omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system. The Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system is a ±800 kV, 6400 MW high-voltage direct current transmission system in China.  The system was built to export hydro power from Xiangjiaba Dam in Sichuan province, to the major city of Shanghai.  Built and owned by State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), the system became the world’s largest-capacity HVDC system when it was completed in July 2010, although it has already been overtaken by the 7200 MW Jinping–Sunan HVDC scheme which was put into operation in December 2012.  It also narrowly missed becoming the world’s first 800 kV HVDC line, with the first pole of the Yunnan–Guangdong project having been put into service 6 months earlier.
It was also the world’s longest HVDC line when completed, although that record is also expected to be overtaken early in 2013 with the completion of the first bipole of the Rio Madeira project in Brazil.

Various values are quoted for the length of the Xiangjiaba–Shanghai DC line, ranging from  to , but in any event the line is significantly longer than that of the  Inga–Shaba project in Democratic Republic of Congo which had held the record since 1982. Significant design and development work had to be performed to qualify the specialised equipment for operation at 800 kV. The design is a bipolar system with overhead lines for the high-voltage conductors and ground return for the neutral current. However, because of the very high operating voltage and power, each pole contains two twelve pulse bridges in series at each end.

Converter stations 
The Fulong (rectifier) converter station is located approximately 10 km south of Xiangjiaba Dam and is connected to the power plant by four 500 kV AC lines.  The thyristor valves were supplied by Siemens together with its partner XD Xi’an Power Rectifier Works. The valves use state of the art 8.5 kV rated, 150 mm diameter electrically triggered thyristors.  Ten of the converter transformers were also supplied by Siemens.

The Fengxia (inverter) converter station is located some 45 km south-east from the centre of Shanghai and feeds power to the Nanhui AC substation via three 500 kV AC lines.  Much of the DC equipment at the Fengxia station was provided by ABB, including the thyristor valves  and converter transformers. In common with the valves at the Fulong station, the valves use 8.5 kV rated, 150 mm diameter electrically triggered thyristors. At Fengxia, each valve consists of 56 series connected thyristor levels (of which two are redundant), arranged in 8 thyristor modules of 7 thyristor levels each.

Waypoints

See also 

High-voltage direct current
HVDC converter station
HVDC converter
Ultra-high-voltage electricity transmission in China
Xiangjiaba Dam
Yunnan–Guangdong HVDC

References

External links 

SGCC Website:  Xiangjiaba-Shanghai +/-800 kV UHV DC Transmission Pilot Project
ABB HVDC References: Xiangjiaba - Shanghai

HVDC transmission lines
Energy infrastructure completed in 2010
Electric power infrastructure in China
2010 establishments in China
Magni M-14 Scout. The Magni M-14 Scout is an Italian autogyro, designed and produced by Magni Gyro srl of Besnate. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The M-14 features a single main rotor, a two-seats-in a tandem open cockpit with a windshield, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a four-cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912S engine in pusher configuration. The turbocharged  Rotax 914 powerplant is optional.

The aircraft fuselage is made from TIG-welded 4130 steel tubing, while the cockpit fairing is fibreglass. Its  diameter composite rotor has a chord of  and is manufactured in house by Magni Gyro. The propeller is a three-bladed carbon fibre, ground adjustable type. Electric trim is standard equipment, as is a Flydat digital engine monitor. The second seat is located right behind the pilot's seat without a separate cockpit, dual controls or windshield and is intended for occasional use to carry a passenger. The pilot's seat includes an integral  fuel tank that provides three hours endurance. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

Specifications (M-14 Scout)

References

External links

2000s Italian sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Magni aircraft
Magni M-18 Spartan. The Magni M-18 Spartan is an Italian autogyro, that was designed and produced by Magni Gyro srl of Besnate. The aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft

While listed as in production in 2011, by 2013 the M-18 Spartan was no longer advertised by Magni Gyro as part of their product line.

Design and development
The M-18 was the smallest autogyro offered by the company. It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit with a windshield, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from TIG-welded 4130 steel tubing, while the cockpit fairing is fibreglass. Its  diameter rotor has a chord of . The propeller is a three-bladed carbon fibre, ground adjustable type. The supplied fuel tank holds . The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

Specifications (M-18 Spartan)

References

2000s Italian sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Magni aircraft
BLADE (software). BLADE (Block All Drive-by Download Exploits) is a computer program that was developed by Phillip Porras and Vinod Yegneswaran at SRI International; and Long Lu and Wenke Lee at the Georgia Institute of Technology. BLADE is funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, the United States Army Research Laboratory, and the Office of Naval Research. The program is designed to prevent drive-by download malware attacks.

References

External links
 

SRI International software
Computer security software
Clean Energy Collective. The Clean Energy Collective (CEC) was an American clean energy company based in Louisville, Colorado, active from 2010 until its filing for bankruptcy in 2020.

History
The Clean Energy Collective was a company that focused on the development, operation, and maintenance of community-based clean energy facilities.

As part of their services, the organization provided a software solution known as the Community Solar Platform (CSP) to its cooperative members. This software was designed to calculate energy production and monthly credits for participants, and it was complemented by a smartphone application.

Community Solar Plan
The CSP was a service that allowed users to purchase and use solar panels without physically attaching them to their property. Solar panel owners were paid in electricity credits for the value of the electricity generated.

Funding
In 2012, Sooper Credit Union of Arvada, Colorado, agreed to offer long-term loans to consumers and businesses that buy into CEC community-owned solar gardens.

Con Edison Clean Energy Businesses (Con Edison CEB), formed in 2016 and a wholly owned subsidiary of Consolidated Edison, Inc. (ConEd), "purchased a portfolio of Community Solar projects in development from Clean Energy Collective, LLC" in 2020.

Partnership
The Clean Energy Collective partnered with local utilities, including Holy Cross Energy, Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (PVREA), and the Wright-Hennepin Cooperative Electric Association.

In 2014, solar manufacturer First Solar took a minority equity position in Clean Energy Collective. It announced a "strategic partnership to develop and market" community solar gardens for utilities.

Bankruptcy
In 2020, Clean Energy Collective filed for bankruptcy.

See also

 Community solar farm
 American Solar Energy Society
 List of photovoltaics companies
 National Renewable Energy Laboratory
 Renewable energy in the United States
 Solar Energy Industries Association
 Venture capital

References

External links

American companies established in 2010
Energy companies established in 2010
Renewable resource companies established in 2010
Solar energy companies of the United States
2010 establishments in Colorado
Companies based in Boulder County, Colorado
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
Civia. Civia is a class of electric multiple unit trains built by CAF and Siemens for the Renfe Cercanías commuter railway networks in Spain. The first units entered service in 2003.

The Civia train concept was created with passenger comfort and build quality in mind, and to meet the goals of reliability, frequency and punctuality. They have better provision for disabled passengers than older Cercanías trains.

Technical details 
Civia units use 3kV DC overhead electrification. The maximum speed of Civia units in service is , but with modifications they will be able to reach .

Modularity 
Civias are modular units - trains can be formed from two, three, four or five cars as required. Renfe classifies various Civia configurations as Classes 462, 463, 464 and 465; or collectively as Classes 46*. There are four car types:
 A1 - end car with driving cab and normal floor.
 A2 - end car with driving cab and normal floor.
 A3 - intermediate car and downstairs WC.
 A4 - intermediate car with normal floor.

Cities and routes 
Civia units operate in the following cities and regions:
 Asturias
 Cádiz
 Catalonia
 Madrid
 Málaga
 
 Seville
 Valencia 
 Zaragoza

Accident

On 28 July 2017, Class 465 unit 210M collided with a buffer stop at  station, causing 54 injuries of which 5 were serious.

Gallery

Scheme

See also 
  – Alstom commuter train design similar to the Civia, used mainly in Chile
 Ivolga (train)
 DBAG Class 422
 DBAG Class 423
 DBAG Class 424
 Cercanías
 Renfe

References

External links 

 Renfe - Our Trains
 Ferropedia - Renfe Civia  (Spanish)

CAF multiple units
Siemens multiple units
3000 V DC multiple units
Renfe multiple units
Cercanías
Train-related introductions in 2003
List of software architecture styles and patterns. Software Architecture Pattern refers to a reusable, proven solution to a recurring problem at the system level, addressing concerns related to the overall structure, component interactions, and quality attributes of the system. Software architecture patterns operate at a higher level of abstraction than software design patterns, solving broader system-level challenges. While these patterns typically affect system-level concerns, the distinction between architectural patterns and architectural styles can sometimes be blurry. Examples include Circuit Breaker. 

Software Architecture Style refers to a high-level structural organization that defines the overall system organization, specifying how components are organized, how they interact, and the constraints on those interactions. Architecture styles typically include a vocabulary of component and connector types, as well as semantic models for interpreting the system's properties. These styles represent the most coarse-grained level of system organization. Examples include Layered Architecture, Microservices, and Event-Driven Architecture.

List of software architecture styles 

 Event-driven architecture 
 Hexagonal Architecture (also known as Ports and Adapters)
 Layered architecture 
 Microkernel architecture 
 Pipes and Filters architecture 
 Microservices 
 (Modular) monolithic 
 Service-oriented architecture
 "Service-based architecture" 
 Space-based architecture

List of software architecture patterns 

 Inbox and outbox pattern
 "Queue-Based Load Leveling", also known as the "Storage First Pattern", is an architectural pattern in which a queue acts as a buffer between an invoker service (such as an API Gateway) and the destination (e.g., compute resources). 
 "Backends for frontends" pattern 
 "Public versus Published Interfaces" 
 Asynchronous messaging
 Batch request (also known as Request Bundle pattern)
 Blackboard (design pattern)
 Client–server model
 Competing Consumers pattern
 Model–view–controller
 Claim-Check pattern
 Peer-to-peer
 Publish–subscribe pattern
 Rate limiting
 Request–response
 Retry pattern 
 Rule-based
 Saga pattern
 Strangler fig pattern
 Throttling

See also

References
AM-69 Georges Payre. The AM-69 Georges Payre, also known as the Arts & Métiers AM-69 and the ENAM-69/70, was a conventionally laid out low wing monoplane designed and built by French students in the early 1970s.  It was intended as a trainer, seating two in tandem.

Design and development

Design of the AM-69 began in 1969 as the name suggests, when a group of twelve students of the school started from the incomplete design of the Gaucher TRG-662, a tandem seat light aircraft. The AM machine was to be a two-seat training aircraft and the design work occupied the students for some 3,000 hours. Its construction, undertaken by another group of ten students took 4,000 hours, with the AM-69 flying on 6 May 1973.  It was named after one of their lecturers.

The prototype AM-69 was an all-wood, low wing cantilever monoplane.  Its wings, skinned with birch plywood had a modified Mureau 234 section with a maximum thickness-to-chord ratio of 13.2%, notable for the large area of both upper and lower surfaces which were flat.  There was dihedral over the whole wing and a full-span combination of inboard flaps and ailerons.

The Georges Payre was powered by a 67 kW (90 hp) Continental C90 air-cooled flat four engine in the nose of its rectangular section, round decked fuselage. Fuel tanks were in the wings. The occupants sat in tandem under a long, framed canopy with individual, starboard-hinged sections for access. Solo control was from the forward seat, over the wing.  The conventional cantilever tail had swept, straight-edged vertical surfaces, with a rudder that extended to the keel and horizontal surfaces mounted at mid-fuselage height forward of the rudder hinge.  The control surfaces were horn balanced and there was a large trim tab on the port elevator.

The AM-69's fixed, conventional undercarriage borrowed heavily from other designs.  The main legs and wheels, mounted onto the front wing spar, were from a Robin DR.220 and the tailwheel was a modified Stampe SV.4 component.

The ENAM students began the design of an all-metal version, with larger tail surfaces and revised canopy and engine cowling, intending it to be homebuilt from plans but nothing seems to have come of this.

Operational history
After its first flight the AM-69 gained its certificate of airworthiness (CoA) in July 1973 and was owned by the Centre Recherche Application des Techniques d'Education Populaire et Sport (CRATEPS) at Montceau-les-Mines for two years, after which the CoA lapsed and the aircraft was eventually removed from the Civil Register.  The airframe was still in storage there in 1995.

Specifications (prototype)

References

1970s French civil trainer aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1973
Midwest Hornet. The Midwest Hornet is an American autogyro that was designed by Don Shoebridge and made available by Midwest Engineering & Design in the form of free plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Hornet is a development of the Taggart GyroBee and was introduced in 1997. The Hornet was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a single main rotor, a single-seat, open cockpit without a windshield, tricycle landing gear and a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, single-ignition  Rotax 447 engine in pusher configuration. The  Rotax 503 engine can also be fitted.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, while the landing gear and flight controls are fabricated from 4130 steel. The rotor has a diameter of , while the propeller recommended is a Powerfin composite model with a diameter of . With an empty weight of  and a gross weight of  the design offers a useful load of . Without a pre-rotator fitted the Hornet requires  to become airborne.

Specifications (Hornet)

See also

References

External links
Official website archives on archive.org
Hornet plans

Hornet
1990s United States sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
William Lloyd (engineer). William Lloyd (12 October 1822 – 15 July 1905) was a British railway engineer who was instrumental in the construction of several railways in the Americas.

Career

William Lloyd started his engineering career while serving five years pupilage to Mr Joseph Gibbs. He was given this position by Gibbs to make a survey of ironworks at Marquise in France and to lay out a railway line to the port of Ambleteuse. After completing this line he was given the post of Resident Engineer on a section of the French Northern Railway. He returned to England in 1844 where he worked on various rail projects for eight years under Mr George Stephenson and Mr George Parker Bidder.

In 1853 he was employed by the Swedish Government Railways to undertake surveys and was elected a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers on 7 March 1854

In 1863, on the recommendation of Mr Robert Stephenson, Lloyd was appointed engineer to the government of Chile to carry out construction of railways in Chile and Peru, including the Santiago to Valparaiso line. An account of this construction was presented to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1864 and he was awarded a Telford medal and premium for this.

When the Chilean Railway was completed in 1864, William Lloyd was appointed Director for the construction of a Mexican railway. The line was to be 300 miles long starting from Mexico City and finishing in Veracruz and featured a gradient of 1:25 for some 23 miles. Most of the line was completed until the Mexican Revolution stopped further work.

Lloyd went on to complete projects in Argentina and Guatemala as well as undertaking an extensive exploration and survey for the Brazilian Government. This project was 1,000 miles in length from Curitibe to Matto Grosso, going through unknown and dense primeval forest. A copy of this report and survey is also in the Library of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

In 1881 Lloyd became Director of the Valparaiso Drainage Company, completing many works within the city. An Anglican church constructed in 1858 called Iglesia Anglicana de San Pablo, which stands on the Cerro Concepcion, was built by William Lloyd, this church was made a national monument in 1979.

In 1888, Lloyd went to California and Arizona reporting on the mines in these states.

He returned home in st Johns Wood, London where he died on 15 July 1905 at the age of 82.

He wrote a book titled A railway pioneer : Notes by a civil engineer in Europe and America from 1838 to 1888.

References 

http://www.academia.edu/212326/The_fall_and_rise_of_the_British_railway_industry_1847-1900
http://www.tramz.com/cl/tto/e.html
http://blog.icerecruit.com/?p=3
http://www.rutaschile.com/eng/men1/Atractivos.php?n=Iglesia-Anglicana-de-Valparaiso.pho&d=29

Engineers from London
British railway civil engineers
1822 births
1905 deaths
Cécile Butticaz. Cécile Butticaz (2 July 1884, in Geneva – 1 June 1966, in Geneva), also known as Cécile Biéler or Cécile Biéler-Butticaz, was a Swiss engineer. She is considered the first female electrical engineer in Europe, because she earned her engineering diploma in 1907.

Early life 
Butticaz was born in 1884, in Geneva, the daughter of Constant Butticaz and Eugénie Mercanton Butticaz. Her father was a factory director.

Butticaz studied at the University of Geneva and then at EPFL a prestigious Swiss engineering university, from which she was also first female graduate. She earned a diploma in electrical engineering in 1907, the first woman to do so in Europe. She earned a doctorate in physics from the University of Geneva, in 1929, after conducting original research on invar, a nickel-iron alloy with industrial applications.

Career 
Butticaz worked as an engineer in Geneva after she gained her diploma. She also taught mathematics in Geneva and Lausanne. She wrote and published several books of poetry in French. She also wrote on social matters, in Foyer moderne (1935).

Butticaz is sometimes described as the first woman engineer in Europe, but there are several women with claims to that "first". Among earlier contenders, Rita de Morais Sarmento earned an engineering degree in Portugal in 1896, and Alice Perry earned her engineering degree in Ireland in 1905.

Personal life and legacy 
Butticaz was a Soroptimist, active in founding the Lausanne chapter of the club. She used the names Cécile Biéler or Cécile Biéler-Butticaz after her marriage to Alfred Édouard François Biéler. They had three sons, born in the 1910s. She died in 1966, in Geneva, aged 81 years. Her grave is in Cully.
In 2019, due to the efforts of the 100Elles project, a street in Geneva was proposed for a rename as "Rue Cécile-Biéler-Butticaz", after the city's notable native engineer.

References

External links 

 

1884 births
1966 deaths
20th-century Swiss engineers
Engineers from Geneva
Women engineers
Bristol-class interceptor craft. The Bristol class of interceptor craft are a series of watercraft built by Bristol Boats, a division of Chika Pvt. Ltd Aroor, for the Indian Coast Guard. These boats are intended for carrying out patrol duties in shallow water areas near the coastline. The contract was signed on 22 March 2004 for acquisition of eight Interceptor Boats by the Indian Coast Guard at a total cost of Rs 3.74 crores. The first craft became operational on 1 December 2004.

Specifications
Displacement: 5.5 tonnes
Length: 
Breath: 
Draught: 
Power: 2 diesel engine, 
Speed: 35 knots
Range: 75 nautical miles at 25 knots
Armament: 1*7.62 mm machine gun
Crew: 2

See also
 Swallow Craft Class
 AMPL Class
 Griffon/Grse Class
 Mandovi Marine Class
 Timblo Class

References

External links

Indian Coast Guard fleet
Bristol Boats official website

Fast attack craft of the Indian Coast Guard
Patrol boat classes
Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome). Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (, PVA dehydrogenase, PVADH) is an enzyme with systematic name polyvinyl alcohol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 polyvinyl alcohol + ferricytochrome c  oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+

This enzyme participates in bacterial polyvinyl alcohol degradation.

References

External links 
 

EC 1.1.2