omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. The IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security  is a scientific journal published by the IEEE Signal Processing Society (IEEE SPS). The journal is co-sponsored by several of the subject societies that make up the IEEE: IEEE Communications Society,  IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, and the IEEE Information Theory Society.

Its inaugural issue was published in March 2006. Its current publication frequency is 12 issues per year.

The journal describes its scope as "the sciences, technologies, and applications relating to information forensics, information security, biometrics, surveillance and systems applications that incorporate these features.   

According to the Journal Citation Reports'', it has a 2020 impact factor of 7.178.

External links

References 

Engineering journals
Information Forensics and Security, IEEE Transactions on
Computer science journals
Indenter tectonics. Indenter tectonics, also known as escape tectonics, is a branch of strike-slip tectonics that involves the collision and deformation of two continental plates. It can be observed in many situations around the world, and is associated with high-grade metamorphism and extensive lateral displacement of strata along oblique strike-slip faults

Model 

The concept of indenter tectonics was first introduced by Molnar and Tapponnier in 1975, with reference to the Himalayan orogeny. Various experiments have illustrated the process by which deformation occurs.

A continent-continent collision can be visualized as a 'die-and-metal' model, with a rigid die (the 'indenter') moving into a softer, rigid-plastic metal (the 'host'). In a tectonic setting, the terms 'rigid' and 'soft' refer to the strength of the lithosphere. The strong lithosphere of the indenter remains relatively undeformed and its boundaries are preserved, while the host allows deformation by lateral movement of crust both along the contact with the indenter and within the host. The indenter block is too buoyant to subduct, so crustal accommodation is achieved by either shallow underthrusting and crustal thickening, or formation and later lateral displacement of several microplates. It is possible to have a combination of the two models.

Examples 

Real-world examples differ by the rigidity of the indenter, the size and rheology of both the host and the indenter, and the extent of lateral confinement. The best known active example is the system of strike-slip structures observed in the Eurasian Plate as it responds to collision with the Indian Plate, but similar events can be found all over the Earth.

Asia 

 Indian and Eurasian plates (Himalayan orogeny)
 Palawan microcontinental block and Philippine Mobile Belt

North America 

 Slave craton and Churchill province
 Ouachita Terrane

Europe 

 African Plate and Eurasian Plate (Alpine orogeny)

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 

Tectonics
Anselmo Lastra. Anselmo A. Lastra is an American computer scientist, a professor and the former Chair of the Computer Science Department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research interests are in the areas of 3D computer graphics, graphics hardware architectures, and virtual reality.

Lastra received a BS in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and MA and PhD degrees in computer science from Duke University.  He has chaired a number of conferences, including I3D 2005 and Graphics Hardware 2002 and 2004, and served as associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics and IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

Lastra's major contributions are in hardware-based programmable shading and in the use of graphics hardware for general purpose computing (a technique known as GPGPU).  The 1998 dissertation research  of his student Marc Olano was on the use of a high-level language for real-time programmable shading on graphics hardware, now a common feature of GPUs.  The early work was on PixelFlow, the experimental graphics computer developed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

A 2002 paper coauthored with his student Mark Harris and titled Physically-Based Visual Simulation on Graphics Hardware, led to the coining of the term GPGPU and to extensive research in that field.

References

External links
 Home page at the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
Georgia Tech alumni
Duke University alumni
Bluefin-21. The Bluefin-21 is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by Bluefin Robotics for defence, commercial or scientific use. It found its most famous use in April 2014 in the search for the wreckage of the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.

Design
The Bluefin-21 is torpedo shaped and has interchangeable payload and battery components. This allows for the rapid deployment of the robot in time-bound missions.
It has a modular design that can be adapted to carry a variety of sensors and payloads at one time, making it suitable for diverse deep-sea missions including offshore survey, marine salvage detection, marine archeology survey, oceanography, mine countermeasures, and the detection of unexploded ordnance. It is said to take two hours to descend to the bottom of the ocean and a further two hours to  surface, with the ability to search for sixteen hours.

Bluefin-21 is powered by nine lithium-polymer batteries, each rated at . This allows the robot to reach a top speed of  and an endurance of 25 hours at 3 knots.

