE. The Bellanca CE was the first aircraft designed for the Maryland Pressed Steel Company, by the aircraft designer Giuseppe Mario Bellanca. The aircraft was also called the Bellanca C.E. or the "CE Tractor Biplane".

Development

In 1916, the Maryland Pressed Steel Company hired Giuseppe Mario Bellanca to develop a two-seat biplane with intention to sell examples to the government during the war effort.

The two-seat plane was built at the Pope Avenue factory in Hagerstown, Maryland.

Bellanca had previously designed his own parasol aircraft in Sicily, bring the examples to New York to test fly. The Bellanca Aeroplane Company and Flying School was formed in 1911 at Mineola Long Island New York, where Bellanca taught the mayor, Fiorello LaGuardia.

Design
The Bellanca CE was a two-seat biplane using ailerons for roll control rather than wing warping of its predecessor.

Operational history
Although an example was built, the aircraft did not go into full production after the end of World War I brought a halt to new contracts. The aircraft was purchased in 1919 by a wartime flying instructor named Clarence Duncan Chamberlin. Chamberlin flew the C.E. to Glen Falls, New York commenting that Bellanca gave very conservative estimates of its performance and did not exaggerate its capabilities. Bellanca would remain friends with Chamberlin, hiring him later as his chief test pilot, and eventually setting a transcontinental air record in the Bellanca designed Wright-Bellanca WB-2 Columbia. One Maryland Pressed Steel employee, Lewis E. Reisner, went on to form Reisner Aero Service Company in Hagerstown, which eventually became the Kreider Reisner Aircraft Company.

Variants
The prototype aircraft, was the Bellanca CD, was built with a 35 hp engine.

Specifications Bellanca CE

Notes

Aviation in Maryland
Stout 1-AS Air Sedan. The Stout 1-AS Air Sedan was an all-metal monoplane that was an early example in the Ford Trimotor lineage.

Development
The Air Sedan was Stout's updated version of the Stout Batwing Limousine. William Bushnell Stout, having just completed his famous letter writing financing effort for the company, embarked on a new aircraft using the "thick airfoil" batwing design, combined with all-metal construction employed overseas in Junkers aircraft.

Design
The aircraft was a high wing single engine all-metal aircraft. The pilot and co-pilot sat side-by side, in an open cockpit mounted in the leading edge of the wing. The airfoil's chord stretched half the length of the fuselage, like the earlier batwing. The fuselage was fat and low slung compared to conventional aircraft of the time. Semicircular windows present in other Stout designs were installed.

Operational history
The Air Sedan was tested at Selfridge Field in Mt. Clemens, Michigan on February 9, 1923 by Walter Edwin Lees. The plane was considered underpowered. On one test flight, Lees and the lead engineer, George H. Prudden, took off with Stout as a passenger; they barely kept aloft, and landed in a neighboring field. Later the powerplant was replaced by a  Hispano-Suiza engine.

Specifications

References

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1-AS
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Toshiba Telecommunication Systems Division. Founded in 1975, Toshiba Telecommunication Systems Division (TSD) was a division of Toshiba America Information Systems Inc. (TAIS). This, in turn, is an independent operating company owned by Toshiba America Inc., a subsidiary of Toshiba Corporation.

Headquartered in Irvine, California, TSD is a manufacturer of IP business telephone systems, designed for small to medium-sized businesses and larger enterprises with multiple locations.  Its 'Strata CIX IP' business telephone systems and related applications are sold by a network of Authorized Toshiba Dealers throughout the United States and Latin America.

Products 

Some of Toshiba Telecommunications Systems Division's (TSD's) products include:

IPedge Pure IP Business Telephone System
VIPedge Cloud-based Business Telephone Solution
Strata CIX IP Business Telephone Systems
Unified Communications
Conferencing and Collaboration Solutions
Call Center Solutions
IP Business Telephones
Digital Business Telephones
Business Mobility Solutions
SIP Trunking
Voice Mail Systems

References 

Frost & Sullivan - Toshiba Executive Q&A: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag?docid=210945608

Gartner 2010 Unified Communications Magic Quadrant: http://www.gartner.com/technology/media-products/reprints/microsoft/vol10/article19/article19.html

Gartner 2010 Corporate Telephony Magic Quadrant: http://www.gartner.com/technology/media-products/reprints/microsoft/vol14/article1/article1.html

Nemertes 2010 Pilothouse Award Winner: https://web.archive.org/web/20101002144731/http://nemertes.com/press_releases/nemertes_research_announces_2010_pilothouse_awards

Phone Plus - Columbia Southern University Case Study: http://www.phoneplusmag.com/articles/2010/07/case-study-toshiba.aspx

2010 IP Contact Center Pioneer Award From Customer Interaction Solutions Magazine: http://outbound-call-center.tmcnet.com/topics/outbound-call-center/articles/92301-2010-ip-contact-center-technology-pioneer-award-winners.htm

2009 Communications Solutions Product of the Year Award: http://communication-solutions.tmcnet.com/topics/communication-solutions/articles/89271-communications-solutions-2009-product-the-year-award-winners.htm

Letter from Brian Metherell regarding wind-down of TAIS TSD: https://t.e2ma.net/click/z8ngz/flgfcb/f1kh5g

External links 
 http://www.telecom.toshiba.com

Toshiba
Tripropylene. Tripropylene, also known as propylene trimer, is usually sold as a mixture of structural isomers of nonene.  This mixture is obtained by oligomerization of propene:
3 C3H6  →   C9H18
In this process, two double bonds are lost and one is retained as illustrated by the isomer shown in the figure.  The reaction is catalyzed by acids, such as polyphosphoric acid. A variety of catalysts have been explored.  The reaction proceeds via the formation of a carbocation ((CH3)2CH+), which attacks another propylene unit, generating a new carbocation, etc.  This kind of process affords mixtures (C3H6)n.

Like other alkenes, propylene trimer is used as an alkylating agent.  A number of surfactants and lubricants are produced by alkylation of aromatic substrates.

See also
1-Nonene - the linear analogue

References 

Alkenes
Trimers (chemistry)
Endeavour Bridge. The Endeavour Bridge is a road bridge that carries the General Holmes Drive (A1) across the Cooks River, from  to  in the Bayside Council local government area in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The bridge is located adjacent to the river mouth, where the Cooks River empties into Botany Bay.

The bridge is maintained by Transport for NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales.

History 
The Endeavour Bridge was opened to traffic in May 1951 as two, two-lane bridges. The road carries motor vehicles and a grade-separated pedestrian footpath.

It was built due to the diversion of Cooks River required by the expansion of Kingsford-Smith Airport. The bridges were constructed before the water flow was diverted beneath them.

In 1963 the two bridges were widened by extending their decks into the area between them, resulting in one six-lane bridge. This upgrade was undertaken in conjunction with the upgrade of General Holmes Drive from four to six lanes, which was the first upgrading of a 'county road' as part of the County of Cumberland Planning Scheme.

Etymology
The Endeavour Bridge takes its name from , the ship commanded by James Cook, an English explorer, navigator and cartographer. Lieutenant Cook and the crew of the Endeavour were the first recorded European expedition to navigate and map the eastern coastline of Australia. They arrived in nearby Botany Bay in 1770.

See also

 List of bridges in Sydney

References

External links

 

Bridges in Sydney
Cooks River
Botany Bay
Bridges completed in 1951
1951 establishments in Australia
Road bridges in New South Wales
Highway 1 (Australia)
Kyeemagh, New South Wales
Mascot, New South Wales
Jeff Bonwick. Jeff Bonwick invented and led development of the ZFS file system, which was used in Oracle Corporation's ZFS storage products as well as startups including Nexenta, Delphix, Joyent, and Datto, Inc.  Bonwick is also the inventor of slab allocation,  which is used in many operating systems including MacOS and Linux, and the LZJB compression algorithm.

His roles included Sun Fellow, Sun Storage CTO, and Oracle vice president.

History 
In 2010 Bonwick co-founded a small company called DSSD with Mike Shapiro and Bill Moore, and became chief technical officer.  He co-invented DSSD's system hardware architecture and software. He developed DSSD's whole-system simulator, which enabled the team to explore possible hardware topologies and software algorithms. DSSD was acquired by EMC Corporation in 2014, which then became part of Dell Technologies in 2016.
By the end of 2016, Bill Moore had left the company, while Bonwick remained as CTO. The DSSD product, called D5, was cancelled in March 2017.

LZJB 
Bonwick invented LZJB, a lossless data compression algorithm to compress crash dumps and data in ZFS. The software is CDDL license licensed. It includes a number of improvements to the LZRW1 algorithm, a member of the Lempel–Ziv family of compression algorithms. The name LZJB is derived from its parent algorithm and its creator — Lempel Ziv Jeff Bonwick.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Open source people
Free software programmers
American computer scientists
Place of birth missing (living people)
American computer programmers
Solaris people
Sun Microsystems people
Edwin Howard Armstrong award. The Major Armstrong award, named after the inventor of  FM radio, Edwin Howard Armstrong, is presented "to AM and FM stations for excellence and originality in radio broadcasting" by the Armstrong Memorial Research Foundation at Columbia University.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers  Communications Society also has an award named after Edwin Armstrong. The award was created in 1958 under the name Achievement Award, and was renamed Edwin Howard Armstrong Achievement Award in 1975. 

The Radio Club of America also presents an award named after Edwin Armstrong. 

At Columbia University, the Armstrong Memorial Research Foundation nested in the Department of Electrical Engineering delivers the Edwin Howard Armstrong Memorial Award.

References

External links
 IEEE Communications Society Edwin Howard Armstrong Achievement Award
 Armstrong Medal

Awards and prizes of Columbia University
American radio awards
Flight 103 (disambiguation). Flight 103 commonly refers to Pan Am Flight 103, a transatlantic flight destroyed on 21 December 1988 by a terrorist bomb, also known as the Lockerbie bombing.

Flight 103 may also refer to:

Listed chronologically
 Air New Zealand Flight 103, an Air New Zealand DC-10 that helped find a lost Cessna in the Pacific Ocean on 22 December 1978
 Far Eastern Air Transport Flight 103, a Boeing 737 that broke up in midair over Taiwan on 22 August 1981
 Copterline Flight 103, a Sikorsky S-76C+ helicopter that crashed into the Gulf of Finland on 10 August 2005
 Buddha Air Flight 103, a Beechcraft 1900D that crashed on approach to Tribhuwan International Airport, Kathmandu, Nepal on 25 September 2011

See also

 STS-103, a successful Space Shuttle mission in December 1999
The Tragedy of Flight 103: The Inside Story, a 1990 television drama film about the Lockerbie bombing

0103
Panipat Elevated Expressway. Panipat Elevated Corridor is an Indian elevated six-lane expressway located in Panipat, Haryana. The entire stretch has been developed into an elevated six-lane access-controlled highway to by-pass the city of Panipat. 

The expressway was built to ease the traffic on NH-1 (now NH-44, also known as the Grand Trunk Road) between Delhi and Amritsar. It is  long. This INR 4.22 billion build-operate-transfer (BoT) project has been executed by L&T Panipat Elevated Corridor Limited (L&T PECL), in a time period of 28 months at a cost of INR 325 crores. National Highways Authority of India had allotted a 20-year concession period (which started in January 2006) to L&T PECL to finance, design, build, operate and maintain this facility.

See also
 Expressways & highways in Haryana

References

Expressways in Haryana
Transport in Panipat