omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ernst August (ship). Ernst August was a wooden paddle steamer and corvette in the navy of the German Confederation, named after Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover.

Specifications 
She had a 580 tonne displacement and was 49.21 m long along the waterline and 55.47 m long in total. At her widest point she was 9.72 m and across her wheel arches she was 17.1 m wide. Her maximum draught was 3.96 m and her propulsion were two paddle wheels driven by two horizontal single-cylinder reciprocating steam engines manufactured by Miller Ravenhill, a London firm. The engine produced about 950 PSi and gave her a speed of 9 knots. Each wheel had twelve blades and a diameter of 5.79 m. The engines supplied three boilers generating around 1 atm steam pressure, housed with the engines themselves in a 16.15 m long engine room. She carried 200 tonnes of coal to power the engines, but was also rigged as a two-masted schooner. Her armament was six 68-pounder guns and her crew was five officers and 145 NCOs and men. Großherzog von Oldenburg and Frankfurt were built to the same design.

History 
She was built by the shipbuilder William Patterson in Bristol for the German Confederation. She was launched as Cora in 1848 - the exact date is unknown. She cost 150,000 taler. Under a British flag she sailed to Bremerhaven, where she was transferred to the German Confederation and renamed Ernst Augustus, entering service in October 1848. According to Lüder Arenhold, she was "a very nice model" ("ein sehr hübsches Modell") and according to several contemporary sources the most beautiful ship in the German fleet. She is said to have reached 11 knots during her proving trials.

On 12 December 1852 she was auctioned at Brake, Lower Saxony and bought by the London-based General Steam Navigation Company, which renamed her Edinburgh and from March 1853 used her for voyages to Europe. In March 1855 she travelled to Varna, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire, where she was lost under unknown circumstances. Varna was then a logistics centre for Turkey, France and Britain whilst they fought the Crimean War and so Edinburgh seems to have been serving as a transport ship.

Bibliography 
 Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945. Band 1: Panzerschiffe, Linienschiffe, Schlachtschiffe, Flugzeugträger, Kreuzer, Kanonenboote. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, München 1982, , S. 108.
 Kludas, Arnold: Die Schiffe der Deutschen Reichsflotte. In: Walther Hubatsch: Die erste deutsche Flotte 1848-1854. Mittler, Herford u. a. 1981, , (Deutsche Marine-Akademie und Deutsches Marine Institut Schriftenreihe 1), S. 51–60.
 Arenhold, Lüder: Die deutsche Reichsflotte 1848-1852. Reimer, Berlin 1906, (Neudruck: Neu herausgegeben von Uwe Greve mit zwei Farbbildern aus Neuruppiner Bilderbögen. DBM-Media-Verlag, Berlin 1995, ).

References 

1848 ships
Ships built in Bristol
Paddle steamers
19th-century corvettes of Germany
History of Varna, Bulgaria
Arthur Baird. Wilfred Arthur Baird (1889–1954), also known as Wilfred Arthur Beard, was the first chief engineer of the Australian airline Qantas. He established Qantas's reputation for excellence in engineering.

Early life 
Wilfred Arthur Beard was born in Benalla, Victoria, Australia in 1889, one of 15 children. In 1909 graduated from the Working Man's College (now Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) with the highest marks in Mechanical Engineering. He then undertook a 5-year apprenticeship with Anderson and Son, an engineering firm in Richmond, Victoria. From February 1916 to June 1919 in World War I, he served in the Australian Flying Corps and, on loan, in the Royal Flying Corps, mostly in the Middle East. He developed a reputation for solving difficult technical problems for which he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.

Qantas service 
In January 1921, Paul McGinness and Hudson Fysh took delivery of the first Qantas aircraft in January 1921, they employed Beard who, as chief engineer, built a team of expert aircraft mechanics at Longreach, Queensland. Around this time he reverted to the traditional Scottish spelling of his surname Baird. In the early years of Qantas they constructed their own aircraft and Baird supervised the construction of seven DH-50 airliners and a DH-9. As Qantas grew, Baird became responsible for their engineering work at Archerfield Airport in Brisbane and the seaplanes at Rose Bay in Sydney.

