omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Design 1032 ship. The Design 1032 ship (full name Emergency Fleet Corporation Design 1032) was a steel-hulled tanker ship design approved for production by the United States Shipping Boards Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFT) in World War I. A total of 5 ships were ordered and completed from 1919 to 1920. All ships were constructed by Bethlehem San Francisco, but sources disagree whether all were built in Alameda or some were also built in the Union Iron Works yard.

References

Bibliography

External links
 EFC Design 1032: Illustrations

Standard ship types of the United States
Design 1032 ships
Design 1032 ships of the United States Navy
Silk surfacing. Silk surfacing was a surface finishing of cotton to obtain an appearance similar to silk.

Process 
In contrast to other imitative finishes such as mercerizing, In Silk surfacing, real silk was used in this treatment. Cotton was treated with acid and then silk waste (mixed) solution cotton to provide a lustrous appearance.

Treatment 
The steps are as follows: 

 Soaking of cotton yarns in Tannic acid or other metallic acid.
 Soaking in a solution of pure silk (of dissolved Silk waste/remnants in some acid.)
 Dry
 Passing through rollers.
The cotton is encased with silk. Although the finish was less durable, was adapted for selected products only that were less likely to wash.

See also 

 Finishing (textiles)
 Plasma treatment (textiles)

References 

Textile techniques
Textile chemistry
Properties of textiles
Urbach energy. The Urbach Energy, or Urbach Edge, is a parameter typically denoted , with dimensions of energy, used to quantify energetic disorder in the band edges of a semiconductor. It is evaluated by fitting the absorption coefficient as a function of energy to an exponential function. It is often used to describe electron transport in structurally disordered semiconductors such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

Introduction 

In the simplest description of a semiconductor, a single parameter is used to quantify the onset of optical absorption: the band gap, . In this description, semiconductors are described as being able to absorb photons above , but are transparent to photons below . However, the density of states in 3 dimensional semiconductors increases further from the band gap (this is not generally true in lower dimensional semiconductors however). For this reason, the absorption coefficient, , increases with energy. The Urbach Energy quantifies the steepness of the onset of absorption near the band edge, and hence the broadness of the density of states. A sharper onset of absorption represents a lower Urbach Energy.

History and name 
The Urbach Energy is defined by an exponential increase in absorbance with energy. While an exponential dependence of absorbance had been observed previously in photographic materials, it was Franz Urbach that evaluated this property systematically in crystals. He used silver bromide for his study while working at the Kodak Company in 1953.

Definition 
Absorption in semiconductors is known to increase exponentially near the onset of absorption, spanning several orders of magnitude. Absorption as a function of energy can be described by the following equation:

where  and  are fitting parameters with dimensions of inverse length and energy, respectively, and  is the Urbach Energy. This equation is only valid when . The Urbach Energy is temperature-dependent.

Room temperature values of  for hydrogenated amorphous silicon are typically between 50 meV and 150 meV.

Relationship to charge transport 
The Urbach Energy is often evaluated to make statements on the energetic disorder of band edges in structurally disordered semiconductors. The Urbach Energy has been shown to increase with dangling bond density in hydrogenated amorphous silicon and has been shown to be strongly correlated with the slope of band tails evaluated using transistor measurements. For this reason, it can be used as a proxy for activation energy, , in semiconductors governed by multiple trapping and release. It is important to state that  is not the same as , since  describes the disorder associated with one band, not both.

Measurement 
To evaluate the Urbach Energy, the absorption coefficient needs to be measured over several orders of magnitude. For this reason, high precision techniques such as the constant photocurrent method (CPM) or photothermal deflection spectroscopy are used.

References 

 
Materials science
Semiconductors
Gianluigi Botton. Gianluigi A. Botton  (born 1963) is a French Canadian scientist and engineer. As a Canada Research Chair at McMaster University, he leads the Botton's Group to investigate new materials on the atomic-scale.

Early life and education
Botton was born in 1963. He completed his Bachelor of Engineering degree in physics and PhD in materials engineering from Polytechnique Montréal. Following his PhD, Botton was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Cambridge working under Colin Humphreys from 1993 to 1998. He then joined the Materials Technology Laboratory of Natural Resources Canada in 1998 as a research scientist. Through his post-graduate positions, Botton also earned a summer job studying electron microscopy at Simon Fraser University.

Career
Botton joined the faculty of McMaster University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in 2001. As a professor at McMaster, he also became the founder and inaugural director of the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy since 2008. Throughout his tenure at McMaster, he focused his research laboratory towards the understanding of the structure of different materials at the atomic level. As a result of his efforts, Botton was elected a fellow of the Microscopy Society of America and named a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair. By 2017, Botton was named the recipient of CMSC Metal Physics Award and McMaster's the Faculty of Engineering Research Achievement Award.

