omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mitsubishi 3MT5. The Mitsubishi 3MT5 was a Japanese bomber of the 1930s. It was a twin-engined biplane that was intended to operate from Japanese aircraft carriers, but proved to be unsuitable for carrier use, and the eleven aircraft built were instead used as land-based trainers.

Design and development
In 1929, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service developed a requirement for a large twin-engined carrier-based torpedo-bomber, with an order being placed with Mitsubishi in January 1930. Design of the new aircraft has entrusted to a team led by the British engineer G. E. Petty. The design process was prolonged, as the Navy kept changing their requirements, and the first of eleven prototypes, designated 3MT5 by Mitsubishi and the 7-Shi Twin-engine Carrier Aircraft by the Navy, was completed in September 1932.  The new torpedo bomber was a two-bay biplane with folding wings, and was of mixed construction, with a wood and metal fuselage and a metal wing structure with fabric covering. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and was powered by two Mitsubishi A4 radial engines (later developed into the Mitsubishi Kinsei) driving two-bladed propellers.

The first prototype made its maiden flight on 19 October 1932, with a further three prototypes (all designated 3MT5A by Mitsubishi) being completed in 1932.  The remaining five prototypes (3MT5) were completed in 1933 incorporating modifications based on initial testing, with a twin tail replacing the single fin and rudder of the first four aircraft, three-bay wings and four-bladed propellers being fitted. Despite these changes, the aircraft was difficult to control, and suffered from severe vibration, which on one test flight in March 1934, resulted in all four ailerons being torn off the wings of one of the prototypes, which was safely landed.  These problems could not be resolved, and the lengthy development meant that the type was now obsolete, so no production followed.

There is sometimes confusion between this aircraft and the 'Mitsubishi Navy 8-shi Experimental Attack Bomber' (also designated Mitsubishi G1M), which was a monoplane, two entirely different aircraft.

Operational history
The 3MT5 was not considered suitable for use aboard aircraft carriers, and was therefore relegated to land-based operations as the Navy Type 93 Land-Based Attack Aircraft. Unfit for combat, it was mainly used as a trainer with the Tateyama Kōkūtai for more modern twin-engined aircraft.

Designations
The Mitsubishi 3MT5 was variously designated:-
Mitsubishi 3MT5
Mitsubishi 3MT5A
Mitsubishi Navy 7-shi Experimental Carrier Attack Bomber
Mitsubishi Navy Type 93 Land Attack Bomber
Mitsubishi G1M (also used for the (8-shi Experimental Attack Bomber))

Specifications (3MT5)

Notes

References

Mikesh, Robert and Shorzoe Abe. Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941. London:Putnam, 1990. .
Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941. By Mark R. Peattie

External links

 
 

3MT5
1930s Japanese bomber aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Demirköprü (bridge). Demirköprü (literally iron bridge) is a railway bridge spanning the Seyhan River in Adana. Opened in 1912, it extends 530 meters between Reşatbey and Sinanpaşa neighborhoods. Demirköprü is a steel bridge constructed by German Engineers in part of the Berlin-Baghdad Railway project. It was last renovated in 2006.

Gallery

References 

Bridges in Adana
Landmarks in Adana
Bridges over the Seyhan River
Steel bridges
Bridges completed in 1912
Railway bridges in Turkey
1912 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Baghdad railway
SS Elbe (1921). Elbe was a  cargo ship that was built in 1921 by Nobiskrug Werft, Rendsburg for German owners. She was seized by the Allies at Copenhagen, Denmark in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Confederation. In 1946, she was transferred to the Soviet Union and renamed José Dias (Хозе Диас). She served until she was scrapped in 1966.

Description
The ship was built in 1912 by Nobiskrug Werft GmbH, Rendsburg.

The ship was  long, with a beam of  a depth of . She had a GRT of 1,197 and a NRT of 641.

The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by . The engine was built by Ottensener Maschinenfabrik GmbH, Altona.

History
Elbe was built for Bugsier Reederei & Bergungs AG, Hamburg. Her port of registry was Hamburg and the Code Letters RBVM were allocated. In 1934, her Code Letters were changed to DHGB.

In May 1945, Elbe was seized by the Allies at Copenhagen, Denmark. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Confederation. Her port of registry was changed to London The Code Letters GKRD and United Kingdom Official Number 180614 were allocated. She was operated under the management of Buchan & Hogg Ltd. Empire Confederation was assessed as , . In 1946, she was allocated to the Soviet Union and renamed José Dias. She was scrapped in 1966.

References

1921 ships
Ships built in Rendsburg
Steamships of Germany
Merchant ships of Germany
World War II merchant ships of Germany
Ministry of War Transport ships
Empire ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of the Soviet Union
Merchant ships of the Soviet Union
Crop oil. Crop oil or crop oil concentrates are petroleum-based additives that are used as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of pesticides in agricultural applications. Crop oils are composed primarily of paraffin or naphtha-based petroleum oil and crop oil concentrates are composed of emulsifiable petroleum-based oil.  The addition of a surfactant and/or emulsifier is commonly added in order to increase spray dispersal and uptake by both plant and insect hosts in pesticides and herbicides.

Alternatives 
In addition to crop oils and crop oil concentrates, methylated seed oils are also used as adjuvants for herbicide applications.

References

See also 
 pesticides 
 Petroleum additives

Pesticides
ISO 8501-1. ISO 8501-1 – Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings

It is an ISO standard, hardback A5-format book in four languages (English, French, German and Swedish), which specifies a series of rust grades and preparation grades of steel surfaces. The various grades are defined by written descriptions together with photographs that are representative examples within the tolerance for each grade as described in words.

It is applicable to hot rolling steel surfaces prepared for painting by methods such as blast-cleaning, hand and power tool cleaning and flame cleaning, although these methods rarely lead to comparable results. Essentially, these methods are intended for hot-rolled steel, but blast-cleaning methods, in particular, could also be used on cold-rolling steel of sufficient thickness to withstand any deformation caused by the impact of the abrasive or the effects of power tool cleaning.

This part of ISO 8501 is applicable also to steel substrates that show residues of firmly adhering paint and other foreign matter in addition to residual mill scale.

Revision information
 ISO 8501-1:2007
 ISO 8501-1:1988 
 ISO 8501-1:1988/Suppl:1994

Corrigenda, Amendments and other parts
 ISO 8501-2:1994. 
 ISO 8501-3:2006 
 ISO 8501-4:2006

References

 ISO Catalogue in the ISO website

08501
AT&T Sceptre. The AT&T Sceptre was a graphical terminal launched by AT&T in October 1983, used for the two largest deployments of videotex in the United States: Knight Ridder's Viewtron service in Florida, and the Los Angeles Times' Gateway service in Southern California. The Sceptre was the basic bit of home kit needed for the services, to paint NAPLPS-standard geometrically-specified pages to the screen.

The set top unit came with a separate battery-powered infrared wireless keyboard and an integrated 1200/75 baud 7-bit modem, and used a domestic television set for display.  Internally it was based on an Intel 8088 processor, the same as used in the original IBM PC, with 127K ROM and 48K RAM, and display circuitry based on a 6845 CRTC.  These provided a high resolution  raster display, in 16 colors chosen from a palette of 256–more than supported by most home computers of the time.  However, unlike those machines the Sceptre was strictly a dedicated terminal.  There was no possibility of using it for independent computing.

The Sceptre was initially offered at $600, an "introductory discount" on an intended list price of $900.  (It was said that each one cost AT&T $1200 to manufacture).  Specifying the Sceptre gave the videotex services the advantage of a single graphics standard to design their pages to, and it positioned the services squarely as aiming for the more general domestic consumer-electronics customer, rather than a more specialist computing sector.  But there were few takers at the price, and sales were not helped by the further subscription and access connection charges, the leisurely speed of the system, and the relatively uninvolving nature of the information on the service.  In May 1984 Viewtron responded by offering combined rental of the Sceptre and subscription for $39.95 a month, but take-up was still slight, and in May 1985 Viewtron belatedly opened the service to microcomputers.

Both Viewtron and the Times-Mirror's Gateway service folded in March 1986. It was estimated that between them the two services had cost the ventures' owners and their partners in the region of $80 million. Keyfax, a third NAPLPS-based service, based in Chicago, had offered its users an alternative Honeywell Synertek design, somewhat sleeker in appearance than ATT's Sceptre, initially for $750, later reduced to $350; or to use their own computers. Its service was also closed down, in May 1986.

The NAPLPS protocol was later re-used for the basis of the graphics of the Prodigy online service, which began in 1988.  But this was wholly directed at microcomputer owners running special software. It made no attempt to seek users with dedicated terminals.

References

External links 
 Picture of an AT&T Sceptre
 Henry Urrows, Floridians experiment with videotex buying, InfoWorld, April 9, 1984.  Includes discussion of the Sceptre.

AT&T
Videotex
Computer terminals
Computer-related introductions in 1983
Akaflieg München Mü23 Saurier. The Akaflieg München Mü23 Saurier is a two-seat motor-glider designed and built in Germany from 1956.

Development 
In 1957 the students at  Akaflieg München began the design and construction of the Mü23 Saurier motor-glider. Using the classic 'Munich School' construction technique, the Mü23 was built using fabric covered welded steel tube for the fuselage and wooden wings and tail covered with plywood and fabric. The pilot sitting directly behind the engine under a built up transparent canopy and the passenger sitting in a compartment under the centre section of the wing, similar to the seating arrangement of the Akaflieg München Mü10 Milan

Using the Mü Scheibe aerofoil section imbued the Mü23 with excellent low speed characteristics and short landings and takeoffs, but development was slowed by problems with the chosen engines, initially a Volkswagen VW1200, later a Braendle ZB700 and finally a Volkswagen VW1500N which gave satisfactory performance.

Once the performance of the aircraft could be guaranteed with the VW1500N engine, the  Mü23 took part in sailplane and motor glider competitions with some success. In 2010 the  Mü23 is undergoing restoration.

Specifications (Mü23 Saurier)

References

External links

 RC Groups, Photos and drawings of the Mü23
 RC Groups, Photos and drawings of a 5m Mü23 R/C model

Mu23
1950s German civil aircraft
Motor gliders
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
CP Class 5600. Class 5600 are a series of electric locomotives built by Siemens in association with Sorefame of Portugal for Comboios de Portugal, the state owned railway company of Portugal.

Overview
The 5600 locomotives predate the EuroSprinter family of modular locomotives built by Siemens for European railway companies, but have much in common with the later machines. Externally the locomotives are identical to Spain's Class 252 which were built at the same time, albeit without DC capability.

Accidents
Of the 30 locomotives that were originally bought, 5624 was severely damaged in an accident in 2003, and 5613 was also damaged in the Alfarelos train crash.

See also
EuroSprinter
Sorefame (Portuguese), Sociedades Reunidas de Fabricações Metálicas
Renfe Class 252 Similar locomotives built from 1991-1996 for the Spanish Railways
OSE Class 120 similar locomotives build by KraussMaffei-Siemens for Hellenic Railways Organization in 1997-2005, Operating on 25kV 50Hz AC

References

External links

CP 5600 @ Trainspo

Siemens locomotives
Electric locomotives of Portugal
Railway locomotives introduced in 1993
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
John McDougall (mechanical engineer). John Donovan McDougall is a British mechanical engineer.

He worked at the Davy Corporation, Whessoe and Sterling Furnaces.
In 1975, he joined WS Atkins Consultants, as a project engineer.   
In 1991, he was promoted to Managing Director. 
He is a Director at Darlington Building Society.

He was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 2002.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Akaflieg München Mü26. The Akaflieg München Mü26 is a high performance single-seat glider designed and built in Germany starting in 1970.

Development 
After the success of the Akaflieg München Mü22, the students at  Akaflieg München designed the Mü22d variant with a fibreglass fuselage, retaining the all-flying vee-tail and forward swept wooden wings of the earlier aircraft. Before the aircraft was completed it was given the new designation of  Mü26. As with the  Mü22 the closely spaced ribs and relatively thick plywood skin give the wings a high quality surface seldom found in other wooden aircraft. The supine seating position also reduced the cross-section of the cockpit to a minimum, reducing drag but resulting in cramped conditions in the cockpit.

First flight came in July 1971 at Oberpfaffenhofen, with the Mü 26 carrying out flight tests and 
cross-country flying until a crash in 1984 forced the airframe to be stored in the roof of the gliding club hangar. Veteran Akaflieger Rainer, Till and Skonz acquired the aircraft in 1987 and have restored it beautifully, after many years of painstaking work

To prove the competitiveness of the design, it was entered in the 2006 Austrian Federal Junior Gliding Championship, coming in fourth behind the Rolladen Schneider LS-3, fitted with the Akaflieg München automatic flap system, flown by Benz.

Specifications (Mü26)

See also

References

1970s German sailplanes
Mu26
Aircraft first flown in 1971
V-tail aircraft
Chevrolet E-Spark. The Chevrolet E-Spark was Chevrolet's proposed electric car for the Indian market. It was supposed to be an entry-level hatchback based on the Chevrolet Spark.

E-Spark was to be a joint venture between General Motors (GM) and RECC (Reva Electric Car Company) with GM providing the Chevrolet Spark platform and RECC providing the electric motor-battery kit. Unveiled in Auto Expo 2010, New Delhi, this car was supposed to hit the Indian consumers in October.
 
But everything changed with Mahindra picking up 55.2% controlling stake in the Bangalore based Maini Group that owns RECC and the project was cancelled as Mahindra and GM are rival competitors in the Indian auto industry

See also
Chevrolet Spark EV

References

Electric concept cars
E-Spark
John Robinson (engineer). John Robinson (27 March 1823, Skipton – 9 July 1902, Westwood Hall, Leek, Staffordshire) was a British locomotive engineer.

He was apprenticed in 1839 to Sharp, Roberts and Co, and in 1843 he became a partner.  
He became vice-chairman and co-managing director, with the chairman, C. P. Stewart.  
Upon Stewart's death in 1882, Robinson became Chairman, which position he retained until his retirement in 1890, the year after the company moved to Glasgow.
He was a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers from 9 April 1872, a Member of Council from 1866, a Vice-President from 1870.  He was elected President in 1878, and in 1879.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Staffordshire, and was High Sheriff of Staffordshire for 1882.

Family
He married Helen Lees, (c 1827 - 1908) in 1848; they had children: 
 Emily Lees Robinson (22 May 1849 - 1900) 
 Rev. Arthur Edward Robinson (1851 - )
 John Frederick Robinson (24 May 1853 -)
 Helen Susan Robinson (1855 - )
 Herbert M. Robinson (1859 - )
 Edith Marianne Robinson (1860 - 1876)

References

1823 births
1902 deaths
English railway mechanical engineers
High sheriffs of Staffordshire
People from Skipton
Engineers from Yorkshire
Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology. The Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology (CQIST) is a Multi-School Organized Research Unit at the University of Southern California. Its mission is to advance fundamental experimental and theoretical knowledge in areas of Engineering and Physical Science relevant to Quantum Information Science. CQIST mentors graduate and postdoctoral research, sponsors a visiting scholars program, develops and teaches novel courses, organizes international conferences and workshops, and holds regular seminar series. In December 2007 it hosted the First International Conference on Quantum Error Correction. CQIST was founded in October 2006. Its first and current director is Daniel Lidar.

Research
CQIST faculty members engage in a variety of Quantum Information Science related research, spanning both theoretical and experimental aspects. Currently active research areas include quantum error correction, adiabatic quantum computation, quantum phase transitions, coherent control, photonics, and quantum electronics.

References

External links 
 CQIST website

Institutes of the University of Southern California
Quantum information science
Research institutes in California
Percy G. B. Westmacott. Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott (1830 Edinburgh – 10 September 1917) was a British mechanical engineer.

He married Annette Beatrice (née Berners); their children were:
 Evelyn Westmacott (born c 1862)
 Henry A. Westmacott (born 1866)
 John Westmacott (born c 1873 )
 Lewis Westmacott (born 3 August 1871, died 27 November 1949) Married 20 April 1898, Evelyn Bayley, of Dublin.
 Mabel Westmacott (born c 1876)
 Rachel Westmacott (born c 1878)
 Gerald Westmacott (born c April 1880)

References

Sources
A Victorian Engineer: the life of Percy G. B. Westmacott (1830–1917), Editors Mabel Noble, Dorothy Boyd. 1973, Eyre and Spottiswoode Ltd.

External links

1830 births
1917 deaths
Scottish mechanical engineers
Engineers from Edinburgh
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
Tibor Czibere. Tibor Czibere (16 October 1930 – 24 December 2023) was a Hungarian engineer and politician, who served as Minister of Education between 1988 and 1989. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences since 1985. Czibere served as rector of the University of Miskolc between 1978 and 1986. He died on 24 December 2023, at the age of 93.

References

Sources
 Biography

1930 births
2023 deaths
Hungarian engineers
People from Tapolca
Ministers of education of Hungary
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Akaflieg München Mü31. The Akaflieg München Mü31 is a high-performance single-seat glider aircraft that is under design in Germany as of 2010.

Development
After completion of the Akaflieg München Mü30 Schlacro, students turned to the design of a new 15m-FAI racing class glider, with a maximum span of 15m (49 ft 3in), a maximum of 150 liters (40 US gallons) of water ballast and full-span flaps. Designated Akaflieg München Mü31, this glider is being designed to minimize interference drag between fuselage and wing root, with several variations being studied to select the ideal configuration:
planar wing in midwing configuration (conventional).
high-mounted wing with a swept wing root/fuselage transition.
high-mounted wing with turbulent flow at the joint between wing and fuselage.

These concepts were wind-tunnel-tested in 2006. The third configuration was deemed to be best. The resulting fuselage wing joint is similar to a pylon with the wing suspended by the leading edge, leaving uninterrupted flow at the trailing edge. This layout has the advantages of:
continuous upper wing surface
only two intersections between fuselage and wing as opposed to four in a more conventional mounting
turbulence created by the wing/fuselage joint does not disturb flow over the rear of the fuselage pod and boom
approximately elliptical lift distribution can be attained, reducing induced drag significantly.

To keep construction costs low, the Mü31 will be built using components from the Schleicher ASW 27, such as the forward fuselage, rear fuselage and tail and outer wings.

Specifications and projected performance (Mü31)

References

External links

Mü31 progress report

2010s German sailplanes
Mu31
Aircraft first flown in 2017
High-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Wales West Light Railway. The Wales West Light Railway is a 1.6-kilometre (1 mi)  narrow gauge tourist railway in Silverhill, Alabama owned by Ann and Ken Zadnichek. It is built to simulate a Welsh narrow gauge railway. The railway and associated RV park host over 30,000 visitors annually.

Rolling stock

Locomotives

Dame Ann

Dame Ann is an 11,700-pound  steam locomotive built by Exmoor Steam Railway in Bratton Fleming, England. Her steam trials were completed at the Launceston Steam Railway in Cornwall. She was delivered to the Wales West Light Railway in 2004. Dame Ann is based on the Penrhyn Port Class locomotive built by Hunslet Engine Company in the 19th century. At the time of her construction, she was the first Port Class Hunslet engine built in 83 years.

Gareth
Gareth is a Simplex 40S diesel locomotive built by British locomotive-building company Motor Rail in the mid 1960s. The two thousand pound locomotive was purchased from Alan Keef Ltd for use in the construction of the Wales West Light Railway. Gareth originally featured steam out-line body and had been used to pull a single car train in Scotland. His new owners replaced the steam out-line body with a body modeled after the Simplex-type diesels produced by Alan Keef in the 1980s.

Passenger cars
Passenger cars on the Wales West Light Railway are replicas based on plans dating to the 19th century. They are built of wood over steel frames with wheels imported from England, and are equipped with modern air brakes.

7.5-inch railway
Wales West Light Railway also operates a shorter 7.5" gauge miniature ridable railway.

References

External links

Wales West Website
Video on Youtube
More information on the Motor Rail Simplex 40S
Simplex 40S history

Heritage railroads in Alabama
Narrow gauge railroads in Alabama
2 ft gauge railways in the United States
7½ in gauge railways in the United States
Transportation in Baldwin County, Alabama
Museums in Baldwin County, Alabama
Railroad museums in Alabama
Railway lines opened in 2004
Railway services introduced in 2004
Tourist attractions in Baldwin County, Alabama
Baldwin County, Alabama