omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
De Havilland Ghost (V8). The de Havilland Ghost was a British V-8 aero engine that first ran in 1928.

Design and development
Designed by Geoffrey de Havilland the 'Ghost' was developed from the ADC Cirrus aero engine by using two banks of four cylinders. This appeared at first to be a retrograde step as the Cirrus was itself developed from the Renault 80 hp V8 engine however with the improved Cirrus cylinders the Ghost developed over twice the power of the French engine for a lower weight. Another difference from the Renault was the use of a propeller reduction gear, the Ghost's sole known aircraft application was the prototype de Havilland Hawk Moth high-wing cabin monoplane.

Specifications (Ghost)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links
Image of the de Havilland Ghost installed in a Hawk Moth - Flight, February 1929

Ghost (V8)
1920s aircraft piston engines
Anchorage Depot. Anchorage Depot, also known as Alaska Railroad Depot, is the railroad station at the center of the Alaska Railroad system at the junction of the two main lines their trains run on.  It serves as the starting point for many tourists traveling on the luxury trains such as the Denali Star. The station is a Moderne-style three story concrete building, built in 1942 and enlarged in 1948.

It is located at the base of a hill, below downtown Anchorage.  It measures  by .

In 1999, it was deemed significant in the history of transportation in Alaska and nominated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.  The depot, built of concrete and steel and well-equipped, was held to represent the railroad's transition from wooden structures and equipment inadequate for challenges of the World War II era and since.

It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 27, 1999.

It appears that sometime before October 2020, a high platform was built on the third track over from the main depot, thus making this the first train station in Alaska to have a high platform.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska

References

External links

 
 

1942 establishments in Alaska
Alaska Railroad stations
Alaska Railroad station
Historic American Buildings Survey in Alaska
Streamline Moderne architecture in the United States
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1942
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Alaska
International Symposium on Wearable Computers. The International Symposium on Wearable Computers or ISWC (pronounced "iz-wic") is one of the most prominent academic conferences on wearable computing and ubiquitous computing.

Its first edition was held in 1997 in Cambridge, MA, USA. Proceedings from every edition are published by IEEE Press.

Overview

References

External links
 Official website

Computer science conferences
Ubiquitous computing
Zeppelin-SNCASO ZSO 523. The ZSO 523 was a proposed 1940s large military transport designed by the Zeppelin company of Friedrichshafen. During the Second World War Nazi Germany concentrated on building fighters and bombers and the production of support aircraft was transferred to occupied France. The project was abandoned when France was liberated in 1944.

Development
With Messerschmitt concentrating on the design and build of combat aircraft the design of a larger transport/airliner based on the design of the large Messerschmitt Me 323 military transport was sub-contracted to Zeppelin. The aircraft was to be built in France by SNCASO.

The ZSO 523 would be like the Me 323 a high-wing monoplane but was larger with both a front and rear loading ramp. Powered by six 1618 kW (2200 hp) Gnome-Rhône 18R engines it also had a six-wheel retractable main landing gear. Calculations show that with a load of 22 tons the ZSO.523 can reach a distance of 2,200 km, while the maximum load was 46 tonnes.

Specifications (proposed)

See also

References
Notes

1940s German military utility aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Reggiane Re.2003. The Reggiane Re.2003 was a development from the Reggiane Re.2002 fighter bomber that first flew on 29 June 1941. It was designed to replace the outdated IMAM Ro.37 used at the time. Unlike the Re.2002, it had room for a second crewman who sat behind the pilot. It was equipped with onboard camera equipment. The Fiat A.74 RC.38 engine was intended to be used originally, but the Piaggio P. XI RC 40 bis was chosen instead. Only one was ever produced, and production for a second started, but never finished. The Regia Aeronautica (Italian Air Force) made an order of 200, but cancelled the order as Allied bombing raids made the Air Force's focus switch to fighter aircraft.

