omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
International Rhine Regulation Railway. The International Rhine Regulation Railway () was an industrial railway situated on both banks of the Alpine Rhine canal to the south of its outfall into Lake Constance. As this stretch of the River Rhine forms the border between Austria and Switzerland, the railway is located in both countries (further north the border follows westwards along the Alter Rhein). Large parts of the system have been preserved, and part of the tracks are used as heritage railway.

Infrastructure
The railway opened in 1892. It is constructed to 750 mm gauge ( gauge) and is partially electrified at 750 V DC using overhead lines. As its name suggests, the railway's original purpose was to assist in the engineering works needed to regulate the Rhine in this area - the so-called Rhine Regulation. Rocks from nearby quarries were used to build and reinforce the levees along the river (today, transportation of rocks to the levees is done using trucks).

Current use
In 2006, the then  long line was closed for industrial use. Some of the tracks, mainly on the left bank of the river, have been subsequently removed, including the bridge at Kriessern in 2020. However, most of the line remains. Part of the tracks were converted to a heritage railway. Since 2008, operations on the line between Lustenau (where a small platform was built) and the river outflow are done by the Verein Rheinschauen (), which also conducts maintenance work on the line. Diesel-electric locomotives push-pulling passenger coaches operate on weekends during the warmer seasons.

Gallery

See also
List of heritage railways and funiculars in Switzerland

References

External links 
 
 Rhein-Shauen; Museum und Rheinbänle - the society that preserves the railway

750 mm gauge railways in Austria
750 mm gauge railways in Switzerland
Heritage railways in Austria
Closed railway lines in Switzerland
Cross-border railway lines in Austria
Cross-border railway lines in Switzerland
Railway lines in Austria
Railway lines in Switzerland
Transport in Vorarlberg
750 V DC railway electrification
Genomatica. Genomatica is a San Diego–based biotechnology company that develops and licenses biological manufacturing processes for the production of intermediate and basic chemicals. Genomatica’s process technology for the chemical 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) is now commercial. Genomatica produced 5 million pounds of renewable BDO in five weeks at a DuPont Tate & Lyle plant in Tennessee. Its GENO BDO process has been licensed by BASF and by Novamont.

History 
Genomatica was founded in San Diego in 1998 by Christophe Schilling and Bernhard Palsson. Schilling's goal was to use biotechnology to make more sustainable choices in manufacturing. In 2021, Lululemon partnered with Genomatica to create a plant-based nylon material, which was launched in 2023.

In 2023, L'Oréal along with Unilever and Kao Corporation invested in Genomatica. The investment will go toward developing plant-based personal care and cosmetics products.

References 

Biotechnology companies of the United States
Rock shed. A rock shed is a civil engineering structure used in mountainous areas where rock slides and land slides create highway closure problems. A rock shed is built over a roadway that is in the path of the slide.  They are equally used to protect railroads.  They are usually designed as a heavy reinforced concrete covering over the road, protecting the surface and vehicles from damage due to the falling rocks with a sloping surface to deflect slip material beyond the road, however an alternative is to include an impact-absorbing layer above the ceiling. A further use of this type of structure may be seen protecting the A4 road; although constructed primarily to alleviate risk from falling rocks from a limestone seam it also serves to protect against objects or persons falling from the Clifton Suspension Bridge where the height differential of approximately 70 metres from the bridge to the bottom of the Avon Gorge would give sufficient kinetic energy to even a relatively small item to cause injury on impact.

Examples of rock sheds

 A4 road where it passes under the Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol, England, constructed in 1980
 California State Route 1 at Pitkins Curve, just north of Limekiln State Park, constructed in 2014
 Ferguson Rock Shed, to rectify a closure of California State Route 140 by a landslide in 2006, completion expected in the mid-2020s

External links

See also
Avalanche dam
Rock shelter
Snow shed

References

Civil engineering
Infrastructure
Hydronalium. Hydronalium is a family of aluminium-magnesium alloys. It is an alloy predominantly of aluminium, with between 1%-12% of magnesium as the primary alloying ingredient. It also includes a secondary addition of manganese, usually between 0.4%-1%.

The Hydronalium alloys originated in Germany in the 1930s and are best known, at least by that name, in Eastern Europe. They were widely used for shipbuilding in Poland.

There are many alloys within this family, one standard reference listing over twenty.

Applications 
The alloy family is noted for its resistance to seawater corrosion. As such it is used in sheet form for boatbuilding and light shipbuilding. As castings it is used for marine fittings. The reliable strength of some grades is sufficient for aerospace use and so they are used for wetted components of seaplane aircraft, such as floats and propellers, where marine corrosion resistance is also needed.

Some variants of the alloy are ductile enough to be drawn into wire. This, combined with their resistance to corrosion by salty sweat, has led to an application for violin strings as an alternative to silver.

See also 
 5083 aluminium alloy

References 

Aluminium–magnesium alloys
Aluminium alloys
AC 91-57. AC 91–57() is an FAA Advisory Circular (AC) (Subject: Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of Unmanned Aircraft ) that provides interim safety guidance to individuals operating unmanned aircraft, commonly known as drones, but inclusive of flying model aircraft, for recreational purposes in the National Airspace System of the United States.

Summary

In 1981, in recognition of the safety issues raised by the recreational operation of RC model aircraft, the FAA published this brief AC, then entitled Model Aircraft Operating Standards, for the purpose of providing guidance to persons interested in flying drones and model aircraft as a hobby or for recreational use. This guidance conveys FAA expectation of good judgment on the part of unmanned aircraft operators so that persons on the ground or other aircraft in flight will not be endangered. The AC contains among other things, guidance for site selection. Users are advised to avoid noise sensitive areas such as parks, schools, hospitals, and churches. Hobbyists are advised not to fly in the vicinity of spectators until they are confident that the model aircraft has been flight tested and proven airworthy. Model aircraft should be flown below 400 feet above the surface to avoid other aircraft in flight. The FAA expects that hobbyists will operate these recreational model aircraft within visual line-of-sight.

Non-applicability to commercial operations
Some commercial operators of unmanned aircraft systems have mistakenly used this AC as a basis for commercial flight operations. However, under FAA policy, AC 91–57 only applies to modelers, and thus specifically excludes its use by persons or companies for business purposes.

References

External links
 49 USC 44809:  
 "FAA AC 91–57C" (PDF). Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of Unmanned Aircraft (October 20, 2022) 
  Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of Unmanned Aircraft
  Model Aircraft Operating Standards
 Regulations & Policies on the FAA website

Aviation in the United States
Federal Aviation Administration
Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles
Model aircraft
Magnetic positioning. Magnetic positioning is an IPS (Indoor positioning system) solution that takes advantage of the magnetic field anomalies typical of indoor settings by using them as distinctive place recognition signatures. The first citation of positioning based on magnetic anomaly can be traced back to military applications in 1970. The use of magnetic field anomalies for indoor positioning was first claimed in 1999, with later publications related to robotics in the early 2000s.

Most recent applications can employ magnetic sensor data from a smartphone used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside a building.

According to Opus Research magnetic positioning will emerge as a “foundational” indoor location technology.

Companies

GiPStech 
Independent research brought in 2011 a team of researchers to focus on anomalies to the geomagnetic field as a possible naturally available field to be used for localization of consumer electronic devices.

After some years of research and tests they were able to implement an indoor localization platform that, based on the fingerprinting of a building geomagnetic field and of advanced sensor fusion, was able to precisely locate a device and its user without any infrastructure. Moreover, the platform was also able to compensate most of known issues of local magnetic field variability. 

In 2014 the team founded GiPStech - as academic spin-off of Università della Calabria - to complete the R&D and commercialize the platform.

Indoor Atlas 
Professor Janne Haverinen and Anssi Kemppainen worked also on the magnetic approach. Noticing that buildings' magnetic distortions were leading machines astray, they eventually turned the problem around and focused attention on the magnetic interferences caused by steel structures. What they found was that the disturbances inside them were consistent, creating a magnetic fingerprint unique to a building.

Professor Janne Haverinen founded the company IndoorAtlas in 2012 to commercialize the magnetic positioning solution with dual headquarters in Mountain View, CA and Oulu, Finland.

Issues

The local magnetic field is affected by moving metal objects like lifts or metal cabinets.

References

Indoor positioning system
Challenger (Long Beach fireboat). The Challenger is a fireboat built for the Long Beach California Fire Department.
She and her sister ship the Liberty were commissioned in 1987.
They replaced two older vessels.
Within a year both vessels developed serious corrosion problems, due to poor  choice of alloys, and the joints between different metals.

The Los Angeles Times reported that the vice president of Moss Point Marine,
Vince Almerico, said "If the port wanted entirely rust-free vessels it could have specified use of stainless steel for everything at a much higher cost."

The vessels were 88 feet long, and their five water cannons were capable of pumping water or foam at 10,000 gallons per minute.

The two vessels cost $2.2 million each, in 1987 dollars, and, by September 1988 the Long Beach Harbor Commission had to allocate an addition $883,000 to repair the construction problems.

The Challenger and the Liberty were delivered in a red livery with black trim, while the two older fireboats they replaced were grey.
The maintenance problems had such a serious effect on crew morale that the Los Angeles Times reported crew members had put up a sign, saying, the city should sell the red ones and keep the grey ones.

The Challenger and the Liberty are scheduled to be replaced by more modern fireboats in 2014.

See also
 Fireboats of Long Beach, California
 Fireboat 20

References

Fireboats of California
1987 ships
Network Definition Language. NDL (Network Definition Language) was a compiler on Burroughs Large and Medium Systems computers used to create a network definition file for a data communications controller (DCC) and object code for a data communications processor (DCP) that interfaced between a message control program (written in DCALGOL) such as (RJE), (MCSII) or (CANDE) and the computer's line adaptors and terminal network.

Burroughs Network Definition Language allowed many parameters of the mainframe communications adapter, modems (where used), protocol and attached terminal to be defined. However it treated the low-level operation of the multi-drop protocol, including the modulus of sequence numbers and the algorithm used for CRCs etc. as primitives.

References

External links 
 NDL Language Reference Manual 

Burroughs mainframe computers
Hardware_description_languages
Mainframe computer software
Sri Sairam Institute of Technology. Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology (SSIT) is an engineering institution located in the suburbs of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

History
Sairam) has extended its branches in many fields. One among them is Sri Sairam Institute of Technology. 
Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai, established in the year 2008 by jambulingam, Chairman of Sapthagiri Educational Trust, is non-profitable, and non-minority institution. The College is functioning at Sai Leo Nagar.

The college is affiliated to Anna University and also approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

Course Offered

 Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
 Computer and Communication Engineering
 Computer Science Engineering
 Cyber Security (CSE)
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Information Technology
 Mechanical Engineering

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked the university between 201-300 in the engineering rankings in 2024.

Campus locality

The college is situated in a constructed area of 83.050 sq.m. at Sai Leo Nagar, West Tambaram Chennai, with facilities with regard to Classrooms, Workshops, Drawing Halls, Laboratories, Library, Auditorium, Audio Visual (A/C) Hall, Seminar Halls, Canteen & Sports complex. The college also has its own perennial water resources to cater to its various needs.

Infrastructure

Central and Departmental Libraries
National and International journals
Supplementary digital resources (CD-ROMs and audio cassettes)
Computer labs
No  WiFi Zone
Auditorium without air conditioning facility
Outdoor facilities
Athletic track
Cricket pitch
Basketball courts
Volleyball courts
Football fields
Dining Halls
Special Dining Hall is Available for VIPs.
Lunch Provided for students
Transportation
Fleet of 200 buses plying most of the routes in Chennai city

Courses offered

Sairam currently offers undergraduate degrees in engineering in the following specializations.
 B.E. Mechanical Engineering
 B.E. Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
 B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
 B.Tech. Information Technology
 B.E. Civil Engineering

postgraduate degrees in
MBA
M.E Industrial Safety Engineering

References

Chapters

IEEE Students chapter was established in the year 2013. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to  students of the community.
ISTE chapter was established in the year 2013. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to  staff community.
CSI Students chapter was established in the year 2010. Providing Tech Meets and Industrial Visits to  students of the community.

Engineering colleges in Chennai
Scream Machine (Adlabs Imagica). Scream Machine is a Rotating Swivel at the Adlabs Imagica amusement park located in Khopoli, Mumbai, India. Manufactured by Zamperla s.p.a., motorised rotation of the swing system takes place at max tangential and revolving speed of 28.6 m/s and 8 rpm respectively. It rises to steep angles of 120 degrees and achieves a height of 148 feet above ground level.

Characteristics
This ride operates on a rotating pendulum which first gathers momentum by spinning, and then slowly starts to swing. This machine rotates and goes up at an angle of 70 degrees and climbs to a height of 142 ft.

Ride

The ride is a kind of motorized swing with a rotating swivel joint. The swivel is made of an octagon shaped rotation centre with 8 arms that are flanged to it. Between the 8 arms there are 8 groups of seats, and each group of seats contains 5 seats, for a total of 40 places. Each passenger is seated in his own seat and a safety bar restrain his shoulders and chest area.

References

External links
 Zamperla Official website
 Adlabs Imagica: Inside India’s First Disney-Style Theme Park
 It's Time to Unwind with Adlabs Imagica This Summer
 Adlabs Imagica: Will it be a Roller Coaster for Manmohan Shetty?

Pendulum rides
Amusement rides introduced in 2013
Zamperla
Amusement rides manufactured by Zamperla
Tourist attractions in Maharashtra
Volodymyr Makukha. Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Makukha (; born 7 June 1955, Yaroslavl, Russia) is a Ukrainian politician and diplomat. Minister of Economy of Ukraine in the second Yanukovych government from 4 August 2006 to 21 March 2007. In 2006 he was the Ambassador of Ukraine in Japan.

Education 
In 1977 he graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University with a degree in mathematics. From September 1977 to November 1980, engineer of the Scientific and Production Association "Energy". He graduated from the graduate school of the Kyiv Institute of National Economy (1980-1984), candidate of economic sciences.

Professional career 
From May 1984 to December 1991 he was the head of the sector of the Ukrainian branch of the All-Union Research Institute of Consumer Cooperation. From January 1992 to October 1996, he was the head of the department of the Research Institute of Social and Economic Problems of Kyiv. Improving his qualifications, he participated in internship programs of the National Forum Foundation (Washington, USA, 1993), Harvard University (United States, 1994), New York University (USA, 1995), Georgetown University (USA, 1996), as well as short-term internship programs in Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain.

From October 1996 to February 2000, Deputy Head of Department of the National Agency of Ukraine for Development and European Integration. From February 2000 to June 2000, Deputy Head of Department of the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine.

June 2000 - October 2003 - First Secretary, Economic Advisor, Embassy of Ukraine in the United States. October 2003 - July 2004 - Head of the Department of Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. July 2004 - May 2006 - Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. Curator of the Economic Department, 5th Territorial Administration (Middle East and Africa), later the Development Department of the Diplomatic Service and the Monetary and Financial Department. Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Envoy of the 1st class (January 2005).

May 2006 - August 2006 - Ambassador of Ukraine to Japan.

August 4, 2006 - March 21, 2007 - Minister of Economy of Ukraine. Member of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (September 2006 - February 2007). June 20, 2007 appointed to the post of Deputy Minister of Fuel and Energy of Ukraine. 1st rank civil servant (October 2007).

The author of several dozen scientific papers on international economics, foreign investment, and municipal development.

References

External links 
 Biography

1955 births
Living people
People from Yaroslavl
Economy ministers of Ukraine
Ambassadors of Ukraine to Japan
Moscow State University alumni
21st-century Ukrainian politicians
21st-century diplomats
Deputy foreign ministers of Ukraine
Mahalakshmi Engineering College. Mahalakshmi Engineering College is an engineering college in Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is affiliated with Anna University, Chennai and has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.

It is situated 9 km from Srirangam Railway station.

History
Mahalakshmi Engineering College is a Group of Mahalakshmi Education Trust. The College Founded in 2011 by R.Ravi and M.Anantharaman.

Courses
B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering
B.E. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
B.E. Computer Science and Engineering
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
B.E. Civil Engineering
B.E. Applied Science & Humanities

References

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Universities and colleges in Tiruchirappalli
Educational institutions established in 2011
2011 establishments in Tamil Nadu
IBM 4020 Military Computer. The IBM 4020 Military Computer was a Cold War era military computer. Two of them were used in the two IBM AN/FSQ-31 SAC Data Processing Systems.

Details:
 Instruction rate : Up to 400,000 instructions per second
 Cycle time : 2.5 microseconds
 Word size : 48 bits + 2 parity bits
 Core storage : up to 131,072 words
 operates in parallel mode
 69 instructions
 single address instructions
 Add or subtract : 2.5 microseconds (fixed point)
 Add or subtract :  (floating point)
 Multiply : average 24 μs (24 bit precision fixed point)
 Multiply :  (floating point)
 Multiprocessing with Automatic Priority

The instruction format includes:
 7 bit op code
 2 bit real data indicator
 3 bit byte displacement 
 3 bit mode selector
 1 sign bit
 8 bit 'byte activity'
 1 bit Double index flag
 1 bit Indirect address flag
 4 bit index register selection
 18 bit address.

Man-machine communications included a light-gun to indicate an area of interest on a visual display unit.

Circuit logic packaging was based on 7 types of Q-pacs each holding 1 to 4 circuits. Transistors and semiconductor diodes were soldered to the outside of the Q-pac encapsulation for ease of cooling and replacement.

References

Computer systems of the United States Air Force
IBM transistorized computers
48-bit computers
François Baccelli. François Louis Baccelli (born December 20, 1954) is senior researcher at INRIA Paris, in charge of the ERC project NEMO on network mathematics.

Education and career
Baccelli obtained his PhD at the University of Paris-Sud in 1983 under the supervision of Erol Gelenbe. Between 1991 and 2003, he was a faculty member at the applied mathematics department at École polytechnique. He was Simons Chair in mathematics and electrical and computer engineering at University of Texas at Austin between 2012 and 2021. Between 2012 and 2019, he was the head of the Simons Center on Communication, Information and Network Mathematics.

Research
Baccelli's research is at the interface between mathematics (probability theory, stochastic geometry, dynamical systems) and communications (information theory, wireless networks, network science).
 His work with P. Brémaud on the stationary-ergodic framework for queuing networks  represents  such networks as functionals of point processes on the real line. This led to mathematical tools which are now commonly used in applied probability and in the communication network literature.
 Jointly with G. Cohen, J.P. Quadrat and G.J. Olsder, he contributed to the development of an algebraic theory for the dynamics of networks, the so-called (max, plus) algebra. This impacted several fields of engineering (network calculus) and mathematics (tropical geometry).
 He is best known for contributions to stochastic geometry. His results on the Poisson-Voronoi model, the Poisson-Shannon model, and the Poisson-Voronoi-Shannon model  laid the foundations of the representation of communication networks as functional of point processes in the Euclidean space. This led to wireless stochastic geometry, initially developed with B. Blaszczyszyn, which is now commonly used in the communication network literature.
 His current research interests are in stochastic geometry in high dimension, in the theory of stationary point processes, and in the mathematics of unimodular random graphs.

Honors and awards
Baccelli is a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was inducted in 2005. He was awarded a Math+X chair by the Simons Foundation in 2012. He received an honorary doctorate of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, in 2016, the ACM Sigmetrics Achievement Award, in 2014, and the Grand Prix France Telecom, of the French Academy of Sciences in 2002. In 2014, he was awarded both the Stephen O. Rice Prize and the 2014 Leonard G. Abraham Prize by the IEEE Communications Society.

References

1954 births
Living people
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Academic staff of École Polytechnique
University of Paris alumni
French electrical engineers
French mathematicians