omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
BSC Marine Group. The BSC Marine Group is a shipbuilding company based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Founded in 1994, it specialises in the design and construction of aluminium and composite vessels. Headquartered in Toowong in Queensland, Australia, its shipyard is at Hemmant.

Its first vessel was the Incat Crowther designed by MSY Aussie Legend for Matilda Cruises, Sydney in 1995. Other vessels built have included eight CityCat ferries for the Brisbane City Council between 1996 and 1998 and six fast catamarans for the Thames Clippers service on the River Thames in London, England.

References

Companies based in Queensland
Engineering companies of Australia
Hemmant, Queensland
Shipbuilding companies of Australia
Shipyards of Australia
1994 establishments in Australia
Australian brands
Wight Shipyard. The Wight Shipyard is a shipbuilding company and shipyard based in East Cowes on the Isle of Wight in the UK, with their facilities occupying and including the historic Saunders-Roe flying boat hangar and British Hovercraft Corporation hangar. The company was originally known as Shemara Refit LLP, and was formed to undertake the refit of the classic yacht  MY Shemara. They now specialise in the construction and refit of high speed craft and aluminium ships.

Ships built

Ships refitted
Thames Clippers ferries
Sky Clipper
Star Clipper
Storm Clipper
Red Funnel ferries
MV Red Eagle (In conjunction with Southampton Marine Services)

References

External links 

 

Companies based on the Isle of Wight
Shipbuilding companies of England
Shipyards of England
Samolot Sp.I. Samolot Sp.I was a type of aircraft designed in Poland in the mid-1920s. It was intended to explore the characteristics of a proposed single seat fighter. The project did not receive government support and only one Sp.I was built.

Design and development
The designer of the Samolot Sp.I was Piotr Tulacz, the technical director of Samolot. A private venture, it was intended to be a research development vehicle for a more powerful fighter aircraft and, in addition, to demonstrate to the Government that high performance aircraft could be built with Polish materials.

The Samolot Sp.I was a braced parasol wing monoplane. Its two-part wing, rectangular in plan apart from blunted tips, was moderately thick. Each half-wing was built around a pair of wooden spars and was covered with plywood, then joined centrally and supported just above the fuselage on cabane struts. Primary wing bracing was provided on each side by a parallel pair of steel struts, enclosed in wooden streamlined cladding, from the lower fuselage to the wing spars.

It had been designed to accept radial engines in the  power range and when the Sp.I was completed in the mid-1926 the only available engine was an elderly six-cylinder Anzani 6A-4 which gave . This was housed under a circular cross-section metal cowling with its cylinder heads protruding for cooling. The cowling blended smoothly into the rest of the fuselage which was a  thick ply-skinned semi-monocoque, tapering to the rear. The pilot's open cockpit was just behind the trailing edge of the wing, where there was a small cut-out to improve his field of view. The Sp.I's tailplane and fin were integral parts of the fuselage and also ply covered, as were the control surfaces; the elevators were divided.

The Sp.I had a conventional, fixed undercarriage with a track of . The mainwheels were on a single axle with rubber-cord shock absorbers, mounted on steel V struts from the fuselage at the base of the wing struts. These struts, like the wing bracing, were clad in wood streamlining.

The first flight, flown by Samolot's chief test-pilot Edmond Holodynski at Poznań-Lawica, was in July 1926. Further flight-testing showed a lack of power but also some handling problems and instabilities. The latter were soon corrected by a reduction in fuselage length and some rudder modifications and the aircraft was re-engined with a  Salmson 9Ac, a nine-cylinder modern radial. As a result, the Sp.I handled well and bettered its calculated performance.

Despite its good performance, Samolot failed to get Government funding and Sp.I development was abandoned. It did leave a legacy, in that some of the engineers who had worked on its design subsequently joined the design team of the successful PWS-10, another braced parasol wing aircraft.

