omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shaker tilting chair. The Shaker tilting chair  named for its ball bearing or ball and socket button mechanism assembled to the back two legs of a wooden chair  allowed a person to lean back in the chair without slipping or scraping the floor.

Description 
The device was a new practical way of being able to lean back without slipping while sitting in a common Shaker ladder-back wooden chair. It prevented damage to carpets and scraping the floors usually caused by the back legs of chairs when they slipped.

The main feature of the Shaker ladder-back chair was a tilting ball and socket joint mechanism installed on the bottom of the two rear legs to keep the leg bottoms level.
Normally the inflection of the chair feet edges into wooden floors would cause deep scratches and into carpets would cause puncture tear holes. The ball joint mechanism idea would prevent unnecessary punctures and stress to the chair components because the chair feet were kept level and flat even though the chair was tilted back.
Initially the swivel idea was developed using just wooden balls around 1834. It was later realized that this new concept for tilting caused major stress to the chair. More repair engineering work was required than initially foreseen. This was due to the weakening of the leg caused by drilling involved in installation of the wooden ball joint mechanism. Ultimately, the wooden ball concept was discarded and the production of this device ceased.

Brother George O'Donnell of Shaker Village in New Lebanon, New York came up with a strong metal attachment device in 1852. It replaced the wooden ball bearing that was inserted into the wooden legs and secured with a leather strap. The metal ball-bearing mechanism was patented by him. It consisted of brass ferrules and balls. It was a practical strong metal attachment to the back two legs of wooden chairs to allow the sitter to tilt back without gouging the floor. A version of O'Donnell's tilt device is still being used on chairs in the twenty-first century.

The Shakers manufactured the "tilting chair" for sale in the 1870s to people outside their community labeling them with "Shaker's Trade Mark, Mt. Lebanon, N.Y." which was the place of the Shaker Village in the state of New York.
The tilting buttons on the two back legs that made it a tilting chair were sometimes referred to as "tilters", "swiveling tilter" or "ball and socket feet" that allowed the flat underside of the foot to stay level when the chair was tilted back. In a catalog of New Lebanon Shaker chairs for sale it was an additional price of twenty five cents for button joint tilts to be added to a chair. It was noted by historian Kassay that the general philosophy of a diner "tilting chair" was out of place in the Shaker community, as Believers were not allowed the luxury of after-meal relaxation time.

References

Notes

Citations

External links 

Patent model chair for button joint tilters by George O. Donnel of New Lebanon, New York, 1852 

Chairs
Shaker inventions
19th-century inventions
André Sterling. André Sterling (March 30, 1924 - April 14, 2018) was a Belgian civil engineer, professor emeritus at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and academician of the Belgian Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences, the last Belgian federal academy.

Career 
Sterling was lead engineer during the works that have succeeded the floodings of 1953 (that were responsible for hundreds of death in the Netherlands and about 60 deaths in Belgium). He became director of the Belgian state hydraulic laboratory (once in Borgerhout, Belgium) and was the founder of the Walloon hydraulic laboratory and secretary general of the Ministry of public works.

His entire work is being digitized and will be put online under a CC BY-SA licence compatible with  Wikipedia in a Digithèque (much as Digithèque Pierre Gilbert) that will be inaugurated in Brussels on 5 December 2015.

He was a member of the Belgian Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences (ARSOM). and later became director of this Academy.

Sterling died on April 14, 2018.

References

External links 
 
 Floodings in The Netherlands in 1953

1924 births
2018 deaths
Engineers from Brussels
Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)
Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni
Belgian civil engineers
Hydraulic engineers
20th-century Belgian engineers
Scott W. Sloan. Scott William Sloan (2 July 1954 – 23 April 2019 was laureate Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Newcastle.

Education
Sloan was educated at Monash University where he was awarded Bachelor of Engineering and Master of Engineering degrees. He went on to study at the University of Cambridge where he was awarded a PhD in 1981 for numerical analysis of incompressible and plastic solids using finite elements.

Awards and honours
In 2009, Sloan was awarded an Australian Laureate Fellowship.

Sloan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015. His certificate of election reads:

Sloan was named as the Government of New South Wales Scientist of the Year in 2015 and gave the Rankine Lecture in 2011.

In January 2018 Sloan was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for " distinguished service to education, particularly in the field of geotechnical engineering, as an academic and researcher, to professional associations, and as a mentor of young engineers".

