omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Albacore-class gunboat (1883). The Albacore-class gunboat was a class of three gunboats built for the Royal Navy in 1883. The name had already been used for a class of 98 gunboats built during the Great Armament of the Crimean War.

Design
The Albacore class was designed by Nathaniel Barnaby, the Admiralty Director of Naval Construction. The ships were of composite construction, meaning that the iron keel, frames, stem and stern posts were of iron, while the hull was planked with timber. This had the advantage of allowing the vessels to be coppered, thus keeping marine growth under control, a problem that caused iron-hulled ships to be frequently docked.  They were  in length and displaced 560 tons. They were a slightly larger version of the  and es that preceded them. They pioneered the use of modern breech-loading guns as the main armament, but were the last gunboats to mount their weapons on traversing mountings.

Propulsion
Two-cylinder compound-expansion steam engines built by the builder, Laird Brothers of Birkenhead, provided 650 indicated horsepower through a single screw, sufficient for .

Armament
Ships of the class were armed with two 5-inch/50-pdr (38cwt) breech-loading guns and two 4-inch/20-pdr breech-loading guns. A pair of machine guns was also fitted.

Ships

Notes

Citations

References
 
 
 

Gunboat classes
Gunboats of the Royal Navy
Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
Dolauhirion Bridge. Dolauhirion Bridge () is a single arch stone bridge which carries road traffic from Llandovery to Cilycwm over the River Towy () in Carmarthenshire, Wales. It is a grade I listed structure. At the time the bridge was built the road was the main coach road from Llandovery to Lampeter.

Various wooden bridges had stood at the site until the present stone bridge was built in 1773 by the minister and bridge builder William Edwards. He had built several single arch stone bridges in Wales, particularly at Pontypridd, where he had constructed what was then the biggest single arch () in the world. The Dolauhirion bridge has a span of  and a carriageway width of  with parapets. Typical of Edward's designs the bridge has circular openings in the spandrels, which relieve stress on the main structure in times of flood, and reduce weight and thus pressure on the arch.

References

Bridges in Carmarthenshire
Grade I listed buildings in Carmarthenshire
Grade I listed bridges in Wales
Bridges over the River Towy
Stone bridges in the United Kingdom
Llandovery
Andrew Murray Hunt. Andrew Murray Hunt (August 12, 1859 – December 8, 1930) was an American electrical and mechanical engineer who served on the Naval Consulting Board during World War I and was president of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1921 and 1922. His obituary in The New York Times describes him as "nationally eminent".

Biography
Andrew Murray Hunt was born in Sioux City, Iowa, where his father, also Andrew Murray Hunt, was a physician; he had two brothers. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1879.

Hunt founded the Mare Island Naval Shipyard's chemical laboratory, and became chief of the Department of Mechanical Arts in San Francisco in 1894 while still serving in the Navy. He then worked as a consulting engineer in that city, with projects including a power plant for Claus Spreckels. In 1915, he was appointed the head of the Peyton, Hunt Company, Inc. in New York.

In 1915, during World War I, he was appointed to the Naval Consulting Board as a representative of the American Society of Civil Engineers, where he worked in Washington, D.C. from 1917.

He served as president of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1921 and 1922.

He died in Berkeley, California on December 8, 1930.

References

External links

1859 births
1930 deaths
Naval Consulting Board
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy officers
Rajeev Rastogi. Rajeev Ramnarain Rastogi is an Indian computer scientist who graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, where he got his Bachelor of Science degree in 1988. He received his Master's and Doctoral degrees from the University of Texas in 1990, and 1993 respectively. Rastogi was born on August 6, 1967.

In 1993, Rastogi started working at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey. He became member of technical staff at its Information Sciences Research Center. Five years later he held the Distinguished Member of Technical Staff position and by 1999 became a director of the Internet Management Research Department and became a Bell Labs fellow in 2003.  In 2012, he became a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to the analysis and management of large data sets."

He was Vice President of Yahoo! Labs in Bangalore and is currently serving as Vice President of Machine Learning on Amazon.com. He has over 200 peer-reviewed articles with the CURE: An Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Large Databases which received over 3,100 citations since 1998, bringing him an h-index of 63.

Rajeev Rastogi lives in Bangalore with his wife and two children.

References

Living people
1967 births
University of Texas alumni
Indian computer scientists
IIT Bombay alumni
Amazon (company) people
Yahoo! employees
2012 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Soil Use Efficiency. Soil Use Efficiency (SUE) is the use of individual and inter-related factors (inherent and dynamic) related to soil quality, soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake potential as effective reference points for improvement of crop productivity in individual and varying soil types. Assessing SUE involves a site evaluation of the land and pit excavation to examine the soil profile. Site characterization identifies impairments to biomass productivity and the provisioning of ecological services. Inherent impairments are from limits inherent to the land and soil such as steep slope, and subsoil claypan. Dynamic impairments are the result of land degradation, such as soil acidification, loss of soil carbon, water erosion, and wind erosion. Understanding these relationships informs land management decisions needed to restore land productivity. The determination of water-use efficiency (WUE) and Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production systems is governed primarily by the boundary conditions of Soil Use Efficiency (SUE).

See also
Ecological efficiency
Soil value
Storie index
Sustainable agriculture

References

Soil
Joseph Seffi Naor. Joseph Seffi Naor () is an Israeli professor of computer science and an author of over 200 peer-reviewed articles which were published in such journals as Journal of the ACM, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence and SIAM Journal on Computing among others.

Biography
From 1981 to 1987 he was a teaching assistant at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and from 1987 to 1988 was a post-doctoral fellow at University of Southern California in Los Angeles following by Stanford University with the same position until 1991. During 1983 and 1987 he received his Master's and Ph.D. degrees from Hebrew University in computer science. From 1998 to 2000 he was a Bell Labs' member of the technical staff at Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, New Jersey, and from 2005 to 2007 worked at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington, as visiting researcher. Since 1991 he has worked as a professor at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology as a computer scientist.

References

Living people
20th-century births
Israeli computer scientists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem School of Computer Science & Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
2023 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Chung Chou University of Science and Technology. Chung Chou University of Science and Technology (CCUT; ) was a private university located in Yuanlin City, Changhua County, Taiwan. The school was closed due to the illegal worker incident.

History
CCUT was originally established as Chung Chou Vocational Institute of Engineering in 1969. In 1991, the school name was changed to Chung Chou Junior College of Technology and in 2000, the name was changed again to Chung Chou Institute of Technology. It was finally renamed the Chung Chou University of Science and Technology on 1 August 2011. In 2015, the university had been put under observation for quality issues.

International student exploitation 
In January 2022, The Reporter reported CCUT luring overseas students to Taiwan illegally. The students, who were found through brokers had to commit to paying higher tuition fees and were forced to work overtime in factories to pay back these fees. The college promised to provide English courses and scholarships to international students. Once the students signed up, the classes turned out to be taught fully in Chinese, and the students were required to get high scores to be qualified for any scholarship. When one of the students changed his school, the college threatened the student with governmental deportation measures.

In response to the incident, the principal was resigned and officials were arrested. The Ministry of Education ordered the college to stop admissions.

In November 2022, the college announced the school would be closed after July 31, 2023. In August 1, 2023, the school was formally closed.

Faculties
 College of Engineering
 College of Health
 College of Management

Transportation
The university is accessible within walking distance East from Yuanlin Station of the Taiwan Railways.

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan

References

External links

 
 CCUT Centre for International Exchange

1969 establishments in Taiwan
2023 disestablishments in Taiwan
Universities and colleges established in 1969
Educational institutions disestablished in 2023
Private universities and colleges in Taiwan
Universities and colleges in Changhua County
Defunct universities and colleges in Taiwan
Technical universities and colleges in Taiwan
Ladoora. Ladoora  is a notified area and village in the Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located on the banks of River Jhelum.  It is approximately seven kilometers from Sopore and 8 kilometres from Baramulla.
Ladoora has a playground known by the name of Nagbal cricket ground . Most popular player in cricket is afaq bhat people call him afaq kohli 

Ladoora Rafiabad is known for fruit business.There are various essential departments like Flood control and irrigation department,PHE,Fisheries Department,Animal and sheep Husbandry Department etc.Moving to education There are various educational institutions including Middle , High and Higher secondary schools.

Several business and political personalities belong to Ladoora Rafiabad.

References

Villages in Baramulla district
Anatoly Skurov. Anatoly Georgievich Skurov (born 7 December 1952) is a Russian mining engineer, scientist and design engineer, and entrepreneur.

Biography 
Anatoly Skurov was born in the Tula Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR on 7 December 1952, and is currently a resident of Moscow.

He graduated from the Mining Department of the Tula Polytechnic Institute in 1975, and went to work at the Kopeisk Engineering Plant in the Chelyabinsk Oblast, a major manufacturer of underground mining machines and equipment in Russia and the Soviet Union. In 1988, he was appointed to the position of Chief Technical Designer and Head of the Plant's Design Bureau. He oversaw tests and implementation of new mining equipment in the underground mines of Kuzbass, Donbas, and Kazakhstan, and was part of Soviet Ministry of Coal Mining inter-departmental committees. He was one of the key persons who designed and produced the GPKS - the most widely used and one of the most efficient continuous heading machines in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

Anatoly Skurov holds 41 patents and inventor's certificates for various inventions in the coal mining industry. He defended a PhD thesis in 1991 on creating efficient mining equipment and machinery. He has authored a large number of peer-reviewed scientific articles.

Mr. Skurov is a Honorary Worker of the Russian Coal Mining Industry, holder of the Miner's Badge of Honor, First, Second, and Third class, and an Honorary Miner of Kuzbass. He is a full member of the Russian Academy of Mining Science.

He was transferred from the Kopeisk Engineering Plant to a major Russian coal producer Rosugol, which is controlled and operated by the government, in 1994, where he took the position of Senior Designer at the Department of Mining Equipment.

In 1995, Mr. Skurov joined forces with Kuznetskugol officers Anatoly Smolyaninov and Valentin Bukhtoyarov to organize private coal mining company Sibuglemet and held the position of the General Director of that company until 2003.

He became president of Sibuglemet Holding Company in 2003[1].

Anatoly Skurov has held an equity stake in Russian potash producer Uralkali since 2011.

Anatoly Skurov has sold his shares in Sibuglemet Holding and Uralkali in 2013.

Personal fortune 
He was first listed by the Forbes magazine as the 86th richest businessman in Russia  with a personal fortune of US$800 million. Forbes rated him as the 43rd richest person in Russia, with US$2.3 billion in 2011, and in 2012 he was down in the 64th spot with US$1.7 billion.

Personal life and family 
He is married to Lubov I. Skurova, and is father of two sons.

See also

References

Russian mining businesspeople
1952 births
Living people
People from Tula Oblast
Russian mining engineers
Regional Positioning and Timing System (Turkey). The Regional Positioning and Timing System (), shortly BKZS, is a space-based project of the Turkish Armed Forces on global positioning and time transfer by satellite navigation system. 

The aim of the project is to provide positioning and timing information, which Turkish Armed Forces need during peace, crisis and military operations, independently from the existing foreign systems, which can be disabled in times of conflict. The project is developed by the Defence Technologies and Engineering Inc. (Savunma Teknolojileri ve Mühendislik A.Ş.) (STM), a subsidiary of the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries. Currently, the project is in the first phase, comprising evaluation of the feasibility study. It is planned to launch five military reconnaissance and Earth observation satellites over the next few years.

References

Military equipment of Turkey
Space program of Turkey
Satellite navigation systems
Wireless locating
Time signal radio stations
Proposed military equipment
1977 NCAA Division II football season. The 1977 NCAA Division II football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division II level, began in August 1977 and concluded with the championship game on December 10 at Memorial Stadium in Wichita Falls, Texas. The Lehigh Engineers defeated the Jacksonville State Gamecocks 33–0 in the Pioneer Bowl to win their first Division II national title.

This was the last season prior to the creation of Division I-AA, now named Division I-Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), which debuted in 1978.

Conference realignment

Conference changes
 This was the final season at the Division II level for the members of five conferences: the Big Sky Conference, Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference, Ohio Valley Conference, Southwestern Athletic Conference, and Yankee Conference. After the end of play, each conference and its members, alongside seven independent teams, would transition to the newly established Division I-AA level of college football.

Membership changes

Conference standings

Conference summaries

Postseason

The 1977 NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs were the fifth single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division II college football. The championship game was held at Memorial Stadium in Wichita Falls, Texas for the second time.

Playoff bracket

* Denotes host institution
 Northern Arizona was the Big Sky runner-up; champion Boise State had a scheduling conflict.

See also
1977 NCAA Division I football season
1977 NCAA Division III football season
1977 NAIA Division I football season
1977 NAIA Division II football season

References
Jackal-class gunvessel. The Jackal-class gunvessel (alternatively spelled Jackall) was a class of two second-class iron paddle gunvessels built for the Royal Navy in the mid 1840s. They served in the Mediterranean and South Atlantic, and latterly on fishery protection duties off Scotland.

Design
Orders for both ships were placed on 16 January 1844. They were designed by the builder, Robert Napier and Sons and approved on 17 April 1844 by the Surveyor of the Navy, Sir William Symonds.

They were each fitted with a Napier two-cylinder side-lever steam engine driving side paddles. The engine was rated at 150 nominal horsepower and on trials developed . Two gaff-rigged masts were provided, making them schooners. The armament consisted of a single 18-pounder (22cwt) carronade on a pivot mounting and two 24-pounder (13cwt) carronades.

Construction
Both ships were built at Napier's Govan yard. Jackall was built as yard number 8, and Lizard as number 9.  Jackall was launched on 28 November 1844, and Lizard followed exactly a month later.

Service
Jackall served in the Mediterranean and at Ascension, and by 1864 she was employed on fishery protection duties off the west coast of Scotland.

Lizard also served in the Mediterranean, and took part in an Anglo-French action in Uruguay in 1845, receiving serious damage and losing 4 men. By 1858 she was also engaged in fishery protection duties off Scotland.

Ships

Notes

References

Ships built on the River Clyde
1844 ships
Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom
Gunvessels of the Royal Navy
Gunboat classes
Cache Acceleration Software. The Intel Cache Acceleration Software (CAS) is a computer data storage product for solid-state drive (SSD) caching.

Description
CAS manages using the SSD storage as a cache layer for slower storage data (e.g. spinning hard drives). A cached copy of recently used data from slower storage is kept in faster SSD storage to improve I/O performance. CAS entered Intel's product line as the result of Intel's August 2012 acquisition of a Canadian start-up company Nevex Virtual Technologies; Intel re-branded Nevex CacheWorks product to CAS with the release of version 2.0 in December 2012. Versions of Intel CAS are available for Windows Enterprise, Windows Workstation, and Linux.

CAS for Windows is an application-aware file-based cache, which can be tuned by system administrators. Additionally, it integrates with the operating system's buffer cache, creating a multi-tier cache architecture. CAS is also aware of some virtualization technologies like vMotion, maintaining a hot SSD cache during a VM migration.

CAS works with the enterprise-class Intel SSD products, such as the DC S3700 SATA drives and the DC P3700 NVMe PCI Express devices. It also works with cache devices across SANs.  Intel CAS for Linux consists of a GPL'd source loadable kernel module paired with a closed source user-space admin configuration tool. The CAS for Linux version supports CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. The Windows Enterprise version currently runs only on the 64-bit flavors of Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows Server 2012 R2; 32-bit versions are not currently supported. The Windows Workstation version currently runs on only the 64-bit flavors of Windows 7, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10; 32-bit versions are not currently supported.

The current version of CAS for Linux supports write-through, write-back, and write-around caching. The Windows versions of CAS support write-through and write-back caching.

A workstation version, called CAS-W, was announced in September 2013 by Dell; Dell's announcement states an exclusive agreement with Intel to offer CAS-W only for Dell Precision workstations.

Operating System and File System Support

Intel CAS for Linux

Intel CAS for Windows Enterprise

Intel CAS for Windows Workstation

See also
Intel Smart Response Technology for desktop-class computers
Microsoft's Automated Tiering (Windows 2012 R2)

References

External links 

Open CAS Framework
Old blog post on the (now defunct) Nevex web site explaining the basic idea behind CacheWorks

Solid-state caching
Intel acquisitions
Intel products
1985 Bakhtar Afghan Airlines Antonov An-26 shootdown. 1985 Bakhtar Afghan Airlines Antonov An-26 shootdown was on 4 September 1985 when a Bakhtar Afghan Airlines Antonov An-26 (registered in Afghanistan as YA-BAM) on a scheduled internal flight from Kandahar to Farah was shot down by a ground-to-air missile. The aircraft had departed from Kandahar Airport and had circled twice close to the airport to gain height and then set course for Farah Airport, it was at a height of 3800 meters and 18.5 km west of Kandahar when it was shot down and destroyed by a surface-to-air missile (SAM). All five crew and 47 passengers were killed.

Aircraft
The aircraft was an Antonov An-26 twin-engined turboprop airliner that had been built in the Soviet Union.

See also 
 1987 Bakhtar Afghan Airlines Antonov An-26 shootdown

References
Citations

Mass murder in 1985
Accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-26
Aviation accidents and incidents in Afghanistan
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1985
Airliner shootdown incidents
1985 in Afghanistan
20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents
September 1985 events in Asia
1985 crimes in Afghanistan
1980s murders in Afghanistan
1985 murders in Asia
1985 disasters in  Afghanistan
War crimes in the Soviet–Afghan War
Beta attenuation monitoring. Beta attenuation monitoring (BAM) is an air monitoring technique employing the absorption of beta radiation by solid particles extracted from air flow. The technique allows for the detection of PM10 and PM2.5, which are monitored by most air pollution regulatory agencies. The main principle is based on a kind of Bouguer (Lambert–Beer) law: the amount by which the flow of beta radiation (electrons) is attenuated by a solid matter is exponentially dependent on its mass and not on any other feature (such as density, chemical composition or some optical or electrical properties) of this matter. So, the air is drawn from outside of the detector through an "infinite" (cycling) ribbon made from some filtering material so that the particles are collected on it. There are two sources of beta radiation placed one before and one after the region where air flow passes through the ribbon leaving particles on it; and there are also two detectors on the opposite side of the ribbon, facing the detectors. The sources' intensity and detectors' sensitivity being the same (or corrected with appropriate calibration lookup table), the intensity of beta rays detected by one of detectors is compared to that of the other. Thus one can deduce how much mass has the ribbon acquired upon being exposed to air flow; knowing the drain velocity, actual particle mass concentration in air could be assessed.

The radiation source can be a gas chamber, filled with 86Kr gas, or a pieces of 14C-rich polymer plastic, such as PMMA. Detector is simply a Geiger–Mueller counter. The particulate matter content measured is affected by the moisture content in the air, unfortunately.

To discriminate between particle of different sizes (e. g., between PM10 and PM2.5), some preliminary separation could be accomplished, for example, by cyclone battery.

A similar method exists, where instead of beta particle flow an X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopic monitoring is applied on the either side of air flow contact with the ribbon. This allows to obtain not only cumulative measurement of particle mass, but also to detect their average chemical composition (technique works for potassium and elements heavier than it).

References

Literature 

 List of Designated Reference and Equivalent Methods. EPA: Research Triangle park, 2013. Online: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/criteria.html .

Air pollution
Aerosols
Detectors
Measuring instruments
Radioactivity
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment