omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hybrid navigation. Hybrid navigation is the simultaneous use of more than one navigation system for location data determination, needed for navigation. By using multiple systems at once, the accuracy as a whole is improved. It also allows for a more reliable navigation system, as if one system fails, the other can kick in and provide accurate navigation for the user.  Especially for self-driving cars, the exact and continuous knowledge of the navigating object's location is essential.

Function 

GPS and other satellite based systems (GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU, QZSS) provide a way to learn one's location, but these methods require free field conditions in order to receive the radio signal. Various satellite systems are subject to switching-off or reduction of data precision by the company or government that runs them. They are also prone to intentional or unintentional disturbances. Even passing through a tunnel or a garage interrupts the data flow. In situations where the signal cannot be received reliably, alternate sources of location data are needed. Combining GPS with other methods can avoid these limitations, but each method has its own specific limitations. A hybrid system provides fault tolerance for each underlying method and improves the overall precision of the result.

The hybrid system needs to decide how to choose among the different methods at any given time. One solution is a triple configuration, allowing 'result voting' for data collecting systems.

Alternate systems that supply navigational data include:
 Beacons providing radio- or infrared based signals.
 Inertial navigation systems. This system determines location by summing the movement vectors from start of the trip or some other waypoint whose location is well-defined.
 Incremental sensors. This system uses vehicle speed data supplied by a Fleet Management System.
 Differential GPS. This system uses terrestrial radio transmitters with well-defined locations that broadcast information about how accurate the GPS signals are at identifying the locations of these transmitters.

See also 
 Automotive navigation system
 Hybrid positioning system
 Navigation Data Standard
 Sensor fusion

References

External links 
 Homepage of 'Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ortung und Navigation (DGON)'
 Wildau Video

Mobile technology
Communication
Navigational equipment
Søren Frich. Søren Frich (20 September 1827 – 7 May 1901) was a Danish engineer, factory owner and city Councillor who built the Frichs company, with headquarters and main production in Aarhus. He became one of the largest employers in Aarhus and the Frichs factory became one of the only locomotive producers in Denmark. Frich was elected to the Aarhus city council three times.

Søren Frich was born in Nim Parish in the manor Bolund west of Horsens in 1827. He was the son of Johan Peter Frich and Johanne Marie Harpøth. His father was a lawyer and later a member of Landstinget. From 1842-1845, Frich attended the technical school in Aarhus and then moved to Copenhagen where he attended Polyteknisk Læreanstalt (Polytechnic Academy). Between 1848 and 1850, he served with the Danish military during the First Schleswig War. He was wounded in the Battle of Isted and lost a lung to a gunshot wound. After convalescing, he moved to Frederiksværk to study iron casting. Two years later, in 1852, he took a study trip to England and Belgium. On this trip, he noticed how far ahead other countries were in terms of industrial production, compared to Denmark.

In summer of 1853, Frich returned home to Aarhus and the following year he established a new factory on the corner of Søndergade and Sønder Allé. He bought the land with funds borrowed from his father and got permission to build his foundry in less than a month. He proceeded to use the knowledge he had obtained during his travels and quickly built a reputation for skill and reliability. The factory initially produced tools and implements for agriculture and construction. During the Industrial Revolution, production was diversified to wind mills, trains and steam engines. Especially his machines for the oil and soap industries won acclaim and at the 1878 World's Fair in Paris Frich won a bronze medal for these products. In 1885, Frich resigned and sold the factory, then the largest industrial employer in the city.

Søren Frich was also politically active but with varying success. In 1870, he was elected to the city council for Højre. He started his tenure with a proposal to expand the harbor north of the city and to include a ship yard. The proposal did not get the necessary votes and in response, Søren Frich resigned from the city council. Public pressure brought him back, but in 1872 he resigned again. In 1882, he was elected for a third and last time, this time lasting a month. Although his political career did not bring great results, he continued to make his voice heard in the local press, frequently arguing for larger port facilities. His well-researched letters and publications would eventually form the basis for future harbor expansions.

Søren Frich died on 7 May 1901 and was buried on Åbyhøj Church cemetery.

References

1827 births
1901 deaths
People from Horsens Municipality
Danish industrialists
Local politicians in Denmark
George Doughty (trade unionist). George Henry Doughty (17 May 1911 – 25 July 1998) was a British trade union leader.

Early life and career 
Born in Birmingham to parents George Doughty (1884) and Selina Francis Ellis (1890), Doughty was educated at Brookfields School, Handsworth Technical School and Aston Technical College.  He left school at the age of sixteen and joined the General Electric Company, where he trained as a draughtsman, and joined the Association of Engineering and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen (AESD).

Prominent positions in the Trade Unions 
Doughty became prominent in the AESD through his contributions at its annual conference, in particular in convincing the union to campaign for a national minimum wage for under 25-year-olds in the field.  In 1946, Doughty began working full-time for the union as a divisional officer, and in 1952 he was elected as its general secretary, defeating the sitting assistant general secretary.

As leader, Doughty was associated with the union's left-wing, leading a number of strikes, with a particular focus on improving members' pay.  Doughty also served on the executive of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, and as its president from 1961 to 1963, and from 1968 on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress.

Doughty negotiated a merger between the union, by then known as the Draughtsmen's and Allied Technicians' Association (DATA), and the Amalgamated Engineering Union, DATA becoming its largely autonomous Technical and Supervisory Section, and Doughty continuing as the section's general secretary.

Retirement 
Doughty retired from his union posts in 1974, becoming chairman of the Economic Development Committee for Electrical Engineering, and serving on the Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth. In this same year he was awarded a TUC gold Badge at the Brighton Congress. In 1975 he declined a Knighthood (Knight Bachelor) in the New Years Honours list.

Doughty joined the Central Arbitration Committee in 1976 and he served as the industrial relations adviser for SIAD from 1977 until 1988, when he retired completely.

Personal life 
Doughty married Mildred Dawson in 1941 and they later had 2 sons, Royston and Peter.

In 1979 he wrote a short book called Inventions and How to Patent Them.

References

1911 births
1998 deaths
General secretaries of the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
Trade unionists from Birmingham, West Midlands
Robox. Robox is a non-linear side-scrolling game developed by DeShae Games in which the player controls the eponymous robot and explores the depths of an alien planet. Robox received bad reviews, with reviewers describing it as confusing and tedious, albeit visually pleasing. It was released onto WiiWare and was first sold on April 15, 2010.

Synopsis
The player character, Robox is a space probe sent to a mysterious island to investigate the disappearance of other probes.

Gameplay
Robox contains obstacles that can be traversed once they discover a certain item or ability, such as an arm that breaks blocks. This gameplay has been compared to the Metroid series. Each time the player acquires a new power, it must be unlocked by solving a puzzle within Robox's body. There are a total of three different planets in the game.

Reception
Robox received poor reviews, sitting at 50/100 on Metacritic. Nintendo Life gave the game 5 out of 10 stars and said "Robox is a game with some good ideas that unfortunately aren't capitalized on nearly enough", concluding that players expecting a straightforward game "will wander aimlessly, bemoaning the lack of a map and swearing intermittently." It also disliked the trial-and-error gameplay, writing that the "constant repetition of quite lengthy bits of gameplay can frustrate after a while." Nintendo-x2 gave the game 5.6/10, declaring that it "fails to provide much in the way of entertainment for anyone other than the most patient of gamer" and finding that it was highly repetitive, though it did reserve praise for the game's visuals. Eurogamer gave the game 4/10, describing it as "slow, clunky and tedious" and declaring that it had "dreadful shooting mechanics".

References

2010 video games
Action-adventure games
Platformers
Metroidvania games
Wii games
WiiWare games
Wii-only games
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Spain
Janet Sprintall. Janet Sprintall is an Australian-born oceanographer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. She specializes in inter-basin exchanges, and in particular in the Indonesian throughflow and dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current through the Drake passage. Sprintall studied barrier layers for her doctoral research, and as of 2016 is building on that work as a principal investigator with the NASA SPURS II project in the tropical Pacific. As an expert in Pacific Ocean dynamics, she has been highly cited. Sprintall provided plot advice for the TV series Lost.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American oceanographers
Australian emigrants to the United States
National Diploma in Technology. National Diploma in Technology (NDT) is a three-year full-time (two years course study followed by one year industry based work training) engineering program for technologists. At present it is conducted by the Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa.

History
The National Diploma in Technology (NDT) program is intended to generate Incorporated Engineers . It was established in 1893 at Ceylon Technical Faculty, Maradana, called a Junior Technical Officers (JTO) course. In 1960 this program transferred to the Institute of Practical Technology (IPT) at Katubedda (presently the University of Moratuwa) and to the Hardy Senior Technological Institute at Ampara. The Course was held inside the katubedda premises of University of moratuwa until it is moved to new premises of the Institute of Technology to Diyagama premises of University of Moratuwa.

Fields of Courses
Marine Engineering Technology
Nautical Studies &Technology
Chemical Engineering Technology
Civil Engineering Technology
Electrical Engineering Technology
Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering Technology
Mechanical Engineering Technology
Polymer Technology
Textile & Clothing Technology
Information Technology

Selection procedure
Selection for the NDT program is especially based on the performance (z score) that student done at G.C.E Advanced Level exam and Institute's general knowledge exam.

References

Educational qualifications in Sri Lanka
Professional titles and certifications
Vocational education in Sri Lanka
University of Moratuwa
Jemma Redmond. Jemma Redmond (16 March 1978 – 16 August 2016) was an Irish biotechnology pioneer and innovator. She was a co-founder of 3D bio-printing firm Ourobotics, developers of the first-ever ten-material bio-printer. Redmond designed a way of keeping living cells alive while printed using 3D printers, making her a leading figure in Irish science and technology.

Early life 
Born in Tallaght, South Dublin, Redmond studied electronic engineering before earning her undergraduate degree in applied physics at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen in 2002. She later returned to university, completing a master's degree in nano-bioscience at University College Dublin in 2012, along with qualifications in project management and electronic engineering. Her interest in nano-bioscience was sparked by an intersex condition that made her infertile. She started bioprinting by building her own devices in her kitchen.

Career 

A serial entrepreneur, Redmond created a company manufacturing vending machines in 2008, before co-founding Ourobotics in January 2015, with Alanna Kelly from Galway, Ireland, and backing from SOSV. Kelly resigned as director in July 2015.  Tony Herbert, entrepreneur and owner of technical optics company Irish Precision Optics, from Cork became a director of Ourobotics in August 2015 and the company moved to the optics company premises in Cork City. Redmond designed and marketed two bio-printers including, in 2016, a printer capable of printing human tissue, and at a much lower cost than previous bio-printers. Redmond's first device printed an extended finger, described by Pádraig Belton as "a gentle reply to those who had called printing organs of such complexity impossible."

In January 2016, the company won first prize in a prestigious international competition, Silicon Valley Open Doors Europe. The company was also selected as part of a start-up adoption program by Google.

Death 

Redmond died unexpectedly in August 2016. Her mother described it as a "tragic accident". She was described as a polymath, an inspiration and great friend. She was survived by her partner, Kay Cairns, a journalist and activist.

References

1978 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Irish LGBTQ people
21st-century Irish LGBTQ people
Biotechnologists
Intersex women
Irish intersex people
Irish women scientists
Irish LGBTQ scientists
21st-century women scientists
Women biotechnologists
Irish biologists
Alumni of Robert Gordon University
Alumni of University College Dublin
Accidental deaths in the Republic of Ireland
James Young (trade unionist). James Young (1 October 1887 – 16 July 1975) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician.

Young grew up in Edinburgh and attended George Heriot's School.  He completed an apprenticeship as an engineer and draughtsman with Brown Brothers, working there until 1918, when he relocated to Glasgow. He joined the Association of Engineering and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen (AESD), and served as its full-time assistant general secretary from 1920, also serving on the executive of the Labour Research Department. James Young had 2 sons James Maurice Young (circa 1921-2012) and David Storrie Young (who died in infancy)  In 1929, he moved roles, becoming a divisional organiser.

From 1932 until 1945, Young represented the AESD on the executive of the Scottish Trades Union Congress, and he served as its president in 1935/6 and 1944/5.  During World War II, he served on the Regional Production Board for Scotland, while in 1944 he was appointed to the Advisory Council of Education for Scotland and elected to the executive of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions.

In 1945, Young was elected as general secretary of the AESD, and in 1947 he was additionally elected as president of the International Federation of Commercial, Clerical and Technical Employees.  He stood down as general secretary of the union in 1952 to focus on his international post, relocating to London.

In London, Young became active in the Labour Party, and he stood successfully for the Woolwich East seat on London County Council in 1955.  He held his seat until the council's abolition in 1965, winning the Greenwich seat on its successor, the Greater London Council.  During this period, he chaired the education committee, in which role he acted as joint leader of the Inner London Education Authority.  He retired in 1967.

References

1887 births
1975 deaths
General secretaries of the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Members of the Greater London Council
Members of London County Council
People educated at George Heriot's School
Trade unionists from Glasgow
Trade unionists from Edinburgh
Theodosius Keene. Theodosius Keene, born in 1754, was an English architect who conducted most of his work in the south of England between 1770 and 1777.

Life and work 
Theodosius was born around 1754 as the son of notable English architect Henry Keene, famous for his Gothic Revival and Neoclassical buildings.

He designed Racton Monument around 1770, a red brick turreted folly in West Sussex, possibly built as a summerhouse for the nearby Stansted Estate. Racton Monument stands to this day, albeit a ruin. In 1777 he designed the  Maidenhead Guildhall, a replacement for the original medieval building which was constructed around 1430. It consisted of a council chamber, assembly room, a corn exchange, a lockup and also held a beer house called the ‘Fighting Cocks Inn’. The guildhall was demolished in February 1963 to make way for the Town Hall. It is also believed that in 1794 he completed Radcliffe Observatory, under the direction of James Wyatt, since his father died before finishing the building.

Gallery

References 

18th-century English architects
1754 births
Year of death missing
USS Mobile (LCS-26). USS Mobile (LCS-26) is an  of the United States Navy. Named for the city of Mobile, Alabama, she is the fifth ship to carry the name.

Design
In 2002, the United States Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships. The Navy initially ordered two trimaran hulled ships from General Dynamics, which became known as the  after the first ship of the class, . Even-numbered US Navy littoral combat ships are built using the Independence-class trimaran design, while odd-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the conventional monohull . The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the Independence-class design. On 29 December 2010, the Navy announced that it was awarding Austal USA a contract to build ten additional Independence-class littoral combat ships.

Construction and career 
Mobile was built in her namesake city by Austal USA. The Navy accepted delivery of Mobile on 9 December 2020, during a ceremony held at the Austal USA shipyards. Mobile was commissioned on 22 May 2021.

On 7 April 2024, Mobile conducted a joint patrol in the South China Sea with BRP Antonio Luna and BRP Valentin Diaz of the Philippine Navy, HMAS Warramunga of the Royal Australian Navy, and JS Akebono of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. This marked the first multinational patrol between the nations.

References

External links

Independence-class littoral combat ships
2020 ships
Information Innovation Office. The Information Innovation Office (I2O) is one of the seven technical offices within DARPA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense that is responsible for the development of advanced technology for national security. I2O was created in 2010 by combining the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) and the Transformational Convergence Technology Office (TCTO). The office focuses on basic and applied research in the areas of cyber security, data analytics, and human-machine symbiosis.

Organization 
The current I2O office director is John Launchbury, who joined DARPA as program manager in 2014 and was named director in 2015. Brian Pierce is the deputy director.

Programs

DARPA programs continually start and stop depending on national security needs and research results, and the high-turnover rate of program managers. Some programs within I2O's research areas are:

 Assured Autonomy (AA): Creation of technology for continual assurance of Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems. 
 Building Resource Adaptive Software Systems (BRASS): Creation of long-lived, survivable software systems that adapt to changing conditions on their own.   
 Cleanslate design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH): Development of software techniques that allow a computer system to defend itself from hacks.  
 Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) 
 Memex: Software that advances online search capabilities to extend into the deep web, the dark web, and nontraditional or multimedia content.
 Broad Operational Language Translation (BOLT): A program launched in 2011 to create automated translation and linguistic analysis.  
 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Create Artificial intelligence that can explain the decisions it makes.
 Plan X

References

External links
 

DARPA offices
Military units and formations established in 1958
1958 establishments in Virginia
Government agencies established in 1958
Ranger 23. The Ranger 23 is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull as an International Offshore Rule quarter-ton racer.

Production
The Ranger 23 was built by Ranger Yachts in the United States, starting in 1971. Manufacturing ended in 1978 and the design remains out of production.

A taller mast version was introduced in 1974 and remained available until 1978.

Design
The Ranger 23 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, with a 4:1 mainsheet, 2:1 outhaul, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. There are two jibsheet winches in the cockpit and a halyard winch located on the mast. The topping lift is internally mounted on the boom. The boat displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard fin keel and a hull speed of .

The boat is normally fitted with a small  outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The accommodations include berths for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin. The galley is located on both sides just aft of the bow cabin. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove to port and a sink and an icebox to starboard. It has a  capacity fresh water tank. The head is located in the bow cabin under the "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is .

Variants
Ranger 23
Standard model, produced from 1971-1978.
Ranger 23 TM
Tall mast version, produced from 1974-1978, with a mast about  higher. It has a PHRF racing average handicap of 231 with a high of 246 and low of 216.

Operational history
In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the Ranger 23 was one in a long series of designs Gary Mull produced for Ranger Yachts, then a division of Jensen Marine, builder of the Cal line of sailboats. In an interview we did with Mull in 1986, he maintained that each of his designs 'has to be good looking, and has to sail well. It has to have good balance, and it has to have an airy, bright, pleasant interior so you don't feel like you are going to jail when you go down below. It's got to have a comfortable cockpit where you can work the boat without bashing your elbows or tipping over or whatever. It's a boat that, if you want to cruise it for a while, you can do it by simply loading aboard the stores and some clothes, and just do it. If you want to race it, you can do that by off-loading some of the stores and gear and going racing. And, of course, it's not going to be a successful IOR boat, because it's not an IOR boat, but it's probably going to be a better cruising boat than 99 percent of the cruising boats on the market, which are caricatures of cruising boats.' The Ranger 23 appears to fit that description, Best and worst features: We think designer Mull summed it all up adequately. Case closed."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Gary Mull
Sailboat types built by Ranger Yachts