Specifications (Salmson engine)

References

Parasol-wing aircraft
1920s Polish experimental aircraft
SP1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
DIN 276. DIN 276 is a DIN standard used in architectural engineering for two main services:
 To determine the project costs
 To determine the fee for architects and engineers

Scope
Only part 1 building construction (last updated 2008–12) and part 4 engineering are valid.

"This part of the standard applies to cost planning in building construction, in particular for the determination and organization of costs. It covers the costs of new construction, reconstruction and modernization of buildings and related project-related costs; for building construction costs, DIN 18960 applies."

With the new edition of DIN 276-1 of December 2008, amendment A1 of February 2008 and amendment 1 of February 2007 were incorporated into the standard.

The version of April 1981 of DIN 276 is used in the HOAI 1996/2002 for fee determination. The old version is used, because the federal legislature did not follow the further development of DIN 276 in the price law for architects and engineers and did not adapt the cost groups in the regulation text of the HOAI 1996. The cost calculations are thus to be set up in two structures: in the most recent for project processing and in the version of 1981 only for fee determination.

General changes to the new edition 2006 
In 2006, changes were made to the title and structure to open the standard beyond building construction to other areas of construction. Compared with DIN 276: 1993–06, the following changes were made:

Substantive changes
The principles of costing have been extended to principles of cost planning
For the term "cost", principles of application have been formulated
The principles of costing have been redefined with the goal of greater cost-effectiveness
The costing stages have been extended and redrafted with a view to continuous cost planning
For cost control principles of application have been formulated

Editorial changes
The scope of the standard has been redrafted in line with the changed content
The terms have been changed and supplemented according to the state of the art
The structure of the cost breakdown remains unchanged; the description has been changed editorially
The execution-oriented breakdown of costs has been retained as an alternative; Table 2 has been deleted
The presentation of the cost breakdown has been editorially revised according to the state of the art
Annex A has been deleted.

References

 Klaus D. Siemon: Baukostenplanung für Architekten. 3. Aufl. Vieweg, Wiesbaden 2005, .
 Peter J. Fröhlich: Hochbaukosten – Flächen – Rauminhalte. 16., überarb. und akt. Aufl. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2010, .
 Udo Blecken, Willi Hasselmann: Kosten im Hochbau, Praxis. Handbuch und Kommentar zur DIN 276. Rudolf Müller, 2007, .
 Willi Hasselmann, Klaus Liebscher: Normengerechtes Bauen. Kosten, Grundflächen und Rauminhalte von Hochbauten nach DIN 276 und DIN 277. Rudolf Müller, 2007, 

276
OpenSky Network. The OpenSky Network is a non-profit association based in Switzerland that provides open access of flight tracking control data. It was set up as a research project by several universities and government entities with the goal to improve the security, reliability and efficiency of the airspace. Its main function is to collect, process and store air traffic control data and provide open access to this data to the public. Similar to many existing flight trackers such as Flightradar24 and FlightAware, the OpenSky Network consists of a multitude of receivers (currently around 2000, mostly concentrated in Europe and the US), which are connected to the Internet by volunteers, industrial supporters, academic, and governmental organizations. All collected raw data is archived in a large historical database, containing over 23 trillion air traffic control messages (November 2020). The database is primarily used by researchers from different areas to analyze and improve air traffic control technologies and processes.

The main air traffic control communication technologies currently used by the OpenSky Network are the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), Mode S and, since late 2018, FLARM. All technologies provide immediate and detailed aircraft information over the publicly accessible 1090 MHz radio frequency channel using software-defined radio receivers.

Aircraft Tracking Data
Currently, the network tracks and displays several thousand flights at any given time. The OpenSky Network offers access to its data through a variety of means, including several APIs and a Trino shell (the previous Impala shell is deprecated as of June 2024). Data from the OpenSky Network is free for research done in academic and governmental institutions. Commercial licenses are also available, as are branded software-defined receiver kits.  A comparison in February 2017 found that it still had significantly less coverage than both FlightAware and Flightradar24 in February 2017. However, a separate study found its data quality to be superior.

History
The OpenSky Network started in 2012 as a research project between armasuisse (Switzerland), University of Kaiserslautern (Germany), and the University of Oxford (UK). In 2015, the OpenSky Network association was founded in order to guarantee the continuous development of the network towards a completely open air traffic control sensor network with worldwide coverage. By November 2022, data from the OpenSky Network has been used in over 350 academic publications. The community gathers in a yearly workshop or symposium, which, since its 7th iteration in 2019, publishes academic proceedings.

See also
 FlightAware
 Flightradar24
 Flight tracking

References

External links
 OpenSky Network Live Air Traffic
 

Aviation websites
Internet properties established in 2015
Flight tracking software
Keystone XOK. The Keystone XOK was an American biplane observation floatplane developed for the United States Navy during the early 1930s.

Design and development
In 1929, the Navy issued requirements calling for an observation floatplane intended for service aboard Omaha class light cruisers, readily convertible to wheels or floats and light enough to operate from the cruiser-type catapult.

Prototypes were ordered from Keystone-Loening (then a subsidiary of Curtiss-Wright),  Berliner-Joyce and Vought, and designated as the XOK-1,  XOJ-1 and XO4U-1 respectively.
The Keystone design was a conventional biplane of mixed metal and fabric construction, with the pilot and observer seated in tandem in open cockpits. It made its first flight on January 5, 1931.

On April 15, 1931, during a demonstration before naval officials, the XOK-1 broke up in flight after the cowling detached itself and smashed into the wings and tailplane.  With the Berliner-Joyce and Vought prototypes nearly ready for trials, the Bureau of Aeronautics elected to discontinue further development of the XOK-1. Eventually, the Berliner-Joyce's entry was selected for production.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (XOK-1)

See also

References

Citations

External links
 Keystone XOK-1 photograph.

Keystone aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Floatplanes
1930s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Chnaniir. Chnaniir () is a village located in the Keserwan District of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate  in Lebanon.

In 1996 Fuad Hamdan, Greenpeace’s Mediterranean spokesperson, claimed there was a toxic waste dump in Chnaniir. The waste was part of an estimated 10,000 barrels shipped from Italy in the late 1980s and dumped in various sites in Lebanon, inland and along the coast. It included Cadmium and other heavy metals, Organophospate pesticides and Chlorines. The site in Chnaniir was allegedly concealed by a cow shed.

References

Populated places in Keserwan District
Sikorsky XP2S. The Sikorsky XP2S was an American biplane patrol flying boat developed for the United States Navy during the early 1930s.

Design and development
After selling a small quantity of PS / RS patrol / transport amphibians to the Navy, Sikorsky (then a division of United Aircraft Corporation) endeavoured to interest the service in a patrol flying boat. Having received a development contract in mid-1930, Sikorsky delivered a complete aircraft for testing in June 1932. The XP2S-1, as the prototype was designated, was a two-bay, equal-span biplane of mixed construction. Its two R-1340 Wasp radial engines were mounted in a single nacelle in a tandem configuration.

Its overall performance did not exceed that of other biplane patrol boats of the era, and after approximately one year of official trials the Navy cancelled the project.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications (XP2S-1)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Flying boats
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1932
XP2S
1930s United States patrol aircraft
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft
Lawrence Stamper Darken. Lawrence Stamper Darken (18 Sept. 1909, Brooklyn NY – 7 June 1978, State College PA) was an American physical chemist and metallurgist, known for his two equations describing solid-state diffusion in binary solutions. 
 
He earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics and chemistry from Hamilton College and attained his doctoral degree in physical chemistry at Yale in 1933, followed by two postdoctoral years. From 1935 to 1971 Darken was employed at U.S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory where he was director of the Edgar C. Bain Laboratory for Fundamental Research. After his retirement from U.S. Steel in 1971, he was appointed professor of mineral science at Pennsylvania State University.

In addition to his two equations on diffusion, Dr. Darken made contributions to the field with respect to chemical rate phenomena in liquid steel and slags, thermodynamics of metallic solutions, and phase equilibria in various ternary systems. He also wrote the textbook Physical chemistry of metals with R. W. Gurry.

In 1968 he received the R. W. Hunt Outstanding Paper Award from the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST) for his papers Thermodynamics of Binary Metallic Solutions and Thermodynamics of Ternary Metallic Solutions. He was also awarded a Gold Medal from the American Society for Metals.

See also 
Gibbs-Duhem equation#Ternary and multicomponent solutions and mixtures ("Lawrence Stamper Darken has shown ...")

References 

American physical chemists
American metallurgists
1909 births
1978 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Hexahydroxytriphenylene. Hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) is any of a set of organic compounds consisting of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon core—triphenylene—with six hydroxy group substituents attached to the rings. These compounds have found use as a component of two-dimensional polymers. The first covalent organic framework used this chemical as a monomer building block. It can be used for self-assembling metal–organic frameworks.

References 

Polycyclic aromatic compounds
Polyphenols
Porous polymer monomers
Emily Orwaru. Emily Orwaru (born 1988) is a Kenyan aeronautical engineer, who works as an aeronautical planning engineer, at Kenya Airways, the country's national airline.

Background and education
Orwaru was born in Nyamira in Nyamira County, about , by road, west of Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya.

At the age of nine, she suffered from a bout of tonsillitis, which left her deaf in the right ear. Later, she was diagnosed with keratoconus, an  eye condition characterized by thinning of the cornea in both eyes. She has to wear rigid contact lens to correct the problem. After attending elementary and high schools in Kenya, she benefited from a scholarship by the government of Russia, to attend Samara State Aerospace University, in Samara, Russia, where she studied Aerospace engineering, graduating with a Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) degree in 2009.

Career
In 2014, Orwaru was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, for which she had to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In June 2014, she was hired as an aircraft maintenance technician at Kenya Airways, working in that capacity for six months until December 2014. Later, she was promoted to her present position of Aeronautical Planning Engineer.

Other achievements and activities
In October 2017, Emily Orwaru was named among the "Top 40 Under 40 Women in Kenya 2017" by Business Daily Africa, an English-language business daily newspaper, published by the Nation Media Group. She is involved in a community-based economic development group in Nyamira, her home village. She is also a member of a cancer support group called "Faraja Cancer Care".

See also
 Iddah Asin
 Naomi Rono
 Sheila Mwarangu
 Liz Aluvanze

References

External links
Website of Kenya Airways

1988 births
21st-century Kenyan engineers
Kenyan women
Aeronautical engineers
Kenya Airways people
Samara State Aerospace University alumni
Living people
People from Nyamira County
21st-century women engineers
21st-century Kenyan women engineers
Francis Gibson Baily. Francis Gibson Baily FRSE (1868–1945) was a British electrical engineer remembered for his research into electromagnetism. He was one of the first to suggest the use of water power to produce electricity and as such was the forefather of hydroelectricity. He emphasised the need to preserve natural beauty and also recognised the advantages of alternating current in generating schemes.

Life
He was born in Paddington, London on 18 March 1868 the son of Walter Baily and his wife, Mary Ann Gibson. He was educated at University College School in London and the School of Mines in Clausthal in Germany and then won a place at Cambridge University to study Natural Science, graduating in 1889. He went to work in the new world of electricity, first at James Simpson & Co and then at Siemens in Germany (1890-1892).

In 1892 he returned to Britain to lecture at University College, Liverpool and in 1896 became Professor of Electrical Engineering at Heriot Watt College in Edinburgh.

In 1896 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Murray, George Chrystal, Alexander Crum Brown and Sir Francis Grant Ogilvie. He served as Vice President of the Society from 1929 to 1932.

In Edinburgh he lived at the newly built student residences at 11 Ramsay Gardens at the head of the Royal Mile.

In the First World War he served as a Captain in the Royal Engineers and was responsible for developing ultrasensitive microphones used during tunnelling.

He retired in 1933 and died in Juniper Green, south-west of Edinburgh, on 23 February 1945.

Publications
Hysteresis of Iron and Steel in a Rotating Magnetic Field (1894)
The Distribution of Energy in Towns (1895)
Trees and Shrubs for Housing Schemes and Roads (1938)
The Development of Highland Water Power (1941)
Small Water Power Schemes (1945)

Family

In 1899 at St Giles Cathedral he married Margaret Naismith Osborne Pagan (1878-1967) an opera singer. They had one son and one daughter.

References

External links 
 

1868 births
1945 deaths
People from Paddington
People educated at University College School
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British electrical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Engineers from London
Giancarlo Guizzardi. Giancarlo Guizzardi (born 22 April 1975 in Vitoria, Brazil) is a Brazilian–Italian computer scientist specializing in conceptual modeling, enterprise modeling, applied ontology and ontology-driven information systems. He is a professor at the University of Twente, in The Netherlands, and a senior researcher and founding member of the Ontology & Conceptual Modeling Research Group (NEMO) in Vitoria, Brazil.

Work 
He is a strong advocate of an approach to Conceptual Modeling known as Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling (ODCM). ODCM proposes that, since Conceptual Modeling is about representing conceptualizations of reality to support human understanding communication and problem-solving, it must rely on foundations that take formal ontology in philosophy, cognitive science, philosophical logics and linguistic seriously.

He defended his PhD thesis in 2005 in the University of Twente (with the highest distinction). His thesis, entitled Ontological Foundations for Structural Conceptual Models, lays the foundation of what came to be known as the Unified Foundational Ontology and the OntoUML language.

References

Brazilian computer scientists
Italian computer scientists
1975 births
People from Vitória, Espírito Santo
University of Twente alumni
Living people
The University of Sydney Nano Institute. The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) is a multidisciplinary research institute at the University of Sydney in Camperdown, Sydney, Australia. It focuses on multidisciplinary research in nanoscale science and technology. It is one of ten multidisciplinary research institutes at the University of Sydney, along with the Charles Perkins Centre and the Brain and Mind Centre.

Location and facilities 
Sydney Nano is headquartered at the Sydney Nanoscience Hub. It was built for nanoscience research and opened in 2015 on the University of Sydney's Camperdown/Darlington campus.

History 
Sydney Nano was originally launched in April 2016, as the Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology (AINST). The institute was renamed The University of Sydney Nano Institute in November 2017.

In July 2017, the University of Sydney announced a multi-year partnership with Microsoft to conduct research into quantum computing and the official establishment of Microsoft Quantum - Sydney at the Sydney Nanoscience Hub.

In March 2018, the New South Wales Government provided a A$500,000 grant to set up the Sydney Quantum Academy to strengthen postgraduate research and training in quantum computing. The academy is led by the University of Sydney in partnership with Macquarie University, the University of New South Wales and the University of Technology, Sydney.

Directors 
Sydney Nano was jointly led by three interim directors, Thomas Maschmeyer, Simon Ringer, and Zdenka Kuncic, who oversaw the launch period of the institute from March 2016.

Susan Pond was appointed to the directorship in February 2017, for a period of 12 months.

Ben Eggleton served as director from May 2018 to December 2022, when Alice Motion was appointed interim director for six months.

References 

Nano Institute
Nanotechnology institutions
2016 establishments in Australia
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation. A Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) is a series of missile tests conducted by the United States Navy and the Royal Navy. These tests are employed to validate a weapon system (SLBM) and ensure a submarine crew's readiness to use that system. A shakedown operation usually occurs after a refueling and overhaul process or construction of a new submarine. Testing of missile systems allows collection of flight-data, and examinations of submarine launch platforms.

The first DASO test occurred July 20, 1960 on the USS George Washington, using the Polaris A-1. Modern tests use the UGM-133 Trident II, launching from an Ohio-class submarine.

References

Aerospace engineering
Product testing
Ballistic missile submarines