omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aquaver. Aquaver is a cleantech company headquartered in Voorburg, Netherlands, with offices at the High Tech Campus Eindhoven. Aquaver is acknowledged to be the first company worldwide to develop commercial systems based on membrane distillation, a novel technology for water treatment.

Technology
The technology of the Aquaver systems is based on membrane distillation. Membrane distillation combines membrane separation and distillation, with hydrophobic membranes and differences in vapour pressure. The Vacuum Multi Effect Membrane Distillation (VMEMD) configuration used in Aquaver systems adds the advantages of low-temperature operation and multi-effects to the membrane distillation characteristics. Aquaver has collaborated with memsys and Philips to develop its water treatment systems.

Applications
Aquaver membrane distillation units are focused at desalination, industrial water treatment, and 'difficult-to-treat' waters. In February 2014 Aquaver commissioned in Gulhi, Maldives, the world's first desalination plant based on membrane distillation. The desalination plant makes use of the waste-heat produced by the existing diesel generators, which provide electricity to the island, to power the water purification process.

Aquaver is also participating with Abengoa and Masdar in a 7.9 million dollar project to develop an innovative desalination pilot plant in Ghantoot city, in Abu Dhabi’s border with Dubai. The desalination plant will have a capacity of producing 1,000 m3/d of desalted water using a hybrid system consisting in reverse osmosis in combination with an innovative membrane distillation system, provided by Aquaver, to optimize the traditional reverse osmosis process.

Awards
Aquaver has received the Water Innovator of the Year 2013  and the Frost & Sullivan 2014 European New Product Innovation Leadership Award for the development of its membrane distillation water treatment systems.

Merge
In 2015 Aquaver merged with memsys, which provides the membrane distillation modules used in Aquaver systems.  The Aquaver management team, who started the company and brought membrane distillation to the market, has left to start other new ventures.

See also 
Desalination
Membrane distillation
Sewage treatment
Water pollution
List of waste-water treatment technologies
Industrial wastewater treatment

References

External links
 

Companies based in South Holland
Technology companies established in 2011
Dutch companies established in 2011
Sewerage
Water technology
Biomedical spectroscopy. Biomedical spectroscopy is a multidisciplinary research field involving spectroscopic tools for applications in the field of biomedical science. Vibrational spectroscopy such as Raman or infrared spectroscopy  is used to determine the chemical composition of a material based on detection of vibrational modes of constituent molecules. Some spectroscopic methods are routinely used in clinical settings for diagnosis of disease; an example is Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a form of chemical imaging for which the contrast is provided by composition of the material.

NOCISCAN – The first, evidence-supported, SaaS platform to leverage MR Spectroscopy to noninvasively help physicians distinguish between painful and nonpainful discs in the spine.

References 

Spectroscopy
Flower Garden of Isfahan. The Flower garden of Isfahan was one of Iran's great green space projects, which was completed in 1990s in Isfahan. The garden serves multiple purposes. It's a recreational, cultural, educational and research center. The buildings of the garden have Iranian traditional elements.

The different parts of the garden 
The entrance pavilion includes a building with the dimensions of 6x9 meters and a height of 6 m. At the ground floor, there's an information office. The whole landscape of the garden can be viewed from the deck of the building's first floor. The second floor includes a hall for showing movies and slides about various kinds of plants.

The Rock garden has 250 rock plant species covering an area of 2500 m2.

The Water fall is located on the eastern side of the rock garden. It is 4 m high and constructed with various river stones.

The Pond on the southeastern side of the garden stretches over 3500 m2. It helps freshen the air of the garden and for growing various water plants.

Playground for children separated from other parts of the garden by various kinds of hedges.

Main plant area wholly covered by lawn. The garden has been varied by planting different kinds of plants such as seasonal and permanent flowers and ornamental shrubs. In the center of the garden, a carpet-like design has been made by different flowers. The 5000 m2 paths are covered by granite stones with different shapes.

