omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
8006 aluminium alloy. 8006 aluminium alloy is produced using iron, manganese and copper as additives. It is commonly rolled into thin sheets or foils and is often used in heat exchangers due to its corrosion resistance. 8006 aluminium is available as plate.

Chemical composition

Applications 
Aluminium 8006 is used in food packing, microelectronics, and in heat exchangers.

References

External links 
 Material Properties

Aluminium alloys
Information Delivery Specification. Information Delivery Specification (IDS) is a description format in the construction industry for specifying information for BIM building model and checking it automatically.

IDS (like IFC) is defined by buildingSMART; version 1.0 was published in June 2024.

Description
An IDS file is a machine-readable document that specifies requirements for a building model. It requires attributes to be supplied, or which attribute values are accepted. For example, it can require that the thermal transmittance of all windows in the building must be within a prescribed range, or that all room names must follow a regular expression such as "Office001".

A typical workflow is:

 Requirements are described on the client side using an IDS editor (also available free of charge).
 Requirements are taken into account during planning; BIM software can support the planner.
 Requirements are checked automatically with the IDS file and the building model as an IFC file.

References

External links
 Information Delivery Specification IDS on buildingSMART
 V1.0 Final buildingSMART Standard on GitHub

Industrial computing
Building
Building information modeling
OSS Maritime Unit. The Maritime Unit (MU) was a branch of the Office of Strategic Services that enabled maritime warfare for the allies during World War II. MU's mission was to "infiltrate agents and supply resistance groups by sea, conduct maritime sabotage, and to develop specialized maritime surface and subsurface equipment and devices." MU developed specialized boats, equipment, and explosives, fashioned underwater breathing gear, waterproof watches and compasses, an inflatable motorized surfboard, and "a two-man kayak that proved so promising that 275 were ordered by the British."

MU was originally established as a division of the Special Operations Branch of the OSS but was granted Branch status on June 10, 1942.

The Frogmen of the MU are considered pioneers of amphibious, maritime, and underwater warfare. While it was a civilian agency, the United States Navy SEALS state clearly that the OSS Maritime Unit is one of their direct preceding organizations.

MU planned and carried out the amphibious phases of OSS activities and assisted in the development of the special equipment required. If operations included water, the shoreline, coastal areas, or water approaches, then MU techniques were used.

Those techniques were clandestine ferrying, maritime sabotage, and beach and hydrographic reconnaissance.

The last living Frogman of the OSS was Henry “Hank” Weldon.

Organizational structure 
Field bases were located away from headquarters.

Headquarters was located in Washington, DC.

Inventions 
The Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit (LARU) was developed by Christian J. Lambertsen, a captain in the US Army assigned to the MU.

References 

World War II
Research and Analysis Branch
1942 establishments in the United States
1945 disestablishments in the United States
Agencies of the United States government during World War II
Defunct United States intelligence agencies
Government agencies disestablished in 1945
Government agencies established in 1942
Intelligence services of World War II
World War II espionage
J. Gordon Lippincott. J. Gordon Lippincott (1908-1998) was an American industrial designer and co-founder of the design firm Lippincott & Margulies.

Early life and education
Lippincott was born in 1908. He graduated from Swarthmore College with an engineering degree in 1931 and later earned a master's degree in architecture and civil engineering from Columbia University.

Career
Lippincott joined Pratt Institute's faculty in 1936, collaborating with Donald Dohner to help establish its design education program. While teaching, Lippincott began consulting as an industrial designer and authored Economics of Design in 1937.

In 1943, Lippincott and Dohner opened a design office in New York, initially partnering with the Douglas T. Sterling Company in Stamford, CT, and named the firm Dohner & Lippincott. After Dohner's death, Lippincott took over the editing of the industrial design section of Interiors magazine. The firm was renamed J. Gordon Lippincott and Company in 1944. Walter Margulies joined the firm in 1944, and it was subsequently renamed as Lippincott & Margulies. The firm's notable projects include the 1946 redesign of Campbell's soup packaging, introducing the iconic red-and-white can.

Lippincott published another book, Design for Business, in 1947 through Paul Theobold. He retired in 1969.

References

1908 births
1998 deaths
American industrial designers
Wei Qiu. Wei Qiu is the head of the Department of Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering at Memorial University of Newfoundland.

Education
Wei Qiu has a B.A.Sc. in naval architecture and a M.A.Sc. in ship structural mechanics from Dalian University of Technology. He then received a PhD in marine hydrodynamics from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Dalhousie University.

Teaching
Qiu has previously served as the interim associate dean of research for the Department of Engineering. He is currently the head of the Department of Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering at Memorial University of Newfoundland. In 2016 he received the Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Newfoundland and Labrador's Teaching Award.

Fellowships
He is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

References

Living people

Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of the Memorial University of Newfoundland
21st-century Chinese architects
21st-century Chinese engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
Dalhousie University alumni
Dalian University of Technology alumni
20th-century Chinese architects
Canadian academic administrators
Bryan Bozzi. Bryan Bozzi is an Italian-Danish Formula One race engineer. He has been part of the Scuderia Ferrari team for over a decade.  He was previously performance engineer for Charles Leclerc.

Personal life
He attended St. George's British International School in Rome, Italy. Later, he moved abroad to England and studied mechanical engineering at the University of Bath, where he received an honors degree. During his time at university, he participated in several Formula One student programs, which ignited his interest in racing. He is fluent in English and Italian.

Career
Bozzi applied for an internship at Ferrari which turned into a full-time position. Joining Ferrari in June 2012, his first role was as a Wind Tunnel Research & Development engineer. In December 2014, he was promoted to Aero Track Group Engineer until November 2018. After these roles, he fulfilled his dream of becoming a racing engineer for Scuderia Ferrari. Bozzi worked as Charles Leclerc's performance engineer since the driver's debut with Ferrari in 2019. At the 2024 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, he was promoted to Leclerc's race engineer, replacing Xavi Marcos.

Bozzi helped achieve a historical victory at the 2024 Monaco Grand Prix. Team Principal Fred Vasseur praised him for being "direct and decisive".

References

Living people
Ferrari people
Formula One engineers
Alumni of the University of Bath
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gaston Banda-Bafiot. Gaston Banda-Bafiot (15 May 1934 – 10 October 2014) was a Central African engineer, diplomat, and politician who served as the Minister of Mines and Geology and Minister of Energy.

Early life and education 
Bafiot was born on 15 May 1934 in Bossangoa. He completed his primary education in Bossangoa. Afterward, he went to France to continue his secondary school. He then studied Electrotechnical Engineering at Czech Technical University in Prague. In 1963, he took a doctoral degree in electricity from the Faculty of Science in Paris and finished it in 1965.

Career 
Bafiot returned to the Central African Republic in 1963 and worked in the postal service as an engineer. Upon finishing his doctoral degree, he interned at a laboratory in Fontenay from 1965 to 1966.

In 1967, Bokassa appointed Bafiot as director general of ENERCA, serving it until 1970. On 4 February 1970, Bafiot was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy until 25 June 1970. He then was designated as the Minister of Energy from 25 June 1970 to 13 September 1971. Subsequently, he then served as the Deputy Minister of Youth and Sports from 13 September 1971 to 13 May 1972.

Bokassa designated Bafiot as Ambassador of the Central African Republic to the United States on 21 August 1973. He arrived in the US on 2 October 1973 and presented the credential letters to President Nixon on 9 November 1973. He held that diplomatic position until January 1975, when Bokassa appointed him as advisor engineer at the Ministry of Energy and Mines (1975–1977).

Dacko assigned Bafiot as director general of ENERCA from 1979 to 1980. He then worked as an advisor to Dacko on energy issues (1980–1981) and then as minister of mines and geology (April to September 1981). After that, he became the director of Alliance Biblique of Central African Republic from 1982 to 1988. From 1989 to 1990, he served as Chief engineer at the Central Inspection of Public Works and Territorial Planning.

Death 
Bafiot died on 10 October 2014 at the University Hospitals of Strasbourg and was buried at Bischheim Municipal Cemetery on 17 October 2014. Before the burial, a funeral was held at Robertsau Funeral Center.

Personal life 
Bafiot was married and had seven children. He could speak fluent Sango, French, and limited English.

Awards 
 , Commander Order of Central African Merit.
 Gold Medal of Sport Merit - 1 May 1972.
 Officer of Operation Bokassa.

References

Bibliography 

1934 births
2014 deaths
People from Ouham
Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
Government ministers of the Central African Republic
Ambassadors of the Central African Republic to the United States
Energy ministers of the Central African Republic
Foto Afrati. Foto N. Afrati is a Greek computer scientist whose research involves distributed computing, distributed database queries, and approximation algorithms, especially using MapReduce. She is a retired professor in the School of Electrical and Computing Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens.

Education and career
Afrati studied electrical and mechanical engineering at the National Technical University of Athens, earning a diploma in 1976. She completed a PhD in 1980 at Imperial College London, with the dissertation Error Correcting Codes by Algorithms, supervised by Anthony G. Constantinides.

After postdoctoral research in electrical engineering at the National Technical University of Athens, she obtained a position there as lecturer in computer science in 1982. She was promoted to assistant professor in 1985, associate professor in 1989, and full professor in 1993.

Book
Afrati is a coauthor of the book Answering Queries Using Views (with Rada Chirkova, Synthesis Lectures on Data Management, Morgan & Claypool, 2017; 2nd ed., 2019). She is also an author of two Greek-language textbooks.

Recognition
Afrati was named as an ACM Fellow in 2014, "for contributions to the theory of database systems".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Greek computer scientists
Greek women computer scientists
National Technical University of Athens alumni
Alumni of Imperial College London
Academic staff of the National Technical University of Athens
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Falgunanda Highway. Falgunanda Highway (NH76) () is a provincial national highway under construction in Koshi Province, Nepal. The highway has a total length of .

The dirt track opening of Falgunanda Highway, which began two decades ago, was completed in January 2018. The first section of NH76, from Damak to the refugee camp (), was signed for upgrading to a blacktopped road on 14 August 2018. Additional sections were contracted for similar upgrades in February 2020. According to the Department of Roads,  from Damak to the refugee camp has been blacktopped, while  from the refugee camp to Baghmara is currently undergoing blacktopping. The remaining  from Baghmara to Chisapani and  from Chisapani to Rabi remain as dirt roads.

References

External links
 Map of National Highways of Nepal

Highways in Nepal

Roads in Koshi Province
Krystina Emmanouilides. Krystina Emmanouilides (born 1991) is a Greek-Australian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engineer, working for the Stake Formula 1 Sauber Team.

Education 
She attended Mac.Robertson Girls' High School. In 2013, Emmanouilides earned her bachelor's degree in motorsport engineering from Oxford Brookes University in England and in 2014, she completed her master's degree from Durham University, focusing on motorsport tyre heat transfer and aerodynamics. She has a strong background in aerodynamics and CFD.

Career 
Before starting her journey in Formula One, she was a vehicle dynamics engineer at Jaguar Land Rover. She has been working for Sauber since 2018.

She is an ambassador for Racing Pride and the Motorsport Australia FIA Girls on Track program, and in these roles she is an advocate for diversity and inclusion in the motorsport industry. She has supported grassroots initiatives like We Race as One.

In 2022, she was nominated for the "Female Engineer of the Year" award presented by McLaren Applied. She was nominated alongside Hannah Schmitz and Charlotte Phelps.

Personal life 
She grew up in Melbourne, Australia. She is a lesbian. She currently resides in Zurich, Switzerland.

References

1991 births
Living people
Australian people of Greek descent
Computational fluid dynamicists
Sauber Motorsport
Formula One engineers
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
Alumni of Durham University
Engineers from Melbourne
Place of birth missing (living people)
Western Resource Adequacy Program. The Western Resource Adequacy Program (WRAP) is an electricity planning and sharing agreement between electric utilities of the Western Power Pool.  Its goals are to improve regional reliability and adequacy while decreasing costs by moving utilities from an individual utility framework to a regional approach.  Program operations are based in Oregon.

The agreement calls for "forward showing" in which utilities must forecast demand seven months in advance and prove that they have secured access to sufficient supply to meet that forecast along with sufficient transmission capacity to deliver that supply.  It also calls for an "operational program" where utilities with an unforeseen near-term deficit can call out to other utilities for spare capacity via a regional marketplace.  Lastly, it calls for "enforcement" in which utilities can be charged for noncompliance.

The initial phase of the program is voluntary.  As of April 2023, 22 utilities from Canada and the USA have committed to this phase of the program.  The secondary phase of the program is binding.  Enforcement will begin in Summer 2025, with a probationary period running until Summer 2028.  The tariff for the WRAP was approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in 2023.

Two additional sharing markets, California Independent System Operator's Extended Day Ahead Market (EDAM) and Southwest Power Pool's (SPP) Markets++, will operate in adjacent areas and interoperate as needed.

See also
 RTOs and ISOs
 California Independent System Operator (CAISO)
 Southwest Power Pool (SPP)
 Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)
 Western Power Pool (WPP)

References

Electric power exchanges in North America
Hellgate (video game). Hellgate is a first-person shooter released for the Atari STe in 1997. The game was written in STOS BASIC by David Walters. The game received a complimentary review from the Atari Times. The game's source code was released under the MIT license in 2022.

See also
MIDI Maze
Substation (video game)
Destruction Imminent
Wolfenstein 3D

References

1995 video games 
Atari ST games 
First-person shooters 
Sprite-based first-person shooters 
Commercial video games with freely available source code 
Video games developed in the United Kingdom 
Atari ST-only games
Single-player video games
Celair Eagle 300. The Celair Eagle 300 was a light aircraft with STOL capability developed in South Africa in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Only a single prototype was constructed.

Design
The Eagle 300 was a strut-braced, high-wing monoplane of conventional design. The pilot and up to five passengers sat in an enclosed cabin, but the passenger seats were removable to make room for cargo. It had a conventional tail and was equipped with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. The portside, rear fuselage incorporated a large, upward hinging door for cargo loading.

The central fuselage was built from a steel tube structure, and the wings had a single steel spar, but otherwise, the Eagle 300 was constructed largely of composite materials. A honeycomb of low-pressure/elevated-temperature (LPET) fibreglass and Nomex honeycomb was used throughout.

Development
Pieter Celliers' firm Celair was the South African distributor for Christen and Pitts. In August 1987, Celliers engaged the South African government's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) to develop a 4-6 seat aircraft that was simple and rugged.

Celliers wanted to use composite materials for construction, and developed a sailplane, the Celair GA-1, in parallel with the Eagle to validate construction methods. When the GA-1 proved successful, he began construction of the Eagle at Celair's Roodewal factory near Ermelo.

The prototype, registered ZS-WLD, made its first flight on 4 April 1990. Shortly after this, Celliers displayed it at the Aviation Africa 90 trade show at Rand Airport. 

Celliers' plans for the Eagle were to obtain American FAR 23 and South African DCA certification and to put it into production by 1992.

By 1993, development had ceased and Celair was out of business. In February 1993, the rights to the Eagle design were put up for sale.

Specifications

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1990s South African civil utility aircraft
Celair aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Conventional-tail aircraft

Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Aircraft first flown in 1990
Single-engined piston aircraft
Özdemir Bayraktar. Özdemir Bayraktar (1949 - 18 October 2021) was a Turkish engineer and entrepreneur. He founded the Turkish private defense company Baykar and was its Chairman of the Board of Directors until his death in 2021. Bayraktar also contributed heavily to Turkey's UCAV industry, as a lead designer of the Baykar Bayraktar TB2 and the architect of the Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı.

Early life 
Özdemir Bayraktar was born in 1949 in the Garipçe neighborhood of Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey. His father was Lütfi Reis of Sürmene. He graduated from Kabataş Boys High School in Istanbul in 1967 and graduated from Istanbul Technical University's Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1972. He later graduated with a Master's degree from ITU's Department of Engines.

Career 
Bayraktar started his career as an engineer focusing on internal combustion engines. He worked at several of Turkey's leading industrial companies, including Burdur Tractors and Istanbul Retaining Ring Uzel.

In 1984, Bayraktar founded the company Baykar Makina, a subcontractor supplier of CNC precision machines which aimed to manufacture and sell automobile parts such as engines, pumps, and spare parts. The company began working with the Turkish military in the 1990s. In 2004, while assisting his son Selçuk with his MIT PhD dissertation on unmanned aerial vehicles, he made the decision to begin focusing Baykar's efforts on designing UCAVs.

Bayraktar contributed to Selçuk's design of the Bayraktar TB2, based on the Bayraktar TB1 prototype, which had its first flight in August 2014. He later designed the Bayraktar Akıncı which flew for the first time in December 2019.

Personal life and death 
Bayraktar married Canan Bayraktar, a graduate of Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. The couple had three sons together. Bayraktar's eldest son, Haluk, later became CEO and President of Baykar, while his middle son, Selçuk, later became CTO and Chairman of the Board of Baykar. He held a private pilot's license.

On 1 April 2021, he was awarded the Karabakh Order by Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev for his "contribution to the liberation of Karabakh from the occupation of Armenia". Özdemir Bayraktar died on 18 October 2021

References 

1949 births
2021 deaths
Baykar people
Kabataş Erkek Lisesi alumni
People from Sarıyer
Engineers from Istanbul
Businesspeople from Istanbul
20th-century Turkish businesspeople
21st-century Turkish businesspeople
20th-century Turkish engineers
21st-century Turkish engineers
2024 Thane explosion. On 23 May 2024, a fire broke out following the explosion of four boilers at a chemical factory in Dombivili, a suburb of Thane. Ten people were killed and more than 64 were injured.

Incident 
At 13:30 IST on 23 May 2024, four boilers exploded at the Amber Chemical Factory at Dombivili, a suburb of Thane. The factory was involved in the production of food coloring and other chemicals. The fire spread to nearby factories and buildings, before being extinguished. Ten people were killed and more than 64 were injured in the accident.

Aftermath 
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Thane Disaster Response FOrce (TDRF) and Maharashtra fire service were involved in fire control, search and rescue operations. The injured were rescued and treated in nearby hospitals. The owner of the factory was arrested after the accident and experts opined that fire safety regulations might not have been followed. The cause of the accident is under investigation. 

Government of Maharashtra announced that the fire started in a reactor and spread to other parts of the plant, resulting in the explosion. An expert committee was formed to investigate the accident. Chief Minister of Maharashtra Eknath Shinde announced an ex-gratia of  for the next of the kin who were killed.

References 

2024 disasters in India
Disasters in Mumbai
May 2024 in India