In 2018, Botton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for his significant contributions within his field. The following year, Botton was offered, and accepted, a directorship position with the Canadian Light Source (CLS) at the University of Saskatchewan "given his extensive background in materials science and advanced microscopy."
In 2023, Button was appointed CEO of the Diamond Light Source.

References

External links

Living people
Canadian engineers
Academic staff of McMaster University
Canada Research Chairs
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
1963 births
Lancer 40. The Lancer 40 is an American sailboat that was designed by Herb David as a motorsailer and cruiser and first built in 1983.

Production
The design was built by Lancer Yachts in the United States, between 1983 and 1985, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Lancer 40 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a center cockpit, a raked stem, an angled transom, with a fixed swimming platform, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and is fitted with an inboard motor for cruising, docking and maneuvering.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Lancer 40 showing the bow
Photo of a Lancer 40 showing the transom

Keelboats
Motorsailers
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Herb David
Sailboat types built by Lancer Yachts
Lancer 29 PS. The Lancer 29 PS is an American sailboat that was designed by Herb David as a motorsailer and a cruiser and first built in 1984. The PS designation indicates Power Sailer.

Production
The design was built by Lancer Yachts in the United States, starting in 1984 and only a small number were built. It is now out of production.

Design
The Lancer 29 PS is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop, a sharply raked stem, a plumb transom and a fixed long keel. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and is normally fitted with an outboard motor for cruising, docking and maneuvering.

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
In a review Bruce McArthur wrote, "like the other Lancer PS models, these boats were more of a hybrid power-sailboat than a sailing auxiliary or motorsailer and can accept large outboard motors. The Lancer 29 PS was not built in great numbers."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of a Lancer 29 PS

Keelboats
Motorsailers
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Herb David
Sailboat types built by Lancer Yachts
Vida Dujmović. Vida Dujmović is a Canadian computer scientist and mathematician known for her research in graph theory and graph algorithms, and particularly for graph drawing, for the structural theory of graph width parameters including treewidth and queue number, and for the use of these parameters in the parameterized complexity of graph drawing. She is a professor of electrical engineering & computer science at the University of Ottawa, where she holds the University Research Chair in Structural and Algorithmic Graph Theory.

Education
Dujmović studied telecommunications and computer science as an undergraduate at the University of Zagreb, graduating in 1996. She came to McGill University for graduate study in computer science, earning a master's degree in 2000 and completing her Ph.D. in 2004. Her dissertation, Track Layouts of Graphs, was supervised by Sue Whitesides, and won the 2005 NSERC Doctoral Prize of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.

Career
She was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow at Carleton University, a CRM-ISM Postdoctoral Fellow at McGill University, and a postdoctoral researcher again at Carleton University before finally becoming an assistant professor at Carleton University in 2012. She moved to the University of Ottawa in 2013.

Recognition
In 2023 the University of Ottawa gave her the Glinski Award for Excellence in Research and the University Research Chair in Structural and Algorithmic Graph Theory. Vida Dujmović was an invited speaker at the 9th European Congress of Mathematics.

References

External links
Home page

Living people
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian women computer scientists
Canadian women mathematicians
Academic staff of Carleton University
Yugoslav emigrants to Canada
Graph theorists
McGill University alumni
Researchers in geometric algorithms
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
University of Zagreb alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carl Engelman. Carl Engelman (October 21, 1929 – November 26, 1983) was an American computer scientist. Carl is best known as the creator of MATHLAB. He was employed by Mitre Corporation and Symbolics.

He was a visiting professor at the University of Turin through a grant provided by National Research Council (Italy).

References 

1929 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
American computer scientists
Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Aiways U6. The Aiways U6 () is an all-electric battery-powered fastback compact crossover SUV manufactured by the Chinese company Aiways.

Overview

The U6 will be the second all-electric model produced by Chinese start up, Aiways. It is based on the U6 ion concept first shown at the Chengdu Auto Show in China in July 2020, and went into pre-production at Aiways’ Shangrao plant in May 2021.

The U6 will be produced at Aiways’ Shangrao plant, China. The pre-production phase began in May 2021. Mass production for the Chinese market and delivery is planned in 2021. Production for European models will begin later in 2021, and market launch in Europe will be early 2022.

The production version of Aiways U6 keeps the domed glass panoramic roof of the U6 ion concept car. It is styled to be sportier in appearance than the other Aiways model, the U5. It is the second Aiways vehicle to be built on the company's More Adaptable Structure (MAS) platform and will offer features such as remote parking assist which allows the driver to use their smartphone to park the U6 from up to 10 meters away.

New Aiways U6 are expected to be offered with the same warranty and maintenance experience as the U5 which comes with a five-year or  manufacturer warranty.

