omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Michelle Scherer. Michelle Marie Scherer is the current Dean of the College of Engineering at Michigan Technological University. She previously served as the Donald E. Bently Professor of Engineering at the University of Iowa. Her research considers environmental geochemistry, in particular redox-reactions at mineral-water interfaces. In 2009 she was awarded the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors Distinguished Service Award.

Early life and education 
Scherer grew up in New Jersey. She enjoyed mathematics and problem solving as a child, and was particularly interested in using engineering in an environmental context. She studied systems engineering at the University of Virginia. She moved to the University of Connecticut where she earned a master's degree in civil and environmental engineering. Scherer joined the OGI School of Science and Engineering for her doctoral studies and earned a PhD in 1998.

Research and career 
In 1998 Scherer joined the University of Iowa as an Assistant Professor. She was promoted to Professor in 2010 and made a Chair in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. That year she was awarded the AEESP Frontier in Research Award. Scherer specialises in environmental geochemistry, in particular, the interaction of pollution and soil. Before Scherer it was believed that pollutants only interacted with the surfaces of soil and minerals, but Scherer has demonstrated that they can penetrate the interiors of mineral particles.

Her research considers the reduction-oxidation reactions that occur at iron oxide surfaces. She has investigated the attenuation of chlorinated solvents (including perchloroethylene, PCE, and trichloroethylene, TCE) through biological degradation, and the impact of abiotic degradation due to iron minerals in natural attenuation. She has shown that at high iron concentrations the formation of metastable mineral phases can reduce the PCE and TCE, making them more susceptible to attenuation.

She is involved with a University of Iowa project to monitor the levels of lead in Iowan drinking water, which is known to impact children's physical and mental capacity. Whilst the Flint water crisis occurred due to city-wide changes in water sources and poor control of corrosion, Iowan homes often have sources of lead in their own plumbing, and need lead monitoring at the tap.

In 2014 she spoke about Women Leaders in Environmental Chemistry at the annual American Chemical Society meeting.  She joined the United States Environmental Protection Agency Advisory Board in 2014.

In 2024 she became the Dean of the College of Engineering at Michigan Tech.

Awards and honours 
Her awards and honours include:

 2010 Malcolm Pirnie Frontier in Research Award
 2015 Excellence in Teaching and Dedication to Student Success
 2016 May Brodbeck Distinguished Achievement Award

Selected publications 
Her publications include:

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Connecticut alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
University of Iowa faculty
21st-century American educators
River Medway Cable Tunnels. The River Medway Cable Tunnels are a pair of tunnels carrying high-voltage electricity transmission lines beneath the lower River Medway between the Isle of Grain and Chetney Marshes, Kent.

Specification 
Each tunnel carries a 400 kV electricity circuit on the transmission line between the National Grid substations at Grain and Kemsley (Line Reference: 4TL). The oil-filled cables are designed to carry 3780 Amps in Winter and 3060 A in Summer. The tunnels are 1,700 metres long, 2.54 m in diameter and between 34 m and 47 m below ordnance datum. The tunnels are connected to a common 6.1 m diameter vertical access shaft at each end.

Grain sealing end compound location: 51°26'09.4"N 0°42'18.9"E

Chetney Marsh sealing end compound location: 51°25'14.6"N 0°41'59.6"E

Design and construction 
The tunnels were built in anticipation of the commissioning of Grain power station (with a planned capacity of 3,300 MW). The crossing would allow the transmission of power to the 400 kV transmission system to the south. A feasibility report of 1967 addressed both overhead line and tunnel options for the crossing. Overhead lines would have been longer than the 1,382 metre Swanscombe to Thurrock 400kV crossing and therefore require taller pylons. The tunnels were designed by the Transmission Development and Construction Division of the Central Electricity Generating Board advised by Charles Haswell and Partners. They were constructed between 1973–6 by John Mowlem & Co. Ltd. and L.G. Mouchel and Partners were consulting engineers for the civil engineering work. The tunnels are constructed from concrete expanding wedge block linings. The tunnels were designed to be constructed through a layer of London Clay. Unexpected beds of gravel and silt were encountered and entailed a diversion of the west tunnel.

Operation 

The cables are air cooled to maintain the temperature within design limits at high electricity loads. A forced ventilation system, comprising fans, dampers, acoustic enclosures, and control systems delivers 58 m3/s of air at 7,500 Pa through each tunnel. The tunnels are provided with Distributed Temperature Sensing fibre system mounted in the crown of each tunnel to detect abnormal temperature conditions.

See also 

 Thames Cable Tunnel
 Dartford Cable Tunnel
 400 kV Thames Crossing

References 

Powerline river crossings
Electric power infrastructure in England
Electric power transmission in the United Kingdom
Acoustic panel. Acoustic panels (also sound absorption panels, soundproof panels or sound panels) are sound-absorbing fabric-wrapped boards designed to control echo and reverberation in a room. Most commonly used to resolve speech intelligibility issues in commercial soundproofing treatments. Most panels are constructed with a wooden frame, filled with sound absorption material (mineral wool, fiber glass, cellulose, open cell foam, or combination of) and wrapped with fabric.

An acoustic board is a board made from sound absorbing materials, designed to provide sound insulation. Between two outer walls sound absorbing material is inserted and the wall is porous. Thus, when sound passes through an acoustic board, the intensity of sound is decreased. The loss of sound energy is balanced by producing heat energy. They are used in auditoriums, halls, seminar rooms, libraries, courts and wherever sound insulation is needed. Acoustic boards are also used in speaker boxes.

See also
Acoustics
Architectural acoustics
Room acoustics
Absorption (acoustics)

References 

Acoustics
Building engineering
SAPPHIRE. SAPPHIRE (Stanford AudioPhonic PHotographic IR Experiment, also called Navy-OSCAR 45)  was a satellite built by the Stanford University students in Palo Alto, California.

The satellite was launched on September 30, 2001 together with Starshine 3, PICOSat and PCSat on an Athena 1 rocket at the Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska, United States.

Its purpose was the training of students, the operation of an infrared sensor, a digital camera, a speech synthesizer and from 2002 the operation of an APRS digipeater. He also served to train midshipmen of the US Naval Academy in the field of satellite control.

The satellite's mission ended in early 2005.

Frequencies
 Uplink: 145.945 MHz
 Downlink: 437.1 MHz
 Mode: 1200 bit/s AFSK
 Call sign: KE6QMD

See also 

 OSCAR

External links 
 . PDF

References 

Satellites orbiting Earth
Amateur radio satellites
Microsatellites
Spacecraft launched in 2001
Transplant engineering. Transplant engineering (or allograft engineering) is a variant of genetic organ engineering which comprises allograft, autograft and xenograft engineering. In allograft engineering the graft is substantially modified by altering its genetic composition. The genetic modification can be permanent or transient. The aim of modifying the allograft is usually the mitigation of immunological graft rejection.

History 
Transient genetic allograft engineering has been pioneered by Shaf Keshavjee and Marcelo Cypel at University Health Network in Toronto by adenoviral transduction for transgenic expression of the IL-10 gene. Permanent genetic allograft engineering has first been done by Rainer Blasczyk and Constanca Figueiredo at Hannover Medical School in Hanover by lentiviral transduction for knocking down MHC expression in pigs (lung)  and rats (kidney).

References 

Genetic engineering
Transplantation medicine
Addi Meles. Addi Meles is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area is protected by the local community.

Environmental characteristics
 Area: 65 ha
 Average slope gradient: 20%
 Aspect: the enclosure is oriented, on both sides of a ridge towards the east and the west
 Minimum altitude: 2163 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2259 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone
 2018: support by the EthioTrees project

Management
As a general rule, cattle grazing and wood harvesting are unallowed. The grasses are harvested annually and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance water infiltration, and vegetation growth. Field observations showed that some illegal grazing occurred in the enclosure in 2018.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 84 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosures.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website 
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

2018 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
Afedena (exclosure). Afedena is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 2008 by the local community.

Timeline
 2008: established as exclosure by the community
 2017: support by the EthioTrees project

Environmental characteristics
 Area: 70 ha
 Average slope gradient: 25%
 Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the northeast and east
 Minimum altitude: 2068 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2232 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone

Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are three guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however, some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.

Biodiversity
With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife. Along the main road that crosses the exclosure, caracals, jackals, and guineafowls are frequently seen.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 66 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the village, according to the priorities of the communities; particularly building classrooms for Afedena school.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website 
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

2008 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
Starshine 3. Starshine 3 (also called SO-43 and OSCAR 43) is one of five satellites in the Starshine project (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Equipment).

Starshine 3's main task was to study the density of the Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, the  and  heavy spherical satellite body was covered with 1,500 mirrors, which were manufactured by machine technology students in Utah and polished by almost 40,000 students in 1,000 different schools. In addition, 31 laser reflectors and a radio beacon in the amateur radio frequency range (145.825 MHz) were attached. The transmitter was powered by solar cells and batteries. Starshine 3 had neither drive nor position control.

Mission
The satellite, together with the PICOSat, PCSat and SAPPHIRE satellites, was launched on September 30, 2001 with an Athena I rocket from Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska, USA.

Because of the mirrors, the satellite was visible to the naked eye from Earth at night. Students measured the difference in the daily shortening orbital period and derived the density of the atmosphere. They also measured fluctuations in the intensity of UV radiation from the Sun, which they associated with different densities in the atmosphere.

Starshine 3 burned up on January 21, 2003 after 7,434 orbits in the Earth's atmosphere about two years earlier than originally expected.

See also

 OSCAR
 STARSHINE (satellite)

External links
 . NASA

References

Amateur radio satellites
Spacecraft launched in 2001
Laser ranging satellites
Regina Nuzzo. Regina Nuzzo is a professor of statistics at Gallaudet University in Washington D.C., a liberal arts school for deaf and hard-of-hearing students. She also writes articles about the importance of statistical and science communication and is an advocate for people with disabilities in the science and technology field.

Education 
Nuzzo graduated from the University of South Florida with a Bachelor's degree in industrial engineering and went on to obtain her Ph.D in statistics from Stanford University in 2004, supervised by Richard A. Olshen. Her dissertation was written on the usage of stochastic models in bio-chemistry.

Nuzzo also graduated from the University of California Santa Cruz's science writing program, where she learned how to write effectively for a variety of audiences about science and technology.

Career 
Nuzzo has been a faculty member at Gallaudet University since 2006. She has written multiple articles for publication in major magazines, including WIRED magazine, the New York and Los Angeles Times, as well as Reader's Digest. In addition to teaching, she gives seminars about statistics, which have been hosted at the University of Washington, the University of Maryland, and Harvard University.

In 2019, Nuzzo was appointed the Senior Advisor for Statistics Communication and Media Innovation for the American Statistical Association.

Awards 
In 2014, Nuzzo was awarded the Excellence in Statistical Reporting Award (ESRA) by the American Statistical Association for her article in Nature magazine about statistical p-values.

Notable popular press work 

 "Standing Strong", Cancer Today - 2013 
 "The Future of Election Forecasting", Scientific American - 2014 
 "Regrown nerves boost bionic ears", Nature - 2014 
 "How scientists fool themselves - and how they can stop", Nature - 2015 
 "What Happens When Scientists Experiment on Themselves?" - Reader's Digest - 2016 
 "When courtroom science goes wrong - and how stats can fix it", Knowable Magazine - 2018

Notable academic journal articles 

 "Intracellular reduction of selenite into glutathione peroxidase... " - US National Library of Medicine - 2000 
 "Vestibular Dysfunction in DFNB1 Deafness" - US National Library of Medicine - 2011

References 

Gallaudet University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American statisticians
Women statisticians
Stanford University alumni
University of South Florida alumni
William McMurray (engineer). William McMurray (1929–2006) was a pioneer in the field of power electronics. Holding both British and American citizenship, he was an electrical engineer, author and inventor who held 23 patents, and was most notable for his invention of the McMurray inverter and the McMurray-Bedford inverter.

McMurray was born in Los Angeles in 1929 and spent the early part of his life in the United Kingdom. He gained his bachelor's degree in engineering from Battersea Polytechnic and an MSc from Union College. During his career he was the author of 25 research papers, and the book The Theory and Design of Cycloconverters. His contributions to power electronics are considered "the basis of progress in the arts and sciences." A member of General Electric's research and development team since 1953, McMurray's work focused on a wide range of semiconductor power converters and their controls which included applications involving power conditioners and power supplies, speed drives, HVDC transmission and chopper converters for electric vehicles. McMurray was the recipient of the IEEE Power Electronics 1978 William E. Newell Power Electronics Award.

Notes

References

1929 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of the University of Surrey
American electrical engineers
British electrical engineers
Union College (New York) alumni
Cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase. Cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase is a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the demethylation of lignin and various lignols.  The net reaction follows the following stoichiometry, illustrated with a generic methoxy arene:
ArOCH3  +  O2  + 2e−  +  2H+  →   ArOH  +  CH2O  +  H2O
The enzyme is notable for its promiscuity, affecting the O-demethylation of a range of substrates, including lignin.

It is a heterodimeric protein derived from the products of two genes.  The component proteins are a cytochrome P450 enzyme (encoded by the gcoA gene from the family CYP255A) and a three-domain reductase (encoded by the gcoB gene) complexed with three cofactors (2Fe-2S, FAD, and NADH).

Mechanism 
GcoA and GcoB form a dimer complex in solution. GcoA process the substrate while GcoB provides the electrons to support the mixed function oxidase.  As with other P450's, monooxygenation of the substrate proceeds concomitantly with reduction of half an equivalent of O2 to water.  An oxygen rebound mechanism can be assumed.  GcoA positions the aromatic ring within the hydrophobic active site cavity where the heme is located.

Structure 
GcoA has a typical P450 structure: a thiolate-ligated heme next to a buried active site. GcoB is however unusual. Cytochrome P450s normally are complemented by either a cytochrome P450 reductase or a ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase;  its electrons are carried by NAD+ or NADP+. GcoB however has a single polypeptide. This polypeptide has an N-terminal ferredoxin with both an NAD(P)+ and also an FAD binding region.

CcoA and GcoB are closely interlinked, acting as an heterodimer in solution. The surface of GcoB has an acidic patch that must interact with the matching basic region in GcoA. It is assumed that the part of GcoB interacting with GcoA is at the intersection between the FAD binding domain and ferredoxin domain. To achieve this GcoB would have to go through some structural change, which would represent a new class of P450 systems (family N).

Potential applications 
Cytochrome P450 aromatic O-demethylase assists in the partial O-demethylation of lignin.  The resulting 1,2-diols are well suited for oxidative degradation via intra- and extra-diol dioxygenases.  Thus O-demethylated lignins are potentially susceptible to partial depolymerization.  With fewer crosslinks, the modified ligand is potentially more useful than the precursor., ranging from fuels

References 

Cytochrome P450
EC 1.14.14
EC 1.6.2
Prokaryote genes
Friedrich Lürssen. Friedrich Lürssen (1 March 1851 in Lemwerder – 30 November 1916 in Bremen) was a German shipbuilder and company founder of the German company Lürssen. He constructed the first motorboat for inventor Gottlieb Daimler.

Life 
On 27 June 1875, the 24 year-old Friedrich Lürssen set up a boatbuilding workshop in Aumund, a suburb of Bremen, Germany. His first vessel demonstrates his trademark: originality and high-quality. Friedrich Lürssen's shipyard grew and thrived, and at one point he also began placing orders with his father. Lürssen won several trophies in boat racing.

Eleven years later, in 1886, Friedrich Lürssen built the world's first motorboat. The 6-meter REMS was commissioned by the inventor and engine manufacturer Gottlieb Daimler, who needed a boat to put his new engine through its paces. Friedrich Lürssen, always open to new ideas, designed and built it without delay. This motorboat was first tested on the German river Neckar.

He was married and his son Otto (1880–1932) worked for the Lürssen company.

References

External links 
Deutsche Biographie: Friedrich Lürssen (German)
Official website by Lürssen

1851 births
1916 deaths
German shipbuilders
19th-century German businesspeople
20th-century German businesspeople
German company founders
German naval architects
German industrialists
Lürssen
Santiago Saura Martínez de Toda. Santiago Saura Martínez de Toda (born 1974) is a Spanish engineer, professor and politician. Member of the Madrid City Council since 2019, he serves as councillor-president of the district of Retiro.

Biography 
Born in Oviedo in 1974. He earned a PhD from the Technical University of Madrid (UPM), reading a dissertation titled Influencia de la escala en la configuración del paisaje: mediante un nuevo método de simulación espacial, imágenes de satélite y cartografías temáticas in 2001, supervised by Francisco Javier Martínez Millán. He became a member of Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) in 2006, while he was working as lecturer at the University of Lleida. He obtained a chair as full professor in Forestry Engineering at the UPM. He worked for three years for the European Commission in the scope of environmental sustainability and protected natural areas. Based in Northern Italy working for the European Commission, he returned to Spain to run in the Cs list vis-à-vis the May 2019 Madrid municipal election. Included in the 2nd slot of the party list led by Begoña Villacís, he was elected as member of the Madrid City Council.

Following the investiture of José Luis Martínez-Almeida with the 'yes' votes of People's Party, Cs and Vox on 15 June 2019, Saura was appointed as Councillor-President of the districts of Retiro and Hortaleza. He was soon dismissed from the latter position, as he was in turn charged with the delegated portfolio for Internationalisation and Cooperation (a post attached to the Vice-Mayorship).

References 

Madrid city councillors (2019–2023)
Academic staff of the Technical University of Madrid
Academic staff of the University of Lleida
Spanish engineers
Citizens (Spanish political party) politicians
1974 births
Living people