omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carmier-Simplex 10 hp. The Carmier Simplex 10 hp was a French tailless, low power, single seat aircraft built in 1923 for a contest arranged by a Paris newspaper. Only one is known to have been completed and its career was brief.

Design and development

Before World War I René Arnoux designed and built a series of about five tailless aircraft, all but the first being rectangular plan monoplanes with vertical surfaces. None was successful. In the early 1920s he continued to explore this layout, though with a changed planform, with a company he had founded that had Pierre Carmier as chair and principal designer called La socièté à "L'avion Simplex". There were at least two tailless monoplanes, one built for the 1922 Coupe Deutsch with a  Hispano-Suiza V-8 engine and another with a  Sergant A inline.  The latter was designed to compete in a contest for low power aircraft, organised by the Petit Parisien newspaper. Both have been described with permutations of the names Arnoux, Carmier and Simplex without distinguishing between the types.

The 10 hp Carmier-Simplex was a cantilever monoplane with a thick wing which thinned outwards and was rectilinear in plan, with a leading edge swept at 20°, an unswept trailing edge and squared-off tips. Conventional ailerons filled the outer two-thirds of the trailing edge and the inner part was occupied by broad chord, elevator-like surfaces with a rudder cut-out. The Simplex had a fuselage not much deeper that the wing roots, with the engine in the nose and a single open cockpit at about two-thirds of the root chord.  A conventional triangular fin ran from the cockpit to the trailing edge, where the fuselage ended, carrying a straight-edged rudder which extended down to the keel.

Its fixed undercarriage was conventional with a pair of mainwheels on an axle mounted on pairs of V-struts, the forward, vertical members were fixed to the wings and the rearward drag struts to the wing roots. A tailskid shock absorber was attached to an extension of the rudder post.

Operational history

The Simplex-10 hp's career was brief, for although it began the initial trials of the Petit Parisien'''s contest in July 1923, piloted by Geogel, it suffered from engine problems and failed to qualify.

In May 1923, well before the Petit Parisien event, two Simplex aircraft had been accepted for the Second Experimental Congress to be held in August 1923. Their identities are uncertain but the wing spans and area were the same as those of the Simplex-10 hp. Both had lengths of , notably greater than the  Petit Parisien'' machine; one was powered by a  Anzani engine and the other by an  Sergant. Their pilots were to be Geogel and Carmier. However, there is no mention of them in the French journals's reports of the event in late August.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

Tailless aircraft
1920s French sport aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1923
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Wu Qidi. Wu Qidi (; born August 1947) is a Chinese politician and engineer. She is the president of the Shanghai Overseas Returned Scholars Association.

Education
Wu completed her undergraduate degree in radio engineering at Tsinghua University in 1970. She worked as a technician in a factory making equipment for the Yunnan Central Office for telecommunications until 1975, when she moved to Beijing to become a technician in the China Electronics Standardization Institute.

In 1978, Wu resumed her studies as a master's student Tsinghua University, researching precision instruments and working as an assistant engineer. From 1981 to 1986, Wu studied for a PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.

Career
From 1986 to 1989, Wu worked as a lecturer at Tongji University before becoming an assistant professor, then a professor. In 1993, she was made vice-president of Tongji University, before becoming president in 1995. During Wu's presidency, the number of students at Tongji increased from 27,000 to 56,000 and the funds available for research increased three-fold.

In 2002, Wu was an alternate member of the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

In 2003, Wu was made Vice-minister of Education, in addition to becoming a Vice-chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation.

Honors and awards
Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1999).
Henry Fok Scholarship Award from MOE for Young Teachers (1988)

References

Living people
1947 births
21st-century Chinese women engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Zhejiang
Chinese women in politics
Educators from Wenzhou
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Tsinghua University alumni
ETH Zurich alumni
People's Republic of China politicians from Zhejiang
Politicians from Wenzhou
Academic staff of Tongji University
Engineers from Zhejiang
20th-century Chinese engineers
20th-century women engineers
21st-century women engineers
All-China Women's Federation people
Optimization Systems Associates. Optimization Systems Associates (OSA) was founded by John Bandler in 1983.  OSA produced the first commercial implementation of space mapping optimization to enhance the speed and accuracy of engineering design. OSA’s primary thrust was in computer-aided design (CAD) and simulation and optimization of radio-frequency and microwave circuits and systems. Its products included developments of Bandler's space mapping concept and methodology, which facilitates effective modeling and design optimization of computationally intensive engineering systems.

History
Bandler founded OSA in 1983 to commercialize optimization methodology and algorithms which he and his colleagues had developed. OSA's first major project was the reengineering of key software for simulation and optimization of waveguide multiplexers for satellite communications under contract to COM DEV International.

In the 1980s OSA contributed optimization methodology and algorithms to EEsof’s early microwave CAD software Touchstone and Libra, and then reengineered Compact Software’s principal software products SuperCompact and Microwave Harmonica.

OSA implemented a yield-driven CAD and optimization capability for Raytheon Research Division in 1985. OSA was then subcontracted by Compact Software Inc. as part of the Raytheon/Texas Instruments Joint Venture MIMIC Program within the U.S. Department of Defense. Intended contributions included optimal design centering, enhanced circuit optimization with tolerances, and enhanced wafer/chip yield in a CAE environment.

When Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) acquired OSA in 1997, the company became part of HP EEsof.

Other users of OSA's technology included Siemens, Hughes Aircraft, TRW, Raytheon, Texas Instruments and British Telecom.

Products
OSA introduced the software product RoMPE in 1988. Subsequent software products included HarPE, which was introduced in 1989, OSA90 and OSA90/hope in 1991, Empipe in 1992, Empipe3D and EmpipeExpress 1996. OSA created "empath" in 1996, which was marketed by Sonnet Software, Inc.

OSA's new Geometry Capture technique allowed it to link its software directly to the premier electromagnetic simulators marketed by HP (now Keysight and PathWave Design), Ansoft (now Ansys) and Sonnet Software. The Empipe family became the framework for HFSS Designer and Momentum Optimization after HP acquired OSA.

OSA products which have been used by engineers during the implementation of design optimization include OSA90, OSA90/hope  and Empipe.

Technical details of OSA's product line in 1996 are available.

References

External links
Osacad.com The homepage for Optimization Systems Associates, archived in 1996 by The Wayback Machine.
Executive product summaries of Optimization Systems Associates, archived in 1997 by the Wayback Machine.
Simulation Optimization Systems Research Laboratory
Bandler Corporation
Sonnet Software
Optimization Systems Associates

Software companies established in 1983
Software companies disestablished in 1997
Electronic design automation companies
Hewlett-Packard acquisitions
Defunct software companies of the United States
Panos M. Pardalos. Panos M. Pardalos is a Greek scientist and engineer, currently a Distinguished Professor and the Paul and Heidi Brown Preeminent Professor in Industrial and Systems Engineering at University of Florida.

He was elected to the 2006 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Greek emigrants to the United States
University of Florida faculty
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Atlantic Gateway (Virginia). The Atlantic Gateway is a planned infrastructure improvement project in Virginia that will expand transportation routes leading into Washington, D.C. from Virginia.  It includes road and rail components, and construction is planned to take place through the end of the 2010s and into the early 2020s.

Funding
The budget for the entire project is estimated at $1.4 billion, and is funded by a mix of federal, state, and private sources. $710 million comes from the state's transportation budget, while rail operator CSX Transportation and toll road operator Transurban will jointly contribute $565 million and the federal government, through its FASTLANE program, issued a $165 million grant.

Road improvements
Tolled high occupancy lanes on Interstate 395 will be extended about  north from their current terminus just inside the Washington Beltway to the Pentagon, while similar lanes on Interstate 95 will be extended about  south into Fredericksburg. I-95's crossing of the Rappahannock River will also see additional capacity added. The I-395 work is scheduled to be completed in 2019, while I-95 construction will continue into 2020.

Rail improvements
Two sections of additional mainline trackage will be added to the CSX line running south through Virginia.  A  fourth track will be built from Long Bridge, which crosses the Potomac, south to Alexandria, and an  third track will be built between the Franconia–Springfield station and Occoquan River crossing.  CSX will transfer an abandoned right-of-way between Petersburg and the North Carolina border, a critical link in the planned Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, to the state of Virginia.  Early design and engineering work of a replaced or rebuilt Long Bridge to increase rail capacity out of Washington will also take place, through actual construction remains unfunded. Most rail construction is to take until 2020, though some minor improvements to the corridor will be completed sooner.

References

Transportation in Fredericksburg, Virginia
Transportation in Stafford County, Virginia
Transportation in Fairfax County, Virginia
Donald J. Walker. Donald J. Walker  is a Canadian automotive executive and former chief executive officer of Magna International Inc., a Canadian global automotive supplier. He has worked in the automotive industry since 1980.  In 2017, he was listed as the second highest-paid CEO in Canada.

Early life and education 
Walker grew up in Toronto, Ontario, and attended the University of Waterloo's mechanical engineering program, which he graduated in 1980.

Career 
Walker began his career in the automotive industry working for General Motors. From 1980 to 1987, he held various engineering and manufacturing positions at the company. In 1987, wanting to start his own automotive company, he met with Frank Stronach, founder of Magna International, to see if he would be interested in establishing a joint venture. After several meetings, Stronach offered Walker a position at Magna, which he accepted.

Magna International 

In 1987, Walker moved from General Motors to work at Magna International. He began at Magna working on various engineering and joint venture projects, and served as Executive Vice President of Operations for the company in 1990 when it was facing a company debt crisis.

In 1994, Walker became chief executive officer of Magna, a position he held until 2001.

In 2001, he moved to Intier Automotive, a former unit and majority owned by Magna, to lead Intier as its president and chief executive officer. In 2005, Walker returned to Magna to serve as the company's co-chief executive officer. In 2010, he became sole CEO of Magna.

Walker's fixed and variable salary, including share options, in 2016, was $20.8 million, after $21.2 million in 2015.

In October 2020, it was announced that Walker would retire at the end of 2020, with Seetarama Kotagiri succeeding him in 2021.

Recognition 
In 2014, The Globe and Mail listed Walker as Outstanding CEO of the Year. He was also included on Fortunes 2015 "Business Person of the Year" list  and in the Globe and Mails 1996 "Top 40 Under 40" list.  In 2017, the Toronto Star included him on their list of "key players to watch in 2017".

Personal life 
In 2000, Walker married Joan Weisshaar, now Joan Kelley Walker. They have two children together.  Walker also has two children from his previous marriage to Belinda Stronach, including musician Frank Walker.

References 

Canadian chief executives
Magna International
University of Waterloo alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Open edX. The Open edX platform is the open-source software, originally developed by Piotr Mitros, whose development led to the creation of the edX organization. On June 1, 2013, edX open sourced the platform, naming it Open edX to distinguish it from the organization itself. The source code can be found on GitHub. Maintenance was transferred to edX, an MIT/Harvard education initiative, in 2012.

When edX was acquired in 2021 by 2U, the Open edX team and maintenance were transferred to the Center for Reimagining Learning (tCRIL), a nonprofit founded by Harvard and MIT with the proceeds from the acquisition. In 2023, the nonprofit was renamed the Axim Collaborative.

Uses 
Open edX was designed for the MITx project, which was renamed to the edX project and made into a separate 501(c)3 after Harvard joined. This remains the largest global installation as of 2022, with over 3000 courses and 500,000 regular users. The Open edX community maintains a catalog of other installations, including fully-hosted learning sites open to public courses and 350 other instances run by organizations of all sizes.

An Open edX marketplace also features partners that provide various services to community members running their own instances in multiple languages.

Software 

The platform has been released one to two times a year since 2013.  Each release is named after a tree, honoring the tree of knowledge.

The Open edX server-side software is based on Python, with Django as the web application framework.

Community 
Platform design and development have been co-designed with its community from early in the project's history.  The community maintains several working groups focused on marketing, build-test-release cycles, translation, data design, front-end design, and code deprecation.

The community hosts an annual Open edX Conference, which rotates worldwide each year. In 2022 it was held in Portugal.

References

External links 
 Open edX Conference site
 Documentation site for the platform

Free educational software
Free learning management systems
Free learning support software
Learning management systems
Free content management systems
Virtual learning environments
Classroom management software
Duran (glass). DURAN is a brand name for the internationally defined borosilicate glass 3.3 (DIN ISO 3585) produced by the German company DURAN Group GmbH since 2005 under license from the Schott AG, which was the first to develop it, and which sold it from 1893 until the equity carve-out of the DURAN Group in 2005. Because of its high resistance to heat and temperature changes, as well as its high mechanical strength and low coefficient of thermal expansion, DURAN, which Pyrex from Corning is similar to, is not only used for laboratory devices (e.g. components of chemical devices, beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, etc.) but also in cathode-ray tubes, transmitting tubes, and speculums.

This glass was developed by Otto Schott in 1887. In 1938 the brand DURAN was subscribed at the Reichspatentamt and registered in 1943.

Milestones

1887: Otto Schott invented the glass  

1943: The brand was registered  for patent under the trade name DURAN

1950: DURAN borosilicate glass tubing became and has remained the standard material in the production of laboratory glass items

2011: SCHOTT Tubing in Mitterteich, Germany, was the first to produce DURAN tubing with a length of 10 meters, making it the longest industrially produced glass tube

2015: SCHOTT in Mitterteich set a world record by manufacturing DURAN tubing with an outside diameter of 460 mm, the largest ever industrially produced glass tubing

2017: DURAN Group is now DWK Life Sciences.

Properties 
 High chemical resistance
 Outstanding transmission properties 
 High thermal capacity and resistance to thermal shock
 Strong electrical insulator 
 transparency in the visible and infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum
 High resistance to scratches
 Easily cleaned smooth surface

Applications
 Laboratory devices
 Product presentation
 Giftware
 Explosion proof lighting 
 Interior design
 Sprinkler fuses
 Photobioreactors for ideal algae growth 
 Heat exchangers 
 Sight glasses 
 Ventilation systems 
 Glass Kettles
 Water Pipes
 
Duran is currently available in hollow glass products. It is either formed by a molding process  into final glass products like Erlenmeyer flasks or drawn as a tube by SCHOTT Tubing. Such tubes are typically a semi-finished product for further processing, which provide higher precision in its cylindrical geometry and better optical clarity than molded hollow glassware.

References

External links 
 Duran-Group.com
 Laboratory Glassware

German brands
Glass trademarks and brands
Mary Galvin (American academic). Mary E. Galvin is an American scientist and the former Dean of the University of Notre Dame College of Science.

Education 
She earned her BA in chemistry at Manhattanville College and her MSc and PhD degrees in polymers and materials science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Career and Research 
Galvin worked at Bell Laboratories following the completion of her doctorate work until 1998, when she joined the faculty at the University of Delaware. In 2005, Galvin entered the private sector as a technical lead in new technology development at Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. In 2013, she became the director of the Materials Science division at the National Science Foundation, and then in 2015 began as the dean of the Notre Dame College of Science.

Awards 

 Fellow of the American Physical Society - 1999
 Elected fellow of the Materials Research Society. 
 Served on the board of directors for the Materials Research Society. - 2008 to 2009
 Served on the Advisory Council for the Gordon Research Conferences - 2001 to 2003 
 Director's Award for Collaborative Integration, National Science Foundation - 2012

References 

American materials scientists
Manhattanville University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
University of Notre Dame faculty
Scientists from New York (state)

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Brinkley Concrete Streets. The Brinkley Concrete Streets are several road sections in Brinkley, Arkansas.  They include one block of Ash Street (between New York and Main Streets), and several on New York Street (between Ash and Lynn Streets).  These roads are two lanes wide, and were built in 1928-29 out of concrete sections  wide and about .  They were among the first  of city streets to be paved, and followed the practice of the nearby Bankhead Highway sections, which were also built in concrete.

The roads were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, Arkansas

References

Roads on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Monroe County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Arkansas
List of named minor planets: E. 

E 

 
 
 
 
 
 1205 Ebella
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60558 Echeclus
 11887 Echemmon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 Echo
 
 1750 Eckert
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 413 Edburga
 673 Edda
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 742 Edisona
 517 Edith
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1341 Edmée
 
 1761 Edmondson
 
 445 Edna
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 340 Eduarda
 
 
 
 
 
 2440 Educatio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9260 Edwardolson
 
 
 
 
 1046 Edwin
 
 
 
 
 6002 Eetion
 
 
 2754 Efimov
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3103 Eger
 13 Egeria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9826 Ehrenfreund
 
 
 
 
 
 
 442 Eichsfeldia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2001 Einstein
 15440 Eioneus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 694 Ekard
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 858 El Djezaïr
 
 2311 El Leoncito
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31824 Elatus
 
 
 
 
 
 130 Elektra
 
 
 
 
 
 
 354 Eleonora
 
 567 Eleutheria
 
 618 Elfriede
 
 
 
 
 
 1329 Eliane
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 956 Elisa
 412 Elisabetha
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 50719 Elizabethgriffin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 435 Ella
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 616 Elly
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 59 Elpis
 182 Elsa
 
 
 
 
 
 3936 Elst
 7968 Elst-Pizarro
 
 
 277 Elvira
 
 
 1234 Elyna
 
 17795 Elysiasegal
 
 
 
 
 576 Emanuela
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14627 Emilkowalski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 481 Emita
 283 Emma
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5391 Emmons
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4282 Endate
 
 
 342 Endymion
 
 
 4217 Engelhardt
 
 7548 Engström
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4709 Ennomos
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6433 Enya
 
 221 Eos
 
 5259 Epeigeus
 2148 Epeios
 
 
 
 
 
 1810 Epimetheus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 802 Epyaxa
 
 
 
 62 Erato
 
 
 
 
 3674 Erbisbühl
 
 
 
 894 Erda
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4954 Eric
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 718 Erida
 
 163 Erigone
 636 Erika
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5331 Erimomisaki
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 462 Eriphyla
 136199 Eris
 
 
 
 
 
 705 Erminia
 
 406 Erna
 
 698 Ernestina
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 433 Eros
 
 
 
 185638 Erwinschwab
 
 889 Erynia
 
 9950 ESA
 
 
 
 
 9909 Eschenbach
 
 
 
 1509 Esclangona
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1421 Esperanto
 
 2253 Espinette
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 622 Esther
 1541 Estonia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2032 Ethel
 331 Etheridgea
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1119 Euboea
 181 Eucharis
 
 4354 Euclides
 
 
 217 Eudora
 
 
 4063 Euforbo
 
 
 45 Eugenia
 
 
 743 Eugenisis
 
 
 247 Eukrate
 495 Eulalia
 
 2002 Euler
 
 5436 Eumelos
 
 7152 Euneus
 
 185 Eunike
 15 Eunomia
 630 Euphemia
 
 13963 Euphrates
 31 Euphrosyne
 
 5261 Eureka
 
 52 Europa
 
 4007 Euryalos
 527 Euryanthe
 3548 Eurybates
 
 75 Eurydike
 195 Eurykleia
 
 5012 Eurymedon
 79 Eurynome
 4501 Eurypylos
 
 27 Euterpe
 164 Eva
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 503 Evelyn
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1569 Evita

See also 
 List of minor planet discoverers
 List of observatory codes

References 

Lists of minor planets by name