omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Richard Nelmes. Richard John Nelmes (born 1943) is a British crystallographer, currently professor emeritus and Honorary Professorial Fellow in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Edinburgh. As chair of the university's Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), he studies the behaviour of crystal structures and materials such as ice, methane, and silicon at pressures of up to 1 million times normal atmospheric pressure.

Early life and career 

Nelmes graduated from the University of Cambridge, before moving to the University of Edinburgh, where he took a PhD supervised by William Cochran.

Research interests 

At the Edinburgh University Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, Nelmes' research looks at how extreme pressures can change the properties of existing materials or create entirely new ones. This work has many industrial applications, from creating new superconductors to cooking foods using pressure instead of heat. Nelmes also works at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory where he helped to establish the Diamond Light Source X-ray synchrotron and has pioneered high-pressure X-ray diffraction.

Awards 

Nelmes received an OBE in 2000 for his scientific research. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1995 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2003. In 2007, he received the Duddell Medal from the Institute of Physics for 
"pioneering new techniques and instrumentation that have transformed high-pressure structural science, including the production of quantitative diffraction data that can be analysed to pressures beyond a megabar".

Selected publications

References

External links
 

1943 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
British crystallographers
Accelerated Linear Algebra. XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra) is an open-source compiler for machine learning developed by the OpenXLA project. XLA is designed to improve the performance of machine learning models by optimizing the computation graphs at a lower level, making it particularly useful for large-scale computations and high-performance machine learning models. Key features of XLA include:

 Compilation of Computation Graphs: Compiles computation graphs into efficient machine code.
 Optimization Techniques: Applies operation fusion, memory optimization, and other techniques.
 Hardware Support: Optimizes models for various hardware, including CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs.
 Improved Model Execution Time: Aims to reduce machine learning models' execution time for both training and inference.
 Seamless Integration: Can be used with existing machine learning code with minimal changes.

XLA represents a significant step in optimizing machine learning models, providing developers with tools to enhance computational efficiency and performance.

Supported target devices 
 x86-64
 ARM64
 NVIDIA GPU
 AMD GPU
 Intel GPU
 Apple GPU
 Google TPU
 AWS Trainium, Inferentia
 Cerebras
 Graphcore IPU

See also 
 TensorFlow
 PyTorch
 JAX

References 

Compilers
Machine learning
Free software programmed in C++
Software using the Apache license
Abubakar Surajo Imam. Abubakar Surajo Imam is the Nigerian first army professor. He specialises in mechatronics and robotics  and he is the current Head of the Department of Mechatronics Engineering at the Nigerian Defence Academy.

Early life and education 
Imam is a native of Kankia in Katsina State. He obtained his first degree from Bayero University Kano in Mechanical Engineering in 2001. He bagged his Msc and Phd in Mechatronics and Robotics from Newcastle University, United Kingdom in 2009 and 2014 respectively.

Career 
Imam started his career as a member of short-service combatant course 32 and was attached to the electrical and mechanical engineering department.  He later became a regular commission and conducted his researches and teachings in different units and universities such as  Air Force Institute of Technology in Kaduna; Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria; Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology in Kano State; and Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria.

Publications 

 Mechatronics for Beginners: 21 Projects for PIC Microcontrollers (2012).
 Design and construction of a small-scale rotorcraft uav system. (2014). 
 Quadrotor model predictive flight control system. (2014).

References 

Bayero University Kano alumni
Nigerian academics
People from Katsina State
Alumni of Newcastle University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Liquid rope coil effect. The liquid rope coil effect or liquid rope coiling is a fluid mechanics phenomenon characterized by the steadily rotating helical structure formed when pouring a thin stream of viscous fluid from a sufficient height onto a surface, resulting from a buckling instability in which the initially vertical fluid stream becomes unstable to bending deformation under axial compressive stress.

The rope can change shape in three ways: stretching, bending, and twisting. Each deformation faces resistance in the form of viscous forces. The rope's shape is influenced by the balance between these forces and the fluid's inertia. Surface tension, usually significant in fluid dynamics, plays only a minor role.

Further reading 

 Barnes, George; Woodcock, Richard (1958-04-01). "Liquid Rope-Coil Effect". American Journal of Physics. 26 (4): 205–209. doi:10.1119/1.1996110. ISSN 0002-9505.

References 

Fluid dynamics
Physical phenomena
Zemledeliye (minelaying system). Zemledeliye (Russian: Земледелие,  Agriculture) is a Russian remote minelaying system ( or ISDM). It is designed for the rapid creation of minefields from a distance in particularly dangerous areas. The system is used in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, most notably during 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.

Development 
In the 1970s, after military trials, the Soviet military declined to adopt a similar system based on the Grad and Uragan multiple launch rocket systems, due to their poor accuracy over long distances and the inability to control the configuration of the deployed minefield. Such a minefield could become a threat not only to the enemy, but also to friendly troops.

Russian military concluded tests of Zemledeliye system in late 2020, during the Caucasus 2020 exercises.

Sergey Chemezov said that in addition to missiles with mines, high-precision ammunition has also been developed for the weapon, and for their production a special workshop was built at the NPO Splav.

Description 
The operating principle of Zemledeliye is similar to a multiple launch rocket system (MLRS). Externally, the system somewhat resembles the Grad and Tornado-G MLRS and, like them, has 122 mm caliber, but for minelaying it uses ammunition with a solid fuel engine, filled with various types of mines. Each armored KamAZ carries two pods of 25 missiles loaded with mines. Their flight range is 5 to 15 km.

Course-corrected missiles allow the Zemledeliye to deploy a minefield in a matter of minutes. The system fires rockets that scatter mines at a given location. In accordance with the second protocol of the Geneva Convention, each mine is equipped with programmable self-destruct mechanisms. This ensures that minefields do not last forever, but are deactivated after a certain time without human intervention.

The complex consists of: a combat vehicle on an eight-wheeled KamAZ-6560 armored chassis, a transport-loading vehicle and launch containers with engineering ammunition. The combat vehicle is equipped with a satellite navigation system, a computer and a weather station, which allows it to make adjustments and take into account the influence of weather on the flight of missiles.

Service history 
In December 2020 Zemledeliye was reported to enter service with the Armed Forces of Russian Federation, and Rostec began supplying the system to troops. 

Russia has used Zemledeliye during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Most notably it was deployed to repel the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.

Operators

References 

Self-propelled artillery of Russia
122 mm artillery
ZALA Kub-BLA. Kub-BLA (in Russian: Куб-БЛА, also advertised as Kub-UAV) is a Russian high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle and loitering munition developed by the Russian company ZALA Aero Group (part of Kalashnikov Concern).

Description 
Kub-BLA was first unveiled by Kalashnikov during IDEX-2019 exhibition in Abu-Dhabi. The report notes that after launch, the drone can loiter in the air, detecting a target, and then attack it from the upper hemisphere with a vertical dive. "Kub-BLA" delivers a payload according to target coordinates, which are set manually, or according to an image from the target guidance load. In addition, the drone can be used in swarm mode. A new version with a more powerful warhead begun to be supplied in late December 2023.

Combat use 
The drone was used against targets in the Idlib Governorate during Syrian civil war, as well as during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in Kyiv. In May 2022 footage of an attack on a M777 howitzer by a Kub drone was posted by the Russian Ministry of Defence.

According to Lostarmour OSINT project, there have been at least 44 documented uses of Kub drones as of December 2023.

Technical characteristics 
Specifications:

 Wingspan - 1210 mm
 Length - 950 mm
 Height - 165 mm
 Payload capacity - 3 kg
 Speed - 80-130 km/h
 Flight duration - 30 minutes

References 

Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Russia
Loitering munition
Terry Benzel. Terry C. Vickers Benzel (born 1956) is an American computer scientist specializing in experimental testbeds for computer security research. She works at the Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California, as director of its Networking and Cybersecurity Division. She is also affiliated with the USC Marshall School of Business as a research scientist.

Education and career
Benzel was born on November 17, 1956, in Lansing, Michigan, where her father was a master's student. Her parents divorced, and she moved frequently as a child; she discovered an interest in mathematics as a sixth-grade student in Laytonville, California, where her mother was living in a commune. She went to high school in Laguna Beach, California and Palo Alto, California, and studied mathematics as an undergraduate at Foothill College and the University of California, Santa Cruz before transferring to Boston University in a combined bachelor's/master's program in mathematics. She credits Boston University professor Harvey Deitel with beginning her shift in interests from mathematics to computer science.

As a high school student in Palo Alto, in around 1973, Benzel worked at the NASA Ames Research Center, and while at Boston University, she began working for the Draper Laboratory in Boston, initially as a computer programmer and later working on parallel image recognition algorithms. She applied to continue at Boston University for a Ph.D., and enrolled in the program, but eventually stopped out with just the master's degree. While in the doctoral program, she learned about recent research in mathematical methods in computer security through a graduate seminar. Excited by this discovery, she obtained a position at the Mitre Corporation, where this work was authored, through a friend of her fiancé, beginning her work there in 1982 on the 
Secure Communications Processor (SCOMP).

In 1988, she moved from Mitre to become a principal computer scientist at Trusted Information Systems in Los Angeles, performing defense and intelligence consulting work in computer security. Later she became director of the Los Angeles office of Trusted Information Systems, and earned an MBA, from the University of California, Los Angeles. By the late 1990s, her work there shifted more towards corporate computer security. The company went public in 1996, and was acquired by Network Associates (later McAfee Labs) in 1998. She continued to work for Network Associates until 2003, as Vice President of Advanced Security Research. She joined the Information Sciences Institute in 2003.

