omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Oxygen rebound mechanism. In biochemistry, the oxygen rebound mechanism is the pathway for hydroxylation of organic compounds by iron-containing oxygenases.  Many enzymes effect the hydroxylation of hydrocarbons as a means for biosynthesis,  detoxification, gene regulation, and other functions.  These enzymes often utilize Fe-O centers that convert C-H bonds into C-OH groups.  The  oxygen rebound mechanism starts with abstraction of H from the hydrocarbon, giving an organic radical and an iron hydroxide.  In the rebound step, the organic radical attacks the Fe-OH center to give an alcohol group, which is bound to Fe as a ligand.  Dissociation of the alcohol from the metal allows the cycle to start anew.  This mechanistic scenario is an alternative to the direct insertion of an O center into a C-H bond.  The pathway is an example of C-H activation.

Three main classes of these enzymes are cytochrome P450, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases, and nonheme-diiron hydroxylases.

References

Organic redox reactions
Enzymes
Oxygenases
AA'-graphite. AA'-graphite is an allotrope of carbon similar to graphite, but where the layers are positioned differently to each other as compared to the order in graphite.

AA’ stacking of graphene planes is another crystalline form of graphite (orthorhombic, Fig. 1) which is metastable for Bernal AB graphite (hexagonal) (Fig. 2) and reveals a nanocrystalline feature. Dr. Jae-Kap Lee discovered the new crystalline form of graphite in 2008 when he grew graphite onto diamond. He realized that graphene layers comprising graphite grew on diamond (111) plane with stacked in the sequence of AA', due to the crystallographic feature of diamond.
The non-Bernal AA’ allotrope of graphite is synthesized by the thermal- and plasma-treatment of graphene nanopowders at ~1,500 °C. The formation of AA’ bilayer graphene nuclei facilitates the preferred texture growth and results in single-crystal AA’ graphite in the form of nanoribbons (1D) or microplates (2D) of a few nm in thickness. Kinetically controlled AA’ graphite exhibits unique nano- and single-crystalline feature and shows quasi-linear behavior near the K-point of the electronic band structure resulting in anomalous optical and acoustic phonon behavior (Fig. 3).
Lee et al. also revealed that multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) is a type of AA’ graphite. That is, MWNTs are composed of AA’ stacked graphene helices rather than concentric tubes (to be linked later).

References 

 
attribution This article contains content copied from  licensed under CC-BY-4.0 license

Graphite
Theng Tunnel. Theng Tunnel is a road tunnel on the Chungthang-Mangan (Gangtok-Chungthang) highway in North Sikkim. The 578 meters long tunnel is the longest tunnel in the state of Sikkim.

It is constructed by Border Road Organisation as part of Project Swastik on the Sino-Indian border. The construction was carried out by AIREF Engineers and was inaugurated on 7 June 2018. It is double-lane tunnel which bypasses a treacherous stretch of road between Sikkim's capital Gangtok and Chungthang, which frequently remains closed due to land slides and shooting stones. The tunnel is illuminated by LED lights, has one safety exit in case of emergencies and has full fire safety feature with fire hydrants and a big tank for storage of water.

See also

 India-China Border Roads

References

External links 
 Tunnel Lighting: Theng Tunnel-A Case Study

Road tunnels in Sikkim
2018 establishments in Sikkim
Tunnels completed in 2018
Mangan district
Gangtok district
Charng Ratanarat. Charng Ratanarat (, 1904–1993) was a Thai chemist, government official and entrepreneur. 

Charng was born in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, when he grew up, he went to secondary school at Suankularb Wittayalai School in Bangkok. His first job was as a teacher. Later, he received a scholarship to study for a doctorate in science at the University of Jena.

He was the first to develop iron smelting techniques in Thailand, for the Siam Cement Company, where he served on the board of directors. He served as the Director-general of the Department of Science under the Ministry of Industry from 1944 to 1963, and as Permanent Secretary of Industry after that. He made multiple business ventures, the most significant of which is the Siam Chemicals Company, which grew from a capital of 12 million baht in 1959 to be worth over one billion by the 1990s.

References

Charng Ratanarat
Charng Ratanarat
Charng Ratanarat
Charng Ratanarat
1904 births
1993 deaths
Charng Ratanarat
University of Jena alumni
Charng Ratanarat
Fly Air Trike Moster. The Fly Air Trike Moster is a Bulgarian ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Fly Air Limited of Trudovec. The design is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Trike Moster was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, the German 120 kg class and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. The design has a standard empty weight of .

The aircraft design features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from square steel tubing, with its single or double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a single-cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, single-ignition  Vittorazi Moster 185 engine, although other engines can also be fitted.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  without the wing and a gross weight of . The airframe was designed to be folded up and ground transported in the trunk of an automobile, with the wing carried on the roof.

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage as it was designed to accept most standard hang gliding wings.

Specifications (Trike Moster)

See also
Fly Air Swallow

References

External links

Trike Moster
2010s Bulgarian sport aircraft
2010s Bulgarian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
TCMTB. (Benzothiazol-2-ylthio)methyl thiocyanate  (TCMTB) is a chemical compound classified as a benzothiazole.

Properties 
TCMTB is an oily, flammable, red to brown liquid with a pungent odor that is very slightly soluble in water. It decomposes on heating producing hydrogen cyanide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. The degradation products are 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) and 2-benzothiazolesulfonic acid.

Uses 
TCMTB is used as wideband microbicide, paint fungicide, and paint gallicide. The active substance approved in 1980 in the United States. It is used, for example, in leather preservation, for the protection of paper products, in wood preservatives, and against germs in industrial water.

In the US, TCMTB is used as a fungicide for seed dressing in cereals, safflower, cotton and sugar beet.

It is also used when dealing with fungal problems when extracting hydrocarbons via fracking.

Approval 
TCMTB is not an authorized plant protection product in the European Union.
In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, no plant protection products containing this active substance are authorized.

TCMTB contributes to health problems in tannery workers as it is a potential carcinogen, and is a hepatotoxin. It is also a skin sensitizer, and may cause contact dermatitis in those exposed to the poisonous compound.  Hence, it is mainly used in developing countries.

References 

Benzothiazoles
Thioethers
Thiocyanates
Biocides
Fungicides
Chan Nai-keong. Kenneth "Nicky" Chan Nai-keong, CBE, JP (; 17 November 1931 – 9 May 2003) was a Hong Kong engineer and government official. He was the first Chinese person to become Secretary for Lands and Works from 1983 to 1986.

Biography
With a family root in Zhongshan, Guangdong, Chan was born in 1931. He was educated at Loughborough College and became a student engineer at the Public Works Department of the Hong Kong government. His first task was road-widening work in Wong Nai Chung Road outside the Hong Kong Jockey Club in Happy Valley. One of this major projects was the construction of the Connaught Road pedestrian underpass to the Star Ferry Terminal in Central. He was promoted to the assistant engineer in 1960 and was sent to Yale University for advanced graduate studies in traffic engineering. He became senior engineer in 1962, the chief engineer in 1965 and later the government's chief engineer in 1973.

In 1977, he was promoted to the project manager of the Tuen Mun New Town Development Office, head of the Highways Office and director of engineering development. He then became the Deputy Director of the Lands and Works. He was the first Chinese to become Secretary for Lands and Works from 1983 to 1986 before he became the Postmaster General. For his contribution, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by Loughborough and was elected to the British Fellowship of Engineering in 1986. He retired from the civil service in 1987 to take the position of managing director of Hong Kong Electric Holdings which sparked controversy of a potential conflict of interest.

After his retirement, he was active in the public sphere, becoming the founding president of the Hong Kong Former Senior Civil Servants Association, chairman of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers and president of the Association of Engineers in Society. He was appointed member of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Hong Kong Affairs Advisor on the eve of the handover. He was also a member of the Selection Committee and a member of the Election Committee. In 1997, Chan formed the Hong Kong Experts Consultancy which employed former senior civil servants to offer advice to engineering and property businesses.

