omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Agra Cantonment railway station. Agra Cantt (station code: AGC) is the main railway station in the Indian city of Agra. It is located near the Sadar Bazaar towards the southwest of the city. It lies on the main Delhi–Chennai and one of the Delhi–Mumbai lines.

History
The -wide metre-gauge Delhi–Bandikui and Bandikui–Agra lines of Rajputana State Railway were opened in 1874. The Agra–Jaipur line was converted to  broad gauge in 2005.

The broad-gauge Agra–Delhi chord was opened in 1904.

Electrification
The Faridabad–Mathura–Agra section was electrified in 1982–85, Tundla–Yamuna Bridge in 1988–89 and Yamuna Bridge–Agra in 1990–91.

The station
Agra Cantt railway station has 6 platforms:
 Platform 1 = 540 meters
 Platform 2 = 598
 Platform 3 = 573
 Platform 4 = 735
 Platform 5 = 631
 Platform 6 = 320
 Platform 7 = Proposed on 24 Jan 2018

The fastest train in India, Gatimaan Express, originates and terminates here. It was extended to Jhansi in April 2018.

Passenger movement
Agra Cantonment is among the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.

1,34,26,890 Passengers Arrive at Agra Cantt per/year on an average.

Amenities
Agra Cantt. railway station has tourist information counter, computerized reservation counters (Indrail Passes were available), waiting room, retiring room, vegetarian and non-vegetarian refreshment rooms, water coolers, water vending machines and book stall.

Taxis, auto-rickshaws, tempos and cycle-rickshaws are available for local movement. Idgah Bus Stand is nearby. Distance from Agra Cantt. railway station: Taj Mahal 5.7 km, Agra Fort 5.2 km, Sikandra 9.7 km, Fatehpur Sikri 38 km, Agra airport 3.6 km.

Gallery

References

External links 
 

Railway stations in India opened in 1904
Railway stations in Agra
Agra railway division
TAG 7. The TAG 7 is a superheated steam locomotive, that was developed and built in 1936 by Krauss-Maffei as EAG 7 for the private Schaftlach-Gmund-Tegernsee Railway Company (Eisenbahn-Aktiengesellschaft Schaftlach-Gmund-Tegernsee or EAG) - later the Tegernsee Railway AG (TAG). Today it belongs to the Bavarian Localbahn Union.

This tank locomotive with its 1'D1' axle arrangement, together with its two sister engines LAG Nos. 87 and 88, is the last and most powerful branch line (Lokalbahn) locomotive to be built in Bavaria. Its power of 470 PSi enabled a top speed of 70 km/h in both directions. The EAG needed the new engines to relieve its two smaller locomotives, nos. EAG 5 and 6 (Bavarian GtL 4/4s) and to gradually take the aging and rickety EAG 3 and 4 out of service. TAG 7 proved itself so well, that a year later two more engines were built by the Lokalbahn AG (the aforementioned LAG Nos. 87 and 88).

TAG 7 served until 1975 as the reserve loco for the Tegernsee Railway (TAG), but at the same time, during the 1970s, was already being used for museum runs, organised by a working group of the German Railway History Company or DGEG. Because there was a threat that the engine would have to stop operating and be scrapped due to its licence running out, the Bavarian Localbahn Union was founded in order to raise the money for the required general inspection. The engine - de jure still the property of the TAG - remained stabled during the 1990s at Tegernsee, whilst the Localbahn Union paid for all further inspections and maintenance. In 1999, after the transfer of operations on the Tegernsee Railway to the Bavarian Highland Railway (Bayerische Oberlandbahn), the TAG finally sold the engine to the Union. At the same time the locomotive shed in Tegernsee had to be cleared. TAG 7 has been stationed in Landshut shed since and is once again in service. Since May 2005 TAG 7 has had PZB 90 train running control system. The locomotive is currently out of order due to a boiler damage, the owner BLV plans to build a new boiler.

See also 
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

External links 
Brief information about the TAG 7 by the TAG's successor company

2-8-2T locomotives
Locomotives of Bavaria
Railway locomotives introduced in 1936
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Potassium aluminium fluoride. Potassium aluminium fluoride (PAF, chemical formula KAlF4) is an inorganic compound.

