omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
GomSpace. GomSpace is a manufacturer and operator of nanosatellites for customers in the defense, academic, government and commercial markets. GomSpace's services include systems integration, nanosatellite platforms, constellation operations management and miniaturised radio technology. The company serves customers in more than 50 countries.

History 
GomSpace was founded in January 2007 and it is headquartered in Denmark. The letters G-O-M refer to the two elderly Muppet Show hecklers. The company has subsidiaries in Sweden, North America and Luxembourg. In 2016, GomSpace became listed on Nasdaq in Sweden and GomSpace Sweden was founded.

In October 2016, GomSpace bought the Swedish company NanoSpace from the Swedish Space Corporation. NanoSpace is developing MEMS-based miniature ion thruster for satellite navigation. using ionized xenon as a propellant. In 2018, NanoSpace changed name to GomSpace Sweden.

GomSpace has signed several contracts with the Luxembourg Government to develop advanced satellite operations facilities in Luxembourg. In 2021 the company signed a major deal to build and operate the Scout CubeMAP constellation, an advanced climate monitoring system. GomSpace has also collaborated to complete several research projects with universities and industrial partnerships.

References 

Spacecraft manufacturers
Technology companies of Denmark
Danish companies established in 2007
Fuji Cabin. The Fuji Cabin is a three-wheeled microcar produced by Fuji Toshuda Motors of Tokyo, Japan, from 1957 until 1958. It was introduced at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1955. The car has two front wheels and one rear. Its two-seater body, with a distinctive single headlamp, is constructed of fibreglass.

The Cabin is powered by an air-cooled single-cylinder 2-stroke  Gasuden engine, producing  and giving the car a top speed of .

Despite being one of the most successful cars of its type in Japan's post-Second World War automobile market, only 85 units were built, partly because of the relatively poor quality of its fibreglass body and partly because of its relatively high price.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Three-wheeled motor vehicles
Cars introduced in 1955
Ana Mijic. Ana Mijic is an associate professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Imperial College London who works in systems water management. She has expertise in advanced modelling of integrated water systems, as well as the analysis of processes, planning, resilience and economics.

Education 
Mijic completed an MEng degree in civil engineering at the University of Belgrade, Serbia. She moved to Imperial College London and earned a master's degree in hydrology for environmental management, in 2009 with distinction. She received her PhD from Imperial College London in 2013, for "Near-well effects in carbon dioxide storage in saline aquifers". Mijic was described by the Royal Meteorological Society as an "influential voice" in 2017.

Research 
After completing her PhD, Mijic remained at Imperial working on the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). Since, she has been involved with a number of large scale international hydrological studies and surveys. In 2014 she was co-investigator on a NERC British Geological Survey funded project "Assessing the risk of groundwater-induced sewer flooding to inform water and sewerage company investment planning" alongside Chris Jackson. That year she led "Improved techno-economic evaluation of Blue Green Solutions for managing flood risk to infrastructure", also funded by NERC. She was co-investigator on FLIRE, an integrated decision support system for risk assessment of flash floods and forest fires. Mijic works with Imperial College London's Grantham Institute for Climate Change on Blue Green Dream, a systems approach to sustainable, cost-efficient urban development. She also works on "Hydroflux India", which monitors changes in water storage and fluxes in Northern India. She has also investigated pluvial floods in mediterranean cities.

Mijic is an affiliate of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change. In 2017, Mijic was promoted to senior lecturer at Imperial College London. Her research themes focus on:
 Data collection and simulations of inclusive water management zones
 Refining developed methods to improve planning and decision making of integrated water management
 Providing inputs for land surface-atmosphere coupling and urban micro-climate simulations
Mijic has three children and has spoken about how the support of Imperial College London allowed her to balance a scientific career and being a mother.

Awards 
2015 – Business Green Technology Award 2015 for the Blue Green Dream R&D Programme of the Year 
2011 – ORSAS (Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme) Award, The Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London
2010 – John Archer Scholarship Award, The Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London
2009 – Victor Appleby Prize in Engineering Hydrology, Imperial College London
2009 – The Letitia Chitty Centenary Memorial Prize, Imperial College London

References

Living people
University of Belgrade Faculty of Civil Engineering alumni
Alumni of Imperial College London
Academics of Imperial College London
Hydrologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women hydrologists
Equihash. Equihash is a memory-hard Proof-of-work algorithm introduced by the University of Luxembourg's Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) at the 2016 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. The algorithm is based on a generalization of the Birthday problem which finds colliding hash values. It has severe time-space trade-offs but concedes vulnerability to unforeseen parallel optimizations. It was designed such that parallel implementations are bottle-necked by memory bandwidth in an attempt to worsen the cost-performance trade-offs of designing custom ASIC implementations. ASIC resistance in Equihash is based on the assumption that commercially-sold hardware already has quite high memory bandwidth, so improvements made by custom hardware may not be worth the development cost.

General
Equihash was proposed by Alex Biryukov and Dmitry Khovratovich as part of the University of Luxembourg research group CryptoLUX. It was introduced at the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium 2016 in San Diego. Notable blockchain-based projects such as ZCash, BitcoinZ, Horizen, Aion, Hush, and Pirate Chain have integrated Equihash for reasons such as security, privacy, and ASIC miner resistance.

The manufacturer Bitmain has succeeded in optimizing the processing of Zcash's Equihash-200,9 with an ASIC.

Specification 
Equihash has three parameters –  , , and  – which determine the algorithm's time and memory requirements. The time complexity is proportional to while the memory complexity is proportional to . The algorithm is often implemented with  (using an alternative method of controlling the effective difficulty).

The problem in Equihash is to find distinct, -bit values  to satisfy  such that  has  leading zeros, where  is a chosen hash function. In addition, there are "algorithm binding conditions" which are intended to reduce the risk of other algorithms developed to solve the underlying birthday problem being applicable. A memory-less verification requires hashes and XORs.

Memory-hardness and time-space tradeoffs 
It is proposed that the puzzle in Equihash be solved by a variation of Wagner's algorithm for the generalized birthday problem. (Note that the underlying problem is not exactly the Generalized Birthday Problem as defined by Wagner, since it uses a single list rather than multiple lists.) The proposed algorithm makes  iterations over a large list. For every factor of  fewer entries per list, computational complexity of the algorithm scales proportional to  for memory-efficient implementations. Alcock and Ren
refute Equihash’s security claims, concluding that no tradeoff-resistance bound is in fact known for Equihash.

Usage 

The cryptocurrency Zcash implements Equihash with  and .

The cryptocurrency BitcoinGold implements Equihash with  and .

See also
Proof of stake

References

External links 

Cryptocurrencies
Cryptographic algorithms
Electravia Monotrace-E. The Electravia Monotrace-E is a French electric ultralight trike that was produced by Electravia of Vaumeilh and based on the AEF Monotrace. Now out of production, when it was available it was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The Monotrace-E was designed as a soaring motor glider, to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

The aircraft design features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single electric motor in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing and composite materials, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a  E-Motor GMPE 102 electric motor, powered by a Kokam battery pack and driving an E-Props propeller, giving about 25 minutes endurance.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a payload of .

Specifications (Monotrace-E)

References

Monotrace
2010s French sport aircraft
2010s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Electric aircraft
SS B.F. Jones. SS B.F. Jones was a steel-hulled Great Lakes freighter that was named after one of the founders of the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company. She was launched on December 30, 1905 as hull #15. She operated from April 1906 to August 21, 1955 when she collided with the steamer Cason J. Callaway. After inspection she was declared a constructive total loss, and scrapped in Duluth, Minnesota.

History
B.F. Jones (U.S. Registry #202839) was a product of the Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ecorse, Michigan for the Interstate Steamship Company (a subsidiary of Jones and Laughlin Steel Company) of Cleveland, Ohio. She was  in length, having a  beam and  height, with a gross register tonnage of 6,939 tons and a net register tonnage of 5,492 tons. She was powered by a  triple expansion steam engine and fueled by two coal-fired Scotch marine boilers. She entered service on April 20, 1906. B.H. Jones had a sister ship named .

On October 26, 1924 B.H. Jones rammed the steamer E.A.S. Clarke in heavy fog in the Detroit River near the Great Lakes Engineering Works. E.A.S. Clarke sank almost immediately. There were no deaths. In 1937 B.H. Jones had her cargo hatches rebuilt with a hatch cover crane and  centers in Detroit, Michigan, she was also extended to  in length.

On October 23, 1941 B. H. Jones grounded off the east end of Belle Isle in the Detroit River. The tugboats America and Oregon arrived to assist her soon after the grounding. America got caught in the towline of Oregon, capsized and sank in five second into  of water. Six of Americas crew members died. In 1949 the Interstate Steamship Company's fleet merged with their parent company, the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Her career with Jones and Laughlin lasted only three years. On November 15, 1952 Jones and Laughlin's fleet was sold to the Wilson Transit Company of Cleveland, Ohio (she was re-registered to Wilmington, Delaware).

On August 21, 1955 B.H. Jones was seriously damaged in a collision with the larger steamer Cason J. Callaway, they collided because of heavy fog near Lime Island in the St. Mary's River. After an inspection she was declared a constructive total loss.  She was sold for scrap to the Duluth Iron & Metal Company and scrapped in Duluth, Minnesota. B.H. Joness pilot house, one-piece steel hatch covers and deck crane were transferred to the steamer Sparkman D. Foster.

See also
 
 American Ship Building Company
 Benjamin Franklin Jones (industrialist)
 James H. Laughlin

References

1905 ships
Ships built in Ecorse, Michigan
Great Lakes freighters
Steamships of the United States
Merchant ships of the United States
Maritime incidents in 1924
Maritime incidents in 1955
Ships powered by a triple expansion steam engine
Frank Kreith. Frank Kreith (15 December 1922 – 8 January 2018) was an American mechanical engineer.

Born in Vienna, Kreith fled Austria after the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938 as a member of the Kindertransport. He obtained degrees from the University of California, Berkeley (1945), the University of California, Los Angeles (1949) and the University of Paris (1965). Kreith worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, received a fellowship from the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation to study at Princeton University and taught at Berkeley and Lehigh University before becoming a faculty member at University of Colorado Boulder in 1959. He was head of the Solar Thermal Conversion research branch at the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) and subsequently served as the ASME Legislative Fellow at the National Conference of State Legislators, advising lawmakers on energy and environmental issues. Kreith published more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals, authored or edited 15 books (among them the seminal textbook Principles of Heat Transfer), and was the Journal of Solar Energy Engineering's editor-in-chief from 1980 to 1987.

Honors and awards
 1981 Worcester Reed Warner Medal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
 1985 Max Jakob Memorial Award, ASME and American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
 1988 Charles Greeley Abbot Award, American Solar Energy Society (ASES)
 1992 Ralph Coats Roe Medal, ASME
 1997 Washington Award, Western Society of Engineers
 1998 ASME Medal
 2001 Edwin F. Church Medal, ASME
 since 2006 Namesake of the Frank Kreith Energy Award, ASME
 2017 John Fritz Medal, American Association of Engineering Societies

References

1922 births
2018 deaths
American mechanical engineers
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
ASME Medal recipients
Austrian emigrants to the United States
John Fritz Medal recipients
University of Colorado Boulder faculty
Austrian Jews
Kindertransport refugees
Engineers from Vienna
Big Fence. Big Fence was a secret navigational aid for US Army Air Force sorties from North Africa and Italy during World War II, ultimately located at the Castel del Monte in Apulia. It was operated by the 6649th Navigational Aids Squadron of the 341st Signal Company, XV Fighter Command, 15th Army Air Force.

The 6649th supported missions critically reliant on fixing the position of aircraft.  Answering call sign "Big Fence", the central plotting room inside the castle triangulated information from seven direction finding installations, including the Castel headquarters.

From September 1943 until cessation of hostilities, the squadron received an estimated 16,000 calls for assistance from lost, damaged, and air-sea rescue craft.
 
 

 

 

Being a VHF system, Big Fence was particularly valuable to fighters, which only had VHF radios.  The bombardment groups could often rely on other navigational aids that were at their disposal, but only VHF remained effective in bad weather.

References

North African campaign
Italian campaign (World War II)
Air navigation
Khatib and Alami. Khatib & Alami (K&A) ( Arabic: خطيب وعلمي) is multidisciplinary urban and regional planning, architectural and engineering consulting company. It has been ranked 40 on ENR 2017 Top 225 International Design.

History 
K&A was established in February 1964 by the founders, Prof. Mounir Khatib and Dr. Zuheir Alami .

By 1980, K&A expanded to operate services in Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Bahrain, and Oman.

In 2017, Dr. Najib Khatib was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors. Under the leadership of Dr. Khatib, K&A marked several milestones in 2020, including an extension of its largest PMO project in KSA and the renewal of contracts with Aramco and KSA’s Ministry of Housing.

References 

Engineering consulting firms
Architecture in Lebanon
Privately held companies of Lebanon
Consulting firms established in 1964
Electric Ride E-Bird. The Electric Ride E-Bird is a German electric ultralight trike developed and produced by Electric Ride of Baierbrunn. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The E-Bird is an electric-powered development of the Aeros ANT. It was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, German 120 kg class and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules.

The aircraft design features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single electric motor in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface "topless" Aeros Combat wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is an electric motor rated at  for take-off and  continuous, powered by a 5.85 kWh battery. The maximum sound in flight is under 47 dB.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . Like the ANT it is based upon the E-Bird van be folded up and transported and carried in an automobile trunk.

Specifications (E-Bird)

References

External links

E-Bird
2010s German sport aircraft
2010s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Electric aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Alice Tredwell. Alice Tredwell (née Pickering; 1823 – 14 June 1867) was an English railway contractor and photographer. She is best known for the completion of the Bhor Ghat section of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway line between Mumbai and Pune in 1863.

Alice Pickering was born in Leek, Staffordshire, in 1823. She married Solomon Tredwell, a railway contractor, in Leeds in 1846. Awarded the construction of the Bhor Ghat section of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway, Alice and Solomon arrived in India in 1859. Solomon died of dysentery or cholera within a month.

Alice Tredwell took up the contract with a remarkable "degree of spirit and judgment", assigning the Railway's engineers Swainston Adamson and George Louis Clowser to manage the construction. The construction was completed by 1863.

Tredwell photographed much of the Bhor Ghat landscape and the development of the line.

Adamson and Clowser continued to work for Tredwell's company, extending the Peninsular railway towards Madras, constructing the section between Sholapur and Gulbarga.

Alice Tredwell returned to England in 1860. She had inherited £70,000 from her husband. Her only surviving daughter Alice Martha Elizabeth got married in 1866.

Tredwell died in Ryde on the Isle of Wight on 14 June 1867.

External links
 Alice Tredwell's Photographs, VADS

References 

1823 births
1867 deaths
People from Leek, Staffordshire
British railway civil engineers
British railway pioneers
Photographers from Staffordshire
Railway officers in British India
19th-century English businesspeople
Tin Kam Ho. Tin Kam Ho () is a computer scientist at IBM Research with contributions to machine learning, data mining, and classification. Ho is noted for introducing random decision forests in 1995, and for her pioneering work in ensemble learning and data complexity analysis.  She is an IEEE fellow and IAPR fellow.

Education 
Ho completed her undergraduate education at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1984.  She received a Ph.D. in computer science from State University of New York at Buffalo in 1992.

Career and research 
She led the Statistics and Learning Research Department of Bell Labs at Murray Hill, NJ. In 1995, she published the article Random decision forests, which became the foundation of the random forest method commonly used by later data scientists.

Ho also pioneered research in multiple classifier systems, ensemble learning, and data complexity analysis, and pursued applications of automatic learning in reading systems and many areas of science and engineering. She also led major efforts on modeling and monitoring large-scale optical transmission systems. Later she worked on wireless geo-location, video surveillance, smart grid data mining, user profiling, customer experience modeling, and analysis of diagnostic processes.

Since 2014, Ho has been a research scientist in artificial intelligence at IBM.  She worked on semantic analysis in natural language processing, contributing to machine learning, data mining, and classification methods at IBM Watson and Watson Health.  Thereafter she turned to generative AI applications at IBM Research.

Awards and recognition 
Her contributions were recognized by a Bell Labs President's Gold Award and two Bell Labs Teamwork Awards, a Young Scientist Award from ICDAR in 1999, the 2008 Pierre Devijver Award for Statistical Pattern Recognition, and the 2024 K.S. Fu prize from  IAPR .  She served as Editor-in-chief of the journal Pattern Recognition Letters in 2004-2010, and in earlier years as Associate Editor for PAMI, Pattern Recognition, Editor for Int. J. on Document Analysis and Recognition, as well as guest editors for other publications.

Ho was elected an IEEE fellow in 2006, and is also an IAPR fellow.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Hong Kong emigrants to the United States
Living people
Chinese computer scientists
Women in optics
Chinese women computer scientists
Alumni of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Biomaterials Science. Biomaterials Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that explores the underlying science behind the function, interactions and design of biomaterials. It is published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. The current editor-in-chief is Jianjun Cheng (Westlake University, China), while the executive editor is Maria Southall.

The journal was established in 2013 and since January 2018 has been the official journal of the European Society for Biomaterials. Since the start of 2016 the journal has been online only. It publishes primary research (Communications and full paper articles) and review-type articles (reviews and minireviews).

Abstracting and indexing 

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
 Science Citation Index
 Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
 Scopus

See also 
 List of scientific journals in chemistry
 Journal of Materials Chemistry B
 MedChemComm

References

External links 
 

Materials science journals
Royal Society of Chemistry academic journals
Biochemistry journals
Academic journals established in 2013
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Caproni-Reggiane Ca.8000. The Caproni-Reggiane Ca.8000 was a four-engine seaplane passenger transport aircraft project for transatlantic crossings.

History 
The project started in 1944, imagining the post-war commercial scenario. The project was started in the Reggiane technical office at that time in Clanezzo, Bergamo. The feasibility studies were carried out by the designers until the end of the conflict, so for business strategies any aeronautical industrial project was abandoned and with it also the development of the Ca.8000 that was at an advanced development point. In fact, the construction of two first prototypes was scheduled for the summer of 1946.

Development 

The Ca.8000 was to have been of entirely metallic construction, with fuel tanks in watertight wings. Designed to offer luxurious accommodation, the fuselage was divided in two decks, with beds in sleeping compartments and seats for 52 passengers; whilst for day flights the cabins sat 76, with ten crew members. Facilities on-board included a restaurant, bar and meeting room, .
The Ca.8000 was designed with four  Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major engines, high-wing with retractable wing floats, and a triple vertical stabilizer.

References

Bibliography

Reggiane aircraft
Caproni aircraft
Cancelled aircraft projects
Flying boats
Four-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft