omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Andreas Schwer. Andreas Schwer (born 1966) is a German manager. He was CEO of the state arms and military manufacturer SAMI of Saudi Arabia from 2018 to 2020.

Professional career 
Andreas Schwer studied aerospace engineering at the University of Stuttgart from 1987 to 1992. In 1995 he earned a Ph. D. in this subject with a research project at ESA from 2003 to 2004. From 1999 to 2000 he completed his master's in systems engineering at the Universiteit Delft while already working for Airbus.

Schwer initially worked for Airbus in the armaments and aerospace division from 1995 to 2005 and in the helicopter division from 2005 to 2008. From 2008 to 2012 he was CTO und Executive Vice-president at American crane manufacturer The Manitowoc Company and became managing director of Mantitowoc Germany in 2011. From 2012 to 2017 he was with Rheinmetall and board-member of the combat system division of Rheinmetall International. He supported the export of combat tanks to Turkey. The German government stopped and banned all arms exports to the regime in Riyadh in 2018 because of the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Nevertheless, Schwer could switch to Saudi Arabian Military Industries at the beginning of 2018.

Under the co-responsibility of Schwer SAMI aims to take over for a billion US dollars the South African armaments company Denel; including its shares in a joint venture with Rheinmetall. Rheinmetall production facilities in South Africa and Italy continue to supply SAMI with ammunition. According to German magazine Stern this deal amounts to more than 100 million euros per year.

The hiring of Schwer as a top manager by SAMI was part of a "small request" (Kleine Anfrage) of the member of Bundestag Sevim Dağdelen, Christine Buchholz, Klaus Ernst, Heike Hänsel, Andrej Hunko, Zaklin Nastic, Eva-Maria Schreiber, Kirsten Tackmann, Kathrin Vogler, Hubertus Zdebel and the parliamentary party Die Linke entitled "The Promised Export Stop of German Armaments to Saudi Arabia and the Role of Rheinmetall" in January 2019.

Schwer is chairman of the Australian metal 3D-printer manufacturer Titomic since July 2020.

Dr Schwer was appointed Group CEO of EOS (Electro Optic Systems) in August 2022.

Private life 
Andreas Schwer lived in Meersburg on Bodensee until 2017.  In Meersburg he was involved in as an organist in the Catholic parish of Mariä Heimsuchung.

External links 
 Andreas Schwer at bloomberg.com

References 

Living people
German chief executives
1966 births
MarinaTex. MarinaTex is a bioplastic material designed to serve as an alternative to single-use plastic in a variety of applications. It is translucent and stronger than LDPE plastic. This biodegradable bioplastic is made from red algae and organic waste from the fishing industry.  MarinaTex plastic takes between four and six weeks to decompose in a home compostable environment where the temperatures range between .

Inspiration 
MarinaTex was created by Lucy Hughes, product designer graduate from the University of Sussex, as a final year project. Hughes's main inspiration came from the claim that "by 2050 there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish by weight,” and therefore, developed the interest to solve this problem. However, Hughes explains that her journey didn't start with the plastic problem, but by looking into the fishing industry.  An estimated 492,020 tonnes of fish waste are produced by the fish processing industry yearly in the UK and it is considered a huge and inefficient waste stream with low commercial value. Therefore, Hughes developed this bioplastic that is made from materials that are usually thrown away.

Design process 
The development of the product began at MCB Seafoods, a fish-processing plant and wholesaler, where Hughes was able to identify a variety of waste streams to work with including offal, blood, crustacean and shellfish exoskeletons, and fish skins and scales. After some research, Hughes found that the fish skins and scales had the most potential due to their flexibility and strength-enabling proteins.

By utilising open source resources, Hughes started investigating various organic binders from the sea such as chitosan and agar (from the agar red algae). However, it took multiple experiments to refine the material and process.

Hughes also highlights that the whole production process is relatively low-tech since it was made in her kitchen. Unlike some plastics that requires at least  in its production, MarinaTex uses temperatures below .

Recognition
In 2019, Hughes received the James Dyson Award, which is given to design and engineering students who develop products that solve problems.

References 

Bioplastics
Bader Al-Kharafi. Bader Nasser Al-Kharafi (; born 17 August 1977) is a businessman from Kuwait. He holds the positions of Vice Chairman and Group Chief Executive Officer at Zain Group, a telecommunications company based in Kuwait.

In 2018, he was ranked as one of the 100 most influential Arabs list by Arabian Business.

Early life and education
Al-Kharafi was born on 17 August 1977. He received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Kuwait University in 2002. In 2016, he completed his MBA from London Business School.

Career
After graduation, Al-Kharafi joined Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC). He joined M.A & Al-Kharafi group in 2002 and started working as a Coordination Engineer. He currently holds senior management positions at Gulf Bank of Kuwait, Foulath Holding, Diamond International Motors, and Gulf Cable & Electrical Industries.

After the death of his father, Nasser Al-Kharafi, he assumed the directorship of the Al Kharafi groups' executive committee in 2012.

In early 2014, he joined the Middle East Advisory Board of Coutts. In the same year, Zain KSA, a subsidiary of Zain Group appointed Al-Kharafi as its Vice Chairman.

In 2017, Al-Kharafi became the CEO of Zain Group, replacing the Scott Gegenheimer.

In February 2019, he became the Chairman of the Board of the Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Nomination and Remuneration Committee of Boursa Kuwait, the country's stock exchange.

In September 2019, BNK Automotive, owned by Al-Kharafi, entered into a new agency agreement with Volvo, making it the exclusive importer of Volvo Cars in Kuwait. In November 2019, Al-Kharafi acquired a controlling interest in Gulf Cable, securing 29 percent of the company's shares in a deal valued at approximately US$500 million.

Awards and recognition

 In 2014, Al-Kharafi has been featured in the World's 100 Most Powerful Arabs 2014 by Gulf Business.
 In 2015, Al-Kharafi ranked as one of the Most Powerful Young Arabs Under 40 in Arabian Business.
 In 2017 and 2018, Al-Kharafi was listed in the 100 World's Most Influential Arabs feature by Arabian Business.

Philanthropy
Al-Kharafi is associated with Kuwait Food Bank which is involved in providing nutritious meals to the poor in Kuwait and creating public awareness on lessening food waste. More than 5,700 Kuwaiti families are said to have benefited from this initiative. The food bank also provides skills and training to the members of poor families so that they can find decent employment in Kuwait.

He offers support and guidance to Kuwaiti youth through INJAZ Kuwait.

Additionally, the recent launch of WE ABLE in the year 2019, Al-Kharafi is leading Zain's Disability Inclusion Program which aims to position Zain Group as Disability Inclusive by 2022.

References

Kuwaiti businesspeople
Kuwaiti billionaires
Kuwaiti Sunni Muslims
20th-century Kuwaiti businesspeople
1977 births
Alumni of London Business School
Living people
ČD Class 340. The ČD Class 340 is a multisystem electric locomotive, designed for use between the Czech Republic and Austria. A total of three locomotives were rebuilt from the earlier 240 class. Since 2007, all three have been allocated to ČD Cargo.

History 
When the railway from Horní Dvořiště, in the Czech Republic to Summerau, in Austria, was electfied, this left ČD with a problem. They owned no locomotives that could operate on both the Czech 25 kV 50 Hz electrification, and the Austrian 15 kV 16.7 Hz electrification. This left ČD having to use ČD 771 class diesel locomotives on these trains. It was decided to convert the 340 class from the 240 class, due to a shortage of the originally intended 163 class.

References

Bibliography 
 

Škoda locomotives
Electric locomotives of the Czech Republic
Bo′Bo′ electric locomotives of Europe
Saleh bin Nasser Al-Jasser. Saleh bin Nasser Al-Jasser (born 25 October 1965) is Saudi Arabia's Minister of Transport, appointed by a royal decree on 23 October 2019.

