omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Akaflieg München Mü5 Wastl. The Akaflieg München Mü5 Wastl is a glider that was designed and built in Germany in 1924.

Development 
Tailless aircraft have been the dream of many aircraft designers in their quest for reduced drag and greater aerodynamic efficiency, with the students and faculty at Akaflieg München equally fascinated by aircraft without tails. To research the performance and handling of tailless aircraft the students designed and built the Mü5 Wastl, consisting of a highly swept wing, mounted on a pylon above a streamlined fuselage pod, and wingtip panels mounted with marked anhedral.

Nicknamed “Fliegendes Ei” – “Flying Egg” the Mü5 Wastl was not very successful with a longest flight time of only 15s before the aircraft crashed due to the starboard wing dropping and contacting the ground, which had been a persistent problem in all flight attempts before the final hop.

Egon Scheibe, a notable glider designer of later years, who was one of the students at Akaflieg München at the time of the Mü5 Wastl, is quoted as saying “Unser einziger Trost war daß es anderen Leuten mit schwanzlosen Flugzeugen ähnlich erging.“  – (The only consolation is that other flying wings have had similar problems). Incidentally, the 'Flying Egg' name would be used later by Akaflieg Graz for their experimental G23 glider of 1941 that was designed around the same format.

Variants 
Akaflieg München Mü7
To investigate the properties of the  Mü5 Wastl's wing and develop a sailplane for weak thermals, it was proposed by Egon Scheibe to fit a conventional fuselage to the  Mü5 Wastl wing, but lack of time meant that hardware was not forthcoming.

Specifications (Mü5 Wastl)

See also

References

1920s German sailplanes
Tailless aircraft
Mu05
Aircraft first flown in 1929
MK-V AR. The MK-V AR or Auto-Leveling Revolution is a body supported camera stabilization system designed and engineered by Howard J Smith of MK-V. The core of the advancement of the Steadicam is the circular ring mechanism which makes it possible to move the camera freely on the optical axis, allowing the image to stay level. A Steadicam operator can change from low to high mode without any alteration. The system allow the Steadicam operator to achieve shots similar to a jib crane with long vertical moves, while keeping the freedom of mobility of a Steadicam system.

The system combines three techniques:
 The rig is based on Steadicam and operated by the same operators. The operator can walk, run, climb and can load all cameras which are suitable for a Steadicam. 
The operator can make lifts from the ground up to 2.5 meters in one take, fly the camera over obstacles and through car windows, and film with a major offset to the walking route.
The operator can use a Segway handsfree transporter to move faster up to 20 km/h (12.5 mph)

MK-V announced in June an upgrade to the AR system called the Ωmega Fusion

References

Film and video technology
Akaflieg München Mü6. The Akaflieg München Mü6 is a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany in 1924.

Development 
In 1931 Akaflieg München students Egon Scheibe and Victor Urban designed the Akaflieg München Mü6 to investigate Aero-towing, the new art of launching gliders. To ensure easy handling during tow, the aircraft was made light and robust (of fabric-covered-wood construction), with good handling characteristics. A strut-supported high-mounted wing was fitted on a rhomboidal section fuselage and a conventional empennage.

The  Mü6 survived until at least 1934 when it was noted that total flight time was 23 hours which includes the time taken for Egon Scheibe to fly his 105 km flight to Regensburg in 1933.

Specifications (Mü6)

References

1930s German sailplanes
Mu06
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Sweet Home 3D. Sweet Home 3D is a free and open source architectural design software that helps users create a 2D plan of a house, with a 3D preview, and decorate exterior and interior views, including ability to place furniture and home appliances. In Sweet Home 3D, furniture can be imported and arranged to create a virtual environment. It can also be used for designing blueprints of houses.

