omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mark XVI. Mark XVI or Mark 16 often refers to the 16th version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk." 

Mark XVI or Mark 16 may refer to:

Technology
De Havilland Mosquito B Mk XVI, the most numerous Mosquito bomber variant with 1,200 built
De Havilland Mosquito PR Mk XVI, a photo-reconnaissance variant
Vickers Wellington C Mk XVI, a service conversion into an unarmed transport aircraft
Supermarine Spitfire Mk XVI (1943); identical to Spitfire Mk IX but with a licence-built Packard Merlin engine
Supermarine Spitfire F Mk 16; high speed Griffon-powered conversion of the Spitfire Mk XIV — two built
Bristol Hercules Mk XVI, a British 14-cylinder, 1675 hp radial aircraft engine
Bristol Taurus Mk XVI, a British 14-cylinder, 1130 hp radial aircraft engine
Mark 16 6-inch/47-caliber gun, US naval gun in triple mount configuration, used on light cruisers
Mark 16 torpedo (1945), common US Navy submarine anti-shipping torpedo in service until the mid-1970s
5"/54 caliber Mark 16 gun (1945), an American deck gun used by Japanese and US naval forces in the 1950s
Mark 16 nuclear bomb (1954); a large, experimental American weapon design that used cryogenic liquid deuterium as fusion fuel
QF 4 in (102 mm L/45) Mark XVI, a British naval quick-firing gun
CP Mk.XVI, a mounting for the BL 6 in L/45 Mark XII naval gun
Mark XVI, a British moored naval contact mine for laying in 100 fathoms or less
Colt Mk16 Mod 4 automatic cannon, derived from the Hispano-Suiza HS.404 for boats of the Mobile Riverine Force in Vietnam
Mk-16, a launcher for the naval RGM-84 Boeing Harpoon missile
FN SCAR-L, Mk 16 Mod 0, a 5.56mm assault rifle used by US Special Operations

Other uses
 Mark 16 or Mark XVI, the 16th and final chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
 International Watch Company (IWC) Mark XVI, an automatic Pilot's watch introduced in 2006.
DRG Class 99.19. The DRG Class 99.19 engines were metre gauge, ten-coupled, superheated, steam locomotives that were employed in the southwestern German state of Württemberg from 1927.

In fact this class was to have been procured by the Royal Württemberg State Railways (Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen) as the Class Ts 5, however the intervention of the First World War and the serious economic situation that followed put paid to that.

In 1927 the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft ordered the construction of four of these locomotives from the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen. They were based on a Saxon VI K prototype that already ran on Württemberg's 750mm routes and replaced some ancient Klose locomotives that worked the metre gauge route between Altensteig and Nagold. They were given operating numbers 99 191 to 99 194.

To negotiate the tight curves the first, third and fifth axles were given side play.

Engine number 99 191 was redeployed on 1 April 1944 to work the line between Eisfeld and Schönbrunn. In 1955 it was used in Gera. In the 1970s there was a plan to sell it to a museum railway, but the sale did not come to fruition and the engine was scrapped.

Locomotive number 99 192 was retired on 5 May 1959. Number 99 193 was retired on 30 November 1967 and was transferred into the ownership of EUROVAPOR, where it is used on the Blonay-Chamby museum railway in Switzerland. It was still there in 2007. There are various accounts of the whereabouts of 99 194. It probably ended up in Yugoslavia after the Second World War and was in service there until the late 1960s with the Yugoslav Railways (JŽ).

The engines could hold 2.5 tonnes of coal and 4.66 m3 of water.

See also 
 Deutsche Reichsbahn
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References 

99.019
0-10-0T locomotives
99.19
Railway locomotives introduced in 1927
Metre gauge steam locomotives
E h2t locomotives
Freight locomotives
Flower robot. In home automation systems and robotics, a flower robot is a simple electromechanical device with the appearance of a common flower, with components such as stem and leaves. First developed by Berufsbildende Schule 1 Kaiserslautern in 2006 and later by Carnegie Mellon University in 2007, flower robots are used as intelligent home appliances, with capabilities such as sensing, simple actuation for movements, and effectors such as lights or humidifier.

Overview
Similar to a flower, the robotic flower contains components such stems and leaves, with small sensors and effectors embedded in the structure. The flower robot developed at Carnegie Mellon University utilized a seven degree of freedom structure, with one used to move the stem towards the left and right, and six other for moving the leaves. Built using simple DC servos, the base structure of the robot actuates the leaves, and uses the IR sensors built in on three of its petals to track objects.

Designed as an intelligent home appliance, the robotic flower has a variety of different functions. Primarily, the flower robot is used as a background sensing device, as it contains sensors for temperature, pressure, voice and light intensity. Unlike other sensors with similar purpose, the appearance of the flower robot makes it easier blend into various rooms, providing more convenient control and accurate results. In addition, the flower robot is capable of small movements using its servos, which can be used to mimic the blooming flower and the stirring of leaves in the wind, creating an aesthetically pleasing environment. Other functions of the flower robot include vision or voice recording, illumination and the use of a scent emitter and a humidifier.

Development
The development of the flower power robot has sparked interests in the shape memory alloy research, as such smart materials can better approximate the motions of a real flower. A group of Korean researchers proposed at the 2007 International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics the design of a new flower power robot with such materials, and an improvement in performance of the flower robot were shown by numerical simulations.

See also
 Lists of types of robots

References

External links
 I²C-BAMBUS - The robotic plant of the Berufsbildende Schule 1 Kaiserslautern
 Technology Review on the CMU flower robot .
 Robotic Flower? New Internet-controlled Robots Anyone Can Build
Beardmore W.B.1. The Beardmore W.B.1 was a British single-engine bomber biplane of World War I developed by Beardmore.

Development and design
In 1916, G. Tilghman Richards, the newly appointed chief designer of the aviation department of the Scottish shipbuilder William Beardmore, designed his first aircraft for Beardmore, the W.B.1.  This was to be a single engined bomber for the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), which was intended to carry out long gliding attacks to achieve surprise.  It was a three-bay biplane with long span high aspect ratio wings, which were highly staggered.  It was powered by a 230 hp (172 kW) BHP engine and  first flew in early 1917.

The W.B.1 was delivered to the RNAS at Cranwell for evaluation on 8 June 1917.  By this time however, the larger and more capable Handley Page O/100 was in production and the W.B.1 was rejected by the RNAS.

Specifications

References

Sources
 
  

1910s British bomber aircraft
W.B.1
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Beardmore W.B.IV. The Beardmore W.B.IV was a British single-engine biplane ship-based fighter of World War I developed by Beardmore. Only one was built.

Development and design
The W.B.IV was designed to meet Admiralty Specification N.1A for a naval land- or ship-based fighter aircraft. The design was dominated by the demands for the aircraft to be able to be safely ditching and remain afloat. A large permanent flotation chamber was built into the fuselage under the nose and the pilot was in a watertight cockpit. The propeller shaft ran underneath the cockpit from the Hispano-Suiza V-8 engine which was over the centre of gravity of the aircraft. The entire undercarriage could be released from the plane for water landings. The wing tips were fitted with additional floats, while the aircraft's two-bay wings could fold for storage on board ship.

The single prototype first flew at Beardmore's Dalmuir factory on 12 December 1917, being delivered for evaluation at Martlesham Heath in July 1918. The W.B.IV had poorer performance than the much simpler and smaller shipborne version of the Sopwith Camel and was not developed further. The sole prototype was lost when it sank during ditching.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

External links
picture in 1965 edition of Flight

Mid-engined aircraft
1910s British fighter aircraft
W.B.IV
Carrier-based aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Balinger. A balinger, or ballinger was a type of small, sea-going vessel. It was swift and performed well under both sail and oars. It was probably developed in Bayonne for hunting whales. The ships were used in the conquest of Anglesey in 1282. They were also in use in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were distinguished by their lack of a forecastle, and by carrying either a square sail, or a sail extended on a sprit on a single mast.  They were generally less than 100 tons, with a shallow draught, and the earlier vessels at least carried 30 or more oars for use in sheltered areas or for close fighting.  They were mainly used for coastal trade, but could also be used as transports, carrying around forty soldiers.  A number were employed in the early Royal Navy for this purpose.

A statute of 1441 referring to pirate raids on the south coast of England contained a request from the House of Commons of England asking King Henry VI to provide "eight ships with four stages, carrying one with the other 150 men each.  Every great ship was to have in its company a barge, with 80 men, and a ballinger, with 40; and there were also to be four pinnances, with twenty-five men in each."

An even earlier reference comes in July 1387, when merchants William Terry, John Tutbury and Peter Stellar of Hull, and Walter Were of Grimsby were reported to have "equipped a ship, ballinger and barge at their own expense to arm themselves 'against the king's enemies'."

A yet earlier reference appears in the Calendar of Patent Rolls for December 1374, when Thomas Rede, master, and the quartermasters and constable of the ballinger of Fulston were (with others) to be arrested by the constable of Dover Castle.

Despite their long history there are no confirmed illustrations of a balinger in contemporary medieval sources while a confirmed archaeological example has yet to be discovered. Speculation suggests that it may have resembled a modern Thames barge in overall size but with a square rig.

Notes

References
The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea, Oxford [1976], edited by Peter Kemp. 

The British Admirals: With an Introductory View of the Naval History of England, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, [1833], by Robert Southey and Robert Bell
Shaping the Nation: England 1360-1461, Oxford [2005], by Gerald Harriss, 
Medieval Merchants: York, Beverley, and Hull in the Later Middle Ages, Cambridge, [1998], by Jennifer Kermode, 
Calendar of the Patent Rolls 1374-1377, HMSO [1916], edited by H.C. Maxwell Lyte

Ship types
Tall ships
Bavarian B V (Ostbahn). The Bavarian Class B V steam locomotives were operated by the Bavarian Eastern Railway (Bayerische Ostbahn) in Germany.

They had an external frame with outer valve gear and a Belpaire boiler.

They were equipped with  2 T 8 tenders.

See also 
Royal Bavarian State Railways
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

0-4-0 locomotives
B 05 Ostbahn
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1869
Bavarian B IX (Ostbahn). The  Bavarian Class A, later B IX were German steam locomotives with the Bavarian Eastern Railway (Bayerische Ostbahn).

Crampton version 
The engines had an external frame with outside drive and valve gear. They had the smallest wheel diameter (1,828 mm) of any locomotive of this type in the whole of Germany. Between 1869 and 1871 all the engines were rebuilt in Regensburg and were given a 1 B axle arrangement. They were then given locomotive numbers 1081–1092.

Stephenson version 
The second series of this class was built to a Stephenson design. They did not differ greatly in terms of boiler and driving gear from the locomotives of the first series. These engines were also converted in Regensburg between 1870 and 1871 to vehicles with a 1B axle formula. In addition the boiler overpressure was raised from 6 to 10 bar. They were then given locomotive numbers 1069–1080.

Tender 
Both series were equipped with 3 T 7 tenders.

See also 
Royal Bavarian State Railways
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

4-2-0 locomotives
2-2-2 locomotives
B 09 Ostbahn
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Maffei locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1857
Passenger locomotives
Bavarian C III (Ostbahn). The Bavarian Class C, later C III, waw a German steam locomotive with the Bavarian Eastern Railway (Bayrischen Ostbahn) and Deutsche Reichsbahn.

From 1867 a total of 152 examples of this engine were built in Bavaria for the Ostbahn. The five series differed in their dimensions from one another. They had larger grate and heating areas than their predecessor engines, the Class C II. In addition the drive was to the middle axle, so that shorter connecting rods could be used. The locomotives had an Allan valve gear and injectors.

Retirement began after 1905. In 1920, 49 machines were still left. The Reichsbahn recorded 35 of the 38 remaining engines in 1923 and gave them the numbers 53 7835 to 53 7864. However, by 1925 they were no longer on active duty. Three engines went as reparations to the Belgian State Railways.

The locomotives were equipped with 3 T 9 and 3 T 9.5 tenders.

See also
Royal Bavarian State Railways
List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

0-6-0 locomotives
C III (Ostbahn)
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1867
C n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Virtual Socket Interface Alliance. Virtual Socket Interface Alliance (VSIA) is a body of SIP (Semiconductor / Silicon intellectual property) standards.

History 
VSIA was founded in 1996 and dissolved in 2008, and was an open, international organization of companies such as Mentor Graphics, Cadence Design Systems, Magma Design Automation, ARM Holdings, and Synopsys, from various segments of the SoC (System-on-a-chip) industry.

Importance of VSIA 
VSIA's mission was to enhance the productivity of the SoC design community dramatically. VSIA has developed an international standard, the QIP metric (Quality Intellectual Property Metric) for measuring SIP quality and examining the practices used to design, integrate and support the IP. This is important and, to have a measure of the quality, VSIA also works on other issues such as IP protection, IP transfer, IP integration and IP reuse standards (IP hardening is required for easy IP reuse) for Integrated circuit design.

VSIA was founded and driven by Executive Director Stan Baker (1934-2022), a prominent world-wide Electronics Industry Journalist. During the 1990s, Baker and his team including Kathy Rogers, was a driving force behind several electronics industry consortium's that were working to set industry standards to help propel the development of single chip devices, including cell phones.

Eg. for IP Trading 
Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation (HKSTP), which was set up by Hong Kong government, joined VSIA as a member in 2006. HKSTP and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) started to develop a SIP verification and quality measures framework in 2005.

The objective is to develop a technical framework for SIP quality measures and evaluation based on QIP. HKSTP provides QIP services, and a SIP trading platform for different  semiconductor vendors, developers, and SIP providers.

References 
 Archive of documents from the VSIA official website
 News about VSIA’s QIP metric
 Project of SIP Trading platform with QIP by VSIA
 QIP services by HKSTP
 Official website of IP Service centre by HKSTP

Technology consortia
Semiconductors
Châteauguay HVDC-back-to-back station. Châteauguay HVDC-back-to-back station is the largest high-voltage direct current (HVDC) back-to-back converter station in North America. Situated near Châteauguay, on the South Shore of Montreal, Quebec, it is an important plant for power exchange between Hydro-Québec and New York Power Authority (NYPA).

Capacity
The station, which was built by Brown, Boveri & Cie and Siemens in 1983/84, can transfer a maximum power of 1000 megawatts (MW) at a direct current (DC) voltage of 140 kilovolts (kV). The facility, which consists of two 500 MW units is fed from Hydro-Quebec with a 315 kV line and from NYPA with a 120 kV line. 

In 2009, its control system is planned to be modernized.

See also 
Hydro-Québec's electricity transmission system

References

Converter stations
Hydro-Québec
Energy infrastructure completed in 1984
Beardmore Precision Motorcycles. Beardmore Precision Motorcycles was a British motorcycle manufacturer formed in 1919 when the engine manufacturer F. E. Baker Ltd, who produced motorcycle and cyclecar engines under the 'Precision' trademark before World War I, entered into an arrangement with the large shipbuilding and engineering company William Beardmore and Company.

History
F. E. Baker Ltd had developed a substantial business making motorcycle and cyclecar engines supplied solely to manufacturers of completed vehicles. The engines were predominantly single and V-twin 4-strokes, with air or water cooling, though just before the war they had added a 2-stroke to their engine line-up. They also had a thriving export business, especially to Australia. During World War I production halted, and many of the small producers of motorcycles and cyclecars had ceased to exist, and after the war the company was faced with financing a restart.

In 1919 F. E. Baker Ltd entered into an arrangement with William Beardmore and Company, a large Scottish engineering and shipbuilding company based in Glasgow and between 1921 and 1924 Beardmore produced motorcycles under the name "Beardmore Precision". The first motorcycle produced was a 350 cc two-stroke featuring leaf-spring suspension front and rear and was followed by a range of motorcycles from 250 cc to 600 cc.

After 1924 Baker regained the rights and set up his own company to continue production with Villiers engines of between 147 and 342 cc in Alvechurch Road, Birmingham  The company was eventually sold to the James Cycle Co in 1930. Frank Baker became a James employee and they used his designs well into the 1930s.

Models

See also
William Beardmore and Company
London Motorcycle Museum

References

External links

 Beardmore Precision advert
 1923 Beardmore Precision 250cc
 Beardmore Precision gallery
 

Defunct motorcycle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Defunct companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Manufacturing companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Castalia (simulator). Castalia is a simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Body Area Networks and generally networks of low-power embedded devices. It is based on the OMNeT++ platform and used by researchers and developers to test their distributed algorithms and/or protocols in a realistic wireless channel and radio model, with a realistic node behaviour especially relating to access of the radio. Castalia uses the lognormal shadowing model as one of the ways to model average path loss, which has been shown to explain empirical data in WSN. It also models temporal variation of path loss in an effort to capture fading phenomena in changing environments (i.e., the nodes or parts of the environment are moving). Castalia's temporal variation modeling is designed to be fitted to measured data instead of making specific assumptions on the creation of fast fading. Other features of Castalia include: physical process modeling, sensing device bias and noise, node clock drift, and several MAC and routing protocols implemented.

Castalia was developed at the National ICT Australia starting in 2006. Since 2007 it is public as an open source project under the Academic Public License. The current release version is 3.3 (available at GitHub).

References

External links
The Castalia home page at GitHub
The Castalia Forum

Wireless networking
Computer network analysis
Houston Tower. The Houston Tower was a plan for a 500-story skyscraper conceived in the 1970s to be built in Houston, originally designed as a research project for the feasibility of a 500-story building. American Architect Robert B. Sobel of Emery Roth & Sons, with engineer and fellow American Nat W. Krahl of Rice University, created a concept for a 500-story building made from 200-foot sided bundled triangular tubes.  Sobel had theorized the construction of a 500-story building as early as 1947.

According to Emery Roth & Sons, the project showed that the technology and materials existed to build a 500-story (or taller) building if someone wished to do so.  Since its first inception, it has remained one of the tallest buildings ever fully envisioned, and would have taken up 16 city blocks of 250x250 feet if constructed.  Its design features are reminiscent of the  Sears Tower, which utilizes a similar construction pattern albeit on a smaller scale.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Houston
 List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
 List of tallest buildings in Texas
 List of tallest buildings in the United States
 X-Seed 4000
 List of tallest buildings and structures in the world

References

External links
 
 Houston Tower Details at SkyscraperPage
 Houston Tower at SkyscraperPage's Forums

Skyscrapers in Houston
Unbuilt buildings and structures in the United States
Hotbit. The Hotbit HB-8000 is an MSX home computer developed and sold by the Brazilian subsidiary of Sharp Corporation through its Epcom home computer division in mid-1980s. The MSX machines were very popular in Brazil at the time, and they virtually killed all the other competing 8 bit microcomputers in the Brazilian market.

Versions 1-1.2 
The Hotbit had three versions: 1.0 and 1.1 with gray and white case and 1.2, with a black case and a ROM slightly modified to solve an ASCII table compatibility issue with the other popular Brazilian MSX, the Gradiente Expert.

Technical specifications

Peripherals 

 HB-100: joystick
 HB-2400: tape recorder
 HB-3000 or HB-3001: external modem
 HB-3600: Dual disk drive controller and power supply. Sold in a bundle with one HB-6000 drive
 HB-4000: 80 columns card with the V9938 VDP inside
 HB-4100: 64KB RAM expansion
 HB-6000: 5" disk drive (slim height), 360 KB

References 

MSX microcomputer