omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lawrance Aero Engine Company. Lawrance Aero Engine Company was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. Founded by engine pioneer Charles Lawrance, it designed one of the first successful air-cooled radial engines. It existed for only 5 years, being acquired by Wright Aeronautical, a much larger company better able to mass-produce Lawrance's radial engines.

History

The Lawrance Aero Engine Company was founded in 1917. After the end of World War I, the Lawrance engineers worked with both the Army and the Navy in developing their L-1 into a nine-cylinder radial engine, which became the 200 hp Lawrance J-1. It was the best American air-cooled engine at the time, and passed its 50-hour test in 1922.

The United States Navy was very enthusiastic about air-cooled radials, but was concerned that Lawrance couldn't produce enough engines for its needs.  The Navy suggested to Wright that it purchase the Lawrance company and build the J-1 itself. In May 1923, Lawrance was purchased by Wright Aeronautical, with the J-1 being further developed by Wright into the J-5, J-6, and R-795.

Products

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Wright J-5 "Whirlwind" (PDF), by Kimble D. McCutcheon, from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society

Defunct aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
 
American companies established in 1917
American companies disestablished in 1923
1923 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct manufacturing companies based in New York City
Centrotherm Photovoltaics. centrotherm international AG is a supplier of process technology and equipment for the photovoltaics, semiconductor and microelectronics industries. 
Its company headquarters are in Blaubeuren, Germany (Baden-Württemberg).

Industry sector 
centrotherm international AG develops, manufactures and markets thermal key equipment and process technology for the production of solar cells, power semiconductor devices, logic and memory devices as well as LED and sensor technologies and also provides related services to customers.

Company history 
The company was founded in 1976 as centrotherm Elektrische Anlagen GmbH + Co. KG. In the 1990s the company broke into the photovoltaic business and since 2000 has been an important global player in this industry sector. As part of company restructuring in the centrotherm Group, the name of the photovoltaic business unit was changed to centrotherm photovoltaics solutions GmbH & Co. KG in 2004 and in 2006 became centrotherm photovoltaics AG. The company has been listed on the Prime Standard of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange since October 2007 and was also listed on the German TecDAX in December of the same year.

References

External links

 01.01.2011 bis 31.03.2011 3-Month Report 01.01.2011 bis 31.03.2011 3-Months Report

Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
Photovoltaics manufacturers
Manufacturing companies of Germany
Solar power in Germany
Fast path. Fast path is a term used in computer science to describe a path with shorter instruction path length through a program compared to the normal path. For a fast path to be effective it must handle the most commonly occurring tasks more efficiently than the normal path, leaving the latter to handle uncommon cases, corner cases, error handling, and other anomalies. Fast paths are a form of optimization.

For example dedicated packet routing hardware used to build computer networks will often take care of the most common kinds of packets in hardware, with other kinds passed to the "slow path", usually implemented by software running on the control processor.  For example, packets with special control information, packets with errors, or packets directed at the device itself instead of being routed elsewhere would be passed to the slow path.  The slow path is more flexible, and can handle any kind of packet.

Even in pure software, specific implementations have been developed that leverage the concept of a fast path to maximize the performance of packet processing. In these implementations, the networking stack is split into two layers and the lower layer processes the majority of incoming packets outside the operating system (OS) environment without incurring any of the OS overheads that degrade overall performance. Only those rare packets that require complex processing are forwarded to the OS networking stack, which performs the necessary management, signaling and control functions.

Some hardware RAID controllers implement a "fast path" for write-through access which bypasses the controller's cache in certain situations. This tends to increase IOPS, particularly for solid-state drives.

For a fast path to be beneficial, it must process the majority of operations.  This is because the "fast path or slow path" test itself slows down the slow path.  One common way to perform a denial-of-service attack is to flood a device with packets which require use of the slow path.

See also
 Control plane
 Data plane
 Self-modifying code

References

Software optimization
Diisodecyl phthalate. Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) is a commonly used plasticizer used in the production of plastic and plastic coating to increase flexibility. It is a mixture of compounds derived from the esterification of phthalic acid and isomeric decyl alcohols.

The coating on furnishings, cookware, pharmaceutical pills, food wrappers and many other products may have DIDP or other phthalates in them. There has been recent concern in the US and European Union for their toxicity and bioaccumulative quality. The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisodecyl phthalates and diisononyl phthalates.

DIDP has been listed since 2007 under Proposition 65 as a substance known to the state of California to cause reproductive toxicity.  The similar compound DINP is also listed.

In 2013, ECHA's Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) concluded that Di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EU's Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation.

See also
 DPHP, a similar phthalate ester

References

Plasticizers
Phthalate esters
Vitrite. Vitrite is a very low fusing point black glass mainly used for the insulation base of electric lamps.  It used to be made by the Vitrite Company.  Vitrite can be called foam glass because the mineral from which it is obtained is a spongy mass varying in colour from white to black depending on impurities.

Process
To make the electric lamp, molten vitrite is poured into the shell up to a height of approximately a quarter inch (6 millimeters).  A plunger is brought down to force the plastic glass into shape and fix the contacts.

Composition
Vitrite is referred to as glass but in fact it is an enamel which contains a high proportion of lead (II) oxide to give fluidity, and considerable quantities of manganese oxide to produce a black colour.

References

Light fixtures
Glass compositions
Glass trademarks and brands
Open Science Grid Consortium. The Open Science Grid Consortium is an organization that administers a worldwide grid of technological resources called the Open Science Grid, which facilitates distributed computing for scientific research.  Founded in 2004, the consortium is composed of service and resource providers, researchers from universities and national laboratories, as well as computing centers across the United States.  Members independently own and manage the resources which make up the distributed facility, and consortium agreements provide the framework for technological and organizational integration.

Use
The OSG is used by scientists and researchers for data analysis tasks which are too computationally intensive for a single data center or supercomputer.  While most of the grid's resources are used for particle physics, research teams from disciplines like biology, chemistry, astronomy, and geographic information systems are currently using the grid to analyze data. Research using the grid's resources has been published in the Journal of Physical Chemistry.

Large Hadron Collider
The Open Science Grid was created in order to facilitate data analysis from the Large Hadron Collider, and about 70% of its 300,000 computing-hours per day are dedicated to the analysis of data from particle colliders.  Once data has been collected and distributed by the LHC Computing Grid, the Open Science Grid assists physicists from institutions around the world in analysis.  The grid has been designed so that resources and data are shared automatically:

Architecture
, the OSG comprises over 25,000 computers with over 43,000 processors, most of which are running a distribution of Linux. 72 institutions, including 42 universities, are consortium members who contribute resources to the grid.  There are 90 distinct computational and storage nodes in the grid, which are distributed across the United States and Brazil.

Peerage
The grid is peered with other grids, including TeraGrid, LHC Computing Grid, the European Grid Infrastructure, and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), allowing data and resources from those grids to be shared.

Study
The grid's architecture has been studied by many researchers in the fields of computer science and information systems.  Research about the OSG has been published in Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

Funding
The consortium is funded by the Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, and has received a $30 million joint grant.

References

Cyberinfrastructure
Grid computing projects
Technology consortia
Large Hadron Collider
HR (software). HR is a computer program that automatically forms mathematical theories by searching for sequences of numbers. It was written by Simon Colton, and derives its name from the initials of the mathematicians Godfrey Harold Hardy and  Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan.

HRL
HR forms the basis for the artificial intelligence program HRL (the "L" in honour of Imre Lakatos), developed by Alison Pease, Simon Colton, Alan Smaill and John Lee. HRL generates software "student" agents, which are given information with which they attempt to make inferences. It evaluates how "interesting" the inferences are and sends those that are sufficiently interesting to a "teacher" agent. The teacher arranges group discussion amongst the students and may request further modification of conjectures.

One successful result by HRL was the independent invention of Goldbach's conjecture. "Student" agents, given the concept of integers and division, derived the concept of "even numbers" and "the sum of two primes", then generated the conjecture "all even numbers can be expressed as the sum of two primes." The "teacher" prompted further development and one "student" found a counter-example (the number 2); HRL modified the conjecture appropriately.

References

Science software
Traction Software. Traction Software, Inc. is a software company headquartered in Providence, RI. It is the creator of  Traction TeamPage software for action tracking and collaboration. Traction Software products are used as project management software, quality management software, knowledge management software, competitive intelligence software, as well as other collaborative software applications.

History

The company was founded in 1996 by Chris Nuzum and Gregory Lloyd who were heavily influenced by the work of Douglas Engelbart's On-Line System (the first hypertext journaling system) and other hypertext pioneers including Andy van Dam's HES and Ted Nelson's Xanadu.

The company was first to the Enterprise 2.0 software market with releases dating back to 1999 and a commercial market launch in 2002 when Traction TeamPage Version 2.8 was the first platform to be called an Enterprise Weblog in a review by Jon Udell of InfoWorld.

In 2003, the US Department of Defense CIO office funded a Rapid Acquisition Incentive-Net Centricity (RAI-NC) pilot program, titled the "Liberty Project," to study the business case for using social software for net-centric project communication and information management. The study involved funding to add the WebDAV extension to the Traction platform and to support the following Liberty Project participants: Traction Software, The Office of Naval Research, the Army Night Vision Lab, Defense Acquisition University, Naval Underwater Warfare Center, Marine Corps, Ford Motor Company, and the New York City Police.

Traction Software was named to KMWorld’s 100 Companies that Matter in Knowledge Management for nine consecutive years through 2013. 
In the Competitive Intelligence market, Traction TeamPage was included in Fuld & Company Intelligence Software Report in 2008/2009, 2006/2007, and 2004/2005.

Funding

The company was initially funded by In-Q-Tel (the venture arm of the US Central Intelligence Agency) in May 2000. In-Q-Tel followed through in June 2002 with a customer agreement that represents the first significant enterprise site license of a blogging platform.

Traction Software raised a second round in 2002 with participation from In-Q-Tel, the Slater Fund, and private investors.

Products 
Traction Software's primary product is Traction TeamPage. TeamPage options include:
 TeamPage Cloud Option - Managed AWS TeamPage cloud instance includes daily backups, software updates, Solr search, AWS security and encryption.
 TeamPage Azure AD Cloud option - Microsoft Azure AD provides cloud-based identity and access management services to both cloud and on-premises resources
 TeamPage Quality Management Solution - Provides TeamPage based core Quality Management Documentation, Tracking, and Reporting services

References 

Software companies based in Rhode Island
Software companies of the United States
View model (disambiguation). View model may refer to:

 Conceptual view model in data modelling for example:
 ANSI-SPARC Architecture
 Model–View–Controller, an architectural pattern used in software engineering.
 Model–view–adapter, another architectural pattern used in software engineering
 View model in enterprise architecture for example:
 4+1 Architectural View Model

See also 

 Modeling perspective
 Point of view (disambiguation)
 Three schema approach
 View (disambiguation)
 Viewpoint (disambiguation)
La Constancia Mexicana. La Constancia Mexicana is a textile factory  from downtown Puebla, Mexico. The factory was the first textile mill to integrate automatic machinery into the production process.

Site description
The factory was built within Santo Domingo Hacienda, which had an established hydrological infrastructure useful to textile manufacturing. The hacienda's architecture was updated to the 19th-century style, giving it a unique appearance. Thus, the factory introduced a new architectural style along with the new machinery.

World Heritage status
This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on December 6, 2004 in the Cultural category.

References

Colonial Mexico
Museums in Puebla
World Heritage Sites in Mexico
Blue Yonder EZ Harvard. The Blue Yonder EZ Harvard is a Canadian designed and built, single-engined, single-seat aircraft provided as a completed aircraft or in kit form by Blue Yonder Aviation. The aircraft is a 75% scale replica of the North American Harvard trainer of the Second World War.

The aircraft can be constructed in Canada as a basic ultra-light, or amateur-built aircraft, but is not currently available as an advanced ultra-light.

Development
The EZ Harvard was designed by Wayne Winters of Indus, Alberta and based on the earlier EZ King Cobra. The project was started as a customer request for a scale Harvard replica and was later offered as a commercially available kit aircraft.

Winters created the EZ Harvard by using the cantilever wing design from the EZ King Cobra and added  additional span, to increase the wingspan to  and the wing area to . The fuselage was redesigned to give the round cross section, glazed canopy and distinctive fin shape of the original Harvard. The aircraft retained the Junkers ailerons of the original Merlin wing along with the Clark "Y" airfoil and construction featuring a leading edge "D" cell and foam ribs. The fuselage is constructed of welded 4130 steel tube. Even though the Harvard was originally a two-seat aircraft the EZ Harvard is a single seater with the prototype powered by a Rotax 582 two stroke engine of .

The prototype of the new design flew in 2002. In the basic ultralight version gross weight is limited to the category maximum of .

The EZ Harvard has a large round cowling that can accommodate a variety of powerplants:

Rotax 503 
Rotax 582 
Rotax 912

Operational history
Despite being widely demonstrated no further orders have been received for the type and the prototype remains the sole flying example.

Specifications (Rotax 582)

See also

References

External links

 Blue Yonder Aviation

Low-wing aircraft
EZ Harvard
2000s Canadian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
AMC-8. AMC-8, also known as Aurora III, previously GE-8, is a C-band satellite located at 139° West, covering the United States, Canada and the Caribbean. It is owned and operated by SES World Skies, formerly SES Americom and before that GE Americom. The satellite provides critical telecommunications services to AT&T Alascom, which occupies most of the satellite's capacity. AMC-8 was launched in 2000 as GE-8, and replaced Satcom-C5 in March 2001.

AMC-8 was used by thousands of terrestrial radio stations for network feeds using ground equipment from Starguide, X-Digital Systems, Wegener and International Datacasting. Major tenants were Cumulus Media Networks Satellite Services (which includes Citadel Media, Talk Radio Network, WOR Radio Network and others), Skyview Networks (which includes ABC News, ABC Radio, California News Network, Arizona News Network, numerous Professional and Collegian Sports networks, and others), Orbital Media Networks (which includes United Stations Radio Networks, John Tesh, and others), Premiere Radio Networks, Dial Global, Westwood One, Learfield Communications, The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show (Transponder 15), and others. However, these were moved over to another satellite, AMC-18. Audio network transmissions on AMC-8 ended as of midnight 30 June 2017. Since AMC-8 is past its design life, it will soon be decommissioned. As of 1 July 2017, there are no plans to put another satellite in AMC-8's orbital slot (139° West).

It carries 24 36 MHz C-band transponders, with 20 watts SSPA amplifiers. Its amplifier redundancy is 16 for 12, and its receiver redundancy is four for two. It carries two beacons, one broadcasting on a horizontal frequency of 3700.5 MHz, and the other on a vertical frequency of 4199.5 MHz.

||AMURICA||

References

External links 
  AMC-8 website from SES-Americom

Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2000
SES satellites
AMC-08
Blue Yonder EZ King Cobra. The Blue Yonder EZ King Cobra is a Canadian designed and built, single-engined, single-seat aircraft provided as a completed aircraft or in kit form by Blue Yonder Aviation. The aircraft is approximately a 60% scale replica of the Second World War Bell P-63 Kingcobra fighter.

The aircraft can be constructed in Canada as a basic ultra-light, or amateur-built aircraft, but is not currently available as an advanced ultra-light.

Development
The EZ King Cobra was designed by Wayne Winters of Indus, Alberta and based on the earlier EZ Merlin. The project was started as a customer request for an ultralight category scale replica of a fighter and was later offered as a commercially available kit aircraft.

Winters created the EZ King Cobra by designing a new cantilever wing based on the Merlin wing, itself based on the Lazair wing design. The fuselage is constructed of welded 4130 steel tube and has a canopy and fin that resembles the original fighter design. The aircraft retained the Junker's ailerons of the original Merlin wing along with the Clark "Y" airfoil and construction featuring a leading edge "D" cell and foam ribs. The prototype is powered by a Rotax 582 two stroke engine of .

The prototype of the new design flew in 1998. In the basic ultralight version gross weight is limited to the category maximum of .

The EZ King Cobra can accommodate a variety of powerplants:

Rotax 503 
Rotax 582 
Rotax 912

Operational history
Despite being widely demonstrated no further orders have been received for the type and the prototype remains the sole flying example.

Specifications (Rotax 582)

See also

References

External links
 Blue Yonder Aviation
 Photo of the EZ King Cobra prototype
 Top view photo of the EZ King Cobra prototype

Low-wing aircraft
EZ King Cobra
1990s Canadian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1998
Renfe Class 340. The Class 340 of Renfe (4000 under the previous numbering scheme) were a class of 4-axle  diesel-hydraulic locomotives built by Krauss-Maffei (and Babcock & Wilcox) for the Spanish Railways. The design is similar in outward appearance and technology to the DB Class V 200. 32 units were built.

Background and History
The locomotives had a total power of  from 2 motors (each a 16-cylinder Maybach/Mercedes-Benz MD870) diesel engine. Hydraulic transmissions used were two Mekydro K184.

The contract consisted of a series of 32 units which were shipped between 1966 and 1969, ten manufactured in Germany by Krauss-Maffei and the remaining twenty-two manufactured Spain by Babcock & Wilcox. The locomotives were similar to the V 200.1 Series of the Deutsche Bundesbahn, but with more power, more weight and slightly longer.

The units were conceived as locomotives for passenger services, with a maximum speed of , but then were also used for freight trains which together with inadequate maintenance led to many failures in this series.

None are currently in service and 30 of the 32 units have been scrapped, the 4020 (Renfe 340 020) is in the Museo del Ferrocarril de Madrid and the 4026 (Renfe 340 026) is in the process of being restored by the AZAFT (Asociación Zaragozana de Amigos del Ferrocarril y Tranvías).

References

Further reading
RENFE 340 LA TRACCION DIESEL, , Author(s): Josep Miquel & Eduard Ramirez

External links

Museo del Ferrocarril de Madrid Spanish national rail museum website
Photographs of the Class 340 fototrenes.tranvia.org
Images of Class 340 from railfaneurope.net
List of class 340 locomotives www.listadotren.es

340
B-B locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Spain
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1966
Passenger locomotives
Streamlined diesel locomotives