Education and career 
Al-Jasser holds a bachelor's degree from King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah in Industrial Engineering. He also obtained both a master's degree and  MBA from King Saud University in Riyadh. 

He was the director-general of Saudi Arabian Airlines from August 2014 to October 2019. He also was chief executive officer of National Shipping Co of Saudi Arabia from November 2010 to June 2014. Previously, he has been on the board of the Saudi Research and Marketing Group, Arabia Insurance Cooperative, Etihad Etisalat Co, Saudi Airlines Catering Co, and Saudia Aerospace Engineering Industries.

See also 
 Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia
 Ministry of Transport (Saudi Arabia)

References

1965 births
Living people
21st-century Saudi Arabian politicians
21st-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
Transport ministers of Saudi Arabia
King Saud University alumni
King Abdulaziz University alumni
Saudi Arabian chief executives
Place of birth missing (living people)
LFG V 18 Sassnitz. The LFV V 18 Sassnitz was a German flying boat able to hold up to eight passengers. Only one is known to have flown.

Design and development

The largely metal LFG V 18 Sassnitz flying boat, named after the town on Germany's north-eastern, Baltic coast, was an enlarged, more powerful development of the LFG V 8 Bärbel. It was a three bay biplane with slight forward stagger, its wings braced together with three pairs of parallel, forward leaning interplane struts on each side. The lower wing was in two parts and mounted on top of the fuselage. Both thin-section wings were rectangular in plan out to blunted tips, with outboard ailerons vertically interconnected by a streamlined linking strut. Its wingtip floats had completely enclosed streamlined mountings below the outer wings.

It was powered by an uncowled, pusher configuration, water-cooled Mercedes D.IIIa engine which was strut-mounted from the fuselage just under the upper wing, its two-bladed propeller behind the upper trailing edge and above the lower.

Like the V 8, the V 18 had a rectangular cross-section fuselage, slender behind the wings and curving upwards to the tail. Its longer forward fuselage allowed a raised enclosed cabin with four windows on each side, seating either four or eight passengers. The pilot had an open cockpit, raised up behind the cabin. The tail was very similar to that of the V 8a, all its surfaces rectangular apart from a little rounding of the upper leading edge of the fin, which carried a balanced rudder. The tailplane was high on the fin and braced from below with a single strut on each side. Balanced elevators pivoted on the rudder post.

The V 18 was LFG's first all-metal aircraft. They also offered a wooden version with similar power and weight.

Operational history

The prototype was briefly flown over the Baltic and also provided sightseeing trips.

In July 1921 LFG reported that they had built two V 18s, one metal and the other wood, and that these were now stored following Allied restrictions on German aircraft construction after World War I. It is not known if the latter flew.

Specifications

References

Flying boats
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
1920s German airliners
LFG aircraft
Ocean Freedom. The Ocean Freedom is a multi-purpose dry cargo ship, commissioned in 2010.

She was damaged in a collision with a barge in the Port of Corpus Christi, Texas, on October 29, 2015.  Damage totalled $750,000.

She carried two former United States Coast Guard cutters to Odesa, to serve in the Ukrainian Navy, in October 2019.

References

External links

Cargo ships of the United States
Methoxymethanol. Methoxymethanol is a chemical compound which is both an ether and an alcohol, a hemiformal. The structural formula can be written as CH3OCH2OH. It has been discovered in space.

Formation
Methoxymethanol forms spontaneously when a water solution of formaldehyde and methanol are mixed. or when formaldehyde is bubbled through methanol.

In space methoxymethanol can form when methanol radicals (CH2OH or CH3O) react. These are radiolysis products derived when ultraviolet light or cosmic rays hit frozen methanol.

Methanol can react with carbon dioxide and hydrogen at 80°C and some pressure with a ruthenium or cobalt catalyst, to yield some methoxymethanol.

Properties
Different conformations of the molecule are Gauche-gauce (Gg), Gauche-gauce' (Gg'), and Trans-gauche (Tg).

References

Ethers
Primary alcohols
SADP. SADP may refer to :

Science and Technology
Self-Aligned Double-Patterning, a Multiple patterning technique used in semiconductor manufacturing
Selected Area Diffraction Pattern, the pattern of spots in Selected area diffraction
sADP, "slow after depolarizing current", an experimental response of Neurons

Other
El Palomar Airport, Argentina - ICAO code SADP
The School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), former name of the University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning
The Socialist Alliance Democracy Platform, a left wing electoral alliance in England (1992-2005)
James Stone (physicist). James McLellan Stone is an American astrophysicist who specialises in the study of fluid dynamics. He is currently a faculty member at the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study. Stone is also the Lyman Spitzer Jr. Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics, emeritus, and professor of astrophysical sciences and applied and computational mathematics, emeritus, at Princeton University.

Biography
He studied at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, where he was awarded B.Sc. in 1984 and an M.Sc. in 1986. He was awarded a Ph.D. in 1990 by the University of Illinois.

During his academic career, he held academic positions at the University of Cambridge and the University of Maryland before accepting his position at Princeton University.

At Princeton his research concentrated on the application of large-scale numerical simulations to study the gas dynamics in a range of astrophysical systems, from protostars to clusters of galaxies. These studies necessitated the development of advanced numerical algorithms which could be run on advanced computers.  Together with Michael Norman, he developed the original ZEUS code to analyse astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and later, with other collaborators, developed Athena, a high-order Godunov scheme for astrophysical MHD that uses the recently developed technique of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). Both these public codes are now widely used in astrophysics.

Honors and awards
2011 Awarded the Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics
2013 Elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society
2018 Awarded the Brouwer Award (Division on Dynamical Astronomy) from the American Astronomical Society
2020 Elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2020.
2020 Elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society.
2024 James Craig Watson Medal

References

External links
 Scholarpedia article by James M. Stone

Date of birth unknown
Living people
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
University of Illinois alumni
Princeton University faculty
American astrophysicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Institute for Advanced Study faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Astronomical Society
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ferry Street Bridge (Buffalo). The Ferry Street Bridge was constructed across the Black Rock Canal, in Buffalo, New York, in 1913.

The bridge is a bascule bridge, a kind of lift bridge, built by the Strauss Bascule Bridge Company, and is considered a rare and historic design.

The bridge underwent a rebuild from 2014 to 2016.  The rebuild cost $8 million.

References    

Bridges in Buffalo, New York
Bascule bridges in New York (state)
Johan Adrianus Gerard van der Steur. Johan Adrianus Gerard (J.A.G.) van der Steur (30 October 1865 – 7 February 1945) was a Dutch architect and professor at the Delft Technical University, of which he was rector magnificus in the year 1922–1923.

Life and work 
Van der Steur was born in Haarlem where his father, Ad van der Steur, worked as an architect. Between 1983 and 1988 he studied architectural engineering at the Polytechnic School of Delft, where he was also taught by Eugen Gugel.

After graduating he travelled Europe and, after returning to Haarlem, he started working at his father's office. From 1907 to 1913 he was the architect in charge of reviewing and realising Louis M. Cordonnier's design for the Peace Palace in The Hague. Van der Steur also designed the Municipal Theatre of Haarlem, a building for the Faculty of Architecture in Delft, Pander & Son's factories in The Hague and a building for De Nederlandsche Bank in Leiden.

In 1914 he was hired by the Delft Technical University as a substitute professor for Henri Evers. In 1917 he became a regular professor. From 1916 to 1924 he was the head of the board of directors of the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague. From 1922 to 1923 he was director of the Delft Technical University.

References 

20th-century Dutch architects
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague
1865 births
1945 deaths
DRDO Floating Test Range. Floating Test Range (FTR) is a ship designed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation of India which will serve as a missile testing range.

Description

Characteristics 
The Floating Test Range (FTR) is a ship designed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation which is expected to serve as a testing range for missiles. It has a displacement of  and a length of  with a width of . The ship is equipped with an Electro-optical missile tracking system, a S-Band radar, and tracking and telemetry systems. Facilities such as a Launch pad, a Mission control center and a Launch control centre are also present.

The FTR will capable of launching missiles with ranges up to around .

Purpose 
The FTR will enable DRDO to overcome some of the disadvantages of testing missiles from the Wheeler Island. It will enable testing of missiles at different trajectories and altitudes and various ranges by avoiding landmass and sea-lanes related constraints. Since missile testing from the FTR can be performed in the ocean, minimal safety precautions will be required. This will facilitate faster development of missile projects since advanced warnings and notices to ships and planes would not be required, and will minimise the risk of civilian damage.

The FTR is expected to facilitate the development of the Phase-II of the Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme.

Construction 
Construction work on the ship started in 2015 and was initially expected to be completed within 3–4 years. As of October 2019, the ship is expected to be fully ready by 2020.

See also 

 Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme

References 

Defence Research and Development Organisation
Glacier head. A glacier head is the top of a glacier. Although glaciers seem motionless to the observer they are in constant motion and the terminus is always either advancing or retreating.

On a glacier, the accumulation zone is the area above the firn line, where snowfall accumulates and exceeds the losses from ablation, (melting, evaporation, and sublimation). The annual equilibrium line separates the accumulation and ablation zone annually. The accumulation zone is also defined as the part of a glacier's surface, usually at higher elevations, on which there is net accumulation of snow, which subsequently turns into firn and then glacier ice. Part of the glacier where snow builds up and turns to ice moves outward from there.

The glacier head is the highest upslope edge of an alpine glacier or the upslope end of the zone of accumulation.  The head of the glacier comes up against a steep bedrock cliff called a cirque headwall

Movement and ice loss

The head can come away from the cirque in a downslope movement which can create a large crevasse called a bergschrund. This crevasse can be a major obstacle for mountaineers. The existence of a bergschrund is evidence that ice mass has pulled away from the cirque.

A shrinking glacier thins faster near the terminus than near the head, which explains why glaciers retreat up-valley and the glacier head stays in place

The speed of erosion or accumulation is partly dependent on a shape factor which is the ratio of the change in thickness at the glacier head to the change in the thickness at the terminus.

Notes

attribution:Contains text copied from Accumulation zone and Bergschrund and Terminus.

Glaciers
Gareth H. McKinley. Gareth Huw McKinley  is Professor of Teaching Innovation in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Education
McKinley was educated at the University of Cambridge where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree followed by a Master of Engineering (MEng) degree as a student of Downing College, Cambridge. He moved to America to complete his PhD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology supervised by Robert C. Armstrong.

Research and career
McKinley's work focuses on understanding the rheology of complex fluids such as surfactants, gels and polymers, which are ubiquitous in foods and consumer products. His research interests include non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, microfluidics, extensional rheology, field-responsive materials, super-hydrophobicity and the wetting of nanostructured surfaces.

McKinley served as director of MIT's program in polymer science & Technology  (PPST)- now Program in Polymers & Soft Matter (PPSM) - from 2004-2009. McKinley is also co-founder of Cambridge Polymer Group, a Boston-based company employing 20 people and specializing in bespoke instrumentation, materials consulting and orthopedic polymeric materials.

Awards and honours
McKinley was awarded the 2013 Bingham Medal from the Society of Rheology and the 2014 Gold Medal of the British Society of Rheology. He served as editor of the Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (JNNFM)  from 1999 to 2009.
 A passionate educator, he has won the Bose Award for Teaching and the Jacob Pieter Den Hartog Outstanding Educator Award from MIT. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering of the United States in 2019.

References

Fellows of the Royal Society
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni