omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mlody Lotnik glider. The Mlody Lotnik glider, commonly shortened to Mlody Lotnik, was the result of a 1926 initiative from the Polish magazine Mlody Lotnik ("Young Aviator") to provide plans and instructions for a homebuilt, low cost, basic glider with the aim of popularizing gliding and aviation amongst the young.

Design and development

In mid-1926 the Polish magazine Mlody Lotnik published details of a basic glider, designed by Antoni Uszacki, financed by LOPP and with technical help and operational guidance from W.C.B.L and Władyslaw Zalewski, offering low cost, detailed plans and constructional advice. Several were built by Mlody Lotnik's young readership, some incorporating their own modifications. To introduce new pilots to flying, the Mlody Lotnik could be operated as a manned kite, then later in their training launched conventionally.

Both the wing and the fuselage of the Mlody Lotnik were unusual. By 1926 biplane gliders, never common, had almost disappeared but the Mlody Lotnik was an all-wood single bay biplane. Its wings were braced on each side with a pair of parallel, vertical interplane struts which projected above the upper surface, assisted by wires both above and between the wings. Its upper and lower wings had unequal spans but no stagger. Fabric covering was applied only to the wing undersides.

Wooden, open frame fuselage gliders were common before World War II. Most, like the influential German Zögling and the Polish Wallis S.1, had a single frame but some had two frames in parallel like the Karpiński SL.1 Akar. The Mlody Lotnik mixed these forms with a fuselage with a narrow Y-shape plan, forked forwards but single aft. Built principally from a mixture of  diameter pine rods, the upper and lower chords were almost parallel, cross braced with vertical and diagonal members. The pilot's completely open seat and controls were mounted across the fork under the wing leading edge. Each branch of the Y carried a landing skid, U-shaped in profile; alternatively, take-offs and landings could be made on the pilot's feet.

The frames merged at the penultimate vertical cross member, where the empennage began. A delta-plan tailplane was mounted on the top of the frame and extended rearwards to the final cross-member, which reached above the frame and formed the rudder post. The Mlody Lotnik's fin started at the same point as the tailplane and was also triangular, though low; the rudder, a cropped rectangle in profile, extended to the bottom of the frame. All tail surfaces were fabric-covered.

The first group to complete an example of the Mlody Lotnik was the Warsaw 'Start' Aviation Circle, who incorporated some improvements and named their aircraft the K.S.L.1. This was also on show at the 1927 LOPP exhibition in Warsaw. It is not known how many other examples were completed and flown; another modified Mlody Lotnik was built by pupils at the National Industrial School in Kraków, directed by Arcinowski.

Variants
K.L.S.1 Improved Mlody Lotnik designed and built by the Warsaw-based students of the 'Start' Aviation Circle.

Specifications

References

1920s Polish sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Richard Schwartz. Richard Schwartz may refer to:

 Richard Schwartz (bridge) (1943–2019), American bridge player
 Richard Schwartz (engineer), American aerospace engineer
 Richard Schwartz (mathematician) (born 1966), American mathematician
 Richard Schwartz (politician) (born c. 1959), New York politician and businessperson
 Richard C. Schwartz, creator of the Internal Family Systems branch of psychotherapy
 Richard D. Schwartz (c. 1925–2017), American lawyer
 Richard H. Schwartz (born 1934), vegetarian and animal rights activist
 Rick Schwartz (born 1967), American film and television producer

See also
 Richard Schwarz (1890–?), German-Russian track and field athlete
Elizabeth Hillman. Elizabeth M. C. Hillman is a  British-born academic who is Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology at Columbia University. She was awarded the 2011 Adolph Lomb Medal from The Optical Society and the 2018 SPIE Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award.

Education 
Hillman studied physics at University College London, and graduated with a combined B.Sc. and M.Sc. degree in 1998. She earned her PhD in Medical Physics and Bioengineering in 2002. After completing her thesis, supervised by Jeremy C. Hebden and David Delpy, she joined a biotech start-up in Boston. During her PhD, she used optical tomography to image biological tissue.

Career 
Hillman joined Massachusetts General Hospital as a postdoctoral research fellow in 2003. She was appointed assistant professor at Columbia University in 2006. She set up the Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and developed new techniques for in vivo optical imaging. She developed an optical imaging technique that used dynamic contrast to image the anatomy of small animals. She licensed this Dynamic Contrast molecular imaging technique to CRi, now PerkinElmer. In 2008, she was awarded the Columbia Rodriguez Junior Faculty Award. She was awarded the Optical Society of America’s Adolph Lomb medal in 2011. In 2010, she was awarded a National Science Foundation CAREER Award to study in vivo Interventional Microscopy. She has explored several optical imaging techniques for biomedical research. She has received over thirty large grants to support her research.

In 2017, Hillman began to work at Columbia's Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. With Francesco Pavone, Hillman founded The Optical Society Optics and the Brain Topical Meeting in 2015. She identified that the vascular endothelium is important in regulation of blood flow in the brain. She has written for Scientific American. She was elected to the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2017. She has developed tools for high speed imaging of the activity in the whole brain. Hillman pioneered  Swept, Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE) microscopy, which combines light-sheet microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The technique uses a single objective lens to excite and detect fluorescence from a sample. She has also developed laminar optical tomography and advanced applications of two-photon microscopy.

Awards and honors
 2007, Wallace H Coulter Foundation Early Career Award
2007, Human Frontier of Science Program Young Investigator Award
2008, Columbia Rodriguez Junior Faculty Award
 2010, National Science Foundation Career award
 2011, Adolph Lomb Medal from The Optical Society
 2015, Fellow of The Optical Society
 2018,  SPIE Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award

References 

American biomedical engineers
Alumni of University College London
Harvard Medical School faculty
Columbia University faculty
British women physicists
British physicists
Women in optics
Microscopists
ISSCO Graphics. Integrated Software Systems Corporation (ISSCO), doing business as ISSCO Graphics, was an American software developer and publisher based in San Diego, California, and active from 1970 to 1986. They were best known for their enterprise graphics software packages, including Tellagraf, CueChart and Disspla.

History
ISSCO Graphics had considered acquiring Breakthrough Software, whose software focus involved PC DOS, as a means of getting into the PC arena, but backed off when Computer Associates made an offer to acquire ISSCO. 

By early 1987 it was reported that "Issco users breathe sigh of relief" that all was well.

The ISSCO User's Group was founded in 1976.

ISSCO, which was founded in 1970 by Peter Preuss, was acquired by Computer Associates in 1986.

Notable products

Tellagraf
ISSCO's Tellagraf is an early software package designed to allow end-users to "turn out full color, professional quality charts" with initial results displayed on a screen, modified as needed, and then "a final 'hard-copy' can be made .. or made into 35mm color transparencies for projection onto a screen."

Users of Tellagraf often had access to CueChart and Disspla software. Often computer sites having one had all three.

Terminals with varying degrees of graphics, such as the DEC's VT100 and Tektronix's Tektronix 4xxx family of text and graphics terminals. were supported, and the software ran on popular computing platforms.

Four years are important to Tellagraf's early history:
 1978: ease of use
 1980: graphic-artist quality 
 1982: introduction of CueChart, and recognition by IEEE.
 1983: "quality graphics enters the mainstream of data processing with ..."

Tellegraf was eventually acquired by Computer Associates and renamed CA-Tellegraf. SAS users found it helpful.

Universities, research institutes and financial services firms were among early users.

Disspla
Disspla is a package of data plotting subroutines that can be used from high level languages. It was also acquired by Computer Associates.

Tellaplan
In 1983 ISSCO introduced Tellaplan, "a project planning, report and schedule charting system for Tell-A- Graf users in IBM MVS or CMS or Digital Equipment Corp. VAX computers" atop which they built "two visual project management software packages" three years later.

References

Defunct software companies of the United States
Proprietary software
Graphics software
Abeking & Rasmussen. Abeking & Rasmussen (A&R) is a shipyard situated in Lemwerder, near Bremen in the German state of Lower Saxony. The shipyard is on the left bank of the River Weser, and currently comprises five production halls with associated workshops and offices, an inner harbour and a syncrolift.

The business was founded in 1907 by Georg Abeking and Henry Rasmussen. Abeking, mechanical engineer at the Nordseewerke yard in the harbour of the north German city of Emden, was a friend of Rasmussen and became his partner. With the support of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, a sailing enthusiast, Abeking and Rasmussen founded their yacht- and shipyard at Lemwerder on the south side of the Weser, opposite the small town of Vegesack. Rasmussen, who idolised American yacht designer Nathanael Herreshoff, was known as a talented yacht skipper and proved to be equally adept as a yacht designer himself. Rasmussen built his first sailing yacht, a vessel called Frisia in the 5-metre class, for himself in the initial year of the Abeking & Rasmussen yard's operation. In its early years, the yard worked for the private, commercial and military sectors, building wooden sailing yachts and motor yachts, together with patrol boats and other specialised vessels.

In 1928, the yard began building Starling Burgess' Atlantic one-design; at this time, the post-war economy made European-built boats attractive in the United States.

Today the yard continues to construct a similar spread of vessels, building yachts alongside naval vessels, pilot boats and similar ships. The yard is particularly well known for a number of superyachts, and for its work in the development of small-waterplane-area twin hull (SWATH) ships.

A&R built its last yacht with a varnished hull, the 11.4 m saling yacht Barbarella, in 1981. The shipyard's own cost–benefit analysis showed the continued building of smaller yachts to be impracticable, consequently it has concentrated on the exclusive market of superyachts. Among those the yard has built  since is the Bruce King-designed ketch Hetairos, now Asgard (42 m LOA), a 230-ton centreboarder with a cold-moulded hull made of African khaya and sipo mahogany. Fitted with a 42 m main mast, the ship draws 3 m with the bronze centreboard retracted and 8.7 m in veered position. Built for a European owner and launched in 1993, the vessel's construction is in classic yacht style.

See also
List of yachts built by Abeking & Rasmussen

References

External links

 

Abeking & Rasmussen
Privateer Industries Privateer. The Privateer Industries Privateer is an American amphibious amateur-built aircraft that was designed by John Meekins and Bill Husa and is under development by Privateer Industries of Florida. It was first flown on 6 August 2018. The aircraft is intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction and later type certified and sold as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Development
The design was conceived by Meekins, who wanted an amphibious aircraft but discovered that all existing designs had safety and performance issues, falling short of his personal requirements. Consequently, he took it upon himself to design his own aircraft. Meekins enlisted assistance from Bill Husa of Orion Technologies in Scottsdale, Arizona and made him chief engineer to work on the design and build the prototype, although Husa died in 2012, before the prototype was completed. Meekins had Embry Riddle Aeronautical University review the design and they reported favorably on it. Meekins established Privateer Industries to manufacture the design and remains chairman & CEO of the company. The development of the aircraft to first flight took over ten years.

Design
The Privateer features a cantilever low-wing, a seven-seat enclosed cabin accessed by doors, retractable tricycle landing gear, as well as fixed floats for water operation, a twin boom tail mounted on the floats, and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from carbon fiber composites. Its  span wing is mounted low on the fuselage, which also attaches the integral fixed floats. The aft end of the floats acts as twin tail booms for the twin tail fins, with a single tailplane and elevator mounted high above the pusher propeller. The standard engine used is the Walter M601 turboprop, which produces  for take-off and  continuous. The propeller employs a shroud to increase thrust and reduce noise.

Operational history
By August 2018, one example, the prototype, had been registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (Privateer prototype)

See also
List of flying boats and floatplanes

References

External links

Privateer Industries aircraft
2010s United States sport aircraft
2010s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2018
Twin-boom aircraft
Reppie waste-to-energy plant. The Reppie waste-to-energy plant is a waste-to-energy plant in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which treats waste from the city. The plant was developed by Cambridge Industries Ltd for Ethiopian Electric Power and Addis Ababa City Administration. The facility was founded by Samuel Alemayehu to tackle waste in the city of Addis Ababa. The plant became operational in August 2018 making it the first waste-to-energy plant in Africa.

Overview
The Reppie waste-to-energy plant includes two combustion systems (MARTIN SITY 2000 reverse grates) with 2 waste cranes with a capacity of 2x700 ton/d = 1400 ton/d. The Reppie site is built on reclaimed land from an old landfill.
The sites include facilities to process household and commercial waste, using waste combustion to recover energy, biological treatment, re-use, recycling and landfill.

Gallery

References

Power stations in Ethiopia
Addis Ababa
Energy recovery
Power stations in Africa
Recycling
Facilities engineering
Plastic recycling
Insect farming
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Hall. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Hall at 262 S. 7th Ave. in Forsyth, Montana, United States, was built in 1895. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.  It has also been known as the B of L E Hall.

It was deemed "significant as the long-time meeting hall for the Forsyth local of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (BLE). As a railroad community, Forsyth's labor unions played an often-important social role in the town. Architecturally, the building is the finest surviving local example of the numerous small, rectangular, end-gable buildings that were very common in late nineteenth-century Forsyth."

References

National Register of Historic Places in Rosebud County, Montana
Buildings and structures completed in 1895
1895 establishments in Montana
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen
Jenő Kvassay. Jenő Kvassay (Buda, 5 July 1850 – Budapest, 6 June 1919) was a civil engineer, specializing in hydraulic engineering. He was a significant figure in the development of the Hungarian water service.

Education 
After studying mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Pest, he attended the Hungarian Royal Economic Academy in Magyaróvár.  He completed his education at the École des Ponts et Chaussées in Paris.

Career 
In 1876, Kvassay was the first to trace the saline pollution in the Great Hungarian Plain to the salt deposits (Lower Triassic evaporites) in the Austrian mountains. Although, later research also confirmed the hypothesis of József Szabó that weathering of peralkaline and alkaline rocks also contributed to this effect.

He went to work at the Hungarian Agricultural Ministry, and in 1879 founded and became the director of their "Civil Engineering Institute" (Kultúrmérnöki Szolgálat) which was primarily concerned with flood-prevention, irrigation and the development of agricultural water resources. This later became the "National Water Bureau" (Országos Vízügyi Főigazgatóság (OVF)). The current (2014-2020) national comprehensive water plan in Hungary is the "Jenő Kvassey Plan" (A Kvassay Jenő Terv).

Awards
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences awarded him the Fáy Award for his work Mezőgazdasági vízműtan (Agricultural Water Works), and in 1918 they awarded Kvassay the Wahrman Prize for his work.

Notes and references

Further reading
 
 

People from Buda
1850 births
1919 deaths
Engineers from Austria-Hungary
Hydraulic engineers
Engineers from Budapest
Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in France
British Rail Class 19. Class 19 is the name given to an experimental railway locomotive that was constructed using a Mark 3 DVT. The locomotive is part of a project funded by the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) to test the viability of combining hydrostatic transmission with a form of regenerative braking that can reduce engine emissions.

Hydrostatic transmissions have been used previously for rail vehicles, but only for slow-speed track maintenance vehicles and similar, not for mainline locomotives. Diesel-hydraulic locomotives instead use a hydrodynamic, i.e. torque converter, transmission.

History
In 2017, the RSSB announced that it planned to fund the development of an experimental rail vehicle in conjunction with Artemis Intelligent Power, a developmental company specialising in hydraulic machines. The intention of the project was to develop a rail vehicle that could store braking energy, which could then be released during acceleration. It would be powered by diesel engines as the prime mover, driving hydraulic pumps and then hydraulic motors mounted on the axles. These motors could also act as pumps, storing braking energy in hydraulic accumulators. This type of system is being offered as a potential solution for use in areas that are not economical to electrify.

The RSSB and Artemis entered into a collaboration with Chiltern Railways to obtain a suitable vehicle, with one of Chiltern's DVTs chosen as the donor vehicle. The vehicle, 82113, was moved for conversion to the Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway in July 2017, where work began. This involved the installation of the JCB diesel engines, the Artemis E-dyn 96 Digital Displacement Hydraulic Pump and the axle mounted motors. The vehicle was also fitted with a second cab by the removal of the guard's compartment, allowing it to be driven from either end. The vehicle was started for the first time on 20 July 2018. Commissioning trials began on 1 August 2018 jointly between Artemis and the SRPS Diesel Group.

References

External links
 Artemis set to test alternative traction system 
 Class 19 - Facebook

19
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
19
Experimental locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2017
International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors. International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS) is a long running series of scientific meetings which focuses on research into point and extended defects in semiconductors. It developed as a spin off from the International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, remaining a satellite meeting from the first conference on Radiation Effects in
Semiconductors in Gatlinburg in 1959 (now known as ICDS 1) until becoming a separate meeting for ICDS 16. The ICDS covers both basic and applied research topics, with special emphasis on applications of results to semiconducting materials and semiconductors-based device functionality. Traditionally, the ICDS has been held every 2 years in various cities around the world with frequent associated proceedings.

The most recent ICDS (the 32nd) was at Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, September 10-15th, 2023. ICDS 32 included the inaugural award of the Haller Prize, named after Eugene E. Haller who was a major figure in the semiconductor community and an inspiring mentor for students.

The next ICDS (33) will be at the Fudan University, Shanghai between September 15-19th, 2025, and will include a tutorial day on the 14th.

Corbett Prize 

The Corbett Prize is awarded at the meetings to a young scientist for an outstanding contribution given at the ICDS. The prize is named in memory of James W. Corbett, one of the pioneers in the field of defects in semiconductors, who was known for helping and encouraging young researchers. The prize has been awarded at every ICDS since 1995.

Recipients

Haller Prize 

Eugene E. Haller was a major figure in the semiconductor community and an inspiring mentor for students. The Haller Prize is given to the best graduate student(s) presentation at each ICDS since 2023.

Recipients

Conference locations 

The ICDS venue often rotates between locations in Europe, North America and the far East.

Related Conferences 

 The Gordon Research Conferences host a regular semiconductor defect meeting in alternating years to the ICDS.
 The Extended Defects in Semiconductors conference (EDS) is in alternating years to the ICDS.

See also 
 Semiconductors
 Doping (semiconductor)
 Crystallographic defect

References 

Physics conferences
Technology conferences
3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 3-pyridyl methylphosphonate. VP (3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 3-pyridyl methylphosphonate), also known as EA-1511, is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent of the V-series.

Agent VP belongs to a class of organophosphates known as 3-pyridyl phosphonates. These agents are extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Synthesis
Methylphosphonic dichloride and triethylamine are dissolved in benzene. 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol is then slowly added while stirring and cooling. The reaction temperature is maintained at 10-15 °C. The mixture is then heated to 40 °C for 1 hour. A benzene solution of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methylphosphonochloridate is formed.

Triethylamine is then added to reaction mixture and 3-pyridol is added slowly while stirring and cooling. The reaction temperature is maintained at 35 °C. The mixture is then stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The mixture is washed with a sodium hydroxide solution and water. The solvent is then removed by distillation at reduced pressure to yield the final product. The resulting product can be converted to a quaternary salt by reacting with a haloalkane, such as methyl iodide, to produce a water-soluble agent.

See also
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
A-234 (nerve agent)
GV (nerve agent)
Ro 3-0422
V-sub x

References

V-series nerve agents
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl esters
3-Pyridyl compounds
Phosphonate esters