omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Gerhard Reisig. Gerhard Herbert Richard Reisig (March 3, 1910 - March 9, 2005) was a German-American engineer and rocket scientist. He worked at the Peenemünde Army Research Center during World War II and later, through Operation Paperclip, at the Marshall Space Flight Center.

Biography
Reisig was born in Leipzig on March 3, 1910. As a child, he attended school at the Nikolaischule. Reisig attended university at the Technical University of Dresden, where he received a BS in engineering physics in 1932 and a Diplom-Ingenieur in 1934. Years later, in 1963, he received his Doctor of Engineering from the Technical University of Braunschweig.

After university, Reisig worked from 1935 to October 1937 at the Siemens Co. In 1937 he was hired by Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde, where Reisig joined von Braun's rocket team and continued to work until 1945. Reisig worked on the A3 and A5 designs of the Aggregat rocket series as well as sounding rocket missions using the V-2 rocket. In 1943 he began working under Walter Dornberger on the ultimately unfinished Wasserfall missile project.

Reisig was acquired in Operation Paperclip and traveled to the U.S. with von Braun's team, arriving December 6, 1945. Reisig first worked at Fort Bliss before moving to Huntsville in 1951, teaching at the Redstone Arsenal Institute of Graduate Studies beginning in 1952 as a lecturer in Aerodynamics. At some point after its founding in 1956, he was employed at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. He began work at the Marshall Space Flight Center in 1962 as a specialist in environmental effects on rockets. Reisig stayed at the MSFC until his retirement in 1973, after which he taught at the University of Tennessee Space Institute and Concordia College in Minnesota.

References

External links
 Dr. Gerhard Reisig Collection Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections
 Video interview with Gerhard Reisig and Konrad Dannenberg
 Video interview on Gerhard Reisig with his daughter Dr. Godela Reisig Iverson

American aerospace engineers
German aerospace engineers
German rocket scientists
1910 births
2005 deaths
Scientists from Leipzig
TU Dresden alumni
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
Early spaceflight scientists
Peenemünde Army Research Center and Airfield
NASA people
Operation Paperclip
Macinley Butson. Macinley Butson is an inventor and scientist who won the 2018 NSW Young Australian of the Year and 2019 Stockholm Junior Water Prize.

Their inventions gear towards supporting radiotherapy breast cancer patients and ensuring provision of safe drinking water for developing communities. They became a part of BBC 100 Women 2020 because of their contributions and inspirational role in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia under Healthcare and Science.

Early life and education 
Butson hails from Wollongong, New South Wales. They began inventing when they were six years old. They attended high school at The Illawarra Grammar School.

Career 
They were 18 years old when they invented the SODIS ultraviolet radiation sticker which tests whether water is safe to drink, a breakthrough that has the potential to save lives from contaminated water. They also invented the SMART Armour which aims to protect breast cancer patients from the effects of excess radiation during radiotherapy treatment.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Wollongong
21st-century Australian scientists
Living people
Non-binary scientists
Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt. Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt (Jing-Jin-Shi Hi-Tech Industrial Belt, ), including four main national Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zones in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Baoding, i.e. Zhongguancun, Tianjin Binhai Hi-Tech Zone, Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Zone and Baoding Hi-Tech Zone. The place is one of the main Hi-Tech Industrial Belts in China(Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou and Pearl River Delta).

Peking University, Tsinghua University and many institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences are located here, so it is rich in intellectual resources. It also has a convenient transportation. There are four main airports in this area: Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, Tianjin Binhai International Airport and Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport. Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway, Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway, Tianjin-Baoding Expressway, Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Expressway, Beijing-Shijiazhuang High-Speed Rail, Tianjin-Baoding High-Speed Rail, Beijing-Tianjin Inter-City Rail and Beijing-Xiong'an Inter-City Rail make Inter-City transportation in this region effective.

The belt is also the heartland of Jing-Jin-Ji and Bohai Economic Rim.

See also 

 List of technology centers

References

Regions of China
Northern China
Information technology places
Economy of Beijing
Economy of Hebei
High-technology business districts in China
Zhongguancun
Economy of Tianjin
Hendricksite. Hendricksite is a member of the trioctahedral micas group. The mineral was named by Clifford Frondel and Jun Ito in honor of Sterling Brown Hendricks, who studied micas. It was approved in 1966 by the IMA.

Physical properties 
Hendricksite can either form short prismatic crystals, or foliated ones that are platy and seem two dimensional. It occurs in clusters, and these aggregates have interlocking crystals. These crystals are more commonly anhedral – a crystal with no faces, but rarely they can be euhedral – crystals with well defined surfaces. The anhedral crystals can grow up to 30 cm, and are commonly deformed, while the euhedral crystals can reach 14 cms in size of mechanical deformation. It has pleochroic attributes, which is an optical phenomenon that makes minerals to be seen a different color depending on the axis it is inspected on. On the X axis, it can be seen in a pale brown color, while on the Y and Z axis it is seen in a light chestnut brown color. It doesn't show any fluorescence under either shortwave, or longwave ultraviolet light.