This compound is used as flux in the smelting of secondary aluminium, to reduce or remove the magnesium content of the melt. The main environmental issue that arises from using PAF is the production of fluoride gases. Calcium hydroxide is widely used to suppress the fluorides produced but in most cases fails to remove it sufficiently.

PAF is also present in a wide range of products for the metals industry as a fluxing agent within additives to help its dispersion within a charge.

It is also used as an insecticide.

A single natural occurrence has been reported at a burning coal bank at Forestville, Pennsylvania, as an unnamed mineral.

References

Fluorides
Metal halides
Potassium compounds
Aluminium compounds
Alkali metal fluorides
Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket. The Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket (GATR) is a weapons system under development by Orbital ATK and Elbit Systems. It is intended to provide a low-cost guided missile compatible with existing unguided 70mm rocket launch platforms such as the Hydra 70. The penetrating version of the GATR is equipped with a steel-cased M282 warhead and a programmable fuze. It can be set from the cockpit to detonate on impact or after a delay and is capable of penetrating a triple-brick wall and light-vehicle armor.

History
In April 2013, ATK was awarded a $3.2 million contract from the U.S. Special Operations Command to provide GATR precision guided missiles for evaluation.

Specifications
 Diameter: 70mm
 Guidance: Semi-active laser homing

See also
 Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System
 Direct Attack Guided Rocket
 FZ275 LGR
 Low-Cost Guided Imaging Rocket
 Roketsan Cirit

References

External links
 Elbit Systems Guided Advanced Tactical Rocket (GATR) webpage

Air-to-surface missiles of the United States
Alliant Techsystems
SCALPEL. SCALPEL (Small Contained-Area Laser Precision Energetic Load) is a laser-guided bomb produced by Lockheed Martin.  The weapon is being developed from the Enhanced Laser Guided Training Round (E-LGTR) which is the training version of the Paveway II series of bombs.  The rationale behind the system is to provide a light, low-collateral damage weapon which can utilise the infrastructure and platform integration already in place for the E-LGTR system. On 14 March 2010, the US Navy announced its intention to purchase Scalpel. The Navy completed some integration work in 2011 and the weapon was still self-funded as of 2016, but Scalpel could be ready for operations in "a year or two" depending if a launch customer commits extra funding and test range support. The Scalpel Plus version has a dual-mode SAL/GPS guidance system.

Specifications
 Weight: 100 lbs (45.3 kg)
 Length: 75 in (1905 mm)
 Diameter: 4 in (102 mm)
 Guidance: Semi-active laser homing.

Program status
 May 2008 – Three inert weapons successfully carried and released by AV-8B Harriers.

See also
List of laser articles

References

External links
 SCALPEL | Lockheed Martin
 Another Hundred Pound Wonder Weapon – Strategy Page

Guided bombs of the United States
Lockheed Corporation
Low Cost Miniature Cruise Missile. The Low Cost Miniature Cruise Missile (LCMCM) is a Lockheed Martin program to develop a small, affordable cruise missile which will fit inside the internal weapons bay of the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II.

Specifications
 Length: ~144 in.
 Weight: ~1000 lbs
 Range: 750–1000 miles

See also
 SMACM

References

Cruise missiles of the United States

ar:صاروخ كروز المصغر قليل التكلفة
de:Low Cost Autonomous Attack System
sl:LOCAAS
Abbe error. Abbe error, named after Ernst Abbe, also called sine error, describes the magnification of angular error over distance. For example, when one measures a point that is 1 meter away at 90 degrees, an angular error of 1 degree corresponds to a positional error of over 1.745 cm, equivalent to a distance-measurement error of 1.745%.

In machine design, some components are particularly sensitive to angular errors. For example, slight deviations from parallelism of the spindle axis of a lathe to the tool motion along the bed of the machine can lead to relatively large (undesired) taper along the part (i.e. a non-cylindrical part). Vernier calipers are not free from Abbe error, while screw gauges are free from Abbe error. Abbe error is the product of the Abbe offset and the sine of angular error in the system.

Abbe error can be detrimental to dead reckoning.

Formula: 
 

 is the error.

 is the distance, sometimes called the Abbe offset.

 is the angle.

