omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Horseshoe Project. The Horseshoe Project was a $798 million highway project that upgraded the congested Mix Master interchange in Downtown Dallas, Texas, connecting Interstate 35E (I-35E) and Interstate 30 (I-30). Construction began during the spring of 2013 and ended in 2017. The contractor was Pegasus Link Constructors, a partnership between Balfour Beatty Infrastructure and Fluor Enterprises. The project, which used the design-build project delivery system, included construction of the Margaret McDermott Bridge partially designed by Spanish civil engineer and architect Santiago Calatrava.

Overview
In its previous state, the Mix Master was among the 17 most congested roadways in Texas, seeing more than 460,000 vehicles in a week. The project aimed to replace the bridges of I-30 and I-35E that cross the Trinity River, which were built in the 1930s and 1950s. With the completion of the project, the two highways now feature a combined 23 lanes, up from 16 lanes in the original interchange. The project "included the construction of more than 73 lane miles of new roadway, 37 conventional bridges and more than 60 retaining walls." 

To fund the project, $500 million came from the federal government, and the remaining $298 million came from the state and local governments.

The Mix Master
The original Mix Master was constructed between 1958 and 1962 and never saw significant change after its initial completion. Minor improvements included converting the shoulders to travel lanes and elevating the HOV Lane for I-35E over the interchange to Houston Street and Jefferson Boulevard. In the 1950s, most freeway traffic in the area was headed into Downtown; now most traffic bypasses it. The original interchange was thus primarily designed to simplify entering downtown, which created some disadvantages, including incomplete access and on-ramps in close proximity to off-ramps, resulting in significant weaving in and out of traffic.

Layout
The Mix Master is essentially a highly modified stack interchange. Before the Horseshoe Project, there was no direct access from eastbound I-30 to southbound I-35E, or from northbound I-35E to westbound I-30. Due to this problem, many drivers used Riverfront Boulevard as a connecting route. The interchange also previously included several left-hand exits and low visibility points that the Horseshoe Project eliminated.

City streets in the area include Riverfront Boulevard, Jefferson Boulevard, Houston Street, Cadiz Street and Canton Street.

Awards
The project has won several engineering awards, including the Design-Build Institute of America's 2017 National Award of Merit in Transportation, the American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC) of Texas's 2018 Engineer Excellence Award gold medal for transportation, and the 2018 ACEC National Engineering Excellence Honor Award.

See also

References

 

Road interchanges in the United States
Interstate 30
Interstate 35
Transportation in Dallas
SPA 6A. The SPA 6A is an Italian water-cooled inline six-cylinder aero engine of the World War I era.  The SPA 6A is mostly known for its use in the Ansaldo SVA high speed reconnaissance aircraft.

Design and development
The Societa Piemontese Automobili (SPA) of Turin, Italy started building aircraft engines in 1908 and prior to 1916 had built flat, vee and radial engines.  In 1916 SPA began manufacturing a straight-six engine known as the 6A.  

The SPA 6A was designed with steel cylinders arranged in pairs with a common welded water jacket.  The type made use of relatively advanced features such as aluminium pistons and a 6 degree overlap in valve timing.

The engine was ordered into mass production by the Italian Military Aviation Technical Division to equip the Ansaldo SVA aircraft.  In addition to production by SPA, the 6A engine was manufactured by Ansaldo, Breda, Talomona and Industrie Mecchaniche e Ferroviarie of Arezzo.

The Ansaldo SVA was one of the fastest aircraft of WW1 with a top speed of . During WW1, Anasaldo SVAs made a sensational flight over Vienna to drop propaganda leaflets.  Other famous exploits of the Ansaldo SVA included a 1920 Rome-Tokyo flight and a 1919 crossing of the Andes.

Around 3,000 SPA 6A engines were produced in three variants: normal, semi super-compressed and super-compressed.  Engines of this type remained in service until the 1930s.

Variants
SPA 6A Normal Originally rated for  at 1,600 rpm with a displacement of  and a weight of . Maximum power .
SPA 6A Semi-Super-Compressed Identical to the normal 6A, but with the cylinder bore increased to , and with a capacity of . Rated for  but could develop  at 1,700 rpm.
SPA 6-2-A Super-Compressed Displacement  bore increased to  bore and  stroke, with a weight of . Rated at  but could develop  at 1,850 rpm.

Applications
Ansaldo A.1 Balilla
Ansaldo SVA
Bartel BM.5
Breda A.2
Breda A.3
Breda A.9 and A.9bis
CANT 7ter
Caproni Ca.66
Gabardini G.9
SIAI S.50

Specifications (6A Normal)

See also

References

1910s aircraft piston engines
Straight-six engines
Builder's plate. A builder's plate is usually a metal plate that is attached to railway locomotives and rolling stock, bogies, construction equipment, trucks, automobiles, large household appliances, bridges, ships and more. 
It gives such information as the name of the manufacturer, the place and country of manufacture, the model number, the serial number, as well as the date of manufacture or date of fabrication of the item or unit.

Gallery

See also 

 Engine number
 Head badge
 Headboard (train)
 Nameplate
 Railroadiana
 VRP
 VIN

References 
 

Identifiers
Infographics
Locomotive parts
Signage
Moragon Stela. The Moragon Stela is a Spanish two-seat fixed-wing microlight aircraft designed and built Aeromoragan based at Casarrubios del Monte, Spain. The aircraft was supplied as complete or as a kit for amateur construction.

The Stela is a two-seat side-by-side high-wing braced monoplane with a composite structure. It has a fixed tricycle landing gear and can be powered by an  Jabiru 2200 engine or a Rotax 912 or 912S.

Aeromarmi Stella M1 
The Aeromarmi Stella M1 was a light plane made under license in Mexico by Aeromarmi since 2006. It was powered by a Jabiru 3300 flat six piston engine and a Sensenich series Z propeller. However, the few sales and the elimination of the airworthiness certification by the DGAC forced the Mexican company to stop manufacturing the aircraft in 2010.

Specifications

References

Homebuilt aircraft
2000s Spanish civil utility aircraft
Orenco B. The Orenco B was a prototype American fighter aircraft of World War I. It was a single-engined, single-seat biplane that flew in 1918. Although it demonstrated good performance, it did not enter large scale service.

Design and development
The Ordnance Engineering Corporation of Baldwin, Long Island, designed and built its first aircraft, the Type A, a two-seat trainer in 1917, although no production followed. To design its second aircraft, a single-seat fighter, it acquired the services of Frenchman Etienne Dormoy, a member of the French Aeronautical Mission to the United States, who had previously worked for SPAD. The design, the Type B, was a single-engined tractor biplane of wooden construction. It was powered by a single  Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary engine and had two-bay wings. Planned armament was three Marlin machine guns, one under the upper wing and two under the lower wings.

The first prototype made its maiden flight in early 1918. It demonstrated good performance, reaching a speed of , and four aircraft were ordered by the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, along with five of the closely related Type C fighter trainer, the first being delivered in March 1918. Despite this, the type was not adopted further, as the 160 hp Gnome did not go into production in the United States, and the US Army decided to build European fighters under license instead. It is uncertain whether all four Type Bs were completed, with some sources indicating only one type B having been built.

Specifications

Notes

Citations

References

1910s United States fighter aircraft
B
Biplanes
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Single-engined tractor aircraft
ATmega328. The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core.

Specifications 
The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, 3 flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and 5 software-selectable power-saving modes. The device operates between 1.8 and 5.5 volts.
The device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS/MHz.

Features

Family 
A common alternative to the ATmega328 is the "picoPower" ATmega328P.  A comprehensive list of all other members of the megaAVR series can be found on the Atmel website.

 ATmega328
 ATmega328P and ATmega328P-AUTOMOTIVE
 ATmega328PB and ATmega328PB-AUTOMOTIVE (superset of ATmega328P) - has more UART, I2C, and SPI peripherals than ATmega328P

Applications 
ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini and Arduino Nano models.

Programming 

Reliability qualification shows that the projected data retention failure rate is much less than  over 20 years at 85 °C or 100 years at 25 °C.

Programming mode is entered when PAGEL (PD7), XA1 (PD6), XA0 (PD5), BS1 (PD4) is set to zero.  RESET pin to 0 V and VCC to 0 V. VCC is set to 4.5–5.5 V. Wait 60 μs, and RESET is set to 11.5–12.5 V. Wait more than 310 μs.  Set XA1:XA0:BS1:DATA = , pulse XTAL1 for at least 150 ns, pulse WR to zero. This starts the chip erase. Wait until RDY/BSY (PD1) goes high.  XA1:XA0:BS1:DATA = , XTAL1 pulse, pulse WR to zero. This is the flash write command. And so on.

Serial data to the MCU is clocked on the rising edge and data from the MCU is clocked on the falling edge. Power is applied to VCC while RESET and SCK are set to zero. Wait for at least 20 ms and then the programming enable serial instruction 0xAC, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00 is sent to the MOSI pin. The second byte (0x53) will be echoed back by the MCU.

See also 
 ATmega88
 AVR microcontrollers
 Atmel AVR instruction set
 ATtiny microcontroller comparison chart
 In-system programming

References

External links 
 Official webpages
 ATmega328 - Microchip
 ATmega328P - Microchip
 ATmega328PB - Microchip

Atmel microcontrollers
Keihan 8000 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) limited express train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Japan since 1989.

Formations
, the fleet consists of ten eight-car trains, formed as follows with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.

 The TD car is a bilevel car.
 The MC1 and M1 cars each have two scissors-type pantographs.

Interior

History
The 8000 series trains were introduced between 1989 and 1990, initially operating as seven-car sets. They were lengthened to eight cars per set with the addition of a type 8800 bi-level car from fiscal 1997. Use of the bi-level car does not incur a standalone surcharge.

Between 2008 and 2010, the fleet was repainted into a new livery.

Refurbishment
Between March 2010 and November 2012, the fleet gradually underwent refurbishment, which also included interior changes.

Since 2018, the fleet has been receiving LED destination displays and updated interior lighting.

Premium Car introduction 

In 2017, car 6 of each set was modified to become a "Premium Car" with 2+1 abreast reclining seating ahead of the introduction of reserved-seating limited express services on 20 August 2017, which incurs a surcharge. Modifications include the elimination of one doorway on each side. Seating accommodation is provided for 40 passengers with a seat width of  (compared with  for seating in other cars) and seat pitch of  (compared with  for seating in other cars). AC power outlets are provided for each seat. To accommodate the cars' modifications, the fleet was provisionally operated as seven-car sets from September 2016.

References

External links

  

Electric multiple units of Japan
8000 series
Train-related introductions in 1989
Kawasaki multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Revetment (aircraft). A revetment, in military aviation, is a parking area for one or more aircraft that is surrounded by blast walls on three sides. These walls are as much about protecting neighbouring aircraft as it is to protect the aircraft within the revetment; if a combat aircraft loaded with fuel and munitions was to ignite, a chain reaction might lead to the destruction of its neighbours. The blast walls around a revetment are designed to channel any blast and damage upwards and outwards, away from neighbouring aircraft.

Blast pen

A blast pen was a specially constructed E-shaped double bay at  British Royal Air Force (RAF) Second World War fighter stations, being either  or  wide and  front-to-back, accommodating aircraft for safe-keeping against bomb blasts and shrapnel during air-attacks.

Although the pens were open to the sky, the projecting sidewalls preserved the aircraft from all lateral damage, with  thick, -high concrete centres and banked-up earth on either side, forming a roughly triangular section  wide at their base. The longer spine section behind the parking areas usually encloses a narrow corridor for aircrew and servicing personnel to employ as an air raid shelter.

Examples may seen at the present Kenley Aerodrome and at North Weald Airfield, although some pens have had their second bay removed, becoming U-shaped rather than E-shaped. There are also a large number at the former RAF Catterick, and some at RAF Wittering. The Imperial War Museum Duxford has one that is open to the public. While common on Fighter Command airfields, other RAF Stations such as RAF Benson and RAF Brize Norton did not have blast pens.

Gallery

See also

 Revetment (a sloped wall)
 Hardened aircraft shelter

Bibliography 
 

Military airbases
Fortifications by type
Peter Lynch (mining engineer). Peter Lynch (14 February 1964 – 26 January 2017) was an Australian mining engineer.

Life and career
Lynch was born in Caringbah, New South Wales, the second child of Dr Gilbert Lynch a general surgeon in the St George region of Sydney, and wife Judy. He attended local Catholic schools, then studied mining engineering at the University of New South Wales, graduating in 1988. After moving to Queensland to work on coal projects,he met his wife Laura, a geologist from Sydney. The couple had three children - Alicia, Sebastian, and George.

In 1995, he was appointed Mine Manager of Mount Isa Mines' (MIM) Oaky North Underground Mine, a poorly-performing mine, which he turned into a profitable venture within three years. MIM then appointed him general manager of Lead Zinc Development and by 2002 he was the managing director of Australian Premium Coals Pty Ltd. (APC).

Lynch left MIM to work with Gallipoli Mining (a subsidiary of JX Holdings), then was involved in the set-up of Galilee Basin coal giant Waratah Coal in 2006. He was President and CEO for several years, but, citing family reasons, left in 2010, shortly after the buyout of the company by Clive Palmer.

In 2009, Lynch set up a mining exploration company, Cokal Ltd. , the company has four exploratory projects in Kalimantan, Indonesia and has signed a joint agreement with Tanzoz Resources to develop metallurgical coal exploration in Tanzania.

He also held an interest in several property developments including Evans Head AirPark, a residential air park development for people who own private planes.

By 2016, Lynch was living in between mining operations he was supervising in Indonesia, and his new home base in Perth.

Death
He died together with his new girlfriend, Endah Cakrawati, on 26 January 2017 when his private plane, a Grumman G-73 Mallard, crashed into the Swan River during Australia Day celebrations in Perth. His daughter was living with him at the time, but she did not join him for the flight. The City of Perth Skyworks fireworks display was subsequently cancelled.

References

External links
 Cokal Ltd.: Board of Directors

1964 births
2017 deaths
Accidental deaths in Western Australia
Australian mining engineers
Australian mining businesspeople
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in Australia
University of New South Wales alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2017
People from New South Wales
SNCASE SE-2300. The Sud-Est SE-2300 or S.N.C.A.S.E. SE-2300 was a two/three seat low wing, single engine touring aircraft, built just after World War II in France. The SE-2310 was a tricycle undercarriage variant. Neither type went into production.

Design and development
Pierre Satre, who later was chief designer of the Concorde, began the SE-2300 design during World War II and it first flew on 26 October 1945.  It was a conventionally laid out, all metal, two seat, single engine cantilever monoplane, with tapered low wings having 4° of dihedral built around inverted U-section main and auxiliary spars.  The wings had a centre section integral with the fuselage and two outer panels, all covered with electrically welded skin. There were plain flaps, with a maximum deflection of 40°.

The fuselage of the SE-2300 was constructed from four pre-formed panels welded together. A 140 hp (104 kW) Renault Bengali 4 four cylinder, inverted, air-cooled inline engine, fed from a fuselage tank, drove a two blade propeller.  The over-wing cabin seated two side-by-side with dual controls.  Behind these seats was space for a third (optional in the SE-2300 and standard in the SE-2310 variant) and baggage.  There were access doors and rear view transparencies on both sides. At the rear, the tailplane was mounted at mid-fuselage and the fin and deep rudder were straight tapered except near the keel and almost triangular above the fuselage.

The first and only SE-2300 had a fixed conventional undercarriage with oleo-pneumatic springing, faired main legs and wheels and a swivelling tailwheel.  The two SE-2310s had tricycle undercarriages, the first unfaired but the second with faired legs and spats.