Chemical properties 
It mostly consists of oxygen (38.92%), zinc (18.56%), silicon (15.37%) and manganese (10.02%), but otherwise contains potassium (7.13%), aluminium (7.11%), magnesium (2.46%) and a negligible amount of hydrogen (0.41%). It has a barely detectable, 1% radioactivity measured by GRapi (Gamma Ray American Petroleum Institute Units) due to its potassium content, which gives the mineral its radioactive attributes. Zinc in hendricksite's formula can be replaced with manganese(II) or magnesium. Currently, this is the only mica known for its zinc dominancy, and it is the zinc analogue of phlogopite, annite, and shirozulite. It can have calcium, iron, titanium, barium, lithium, natrium and fluorine impurities. It has three known polytypes, which include 1M, 2M1, and 3A. Hendricksite can be included in a solid solution series with zincohendricksite and manganoanhendricksite being the endmembers, a solid solution series meaning the three sharing a general formula but having a substitution of elements in at least one of the atomic sites. A part of the solid solutions series might be magnesium bearing hendricksite, the series perhaps being complete to phlogopite and partially to biotite. In the case of trioctahedral micas, the ellipsoids of the cationic sites have an uniaxial positive optical property, elongated to c. However, in hendricksite's case this is only typical for the two zinc-free sides. In the octahedras containing zinc, the ellipsoids are uniaxial negative and flattened to a.

Occurrences and localities 
It can appear only in metamorphosed stratiform zinc deposits, in irregular lens or sheet like skarn bodies. It can be found in the Franklin mine in New Jersey, US. The mineral can be found at the Sterling hill as well, although it is much rarer due to the higher iron and magnesium concentrations. It occurs with vesuvianite, bustamite and feldspars, additional associated minerals being minerals of the axinite group, calcite, rhodonite, willemite, hancockite, as well as andrasite.

References 

Zinc minerals
Mica group
Phyllosilicates
Minerals described in 1966
Henk Koppelaar. Hendrik (Henk) Koppelaar (born February 1953) is a Dutch computer scientist and emeritus professor at the Delft University of Technology, knows for his work in knowledge engineering.

Koppelaar started his studies at the Utrecht University in 1971, where he graduated in Physics in 1976. In 1981 he started his graduate study at the University of Amsterdam, where he obtained his PhD in Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services in 1984. Under supervision of Gideon J. Mellenbergh and J.K. de Vree (1938-2017) he wrote his thesis on the theory and new ways of data processing in modeling in the social sciences.

Koppelaar was appointed Professor at the University of Amsterdam in 1986. In 1986 he moved to Delft University of Technology, where he served as Professor of  the Computer Science until 2004. In 1986 he was founder of the Dutch Artificial Intelligence Association, which merged into the Belgian Dutch Artificial Intelligence Association in 1988. In the 1970s he had joined the Dutch Systems Group, where he served as editor of its newsletter from 1973 to 1988.

Early research of Koppelaar focussed on automatic recognition of handprinted characters, where they had developed a method of syntactic pattern recognition using fuzzy set theory. Their research had focussed on handwritten capitals. Later in the 1980s his research had focussed the application of chaos theory in the social science. In 1994 he published a methodological analysis of these applications.

Selected publications 
 Koppelaar, Henk. Twee nieuwe wegen voor modelbouw in de sociale wetenschappen: theorie- en dataverwerking. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, 1986.

Articles, a selection
 Kickert, Walter JM, and Henk Koppelaar. "Application of fuzzy set theory to syntactic pattern recognition of handwritten capitals." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 2 (1976): 148–151.
 Faber, Jan, and Henk Koppelaar. "Chaos theory and social science: a methodological analysis." Quality and Quantity 28.4 (1994): 421–433.

References 

1953 births
Living people
Dutch computer scientists
Utrecht University alumni
University of Amsterdam alumni
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Rizlan Bernier-Latmani. Rizlan Bernier-Latmani (born in 1972) is a Swiss researcher. She is an associate professor of environmental sciences and engineering at the EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) and the head of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory. She is known for her activism for gender equality.

Career 
Bernier-Latmani's academic career started off with a bachelor's degree in Natural Resources at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. A master's degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University, CA followed suit. She stayed at Stanford University for her PhD and wrote her doctoral thesis on the biodegradation of uranyl  (UO22+)-complexed citrate and implications for uranyl mobility in the subsurface. She spent her time as a post-graduate researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California. In 2005, she started working for the Swiss institution EPFL. Starting off as an assistant professor, she became an associate professor in 2013.

Research 
Bernier-Latmani's fields of expertise include for example geomicrobiology, deep subsurface microbes, uranium biogeochemistry and isotope geochemistry. Her research focuses mostly on the biological degradation of metallic contaminants in organic materials. 

In 2013, she drew attention to herself with a research study about natural wetlands and the mobility of the uranium present.

Her research in 2020 focused on the microbial remediation of inorganic contamination of soils and groundwater.

Bernier-Latmani and the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory are researching five different topics: arsenic biochemistry, microbes in nuclear waste disposal, microbial iron reduction, uranium biogeochemistry and gut microbiome.

Activism 
As chairwoman of the organisation "Women Professor Forum" of the ETH Zürich and EPFL, she has also contributed to the fight for gender equality in the scientific community.  She has been speaking up about the under-representation of women in leading positions in higher education.

Academic honors 

 Rotary Foundation University Professor Grant (2004)

Selected works

References

External links 
 
 
 Website of the Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology 

1972 births
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
21st-century Swiss botanists
Melvin Romanoff. Melvin Romanoff was a physical chemist and corrosion engineer who specialized and wrote books about underground and soil corrosion. He worked for many years at the National Bureau of standards. His tenure at The National Bureau of Standards later renamed the National Institute of Standards and Technology was from 1937 to 1970. He was inducted into the hall of fame in 1995. For many years, NACE, the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now NACE International presented a Melvin Romanoff award in his honor.

Work at the National Bureau of Standards
The Underground Corrosion of Steel Piling was originally written as a collection of papers as Monograph 58, for the National Bureau of standards.  One of the two authors was Melvin Romanoff. After his death in October 1970 it was superseded by Monograph 158 and dedicated in his honor. It was published March 1972. The citation honoring him in this publication is in the form of a eulogy and reads in part "he was the guiding light and motivating force for research at the National Bureau of Standards on underground corrosion. His work is considered by corrosion engineers throughout the world to be indispensable for an understanding of the corrosion behavior of metals in soils. The studies described in the monograph embody pioneering concepts on the nature of driven piling corrosion developed by Mr. Romanoff toward the end of his career. Therefore this publication, which is a compilation of the papers resulting from those concepts, serves as a fitting memorial for Melvin Romanoff." He died October 1970.

See also
 Michael Faraday
 Herbert H. Uhlig
 Ulick Richardson Evans
 Marcel Pourbaix
 Mars G Fontana
 Corrosion
 Corrosion engineering

References

American physical chemists
Corrosion prevention

Year of birth missing
1970 deaths
Ursel Bangert. Ursel Bangert is the Bernal Chair in Microscopy and Imaging at the University of Limerick as well as a Lecturer at the University of Manchester, of Research Fellow at Surrey University, and of PhD student at the Universität Köln.  She develops advanced characterisation techniques such as transmission electron microscopy for the atomic scale imaging of novel materials. Her  research outcomes include achievement of TEM imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy on the sub-atomic scale to reveal structure and dynamics of individual atoms

Early life and education 
During her undergraduate studies Bangert was a high school teacher in Köln-Deutz. She completed both her undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the University of Cologne. Her doctoral research considers the thermoluminescence of natural and synthetic calcite.

Research and career 
After completing her doctorate, Bangert joined the faculty at the University of Cologne. She moved to the University of Surrey as a research fellow in the Department of Electrical Engineering. She was eventually made an Advanced Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) Fellow and lecturer at the University of Surrey. In 1993 she joined University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology as a lecturer in pure and applied physics. She was eventually appointed to the faculty at the University of Manchester, where she explored novel electron microscopies with ultrahigh spatial resolution. Bangert was responsible for the electron-optical facilities at Manchester, Liverpool and Daresbury Laboratory.

In particular, Bangert pioneered the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy to better understand the electronic structure of wide-bandgap semiconductors, diamond and carbon nanotubes. Whilst at Manchester, Bangert studied the two-dimensional material graphene. She was the first to use high-angle annular dark-field imaging (HAADF) to understand the atomic structure of graphene.

In 2014 Bangert was appointed the Bernal Chair in Microscopy and Imaging at the University of Limerick. At the University of Limerick, Bangert established an International Centre for Ultra-High Resolution Imaging and Characterisation. She raised funding to purchase a Thermo Fisher Scientific Titan Themis, which allows the imaging and spectroscopic characterisation of novel materials at the atomic scale.

Select publications

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academics of the University of Limerick
University of Cologne alumni
Women physicists
Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology. Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology (GITC&KT)  is a Government polytechnic college at Ludhiana Punjab. The college is affiliated with the Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training Chandigarh, India.

History 
GITC&KT is one of the oldest Government Institute of Dyeing and Calico Printing. It was started under the name of Government Dyeing School in the year 1916, in the premises of Government central Weavery, Lahore.  In 1923 after adding Calico Printing its name was changed to Government Institute of Dyeing and Calico Printing in Foreman Christian College, Shahdara near Lahore now in Pakistan.

Present 
In 1967, the Institute was upgraded to polytechnic and renamed Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology, Ludhiana. The present Institute is an amalgamation of two old Institutes viz. Government Hosiery Institute, Ludhiana (established 1926) and Government Institute of Dyeing and Calico Printing Ludhiana (established 1923) located in the same premises.

The college was initially based in the Old fort, near Daresi ground, Ludhiana now shifted to the new address.

Courses 
There are various Diploma and certificate courses the major branches are

 Textile Processing
 Textile Technology (Knitting)

Alumni 
Jatinder Mauhar studied from the GITC&KT.

See also 

 Punjab State Board of Technical Education and Industrial Training
 Lodhi Fort ( Purana Qila)

References

External links 
 About Institute – gitcktpolyldh.ac.in

Engineering colleges in Punjab, India
Char Development and Settlement Project. Char Development and Settlement Project () is a Bangladesh government project that seeks to improve the livelihoods of people living in recently emerged chars (river islands).

History 
Bangladesh is crisscrossed by rivers; prominent among them are Padma River, Meghna River and Jamuna River. The rivers create islands and new land by depositing sediments. These new lands became lawless areas with little government presence and dominated by criminals. The government created the  Land Reclamation Project in 1979, which continued to function till 1991, to develop these char lands and improve the livelihood of the people living there. Char Development and Settlement Project was created as a successor to that project in 1994.

Char Development and Settlement Project Phrase one was implemented from 1994 to 1999. After the project was completed the Char Development and Settlement Project was developed into a government project involving multiple agencies. Char Development and Settlement Project was composed of Bangladesh Water Development Board, Department of Agricultural Extension, Department of Public Health Engineering, Forest Department, Ministry of Land, and Local Government Engineering Department. The Project received financial support from the Government of Bangladesh and the Government of Netherlands for the first three phrases of the project. The project is developing sandy river islands into lush green farmlands.

Char Development and Settlement Project Phrase four received financial support from the International Fund for Agricultural Development of the United Nations. The fourth phrase of the project provided homes 155,000 people from 28,000 households living in chars. In July 2019, the fifth phrase of the project and is projected to be completed in June 2022. Char Development and Settlement Project continues providing support to phrase one to four project areas. Bangladesh Planning Commission questioned the reported costs of the project. The fourth phrase, titled Char Development and Settlement Project Bridging Project, was approved on 24 July 2020 by the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council. The government allocated 263 billion taka for the project.

References 

1994 establishments in Bangladesh
Organisations based in Dhaka
Government agencies of Bangladesh
Positive energy district. A positive energy district (PED) is an urban area that produces at least as much energy on an annual basis as it consumes. The purpose of a PED is not to be an island isolated from the rest of the energy system but rather a functional and flexible part of the larger whole. The impetus to develop whole positive energy districts instead of single buildings is based on the possibility of sharing resources, managing energy efficiently systems across many buildings and reaching economics of scale. The overarching design principles of PEDs can be summarized as follows: 
 Development of a PED should start by minimizing local energy demand by applying all reasonable energy efficiency measures.
 Remaining energy needs of the PED should be covered as far as reasonably possible by locally produced renewable or zero-emission energy. Thus the planning of a PED focuses on the local conditions, available energy resources and the possibilities of reusing local surplus energy.
 Smart planning methods and smart control are needed to make the energy system work as a whole. Energy production and loads should be designed to meet so that energy is produced close to consumption, both in location and time. For example, the production of local solar power has a natural tendency to match with the loads air conditioners and refrigerators. On the other hand, smart control can be used to coordinate other similar peaks in production and consumption. For example, electric vehicles can be charged at optimized times. Similarly, some parts of HVAC systems can be adjusted to operate at beneficial times without causing any inconvenience to building users.

The development of PEDs is a topic of intense international R&D activities and first pilot areas have been developed. JPI Urban Europe has listed 29 pilot areas around Europe.

References

Sustainable building
Sustainable architecture
 Sustainable urban planning
Smart cities
Energy economics
Environmental design
Line 12 (Guangzhou Metro). Line 12 of the Guangzhou Metro () is a fully automated rapid transit line under construction in Guangzhou, China. It was originally planned to open for operation in 2023, but due to the obstruction of the construction progress, it was announced in 2022 that it was expected to be completed in 2024, and the opening has since been delayed into 2025.

History
Construction officially began in November 2018.

Stations (north to south)

Rolling stock
Line 12 will use GoA4 fully automated, 6-car type A trains with a maximum speed of 80 km/h.

Notes

References

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