omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Joe Guthridge. Joe Guthridge is best known for his contributions to the development of a family of word processing software that began in the 1980s.  Software from that original work is still being used as of 201x.

Guthridge gained recognition for his work in an important standardization area.

Recognition
Guthridge was presented with Microsoft's Windows Pioneer Award in 1994. This was a recognition by Bill Gates of seven non-Microsoft employees who made important contributions to the development of Windows.

Samna Amí
Joe Guthridge led the development of Samna Amí, the first Windows word processor, which was subsequently renamed Lotus Word Pro somewhat after Samna was acquired by Lotus Software.

Among the strengths of Ami Pro, successor to Samna Amí, were scientific writing, including equation editing.

Lotus Amí
Even after the internal file format of the original .sam evolved to .lwp (Lotus Word-Processing), Microsoft and Wordperfect supported exporting to this product,
which was described in a review as having a mail-merge "much faster than Word, somewhat faster than WordPerfect"

Honorable mention
An international study about gridlock during rush hours cited Joe Guthridge's opinion that "evening rush hours are usually worse than their morning equivalent, because at the start of the day people are intent on getting to work, while on the way home they often make one or two traffic-slowing stops."

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
N. G. Krishna Murti. Nori Gopala Krishna Murti (10 February 1910 – 24 February 1995) was an Indian civil engineer, known for his contributions for the implementation of Koyna Hydroelectric Project. He was the chairman of Bhakra Dam Management Board and the vice-chairman of the International Congress on Large Dams. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, in 1963. He received the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, in 1972.

Biography

Krishna Murti was born on 16 February 1910 at Bapatla in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh to  Venkateswarlu Nori–Sundaramma couple and did his early education at Bapatla Board School. As a civil engineer in the Government service, he was involved in the development of a number of dams and airports in India. The most notable among his achievements was the designing, implementation and commissioning of Koyna Hydroelectric Project. He also served as the chairman of the Bhakranangal Dam Management Board and was the vice-chairman of the International Congress on Large Dams (ICLD) from 1969 to 1972.

Murti, who was married to Sundararamaratnam, died in 1995, at the age 85. Nori Pandurang Vithal, erstwhile chief commissioner of railway safety of the Indian Railways and Vasudev Nori, both civil engineers, were his sons.

Awards and honors 
Krishna Murti received the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award from the Government of India in 1963. The Government honored him again in 1972 with the third highest award of the Padma Bhushan.

See also

 Hydroelectric power in India
 List of conventional hydroelectric power stations

References

External links
 

1910 births
1995 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service
Indian civil engineers
People from Andhra Pradesh
Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service
Bodenstein number. The Bodenstein number (abbreviated Bo, named after Max Bodenstein) is a dimensionless parameter in chemical reaction engineering, which describes the ratio of the amount of substance introduced by convection to that introduced by diffusion. Hence, it characterises the backmixing in a system and allows statements whether and how much volume elements or substances within a chemical reactor mix due to the prevalent currents. It is defined as the ratio of the convection current to the dispersion current. The Bodenstein number is an element of the dispersion model of residence times and is therefore also called the dimensionless dispersion coefficient.

Mathematically, two idealized extreme cases exist for the Bodenstein number. These, however, cannot be fully reached in practice:
  corresponds to full backmixing, which is the ideal state to be reached in a continuous stirred-tank reactor.
  corresponds to no backmixing, but a continuous through flow as in an ideal flow channel. 

Control of the flow velocity within a reactor allows to adjust the Bodenstein number to a pre-calculated desired value, so that the desired degree of backmixing of the substances in the reactor can be reached.

Determination of the Bodenstein number 
The Bodenstein number is calculated according to

where
 : flow velocity
 : length of the reactor
 : axial dispersion coefficient

It can also be determined experimentally from the distribution of the residence times. Assuming an open system:

holds, where
 :   dimensionless variance
 :          variance of the mean residence time
 :            hydrodynamic residence time

References 

Dimensionless numbers of chemistry
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Chemical engineering
Robert Cooke Fenwick. Robert Cooke Fenwick (6 October 1882—13 August 1912) was a British aircraft pioneer and designer.
Fenwick was educated at South Shields High School between 1893 and 1895, leaving the school to go to school in Jersey.

After school, he became an aircraft designer. He worked at Planes Limited and worked on the Handley Page Type B, later redesigning it into the Planes Limited Biplane. He is known for designing and building the Mersey Monoplane, which competed in trials at the British Military Aeroplane Competition, on Salisbury Plain in 1912. He was granted his aviator's certificate, No. 35, on 29 November 1910.

On 13 August 1912, Fenwick lost control of his Mersey monoplane and it crashed, killing him in the process.

References

1882 births
1912 deaths
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England
British aerospace engineers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1912
British Rail Class 196. The British Rail Class 196 Civity is a class of diesel multiple unit built for West Midlands Trains by Spanish rolling stock manufacturer CAF. A total of 26 units have been built; 12 two-car units and 14 four-car units.

They are the first train of the Civity family to feature end gangways.

History
Shortly after the announcement that a consortium of Abellio, Mitsui and JR East had been awarded the West Midlands franchise, West Midlands Trains confirmed they had placed an order for 26 diesel multiple units based on CAF's Civity platform.

The first completed unit started testing at the Velim railway test circuit in December 2019.

The first vehicle arrived at Tyseley TMD in Birmingham on 17 April 2020, having travelled by ship from Cuxhaven to Hull. Revenue services using the new fleet began on 17 October 2022, on services between Shrewsbury and Birmingham.

Operators

West Midlands Trains
West Midlands Trains use the Class 196 fleet to replace their 23 Class 170/5 Turbostar units on services between Birmingham and Shrewsbury via Telford. They also run on Birmingham to Hereford services from 2023, with occasional appearances on the Snow Hill Lines (Dorridge & Stratford-upon-Avon to Worcester). Six 2-car units will be allocated to the initial services operated on the East West Rail route between Oxford and Milton Keynes.

Fleet details

Named units
Some units have received names:
196001: Graiseley Wolves
196004: Sir Edward Elgar
196101: Charles Darwin
196102: The Shropshire Flyer

See also
 British Rail Class 195 - A diesel multiple unit variant of the CAF Civity UK platform built for Northern.
 British Rail Class 197 - A diesel multiple unit variant of the CAF Civity UK platform built for Transport for Wales Rail.
 British Rail Class 331 - An electric multiple unit variant of the CAF Civity UK platform built for Northern.
 British Rail Class 397 - An electric multiple unit variant of the CAF Civity UK platform built for TransPennine Express.
 British Rail Class 897 - A tri-mode multiple unit variant of the CAF Civity UK platform to be built for London North Eastern Railway.

Notes

References

External links

195
CAF multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2022
China Railways SS7B. The Shaoshan 7B () is a type of electric locomotive used by China's national railway system China Railways. This locomotive was one of China's 25-ton axle load test locomotives in the 1990s.

History 
According to the design task book issued by the Ministry of Railways in 1996, Datong Electric Locomotive Works developed SS7B Electric Locomotive. However, there were only two SS7Bs manufactured.

At first, two SS7Bs belong to Kunming Locomotive Depot, Kunming Railway Bureau, later two SS7Bs were transferred to Nanning Locomotive Depot, Nanning Railway Bureau. In 2005, SS7B-0001 was destroyed in an accident which happened in Nanning-Kunming Railway.

SS7B-0002 was transferred to Liuzhou Locomotive Depot in the spring of 2018.

Design 
SS7B is a 25-ton axle heavy freight electric locomotive which based on the SS7 Electric Locomotive. Two SS7Bs' each axis axle load 25 tons.

See also 
 List of locomotives in China
 China Railways SS7
 China Railways SS4C
 China Railways DF7E
 China Railways DF8B

References

External links 
 SS7B Electric Locomotive, CRRC Datong Co., LTD(English)
 SS7B Electric Locomotive, CRRC Datong Co., LTD(Chinese)

Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
SS7B
25 kV AC locomotives
CRRC Datong locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1997
Standard gauge locomotives of China
ComTrade Group. Comtrade Group is a software & IT hardware company based in Belgrade, Serbia with divisional head offices in Boston, Dublin, Amsterdam and Ljubljana. Founded in 1991, its business focuses to developing hardware and large software storage systems for institutions and corporations, as well as core software for online & land-based casinos.

History
Comtrade Group was founded in 1991 by Serbian businessman Veselin Jevrosimović. It designed the first Serbian desktop and notebook in 2006.

In 2015, the company joined CERN openlab as an associate member. In 2016, the firm partnered with Citrix to develop management packs for their platforms. Additionally, ComTrade has the largest artificial intelligence division in South Eastern Europe for now.

Comtrade wrote the code for the warehouse robots used at Amazon.com. It also developed the software infrastructure at Ryanair and various luggage transport systems.

The company has offices in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Ljubljana, Sunnyvale, Boston, Dublin, Budapest, Ireland and the Philippines. In 2008, it acquired the Slovenian software firm Hermes Softlab. In 2014, ComTrade Group launched the Tesla brand of tablets, smartphones, monitors and TVs. In 2016, ComTrade Software, a subsidiary of ComTrade Group, launched its US headquarters in Boston. In 2017, Jevrosimović opened the parent company's 18th office in the city of Dubai, as well as a technology center in Čačak. Comtrade employs 1,200 software engineers and has been a member of the World Economic Forum since 2009.

References

Software companies of Serbia
Computer companies of Serbia
Companies based in Belgrade
Companies established in 1996
1996 establishments in Serbia
Frederick Maxwell. Frederick Maxwell (10 January 1849 – 15 January 1881) was a Scottish former international rugby union player who played for the Royal Engineers rugby union side. He was a Forward.

Rugby union career

Amateur career

Maxwell played rugby for the Royal Engineers.

International career

He was capped once for Scotland. His sole international appearance came in the second international match in 1872 playing against England at The Oval, London.

Cricket career

Maxwell also played cricket for the Royal Engineers in the period 1869 - 1875

References

1849 births
1881 deaths
Rugby union players from Plymouth, Devon
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
Rugby union forwards
Benning Road Power Plant. The Benning Road Power Plant was a power plant owned by PEPCO and located in Washington, D.C. The 19-acre facility was built in 1906, and underwent several changes before being demolished in 2012. The facility was powered by coal until 1976, when it was converted to petroleum. By the early 2000s, the facility was capable of producing 550 megawatts of electricity and operated for an average of 10–15 days per year.

Environmental impact
The plant's location in a largely African American and low-income portion of Northeast, Washington, D.C. raised environmental justice concerns for decades. The Plant produced air pollution that negatively affected neighboring communities. The facility also contributed to water pollution in the neighboring Anacostia River, releasing PCBs, lead, iron, cadmium, zinc, and other hazardous materials into the waterway. In 2011, PEPCO entered into a consent decree with the government of Washington DC due to the company's years of releases of PCBs into the river. In 2017, PEPCO agreed to pay regulators $1.6 million for violations of the Clean Water Act.

Redevelopment
In 2014, the plant was stripped of hazardous materials and then demolished, leaving a 19-acre undeveloped riverfront site in a dense urban area. The facility was extremely close to the Minnesota Avenue station. There have been calls for the site to be converted into a use that is beneficial to the community.

References

Power stations in Washington, D.C.
Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Buildings and structures demolished in 2012
Demolished buildings and structures in Washington, D.C.
Owsley Bridge. Owsley Bridge is a historic bridge spanning the Snake River on the Twin-Gooding county line in southern Idaho, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Description
The bridge located about  south Hagerman, approximately  north of the junction of old U.S. Route 30 (US‑30) and Bell Rapids Road, and was on the former routing of US‑30. It is a cantilevered Warren truss bridge built in 1920–21.

The bridge cost about $127,000 (equivalent to $ million in ). The engineer for the state of Idaho was Charles A. Kyle of the Bureau of Highways, Division of Public Works. The builder was United States Bridge Company of Boise, Idaho; the fabricator was the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1998.

See also

 List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Gooding County, Idaho
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Twin Falls County, Idaho

References

External links

Road bridges in Idaho
National Register of Historic Places in Gooding County, Idaho
National Register of Historic Places in Twin Falls County, Idaho
Buildings and structures completed in 1921
John Couleur. John Francis Couleur (July 7 1925, Chicago – August 25 2007, Scottsdale, Arizona) was an American computer engineer and executive. He was the recipient of over 40 patents.

Early life
During World War II, Couleur enrolled in the V-12 Navy College Training Program.
He graduated summa cum laude from Southern Methodist University in Houston, Texas in 1946. During the Korean War, he served as a lieutenant in the United States Air Force.

Career
Couleur joined the General Electric Company. In 1953, at GE's Heavy Military Electronics Department (HMED) in Syracuse, New York, he served as lead architect on the development of the MISTRAM tracking system for the Atlas Missile. 

Later at GE, he was responsible for the development of the GE-635 computer system. At the request of MIT Project MAC, Couleur and Ted Glaser designed the modifications to turn the 635 system into what became the GE-645 for the Multics Operating System in 1972.

References

1925 births
2007 deaths
Computer architects
General Electric employees
Southern Methodist University alumni
AN/APS-4 search radar. The AN/APS-4, originally known as ASH (air-surface, model H) is an early military air-to-air and air-to-surface radar used by American and British warplanes during World War II.

APS-4 operated in the X band at 3 cm, compared to the 10 cm S band used by most radars of the era. This allowed the antenna to be greatly reduced in size and the unit as a whole to fit into a single streamlined fairing that could be mounted to many aircraft.

In American service it was used on many aircraft, including the Douglas C-47 Skytrain, North American P-82D/F/H Twin Mustang, Vought F4U-2\5N Corsair,  Grumman F6F-3/5 Hellcat, Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver and Grumman TBF-3 and TBM-3S Avenger, and Curtiss SC Seahawk.

In Fleet Air Arm and RAF service it was known as ASV Mark IX and equipped a number of aircraft including the Fairey Firefly, Fairey Barracuda, de Havilland Mosquito and a small number of Grumman Avengers.

Design 
The APS-4 radar is a lightweight air-to-air and air-to-surface radar with a detection range for large ships of about , and about  against aircraft. It could also detect coastline at approximately .

Physically, the APS-4 consists of a control box, one or two indicators, the same number of indicator-amplifiers, an antenna, a transmitter-receiver, and a cable junction box. The antenna and transmitter-receiver were typically housed externally below one wing, in a fiberglass shape that was similar to a Mk 17  bomb. These displays could be set for ranges of 4, 20, 50, and 100 nautical miles (6, 30, 80, and 160 km).  The radar weighed .

The APS-4 broadcast in the X-band with a wavelength of 3 cm. Peak broadcast power varied from 40 to 70 kW according to radar version.  Pulse repetition frequency was adjustable by the operator to either 600 or 1000 pulses per second.

The APS-4 emitted a radio beam in the form of a 6° cone.  The beam could be directed in three modes, manual, search and intercept. In manual mode the beam was aimed by operator control from 10° above, to 30° below the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. In search mode, the radar beam scans through 150° in azimuth, and while doing so would run two lines scans, each separated by 4°.  This caused the beam to cover 10° in a vertical plane. In intercept mode, the beam executes a four-line scan, with 6° between lines, to cover a vertical plane of 24°. Results were displayed on one or two 3-inch displays.

An improved version was called the AN/APS-5. A simplified version for single-seat fighters was called the APS-6.

References 

World War II radars
Aircraft radars
World War II Allied electronics
X band radar
Viper 640. The Viper 640 is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Brian Bennett for racing and first built in 1996.

The Viper 640 is an accepted World Sailing class boat and the official one-design boat of the Gulf Yachting Association for its Capdevielle Series.

Production
The boat was originally built by Viper Boats in the United States and then in 2005 Rondar Raceboats of the United Kingdom was named the official class manufacturer. 400 examples had been completed by 2018.

Design

The Viper 640 was designed to combine the planing performance of a dinghy with the stability of a keelboat. The result  is a small recreational planing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with carbon fiber spars. It has a fractional sloop rig, a plumb stem, an open transom, a transom-hung rudder and a lifting fin daggerboard-style keel, with a weighted bulb, with  of lead ballast. The keel is retained in the down position with two bolts while sailing. The design displaces  and is equipped with an asymmetrical spinnaker of  for downwind sailing.

The boat has a draft of  with the lifting keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat may be optionally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 99 with a high of 111 and low of 96. It has a hull speed of .

Operational history
Cruising World magazine named the design Overall Boat of the Year and top Performance One-Design of 2002, stating "the panelists agreed that the Viper is inherently simple, offers quality construction at a great price, and is extremely fun to sail. An attractive looking boat, the Viper invites a wide range of sailors to an equally wide range of sailing."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Similar boats
Cape 31

References

External links

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Brian Bennett
Sailboat types built by Rondar Raceboats
Sailboat types built by Viper Boats
Cartesian genetic programming. Cartesian genetic programming is a form of genetic programming that uses a graph representation to encode computer programs. It grew from a method of evolving digital circuits developed by Julian F. Miller and Peter Thomson in 1997. The term ‘Cartesian genetic programming’ first appeared in 1999 and was proposed as a general form of genetic programming in 2000. It is called ‘Cartesian’ because it represents a program using a two-dimensional grid of nodes.

Miller's keynote explains how CGP works. He edited a book entitled Cartesian Genetic Programming, published in 2011 by Springer.

The open source project dCGP implements a differentiable version of CGP developed at the European Space Agency by Dario Izzo, Francesco Biscani and Alessio Mereta  able to approach symbolic regression tasks, to find solution to differential equations, find prime integrals of dynamical systems, represent variable topology artificial neural networks and more.

See also 
 Genetic programming
 Gene expression programming
 Grammatical evolution
 Linear genetic programming
 Multi expression programming

References