omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
2-Hexyne. 2-Hexyne is an organic compound that belongs to the alkyne group. Just like its isomers, it also has the chemical formula of C6H10.

Reactions
2-Hexyne can be semihydrogenated to yield 2-hexene or fully hydrogenated to hexane. With appropriate noble metal catalysts it can selectively form cis-2-hexene.

2-Hexyne can act as a ligand on gold atoms.

With strong sulfuric acid, the ketone 2-hexanone is produced. However this reaction also causes polymerization and charring.

Under heat and pressure 2-hexyne polymerizes to linear oligomers and polymers. This can be hastened by some catalysts such as molybdenum pentachloride with tetraphenyl tin. However Ziegler–Natta catalysts have no action as the triple bond is hindered.

References

Alkynes
Video Checkers. Video Checkers is a video game developed and published by Atari, Inc. in 1980 for the Atari VCS, renamed to Atari 2600.

Gameplay

The game is based on the traditional game of checkers, called draughts outside North America. It has 19 variations of play.

Development
The game was developed by Carol Shaw at Atari. She was one of Atari's earliest female programmers, and Video Checkers and 3D Tic-Tac-Toe are two of the first commercially-released video games written by a woman. She accepted the project because Bob Whitehead was working on Video Chess at the time. Working with 4 kilobytes of ROM and the system's 128 bytes of RAM, her algorithm uses alpha–beta pruning. This is more sophisticated than the algorithm developed at the same time by Activision co-founder Alan Miller for his version of Checkers, which uses 2 kilobytes of ROM. Miller later called Shaw to offer her a job at Activision, impressed with her work on Video Checkers.

The artwork for the game was done by Steve Hendricks. The game's release was announced at Consumer Electronics Show in June 1980.

Reception
Writing in The Player's Strategy Guide to Atari VCS Home Video Games in 1982, Electronic Games editors Arnie Katz and Bill Kunkel called the game "moderately challenging", remarking that the computer player "is usually capable of matching the skill level of just about any player". In a June 1983 review of Video Checkers, the game was described as "rather limited in its interest [...] unless you are an addict of the game". In the 1984 German book, Das grosse Handbuch der Video Spiele, Harmut Huff gave the game a middling score.

In the 2011 book Classic Home Video Games, 1972-1984 A Complete Reference Guide, Brett Weiss praised the computer player, saying it did "a reasonably good job", but criticized the way the screen blanks while planning its turn. In the 2018 book The A-Z of Atari 2600 Games: Volume 2, Kieren Hawken gave a negative review, criticizing the "sluggish" controls, the slow speed at which the computer takes its turns, and the basic graphics, giving the game a score of 3/10 overall.

Legacy
Video Checkers was re-released in 2003 for Windows in the collection Atari: 80 Classic Games in One! and in 2017 on the Atari Flashback series of consoles.

See also

 List of Atari 2600 games
 Othello (1980 video game)

References

1980 video games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Draughts
Turn-based strategy video games
Video games based on board games
Video games developed in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Leslie Leiserowitz. Leslie Leiserowitz (, born 1934 in Johannesburg) is an Israeli chemist and crystallographer.

Leiserowitz studied electrical engineering at the University of Cape Town with a bachelor's degree, and then worked briefly as an electrical engineer and received a master's degree in physics (X-ray crystallography, under Reginald William James). In 1959 he joined the X-ray crystallography department at the Weizmann Institute under Gerhard Schmidt, a student of Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin. The group at the Weizmann Institute has an international reputation in solid-state chemistry. From 1966 to 1968 he set up the organic chemistry X-ray crystallography department at the University of Heidelberg at the invitation of Heinz Staab. There he developed and installed computer programs using the direct method of Nobel Laureates Herbert Hauptman and Jerome Karle.

Back at the Weizmann Institute, Leiserowitz worked on the synthesis of molecules for the investigation of various molecular interactions using X-ray crystallography (crystal engineering). In collaboration with Danish scientists, he also used X-ray diffraction to investigate thin molecular films with synchrotron radiation at DESY in Hamburg.