Payload and navigation
The typical payload of the Bluefin-21 consists of an EdgeTech 2200-M sonar, EdgeTech DW-216 sub-bottom profiler and Reson 7125 echoer. It can also be fitted with a Prosilica black and white camera. It has an onboard storage with a capacity of four gigabytes using a flash memory and can be fitted with additional storage space. Bluefin-21 uses an inertial navigation system for navigation. In addition it uses an ultrashort baseline system (USBL) for more accuracy.

Notable uses
Artemis, a Bluefin-21 owned by Phoenix International,
 was used aboard ADV Ocean Shield in the search for the wreck of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 by mapping the Zenith Plateau with a side-scan sonar, mapping 90 square kilometres a day. On its fifth mission, Artemis reached a depth of  after failing to find any wreckage in the previous attempts. It is believed to have cost 1 million USD for this mission alone. On 22 April, it was reported that Artemis was on its ninth mission. Artemis was used on 25 missions over 21 operational days, accumulating 370 hours of search time while covering 250 square miles.

Specifications
The specifications of the Bluefin-21 are:
 Length: 
 Diameter: 
 Weight (dry):  (buoyancy weight 
 Maximum speed: 
 Endurance: 25 hours at 3 knots
 Depth rating: 
 Energy capacity: 9 × lithium polymer batteries each rated at 
 Total energy capacity:

See also
 Knifefish (robot), another autonomous underwater vehicle built by Bluefin Robotics

References

External links

 Bluefin Robotics website 

Robotic submarines
Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
Robots of the United States
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute. Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI) is a Kolkata-based National Research Institute under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. Established in 1950, it focuses on the area of glass, ceramics, mica, refractories etc.

References

External links
 

Research institutes in Kolkata
Glass engineering and science
Research institutes in West Bengal
Ceramics
1950 establishments in West Bengal
Research institutes established in 1950
Drag cost. Drag cost is a project management metric developed by Stephen Devaux as part of the Total Project Control (TPC) approach to project schedule and cost analysis. It is the amount by which a project's expected return on investment (ROI) is reduced due to the critical path drag of a specific critical path activity Task (project management) or other specific schedule factor such as a schedule lag or other delaying constraint.

Drag cost is computed at the activity level, but is caused by the impact at the project level due to:

1. A reduction in a project's expected value because of later completion, or 
2. An increase in a project's cost due to its indirect costs being increased because of a longer project duration.

Drag cost computation is often used on projects in order to justify additional project resources. For example, if a project's expected ROI will be reduced by $5,000 for every day of duration, then an activity that has critical path drag of ten days (i.e., is delaying project completion by ten days) will have a drag cost of $50,000. If the addition of a resource that costs $10,000 would reduce the activity's drag to five days, the drag cost would be reduced by $25,000 and the project's expected ROI would be increased by $15,000 ($25,000 minus the additional $10,000 of resource costs).

On projects which are performed for non-monetary reasons, such as public literacy programs or emergency response, drag cost can be measured in units of reduction in citizens educated or lives lost due to the additional time taken by critical path activities.  
Just as drag is only found on the critical path, the same is true of drag cost.

Notes and references

Cost engineering
Business analysis
Sauer S 2500 UL. The Sauer S 2500 UL and Sauer S 2500 ULT are four-stroke aircraft engines for homebuilt aircraft

Design and development
The engines are based on the Volkswagen Wasserboxer engine. They are extensively modified for aircraft use and all the parts are custom made. These engines are derived from the certified engines produced by the same manufacturer and used in several motorgliders and light aircraft.

Variants
Sauer S 2500 UL
Sauer S 2500 ULT

Applications
Homebuilt aircraft

Specifications (variant)

See also
Sauer engines

References

External links

S2500
Sauer S 2700 UL. The Sauer S 2700 UL were a 4 stroke aircraft engine for homebuilt aircraft

Design and development
The engine is based on the Volkswagen Wasserboxer engine. It is extensively modified for aircraft use and all the parts are custom made. These engines are derived from the certified engines produced by the same manufacturer and used in several motorgliders and small aircraft. This particular engine must be one of the largest displacement VW conversions that have been built, but it is unknown if it ever entered production.

Specifications (S 2700 UL)

See also
Sauer engines

References

External links

S2700
Irene Greif. Irene Greif is an American computer scientist and a founder of the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Early life and education
Greif's mother was an accountant, and a native of New York City. Greif has at least one sibling, a sister. She attended Hunter College High School before earning her undergraduate and graduate degrees from MIT. In 1975, Greif became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT; in her dissertation of that year, she published the first operational actor model.

