omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kit Parker. Kevin Kit Parker is a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army Reserve and the Tarr Family Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics at Harvard University. His research includes cardiac cell biology and tissue engineering, traumatic brain injury, and biological applications of micro- and nanotechnologies. Additional work in his laboratory has included fashion design, marine biology, and the application of counterinsurgency methods to countering transnational organized crime.

Early life and education 
Parker attended Boston University's College of Engineering and graduated in 1989.  He earned a Master of Science degree in 1993 and a doctoral degree in applied physics in 1998 from Vanderbilt University.

Military career 
Parker is a paratrooper who has served in the United States Army since 1992. After the September 11 attacks, he served two tours of duty in Afghanistan.

In addition to his combat tours, Parker conducted two missions into Afghanistan as part of the Gray Team in 2011.

Civilian career 
Initially, at Harvard the focus of his research was heart muscle cells.  He turned to traumatic brain injury in 2005 after realizing that an Army friend of his, who had received injuries in an IED blast in Iraq in 2005, was suffering from an undiagnosed medical condition rather than a psychological problem.

Other research of Parker's includes designing camouflage using skin cells of cuttlefish and the use of a cotton candy machine to make dressings for wounds.

Parker served on the Defense Science Research Council for nearly a decade, the Defense Science Board Task Force on Autonomy, and has consulted to other US government agencies as well as the medical device and pharma industry.

In 2011, Parker headed Harvard's committee for reintroducing ROTC at the university.

In July 2016, it was announced that The Disease Biophysics Group at Harvard, led by Kit Parker, created a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray that swims using wave-like fin motions, and turns according to externally applied light cues.

C3 course controversy 
In January 2021, students at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences created a petition objecting to Parker's course on Counter-Criminal Continuum policing, or C3 policing. Titled "Data Fusion in Complex Systems: A Case Study," the course promised to engage graduate student researchers to analyze the efficacy of C3 techniques in Springfield, Massachusetts. 

The petition objected to the lack of research into the potential harms of C3 policing, particularly the ethical implications for marginalized communities. The Dean of the Engineering School soon announced the class was canceled, and committed to reviewing the process of vetting class offerings.

Awards 
Bronze Star
Army Commendation Medal with V device
Combat Infantryman Badge

References

External links 
Kit Parker at Harvard

Biological engineering
United States Army officers
American physicists
Boston University College of Engineering alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
Living people
Harvard University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
4D vector. In computer science, a 4D vector is a 4-component vector data type. Uses include homogeneous coordinates for 3-dimensional space in computer graphics, and red green blue alpha (RGBA) values for bitmap images with a color and alpha channel (as such they are widely used in computer graphics). They may also represent quaternions (useful for rotations) although the algebra they define is different.

Computer hardware support 

Some microprocessors have hardware support for 4D vectors with instructions dealing with 4 lane single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions, usually with a 128-bit data path and 32-bit floating point fields.

Specific instructions (e.g., 4 element dot product) may facilitate the use of one 128-bit register to represent a 4D vector. For example, in chronological order: Hitachi SH4, PowerPC VMX128 extension, and Intel x86 SSE4.

Some 4-element vector engines (e.g., the PS2 vector units) went further with the ability to broadcast components as multiply sources, and cross product support.  Earlier generations of graphics processing unit (GPU) shader pipelines used very long instruction word (VLIW) instruction sets tailored for similar operations.

Software support 
SIMD use for 4D vectors can be conveniently wrapped in a vector maths library (commonly implemented in C or C++) 
commonly used in video game development, along with 4×4 matrix support. These are distinct from more general linear algebra libraries in other domains focussing on matrices of arbitrary size. Such libraries sometimes support 3D vectors padded to 4D or loading 3D data into 4D registers, with arithmetic mapped efficiently to SIMD operations by per platform intrinsic function implementations. There is choice between AOS and SOA approaches given the availability of 4 element registers, versus SIMD instructions that are usually tailored toward homogenous data.

Shading languages for graphics processing unit (GPU) programming usually have a 4D datatypes (along with 2D, 3D) with x-y-z-w accessors including permutes or swizzle access, e.g., allowing easy swapping of RGBA or ARGB formats, accessing two 2D vectors packed into one 4D vector, etc. Modern GPUs have since moved to scalar single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) pipelines (for more efficiency in general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU)) but still support this programming model.

See also 
 Euclidean space
 Four-dimensional space
 Quaternion
 Dimension
 RGBA color space
 Tesseract
 4×4 matrix

References

Mathematical structures
Vectors (mathematics and physics)
Computer hardware
Data types
Gateway Tower (Chicago). The Gateway Tower is a conceptual proposal to illustrate a potential use of the abandoned site once planned to house the Chicago Spire in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side of Chicago.

Details
The plan calls for a building  tall and feature commercial elements that augment residential use. It was the result of a company-wide internal competition at Gensler to replace the Chicago Spire.  , the building is conceptual, and Maxim writer, Scott Tharler, considered the project unlikely. The building would include condos, apartments, a hotel, a Skylobby, a Skydeck with a restaurant, an amusement ride and sky-garden. The base of the building would be in a public park and its supports would span over Lake Shore Drive as well as provide access to the skydeck.

Property background

The Chicago Spire, originally called the Fordham Spire, was originally proposed in July 2005. In March 2006, the initial design of the building was approved by the Chicago Plan Commission, the city's Zoning Committee and the Chicago City Council. In December 2006 and March 2007, the design of the building was revised. The Chicago Plan Commission, Chicago's zoning committee and the Chicago City Council approved the final plans of the Chicago Spire in April and May 2007. By October 2008, the late-2000s recession led to the suspension of construction and a $11.34 million (USD) lien on the construction site. On October 31, 2014 the project's biggest creditor, Related Midwest, compelled the developer, Shelbourne Development Group, to surrender the deed to the property after failing to make the necessary payment. The pre-development of the Chicago Spire left a  wide,  deep hole in the ground which has since been developed over with the 400 Lake Shore Drive towers.

Notes

Proposed buildings and structures in Illinois
Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
Skyscraper hotels in Chicago

Residential condominiums in Chicago
Holmes (computer). Holmes is  a cognitive computing system developed by the Indian technology corporation Wipro and announced in 2016. Its name is a reference to IBM's Watson, and is a backronym for "Heuristics and Ontology-based Learning Machines and Experiential Systems".

Its uses include development of digital virtual agents, predictive systems, cognitive process automation, visual computing applications, knowledge virtualization, robotics and drones. The HOLMES platform Vision was created by Ramprasad K.R. (Rampi), he was the chief technologist for AI at Wipro.

References

External links
 

Natural language processing software
One-of-a-kind computers
Ministry of Water Resources (Bangladesh). The Ministry of Water Resources (; Pāni sampada mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, which formulates all kinds of policies, plans, strategies, guidelines and laws, rules, regulations, etc. for the development and management of water resources and the management and control of the departments under its jurisdiction. This ministry prepares and implements development projects on flood control, irrigation and drainage, prevention of riverbank erosion, delta development, land reclamation, etc. through the construction of barrages, regulators, sluices, canals, embankments, rubber dams, flood control dams, coastal embankments and canals. Excavation-re-excavation provides services such as irrigation, flood control, flood prevention, river bank erosion prevention, land reclamation etc.

Directorates
Institute of Water Modeling
River Research Institute
Water Resources Planning Organisation (WARPO)
Bangladesh Water Development Board
Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
Flood Forecasting and Warning Center
Joint River Commission, Bangladesh
Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services

References

 
Water Resources
Ministries established in 1972
1972 establishments in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Per-Simon Kildal. Per-Simon Kildal (4 July 1951 – 21 April 2016) was professor of antenna systems at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, IEEE fellow and the winner of  Distinguished Achievement Award of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society in 2011. Kildal had contributed to design of reflector antennas for radio astronomy worldwide, most notably the Gregorian reflector of Arecibo Observatory which was installed in 1997. Apart from reflector antennas, he had made contributions to wideband radiotelescope feeds, Over-The-Air (OTA) measurements of the antennas and metamaterial applications.

He founded the companies Bluetest AB, Gapwaves AB and RanLOS AB. Bluetest is based on his innovation to measure the performance of wireless devices, with a test chamber used by companies and telecom operators worldwide. Gapwaves aims to commercialize the waveguide technology invented by Kildal, a design that can control unwanted electromagnetic waves in electronic components. The ideas for the gap waveguide technique were presented in a scientific article 1990, which is today cited by other researchers over 400 times.

References 

1951 births
2016 deaths
Norwegian electrical engineers
Academic staff of the Chalmers University of Technology
Fellows of the IEEE
Wright Contour. The Wright Contour was a coach body built by Wrightbus from 1982 until 1987. The first entered service with Whittles in 1983. Most were fitted to Bedford Y series, but others were seven Leyland Tigers for Ulsterbus, one Ford R1115 and one ACE Puma IV midicoach.

In 1987, a high-floor version marketed as the Contour Imperial was built on a Volvo B10M chassis, however production of the Contour then ceased.

During the 1980s Wright was not yet a major player in the UK bus market, and most of its sales were to the welfare sector.  The Contour was an attempt to break into the coach market, but only 37 Contours were built over 5 years, prompting Wright to withdraw from the coach market.

References

External links

Flickr gallery

Vehicles introduced in 1982
Contour
Paice (company). Paice is a hybrid technology company headquartered in Baltimore. The company develops transitory technology for gas-driven and electricity-driven vehicles.

Company 
Paice was founded by Alexei Severinsky, a Russian emigrant, in 1992. Paice originally developed early hybrid-electric powertrain concepts for passenger vehicles. In recent years, Paice LLC has been controlled by the Abell Foundation and has focused on patent litigation. Paice has sued Toyota, Ford, and most recently Hyundai for allegedly infringing on its patents.

Field of Operation 
Paice develops hybrid vehicle drivetrains used in the automotive industry. Hybrid technology developed by Paice are applied in various vehicles such as the Toyota Prius, Ford C-MAX, and Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid. Besides development marketing, the company also focuses on defending its patents.

Patents 
Paice holds about 29 patents that are related to hybrid vehicle drivetrains.

Core patents are:
 Paice US patent 6.209.672, Hybrid car with two electric motors, one connected to engine, and one connected to car wheels, 1998.
 Paice US-Patent 5.343.970, Improved hybrid electric vehicle where both engine and electric motor power the car, and energy is captured via regenerative braking, 1992.
 Paice US patent 6.338.391, Electric motor coupled to turbocharged motor, and control system, 1999.

Patent Conflicts 
The company has patent conflicts with Hyundai because of its Hyundai Sonata Hybrid, and Kia, because of its Kia Optima hybrid car. Millions of dollars of compensation have been successfully claimed. 

Similar claims against Ford in 7 of 25 patent appeals by Ford ended up in final decisions by the US patent office USPTAB in favor of Paice. Further decisions are in progress.

Lost Claims
Paice's claims were backed by the Abell Foundation, a risk capital partner.

In 2016 Paice said that VW, Audi, and Porsche used Paice patented technology infringing Paice's patents. This dispute was settled in early 2017 and the terms of the settlement are confidential.

See also 
 Hybrid electric vehicle
 Hybrid vehicle drivetrain

References

External links 
 

Manufacturing companies based in Baltimore
Hybrid electric cars
Partial zero-emissions vehicles
Hybrid powertrain
Das Boot (video game). Das Boot: German U-boat Simulation is a submarine simulator game designed by Paul Butler & Rick Banks and published in 1990 for Amiga and MS-DOS systems by Three-Sixty Pacific.  It was inspired by the 1973 novel of the same name and its film adaptation.

The player takes command of a German Type VII U-boat and plays missions against the Allies which involve combat against aircraft, anti-submarine warships, and other submarines. The game was touted to feature 256 VGA Color, 3D Views, and historical realism.

Release
The MS-DOS version was released on 3.5" floppy disks and came packaged with a copy of the novel of the same name.

Reception
Computer Gaming World in 1991 panned the game as a serious submarine simulator, noting several issues such a frustrating user interface, unrealistic mechanics, and limited information presented to the player compared to other games of the same genre. The magazine did, however, praise the game as an arcade-shoot-'em-up but warned fans of the movie to avoid the game.

Reviews
Fire & Movement #76

References

External links 

History of Subsims

1990 video games
DOS games
Amiga games
Submarine simulation video games
Video games based on novels
Naval video games
Video games developed in Canada
World War II video games
Artech Studios games
Single-player video games
Works based on Das Boot (novel)
K-IV water project. The K-IV water project (), abbreviated as K-IV, is a pending water supply project being jointly developed by the provincial and federal governments in Karachi, Pakistan, to augment the city's daily water supply. The estimated cost was approximately Rs25.5 billion, which now increased to 150 billion PKR, while the project is designed to provide 650 million gallons of water daily to Karachi in three phases. The new water supply will be extracted from Keenjhar Lake through three water canals. The project was slated for completion in mid-2019. The K-IV water project is part of Karachi Bulk Water Supply Project.

The responsibility of implementation of K4 project was handed over to WAPDA by the federal government in October 2020. The WAPDA vowed to complete the project in minimum time of two years so that the citizens of Karachi can benefit from it. Like many other projects for Karachi, this project was once again delayed, till October 2023.

Background 
 
The project was first conceived in 2002, and the project’s feasibility studies and design were completed by Osmani & Company Limited (OCL). Estimates prepared by the consultants in 2007–08 based on the preliminary designs were reviewed by different tiers of provincial and federal governments and finally the project was approved for Rs25.5 billion by ECNEC in the year 2011. Due to the negligence of federal and provincial governments during the span of decades, project costs have been increased from the original Rs25.5 billion to Rs150 billion and project work is still pending.

Design
The total length of the Phase 1 of the project is 120km, of which approximately 92km is canal, 10 km are siphons, and approximately 8 km are RCC conduits. There are 2 pump stations capable of pumping of 260 million gallons per day each, and three filtration plants: one of 130 MGD and two of 65 MGD capacity.

Construction 
Construction is being carried out by the Frontier Works Organisation conglomerate. In November 2020, after taking responsibility to execute the project, WAPDA stopped working on the K-IV project by mentioning serious technical and design issues.

See also
 Karachi Water and Sewerage Board
 Karachi Bulk Water Supply Project
 Water resources management in Pakistan
 Dams, water locks and canals of Pakistan
 Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan

References

Proposed infrastructure in Pakistan
Proposed water supply infrastructure
Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan
Belgian Society for Operations Research. The Belgian Society for Operations Research (ORBEL)  is the professional non-profit society for the scientific field of Operations Research in Belgium. The society is recognized by the International Federation of Operational Research Societies and its subgrouping, the Association of European Operational Research Societies, as the main national society for Operations Research in its country.

ORBEL was created in 1961 with the aim of promoting the development of Operations Research and Mathematical Programming in Belgium, both from a methodological point and an applied research point of views. The recognition of operations research, and the promotion of professional relationships between operations researchers, inside and outside Italy, are goals of ORBEL.

Recent presidents are:
 Raymond Bisdorff (2009-2011)
 Patrick De Causmaecker (2011-2013)
 Yves Crama (2013-2015)
 Frits Spieksma (2015-2018)
 Kenneth Sörensen (2019–2020)
 Yasemin Arda (2021–2022)

ORBEL is governed by a president, with two-year term, who presides the Board of Administration, consisting of about 10 persons elected by the members of the Executive Committee, including the President, the Vice President and for one year the President Elect.

Currently (2016), ORBEL has over 100 members - both professors and researchers from universities, as well as professionals working in industry or government.

Jointly with the Italian Operations Research Society and the French Operations Research Society, ORBEL publishes 4OR - A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research, in which methodological and applied papers are published as well as surveys on topic particularly relevant in the field of operations research.  The society’s publisher is Springer.
Until 2001, ORBEL was responsible for the publication of the scientific journal JORBEL, the Belgian Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, and Computer Science.

Once a year, usually at the end of January, ORBEL organizes a scientific conference, attended by about 120 participants.

During its conference, ORBEL announces two awards: (i) the ORBEL award for the best master thesis in operations research published by a Belgian university, (ii) the Wolsey award for the best OR related open source implementation.

References

External links
 
 
 
 

Operations research societies
Research institutes in Belgium
Organizations established in 1961
Principle of maximum caliber. The principle of maximum caliber (MaxCal) or maximum path entropy principle, suggested by E. T. Jaynes, can be considered as a generalization of the principle of maximum entropy. It postulates that the most unbiased probability distribution of paths is the one that maximizes their Shannon entropy. This entropy of paths is sometimes called the "caliber" of the system, and is given by the path integral

History 

The principle of maximum caliber was proposed by Edwin T. Jaynes in 1980, in an article titled 
The Minimum Entropy Production Principle in the context of deriving a principle for non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Mathematical formulation 

The principle of maximum caliber can be considered as a generalization of the principle of maximum entropy defined over the paths space, the caliber  is of the form

 

where for n-constraints

 

it is shown that the probability functional is

 

In the same way, for n dynamical constraints defined in the interval  of the form

 

it is shown that the probability functional is

Maximum caliber and statistical mechanics

Following Jaynes' hypothesis, there exist publications in which the principle of maximum caliber appears to emerge as a result of the construction of a framework which describes a statistical representation of systems with many degrees of freedom.

See also
Maximal entropy random walk

Notes

Entropy and information
Bayesian statistics
maximum caliber
Probability assessment
maximum caliber
North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited. North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited is a public sector undertaking (PSU) controlled by the Government of Bihar. It was formed on 1 November 2012 under section 14 of the Electricity Act of 2003, and is the successor to the erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board.

Infrastructure
The company has an infrastructure facility in its operating area with 246 power system stabilizers, 506 power transformers, 139 33 kV feeders, 825 11 kV feeders and around 20,900 distribution transformers of various capacities.

Network
The company encompasses an area of 21 districts of northern Bihar further divided into 29 divisions: Araria - I, Bagha, Bairagania, Barauli, Barauni, Barsoi, Begusarai, Bettiah, Chhapra, Darbhanga, Forbesganj, Gogari, Gopalganj, Hajipur, Katihar, Khagaria, Mahnar Bazar, Motihari, Narkatiaganj, Purnia, Ramnagar, Revelganj, Samastipur, Sitamarhi, Siwan, Sonpur, Sugauli, Kishanganj, Madhepura, Raxaul. Catering to the power requirements of around 1.8 million consumers in 2012.

See also

Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited
South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited

References

Electric power distribution network operators in India
Energy in Bihar
State agencies of Bihar
State electricity agencies of India
2012 establishments in Bihar
Energy companies established in 2012