omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Falconara Airbase. Falconara Airbase  is a joint-use civil airport and Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare) facility in Italy, located approximately  west of Falconara Marittima in the province of Ancona, about  north-northeast of Rome.

As for passenger traffic, six airlines operate there, as well as international charter companies. Since 2000, the number of passengers has been around 400,000-600,000. In the decade 2014-2024, Ancona Airport fluctuated between the twenty-fifth and twenty-seventh Italian position for passenger traffic.

As for the cargo sector, DHL Aviation, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines fly regularly, and in the decade 2014-2024, Ancona Airport fluctuated between the ninth and eleventh Italian position for cargo traffic.

World War II
During World War II, Falconara Airfield was a military airfield used by the United States Army Air Forces Twelfth Air Force for B-25 Mitchell combat operations by the 321st Bombardment Group between 1 April and 1 September 1945. After the war ended, the airfield was turned over to local authorities.

References

Further reading
 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. 521p. .

External links

Falconara
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Falconara Marittima
Rosia Airfield. Rosia Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, which is located approximately 13 km southwest of Siena; 180 km northwest of Rome.

It was an all-weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with a prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing known as PHS. PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares.   Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available.   In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.

Once completed it was turned over for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 3d Reconnaissance Group, which flew F-4 and F-5 Lightnings from the airfield between September 1944 and January 1945.

Today, the airfield runway and dispersal pads are faintly visible on aerial photography of the Nettuno area.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1944
P. S. Krishnaprasad. P. S. Krishnaprasad is a professor at the  Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and  Institute for Systems Research (ISR) of the University of Maryland. A 1977 Harvard PhD, he began his professorial career at Case Western Reserve University's Systems Engineering Department before joining the University of Maryland in 1980. He has also held visiting positions at various American and European universities. P. S. Krishnaprasad has been an IEEE fellow since 1990, and was the 2007 recipient of the Hendrik W. Bode Lecture Prize.

References

External links
   Mathematics Genealogy Project
  Intelligent Servosystems Laboratory

Control theorists
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Harvard University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Tekna (Norway). Tekna (short for Teknisk-naturvitenskapelig forening, ) is a union for graduate technical and scientific professionals in Norway.

History and profile
It was established in 1874 under the name Den Norske Ingeniør- og Arkitektforening ('the Norwegian Engineer and Architect Association'). In 1912 it was reorganized as Den Norske Ingeniørforening ('the Norwegian Engineer Association'). It was again renamed to Norske Sivilingeniørers Forening ('Civil Engineers' Association of Norway') in 1973, and to Tekna in 2004.

It has 103,000 members as of 2023.  The headquarters are in Oslo. It publishes Teknisk Ukeblad together with NITO.

Tekna is a member of the Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations, Nording (the Scandinavian association of engineering organisations), and Nordic IN. Its president is Elisabet Line Haugsbø, succeeding Lars Olav Grøvik in 2023.

References

Trade unions in Norway
Organisations based in Oslo
Organizations established in 1874
1874 establishments in Norway
Grain boundary diffusion coefficient. The grain boundary diffusion coefficient is the diffusion coefficient of a diffusant along a grain boundary in a polycrystalline solid.  It is a physical constant denoted , and it is important in understanding how grain boundaries affect atomic diffusivity. Grain boundary diffusion is a commonly observed route for solute migration in polycrystalline materials. It dominates the effective diffusion rate at lower temperatures in metals and metal alloys. Take the apparent self-diffusion coefficient for single-crystal and polycrystal silver, for example. At high temperatures, the coefficient   is the same in both types of samples. However, at temperatures below 700 °C, the values of  with polycrystal silver consistently lie above the values of  with a single crystal.

Measurement 

The general way to measure grain boundary diffusion coefficients was suggested by Fisher. In the Fisher model, a grain boundary is represented as a thin layer of high-diffusivity uniform and isotropic slab embedded in a low-diffusivity isotropic crystal. Suppose that the thickness of the slab is , the length is , and the depth is a unit length, the diffusion process can be described as the following formula. The first equation represents diffusion in the volume, while the second shows diffusion along the grain boundary, respectively.

 where 

where  is the volume concentration of the diffusing atoms and  is their concentration in the grain boundary.

To solve the equation, Whipple introduced an exact analytical solution. He assumed a constant surface composition, and used a Fourier–Laplace transform to obtain a solution in integral form. The diffusion profile therefore can be depicted by the following equation.