Features
 Import home blueprint from scanned image
 Export to PDF, SVG, and OBJ

Gallery

See also
 List of free and open source CAD software

References

External links 

 http://www.sweethome3d.com/
 https://sourceforge.net/projects/sweethome3d/

Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Free computer-aided design software
Richard G. Newman. Richard G. Newman is an engineer and businessman. He was president, CEO and chairman emeritus for AECOM (NYSE:ACM), a  United States provider of professional technical and management support services. Newman led the launch of AECOM as an independent company in 1990 and served as chief executive officer through September 2005. He led an employee and management purchase of AECOM's original companies from Ashland Corp.

Prior to the launch of AECOM, he served as president of Ashland Technology Corp. as well as DMJM, an architecture, engineering and construction services firm, both before and after it was acquired by Ashland in 1984. Earlier, Newman served as president of Genge, one of the first publicly traded architectural and engineering firms.

Newman is also a director of Southwest Water Company, Sempra Energy Co. and 13 mutual funds under Capital Research and Management Co.

Education
Bucknell University, Class of 1956, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.
Master of Science degree at Columbia University, 1960.
Executive management graduate work at the University of California, Los Angeles.

References

External links
 Forbes.com (Archived on November 11, 2006)
 AECOM Biography
 Bucknell Engineering Association

American businesspeople
21st-century American engineers
Bucknell University alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Living people
UCLA Anderson School of Management alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Akaflieg München Mü8. The Akaflieg München Mü8 is a light sports aircraft that was designed and built in Germany in 1933.

Development 
The first powered aircraft to be built by Akaflieg München was the Mü8, an uncomplicated aircraft in design and construction, cheap to build and operate. Constructed from wood throughout the Mü8 was a single-seat open cockpit aircraft with a wire-braced low wing covered with fabric. Power came from a  DKW engine, initially but this was replaced by a  unit later with a commensurate reduction in performance, maximum level speed reducing from 130 km/h (81 mph) to 105 km/h (65 mph). The Akaflieg München Mü14 was an unbuilt development of the Mü8 powered by a 15 kW engine.

Variants 
 Akaflieg München Mü8 - The sole prototype of this low wing sport aircraft.
 Akaflieg München Mü14 - a proposed development of the Mü8.

Specifications (Mü8)

References

1930s German sport aircraft
Mu08
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Emergency medical dispatch. Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) refers to a system that enhances services provided by Public Safety Answering Point (emergency) call takers, such as municipal emergency services dispatchers. It does so by allowing the call taker to quickly narrow down the caller's type of medical or trauma situation, so as to better dispatch emergency services, and provide quality instruction to the caller before help arrives.

Overview
Based on specific question-and-answer logic trees ("systematized interrogation"), the dispatcher is able to determine a problem type and priority for the call, and use that information to

 provide systematized Pre-Arrival Instructions, including
Dispatch Life Support (DLS), which gives phone instruction to aid the patient until help arrives
 provide other information to the caller
 activate appropriate protocols
 dispatch the call to the appropriate resources
 dispatch using the appropriate modes (emergency mode or normal driving)
 activation of secondary protocols, such as notifications

Implementation
Many countries have a national EMD or DLS program, sometimes with a designated system provider, either mandatory or optional. Others may have a national curriculum or accreditation program, or the program may be designated by local jurisdictions at the state or province level. Not all jurisdictions have any sanctioned EMD or DLS system in place, and not all emergency call centers have EMD or DLS. There is some controversy over using these systems, especially when non-medical staff man the phones.

EMD may be guided by computer software, or flashcard-books (often color-coded, with page cross references to help further narrow down the phone diagnosis and/or treatment, and dispatch protocol). Such manual systems have been likened to recipe cards.

The dispatch effort guided by EMD may indicate call severity, resource type (basic life support or paramedics), declaration of a multiple casualty incident (MCI), responder emergency mode (e.g., permission to use lights and sirens), call priority, and hospital or health department notification.

The on-phone instruction effort guided by EMD may help the caller or other bystander to perform CPR or other lay basic life support, provide instruction on how to aid the responders to reach the patient, evacuation instructions, or other forms of care or safety instruction.

Adopted programs
In the United States, the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), Criterion-Based Dispatch, and Computer aided call handling (CACH) are common protocols.