Aftersales and servicing in Europe is also expected to be provided by in-country partners.

Markets

Thailand
The Aiways Thailand (Aiways and Phoenix EV joint venture) plans to produce Aiways U6 in Thailand by 2023.

References

Aiways
Cars introduced in 2021
Compact crossover sport utility vehicles
Production electric cars
Woo-Duk Chung. Woo-Duk Chung (; born 1980) is a South Korean inventor. He is known for developing a wearable computer and a smartphone application software for accessing electricity market information.

Early life

Childhood
He became familiar with computers in the second grade of elementary school, and graduated the elementary school in Canada. During high school years, he set up a one-person venture company and developed a software that enabled switching between operating systems.

University
In September 2001, while being an undergraduate student of the Seoul National University, he developed a wearable computer that could easily be used in mobility and introduced it to the general public. This was intended to overcome the cumbersome aspects of the laptops and the low performance of the PDAs. Then in the 2002-2003 period, he worked on building a tablet computer. In the following years, he studied electricity market at the graduate school of the same university.

Career

Korea Power Exchange
While participating in the development of the Korean Energy Management System (K-EMS) as a researcher, he developed a free iPhone application in September 2010 that enabled the users to browse various information related to the electricity market, such as the status of real-time electricity supply and demand, transmission and distribution network information, wholesale electricity market price, introduction of the K-EMS, and 10 years' worth of historical grid operation data. It was the first of its kind in South Korea, and the general public could easily check to see if the overall electricity supply was dwindling. He then participated in the designing of the Future Electricity Market Operating System. After being promoted to the senior manager role, he became responsible for the international affairs of the company, working with organizations such as the World Bank, and also dealt with smart grid policies.

Electric vehicles 
With the experience of driving a Chevrolet Bolt EV since 2018 at hand, he has been active in EV-themed online communities and published a thesis on analyzing the car's battery degradation trends using the accumulated driving data. Building upon the answers and shared information provided to the said communities, he published a reference book and wrote a series of opinion columns at a news outlet.

Wearable computer

Features
CPU, RAM, and OS used in the system are all desktop computer parts to preserve the performance characteristics as much as possible, but a miniature form factor industrial motherboard was used in order to enhance portability. A self-designed power supply unit let the system use conventional batteries. Total cost to build was approximately KRW 2 to 2.5 million (US$1,740 to 2,170). It was able to run Microsoft Office, display TV broadcast, and play 3D video games such as Quake III Arena and Max Payne. It could also connect to Internet wirelessly via mobile phone.

Showcases

TV & radio appearances

Awards and nominations

Literary works

Books

Contributions

References

South Korean inventors
1980 births
Living people
Seoul National University alumni
South Korean electrical engineers
Chemturion. The Chemturion is a multi-use, positive pressure totally encapsulating protective suit, manufactured by ILC Dover. It is currently used by Public Health Canada, Boston University, USAMRIID and AI Signal Research, the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, and many industrial companies such as DuPont, Dow, and Georgia Pacific.

The Chemturion is based on technology developed by ILC Dover as part of the development of the Demilitarization Protective Ensemble, a one-piece disposable suit used in chemical weapons disposal.

The Chemturion is commonly used in biohazard environments, including BSL4 environments, and is sometimes known as the "blue suit" because of its colour. Other suits used in BSL4 environments include Honeywell Safety's Delta suits, and HVO suits manufactured by HVO-ISSI-Deutschland GmbH.

References

See also 
 Racal suit, also known as the "orange suit"

Safety clothing
Protective gear
Environmental suits
One-piece suits
Indus (ship). 
Several sailing vessels have been named Indus, after the Indus River, or the constellation Indus:

 Indus, of 140 tons (bm), was launched in 1776 by the Bombay Dockyard as a pilot boat for the Bengal Pilot Service, and later renamed Industry. The French captured her in 1782.
 Indus, of 1,150 tons, was an East Indiaman launched in 1789 in Amsterdam for the Amsterdam Chamber of the Dutch East India Company. She sailed to Batavia, Dutch East Indies, in 1790 and burned in the Batavia Roads in 1794.
 Indus was launched at Calcutta in 1792 and was lost with all hands that year in the Indian Ocean, while carrying rice from Bengal to Great Britain.
  was launched in 1803 at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1804 the British East India Company (EIC) hired her for six voyages to India as an "extra ship". She completed the last of these six voyages in 1814. Thereafter she continued to trade with India, but privately, sailing under a licence from the EIC. She was last listed in 1823.
  was launched at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She initially traded as a West Indiaman. In 1820–1821 she probably made one voyage carrying cargo from Batavia, Dutch East Indies, to Hamburg and Antwerp. After the probable voyage to Batavia Indus traded between Liverpool and Canada. The cargo that Indus carried from Canada back to Liverpool consisted mainly of lumber, including staves. Her surviving crew members abandoned Indus on 8 January 1839 after she became waterlogged.
  was launched in Newburyport, Massachusetts in 1817. She first appeared in the British registries in 1823. Throughout her career she remained owned in the United States, and possibly sailing under the United States flag. She may have briefly traded between Great Britain and Batavia, Dutch East Indies, sailing under a  licence from the EIC. Thereafter, she sailed between Liverpool and New York. She was probably wrecked 24 September 1829; she was last listed in 1833.
Indus was a 425-ton sailing ship chartered by the New Zealand Company in 1842.

Steamships
 , any one of a number of steam ships named Indus

See also
 , any one of five ships and two establishments of the Royal Navy, and one ship of the Royal Indian Navy
  was the lead ship of the  of converted Liberty ships

Citations

References
 
 

Ship names
KRI Rigel. KRI Rigel (933) is the lead ship of the Rigel-class research vessels of the Indonesian Navy. Rigel is name of the brightest star in the constellation Orion. She is the most advanced military oceanographic ship in ASEAN.

Design 
The ships were built based on the BHO ship procurement contract carried out by the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia with the French OCEA shipyard, and is made of aluminum with a weight of 560 tons with dimensions of 60.1 meters long and 11.5 meters wide. She is one of the warships owned by Indonesia, with special specifications for surveys in the ranks of the Indonesian Navy's Hydro-oceanographic Survey Unit. The ships are driven by two MTU Type 8V4000M53 propulsion engines which can produce a maximum speed of 14.0 knots, with a cruising range of 4400 nautical miles and is equipped with AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) equipment that functions to carry out underwater imaging up to a depth of 1000 meters and sends back. periodic data to the main ship in this case the BHO ship. They are also equipped with ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle), SSS (side scan sonar), laser scanner to get an overview of the land, AWS (Automatic Weather Station), deep sea and Singlebeam Multibeam Echosounder, CTD (Conductivity Temperature and Depth) equipment, Gravity Corer, laboratory equipment and fishery survey capability. Rigel is the first ship of the MPRV (Multi Purpose Research Vessel) type to be operated in the ranks of the Indonesian Navy under the Hydro-Oceanographic Survey unit. This ship, one of the newest defense equipment owned by the Indonesian Navy, was built at the OCEA shipyard, Les Sables. d'Olonne, France.

The ship is also equipped with 20 mm and 12.7 mm submachine guns. This ship is for survey and mapping ship that is quite sophisticated because it is equipped with the latest hydro-oceanographic survey equipment that can be used for data collection up to the deep sea.

Construction and career 
The ship was laid down in October 2013 and launched on 11 December 2014 by OCEA Shipbuilding, France. She is commissioned on 11 March 2015. 

On 1 July 2021, her underwater multibeam echosounder technology has succeeded in detecting the presence of the Passenger Motor Ship (KMP) Yunice which sank in the waters of Bali. the ship was detected at position 8° 10' 31,864'' S - 114° 25' 42,986'' T at depths between 72 meters to 78 meters.

References

Ships built in France
2014 ships
Auxiliary ships of the Indonesian Navy
Research vessels
Albert cloth. Albert cloth is a heavy woollen material with different colors or patterns on either side. The cloth had alternative names such as "plaid-back coverts" and "golf cloth". Albert cloth is a double weave fabric, made using a method of weaving in which two layers of fabric are woven simultaneously. It was a reversible, warm material, and useful for overcoats and cloaks.

See also 

 Biretz

References 

Textiles
Flight 4. Flight 4 or Flight 004 may refer to the following aviation accidents or incidents:

Aeroflot Flight 4, crashed on 15 August 1958
Avianca Flight 4, crashed on 14 January 1966
Lauda Air Flight 004, crashed on 26 May 1991

Other uses 

 Starship flight test 4, the first fully successful flight of SpaceX Starship on June 6, 2024

0004
James E. Pitts. James Edward Pitts (born 1964) is a United States Navy vice admiral who has served as the deputy chief of naval operations for warfighting requirements and capabilities since December 2023. He most recently served as the Director of Warfare Integration from 2020 to 2023. Previously, he served as the commander of Submarine Group 7.

Raised in Milton, Florida, Pitts graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1986 with a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering. He later earned a Master of Arts degree in national security affairs from the Naval Postgraduate School in December 1992. His master's thesis was entitled Theater Ballistic Missile Defenses: An Emerging Role for the Navy?.

In April 2023, Pitts was nominated for promotion to vice admiral and assignment as deputy chief of naval operations for warfighting requirements and capabilities.

References

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1964 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Milton, Florida
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
United States submarine commanders
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Navy admirals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal