omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German frigate Köln (F220). Köln (F220) is the lead ship of the s of the German Navy.

Design 

The Type 120 or Köln-class frigates were built as smooth-deckers and had very elegant lines. The very diagonally cut bow and the knuckle ribs in the foredeck made it easy to navigate. The hull and parts of the superstructure were made of shipbuilding steel, other superstructure parts were made of aluminum. Due to the installation of gas turbines, large side air inlets were necessary, which could be closed by lamellas. The stern was designed as a round stern. The large funnel was sloped and skirted. Behind the bridge superstructure stood the tall lattice mast with radar and other antennas. The hull was divided into 13 watertight compartments.

On the forecastle was a 10 cm gun, behind it, set higher, a 4 cm twin gun. Behind it stood two quadruple anti-submarine missile launchers 37.5 cm from Bofors. A 4 cm Bofors single gun on each side of the aft superstructure and another 4 cm double mount at the end of the superstructure. There was a second 10 cm gun on the quarterdeck. In addition, there were two 53.3 cm torpedo tubes behind the front superstructures. They were used to fire Mk-44 torpedoes. Mine rails were laid behind the torpedo tubes and ran to the stern.

Construction and career 
Köln was laid down on 21 December 1957 and launched on 6 December 1958 in Stülcken & Sohn, Germany. She was commissioned on 15 April 1961.

After 21 years of service, she was decommissioned on 17 December 1982 in Wilhelmshaven, where it was initially used for spare parts.

Since 15 November 1989, she has been used as a training hulk at the Naval Damage Control Training Centre (EAZS) in Neustadt. There, crews of the maritime units are trained in fire fighting and leak prevention.

Gallery

Notes

References 

Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
Prézelin, Bernard and A.D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .

Köln-class frigates
1958 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
German frigate Augsburg (F222). Augsburg (F222) is the third ship of the s of the German Navy.

Design 

The Type 120 or Köln-class frigates were built as smooth-deckers and had very elegant lines. The very diagonally cut bow and the knuckle ribs in the foredeck made it easy to navigate. The hull and parts of the superstructure were made of shipbuilding steel, other superstructure parts were made of aluminum. Due to the installation of gas turbines, large side air inlets were necessary, which could be closed by lamellas. The stern was designed as a round stern. The large funnel was sloped and skirted. Behind the bridge superstructure stood the tall lattice mast with radar and other antennas. The hull was divided into 13 watertight compartments.

On the forecastle was a 10 cm gun, behind it, set higher, a 4 cm twin gun. Behind it stood two quadruple anti-submarine missile launchers 37.5 cm from Bofors. A 4 cm Bofors single gun on each side of the aft superstructure and another 4 cm double mount at the end of the superstructure. There was a second 10 cm gun on the quarterdeck. In addition, there were two 53.3 cm torpedo tubes behind the front superstructures. They were used to fire Mk-44 torpedoes. Mine rails were laid behind the torpedo tubes and ran to the stern.

Construction and career 
Augsburg was laid down on 29 October 1958 and launched on 15 August 1959 in Stülcken & Sohn, Germany. She was commissioned on 7 April 1962.

One of the last deployments of the ship was an official visit to the Dutch municipality of Den Helder in 1987. As of October 1 of the same year, the ship was out of service and was decommissioned on 30 August 1988.

After that it was mothballed at naval arsenal Wilhelmshaven and was on sale. The ship was sold for demolition via the Vebeg, towed to Hamburg on 17 November 1989 and scrapped there in December.

Gallery

References 

Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
Prézelin, Bernard and A.D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .

External links 

 Fregatte Augsburg F222 (in German) 

Köln-class frigates
1959 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
German frigate Karlsruhe (F223). Karlsruhe (F223) is the fourth ship of the s of the German Navy.

Design 

The Type 120 or Köln-class frigates were built as smooth-deckers and had very elegant lines. The very diagonally cut bow and the knuckle ribs in the foredeck made it easy to navigate. The hull and parts of the superstructure were made of shipbuilding steel, other superstructure parts were made of aluminum. Due to the installation of gas turbines, large side air inlets were necessary, which could be closed by lamellas. The stern was designed as a round stern. The large funnel was sloped and skirted. Behind the bridge superstructure stood the tall lattice mast with radar and other antennas. The hull was divided into 13 watertight compartments.

On the forecastle was a 10 cm gun, behind it, set higher, a 4 cm twin gun. Behind it stood two quadruple anti-submarine missile launchers 37.5 cm from Bofors. A 4 cm Bofors single gun on each side of the aft superstructure and another 4 cm double mount at the end of the superstructure. There was a second 10 cm gun on the quarterdeck. In addition, there were two 53.3 cm torpedo tubes behind the front superstructures. They were used to fire Mk-44 torpedoes. Mine rails were laid behind the torpedo tubes and ran to the stern.

Construction and career 
Karlsruhe was laid down on 29 October 1958 and launched on 15 August 1959 in Stülcken & Sohn, Germany. She was commissioned on 7 April 1962.

The Karlsruhe was sold to Turkish Navy after active service in the German Navy, and, since 28 March 1983, it sailed there under the Turkish flag as the destroyer Gazi Osman Pasa with the identification D-360.

In 1984, it was renamed Gelibolu but kept the Identification D-360. Her last decommissioning took place on 27 June 1994.

Gallery

References 

 Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
 Prézelin, Bernard and A.D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .

Köln-class frigates
1959 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
German frigate Braunschweig (F225). Braunschweig (F225) is the sixth ship of the s of the German Navy.

Design 

The Type 120 or Köln-class frigates were built as smooth-deckers and had very elegant lines. The very diagonally cut bow and the knuckle ribs in the foredeck made it easy to navigate. The hull and parts of the superstructure were made of shipbuilding steel, other superstructure parts were made of aluminum. Due to the installation of gas turbines, large side air inlets were necessary, which could be closed by lamellas. The stern was designed as a round stern. The large funnel was sloped and skirted. Behind the bridge superstructure stood the tall lattice mast with radar and other antennas. The hull was divided into 13 watertight compartments.

On the forecastle was a 10 cm gun, behind it, set higher, a 4 cm twin gun. Behind it stood two quadruple anti-submarine missile launchers 37.5 cm from Bofors. A 4 cm Bofors single gun on each side of the aft superstructure and another 4 cm double mount at the end of the superstructure. There was a second 10 cm gun on the quarterdeck. In addition, there were two 53.3 cm torpedo tubes behind the front superstructures. They were used to fire Mk-44 torpedoes. Mine rails were laid behind the torpedo tubes and ran to the stern.

Construction and career 
Braunschweig was laid down on 28 July 1960 and launched on 3 February 1962 in Stülcken & Sohn, Germany. She was commissioned on 16 June 1964.

She was decommissioned in 1989 and handed over to the Turkish Navy as a spare parts supplier for two sister ships used there (ex-Emden and ex-Karlsruhe). After her sister ship Emden fell victim to a fire as Gemlik, the former Braunschweig was put into service under the name Gemlik for the Turkish Navy in 1992 and continued to do active service for a few years.

Gallery

References 

Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
Prézelin, Bernard and A.D. Baker III. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1990/1991. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1990. .

External links 

 Fregatte Braunschweig F225

Köln-class frigates
1962 ships
Ships built in Hamburg
Two Eagles Balloon. The Two Eagles Balloon is a custom balloon designed to break world records. A January 2015 launch from Japan toward North America has officially broken two world records as validated by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.

Development
The balloon was developed by a crew which included members of Steve Fossett's Spirit of Freedom balloon crew. The balloon was initially developed for a 2005 and later 2008 flight attempt by Troy Bradley using the name Celestial Eagle with a crew including Tim Cole, Bert Padelt and John Kugler. The launch 2008 attempt from Japan was canceled due to weather that would have placed the balloon in storms off California and jet streams which may have altered path to Alaska.

Design
The 100 kg Kevlar-Carbon fiber capsule was built by Composite Tooling in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The 7ftx5ft capsule carries 10,000 lb in ballast. The gondola is outfitted with a wide angle GoPro camera.

The unpressurized cockpit requires pilots to use supplemental oxygen above 12,000 ft altitude. The insulated gondola temperature is expected to have an operating temperature of 50 degrees F. Members of the Cognitive Engineering Research Institute in Mesa, Arizona will study fatigue effects during the record-attempting flight.

To slow down for landing, ropes will be dropped into the ocean to create drag prior to a planned landing on a sand dune. Lower sections of the gondola can be flooded with water for stability in a water landing.

Operational history
January 25, 2015 - Pilots Troy Bradley of the United States and Leonid Tiukhtyaev of Russia launch from Saga Prefecture, Japan on a record setting attempt. The initial planned route sets a landing spot in Canada. The Anderson-Abruzzo Albuquerque International Balloon Museum is used as mission control for the attempt.
January 2015 - The Two Eagles Balloon broke the unofficial world record for distance traveled in a gas balloon, exceeding 5,260 miles set by the Double Eagle V.
29 January 2015 - The planned landing location shifts to Baja, Mexico.
January 30, 2015 - The unofficial record for time aloft in a gas balloon of 137 hours, 5 minutes and 50 seconds set in 1978 by the Double Eagle II is exceeded by the Two Eagles Balloon team.
The Two Eagles crew landed the balloon in the ocean four miles off the Baja coast on 31 January 2015. The time aloft was six days, 160 hours and 37 minutes with 6,656 miles traveled.
July 15, 2015 - FAI ratifies record attempts. Official time aloft is 160 h 34 min, distance is 10,711.6 km.

Specifications

References

Further reading
Double Eagle II
Double Eagle V

External links
Two Eagles web site
Two Eagles launch in Japan
YouTube article
Special report about the flight Leonid Tiukhtyaev and Troy Bradley on Two Eagles Balloon

Balloons (aeronautics)
Fletcher Aluminium Ltd v O'Sullivan. Fletcher Aluminium Ltd v O'Sullivan [2001] 2 NZLR 731 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding that a restrictive covenant in a business sale may be enforceable even if there is no goodwill involved.

Background
O'Sullivan developed some aluminum windows. Fletcher Aluminium, interested in the designs, entered into an agreement with him to purchase the designs for $1.7 million, as well as giving him a job as a franchise manager. Part of the agreement included a restraint of trade clause.

Later, O'Sullivan undertook employment from a rival firm, and Fletchers sought to enforce the restraint of trade agreement.

Held
The court granted the restraint of trade injunction.

References

Court of Appeal of New Zealand cases
New Zealand contract case law
2001 in case law
2001 in New Zealand law
SAB AB-80. The SAB AB-80 was a French bomber built in 1934 by the Société Aérienne Bordelaise (SAB) in Bordeaux.

Design
The SAB AB-80 was a high-wing monoplane bomber development that was intended to eventually also carry troops. It was built wholly of metal and was powered by two  Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs engines.

The aircraft had roofed fighting platforms and the sides were protected by armour plate and bulletproof glass. The gunner's cockpit in the nose had many windows, giving full visibility. It had a non-retractable tailwheel undercarriage.

Development
The first flight of the AB-80 took place on 23 June 1934. Only one unit was built.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

Airwar - AB-80
RCgroups - SAB AB-80 picture

Société Aérienne Bordelaise
1930s French bomber aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Hirsch H.100. The Hirsch or Hirsch-MAéRC H.100 is an experimental aircraft, built in France in the 1950s to test an aerodynamic gust suppression system. The system worked but was not further developed.

Design and development
René Hirsch had been working on aerodynamic methods that would stabilize an aircraft meeting a gust since 1936 and had set up a company to this end, Moyens aérodynamiques de regulation et de contrôle (MAéRC) ().  Making its first flight on 15 June 1954, the H.100 incorporated the results of his research but was MAéRC's only aircraft.

Control systems apart, the H.100 was a fairly conventional twin engine, wooden aircraft, with a cantilever low wing of trapezoidal plan.  The fuselage was strikingly clean aerodynamically, with only gradual changes of cross-section from nose to tail. Behind the pilot's transparency there were three starboard and two port side windows. The horizontal surfaces, mounted on top of the fuselage, had both a high aspect ratio and marked dihedral. Originally the vertical tail was rounded and quite small but during development a large, straight tapered ventral fin was added.

The H.100 had a tall, rearward retracting  tricycle undercarriage. The main legs retracted into extensions of the engine fairings beyond the wing trailing edge.

Little detail about the stabilization system is recorded. It is known that the horizontal tail surfaces were hinged to allow the dihedral to change and that such motions were coupled to lift-changing flaps. Together, these stabilized pitch. The wing tips could rotate to control roll. The system was pneumatically powered and could be turned on and off in flight to test its efficiency.

On its first flight and for early tests, the H.100 was powered by two  Régnier 4EO four cylinder inverted air-cooled engines. The aircraft was damaged in a take-off accident on 3 September 1955 and during a prolonged rebuild the Régnier's were replaced with much more powerful  Lycoming O-360 flat-four engines. It flew with these engines in 1962.

Test flights reportedly showed satisfactory results but, with investment lacking, nothing further resulted. The H.100 made its last flight on 16 June 1971, having flown for a total of 130 hours. In that year it was donated to the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, at Le Bourget, Paris, It remains on display there.

Specifications (Régnier engines)

See also
List of experimental aircraft

References

1950s French experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1954
Low-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
CenterPoint Intermodal Center. CenterPoint Intermodal Center is an intermodal freight terminal located in Elwood, Illinois.  It is the largest inland port in North America.

The Intermodal Center includes a 785-acre Union Pacific Railroad complex just south of Joliet and a 770-acre BNSF Railway complex further to the southwest.  The facility's location was formerly part of the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant.  Construction of the Intermodal Center began as part of the Joliet Arsenal redevelopment effort after 2000.  The village of Elwood supported this with $150 million of TIF funding.

Local concerns
As the freight traffic from Centerpoint grew, neighboring communities began to complain of safety, traffic and noise impacts.  In 2014 the Village of Elwood attempted to enforce designated truck routes, but Centerpoint fought this in court.

Elwood has also sued Centerpoint regarding the use of their TIF funds, claiming that the project has generated less revenue and fewer jobs than promised.  Mayor Bill Offerman explained, "Instead of a vibrant retail base, good-paying jobs and needed tax dollars that it promised, CenterPoint has given us a barrage of heavy truck traffic that puts residents in harm's way, low-paying warehouse jobs that make it impossible for middle-class families to live on and a mere fraction of the revenue it touted (the village) would receive in return."

References

Container terminals
Rail infrastructure in Illinois
Thomas Greytak. Thomas Greytak is the Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics, emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His areas of research include experimental low temperature condensed matter physics and superfluid systems. Currently, he is working with Daniel Kleppner on research concerning ultra cooled atomic hydrogen.

All of his academic degrees are from MIT (SB and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering (1963) and a PhD in Physics (1967)).

He was married to Elizabeth Bardeen, daughter of Nobel Laureate, John Bardeen.

References

MIT School of Engineering alumni
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Crash Override. Crash Override may refer to:

 "Crash Override", the protagonist's alias in the 1995 American crime film Hackers
 The Crash Override Network, a support group (founded 2015) for victims of large scale online abuse
 Crashoverride, a malware framework presumed to have been used in the 2016 cyberattack on Ukraine's power grid
 Crash Override (book), a 2017 memoir by Zoë Quinn of the Crash Override Network
Société Aérienne Bordelaise. The Société Aérienne Bordelaise (; SAB) was an aircraft manufacturing company based in Bordeaux, France. The predecessor company, Société de Travaux Dyle et Bacalan had been founded in 1879.

History
The Société Aérienne Bordelaise was established in 1930 when the Société de Travaux Dyle et Bacalan, which had specialized mainly in railways, public works and shipbuilding, decided to establish a branch dedicated to aeronautical construction. Most of the aircraft built by SAB remained in the project stage and no production followed.

In 1935 the Société Aérienne Bordelaise, like most private French aviation industries was nationalized, following which in 1936 it became part of the Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du sud-ouest (SNCASO).

Aircraft 
 SAB-SEMA 10 (Societé Aérienne Bordelaise – Societé d'Etudes de Materiel d'Aviation)
 SAB-SEMA 12 (Societé Aérienne Bordelaise – Societé d'Etudes de Materiel d'Aviation)
 SAB AB-20
 SAB AB-21
 SAB AB-22
 SAB AB-80 
 SAB DB-80
 SAB DB-81
 SAB LH-70 (a.k.a. Lorraine Hanriot LH-70)
 SAB turret bomber (at least two built / converted with VERY large turrets)

References

External links

Airwar - AB-80
Le Trait d'Union - l'Aéronautique a Bacalan

 
Gironde
Defunct aircraft manufacturers of France
French companies established in 1930
ThorCon nuclear reactor. The Thorcon nuclear reactor is a design of a molten salt reactor with a graphite moderator, proposed by the US-based Thorcon company. These nuclear reactors are designed as part of a floating power plant, to be manufactured on an assembly line in a shipyard, and to be delivered via barge to any ocean or major waterway shoreline, similar to the US's MH-1A from 1968 and the Russian Akademik Lomonosov operating since 2020. The reactors are to be delivered as a sealed unit and never opened on site. All reactor maintenance and fuel processing is done at an off-site location. As of 2022, no reactor of this type has been built. A  prototype of 500 MW (TMSR-500) output should be activated in Indonesia  by 2029.

Design

ThorCon has proposed a power station closely based on the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment in the 1960s, claiming that its design requires no new technology. The power station would contain two 250 MWe small modular reactors. The replaceable reactors are to be removed and replaced every four years. As molten salt reactors, they are designed for the use of fuel in liquid form, which also serves as primary coolant. The fuel would be about 20% enriched uranium tetrafluoride and thorium tetrafluoride. The ThorCon design is a floating power station to be built in a shipyard and then towed to the location of operation.

Safety 

Thorcon claims that this reactor design will be safer than traditional nuclear reactors. The design includes several features intended to prevent meltdowns, contain radioactive materials, and protect from terrorism and sabotage.

Reviews

A 2017 study by the Energy Innovation Reform Project looked at the ThorCon and concluded that "if power plants featuring these technologies are able to produce electricity at the average LCOE price projected here (much less the low-end estimate), it would have a significant impact on electricity markets."

See also
 Thorium fuel cycle
 Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
 Thorium Energy Alliance

References

External links
 ThorCon official website

Nuclear power reactor types
Nuclear power
Nuclear energy
Thorium
Molten salt reactors