References

1954 births
2019 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Officers of the Order of Australia
Main Road Post. Main Road Post is a Russian visual effects studio headquartered in Moscow, Russia. As of 2022 the studio has gained international reputation (which continued despite 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine). The studio has worked on the visual effects for the largest-scale International films of the last decade.

It is best known for the visual effects of the film, Wanted,League of Legends, Stalingrad.

The studio was ranked 15th among the top 100 most influential animation studios.

Filmography

TV series

Games

References

External links

Visual effects companies
Class district. Class districts () were a classification system for railway goods wagons used by the  Deutsche Reichsbahn (1920–1945) in Germany between the wars.

After the Deutsche Reichsbahn had been founded in 1920, in 1921 all goods wagons types with the same or similar roles were grouped into so-called class districts. These were named after cities that were the headquarters of a Reichsbahn division or, later, other cities too. Work on re-lettering and renaming the wagons began in 1922 and was largely completed by 1924.

Legende:
S = State railways
V = Verbandsbauart
A = Austauschbauart
W = Welded

See also 
 Additional class districts from 1926
 Additional class districts from 1935
 Additional class districts from 1942

References 

Rail freight transport
Rail technologies
Rail transport in Germany
Robert G. Card. Robert Gordon Card (born February 1953) is an American businessman, engineer, and former government employee who served as the CEO of SNC-Lavalin, Canada's largest engineering and construction firm.

Early life and education 
Card was born to Brad, an engineer and farmer, and Dorothy Card in California. He grew up in Yakima, Washington and received a bachelor of science degree in civil engineering from the University of Washington. He then earned a master of science degree in environmental engineering from Stanford University. He completed the Harvard Business School Program for management development.

Career

CH2M Hill
Card's career began in the summer of 1975 as an intern at CH2M Hill, where he became a Group CEO, board member and the largest shareholder of the Denver, Colorado-based global engineering firm. At CH2M Hill, he was the sponsoring executive and deputy project director for the delivery partner for the London 2012 Olympics.

United States Department of Energy
From 2001 to 2004, Card served as the Under Secretary of Energy for Energy and Environment in the United States Department of Energy, where he was responsible for the Department's energy, environment and science portfolios with an annual budget of $14 billion and 65,000 federal and contractor employees. This tenure saw what was at the time record funding for renewable and carbon-free energy and research, accelerated progress in the environmental remediation of the Department's legacy sites and the completion of the original Human Genome Project, setting the stage for the next wave of major science projects.

SNC-Lavalin
From October 2012 to October 2015, Card served as the CEO of Montreal-based SNC-Lavalin to lead a recovery effort after the firm identified and reported ethics issues from the previous decade. He managed over 40,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenues, and initiated a revamp of the firm's governance, ethics and compliance program and transformed initiatives in health and safety, environment, sustainability and other aspects of corporate social responsibility. He also developed a strategy to maintain the firm's position at the top of the rapidly consolidating engineering and construction sector by selling interests in the firm's substantial infrastructure, power and mining assets to create global Tier-1 engineering and construction capability in oil and gas, mining, power and infrastructure.

Card was the CEO of joint venture Kaiser-Hill in the decommissioning of the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant.

He was ranked among Canada's 100 highest paid CEOs in 2015. 

Card was appointed a member of the board of Amec Foster Wheeler in 2017.

Personal life
Card's wife, Nancy, is an engineer who earned her MBA from Harvard University.

References

1953 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
People from Yakima, Washington
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Yakima Valley College alumni
Red Jet 6. MV Red Jet 6 is a high-speed Catamaran ferry constructed for Red Funnel in East Cowes on the Isle of Wight as the sixth member of the company's Red Jet line of catamarans.

Red Funnel announced in May 2015 that they had placed an order for the £6 million vessel with Wight Shipyard of East Cowes, making Red Jet 6 the first high-speed ferry built in the UK in 15 years. Red Jet 6 was constructed in East Cowes's former aircraft hangar, originally built for the Saunders-Roe aircraft company. She entered service in the summer of 2016.

Red Jet 6 is  long, with a passenger capacity of 275. She is powered by four MTU series 2000 diesel engines, each powering a waterjet for propulsion and steering giving  a service speed of , allowing a crossing time of 23 minutes. She can operate with one engine out with only a minor reduction in speed.

Red Jet 6 was named by the Princess Royal at a ceremony at East Cowes on 4 July 2016.

On 29 June 2017, Red Jet 6 set a new record for the circumnavigation of the Isle of Wight by multihulls, starting and finishing at the Royal Yacht Squadron starting line at Cowes, taking 1hr, 17mins, 17secs at an average speed of .

References

External links

Red Jet 6 Construction time lapse at East Cowes

Ferries
Individual catamarans
Ferry transport on the Isle of Wight
Ships of Red Funnel
2016 ships
Bilsam Aviation. Bilsam Aviation Industries Sp. z o.o. is a Polish aircraft manufacturer based in Poznań. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight aircraft in the form of plans and kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight and US light sport aircraft categories. The company also designs and builds its own aircraft engines.

The company is organized as a Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, a Polish limited liability company.

The company has a range of aircraft in its line, including the Bilsam Sky Walker I and Sky Walker II powered parachutes, the Bilsam Sky Walker paramotor and Bilsam Sky Cruiser and Bilsam Ultra Cruiser fixed wing microlights.

The company's website is non-functional and has been so since about 2008, so it is not clear if the company is still in business.  In 2007, four former importers of Bilsam aircraft merged to become BOT Aircraft, which went on to build the BOT SC07 Speed Cruiser based on the Bilsam Sky Cruiser.  However, there has been little activity from the company since 2014.

Aircraft

References

External links

Company website archives on Archive.org

Aircraft manufacturers of Poland
Companies based in Poznań
Ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Powered parachutes
Polish brands
Bilsam Sky Walker I. The Bilsam Sky Walker I is a Polish powered parachute designed and produced by Bilsam Aviation of Poznań. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The company's website is non-functional and has been so since about 2008, so it is not clear if the company is still in business.

Design and development
The Sky Walker I was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . It features a  parachute-style wing, single-place accommodation, tricycle landing gear and a single two stroke  Radne Motor AB engine in pusher configuration. The Bilsam TNA four-stroke engine is a factory option.

The aircraft carriage is built from a combination of composite material and steel tubing. In flight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has foot pedal-controlled nosewheel steering. The main landing gear incorporates spring rod suspension.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  without the engine fitted and a gross weight of , and a full fuel capacity of .

The Sky Walker I can be fitted with a choice of three wings, Matrix, Pelikan or Condor all manufactured by Bilsam.

The Sky Walker II is a two-seat variant with an enclosed cockpit.

Specifications (Sky Walker I)

References

External links

Sky Walker I
2000s Polish sport aircraft
2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Bilsam Sky Walker II. The Bilsam Sky Walker II is a Polish powered parachute designed and produced by Bilsam Aviation of Poznań. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Sky Walker II is very different from the company's Sky Walker I and was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a  parachute-style wing, two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration, tricycle landing gear and a single  Bilsam TNA 625 four stroke engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft carriage is built from a combination of composite material and steel tubing. In flight steering is accomplished via foot pedals that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. Unusually for this class of aircraft, the Sky Walker II has an enclosed cockpit. A variety of wings can be fitted.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for crew and baggage is .

Specifications (Sky Walker II)

References

External links

Sky Walker II
2000s Polish sport aircraft
2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Bilsam Sky Walker. The Bilsam Sky Walker is a Polish paramotor designed and produced by Bilsam Aviation of Poznań for powered paragliding. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The manufacturer's website is non-functional and has been so since about 2008, so it is not clear if the company is still in business.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration, or optionally a  Bilsam TNA 200 powerplant, intended for heavier pilots. As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot.

The aircraft is built predominantly from welded steel tubing, with different sized propeller cages available to accommodate different engine and propeller combinations. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (Sky Walker)

References

External links

Sky Walker
2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Lakeside EfW. The Lakeside EfW is located in Colnbrook, Slough. It incinerates residual waste, and since 2010 it has also been authorised to incinerate low-level radioactive waste.

Ownership
The Lakeside EfW is run by Lakeside Energy from Waste Ltd, which is a joint venture between Grundon Waste Management and Viridor. The energy-from-waste facility was established at a cost of £160 million and was officially opened by the Duke of Edinburgh on 27 October 2010.

Capacity
It is capable of processing 410,000 tonnes of residual waste annually and generating 37MW of electricity, enough to power the borough of Slough.

Possible relocation
In 2014, expansion plans for London's Heathrow Airport suggested that the super incinerator would need to be relocated to make way for a new runway.

References

External links 

 

Waste power stations in England
E.Deorbit. e.Deorbit  was a planned European Space Agency active space debris removal mission developed as a part of their Clean Space initiative. The launch was planned for 2025 on board a Vega launch vehicle. Funding of the mission was stopped in 2018 in favor of the ClearSpace-1 mission, which is now under development.

Overview
A  spacecraft was to be launched on board a Vega rocket into a polar orbit at an altitude of . Once on orbit, the spacecraft would rendezvous with the derelict satellite Envisat which is in an unknown condition, inoperative, and probably tumbling.

Capture would be conducted in one of two ways: either by using mechanical tentacles or nets. The tentacles option included equipping the spacecraft with robotic arms, one of which will first capture a holding point, before the remaining arms embrace the derelict and secure it with a clamping mechanism. The net option included equipping the spacecraft with a deployable net on a tether, that will envelop the target derelict before the spacecraft will begin changing orbit. The net option has the advantage of being able to capture objects with a wide range of sizes and spins.

After successfully capturing the targeted derelict, the spacecraft would deorbit itself, performing a controlled atmospheric reentry.

History
The mission was developed at ESA's Concurrent Design Facility, with studies for the Clean Space programme on de-orbiting techniques being carried out in 2009. The first symposium about the mission took place in May 2014. Early testing included successful attempts at capturing scale model satellites by shooting nets from compressed air ejectors. The first design stage was completed in June 2015, with a systems requirements review being conducted in May–June 2016 and a final mission approval taking place in December 2016.

See also
RemoveDEBRIS, a similar concept that combined four experiments for future Active Debris Removal technology: a net, a harpoon, a Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) system and a dragsail.
ClearSpace-1, the follow-up of e.Deorbit: a mission that will use e.Deorbit's tentacles option to capture the PROBA-1 satellite.

References

External links
 ESA Clean Space website
 Space debris removal mission ESA illustration
 Interview with Robin Biesbroek, e.Deorbit study manager

Space debris
Proposed European Space Agency spacecraft
2025 in spaceflight
Roger Powell (scientist). Roger Powell FRS, (born 14 June 1949) is a British-born Australian based educator and academic. He is Emeritus professor in the School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Melbourne.

Education
Powell was educated at Durham University where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1970. He went on to study at the University of Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1973 for research on mineral equilibria in the schist rock near Fort William, Scotland supervised by Stephen W. Richardson.

Awards and honours
Powell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015. His nomination reads: 

Powell, along with Timothy Holland of Cambridge University developed a widely used thermodynamic database for minerals and developed the THERMOCALC software to undertake calculations on geological material. The software and database are housed on the THERMOCALC website.

In addition to the above, Powell's was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2006.

His other awards include:

 the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland's Schlumberger Medal in 2007  
 the Norman L. Bowen Award in 2009
 the 2010 inaugural Ringwood Medal, Geological Society of Australia 
 the 2013 Jaeger Medal, Australian Academy of Science 
 the Barrow Award in 2021

References

Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
1949 births
Alumni of Van Mildert College, Durham
Bilsam Sky Cruiser. The Bilsam Sky Cruiser is a Polish microlight aircraft designed and produced by Bilsam Aviation of Poznań, introduced in the early 2000s. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft, as a kit and in the form of plans for amateur construction.

The manufacturer's website is non-functional and has been so since about 2008, so it is not clear if the company is still in business.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . With a Rotax 912 ULS engine it is an accepted US light sport aircraft  and also a Transport Canada accepted Advanced Ultra-Light Aeroplane.

Originally shown as a pusher configuration design in 2003, by 2004 the aircraft had been redesigned. In its production configuration the Sky Cruiser features a cantilever high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cabin with doors for access, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from composite material. Its  span wing mounts flaps and has a wing area of . The standard engine used is the  Suzuki automotive conversion powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot, passenger and baggage is .

The Sky Cruiser was redesigned by BOT Aircraft as the BOT SC07 Speed Cruiser.

Operational history
In June 2015 one example was registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration and two in Canada registered with Transport Canada.

Specifications (Sky Cruiser)

References

External links

Photo of a Sky Cruiser

Sky Cruiser
2000s Polish sport aircraft
2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
2000s Polish civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft