omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Memory Reference Code. The Memory Reference Code (MRC) is a fundamental component in the design of some computers, and is "one of the most important aspects of the BIOS" for an Intel-based motherboard. It is the part of an Intel motherboard's firmware that determines how the computer's memory (RAM) will be initialized, and adjusts memory timing algorithms correctly for the effects of any modifications set by the user or computer hardware.

Overview 

Intel has defined the Memory Reference Code (MRC) as follows:

The MRC is responsible for initializing the memory as part of the POST process at power-on. Intel provides support in the MRC for all fully validated memory configurations. For non-validated configurations, a system designer should work with their BIOS vendor to produce a working MRC solution ... The MRC in the system BIOS needs to know the specification of the attached system memory. Most of this info should be contained in the onboard SPD. With this in mind care needs to be taken when programming the appropriate values into the SPD [the part of a memory module that contains its operating requirements and specification]. A system designer should work with their memory and BIOS vendors to implement a suitable SPD programming.

As such, the MRC is a part of the BIOS (or firmware) of an Intel motherboard. George Chen, a research and development (R&D) director at ASUS, described it in 2007 as follows:
The MRC is part of reference BIOS code, which relates to memory initialization in the BIOS. It includes information about memory settings, frequency, timing, driving and detailed operations of the memory controller. The MRC is written in a C-language code, which can be edited and compiled by board makers. It provides a space to develop advanced features, and the ability to tune memory. We try to look into [Intel's] Memory Reference Code to try to understand its behaviour ... Sometimes, there are some remarks inside the source code, while on other occasions, we just try to change the arguments to see what effect it has. If we take the time to understand the MRC then we can get more out of it. If we put in more effort than our competitors, we can find more information.

The MRC usually only provides support for industry-standard memory configurations. For instance, under a 1,066MHz FSB, the only choices regarding memory speed in the MRC are DDR2-667 and DDR2-800. We have to provide additional choices. For people who want higher memory frequency, we used the setting of 800MHz FSB:DDR2-800 in MRC, but overclocked it to work with a 1,066MHz FSB, so we could implement support for DDR2-1066.

The article author describes the MRC as "One of the most important aspects of the BIOS for an Intel board" and the reason why "one [board might be] a brilliant overclocker and another [is] as stable as a plate of jelly on a bouncy castle"; adding that "When you're overclocking, you're literally running clocks faster than normal. Working out the effect of this on the various different components on the board is a task that a good BIOS must be able to handle."

See also 
 AGESA

References

BIOS
TAI Keklik. TAI Keklik is a radio-controlled tracking target drone introduced in 2001. Designed, developed and built by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is in use by the Turkish Armed Forces for target tracking in non-firing gunnery exercises.

Keklik is the Turkish word for "partridge". TAI produces other UAVs named after birds.

Overview
The Research and Development Department of the Turkish Ministry of National Defence awarded a contract to TAI in August 1995 for the development of a low-cost training target drone for use by the Turkish Army and Navy in target tracking and non-firing gunnery exercises with anti-aircraft guns; and with radar-guided and heat-seeking anti-aircraft missiles. It was also intended for training the operators of the much larger TAI Turna target drone.

Development
The Keklik prototype was completed in July 1997, and it went in production in late 1999. Since November 2001, the Keklik has been in the inventory of the Turkish Air Force and Turkish Army.

The Keklik is propelled by an OS-MAX 91 FX two-stroke engine developing , produced by German company Graupner GmbH. The delta-winged, robust and simple UAV takes off from a manually operated bungee catapult, and is recovered by a remotely controlled parachute on land or sea. The drone can be re-launched in 15 minutes. The tractor type aircraft is made of composite material and painted in bright colors for easy visibility.

Specifications

References

Target drones of Turkey
Keklik
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Delta-wing aircraft
2000s Turkish military aircraft
Ralph H. Kress. Ralph H. Kress (July 10, 1904 – June 28, 1995) was an engineer who has been credited with designing off-road mining trucks.  He was inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame, who referred to him as "The Father Of The Off-Highway Truck", in 2001.

Kress attended night school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1933 through 1939, receiving an engineering degree.  After working for General Motors, he was commissioned in the Transportation Corps in March 1943, and later received the Legion of Merit.

In 1950, he became general manager of Dart Truck Company.  By being first to use exclusively power steering on a truck, he created larger trucks, such as the Dart 75-TA.  He joined Wabco (Haulpak) in 1955, and Caterpillar Inc. in 1962, retiring in 1969.  He then joined Kress Corporation, his son's company, and developed further trucks, including one with 90-degree steering capability.

References

1904 births
1995 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
American mechanical engineers
Caterpillar Inc. people
History of mining
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Mining engineers
People from Peoria, Illinois

Engineers from Massachusetts
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Engineers from Illinois
20th-century American engineers
Khodiyar Dam. The Khodiyar Dam is a dam built on Shetrunji River in Gujarat in western India. The primary purpose of the dam is to provide water for irrigation. It was completed in 1967 and a canal off the reservoir's right bank was completed the next year. The  tall earthen dam has a concrete gravity section which serves as the service spillway and an emergency spillway is located on its right bank.

References 

Dams in Gujarat
Dams completed in 1967
Amreli district
1967 establishments in Gujarat
20th-century architecture in India
Martijn Koster. Martijn Koster (born ca 1970) is a Dutch software engineer noted for his pioneering work on Internet searching.

Koster created ALIWEB, the Internet's first search engine, which was announced in November 1993 while working at Nexor and presented in May 1994  at the First International Conference on the World Wide Web.  Koster also developed ArchiePlex, a search engine for FTP sites that pre-dates the Web, and CUSI, a simple tool that allowed you to search different search engines in quick succession, useful in the early days of search when services provided varying results.

Koster also created the Robots Exclusion Standard.

References

Living people
Dutch software engineers
Dutch computer scientists
1970 births
TAI Pelikan. TAI Pelikan, aka IHA-X2, is a radio-controlled reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition drone. Designed, developed and built by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI), the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a half scale model of the tactical drone TAI Baykuş air platform.
It was produced as a training and bridge platform to the TAI Baykuş.

Pelikan is the Turkish word for species pelican. TAI has some other UAV's named after birds.

Development
The shoulder-winged UAV has all composite material airframe with metal twin tail booms. The drone is propelled by two 2-cylinder 2-stroke gasoline engines of type Zenoah G38 from Japan with 4 x  power. There exist two versions of TAI Pelikan related to propeller configuration, a pusher and a tractor aircraft. The drone carries a two-axis gimbaled EO/IR camera, which relays its video in real-time telemetry. Its guidance/tracking takes place fully autonomous based on INS/GPS integrated waypoint navigation system. Take off and landing of the drone is accomplished in conventional way on wheels.

Specifications

References

External links
 TAI Pelikan images at Defence Talk website

Unmanned aerial vehicles of Turkey
Unmanned military aircraft of Turkey
Turkish military reconnaissance aircraft
Pelikan
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Gedser wind turbine. The Gedser wind turbine is located near Gedser in the south of the Danish island of Falster. It was constructed by the engineer Johannes Juul in 1957 for the SEAS (Sydsjællands Elektricitets Aktieselskab) electricity company with support from the Marshall Plan. Its innovative design was a major breakthrough in the development of wind turbines.

Design
As a 17-year-old, Johannes Juul (1887–1969) had studied wind electricity applications under Poul la Cour at Askov Højskole, a folk high school, in 1904. In the early 1950s, he built two smaller alternating current turbines which operated at Vester Egesborg near Næstved and on the island of Bogø. His three-bladed Gedser facility (1957) was Denmark's first large wind turbine. With a blade span of , it produced 200 kW of alternating current fed directly into the grid. Its electromechanical yawing, asynchronous generator, and the three stall-regulated blades with emergency aerodynamic tip brakes (these were invented by Juul) is a design that is still widely used in Denmark. Stall control was provided through an asynchronous generator. The turbine, which for many years was the world's largest, operated from 1957 to 1967 without maintenance, demonstrating incredible durability. In connection with NASA testing for the U.S. wind energy programme, it was refurbished in 1975 and brought back into operation. It continued to run for a few years, providing test data for the further development of wind turbines in Denmark. Over the course of its lifetime, the Gedser wind turbine generated 2.2 million kW-hours (7.9 TJ).

The turbine's straightforward design, safety features, and low cost were key assets. It was one of Denmark's most important innovations since the Second World War. The design served not only as a basis for developments in Denmark but was adopted by wind turbine manufacturers around the globe, who referred to it as the "Danish design".  Its design was considered seminal for the modern wind industry. In 2006, it was included in the design section of the Danish Culture Canon.

Museum exhibit
In 1992, the turbine was dismantled. In 2006, the nacelle and the rotor blades were taken to the Energy Museum (Energimuseet) near Bjerringbro in central Jutland where they were reassembled as part of the museum's collection.

References

External links
The Wind Energy Pioneers: The Gedser Wind Turbine with illustrations 

Wind turbines
Danish design
Falster
Corporated-class barge. The Corporated class of sullage barges are a series of seven yard craft being built by M/s Corporated Shipyard Private Limited, Kolkata, for the Indian Navy.

Description
The barges have a designed capacity to carry 300 tonnes of oil in six equal size tanks. Their steel cutting was started on 21 October 2009 and the keel laying of four barges was done on 30 October 2009. They have been certified and classed by Indian Register of shipping. The barges will be in service of the Western Naval Command's bases at Karwar and Mumbai. As of December 2012, construction of four barges have been completed. However, the SB-II barge was involved in an incident with the Pamban railway bridge on 13 January 2013 while being delivered to the Indian Navy's Western Command.

Ships in the class

Specification
Gross weight: 220 tonnes
Net weight:66 tonnes
Dead weight:302.8 tonnes
Displacement:468 tonnes
Light weight:165 tonnes
Overall length: 31.5 meters
LBP: 29.9 meters
Brdth:	7.9 meters
Draught (max):	2.75 meters
Depth Mld: 3.6	meters

References

External links

http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/barge-crashes-into-pamban-rail-bridge/article4305049.ece

Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Ships of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary barge classes
Nikolaos Mavridis. Nikolaos Mavridis (born April 28, 1973) is the founder and director of the Interactive Robots and Media Lab (IRML), and a PhD graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology He is also an assistant professor of research at the Computer Science department, New York University Poly, and adjunct researcher at NCSR Demokritos. Before his PhD, he was awarded an M.Sc. from the University of California Los Angeles, and a M. Eng. (summa cum laude) from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. His research interests include human–robot interaction, and especially verbal and non-verbal communication with robots, artificial intelligence, machine perception, and cognitive systems.

Mavridis and his work at the Interactive Robots and Media Lab received coverage from media of more than 20 countries, such as the BBC, Agence France-Presse (AFP), The National (Abu Dhabi), Al Jazeera TV etc.  Furthermore, Mavridis has been a TEDx Speaker twice, in TEDx Al Ain and TEDx Athens.

Apart from his academic activities, Mavridis has been a pro-bono contributor to a number of organizations: as a mentor in The Next Generation Initiative, a vice-president and executive committee member at the MIT HSA, as a vice-president to the Hellenic Artificial Intelligence Society, as a bid preparer and presenter and technical committee member that brought the World Robot Olympiad to Abu Dhabi, and as the founding chair of the IEEE UAE Robotics and Automation Society.

He is also an active member of the Horasis think tank based in Switzerland, whose purpose is to "enact visions for a sustainable future" through new platforms for cooperation and knowledge-sharing, particularly between developed countries and emerging markets.

Furthermore, Mavridis is a member of the National Committee of the Recreate Greece liberal party, and as a parliamentary candidate finished second in the May 2012 National Election in the district of A' Athens.

References

External links
 

Artificial intelligence researchers
1973 births
Living people
Volkswagen CrossBlue. The Volkswagen CrossBlue is a concept diesel plug-in-hybrid mid size crossover SUV, intended to sit in the range of SUVs by Volkswagen, below the Volkswagen Touareg. The concept version of the car has six seats, but the production version that will be based on it will have a traditional seven seat layout.

It is meant to replace the slow selling minivan, the Volkswagen Routan, and intended to be sold exclusively in the American and Canadian markets. However, Volkswagen of Australia is currently trying to convince Volkswagen executives to have the concept appear in Australian Auto Shows.

In the American and Canadian markets, its targeted competitors are the Toyota Highlander, Toyota 4Runner, Ford Explorer, and Honda Pilot. On July 14, 2014, Volkswagen announced that the CrossBlue will be built at its factory in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

The production version was announced with the name Atlas or Teramont for those manufactured in the USA and Chinese markets for those manufactured in China. Atlas will feature transverse mounted engines of four cylinders or Volkswagens narrow angle V6.

CrossBlue Coupé Concept

At the September 2013 Auto Shanghai, Volkswagen revealed a different, sportier version of the car, named Volkswagen CrossBlue Coupé.

References

External links

Volkswagen CrossBlue concept (2013 NAIAS Detroit)
Volkswagen Australia SUV Range

2010s cars
Cars introduced in 2013
Crossover sport utility vehicles
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Hybrid sport utility vehicles
Mid-size sport utility vehicles
CrossBlue
Diesel hybrid vehicles
Dynali H2S. The Dynali H2S is a Belgian helicopter, designed by Jacky Tonet and produced by Dynali of the Thines district of Nivelles. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction or fully assembled, supplied ready-to-fly.

By December 2017 the design was no longer advertised on the company website and production has most likely ended.

Design and development
The H2S was designed to comply with the amateur-built aircraft rules, but a light-sport aircraft category version, the Dynali H3, is also being developed. It features a single main rotor, a two-seats-in side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit with a windshield, skid-type landing gear and a four-cylinder, liquid cooled four-stroke,  Subaru EJ25 automotive conversion engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from a combination of aluminium tubing and welded stainless steel, covered with a polycarbonate fairing. Its  diameter two-bladed rotor has a chord of  and employs composite main rotor blades. The tail rotor is of an enclosed Fenestron type with eight blades. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Like many helicopters designed in France and Russia, the main rotor blades advance to the left.

Variants
Kit version
Model with a gross weight of , powered by a four cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke,  Subaru EJ25 automotive conversion engine.
Dynali H3 EasyFlyer
Lightened version powered by a four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual ignition  Rotax 912S or a turbocharged  Rotax 914 engine for the light-sport aircraft category.

Specifications (H2S)

See also

References

External links

 

H2
2000s Belgian sport aircraft
2000s Belgian helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston helicopters
Hatem Abdel Latif. Hatem Abdel Latif is an Egyptian politician who served as transport minister in the cabinet headed by Hisham Qandil from January to July 2013.

Education
Latif holds a PhD in transportation planning and traffic engineering, which he received in 1990.

Career
Latif worked as a road engineering professor at Ain Shams University. In 2011, he was named as the dean of the faculty of engineering at Ain Shams University. He is a member of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and its political wing, the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP). In July 2012, Latif was cited as one of the potential minister nominees for social affairs. However, he was not appointed minister to the first cabinet of Hisham Qandil.

Later on 5 January 2013, Latif was appointed transport minister to the Qandil cabinet in a reshuffle, replacing Mohammad Rashad in the post. Latif is one of the eight FJP members serving in the cabinet. He and other FJP members in the cabinet resigned from office on 4 July 2013 following the 2013 coup in Egypt. Latif's term officially ended on 16 July when the interim cabinet led by Hazem Al Beblawi was formed.

Controversy
On 14 January 2013, a train crash killed at least 19 people and wounded nearly 120 in Badrashin. After this event, Latif assumed political responsibility for the crash, but stated that he would not resign.

References

Academic staff of Ain Shams University
Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood members
Egyptian engineers
Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt) politicians
Transport ministers of Egypt
Living people
Qandil Cabinet
Year of birth missing (living people)
Superelement. In scientific computing and computational engineering, a superelement is a finite element method technique which consists of defining a new type of finite element by grouping and processing a set of finite elements. A superelement describes a part of a problem, and can be locally solved, before being implemented in the global problem. Substructuring a problem by means of superelements may facilitate the division of labor and overcome computer memory limitations.

History 
Superelements were invented in the aerospace industry, where complexity and the size of problems exceeded the solving capabilities of the computational hardware. The development of superelements made solving of larger problems possible, by breakdown of complex systems such as complete airplanes.

References
 
 

Finite element method
Sant Boi Bridge. The Sant Boi Bridge is the first steel structure in the high-speed railway joining the city of Madrid and Barcelona.

The  bridge is very close to the international airport of Barcelona. This high-speed railway viaduct is in concept similar to Llinars Bridge but with a different geometry, is a combination of feasibility, technology, aesthetics and integration in the territory.

The bridge crosses several existing infrastructures (highway, road and railway). The bridge is about 15 km from Barcelona.

Description

The proposed viaduct consists of two distinct sections:

 Stretch with board-mixed concrete steel between PK 100 +469,155 +129,155 100, with a total length of 340 m which is constructed by pushing panel lintel.
 Tranche with prestressed concrete deck between PK 100 +999,155 +469,155 100, with a total length of 530 m with a board built by autocimbra vain vain.

Due to the proximity to Sants station, the design speed adopted for calculating plot settings are 150 km / h speed limit to 80 km / h minimum speed. The slope adopted maximum elevation is 25 thousandths.
The colour of the bridge was red at first, but Adif decided to use green corporate color, to make it better integrated into the environment.

The steel bridge was built using the launching method. The composite concrete–steel deck consists of 3 ft (1 m) deep parallel transverse I-beams spaced 9 ft (3 m) apart. Longitudinal beams are suspended from curved tied steel box members supported from 37 ft (11.5 m) height steel pylons.

The second 1738 ft (530 m) section, which passes over the Llobregat River, consists of a continuous pre-stressed concrete bridge with a maximum span of 164 ft (50 m). This second section was constructed using regular cast in place concrete method and launching formwork.

The bridges have been modeled using a computer program based on finite element analysis. Special attention has been given to the structural behavior of the bridge under different types of high speed trains crossing the bridge with speeds ranging from 150 km/h to 420 km/h according to Eurocode 1. The maximum acceleration obtained under these high speed moving loads is about 1.8 m/s2 lower than the admissible value according to Eurocode 1. A significant horizontal load due to braking and traction of 7000 KN has conditioned the design of the fixed support at one of the extremes.

Construction
The construction method is to mount the metal structure in one end and then pushing the part already fitted to their final location. 
The bridge is the first steel bridge for the high-speed rail line between Madrid and Barcelona. High-speed rail bridges are complex structures that meet strict provisions related with the dynamic behavior and rail-track interaction.

References

 Sobrino, J.A.; Moving at the speed of steel. Civil Engineering Magazine, Volume 78, Number 4 pp. 69–75. ASCE, April 2008.
 Sobrino J.A.; Two steel bridges for the high speed railway line in Spain. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. Stahlbau, vol 79, issue 3, pp. 181–187, March 2010.

External links
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Bridges in Catalonia