omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Škoda Type 22E2. The Škoda Type 22E2 type locomotive is a multipurpose electric locomotive built for the North Korean State Railway by the Škoda Works of Czechoslovakia.

Description

Although some lines had been electrified already in the colonial era, the large-scale electrification of North Korea's railways began in 1956 after the end of the Korean War and the subsequent reconstruction of North Korea's railway infrastructure. To work the newly electrified lines, an order was placed with the Škoda Works in Czechoslovakia for electric locomotives of works Type 22E2, based on the Type 12E locomotives built by Škoda for the Czechoslovak State Railways (ČSD class E 499.0).

The Type 12E was developed by Škoda Works based on the technology of the BLS Class Ae 4/4 built by SLM Winterthur. The first prototype was completed in 1953, and production of types 12E1—12E6 continued until 1958 for the ČSD and the Polish State Railways (as class ET13), along with the very similar derivative types - the Type 22E2 for North Korea, and Types 24E0, 41E0—41E2 and 29E0 for the Soviet Railways (as class ЧС1 (ChS1)). All variants of the type were built to operate on the 3,000 V DC system.

These are dual-cab locomotives with welded-steel bodies and two two-axle bogies. Each bogie has two six-pole DC traction motors, one for each axle. Current collection is via pantograph from overhead lines; the on-board electrical system is 48 V.

The total number of Type 22E2 locomotives ordered by the Korean State Railways is not known, but at least three are still in service as of October 2015. Some have been rebuilt in various ways, such as the addition of 'bumpers' on the ends and other features unique to individual units; these have been renumbered (one such rebuilt locomotive carries the number plates of the Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyŏm-class "Pulg'ŭn'gi 4011"), but the unmodified examples continue to carry their original 전기50 series numbers. They are painted in the standard light blue over dark green or light green over dark green scheme used on most other electric locomotives; this scheme is very similar to the livery used on Czechoslovak and Soviet examples of this type.

References

Škoda locomotives
3000 V DC locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
Sperwill Ltd. Sperwill Ltd (sometimes Sperwill Aviation) was a British aircraft manufacturer based in Bristol and founded by Riann Oliver. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European microlight category.

The company seems to have been founded about 2001 and gone out of business in 2009.

The company built a wide range of paramotors noted for their ability to be completely dismantled for ground transport. Each model used a different engine, while retaining similar frame features.

Aircraft

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Ultralight aircraft
Paramotors
Zhou Naixiang. Zhou Naixiang (; born December 1961) is a Chinese political figure and state-owned enterprise executive, who formerly served as the chairman of China State Construction Engineering. He is currently serving as the governor of Shandong.

Biography
Zhou was born in Yixing, Jiangsu. He graduated with a vocational degree from Nanjing University of Technology and later became a senior engineer. In 1982, after graduating, Zhou joined the Jiangsu Construction Engineering Company, where he was a construction worker, translator, then technician. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in December 1987. He went on to the company's branch in Shanghai, where he ascended through the management ranks. He also worked for the company as a member of the senior management team in the United States.

In July 2003, he became vice mayor of Taizhou, Jiangsu, then joined the municipal Party Standing Committee in 2006. In 2008, he was named head of the Jiangsu department of tourism. In October 2010, he was named deputy head of the Jiangsu department of Urban Development and Housing (). In February 2012, he was named acting mayor of Suzhou, confirmed four months later. In January 2016, he was named party chief of Suzhou, succeeding Shi Taifeng, who had been promoted to provincial governor.

In September 2019, he was appointed the Chairman of China State Construction Engineering.

In September 2021, he was appointed the Governor of Shandong.

References 

Politicians from Suzhou
1961 births
Living people
21st-century mayors of places in China
Governors of Shandong
Mayors of Suzhou
Nanjing Tech University alumni
Alternate members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 20th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Delegates to the 12th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 14th National People's Congress
Delegates to the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Discovery 1. Discovery 1 may refer to:

 Discovery 1, a school that merged with Unlimited Paenga Tawhiti to become the Ao Tawhiti state school, based in Christchurch, New Zealand.
 Land Rover Discovery 1, a first-generation Discovery SUV car model by Land Rover.
 NEAR Shoemaker, the first mission of the Discovery program.
 Discovery One, a fictional spacecraft
Wilhelm Hort. Wilhelm Karl Konrad Siegmund Adam Hort (20 March 1878 in Madelungen, now part of Eisenach – 2 June 1938 in Berlin) was a German physicist.

