omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
MV Empire Charmian. Empire Charmian was a  heavy lift ship which was built in 1943 by Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow in Furness. She was built for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). In 1951 she was sold into merchant service and renamed Vercharmian. After running aground in 1961, she was scrapped in 1962.

Description
The ship was built by Vickers Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched on 25 November 1942 and completed in March 1943.

The ship was  long, with a beam of  and a depth of . She had a GRT of 7,513 and a NRT of 5,133.

The ship was propelled by a 2-stroke Single Cycle Single Action diesel engine, which had three cylinders of  bore by  diameter. The engine was built by William Doxford & Sons Ltd. Sunderland.

History
Empire Charmian was built for the MoWT. She was placed under the management of the British-India Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Her port of registry was Barrow in Furness. The Code Letters BFDL and United Kingdom Official Number 167745 were allocated.

Empire Charmian was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War.

MKS 19
Convoy MKS 19 departed Tripoli, Libya on 21 July 1943 and arrived at Gibraltar on 28 July. Empire Charmian joined the convoy at Algiers, Algeria on 24 July. Records are unclear as to the eventual destination of the convoy. One source states that it arrived at the Clyde on 9 August. Empire Charmian was not listed in that part of the convoy.

MKS 23
Convoy MKS 23 departed Alexandria, Egypt on 25 August 1943 and arrived at the Clyde on 14 September. Empire Charmian joined the convoy at Malta and left it at Bizerta, Tunisia.

In 1945, Empire Charmian transported a number of TIDs to Hong Kong. In February 1945, she transported TID 124 from the United Kingdom to Hong Kong. In October 1945, she transported TID 122 from Singapore to Hong Kong, and TIDs 123, 129 and 130 from Manus Island, Admiralty Islands to Hong Kong.

In 1946, management of Empire Charmian was transferred to the Hain Steamship Co Ltd. In 1951, Empire Charmian was sold to Vergottis Ltd, London and renamed Vercharmian.

On 26 July 1960, crewmember Fernando Davila was injured when he fell through an open hatch on the forecastle of Vercharmian. He sued in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit claiming damages for injuries suffered when he fell through the hatch. The claim was denied and an appeal was unsuccessful. On 31 May 1961, Vercharmian ran aground off Mormugao, India. She was refloated, and sailed on 7 July but was discovered to be leaking and was beached in Mormugao Bay. She was refloated on 7 October and towed to Karachi, Pakistan. She arrived on 7 March 1962 at Chittagong, India for scrapping.

References

1943 ships
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in 1961
Enefit Solutions. Enefit Solutions (former names: Eesti Energia Tehnoloogiatööstus and Energoremont) is an engineering company in Jõhvi, Estonia. It is a subsidiary of Eesti Energia. The company designs and manufactures equipment in the fields of energy and industry and offers erection and maintenance services as well as comprehensive technological solutions.

The company was created in 1959 as Eesti Energoremont, based in Narva. It was the engineering and maintenance unit of the power generation industry in Estonia. Another predecessor of the company was the engineering and maintenance unit of the oil-shale mining industry, based in Jõhvi. This unit was later renamed AS Mäetehnika. In 2007, Eesti Energia merged these two subsidiary companies into Eesti Energia Tehnoloogiatööstus.  After the merger, the company continued to operate in two separate facilities in Narva and Jõhvi; however, in 2013 the Narva facility was closed, and all production was moved to Jõhvi.  In 2016, the company was renamed Enefit Solutions.

References

Technology companies of Estonia
Engineering companies of Estonia
1959 establishments in Estonia
Technology companies established in 1959
Ida-Viru County
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Antarctic Flight RAAF. The Antarctic Flight was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) aircraft flight. It operated from RAAF Base Laverton and Mawson Station. The flight was responsible for expeditions and rescue missions in Antarctica.

Two ski fitted RAAF Auster AOP.6 (A11-200 &  A11-201) were based at Mawson Station from 1952. On 5 March 1954, A11-200 was lost over the side of a ship. Later the flight included two DHC-2 Beavers and one Dakota aircraft. After 1963, the RAAF planes were withdrawn.

Following this time RAAF aircraft have continued to operate infrequently in support of activities in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. These have included a number of flights using C-130 Hercules in the 1970s and 1980s into McMurdo Sound and more recently C-17 Globemasters to Wilkins Aerodrome near Casey Station in late 2015 and early 2016.

Notes

References

RAAF independent flights
Aviation in Antarctica
Australia and the Antarctic
Military units and formations established in 1948
Military units and formations disestablished in 1963
1948 establishments in Antarctica
1948 establishments in Australia
1963 disestablishments in Antarctica
1963 disestablishments in Australia
Mexeflote. The Mexeflote is a landing raft used by the United Kingdom's Royal Logistic Corps and the Royal Australian Navy to move goods and vehicles between ship and shore. It was first used by British military in the 1960s.  It was used during the Falklands War, and has been used in humanitarian aid missions. The system was developed from the earlier to the Rhino ferry. The Mexeflote is named after the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) in the UK where it was designed, in conjunction with the neologism "flote" instead of float.

History
The Mexeflote was introduced to the UK military in the 1960s, and it subsequently saw service in the Falklands War, in which three units were used, including in Southampton, where they were used in loading the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and British Navy ships going to the Falklands.  Mexeflotes were used as causeways between ships in the open ocean, stores were driven between ships over a mexeflote causeway with Fiat Allis forklifts.  Sgt Boultby of 17 Port Regiment, RCT was awarded the Military Medal for using his Mexeflote to rescue survivors at Bluff Cove. 

In February 1983 a Mexeflote was used to move a Short Sandringham flying boat from Lee-on-Solent to Southampton docks from where it would then be moved to Southampton Hall of Aviation which was then under construction.

In 1994, the Army ordered an additional 50 units, and in 2000 they upgraded 60 of the rafts. The Mexeflote was used during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, to transport supplies to the remote Haitian village of Anse-à-Veau from .

Currently the rafts are crewed by the Royal Logistic Corps and they are largely used by the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's Bay class landing ships. As part of the Royal Australian Navy's acquisition of the Bay class ship RFA Largs Bay (renamed  for Australian service), two Mexeflotes were also acquired.

Design
Mexeflote is a powered raft (two diesel engines), used to move goods and vehicles between ship and shore when a pier is not available. The Mexeflote is designed in three sizes; 

Each version has three components; bow, stern, and centre, which can be fitted together as required, making the Mexeflote a versatile craft. The different sections allow it to be used as a raft, a floating pontoon, or as a causeway from ship to shore.

Mexeflote was the basis for the design of the Modular Elevated Causeway.

References

Further reading

Operational Testing of the Mexeflote Lashing and Launching System for Pontoon Causeways. - August 1970. Billie R. Karrh; James J. Traffalis; Naval Civil Engineering Lab.

Military vehicles of the United Kingdom
Amphibious warfare vessels of the British Army
Royal Logistic Corps
Slot insulation. Slot insulation is the common name for shielding material used for the rotor inside a power generator. The slot insulation process for electric motors provides a barrier between the copper wirings and the steel lamination for all stator, armature and rotor products. This shielding material separates the rotor's electrically conductive winding from its body.

Temperature ratings
Due to their operating environment, slot insulation must be capable of withstanding high temperatures. In the 1970s, slot insulation materials often had a Class F temperature rating (an operational range up to 155 °C). Today, there are commercially available slot insulation materials with a Class H temperature rating (an operational range up to 180 °C) Its composite of laminate materials, consisting of epoxy, aramid, and dielectric film, create its insulating properties.

Notes

References 

 Payne, B. (2010) The Unsung Hero of Power Generation? The Power Generation Blog. 
 Gerome Technologies Inc. Gerome Technologies U Slot Insulation
 Gibney, J. GE Generators, An Overview.
 PCT. Generator Rotor Slot Insulation.

External links
 Power and Composite Structures. 
 Example Slot Insulation Images

Electrical generators
Signal chain. Signal chain, or signal-processing chain is a term used in signal processing and mixed-signal system design to describe a series of signal-conditioning electronic components that receive input (data acquired from sampling either real-time phenomena or from stored data) sequentially, with the output of one portion of the chain supplying input to the next. 

Signal chains are often used in signal processing applications to gather and process data or to apply system controls based on analysis of real-time phenomena.

Definition
This definition comes from common usage in the electronics industry and can be derived from definitions of its parts:

Signal: "The event, phenomenon, or electrical quantity, that conveys information from one point to another".
Chain: "1. Any series of items linked together.  2. Pertaining to a routine consisting of segments which are run through the computer in tandem, only one segment being within the computer at any one time and each segment using the output from the previous program as its input".

The concept of a signal chain is familiar to electrical engineers, but the term has many synonyms such as circuit topology. The goal of any signal chain is to process a variety of signals to monitor or control an analog-, digital-, or analog-digital system.

See also
Audio signal flow
Daisy chain (electrical engineering)
Feedback

References

External links
Signal Chain Basics from www.planetanalog.com

Signal processing systems
Polhem Prize. The Polhem Prize (Polhemspriset) is a Swedish award for a high-level technological innovation or an ingenious solution to a technical problem. The innovation must be available and shown competitive on the open market.
The prize is awarded by Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers (Sveriges Ingenjörer) (formerly Civilingenjörsförbundet and Svenska Teknologföreningen)   The prize is named after  Swedish scientist, inventor and industrialist  Christopher Polhem (1661–1751).

Laureates

References

External links
Official website (in Swedish)
About the Polhem Prize (in Swedish)
All Winners of the Polhem Prize (in Swedish)

Swedish science and technology awards
Spectronic. Spectronic is a research and development company in Helsingborg, Sweden. Through its subsidiary, Spectronic Medical, the company is engaged in development of automated image analysis solutions for healthcare and medical industry. A flagship product is the technology for enabling fully MRI-based radiation treatment planning for tumor therapy.

Previously, Spectronic have developed and manufactured a series of advanced mobile telephones, and was one of the leading pioneers during the early days of modern mobile telephony.

Multimedia telephones 
  
Previous products include the Spectronic TS2000 Multimedia smartphone, which was initially released in the year 1999. This was the first mobile phone ever with a built-in digital camera. The TS2000 model was succeeded by the slightly upgraded TS2200 model in the year 2001, which was manufactured until the year 2004.

The Spectronic Multimedia smartphones had an input interface called Sidetouch, with which the user could control the entire phone only by touching on its sides. Other features of the phones included emailing, SMS, MMS, fax and a web browser.

NMT phones 
Prior to the Multimedia telephones, Spectronic manufactured a series of handheld phones for the analog NMT mobile network. These were sold both under the Spectronic brand name, but also under the Ericsson and Siemens brand names. The first Spectronic NMT, an incredibly durable phone, was released in 1989. Its successor, which was released in 1990, was the first handheld mobile phone which could manage simultaneous data and voice transmissions. It supported both fax and text messaging.

Awards 
Award received by Spectronic include:

The gold medal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 1995
The Polhem prize, 1992
The Export Enterprise of the Year in Sweden
The Electronic Enterprise of the Year in Sweden

References

External links 
Spectronic official website

Article in MobileMagazine about TS2200
Article in MobileMagazine about TS2200
Mobile phone test in Swedish newspaper Expressen
Article in Swedish magazine Dagens IT  about TS2200
Article in Swedish magazine Dagens IT about TS2200
Article in Swedish magazine Ny Teknik about Spectronic TS 2200 

Medical imaging
Mobile phone manufacturers
Medical technology companies of Sweden
Companies based in Helsingborg
20th-century establishments in Skåne County
Swedish brands
Fly Casting Analyzer. The Fly Casting Analyzer is a research tool for understanding fly casting, developed in 2003 by Bruce Richards of Scientific Anglers and Noel Perkins, a professor of engineering at the University of Michigan.

The Fly Casting Analyzer is a unique system that measures the casting stroke of an individual casting a fly line with a fly rod. A sensor attached to the reel seat measures your rod speed and a Palm pilot (or Palm cell phone) then records the casting signature. A Palm application immediately analyzes the casting signature by breaking it down into its major parts. By systematically measuring and analyzing fly rod motions that cannot easily be resolved by eye, the Fly Casting Analyzer provides new capabilities for teaching and learning fly casting.

How it works

The analyzer measures the most important part of a fly cast, rod rotation, which  is the rod angle change during casting. This is the only motion that is necessary to make a fly cast. How the rod rotates, acceleration, speed, deceleration largely determine the quality of a cast. If this motion isn't done well, an efficient, effective cast cannot be made.

A small rate gyro is enclosed in a capsule that is attached to the fly rod. Rate gyros measure angular rotation. The signal from the rate gyro is transferred via cable to a small data collection box that is held or clipped to the caster or instructor. A Palm Pilot is attached to the box and data collected in transferred to the Palm via infrared beaming. The proprietary software installed on the Palm crunches the data, turning it into a casting signature that reveals many things about rod rotation.

Commercialized
In 2005, Richards and Perkins commercialized the Fly Casting Analyzer with the formation of Castanalysis, LLC in partnership with Sage Fly Fishing. In 2005, Noel Perkins won the ispo-TUM Academic Challenge Award for the Fly Casting Analyzer. In 2006, the Fly Casting Analyzer was awarded an Editor's Choice Award by Fly Fish America.

See also
 Federation of Fly Fishers
 Casting (fishing)
 Fly rod

Further reading
 
 , illustrated fly casting guide by Winner of National, Great Lakes, Midwest, Michigan, and New York Fly Casting Championships.

Notes

External links
 Federation of Fly Fishers Certified Casting Instructor Program 

Fly fishing
Banalsite. Banalsite is a rare barium, sodium aluminium silicate mineral with formula: BaNa2Al4Si4O16. Banalsite is a tectosilicate of the feldspar group.

Banalsite and its strontium analogue, stronalsite (SrNa2Al4Si4O16), constitute a complete solid solution series. In addition limited solid solution with calcium exists between these and lisetite: CaNa2Al4Si4O16.

It was first described in 1944 for an occurrence in the Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Llanfaelrhys, Lleyn Peninsula, Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire), Wales. The name is derived from the chemical symbols of its composition. It has also been reported from Långban, Värmland, Sweden and from the Kalahari manganese field, Cape Province, South Africa. It has recently been reported from the nepheline syenites of the Zhidoy massif, Eastern Sayan, Siberia, Russia; the Prairie Lake complex of alkaline rocks and carbonatites, Superior Alkaline Province, northwestern Ontario, Canada; the Pilansberg peralkaline complex, South Africa; the Sakharjok alkaline complex in the Kola Alkaline Province, Kola Peninsula of northwestern Russia (the Gremyakha–Vyrmes peralkaline complex, and the Turiy Mys complex of ultramafic–alkaline rocks and carbonatites).

References

Feldspar
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 45
William Gianelli. William Reynolds Gianelli (February 19, 1919 – March 30, 2020) was an American engineer and public servant. He was the 3rd United States Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) from 1981 to 1984, serving during the Ronald Reagan administration.

Early life
Gianelli was born in Stockton, California in February 1919.  He was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, receiving a B.S. in 1941.  He then served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers from 1941 to 1945, in the midst of World War II.  In this capacity, he was involved in building airfields, water supply facilities, and other construction projects at installations in Hawaii, Saipan, Okinawa, and Korea.  By the end of the war, he had attained the rank of Major.

Early career
After the war, in January 1946, Gianelli took a job in the office of the State Engineer of California.  After ten years in that job, he left for the California Department of Water Resources, becoming staff engineer and special assistant to the director.  In 1959, he became district engineer for the CDWR's southern district.

In 1960, Gianelli left government service and formed a consulting engineering firm, Gianelli & Murray.

Government career
In January 1967, Governor of California Ronald Reagan appointed Gianelli as head of the California Department of Water Resources.  In that capacity, he oversaw the development of the California State Water Project.

Gianelli again left government service in 1973, becoming a consulting engineer.  From 1973 to 1976, he served on the National Commission on Water Quality appointed by President of the United States Richard Nixon and chaired by Nelson Rockefeller.

In 1981, President Ronald Reagan nominated Gianelli as Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works), and, after Senate Confirmation, he held this office from April 1981 until May 1984.  He was chairman of the Panama Canal Commission, the last four years under special Congressional Authorization.

Later life
Gianelli continued to work as a consultant after leaving government service in 1984. In 1997, he joined Dawson & Associates as an advisor on environmental permitting. He served there for more than a decade.

Gianelli was president of the Water Education Foundation, based in Sacramento, Calif., from 1985-1989. He made a major financial donation that helped the Foundation create an educational program for young professionals, which is named the William R. "Bill" Gianelli Water Leaders Class.

References

External links
 William R. Gianelli : The California State Department of Water Resources, 1967-1973 / an interview conducted by Malca Chall in 1985. Berkeley, Calif. : Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, 1986

1919 births
2020 deaths
American men centenarians
Reagan administration personnel
United States Army officers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army personnel of World War II
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Junior Engineering Technical Society. Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS) was a national non-profit organization based in the United States dedicated to promoting interest in science, mathematics, engineering,  and technology among high-school students. In 2011 the Test of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics, and Science (TEAMS) and Unite programs of JETS were acquired by the Technology Student Association

History 
The Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS) was established in 1950 with the mission to provide engineering education at the high school level in the same way that 4-H was designed for agriculture. The organization was formerly known as Better Engineering Talent for Schools (BETS) before its current name was adopted.

A key JETS activity was promulgating a standardized test to evaluate engineering aptitude in high school students, known as the "National Engineering Aptitude Search".  A student's score could be a credential for admission application to an engineering college.  The tests were administered by local JETS-affiliated engineering societies, who might also present awards to the top students.

Activities 

JETS hosts their annual TEAMS competition. TEAMS is an annual theme-based competition for students in grades 9-12, aimed at giving them the opportunity to discover engineering and how they can make a difference in the world. This competition is divided into two parts. The first part, lasting an hour and a half, has 80 multiple-choice questions. Each group of ten questions is related to a specific problem relating to the overall theme. The second part consists of eight open-ended tasks that are aimed at encouraging teamwork to develop the best answer. This competition is taken part by each participating school in a regional competition; the scores at that date determine the standings at the regional, state, and national levels. There are six school divisions, one home division, one group division, and two levels (9th/10th-grade level & 11th/12th-grade level).

Scholarships 
JETS, in conjunction with Power Engineering magazine, has annually awarded a $5,000 scholarship to at least one student to pursue a college engineering education since 2007.

Praise and awards 
In 2006, JETS was chosen as one of the "Best Practice" STEM education program for secondary schools by Bayer Corporation.

Publications 
Each month, JETS publishes a free e-newsletter available through their website.

JETS also publishes Explore, a magazine designed to inform students about potential engineering careers.

References

External links 
JETS website

Educational organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia
Organizations established in 1950
1950 establishments in the United States