Rose garden for growing the various kinds of roses cultivated in Iran.

The Greenhouse has been built over 700 m2 on the northeastern side of the garden due to the shortage of flowers in winter.

The Herb garden covers 1170 m2 and has 132 species of herbs from different parts of Iran.

References 

Isfahan
Parks in Iran
Tourist attractions in Isfahan
Cymat Technologies. Cymat Technologies is a materials technology company based out of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, and involved in the production of stabilized aluminum foam.

Business 

Cymat Technologies has the worldwide rights, through patents and licenses, to manufacture Stabilized Aluminum Foam (“SAF”).   Cymat is focused on producing SAF for architecture, blast mitigation and automotive industries. The company markets architectural SAF under the Alusion trademark and automotive and blast mitigation SAF under the SmartMetal trademark.

Cymat Technologies operates out of its manufacturing plant in Toronto, Canada. The plant can manufacture approximately $50 million in stabilized aluminum foam annually.

Process 

As described in the patent originally created by Alcan with parallel patents created by Norsk Hydro, "Stabilized Aluminum Foam" is generated in a continuous casting process via direct shop air injection into a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) melt. The MMC comprises an Al-Si cast alloy with a volume of particle in suspension. The purpose of the particle is to provide melt stability and must adhere to the following criteria;

 Consist of Alumina, Titanium diboride, Zirconia, Silicon Carbide, Silicon nitride or any solid stabilizer materials
 Must compose of less than 25 vol% of the MMC
 Particulate sizes must range from 0.5 μm – 25 μm, preferably in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm

Though it is a controversial topic, it is widely accepted that the presence of the solid particles aid in the "stabilization" of bubbles. It is thought that particulate aids in foam stability via the following mechanisms:

 Increase bulk liquid viscosity
Slows the flow of molten metal through the cell walls to help maintain a stable structure.

 Creates a mechanical disjoining pressure
A repulsive force which helps to maintain the cell wall thickness between two adjacent cells.

 Reduction in Drainage
Presence of particulate in the foam helps to impede the flow of molten metal in the direction of gravity by obstructing the cell walls and sustaining the liquid.

The process for the creation of Stabilized Aluminum Foam and can be broken down into these 4 rudimentary steps:

Melting
Air Injection
Casting
Solidification

Once the raw MMC is melted, it is then transferred to the foaming apparatus where gas is injected into the melt and dispersed using either rotating impellers or vibrating nozzles. The bubbles rise to the surface and the resultant metal foam mixture cast will rise out of the foaming apparatus due to its density relative to that of the molten MMC. As the metallic foam is being cast, it is simultaneously drawn off the surface by, for example, a conveyor belt. While it is drawn off, it is then cooled and forms a porous metallic structure.

See also 

 Aluminium foam sandwich
 Composite materials
 Metal foam
 Metal matrix composite

References

Scientific organizations based in Canada
Natural Resources Canada
Companies based in Mississauga
Wilderness Island. Wilderness Island is the 2.7 hectare island between the Wandle and Wrythe in Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton. It is designated a Local Nature Reserve and a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation, is owned by Sutton Council and is managed by the London Wildlife Trust.

Features
A fish pond still remains from a former public garden on the site. Other habitats are woodland, meadows and river. Trees include a black poplar, and there are birds such as the woodpecker, kingfisher and grebe. Butterflies/moths include the speckled wood, holly blue, and the rare hornet clearwing moth. The ponds are an important habitat which have a variety of wetland plants.

History

The island from the seventeenth century was the site of copper mills. It was later the site of a pleasure garden.

References

Local nature reserves in Greater London
Nature reserves in the London Borough of Sutton
London Wildlife Trust
Bill Callegari. William Anthony Callegari Sr. (born September 23, 1941), is a businessman and  civil engineer from Katy, a suburb of Houston, Texas, who was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives. From 2001 to 2003, he represented District 130; in 2003, he was switched to neighboring District 132 in northwestern Harris County.

References

1941 births
Living people
People from Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
School board members in Texas
Republican Party members of the Texas House of Representatives
American civil engineers
Businesspeople from Texas
Louisiana State University alumni
University of Houston alumni
People from Katy, Texas
21st-century members of the Texas Legislature
LaBranche Wetlands Bridge. The LaBranche Wetlands Bridge is a concrete trestle bridge in the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a total length of , it is one of the longest bridges in the world. The bridge carries Interstate 310 over the LaBranche Wetlands in St. Charles Parish. The bridge opened in 1992.

The LaBranche Wetlands Bridge was constructed using a method known as "end-on construction" to avoid damaging the environmentally sensitive LaBranche Wetlands. This is a top-down technique in which construction platforms are mounted on concrete piles to avoid disrupting the environment below. From these platforms, the next set of piles and bridge viaducts are placed, allowing the platform to progress forward for the next set. The bridge won the 1992 Build America award in the Highway Division category.

See also
List of bridges in the United States
List of longest bridges in the world

References

External links
LA DOTD website

Bridges completed in 1992
Transportation buildings and structures in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana
Road bridges in Louisiana
3
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Concrete bridges in the United States
Trestle bridges in the United States
1992 establishments in Louisiana
Carbyl sulfate. Carbyl sulfate is an organosulfur compound. The white solid is the product of the reaction of sulfur trioxide and ethylene.  It is used in preparation of some dyes and other organosulfur compounds. Carbyl sulfate is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic substance although commercial product can appear as a liquid.  Because of its unpleasant properties carbyl sulfate is difficult to handle and is usually not isolated but further processed to give secondary products.

Production
Regnault and Heinrich Gustav Magnus reported first in the years 1838 to 1839 on the compound as reaction product of anhydrous ethanol and anhydrous sulfuric acid.

Carbyl sulfate is produced in the highly exothermic (about 800 kcal/kg) reaction of ethylene and sulfur trioxide in the vapor phase in nearly quantitative yield.

 

Disulfuric acid and chlorosulfuric acid can also be used as a sulfonating agent, replacing sulfur trioxide.  Instead of ethylene, ethylene-forming agents can be used, e.g. ethanol or diethyl ether.

The product of industrial processes is a  water-clear liquid which has - in accordance with D.S. Breslow (107.5 to 109 °C) - a melting range from 102 to 108 °C. Previously stated melting point of about 80 °C  results from adhering sulfur trioxide.

Reactions and use
As a cyclic sulfate ester, it is an alkylating agent.  Hydrolysis affords ethionic acid, which retains one sulfate ester group. Ethionic acid undergoes further hydrolysis to isethionic acid:

Carbyl sulfate is used as precursor for vinylsulfonic acid and sodium vinyl sulfonate, which are important activated alkenes and are used e. g. as anionic comonomers. A number of functional compounds with a variety of applications are available by nucleophilic addition at the activated double bond of the vinyl sulfonic acid and its derivatives.

Safety
The material is highly reactive.  It can decompose explosively when heated above 170 °C.

References

Further reading
 

Sulfonates
Sulfate esters
Vinylsulfonic acid. Vinylsulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHSO3H. It is the simplest unsaturated sulfonic acid. The C=C double bond is a site of high reactivity.  Polymerization gives polyvinylsulfonic acid, especially when used as a comonomer with functionalized vinyl and (meth)acrylic acid compounds. It is a colorless, water-soluble liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow or even red.

Preparation 
Vinylsulfonic acid is produced industrially by the alkaline hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate with subsequent acidification of the resulting vinyl sulfonate salt:

The reaction is highly exothermic (reaction enthalpy: 1,675 kJ/kg) and requires exact maintenance of temperature and pH during the hydrolysis. When calcium hydroxide is used as the hydrolysis medium, a solution of calcium vinyl sulfonate is obtained. Acidification of this hydrolysis mixture with sulfuric acid gives vinylsulfonic acid, together with the poorly soluble calcium sulfate.

Vinylsulfonic acid also can be prepared by dehydration of isethionic acid with phosphorus pentoxide:

Vinylsulfonic acid can also be prepared by sulfochlorination of chloroethane, dehydrohalogenation to vinylsulfonyl chloride and subsequent hydrolysis of the acid chloride.

=

==

Use 
The activated C=C double bond of vinylsulfonic acid reacts readily with nucleophiles in an addition reaction. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid is formed with ammonia and 2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid with methylamine.

Vinylsulfonic acid is the monomer in the preparation of highly acidic or anionic homopolymers and copolymers.  These polymers are used in the electronic industry as photoresists, as ion-conductive polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for fuel cells. For example, transparent membranes with high ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity can be produced from polyvinylsulfonic acid.

Research
Vinylsulfonic acid may also be grafted to polymeric supports (e.g. polystyrene) to give highly acidic ion exchangers, which used as catalysts for esterification and Friedel-Crafts acylations. Where the sulfonic acid functionality is not essential, the much more usable alkaline aqueous solution of sodium vinylsulfonate is used, which is obtained directly in the alkaline hydrolysis of the carbyl sulfate and is commercially supplied as an aqueous solution..

References

Sulfonic acids
Monomers
Vinyl compounds
American Ice Company. The American Ice Company is a historic ice manufacturing plant located at 2100 West Franklin Street in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.  It is a large industrial brick building  designed by Mortimer & Company and constructed by Fidelity Construction in 1910-11  for the American Ice Company, a business that manufactured and delivered ice throughout the Mid-Atlantic and South. The building is two stories, with the brick laid in American bond, and is 21 bays long.  Three of those bays at one end of the building are slightly projected and topped by a stepped parapet, forming the entrance area of the building.

Baltimore American Ice, which had acquired American Ice in the 1960s, had switched mainly to the production of bagged ice for businesses and dry ice for industrial clients by the 1980s.

A two-alarm fire at Baltimore American Ice heavily damaged the rear of the facility in May 2001, and in early 2004, Baltimore American Ice closed the West Franklin Street factory. A more extensive fire that destroyed the more recent additions to the dry ice plant and caused severe damage to a corner of the original circa 1911 factory occurred on March 2, 2004.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. Partial demolition and construction of a new mixed-use event space, restaurant, concert venue, artist incubator, and community facility was set to begin in July 2019, with projected completion by Summer 2020. The project was never started or finished, and as recent as 2022 the property was up for lease, auction, or sale by several real estate companies locally in Baltimore. Currently the site remains empty and untouched.

See also
American Ice Company Baltimore Plant No. 2
 List of ice companies
National Register of Historic Places listings in West and Southwest Baltimore

References

External links 

American Ice Company at Abandoned
American Ice Company at Baltimore Heritage
 American Ice Company at Explore Baltimore Heritage

Buildings and structures in Baltimore
Industrial buildings completed in 1911
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore
Ice companies
1911 establishments in Maryland
Brick buildings and structures in Maryland
Focke-Achgelis Fa 284. The Focke-Achgelis Fa 284 was a project to develop a large transport helicopter, designed in 1943 by Focke-Achgelis for use by the Luftwaffe. The helicopter was powered by two BMW 801 radial engines, driving transversely-mounted rotors, and was equipped with a large, detachable cargo pod for carrying loads.

The Fa 284 project was abandoned in late 1943, being replaced by a design for an enlarged version of the Fa 223 featuring a four-rotor arrangement; this project was also abandoned.

Specifications

See also

References
Citations

Bibliography

Fa 284
1940s German military transport aircraft
1940s German helicopters
Twin-engined piston helicopters
Transverse rotor helicopters
Modular aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Gopal Krishna Nayak. Dr. Gopal Krishna Nayak was professor of information systems at XIMB.

He was the director of IIIT Bhubaneswar.

Research interests
 ERP and enterprise systems
 Group decision support systems
 Knowledge management
 e-governance

Software development
His hobby is part-time programming. Various products have emerged from this hobby.

Mandaar University Management System (M-UMS)– This is an ERP system for institutes of higher learning. It covers all aspects of an managing an institute including academics, accounting, payroll, HR, library, hostels etc.

 PAMIS – Project-based accounting system. This software has been adopted by the Panchyati Raj Department of Government of Odisha and is used to manage accounts of three tier panchayat system : 30 DRDAs, 314 Blocks, and above 6000 Panchyats.

Administrative responsibilities

Present responsibilities 

 Vice-president, BMMA
 Technology Adviser (XIMB)
 Director, IDCOL software Limited
 Director, OCAC
 Adviser, Panchyati Raj Department, Govt of Orissa

Former responsibilities 

 Director, KIIT 2005–2006
 Dean, academic, XIMB 1999–2002
 Coordinator, Admissions, XIMB 1995–1999
 Coordinator, Information Systems Area, XIMB 1994–2002
 General Chair ICIT 2008
 Director, IIIT Bhubaneswar, Jul 2007 - Apr 2021

See also
 IIIT Bhubaneswar
 XIMB

References

External links
 Faculty Profile XIMB
 Faculty Profile IIIT-BH 

Academic staff of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
Living people
IIT Kharagpur alumni
Indian Institute of Management Bangalore alumni
1960 births
Fairfield Titan. The Fairfield Titan was a giant cantilever crane at BAE Systems' Govan shipyard, and the largest such crane on the River Clyde until it was demolished in 2007.

History
The crane was built by Sir William Arrol & Co. at the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company yard in 1911, and was first used to install machinery in HMS New Zealand (1911).

The Titan was last used six weeks before its demolition, assembling a Type 45 destroyer. Despite being category A listed, permission was granted for its removal as it was hindering development of the yard, and it was dismantled over a period of three weeks and recycled.

The crane features in the song Shipyard Apprentice by Scottish traditional music group Battlefield Band.

Design
The original  tested capacity was uprated to  , and then later derated to . Two  electric motors powered the main hoist, and a  motor actuated an auxiliary hoist to allow loads of up to  to be lifted at the maximum radius of .

References

External links
 Demantling of the 'Fairfield' Titan Crane, Govan, Glasgow (Flickr gallery)

Individual cranes (machines)
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Govan
Buildings and structures completed in 1911
Buildings and structures demolished in 2007
1911 establishments in Scotland
2007 disestablishments in Scotland
Raphael Rom. Raphael "Raphi" Rom () is an Israeli computer scientist working at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.

Rom earned his Ph.D. in 1975 from the University of Utah, under the supervision of Thomas Stockham. He is known for his contribution to the development of the Catmull–Rom spline, and for his research on computer networks.

Selected publications
.
.
.
.
.
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References

External links
Home page

Living people
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Israeli computer scientists
University of Utah alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Schlenk-frit. A Schlenk-frit is a laboratory filtration device operating under inert gas conditions (schlenk conditions). It separates air- and water-sensitive suspensions into liquid and solid parts. A Schlenk-frit is made of a glass tube with a ground glass joint at both ends, a fused filter (a porous glass disk) and valves at both sides.

Use 

Before usage, the Schlenk-frit has to be heated, to remove water traces. The Schlenk-frit is put onto the product flask using an inert gas counterflow and closed at the top end with a second flask. The whole is turned 180° to start filtration. The liquid parts of the reaction mix go through the filter while the solid parts remain. 

To speed up the filtration pressure can be lowered at the bottom part of the filter. Care has to be taken that the solvent does not evaporate.

References 

Laboratory equipment