omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Portman 36. The Portman 36 is an American sailboat that was first built in 1978.

Development and production
The silent partner in Auroraglas purchased the rights to the center-cockpit Coronado 35/Columbia 36 design from Columbia Yachts and the tooling was modified to become the aft-cockpit Portman 36. Other modifications included relocating the ports from the hull to a newly designed coach house and designing a new hull-to-deck joint.

The design was built by Auroraglas and later by Watkins Yachts in Clearwater, Florida, United States after the acquisition of Watkins and its merger with Auroraglas. A total of 19 boats were produced, with Auroraglas only building one or two of them, before production moved to Watkins.

The design was developed into the Watkins 36 and the Watkins 36C in 1981

Design
The Portman 36 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a raised transom, a skeg-mounted spade-type/transom-hung rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a diesel engine of  for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds .

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club, the Watkins Owners.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Watkins 36
Watkins 36C

Similar sailboats
Bayfield 36
Beneteau 361
C&C 36-1
C&C 36R
Catalina 36
Crealock 37
CS 36
Ericson 36
Frigate 36
Hinterhoeller F3
Hunter 36
Hunter 36-2
Hunter 36 Legend
Hunter 36 Vision
Invader 36
Islander 36
Nonsuch 36
S2 11.0
Seidelmann 37
Vancouver 36 (Harris)

References

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat types built by Watkins Yachts
Michel Pouchard. Michel Pouchard (born 23 January, 1938 in Avrillé-les-Ponceaux) is a French chemist specialising in the physico-chemistry of inorganic solids.

Biography 
After studying at the David high school in Angers and at the faculties of science at University of Rennes and University of Bordeaux, Michel Pouchard specializes in the physico-chemistry of inorganic solids: oxides of transition metals, electronic properties (magnetism, insulation-to-metal transition) and electrochemistry (materials for energy, membranes, electrodes for SOFC fuel cells in particular), nanocrystalline silicon) and in the science of functional materials.

Trainee then research associate at the CNRS from 1960 to 1967 (director of the materials technology dissemination department at the CNRS from 1975 to 1984), he was a lecturer at the Faculty of Sciences, University of Bordeaux from 1967 to 1970, then professor at the University of Bordeaux I from 1970 to 1992 (professor emeritus from 2004). From 1992 to 2002, he was a professor at the Institut universitaire de France (of which he was a director from 1993 to 1997).

He was elected a member of the French Academy of sciences on 16 November 1992. He is also a member of the Academy of Technologies, the French Society of Chemistry, the Academia europaea (1998) and the Leopoldina Academy (Germany) (2000).

Publications 
Michel Pouchard is the author of nearly 400 articles published in the best journals in solid-state chemistry and materials science and some fifteen patents.

Distinctions

Prices 
Langevin Prize of the French Academy of sciences (1977)

Decorations 
 Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.
 Commandeur of the Ordre national du mérite. He was promoted to officier on May 15, 2017, and then obtained the rank of commandeur by decree on November 18, 2017.
 Commandeur of the Ordre des Palmes académiques.

References

1938 births
People from Indre-et-Loire
20th-century French chemists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Members of Academia Europaea
French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists
University of Bordeaux alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bordeaux
Living people
21st-century French chemists
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
University of Rennes alumni
Inorganic chemists
Solid state chemists
Bernard Raveau. Bernard Raveau, born in 1940, is a French researcher in materials science, professor emeritus at the University of Caen Normandy, member of the French Academy of sciences.

Biography 
He has directed CRISMAT, a joint laboratory of the National Engineering School of Caen (ENSICAEN) of the University of Caen and the CNRS.

He worked on cuprates, with the aim of making them electrodes of capacitors resistant to oxidation due to sintering, without noble metals. Karl Alexander Müller and Johannes Georg Bednorz have shown that some of these compounds are superconductors, beginning the aerea of high temperature superconductors. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987, after having reused a "sandwich" of copper oxide sheets designed by Bernard Raveau and his laboratory in Caen.

Scientific work 
Bernard Raveau is a specialist in the crystallochemistry of transition metal oxides. He has devoted a large part of his research to solid-state chemistry and materials science.

Bernard Raveau discovered new tunnel structures and explained non-stop stoichiometry phenomena.

He then focused on the discovery of original structures with new physical or chemical properties, Bernard Raveau discovered new series of cuprates with a layered structure based on bismuth or thallium, or mercury associated with an alkaline earth cation, which are new superconducting materials at high critical temperature.

Bernard Raveau showed the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect in insulating manganites, in small-sized A cation manganites doped with n, and discovered the CMR effect induced by doping manganese sites with different cations such as cobalt, nickel, chromium, strontium, ruthenium. This work could have developments in information storage processes. Finally, Bernard Raveau has identified cobaltites with a disjointed structure (misfits) whose remarkable thermoelectric properties are well studied for energy conversion at high temperatures.

Distinctions 
He was awarded Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in 2001.

He was awarded the title of Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry on 25 March 2009 for his work in materials science.

Books 
 Bernard Raveau, Claude Michel, Maryvonne Hervieu and Daniel Groult, Crystal Chemistry of High-Tc Superconducting Copper Oxides, Springer Verlag, 1991, 331 p. ()
 Chintamani N.R. Rao and Bernard Raveau, Transition Metal Oxides: Structure, Properties, and Synthesis of Ceramic Oxides, John Wiley & Sons, 1995, 392 p. ()

References

1941 births
20th-century French chemists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Living people
21st-century French chemists
Electrostatic septum. An electrostatic septum is a dipolar electric field device used in particle accelerators to inject or extract a particle beam into or from a synchrotron.  In an electrostatic septum, basically an electric field septum, two separate areas can be identified, one with an electric field and a field free region. The two areas are separated by a physical wall that is called the septum. An important feature of septa is to have a homogeneous field in the gap and no field in the region of the circulating beam.

The basic principle
Electrostatic septa provide an electric field in the direction of extraction, by applying a voltage between the septum foil and an electrode. The septum foil is very thin to have the least interaction with the beam when it is slowly extracted. Slowly means over millions of turns of the particles in the synchrotron. The orbiting beam generally passes through the hollow support of the septum foil, which ensures a field free region, as not to affect the circulating beam. The field free region is achieved by using the hollow support of the septum and the septum foil itself as a Faraday cage. The extracted beam passes just on the other side of the septum, where the electric field changes the direction of the beam to be extracted. The septum separates the gap field between the electrode and the foil from the field free region for the circulating beam. 
Electrostatic septa are always sitting in a vacuum tank to allow high electric fields, since the vacuum works as an insulator between the septum and high voltage electrode. To allow precise matching of the septum position with the circulation beam trajectory, the septum is often fitted with a displacement system, which allows parallel and angular displacement with respect to the circulating beam. Great difficulty lies in the choice of materials and the manufacturing techniques of the different components.
In the figure a typical cross section of an electrostatic septum is shown. The septum foil and its support are marked in blue, while the electrode is marked in red. In the lower part of the figure the electric field E is shown as it could be measured on the axis indicated as a dotted line in the cross section. The field free region is inside the support of the septum foil. The electric field E in the gap between the septum foil and the electrode is homogeneous on the axis and is equal to:

Where V is the voltage applied to the electrode and d is the distance between the septum foil and 
the electrode.

Typical technical specifications 
Typical device specifications are listed below.
 Electrode length: 500 – 3000 mm 
 Gap width: variable between 10 – 35 mm 
 Septum thickness: 0.1 mm 
 Vacuum: (10−9 to 10−12 mbar range) 
 Electric field strength: up to 15 MV/m 
 Voltage: up to 300 kV 
 Septum materials: Molybdenum foil, Tungsten Rhenium alloy wires,  Tungsten Rhenium alloy ribbons
 Electrode materials: stainless steel, anodised aluminium or titanium for extreme low vacuum applications 
 Bakeable up to 200 °C for low vacuum applications 
 Power supplied by high voltage Cockcroft–Walton generator

References

Electrostatic Septum 

Accelerator physics
John Rodenburg. John Marius Rodenburg  is emeritus professor in the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at the University of Sheffield. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019 for "internationally recognised... work on revolutionising the imaging capability of light, X-ray and electron transmission microscopes".

Education
Rodenburg was educated at University of Exeter where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics with Electronics. He moved to the Cavendish Laboratory to complete his PhD on the detection and interpretation of electron diffraction patterns which was awarded by the University of Cambridge in 1986.

Career and research
Rodenburg worked until 1999 in the University of Cambridge as a University Research Fellow of the Royal Society. He is currently emeritus professor in the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at the University of Sheffield. 

His research interests have mostly been in improving the resolution and other capabilities of electron, X-ray and optical microscopy by processing diffraction patterns instead of using lenses. He has innovated many key developments in the diffractive imaging method called ptychography.

In 2006, Rodenburg co-founded Phase Focus Limited, which uses ptychography to image live cells to improve cancer drug design. He served as a director and Chief Scientific Officer from 2006 to 2015.

Awards and honours
Rodenburg was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019.

Personal 
Rodenburg is married to the material scientist Professor Conny Rodenburg, and is the brother of the voice coach and writer Patsy Rodenburg

References 

Fellows of the Royal Society
1960 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British materials scientists
Microscopists
English physicists
Electronics prototyping. In electronics, prototyping means building an actual circuit to a theoretical design to verify that it works, and to provide a physical platform for debugging it if it does not. The prototype is often constructed using techniques such as wire wrapping or using a breadboard, stripboard or perfboard, with the result being a circuit that is electrically identical to the design but not physically identical to the final product.

Open-source tools like Fritzing exist to document electronic prototypes (especially the breadboard-based ones) and move toward physical production. Prototyping platforms such as Arduino also simplify the task of programming and interacting with a microcontroller. The developer can choose to deploy their invention as-is using the prototyping platform, or replace it with only the microcontroller chip and the circuitry that is relevant to their product.

A technician can quickly build a prototype (and make additions and modifications) using these techniques, but for volume production it is much faster and usually cheaper to mass-produce custom printed circuit boards than to produce these other kinds of prototype boards. The proliferation of quick-turn PCB fabrication and assembly companies has enabled the concepts of rapid prototyping to be applied to electronic circuit design. It is now possible, even with the smallest passive components and largest fine-pitch packages, to have boards fabricated, assembled, and even tested in a matter of days.

Boards

Breadboard

Perfboard

Stripboard

References

P
Prototypes
Colin Mudie. Colin Mudie (11 April 1926 – 11 March 2020) was an Edinburgh-born yacht designer, author, naval historian, balloonist, and advocate for the handicapped sailor. He studied engineering at Southampton University, before working under yacht designers including Laurent Giles and Uffa Fox. He then set up his own firm.
He received the award of RDI (Royal Designer for Industry) for Small craft/ naval in 1995.

Yachts

Mudie is particularly celebrated for his range of boat designs, including motorsailers, small sailing cruiser/racers, luxury yachts, and tall ships. Among the tall ship designs are examples for crews which include both handicapped and able-bodied crew members.

Motorsailers
Mudie designed the early range of Hardy motorsailers.

Cruiser/racers

Mudie's cruiser/racer yacht designs include:

SUNSPOT - 1972
WING 25 - 1963

Luxury yachts

Mudie designed a number of luxury yachts, including:
Zinat Al-Bihaar  Omani RYS 1988 
Ashena  built by Wadia 2006 
Passionata  built by Astilleros Udondo 1973

Tall ships

The 'Little Brigs' TS Bob Allen and TS Caroline Allen
INS Sudarshini (A77) is a sister ship of INS Tarangini (A75); three-masted commissioned 1997
INS Tarangini (A75) constructed in Goa - design by Colin Mudie, launched 1 December 1995. 
KLD Tunas Samudera training ship, Royal Malaysian Navy -launched in 1989. Colin Mudie also designed a sister ship (the Young Endeavour)
STS Young Endeavour (Australian Young Endeavour Youth Scheme) laid down by Brooke Marine (which became Brooke Yachts during the vessel's construction) Built 1986-1988
STS Lord Nelson for the Jubilee Sailing Trust (JST), launched  1986
TS Royalist Groves and Guttridge, East Cowes, Isle of Wight. launched on 3 August 1971

Replicas

Matthew, a replica of John Cabot's 15th century caravel, the Matthew, 1996. Built at Redcliffe Wharf by the Bristol Classic Boat Company.
Brendan, a 36' (15m) replica of the leather curragh that St Brendan is reputed to have sailed across the Atlantic in the 6th century, which Tim Severin commissioned and in which he successfully completed the voyage.

Books

Mudie authored several books on boats and their history of development:

Motor Boats and Boating (Littlehampton Book Services Ltd, 1972) 
Power Boats  (Transatlantic Arts, 1976) 
Power Yachts (with Rosemary Mudie) (Adlard Coles Ltd., 1 Jul 1977) 
The Story of the Sailing Ship (with Rosemary Mudie)   (Exeter Books, 1980) 
Advanced Sailboat Cruising Hardcover (with  G.Hales Handford) (Macmillan, 1981) 
The Sailing Ship. A voyage through the ages (ed., with Rosemary Mudie)  (Roydon Publishing Company, 1984) 
Sopranino (with Patrick Ellam) (Sheridan House Inc, 1986) 
Sailing Ships: Designs and Reconstructions of Great Sailing Ships from Ancient Greece to the Present Day  (Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2000)

References

British yacht designers
2020 deaths
1926 births
Kavya Manyapu. Kavya K. Manyapu is an Indian–American aerospace engineer and scientist. She currently works at NASA in the Extravehicular Branch for Lunar Exploration missions (Artemis program) within the Flight Operations Directorate at JSC. She was part of the Boeing team that developed the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for nearly 10 years. She developed a novel technology for self-cleaning space suits that uses carbon nanotubes to repel dust for use in future lunar and Mars missions.

Early life and career 
Manyapu grew up in Hyderabad, India. When she was 16, her family moved to the United States. She received a bachelor's degree in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 2006 and a master's degree in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT in 2010. She also holds a Diploma in performing arts from Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University. She served as a crew member on multiple Analog/simulated Mars Missions. She joined Boeing in 2010, where she has been working on the CST-100 Starliner, a spacecraft that would transport crew to the ISS. She held multiple roles in this project, including Spacesuit Lead, Flight Test Engineer, Flight Crew Operations and Flight Test Director.

She received her PhD in 2017 under the supervision of Pablo de León, becoming the first ever PhD graduate in space studies at the University of North Dakota. During her doctoral studies, she developed patented novel technology, a smart fabric for planetary space suits to address the problem of lunar dust that proved to be a major issue during Apollo missions. The fabric contains carbon nanotubes, which repel dust when an electric current is applied to them. She holds seven patents on this technology. Early-generation pieces of this fabric were launched into space for testing in April 2019  Manyapu became an adjunct professor of the Space Studies Department at the University of North Dakota in 2019.

Manyapu has received a number of awards for her work. In 2014, she received the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement Stellar Award. In 2016, she was one of nine people who won a Future Space Leader award. She was listed in 40 under 40 by Georgia State University in 2020 and in 2022 recognized as 40 under 40 by Georgia Institute of Technology

Personal life 
Manyapu is a certified scuba diver and has a pilot's license. She is also an Indian classical dancer and received an award from the President of India and title 'Balashree' for excellence in performing arts. She is an amateur mountaineer and avid hiker.

Selected publications

References 

1980s births
Living people
Year of birth uncertain
Indian aerospace engineers
University of North Dakota faculty
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Boeing people
Indian women engineers
American aerospace engineers
American women engineers
American women academics
21st-century American women
University of North Dakota alumni
Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University alumni
Indian dancers
KTM Class 22. The KTM Class 22 is a class of mainline diesel electric locomotives designed and equipped by English Electric-AEI Traction, with construction by Metro-Cammell, for operations by Keretapi Tanah Melayu in Malaysia.

Design and history
The class 22 is a dual cab general purpose locomotive with a full width body. The body is a single stress-carrying truss structure designed for a buffing load of . It consists of a basic underframe of rolled channel longitudinal side members connected by cross members at bogie, power unit and equipment mounting points, as well as at buffer beams and drag boxes. Sides consist of fabricated frames with steel panelling welded to the underframe. The prefabricated cabs are also welded to the underframe and sides to form the box structure. Detachable roof panels with hinged covers provide access to components for maintenance and overhaul.

The bogies were designed by English Electric. They are cast steel bolsterless with fully equalised primary suspension using helical coil springs on underslung beams and three-point secondary rubber cushion suspension to the body. To equalise motor reactions, the AEI-253 motors are all mounted on the inner side of each axle.

The engine is the 1,760 bhp V-8 version of English Electric's RK/V Mk III range, turbocharged and intercooled. It provides a 17% increase in power over the 12SVT Mk II engine fitted to the earlier Class 20. The EE822 DC generator is bolted directly to the engine. In February 1995, four (22105, 22107, 22119, 22140) were sent to Morrison-Knudsen's factory in Whyalla, Australia for rebuilding. In April 2001, 22119 arrived at A Goninan & Co, Broadmeadow for rebuilding. It was scrapped in 2004.

After being withdrawn in 2010, four were retained and plinthed as exhibits, while three were sold for use by civil engineering contractors, one going to Bangladesh for use by civil engineering firm Maxx Railway Track after being refurbished by Nippon Kiara in Kuala Lumpur in 2014.

References

External links

 http://www.malayarailway.com/2008/11/ktmb-class-22.html#axzz656WWjRhv

Co-Co locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of Malaysia
English Electric locomotives
Keretapi Tanah Melayu
Metre gauge diesel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1971
Georges Gutelman. Georges Gutelman (6 December 1938 – 5 November 2019) was a Belgian engineer and businessman who specialized in aviation.

Biography
Gutelman was born in 1938 to Polish immigrant parents. During World War II, his mother was murdered by the Nazis in Auschwitz, while he hid with his father in Belgium. Gutelman graduated from the University of Liège in 1963 and shortly thereafter started a travel agency and bought his first plane with his childhood friend, Jean Gol.

In 1971, Gutelman founded the charter airline Trans European Airways. In 1984 and 1985, Gutelman used his business to help with Operation Moses, an operation that helped evacuate Ethiopian Jews from Sudan into Israel during famine and civil war. In 1989, Gutelman was elected as businessman of the year by the Belgian magazine Trends.

Trans European Airways filed for bankruptcy in 1994, but the company was relaunched the following year as European Airlines, and later Eurobelgian Airlines. Eurobelgian Airlines was later bought by Richard Branson and renamed Virgin Express. After this, Gutelman partnered with Victor Hasson to start the airline CityBird, which went bankrupt after five years, in 2001. He founded Birdy Airlines in 2002, which ceased operations in 2004 after being bought by SN Brussels Airlines. That same year, Gutelman was arrested for financial fraud, but released a day later.

Gutelman took a minority stake in Alma Telecom in 2006 with Albert Hasson, the brother of Victor Hasson who had died a year earlier. Gutelman had hopes of bringing the mobile phone to the African community.

Georges Gutelman died on 5 November 2019.

References

1938 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Belgian engineers
University of Liège alumni
Belgian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Burials at South Cemetery in Israel
G.8201. In Optical Transport Networks, G.8201 is an international standard that defines error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator international paths.

G.8201 is defined by the International Telecommunications Union's Standardization sector (ITU-T).

History 
G.8201 was developed by Study Group 13 of ITU-T in 2003. In 2011 a revised version was published (April 2011).

Standard 
The G.8201 standard defines error performance parameters and objectives for
international ODUk paths transported by the optical transport network (OTN).

The standard specifically addresses objectives for international ODUk paths, however the allocation principles can also be applied to the design of error performance for national or private ODUk paths.

References 

ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T G Series Recommendations