Chan died of cancer in 2003 and was survived by his wife and three children.

References

1931 births
2003 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Government officials of Hong Kong
Hong Kong engineers
Hong Kong businesspeople
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Alumni of Loughborough University
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Members of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Hong Kong Affairs Advisors
Members of the Selection Committee of Hong Kong
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 1998–2000
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong, 2000–2005
USCGC Joseph Gerczak. USCGC Joseph Gerczak (WPC-1126) is the 26th  cutter built for the United States Coast Guard. She is one of three Fast Response Cutters homeported in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Design

Like her sister ships, Joseph Gerczak is designed to perform search and rescue missions, port security, and the interception of smugglers. She is armed with a remotely controlled, gyrostabilized 25 mm autocannon, four crew-served M2 Browning machine guns, and light arms. She is equipped with a stern launching ramp, that allows her to launch or retrieve a water-jet propelled high-speed auxiliary boat, without first coming to a stop. Her high-speed boat has over-the-horizon capability, and is useful for inspecting other vessels, and deploying boarding parties. She is designed to support her crew of 24 for missions of up to five days, over distances of almost .

Operational history
On November 9, 2017, the U.S. Coast Guard took delivery of Joseph Gerczak from Bollinger Shipyards in Key West, Florida.

On February 4, 2018, Joseph Gerczak arrived at her new homeport of Honolulu following a 42-day transit from Key West, Florida.

On March 9, 2018, Joseph Gerczak was commissioned into service at Coast Guard Base Honolulu. Vice Adm. Fred M. Midgette, commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area, presided over the ceremony accepting the second of three 154-foot fast response cutters to be stationed in Hawaii.

In August 2019, Joseph Gerczak became the first Fast Response Cutter to visit the Port of Pago Pago, American Samoa.

In February 2022, Joseph Gerczak became the first Fast Response Cutter to visit the Port of Pape’ete, Tahiti.

Namesake

In 2010, Charles "Skip" W. Bowen, who was then the United States Coast Guard's most senior non-commissioned officer, proposed that all 58 cutters in the Sentinel class should be named after enlisted sailors in the Coast Guard, or one of its precursor services, who were recognized for their heroism.  In 2015 the Coast Guard announced that Joseph Gerczak, who coolly shot down two Japanese planes, during World War II, before he himself was shot, would be the namesake of the 26th cutter.

References 

Sentinel-class cutters
Ships of the United States Coast Guard
2017 ships
Ships built in Lockport, Louisiana
Divinyl sulfide. Divinyl sulfide is the organosulfur compound with the formula S(CH=CH2)2.  A colorless liquid with a faint odor, it is found in some species of Allium.

Preparation
Divinyl sulfide is formed from hydrogen sulfide and acetylene. Divinylsulfide can arise when inadvertently when acetylene is generated by hydrolysis of technical-grade calcium carbide contaminated with calcium sulfide.

Divinylsulfide was first prepared in 1920 by the reaction of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide with sodium ethoxide:
(ClCH2CH2)2S  +  2 NaOEt   →  (CH2=CH)2S  +  2 EtOH  +  2 NaCl

Monovinyl sulfides
With the formula CH2=CHSR, a variety of monovinyl sulfides are known.  They can arise by the dehydrohalogenation of -2-haloethyl phenyl sulfides.  One example is phenyl vinyl sulfide.  Alkyl ketones react with thiols in the presence of phosphorus pentoxide to give vinyl sulfides:

References

Thioethers
Vinyl compounds
Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean. The Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) is a general model of ocean circulation developed by a European consortium and used in many countries of Europe.

Composition 
NEMO is an ocean modeling platform composed of several models and numerical techniques for the use and processing of incoming and outgoing data. It has five main components:

Ocean: NEMO-OPA (Océan Parallélisé)
Sea ice: NEMO-LIM ("Louvain-la-neuve sea Ice Model")
Biogeochemistry: NEMO-TOP/PISCES ("Tracer in the Ocean Paradigm")
Grid refinement tools: NEMO-AGRIF
Data assimilation system: NEMO-TAM ("Tangent linear and Adjoint Model")

It can be associated with other components of the climatic system, atmosphere and land surface, by means of OASIS.

Grid 
Nemo is available in various configurations.

Global configurations use ORCA tripolar grids, which allow the entire oceanic domain to be covered without singularity points. In fact, the grid formed by the meridians and the parallels has two singularities: the North Pole and the South Pole. Near these two points the mesh size tends to zero, making the use of modeling equations problematic. To overcome the problem, the poles of the ORCA grids are positioned on the terrestrial sphere in such a way as to be located on continents. Since the South Pole is located on the Antarctic continent, a modification of the standard grid is not required, while the North Pole, which is located in the Arctic Ocean, is replaced by two points located one in North America and the other in Siberia. The ORCA grid is available in different horizontal resolutions ranging from about 2 degrees to 1/12 degree.

Development 
The development of NEMO is organized and controlled by a European consortium created in 2008 and formed by:

French National Center for Scientific Research, France
Mercator Ocean, France
Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Met Office, United Kingdom
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Italy

References

External links 
 www.nemo-ocean.eu

Consortia in Europe
Oceanographic organizations
3D makeR Technologies. 3D makeR Technologies (makeR)  is a 3D printer manufacturer. The company started out as an open-source printer company. It was founded between Barcelona and Santa Marta by Carlos Camargo, who currently acts as the CEO of the company. Following the traditional RepRap model, the makeR's first products were as do it yourself kits with an alternative version based on open-source FDM 3D printer Prusa i3, called Prusa Tairona. Current makeR 3D printers are designed with a closed frame and selected build sizes.

Products
Their product line includes the 3D printer series PEGASUS. The makeR 3D printers are compatible with polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and some specials materials for industrial needs, such as PLA filament mixed with particles of metals which through sanding 3D printed parts provide appearance similar to metals (steel, copper, and aluminium). Also, makeR printers print with nylon and carbon fiber.

References

External links
Official Website
Print-On-Demand
Digi Labs Pro Website

3D printer companies
Technology companies of Colombia
Manufacturing companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Colombia
Fused filament fabrication
Manufacturing companies of Colombia
Naval Air Museum Barbers Point. Naval Air Museum Barbers Point was a military museum in Kapolei, Hawaii.

The museum preserved the history of the co-located Naval Air Station Barbers Point. Its exhibits included former U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Marine Corps aircraft including the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, Lockheed P-3C Orion, and Sikorsky UH-3H Sea King, among others.

Established in 1999, the museum was forced to close in June 2020 after longstanding difficulties with the State of Hawaii.

References

External links
 Aviation Pros article on disposal of the museum's aircraft collection
 Local KITV news article on the museum's eviction
 2019 Warbird Digest article on the eviction of the museum
 2014 article on the museum in Warbirds Digest

Military and war museums in Hawaii
1999 establishments in Hawaii
Museums in Honolulu County, Hawaii
Museums established in 1999
Nobu Tamura. Nobumichi Tamura, often shortened to Nobu Tamura, is a French-born Japanese American paleoartist and physicist. He currently lives in California, United States.

Biography
Tamura became a physicist with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and is an artist specializing in the field of paleoart.

Tamura was a student at Grenoble Institute of Technology from 1986-1989 for electrochemistry, and then from 1989-1993 for his PhD in Materials Science. He worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratory from May 1998 to August 1999, and then moved to LBNL. He has worked there ever since as the project leader for the development of the ALS X-Ray microdiffraction beamline. He is a Senior Scientist in Diffraction and Imaging, and Photon Science Operations. He has published over 300 articles, including in publications such as the Journal of Structural Biology and the Proceedings of SPIE, which focus on research into utilizing microdiffraction of soft x-rays to measure stress, among other things.

In addition to his work in the field of optics, he also has an extensive portfolio of paleoart. He has illustrated two books: Dinosaurs of the British Isles and Vertebrate Evolution: From Origins to Dinosaurs and Beyond. In an interview in 2016 he estimated that he's published over 1,500 drawings since 2007, and continues to release new content on his Spinops. According to Tamura, he was inspired to begin making paleoart while browsing through Wikipedia when he noticed that the dinosaur pages did not have any illustrations. He told Inverse in 2016 that he remembers thinking "Maybe I can do something about it." In PBS Eons' video "An Illustrated History of Dinosaurs," he is listed as a prominent figure in the newest age of paleoart.

References

External links
Spinops, Nobu Tamura's Paleoart Portfolio
 

Paleoartists
French physicists
Living people
Japanese physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
1962 Godthab Catalina crash. On 12 May 1962, an Eastern Provincial Airways Canso amphibian flying boat operating for Greenlandair (now Air Greenland) sank at Godthåb (now Nuuk) in Greenland, causing the death of 15 passengers.

Accident
The Catalina was operating a scheduled flight from Kangerlussuaq Airport to Godthåb for Greenlandair with 21 on board, while landing on the water at Goodthab harbour it sank with 15 passengers being killed. Initial reports were that the aircraft had hit debris on the water.

Aircraft
The aircraft CF-IHA was a Canadian-built variant of the Consolidated Catalina built by Canadian-Vickers in 1944. It was built for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) with serial number 11058 until it was sold in 1947.

Investigation
A technical investigation concluded that the nose wheel doors had not closed properly probably due to mechanical failure.  With a gap of 70mm, the doors were torn off on landing letting water into the nose wheel bay, the pressure of water caused a bulkhead to fail and the aircraft to sink.

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1962
Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated PBY Catalina
Aviation accidents and incidents in Greenland
Somsak Panyakeow. Somsak Panyakeow (, born 1947) is a Thai electrical engineering researcher. He pioneered research on photovoltaics and lasers in Thailand, establishing the semiconductor research laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering of Chulalongkorn University, where he holds a professorship. His research, which also focuses on nanoelectronics, has earned him multiple awards from the National Research Council of Thailand.

References

Somsak Panyakeow
Somsak Panyakeow
Somsak Panyakeow
1947 births
Living people
Fly Air Limited. Fly Air Limited is a Bulgarian aircraft manufacturer based in Trudovec, headed by Simeon Simeonov. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft, including ultralight trikes, powered parachutes and powered paragliders. The company was originally located in Pravets.

The company's aircraft emphasize simplicity and portability, including ground transport by automobile. Ultralight trikes, such as the Fly Air Trike Moster and the now out-of-production Fly Air Swallow, use simple square steel tube construction. Most designs use the Italian Vittorazi Moster 185 two-stroke powerplant.

The company supplies AirDesign paramotor wings with its paramotors. In April 2017 the company became a dealer for La Mouette hang glider wings.

By 2021 the company website had been taken down and it is likely the company is out of business.

Aircraft 
Summary of aircraft built by Fly Air Limited:
Fly Air Double Seat Trike
Fly Air Paramotor
Fly Air Paratrike
Fly Air Swallow
Fly Air Trike Moster

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Bulgaria
Ultralight aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Powered parachutes
Paragliders
BaZnGa. BaZnGa (barium zinc gallide) is a ternary compound of barium, zinc, and gallium that was inspired by the saying "Bazinga!" from Sheldon Cooper on The Big Bang Theory television series. It is a poor metal. BaZnGa crystals can be grown by adding gallium to a BaZn eutectic at 800° C and then cooling to 400 °C. Hot liquid BaZn is hard to handle because zinc vapourises and barium reacts with air. Next, centrifuging filtration removes the crystals of BaZnGa from the liquid BaZn. The crystals have space group I4/mmm tI36 with a=6.3652 and c=25.593 Å. The unit cell volume is 1036.9 Å3, with 12 formula units per cell. The electrical resistivity at room temperature is 2.5×10−4 Ohm·cm.

Various merchandise has been produced with periodic table like entries of Ba, Zn, and Ga, including clothing and mugs.

A substance with a similar looking formula BaZnGa10O17, a barium zinc gallate, is a barium ion conductor.

References

External links

Gallium alloys
Barium compounds
Zinc alloys
The Big Bang Theory