To further determine , two common methods were used. The first is used for accurate determination of . The second technique is useful for comparing the relative  of different boundaries.

 Method 1: Suppose the slab was cut into a series of thin slices parallel to the sample surface, we measure the distribution of in-diffused solute in the slices, . Then we used the above formula that developed by Whipple to get .
 Method 2: To compare the length of penetration of a given concentration at the boundary  with the length of lattice penetration from the surface far from the boundary.

References

See also 

 Kirkendall effect
 Phase transformations in solids
 Mass diffusivity

Diffusion
Crowder Construction Company. Crowder Construction Company is a privately owned General Contracting, and Design-Build service provider. Founded in 1947 by O. P. and W.T. Crowder, Crowder Construction Company is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Crowder is ranked among the top 400 contractors by Engineering News-Record.

History
In 1947, brothers O. P. and W.T. Crowder concluded their initial undertaking, which involved constructing a sidewalk for a church. Within a span of fewer than ten years, they assembled a workforce comprising 40 individuals and embarked on Crowder's inaugural significant endeavor in highway construction – the construction of a bridge located in Charlotte, North Carolina. As the Company grew, O. P. and W.T. moved to larger heavy civil and environmental projects including water and wastewater treatment plants. Crowder expanded its operations in the early 1990s to include mechanical and industrial projects. Crowder opened offices in Apex, North Carolina and Spartanburg, South Carolina, creating two new divisions of operation.

Company executives include Otis Crowder, son of O.P. Crowder, as chief executive officer and Bill Crowder Jr., son of W.T. Crowder, as chief operating officer.

Divisions

Civil & Environmental

Located in Apex, North Carolina focuses on Wastewaster Treatment Plants, Water Treatment Plants, Pump Stations and Electrical Projects. Regional Offices located in Roswell, Georgia, Midlothian, Virginia, and Franklin, Tennessee.

Heavy Civil

Located in Charlotte, NC focuses on Bridges, Dams, Pedestrian Trails, Tunnels, Pile Driving, Shoring, and Deep Excavations.

Industrial

Located in Spartanburg, SC focuses on Power Stations and Metal Fabrication.

Energy Services

Located in Apex, NC focuses on Renewable Energy Solutions.

Charitable Contributions 
Otis Crowder, owner of Crowder Construction Company, is a frequent donor to nonprofit housing causes, including Heal Charlotte.

References

External links
Crowder Construction Company homepage

Companies based in Charlotte, North Carolina
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1947
Privately held companies based in North Carolina
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
1947 establishments in North Carolina
Tre Cancello Landing Strip. Tre Cancello Landing Strip is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, which is located approximately 11 km east-northeast of Anzio; about 50 km south-southeast of Rome.  It was a temporary grass airfield used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 416th Night Fighter Squadron between 14  June and 8 July 1944, flying Bristol Beaufighters on night defensive interceptor patrols during the Anzio landing.

When the Americans pulled out the airfield was dismantled by engineers and returned to agriculture.   An outline of the runway remains in an agricultural field in aerial photos today.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1943
EMD GT18LC-2. The EMD GM GT18LC-2 diesel electric locomotive was introduced by Electro-Motive Diesel as an export model switcher in the 1970s. The prototype model spent its life at the General Motors plant in London, Ontario, and inspired sales to Egypt (which then canceled their order) and later Malaysia's Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) in 1980 where it was designated KTM Class 25. KTM had been facing a shortage of shunters at that time. The prototype was eventually sold with another eleven more units to KTM in 1990 and after seeing the locomotives' reliability, placed a second order of five locomotives which arrived in 2002. Bangladesh Railway is the largest user of the class with 55 locomotives built by General Motors Diesel and Hyundai Rotem as Class 2600 and Class 2900, respectively.

During KTM's second order of the GT18LC-2, Ghana Railway also placed an order for 14 locomotives of the same model which arrived in 1996.

Original Owners

References

G18TLC-2
C-C locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of Malaysia
Diesel–electric locomotives of Ghana
Metre gauge diesel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1970
Mantronix (video game). Mantronix is an isometric action-adventure game released by Probe in 1986 for the ZX Spectrum.

Plot 
The year is 2001 A.D. and four planetary criminals are hiding from the law on the planet Zybor. The bounty hunter robot "Mantronix" has been sent to find and eliminate them.

Gameplay 
The player controls the Mantronix in its hunt for the four fugitives on the planet Zybor. The Mantronix must also find eight power
cubes, necessary to drive the conveyor belts on the planetary surface, and also as fuel for the homeward flight. "Pulsators"—the life source of the fugitives—must also be destroyed. The criminals are protected by robots which are programmed to attack the Mantronix. The Mantronix is armed with a laser to defend itself and carry out its mission.

Reception 
ZX Computing:  "Mantronix puts less emphasis on problem-solving than the Ultimate games, but it is a good tricky shoot 'em up, with a large playing area that should keep your trigger finger flexing for a long time."

References

External links 

1986 video games
Action-adventure games
Climax London games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games with isometric graphics
ZX Spectrum games
ZX Spectrum-only games
D-Lightsys. D-Lightsys is a French company that designs and manufactures optical interconnect products specially adapted to the requirements of avionics, space, transports, defense and scientific industries. Its products are based on optoelectronic components. The company headquarters are located in Aubervilliers, near Paris, France. Its parent company, Radiall, conducts the sale of D-Lightsys products through its sales network after being manufactured in a factory in Isle d’Abeau.

It was founded in 2002 by Mathias Pez and François Quentel, two ex-workers of the Thales Group Advanced Research Center who were specialised in fiber optic interconnection. On April 15, 2005, Radiall, an electronic component manufacturing company, announced its acquisition of a 40% stake in D-Lightsys. On January 8, 2008, Radiall announced an increase in its shareholdings of the start-up D-Lightsys to 95%.

References

External links
 Official web site 

Fiber-optic connectors
Electronics companies of France
Balfour Beatty Infrastructure, Inc.. Balfour Beatty Infrastructure, Inc. is a heavy civil contractor operating in the United States. Established in North America in 1990, the company constructs highways, bridges (over land and water), tunnels, wastewater and potable water treatment plants. Its parent company is Balfour Beatty plc.

References

External links 
 Balfour Beatty Infrastructure, Inc. Official Site
 Balfour Beatty plc Official Site

Engineering companies of the United States
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in Atlanta
Amide reduction. Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group.

Catalytic hydrogenation
Catalytic hydrogenation can be used to reduce amides to amines; however, the process often requires high hydrogenation pressures and reaction temperatures to be effective (i.e. often requiring pressures above 197 atm and temperatures exceeding 200 °C). Selective catalysts for the reaction include copper chromite, rhenium trioxide and rhenium(VII) oxide or bimetallic catalyst.

Amines from other hydride sources
Reducing agents able to effect this reaction include metal hydrides such as lithium aluminium hydride, or lithium borohydride in mixed solvents of tetrahydrofuran and methanol.

Iron catalysis by triiron dodecacarbonyl in combination with polymethylhydrosiloxane has been reported.

Lawesson's reagent converts amides to thioamides, which then catalytically desulfurize.

Noncatalytic routes to aldehydes
Some amides can be reduced to aldehydes in the Sonn-Müller method, but most routes to aldehydes involve a well-chosen organometallic reductant.  

Lithium aluminum hydride reduces an excess of N,N-disubstituted amides to an aldehyde:
R(CO)NRR'  + LiAlH4 →  RCHO + HNRR'
With further reduction the alcohol is obtained.  

Schwartz's reagent reduces amides to aldehydes, and so does hydrosilylation with a suitable catalyst.

References

External links
 Amide reduction @ organic-chemistry.org

Organic redox reactions
Rex Black. Rex Black (born July 16, 1964) is a software engineer, entrepreneur and an author in the field of software testing. Black graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1990 with a bachelors of science in computer science and engineering. In 1983, Black started work in the software engineering field and has spent more than 20 years in software testing.

Black is chief executive officer and founder of RBCS, Inc. Black has also taught courses in managing the testing process at the University of Texas at Austin Center for Lifelong Engineering Education and is an adjunct faculty member and course developer of business analysis and software testing curricula for Villanova University. He serves on editorial board of Software Test & Performance Magazine.

Software quality advocacy
From April 2005 to April 2009, Black served as president of the International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB), an international group of 40 international boards responsible for the international qualification scheme called "ISTQB Certified Tester." Black also co-authored the ISTQB Advanced Syllabus (released in July 2007), and is vice chair of the Working Party Foundation Level ISTQB Syllabus.

From January 2005 to January 2008, Black was president of the American Software Testing Qualifications Board (ASTQB), a branch of the International Software Testing Qualification Board. He currently sits on the ASTQB Board of Directors.

Black served on the Program Committee and as a Session Chair for the Third World Congress on Software Quality in Munich in September 2005. He’s also presented at the 2008 World Congress on Software Quality in Maryland and the 2009-2013, Software Testing Conference (Softec09 and SoftecAsia13) in Kuala Lumpur.

Selected bibliography

Books
 
 
 
 
 
 
  (Includes Indian, Chinese, Russian, and Japanese editions.)

Articles

References

External links
 Official RBCS, Inc. homepage
 O’Reilly Media author biography
 Villanova Faculty Profile

Living people
Software testing people
1964 births
Timm Collegiate. The Timm Collegiate was a series of American-built two-seat light aircraft of the late 1920s.

Design and development
Otto Timm founded the O.W. Timm Aircraft Corp in 1922 with its base at Glendale, California. The firm changed its name to the Timm Airplane Co in 1928.  During 1928 Timm designed the Collegiate series of parasol-winged two-seat light aircraft fitted with fixed tailwheel undercarriage.  The six examples built between 1928 and 1930 were powered by a variety of engines of between  and  During their lives, several were re-fitted with different powerplants.

Operational history
During their operational lives, several of the six Collegiates were fitted with replacement powerplants, giving rise to new designation numbers. The aircraft served with private pilot owners both pre and post World War II. In 1930, the first Collegiate M-150 NC279V City of Los Angeles set an endurance record of 378 hours in flying the equivalent of 27,677 miles over Rosamond Dry Lake, California.

The FAA civil aircraft register recorded two surviving airworthy examples as at August 2009. One was operated by a private owner in California.  The other NC337 was owned by Albert I. Stix and is on public display in the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum (HARM) at Dauster Field, Creve Coeur, near St Louis Missouri.  Two other examples are in long term storage in a private collection in Springfield, Oregon.

Variants
(Source : Aerofiles and FAA Registry)

 K-90 c/n 102  Anzani 10: NC887E  stored in Oregon in 2009
 K-100 c/n 101  Kinner K-5 NC337, later re-engined to a model C-165 with a  Comet 7-E. On display at HARM in 2009.
 TW-120 c/n 106  to  Western L-7. NC945Y. No longer extant.
 M-150 c/n 105  McClatchie Panther. NC279V privately owned in California in 2009.  Two further examples later converted to this standard.
 TC-165 c/n 101 C-165 re-engined with Continental A-70. NC337. On display at HARM in 2017.
 TC-165 c/n 104  Continental A-70. NX16E. No longer extant.
 C-165 c/n 101 K-100 re-engined with  Comet 7-E. Later re-engined with 150 h.p McClatchie Panther.
 C-165 c/n 102 K-90 re-engined with  Comet 7-E.
 C-170 c/n 103  Curtiss Challenger, later re-fitted with  Curtiss Challenger. NC888E stored in Oregon in 2009.
 C-185 c/n 103  Curtiss Challenger, NC888E modified from C-170.

Specifications (M-100)

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Ogden, Bob. Aviation Museums and Collections of North America. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, 2007. .

External links

  Data and photographs of the Timm Collegiate series

1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Collegiate
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Piombino Airfield. Piombino Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, which is located approximately 3 km north of Piombino (Provincia di Livorno, Tuscany); about 200 km northwest of Rome.

It was an all-weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with a prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing known as PHS. PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares.   Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available.   In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.

Once completed it was turned over for use by the Twelfth Air Force 417th Night Fighter Squadron between 23 July-5 August 1944, flying Bristol Beaufighters.

When the Americans pulled out the airfield was dismantled by engineers.  Today the location of the airfield is undetermined due to the large amount of urban growth in the area.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .
 

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1944
Voltone Airfield. Voltone Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield, located approximately 4 km west of Tarquinia (Provincia di Viterbo, Lazio), central Italy, about 70 km northwest of Rome.

It was an all-weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing (PHS). PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares.   Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available.   In addition, tents were used for billeting and support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums;  drinkable water and a minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.

Once completed it was turned over for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 415th Night Fighter Squadron between 17 June-9 July 1944, flying Bristol Beaufighters.

When the Americans pulled out, the airfield was dismantled by engineers.  Today the location of the airfield is partially a golf course bisected by a road with the outline of its former main runway on the other side in a pasture.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .
 

1944 establishments in Italy
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1944