omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Bernard Silver. Bernard Silver (September 21, 1924 – August 28, 1963) was an electrical engineer and early developer of barcode technology alongside Norman Joseph Woodland.

Silver earned his Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the Drexel Institute of Technology in 1947. In 1948 Silver paired with Norman Joseph Woodland to come up with an automated way to read product data after overhearing the conversation of a local grocery store president. Their initial results, a system of lines and circles based on Morse code, was replaced with a bulls eye pattern so it could be scanned from any direction. Silver and Woodland filed a patent for their system on October 20, 1949.   was granted on October 7, 1952. "The two men eventually sold their patent to Philco for $15,000 — all they ever made from their invention."

During his career Silver served as a physics instructor at Drexel and as vice-president of Electro Nite Inc. He died August 28, 1963, of bronchopneumonia due to acute myelogenous leukemia at the age of 38. In 2011 Silver, alongside Woodland, was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

Google featured a doodle of their logo as a barcode to recognize the anniversary of Bernard Silver at October 7, 2009.

References

1924 births
1963 deaths
Drexel University alumni
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American inventors
International Journal of Thermophysics. The International Journal of Thermophysics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established in 1980. The editor-in-chief is currently Marc J. Assael (Professor of Thermophysical Properties, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece). The 2020 impact factor was 1.608.

Scope
This journal covers research on theory and experimental results pertaining to the thermophysical properties of solid states, liquids, and gases, encompassing temperature, pressure, wavelength and other variables of interest. Instruments, techniques, measurement, computer modeling, and related systems are also covered.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
 Chemistry Citation Index
 Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences
 Materials Science Citation Index 
 Reaction Citation Index 
 Science Citation Index
 Academic OneFile 
 Astrophysics Data System 
 Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Abstracts 
 Chemical Abstracts Service
 Chimica
 Earthquake Engineering Abstracts
 EBSCO databases
 EI/Compendex
 Engineered Materials Abstracts
 INIS Atomindex
 Inspec
 Scopus
 Summon by Serial Solutions

References

External links 
 

English-language journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1980
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Bimonthly journals
Sopwith Antelope. The Sopwith Antelope was a British three-seat transport aircraft built after the end of the First World War. A single-engined biplane based on the Sopwith Wallaby long-range aircraft, only a single Antelope was built.

Development and design
In 1919, the Sopwith Aviation Company developed a three-seat transport aircraft, the Sopwith Antelope,  based on its Wallaby long-range aircraft built to compete for a £10,000 prize for an England-Australia flight, which was in turn based on the Sopwith Atlantic, which had crashed during an attempt to be the first aircraft cross the Atlantic Ocean non-stop earlier that year.

Like the Wallaby, the Antelope was a single-engined tractor biplane, but with a modified fuselage to accommodate the pilot and two passengers.  The pilot sat in an open cockpit under the tailing edge of the wing, in front of an enclosed cabin where the two passengers sat on wicker seats facing each other, with a door on the left side of the cabin to give direct access and windows to provide the passengers with a view. The cabin was fitted with a hatch on its roof, which when slid forward allowed the rearmost passenger seat to be raised so the passenger could be seated with his or her head outside the cabin. It was powered by a single 180 hp (134 kW) Wolseley Viper water-cooled V8 engine and had two-bay wings.

Operational history
The Antelope was displayed at the 1920 Olympia Aero show, and received its Certificate of Airworthiness on 10 August 1920  before being entered into the Air Ministry Small Commercial Aircraft Competition later that month, where it received the second prize of £3,000.

While Sopwith went into Voluntary liquidation, the Antelope was sold to the Larkin Sopwith Aviation Company of Australia in 1923, being fitted with a Siddeley Puma engine, where it was used to fly air mail, remaining in existence until 1935.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

"The Olympia Aero Show at a Glance". Flight, 8 July 1920, pp. 712–727.
"The Olympia 1920 Aero Show". Flight, 22 July 1920, pp. 793–806.
"The Air Ministry Competition at Martelsham: Some Notes on the Machines Entered". Flight, 5 August 1920, pp. 855–861.
Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft 1919–1972:Volume III. London:Putnam, 1988. .
Richardson, Bruce. Sopwith – The Man and His Aircraft. Letchworth, UK:Air Review, 1970. .

1920s British airliners
Antelope
Cizre Dam. The Cizre Dam is a dam being constructed on the Tigris River north of Cizre, Turkey.  The Cizre Dam is to be built in conjunction and downstream of the Ilisu Dam.  The Cizre Dam is also one of the planned dams of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP).  The purpose of the Cizre Dam is irrigation, hydro-power and to control the tailwaters of the Ilisu Dam.

A tender for the Cizre Dam was unsuccessfully issued in May 2008 but another issue on 15 May 2014 left Zorlu Energy as the winning bidder. The Cizre Dam will have a hydro-power capacity of 240 MW and will provide irrigation for 121,000 hectares. It was approved by the government in 2023 and is planned to be completed by 2027.

A 2023 study predicted that this and other dams would have considerable sociological impact downstream in Iraq.

Cizre Dam construction started as of September 2024

References

External links

Dams in Şırnak Province
Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
Southeastern Anatolia Project
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Dams on the Tigris River
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Turkey
Process supervision. Process supervision is a form of operating system service management in which some master process remains the parent of the service processes.

Benefits
Benefits compared to traditional process launchers and system boot mechanisms, like System V init, include:

 Ability to restart services which have failed
 The fact that it does not require the use of "pidfiles"
 Clean process state
 Reliable logging, because the master process can capture the stdout/stderr of the service process and route it to a log
 Faster (concurrent) and ability to start up and stop

Implementations

 daemontools
 daemontools-encore: Derived from the public-domain release of daemontools
 Eye: A Ruby implementation
 Finit: Fast, Extensible Init for Linux Systems
 God: A Ruby implementation
 immortal: A Go implementation
  PM2: A Process Manager for Node.js
 Initng
 launchd
 minit: A small, yet feature-complete Linux init
 Monit
 runit
 Supervisor: A Python implementation
 s6: Low-level process and service supervision
 Systemd

References

Computing terminology
Ellis R. Lippincott Award. The Ellis R. Lippincott Award is awarded annually to recognize "an individual who has made significant contributions to vibrational spectroscopy as judged by his or her influence on other scientists."
It was jointly established in 1975 by The Optical Society, The Coblentz Society, and The Society for Applied Spectroscopy.  The award honors Ellis R. Lippincott, a vibrational spectroscopist who worked at the University of Maryland.  Lippincott was one of the developers of the Diamond anvil cell, which is used in high pressure research.

Past winners of the Lippincott Award

2024   Steven G. Boxer
2023   Peter R. Griffiths
2022   Martin Zanni
2021   Rohit Bhargava
2020   Volker Deckert
2019   Ji-Xin Cheng
2018   Peter Hamm
2017   Roberto Merlin
2016   Thomas Elsaesser
2015   
2014   
2013   Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
2012   Keith A. Nelson
2011   Isao Noda 
2010   
2009 	Michael D. Fayer
2008 	Richard P. Van Duyne
2007 	Jonathan Tennyson
2006 	Hai-Lung Dai
2005 	
2004 	
2003 	Shaul Mukamel
2002 	
2001 	Lester Andrews
2000 	Donald Levy
1999 	Mitsuo Tasumi
1998 	Takeshi Oka
1997 	Robin Hochstrasser
1996 	
1995 	Giacinto Scoles
1994 	Herbert L. Strauss
1993 	
1992 	Richard Saykally
1990 	Robert W. Field
1989 	Marilyn E. Jacox
1988 	Andreas C. Albrecht
1987 	C. Bradley Moore
1986 	Wolfgang Kaiser
1985 	
1984 	Jon T. Hougen
1983 	
1982 	
1981 	
1980 	George C. Pimentel
1979 	E. Bright Wilson
1978 	Bryce L. Crawford, Jr.
1977 	
1976 	Richard C. Lord

See also

 List of physics awards

References

Awards of Optica (society)
Spectroscopy
Pebble motion problems. The pebble motion problems, or pebble motion on graphs, are a set of related problems in graph theory dealing with the movement of multiple objects ("pebbles") from vertex to vertex in a graph with a constraint on the number of pebbles that can occupy a vertex at any time. Pebble motion problems occur in domains such as multi-robot motion planning (in which the pebbles are robots) and network routing (in which the pebbles are packets of data). The best-known example of a pebble motion problem is the famous 15 puzzle where a disordered group of fifteen tiles must be rearranged within a 4x4 grid by sliding one tile at a time.

Theoretical formulation
The general form of the pebble motion problem is Pebble Motion on Graphs formulated as follows:

Let  be a graph with  vertices. Let  be a set of pebbles with . An arrangement of pebbles is a mapping  such that  for . A move  consists of transferring pebble  from vertex  to adjacent unoccupied vertex . The Pebble Motion on Graphs problem is to decide, given two arrangements  and , whether there is a sequence of moves that transforms  into .

Variations
Common variations on the problem limit the structure of the graph to be:
 a tree
 a square grid,
 a bi-connected graph.

Another set of variations consider the case in which some or all of the pebbles are unlabeled and interchangeable.

Other versions of the problem seek not only to prove reachability but to find a (potentially optimal) sequence of moves (i.e. a plan) which performs the transformation.

Complexity
Finding the shortest solution sequence in the pebble motion on graphs problem (with labeled pebbles) is known to be NP-hard and APX-hard.  The unlabeled problem can be solved in polynomial time when using the cost metric mentioned above (minimizing the total number of moves to adjacent vertices), but is NP-hard for other natural cost metrics.

References 

Multi-agent systems
Automated planning and scheduling
Computational problems in graph theory
Michael O'Boyle. Michael O'Boyle is a professor of Computing and Director of the Institute for Computing Systems Architecture at the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics.

Education 
O'Boyle received a Master of Science degree in computer science from the University of Manchester in 1990. He completed his PhD at the University of Manchester in 1992 under the supervision of John Gurd.

Research 
O'Boyle's research interests include adaptive compilation, machine learning based optimization, auto-parallelising compilers and heterogeneous GPGPU multi-core platforms.
He is project leader of the MilePost gcc project and founding member of the European Network of Excellence on High Performance and Embedded Architecture and Compilation.

References

External links 
 Professor Michael O'Boyle's Home Page.

British computer scientists
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Polonium hydride. Polonium hydride (also known as polonium dihydride, hydrogen polonide, or polane) is a chemical compound with the formula PoH2. It is a liquid at room temperature, the second hydrogen chalcogenide with this property after water. It is very unstable chemically and tends to decompose into elemental polonium and hydrogen. It is a volatile and very labile compound, from which many polonides can be derived. Additionally, it is radioactive.

Preparation
Polonium hydride cannot be produced by direct reaction from the elements upon heating. Other unsuccessful routes to synthesis include the reaction of polonium tetrachloride (PoCl4) with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4), which only produces elemental polonium, and the reaction of hydrochloric acid with magnesium polonide (MgPo). The fact that these synthesis routes do not work may be caused by the radiolysis of polonium hydride upon formation.

Trace quantities of polonium hydride may be prepared by reacting hydrochloric acid with polonium-plated magnesium foil. In addition, the diffusion of trace quantities of polonium in palladium or platinum that is saturated with hydrogen (see palladium hydride) may be due to the formation and migration of polonium hydride.

Properties
Polonium hydride is a more covalent compound than most metal hydrides because polonium straddles the border between metals and metalloids and has some nonmetallic properties. It is intermediate between a hydrogen halide like hydrogen chloride and a metal hydride like stannane.

It should have properties similar to that of hydrogen selenide and hydrogen telluride, other borderline hydrides. It is expected to be an endothermic compound, like the lighter hydrogen telluride and hydrogen selenide, and therefore would decompose into its constituent elements, releasing heat in the process. The amount of heat given off in the decomposition of polonium hydride is over 100 kJ/mol, the largest of all the hydrogen chalcogenides.

It is predicted that, like the other hydrogen chalcogenides, polonium may form two types of salts: polonide (containing the Po2− anion) and one from polonium hydride (containing –PoH, which would be the polonium analogue of thiol, selenol and tellurol). However, no salts from polonium hydride are known. An example of a polonide is lead polonide (PbPo), which occurs naturally as lead is formed in the alpha decay of polonium.

Polonium hydride is difficult to work with due to the extreme radioactivity of polonium and its compounds and has only been prepared in very dilute tracer quantities. As a result, its physical properties are not definitely known. It is also unknown if polonium hydride forms an acidic solution in water like its lighter homologues, or if it behaves more like a metal hydride (see also hydrogen astatide).

References

Polonium compounds
Hydrogen compounds
Metal hydrides
Triatomic_molecules
Archibald Glenn. Sir Joseph Robert Archibald Glenn, OBE (24 May 19114 January 2012) was an Australian industrialist and founding Chancellor of La Trobe University.

Biography
Glenn was born in 1911 and raised near Sale, Victoria. He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, where he moved after Sale High School found itself without a mathematics teacher.  He studied engineering at the University of Melbourne and later in London. He joined ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries Australia, now known as Orica) where he became managing director for 25 years, retiring in 1973, and where he was Chairman for 10 years. During World War II he worked alongside Essington Lewis, who was in charge of war-related industry as Director-General of the Department of Munitions.

He was Chairman of the Scotch College Council from 1963 to 1981, and Ormond College Council from 1976 to 1981.

He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1965 and was knighted in 1966. He died on 4 January 2012, aged 100.

His first wife was Elizabeth "Betty" née Balderstone, whom he married in 1939.  After Betty died in 1988, he married Sue Debenham. His four children included Di Gribble, editor, publisher and deputy chair of the ABC; she predeceased him by three months.

References

External links

1911 births
2012 deaths
Australian chief executives
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Australian Knights Bachelor
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne
Australian men centenarians
Chancellors of La Trobe University
People from Sale, Victoria
20th-century industrialists
21st-century industrialists
Miguel Salis. Miguel Salis (1958 – 3 December 2021) was a Spanish entrepreneur and the founder of Eolia Renovables, where he was partner and CEO. He was also a co-founder and former vice-chairman and CFO of Jazztel PLC and vice-chairman of Ya.com. Previously, Salis worked at Salomon Brothers, Lehman Brothers and Midland Bank.

Salis was an Industrial Engineer from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, where he specialised in power technologies. He later went on to receive an MBA from Columbia University in New York, where he graduated in 1984. He began his career as an investment banker at Lehman Brothers, Solomon Brothers and Citicorp, after which he joined serial entrepreneur Martin Varsavsky to found Jazztel in 1999. Salis worked at Jazztel until 2003, when he joined Varsavsky's holding company Jazzya as a director. Here, Salis incubated and launched the project of Eolia Renovables (founded 2007), bringing on board the Spanish investment bank Nmas1. Eolia Renovables is now one of the European leaders in the wind and solar power sector, with operations in six countries and operating capacity of 434 MW.

References

1958 births
2021 deaths
Spanish chief executives
Columbia Business School alumni
Polytechnic University of Madrid alumni
People from León, Spain
Portsmouth Aerocar. The Portsmouth Aerocar was a British light utility aircraft design of the late 1940s.
It was intended to be an aircraft that could be used for a variety of tasks including transport "mobile office" but only one prototype was built being scrapped in 1950.

Design and development
The Aerocar was a high-wing monoplane with gondola fuselage and twin-boom tailplane and tricycle undercarriage. The cabin could hold five passengers in addition to the pilot. Four doors were fitted to the cabin.
The manufacturer claimed that as well as taking off in 160 yards on (dry) grass, it could climb on one engine at full load at .

It was of composite construction; fabric-covered wooden wings, tail booms and tail fitted to a metal fuselage but the production model would have been all-metal. Clamshell doors at the rear of the fuselage were advertised.

Construction of both a Major and Minor variants was started but the company decided that the Minor would not have enough power and construction was abandoned. The Major prototype was completed and started taxying trials at Portsmouth on 18 June 1947, Frank Luxmoore was pleased with the trials so he undertook the maiden flight the same day.

It was exhibited at the Society of British Aircraft Constructors airshow but funding for the development of the Aerocar was dependent on an agreement for licence manufacture in India. With the uncertainty arising from the partition of India in 1947, this became unlikely and Portsmouth Aviation was unable to continue with development. With Lionel Balfour, the driving force behind the Aerocar, no longer part of the company the Aerocar was stored until scrapped.

To support planned production in India the uncompleted Minor was sent to act as a pattern aircraft, the Indian financial backers failed to support the project and the idea of production in India was abandoned.

Variants
Aerocar Major
Powered by two 155hp Cirrus Major engines and a retractable landing gear, one prototype built and flown.
Aerocar Minor
Planned variant powered by two  Cirrus Minor II engines and a retractable landing gear, construction of a prototype abandoned and moved to India to act as a pattern aircraft for local production.
Aerocar Senior
Proposed variant of the Major with a fixed landing gear and lower level of equipment fit.
Aerocar Junior
Proposed variant of the Minor with a fixed landing gear and a lower level of equipment fit.

Specifications (Aerocar Major)

See also

References

Aerocar
1940s British civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Azriel Rosenfeld Award. In computer vision, the Azriel Rosenfeld Award, or Azriel Rosenfeld Life Time Achievement Award was established at ICCV 2007 in Rio de Janeiro to honor outstanding researchers who are recognized as making significant contributions to the field of Computer Vision over longtime careers. This award is in memory of the computer scientist and mathematician Prof. Azriel Rosenfeld.

Recipients
The first Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2007 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Takeo Kanade.

The second Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2009 in Kyoto Japan, to Berthold K.P. Horn.

The third Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2011 in Barcelona, Spain, to Thomas Huang.

The fourth Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2013 in Sydney, Australia, to Jan Koenderink.

The fifth Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2015 in Santiago, Chile, to Olivier Faugeras.

The sixth Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2017 in Venice, Italy to Tomaso Poggio.

The seventh Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented at ICCV 2019 in Seoul , Korea to Shimon Ullman.

The eighth Azriel Rosenfeld Award was presented in 2021 at the ICCV (held virtually that year), to Ruzena Bajcsy.

See also
 List of engineering awards
 List of computer science awards

References

Computer vision research infrastructure
Computer science awards
Electrical and electronic engineering awards
IEEE society and council awards
Circle grid analysis. Circle grid analysis (CGA), also known as circle grid strain analysis, is a method of measuring the strain levels of sheet metal after a part is formed by stamping or drawing. The name itself is a fairly accurate description of the process. 

Literally, a grid of circles of known diameter is etched to the surface of the sheet metal to be formed. After the part is formed, the circles have been stretched into ellipses. By measuring the longest part of the ellipse (called the “major strain”) and the shortest part of the ellipse (called the “minor strain”), it is possible to determine how close any stamped part is to splitting or fracturing.

Application
The goal of using circle grid strain analysis is to predict potential problems before they become problems. Once you have a forming problem, chances are circle grid analysis won’t be able to help you, unless it’s intermittent enough to form a “good” part from time to time.

See also
 Forming limit diagram
 Crankshaft deep rolling

References
Investigation of Forming Limit Curves of Various Sheet Materials Using Hydraulic Bulge Testing With Analytical, Experimental and FEA Techniques
Introduction to Circle Grid Strain Analysis and Thickness Strain Analysis

External links
Industrial Forging

Metal forming
Mechanical engineering
Teknik på farfars tid. Teknik på farfars tid is a privately owned museum dedicated to technology of the early 20th century in Helsingborg, Sweden. The museum was founded by Bengt Strand in 1970, and contains thousands of items: from veteran cars and motorcycles, to radios and toys. Bengt Strand received the Cultural Award of Helsingborg in 1989.

External links

  (in Swedish)
 Cars at Helsingborg technical museum

Museums in Skåne County
Culture in Helsingborg
Automobile museums in Sweden
History museums in Sweden