omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nemeth Parasol. Nemeth Parasol was a prototype of a taildragger tractor configuration airplane with circular wing set in a parasol configuration. It was designed by Steven Nemeth from Dayton, Ohio, and made its first flight in 1934. The goal was to have a plane that could be stored in a large garage as opposed to a hangar and that it would be relatively easy to fly. Nemeth did wind tunnel tests at the University of Michigan in 1929. Nemeth worked with students from Miami University in 1934 to help him build the plane's wings. Nemeth used his custom "roundwing" on an Alliance A-1 Argo two-seat biplane fuselage. The high-wing monoplane had multiple struts to hold the custom "roundwing". The wing had a diameter of  including the flaps and ailerons. The plane reached a top speed of . Thanks to the large wing, the plane could take off in just . Tests were done with stall speeds, turning off the engine in flight, and using the wings as a parachute. The parachute-stall landing gave the plane a short 25 feet of landing to stop. The original 90 hp Lambert engine in the Alliance A-1 was replaced with a Warner Scarab 120 hp engine. Nemeth did two years of testing but did not get any interest in producing more. The fate of the one plane built is unknown. Nemeth’s success gave others ideas and other experimental aircraft with circular wings were built later like the Sack AS-6, the Vought XF5U and the Avrocar. (Note: Nemeth is sometimes spelled Nuneth.) Steven P. Nemeth was a flight instructor at the McCook Field near Dayton, Ohio, which closed in 1927. The successful test flights made it into some newspapers and magazines. Modern Mechanix and Popular Science both had articles on the special new plane.

Specifications
(Note: Stall speed was called 0 mph, as the engine was turned off for the landing test.)

References

External links
 The Nemeth Parasol – A Parachuting Plane Ed Nash's Military Matters, YouTube

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Circular-wing aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Generation Zero (video game). Generation Zero is a first-person shooter video game developed and self-published by Avalanche Studios, under the brand Systemic Reaction. The game was announced in June 2018 and released on PlayStation 4, PC and Xbox One on March 26, 2019.

Gameplay
Generation Zero is an open-world, co-operative, first-person shooter, survival game that can be played online with up to three other players or solo.

Plot and setting 
The game takes place in an alternate 1989 Sweden where violent robots have taken over. The robots range in size from tiny scouting drones to massive robots that tower over the houses. The player assumes the role of a Swedish teenager who returns from an island excursion to find that the local populace has disappeared as a result of the robotic invasion. While striving to survive in the Swedish wilderness, the player must figure out a means to beat the machines and learn what happened to people who lived there.

The artistic style of the game has frequently been likened to the artwork of Simon Stålenhag, including by the artist himself. However, despite perceived similarities, Avalanche Studios has denied that the style of the game has been inspired or motivated by Stålenhag's art and that the artist was involved directly or indirectly in the making of the game.

Reception

According to review aggregator Metacritic, Generation Zero has received "generally unfavorable reviews" for the PlayStation 4 version of the game and "mixed or average reviews" for the Windows and Xbox One versions.

References

External links
 

2019 video games
Alternate history video games
Avalanche Studios games
First-person shooters
Open-world video games
PlayStation 4 games
Survival video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Windows games
Xbox One games
Video games set in 1989
Video games set in Sweden
Science fiction video games
Judith Driscoll. Judith Louise MacManus-Driscoll is a Professor of Materials Science at the University of Cambridge. Driscoll is known for her interdisciplinary work on thin film engineering. She has a particular focus on functional oxide systems, demonstrating new ways to engineer thin films to meet the required applications performance. She has worked extensively in the fields of high temperature superconductors, ferroics and multiferroics, ionics, and semiconductors. She holds several licensed patents.

Research and career 
Driscoll (also known as MacManus-Driscoll in her publications) earned her PhD in 1991 at the University of Cambridge under Profs. Jan Evetts and Derek Fray FRS. 

From 1991 to 1995, she trained as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University and IBM Almaden Research Center where she worked under Ted Geballe, Robby Beyers and John Bravman. In 1995, she joined Imperial College London as a lecturer in the Department of Materials, and was promoted to Reader in 1999. She then did a sabbatical at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2003 where she has remained a visiting staff member/visiting faculty ever since. She joined the University of Cambridge in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy in 2003, and was promoted to Full Professor in 2008. She is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge and Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies in advanced memory materials.

Driscoll was founding editor-in-chief of the American Institute of Physics's journal APL Materials and held the position for 10 years from 2013.

