omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tele-information services. Tele-information services are based on an alliance of digital telecommunication and computer technology that play an important role in inter-human communications. It is a classification of information flows broken down so that the presentation and information content are not confused with the character of the information flow. Tele-information services consist of four definable information traffic patterns being allocution, conversation, consultation and registration. These information traffic patterns can be combined to form more complex multi-pattern services and networks made up of any number of information traffic patterns.

Information traffic patterns

 Allocution — the issue of information by an information service centre under programmatic control of the centre itself. Typically has a general/soldier, master/slave relationship. Examples include broadcasting organisations such as radio and television.
 Conversation — the issue of information by information services consumer(s) under programmatic control of the consumer(s) themselves. Examples include information flow between consumers or with the help of an interpreter.
 Consultation — the issue of information by an information service provider under programmatic control of an information service consumer. Examples include phoning a doctor, lawyer, reading books, magazines and newspapers as well as cable television and the Internet.
 Registration — the issue of information by an information service consumer under the programmatic control of an information service centre. Examples include a fire alarm, news agencies and some MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) such as World of Warcraft.

References

Telecommunication services
Information
Berlinite. Berlinite (aluminium phosphate, chemical formula AlPO4 or Al(PO4)) is a rare high-temperature hydrothermal or metasomatic phosphate mineral. It has the same crystal structure as quartz with a low temperature polytype isostructural with α–quartz and a high temperature polytype isostructural with β–quartz. Berlinite can vary from colorless to greyish or pale pink and has translucent crystals.

It was first described in 1868 for an occurrence in the Västanå iron mine, Scania, Sweden and named for Nils Johan Berlin (1812–1891) of Lund University.

It occurs as a rare mineral in high-temperature hydrothermal or metasomatic deposits.  Associated minerals include  augelite, attakolite, kyanite, pyrophyllite, scorzalite, lazulite, gatumbaite, burangaite, amblygonite, phosphosiderite, purpurite, apatite, muscovite, quartz, hematite in granite pegmatites. It also occurs with alunite, aragonite, collophane, crandallite, francoanellite, gypsum, huntite, hydromagnesite, leucophosphite, nesquehonite, niter, and nitrocalcite in the Paddy's River copper mine in the Brindabella Mountains of Australia.

References

Further reading

Aluminium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 152 or 154
Minerals described in 1868
Terence Fox. Terence Robert Corelli Fox (2 May 1912 – 5 October 1962), often called T.R.C. Fox, was a notable British chemical engineer. He was a member of the Atomic Energy Council and the first Shell Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Cambridge.

Fox was born on 2 May 1912, the son of an electrical engineer, and attended Regent Street Polytechnic Technical School and Jesus College, Cambridge. He graduated from the latter in 1933 with a degree in mechanical sciences. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography describes his success in the tripos as "unparalleled"; he received a starred first and all available prizes, including the Rex Moir Prize and prizes for the best marks in Thermodynamics, Aeronautical Engineering and Structures, all in the same examination.

Fox returned to the Engineering Department at Cambridge four years after graduating, having first served a stint as a technical assistant at Imperial Chemical Industries. He began as a demonstrator and became a fellow of King's College, Cambridge in 1941. Due to his teaching position he did not see active service in the Second World War, but he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the University Officer Training Corps, Royal Signals section, on 3 October 1942, a commission he resigned on 9 February 1946.

In 1945, he became a lecturer in the Engineering Department at Cambridge. In that same year, on 2 March 1945, the university accepted an endowment to form a chemical engineering department by the Shell Group of Oil Companies, who would also sponsor a department chair. Though not established in the field, Fox was announced as the first to fill the chair position in June 1946.

Fox spent several years preparing the department before beginning to accept students in 1948. He was a supportive chair, dedicated to financing and furthering the research of others, including the team of Francis Thomas Bacon when they developed the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. He remained in the position until 1959, when poor health forced him to retire, and was succeeded by Peter Victor Danckwerts. According to The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Fox's poor health was the result of a high stress personality, which led him to "a succession of nervous breakdowns in the early 1950s". He died at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London on 5 October 1962.

On 2 March 1963, the T.R.C. Fox Fund was established at Cambridge in tribute to his memory. The Fund is used to provide an annual award to the student who does best on the Chemical Engineering Tripos, as long as that student is able to attain "the standard of the first class".

References

1912 births
1962 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
British chemical engineers
Chemical engineering professors at the University of Cambridge
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
British Army personnel of World War II
Officers' Training Corps officers
Royal Corps of Signals officers
Alumni of the Regent Street Polytechnic
Minimisation. Minimisation or minimization may refer to:
 Minimisation (psychology), downplaying the significance of an event or emotion
 Minimisation (clinical trials)
 Minimisation (code) or Minification, removing unnecessary characters from source code
 Structural risk minimization
 Boolean minimization, a technique for optimizing combinational digital circuits
 Cost-minimization analysis, in pharmacoeconomics
 Expenditure minimization problem, in microeconomics
 Waste minimisation
 Harm reduction
 Maxima and minima, in mathematical analysis
 Minimal element of a partial order, in mathematics
 Minimax approximation algorithm
 Minimisation operator ("μ operator"), the add-on to primitive recursion to obtain μ-recursive functions in computer science

See also
Optimization (mathematics)
Minimal (disambiguation)
Minimalism (disambiguation)
Minification (disambiguation)
Maximisation (disambiguation)
 Magnification
 Plateau's problem
Temperature-programmed reduction. Temperature-programmed reduction is a technique for the characterization of solid materials and is often used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis to find the most efficient reduction conditions, an oxidized catalyst precursor is submitted to a programmed temperature rise while a reducing gas mixture is flowed over it.  It was developed by John Ward Jenkins whilst developing heterogeneous catalysts for Shell Oil company, but was never patented.

Process description
A simple container (U-tube) is filled with a solid or catalyst. This sample vessel is positioned in a furnace with temperature control equipment. A thermocouple is placed in the solid for temperature measurement. The air originally present in the container is flushed out with an inert gas (nitrogen, argon). Flow controllers are used to add hydrogen (for example, 10% hydrogen in nitrogen). The composition of the gaseous mixture is measured at the exit of the sample container with appropriate detectors (thermal conductivity detector, mass spectrometer). Now, the sample in the oven is heated up on predefined values. Heating rates are usually between 1 K/min and 20 K/min. If a reduction takes place at a certain temperature, hydrogen is consumed, which is recorded by the detector. In practice the production of water is a more accurate way of measuring the reduction. This is due to the potential for varying hydrogen concentrations at the inlet, so the decrease in this number may not be precise, however as the starting concentration of water will be zero, any increase can be measured more accurately.

See also
Thermal desorption spectroscopy

References

External links
Temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation experiments with V2O5 catalysts
High-Pressure Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Sulfided Catalysts
Lecture slides on Temperature Programmed Reduction and Oxidation

Hydrogen technologies
Analytical chemistry
Materials science
Surface science
Catalysis
Class 54. Class 54 may refer to:

 A German goods train locomotive class with a 2-6-0 wheel arrangement operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn which comprised the:
 Class 54.0: Prussian G 5.1
 Class 54.0II: BBÖ 60, PKP Class Ti12, PKP Class Ti16, JDŽ 131
 Class 54.1: BBÖ 260, PKP Class Ti11, ČSD Class 333.1
 Class 54.2-3: Prussian G 5.2
 Class 54.2-3II: BBÖ 360
 Class 54.4: BBÖ 460
 Class 54.5: ČSD Class 344.3
 Class 54.6: Prussian G 5.3 
 Class 54.6II: PKP Class Ti1, PKP Class Ti3, JDŽ 128
 Class 54.7: PKP Class Ti2
 Class 54.8-12: Prussian G 5.4 
 Class 54.10: Prussian G 5.5
 Class 54.12: Mecklenburg G 5.4
 Class 54.13: Bavarian C VI
 Class 54.14: Bavarian G 3/4 N
 Class 54.15-17: Bavarian G 3/4 H
Class 62. Class 62 may refer to:
Belgian Railways Class 62 - a class of diesel locomotives
DRG Class 62 - a class of German 4-6-4T locomotives
JNR Class C62 - a class of Japanese 4-6-4 locomotives
JNR Class D62 - a class of Japanese 2-8-4 locomotives
JŽ class 62 - a class of Yugoslavian 0-6-0T locomotives, ex-USATC S100 with extra Yugoslav-built examples.
NSB Class 62 - a class of Norwegian electric railcars
Class 65. Class 65 may refer to:

German steam locomotives built after the Second World War for passenger duties by the railway administrations in both West and East Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn and Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) respectively. These two modern designs or Neubaulokomotiven were the:
DB Class 65 – a class of West German 2-8-4T locomotives
DR Class 65.10 – a class of East German 2-8-4T locomotives
Urakaze-class destroyer. The  were a class of two destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy by Yarrow Shipbuilders of Scotland. These were the last Japanese destroyers ordered from overseas shipyards. While still under construction, one ship was transferred to Italy in 1916.

Background
The failure of Japanese shipbuilders with the s left the Japanese navy without a large destroyer capable of extended blue ocean operations. The Parsons steam turbines of the Umikaze class were plagued with maintenance issues, as well as tremendous fuel consumption. The navy then returned to its previous mainstay for new technology and equipment, Yarrow shipyards in the United Kingdom, ordering two vessels to a new design in the 1911 fiscal budget.

However, Yarrow, along with other British shipyards, had a large backlog of orders, and it was not until 1915 that the new vessels could be completed, and due to the outbreak of World War I, not until 1919 before Urakaze was turned over to Japan.

Design
The Urakaze-class vessels made use of oil-fired Brown-Curtiss turbine engines, and had the distinction of being the first vessels built for Japan to be designed for use without coal. The initial design called for diesel engines, however, due to the outbreak of World War I, Yarrow could not obtain necessary gear components from Germany.

Armament was slightly less than that of the Umikaze class, with a single QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I – IV mounted on the small forecastle forward of the bridge and four QF 3 inch 12 pounder guns, two amidships, one of the stern, and one mounted on a tall pedestal just aft of the smokestacks. The Urakaze class was also the first Japanese class of destroyers to use the 533-mm diameter torpedoes.

Operational history
Urakaze was turned over to the Imperial Japanese Navy too late to see combat service in World War I. It was used for many years in patrols on the Yangzi River. It was retired in 1936, and used as a training vessel for the Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Forces. It was sunk in an air attack by United States Navy aircraft on 18 July 1945.

Due to a strong request from the British government, Kawakaze was sold by Japan prior to completion to the Regia Marina of Italy. Italy was one of the Allies of World War I, and faced a severe shortage of modern warships. Kawakaze was completed as Audace, and later modified into the controller of the radio-controlled target ship , and saw considerable combat service in the Mediterranean. During World War II, the ship was captured by the German Kriegsmarine, and renamed TA20. The vessel was sunk during the action of 1 November 1944 near Pag Island in the Adriatic Sea.

Ships

Notes

References

External links

 Materials of IJN: Urakaze class destroyer

Destroyer classes
Low hydrogen annealing. Low hydrogen annealing, commonly known as "baking" is a heat treatment in metallurgy for the reduction or elimination of hydrogen in a material to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement is the hydrogen-induced cracking of metals, particularly steel which results in degraded mechanical properties such as plasticity, ductility and fracture toughness at low temperature. Low hydrogen annealing is called a de-embrittlement process. Low hydrogen annealing is an effective method compared to alternatives such as electroplating the material with zinc to provide a barrier for hydrogen ingress which results in coating defects.

The underlying mechanism for hydrogen embrittlement is different for the surface compared to hydrogen penetrated into the bulk of the solid. Studies have shown that annealing at 200 °C weakens hydrogen embrittlement caused by internal hydrogen but has little effect on surface-absorbed hydrogen. At 200 °C, hydrogen atoms can diffuse out of iron and partial stainless steel and is the minimum temperature needed for the process. The exact mechanism or its effects are not fully understood because it is also hypothesized that 200 °C allows for vacancy elimination in the solid which can affect its mechanical properties too.

Process description
The material is kept in a hydrogen annealing oven over several hours at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C. The enclosed hydrogen atoms, known for hydrogen embrittlement are removed by effusion. The method is predominantly used immediately after welding, coating process or galvanizing of the parts.

Effect on mechanical properties 
Zhou et al. show the comparison of stress-strain curves of the unannealed X80 pipeline steel and specimens that were annealed at 200 °C for 12 hr. The stress-strain curve changes significantly. The yield phenomena appeared in the stress-strain curve after annealing. This can be explained as the following. At 200 °C, carbon atoms have sufficient energy to diffuse into the interstitial sites of dislocations forming Cottrell atmosphere. This pins dislocations in place and reduces the density of movable dislocations. In unannealed samples, the large density of movable dislocations ae activated and yield does not occur because no drastic change in dislocation density takes place. The yield strength increased by approximately 10% and the elongation decreased by approximately 20%. Finally, based on the testing environments, it can be concluded that annealing at 200 °C decreases internal hydrogen embrittlement but is ineffective for hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility caused by surface absorbed hydrogen.

Effect on lattice
The type of lattice defects are related to the activation energy for release of the trapped hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms can escape from defects and move into lattice interstitials. Diffusion between such types of sites can reach a dynamic equilibrium.

See also
Annealing (metallurgy)
Tempering

References

Hydrogen technologies
Metal heat treatments
Yankton station. The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Depot in Yankton, South Dakota was built in 1905 by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (otherwise known as The Milwaukee Road).

Prior to the 1870s, Yankton was served by steamboats along the Missouri River. As service declined, railroads took over to serve the communities in South Dakota. In the late 1870s, the Dakota Southern Railroad entered Yankton. Shortly afterward, the Dakota Southern was bought by The Milwaukee Road. The Milwaukee Road then expanded westward toward Rapid City, South Dakota and the Black Hills.

In 1905, The Milwaukee Road built its depot in Yankton.  Using a common design, the depot is rectangular in shape and single story. It is built of brick with wood and stone trim. There is a covered area at one end of the depot that leads to the waiting room.  A baggage room is located at the other end and the station agent's office is located between the two.

As railroad passenger service declined after the 1940s, the depot was sold.  The Milwaukee Road itself went bankrupt in the 1980s, and the tracks adjacent to the depot were sold to BNSF Railway predecessor Burlington Northern. At the time of nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, the depot was used as offices for a local cable television company. In 2008, the depot houses the offices of an architectural firm.

The depot was listed in the National Register because of its architecture and also because of it association with the commercial development of Yankton and the development of railroads in South Dakota.

References 

 Zylstra, Roger E., with Carolyn Torma and John Burrows. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Depot (Yankton County, South Dakota). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form. National Park Service, Washington, DC, 1982.

Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1905
Yankton, South Dakota
Buildings and structures in Yankton, South Dakota
National Register of Historic Places in Yankton County, South Dakota
Former railway stations in South Dakota
Class 69. Class 69 may refer to:
British Rail Class 69, a class of diesel locomotive converted from existing class 56 locomotives
NSB Class 69, a Norwegian passenger train
 DRG Class 69, a German 2-2-2T passenger locomotive class operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn following the annexation of Austria prior to World War II and comprising:
BBÖ Class 12, locomotives 69 001 - 002
KkStB Class 112, locomotive 69 011