He and Meir Lahav have been working together for many years on the stereochemical control of crystal formation and growth with targeted impurities.

He is also active in malaria research, studying malaria pathogens using X-ray microscopy (fluorescence images of iron after X-ray exposure in infected red blood cells) and studying antimalarial drugs such as quinoline compounds. The malaria pathogen breaks down hemoglobin, producing a poisonous heme that docks in hemozoin crystals. Quinolines hinder the growth of the hemozoin crystals. Leiserowitz and Ronit Buller modeled the growth of the hemozoin crystals using computer simulation and found that their crystal surfaces were ideal for the docking of the quinolines. This explained the action of certain antimalarial agents and gave direction for improved drug design.

In 1987 he received the Prelog Medal and lecture, in 2002 the Gregori Aminoff Prize together with Meir Lahav, the Israel Prize in 2016, the EMET Prize in 2018 and the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 2021 jointly with Meir Lahav. In 1997 Leiserowitz was elected to the Leopoldina.

Publications

Literature 
•	Oral History Interview with Ute Deichmann, Jacques Loeb Centre for History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion Universität, 2013

References 

Israeli chemists
Crystallographers
1934 births
Living people
University of Cape Town alumni
Scientists from Johannesburg
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Israeli people of South African-Jewish descent
Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science
Paul R. Berger. Paul R. Berger (born 8 May 1963) is a professor in electrical and computer engineering at Ohio State University and physics (by courtesy), and a distinguished visiting professor (Docent) at Tampere University in Finland, recognized for his work on self-assembled quantum dots under strained-layer epitaxy, quantum tunneling based semiconductor devices and solution processable flexible electronics.

Berger was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2011 and was elected into the IEEE Electron Devices Society board of governors in 2020 Berger was general chair of the 2021 IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) in August 2021, which pivoted from Columbus, Ohio to fully virtual. Also in 2021, Berger was selected as the founding editor-in-chief of the new IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics (J-FLEX), and editor-in-chief for 2023–2024.

Education 
Born in Midwestern United States, but raised in the Greater Boston, Massachusetts area, Berger attended Phillips Academy in Andover,_Massachusetts. Berger received his B.S. in engineering physics, M.S in electrical and computer engineering, and Ph.D in electrical and computer engineering, all from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor campus in 1985, 1987 and 1990, respectively, under the supervision of Pallab Bhattacharya.
 
In 1987, Berger discovered the self-assembly of III-V semiconductor quantum dots during molecular-beam epitaxy strain engineering with Bhattacharya for the formation of high-quality quantum dot laser device manufacturing. This method has made optical communication and optical networking practical for many applications, including optical data links in enterprise networks and data centers.

Career

In 1998, as part of a Quantum MOS team under a DARPA Ultra project, Berger invented Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes, the first viable Si-based negative differential resistance with the potential of being fully integrated into the mainstream Si CMOS integrated circuits technology.

 
And in 2011, Berger was elevated to IEEE Fellow for "contributions to the understanding, development, and fabrication of silicon-based resonant interband tunneling devices and circuits."

In 1999, Berger entered the field of solution-processable flexible electronics with sabbatical visits to the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany and Cambridge Display Technology, then in Cambridge, England, where he generated patents on organic light-emitting diodes (OLED).

Awards 
 National Science Foundation CAREER Award (1996)

 DARPA ULTRA Sustained Excellence Award (1998)
 Faculty Diversity Excellence Award (2009)

 Outstanding Engineering Educator for State of Ohio (2014)

 Fulbright-Nokia Distinguished Chair in Information and Communications Technologies Award (2020),

 IEEE Region-2 Outstanding Engineering Educator Award (2023),

References 

1963 births
Living people
Ohio State University faculty
Tampere University
Fellows of the IEEE
University of Michigan alumni
American electrical engineers
American computer scientists
Meir Lahav. Meir Lahav (, born 1936 in Sofia, Bulgaria) is an Israeli chemist and materials scientist. He is an emeritus professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Biography 
Lahav emigrated to Israel in 1948. He studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he obtained a master's degree in polymer chemistry in 1962. With Gerhard Schmidt at the Weizmann Institute of Science, he obtained a Ph.D. in solid state chemistry. As a postdoctoral fellow, Lahav worked with Paul Doughty Bartlett at Harvard University, among others, before returning to Israel in 1971. Since 1985 he has held a full professorship at the Weizmann Institute.

In a long-term collaboration with Leslie Leiserowitz, Lahav dealt with how crystal formation and growth can be influenced by targeted impurities (useful impurities) and with the direct determination of the sense of chirality of molecules. He investigated crystallization and interface phenomena such as the packing of amphiphilic molecules at the phase boundary and the basis for heterogeneous catalysis. He sought to understand biomembranes and designed self-assembling Langmuir-Blodgett layers (see self-assembling monolayer), investigated reaction pathways through asymmetric transformations into chiral and centrosymmetric crystals, guest-host interactions in organic solids, the correlation of macroscopic phenomena with molecular chirality, as well as stereochemical and regiospecific photoreactions within organic solids.

Lahav received the Centenary Prize of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1984/85, the Prelog Medal in 1987, the Gregori Aminoff Prize in 2002, the Chirality Medal in 2006, and the Israel Prize in 2016. For 2018 he was awarded the EMET Prize. In 2021 he and Leslie Leiserowitz jointly received the Wolf Prize in Chemistry. He has been a member of the Leopoldina since 1997.

Meir Lahav is married and has three children.

References

External links 
 Prof. Meir Lahav at Weizmann Institute (weizmann.ac.il)

1936 births
Living people
Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science
Bulgarian emigrants to Israel
Bulgarian Jews
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli chemists
Israeli materials scientists
Israeli people of Bulgarian-Jewish descent
Jewish chemists
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Scientists from Sofia
Israeli inventors
PRIME-1. Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment-1 (PRIME-1), also known as Intuitive Machines 2 (IM2), is a planned NASA mission to land a robotic probe near the South Pole of the Moon. The mission is a part of the Artemis program. The experiment is designed to search for water ice on the Moon at a permanently shadowed location near Shackleton Crater, close to the lunar south pole. The probe will carry a drill and mass spectrometer.

The 36-kilogram (80 lb) PRIME-1 payload is scheduled for launch on a Falcon 9 in February 2025 as part of the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program on the Nova-C IM-2 mission.

If successfully deployed, PRIME-1 will be the first attempt to show the feasibility of efforts on the lunar surface "to generate products with local materials," a process formally termed as in situ resource utilization (ISRU). Additionally, this will be NASA's first attempt to robotically sample and analyze lunar ice below the surface.

History 
In December 2022, NASA selected Intuitive Machines to design a lander for the PRIME-1 experiment drill, which was the companies second Moon contract with NASA.

In November 2023 a mission simulation was undertaken by engineers at the Kennedy Space centre.

Payload 

The mission is set to launch on a Falcon 9 in early 2025, using Intuitive Machines Nova-C landing platform as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. Under this initiative, NASA partners with commercial providers, with Intuitive Machines supplying the lander for this mission. The Lunar Trailblazer mission is planned as a secondary payload for this launch.

The payload will be around 40kg or 88lbs.

Instruments 

The PRIME-1 Lander will measure the volatile content of subsurface samples on the Moon. The scientific equipment consists primarily of a Mass Spectrometer for Observing Lunar Operations (MSOLO), and The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain (TRIDENT).

PRIME-1 is composed of two components, both of which will be mounted to a commercial lunar lander:

 The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain (TRIDENT): TRIDENT will drill up to three feet deep, extracting lunar regolith, or soil, up to the surface. The instrument can drill in multiple segments, pausing and retracting to deposit cuttings on the surface after each depth increment.

 Mass Spectrometer observing lunar operations (MSolo): This modified-for-spaceflight, commercial-off-the-shelf mass spectrometer will evaluate the drill cuttings for water and other chemical compounds. Soil samples from multiple depths will be analyzed.
A version of TRIDENT and MSolo was to be used on NASA's cancelled VIPER rover in the search for water ice.

References 

2025 in spaceflight
Missions to the Moon
Spaceflight
Space probes
NASA
Artemis
Space exploration
Electromaterials. In physics, electrical engineering and materials science, electromaterials are the set of materials which store, controllably convert, exchange and conduct electrically charged particles. The term electromaterial can refer to any electronically or ionically active material. While this definition is quite broad, the term is typically used in the context of properties and/or applications in which atomic electronic transition is pertinent. The word electromaterials is a compound form of the Ancient Greek term, ἤλεκτρον ēlektron, "Amber", and the Latin term, materia, "Matter".

Properties 
Electromaterials enable the transport of charged species (electrons and/or ions) as well as facilitate the exchange of charge to other materials. For atomic and molecule systems, this is observed as atomic electronic transition between discrete orbitals, while for bulk semiconductor materials electronic bands determine which transitions may occur. Metals, in which the conduction band is permanently populated, may also be considered electromaterials, although this is typically outside the category compared to other conduction mechanisms such as for a degenerate semiconductor (transparent conductive oxides) or polaron hopping (organic conductor). Materials which can be ionised (i.e. electrons either added or stripped away) may also be considered electronically active.

Electromaterials have a number of properties broadly, including:
 Opto-electronic properties
 Photoelectric properties
 Exotic phenomena such as super-conductive properties
 Partial charge transfer, adsorption of species leading to change in electronic properties of material
 Ion conductive materials

Applications 
In the application of electromaterials, ions or electrons are used to carry out a specific function. For example, the oxidation or reduction (loss or gain of electrons, respectively) of another species. Materials such as metals, metal particles, conducting polymers, conducting carbon, e.g. CNTs, graphene, carbon fibres, electrodes, electrolytes, electrocatalysts, light harvesting materials (e.g. dyes for DSSCs) find applications in which electromaterials are critical to their functionality: 
 
 Batteries 
 Super-capacitors 
 Fuel cells 
 Photovoltaics 
 Artificial muscles 
 Chemical sensors
 LEDs 
 Energy conversion/storage devices 
 Systems that interact with living tissue and soft robotics (prosthetics)

Characterisation 
Electromaterials can be explored by techniques such as (but not limited to) absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemistry, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy or combinations of the above, such as raman spectroelectrochemistry.

See also 
 Metal 
 Electrolyte
 Electrical conductor
 Piezoelectricity

References 

Electricity
Materials science
Odete Muximpua. Odette Muximpua is a Mozambican engineer, a specialist

Life
Odete Muximpua was raised by her mother and grandmother in Quelimane.She was the first person in her family to go to university, topping the national entry exam to study civil engineering at Eduardo Mondlane University. One of five women in a class of 55 students, she completed her BSc in 2004. She then worked as a researcher at the university, studying sustainable water resource use and community water supplies in wetlands. In 2007 she started working at the World Bank, and returning to university to study for a Master's. In 2015 she became the first Mozambican woman to get a Master's degree in engineering.

References

1980s births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
World Bank people
Eduardo Mondlane University alumni
Hermann Oelrichs (pilot boat). The Hermann Oelrichs was a 19th-century Sandy Hook Pilot boat, built in 1894 by Moses Adams at Essex, Massachusetts for a group of New York Pilots. She helped transport New York City maritime pilots between inbound or outbound ships coming into the New York Harbor. The Herman Oelrichs was said to be the fastest of the New York pilot fleet. She was built to replace the pilot boat Hope, that was wrecked in 1890.

Construction and service 

The New York pilot-boat Hermann Oelrichs, No. 1, was built by the Moses Adams shipyard in early 1894 at Essex, Massachusetts, for a group of New York pilots, to replace the pilot boat Hope, that was wrecked in 1890 along the shore of the Sandy Hook Point. The boat number "1" was painted as a large number on her mainsail, that identified her as belonging to the Sandy Hook Pilots.

On April 21, 1894, the New York pilot boat Herman Oelrichs, was towed to Gloucester, Massachusetts for rigging. She left Gloucester on her maiden cruise, on May 12, 1894, to reach the Port of New York on May 25, 1894. She had on board four pilots. She was the fastest of the New York pilot fleet. Her dimensions were 87 ft. length on deck; her masts were 74 ft. and 72 ft. high; and 73-tons burthen. She beat the Boston pilot boat, Hesper, No. 5, on a race leaving Gloucester.

On June 4, 1894, Pilot Speitzer of the new pilot boat Herman Oelrichs, No. 1, brought in the British seamer Furnesia, and reported having seen the yacht Vigilant. On February 21, 1895, Captain Michael Lyons, of the pilot boat Herman Oelrichs, No. 1, boarded the steamship Lucania.

By June 21, 1896, In the age of steam, twenty-four pilot boats had been withdrawn from service leaving five pilot boats kept for emergency service. The five boats that were retained were the Herman Oelrichs, Ambrose Snow, Caldwell H. Colt, Edward F. Williams, and the Alexander M. Lawrence.

On June 6, 1897, pilot Nichols Roach, of the Sandy Hook pilot boat Hermann Oelrichs, No. 1, reported that a carrier pigeon flew on board with a tag attached on its leg with the message: "H. V. M., No. 3."

On June 13, 1899, the Herman Oelrichs rescued the crew of the German steamship Macedonia, which was hit and sank by the steamship Hamilton, off Sea Bright, New Jersey.

By April 7, 1901, the pilot boat Herman Oelrichs, was anchored off Stapleton, Staten Island, when five of her men were in a yawl that filled with water. One pilot, John Syceth was drowned.

End of service
On July 15, 1904, the Hermann Oelrichs, was put up for sale at the Pilot Office in New York City.

On Jun 7, 1910, Herman Oelrichs, owned by Captain Fred B. Rice, and others was sold to Captain A. F. Warren, of Pensacola, Florida. She was added to the fleet of fishing schooners owned by the Warren Fishing Company in Florida.

See also
List of Northeastern U. S. Pilot Boats

References 

Schooners of the United States
Individual sailing vessels
Service vessels of the United States
1894 ships
Pilot boats
Ships built in Essex, Massachusetts
Heather Sheardown. Heather Sheardown is a professor in the Chemical Engineering department at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and holder of a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Ophthalmic Biomaterials and Drug Delivery System from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). Her research has focused on biomaterials and eye health, including bioengineered contact lenses, and eye drops that can be used for targeted drug delivery. She was the student of Professor John Brash.

Sheardown is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering and in 2020, she received the Hamilton YWCA's Women of Distinction award in Science, Technology, and Trades. In 2021 she was appointed Acting Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, and was confirmed as Dean of Engineering in 2022.

References 

 

Canadian women scientists
McMaster University alumni
Academic staff of McMaster University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pytchair. 

PYTCHAir is the name given to a Boeing 727 located in the Brislington area of Bristol. The aircraft was originally a Japan Airlines passenger aircraft which first flew in 1968. It was converted into a private jet and operated by various owners including LarMag Aviation.

It was purchased in 2020 to be used as an office. The relocation was delayed until February 2021, when it was transported by road to Bonville Road, Brislington. , the fuselage is on display and used as an office, filming location and is available for charity events. It has been featured as a “quirky" and "cool" office.

In March 2022 the fuselage was covered in street art by Bristol street artsists Harriet Wood, Curtis Hylton and Hasan Kamil.  The art work drew media attention.

In early 2024 it was added to Airbnb and has been referred to as the "coolest" and "wildest" property on the platform by various media outlets.

In January 2025 is was widely reported that the aircraft had been owned and used by Pablo Escobar.

Gallery

References

Further reading

External links

Individual aircraft
Japan Airlines
Buildings and structures in Bristol