omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
NVI F.K.34. The NVI F.K.34 was a three-seat reconnaissance floatplane built in the Netherlands in 1925 as a private venture in the hope of a Dutch Naval Aviation Service order; two accidents during testing meant that it did not go into production.

Design and development

The F.K.34 was a private venture, a floatplane reconnaissance aircraft with a crew of three.  It was a parasol wing monoplane with a wing that was almost constant in plan out to the ailerons where the trailing edge began to curve in towards rounded tips.  The wings were braced on each side by a pair of parallel struts from the lower fuselage; these bracing struts were actually of N-form but the diagonal member was notably thinner than the others.

The fuselage was flat sided and topped but the underside sloped upwards towards the tail.  Here, the tailplane was located on top of the fuselage and also braced on each side with [pairs of parallel struts; its elevators had rounded tips which served as horn balances. The rudder was rectangular and extended downwards below the bottom of the fuselage. The pilot sat in an open cockpit under the wing trailing edge where there was a rectangular cut-out for enhanced visibility.  In the nose the three cylinder banks of the 520 hp (387 kW) W-12 Hispano-Suiza 12G engine were neatly enclosed in a drum and dome-like cowling.  It drove a two blade propeller.  The floats were flat topped, square in plan and wedge shaped in profile at the bow, tapering to the rear.  They were mounted to the lower fuselage with N-form struts; two cross braces linked the pair of floats.

The first flight was made on 31 October 1925, piloted by Joop van Vloten, followed by test flights which led to several modifications. After this the FK.34 was extensively tested by the MLD (the Marine Luchtvaart Dienst or Dutch Naval Aviation Service), to whom NVI looked for an order. At one stage the sale of nine aircraft seemed possible; however there were two accidents caused by the failure of the float undercarriage and no such order was placed. The aircraft was then scrapped.

Specifications

See also

References

1920s Dutch military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
F.K.34
GIDS Shahpar. The GIDS Shahpar is a family of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) built by Global Industrial Defence Solutions of Pakistan and used by the Pakistani military. It is currently in production following the completion of a test and qualification phase.

Development 
According to an engineer of AERO (Advanced Engineering Research Organisation), one of the seven companies forming the  GIDS consortium, the only parts of the Shahpar aircraft system not produced in Pakistan are the engine and tyres. The sensor suite, a multi-sensor turret designated "Zumr-1 (EP)", is built at an AERO facility near Islamabad. The design features a pusher engine with canard foreplanes in front of the wings.

The Shahpar is designed to autonomously take off and land on a runway or land with a parachute. Payloads are available for reconnaissance and day/night surveillance. Targets on the ground can be geo-referenced and geo-pointed by the avionics. The military standard hardware is built to Environmental Standard 810F. Ground equipment is capable of mission planning and simulation; mission management and control as well as debriefing of ground crew.

Operational history 
The first fleet of Shahpars entered service with the Pakistan Air Force and Pakistan Army in 2013 along with the Burraq UCAV. Each flight is made up of five aircraft, a communications station and a ground control station.

Variants
Shahpar
Shahpar-II
Shahpar-III

Specifications

See also

References

GIDS products
Airborne military robots
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Pakistan Army
Pakistan Air Force
Military equipment of Pakistan
Unmanned military aircraft of Pakistan
Andersen thermostat. The Andersen thermostat is a proposal in molecular dynamics simulation for maintaining constant temperature conditions. It is based on periodic reassignment of the velocities of atoms or molecules. For each atom or molecule, the reassigned velocity is picked randomly according to Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics for the given temperature. The thermostat is named after chemist  from his 1980 work on the topic.

Introduction 
When a system exists at some temperature, the energy of particles' degrees of freedom are randomly distributed according to a Boltzmann distribution. The energy of such systems is not constant; it's constantly fluctuating due to exchange of energy with surroundings. The Andersen thermostat models this exchange of energy with the surroundings as random perturbations on randomly selected particles. This is in contrast to methods such as the Nosé–Hoover thermostat.

Description 
At each time step of the molecular dynamics simulation, a number of particles are selected to undergo "thermalization". The probability of any given particle being picked in this manner is  for a (small) time step of length  and coupling strength , which is a parameter of the simulation. If a particle is picked at some time step, its velocity is changed to a velocity randomly picked from the Boltzmann distribution of velocities. Due to this interaction with a bath, the system conserves neither energy nor momentum. In addition, the velocity autocorrelation function decays more quickly than it would in a real system, due to the random decorrelation of the particles. This effect grows with increasing collision frequency .

References

External links
 Sklogwiki description

Molecular dynamics
Mohamed Bahaa Eldin. Mohamed Bahaa Eldin is an Egyptian civil engineer and politician who served as minister of water and irrigation from 2 August 2012 to July 2013 as part of the Qandil cabinet.

Early life and education
Eldin was born on 26 July 1947. He received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Ain Shams University in 1970. He holds a master's degree, which he obtained from the University of Southampton in 1980, and a PhD in civil engineering that he earned from the same university in 1986.

Career
Eldin worked at the ministry of water resources and irrigationas throughout his career. He started his career as secretary general of the national water research center in 1992 and served there until 1994. From 1995 to 2001, he worked as the director of the hydraulics research institute. Then he was named as the head of the planning sector, and served for one year from 2001 to 2002. In 2007, he was appointed the general coordinator of the national plan for water resources and irrigation project. Next he served at different units of the ministry until 2011. Lastly, he was named deputy minister of water resources and irrigationas. On 2 August 2012, he was appointed minister of water resources and irrigations. He is an independent member of the cabinet led by prime minister Hisham Qandil, whom he succeeded as minister. Eldin's and the Qandil cabinet's term ended in July 2013. Eldin was replaced by Ayman Abu Hadid in the post.

Personal life
Eldin is married and has children.

References

20th-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century Egyptian engineers
21st-century Egyptian politicians
1947 births
Ain Shams University alumni
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Egyptian civil engineers
Irrigation ministers of Egypt
Living people
Qandil Cabinet
2400 series. 2400 series may refer to:

Train types 

 CTA 2400 series electric multiple unit formerly operating for the Chicago Transit Authority
 Keihan 2400 series electric multiple unit operating for Keihan Electric Railway
 Kintetsu 2400 series electric multiple unit operating for Kintetsu Railway since 1966
 Odakyu 2400 series electric multiple unit formerly operating for Odakyu Electric Railway from 1960-1989

Electric multiple units of Japan
Ikarbus IK-201. Ikarbus IK-201 is an articulated city bus built by the Serbian  bus manufacturer Ikarbus from 1993 until 2006.

The model IK-201 was developed from prototype model, being designated as Ikarbus IK-201L9 (L stands for luksuzno - luxury, due to the equipment used on this model). In 1996 the production of older IK-161 model has been ceased. IK-201 is similar to IK-202, and IK-203 models. The main difference between those three models is that IK-201 has MAN engine, IK-202 has RABA engine and IK-203 has Mercedes engine. The further development of those models which has replaced them in production is IK-206, with vertical MAN engine.

It has 39 passenger seats made of two pieces of plywood (seat and back) on foundation of steel bars and bars for holding. Doors are four two-wing, pneumatically controlled and opened to the inside. There are seven windows with slide rule and four roof airshafts. The heating system consists from heater on front wall, three heaters in passengers compartment. Roof and sides are isolated.

The IK-201 is today used mainly by GSP Belgrade and JGSP Novi Sad. Lasta Beograd, Lastra Lazarevac, JP Subotica-Trans and other public bus operators also use it.

Technical data 

Maximum speed - 72 km/h
Number of passengers - 160
Weight of empty vehicle - 14100 kg
Battery - 2 x 12V / 180 Ah
Tank volume - 300 l
Suspension - Air with telescopic shock-absorbers and torsion stabilizer
Steering-wheel - PPT (ZF) / 8045

Dimension 
Length - 17.04 m
Width - 2.5 m
Height - 3.2 m
Height inside - 2.05 m
Height of floor from the ground - 0.9 m
Height of lowest stair from the ground - 0.345 m
Distance between front axles - 5.25 m
Distance between rear axles - 6.1 m
Front end to the front wheels - 2.82 m
Rear end to the rear wheels - 2.9 m

Maneuvering capabilities 
Smallest diameter of the most protruded wheel - 17.5 m
Smallest diameter of turning - 21.6 m

Engines 
Installed horizontally between axles
MAN D2866 LUH-22 (E2) - 191 kW (1900 rpm)
MAN D2866 LUH-23 (E3) - 191 kW (1900 rpm)

Transmission 
ZF S6-85 
Voith D863.3 automatic

See also 

 List of buses

References 

Ikarbus buses
Vehicles introduced in 1993
ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. The ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) is an annual conference for technical innovations in human–computer interfaces. UIST is sponsored by ACM SIGCHI and ACM SIGGRAPH. By impact factor, it is one of impactful conferences in the field of human–computer interaction. Scott Hudson is the current chair of the UIST community, which organizes the UIST conference.

Overview 
UIST is a highly selective conference, with an acceptance rate of 20.3% over the last five years.

History 

Through 2013, UIST was well known for its intimate single-track format.  UIST 2014 introduced a new dual-track format.

Past Conferences 
Past and future UIST conferences include:

References 

Computer science conferences
Association for Computing Machinery conferences
Human–computer interaction
Explosive boiling. In thermodynamics, explosive boiling or phase explosion is a method whereby a superheated metastable liquid undergoes an explosive liquid-vapor phase transition into a stable two-phase state because of a massive homogeneous nucleation of vapor bubbles. This concept was pioneered by M. M. Martynyuk in 1976 and then later advanced by Fucke and Seydel.

Mechanism

Explosive boiling can be best described by a p-T phase diagram. Figure on right shows a typical p-T phase diagram of a substance. The binodal line or the coexistence curve is a thermodynamic state where at that specific temperature and pressure, liquid and vapor can coexist. The spinodal line on right is the boundary of absolute instability of a solution to decomposition into multiple phases. A typical heating process is shown using red ink.

If the heating process is relatively slow, the liquid has enough time to relax to an equilibrium state and the liquid follows the binodal curve, the Clausius–Clapeyron relation is still valid. During this time heterogeneous evaporation occurs in the substance with bubbles nucleating from impurity sites, surfaces, grain boundaries etc. 

On the other hand, if the heating process is fast enough that the substance cannot reach binodal curve through heterogeneous boiling, the liquid becomes superheated with its temperature above boiling point at a given pressure. System then shifts away from the binodal and continues to follow the red curve and thus approaches towards spinodal. Near the critical temperature thermodynamic properties like specific heat, density varies rapidly as shown on the figure at right. Density and entropy undergoes largest fluctuation. During this time it is possible to have a large density fluctuation in a very small volume. This fluctuation of density results in the nucleation of a bubble. The bubble nucleation process occurs homogeneously everywhere in the substance. The rate of bubble nucleation and vapor sphere growth rate increases exponentially closer to the critical temperature. The increasing nucleation prevents the system from going to the spinodal. When the bubble radius reaches the critical size it continues to expand and eventually explodes resulting a mixture of gas and droplets which is termed as explosive boiling or phase explosion.

At the beginning, explosive boiling was used by Martynyuk to calculate the critical temperature of metals. He used electric resistance to heat up metal wire. Later explosive boiling was found to occur while using ultra fast femtosecond laser ablation. Although this kind of explosive boiling should occur by any mechanism whereby the temperature of the liquid is rapidly raised close to the critical temperature of the substance.

See also 

 Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
 Rapid phase transition
 Steam explosion

References

Physical chemistry
Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase. Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (, NphT7) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (decarboxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

 acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA  acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA + CO2

The enzyme from the soil bacterium Streptomyces sp. CL190 produces acetoacetyl-CoA.

References

External links 
 

EC 2.3.1
Chullora Railway Workshops. Chullora Railway Workshops were a major workshops for the repair and heavy maintenance of locomotives and rolling stock for the New South Wales Government Railways.

It was built on site at Chullora over 485 acres adjoining the main Sydney marshalling yards at Enfield. The decision to build a new workshop was made because of the inadequacy of the existing facilities at Eveleigh Railway Workshops and the decision to electrify the Sydney metropolitan network.

The master plan envisaged it would cover all aspects of railway operation with separate facilities for a locomotive workshop, carriage workshop, wagon repair depot, electric repair shop, signal engineers branch, general railway store, water supply and existing lines branch.

History
In the late 1940s and 1950s, it built 600/700, 620/720 and DEB set railcars.

The site began to wind down in the 1960s as operations were decentralised and the rail network contracted. The south western part of the site was sold for redevelopment with Fairfax Media and News Limited both moving their Sydney printing factories to the site. In October 1984, the Sydney Freight Terminal opened on the site to replace Darling Harbour. Despite $61 million being invested in the facility between 1980 and 1985, in March 1994, the Elcar electric carriage maintenance facility was closed with responsibility for maintaining the CityRail fleet taken over by A Goninan & Co at a new facility in Auburn.

UGL Rail have a facility on the site which has in recent years has assembled UGL Rail C44aci locomotives.

In November 2018, plans were announced to move Transport Heritage NSW's heritage collection items from the Eveleigh Railway Workshops and Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot to a new location in the Chullora Railway Workshops to be known as the Chullora Heritage Hub.

References

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Australia
Defunct railway workshops of Australia
Municipality of Strathfield
Railway workshops in New South Wales
Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous). Rajagiri School of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous) (RSET) is an educational institution located in Kochi, Kerala, India, offering engineering education and research. RSET is affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

RSET is managed by the Sacred Heart Province of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI) congregation. RSET is a part of the Rajagiri Vidyapeetham (transl. "seat of knowledge").

In 2020, the college was granted autonomous status by the University Grants Commission, being among the first technical institutions in Kerala to have such a status.

Courses offered 
RSET offers undergraduate programs in B. Tech and postgraduate programs in M. Tech and Ph. D. levels.

B. Tech:

   Applied Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
   Artificial Intelligence & Data Science
  Civil Engineering
  Computer Science & Engineering
  Electrical & Electronics Engineering
  Electronics & Communication Engineering
  Information Technology
  Computer Science & Business Systems
  Mechanical Engineering 

From 2021, the college, in collaboration with Tata Consultancy Services, provides Computer Science & Business Systems undergraduate program.

M. Tech:

 Communication Engineering

   Computer Science & Information Systems
   Industrial Drives & Control
   Network Engineering
   VLSI & Embedded Systems

Ph. D.

 Chemistry
   Computer Science
   Electrical Engineering
   Electronics Engineering
   Information Technology
   Mathematics
   Mechanical Engineering
   Physics

Notable alumni
 Shane Nigam, Malayalam Film Actor 
 Jakes Bejoy, Music Director

References

External links

Engineering colleges in Kochi
2001 establishments in Kerala
Educational institutions established in 2001
Eveleigh Carriage Workshops. The Eveleigh Carriage Workshops were built by the New South Wales Government Railways in 1888 as a depot for its passenger carriage fleet. The workshops are located west of what is now Redfern station on the northern side of the Main Suburban railway line opposite the heritage-listed Eveleigh Railway Workshops.

The repair and heavy maintenance of both Sydney suburban and long-distance carriages were undertaken on site between 1888 until its closure in 1989. In 1986 the workshop was upgraded to refurbish single-deck suburban carriages. Following this program ceasing the works closed in September 1989 after which it was used to store redundant carriages and to remove asbestos from locomotives and carriages.

The western end of the site has been redeveloped as the Carriageworks theatre while the eastern end houses some of Transport for NSW's heritage fleet.

See also

Rail transport in New South Wales

References

Railway workshops in New South Wales
1888 establishments in Australia
1989 disestablishments in Australia
Groma Büromaschinen. Groma Büromaschinen (founded 1872 as Maschinenfabrik G. F. Grosser) was a German manufacturer of typewriters. "Groma" was portmanteau from Grosser and Markersdorf, a neighborhood of Chemnitz.

Groma is best known today for the Kolibri, an ultra-flat portable typewriter, but it also made mid-sized and large typewriters. After World War II, it was a Volkseigener Betrieb.

The last remains of the machine plant were demolished in 2009.

References

Volkseigene Betriebe
Typewriters
Manufacturing companies established in 1872
Companies based in Chemnitz
NVI F.K.35. The NVI F.K.35 or Koolhoven F.K.35 was a two-seat fighter aircraft built in the Netherlands during 1926.  It was completed and exhibited but, through a combination of ground accident and financial problems, never flown.

Design and development
The F.K.35 was the last of Frederick Koolhoven's designs for Nationale Vliegtuig Industrie (NVI) before its financial collapse in early 1927.  It was a two-seat, single engine fighter aircraft, unusual in being configurable either as a monoplane or as a biplane. The thinking was that most air forces would fly the faster monoplane but small countries might prefer the more economical biplane. Completed before the Paris Aero Show of 1926, it was severely damaged whilst transporting it there for exhibition.  Though its fuselage was hastily replaced in time for the show, it never flew.

In its monoplane configuration the K.K.35 was a low wing aircraft. Its wing was an all wood, single piece structure covered in plywood. It had constant chord, rounded tips and significant dihedral and was braced from above with two parallel struts on each side to the upper fuselage longerons.  In biplane mode the upper wing was mounted with no stagger, braced by N-form interplane struts; there were neither dihedral or ailerons on this wing. The empennage was conventional, with a straight tapered horizontal tail set on the top of the fuselage well forward of the vertical, narrow fin which, like with the rudder were also straight edged.

The fuselage was a flat sided tubular steel structure, deep at the rear but sloping down to the nose from about mid-chord.  Since the pilot's open cockpit was well forward, it was lower than that of the gunner in the rear cockpit making forward fire safer.  The gunner's seat, twin Lewis machine gun and ammunition were contained within a novel turret, a vertical axis cylinder which could be power rotated in any direction under lever control.  The power was provided by a flywheel which the gunner spun up through a pedal mechanism.  It was claimed that once up to full speed the wheel stored enough energy to power the turret over one or two minute of engagement.  One of these turrets had already been fitted to the F.K.35 but there was not enough time to remount it in the new fuselage for the Paris Show.

The F.K.35 was powered by a 600 hp (444 kW) Bristol Pegasus VI nine cylinder radial engine driving a two blade propeller.  Its fuel was held in lower wing tanks, which could be jettisoned in an emergency. Its fixed undercarriage was conventional, with a wide track. The mainwheels were mounted on bent axles hinged on the central fuselage bottom, forming a central transverse inverted V; the outer ends of the axles were supported by a vertical oleo strut and an oblique strut, together forming a V attached to the wing underside beneath the ends of the wing struts.

Specifications

References

1920s Dutch fighter aircraft
F.K.35
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Unflown aircraft
Harold L. Nash. Harold Lewis Nash (March 5, 1892 – January 18, 1975) was a one term Republican mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut and engineer.

Biography
He was born on March 5, 1892, to Lewis H. Nash, founder of Nash Engineering Company and member of the Connecticut House of Representatives and died on January 18, 1975.

References

1892 births
1975 deaths
20th-century American engineers
Connecticut Republicans
Mayors of Norwalk, Connecticut
Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
Engineers from Connecticut
20th-century Connecticut politicians