omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Yakovlev Yak-32. The Yakovlev Yak-32 (NATO reporting name Mantis) is a single-seat version of the Yakovlev Yak-30 (1960), and was claimed by the OKB to be the world's first sporting aircraft with an ejection seat. This version was designated Yak-104PS. Neither the Yak-30 nor the Yak-32 entered production.

Design and development
Developed concurrently with the Yak-30, the Yak-32 was a single-seat aircraft designed as both a sporting jet, and a light military ground attack aircraft.
The airframe of the Yak-32 was that of the Yak-30, but modified to include only a single seat. Yakovlev had intended to market the aircraft as a sporting jet at a time when no other single-seat jet aircraft were being marketed for civilian use. In fact, it would not be until the introduction of the jet version of the Bede BD-5 in the 1970s that another sport aircraft like the Yak-32 was offered. Even in the 21st century, single-seat sporting jets are rarely offered by manufacturers.

The light attack version of the Yak-32 was designated Yak-32Sh, and was planned to include more sophisticated avionics than the Yak-32. It could also carry external fuel and weapons loads, including a ZB-500 or ZB-360 external fuel tank, bombs of up to 500 kg, up to four rocket launchers (the largest being the UB-32/S-5), up to four K-13/R-3S missiles, four ARS-240 rockets, or four AOI-9 or UKP-23 gun pods, each with 250 rounds.

On 5 August 1971, one of the Yak-32s was ordered to be equipped with RU19P-300 which has been modified to permit longer inverted flight. The aircraft received the designation Yak-32P. Flight evaluation of the aircraft was just as good as the original Yak-32.

Operational history
Three Yak-32 prototypes were built in 1960—1961 at the same time as the four prototype Yak-30s trainers. They had callsigns 32, 60 and 70. The aircraft 30 and 70 gave aerobatic demonstrations at the 1961 Aviation Day at Tushino. They went on to set several world class records (their thrust being misreported to the FAI as 800 kg).

The ASCC allocated the name "Mantis" to the Yak-32/Yak-104.

Survivors
 One Yak-32 was preserved by Yakovlev and is on display at Khodinka, displayed in the OKB's house colors of red and white.

Specifications (Yak-32 No.1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Jakubovich, Nikolay. Wings of Motherland: Aviation and politics, or how 'Dolphin' destroyed Yak-30.

External links

Aero-concept.com
Ctrl-c.liu.se
Airwar.ru (RU)
Yak-30 Walkaround

1960s Soviet military trainer aircraft
Yak-032 1960
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1960
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Low-wing aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft
William McLean (civil servant). Sir William Hannah McLean, KBE (1877–1967), was a British engineer, colonial development specialist, colonial administrator, and politician.

Educated privately and at Glasgow University, McLean trained as a civil engineer, then joined the Sudan Civil Service in 1906, where he came into contact with Lord Kitchener over the planning of Khartoum, for whose layout he was responsible. At the request of Kitchener, he transferred to the Egyptian Civil Service in 1913 and became Engineer-in-Chief, Ministry of Interior, where he planned Alexandria and initiated the national and regional development planning scheme for Egypt. During the First World War, he was in charge of the protection of town water supplies in Egypt.

In 1918, he prepared a protective urban planning scheme for Jerusalem, which was approved by Lord Allenby. He divided Jerusalem into four zones:

 the Old City, in which a ‘‘medieval aspect’’ was to be preserved through the prohibition of all new construction;
 a zone of non-construction around the Old City, where undesirable buildings would be cleared and the area left to its natural state;
 an area to the north and east of the Old City, where buildings could be erected only with special approval; and
 an area to the north and west of the Old City that was set aside for modern development.

He retired from the Egyptian Civil Service in 1926 and returned to Glasgow University, where he engaged in technical and economic research in regional planning, for which he was awarded a PhD in 1929.

He was a Scottish Unionist Party member of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom for Glasgow Tradeston between the general elections of 1931 and 1935. In 1938, he was appointed Commander of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.

He was a member of the advisory committee on education in the colonies and of the educational commission to East Africa of 1937. He was appointed KBE in 1938. From 1931 onward, he dedicated much of his effort to the spreading of information about British colonial policy. During the Second World War, he worked on a voluntary and unpaid basis for the Information Department of the Colonial Office, producing factual memoranda about colonial administration and development for the information of parliamentarians.

References

External links 
 

1877 births
1967 deaths
Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1931–1935
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Civil servants in the Colonial Office
British civil engineers
British urban planners
British expatriates in Egypt
British expatriates in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
SMX. SMX may refer to:

As an abbreviation:
 SMX (operating system), a Unix-like simulator on SPARC, the "SunOS/Solaris MINIX"
 Standard Musical Expression, a representation of simple music in ASCII that was used in some DOS software such as QBasic 
 SMX Convention Center (company), an events venue management company in the Philippines
 SMX Convention Center Manila, Pasay, Philippines
 Sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic
 Honda S-MX, a minivan
 Spatial multiplexing, MIMO wireless transmission technique
 Singapore Mercantile Exchange
 SmX RNA and SmY RNA, ribonucleic acids in nematode worms
 S.M.X., director of Revelation at the 1999 New York Underground Film Festival
 StepManiaX, a rhythm game by Step Revolution

As a code:
 Santa Maria Public Airport, in California, US, IATA code
 C.A.I. First, regional Italian airline, ICAO airline code
 SMTC Corporation, Canada, TSX/Toronto ticker code
 Sanmenxia city in Henan, China, governmental code SMX
 Sendmail X, now MeTA1, mail server coded smX
 Special Mobile Machine—Exempt, prefix SMX, on vehicle registration plates of Colorado
MB86900. The MB86900 is a microprocessor produced by Fujitsu, which implements the SPARC V7 instruction set architecture developed by Sun Microsystems. It was the first implementation of SPARC, introduced in 1986, and was used in the first SPARC-based workstation, the Sun Microsystems Sun-4, from 1987. Its chipset operated at 16.67 MHz. The chipset consisted of two chips, the MB86900 microprocessor and the MB86910 floating-point unit. The chip set was implemented with two 20,000-gate, 1.2 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) gate-arrays fabricated by Fujitsu Limited.

Notes

References 
 Quach, L.; Chueh, R. (1988). "CMOS gate array implementation of SPARC". Thirty-Third IEEE Computer Society International Conference, Digest of Papers.
 Namjoo, M. (1989). "SPARC implementations: ASIC vs. custom design". Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

SPARC microprocessors
Sun microprocessors
Fujitsu microprocessors
Cumene hydroperoxide. Cumene hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(CH3)2OOH; this oily liquid is classified as an organic hydroperoxide. Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-phenylpropan-2-ol.

It is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation. At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene:
  + O2 → 
Dicumyl peroxide is a side product.

Applications
Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.

Cumene hydroperoxide is a radical initiator for production of acrylates.

Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the production of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propene. This technology was commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical. 

The oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide of propene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-phenylpropan-2-ol. The reaction follows this stoichiometry:
  +  →  + 

Dehydrating and hydrogenating cumyl alcohol recycles the cumene.

Safety
Cumene hydroperoxide, like all organic peroxides, is potentially explosive. It is also toxic, corrosive and flammable as well as a skin-irritant.

References

Related terms
Cumene process

External links
Cumene hydroperoxide at International Chemical Safety Cards

Hydroperoxides
DEC T-11. The T-11, also known as DC310 or DCT11, is a microprocessor that implements the PDP-11 instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation. The T-11 was code-named "Tiny". It was developed for embedded systems and was the first single-chip microprocessor developed by DEC. Going into volume production in early 1982, it was sold openly and was used by DEC in disk controllers (Eg: M8639 RQDX2 controller), the VT240 terminal, auxiliary processors and in the Atari System 2 arcade game system. It operated at 7.5 MHz or 10 MHz (three versions, two speeds), used a 5 V power supply and dissipated 1.1 W maximum. It contained 13,000 transistors, used NMOS logic, and was fabricated in a NMOS process. By 1987, three versions of the DCT11 were available: 21-17311-01 (original 7.5 MHz version, produced by DEC), 21-17311-00 (second source, 7.5 MHz, from Synertek), and 21-17311-02 (10 MHz version, produced by DEC).

A clone of the T-11 was manufactured in the Soviet Union under the designation KR1807VM1 ().

References 

 Olsen, R., Dobberpuhl, D. (1981). "A 13,000 transistor NMOS microprocessor". International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers. pp. 108–109.

T-11
16-bit microprocessors
ArcObjects. ArcObjects is a development environment of the ArcGIS family of applications. Using Visual Basic for Applications, C# or Java SDK for ArcGIS, it allows developers to extend these applications.ArcObjects is a library of Component Object Model (COM) components that build up the foundation of Esri's ArcGIS platform. ArcObjects is written primarily in the C++ programming language. Since ArcGIS is completely built on top of ArcObjects, the ArcGIS platform can be fully customized and extended by making use of its COM services and capabilities. This allows for easy extension of the ArcObjects data model with any programming language that is compatible with COM, such as Visual Basic, C#, Visual Basic.NET, Java and Python. COM enables components to be reused at a binary level, meaning developers do not require access to the source code of ArcObjects in order to extend the ArcGIS platform. For this reason, an ArcObjects programmer can make use of any type inside the ArcObjects system without knowing the implementation details of the type, only needing to know what the type is able to do. 

The ArcObjects data model is based on the COM standard, which makes it compatible with other COM objects and applications. This allows for easy integration and collaboration with other systems that are also based on the COM standard. The ArcGIS platform was built using ArcObjects types, such as classes, interfaces, and enumerations. ArcObjects use COM interfaces to organize and communicate properties and methods of its classes, ensuring compatibility with other COM-based objects and systems. When working with an ArcObjects COM class, its properties and methods are accessed solely through one of its implemented interfaces via the process of Query Interface (QI). Multiple interfaces are commonly available for classes in ArcObjects. For example, it is possible to query for additional interfaces implemented by an object after instantiation via the process of QI. Although only one interface can be used when instantiating an object, multiple interfaces are often available for classes in ArcObjects, allowing for greater flexibility and compatibility with other systems based on the COM standard.

External links
Introduction to ArcObjects
Getting Started with ArcObjects

References 

Programming tools
Esri software
David Mowat Watson. David Mowat Watson (1891–1972) was a British civil engineer.

David was born in Aberdeen in 1891. His father was John Duncan Watson, a civil engineer regarded as a pioneer in the development of sewage treatment. David was the holder of a Bachelor of Science degree.

David Watson served as a temporary officer in the Yeomanry of the Territorial Force of the British Army during the First World War. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 August 1917 with precedence of 1 June 1916. He retired from the army as a lieutenant on 2 March 1919, having transferred to the Royal Army Service Corps, being allowed to retain his rank.

After the war Watson became a civil engineer, going into professional practice with his retired father by 1940. During the Second World War Watson served in the army once more, this time as an officer of the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid Territorial Army unit which provides technical expertise to the British Army. He became a Lieutenant-Colonel in the corps on 29 October 1943 and was promoted to colonel on 26 February 1949. Watson's father died in 1946 and Watson retired from practice on 1 April 1951. He served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from November 1954 to November 1955, following in the footsteps of his father who had been president from November 1935 to November 1936.

References 

        
        
        
        
        
        

1891 births
1972 deaths
Scottish civil engineers
British civil engineers
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps officers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Service Corps officers
Hiro H1H. The Hiro H1H (or Navy Type 15) was a 1920s Japanese bomber or reconnaissance biplane flying boat developed from the Felixstowe F.5 by the Hiro Naval Arsenal for the Imperial Japanese Navy. The aircraft were built by Hiro, the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal and Aichi.

Design and development
Following licensed production of the Felixstowe F.5 for the Imperial Japanese Navy the company developed an improved version known as the H1H or Navy Type 15. The aircraft was built with three different engine types fitted, the Navy Type 15-I with a wooden hull had longer span upper wings and the Navy Type 15-II had four-bladed propellers. The H1H remained in front line naval service through the 1930s.

Variants
H1H1
Variant powered by two 450hp (336kW) Lorraine W-12 engines.
H1H2
Variant powered by either two 450hp (336kW) Lorraine W-12 or two 500hp (373kW) BMW VII engines.
H1H3
Variant powered by two 450hp (336kW) Lorraine W-12 engines.

Operators

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Specifications (H1H1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1920s Japanese patrol aircraft
H1H
Flying boats
Biplanes
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Institute of Environmental Sciences. The Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) is an institute of the Faculty of Science of Leiden University in the Netherlands. The main area of work is research and education in the multidisciplinary field of environmental sciences. 

In 2009 the tenured and non tenured staff consists of about 28 fte including 4,5 fte supporting staff. The interdisciplinary character is reflected in the various staff members' backgrounds, such as: ecologists, chemical engineers, agricultural engineers, physicists etc.

External links 
Institute of Environmental Sciences
Leiden University - Faculty of Science

Leiden University
Environmental organisations based in the Netherlands
Huff-Daland XHB-1. The Huff-Daland XHB-1 "Cyclops" was a 1920s American prototype heavy bomber designed and built by the Huff-Daland company.

Design and development
The XHB-1 was designed as an enlarged version of the earlier LB-1 powered by a single 750 hp Packard 2A-2540 nose-mounted engine. It had a crew of four and had a 4000 lb bomb load. The Army decided not to order the Cyclops into production as it had decided single-engined aircraft were not suitable for the role.

A twin-engined version was developed as the XB-1 Super Cyclops.

Operators

United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (XHB-1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Leicester: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. . 
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.

XHB-1
HB-01
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Superfiring. Superfiring armament is a naval military building technique in which two or more turrets are located one behind the other, with the rear turret located above ("super") the one in front so that it can fire over the first. This configuration meant that both forward and aft turrets could fire at any target within their sector, even when the target was directly ahead of the turrets.

History 

Historically, large surface warships were known by the generic label  of battleships, with a further distinction between pre-dreadnoughts and dreadnoughts.  The era of technical evolution occurred roughly from 1900 to 1945. Part of the technical evolution was driven by the need to compress as much large-gun firepower into the smallest space possible. In early designs, the large-caliber turrets were all located on the same plane firing to one side or the other. In firing ahead or to the rear, usually only the forward-most or rearmost turret could fire, especially at low angles.

An early concern was that the pressure and shock from the higher turret would damage the lower one when firing over the top. In 1908, United States Navy tests using the monitor  as the testbed proved that superfiring was safe. The result was the design for the first  (commissioned in 1910).

The first ship with superfiring artillery (though not of the same caliber), was the French battleship Henri IV, launched in 1899.

Superfiring was not limited to two turrets. For example, the Atlanta-class of light cruiser, which were developed and built for service in World War II, utilized a triple-overlap system both forward and astern, their armament of dual-mount 5"/38 caliber dual-purpose main armament having a nearly unobstructed arc of fire. The British Dido-class, which were also light cruisers armed entirely with dual-purpose guns (the 5.25" Mk 1), also had three turrets forward, with two aft.

Advantages and disadvantages 
Advantages of superfiring turrets over non-superfiring arrangements include improved firing arcs for all except the foremost and rearmost turrets, as well as an increase of useful deck space on which to build the ship's superstructure due to the concentration of the main batteries towards the ends of the ship. Depending on the design of the ship and its weapons, it may also help to avoid issues with the ship's propulsion.

The disadvantage of this arrangement is a higher center of mass as a result of the higher placement of turrets, thus decreasing the metacentric height. The resulting decrease in stability may need to be corrected by compromises elsewhere to keep the center of mass low.

Because of this, superfiring arrangements, while common, are not used exclusively. Examples of non-superfiring designs include but are not limited to the Gangut, Imperatritsa Mariya, and Imperator Nikolai classes of battleships built for the Imperial Russian navy, as well as modern ships such as the Zumwalt-class destroyers. In addition, many ships, such as the New York-class battleships, used combinations of superfiring and non-superfiring arrangements. Exclusively non-superfiring arrangements also remained common on destroyers.

Notes

References 

Battleships
De Havilland Dolphin. The de Havilland DH.92 Dolphin was a 1930s British prototype light biplane airliner designed and built by the de Havilland aircraft company.

Design and development
The Dolphin was designed as a modernised version of the de Havilland Dragon Rapide, incorporating ideas from the company's DH 86A and de Havilland Dragonfly but using new main assembly designs.  It had a DH 86A-style nose to accommodate two crew side by side and increased span wings of unequal span, Dragonfly-like. It first appeared with the trousered undercarriage of these earlier biplane transports, but a retractable landing gear, rather like that of the DH.88 Comet was fitted before flight. Onboard air-stairs were one of the passenger access novelties. It was powered by two 204 hp (152 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Six piston engines. Fuel tanks were in the wings, as in the Dragonfly, to avoid the fire hazard of the Rapide's engine nacelle tanks.

One prototype was built and first flown on 9 September 1936.  Geoffrey de Havilland's log shows that he flew it only once more. No others were built as it proved to be too heavy structurally and the prototype was scrapped in December 1936.

In an edition of Flight magazine dated 10 September 1936, the decision to discontinue the type was published as follows:

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

1930s British civil utility aircraft
Dolphin
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Ford Thames 307E. The Thames 307E is a small panel van launched by Ford UK in June 1961  and based on the recently introduced Ford Anglia 105E. It replaced the Thames 300E and, like its predecessor  it was marketed as the Thames 5 cwt or the Thames 7 cwt van. These names defined, in Imperial measurements, the recommended maximum load weights (approximately equivalent to 250 and 350 kg respectively) of the vehicles. Advertised load space was  including  beside the driver.

The vans were introduced with a specially developed "commercial version" of the Anglia 105E engine, applying a compression ratio of 7.5:1 or, as an option, 8.9:1.   The four speed gear box also came from the latest Anglia. The 5 and 7 cwt versions could be distinguished from the front by differing grill treatments.  The base version had a grill of painted horizontal slats similar to that on the basic Anglia while the 7 cwt featured a full-width bright-meshed metal grill reminiscent of the Anglia deluxe.

Left hand drive export versions of the 307E were designated Thames 308E. The Anglia name was used for certain export markets.

Thames 309E
From October 1962 the 5cwt and 7cwt vans were also offered with the 1198cc engine from the Ford Anglia Super and these were designated as Thames 309E. Left hand drive export versions of the 309E were designated Thames 310E.

Ford Anglia Van
In March 1965 the use of the Thames name was discontinued and from that time Anglia-based vans were marketed as Ford Anglia Vans.

Production ended in November 1967 with a total of 205,001 vans having been produced.

References

Thames 307E
Cars introduced in 1961
Vans
1960s cars