Honours and awards 
 2011 Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society
2015 Elected Materials Research Society Fellow
 2015 Institute of Physics Joule Medal and Prize
 2015 Royal Academy of Engineering Armourers and Brasiers' Company Prize
 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers James Wong Award
 2017 Elected Fellow of Women's Engineering Society
 2017 Elected Chartered Engineer
 2018 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Kroll Prize
 2021 Elected American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow
 2022. Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Griffith Medal
 2022  MRSI Silver Jubilee International Medal
 2024 Royal Society of Chemistry Interdisciplinary Award
 2024 Women's Engineering Society Top 50 Women Engineers

References 

Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of Imperial College London
British materials scientists
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Women materials scientists and engineers
British women scientists
20th-century British scientists
21st-century British scientists
21st-century women engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society
20th-century women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Size-change termination principle. The size-change termination principle (SCT) guarantees termination for a computer program by proving that infinite computations always trigger infinite descent in data values that are well-founded. Size-change termination analysis utilizes this principle in order to solve the universal halting problem for a certain class of programs. When applied to general programs, the principle is intended to be used conservatively, which means that if the analysis determines that a program is terminating, the answer is sound, but a negative answer means "don't know". The decision problem for SCT is PSPACE-complete; however, there exists an algorithm that computes an approximation of the decision problem in polynomial time. Size-change analysis is applicable to both first-order and higher-order functional programs, as well as imperative programs and logic programs. The latter application preceded by four years the general formulation of the principle by Lee et al.

Overview 
The size-change termination principle was introduced by Chin Soon Lee, Neil D. Jones, and Amir M. Ben-Amram in 2001. It relies on intermediary objects called size-change graphs that describe the relationship between source and destination parameters in a given function call (for a functional program). The method analyzes these graphs to make conclusions about the existence of monotonically decreasing sequences of parameters throughout the execution of a program. The size-change termination principle is stated as such:If every infinite computation would give rise to an infinitely decreasing value sequence (according to the size-change graphs), then no infinite computation is possible.Size-change graphs express both the possible presence of a function call as well as whether parameters within function call decrease or do not increase. In order to derive termination from size-change graphs, Lee at al. formulate a sufficient condition in terms of the graphs (with no reference to the underlying program). This condition is decidable by an algorithm that operates solely on the graphs.

Size-change termination analysis is related to abstract interpretation, in particular to a technique called predicate abstraction.

Relationship to the halting problem 
The halting problem for Turing-complete computational models states that the decision problem of whether a program will halt on a particular input, or on all inputs, is undecidable. Therefore, a general algorithm for proving any program to halt does not exist. Size-change termination is decidable because it only asks whether termination is provable from given size-change graphs.

References

External links 
 Amir Ben-Amram's SCT web page

Theory of computation
Static program analysis
Sequential decision making. Sequential decision making is a concept in control theory and operations research, which involves making a series of decisions over time to optimize an objective function, such as maximizing cumulative rewards or minimizing costs. In this framework, each decision influences subsequent choices and system outcomes, taking into account the current state, available actions, and the probabilistic nature of state transitions. This process is used for modeling and regulation of dynamic systems, especially under uncertainty, and is commonly addressed using methods like Markov decision processes (MDPs) and dynamic programming.

References

Reinforcement learning
Kevin Scott (computer scientist). Kevin Scott (born 1972) is chief technology officer at Microsoft. He was previously Senior Vice President of Engineering and Operations at LinkedIn from February 2011 to January 2017.

Education 
Kevin Scott grew up in Gladys, Virginia. He holds a bachelor's degree from Lynchburg College in computer science and a master's degree from Wake Forest University in computer science.

He enrolled in a Ph.D. program at the University of Virginia.

Career 
After dropping out of his doctoral program in 2003, Scott started his career at Google and held numerous positions in search and ads engineering, including receiving a Google Founders' Award, before leaving the company in 2007. He was VP of engineering and operations at AdMob from July 2007 to June 2010.  Google acquired AdMob in 2010 for $750 million (~$ in ) and Scott became Sr. Engineering Director of mobile ads engineering at Google.

LinkedIn 
Scott joined professional networking site LinkedIn in February 2011, as senior vice president for engineering.  LinkedIn held its initial public offering in May 2011, and Scott was credited with scaling the company's computer systems to keep up with accelerating demand. Business Insider called Scott "the engineer who saved LinkedIn".

Microsoft 
In January 2017, soon after Microsoft acquired LinkedIn, Scott was named Microsoft's chief technology officer by CEO Satya Nadella. He retained the title of senior vice president of infrastructure at LinkedIn until September 2017. Scott described himself as feeling "like a kid in a candy store" because of all the exciting technologies Microsoft is working on.

Nonprofits and boards 
Scott is the founder of Behind the Tech, a non-profit organization that profiles people who work in technology on its website through photographs and interviews with the goal of inspiring others. In 2014, Scott and his wife, Shannon Hunt-Scott, created The Scott Foundation, a San Francisco Bay Area organization that focuses on issues such as education, hunger, and STEM for children. He is also an emeritus trustee of the Anita Borg Institute and was a founding member of the ACM Professions Board. He advises several startups, is on the board of directors for Magic, and is an angel investor.
Since January 17, 2021, he is member of the board of directors of the automobile manufacturer Stellantis as non-executive Director and member of its ESG Committee.

Personal life 
Scott is married and has two children. He lives in Los Gatos, California.

Works

References

External links 

 Microsoft official profile

Living people
Chief technology officers
Businesspeople from Virginia
21st-century American businesspeople
American technology executives
University of Virginia alumni
American computer scientists
Microsoft employees
1972 births
Google employees
LinkedIn people
People from Campbell County, Virginia
Wake Forest University alumni
Peroxide-based bleach. A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–). This bond is fairly weak and is often broken in chemical reactions of peroxides, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of the bleach.

Peroxide-based bleaches became common household products in the late 20th century, being the base of many laundry detergent formulations. Most of these products are adducts of hydrogen peroxide ( or ), that is, solids that contain  trapped in a crystal structure together with another material like sodium carbonate or urea.  An exception is sodium perborate, which has a cyclic structure containing two O-O single bonds.

Peroxide bleaches are considered to be eco-friendly cleaning agents, compared to chlorine-based bleaches that might produce organochlorine compounds.

Chemistry
All peroxide-based bleaches release hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water.  Peroxide bleaches are often used along with bleach activators, such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) or sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS).

Products
The main products in this class are

 Hydrogen peroxide itself (). It is used, for example, to bleach wood pulp and hair or to prepare other bleaching agents like the perborates, percarbonates, peracids, etc.
 Sodium percarbonate (), an adduct of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda", ).  Dissolved in water, it yields a solution of the two products, that combines the degreasing action of the carbonate with the bleaching action of the peroxide.
 Sodium perborate ().  Dissolved in water it forms some hydrogen peroxide, but also the perborate anion ()which is activated for nucleophilic oxidation.

See also
 Chlorine-based bleach
 Ozone

References

Bleaches
Peroxides
Household chemicals
Laundry substances
Li Zaiping. Li Zaiping (; 17 August 1925 – 30 May 2018) was a Chinese molecular biologist considered a pioneer in genetic science and engineering in China. His research team was the first in China to sequence a virus genome. He also utilized E. coli to produce human EGF and GM-CSF, and identified the gene LPTS. He was a professor at the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography 
Li was born in Beijing on 17 August 1925. He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of Peking University in 1947, and became a lecturer of biochemistry at PKU. In 1956, he was admitted as a graduate student to the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, where he studied under the academician Cao Tianqin. After graduation in 1960, he founded China's first laboratory for molecular DNA and genetics research at the Shanghai institute. He became a full professor in 1977.

Li's group was the first to sequence the full genomic DNA of pADR-1, the most prevalent subtype of hepatitis B virus in China. It was the first time a virus genome was sequenced in China. The research resulted in the development of a highly effective recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. In another project, he utilized a secretive gene expression system in Escherichia coli to produce human EGF and human GM-CSF, both of which have been approved for medical use. He also identified a new gene called liver-related putative tumor suppressor (LPTS) in chromosome 8p23.

He published more than 200 research papers and won more than 10 national and international prizes including the first-class National Prize of Progress in Science and Technology (three times) and the Ho Leung Ho Lee Prize for Life Sciences. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1996.

Li died at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai on 30 May 2018, aged 92.

References 

1925 births
2018 deaths
Chemists from Beijing
National University of Peking alumni
Academic staff of Peking University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Chinese biochemists
Chinese geneticists
Engineers from Beijing
Educators from Beijing
Biologists from Beijing
Discovery 7.9. The Discovery 7.9 is a Canadian sailboat, that was designed by Alex McGruer and first built in 1975.

The Discovery 7.9 is a development of the Grampian 26.

Production
The boat was built by Grampian Marine in Canada between 1975 and 1977, but it is now out of production. Only a small number were completed.

After Grampian's end of production the molds were acquired by a new company who built a small number of boats with different window arrangements.

Design

The Discovery 7.9 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Grampian 26

Similar sailboats
Beneteau First 26
Beneteau First 265
C&C 26
C&C 26 Wave
Contessa 26
Dawson 26
Grampian 26
Herreshoff H-26
Hunter 26
Hunter 26.5
Hunter 260
Hunter 270
MacGregor 26
Mirage 26
Nash 26
Nonsuch 26
Outlaw 26
Paceship PY 26
Parker Dawson 26
Pearson 26
Sandstream 26
Tanzer 26
Yamaha 26

References

External links

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Alex McGruer
Sailboat types built by Grampian Marine
Clive Leyman. Clive Leyman (born 1935) is a Welsh aerodynamicist and was the chief aerodynamicist of Concorde.

Early life
He went to Neath Grammar School for Boys in Wales. He studied at Queen Mary College in London.

Career

BAC
He joined the Bristol Aeroplane Company in 1957, which became BAC in 1960. He became the Chief Aerodynamicist at BAC. He worked with Jean Rech of Aérospatiale. Aerodynamic research for Concorde was notably carried out with the BAC 221, which had a droop nose, and the Dassault Mirage IV. Concorde had an ogee-shaped wing.

British Aerospace
With British Aerospace, he became the Chief Engineer of the HOTOL project.

He later became a part-time Professor in Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics at City, University of London.

Personal life
He lives in Pucklechurch, a village on the B4465 in South Gloucestershire, close to the M4. He married in 1957. He married Daphne Phipps in 1985.

Publications
 Concorde aerodynamics and associated systems development, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1980 (with Jean Rech) 
 A Review of the Technical Development of Concorde, Progress in Aerospace Sciences Volume 23 1986

See also
 Ray Creasey, chief aerodynamicist of the English Electric Lightning
 Don Dykins, chief aerodynamicist for British Aerospace Civil Division
 Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom

References

External links
 BAC 100

1935 births
Academics of City, University of London
Aerodynamicists
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Bristol Aeroplane Company
British Aircraft Corporation
Concorde
People educated at Neath Grammar School for Boys
People from Neath
Welsh aerospace engineers
Living people
20th-century British engineers
Sheila MacNeil. Sheila MacNeil is a Professor of Tissue Engineering at the University of Sheffield. She works alongside NHS clinicians to use tissue engineered skin to benefit patients with burns, chronic ulcers and those recovering from surgery. She developed MySkin, skin bandages that are used to treat burns in 11 of 13 major UK burns units.

Early life and education 
MacNeil studied physiology at the University of Aberdeen. She earned a PhD in the endocrinology of manic depression from the University of Sheffield. Here she explored why certain rare earth metals can benefit patients with manic depression.

Research and career 
In 1992, MacNeil began to develop cytokeratin for patients with extensive burns in a Sheffield Hospital. She joined the University of Sheffield in 2000. MacNeil founded the Sheffield spinout company CellTran in 2000, and remained as Director until 2007. CellTran was taken over by York Pharma in 2008. In 2004 MacNeil and colleagues developed MySkin, living bandages made from healthy skin cells. They went on to explore how aminopropionitrile in sweet peas could be bound with polymers, and created CryoSkin. They were awarded over £2,500,000 in funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The products were voted the Biomedial Product of the Year in 2008. MacNeil was appointed Deputy Director of the University of Sheffield Kroto Research Institute in 2005. She established the university's Bachelors and master's degrees in bioengineering in 2011, which were accredited in 2014. She is part of the University of Leeds Doctoral Training Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. She won the 2014 President's Prize from the UK Society for Biomaterials.

Alongside acting as Director for Interdisciplinary Programmes at the university, she continues to lead on innovations in healthcare. Working with Chris Chapple at the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MacNeil is developing biomaterials to repair tissues in the pelvic floor. They are also working on tissue engineered buccal mucosa to help scarring in the Urethra. She has worked with Wellcome Trust Affordable Healthcare for India programme to develop cell delivery membranes for corneal defects. MacNeil serves as an advisor for the New Zealand company Upside Biotechnologies. In 2017 she identified that certain sugars encourage blood vessel formation and can aid wound healing. She developed a new material for vaginal mesh which could release oestrogen and assist healing. She has over 464 peer-reviewed publications and has an H-index of 49.

In 2017 she was awarded the Medical Research Council Suffrage Science Award.

In 2018 Professor MacNeil was awarded the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining Chapman Medal, an award which is presented for "distinguished research in the field of biomedical materials, particularly with respect to biomaterials innovation."

External links 
University of Sheffield profile

References 

Living people
Women bioengineers
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Year of birth missing (living people)
Molten Acentec. The Molten Acentec is the official match ball for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup tournament.

Design
Molten Corporation, which is known for designing volleyball and basketball balls, was chosen by the United Arab Emirates, the host of the tournament, to design the ball. It was the first time ever that Molten was chosen for a football tournament.

According to the Company, Molten will supply match balls designed specially for the AFC Asian Cup utilizing the basic design of Molten’s flagship model Vantaggio 5000 Premier football.

References

2019 AFC Asian Cup
AFC Asian Cup balls