omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Brecknell Willis. Brecknell Willis is a Wabtec company headquartered in Chard, Somerset, South West England and brand-name of electrification equipment for railways, mostly pantographs and contact shoes.

History
Henry Brecknell and Sons began operating in 1854. In 1894, it moved into electrification. Since 1938 it has been in Chard, when known as Brecknell, Willis & Co. Ltd.

In 2023, site’s production facility was closed by Wabtec. The production was transferred to other Wabtec plants while the office in Chard will maintain its engineering, project management, and sales office.

Products
For the London Underground, it has supplied shoe gear and conductor rail systems, as well as pantographs to the rail industry.

Pantographs

Low height pantograph

The Brecknell Willis Low Height pantograph is one of the four standard devices in use on British railway locomotives and multiple units and is a development of the standard Brecknell Willis High Speed pantograph.  The Low Height pantograph is suitable for speeds up to . It has a small aerofoil mounted on the knuckle joint between the upper and lower arms.

High reach pantograph
Although it had been used on a few rapid transit systems and on a Blackpool tram, the first use of the high reach pantograph in the UK was the main lines was back in 1974 when a small number were fitted to some Class 309s based at Ilford EMU Depot. These continued to be used until around 1980 when they were all removed.

High speed pantograph
The High speed pantograph was designed during the late 1970s and early 1980s as part of ongoing research into developing a pantograph capable of speeds over the 100 mph (160 km/h) limit of the Stone Faiveley AMBR pantograph, which was the standard type in use at the time.  The first locomotive to be fitted with the pantograph was Class 86 No 86244, during February 1980.  The pantograph is the mainstay within the UK railway system, where it is used on most overhead electric locomotives and EMUs. It has also been exported across the world, being used on the US high speed train Acela and the Eurostar Class 373.

Gallery

References

External links
 Brecknell Willis
 Details of different UK railway pantographs
 Traintesting webpage on Brecknell Willis High Speed Pantograph development
 Traintesting webpage on Brecknell Willis High Reach pantograph development

Chard, Somerset
Tram technology
British companies established in 1854
Electrical engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Electric railways in the United Kingdom
Pantographs (rail)
Stargate YT-33. The Stargate YT-33 is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and intended to be produced by Stargate, Inc of McMinnville, Oregon, introduced in 1994. The aircraft is a 2/3 scale replica of the Lockheed T-33 jet trainer.

Listed as "under development" in 1998, the YT-33 was planned to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction, but it is unlikely any kits were ever shipped.

Design and development
The YT-33 features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-tandem enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single jet engine.

The aircraft is made from composite material. Its  span wing has a wing area of . The prototype uses a  thrust Turbomeca Marboré IIC jet powerplant.

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . The aircraft has a fuel capacity of  or  of Jet-A.

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off distance is  and the landing roll is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the proposed kit to be 3000 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that one aircraft had been completed and was flying.

On 18 April 2018 the one example that had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration was de-registered and the aircraft may not exist any more.

Specifications (YT-33)

References

External links
Video of the aircraft

YT-33
1990s United States sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Single-engined jet aircraft
Sonic Pi. Sonic Pi is a live coding environment based on Ruby, originally designed to support both computing and music lessons in schools, developed by Sam Aaron in the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in collaboration with Raspberry Pi Foundation.

Uses

Thanks to its use of the SuperCollider synthesis engine and accurate timing model, it is also used for live coding and other forms of algorithmic music performance and production, including at algoraves. Its research and development has been supported by Nesta, via the Sonic PI: Live & Coding project.

See also

 Pure Data
 Algorithmic composition
 List of MIDI editors and sequencers
 List of music software

Further reading

References

External links

Digital art
Computer programming
Live coding
Algorave
Free music software
Electronic music software
Free audio software
Free software programmed in Ruby
Audio programming languages
Software synthesizers
Raspberry Pi
University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
Caudron C.22. The Caudron C.22 was a French twin engine night bomber built in 1917. It did not reach production.

Design
The C.22 BN2 was based on the earlier Caudron C.21, but scaled up. The span was increased by 22%, requiring an extra bay and more powerful engines. The French BN2 military category specified a two-seat night bomber.

It was a four bay biplane, with fabric covered, constant chord, unswept wings with angled tips. The upper wing, which carried the ailerons, had a 7% greater span and a smaller chord. There was no stagger, so the sets of parallel interplane struts were vertical; flying wires braced each bay. Pairs of V-form engine bearing struts which supported the two rotary engines above the lower wing defined the inner two bays. It was designed to be powered either by a pair of  Le Rhône 9Jb or  Clerget 9B nine-cylinder rotary engines. Ailerons were fitted only to the upper wing.

The C.22's fuselage was almost flat sided, with a vertical knife edge at the short nose. The crew had an extended cockpit under the wing, with the pilot under the leading edge and the second member under the trailing edge which had a deep cut-out to increase the field of fire from his defensive machine gun.  At the rear the straight edged fin was long and low, carrying a straight edged, balanced rudder that extended down to the keel. An angular tailplane, mounted on top of the fuselage, had elevators with a cut-out for rudder movement.

The bomber had a tailskid undercarriage, with pairs of mainwheels on axles attached to longitudinal bars fixed under the engines on N-form struts. Its track was . The C.22 could carry six  and three bombs.

The military preferred the Breguet 16 and the Farman F.50 for the night bomber role and the C.22 did  not go into production.  In February 1919, immediately after the end of World War I, the French proposed a commercial passenger service between Paris and London, using the C.22 and a Farman Goliath but the plans were rejected by the British authorities.

Specifications

References

C.022
1910s French bomber aircraft
Biplanes
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Model 1. Model 1 may refer to:

 Austin Model 1, a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure in computational chemistry
 Boeing Model 1, a United States single-engine biplane seaplane aircraft
 Breese-Dallas Model 1, a prototype single engine airliner that rapidly changed hands throughout the 1930s
 Fleet Model 1, a biplane from 1928
 JSP model 1 architecture, a design pattern used in the design of Java Web applications
 Sega Model 1, an arcade system board released by Sega in 1992
 Smith & Wesson Model 1, an American revolver produced from 1876 through 1911

See also
 M1 (disambiguation)
 System 1 (disambiguation)
 Type 1 (disambiguation)
Model 2. Model 2 may refer to:

 Boeing Model 2, an American training seaplane designed in the 1910s
 Consolidated Model 2, a training airplane used by the United States Army Air Corps
 Data General Model 2, laptop by Data General
 Experimental Model 2 submachine gun, a Japanese submachine gun in service from 1935 to 1945
 Federal Signal Model 2, an outdoor warning siren produced by Federal Signal Corporation
 JSP model 2 architecture, a complex design pattern used in the design of Java Web applications
 Sega Model 2, an arcade system board by Sega in 1993
 Smith & Wesson Model 2, an American revolver produced from 1876 through 1911
 Type 92 Model 2 Fighter, an improved version of the Japanese Type 92 Fighter

See also
 Series 2 (disambiguation)
 Type 2 (disambiguation)
 M2 (disambiguation)
 MII (disambiguation)
Helium trimer. The helium trimer (or trihelium) is a weakly bound molecule consisting of three helium atoms. Van der Waals forces link the atoms together. The combination of three atoms is much more stable than the two-atom helium dimer. The three-atom combination of helium-4 atoms is an Efimov state. Helium-3 is predicted to form a trimer, although ground state dimers containing helium-3 are completely unstable.

Helium trimer molecules have been produced by expanding cold helium gas from a nozzle into a vacuum chamber. Such a set up also produces the helium dimer and other helium atom clusters. The existence of the molecule was proven by matter wave diffraction through a diffraction grating. Properties of the molecules can be discovered by Coulomb explosion imaging. In this process, a laser ionizes all three atoms simultaneously, which then fly away from each other due to electrostatic repulsion and are detected.

The helium trimer is large, being more than 100 Å, which is even larger than the helium dimer. The atoms are not arranged in an equilateral triangle, but instead form random shaped triangles.

Interatomic Coulombic decay can occur when one atom is ionised and excited.  It can transfer energy to another atom in the trimer, even though they are separated. However this is much more likely to occur when the atoms are close together, and so the interatomic distances measured by this vary with half full height from 3.3 to 12 Å. The predicted mean distance for Interatomic Coulombic decay in 4He3 is 10.4 Å. For 3He4He2 this distance is even larger at 20.5 Å.

References

Extra reading

Homonuclear triatomic molecules
Helium compounds
Van der Waals molecules
Allotropes
Ollie Luba. Oleh "Ollie" R. Luba is an American systems engineer, aerospace engineer, and program manager who was worked on the early development of the GPS III (Global Positioning System, Block IIIA). He was born in Logan, Philadelphia. He currently works at Lockheed Martin, and has for more than 28 years.

Education
Ollie Luba was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Luba graduated from Central High School, the second-oldest continuously public high school in the United States and one of the top high schools in the city and state. For college, Luba attended the University of Pennsylvania, and got a BSEE in Electrical Engineering. Thereafter, he went to Drexel University for two years to receive a MSEE in Electrical/Systems Engineering. In 1997, Luba went on to receive his master's degree in Technology Management (EMTM) from the University of Pennsylvania. He completed it in 2001.

Career
In August 1986, Luba began working at Lockheed Martin, then GE Aerospace, an American global aerospace, defense, security and advanced technology company with worldwide interests. He started working as an Associative Systems Engineer. He currently is a Principal Systems Engineer, and has worked at Lockheed Martin for over 28 years.

GPS III
Luba started working on the GPS III project in 2002 with his team, including Larry Boyd, Art Gower, and Jeff Crum. In 2005, completing their work, they wrote a paper, titled GPS III System Operations Concepts, which outlined the creation of the GPS III, its uses in the Air Force, connectivity worldwide, and continuation of the GPS project. For over 3 years, he and his team "analyzed potential operational concepts for the Air Force. The completed tasks support the government’s objective of a “realizable and operationally feasible” US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) concept of operations."

LM Wisdom
Starting in 2013, Luba moved on to his new major project within Lockheed Martin. He began and runs the project LM WISDOM® ITI (Insider Threat Identification), the industry leader in detecting and mitigating insider threats. It is a cyber-security platform that analyzes threats for organizations.
LM Wisdom collects and monitors information online, such as revolutions or political instability.

Personal life
Ollie Luba, born Oleh Rostyslav Luba, is ethnically Ukrainian and speaks both English and Ukrainian. Both of his parents were born in Ukraine. Luba is a member of Plast, the largest Scouting organization in Ukraine, and the Institute of Navigation (ION), a non-profit professional organization for the advancement of the art and science of positioning, navigation and timing. His interests include Biking, Skiing, and Golf. He resides in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania with his wife and two children.

References

External links

 GPS III System Operations Concepts
 Lockheed Martin (http://www.lockheedmartin.com)
 LM Wisdom (https://lmwisdom.com)

1964 births
21st-century American engineers
People associated with the Global Positioning System
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Drexel University alumni
Living people
Type 079 landing ship. The Type 079 landing ship (NATO reporting name: Yulian-class) was a class of landing ship medium (LSM) of the People's Liberation Army Navy. There are two subclasses of this type; 079I and 079II.

Background
The origin of the Type 79 series LSM dates back in the 1970s, when North Vietnam asked China to produce a landing ship capable of carrying around 200 tons of cargo with maximum speed of 12 kn, but more importantly, the manufacturing technique had to be simply so that it must be able to be built quickly in large numbers.

Type 079I
Design work by the 708th Research Institute for the Type 079 took more than two years, lasting from 1971 to 1973, and construction began in May 1974 at Guangzhou Shipyard International, and the first ship was launched on July 22, 1976. Due to changes in Sino-Vietnamese relations, the end customer became the PLAN instead of the Vietnam People's Navy. The ship entered PLAN service in October, 1976. This class received NATO reporting name Yulian-class. Trials between December 1972 to January 1977 revealed the performance was somewhat satisfactory, but the speed was slow and the ability to operate in bad weather condition was poor, with the maximum sea state allowed to operate being sea state 6. Work immediately began on a redesign named as Type 079II, while the first unit was subsequently named as Type 079I.

Type 79II
Shortcomings of the Type 79I LSM revealed in trials lead to immediate redesign named as Type 79II LSM, which was completed in October 1977. A total of 31 were built, including the conversion of the sole Type 079I to Type 079II standard. 26 were completed by Guangzhou Shipyard International, and 4 were completed by Xiamen Shipyard. Like its predecessor Type 079I, the Type 079II was also designed by 708th Research Institute. The main difference between 079I and 079II is that the latter is larger, with dimensions increased to 72 m x 13.8 m x 2.6 m respectively, and the displacement was increased to 833 tonnes. More complex machinery was added, which lead to the increase of crew members to 109, more than 3 times of that of the original Type 079I. The speed was also slightly increased to 13 kn. Armament was strengthened by the addition of two BM21 122 mm rocket launchers. Nearly three decades after production ended in 1983, most still remained in Chinese service, mostly in Chinese navy South Sea Fleet (PLAN SSF), though most of them were delegated to transport duties.

Ships of the class
All have been decommissioned.

See also
People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force

References

External links
PLAN landing ship classes - current and historic (haijun360.com)

Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Amphibious warfare vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Ibis GS-240. The Ibis GS-240 is a Colombian homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Ibis Aircraft of Cali. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The GS-240 is no longer offered by the manufacturer as part of their product line.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed as a light-sport aircraft, specifically for the American market and features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cabin accessed via doors, fixed tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from sheet aluminum "all-metal" construction. Its wing is supported by V-stuts and jury struts. The GS-240 was supplied as a quick-build kit, with most major fabrication completed prior to delivery to allow for quick assembly time.

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off distance over a  obstacle is .

As of April 2017, the design does not appear on the Federal Aviation Administration's list of approved special light-sport aircraft.

Operational history
In May 2014 no examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (GS-240)

References

External links
Photo of an Ibis GS-240

GS-240
1990s Colombian civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Theiss Sportster. The Theiss Sportster is an American homebuilt aircraft that was designed and produced by Theiss Aviation of Salem, Ohio, introduced in 1998. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The aircraft features a biplane layout, a single-seat, open cockpit, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The Sportster was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It was intended to resemble  biplane of the 1930s and mounts its upper wing not on cabane struts, but on a central pylon that has a tunnel to allow the pilot forward vision.

The aircraft is made with mixed construction, from aluminum, steel, wood and foam. Its  span wings have a total wing area of . The cockpit width is .

The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 400 hours.

The company later turned its attention to produce unmanned aerial vehicles for the US Navy and no longer produces manned aircraft.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that two Sportsters had been completed and were flying. Customer kits were forecast to start shipping in March 1998.

Specifications (Sportster)

References

Sportster
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
OREOcube. OREOcube (ORganics Exposure in Orbit cube) is an experiment designed by the European Space Agency (ESA) with the NASA that will investigate the effects of solar and cosmic radiation on selected organic compounds. It will consist in a 12-month orbital study of the effects of the outer space environment on astrobiologically relevant materials in an external exposure facility on the International Space Station (ISS).

The project was originally aimed to be launched in 2016, however as of 2024 it has not yet been launched  will examine the evolution of complex organic molecules in outer space, as well as the forms in which prebiotic organic compounds has been preserved. It will also study the role that solid mineral surfaces play in the photo-chemical evolution, transport, and distribution of organics. The principal investigator is Pascale Ehrenfreund.

Objective 
The objective of OREOcube is to investigate the influence of mineralogically relevant inorganic materials on the stability, modification, and degradation of the organic molecules during long-duration radiation exposure on the ISS.

Organic compounds, thought to be the starting material for prebiotic chemistry, could have partly had an extraterrestrial origin. This addition could have been done by bombardment by comets and meteorites, which contain organic molecules. (see also: pseudo-panspermia)

Spacecraft description 
OREOcube is packaged as an identical pair of  cubes, each weighing <2 kg and containing an UV-visible-NIR  spectrometer, a 24-sample carousel, and integral optics enabling use of the Sun as a light source for spectroscopy, along with the electronics and data storage to make each cube an autonomous stand-alone instrument package requiring only a standard power and data interface. Unlike other similar experiments, OREOcube will monitor changes in the UV/vis/NIR spectrum of the samples in situ at different times during their exposure to outer space. OREOScube will provide data sets that capture critical kinetic and mechanistic details of sample reactions that cannot be obtained with current exposure facilities in low Earth orbit.

Samples to be exposed include amino acids, sugars, small N-heterocycles, nucleobases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), redox molecules, and organosulfur compounds. The project examine photodissociation reaction rates, mechanisms, products and degradation of the organic molecules in the astrobiological context.

The project is currently being developed by the ESA with collaboration with NASA's Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) however no official launch date has yet been set.

See also 

 Abiogenesis
 Astrobiology
 Bion
 BIOPAN
 Biosatellite program
 EXPOSE
 List of microorganisms tested in outer space
 O/OREOS
 Tanpopo

References 

Astrobiology space missions
Panspermia
Cosmic rays
Space exposure experiments
Space science experiments
Track IQ. Track IQ formerly known as Trackside Intelligence, is an international manufacturer and supplier of railway equipment and services for the purpose of measuring operating conditions. After developing the RailBAM (Bearing Acoustic Monitor) and WCM (Wheel Condition Monitoring) systems, Track IQ formed a partnership with Siemens to install the systems in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe.

In October 2015, Track IQ was acquired by Wabtec.

Track IQ, is installing wheel bearing and tread defect detection systems at 20 sites on key railway routes across India. In 2017, Track IQ acquired Imaging Technologies, which enabled the supplier to boost its capabilities to accurately measure wheel profile, brake and brake shoe condition  FleetOne is a multi-sensor trending database product that extends the capability of the wayside monitoring hardware interface. The database integrates a range of wayside monitoring equipment data into a single system and facilitates vehicle monitoring and data mining via key vehicle metrics, which are delivered through a web-based application.

Global coverage
Although Track IQ operates out of Australia, more than 150 of their systems have been installed around the world. The company currently services 14 countries, including Australia, New Zealand, Brasil, USA, South Africa, Mexico, Ireland, Northern Ireland, India, China, UK, Belgium, France and Norway.

Awards
In 2014, Track IQ received the SNCF Innovation Award for its RailBAM (Bearing Acoustic Monitor) system, which detects damage to a train’s wheelset bearings at an early stage.

References

External links
 Track IQ

Companies based in Adelaide
Railway maintenance companies of Australia
Watco