omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Floriana Esposito. Floriana Esposito (born 1947) is an Italian computer scientist whose research topics in artificial intelligence and machine learning have included decision tree learning, description logic, and document layout analysis. She is a professor of computer science and the former dean of computer science at the University of Bari, where she heads the Laboratory for Knowledge Acquisition and Machine Learning.

Education and career
Esposito studied electronic physics at the University of Bari, earning a laurea (the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) in 1970. She became an assistant professor at the university in 1974, an associate professor in 1984, and a full professor in 1994. She served as dean of the university's Faculty of Computer Science from 1997 to 2002, and head of the Department of Computer Science from 2003 to 2008.

She founded the Laboratory for Knowledge Acquisition and Machine Learning (LACAM) in 1989, and continues to serve as its scientific director.

Recognition
Esposito is a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence, elected as a fellow in 2006.

References

External links
Home page at the University of Bari

1947 births
Living people
Italian computer scientists
Italian women computer scientists
University of Bari alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bari
Fellows of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence
Colmena. The Colmena project is a science and engineering experiment to design and deploy tiny autonomous robots to explore the surface of the Moon. It was created at the National Autonomous University of Mexico by the LINX Space Instrumentation Laboratory, at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences of the UNAM, and funded equally by grants from the Mexican Space Agency and the National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies in Mexico. It is the first Latin American scientific instrument designed to explore the surface of the Moon.

The payload consists of five small, autonomous robots, each weighing less than 60 grams and measuring 12 centimeters in diameter, which are designed to be catapulted onto the lunar surface. Once the robots are on the surface, they locate each other and collaborate in a swarm to accomplish their science mission (thus the project name, which is Spanish for Beehive). 

It was launched on 8 January 2024 on the maiden flight of the Vulcan Centaur rocket as a co-hosted payload on the Astrobotic Peregrine Mission One to the Moon. However following a propellent issue with the lander, the mission was aborted and the lander along with Colmena burned up in the earth's atmosphere over the South Pacific Ocean, with a last reported contact by the Canberra tracking station at 20:59 GMT.

References

External links 
 Project website

Research vessels of Mexico
Robots of Mexico
Space exploration
Space program of Mexico
Telepresence robots
JP-10 (fuel). JP-10 (Jet Propellant 10) is a synthetic jet fuel, specified and used mainly as fuel in missiles. Being designed for military purposes, it is not a kerosene based fuel.

Developed to be a gas turbine fuel for cruise missiles, it contains mainly exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCPD) with some endo-isomer impurity. About 100 ppm of alkylphenol-based antioxidant is added to prevent gumming. Optionally, 0.10–0.15% of fuel system icing inhibitor may be added. Exo-THDCPD is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of dicyclopentadiene and then isomerization.

It superseded JP-9, which is a mixture of norbornadiene-based RJ-5 fuel, tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and methylcyclohexane, because of a lower temperature service limit and about four times lower price. Since the lack of volatile methylcyclohexane makes its ignition difficult, a separate priming fluid PF-1 with about 10-12% of this additive is required for the engine start-up. Its main use is in the Tomahawk missiles.

The Russian equivalent is called .

Chemical properties of JP-10 fuel 

 Chemical formula: C10H16
 H/C (Hydrogen/Carbon) ratio (mole): 1.6
 Average molecular weight (g/mol): 136.2
 LHV (lower heating value) (MJ/kg): 43.0

Uses
JP-10 absorbs heat energy, so is endothermic with a relatively high density of 940 kg/m3. It has a low freezing point of less than  and the flash point is . The high energy density of 39.6 MJ/L makes it ideal for military aerospace applications - its primary use. The ignition and burn chemistry has been extensively studied. The exo isomer also has a low freezing point. Its other properties have also been studied extensively.

Even though its uses are mainly for the military, the relatively high cost has meant research has been undertaken to find lower costs routes including the use of cellulosic materials.

Further research
Current and past areas of research focus on:
 The pyrolysis and kinetics of the fuel.
 Catalytic addition of nanoparticles such as those based on cerium(IV) oxide.
 Catalysis for the endo to exo isomerisation.
 Use of additives in JP-10 for various enhancements.

References

Further reading

Aviation fuels
Liquid fuels
Petroleum products

de:JP-10
Hawker Siddeley P.1017. The Hawker Siddeley P.1017 was a proposed RAF/Fleet Air Arm VTOL capable strike fighter concept.

Development
In 1962, Hawker-Siddeley developed a design for the P.1017 short/vertical take-off and landing carrier-based attack aircraft to possibly replace or complement the Blackburn Buccaneer aircraft. The design was to use variable-sweep wings, lift engines installed in the nose/tail sections of the fuselage, and main engine nacelles with a nozzle that could deviate to change the thrust vectoring. The aircraft had a T-shaped tail, although a version with a V-tail was also developed.

References

1960s British fighter aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
P.1017
T-tail aircraft
Twinjets
Variable-sweep-wing aircraft
V/STOL aircraft by thrust vectoring
VTOL aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom
Ian Smith (civil engineer). Ian F. C. Smith is a Canadian and Swiss civil engineer and the Director of the TUM Georg Nemetschek Institute Artificial Intelligence for the Built World at the Technical University of Munich, Germany.

Career

Smith completed his undergraduate degree in civil engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada (1978) in a five-year program of alternating four-month periods of studying and industrial experience where he worked in structural design offices, a boundary-layer wind tunnel lab (University of Western Ontario) and two steel fabricators in Canada.

After completing his PhD at the Engineering Department of the University of Cambridge, UK in 1982, he continued his research and teaching career at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland.  Starting in the Civil Engineering Department (1982-1991), he worked on measurement systems, fatigue, and fracture mechanics in several collaborations with industry partners.

He switched to the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the Computer Science Department (1991-1996) in order to focus on software applications for the construction industry. Back in the Civil Engineering Department, he was appointed associate professor in 1999 and Full Professor in 2005.

Smith was Head of the Applied Computing and Mechanics Laboratory (IMAC) (2000-2020) and Chair of the Structural Engineering Institute at the School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (2001-2006).

He has been the Director of the TUM Georg Nemetschek Institute Artificial Intelligence for the Built World, Technical University of Munich (TUM), since March 1, 2022. He is also emeritus Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland and an adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon University, USA since 2011.

His research activity is on the intersection of computer science with the built environment. In 1993, he founded the European Group for Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence (EG-SEA-AI). This group later became the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE).

In 2003, he co-authored the textbook Engineering Informatics: Fundamentals of Computer-Aided Engineering (Wiley), the 2nd edition of which appeared in June 2013. In 2004, he was elected to the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences and in 2005, he received the Computing in Civil Engineering Award from the ASCE.

From 2010 to 2020, he directed a second research group in Asia as Principal Investigator at the ETH Future Cities Laboratory, CREATE, Singapore. In 2022, he was elected to the National Academy of Construction, USA.

References

External links 

  Ian F.C. Smith at ORCID

Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Swiss civil engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Katrin Kneipp. Katrin Kneipp is a German physicist.

Biography
Kneipp was born in Thuringen and studied physics at Friedrich Schiller University and Humboldt University Berlin. She was an assistant professor at Harvard University Medical School and has been a visiting professor at MIT.

She has written about her memories of Millie Dresselhaus.

Research
She works on single-molecule Raman spectroscopy spectra and Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as well as bio-medically relevant molecules.

Honours and awards
 2004 – Fellow of the American Physical Society for "contributions to the application of Raman scattering in nanotechnology and the biomedical field."
 Fellow of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy
 2000 - Rockefeller-Mauze visiting chair award at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 1999 - Meggers award of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy

Selected publications

Books edited

Selected papers

References

Living people
German women physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Spectroscopists
Raman spectroscopy
University of Jena alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Achille Nodari. Achille Nodari (Castel Goffredo, 1878 – Castel Goffredo, 1946) was an Italian engineer and entrepreneur, a pioneer in the industrialization of the area which would later become famous as the Castel Goffredo stocking district.

Biography 
He was a landowner and in 1925 he set up the first hosiery factory in Castel Goffredo, together with his brothers Delfino and Oreste Eoli. It was called NO.E.MI., which consisted of the initials of the founders' surnames with the addition of the initials of Milan, where the company's administrative headquarters were located.

The NO.E.MI Calzificio was regarded as "the cradle of the technical-entrepreneurial culture of Castel Goffredo".

In the 1950s the company, which ran into difficulty when fashion introduced cheaper socks without stripes, began to outsource some products, giving rise to an industrial offshoot: a laboratory in every home.

He held the position of mayor of Castel Goffredo for three terms: from 1923 to 1927, from 1928 to 1930 and from 1934 to 1938.

He died in Castel Goffredo at the age of 68.

References 

Italian businesspeople
1878 births
1946 deaths
People from Castel Goffredo
Nako Nakatsuka. Nako Nakatsuka is a Japanese researcher and Assistant Professor of Neurotechnology at EPFL. Her research is focused on pioneering translational technologies that directly impact human health. Her research group, the Laboratory of Chemical Nanotechnology (CHEMINA) works at the intersection of chemistry, engineering, and neuroscience to develop innovative strategies to support patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. She was awarded the 2023 Prix Zonta.

Early life and education 
Nakatsuka was born in Osaka. She enrolled at the International School of the Sacred Heart, which was an all girls' English speaking school. She was an undergraduate student at Fordham University, where she majored in chemistry and bioengineering. She has said that at Fordham University she was inspired by Ipsita Banerjee. At Fordham she was a competitive athlete who ran cross country. She was a doctoral researcher at University of California, Los Angeles, where she worked alongside Paul Weiss and Anne M. Andrews. Her doctoral research considered aptamer-functionalised field effect transistors for serotonin and dopamine sensing. She used chemical lift-off lithography and microfluidics to pattern small molecules in specific locations, which allowed for quantification of specific binding. She developed on-chip sensors for calculation of equilibrium dissociation constants. While in UCLA she contributed to the children's book A is for Atom: ABCs for Aspiring Chemists, which introduces pre-kindergarten children to chemistry and the alphabet.

Research and career 
Nakatsuka develops sensors that could be used to detect chemical changes in the brain that could be indicative of neurodegenerative disease and depression. Her sensors could be used to differentiate between similar molecules, e.g. neurotransmitters, precursors and metabolites. Nakatsuka used a DNA-based aptamer, which has a specific affinity for serotonin. Serotonin is critical in sleep and appetite, and is impacted by depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder. In the presence of serotonin the shape of the aptamer changes, which alters the electrical current. She aims to implant the sensor close to individual neurons to map serotonin activity in the brain.

Nakatsuka moved to ETH Zurich in 2018, first as a postdoctoral fellow and eventually joining the faculty.  She was awarded the 2023 ETH Zurich Prix Zonta, which supports women scientists and professors. In 2024 she was awarded the Fondation Philanthropique Famille Sandoz prize to develop neurochemical biosensors for monitoring neurological disease.

Awards and honours 

 2021 Innovators Under 35 
 2023 ETH Zurich Prix Zonta
 2024 Fondation Philanthropique Famille Sandoz Prize

Select publications

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Japanese women medical researchers
21st-century Japanese women scientists
Japanese women neuroscientists
Thea Energy. Thea Energy is an American fusion power company founded in 2022 after a spin-out from the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Its original name was Princeton Stellarators, Inc (PSI). Thea Energy's approach to commercial fusion is based on the stellarator approach using a unique set of all-planar electromagnetic coils. This all-planar coil approach was developed by PPPL and licensed by Thea Energy.

History

Thea Energy was founded in 2022 as Princeton Stellarators, Inc, based on technology licensed from PPPL.

Thea Energy received two United States Department of Energy INFUSE awards in 2022 and one in 2023.

In May 2023, Thea was one of eight companies chosen for the United States Department of Energy Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program.

Approach 

Thea Energy's approach is a variant of the stellarator in which the complex, modular electromagnetic coils are replaced by an array of small, simple, planar electromagnetic coils. This approach simplifies the design, allows for precise 3D control of the resultant magnetic field, and allows for increased access for system maintenance.

As an intermediate step towards a fusion power plant, Thea is building Eos, a neutron source based on the same technology. Eos is intended to demonstrate the technology and generate near-term revenue. It is expected to run sub-breakeven with respect to energy, but produce large numbers of neutrons for the creation of radioisotopes such as tritium and medical radioisotopes. The fuel for the neutron source will be deuterium rather than a mixture of deuterium and tritium.

See also 

 Wendelstein 7-X
 Plasma stability

References

External links 

 Thea Energy presentations and publications page~~

Fusion power companies
Nuclear technology companies
Hélène Fargier. Hélène Fargier is a French computer scientist whose research involves decision making under uncertainty, modeled as constraint satisfaction and flexible or fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems, and applied to problems in operations research such as job-shop scheduling. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), affiliated with the Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), and a chairholder in the Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (ANITI).

Education and career
Fargier received both an engineering degree and a diplôme d'études approfondies in control theory from the University of Technology of Compiègne in 1988. After working as a research engineer at Alcatel for three years, she returned to graduate study at Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, completing her doctorate there in 1994. Her dissertation, Problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes flexibles : Application à l'ordonnancement de production, was jointly supervised by Didier Dubois and Henri Prade.

She became a researcher for the CNRS in 1996. She obtained a habilitation through Paul Sabatier University in 2006, and was named as a director of research in 2008.

Recognition
Fargier is a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence, elected as a fellow in 2014.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
French computer scientists
French women computer scientists
University of Toulouse alumni
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Fellows of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence
Christoph Merten. Christoph Merten (born 1976) is a German bio-engineer and entrepreneur; currently professor at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne). He is an adjunct scientist at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Lausanne. His research focuses on developing biomedical microfluidics technologies for drug discovery, diagnostics, and personalized therapy in cancer research.

Career 

Christoph studied biochemistry and organic chemistry at the Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany. He did his PhD at the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Langen, Germany before having a first postdoctoral research position at the Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Biology, in Cambridge, UK.

In 2005, he started a second postdoctoral appointment at the Institut de science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS) in Strasbourg, France. He focused on droplet-based microfluidics for cellular assays and started his research group in 2007. From 2010 to 2019, he served as a group leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, where he established high-throughput droplet-based microfluidic screening platforms.

In 2019, he was named associate professor of bioengineering at EPFL and currently leads the laboratory for biomedical microfluidics (LBMM) within the School of Engineering. He also holds an adjunct scientist position at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research's Lausanne branch.

Entrepreneurship
In 2017 he became the scientific founder of Velabs Therapeutics, a microfluidic antibody discovery company now operating as Veraxa Biotech. He is also leading the TheraMe! consortium, developing microfluidic technologies for personalized cancer treatment. This work resulted in the foundation of the EPFL-based Startup TheraMe! in 2023.

Research 
His laboratory currently uses droplet-based approaches to address questions related to personalized medicine, biological screening assays, and genomics. In the context of cancer therapy, this work has allowed cost-efficient screening of numerous drug combinations on tumor samples issued from patient biopsies, enabling rapid determination of personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.

Selected publications

References

External links 
 

Living people
Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
21st-century German scientists
Bioengineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carlos Cuadra. Carlos Albert Cuadra (December 21, 1925August 31, 2022) was an American computer scientist and documentary filmmaker. He was a pioneer in the creation of online databases and was honored with the Award of Merit from the Association for Information Science and Technology.

Carlos Cuadra was born in San Francisco, California (US). He dropped out of high school to join the U.S. Navy during World War II in 1944. He left the Navy two years later (1946) with a diploma in Morse code, which allowed him to enter the University of California, Berkeley. He studied clinical psychology and received his doctorate in this subject in 1953, working for a few years at the mental health center of that university and in other similar centers in the United States. During these years, Cuadra applied his programming knowledge to the treatment of medical information.

In 1956 Cuadra joined the RAND Corporation, which worked with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the creation of an air defense system. He works in departments of first-time document databases with basic information for the industry. From these efforts, System Development Corporation, better known by its acronym SDC, was born, a specialized center for online information. There, Cuadra began to create software applied to the field of Information and Documentation. 

Cuadra developed software for the National Library of Medicine.

In 1972, he founded ORBIT, the first commercial online host, which was followed by four more editions.

Carlos Cuadra left SDC in 1978 to found, Cuadra Associates, where he created the Directory of Online Databases (DOD) resource, an online database directory.  Its first page consisted of a table detailing the evolution of the number of databases, producers, hosts and gateways with data from previous editions.

He then created the Directory of Portable Databases, a directory with information about databases on CD-ROMs, tapes, and floppy disks.

In addition to his work as a programmer and distributor of documentary information products, Cuadra was also an editor. He founded the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) in 1966 which he edited until 1975. ARIST is an annual collection of peer-reviewed, comprehensive, and systematic reviews on topics relevant to information science, computing science, technology studies, and related fields. The third edition was awarded the Best Book published in 1969 by the Association for Information Science and Technology.

Carlos Cuadra was awarded the Award of Merit in 1968 by the Association for Information Science and Technology—its highest award.

References

1925 births
2022 deaths
Information scientists
Hispanic and Latino American people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Scientists from San Francisco
Samarium(III) antimonide. Samarium antimonide is a binary inorganic compound of samarium and antimony with the formula SmSb. It forms crystals.

Preparation 
Samarium antimonide can be prepared by heating samarium and antimony in a vacuum:

Physical properties 

Samarium antimonide forms cubic crystals, space group Fm3m, cell parameters a = 0.6271 nm, Z = 4,  and structure like sodium chloride.

The compound melts congruently at a temperature of ≈2000 °C or 1922 °C.

References 

Samarium(III) compounds
Antimonides
Antimony compounds