References

Error
Trigonometry

de:Kippfehler
Change detection (GIS). In geographic information system (GIS), change detection is a process that measures how the attributes of a particular area have changed between two or more time periods. Change detection often involves comparing aerial photographs or satellite imagery of the area taken at different times. Change detection has been widely used to assess shifting cultivation, deforestation, urban growth, impact of natural disasters like tsunamis, earthquakes, and use/land cover changes etc.

See also
3D structure change detection
Spatial analysis

References

Geographic information systems
Change detection
Land information system. A Land Information System (LIS) is a geographic information system for cadastral and land-use mapping, typically used by local governments.

A LIS consists of an accurate, current and reliable land record cadastre and its associated attribute and spatial data that represent the legal boundaries of land tenure and provides a vital base layer capable of integration into other geographic systems or as a standalone solution that allows data stewards to retrieve, create, update, store, view, analyze and publish land information.

Importance 
 Land parcel is the basic unit for access and control of land, land use decisions. 
 Current, reliable land information necessary for many public programs: land planning, infrastructure development and maintenance, environmental protection and resource management, emergency services, social service programs and so forth. 
 LIS provides a base for land markets, development, and other economic activity. 
 LIS helps in updating of the maps.
Improves data accuracy and eliminates redundant data entry
Streamlines and simplifies the land and lease management process

References

Applications of geographic information systems
Geographic information systems
Surveying
126 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force. The 126 Squadron "Cougar" is a helicopter squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force. Its motto is "Ready and Able", with the Cougar adopted as the squadron's motif.

Unit history
Formed initially on 16 September 1992 at Sembawang Air Base, the 126 Squadron consisted of fourteen newly purchased Aérospatiale AS532UL Cougar medium lift helicopters, which were an upgraded version of the Super Puma helicopters then used by its sister squadron – 125 SQN. The squadron is  based at Oakey Airbase, supporting the SAF's training need in Australia.

After the CH-47F attained full operational capability for the RSAF, the squadron transitioned to a mix of CH-47SDs and CH-47Fs.

Aircraft operated
14× AS532UL Cougars (1996–2023)
??x CH-47SD Chinooks (2023–present)
??x CH-47F Chinooks (2023–present)

Photo gallery

References

External links
RSAF web page on 126 Sqn & Sembawang Air Base(SBAB)

Squadrons of the Republic of Singapore Air Force
Mandai
C4mim. C4mim is a shorthand for the 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation; where C4 refers to the butyl group. It is also abbreviated Bmim, and (rarely) Bumim. Salts containing this imidazole cation are ionic liquids. A common example of such is [C4mim][Cl], or 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Other examples include BMIM-PF6, [Bmim]BF4, and C4mim-FeCl4, the latter of which is a magnetic ionic liquid.

These salts are currently of interest in industry due to their ability to be infinitely recycled and their amenability to solvation at room temperature, making them excellent green solvents. C4mim is based on the parent compound 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole with one electron removed from the imidazole arene group. The stability of this cation lies in the fact that the resulting electronic vacancy is delocalized across the arene group, albeit unequally so.

See also 
Ethylammonium nitrate

References

External links 
 Press release from the EPA describing the use of C4mim

Ionic liquids
Solvents
Imidazolium compounds
Symposium on Applied Computing. The ACM Symposium on Applied Computing is an annual conference sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing.

The first Symposium on Applied Computing was held in 1985.  Since the 1990s, the acceptance ratio for paper submissions has dropped from 54 to 67% to below 30% in the 2008 SAC held in Fortaleza, Brazil.  The 2009 conference was held in Honolulu, Hawaii.

See also 
 List of computer science conferences

References

External links 
 Main web page of the Symposium on Applied Computing, with links to the yearly conferences

Computer science conferences
Grace Bio-Labs. Grace Bio-Labs is a global supplier of pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biochemical research products based in Bend, Oregon, United States.  They develop the thin-cast nitrocellulose biochip  (aka: nitrocellulose slide, nitrocellulose film slide) and the modern hybridization and incubation chambers for glass microscope slides.

History 
Originally based near Detroit, Michigan, and founded by Charles McGrath in 1986, Grace Bio Labs relocated to Bend, Oregon in May, 1990.