Baird assisted the Rev. John Flynn establish the Royal Flying Doctor Service in Queensland by modifying its first aircraft to be used as an air ambulance and to operate effectively in remote inland conditions.

During World War II, when Japan invaded Singapore, Baird modifying Qantas's Catalina seaplanes to fly non-stop from Perth, Western Australia to Colombo, Ceylon (a flight of 3,500 miles over open ocean).

Later life 
Baird retired in June 1949, but continued as an adviser at Rose Bay. On 7 May 1954, he died suddenly at his home in Vaucluse, Sydney.

Legacy 
A plaque on the Mitchell Highway in Charleville, Queensland commemorates the first regular Qantas air service from Charleville to Cloncurry on 2 November 1922. The crew of three were Hudson Fysh, Paul McGinness and Arthur Baird.

References

External links 

20th-century Australian engineers
Qantas people
1889 births
1954 deaths
People from Benalla
Green Mill Ford Bridge. The Green Mill Ford Bridge was a historic structure located northeast of Janesville, Iowa, United States. It spanned the Cedar River for . This Bowstring through arch-truss bridge was originally erected in Waverly, Iowa after the Bremer County Board of Supervisors found the previous timber structure bridge was worn out. It was designed and erected by the King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Co. of Cleveland. John R. Price and Brothers built the substructure. The total cost for constructing the bridge was $16,000. It remained in service at this location until 1898 when it was replaced by a girder bridge. The bow string trusses were dismantled three years later. One of the spans was erected over the Cedar River in Franklin Township, while the remaining two spans were erected here in Jefferson Township. The Green Mill Ford Bridge was closed to traffic in 1988. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1998.

The bridge was carried downstream by the Cedar River on March 16, 2019, in a flood with heavy ice flow. It was removed from the NRHP in September of the same year.

References

Bridges completed in 1902
National Register of Historic Places in Bremer County, Iowa
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Bowstring truss bridges in the United States
1902 establishments in Iowa
Former National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Transportation in Bremer County, Iowa
2019 disestablishments in Iowa
Cedar River (Iowa River tributary)
Government Polytechnic Bhaga. Government Polytechnic Bhaga, campus in BIT, is a college of mining engineering, computer engineering and food technology in Motinagar, Jharkhand. Established in 1905, Government Polytechnic Bhaga is considered the oldest college of mining engineering in Asia.  The studies of mining started earlier in 1887, before formal establishment.

See also
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Jharkhand

References

External links

Schools of mines in India
Government universities and colleges in India
Universities and colleges in Jharkhand
Education in Dhanbad district
Commutation (telemetry). In telemetry, commutation is a process whereby multiple data streams ("measurands"), possibly with differing data rates, are combined into a single frame-based stream for transmission, before being separated again (decommutated) upon reception; it is a form of time-division multiplexing. Frame synchronization must be achieved before a data stream can be decommutated.

Etymology
Commutation is named by analogy with electric commutators, which engage multiple electrical contacts in sequence as they rotate; similarly, telemetry commutation involves sampling a sequence of data sources in turn, before returning to the first data source. Hardware or software which performs commutation is referred to as a commutator; its opposite at the receiving end is a decommutator. Dedicated hardware generally supports faster commutation and decommutation than software on a general purpose architecture.

Mechanism
A set of data words, together with synchronization and ID or counter words, constitute a minor frame; a set number of minor frames are combined to form a major frame. Measurands occupy fixed positions within each major frame, with these positions defined in a database, allowing them to be extracted. Measurands may be sampled multiple times within each minor frame (supercommutation), or they may only be sampled once in several frames (subcommutation), depending on the required data rate for each measurand.

Commutated frames may also contain asynchronous data, which require further processing to extract.

Decommutators may be equipped to handle multiple frame formats, containing different sets of measurands in different positions, for use in different operating modes; a switch in format may be signaled with a specific measurand. Translators exist to allow support for equipment-specific database formats.

Decommutated measurand values may be stored in a "current value table" or other architecture.

See also
Serialization

References

Further reading
Telemetry Tutorial (PDF), L3 Communications

Data transmission
Telemetry
Germanium-tin. Germanium-tin is an alloy of the elements germanium and tin, both located in group 14 of the periodic table. It is only thermodynamically stable under a small composition range. Despite this limitation, it has useful properties for band gap and strain engineering of silicon-integrated optoelectronic and microelectronic semiconductor devices.

Synthesis
Germanium-tin alloys must be kinetically stabilized in order to prevent decomposition. Therefore, low temperature molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition techniques are typically used for their synthesis.

Microelectronic applications
Germanium-tin alloys have higher carrier mobilities than either silicon or germanium. Therefore, it has been proposed that they can be used as a channel material in high speed metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors. In addition, the alloys' larger lattice constant relative to germanium makes it possible to use them as stressors to enhance the carrier mobility of germanium channel transistors.

Optoelectronic applications
At a Sn content beyond approximately 9%, germanium-tin alloys become direct gap semiconductors having efficient light emission suitable for the fabrication of lasers. Since the constituent elements are chemically compatible with silicon, it is possible to integrate such lasers directly onto silicon microelectronic devices, enabling on-chip optical communication. This is still an active research area, but germanium-tin lasers operating at low temperatures have already been demonstrated. In addition, germanium-tin light emitting diodes operating at room temperature have also been reported.

References

Germanium
Tin alloys
Machine tending. Machine tending refers to the automated operation of industrial machine tools in a manufacturing plant, primarily using robot automation systems. While loading and unloading is the primary function of machine tending systems, often the robot performs other valuable functions within the automation system such as part inspection, blow off, wash, deburring, sorting, packaging and gauging.

Benefits of machine tending systems include:

 increased productivity
 decreased manufacturing labor
 decreased overall costs
 improved quality
 enhanced safety
 operational flexibility
 inventory optimization

Because of the sophistication, functionality, and costs associated with machine tending systems, most manufacturers require a capital approval process prior to investing in these systems where executive management must approve the purchase. Typically, an ROI (return on investment) is calculated to justify the purchase.

Industrial automation
P. Radhakrishnan (scientist). P. Radhakrishan (Nair, Paramaswaran Radhakrishnan) is a veteran space scientist, author and speaker from India. He retired from the Indian Space Research Organisation as the Deputy Director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre. Radhakrishnan was one of the two trainees slated to travel to space in the STS-61-I (Challenger) mission in September 1986 as a Payload Specialist for INSAT-1C, but the flight was cancelled after the Challenger disaster. N.C.Bhat from ISRO Satellite centre was the other Indian space scientist who was trained by NASA for the mission – the plan was to select one of these two for the mission.

Early life 
Born in Thiruvananthapuram in 1943, Radhakrishnan completed his Bachelor of Science in Physics and Mathematics from University College Thiruvananthapuram in 1963. In 1965 he completed his Master of Science in Physics from the same college.

Career 
Radhakrishnan joined the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1966 and was involved in the development of India's early satellites like Aryabhata, Rohini and APPLE, and later the Insat satellites. He was part of the Programme Planning & Evaluation Group at VSSC, and later became the Group Director of the Electronics Division. During the 1984–1986 period – as part of the evaluation to be a Payload Specialist in the STS-61-I (Challenger) mission – he went through extensive tests and training at the Institute of Aviation Medicine, Bangalore and the Johnson Space Center. He retired from the ISRO's LPSC as the center's deputy director for systems reliability & quality assurance.

References

1943 births
Living people
20th-century Indian physicists
Indian Space Research Organisation people
Scientists from Thiruvananthapuram
Waverly Municipal Hydroelectric Powerhouse. Waverly Municipal Hydroelectric Powerhouse is a historic building located in Waverly, Iowa, United States.  Mills were established on both sides of the Cedar River from the earliest years of Waverly, and they created the dam across the river.  The towns first electric plant was privately owned and was established in the 1880s.  The city bought the water rights and the dam in 1890, a new privately operated power plant went into operation in 1896.  In 1908 the power plant was destroyed in an explosion and fire.  Waterloo, Iowa architect John G. Ralston in collaboration with the Fargo Engineering Company of Jackson, Michigan designed the new facility that was completed the following year.  A large wing that housed three diesel electric generating units, and an office addition were completed in 1938.  The red brick facility features Neoclassical details, and is located on the east bank of the Cedar River.   The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.  It was included as a contributing property in the Waverly East Bremer Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2014.

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 1909
Neoclassical architecture in Iowa
Waverly, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Bremer County, Iowa
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Iowa
1909 establishments in Iowa
Cedar River (Iowa River tributary)
Frank Newnam Jr.. Frank Hastings Newnam Jr. (August 28, 1909 – March 4, 1998) was the third partner in the engineering partnership Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam, joining the firm in 1946. He served as national president of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1968, and as president of its local chapter for 50 years. Newnam died on March 4, 1998, at the age of 88.

References

20th-century American people
1998 deaths
1909 births
4moms. 4moms is an American robotics company specializing in baby products. Founded in March 2005 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, it launched its first product Origami, a self-folding stroller. They are better known as the creator of the momaRoo baby rocker which sold over two million units.

History 
In 2004, friends Henry Thorne, a roboticist, and Rob Daley, a businessman, met over lunch to discuss their individual plans for future business ventures. They both knew there were only two ways to make it as an entrepreneur: create a new market or change an existing one. 

After researching industries, specifically elder care and juvenile products, Rob and Henry determined the $8.9 billion juvenile product industry presented the most appealing opportunity.

Officially established in 2005 under the parent company Thorley Industries, 4moms’ namesake comes from its first focus group of mothers.

Products 
In 2022, Over 2 Million 4moms MamaRoo and RockaRoo infant were recalled after an infant's death. The products were later rereleased with an upgraded design.

4moms products, such as strollers and baby swings, are available through various retailers, including specialty boutiques like Labebe Boutique.

 Origami, Self-Folding Stroller
 mamaRoo, Robotic Baby Swing.

References 

Baby products
American companies established in 2005
Manufacturing companies based in Pittsburgh
Manufacturing companies established in 2005
Azar Motor Industrial Co. Azar Motor Industrial Co or AMICO () is an Iranian truck manufacturer established in 1989 and located in Jolfa near Tabriz. This company produces light and heavy diesel vehicles.

AzarMotor Industrial Company, known as AMICO, was founded fully by private sector and as a family business in 1989. Aras Khodro Diesel (AMICO- reg no. 59) is a subsidiary of the AMICO Industrial Group.

Amico spare parts, the first and largest online store of Amico spare parts

References

Truck manufacturers of Iran
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1989
Economy of Iranian Azerbaijan
Dip moulding. In plastics processing, dip molding is a process of shaping of plastics by moulding. The coating of components with PVC has many applications. Plastic dip moulding is a technique where metal parts are coated with a plastic vinyl material. It is used to protect and make the metal parts more resistant to scratches and abrasions.

Applications 
The main applications are the gloves, balloons, bellows...

Materials 
Plastisol is the most used material for dip moulding because it is easy to use and affordable. Other materials are used, such as latex, leneoprene, polyurethanes, silicones and even epoxy.

Operating Mode 
The plastic can be heated or not according to their physical state at room temperature. In the case of a powder, the plastic is fluidized.