Career
She was a professor of computer science at the University of Washington before returning to MIT as a professor of electrical engineering and computer science (1977–87). In 1984, Greif and Paul Cashman coined the term "Computer Supported Cooperative Work" and the initials, CSCW, at an interdisciplinary workshop in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Preferring research over teaching, she left academia in 1987 to join Lotus, where she directed its Product Design Group, and created the Lotus Research group in 1992. After Lotus was acquired by IBM, she became an IBM Fellow and served as director of collaborative user experience in the company's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Greif retired from IBM in 2013.

Greif is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM); she is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Her awards include Women in Technology International Hall of Fame inductee (2000), Women Entrepreneurs in Science and Technology Leadership Award (2008), and ABIE Award for Technical Leadership from the Anita Borg Institute (2012).

Greif is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards.

Personal life
Greif is married to Albert R. Meyer, the Hitachi America Professor of Computer Science at MIT. Greif, who is Jewish, has a son and daughter, as well as two step-children, and lives in Newton Centre, Massachusetts.

Selected works
 1975, Semantics of communicating parallel processes
 1980, Programs for distributed computing : the calendar application
 1982, Cooperative office work, teleconferencing and calendar management : a collection of papers
 1983, Software for the 'roles' people play
 1988, Computer-supported cooperative work : a book of readings

References

External links

 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Scientists from New York City
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Jewish American scientists
IBM Fellows
Hunter College High School alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
University of Washington faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Human–computer interaction researchers
Living people
1997 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American women academics
21st-century American women educators
21st-century American educators
Women in computing
IBM employees
IBM people
IBM Women
World Cell Race. The World Cell Race is a competition among labs to see which cell type can travel 600 microns the fastest. The idea is to promote research into how to make cells move faster to aid immune system response or slow metastatic cancers. A fork with a dead end was added to the course in 2013 to assess responses to growth-factor protein. The race was broadcast live online.  A Dicty World Race "to "find the fastest and smartest Dicty cells" is scheduled to take place May 16, 2014 in Boston.

References

External links
World Cell Race 2014 website
World Cell Race 2013 website
World Cell Race 2012 website

Cell movement
Chemistry experiments
Cancer research
Geniusmatcher. Geniusmatcher is an Israeli company based in Haifa, founded in 2012 by Frida Issa and Pablo Garcia-Morato Fernandez-Baillo. They created a patented platform combining computer vision and 3D technology to create a hardware-free solution for mapping, positioning, and navigating in any indoor location. Their first product for shopping centers, MALLY (My Mall in Hebrew מולי), has interactive 3D maps that tell the visitors where they are standing and what is around them. It also shows how to get to each spot and who is there to share their experience with. The platform has content and notification support, with 2D to 3D automatic conversion, managed in the cloud and displayable on all mobile devices.

In February 2014, the company joined Wayra,⁣ the Telefonica global accelerator and opened offices in  London and Madrid (managed by Jorge García-Morato - Geniusmatcher's COO).

Technology 
MALLY is a hardware-free and user-oriented map, targeted to help users find their way and to understand their environment. MALLY 3D Maps provide the user with an immersive experience, merging reality with the virtual world. MALLY uses the smartphone or tablet built-in camera to locate the users where GPS does not work or is not accurate enough. The system detects the user's exact position and sets it over the 3D Map.

Content 
The content is published by the platform's customers, initially shopping centers. They can access a CMS where they can both create the 3D maps automatically by scanning 2D plans (PNG, JPEG, PDF) and they can create and assign all the content to be displayed (shops info, offers, events, etc.).

References 

Software companies of Israel
Companies based in Haifa
Xu Dazhe. Xu Dazhe (; born September 1956) is a Chinese politician and aerospace engineer. He was CPC Secretary of Hunan province. Previously, he was the Governor of Hunan.

Biography
Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi province in 1956, he is a native of Liuyang, Hunan province. Xu obtained a bachelor's and a master's degree in engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology. He joined the Communist Party in 1982. Xu began his career in the Ministry of Aerospace Industry in 1984 as a technical designer, then was promoted to lead individual projects. Xu also has experience as the head of a rocket construction team. The ministry was eventually spun off as a state-owned enterprise and governed as a corporation. In 2007, Xu was named chief executive and head of the party group of the China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation, promoted in April 2013 to chairman of the board.

In 2013 he was named vice minister of Industry and Information Technology, chief administrator of the China National Space Administration, and the head of the State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence. In September 2016, he was appointed the acting governor of his home province, Hunan. He was the 18th person since 1949 to serve as Governor of Hunan. Xu followed in the footsteps of prominent colleagues such as Ma Xingrui and Chen Qiufa in making the transition from aerospace to politics.

In November 2020, Xu was appointed as the CPC Secretary of Hunan.

On 23 October 2021, he was appointed vice chairperson of the National People's Congress Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee.

Xu was a member of the 17th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and is a member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

References

China National Space Administration people
Living people
1956 births
Scientists from Hunan
People from Liuyang
Members of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese aerospace engineers
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
Engineers from Hunan
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan
People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan
Politicians from Changsha
Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress
George Longman (MP). George Longman (1776-1822), of 22 Bloomsbury Square, Middlesex, was a politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Maidstone 1806-1812 and 1818–1820. His father, Thomas Longman (1699–1755), was the founder of the publishing company Longman. George Longman was also a major financial supporter of the inventor John Dickinson (1782–1869). Dickinson had developed a continuous mechanised papermaking process, the cylinder mould machine, close on the heels of the first mechanised paper machine of 1803, known to this day as the Fourdrinier. With Longmans backing he set up the company Longman & Dickinson in 1809 and bought in the same year his first paper mill at Apsley (Hertfordshire), which later developed into John Dickinson & Co. Ltd., a longtime international leader in papermaking and stationery.

References

1776 births
1822 deaths
People from Bloomsbury
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1806–1807
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1818–1820
Closed-loop manufacturing. Closed-loop manufacturing (abbreviated CLM) is a closed-loop process of manufacturing and measuring (checking) in the manufacturing machine. The pre-stage to this is inspection in manufacturing. The idea is to reduce costs and improve the quality and accuracy of the produced parts.

General procedure 
Closed-loop manufacturing can be done in different ways dependent on the manufacturing technique and on the accuracy requirements.
 Planning the sequence (iterations)
 Producing nearly the target value on the part
 Measuring the real value
 Calculating the residual (stop if residual is smaller than needed accuracy)
 Manufacturing the residual
 Repeat from Step 3

Suitable manufacturing techniques 
CLM is very suitable for electrical discharge machining. Milling or turning is also suitable for CLM.

Suitable measuring techniques 
In machining measurement techniques have to fulfill special needs. In particular optical techniques have the advantage that they do not touch the part. The following parts are practically used:
 Focus variation
 Tactile probes

Advantages / Disadvantages 
The advantages are:
 Reduce tool costs
 Improving accuracy
 Quality control is done in the machine directly
 Measuring can be more accurate because the part does not need to be unloaded
 Better deployment of personnel
 Integrated sensor eliminates clamping errors

The disadvantages are:
 Planning is needed
 If planning is not done, machine time is increased

External links 
 EU EMRP project on traceable in-process dimensional measurement

Manufacturing
Charles Cadwell. Charles Cadwell, was an American professor at the Case School of Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University), in Cleveland, Ohio.

Cadwell further developed the exothermic welding system previously invented by Hans Goldschmidt in 1895; in 1938-1939 Cadwell developed a non-ferrous exothermic welding process using copper, today widely known as "Cadweld". The original use of the process was to weld signal bonds to railroad tracks, which previously had to be done with "pins" knocked into holes drilled into the web of the rail.
Later developments allows the rails themselves to be welded together.

See also 
 Rail profile

References 

Case Western Reserve University faculty
Rail technologies
Welding
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Hedlund Motor Company Building. The Hedlund Motor Company Building is a historic commercial building located at 206 South Main Street in Elk City, Oklahoma.

Description and history 
The building was constructed in 1918 for the Hedlund Motor Company; founded in 1913, the company was Oklahoma's second-oldest Ford dealership. The Mission Revival building is the only commercial structure in Elk City which uses the style. The building features stucco walls inlaid with clay tiles along the second floor and at the corners and centers of the main facades. Two tiled roof sections project from each facade; the roof sections are lined with brackets on their undersides. Curved parapets run along the roof line of both facades.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1983.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Mission Revival architecture in Oklahoma
Commercial buildings completed in 1918
Buildings and structures in Beckham County, Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Beckham County, Oklahoma