In 2020, Benzel was elected to the board of governors of the IEEE Computer Society.

Recognition
Benzel was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, "for leadership in establishing the field of cybersecurity experimentation".

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
People from Lansing, Michigan
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Boston University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
R. Fabian Pease. Roger Fabian Wedgwood Pease (born 24 October 1936) is an engineer and William E. Ayer Professor of Electrical Engineering, Emeritus at Stanford University. He is also an emeritus member of the National Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the IEEE. His research includes work in the fields of micro- and nanofabrication, nanostructures, and miniaturization.

Early life and education 
Pease was born in Cambridge, the youngest of 6 children of Helen Bowen Wedgwood and Michael Stewart Pease, making him a member of both the Pease and Wedgwood families. He attended Bedales School; after completing schooling, he joined the Royal Air Force in 1955, serving two years and becoming a radar officer. He received a Bachelor of Arts in 1960 from  Trinity College, Cambridge, where he later received Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in 1964; that year, he moved to the United States.

Pease's Ph.D. was on improving the scanning electron microscope to resolutions below .

Career 
Pease worked as an assistant professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1964 to 1967, after which he worked at Bell Labs. In 1978, he became a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University, where he held the William Ayer Professorship. In 2009, he retired and was made emeritus. The Pease-Ye professorship at Stanford was named in his honor on its endowment.

Pease is credited as the co-inventor of microchannel cooling for chip stacks.

References

External links 

 Dr. Roger Fabian Wedgwood PEASE on Ancestry.com 

Living people
1936 births
People from Cambridge
Darwin–Wedgwood family
Fabian
People educated at Bedales School
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Electrical engineering academics
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Scientists at Bell Labs
Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering faculty
English emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the IEEE
Chung Soon-yeong. Chung Soon-yeong (; born February 21, 1959) is a mathematics professor in the Department of Mathematics and Convergence Biomedical Engineering at Sogang University. He was the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences and a vice president of the Korean Mathematical Society.

Education
Chung went to Yushin High School, a private high school in Suwon, entering in 1974. He focused on natural science. Entering Seoul National University in 1978, he majored in mathematics with an emphasis on partial differential equations for his PhD.

Career
After graduation, he was an assistant professor at Duksung Women's University followed by an associate professor and then full professor at Sogang University. From 2000, he held other positions at Sogang, including head of the Department of Mathematics, director of the Research Institute for Basic Science, dean of academic affairs, director of the Teaching and Learning Center, dean of the College of Natural Science.

His service to the Korean Mathematical Society included director of the 42nd Math Olympiad, organizer, editing executive director, and vice president. For a two-year term starting in 2007, he headed the Mathematical Sciences Division at the National Research Foundation of Korea.

He became the fifth president of the National Institute for Mathematical Sciences from January 30, 2018, to January 29, 2021.

Honors and awards
 2019: Outstanding Researcher in Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education
 2013: Best Lecturer of the School of Natural Sciences, Sogang University
 2010: Fellow, Korean Academy of Science and Technology
 2010: Achievement Award, Korean Mathematical Society
 2009: Alumni Award, Yushin High School
 2008: Public Relations Achievement Award, National Research Foundation of Korea
 2005: Outstanding Instructor Award, Graduate School of Education, Sogang University
 2002: LG Yonam Overseas Professor
 2001–2017: Professor with Outstanding Research Achievement, Sogang University

Selected publications

References

External links
 Author page, American Mathematical Society
  Research Institure for Basic Science, Sogang University (Korean)

Living people
South Korean scientists
Seoul National University alumni
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences
Institute for Basic Science
Academic staff of Sogang University
1959 births
South Korean mathematicians
Francis Joseph Pigott. Francis Joseph Pigott (27 June 1865 – 5 September 1939) was a British engineer who served as Colonial Engineer and Surveyor-General in the Straits Settlements from 1905 to 1921.

Early life 
Pigott was born in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1865, and educated at Blackheath Grammar School, London.

Career 
After leaving school he trained as an engineer at Crystal Palace Company's engineering school, and began his career in 1882 as assistant engineer with Lucas and Aird Contractors, Westminster, before being appointed to work on the Tilbury Dock Construction works, London.

In 1887, Pigott left England and returned to Ceylon where he was first employed as a tracer in the Public Works Department, before being appointed District Engineer serving in Maradankadewali, Amradhapura and Batticaloa. In 1893, he was 2nd assistant at the Financial Office and Director of Public Works, and three years later was seconded to act as Municipal Engineer, Colombo. From 1896 to 1904 he returned to the position of District Engineer serving in Kalutara, Matale, and the Southern and Eastern Provinces, before he took up the position of Acting Assistant Director of the Public Works Department, Ceylon.

In 1905, he left Ceylon after 17 years' service having been offered the position of Deputy Colonial Engineer and Surveyor-General, Public Works Department in Penang, Straits Settlements. He served there as Colonial Engineer and Surveyor-General for 16 years before retiring in 1921.

Death and legacy 
He was married, and died in 1939, aged 74, in a hospital in Sydney, Australia. Jalan Pigott (formerly Pigott Road) in George Town, Penang, is named after him.

References 

British colonial officials
1865 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Sri Lankan people
Sri Lankan people of British descent
British engineers
LEVC L380. The LEVC L380 is an electric minivan produced by electric vehicle manufacturer London EV Company, a subsidiary of Chinese automobile company Geely, for the Chinese and British car markets.

Overview
The name of the LEVC L380 is inspired by that of the Airbus A380 wide-body airliner, the world's largest passenger aircraft, to promote the model's spacious interior and comfort. Design cues of the minivan are also inspired by the fuselage of the plane.

Originally codenamed the LEVC XE08 and briefly renamed the Xspace, the L380 was first shown online in December 2023. It is available in both 3-row, 6-seat and 4-row, 8-seat configurations.

Specifications
The -long LEVC L380 is based on LEVC's Space Oriented Architecture platform for large vehicles codeveloped with Geely. The L380 is powered by a single  motor produced by Viridi E-Mobility Technology Co. and a nickel-cobalt-manganate battery pack supplied by CATL. The entry-level model's battery pack has a capacity of 73 kWh with the top-level model's battery having a capacity of 120 kWh. The range of the L380 is claimed to be around . The charging time of the battery to go from 10% capacity to 80% is 30 minutes, with it reaching  of range in 10 minutes.

References

Cars introduced in 2023
2020s cars
LEVC vehicles
Electric car models
Minivans
Leslie Collins. Leslie M. Collins is an American electrical engineer specializing in signal processing, and known for her research on topics including the use of ground-penetrating radar to detect land mines, and the performance of cochlear implants. She is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Duke University, where she also holds an appointment in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, and directs the Applied Machine Learning Lab.

Education and career
Collins studied electrical engineering at the University of Kentucky, earning a bachelor's degree in 1985, and went on for a master's degree at the University of Michigan in 1986. After working for five years as an engineer for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, she returned to the University of Michigan for a Ph.D., completed in 1995.

She has been a faculty member at Duke University since 1995, initially as an assistant professor. She was tenured as an associate professor in 2002 and promoted to full professor in 2007.

Recognition
Collins was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, "for contributions to signal processing algorithms for auditory applications and to buried threat detection".

References

External links
Applied Machine Learning Lab

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electrical engineers
American women electrical engineers
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Duke University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company. Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company (BIPC) () is an Iranian petrochemical company that produces chemicals, aromatics, polymers, and LPG. The main petrochemical products - ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene and xylenes - are manufactured at this complex. They are mostly converted into intermediate products and final goods like light polyethylene, heavy polyethylene, synthetic rubber, polyvinyl chloride, paraxylene and MTBE.

This company was formed in 1973 through a joint venture between the National Petrochemical Company of Iran and Japanese Mitsui under the name “Iran-Japan Petrochemical Company”. However, in 1986, after Mitsui withdrew from the project to build the complex, all of its shares were purchased by the National Petrochemical Company of Iran and the name was changed to Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company.

Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company was acquired by the Persian Gulf Petrochemical Industries in 2010.

The head office and plants of this company are located near the city of Bandar-e Mahshahr in Khuzestan province. The company is situated on a land area of approximately 270 hectares on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf in Khuzestan Province, 160 km southeast of Ahvaz and 84 km east of Abadan in the Imam Khomeini Port Special Economic Zone.

See also
PADJAM Polymer Development Company

Notes

Oil and gas companies of Iran
Companies established in 1973
Olsen cycle. The Olsen cycle is a pyroelectric cycle, which was developed between 1978 and 1986 by Olsen and Bruno, by Olsen and Brown, Olsen and Evans, as well as by Olsen et al. It has been called the Ericsson cycle. However, the Olsen cycle avoids the least confusion with its analogous process of the Ericsson cycle. The Olsen cycle can generate electricity directly from heat when applied to a pyroelectric material, and has been the most favorable method for the generation of electricity from heat using pyroelectric energy harvesting. It consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes in the displacement versus electric field diagram. 

It can be compared to the Ericsson cycle, where working fluid undergoes two isothermal and two isobaric processes in a pressure-volume diagram. However, the Ericsson cycle does not include the hysteresis loop, which is essentially a lag between the input of an electric field and the material's output.

References 

Energy harvesting
Thermodynamic cycles
Thermodynamics