The following steps constitute the dip moulding process:
 mould heating;
 heated mould dipped into the plastic material;
 removal of the mould;
 excess drainage;
 drying or curing of the plastics material still attached to the mould if it contained a solvent or was based reagents (monomers, prepolymers) reagents;
 cooling of the plastic still attached to the mould;
 releasing of the part from the mold after its solidification.
The part may need to be submerged several times to give the desired thickness.

Control of the thickness 
To control the thickness of the workpiece, it is important to control the following settings:
 the mould temperature: higher the temperature, higher the thickness of the workpiece.
 the temperature of the material;
 the speed dipping of the mould;
 the duration of the immersion: this time increases the thickness of the workpiece.
 the output speed of the mould: this speed increases the thickness of the workpiece.

Advantages and disadvantages 
Dip moulding presents advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages 
 low investment cost
 low cost of production
 different possible thicknesses without the need to change the mold
 complex parts can be removed easily from the mold thanks to their elasticity

Disadvantages 
 relatively slow process
 control of the thickness is difficult

See also 
 Dip-coating

References

Plastics industry
Anne Nafi Aussi. Ann Nafi Aussi Balbol () is an Assyrian politician from Iraq. She was the former minister of Construction and Housing in the Iraqi government from 2016 to 2018.

Early life
Aussi was born in Baghdad on September 23rd, 1964, and graduated with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering from the University of Baghdad in 1986. She continued her educated during and after the US invasion and received a Master of Science in Civil Engineering/Construction's Jurisdiction, also from the University of Baghdad, as well as a Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering/Civil Engineering/Construction's Jurisdiction.

Career
Aussi was formally elected to the position of Minister in 2016, having sworn in under the Constitution of Iraq and vowing that she was part of no political party. Addressing a press conference, Aussi stated "the ministry is Iraqi and its goal is to serve the country." Aussi's appointment was opposed by Turkmen politicians. After her appointment, she attended a ceremony by the Ministry to commemorate World Habitat Day alongside the United Nations, and confirmed sectors that were most in need of reconstruction after the Islamic State was defeated. 

In 2017, Aussi participated in a conference alongside other government officials to discuss the developments of the country and its infrastructure. The conference was hosted by the Iraq Britain Business Council in Dubai.  

Aussi has designed bridges across Baghdad since the beginning of her career as in engineer in 1988, and has also contributed to parts of multi-story buildings throughout the capital. She has also met with officials from Jordan to rehabilitate a highway connecting the two countries from Umm Qasr Port in Basra to the Port of Aqaba.  During the same year, Aussi also coordinated meetings between Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Iran to increase mutual cooperation and trade between the two countries.   

Aussi unsuccessfully attempted to win re-election for her position as minister in 2018, being supported by the Assyrian Democratic Movement and running under the National Rafidain List.

Personal life
Shortly after her appointment as Minister, Aussi was attacked by unidentified gunmen but was unharmed. The Ministry condemned the attack, and Aussi also made her own response, saying "These cowardly terrorist attempts will not deter it from continuing to give and provide services to citizens and harnessing all possible capabilities in order to provide the appropriate atmosphere for the return of the displaced and the reconstruction of the liberated areas."

In her post-governmental career, Aussi has continued to be involved with developing the infrastructure of Iraq, including speaking out against corruption.

References

1964 births
University of Baghdad alumni
Government ministers of Iraq
Iraqi Christians
21st-century Iraqi women politicians
21st-century Iraqi politicians
Living people
People from Baghdad
Iraqi engineers
Iraqi Assyrian politicians
Barnabé Brisson (engineer). Barnabé Brisson (11 October 1777 – 25 September 1828) was a French engineer and mathematician. He collaborated in the construction of the Canal de Saint-Quentin and other navigable waterways connected to the Escaut River. He also authored a number of academic publications on the canal systems.

Notes
MacTutor History of Mathematics archive: Biography of Barnabé Brisson

Engineers from Lyon
19th-century French engineers
19th-century French mathematicians
Corps des ponts
École Polytechnique alumni
1777 births
1828 deaths