With the aid of SBIR funding, Grace Bio-Labs was built on two main product types.  The first is the incubation chamber for cell culture and analysis; the second is the ONCYTE Nitrocellulose Film Slide. Their incubation and hybridization chambers are fluid delivery and containment products that increase sensitivity and efficiency in fluorescence and color-based protein and cell analyte assays.

The ONCYTE Nitrocellulose microporous film (nitrocellulose slide) is a biochip platform that captures and protects the 3-dimensional (tertiary) structure of biological material.  Originally designed for tissue printing and cell lysate capture, the film has flourished in proteomics.  It is commonly used in automated and manual protein microarrays, and continues to increase throughput in proteomics research.

Customer Base 
Grace Bio-Labs sells to university research laboratories, biotech companies, private researchers and pharmaceutical companies.  They mainly distribute to North America, Western and Central Europe, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

See also
 List of companies based in Oregon

References

External links
 

Companies based in Bend, Oregon
Companies established in 1986
1986 establishments in Oregon
Research support companies
Street network. A street network is a system of interconnecting lines and points (called edges and nodes in network science) that represent a system of streets or roads for a given area. A street network provides the foundation for network analysis; for example, finding the best route or creating service areas.

They greatly affect in-town movement and traffic. Street networks can become very complex in cities. Street networks are very often localized, because there is little non-highway transportation from town to town. The U.S. Highway System is like a street network, but it is national, and consists of highways instead of streets and roads.

See also
 Braess's paradox
 Transport network
 Highway dimension
 International E-road network
 Inca road system
 Traffic analysis
 Traffic flow
 Permeability
 Grid plan
 List of cities that are inaccessible by road

References

Network
Road infrastructure
City layout models
Dornier Aerodyne. The Dornier Aerodyne (also referred to as "Lippisch-Dornier Aerodyne") was a wingless VTOL unmanned aircraft. Conceived by Alexander Lippisch, it was developed and built by Dornier on behalf of the Federal German Ministry of Defence (BMVg). Lippisch was part of the team. The first flight took place on 18 September 1972. The development ended on 30 November 1972 after successful hovering-flight testing with the aircraft. Experimentation did not continue due to lack of interest by the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces).

Description
The principle behind the Aerodyne is the combination of lift and thrust production in a single construction unit and flow channel, i.e. a ducted fan. Flaps at the end of the fan divert the outflowing air to produce lift, thrust, or a combination of both. As a result, the Aerodyne could be steered and flown in the entire range between hovering and full-forward flight.

For forward flight, the Aerodyne had a conventional tail unit at the rear, which allowed for pitch and yaw control. The equipment was unmanned and operated by remote control.

It was intended to be a land- or ship-supported drone (UAV) for aerial reconnaissance.

Specifications
Length: 
Width: 
Fan Diameter: 
Engine: 1 MTU 6022 A-3, 
Total Weight:

References

Bibliography
"Eine Dokumentation zur Geschichte des Hauses Dornier", Ed. Dornier GmbH, 1983, bound, 214 pp.
Patents US2918230; US2918233.

1970s German experimental aircraft
Tailsitter aircraft
Aerodyne
Aircraft first flown in 1972
Ducted fan-powered aircraft
Aircraft with skid landing gear
Improvised nuclear device. Improvised nuclear devices or (INDs) are theoretical illicit nuclear weapons bought, stolen, or otherwise originating from a nuclear state, or a weapon fabricated by a terrorist group from illegally obtained fissile nuclear weapons material that produces a nuclear explosion. An IND could be bought, or it could be built from the components of a stolen weapon or from scratch using nuclear material (plutonium or highly enriched uranium).  A successful detonation would result in catastrophic loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and nuclear contamination of a very large area.

Types 
One type of an improvised nuclear device [IND] attack could be conducted by terrorists with radiological materials using a radiological dispersal device (RDD), or so-called “dirty bomb.” An RDD causes no nuclear explosion but instead uses chemical explosive to spread harmful radioactivity. It could cause severe economic disruption and panic in an urban area, without causing large numbers of fatalities. Due to their common use in industry, agriculture, and medicine, these materials would be easier for terrorists to obtain.

Design considerations 

The INDs when built from scratch would most likely be of gun-type which is fairly easy to design and manufacture (however, requiring highly enriched uranium).

Improvised nuclear devices are likely to cause more nuclear fallout because of incomplete fission - due to overengineering the pit (making it heavier to ensure fission occurs at least in part of it); using the gun-type design; or as a result of a fizzle (yield lower than planned due to engineering/manufacturing errors) — and are likely to be exploded at ground level rather than at an altitude, which causes ground materials to be irradiated and drawn up into the mushroom cloud.

See also
 Dirty bomb
 Nuclear weapon

References

Nuclear weapons
Improvised explosive devices
Cadmoindite. Cadmoindite (CdIn2S4) is a rare cadmium indium sulfide mineral discovered in Siberia around the vent of a high-temperature (450–600 °C) fumarole at the Kudriavy volcano, Iturup Island in the Kuril Islands. It has also been reported from the Kateřina Coal Mine in Bohemia, Czech Republic.

Crystal structure
CdIn2S4 exhibits the spinel structure, which can be described by a cubic unit cell with 8 tetrahedrally coordinated and 16 tetrahedrally coordinated cation sites. The distribution of Cd(II) and In(III) over the cation sites is difficult to elucidate from standard X-ray diffraction techniques because the two species are isoelectronic, but both Raman spectroscopy measurements on synthetic samples and density functional theory simulations  indicate that about 20% of the tetrahedral sites are occupied by In(III) cations.

References

Cadmium minerals
Indium minerals
Thiospinel group
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 227
Minerals described in 2004
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21. Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21 was a scheduled domestic flight from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, via Prince George, Fort St. John, Fort Nelson and Watson Lake on July 8, 1965. The Douglas DC-6B plane crashed near 100 Mile House, British Columbia, taking the lives of all 52 aboard. An inquest determined that the explosion was the result of a bomb, but the crime remains unsolved.

Incident 
While en route from Vancouver to Prince George the DC-6 Empress of City of Buenos Aires, piloted by captain John Alfred Steele (41), first officer Warner Murray Wells (29), flight engineer Stanley Edward Clarke (26) crashed after passing Ashcroft, British Columbia. About 15:40, three mayday calls were heard by air traffic control in Vancouver. An explosion had occurred in the left aft lavatory. The tail separated from the fuselage. The aircraft spiralled and crashed into a wooded area.  All 46 passengers and 6 crew perished.  The crash site is  west of 100 Mile House. Remnants of the DC-6 remain at the crash site near Dog Creek.

Aftermath 

A coroner's inquest concluded "an explosive substance foreign to the normal contents of the aircraft" caused the crash.  A witness on the ground saw the tail of the aircraft separate from the fuselage and debris trail out behind the aircraft. The debris turned out to be the bodies of passengers forced out by the depressurization of the aircraft.  The fuselage was consumed by fire where it fell, but the tail, found 500 metres away, was not.  Rescue crews reached the crash site while the fire continued to burn but no survivors were found.  Crash investigators found traces of acid that led them to believe a bomb in the lavatory was involved.  Traces of potassium nitrate and carbon, consistent with a "low-velocity explosion" were found. Gunpowder or stumping powder causes a low-velocity explosion.  The explosion damaged bulkheads in the lavatory, severed pipes in the tail and tore a metre-wide hole in the side of the fuselage.  The Royal Canadian Mounted Police investigation focused on four passengers although none was a suspect. No one claimed responsibility and no charges were ever laid. The source of the explosion remains unknown.

2018 investigation 
The crash was re-examined by experts during six episodes of the second season of the CBC true crime podcast Uncover.

See also
Air India Flight 182
List of unsolved murders

References

External links
 Photo of CF-CUQ
  CBC The National-Bomb on Board: uncovering the largest unsolved murder on Canadian soil

1965 in British Columbia
1960s murders in Canada
1965 crimes in Canada
1965 murders in North America
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-6
Airliner accidents and incidents in Canada
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1965
21
Disasters in British Columbia
July 1965 in Canada
20th-century mass murder in Canada
Mass murder in 1965
Unsolved airliner bombings
Unsolved murders in Canada
Unsolved mass murders
Murder in British Columbia
Improvised explosive device bombings in Canada
Airliner bombings
Improvised explosive device bombings in the 1960s