In the United Kingdom, AMPDS is one of two Department of Health and Social Care approved computer programs for 999/112 medical emergency call triage; used across Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and parts of England.  In England, NHS Pathways is the alternative system and it is used by five of the eleven regional ambulance services.

References 

Telephone services
Emergency communication
Emergency medicine
Isoceteth-20. Isoceteth-20 is a polyethylene glycol ether formed by the ethoxylation of iso-cetyl alcohol; with the general formula HO(C2H4O)nC16H33 where n has an average value of 20. It is a nonionic surfactant used as an emulsifier in some personal care products. However, as iso-cetyl alcohol is rare in nature isoceteth-20 does not see widespread use.

See also
Cetomacrogol 1000 - a similar material made from cetyl alcohol

References

Cosmetics chemicals
Ethers
Non-ionic surfactants
Akaflieg München Mü9. The Akaflieg München Mü9 is a tail-less light aircraft that was designed in Germany in 1932.

Development 
Construction of the tail-less Mü9 was almost complete when further work was abandoned due to the   negative experiences of contemporary tail-less aircraft builders and the far from satisfactory Akaflieg München Mü5 Wastl. The sharply tapered wing was to have had moderate sweep on the leading edge and zero sweep on the trailing edge with small vertical surfaces at the wing-tips. The fuselage pod was to support the engine in the nose, house the cabin amidships and the tailwheel at the extreme rear, with no fin or rudder, (at least as initially designed), as well as the mountings for the main undercarriage legs which were to have been angled outwards to provide adequate track.

Specifications (Mü9)

References

1930s German sport aircraft
Mu09
Tailless aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences. Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences is a 1966 textbook by mathematician Mary L. Boas intended to develop skills in mathematical problem solving needed for junior to senior-graduate courses in engineering, physics, and chemistry. The book provides a comprehensive survey of analytic techniques and provides careful statements of important theorems while omitting most detailed proofs. Each section contains a large number of problems, with selected answers. Numerical computational approaches using computers are outside the scope of the book.

The book, now in its third edition, was still widely used in university classrooms as of 1999
and is frequently cited in other textbooks and scientific papers.

Chapters
 Infinite series, power series
 Complex numbers
 Linear algebra
 Partial differentiation
 Multiple integrals
 Vector analysis
 Fourier series and transforms
 Ordinary differential equations
 Calculus of variations
 Tensor analysis
 Special functions
 Series solution of differential equations; Legendre, Bessel, Hermite, and Laguerre functions
 Partial differential equations
 Functions of a complex variable
 Integral transforms
 Probability and statistics

References

Further reading

Reviews of 1st edition

Reviews of 2nd edition

Mathematics textbooks
Physics textbooks
Scrutinyite. Scrutinyite  is a rare oxide mineral and is the alpha crystalline form of lead dioxide (α-PbO2), plattnerite being the other, beta form. The mineral was first reported in 1988 and its name reflects the scrutiny and efforts required to identify it from a very limited amount of available sample material.

Identification
The synthetic orthorhombic form of lead dioxide, α-PbO2, was known from 1941. Although natural lead dioxide has been known, as the mineral plattnerite (β-PbO2), since 1845, its alpha form could only be recognized in 1981 and reliably identified in 1988.

The new mineral was spotted in several samples collected at Bingham, New Mexico and Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. It was first thought to be minium (lead tetroxide mineral) because of its high lead content, brown color and association with other lead oxide minerals plattnerite and murdochite. Its holotype specimen consisted of crystalline plates 25–30 micrometers (μm) across and 1–2 μm thick with the total weight below 1 mg. The flakes were collected from a fluorite, quartz, limonite and rosasite matrixes. Identification and characterization of scrutinyite by the standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was hindered by scarcity of material and strong signal interference with plattnerite. The unusual amount of effort required for the analysis resulted in its name derived from the word "scrutiny". The holotype specimen is preserved in the US National Museum (catalog number NMNH 165479).

Characterization

The PbO2 composition of scrutinyite was deduced by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Slight oxygen deficiency is generally attributed to the surface effects, especially in thin samples, namely oxygen in the surface layers of PbO2 is usually substituted by the hydroxyl groups.

The crystal structure was deduced by XRD as orthorhombic, space group Pbcn (No. 60), Pearson symbol oP12, lattice constants a = 0.497 nm, b = 0.596 nm, c = 0.544 nm, Z = 4 (four formula units per unit cell) were in reasonable agreement with previous results obtained on synthetic samples.

References

External links
Spectroscopic data on Scrutinyite

Lead minerals
Oxide minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 60
Minerals described in 1988
Plattnerite. Plattnerite is an oxide mineral and is the beta crystalline form of lead dioxide (β-PbO2), scrutinyite being the other, alpha form. It was first reported in 1845 and named after German mineralogist Karl Friedrich Plattner. Plattnerite forms bundles of dark needle-like crystals on various minerals; the crystals are hard and brittle and have tetragonal symmetry.

Occurrence
Plattnerite is found in numerous arid locations in North America (US and Mexico), most of Europe, Asia (Iran and Russia), Africa (Namibia) and Southern and Western Australia.
It occurs in weathered hydrothermal base-metal deposits as hay-like bundles of dark prismatic crystals with a length of a few millimeters; the bundles grow on, or sometimes within various minerals, including cerussite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, leadhillite, hydrozincite, rosasite, aurichalcite, murdochite, limonite, pyromorphite, wulfenite, calcite and quartz.

Properties and applications

Basic properties of plattnerite were described in 1845. Already then, the mineral was known under its name, given to honor Karl Friedrich Plattner (1800–1858), professor of metallurgy and assaying at the Mining Academy in Freiberg, Saxony, Germany.

Its crystal structure was refined later on synthetic samples. Plattnerite belongs to the rutile mineral group. It has tetragonal symmetry, space group P42/mnm (No. 136), Pearson symbol tP6, lattice constants a = 0.491 nm, c = 0.3385 nm, Z = 2 (two formula units per unit cell).
  
Lead dioxide is used in lead acid batteries and electrochemistry, but only in synthetic form – both plattnerite and scrutinyite are too rare and find no practical application.

References

External links
Spectroscopic data on plattnerite

Oxide minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 136
Focke-Achgelis Fa 225. The Focke-Achgelis Fa 225 was an experimental single-seat rotary wing glider built in Nazi Germany by Focke-Achgelis in 1942. Only a single example was constructed.

Design and development
In the first half of the Second World War, the DFS 230B assault glider was used primarily to land troops and supplies, but was found of limited capability as it needed a  relatively large landing area. The Fa 225 was conceived to marry the rotor of the Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 with the fuselage of the DFS 230B, allowing the glider to land in 18 m or less. The rotor was mounted on a framework of struts above the centre of gravity and strengthened long stroke undercarriage units were fitted either side and at the tail.

Towed behind a Junkers Ju 52/3m, Carl Bode piloted the Fa 225 on its first flight in 1943. Construction of the aircraft only took seven weeks, but series production was not proceeded with due to the relatively slow aero-towing speed and changes in operational doctrine.

Specifications

See also
Focke-Achgelis Fa 223
Focke-Achgelis Fa 330
Focke-Achgelis Fa 269

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Fa 225
1940s German military transport aircraft
1940s German helicopters
Transverse rotor helicopters
Rotor kites
Aircraft first flown in 1942
Nord Aviation CT20. The Nord Aviation CT20 was a French turbojet-powered radio-controlled target drone introduced in 1957. Developed from the Arsenal / S.F.E.C.M.A.S. T.5.510, the CT.20 was built by Nord Aviation and powered by a Turbomeca Marboré II engine, providing a top speed of  and a flying time of 55 to 60 minutes. It has been noted for its similarity to the Ryan Firebee. The unmanned drone was used in the development of air-to-air missiles following the Second World War.

After the startup of the turbojet, the target drone is placed on a ramp and launched using two rockets. During its flight, the drone is controlled via radio signals from the ground. As it is made of light material, it is buoyant in water and can be recovered if it is forced to land on water.

Variants

Arsenal T.5.510 / S.F.E.C.M.A.S. T.5.510
 Original design work and development of the CT.20 carried out before SFECMAS was absorbed by SNCAN.
CT20
Radio controlled target
R20
Battlefield reconnaissance drone. 62 built for French Army.
Saab Rb 08
Anti-ship missile (AShM) version of CT20 for Royal Swedish Navy. 68 built.

Specifications (CT.20)

See also 
 KS-1 Komet
 KSShch
 P-15 Termit, P-5/35/45/6 Pyatyorka Redut Sepal URSS

References

CT20
Target drones of France
Single-engined jet aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Akaflieg München Mü11 Papagei. The Akaflieg München Mü11 Papagei is a primary glider that was designed and built in Germany in 1935.

Development 
The Mü11 Papagei, (Parrot), was a Primary style training glider similar to the SG-38 but with a Mü Scheibe aerofoil section. Flight trials were carried out but there is very little information available. Only one photograph and a contemporary model survive. The photograph shows the pilots seat surrounded by a plywood nacelle.

References

1930s German sailplanes
Mu11
Aircraft first flown in 1935
William Dalby (engineer). William Ernest Dalby, FRS (21 December 1862 – 25 June 1936) was a British engineer.

At the age of 14, he started work in the Stratford Locomotive Works of the Great Eastern Railway. In 1884, he moved to work in the Crewe Works of the London and North Western Railway as Chief Assistant in the Permanent Way Department. He studied in his spare time for a BSc degree at London University.

In 1891, he was appointed to help Sir Alfred Ewing set up an Engineering Department at Cambridge University. In 1904, upon the retirement of William Unwin, he was made Professor of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the City and Guilds of London Institute Central Technical College, which, in 1907, was renamed the City and Guilds College and then, in 1910, became incorporated into Imperial College, London. There, he produced a number of Balancing Engines which were important in the development of more efficient railway engines. He wrote the book The Balancing of Engines published in 1902.

He was Vice-President of both the Institute of Mechanical Engineers and the Institution of Civil Engineers. In 1913, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

He died at his home in Ealing, London.

References

External links
 Imperial College Obituary
 

1862 births
1936 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society
British steam engine engineers
Place of birth missing
Deans of the City and Guilds College
Codrug. A codrug consists of two drug moieties, generally "active against the same disease", that are joined through one or more covalent chemical bonds to create a single new chemical entity; they can also be described as a mutual prodrug, recognising that a catabolic biosynthetic step is most often required to liberate the two drugs. While acting against the same disease, the two moities may operate via different mechanisms of action, and so display differing specific therapeutic effects. The recognised advantages of a codrug approach to small molecule drug design include the possibilities of (i) combined efficacies of the two drugs that are therapeutically synergistic, (ii) altered properties that improve the pharmacokinetics (e.g., halflife) of the codrug over its individually administered components (iii) improved modes of drug delivery, and (iv) masking of reactive functional groups of each component drug, possibly improving shelf life (as well as pharmacokinetics).

Elements of codrug design

An effective codrug should be pharmacologically inactive in its own right but should release the constituent drugs upon biochemical breakage of the chemical linkage at the target tissue where their therapeutic effects are needed. As such, the chemical linkage (usually a covalent bond) should be subjectable to biodegradation, such as hydrolysis, by an enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanism. The differential distribution of enzymes capable of catalyzing the breakage of the chemical linkage in different tissues may be exploited to achieve tissue-specific metabolism of the codrug to release the constituent drugs.

Common codrugs

 Sulfasalazine: Sulfapyridine linked via an azo group to 5-aminosalicylic acid.
 Alpha-GPC: Choline linked to glycerophosphate.
 Benorylate: Paracetamol linked via esterification to acetylsalicylic acid.
 Cod-THC: THC linked via a carbonate group to codeine.
 Fenethylline: Amphetamine linked to theophylline.
 Sultamicillin: ampicillin linked via via esterification to sulbactam.

References

See also
 Combination drug
 Drug synergy
 Ampicillin/sulbactam