He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Jena, mechanical and electrical engineering at the Technical University of Braunschweig, then completed his studies at the University of Göttingen, where he received a doctorate in physics (1904). In 1917 he received his habilitation at Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) and in 1923 obtained the title of professor.

In 1928, he became head of the department of mechanics at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut für Schwingungsforschung (Heinrich Hertz Institute of Oscillation Research) in Berlin, and in 1931 returned to TU Berlin as chair of Mechanische Schwingungslehre (mechanical oscillations theory). In 1919, with Georg Gehlhoff, he founded the Deutsche Gesellschaft für technische Physik (German Society for Technical Physics).

Published works 
His textbook on vibration theory, Technische Schwingungslehre (1910; expanded edition 1922) was considered to be the main German work on this subject for three decades. His other noteworthy writings are:
 Die Entwicklung des Problems der stetigen Kraftmaschinenreglung nebst einem Versuch der Theorie unstetiger Reglugsvorgange, (1904).
 Die differentialgleichungen des ingenieurs, (1914) – Differential equations for the engineer.
 Handbuch der physikalischen und technischen Mechanik, (1927) (with Felix Auerbach) – Handbook of physical and technical mechanics.
 Die Differentialgleichungen der Technik und Physik, 3rd edition, 1939 (with Wilhelm Thoma) – Differential equations of engineering and physics.

References 

1878 births
1938 deaths
People from Eisenach
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
University of Jena alumni
University of Göttingen alumni
20th-century German physicists
Muhammad Naeem (physicist). Muhammad Naeem (born October 1, 1949) is a Pakistani nuclear scientist who was the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). He is also the current chairman of the Board of Governors of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS).

References

External links 
 Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Website
 Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Website

Living people
Pakistani nuclear physicists
Academic staff of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
21st-century Pakistani scientists
20th-century Pakistani scientists
1949 births
Chairpersons of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Axonic Informationssysteme GmbH. Axonic Informationssysteme GmbH is a privately held software developer, based in Karlsruhe, Germany that develops and markets products focused on digital communication and information.

History
Axonic was founded in 2003 by Martin Welker in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg.

List of products by order of release

References

External links
Website of Axonic Informationssysteme GmbH

Software companies of Germany
Software companies established in 2003
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
German companies established in 2003
BWDA Polytechnic College. BWDA Polytechnic College is a technical educational institution founded in 2009 in Vendalicode, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Diploma courses
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Mech)	
Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)	
Diploma in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
Diploma in Computer Engineering (DCE)
Diploma in Civil Engineering (DCE)

References

External links
BWDA College

Private engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Universities and colleges in Kanyakumari district
Educational institutions established in 2009
2009 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Cyborg art. Cyborg art, also known as cyborgism, is an art movement that began in the mid-2000s in Britain. It is based on the creation and addition of new senses to the body via cybernetic implants and the creation of art works through new senses. Cyborg artworks are created by cyborg artists; artists whose senses have been voluntarily enhanced through cybernetic implants.

Artists

Among the early artists shaping the cyborg art movement are Neil Harbisson, whose antenna implant allows him to perceive ultraviolet and infrared colours, and Moon Ribas whose implants in her feet allow her to feel earthquakes and moonquakes.

Other cyborg artists include:

 Manel De Aguas, a Catalan photographer who developed fins that allow him to perceive atmospheric pressure, humidity and temperature through a couple of implants at each side of his head.
 Joe Dekni, an artist who has developed and installed a radar system in his head. The sensory system includes two implants in his cheekbones. 
 Pau Prats, creator of a system that allows him to feel the ultraviolet ray levels that reach his skin. 
 Alex Garcia, whose sensor installed in his chest allows him to feel the air quality levels around him. 
 Kai Landre, a musician developing two implants to hear the sound of the particles affected by the collusion of cosmic rays.
 Hannah Meltzer, a visual and performance artist who has magnets implanted in her fingers and ears which allow her to feel magnetic fields.
 Dodo K. Doudová, Czech autism rights advocate who has a sensor that allows them to feel ionizing radiation on their own skin as vibrations and a subdermal chip implant.

See also 

 Cyborg Foundation
 Manel De Aguas
 Marcel·lí Antúnez Roca
 Marco Donnarumma
 Moon Ribas
 Neil Harbisson
 Shu Lea Cheang
 Stelarc

References 

Contemporary art movements
Avant-garde art
Transhumanism
Posthumanism
Subcultures
Technological change
Body art
Body modification
Losses in electrical systems. In an electrical or electronic circuit or power system part of the energy in play is dissipated by unwanted effects, including energy lost by unwanted heating of resistive components (electricity is also used for the intention of heating, which is not a loss), the effect of parasitic elements (resistance, capacitance, and inductance), skin effect, losses in the windings and cores of transformers due to resistive heating and magnetic losses caused by eddy currents, hysteresis, unwanted radiation, dielectric loss, corona discharge, and other effects. There are also losses during electric power transmission.

In addition to these losses of energy, there may be non-technical loss of revenue and profit, leading to electrical energy generated not being paid for, primarily due to theft. These losses include meter tampering and bypassing, arranged false meter readings, faulty meters, and un-metered supply. Non-technical losses are reported to account for up to 40% of the total electricity distributed in some countries. Technical and human errors in meter readings, data processing and billing may occur, and may lead to either over-charging or under-charging.

Parasitic losses in electricity production
With regard to electricity production, "parasitic loss" it is any of the loads or devices powered by the generator, not contributing to net electric yield. It is found by subtracting productive yield from gross yield:

where:
 GY is gross electric yield (the output of the generator);
 PY is productive yield (the electricity which is made available to external electric loads)
 PL is parasitic load.

See also 
 Electric power transmission
 Standby power
 Leakage (electronics)

References 

Electric power
Stair nosing. Nosing is the horizontal, protruding edge of a stair where most foot traffic frequently occurs.

Tread nosing 
The horizontal projection to the front of a tread where most foot traffic frequently occurs. The nosing is the protrusion beyond the riser when vertical risers are used, or beyond the back of the tread below, when angled risers or no risers are used. Anti-slip strips or nosings may be applied. These stair parts can be manufactured from a variety of materials including aluminum, vinyl, and wood.

Landing nosing 
The landing nosing will often travel into the landing area to border the bottom of the balusters. The projection over the landing face will be the same as for the treads in the staircase.

Nosing projection 
In timber flights, The nosing traditionally projects forward of the riser, the same distance as the thickness of the tread material.

Safety 
Stair nosing, especially in commercial and industrial settings, are typically fitted with a non-slip surface to increase traction and prevent injury or even death from slips, trips, and falls. The National Safety Council reports that there are over one million stair-related accidents every year. Installing anti-slip nosing is a proven method of accident prevention.

California Title 24 Compliance
Many states have introduced laws and mandates that require new staircase construction to include an abrasive surface or stair tread to minimize the risk of stairway related incidents. One notable instance of this type of building regulation is 'Title 24, Part 2, Section 2-3326(b)' of the California Energy Commission's "Building Energy Efficiency Program".

The regulation contains a detailed set of rules that must be followed when installing new steps in settings like municipal buildings, industrial plants, schools, etc. Perhaps the most recognizable standard in California's Title 24 building code is the need for a slip-resistant tread or nosing that is of contrasting color from the steps. This regulation affects not only future stair installations, but existing stairs as well. The purpose of this is to increase the discernibility of each step to prevent accidents for those who may be visually-impaired.

References

Stairs
Stairways
Architectural elements
Building engineering
Safety codes
Craft Aerotech 200. The Craft Aerotech 200 is an American two-seat autogyro that was designed by Jack Craft and produced by Craft Aerotech of Missoula, Montana, United States. The autogyro was supplied as a kit for amateur construction and was also available as a plan.

Design and development
The Craft Aerotech 200 has a metal tube frame and a composite structure with two enclosed side by side seats. It has a single two-bladed rotor and is powered by two  Rotax 503 engines, mounted side-by-side in a pusher configuration. It has a fixed tricycle landing gear.

Specifications

See also

References

1990s United States sport aircraft
Autogyros
Homebuilt aircraft
Twin-engined pusher aircraft
Keller Machine. A Keller Machine is a machine for bending candy cane sticks.

Patent
Patent #2,956,520 for a "candy cane forming machine" was issued on October 18, 1960 to Fr. Gregory H. Keller, a Roman Catholic priest who aside from his parish ministry helped his brother-in-law with his candy company. The patent was originally co-assigned to Robert E. McCormack.  Robert McCormack was the founder of Bobs Candies.

Design and operation

First, candy sticks cut to the desired length enter the machine.  Each stick is bent individually, but the machine has a system of multiple grippers and rollers to continually bend the sticks, one after the other.  As each stick enters the machine, it is positioned in a gripper which holds the straight portion of the cane with the part to be bent protruding out.  Each gripper has on one side a curved die which the protruding end will be bent over.  The candy stick is first bent to a right angle as it is moved past and put into contact with an inclined face.  The patent application describes two potential versions of the mechanism which complete the bending process.

The first version of the mechanism has a chain around two sprockets on which are mounted bending rollers.  Each bending roller is attached to a cam which rides along another inclined face to move the roller along the protruding surface of the cane to complete bending it around the die.  In the second version, the chain and sprockets are replaced by a wheel on which the bending rollers are mounted.

Modern production
In modern candy cane production, the sticks are wrapped in cellophane before they are bent.

Bobs Candies was sold to Farley's and Sathers in Spring 2005.  Farley's and Sathers merged with the Ferrara Candy Company which continues to make candy canes under the Bobs name.

See also
 Candy cane
 Food packaging
 Food technology

References

External links
 Bobs: Ferrara Candy Company

Food technology
Inventions
Food processing
John Grist Brainerd. John Grist Brainerd (August 7, 1904 – February 1, 1988) was an American electrical engineer who served as principal investigator on the project to build ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. Later, he was dean of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania.

Brainerd was born in 1904; he earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania in 1925, and a Ph.D. in 1929. He became an instructor in the Moore school in 1925 and directed the school from 1954 to 1970. In 1970 he retired, as emeritus University Professor.

Brainerd's most famous contribution, with J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly, and others, was the creation of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. Although Eckert and Mauchly were the chief designers of ENIAC, Brainerd was selected as principal investigator of the ENIAC project, which took place between 1943 and 1946 at the Moore school. He also helped found the graduate program in electrical engineering at Penn, in 1927, and wrote two textbooks, High Frequency Alternating Currents (1931) and Ultra-High Frequency Techniques (1942). After retiring, he became president of the Society for the History of Technology.

Brainerd was the recipient of the IEEE Founders Medal in 1975 "for his leadership in electronics in fields encompassing computer technology, high frequency techniques, engineering education, and national and international electrical standardization."

References

1904 births
1988 deaths
American electrical engineers
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
20th-century American engineers
4 June Rolling Stock Works. The 4 June Rolling Stock Works (, 6.4 Ch'aryang Chonghap Kiŏpso) is a manufacturer of railway rolling stock in Wŏnsan, North Korea. It is a subordinate division of the DPRK Ministry of Railways. The plant covers an area of , of which , and employs 6,000 workers. It is capable of producing 3,000 new freight cars per year, as well as repairing 200 steam locomotives and 130 buses.

The plant was originally built in the colonial era, specialising in the production of parts for rolling stock and undertaking minor locomotive repairs. It was destroyed during the Korean War and was repaired and expanded with Polish assistance after the Korean Armistice Agreement, becoming operational, producing 30-ton freight cars, on 15 June 1957. The first trial of an all-steel gondola of 60 tons capacity took place in 1959, with mass production of the design commencing in 1966. Production of the Type 551 boxcar began on 10 May 1963, and in 1982, a new four-bogie gondola of 100 tons capacity (Mu12 class, Korean State Railway 48000-series) and cleared for 90 km/h service, was introduced, entering production in 1987. A covered hopper of 60 ton capacity (Se3, KSR 18000-series) has been produced since 1991.

See also
 Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works

References

Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1957
Manufacturing companies of North Korea
Rolling stock manufacturers of North Korea
1957 establishments in North Korea
Judith Lowe. Judith Ann Lowe  is the former deputy chair of the Construction Industry Training Board.

Honours 
She was appointed Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to the construction industry, particularly women in construction.

References 

British civil engineers
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alexey Yakovlevich Kuznetsov. Alexey Yakovlevich Kuznetsov (; 1910, Moscow –  1969, Moscow) was a Soviet engineer, Hero of Socialist Labor (1961).

Biography 
Alexey Kuznetsov was born in 1910 in Moscow. He graduated from high school, Rabfak and Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Since 1933 he worked on the construction of Moscow Canal.

He took an active part in the construction of the Uglich and Rybinsk power plant and waterworks, flooding large areas of Rybinsk Reservoir. Since 1956, Kuznetsov was the chief engineer of construction management  Stalingradgidrostroy.  Under his leadership, carried out the construction of the Stalingrad (now - the Volga Hydroelectric Station) hydropower plant.

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on September 9, 1961, for  Alexey Kuznetsov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with delivery Order of Lenin and medal Hammer and Sickle.

Since 1962, Kuznetsov served as Deputy Head of the Department of construction of energy facilities of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR. Soon, he was sent to Egypt, the chief engineer of construction management, is engaged in construction Aswan Dam. In 1968, he fell ill and went to Moscow for treatment. He died a few months later, in 1969.

References

External links
 К 50-летию со дня пуска первого агрегата Волжской ГЭС
 Колумбарий Новой, Новейшей территорий

1910 births
1969 deaths
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Soviet civil engineers