omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Maurice Say. Prof Maurice George Say FRSE (1902–1992) was a 20th-century British electrical engineer who served as the head of electrical engineering at Heriot-Watt College for 30 years. Friends knew him as Dick Say and in authorship he is M. G. Say.

Life
He was born in London on 8 June 1902 the son of Henry Robert Say and his wife, Elizabeth Sarah Eckersall. He was educated at Colfe's Grammar School in Horn Park east of London. He then studied electrical engineering at Imperial College, London under Prof T Mather, G W O Howe and Parker Smith, graduating BSc in 1921. Continuing as a postgraduate he studied commutator machines and gained an MSc before gaining a doctorate (PhD) on the topic of railway electrification (assisted by Sir Philip Dawson).

After a brief spell in industry he joined the Royal Technical College in Glasgow in 1926. In 1933 he received a professorship from Heriot-Watt in Edinburgh, remaining there for the remainder of his career.

In 1935 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Cameron Smail, Alexander Robert Horne, Sir Thomas Hudson Beare, and John Brown Clark.

In 1960/61 he presented the Faraday Lectures to the Institution of Electrical Engineers. In 1960 he also presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa.

He retired in 1963 just before Heriot Watt was given university status. They awarded him an honorary doctorate (DSc) in 1985.

Death
He died on 14 November 1992.

Family

In 1926, he married Eileen Mary Ashworth.  They had a daughter, Monica Ashworth Say (born on 5 November 1927 in Glasgow), and a son, David Giles Ashworth Say (born on 11 May 1939 in Glasgow).

Publications

Performance and Design of A/C Machines (1936)
Electrical Engineers Reference Book (1945) and many later editions
Analogue and Digital Computers (1960)
Unified Theory of Electromagnetic Machines (1971)
A/C Machines (1983)
D/C Machines (1986) (co-written with Eric Openshaw Taylor)

References

1902 births
1992 deaths
Engineers from London
People educated at Colfe's School
British electrical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Adrienne Stiff-Roberts. Adrienne Stiff-Roberts is an American electrical engineering and Jeffrey N. Vinik Professor of Electrical and computer engineering at Duke University. Her research is on novel hybrid materials for optoelectronic and energy devices.

Early life and education 
Stiff-Roberts completed her bachelor's degree in physics at Spelman College in 1991. She was part of a NASA and Spelman College Women in Science and Engineering program. Through this program, Stiff-Roberts worked as an intern at Ames Research Center during the summer. She then joined the Georgia Institute of Technology, where she earned a Bachelor of Engineering in 1999. She moved to the University of Michigan for her graduate studies, during which she investigated quantum dot photodetectors, gaining her PhD in 2004. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She was funded by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Graduate Scholars Fellowship and AT&T Labs Fellowship. She was also awarded the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.

Research and career 
At Duke University, which she joined in 2004, Stiff-Roberts leads a lab focussed on Resonant Infrared Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). This is a versatile technology that has evolved from pulsed laser deposition, which offers precise control of a material's composition. The technique involves freezing a solution of molecular building blocks, then blasting them with a laser in a vacuum chamber. The laser is tuned to the molecular bonds of the frozen solvent. She is working with David Mitzi to create perovskite solar cells.

Stiff-Roberts is involved with several initiatives to improve diversity within engineering. At Duke University Stiff-Roberts runs the Student Engineers Network, Strengthening Opportunities in Research (SENSOR) Saturday Academy for minority students in the 8th grade.  In 2017, Stiff-Roberts took part in Duke University's celebration of Hidden Figures. She is a member of the National Society of Black Physicists.

In 2019, Stiff-Roberts was promoted to be the Jeffrey N. Vinik Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Honors and awards 

 2016 Julian Abele Award for Graduate Mentor of the Year, Duke University Mary Lou Williams Center, Black Student Alliance, and Black Graduate and Professional Student Association. 2016
 2009 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Early Career Award in Nanotechnology 
 2008 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, Office of Naval Research 
 2007 Young Investigator Program Award, Office of Naval Research
 2006 National Science Foundation CAREER Award

References 

21st-century American engineers
21st-century African-American scientists
Duke University faculty
Spelman College alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the National Society of Black Physicists
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research. The Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research is an academic research group of the University of Central Florida located in Orlando, Florida, United States. The research conducted here covers several branches of engineering, dedicated to the study of: propulsion, turbine, combustion, and Energy transformation. Corporate partners include Siemens, GE, Alstom, Aerojet Rocketdyne, Embraer, and others.

References

Education in Orange County, Florida
21st Fleet Air Squadron (JMSDF). (which is also referred to as HS-21) is a unit in the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force. It is a part of the Fleet Air Force and comes under the authority of Fleet Air Wing 21. Equipped with Mitsubishi SH-60J & SH-60K anti-submarine helicopters, it is based at Tateyama Air Base in Chiba Prefecture.

Squadron structure
The squadron is composed of two flights: 
 211th Flight is equipped with SH-60J and SH-60K helicopters
 212th flight is equipped with only SH-60K helicopters

References

Aviation in Japan
Units and formations of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Military units and formations established in 2008
Gaoligongshan Tunnel. Gaoligongshan Tunnel or Gaoligong Mountain Rail Tunnel () is a  tunnel between Nujiang Station and Longling Station on the Dali–Ruili railway in Yunnan, China. It passes through the entirety of Longling County and then into Mangshi. Upon completion, it will be the longest mountain railway tunnel in Asia.

The tunnel is the key project of Dali–Ruili railway between Dali and Ruili. 

Construction started on 1 December 2015. The tunnel boring machine "Colorful Cloud No.1"() began work on 28 August 2017. The expected completion date for 1st phase is 31 May 2022, for a cost of  and 30 November 2025 for the 2nd phase.

Notes

References

Rail transport in Yunnan
Transport in Baoshan, Yunnan
Railway tunnels in China
Viscous damping. In continuum mechanics, viscous damping is a formulation of the damping phenomena, in which the source of damping force is modeled as a function of the volume, shape, and velocity of an object traversing through a real fluid with viscosity.

Typical examples of viscous damping in mechanical systems include:
 Fluid films between surfaces
 Fluid flow around a piston in a cylinder
 Fluid flow through an orifice
 Fluid flow within a journal bearing

Viscous damping also refers to damping devices. Most often they damp motion by providing a force or torque opposing motion proportional to the velocity. This may be affected by fluid flow or motion of magnetic structures. The intended effect is to improve the damping ratio.

 Shock absorbers in cars
 Seismic retrofitting with viscous dampers
 Tuned mass dampers in tall buildings
 Deployment actuators in spacecraft

Single-degree-of-freedom system 
In a single-degree-of-freedom system, viscous damping model relates force to velocity as shown below:

Where  is the viscous damping coefficient with SI units of . This model adequately describes the damping force on a body that is moving at a moderate speed through a fluid. It is also the most common modeling choice for damping.

See also
 Hysteresis
 Coulomb damping

References

Mechanical vibrations
Fluid mechanics 
Control theory
Jörg Bensinger. Jörg Bensinger is a German automotive chassis engineer, who pioneered four-wheel drive (all-wheel) transmission for conventional (on-road) automobiles in the 1980s, first developing the idea in 1977.

Career

Audi
He joined the R&D department of Audi in 1968.

Four wheel-drive
He tested a Volkswagen Iltis, a four-wheel drive military off-road vehicle, with another engineer Roland Gumpert in the late 1970s in Finland. He proposed a four-wheel drive road vehicle in February 1977 to Ferdinand Piëch, the head of R&D at Audi and . The go-ahead was given to test the idea with an Audi 80, with an allrad (all-wheel) design, without a centre differential. Parts from an Audi 100 were also taken to produce the new transmission design.

The car received the backing from the board of management of Audi in September 1977. The vehicle was tested on the Turracher Höhe Pass in Austria, one of the steepest routes in Europe, climbing the snow-covered 23% gradient without snow tyres. The vehicle was given to the head of R&D at Volkswagen, the Austrian Ernst Fiala, to test. A main feature is the dual-direction transmission system invented by Audi's head of transmission, Franz Tengler.

The new car, the Audi Quattro, under head of Audi design Hartmut Warkuß, was launched in Europe in 1980. It had a 2.1 litre turbocharged ten-valve straight-five engine that produced 197 bhp; it could go from 0-60 mph in seven seconds. The car, driven by Michèle Mouton, entered the 1981 World Rally Championship, and dominated the World Rally Championship (WRC) for the next years.

Personal
He married Jutta Raisch, who is also a glider pilot. They fly their gliders from Vaumeilh airfield.

See also
 Rod Mansfield, British pioneering rally car designer

References

Living people
Audi people
German automotive pioneers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Storm Water Solutions. Storm Water Solutions (SWS) magazine, a supplement of Roads & Bridges and Water & Wastes Digest, is a magazine that was created by Scranton Gillette Communications, Inc. in 2005.

SWS reaches than 70,000 industry professionals across print and digital publication.

Article content
The magazine provides industry news, as well as information on industry technologies and case studies. Subscribers include engineers, contractors, government officials and other professionals who seek timely information regarding storm water management, green infrastructure, wetland restoration, watershed planning, combined sewer overflows, erosion control, hydroseeding and more.

Awards
SWS was a 2017 ASBPE (American Society of Business Publication Editors) Awards of Excellence Upper Midwest Regional Bronze Winner for e-Newsletter General Excellence. SWS annually presents Top Project Awards to noteworthy projects in the storm water and erosion control industries.

References

External links 

 Storm Water Solutions website
 Water & Wastes Digest website
 Roads & Bridges website
 Scranton Gillette Communications, Inc. - Website
 American Society of Business Publication Editors website

Engineering journals
Fex. Fex or FEX may refer to:

 Fabric extenders, in Cisco Nexus switches#Nexus 2000 series
 Fex (band), German new wave and post-punk band
 Fexofenadine, an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug
 Foreign Extemporaneous Speaking, speech delivery style
 Val Fex, a valley in the Upper Engadine in Switzerland
Ulrich Schwaneberg. Ulrich Schwaneberg (born 17 June 1969 in Waiblingen, Germany) is a German chemist and protein engineer. He is the Chair of Biotechnology at RWTH Aachen University and member of the scientific board  at the Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials in Aachen. 
He specializes in directed evolution of proteins for material science applications and on the development of its methodologies. The latter comprise methods for diversity generation (e.g. PLICing, SeSaM, OmniChange, cepPCR, PePevo), as well as high-throughput screening systems (e.g. Fur-Shell). 
His work group has elucidated general design principles of enzymes by analyzing libraries that contain the full natural diversity of a hydrolase with single amino acid exchanges and developed strategies to efficiently explore the protein sequence space (e.g. KnowVolution) and discovered protein engineering principles.

Career
Ulrich Schwaneberg studied chemistry at the University of Stuttgart and received his diploma in 1996. His doctoral studies were also conducted at University of Stuttgart in the Institute of Technical Biochemistry under the supervision of R. D. Schmid. After his graduation in  July 1999, he joined the lab of Frances H. Arnold at California Institute of Technology as post-doctoral fellow for two years. In January 2002, he was appointed as professor at Jacobs University Bremen. In January 2009, he was appointed as head of the Institute of Biotechnology at RWTH Aachen University and in 2010  co-appointed to the scientific board of directors at the DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials. Furthermore, he serves on the board of directors in the Bioeconomy Science Center that aims at advancing and focussing research efforts in the area of bioeconomy in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and serves as speaker of the industry lab HICAST (Henkel Innovation Campus for Advanced and Sustainable Technologies) at RWTH Aachen University

He is a co-inventor on a number of patents of several improved enzymes which have been transferred into industrial use. In 2008, he also co-founded the SeSaM-Biotech GmbH which offers directed evolution services
In 2013, he received a visiting professorship for senior international scientists of the Chinese Academy of Science, in 2015 a specially appointed professorship at Osaka University, in 2016 the 1.7 M € BMBF award for the Next Generation of Biotechnological Processes and in 2018 the Innovation Award of the BioRegions in Germany for a plant health release technology.

References

External links

 Schwaneberg Research Group
 Innovation Award of the Bioregions Germany
 BMBF Award for the Next Generation of Biotechnological Processes
 Henkel Innovation Campus for Sustainable and Advanced Technologies (HICAST)
 greenRelease technology
 Bioeconomy Science Center

1969 births
Living people
University of Stuttgart alumni
Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University
21st-century German chemists
People from Waiblingen
Academic staff of Osaka University
Sabhyata Dwar. The  Sabhyata Dwar or Civilization Gate is a sandstone arch monument located on the banks on River Ganga in the city of Patna in the Indian state of Bihar. The Sabhyata Dwar is built with a Mauryan-style architecture with a purpose to show the ancient glory of Pataliputra and traditions and culture of the state of Bihar. The monument was first envisioned by the former Lieutenant General Srinivas Kumar Sinha. The  high structure is taller than Gateway of India by  and was built at a cost of ₹ 5 crore (50 million). The monument is spread over an area of one acre within the campus of Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre. The arches of the Dwar contain inscriptions attributed to Megasthenes, Ashoka, Buddha and Mahavira. Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated the monument on 21 May 2018.

History 
The idea for constructing a Gateway of India like structure was pitched by the former Jammu and Kashmir Governor Retired Lieutenant General Srinivas Kumar Sinha (SK Sinha) in 2010. SK Sinha suggested the idea to build a Sabhyata Dwar (Civilisation Gate) near the residence of City Superintendent of Police on the banks of River Ganga to show how the river port of Pataliputra attracted people from across the world.

Construction 
On 8 February 2014, foundation stone of Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre was laid by the then Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar of which the Sabhyata Dwar was a part of. The plan of the building was drawn by a Delhi based firm. Construction of the monument was done by the building and construction department of the Bihar government. On 21 May 2018, Sabhyata Dwar was inaugurated by the Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar. The cost of construction of the project is  5 crore (50 million).

Structure and appearance 
The Sabhyata Dwar is built on an area of one acre within the campus of Samrat Ashok International Convention Centre, north of Gandhi Maidan. At  high the structure is taller than Gateway of India () and Golghar (). The Dwar faces Ganga on its northern side. It consists of two arches built with Mauryan architecture with a smaller arch on either side. The structure is constructed from red and white sandstones. Atop the arch monument is a small  stupa upon which rests Ashoka's four-sided lion capital made from alloyed metal. The northern and southern faces of the arches contain inscriptions attributed to Megasthenes, Ashoka, Buddha and Mahavira.

See also
 
 Bihar Museum 
 Kargil Chowk 
 Shaheed Smarak Patna 
 Buddha Smriti Park 
 India Gate

References

Monuments and memorials in Bihar
Tourist attractions in Patna
Buildings and structures in Patna
Triumphal arches
Memorials to Ashoka
2018 establishments in Bihar
Anatoly Akishin. Anatoly Ivanovich Akishin (; born 9 June 1926) is a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of space materials science and nuclear physics, professor.

Biography 
He was born on 9 June 1926 in Moscow.

In 1950 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, in 1958 defended his thesis, in 1977 he was awarded the title of professor.

He carried out research work in the field of physical electronics, radiation physics, forecasting and imitation of the impact of various space factors on materials and elements of space vehicles, testing materials of a thermonuclear reactor, radiation technology.

In 1979 he received the State Prize of the USSR as a member of a group of scientists for his work in the field of space research.

As a scientist, he became famous for the studies related to methods of simulating the effects of the space environment on materials and elements of space vehicles.

Literature 

 Акишин А.И. Ионная бомбардировка в вакууме. -М. : Госэнергоиздат, 1963, 144 с.
 Effects of Space Condition on Materials.A.I.Akishin (Editor).Nova Science═ Publishers, Inc. N.Y.,2001,p. 199
 Akishin A.I., Tyutrin Yu.I., Khorosh A.G. Destruction of insulators in superconducting magnetic systems for use in thermonuclear reactors due to electrostatic charge under gamma and electron irradiation. J. of Nuclear Materials, 1991-1994(1992), p. 1372-1373.
 Акишин А.И., Булгаков Ю.В., Васильев С.С., Вернов С.Н., Николаев В.С., Теплов И.Б. Моделирование радиационного воздействия космической среды на материалы и элементы КА. Proc. XVII Congress YAF, North Holl. Co., 1968, с. 279–291.
 Акишин А.И., Новиков Л.С. Электризация космических аппаратов. -М.: Знание, 1985/3, 63 с.
 Акишин А.И.Методы радиационных испытаний космических материалов.Учебное пособие.Из-во Мос.гос.ун-та.2005,с.143.

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Russian physicists
1926 births
Living people
Bloom (phase). In polymer chemistry, materials science, and food science, bloom refers to the migration of one component of a solid mixture to the surface of an article.  The process is an example of phase separation or phase aggregation.

Materials science

Blooming is commonly encountered in polymer additives such as stabilizers. Many polymers are essentially pure hydrocarbons whereas additives are often significantly more polar, this results their being forced out via hydrophobic forces. The blooming of additives may be desirable or undesirable. For example, the migration of antioxidants to the polymer surface may help it resist degradation. Conversely, the leaching of additives from packaging materials into foods, or the blooming of additives in biomedical devices is often of high concern. Regulations exist in many counties that require both the levels of blooming and the materials involved to be of a safe level, for example the international symbol for materials approved for food contact is a wine glass and a fork symbol.

Sulfur bloom 
Sulfur bloom refers to the migration of sulfur, usually as S8, to the surface of a rubber article either before or after vulcanization.  Blooming is undesirable in rubber processing.  When sulfur bloom appears before vulcanization, the rubber is deprived of the crosslinking agent. Sulfur bloom after vulcanization indicates incomplete vulcanization. To prevent sulfur blooming, rubber industry utilizes amorphous, polymeric forms of sulfur referred to as "insoluble sulfur" for sulfur vulcanisation. It remains insoluble in uncured rubber, thereby preventing migration and blooming. In rubber processing, ingredients other than sulfur can also "bloom", including antioxidants, fatty acids, and accelerators.

Food science

Chocolate bloom

Chocolate bloom refers two types of whitish coating that can appear on the surface of chocolate: fat bloom, caused by changes in the fat crystals in the chocolate; and sugar bloom, due to crystals formed by the action of moisture on the sugar. Chocolate that has "bloomed" remains edible but may have an unappetizing appearance and texture.

See also
 Efflorescence

References

Rubber
Sulfur
Polymer chemistry
Alexey Alexandrov. Alexey Aleksandrovich Alexandrov (; born 1933) is a Soviet and Russian scientist and professor in the field of thermal engineering.

Biography 
He was born in 1933.

In 1950 he graduated from the Shipbuilding College in Arkhangelsk. In the same year he entered the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. After graduation, he remained in it to work as a teacher at the Department of Theoretical Foundations of Heat Engineering.

He carried out a lot of research work, in 1985 he was awarded the title of professor.

He is the Chairman of the Russian National Committee on the Properties of Water and Water, since 1992 is an Honorary Member of the International Association for the Properties of Steam and Water (IAPS).

In the 1970s, under his leadership, an experimental device was created at the institute to measure sound velocities at temperatures up to 650 K and pressures up to 100 MPa. Equations for the thermophysical properties of water and water vapor were obtained by this device in a large range of state parameters.

In 2002, he was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation.

Literature 

 Tables of thermophysical properties of water and water vapor: a reference book / AA Aleksandrov, BA Grigor'ev. - Moscow: MPEI, 2003.
 Practical work on technical thermodynamics: Textbook. manual for universities / VN Zubarev, AA Alexandrov, VS Okhotin. - 3rd ed., Pererab. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1986.
 Thermal physical properties of water and water vapor / SL Rivkin, AA Aleksandrov. - M.: Energy, 1980.
 Dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of water in the critical region. AA Alexandrov, AB Matveev. TVT, 19: 2 (1981).

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Russian physicists
1933 births
Living people
Content intelligence. Content intelligence is a method that uses artificial intelligence systems and software algorithms analyze data content. AI edits the behavioral analysis of customers and clients, while the software processes vast amounts of data in order to provide insight on content trends, efficiency
and sentiment analysis.

See also 
 Content moderation
 Customer Data Platform
 Marketing and artificial intelligence
 Marketing intelligence
 Media intelligence

References 

AI software
Collective intelligence
Content designers
Content management systems

Mass media monitoring
Marketing software
Product design
User-generated content