Specifications

See also 
 North American T-6 Texan

Related Development
 Reggiane Re.2000
 Reggiane Re.2001
 Reggiane Re.2002
 Reggiane Re.2004
 Reggiane Re.2005
 Reggiane Re.2006

References

Bibliography

External links

1930s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1941
2003
List of inclines in Pittsburgh. Beginning in 1870, the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania built numerous inclined railways to provide passenger service to workers traveling the steep hills to their homes; there were 17 built in the late 19th century. Following road building and greater use of private automobiles, the inclines business declined and most were closed and removed. 

The Monongahela Incline, the first built in the city, and the Duquesne Incline are the only two still operating. They carry passengers between Mount Washington and the lowlands along the Monongahela River. They are each listed on the National Register of Historic Places and, in 1977, both were recognized as Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

Further: H.B. Hays and Brothers Coal Railroad

External links
 A video of the Monongahela and Knoxville inclines operating in Pittsburgh during 1926. The Monongahela Freight incline can also be seen in the video.

References

 
Railway inclines
Holt tractor. The Holt tractors were a range of continuous track haulers built by the Holt Manufacturing Company of Stockton, California which were named after company founder Benjamin Holt.

Between 1908 and 1913, twenty-seven of the first 100 Holt caterpillar track-type tractors were used on the Los Angeles Aqueduct project, which provided a good proving ground for these machines.

Military use 

They were widely used by the British, French and American armies in the First World War  for hauling heavy artillery including the BL 9.2-inch howitzer and the BL 8-inch howitzer. Around 2,000 Holt 75s along with 698 Holt 120s and 63 Holt 60s saw military use during the war. The French Schneider CA1 and Saint-Chamond and German A7V tanks were based on Holt tractors.

Specification 

There were at least three models used for military purposes: the Holt 75, the Holt 120 and to a lesser extent the Holt 60. The Holt 75 was first produced in 1913. It used two tracks for steering. It had a maximum speed of  and had a gasoline engine. In addition to US production 442 Holt 75s were built in Britain by Ruston & Hornsby in Lincoln. Production of the Holt 75 was to continue post war until 1924.

The  model had a tiller-type steering wheel at the front that was usually covered. It weighed about . It was developed in direct response to a request for a heavy artillery tractor. The prototype was produced in 1914 with production beginning in 1915.

The Holt 60 which saw limited use in the war was introduced in 1911.

Literature
 Holt Tractors Photo Archive: An Album of Steam and Early Gas Tractors,

References

External links

 Holt tractor models

Artillery tractors
Caterpillar Inc. vehicles
Holt Manufacturing Company
World War I vehicles of the United Kingdom
Great Wall Peri. The Great Wall Peri () is a city car produced by the Chinese automobile manufacturer Great Wall Motors.

Overview
The Peri is being sold in several countries of Asia. One of the main advantages against established European, American and other Asian rivals is the low cost of the Peri compared to these.

One of the reasons for the in-comparison low retail price of the Great Wall Peri is that it is based heavily on older models by other manufacturers. The entry-level motor is supplied by Mitsubishi and the interior resembles the second-generation Fiat Panda while the exterior strongly resembles the first-generation Nissan Note. The Great Wall Peri complies with the Euro-III emissions standard.

Peri 4x4/Haval M1
Great Wall also produce a crossover version called the Haval M1. It was previously known as the Peri 4x4.

Fiat Panda copy controversy
By December 2006, Italian automaker Fiat was considering taking legal action against Great Wall for copying their popular second-generation Panda as the Peri. Apart from the front end, the Peri was designed to look identical to the Panda inside and out.

On July 16, 2008, a Turin court upheld Fiat's claim and banned the Peri from being imported into Europe. In addition, the court order ruled that Great Wall Motors would pay Fiat a 15,000-euro fine for the first Peri imported, and an additional 50,000 euros for every subsequent car that was imported.

In October 2009, Great Wall Motor sued Fiat, accusing the latter of espionage. In the lawsuit, Great Wall claims that "Fiat once instigated espionage to prowl into its research center and take photos of Peri small car that was still under development."

References

External links

Official website (archived)

City cars
Peri
2000s cars
2010s cars
Cars of China
Design World. Design World is a U.S. trade magazine headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio with print and online issues covering topics in the field of OEM design engineering. Design World also publishes special issues and handbooks on related topics such as motion control, bearings, sensors, packaging, semiconductors, machine tools, energy, fluid power and robotics.

Design World publishes twelve print editions annually that are sent to a BPA-audited circulation of 40,000 OEM design engineers. The digital version of the magazine is sent monthly to 100,000 subscribers.

History
Design World is owned and managed by a publishing company, WTWH Media, originally headquartered in Middleburg Heights, Ohio. The initial editorial team was established on September 1, 2006, with the first issue being published in October 2006. 

Sister sites to Design World include Solar Power World, The Robot Report, and EE World Online, among others. 

In 2007, Design World created an issue named Leadership in Engineering, that is published annually in January. This issue nominates inventors, specific departments, and companies exemplifying leadership in the engineering field.

Awards and honors
In 2008 and 2009, Design World was selected as a winner in the APEX Awards for Publication Excellence for best new design and layout.

In 2009, Design World won an ASBPF Regional Design Award for business circulations under 80,000.

References

External links
 Official website

Business magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Design magazines
Engineering magazines
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines published in Cleveland
Professional and trade magazines published in the United States
Paul Brokaw. Paul Brokaw is an expert on integrated circuit design who has spent most of his career at Analog Devices, where he holds the position of Analog Fellow. He is the inventor of many analog IC circuits, including the Brokaw bandgap reference and holds over 100 patents.  He is also an IEEE Fellow.

Publications

Awards and honors
 2021 - IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuits

References
 
 
   Keynote and luncheon talks, ""Growing up with Batteries and Wires," Paul Brokaw, Fellow - Analog Devices, of "Brokaw Road" and "Brokaw Bandgap"".

External links
 A Transistor Voltage Reference, and What the Band-Gap Has To Do With It – This 1989 video features Paul Brokaw explaining his bandgap voltage reference.

Analog electronics engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
De Mûnts, Buitenpost. De Mûnts (English: The Monk) is a smock mill in Buitenpost, Friesland, Netherlands which has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 7039.

History

This mill was built in 1870 at Oosterhoogebrug, Groningen, where it drained the Borgsloterpolder in connection with the construction of the Eemskanal. It was demolished in 1952. In 1958, millwright A de Roos of Leeuwarden started to rebuild the mill at Buitenpost for Wolter O Bakker of Harkstede. This was completed in 1959. Repairs and restoration were carried out in 1963 and 1973. In 1985, the inner sailstock, which was made of wood, broke. It was replaced by an iron one by millwright Buurma of Oudeschans, Groningen. In 1990, the outer sailstock was also replaced with an iron on by Buurma. Further restoration work was carried out on the mill in 1994.

Description

De Mûnts is a smock mill winded by a winch. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost to the ground. The mill has a single-storey brick base and a three-storey smock. The smock and cap are thatched. The four Common sails  have a span of  and are carried in a wooden windshaft. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 37 cogs. This drives the wallower (19 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel (28 cogs) drives the wooden Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 29 cogs. The Archimedes' screw has an axle diameter of 210 millimetres (8¼ in) and is  diameter overall. It is inclined at an angle of 15°. Each revolution of the screw lifts  of water.

Public access

De Mûnts is open to the public when the mill is working, or by appointment.

References

Achtkarspelen
Windmills in Friesland
Windmills completed in 1959
Smock mills in the Netherlands
Rijksmonuments in Friesland
Octagonal buildings in the Netherlands
Washing (photography). In photography, washing is an important part of all film processing and printmaking processes. After materials have been fixed, washing removes unwanted and exhausted processing chemicals which, if left in situ, may cause deterioration and destruction of the image.

A disadvantage of the use of thiosulfate as a fixer is its ability to dissolve elemental silver at a very slow rate. If films or papers are inadequately washed after fixing, any residual fixer can slowly bleach or stain the photographic image. For prints on high grade fibre papers, a period of continuous washing in clean, cold water for up to 40 minutes may be required. For modern plastic (resin) coated papers, washing for as little as 2 minutes in warm water can be sufficient to eliminate residual fixer. Washing aids (also called hypo clearing agents) can be used to make the process of removing fixer faster and more thorough.

A quick, water-saving, and archival technique for washing film fixed with nonhardening fixer in a spiral tank is the popular "Ilford method":

 Fill the developing tank with tap water at the same temperature as the fixer (+/-5 °C or  9°F)—maintaining a constant bath temperature during processing is necessary to avoid reticulation of the emulsion;
 Invert the tank five times and drain it completely;
 Fill the tank again, invert it ten times, and drain it completely;
 Fill the tank again, invert it twenty times, and drain it completely.
 The film is now washed.

More conventional darkroom practice recommends washing film for 30 minutes or longer, with a flow of water sufficient to change the water in the washing container at least three times. This is not needed when non-hardening fixers are used.

Over-washing can actually reduce the archival properties of film, as thiosulfate in very small concentrations has been shown to have a beneficial effect on film image stability.

References

Photographic processes
Diffpack. Diffpack is a programming environment for developing simulation software for scientific and engineering applications. Diffpack has its main focus on the numerical modeling and solution of partial differential equations, in particular by the finite element method and the finite difference method (finite volume method is also supported to some extent).

Features 
The Diffpack software consists of a family of C++ libraries for general tasks related to numerical solution of partial differential equations, plus a set of Perl and Python scripts that ease the development of simulation programs and problem solving environments for scientific or engineering research. The package was one of the first to explore object-oriented programming and the C++ language for advanced, high-performance computing.

History 
Diffpack has been actively developed since 1991, with main contributions from University of Oslo and the research institutes SINTEF and Simula Research Laboratory. The initiators and main contributors to Diffpack in the 1990s were Hans Petter Langtangen and Are Magnus Bruaset. Version 1.0 of the software was released in the public domain in 1995, with a new version in 1997. 

The Norwegian company Numerical Objects AS took over the rights of Diffpack 1997 and commercialized the product. In 2003, the German company inuTech GmbH purchased Diffpack and is now the principal maintainer and developer of the software.

Adoption 
Past and present Diffpack customers include AREVA NP, Air Force Research Laboratory, Robert Bosch GmbH, Cambridge University, Canon, CEA, CalCom, DaimlerChrysler, Furukawa, Harvard University, Intel, Mitsubishi, NASA, Nestle, Nippon Steel, Shell, Siemens, Stanford University, Statoil, Veritas, VAI GmbH, and Xerox. Diffpack applications have been built in diverse areas, such as oil and gas, mechanical engineering, telecommunication, medicine and finance. The customer activities span from simple prototype applications to projects involving several man-years of simulator development.

See also 
 List of finite element software packages
 List of numerical analysis software

References 
 Diffpack website
 Computational Partial Differential Equations - Numerical Methods and Diffpack Programming (book)
 inuTech GmbH

Scientific simulation software
Finite element software
Finite element software for Linux
AKAT-1. AKAT-1 is a historic analog computer. 

Constructed in 1959 by Jacek Karpiński and Janusz Tomaszewski it was the world's first transistorised differential equations analyzer.

Background 
Karpiński built the device at the Polish Academy of Science's Institute of Automatics. AKAT-1 aimed to simulate various complex dynamic processes like thermodynamics, heat transfer or a shock absorber's mechanics. The device's innovativeness was acknowledged by computer science historians, e.g. Maciej Sysło claims it has to be conceded that Karpiński's effort preceded any other similar device. The construction was also lauded for its aesthetical merits. The panel designed by leading Polish artists Emil Cieślar, Olgierd Rutkowski, Stanisław Siemek and Andrzej Wróblewski at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts had been considered to 'innovatively merge all functions in a congruent and attractive form that anticipated the future trends'. The machine has been domestically welcomed warmly, having been covered by a host of country-wide media, including national television TVP1 and Polish Film Chronicle.

Production 
The AKAT-1 was only implemented as prototype. Due to political reasons the system never went into mass production.

Current state 
A prototype of the machine is exhibited in the Museum of Technology in Warsaw.

Further reading 
 P. Lipiński Geniusz i Świnie. Rzecz o Jacku Karpińskim, wyd. JanKa, 2014

References  

Analog computers
Computers designed in Poland
Hejian Technology Corporation. Hejian Technology Corporation () is a Chinese semiconductor foundry company.

History
Hejian was founded in November 2001 as a Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise that was registered in the British Virgin Islands. The company began operating in Suzhou. It started production in 2003. They specialize in automotive, consumer, and industrial chips in the range of 0.5 micron to 110 nanometer. Hejian is located in Suzhou Industrial Park. They employ approximately 2,000 workers.

The company was renamed from Hejian Technology (Suzhou) Co. () to Hejian Chip (). Its two biggest customers in 2019 were MediaTek and Tsinghua Unigroup. In 2006, Hejian had US$239million in revenue and employed around 1,600 people. This made it the third biggest foundry company in China and the 9th biggest in the world.

References

External links
 Official website

Foundry semiconductor companies
Semiconductor companies of China
Manufacturing companies based in Suzhou
Suzhou Industrial Park
Computer companies established in 2001
Electronics companies established in 2001
Chinese brands
2001 in Suzhou
Axios Systems. Axios Systems was a provider of Service Desk, IT Service Management and IT asset management software. Its assyst enterprise application suite was the first to support ITIL best practices. In March 2021, the company was acquired by IFS AB and its product was rebranded as IFS assyst.

The company had several large customers including Lego and Linklaters.

The company was headquartered in Edinburgh, United Kingdom, with North American headquarters in Herndon, Virginia.

History
Tasos Symeonides and Ailsa Symeonides founded the company in 1988. Symeonidess, who was born in Cyprus and migrated to Glasgow as a child, reportedly got the idea of launching Axios Systems while walking in a park and contemplating how to pay the mortgage on his newly purchased home in the Eskbank area of Edinburgh. Initially, 16 employees worked from the Symeonides residence.  John Menzies, which had previously employed Tasos as a computer systems manager, became Axios Systems' first customer. The business continued to operate from within the family's attic and bedrooms until 1995, when the company moved to Walker Street, near Haymarket, Edinburgh, and later to nearby Melville Street.

From 2003, Axios Systems expanded into Europe, opening offices in Amsterdam, Munich, Moscow, the United Arab Emirates and Malaysia.

In 2004, Targeting Innovation, in partnership with Scottish Enterprise, named Axios Systems the 'Scottish software company of the year'.

In March 2004, Axios was the first organization to achieve BS15000 (now ISO 20000) certification.

In 2013, Axios became the first service management vendor to introduce gamification.

In 2016, assyst then achieved accreditation for 16 PinkVERIFY ITIL processes, the first service management vendor to do so.

In March 2021, the company was acquired by IFS AB and its product was rebranded as IFS assyst.

Certifications, governance and compliancy
 ISO/IEC 20000 (formerly BS 15000)
 ISM certification
 ITIL (all 16 processes)
 Microsoft Software Asset Management Competency

See also
 Help Desk
 ITIL

References

1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
2021 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United Kingdom
ITIL
Software companies disestablished in 2021
Software companies established in 1988