omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Instructional materials. Instructional materials, also known as teaching materials, learning materials, or teaching/learning materials (TLM), are any collection of materials including animate and inanimate objects and human and non-human resources that a teacher may use in teaching and learning situations to help achieve desired learning objectives.  Instructional materials may aid a student in concretizing a learning experience so as to make learning more exciting, interesting and interactive.
They are tools used in instructional activities, which include active learning and assessment.  The term encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use to implement instruction and facilitate students achievement of instructional objectives.

Background 
The value of instructional materials as a pedagogical aid can be seen in Vachel Lindsay's poem "Euclid":

Types of instructional materials

Instructional materials can be classified by type, including print, visual, and audiovisual, among others:

Evaluation of instructional materials

Peer-Reviewed Instructional Materials Online (PRIMO) Committee
The Peer-Reviewed Instructional Materials Online (PRIMO) Committee "'promotes and shares peer-reviewed instructional materials created by librarians to teach people about discovering, accessing and evaluating information in networked environments.' In doing so, it reviews librarian-created online tutorials dealing with information literacy and critical thinking skills, and highlights the highest-caliber projects through its "Site of the Month" posts on the ACRL Instruction Section blog.  PRIMO's goal is to provide librarians quality tutorials for instructional use on a variety of topics in order to save time, effort and cost. PRIMO accepts non-promotional online instructional material intended for undergraduate or graduate-level audiences emphasizing quality over comprehensiveness.

Instructional Materials Evaluation Tool
"Student Achievement Partners is a nonprofit organization that assembles educators and researchers to design actions based on evidence that will substantially improve student achievement." The tool provided by the organization is the Textbook Alignment and Adaptations Instructional Materials Evaluation Tool. The goal of this tool is to assist in evaluation textbooks or series of textbooks for alignment to the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

See also
 First Principles of Instruction
 Cognitive load
 Instructional design
 Learning object
 National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard
 Open educational resources
 DoITPoMS

References

Educational materials
F. W. Sharpley. Prof Forbes Wilmot Sharpley FRSE MIEE (1897–1965) was a 20th-century Irish-born electrical engineer who became an expert on low-lighting levels and their impact on the human eye.

Life

He was born in Dublin on 7 January 1897 the son of Forbes Sharpley. They lived at Sandymount Road in the Pembroke district. He was educated in Dublin and Edinburgh then studied Engineering at the University of London graduating BSc in 1918.

In 1926 (aged only 29) he was made Professor of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at the Indian School of Mines in Dhanbad in India.

In 1927 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Francis Gibson Baily, Robert Campbell, John Horne and Sir William Wright Smith.

He left India in 1946 shortly before it received independence from Great Britain and returned to England. In 1948 became he became Head of the Electrical Section of the National Coal Board Central Research Establishment in Cheltenham.

He retired in 1962 and died on 6 October 1965.

Family

In 1922 he married Kathleen Maria Kirkwood daughter of Alexander Kirkwood. They had no children.

Publications

Vision and Illumination in Coal Mines (1938)
The Normal Visual Field of the Dark-Adapted Eye (1946)
Chemical Engineering in the Coal Industry (1956)

References

1897 births
1965 deaths
Engineers from Dublin (city)
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad
RSIPV Auki. RSIPV Auki is one of the Pacific Forum patrol boats Australia gave to the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force.

Background

Following the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea extending maritime nations' exclusive economic zones to , Australia agreed to design, build, and give twelve of its fellow members of the Pacific Forum patrol vessels, so they could police and extend sovereignty to their exclusive economic zones using their own resources. Australia also helped build bases for the vessels, provide training, and help with maintenance.

Design

Australia designed the vessels to use commercial off-the-shelf equipment instead of cutting-edge, high-performance, military grade equipment, to ease the maintenance burden for their smaller neighbours.

Operational history

Auki helped provide aid to Vanuatu in 2015, after it was struck by the tropical Cyclone Pam in March that year.

Auki remained in service after her sister ship Lata was decommissioned on September 11, 2019.

Auki helped distribute ballot boxes in Vanuatu, in preparation for a general election, in March 2020.
Following detection of a tourist infected with the Covid-19 virus, in Vanuatu, Auki moored offshore of their opposite number's base, and prepared to begin a 14 day quarantine period, prior to returning to the Solomon Islands.

Replacement
RSIPV Auki was official decommissioned on March 4, 2021.

Australia is scheduled to replace Auki with the RSIPV Taro, a new, larger and more capable  in May 2021.

References

Naval ships of the Solomon Islands
Pacific Forum class patrol vessels
1991 ships
Ace Stream. Ace Stream is a peer-to-peer multimedia streaming protocol, built using BitTorrent technology. Ace Stream has been recognized by sources as a potential method for broadcasting and viewing bootlegged live video streams. The protocol functions as both a client and a server. When users stream a video feed using Ace Stream, they are simultaneously downloading from peers and uploading the same video to other peers.

History 
Ace Stream began under the name TorrentStream as a pilot project to use BitTorrent technology to stream live video. In 2013 TorrentStream, was re-released under the name ACE Stream.

References 

Computer networking
Applications of distributed computing
Cloud storage
Digital television
Distributed algorithms
Distributed data storage
Distributed data storage systems
File sharing networks
Film and video technology
Internet broadcasting
Streaming television
Multimedia
Peer-to-peer computing

Streaming media systems
Video hosting
Video on demand services
Jill Millstone. Jill Millstone is a professor of chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh. She works on metal-ligand chemistry in nanoparticle synthesis. She is the American Chemical Society Kavli Foundation Emerging Leader in Chemistry Lecturer for 2018.

Early life and education 
Millstone earned her bachelor's in chemistry at Carnegie Mellon University in 2003. She earned a PhD in materials chemistry at Northwestern University, working with Chad Mirkin. She was awarded the Northwestern University graduate school presidential fellowship.

Research and career 
Millstone worked as a postdoctoral researcher with Jean Fréchet and Paul Alivisatos at University of California, Berkeley. She was appointed to the University of Pittsburgh in 2011, earning a National Science Foundation career award.

In 2013 she developed nanoscale alloys that emitted so much near-infrared light they could be used in to visualise cells. Millstone uses small organic molecules to hold together metallic nanoparticles. Millstone's lab concentrates on the chemical synthesis of multifunctional nanoparticles and techniques to study their structural-property relationships. They work on nanoparticle colloidal arrays and their mechanochemistry. They use nuclear magnetic resonance, photoemission spectroscopy and electron microscopy. She won the 2015 Unilever Award for Outstanding Young Investigator in Colloid & Surfactant Science.

In June 2018 Millstone was announced the 2018 American Chemical Society Kavli Foundation Emerging Leader in Chemistry Lecturer. She won the University of Pittsburgh Distinguished Research Award. She is an associate editor at ACS Nano.

References 

American women chemists
American chemists
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Northwestern University alumni
American women academics
Leland Snow. Leland Snow was an American aeronautical engineer known for designing and developing agricultural aircraft. He was the founder and president of both Snow Aeronautical (in 1956), and Air Tractor (1972).

Snow began designing the Snow S-1 crop duster aircraft in 1951 when he was 21 years old. By 1953 the aircraft was completed and test flown, and Snow began dusting and spraying both in Texas and elsewhere. After four years of field trials, Snow founded the Snow Aeronautical Company and started production of the Snow S-2  at Olney, Texas. Snow sold the company to Rockwell-Standard in 1965, and as part of the deal became vice president of its Aero Commander division, manufacturers of a whole range of general aviation aircraft.

Rockwell continued production at Olney for a while, initially marketing the aircraft as the S-2D Ag Commander, and with further improvements and production moved to Georgia, it became the Rockwell S-2R Thrush Commander. In 1977 the design was sold on the Ayres Corporation who produced it as the Ayres S-2R Thrush, and in 2003 after yet another transfer and further modifications, an aircraft based on the original Snow design saw it manufactured and sold as the Thrush Corporation 510 where it was still in production in 2024, over 60 years after its first flight.

Meanwhile, back in 1970, with Rockwell's S-2R production moved to Georgia, Leland Snow resigned as Vice-President, allowing him to found Air Tractor Inc in 1972, back once again at Olney, Texas. His design for their first aircraft was obviously influenced by his experience with the S-2, but the AT-300 required a new type certificate, awarded in 1973. Snow continued to expand the company and the range of aircraft produced, right up until his death on February 20, 2011, in Wichita Falls, Texas.

References

Notes

External links
Official website

2011 deaths
People from Olney, Texas
20th-century American inventors
American businesspeople
Third Street Bridge (Waverly, Iowa). The Third Street Bridge, also known as the Brookwood Park Bridge and the Harmon Street Bridge, is a historic structure located in Waverly, Iowa, United States.  It spans the Cedar River for . This Riveted Pratt through truss was designed by the Iowa State Highway Commission and constructed by the Illinois Steel Bridge Company of Jacksonville, Illinois in 1917. It is composed of three spans. The truss' were painted green in 1962, and the bridge received major renovations in 1983. It was closed to traffic in February 2015 "after a certified inspector examining the bridge Friday for an annual inspection found the trusses connecting bearings, sidewalk support brackets, and two stringers in the south bridge span have severely corroded." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. The Third Street Bridge is one of three bridges installed by the Illinois Steel Bridge Company that is still standing in Iowa.

References

Bridges completed in 1917
National Register of Historic Places in Bremer County, Iowa
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Waverly, Iowa
1917 establishments in Iowa
Transportation in Bremer County, Iowa
Cedar River (Iowa River tributary)
Levchin Prize. The Levchin Prize for real-world cryptography is a prize given to people or organizations who are recognized for contributions to cryptography that have a significant impact on its practical use. The recipients are selected by the steering committee of the Real World Crypto (RWC) academic conference run by the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) and announced at the RWC conference.

The award was established in 2015 by Max Levchin, a software engineer and businessman who co-founded the financial technology company PayPal, and first awarded in January 2016.

Two awards are presented every year, each on its own topic. While there is no formal rule, as of 2024 one of the two awards has recognized one or more individuals for theoretical advancements to cryptographic methods with a practical impact, while the other has recognized one or more individuals or an organization for either the construction of practical systems or practical advancements in cryptanalysis.

Recipients

The following table lists the recipients of the Levchin Prize.

See also 

 List of computer science awards

References 

Awards established in 2016
Cryptographers
History of cryptography
Computer science awards
Self-adaptive mechanisms. Self-adaptive mechanisms, sometimes simply called adaptive mechanisms, in engineering, are underactuated mechanisms that can adapt to their environment. One of the most well-known example of this type of mechanisms are underactuated fingers, grippers, and robotic hands. Contrary to standard underactuated mechanisms where the motion is governed by the dynamics of the system, the motion of self-adaptive mechanisms is generally constrained by compliant elements cleverly located in the mechanisms.

Definition 
Underactuated mechanisms have a lower number of actuators than the number of degrees of freedom (DOF). In a two-dimensional plane, a mechanism can have up to three DOF (two translations, one rotation), and in three-dimensional Euclidean space, up to six (three translations, three rotations). In the case of self-adaptive mechanisms, the lack of actuators is compensated by passive elements that constrain the motion of the system. Springs are a good example of such elements, but other can be used depending on the type of mechanisms.

One of the earliest example of self-adaptive mechanism is the flapping wing proposed by Leonardo da Vinci in the Codex Atlanticus.

Underactuated hands 
The first commonly known underactuated finger was the Soft-Gripper designed by Shigeo Hirose in the late 1970s. The most common type of transmission mechanisms used in self-adaptive hands are linkages and tendons.

Kinetostatics 
Underactuated fingers and hands are usually analyzed with respect to their kinetostatics (negligible kinetic energy, static analysis of a mechanism in motion) rather than the dynamics of the system, as the kinetic energy of these systems is generally negligible compared to the potential energy stored into the passive elements. The forces applied by each phalanx of an underactuated finger can be computed with the following expression:

where F is the vector made of the forces applied, J is the Jacobian matrix of the finger, T* is the transmission matrix, and t is the torque vector made (actuator and passive elements).

Applications 
A self-adaptive robotic hand, SARAH (Self-Adaptive Robot Auxiliary Hand), was designed and built to be part of the Dextre’s toolbox. Dextre is a robotic telemanipulator that resides at the end of CANADARM-2 on the International Space Station. The Yale OpenHand is an example of open source self-adaptive mechanisms that can be found online. Some companies are also selling self-adaptive hands for industrial purposes. Prosthetics is another application for self-adaptive hands. One known example is the SPRING (Self-Adaptive Prosthesis for Restoring Natural Grasping) hand.

Other examples 
Self-adaptive mechanisms can be used for other applications, such as walking robots.

Compliant mechanisms are another example of self-adaptive mechanisms, where the passive elements and the transmission mechanism are a single monolithic block.

References 

Mechanical engineering
Nagin Cox. Zainab Nagin Cox (born 1965) is a spacecraft operations engineer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Asteroid 14061 was named "Nagincox" after her in 2015. She has received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal.

Early life and education 
Cox was born in Bangalore. She grew up in Kuala Lumpur and Kansas City, Kansas. She went to school at Shawnee Mission East High School. At school she was interested in Star Trek and Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey. She studied engineering and psychology at Cornell University, graduating in 1986. She earned a master's degree in space operations systems engineering from Air Force Institute of Technology in 1990.

Career 

After graduating, Cox worked for the United States Air Force as a space operations officer. She worked in F-16 aircrew training. She worked as an orbital analyst at North American Aerospace Defense Command. Cox has worked as a spacecraft operations engineer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1993. She has been involved with several interplanetary robotic missions, including Galileo, InSight, Kepler, and the Mars Curiosity rover. She is a tactical mission lead, in charge of the uplink, downlink and advance planning teams. Asteroid 14061 Nagincox, discovered in 1996, was named after her in 2015. She won the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the Bruce Murray award in 2014 and has won the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal twice.

Public engagement and diversity 
Cox is passionate about increasing diversity within sciences, engineering and NASA. She served on the board of directors at Griffith Observatory. She serves on the President's Council for Cornell Women Alumni. She is an invited speaker for the United States Department of State, travelling the world talking about her career and NASA's robotic space exploration program. In 2014 she visited Pakistan, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, inspiring young women from unprivileged communities to study sciences and engineering. She was a keynote speaker at SIGGRAPH 2016. She visited Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2016, touring the country with the United States Department of State. She gave a TEDx talk at Beacon Street in 2017, which was later chosen by Wired as one of the best science talks. "What time is it on Mars?" has been viewed almost two million times. She visited Kuwait in 2018, discussing their 2021 Mars mission.

References

External links 

American aerospace engineers
Indian aerospace engineers
20th-century Indian physicists
Cornell University alumni
Air Force Institute of Technology alumni
Indian women engineers
Engineers from Karnataka
Women scientists from Karnataka
20th-century Indian women scientists
20th-century women engineers
Scientists from Bengaluru
Hymatic. Hymatic, also known as Hymatic Engineering, are a British manufacturer of heat exchangers, fluid control technology and cryogenic systems as part of an aircraft's environmental control system (ECS), headquartered in Worcestershire.

History
The company was founded on 27 September 1937. 

It began making air compressors (pneumatics), anti-g valves, pressure reducing valves, stop valves and fuel system relief valves. Most well-known British aircraft in the 1950s and 1960s contained their valves and pneumatic equipment.

It developed the fuel system for Concorde. Concorde carried around 22,000 gallons of fuel. Concorde's fuel system had to overcome boiling of fuel at high altitudes.

In 2002, the company had a turnover of £21.7m.

Research
It has worked with the Cryogenic Engineering Group at the University of Oxford, in making linear compressors.

Ownership
The company was bought by Honeywell in February 2004, with the case referred to the Office of Fair Trading (OFT).

Structure
It is situated on the Moon's Moat Industrial Estate in Redditch. The company is registered with the British Cryogenics Council.

Products
 Anti-ice valves
 Cryocoolers for infrared sensors
 Stored energy systems

References

External links
 Grace's Guide
 Crogenic Cooling Solutions 

Aircraft component manufacturers of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1937
Companies based in Redditch
Cryogenics
Honeywell
Manufacturing companies established in 1937
Science and technology in Worcestershire
Valve manufacturers
Golaghat Engineering College. Golaghat Engineering College was established in 2018 by Assam Government at Golaghat district, Assam. On 31 March 2012, Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi laid the foundation stone of the Golaghat Engineering College in Golaghat district, which was proposed by the Assam Government officially. It was officially inaugurated by chief minister, Sarbananda Sonowal on 5 February 2019.

The college starts to offer BTech degree from academic year 2018–19. The college is accredited by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
The institution is affiliated to Assam Science and Technology University

It is the sixth state government engineering college of Assam.

Academics
The college offers four year B.Tech degree in Civil engineering, Chemical engineering and Mechanical engineering affiliated to Assam Science and Technology University.

Non-Engineering
 Mathematics
 Chemistry
 Physics
 Humanities

Admissions
Students are taken in for the undergraduate courses through Assam Combined Entrance Examination (CEE) conducted by Assam Science and Technology University.
For lateral entry into the undergraduate courses are done through the Joint Lateral Entrance Examination(JLEE) conducted by Assam Science and Technology University.

References

Engineering colleges in Assam
Golaghat district
Universities and colleges established in 2018
2018 establishments in Assam