Operational history
With a four-seat version, the SE-2311 under development but unbuilt, the three seat SE-3010 was entered into a 1946 French Transport Ministry contest for a four-seat tourist aircraft in February 1946.  It was not successful, the award going to the Nord 1200 Norécrin and development of the SE-2300 series was abandoned. The last example remained in use until at least 1956 as a company hack.

Variants
SE-2300 Original version, two or three seats, conventional undercarriage.
SE-2310 Three seats, tricycle undercarriage. Two built, the second with faired undercarriage legs and wheels.
SE-2311 Three seat,  Regnier 4L-00 engine.

Specifications (SE-2300)

References

1940s French sport aircraft
SE-2300
Single-engined piston aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Raven 2XS. The Raven 2XS () is a Canadian aerobatic amateur-built biplane, designed and produced by Raven Aircraft of Surrey, British Columbia. The aircraft is supplied as a kit or as plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The 2XS features a strut-braced biplane layout, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The cockpit is  wide

The aircraft is made from mixed construction, using welded steel tubing, aluminum and wood, with its flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of . The aircraft's recommended engine power range is  and standard engines used include the  Lycoming IO-540 four-stroke powerplant. The 2XS has a roll rate of 330 degrees/second. Construction time from the supplied kit is estimated as 2000 hours.

Operational history
By November 2012 one example had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, but none in its home country with Transport Canada.

Specifications (2XS)

References

External links

Photo of a Raven 2XS

Homebuilt aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mary Lou Soffa. Mary Lou Ehnot Soffa is an American computer scientist noted for her research on compilers, program optimization, system software and system engineering.

She is also noted for her leadership in broadening participation in computing. She is on the CRA-W Board and was co-chair from 2000 to 2003. With Jan Cuny, she founded the CRA-W Graduate Cohort Program and the CRA-W Associate Professor Program.

Biography

Soffa received a B.S. in Mathematics from University of Pittsburgh with honors magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. She received an M.S. in Mathematics from Ohio State University and a Ph.D in Computer Science from the University of Pittsburgh.

She then joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of Pittsburgh as an assistant professor in 1977. In 1983 she was promoted to associate professor and in 1990 to professor. She served as Dean of Graduate Studies of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1990 to 1995. In 2004 she was named chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Virginia, and the Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Sciences. She has directed 32 graduate students to completion, half of whom are women and two are minorities.   She serves on ACM Council as member-at-large and on the ACM Publications Board.

Awards
In 2012 she received the ACM-IEEE-CS Ken Kennedy Award at SC12, the international conference on high-performance computing.

Her other notable awards include:

ACM SIGSOFT Influential Educator Award in 2014
 ACM SIGPLAN Distinguished Service Award (2003)
 ACM Fellow (1999)
 IEEE Fellow (2013) 
 Anita Borg Technical Leadership Award in 2011
 ACM SIGSOFT 2010 Distinguished Service Award, 2010
 Nico Habermann Award, presented by Computing Research Association, June 2006
 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring in 2011

References

External links
 University of Virginia: Mary Lou Soffa, Department of Computer Science

American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
University of Virginia faculty
1999 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women academics
University of Pittsburgh faculty
MKEK-6. The MKEK-6 was a two-seat training glider designed and built in Turkey by Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation (Makina Kimya endustrisi Kurumu) (MKEK), during the early 1950s.

Design and development
The MKEK-6 was a high-wing, two-seat, training glider with a wooden monocoque, circular cross-section fuselage. The wooden-construction wing was a single-spar structure with constant taper in chord and thickness. The tail unit was conventional and the undercarriage consisted of a skid under the fuselage nose, a main-wheel aft of the skid and a tail-skid at the extreme aft end of the fuselage. The enclosed cockpit sat two occupants in side-by-side configuration, with dual controls.

Specifications (MKEK-6)

References

Glider aircraft
Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation aircraft