omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-847. German submarine U-847 was a long-range Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Laid down in Bremen and launched on 5 September 1942.

Design
German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-847 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-847 was fitted with six  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one  SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a  SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two  C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.

Service history

She was commanded for her short career by four Knight's Cross recipients, each a U-boat ace in their own right, although she neither sank nor damaged any vessels. They were:
 Kapitänleutnant Friedrich Guggenberger
 Korvettenkapitän Wilhelm Rollmann
 Kapitänleutnant Jost Metzler
 Kapitänleutnant Herbert Kuppisch

She joined 4th Flotilla for training on 23 January 1943, where she remained until 30 June 1943. She then joined 12th Flotilla for active service until 27 August 1943 when she was sunk while providing logistical support for other U-boats operating in the area.

Fate
U-847 was sunk by air-launched FIDO torpedoes dropped from US Avenger and Wildcat aircraft operating from the escort carrier  on 27 August 1943 in the Atlantic Ocean at position . All 63 hands were lost.

References

Bibliography

External links

World War II submarines of Germany
German Type IX submarines
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1943
1942 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Submarines lost with all hands
Maritime incidents in August 1943
Dranaz Tunnel. The Dranaz Tunnel (), officially Ahmet Muhip Dıranas Tunnel () is a road tunnel constructed on the Sinop–Boyabat state highway  in Sinop Province, northern Turkey.

It is constructed to enable an easy access from Black Sea Region to Central Anatolia Region bypassing Dranaz Pass on the high-elevated Küre Mountains, which run parallel to the Black Sea coast.

The excavation works at the tunnel were carried out from both sides. The breakthrough took place in July 2002 after 18 months of tunnelling. The -long tunnel carries one lane of traffic in each direction inside one tube. All the infrastructural installations for power supply, lighting, tunnel ventilation, signalling, fire fighting and automation, which are needed to meet high safety requirements due to heavy traffic in the undivided two-lane tunnel, were provided by Siemens. The Dranaz Tunnel was opened to traffic in presence of Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on 14 February 2009.

References

Road tunnels in Turkey
Transport in Sinop Province
Line and Space. Line and Space is an architectural design firm founded in 1978, by Les Wallach, FAIA, and headquartered in Tucson, Arizona.  They have completed projects internationally and are known for their ecologically-sound buildings.

In 2007 Line and Space extended its services internationally when the company was selected to design a series of luxury villas in Shenzhen, China. The project included the design of several housing prototypes, a corporate retreat, and community center along the hillside of Tianqin Bay. The “Cascading Residences” as they have come to be known, were a catalyst for the firm’s future work in China. Since then, Line and Space has completed projects in the cities of Xiamen, Kunming, Chongqing, and Nanjing.

Projects 

Boyce Thompson Arboretum State Park Visitor Center, Superior, Arizona (1988)
The Arroyo House, Tucson, Arizona (1989)
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Restaurant and Gallery Complex, Tucson, Arizona (1993)
National Historic Trails Interpretive Center, Casper, Wyoming (2002)
Cesar Chavez Regional Library, Phoenix, Arizona (2007
University of Arizona Poetry Center, Tucson, Arizona (2007)
Red Rock Canyon Visitor Center, Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area outside of Las Vegas, Nevada, (2010)
Cascading Residences, Tianqin Bay, Shenzhen, China, (2013)
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Chula Vista, California (2011)
The Two, Xiamen, China (2011)
Liangjiang Golf Club, Chongqing, China (2016)
Pima Animal Care Center Expansion and Remodel, Tucson, Arizona (2017)

Awards 

The Committee on the Environment (COTE) Top Ten Award for the Boyce Thompson Arboretum (1991)
The Committee on the Environment (COTE) Top Ten Award for the Cesar Chavez Regional Library (2008)
AIA Arizona, Sustainable Firm of the Year (2009)
$25,000 First Prize Award from the National Endowment for the Arts for Skymarkers, a Gateway to Tucson, Arizona. 
Named New Landmark Libraries by the publication Library Journal for the Cesar Chavez Regional Library (2011) and the University of Arizona Poetry Center (2012)
AIA Arizona Firm of the Year Award (2011)
AIA Arizona, Twenty Five Year Award for The Arroyo House (2015)

References 

Architecture firms based in Arizona
Aymeric Sallin. Aymeric Sallin is the founder and CEO of NanoDimension, a nanotechnology-focused venture and capital firm with offices in Silicon Valley and Switzerland.

Early Career and Education
Prior to founding NanoDimension, Aymeric worked at Bain & Company.

He holds a Masters in Physical Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).

Aymeric is native from Fribourg in Switzerland. He currently lives with his wife Kelly and three children in Woodside.

Accolades
Since 2002, Sallin has actively promoted nanotechnology around the world, receiving the NSTI Fellow Award in 2007 and the 2012 EPFL Alumni Award for "his entrepreneurial spirit, his dedication and exceptional contribution to the field of nanotechnology". Sallin is an elected member of the World Economic Forum’s Young Global Leaders, Class of 2013 and regularly attends the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. He was voted top 20 under 40 in Switzerland by Bilan Magazine and one of Switzerland’s 300 most influential people in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Since 2014, he has served as the Chairman of the Board of Alumni of EPFL as well as a member of the Strategic Advisory Board of EPFL. In May 2016, he was elected to the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences "for his outstanding entrepreneurship which has played a decisive role in the creation and subsequent development of extremely high-tech manufacturing companies".

References

External links
NanoDimension

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from the canton of Fribourg
Swiss chief executives
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
LVG (disambiguation). LVG or Luftverkehrsgesellschaft m.b.H. was a German aircraft manufacturer.

LVG may also refer to:

  or LVG, the Bavarian State Office for Survey and Geoinformation
 Livingston Energy Flight's ICAO airline code
 Livingston South railway station's rail station code
 Louis van Gaal or LvG, former footballer and manager
 Lexical Variant Generation (software), a software suite to perform natural language processing of medical documents
 Logical volume group, a component of logical volume management for computer storage

See also
LGV (disambiguation)
IVG (disambiguation)
BTTC Centre. BTTC Centre is a Class A 12-story green building located at Ortigas Avenue corner Roosevelt Avenue, Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines.  It is the first green building in Greenhills, San Juan to receive a Gold pre-certification for Core & Shell under LEED. Developed by Hantex Corporation, it is an office, commercial and retail type of property with a floor plate of 1,384 square meters per floor. BTTC Centre is also among the 58 projects currently registered for LEED certification, together with the Zuellig Building in Makati and Megaworld 8 Campus Building and Wells Fargo Headquarters, which are both in Bonifacio Global City. It is also an IT-Center PEZA Certified Building.

Design and features

BTTC Centre is managed by real estate services firm CBRE Philippines. Completed in December 2012, this building has maintenance systems and recycles water with its built-in sewerage treatment plant, installed with double-glazed glass to provide abundant entry of light and also cut approximately around 70% of the heat from outside, keeping the building cool at all times.

The BTTC Centre was designed by ADGo Architecture and Design, Inc. headed by its principal architect, Architect Daniel Go.

See also
 San Juan

References

Sustainable building
Buildings and structures in San Juan, Metro Manila
Office buildings in Metro Manila
Jaishankar Menon. Jaishankar Menon (born August 9, 1956) is an Indian-American computer scientist and researcher.

Life and career 

Menon joined IBM's research team in San Jose, California, in 1982, where he developed RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) technology.

Awards

 IBM Fellow, 2001
 IEEE Fellow
 Winner of the 2002 IEEE W. Wallace McDowell Award
 2006 IEEE Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage Systems Award
 IBM Master Inventor

External links
 Profile

References

1956 births
American computer scientists
Computer systems researchers
Fellows of the IEEE
IBM Fellows
IIT Madras alumni
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Living people
Gustatory technology. Gustatory technology is the engineering discipline dealing with gustatory representation.

Description 
Virtual taste refers to a taste experience generated by a digital taste simulator. Electrodes are used to simulate the taste and feel of real food in the mouth.  In 2012, Dr. Nimesha Ranasinghe and a team of researchers at the National University of Singapore developed the digital lollipop, an electronic device capable of transmitting four major taste sensations (salty, sour, sweet and bitter) to the tongue. In 2016 the same team created a square with thermoelectric elements to simulate the sensation of sweetness through changes in temperature. If this system is implemented in mugs or drinking glasses, it could make low-sugar drinks taste sweeter helping people reduce sugar intake. 
A team from the University of Tokyo created a device that simulates the different textures of food through electricity. The device uses electrodes place on the masseter muscle (a jaw muscle used for chewing) and simulates the texture by changing this muscle frequency. For example, a higher frequency gives the food a harder texture.

References

Gustation
Flavor technology
Hardware browser. A hardware browser is a tool for displaying related resources under the server or network hardware devices, and allows users to interact with the hardware.

It is used to sense, detect, display and control hardware devices in the network. These hardware devices can be networked and upload information via the thing of Internet to exchange information, users can quickly and easily browse a variety of the hardware devices, and configure the hardware devices.

Brief introduction
Hardware browser can display information of hardware under server, network or hardware management system, and is a tool of allowing users to interact with the hardware. Hardware browser interacts with the server and gets information primarily through HTTP protocol. The information is usually given by the server. Users access through a computer web browser (usually with HTML, PHP, etc.). A hardware browser interface may include a plurality of hardware devices; the information of each device is retrieved from the server, network or information hardware. Hardware Browser can be extended to support a large number of plug-ins, including software and associated hardware, such as ARDUINO, MICROARDUINO, STM32, MSP430, Nuvoton MCU. In addition, many hardware browsers also support embedded images, video, audio and other streaming media. Now common hardware browsers include WRTnode hardware management browser and so on.

History
The first hardware browser was proposed by Yong Huang(China), who with WRTnode machinery group in 2014 co-invented the first hardware browser. Since then, the hardware browser develops with the Internet and Internet of Things together. At the same time, Maker Faire 2014 in Shenzhenthe show the lowest cost and power consuming computer vision automation solution, WRTnode gives uARM eyes and brain, using OpenCV ported on OpenWrt, recognizing the coins, and control uARM to pick them up with one yuan goes one side, and fifty cents goes another side.

The first hardware browser
This is invented by WRTnode machine group. Its goal is to optimize the access of the computer and external hardware and released in 2014. Yong Huang, Wei Luo, Jialei Hao, Ke Wang successful make hardware browser, which greatly decreases the initial time costs and programming costs of the user or developer contacting with hardware, especially in the cost of development with the graphical programming, more close to human way of programming; while also allowing more people who play with the hardware easier access to the network or software. As well information systems optimizing the display, interactive information on hardware and network servers is more smooth and natural to users or development. It makes a solid foundation of Internet of Things.

See also
Device Manager

References
USCGC James. USCGC James (WMSL-754) is the fifth  of the United States Coast Guard.

Etymology 
USCGC James is named for Joshua James (1826–1902), an American sea captain and a U.S. Life-Saving Service station keeper credited with saving over 600 lives.

History 

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Ingalls Shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi was awarded the $482.8 million construction contract September 9, 2011. Construction officially began May 14, 2012 with the ceremony marking the cutting of the first 100 tons of steel. The keel was laid on May 17, 2013. The cutter's sponsor is James' great great niece, Charlene Benoit. She is the great grand daughter of Joshua James' brother, Samuel James.

James was launched on May 3, 2014. She was christened August 16, 2014 and was commissioned in Boston on August 8, 2015.

James served as a command and control platform in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Sept. 25, 2017. The cutter's crew deployed to aid in Hurricane Maria response operations and the ship's communications capabilities were used to help first responders coordinate efforts on the island.

On August 8, 2022, James was damaged when the cutter ran aground while underway. After an investigation Captain Marc Brandt was permanently relieved of duties as the commanding officer of James.

In April 2024, James will deploy to Argentina for training exercise against illegal fishing with the Prefectura Naval Argentina
but all of this lacks the authorization of Argentine Congress, required by law 25,880 on the entry of foreign military personnel. The ship that arrived in Buenos Aires on April 29, 2024 does not have authorization from Argentine Congress, as required by law, although there are controversies about this interpretation of the law
.

See also 
 
 
 
 
 
 Integrated Deepwater System Program

References

External links 
 

Legend-class cutters
2014 ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
2 ft 6 in gauge railways in Japan. A list of 2 ft 6 in gauge railways in Japan.

Railways

In operation at  
Sangi Railway Hokusei Line
Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway Hachiōji Line
Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway Utsube Line
Kurobe Gorge Railway
Kurobe Senyō Railway (industrial)
Anbō Forest Railway  (industrial)
Historical Village of Hokkaido horse-drawn tram
DisneySea Electric Railway (located in Tokyo DisneySea)
Western River Railroad (located in Tokyo Disneyland) (separate  gauge railway named Jolly Trolley previously present)

Defunct or converted 
Hidaka Takushoku Railway (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Jōshin Dentetsu Jōshin Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Kabe Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Kintetsu Yunoyama Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Kiso Forest Railway (defunct)
Kurama-dera Cable (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Kurihara Den'en Railway Line (converted to  gauge) (defunct)
Kururi Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Nagareyama Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Ōigawa Railway Ikawa Line (dual gauge lines with  gauge track previously present) (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Okinawa Prefectural Railways (converted to  gauge) (defunct)
Ryūgasaki Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Sakagawa Line (defunct)
Tobu Kinugawa Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Tōbu Yaita Line (converted to  gauge) (defunct)
Tomakomai Light Railway (converted to  gauge) (operating)
Uchiko Line (converted to  gauge) (operating)

Influence in former colonies 
Taiwan:
Alishan Forest Railway
Taiwan Sugar Railways
TRA Taitung line before 1982

Gallery

See also
Heritage railway
List of track gauges

References

External links
World-wide 30" Gauge Railways and Railroads
Bashneft – Novoil. Bashneft – Novoil   is one of the biggest producers of high-quality petroleum products in Russia.

The current production facilities of Bashneft – Novoil include primary oil refining, hydrotreatment, reforming and iso-reforming, sulphuric acid alkylation, thermocracking and visbreaking, coking and gas fractionation, solvent refining and dewaxing of oil distillates, tar deasphalting and bitumen production, gas desulphurization and sulphur production units as well as environmental facilities.

The flexible technological schemes refine various types of hydrocarbons — low- and high-sulphur crude oil, various gas condensates as well as medium and heavy distillates obtained at other refineries of Ufa Group — and produce a wide range of high-quality petroleum products.
 
In 2011, the refinery continued to produce Euro-3 and Euro-4 engine fuels. It is planned to start producing Euro-5 fuel in the near future.

From 1956 to 1990 he worked at the plant 1st President of Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov.

History 
In 1947 Trust No.21 was established for the construction of a new oil refinery for the processing of oil from the Ishimbai oil field ("Second Baku"). In 1951 the construction of the first stage of the Novo-Ufa oil Refinery was completed. On July 25, 1951 the first gasoline was received at the plant's AVT-1 installation.

Since 1993 — Open joint stock company. Since 1994, he has been a member of the Bashkir Petrochemical Company. In 1999 the refining capacity was 8.5 million tons of oil per year with a potential of about 19 million tons.

Since 2012 — the current status. In 2018 the production of Euro-6 gasoline began. In 2020 it switched to the production of aviation fuel of the RT brand of the highest category.

Directors 

 1951-1953 — Mayorov Boris Pavlovich
 1957-1965 — Ivanovsky Georgy Fedorovich
 since October 21, 2020 — Mikhailov Sergey Yurievich

References

External links

 
 Official website in Russian

Petroleum industry in Russia
Companies based in Ufa
Oil refineries in the Soviet Union
Oil refineries in Russia
Nord CT41. The Nord CT.41 Narwhal was a French target drone, designed and built by Nord Aviation during the late 1950s for the purpose of providing training in the interception of supersonic bomber aircraft.

Design and development
Starting development in 1957, the CT.41 used a canard configuration, with a short, straight wing located at mid-fuselage with wingtip-mounted ramjet engines. Launched using an elevating ramp, two solid rocket boosters provided initial thrust upon launch, with the ramjets igniting at a speed of Mach 1.7. Command guidance was used for control; the aircraft could be fitted with electronic enhancers and flares to boost its target signature. Two types were produced, the CT.41A for high-altitude use, and the CT.41B for low-altitude training. If the drone was not shot down, recovery was via parachute.

Operational history
The CT.41 began test flights during 1959, with production starting later that year; 62 aircraft were constructed for use by the French Air Force. They had only a brief service life before being retired due to being too fast to provide practical training for interceptor pilots. Hawker Siddeley acquired a manufacturing license for the type in November 1960. Six were acquired by Bell Aircraft for evaluation by the United States Navy; Bell also acquired a production license for the type, which in 1962 received the U.S. designation PQM-56A. The PQM-56A was out of service by the early 1970s.

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography

CT41
1950s French special-purpose aircraft
Target drones of France
Twinjets
Ramjet-powered aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Canard aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1959
Wedge-based mechanical exfoliation. Wedge-based mechanical exfoliation is a method that involves the use of an ultra-sharp single crystal diamond wedge to penetrate inside a material and cleave a thin layer of material. It was proposed to produce few layers of graphene from a bulk highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG).

Molecular dynamics simulations studies have been performed to understand how and under what conditions graphene layers separate, fold and shear during the wedge-based mechanical exfoliation machining technique. Molecular simulations of initial wedge engagement show that the entry location of the wedge tip, vis-a-vis the nearest graphene layer, plays a key role in determining whether layers separate or fold and which layers and how many of them fold.

References

Cutting tools
Graphene
Secondary sector of the economy
Solar Ship, Inc.. Solar Ship Inc.  is a company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada working to develop a hybrid aircraft to deliver critical cargo to cut-off places.  The solarship gains lift from both buoyant gas and aerodynamics, and uses power from solar panels. The aircraft is a new concept of transport that does not rely on fossil fuels or ground infrastructure.

History
The concept behind Solar Ship was based on airships and the Canadian bush plane, and was devised by Jay Godsall in 1983. In 2006, Solar Ship Inc. was officially established.

Aircraft
The solarship's wing-ship design allows for extreme short takeoff and landing (XSTOL or eSTOL), such as in a soccer field. Its design provides a large surface area for solar electric power, allowing long, self- sufficient range. Solarships can also be powered by traditional combustion when solar energy is unavailable. However, the goal is to develop a new mode of transportation that does not depend on fossil fuels, roads, or runways. The solarship can access areas where planes, trucks, ships, and airships cannot, delivering cargo to the places that are currently cut off from the benefits of the connected world. Each solar plane is designed and built to the requirements of a mission. Currently, there are three initial missions with specific requirements: the Wolverine, the Caracal, and the Nanuq. Solar Ship's active mission, as of December 2015, is Mission Burundi.

Incidents
On August 29, 2014, a prototype aircraft owned, designed, and operated by Solar Ship crashed during a test flight in a tobacco field near Brantford Airport, seriously injuring its two pilots, Mark Taylor and Mark Marshall. One of the pilots had to be cut out of the aircraft by rescuers. The incident resulted in the temporary closure of Brantford Airport.

Gallery

See also
 Solar Splash

References

External links

Manufacturing companies based in Toronto
Aircraft manufacturers of Canada
Solar power
Electric boats