omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Imagix 4D. Imagix 4D is a source code analysis tool from Imagix Corporation, used primarily for understanding, documenting, and evolving existing C, C++ and Java software.

Applied technologies include full semantic source analysis. Software visualization supports program comprehension. Static data flow analysis-based verifications detect problems in variable usage, task interactions and concurrency.  Software metrics measure design quality and identify potential testing and maintenance issues.

See also
 Rational Rose
 Rigi
 Software visualization
 List of tools for static code analysis
 Sourcetrail

References

Use inside SEI's ARMIN Architecture Reconstruction and Mining Tool
Use inside Bosch's Model-Centric Software Architecture Reconstruction

External links
Imagix Corp. website

Code navigation tools
Static program analysis tools
Software metrics
Documentation generators
Hydrofluoroether. Hydrofluoroethers (HFE) are a class of organic solvents. As non-ozone-depleting chemicals, they were developed originally as a replacement for CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, and PFCs. They are typically colorless, odorless, tasteless, low toxicity, low viscosity, and liquid at room temperature. The boiling point of HFEs vary from 50 °C to nearly 100 °C. Although 3M first developed HFEs, other manufacturers have begun producing them.

Applications
Industrial uses are many and varied, including:
 Vapor de-greasing solvent
 Refrigerant and heat-transfer fluid
 Anhydrous fluid cleaner
They are sometimes applied as blends such as HFE 7100, which is a mixture of methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (methoxyperfluorobutane) and methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether.

3M produces hydrofluoroether compounds under the names Novec 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7500, and 7700 as liquid coolants for many applications including full immersion cooling of computer electronics.

Environmental Impact
Due to high molecular weights, HFEs remain in the atmosphere for less than two weeks, being absorbed into the ground rather than remaining dissolved in the atmosphere. Although HFEs are greenhouse gases, the EPA does not regulate their use due to the short atmospheric lifetimes and zero ozone depletion potential compared to alternative chemicals.

See also
Immersion cooling
Liquid dielectric
Novec 649 and 774
Fluorinert

External links
Heat transfer applications using 3M Novec Engineered Fluids

References

Coolants
Ethers
Liquid dielectrics
Organofluorides
Charles E. Cassell. Charles Emmett Cassell (April 26, 1838 – August 29, 1916) was a Baltimore, Maryland-based architect.

Biography 
He was born in Portsmouth, Virginia and trained as a naval architect. He received a degree in engineering from the University of Virginia at age 15. During the Civil War he served as a captain in the engineers corps, under General George Pickett of the Confederate States Army. After the war, he traveled to South America and served in the Chilean Navy. He returned to the United States and practiced architecture in St. Louis, Missouri before coming to Baltimore about 1868. He was a founding member of the Baltimore Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1870. He was known for his Romanesque Revival architecture style. He became an AIA fellow in 1905. In 1905, he had established Charles E. Cassell & Son in Baltimore, Maryland. His son John Cassell, died in 1909 from influenza. Following this, he occasionally associated with his nephew in Norfolk, Virginia under the office name of Cassell & Cassell. He is buried in his family’s lot at Cedar Grove Cemetery in Portsmouth, Virginia.

Selected works

 The naval waterworks at Old Point Comfort, Virginia
 Country house for Albert Hutzler
 Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, as a contributing building in the Onancock Historic District, Onancock, Virginia. 
 1881: Immanuel Chapel, Virginia Theological Seminary
 1883: Christ Episcopal Church and Cemetery (Cambridge, Maryland), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. 
 1885: The Chapel, University of Virginia
 1894: Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, Elkins, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
 1894: The Stafford Hotel in Baltimore
 1899: Stewart's Department Store, Baltimore, Maryland, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
 1904: Chamber of Commerce Building (Baltimore, Maryland), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
 1911: First Church of Christ, Scientist (Baltimore, Maryland), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

External links

Brexton Renaissance, biography of Charles E. Cassell

1842 births
1916 deaths
19th-century American architects
Architects from Baltimore
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
People from Portsmouth, Virginia
Romanesque Revival architects
Bromine dioxide. Bromine dioxide is the chemical compound composed of bromine and oxygen with the formula BrO2. It forms unstable yellow to yellow-orange crystals. It was first isolated by R. Schwarz and M. Schmeißer in 1937 and is hypothesized to be important in the atmospheric reaction of bromine with ozone.
It is similar to chlorine dioxide, the dioxide of its halogen neighbor one period higher on the periodic table.



Reactions
Bromine dioxide is formed when an electric current is passed through a mixture of bromine and oxygen gases at low temperature and pressure.

Bromine dioxide can also be formed by the treatment of bromine gas with ozone in trichlorofluoromethane at −50 °C.

When mixed with a base, bromine dioxide gives the bromide and bromate anions:
6 BrO2 + 6 NaOH → NaBr + 5 NaBrO3 + 3 H2O

References

Bromine compounds
Oxides
Substances discovered in the 1930s
Caesium monoxide. Caesium monoxide or caesium oxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest and most common oxide of the caesium. It forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals.

Uses
Caesium oxide is used in photocathodes to detect infrared signals in devices such as image intensifiers, vacuum photodiodes, photomultipliers, and TV camera tubes
L. R. Koller described the first modern photoemissive surface in 1929–1930 as a layer of caesium on a layer of caesium oxide on a layer of silver. It is a good electron emitter; however, its high vapor pressure limits its usefulness.

Reactions
Elemental magnesium reduces caesium oxide to elemental caesium, forming magnesium oxide as a side-product:

 is hygroscopic, forming the corrosive CsOH on contact with water.

References

Caesium compounds
Oxides
Neodymium(III) oxide. Neodymium(III) oxide or neodymium sesquioxide is the chemical compound composed of neodymium and oxygen with the formula Nd2O3. It forms very light grayish-blue hexagonal crystals. The rare-earth mixture didymium, previously believed to be an element, partially consists of neodymium(III) oxide.

Uses
Neodymium(III) oxide is used to dope glass, including sunglasses, to make solid-state lasers, and to color glasses and enamels. Neodymium-doped glass turns purple due to the absorbance of yellow and green light, and is used in welding goggles. Some neodymium-doped glass is dichroic; that is, it changes color depending on the lighting. One kind of glass named for the mineral alexandrite appears blue in sunlight and red in artificial light.
About 7000 tonnes of neodymium(III) oxide are produced worldwide each year. Neodymium(III) oxide is also used as a polymerization catalyst.

Reactions
Neodymium(III) oxide is formed when neodymium(III) nitride or neodymium(III) hydroxide is roasted in air.

Structure
Neodymium(III) oxide has a low-temperature trigonal A form in space group Pm1. This structure type is favoured by the early lanthanides. At higher temperatures it adopts two other forms, the hexagonal H form in space group P63/mmc and the cubic X form in Imm. The high-temperature forms exhibit crystallographic disorder.

References

Neodymium(III) compounds
Sesquioxides
Scheugenpflug. Scheugenpflug AG is a manufacturer of adhesive bonding, dispensing, and potting systems for synthetic resins or thermally conductive pastes. In this segment, only few enterprises of super-regional importance are active in the whole world. Target industries include the automotive and electronics industry, telecommunications engineering, medical technology, and the chemical industry.

Development
It was founded in 1990 by Erich Scheugenpflug, who gained his first experience in resin casting as an employee of Siemens AG in Munich. Over the years, the enterprise accomplished a leading role in the market for resin dispensing systems by gaining special know-how, demonstrated by numerous patents.

Over the years, it became evident that manufacturing steps before and after the casting had to be integrated into the design of resin casting systems to optimize the whole process. This caused the addition of automation to the range of products.

Because the company is active not only in the highly industrialized countries of Europe and USA, but also in emerging markets like India or Mexico, it was necessary to adapt the degree of automation of the delivered systems and machines to the level of wages and the skills of the employees. This resulted in the creation of preconfigured modular compounds that can be put together quickly to form individually designed systems.

In 2017, Scheugenpflug AG operated four subsidiaries in China, USA and Mexico and had sales partners in many parts of the world. The company employed more than 470 people worldwide, of which about 370 worked in the German headquarters.

Since 2020, Scheugenpflug belongs to the Atlas Copco enterprise, Sweden. In September 2020, the legal form of the Scheugenpflug AG was changed into a GmbH.

Products

Scheugenpflug AG mainly produces piston dispensing systems. The product portfolio features various dispensers and dispensing cells for both atmospheric dispensing and vacuum potting.

The company also manufactures a variety of material preparation and feeding systems for liquid and pasty materials, even for such containing highly abrasive fillers. These systems are designed for container sizes ranging from standard cartridges to barrels. A patented vacuum follower plate was designed to facilitate the material feed from pails while reducing material waste.

In the area of process automation, Scheugenpflug provides all systems along the whole production chain, ranging from pretreatment, to dispensing and potting units to aftertreatment, including control and handling systems for the parts to be potted.

References

Manufacturing companies of Germany
Companies based in Bavaria
Gary S. Grest. Gary S. Grest is an American computational physicist at Sandia National Laboratories.  

He was awarded a B.Sc in physics (1971), an M.S in physics (1973) and a Ph.D in physics (1974) by the Louisiana State University. His interest is the theory and simulation of nanoscale phenomena.

Since 1998 he has been a member of the technical staff of Sandia Laboratories, since 2009 an adjunct professor in department of chemistry, Clemson University and since 2013 a Distinguished Sandia National Laboratories Professor in the department of chemical and biological engineering, University of New Mexico. 

He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 "for contributions to the understanding of the kinetics of domain growth, amorphous glasses, disordered magnets, and polymer dynamics"  He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2008.

He received the Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics from the American Physical Society in 2008 for his work in computational physics  and the American Physical Society Polymer Physics Prize in 2011.

References

21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Louisiana State University alumni
University of New Mexico faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Computational physicists
Sandia National Laboratories people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Platelayer. A platelayer (British English), fettler (British English – UK, Australia, NZ) or trackman (American English) is a railway employee who inspects and maintains the permanent way of a railway, usually under the charge of a foreman called (in UK, Australia and NZ) the "ganger". The term "platelayer" derives from the plates used to build plateways, an early form of railway.

Track inspection 
Inspecting and maintaining the track, including all its component parts such as rails, sleepers, fishplates, bolts, etc., are the chief responsibility of the platelayer.  Their duties include greasing points, and generally watching for wear and tear. When sections of track require complete replacement, larger teams of platelayers work together, and today employ a range of labour-saving machinery for many of the tasks traditionally undertaken by hand by platelayers.

Platelayers' hut

United Kingdom
In British usage the term platelayers' hut refers to a lineside shelter in which a platelayer would historically be based. In the heyday of steam railway operation a platelayer might be assigned to each mile or two miles of track, with a platelayers' hut as his shelter and working base. He would regularly patrol his section of track. In modern railway operation platelayers tend to operate in mobile teams, but the lineside of the British railway network still includes a large number of abandoned and generally dilapidated platelayers' huts. As platelayers usually work in gangs, the head and assistant are known as Railway Ganger and Assistant Ganger. Platelayers' huts were generally a single room, immediately adjacent to the running lines, equipped with a table, chairs, and a simple stove for heating.

Sweden
In Sweden, each railway employed a number of platelayers with the responsibility for the maintenance of a designated part of the line. Instead of working from huts, they lived in cottages along the line (banvaktsstugor, singular banvaktsstuga). These cottages were usually designed to match the stations in architectural design. Each cottage would typically have a couple of rooms and a kitchen, and the platelayers often kept a cow or chicken, as well as growing vegetables and fruit. The platelayer system was finally dismantled in the 1950s, but many cottages still stand, typically used for holiday purposes.

Gallery

References

Platelayer
Paul Bernard Dilworth. Paul Bernard Dilworth (31 January 1915 – 18 February 2007) was an influential Canadian aeronautical engineer and the founder of Dilworth Secord and Meagher Associates Ltd. (DSMA).

As an employee of the National Research Council (NRC) in Ottawa, Dilworth was an executive member of the team involved in England's first jet engine tests in 1942.  He served as manager of the NRC Cold Weather Test Site located at Stevensen Field in Winnipeg from September 1943 until May 1946.

In 1946 Paul transferred to Turbo Research, a crown corporation, which was transferred to private industry later that year, purchased by A.V Roe Canada. Paul became the chief engineer in A.V. Roe's gas turbine division where Orenda Engines were developed. He worked on the engine design of the Avro Canada CF-103 (predecessor to the Avro Arrow) for Orenda.

In 1952 he created Paul Dilworth & Company, which in 1958 became Dilworth Secord and Meagher Associates Ltd., or DSMA, an engineering consulting firm of international scale.

Honours and legacy
Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame (2000)

References
 Oswald, Mary, They Led the Way, Wetaskiwin: Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame, 1999. 
 James, Melbourne V., Make The Wind Blow, Heirloom Publishing Inc., 2001.

External links
Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame

1915 births
2007 deaths
Canadian aerospace engineers
Engineers from Toronto
Steven Gwon Sheng Louie. Steven Gwon Sheng Louie (26 March 1949, Taishan, Guangdong, China) is a computational condensed-matter physicist. He is a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley and senior faculty scientist in the Materials Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research focuses on nanoscience. He is also scientific director of the Theory of Nanostructured Materials Facility at the Molecular Foundry.

He was born in Taishan, Guangdong province, China in 1949 and moved to San Francisco when he was 10. His Chinese name is 雷干城 (pinyin: Léi Gānchéng). He received his PhD degree in 1976 from Berkeley, working with Professor Marvin L. Cohen.

Honors 
 1986 Fellow of the American Physical Society
 1996 Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics (American Physical Society)
 1999 Davisson-Germer Prize in Surface Physics (American Physical Society)
 2003 Richard P. Feynman Prize in Molecular Nanotechnology (Foresight Institute)
 2005 Elected to National Academy of Sciences
 2009 Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 2015 Materials Theory Award (Materials Research Society)

References

External links 
 Research group website
 Google profile

1949 births
Living people
People from Taishan, Guangdong
Scientists from San Francisco
People's Republic of China emigrants to the United States
21st-century American physicists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Computational physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Pace count beads. Pace count beads or ranger beads are a manual counting tool used to keep track of distance traveled through a pace count. It is used in military land navigation or orienteering. A typical example for military use is keeping track of distance traveled during a foot patrol.

Description
The tool is usually constructed using a set of 13 beads on a length of cord. The beads are divided into two sections, separated by a knot. Nine beads are used in the lower section, and four or more beads are used in the upper section. There is often a loop in the upper end, making it possible to attach the tool to the user's gear with a simple Larks head hitch.

Usage
The beads can be used to count paces or a distance calculated from the number of paces. Both methods require the user to know the relationship between the paces walked, and the distance traveled. There are two main ways to use the beads. One is to represent the distance a person has walked, and the other is to represent the distance they need to walk. In the latter, beads may be used to count down the distance to a destination.

Counting paces
As users walk, they typically slide one bead on the cord for every ten paces taken. On the tenth pace, the user slides a bead in the lower section towards the knot. After the 90th pace, all nine beads are against the knot. On the 100th pace, all nine beads in the lower section are returned away from the knot, and a bead from the upper section is slid upwards, away from the knot.

In this manner, the user calculates the distance traveled by keeping track of the paces taken. To use this method, the user must know the length of their pace to calculate the distance accurately traveled. Also, the number of paces to be walked must be precalculated (example: 2,112 paces= one mile, based on a 30-inch pace), and then the distance traveled has to be calculated from the walked paces.

Distance walked
For every 100 meters the user walks, one of the lower beads is pulled down. When the ninth of the lower beads is pulled, the user has walked 900 meters. When the user has walked 1000 meters, one of the upper beads is pulled down, and all the lower beads are pulled back up.

Using this method, the user must know the number of paces walked in 100 meters. An experienced user can also adapt the pace count for each hundred meter depending on the terrain. When using this method, the user does not have to calculate distance from the number of paces.

This method can, of course, be used for non-metric distances as well, though with the beads arranged in a different manner.

References

Beadwork
Length, distance, or range measuring devices
Mechanical calculators
Military personal equipment
Navigational equipment
Numeral systems
Daniel D. Joseph. Daniel Donald Joseph (March 26, 1929 – May 24, 2011) was an American mechanical engineer. He was the Regents Professor Emeritus and Russell J. Penrose Professor Emeritus of Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Minnesota. He was widely known for his research in fluid dynamics.

Academic career
Joseph received his Masters in Sociology from the University of Chicago in 1950. He received his B.S. (1959), M.S. (1960), and Ph.D. (1963) degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology. Joseph started his academic career as an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1962. In the following year he joined University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics. He was named full Professor in 1968.

Joseph's interests included stability of fluid flow, irrotational motions of viscous and viscoelastic fluids, and direct numerical simulations of solid–liquid flows. He has been listed as an ISI Highly Cited Author in Engineering by the ISI Web of Knowledge, Thomson Scientific Company.

Honors and awards
G. I. Taylor Medal, Society of Engineering Science, 1990
Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 1990
Member of the National Academy of Sciences, 1991 
Bingham Medal of the Society of Rheology, 1993
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993
Timoshenko Medal, 1995
Fluid Dynamics Prize, American Physical Society, 1999

Books
 1976: Stability of Fluid Motions, I and II, Springer-Verlag, New York 
 1993: (wilth Y. Renardy) Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics. Part 1: Mathematical Theory and Applications, Springer-Verlag, New York
 1993: (with Y. Renardy) Fundamentals of Two-Fluid Dynamics: Part 2: Lubricated Transport, Drops and Miscible Liquids, Springer-Verlag, New York 
 1997: Elementary Stability and Bifurcation Theory, 2nd ed., Springer 
 2007: Fluid Dynamics of Viscoelastic Liquids, Springer (2007). 
 2007: (with Funada, T., and Wang, J.) Potential Flows of Viscous and Viscoelastic Liquids, Cambridge University Press

References

1929 births
2011 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
American fluid dynamicists
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Chicago alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
ToFeT. ToFeT is a kinetic Monte Carlo electronic model of molecular films, able to simulate the time-of-flight experiment (ToF), field-effect transistors (FeTs).  As its input, ToFeT takes a description of the film at a molecular level: a description of the position of all molecules and the interactions between them. As its output, ToFeT produces electrical characteristics such as mobilities, JV curves, and transient photocurrents. ToFeT thus allows the microscopic properties of a film to be related to its macroscopic electronic properties.

ToFeT is an open-source project, used by academic and industrial groups around the world.  The current focus in ToFeT's development is to treat a wider range of materials systems, and reproduce a wider range of experimental measurements.

In Hebrew, the word "Tofet" stands for "inferno, scene of horror; hell", thus providing a fitting indication to the complexity of the module.

References

External links
 ToFeT home-page

Monte Carlo molecular modelling software
Monte Carlo software