See also
 Type 69 (disambiguation)
Class 70. Class 70 may refer to:
Rail vehicles:
United Kingdom :
British Rail Class 70 (electric), electric locomotives built by the Southern Railway in the 1940s
British Rail Class 70 (diesel), diesel locomotives built by GE Transportation in the 2000s
Germany:
 DRG Class 70, a class of German passenger locomotive with a 2-4-0T wheel arrangement operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and comprising the:
 DRG Class 70.0: Bavarian Pt 2/3
 DRG Class 70.1: Baden I g
 DRG Class 70.2: ELE T 4
 DR Class 70.61, DR Class 70.63 and DR Class 70.64 : locomotives taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (GDR) in East Germany in 1949
 DRG Class 70.71: Bavarian D IX
USS Michael Monsoor. USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001) is the second ship of the three-ship  of guided missile destroyers. The Zumwalt-class was designed as a multi-mission surface combatant for land attack and littoral operations with a mission of supporting both ground campaigns and the joint/naval battlespace. The main guns are a pair of Advanced Gun Systems (AGS). The Navy cancelled the ammunition procurement program for the only type of ammunition it can use, so the AGS cannot provide naval gunfire support and the Zumwalts were repurposed for surface warfare.

Design 
Michael Monsoor is the second Zumwalt-class destroyer. The ship is  in length, with a beam of  and displacing approximately 15,000 tons. Michael Monsoor has a crew size of approximately 148 officers and sailors; she can make speed in excess of .

Namesake

Michael Monsoor is named after Master-at-Arms Second Class Michael A. Monsoor (1981–2006), a United States Navy SEAL killed during the Iraq War and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Construction and career
Assembly of modules for Michael Monsoor began in March 2010. The keel laying and authentication ceremony for Michael Monsoor was held at the General Dynamics-Bath Iron Works shipyard on 23 May 2013. Michael Monsoor was launched on 21 June 2016.

Electrical failure during trials
On 4 December 2017, Michael Monsoor had problems with the complex electrical system which ended builders' trials early and forced the ship to return to the General Dynamics Bath Iron Works shipyard in Maine. A harmonic filter aboard failed one day after she left the yard. The ship returned to the yard on 5 December 2017. Harmonic filters are used in complex electrical systems to prevent unintended power fluctuations from damaging sensitive equipment. The delay in sea trials would not affect her expected March 2018 delivery.

Service with the U.S. Navy
The Navy chose to use an unusual two-part commissioning scheme for the Zumwalt-class. The initial commissioning was done prior to weapons systems integration, and the ships were placed in the status of "in commission, special", before sailing to San Diego for weapons installation and final acceptance. Zumwalt and Michael Monsoor used this scheme, while the third and final ship in the class, Lyndon B. Johnson, will use the more traditional approach with formal commissioning after final acceptance.

Michael Monsoor was delivered to the Navy in April 2018, and commissioned on 26 January 2019, at Naval Air Station North Island. She is homeported at Naval Base San Diego. Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Mike Gilday visited Michael Monsoor while in San Diego on 25 February 2021.

Michael Monsoor participated in RIMPAC 2022.

Gallery

See also
 Mountain Warfare Training Camp Michael Monsoor

References 

 Attribution

External links
 
 NavSource: USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001)
 USS Monsoor, May 2013

2016 ships
Zumwalt-class destroyers
LNWR 19in Express Goods Class. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) 19in Express Goods Class, otherwise known as the Experiment Goods Class was a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotives.  They were essentially a smaller wheeled version of the Whale's Experiment Class and were an early attempt at a mixed traffic engine.

Career
Crewe built 170 engines between 1906 and 1909.  The LNWR reused numbers from withdrawn locomotives, so the numbering was haphazard.  All passed onto LMS ownership in 1923.  The LMS gave them the power classification 4F.  The LMS renumbered them into the more logical series 8700–8869.  Withdrawals started in 1931.  British Railways acquired three 8801/24/34 in 1948, but all were withdrawn by 1950 before they could receive their allocated numbers 48801/24/34.  None were preserved.

References

External links 
 LNWRS page
 railuk page

Experiment Goods
4-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1906
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain