omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Micellar solubilization. Micellar solubilization (solubilization) is the process of incorporating the solubilizate (the component that undergoes solubilization) into or onto micelles. Solubilization may occur in a system consisting of a solvent, an association colloid (a colloid that forms micelles), and at least one other solubilizate.

Usage of the term 
Solubilization is distinct from dissolution because the resulting fluid is a colloidal dispersion involving an association colloid. This suspension is distinct from a true solution, and the amount of the solubilizate in the micellar system can be different (often higher) than the regular solubility of the solubilizate in the solvent.

In non-chemical literature and in everyday language, the term "solubilization" is sometimes used in a broader meaning as "to bring to a solution or (non-sedimenting) suspension" by any means, e.g., leaching by a reaction with an acid.

Application 
Micellar solubilization is widely utilized, e.g. in laundry washing using detergents, in the pharmaceutical industry, for formulations of poorly soluble drugs in solution form, and in cleanup of oil spills using dispersants.

Mechanism 
Literature distinguishes two major mechanisms of solubilization process of oil by surfactant micelles, affecting the kinetics of solubilization: surface reaction, i.e., by transient adsorption of micelles at the water-oil interface, and bulk reaction, whereby the surfactant micelles capture dissolved oil molecules.

See also
 Hydrotrope

References

External links

Solubilization of Homopolymers by Block Copolymer Micelles in Dilute Solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99 (11), pp 3723–3731, Jose R. Quintana, Ramiro A. Salazar, Issa Katime
Colloidal chemistry
Solutions
Centre For Electronics Design And Technology. The Centre For Electronics Design And Technology or CEDT is one of the departments under the division of Electrical Sciences in Indian Institute of Science. It was established in 1974. In 2011, it was renamed as Department of Electronic Systems and Engineering (DESE).

History

CEDT was established in 1974 with the support from Indian and Swiss Governments under "Indo Swiss Agreement on Technical and Scientific Co-operation signed on 27th September 1966". Prof. Arvind Victor Shah  and Prof. BS Sonde were the founding chairs.  :. Now it is renamed as DESE, Department of Electronic System Engineering.

Academics
The center offers following Master level programs, apart from the research program leading to a PhD.
 Master in Technology (M.Tech.) in Electronics Design & Technology (EDT)
 Master in Engineering (M.E.) in Microelectronics
 Master of Science (M.Sc.Eng.)

Admission
M.Tech.: candidates are shortlisted based on the GATE score. Then the admission is based on the written test & the interview conducted by CEDT faculty.

M.Sc. (By Research): candidates are shortlisted based on the GATE score. Then the admission is based on the interview conducted by CEDT faculty. The interview is conducted according to the candidates' area of interest.

Research
 Power Electronics
 Communication Networks
 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Circuits & Systems
 Nanoelectronics
 Electronics Packaging
 Electromagnetic Compatibility
 Embedded Systems
 Electro-Mechanics Lab

Location

CEDT is located in the eastern part of the IISc campus behind Mathematics department. The other nearby departments are:
Combustion, Gasification and Propulsion Laboratory
Center for Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences

Product design
The course structure is designed to inculcate system level understanding among the students. Most of the M.Tech. projects are sponsored by companies and result in hardware electronic products. Some of the students later transform their knowledge into commercial ventures like Gamma Porite.

CEDT Design Expo 
The CEDT Design Expo is the design exposition organised by the center every year in the month of June. In the expo, the M.Tech. students display the product designed by them as part of the two-year master's program. The display normally has a live demonstration of the product followed by discussions. The event is attended by various experts from the industry. The event is open to all.

References

Research institutes in Bengaluru
Multidisciplinary research institutes
Research institutes established in 1974
1974 establishments in Karnataka
Web platform. The Web platform is a collection of technologies developed as open standards by the World Wide Web Consortium and other standardization bodies such as the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group, the Unicode Consortium, the Internet Engineering Task Force, and Ecma International. It is the umbrella term introduced by the World Wide Web Consortium, and in 2011 it was defined as "a platform for innovation, consolidation and cost efficiencies" by W3C CEO Jeff Jaffe. Being built on The evergreen Web (where rapid, automatic software updates, vendor co-operation, standardization, and competition take place) has allowed for the addition of new capabilities while addressing security and privacy risks. Additionally, developers are enabled to build interoperable content on a cohesive platform.

The Web platform includes technologies—computer languages and APIs—that were originally created in relation to the publication of Web pages.  This includes HTML, CSS, SVG, MathML, WAI-ARIA, ECMAScript, WebGL, Web Storage, Indexed Database API, Web Components, WebAssembly, WebGPU, Web Workers, WebSocket, Geolocation API, Server-Sent Events, DOM Events, Media Fragments, XMLHttpRequest, Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, File API, RDFa, WOFF, HTTP, TLS 1.2, and IRI.

Platforms

HTML

CSS 
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.

Scalable Vector Graphics

JavaScript 
JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web, enabling us to implement all kinds of powerful dynamic features. The usage of JavaScript is not limited to browsers. You can use it in server and console environments with Node.

See also 
 Open Web Foundation (OWF)
 Responsive web design (RWD)
 Web standards
 WebPlatform.org

Notes

References

Internet properties established in 2011
HTML5
World Wide Web Consortium standards
SOCAR Tower. SOCAR Tower is a skyscraper in Baku, Azerbaijan. It is the 4th tallest building in Baku and in Azerbaijan. The skyscraper serves as the headquarters of SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic). It is one of Baku's major landmarks, along with the Flame Towers.

Construction started in 2010 and was completed in 2016. It was the tallest building in Baku until it was surpassed by the Port Baku Towers.

Design
The building, which was designed by Heerim Architects from South Korea, is an example of structural expressionism. It is composed of two towers which curve around each other as they rise, according to skyscraper.com, "the seemingly shorter tower almost looks like it's resting its head on the chest of the taller tower. The taller towers peak slightly, bending over it in a confident, reassuring and comforting manner". The tower is  tall and has 42 floors, covering an area of  and providing  of usage area. The headquarters mainly houses office space, but it also has conference and sports facilities, a guest house, retail spaces and food outlets.

The building's design is based on a composite system of steel construction (made by Permasteelisa Group) with reinforced concrete walls. The building is designed to be resistant to wind speeds of  and a magnitude nine earthquakes by the Richter scale.

The building, designed by South Korean Heerim Architects & Planners Co. Ltd, based on the concept of "wind and fire", was built by the Turkish company Tekfen Construction and Installation.

Gallery

See also
 List of twisted buildings

References

Buildings and structures under construction in Azerbaijan
Buildings and structures in Baku
Skyscrapers in Azerbaijan
SOCAR
Twisted buildings and structures
Skyscraper office buildings
Nels Johnson. Nels Johnson (1838–1915) was a Danish-American professional mechanic and engineer. Johnson died in Manistee on January 20, 1915, at the age of 76.

References

Sources

Further reading 
 Johnson autobiography 1914, History of the Life of Nels Johnson.

External links

1838 births
1915 deaths
American clockmakers
19th-century American inventors
Danish emigrants to the United States
People from Manistee, Michigan
Businesspeople from Milwaukee
People from Slagelse Municipality
19th-century American businesspeople
Charles Bruce-Gardner. Sir Charles Bruce-Gardner, 1st Baronet (6 November 1887 – 1 October 1960), born Charles Bruce Gardner, was an English industrialist, specialising in mechanical and aircraft production.

Born in London, he was the son of Henry Gardner and Florence Arliss. Educated at St. Dunstan's College and Battersea College of Technology, he was registered as a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

A director of John Summers & Sons from 1913, he subsequently became chairman of the John Lysaght Group He was also deputy-chairman of the Steel Company of Wales, a director of the Consett Iron Company and GKN, and chairman of British Iron and Steel Federation. He later became president of the Iron and Steel Institute.

Appointed an industrial advisor to the Governor of the Bank of England, as Chairman of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors from 1938 to 1943, he advised on the Shadow factory plan.

Changing his name by deed poll on 21 December 1937 to Charles Bruce-Gardner, he was knighted in the 1938 New Year Honours, having the honour conferred on 17 February 1938. He was created 1st Baronet Bruce-Gardner, 'of Frilford, in the County of Berkshire', on 12 February 1945.

References

External links
Entry at The Peerage

Businesspeople from London
Alumni of the University of Surrey
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Knights Bachelor
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1887 births
1960 deaths
20th-century English businesspeople
Ernst Weber (engineer). Ernst Weber (September 6, 1901 in Vienna, Austria – February 16, 1996 in Columbus, North Carolina), Austria-born American electrical engineer, was a pioneer in microwave technologies and played an important role in the history of the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, where in 1945 he founded the Microwave Research Institute (later renamed the Weber Research Institute in his honor). Weber was also the first president of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and one of the founders of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE).

Education and early years in Austria and Germany
Weber was born in Vienna, Austria. In 1924 he graduated with an engineering degree, and started working for the Siemens-Schuckert company as electrical engineer, initially in Vienna. In the meantime he studied further and earned two doctorates, a Ph.D. in 1926 from the University of Vienna and a Sc.D. in 1927 from the Technische Hochschule in Vienna (now TU Wien). Early 1929 he moved to Siemens-Schuckert headquarters in Berlin, Germany and started teaching at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin).

Awards and honors
Ernst Weber received several awards and honors, including:
 The U.S. President's Certificate of Merit from President Harry S. Truman in 1948
 The AIEE Education Medal in 1960, "for excellence as a teacher in science and electrical engineering, for creative contributions in research and development, for broad professional and administrative leadership and in all for a considerate approach to human relations"
 Eta Kappa Nu naming him an Eminent Member in 1962
 The IEEE Founders Medal in 1971, "for leadership in the advancement of the electrical and electronics engineering profession in the fields of education, engineering societies, industry and government"
 The Microwave Career Award from the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society in 1977
 The U.S. National Medal of Science from President Ronald Reagan in 1987
 To honor him, IEEE renamed in 1996 the IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award to IEEE Ernst Weber Engineering Leadership Recognition.

Books

References

1901 births
1996 deaths
Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Presidents of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Presidents of the Institute of Radio Engineers
Asset (computer security). In information security, computer security and network security, an asset is any data, device, or other component of the environment that supports information-related activities.   Assets generally include hardware (e.g. servers and switches), software (e.g. mission critical applications and support systems) and confidential information. Assets should be protected from illicit access, use, disclosure, alteration, destruction, and/or theft, resulting in loss to the organization.

The CIA triad

The goal of information security is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of assets from various threats.  For example, a hacker might attack a system in order to steal credit card numbers by exploiting a vulnerability. Information Security experts must assess the likely impact of an attack and employ appropriate countermeasures.  In this case they might put up a firewall and encrypt their credit card numbers.

Risk analysis

When performing risk assessment, it is important to weigh how much to spend protecting each asset against the cost of losing the asset. It is also important to take into account the chance of each loss occurring.  Intangible costs must also be factored in.  If a hacker makes a copy of all a company's credit card numbers it does not cost them anything directly but the loss in fines and reputation can be enormous.

See also

 Countermeasure (computer)
 Factor analysis of information risk
 Information security management
 IT risk
 Risk factor
 Risk management

References

External links

 FISMApedia TERM

Data security
IT risk management
Reliability analysis
Security compliance
Basic-256. Basic-256 is a project to learn the basics of computer programming. The project started in 2007 inspired by the article “Why Johnny can't code” by David Brin, which also inspired the creation of Microsoft Small Basic. Its main focus is to provide a simple and comprehensive environment for middle/high school students to learn the basics of computer programming.

Basic-256 started as a simple version of BASIC: the code editor, text output window and graphics display window are all visible in the same screen. However, successive versions have added new features, namely:

 Files (Eof, Size) – Version 9.4d
 Mouse events – Version 9.4d
 Sprites handling – Version 0.9.6n
 Database functions – Version 0.9.6y
 Network – Version 0.9.6.31
 Real Functions and Subroutines – Version 0.9.9.1
 Maps (Dictionaries) – Version 2.0.0.1

Complete documentation is available in English, Russian, Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese.

See also
Microsoft Small Basic
Thonny
Toolbox
Kojo
JUDO

References

External links
 Home Page – user manuals and tutorials
 Basic Book – Learn to program Basic-256 with a free Creative Commons e-book.
 Basic bits Blog – Short programs in Basic 256.  
  UglyMike's Web Lair  – Graphical Demos and Widgets.  
   Basic 256 in Rosetta Code – Language chrestomathy (comparison) site.
 Basic256 at Escuela 31 – Class based Exercises in Spanish
 Basic256 German tutorial – German Tutorial (Public Domain)

BASIC programming language family
Interpreters
BASIC interpreters
Free educational software
Pedagogic integrated development environments
Linux integrated development environments
Free integrated development environments
Elphel. Elphel, Inc. designs and manufactures open hardware and free software cameras. The company was founded in 2001 by Russian physicist Andrey Filippov, who emigrated to the US in 1995.

Elphel cameras have been used to capture images for Google Street View and the Google Books project.  The Moss Landing Marine Laboratories use Elphel cameras in their project called Submersible Capable of Under Ice Navigation and Imaging (SCINI) – an NSF-funded research project for robotic under the sea ice for surveying and exploration in Antarctica.

See also
 AXIOM, an open source hardware 4K digital cinema camera

References

External links
 Elphel official website

Cameras
Digital cameras
Embedded Linux
Linux-based devices
Open hardware electronic devices
Free software companies
Rans S-4 Coyote. The Rans S-4 Coyote and Rans S-5 Coyote are a family of American single-engined, tractor configuration, single-seat, high-wing monoplanes designed by Randy Schlitter and manufactured by Aero-Max and later by Rans Inc. The Coyote was available in kit form for amateur construction as an ultralight aircraft or amateur-built aircraft.

Production of both designs was completed on 1 June 2006 after having been available for 23 years.

Design and development
The Coyote single seat was designed by Randy Schlitter in 1982, as a result of his dissatisfaction with existing ultralight designs at the time. Construction of the first S-2 Coyote prototype was started in November 1982, with the first flight following in March 1983. Originally the design was to be manufactured by a new company Aero-Max, which was a partnership between Schlitter and a friend of his. The partnership failed over financial issues and kit manufacturing was passed to Schlitter's company, Rans, which was at that time building sailtrikes.

Both models of the family feature a welded 4130 steel tube cockpit, with a bolted aluminum tube rear fuselage, wing and tail surfaces all covered in pre-sewn Dacron envelopes, which shorten construction time. The reported construction time is 211 man-hours.

The Coyote S-4 has conventional landing gear, while the S-5 has tricycle gear. Both can be equipped with floats and skis. The original basic engine was the Rotax 277 of , with the Rotax 447 of  and the Rotax 503 of  available later as options.

The Coyote II two-seater was later developed from the S-5.

Operational history
There were 246 S-4s and S-5s built and flown by December 1998.

Many S-4s are flown as unregistered ultralights in the US, but in November 2010 there were four registered along with four S-5s. In November 2010 there were four S-4s and one S-5 registered in Canada. In December 2010 there were nine S-4s and three S-5s registered in the United Kingdom.

Variants
S-2
Prototype first flown in March 1983
S-3
Improved prototype flown in September 1983, entered production as the S-4
S-4
Conventional landing gear version intended as a FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles compliant design when equipped with the standard   Rotax 277 engine. No longer in production.
S-5
Tricycle landing gear version for the US Experimental amateur-built category with options such as brakes. Engines include Rotax 447 of  and the Rotax 503 of . No longer in production.

Specifications (S-5)

See also

References

External links

Photo of an S-4 Coyote
Photo of an S-5 Coyote

1980s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
S-004 Coyote
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1983
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Hybtonite. Hybtonite is trademark of Amroy Europe Oy for carbon nanoepoxy resins. It is a family of composite resins reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

The material and the manufacturing method were originally developed in the Nanoscience Center of the University of Jyväskylä during the years 2002 to 2004.
Ultrasound is used to disperse the nanotubes and to create radicals at the ends of CNT molecules.
CNTs can then chemically react with epoxy resin or other material forming strong covalent bonds. This results in a more durable hybrid composite structure that is between 20% and 30% stronger (with only 0.5% CNT contents) than a conventional reinforced plastic.

The manufacturing process allows controlling the material properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and viscosity. Different forms of hybtonite are available for different purposes such as laminating (glass fiber, carbon fiber), epoxy paints and glues.

Applications 

The first application areas for hybtonite have been in field of wind turbines, marine applications and sports gear.
 Montreal Nitro ice hockey stick was the first commercial product using hybtonite.
 Cross-country skis and roller skis by Peltonen Sports
 Baseball bats by Karhu Sports
 Hunting arrows by Easton
 Surfboards by Entropy Surfboards
 Eagle Windpower manufactures small size (2 kW to 100 kW) wind turbines using hybtonite as material for the blades.
 Large wind turbines manufactured by Evergreen (China), LM Glassfiber (Denmark) and CompoTech (Czech Republic)
 Marine paints / AMC nano coating.

Awards 

In January 2006, Montreal Hybtonite hockey stick "Nitro" was voted number one Nano product in the world at Nanotech 2006 trade show in Tokyo, Japan.

In December 2009, Amroy received Frost & Sullivan European Technology Innovation Award for its work on hybtonite.

References 

Composite materials
Nanomaterials
Finnish inventions
Synthetic resins
BOUML. BOUML is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram designer. Programmed in C++ and Qt, it is multilingual, and supports code generation and code reverse engineering. The releases prior to version 4.23 are free software licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). BOUML 5 up to 6.12 is proprietary software. BOUML 7 and later is free software.

History 
In September 2010, developer Bruno Pagès announced that he was ceasing work on BOUML (other than bug fixes), citing "copyright violations and mismanagement from Wikipedia administrators". 

The version 4.23 named "ultimate" was distributed in November 2010, after which it was announced that no more updates would be released. However, several patches were released after the announcement, the last being BOUML 4.23 ultimate patch 7 in October 2011. 

In February 2012, version 5 was released as the first paid version. It has a new file format, but is backward compatible in that version 5 can read project files saved by the old versions.

In August 2012, version 6 was released as the first version managing MySQL.

In May 2017, BOUML is again free of use and the version 7 was released as the first of the new free versions, it is still backward compatible in that version 7 can read project files saved by the old versions.

In August 2021, developer Bruno Pagès announced the end of the development of BOUML due to obsolescence of the used framework.

Code generation and reverse engineering 
BOUML can automatically generate code from the UML class diagrams and rebuild them from existing source code using the following languages: C++, Java, PHP, and MYSQL. It can also generate code for Python and IDL, but not extract the UML model for these languages.

See also 
 List of Unified Modeling Language tools

References

External links 

 

Formerly open-source or free software
UML tools
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. The Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology is published by American Scientific Publishers, a company identified as a predatory publisher on Beall's List. It was delisted from Web of Science in the 2019 index, after having received an expression of concern a year earlier.

The journal publishes all aspects of nanoscale science and technology dealing with materials synthesis, processing, nanofabrication, nanoprobes, spectroscopy, properties, biological systems, nanostructures, theory and computation, nanoelectronics, nano-optics, nano-mechanics, nanodevices, nanobiotechnology, nanomedicine, nanotoxicology.

References

External links 
 

Nanotechnology journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 2001
English-language journals