omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Gemgema. Gemgema is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 1992 by the local community.

Timeline

Source:

 1992: established as exclosure by the community
 2017: support by the EthioTrees project

Environmental characteristics

Source:

 Area: 92 ha
 Average slope gradient: 59%
 Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the west
 Minimum altitude: 2124 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2288 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone

Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are five guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 53 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosure.

Biodiversity
With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website 
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

1992 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
May Genet (exclosure). May Genet  is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 2010 by the local community.

Timeline
Source:
 2010: established as exclosure by the community
 2017: support by the EthioTrees project

Environmental characteristics
Source:
 Area: 60 ha
 Average slope gradient: 33%
 Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the west
 Minimum altitude: 2145 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2228 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone

Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are two guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 69 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosure.

Biodiversity
With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

2010 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
Mi'am Atali (exclosure). Mi'am Atali is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 2010 by the local community.

Timeline
Source:
 2010: established as exclosure by the community
 2018: support by the EthioTrees project

Environmental characteristics
Source:
 Area: 83 ha
 Average slope gradient: 17%
 Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the east and northeast
 Minimum altitude: 1945 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2131 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone

Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are two guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that however some illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 72 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosures.

Biodiversity
With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

2010 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Environment of Ethiopia
Levels of service. Levels of service (LOS) is a term in asset management referring to the quality of a given service. Defining and measuring levels of service is a key activity in developing infrastructure asset management plans. Levels of service may be tied to physical performance of assets or be defined via customer expectation and satisfaction. The latter is more service-centric rather than asset-centric. For instance, when measuring the LOS of a road, it could be measured by a physical performance indicator such as Pavement Condition Index (PCI) or by a measure related to customer satisfaction such as the number of complaints per month about that certain road section. Or in the case of traffic level of service, it could be measured by the geometry of road or by travel time of the vehicles, which reflects the quality of traffic flow. So, levels of service can have multiple facets: customer satisfaction, environmental requirements and legal requirements.

Technical and strategic levels of service 
Levels of service also can be seen as technical or strategic. Technical LOS reflects the service provider's perspective, while strategic LOS represents the customer or user's perspective. For instance in the case of sewer infrastructure, a municipality (as the service provider) may measure the number of micro-cracks in a pipe or sewer and model its expected lifetime to ensure the quality of the service, but the user's main concern is the availability and reliability of the sewer system, not necessarily the technical aspects of the physical infrastructure. In simple words, as long as the user can flush his/her toilet, he/she may not have any issue with the deterioration of the pipe.

Desired and current levels of service 
Current LOS are the service levels that are currently being provided by the service provider. Desired or expected levels of service are the levels that the provider (and the customer) want to reach or find satisfactory. For example assuming that in a municipality the average Pavement Condition Index of roads is 75 and the average travel time from point A to B is 55 minutes. The municipality learns this information after measuring the LOS for roads and wants improve this LOS to catch up with desired levels of service. Assuming that their desired LOS for roads is an average PCI of 80 and an average travel time of 50 minutes from point A to B, they have to work towards this objective by improving current levels of service.

Levels of service analysis 
Analysis of LOS includes the following steps:

 Understanding customer expectation
 Developing LOS
 Consultation, communication and approval
Continuous review, updates and enhancement

References 

Infrastructure asset management
Asset management
Tukhul (exclosure). Tukhul is an exclosure located in between the villages of Tukhul and Miheni in the Dogu'a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The area has been protected since 1998 by the local community.

Timeline
 1998: established as exclosure by the community
 2017: support by the EthioTrees project

Environmental characteristics
 Area: 36 ha
 Average slope gradient: 16%
 Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the south and the east
 Minimum altitude: 1959 metres
 Maximum altitude: 2039 metres
 Lithology: Antalo Limestone

Management
As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Physical soil and water conservation has been implemented to enhance infiltration, and vegetation growth. There are two guards to protect the exclosure. Field observations showed that no illegal grazing occurred in the exclosure in 2018.

Benefits for the community
Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were hiza’iti lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community:
 improved ground water availability
 honey production
 
 climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture)
 the sequestered carbon (in total 73 tonnes per ha, dominantly sequestered in the soil, and additionally in the woody vegetation) is certified using the Plan Vivo voluntary carbon standard, after which carbon credits are sold
 the revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosures.

Biodiversity

With vegetation growth, biodiversity in this exclosure hast strongly improved: there is more varied vegetation and wildlife. Particularly, with regard to birdlife, one may observe black-winged lovebird, greyish eagle-owl, hoopoe, black-billed wood hoopoe, banded barbet, Nubian woodpecker, Abyssinian woodpecker, grey-headed batis and montane white-eye.  In the adjacent seasonal grazing land Clapperton's francolin, black-bellied bustard, and red-backed shrike, can be spotted during the tall grass season.

References

External links
 EthioTrees on Davines website
 EthioTrees project website
 EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
 Link For Forestry Projects

1998 establishments in Ethiopia
Exclosures of Tigray Region
Dogu'a Tembien
Alamitos Energy Center. The Alamitos Energy Center (AEC), formerly AES Alamitos, is a natural gas-fired power station located in Long Beach, California. It is the second largest power station in California.

Description
Alamitos Energy Center was originally built in the 1950s by Southern California Edison and consisted of seven natural gas-fired generating units that were cooled using a seawater once-through cooling system. Units 1 and 2 generated 175 MW each, units 3 and 4 generated 320 MW each, and units 5 and 6 generate 480 MW each. Unit 7 generated an unknown amount of electricity and was decommissioned at an unknown date. The AES Corporation purchased the power station from Southern California Edison in 1998.

Modernization
On December 27, 2013, AES submitted an application to the California Energy Commission to modernize the existing power station. The project consists of a 640 MW combined cycle gas turbine (Block 1) and a 400 MW simple cycle gas turbine (Block 2), both of which use air-cooled condensers for cooling. The project also includes the construction of a 100 MW, 400 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS). Construction began in June 2017.

Block 1 was constructed between July 2019 and January 2020, and was commissioned on February 7, 2020. Block 2 is planned to be constructed between late 2020 and mid 2022. Construction of the battery energy storage system (BESS) began in June 2019, and was complete in early 2021.

Decommissioning Units 1-6
As part of the modernization project, all six operating units and the retired Unit 7 will be demolished. Units 1, 2, and 6 were decommissioned on December 31, 2019. Units 3-5 have a retirement date of December 31, 2020. However, in late 2019, AES submitted an application to the California Energy Commission to continue to operate units 3-5 for an additional 1 to 3 years. If approved, demolition of units 3-5 will be delayed for an additional 1 to 3 years.

The water quality in the Alamitos Bay could be degraded by the decommissioning of the Alamitos Energy Center pumps.  The City of Long Beach is assessing a replacement for these pumps to maintain the bay's water circulation.

Battery Storage Project
A battery facility with a capacity of 400 megawatt-hours was completed in 2021.

See also
List of power stations in California

References

Natural gas-fired power stations in California
Geoffrey W. Coates. Geoffrey "Geoff" William Coates (born 1966) is an American chemist and the Tisch University Professor in the department of chemistry and chemical biology at Cornell University.

Early life and education 
Coates was born in 1966 in Evansville, Indiana. He received a B.A. degree in chemistry from Wabash College in 1989. He entered graduate school at Stanford University where he worked with Robert M. Waymouth as a Hertz Fellow. His thesis work investigated the stereoselectivity of metallocene-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. He was awarded a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1994. Coates then was a NSF Postdoctoral Fellow with Robert H. Grubbs at the California Institute of Technology. At Caltech, Coates worked on ring-closing metathesis reactions to functionalize polyolefins, and supramolecular phenyl-perfluorophenyl pi-stacking interactions.

Independent career 
In 1997, Coates joined the faculty of Cornell University. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2001, and to Professor in 2002. He was appointed to the first Tisch University Professorship in 2008.

Selected honors and professional activities 
Coates has received numerous awards for his work in organometallic and polymer chemistry.

 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow
 ACS Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award
Named by the MIT Technology Review as a TR100 Innovator Under 35, in 1999
David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering in 2000
Regional Finalist of the Blavatanik Award in 2007 and 2008
 Elected member of American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2011 
Camille and Henry Dreyfus New Faculty Award in 1997 and Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award in 2000
American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow in 2006
 ACS Carl S. Marvel Creative Polymer Chemistry Award in 2009
 Elected member of National Academy of Inventors in 2017
 Elected member of National Academy of Sciences in 2017
Scientific Advisory Board for the Welch Foundation in 2020
 2022 Eni Award
 2023 NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science

Entrepreneurship and affiliations 
Coates is the scientific cofounder of Novomer, Ecolectro, Intermix Performance Materials, and Imperion Coatings. Novomer was acquired by Danimer Scientific in 2021. Coates is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of KensaGroup and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Welch Foundation.  He is a Director of the Board of the Mitsubishi Chemical Group. Coates was an associate editor of the journal Macromolecules from 2008 to 2021, and is now an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

References 

American chemists
Cornell University faculty
Wabash College alumni
Stanford University alumni
Living people
1966 births
Boeing Pad Abort Test. The Boeing Pad Abort Test (also abbreviated to Boe-PAT) was a test of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner and its abort motors, conducted by Boeing as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. It was the first flight of Starliner and one of the last milestones ahead of OFT. The mission's main objective was to demonstrate that Starliner could safely pull a crew away from the pad in the event of an emergency prior to liftoff.

After a successful launch, only two of three main parachutes deployed. Despite this, NASA and Boeing deemed the test a success, as Starliner was designed to function on two parachutes if necessary.

History 
In September 2011, Boeing announced the completion of a set of ground drop tests to validate the design of the airbag cushioning system. In May 2019, all major hotfire tests, were completed using full-up flight-capable service module hardware. This cleared the way for the pad abort test and the subsequent uncrewed and crewed flights.

The pad abort test took place on 4 November 2019. The abort motors fired nominally, followed by a clean service module separation. One of the three parachutes failed to deploy, and the capsule landed with only two parachutes. The airbag cushion helped break the harder-than-expected fall, and the landing was deemed to be safe. NASA declared the test a success, and the malfunction of one parachute didn't affect the Starliner development schedule. The malfunction was found to be human error. A pin meant to connect the pilot chute to the main chute was not properly connected. Therefore the pilot chute was not able to successfully deploy the main chute. Pre-flight inspections did not catch this error due to a protective covering.

See also 
 Dragon 2 Pad Abort Test

References

External links 

Boeing Starliner
Test spaceflights
2019 in spaceflight
November 2019 in the United States
Flight abort
Bohai Sea saline meadow. The Bohai Sea saline meadow ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0902) covers the coastal deltas of the Yellow River and the Luan River where they enter the Bohai Sea in China.  The saline meadows and intertidal mudflats provide an important stopping-over point for birds migrating on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.  The region is under heavy ecological pressure from human development.

Location and description 
The ecoregion rims the crescent-shaped shore of Bohai Bay, on the northwest of the Bohai Sea.  The river deltas are expanding from silt carried by the Yellow River from the loess soil regions to the west, and by the Luan River from the north.

Both natural and artificial wetlands are extensive in the region.  The natural wetlands - reed fields and tidal flats - have diminished greatly in recent years through conversion to aquaculture and development.  Artificial wetlands include paddy fields, salt fields, reservoirs and ponds.  A portion of the region is a Ramsar Convention wetland of international importance.  The Dongying-Huang He Nature Reserve is the area sits on the second largest oil-field in China.

Climate 
The climate of the ecoregion is Humid continental climate, hot summer (Köppen climate classification (Dwa)), with a dry winter.  This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a hot summer (at least one month averaging over ), and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month.  The average precipitation in the region is 592 mm/year, varying up to 20%.

Flora and fauna 
There are a wide variety local habitats, influenced by the interplay of fresh water and silt arriving by river with salt water pressure from the sea.  The interior grasslands are characterized by Kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica), the saline meadows by salt-tolerate plants such as Suaeda.  Freshwater stands inland have mostly been converted to rice paddies and aquaculture ponds.

The region is an important migratory stop-over for the endangered Red-crowned crane and Siberian crane.  The vulnerable Saunders's gull uses the region as one of its few breeding sites.   Biodiversity is high: scientists have recorded 367 species of bird, and 197 species of fish, in the Shandong delta alone.

See also 
 Ecoregions in China

References 

Ecoregions of China
Flooded grasslands and savannas
Palearctic ecoregions
Samuel Ibiyemi. Ibiyemi Samuel Tunji (2 January 1954 – 9 September 2021) was a Nigerian 
academic, lecturer, professor of electrical and electronics engineering. He was the second vice-chancellor of the Achievers University, Owo Ondo State. He was appointed on 1 April 2014 to succeed Johnson Odebiyi, the pioneer vice-chancellor, whose tenure started in 2008 and ended in 2014.

Early life and education 
Tunji obtained Council of Engineering Institution, CEI (UK) Part II (equivalent to bachelor's degree in the UK) in electronics engineering from Cambridge Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Uk; Master of Science (1980) and Ph.D. (1982) degrees in electrical engineering (computer and control) from University of Bradford, Bradford, England. Tunji also served as the longest head of department at the University of Ilorin, electrical and electronics engineering department.

Prior to his appointment in 2014, Tunji has also worked in various academic and administrative positions, such as dean and provost at the College of Science & Technology, Covenant University, Ota (March 2002 – July 2005); and head of department, University of Ilorin, Ilorin.

Achievements and contributions 
As the vice-chancellor of the institution, Tunji introduced engineering courses to the institution in the 2016/2017 academic session.

In February 2020, Tunji handed over six undergraduates to the law enforcement agency for their involvement in cult activities.

Tunji also called on the federal government to declare a state of emergency in the education sector, stated that many admission seekers were not willing to attend private universities, he also appealed to the federal government to make private universities attractive to admission seekers.

In 2019, Tunji requested that private universities be included in the TETFund scheme, stating that the non-inclusion of private universities as beneficiaries of TETFund was unfair.

References

1954 births
2021 deaths
Vice-chancellors of Nigerian universities
People from Kogi State
Alumni of the University of Bradford
Academic staff of the University of Ilorin
Academic staff of Covenant University
Nigerian electronic engineers