omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Unity build. In software engineering, a unity build (also known as unified build, jumbo build or blob build) is a method used in C and C++ software development to speed up the compilation of projects by combining multiple translation units into a single one, usually achieved by using include directives to bundle multiple source files into one larger file.

Implementation 
If two different translation units file_a.cc

#include "header.h"

// content of source file A ...

and file_b.cc

#include "header.h"

// content of source file B ...

in the same project both include the header header.h, that header will be processed twice by the compiler chain, once for each build task. If the two translation units are merged into a single source file jumbo_file.cc

#include "file_a.cc"
#include "file_b.cc"

then header.h will be processed only once (thanks to include guards) when compiling jumbo_file.cc.

Effects 
The main benefit of unity builds is a reduction of duplicated effort in parsing and compiling the content of headers that are included in more than one source file. The content of headers usually accounts for the majority of code in a source file after preprocessing. Unity builds also mitigate the overhead caused by having a large number of small source files by reducing the number of object files created and processed by the compilation chain, and allows interprocedural analysis and optimisation across the files that form the unity build task (similar to the effects of link-time optimisation). They make it also easier to detect violations of the One Definition Rule, because if a symbol is defined twice in different source files in the same unity build, the compiler will be able to identify the redefinition and emit a warning or error.

One of the drawbacks of unity builds is a larger memory footprint due to larger translation units. Larger translation units can also negatively affect parallel builds, since a small number of large compile jobs is generally harder or impossible to schedule to saturate all available parallel computing resources effectively. Unity builds can also deny part of the benefits of incremental builds, that rely on rebuilding as little code as possible, i.e. only the translation units affected by changes since the last build.

Unity builds have also potentially dangerous effects on the semantics of programs. Some valid C++ constructs that rely on internal linkage may fail under a unity build, for instance clashes of static symbols and symbols defined in anonymous namespaces with the same identifier in different files. If different C++ files define different functions with the same name, the compiler may unexpectedly resolve the overloading by selecting the wrong function, in a way that was not possible when designing the software with the files as different translation units. Another adverse effect is the possible leakage of macro definitions across different source files.

Build system support 
Some build systems provide built-in support for automated unity builds, including Visual Studio, Meson, CMake. and xmake.

References 

 

Build automation

C++ compilers
C++ programming language family
C++ software
Rashmi Urdhwareshe. Rashmi Urdhwardeshe born Rashmi Ranade (born c.1959) is an Indian automotive engineer. She is the director of the Automotive Research Association of India. In March 2020 she received the Nari Shakti Puraskar.

Life
Urdhwareshe was born in Nagpur in 1959. In 1977 she opted to study at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur Electrical Engineering and then completed her post graduation from COEP in Automotive Engineering, which was then an unusual and challenging choice of career for a woman in India. There were few women (and not many toilets) at the engineering college and automotive was usually an all-male preserve.
 
She was trained in electronic engineering and helped to develop controls for the hydraulics of testing machines and then on emission control. She helped develop methods of measurement of emissions at what was the first Indian laboratory studying emissions. Her areas of expertise are automotive safety, emissions and ambient air quality (AQM), E-mobility, sustainable transport, vehicle regulation, homologation, etc. She is an expert on total quality management and co-authored a book on the subject.

She was keen on sport as a girl, learned to play the sitar and in time she was a champion at Bridge for her state.

She was chosen to be the next director of the Automotive Research Association of India in 2014.

In March 2020, her work in 2019 was recognised with the highest award for women in India. The Nari Shakti Puraskar was given by the President of India Ram Nath Kovind recognising her work over 35 years work in automotive research and development. At the time she was based in Pune so she travelled to get the award in Delhi at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Center. The award is made to women who have worked exceptionally for women's empowerment. After the ceremony Urdhwardeshe complimented the Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his work in this area noting the largely untapped potential of under educated women in India.
Rashmi Urdhwareshe is the incoming President of SAE India.

Private life
Her husband Hemant Urdhwareshe is also an engineer. He cared for their fourteen-month-old child, Sarang Urdhwareshe, while his wife was in Germany for six months.

References

1960 births
Living people
People from Nagpur
Indian mechanical engineers
Nari Shakti Puraskar winners
Women automotive engineers
Cicaré CH-2. The Cicaré CH-2 was a helicopter designed and built by Augusto Cicaré in Argentina in the early 1960s.

Design
The CH-2 was a two-seat, single-engine helicopter whose airframe and tail boom was made from steel. The main rotor 3 three blades, and the tail rotor transmission was carried out through a shaft. The main transmission featured a 90° stage and belts stage.

Specifications

References

Helicopters
Henry Watson (1737–1786). Colonel Henry Watson (1737 – 17 September 1786) was a British military engineer who worked in India. He was known for his mathematical abilities and knowledge of engineering, was involved in the design of the Calcutta dockyard, and served as a chief engineer of Bengal. An area in Calcutta known as Watgunge is named after him.

Watson was the son of a grazier from Holbeach, Lincolnshire. He showed a talent for mathematics at Birke's school in Gosberton near Spalding. He was recommended to Thomas Whichcote of Harpeswell, MP for Lincolnshire, who had him tested by the master of Brigg school, following which he nominated Watson to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. He received training from Professor Thomas Simpson who became a close friend and contributed articles to The Ladies' Diary, a mathematical periodical.

Watson was commissioned on 27 December 1755 in the 52nd foot, Abercrombie's regiment. He transferred to the 50th foot, Studholme Hodgson's regiment, on 25 September 1757. Watson passed Woolwich Academy on 17 March 1759 and was commissioned as a sub-engineer.

Before Simpson died in 1760 he left his mathematical manuscripts with Watson to be revised and published. Watson was unable to do this; he was posted to Belleisle under Commodore Keppel and General Hodgson and then to Havana under Admiral Sir George Pocock.

Taking part in sieges and actions, Watson was promoted to 104th foot. On 4 February 1763 he was recommended by Lord Clive to be sent to India. He arrived in Calcutta in 1764, and was a field engineer in the East India Company from 9 May and chief engineer of Bengal. His works included improving Fort William, and works at Budge Budge and Melancholy Point. He designed and proposed dry and wet docks at Calcutta but this was not completed due to lack of funds. He had two warships, Nonsuch and Surprise, built by George Louch under his direction.

He became a lieutenant colonel in January 1775 and returned to England, where he translated Euler's Compleat Theory of the Construction and Properties of Vessels (1776).

He was recalled to India in 1780, and took along with him the mathematician Reuben Burrow. He also worked with James Creassy.

Watson's health declined. He resigned in January 1786 and left India in the spring. He reached Dover, but died there, and was buried on 22 September in a vault in St. Mary's Church there.

References

External links 
 A Complete Theory of the Construction and Properties of Vessels With Practical Conclusions for the Management of Ships, Made Easy to Navigators (1790 edition)

1737 births
1786 deaths
British military engineers
British people in colonial India
Mark Beno. Mark Beno (1951 – August 24, 2019) was a Senior Chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory best known for his work in chemical crystallography. He was the first to determine the crystal structure of the high temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7, and his research continues to help researchers understand the types and structures that are likely to form this class. Beno was posthumously awarded the distinction of Fellow by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

Biography

Personal life 
Mark married Mary Beno and has a son. He is also survived by his father (Donald), his brother (Henry) and his sister (Donna).

Education 
Mark Beno received his B.S. in chemistry and mathematics from Marquette University in 1973 and a Ph.D in physical chemistry from Ohio State University in 1979.

Work 
Mark Beno was a Senior Chemist at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne national Laboratory, joining the company in 1982.

His early work was focused on solving the crystal structures of superconductors, which are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance. He was the first to person to determine the crystal structure of the high temperature superconductor, YBa2Cu3O7, and published his results in a paper in 1989.

After this, Beno became a member of the Synchrotron Radiation Science group in the Materials Science Division where he was in charge of the design, construction, and operations of the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center (BESSRC) beamlines at Sectors 11 and 12 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.

In the mid-90s when APS was moving from construction to operations he was asked to help develop the scientific programs coming online. Beno was appointed the BESSRC group leader and moved with his group of colleagues to what is now the X-ray Science Division (XSD) in 2003. In 2005 he was named the deputy director for XSD, and has twice served as its interim division director.

Beno's research has produced more than 190 publications which resulted in three awards from the DOE Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, for Outstanding Scientific Accomplishment.

Honours & awards 
In 2019 Mark Beno was posthumously awarded the distinction of Fellow by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for his expertise in chemical crystallography. He was the only Argonne scientist awarded this honour in 2019.

The AAAS honour recognizes diverse accomplishments, including pioneering research, leadership, teaching and mentoring, fostering collaborations and advancing public understanding of science. To be considered for the rank of Fellow, an AAAS member has to be nominated by three previously elected fellows, the steering group of an AAAS section, or the organization's CEO.

References 

20th-century American chemists
21st-century American chemists
American crystallographers
1951 births
2019 deaths
Williams J400. The Williams International J400 is a small turbojet engine developed by Williams Research to power target drones.

Design
The J400 is a single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet engine. There are two versions of the J400, the WR2 which yields 125 lbs. of thrust, and the more powerful WR24, which yields 190-240 pounds of thrust.

Applications
 BQM-74 Chukar
 Canadair CL-89

See also

References 

1960s turbojet engines
J400
Naval Air Establishment Chiang Gae'n. The Naval Air Establishment Chiang Gae'n was a reconnaissance/trainer seaplane built in China during the early 1930s.

Design
The Chiang Gae'n was a biplane design with provisions for a pilot and observer, intended to serve as either a reconnaissance aircraft or advanced trainer.

Operators

Chinese Navy

References 

1930s Chinese military reconnaissance aircraft
Naval Air Establishment aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Bodil Holst. Bodil Holst is a Danish-Norwegian physicist known for her work on nanoscale imaging, material characterisation and mask based lithography using molecular beams. Other research areas include smart surfaces  and plant fibre identification.  She is a professor in the department of physics and technology at the University of Bergen in Norway.

Education and career
Holst studied physics and mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. In 1997, she earned a doctorate at the University of Cambridge.  She continued as a postdoctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Fluid Dynamics in Göttingen, Germany and at the Graz University of Technology in Austria. On the verge of giving up her academic career, she came to the University of Bergen in 2007, funded by a recruitment grant from the Trond Mohn Foundation.

Books
Bodil Holst is the author of the self-published book Scientific Paper Writing: A Survival Guide (2015), illustrated by Jorge Cham. With Gianangelo Bracco, she is the co-editor of the book Surface Science Techniques (Springer, 2013).

Recognition
2023 Elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters  
2019 Appointed Chair of the Kavli Prize Committee in Nanoscience for the period 2019-2024.  
2018 Elected to the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences 
2015 Elected to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
2008 Elected to the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants for the period 2008–2011 and re-elected in 2011 for the period 2011-2014
2007 Trond Mohn Research Foundation Recruitment Grant
2000 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Fellowship
1999 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Research Fellowship

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Danish physicists
Danish women physicists
Norwegian physicists
21st-century Norwegian women scientists
Academic staff of the University of Bergen
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
People associated with IUPAP
Liberation Tower (Purbachal, Dhaka). Liberation Tower is a skyscraper that will be built in Central Business District (CBD) at Purbachal Sector 19 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The project is a part of Bangabandhu Tri-Towers project, which will include two other towers: Language Tower (244m) and Legacy Tower (428m).

References

Purbachal
Proposed skyscrapers
Proposed buildings and structures in Bangladesh
Skyscrapers in Bangladesh
Human Horizons. Human Horizons Technology was a Chinese electric car manufacturer company based in Shanghai that made electric cars under the HiPhi marque. It operated a production and assembly smart plant in Yancheng, Jiangsu, and its parts boutique prototype factory in Jinqiao, Shanghai.

History
Human Horizons was founded in August 2017 by Ding Lei.

The company's headquarters is in Shanghai. The company was named the Human Horizons name on 25 October 2018, alongside three Human Horizons concept cars.

On 31 July 2019, the HiPhi brand was launched alongside its first concept car, the HiPhi 1.

In September 2020, Human Horizons launched the HiPhi X, a luxury pure electric vehicle. On May 8, 2021, HiPhi X began to be delivered to Chinese car owners. On November 6 of the same year, Chinese Horizon launched HiPhi Z. On March 31, 2022, HiPhi Z GT was released.

In April 2023, the company's third model debuted, positioned below the flagship "X", a large crossover HiPhi Y. In parallel, the company announced plans to start sales in Europe, starting with the "X" model. In November 2023, the high-performance version of the flagship "Z" debuted under the name HiPhi A.

At the beginning of 2024, Human Horizons found itself in a difficult financial situation, which prompted the company's management to implement radical cost-cutting measures. In January, the company closed its two large showroom-style showrooms in Chengdu and Guangzhou, and also had to suspend all work of the research and development center. A month later, Human Horizons officially confirmed that it was suspending all operations, starting from the development of new products, to the production of its current cars for the next 6 months. In addition, staff received salary cuts of up to 70% of their salary, encouraging staff to look for a new employer.

After an unsuccessful search for new owners, considering either selling shares or entering into cooperation within a joint venture, Human Horizons filed for bankruptcy in early August 2024.

Products 
HiPhi X
HiPhi Y
HiPhi Z

Concept vehicles

References

External links
Official website

Electric vehicle manufacturers of China
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2017
Chinese companies established in 2017
Manufacturing companies based in Shanghai
Jasna Jakobsen. Jasna Bogunović Jakobsen is a Norwegian wind engineer who studies the structural loads and aeroelastic flutter caused by wind on bridges and bridge cables. She is a professor in the Department of Machinery, Building and Materials Technology at the University of Stavanger.

Education and career
Jakobsen earned a PhD at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1994,
and joined the University of Stavanger faculty as an associate professor of civil engineering in 1995. She became a full professor in 2003.

Contributions
Jakobsen has used a combination of anemometers and accelerometers to study the effects of wind on the Lysefjord Bridge in Norway. Her research on using lidar to measure wind speeds has been used to ensure the safety of a bridge across the Bjørnafjorden, designed to be the world's longest floating bridge.

Recognition
Jakobsen is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Stavanger
Norwegian civil engineers
Norwegian women engineers
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences
20th-century women engineers
21st-century women engineers
20th-century Norwegian women scientists
MoonRun. MoonRun is a type of specialized virtual training indoor aerobic exercise equipment. It was invented by Jonathan Hoffman, a physical therapist. MoonRun is suspended from a door, wall hook, or beam, similar to other sling-training exercise devices like the TRX System. It uses motion sensors and an elastic system to provide various body training, including running, jumping and turning, in a virtual environment.

Overview
MoonRun is a type of suspension training system which trains the body to develop aerobic capacity, core stability, flexibility, balance, and strength. It uses motion sensors and an elastic system, and is designed to provide high-intensity yet low-impact physical training. The equipment enables natural physical movements such as running, walking, sprinting, jumping, turning, and squatting in a virtual training environment.

MoonRun can be used by professional athletes for performance enhancement, and also by people who are unable to exercise because of physical injury or lack of fitness. Developers can also create new virtual training exercise worlds for users to add to the functionality of the equipment.

History
MoonRun was invented in 2016 by Jonathan Hoffman, an Australian-educated physiotherapist and human movement researcher from Tel Aviv, Israel. He founded MoonRun when he wanted to develop a novel aerobic suspension trainer for indoor exercise.

Hoffman also invented CoreAlign, an exercise training tool used by athletes such as Cristiano Ronaldo.

See also
TRX System

References

External links
MoonRun (Global)
MoonRun (Israel)
MoonRun (South Korea)

Weight training equipment
Exercise equipment companies
Exercise equipment
Exercise-related trademarks
Nicolás Gallo. Nicolás Vicente Gallo (born 2 February 1938) is an Argentinian politician and civil engineer who served as Minister of Infrastructure and Housing during the presidency of Fernando de la Rúa between 1999 and 2001. 

He also served as president of Subterráneos de Buenos Aires SE (SBASE), the state-owned company who managed the Buenos Aires Metro in 1983. During his term as its president the Premetro was created. After his term as the president of the SBASE, he was designated the president of ENTel in 1987.

References

Living people
1938 births
Housing ministers of Argentina
Infrastructure ministers of Argentina
Argentine civil engineers
THC production by yeast. Cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active drug in cannabis, can also be produced by bioengineered yeast, a process colloquially known as pharming. In 2007, a research group reported the successful transgenic placement of a THCA synthase gene from Cannabis plant into the Pichia pastoris yeast, giving the yeast the ability to turn the precursor molecule cannabigerolic acid into THCA. In 2019, researchers at University of California, Berkeley reported in Nature that they had bioengineered yeast able to completely synthesize THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids, using only sugar as a food.

At least two companies have pursued intellectual property protection for biosynthesis of cannabinoids in yeast. The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has funded research into "techniques to synthesize cannabinoids in yeast", saying that if successful, it "would cost less than obtaining them from the cannabis plant".

See also

Conversion of CBD to THC
List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms
Hops and cannabinoids

References

Sources

Further reading

2007 in cannabis
2019 in cannabis
American inventions
Genetically modified organisms