omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Turbomixer. A Turbo mixer, also known as a high speed mixer or a tank mixer, is a type of industrial mixer that uses PVC for mixing raw materials to form a free-flowing powder blend.

Design 

It includes a cylindrical tank with a mixing tool assembled on the bottom that typically operates at a peripheral speed of between 20 and 50 m/s, depending on the material to blend. The material is heated inside by a mixer, through the mechanical energy that is produced between the mixing tools and the material which generates mutual impacts of the particles. During the mixing phase, the Turbo-mixer creates an axial vortex. The structure and position of the blades inside the mixer guarantee homogeneous material dispersion.

To avoid thermal degradation, it is usually combined with a cooler that cools down the dry blend to the temperature of around 45-55 C. Due to the poor heat conductivity of the cooler, the cooler is usually three times larger than the mixer as the cooling time is proportional to contact surface.

Applications 

The typical uses of the Turbo mixer is for the production of PVC (dry-blend rigid or plasticized) and for other kinds of thermoplastic composites (like Master-Batch, Wood Plastic Composites, Additives, Thermoplastics Polymers). The largest high-speed mixer known on the market has a tank volume of 2500 litres, which corresponds to a PVC batch size of about 1160 kg and is combined with a horizontal cooler 8600 L. This machine, due to the kind of products was mixed, they have also an introduction of around 500 kg into the cooler mixer, and they can produce around 14 Ton/hour It was manufactured by the Italian company PROMIXON S.r.L. in 2014.

References

Industrial machinery
Roberts linkage. A Roberts linkage is a four-bar linkage which converts a rotational motion to approximate straight-line motion.

The linkage was developed by Richard Roberts.

The Roberts linkage can be classified as:
 Watt-type linkage
 Grashof rocker-rocker
 Symmetrical four-bar linkage

References

See also
Straight line mechanism
Four-bar linkage

Linkages (mechanical)
Straight line mechanisms
Knudsen paradox. The Knudsen paradox has been observed in experiments of channel flow with varying channel width or equivalently different pressures. If the normalized mass flux through the channel is plotted over the Knudsen number based on the channel width a distinct minimum is observed around . This is a paradoxical behaviour because, based on the Navier–Stokes equations, one would expect the mass flux to decrease with increasing the Knudsen number. The minimum can be understood intuitively by considering the two extreme cases of very small and very large Knudsen number. For very small Kn the viscosity vanishes and a fully developed steady state channel flow shows infinite flux. On the other hand, the particles stop interacting for large Knudsen numbers. Because of the constant acceleration due to the external force, the steady state again will show infinite flux.

See also

References

Partial differential equations
Statistical mechanics
Transport phenomena
Fluid dynamics
Physical paradoxes
Xerox Sigma 9. The Xerox Sigma 9, also known as the XDS Sigma 9, is a high-speed, general purpose computer.

Xerox first became interested in office automation through computers in 1969 and purchased Scientific Data Systems or SDS.  They then renamed the division Xerox Data Systems or XDS; they saw limited success, and the division was ultimately sold to Honeywell at a significant loss.

The Sigma 9 was announced in 1970 and the first delivery was made in 1971. There were 3 models built, the Sigma 9, the Sigma 9 Model 2 and the Sigma 9 Model 3. The original was the most powerful and was universally applicable to all data processing applications at the time. The Model 2 was able to process in multi-programmed  batch, remote batch, conversational time-sharing, real-time, and transaction processing modes. The Model 3 was designed for the scientific real-time community.

Features of the Basic Systems
All models featured a CPU with at least a floating-point arithmetic unit, Memory map with access protection, Memory write protection, Two real-time clocks, a Power fail-safe, an External interface, Ten internal interrupt levels. Also a Multiplexor input/output processor (MIOP) featuring Channel A with eight sub-channels.

Listed below are the individual specifications

Sigma 9
 CPU featuring:
 Decimal arithmetic unit
 Two 16-register general purpose register blocks
 Interrupt control chassis with eight external interrupt levels
 Memory reconfiguration control unit

Model 2
 CPU featuring:
 Decimal arithmetic unit
 Two 16-register general purpose register blocks
 Interrupt control chassis with two external interrupt levels
 Main Memory of 32K words

Model 3
 CPU featuring:
 One 16-register general purpose register blocks
 Interrupt control chassis with two external interrupt levels
 Main Memory of 32K words

References

Further reading
Sigma 8, 9 Withdrawal Pains Eased With Independent Memory. (1979). DM, Data Management, 17(2), 24.

Mainframe computers
Computer-related introductions in 1971
Sigma 9
Teletype Model 37. The Teletype Model 37 is an electromechanical teleprinter manufactured by the Teletype Corporation in 1968. Unfortunately the end was approaching for electromechanical user interfaces and a year later in 1969 the Computer Terminal Corporation introduced the electronic terminal with a screen.

Features
The Model 37 came with many features including upper- and lowercase letters, reverse page feed for printing charts, red and black ink and could print 150 Baud (15 characters/second) and optional tape and punch reader. This made it 50% faster than its predecessor the Model 33.

The Model 37 terminal utilizes a serial input / output 10 unit code signal consisting of a start bit, seven information bits, an even parity bit and a stop bit. It was produced in ASR (Automatic Send and Receive)also known as the Model 37/300, KSR (Keyboard Send and Receive) also known as the Model 37/200 and RO (Receive Only) also known as the Model 37/100.

The Model 37 handles all 128 ASCII code combinations. It uses a six-row removable typebox with provisions for 96 type pallet positions. When the Shift-Out feature is included, the six-row typebox is replaced with a seven-row typebox allowing 112 pallet positions, or it can be replaced with an eight-row typebox allowing 128 type pallet positions.

Technical specifications
The Model 37 RO and KSR are 36.25 inches high, 27.5 inches deep and 22.5 inches deep. The ASR is 36.25 inches high, 44.5 inches wide and 27.5 inches deep.
The ASR weighs approximately 340 pounds and KSR and RO weighs approximately 185 pounds.
The Model 37 interface meets the requirements of EIA RS-232-B and has a recommended maintenance interval of every six months or every 1500 hours.
Power Requirements - 115VAC ± 10%, 60 Hz ± .45 Hz, RO is approximately 200 Watts, KSR is approximately 300 Watts, ASR is approximately 550 Watts.

Fun Facts
 Most Model 37s were re-purchased from customers and sold to the Soviet Union with antiquated mainframe computer systems.

References

Further reading
 Dolotta, T., A., & Dorn, William. (1970). Functional Specifications for Typewriter-Like Time-Sharing Terminals. ACM Computing Surveys, 2(1), 5-31.

Computer peripherals
Information oriented software development. Information Oriented Software Development is a software development methodology focused on working with information inside a computer program as opposed to working with just data. A significant difference exists between data and information. Information Oriented Software Development relies on data structures specifically designed to hold information, and relies on frameworks that support those data structures. Information oriented software development focuses on the conceptual needs of users and customers rather than the data storage models and object models.

Information data structures
Information data structures are data structures specifically intended to support information inside a computer program. Two common ones are as follows:
 Data structures to support Fuzzy logic.
 Data structures to support concept combinations and concept Permutations.

See also
 Knowledge representation
 Domain-driven design
 Information model
 Data science

References

Software development
Software development process
Information
Samyung ENC. Samyung ENC is a South Korean manufacturer of marine communication and navigation systems. The company is publicly listed and traded on the KOSDAQ.

Market share
Samyung ENC is a leading company in a highly fragmented marine electronics industry that includes Raymarine, Humminbird, Lowrance, Simrad, B&G, Magellan, Murphy, Naviop, Northstar, Samyung ENC, Sitex, TwoNav, Furuno, Geonav.

Products
The product line includes high frequency radio, GPS floater, and very high frequency (VHF) transmitter-receiver.

References

Manufacturing companies established in 1978
Engineering companies of South Korea
Manufacturing companies based in Busan
Navigation system companies
Marine electronics
South Korean brands
South Korean companies established in 1978
Companies listed on the Korea Exchange
1810 in Russia. Events from the year 1810 in Russia

Incumbents
 Monarch – Alexander I

Events

 The Saint Petersburg main military engineering school becomes the first engineering higher learning institution in the Russian Empire, after the addition of officers' classes, and the application of a five-year term of teaching.
 Ministry of Police of the Russian Empire
 Council of Ministers of Russia
 State Council (Russian Empire)

Births

Deaths

References

1810 in Russia
Years of the 19th century in the Russian Empire
1810 by country
Isobel Pollock-Hulf. Isobel Anne Pollock-Hulf (born 10 November 1954) is visiting professor in Engineering and Design at the University of Leeds.

Early life
Pollock is the daughter of Wilson and Margaret Pollock, she was educated at Dalriada School, Ballymoney, Northern Ireland and then attended Imperial College in London graduating in 1976.
Subsequently, she became a Chartered Engineer (CEng) in 1981.

Industrial career
Pollock worked for ICI in Huddersfield for 10 years before moving to Leeds company DuPont Howson and then Rotherham company Beatson Clark

Professional career
A long time member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Pollock has held several roles within the institute and was elected as a Fellow of the Institution (FIMechE) in 1991 before becoming President of the Institution in 2012–2013.  Pollock was chair of the Institution's Heritage Committee when it was founded in 2007 and was responsible for relaunching the Engineering Heritage Awards.

Since 2006 Pollock has been the Royal Academy of Engineering Visiting professor in Engineering and Design at the University of Leeds.

Pollock has been a member of the Science and Technology Advisory Council which provides independent strategic advice, challenge and support to the National Physical Laboratory since 2015.

Pollock is a patron of the Women's Engineering Society and was Master of the Worshipful Company of Engineers for 2016–17

Recognition
For services to mechanical engineering Pollock was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours.

As well as being a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Pollock is also a Fellow of City and Guilds of London Institute (FCGI) and has been a Freeman of the City of London since 2002.

Pollock has been awarded Honorary doctorates from the University of Huddersfield in 2004  and the University of Leeds in 2016. She was awarded the Sir Harold Hartley medal by the Institute of Measurement and Control in 2013. Pollock was awarded Honorary Fellowship of the Institution of Engineering and Technology in 2016.

References

1954 births
Living people
People from Ballymoney
Alumni of Imperial College London
Imperial Chemical Industries people
Academics of the University of Leeds
People associated with the University of Huddersfield
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
People educated at Dalriada School
Fellows of the City and Guilds of London Institute
Masters of the Worshipful Company of Engineers
Bump-in-the-wire. Bump-in-the-wire (BITW) is a class of communications devices which can be inserted into existing (legacy) systems to enhance the integrity, confidentiality, or reliability of communications across an existing logical link without altering the communications endpoints. The term was originally used to indicate that the device should introduce only a relatively small increased latency in communications compared to the original, unsecured, approach.

An example of such a device might be a security appliance which applies IPsec protection to communications between existing devices which themselves lack IPsec implementation protocol stack. Such a device might also be called a security gateway or  could be implemented as part of a network firewall to implement a tunneling protocol.

References

Computer-mediated communication
IET A F Harvey Prize. The IET A. F. Harvey Engineering Research Prize is a global engineering research prize awarded annually to an innovative researcher by the Institution of Engineering and Technology. It was named after an engineer, Arthur Frank Harvey.
  
The award was made for the first time in 2011 and one award is made each year. Between 2011 and 2015 the prize money was £300,000. From 2016, the prize increased to £350,000.

The prize follows a three-year cycle, as follows:
 Year one: Medical engineering
 Year two: Microwaves and radar
 Year three: Lasers and optoelectronics

Conditions

The prize money is to be used for the furtherance of scientific research into the fields of medical, microwave, laser or radar engineering.

The IET A F Harvey Engineering Prize committee searches for potential candidates from around the world for the prize, drawing on wide international networks. The committee draws up a short-list of candidates from whom additional information is requested for further detailed consideration. 
The selection takes into account outstanding achievement and potential for further substantial advances in engineering and technology to the benefit of society.

List of recipients
Source: IET

See also

 List of engineering awards

References

British science and technology awards
Engineering awards
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Pearl Automation. Pearl Automation Inc. was a company building aftermarket automobile technology, focused on delivering “driver awareness features” and helping to “speed up the pace” of technology adoption in cars. Pearl was founded by Bryson Gardner, Joseph Fisher, and Brian Sander in 2014 and announced its first product in June 2016. The company was based in Scotts Valley, California.

Products 
The Pearl Rear Vision product was purchased by American Road Products Inc. as Pearl Automation Inc. closed its operations.

Pearl’s first product, Rear Vision, was an aftermarket automotive backup camera and alert system that attaches around a license plate and sends video directly to your smartphone. The system is solar powered and included two wide angle high-definition cameras.

Pearl sells products directly to consumers through its website, Amazon.com and Crutchfield. In January 2017, Pearl announced a partnership with Installer Net.

The company went defunct in 2017.

Funding 
Pearl has raised a total of $50 million in Series A and B venture capital rounds, from investors Shasta Ventures, Accel, Venrock, and Wellcome Trust.

References 

American companies established in 2014
American companies disestablished in 2017
Defunct technology companies based in California
El Granero Dam. El Granero Dam (Spanish: Presa del Granero, also known as the Luis L. Leon Dam) is an embankment dam on the Rio Conchos in north-central Chihuahua, Mexico. The dam was completed in 1968 to provide irrigation and flood control for the lower Rio Conchos valley.

See also
List of dams and reservoirs#Mexico
List of lakes in Mexico

Dams in Mexico
Embankment dams
Dams completed in 1968
John C. Little. John Carruthers Little (9 September 1874 – 13 September 1957) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Penton in Cumberland, Little became an engineer and joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) in 1897.  By 1922, the ASE had become the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), and Little began working full-time for the union.  He was elected as the union's president in 1933, serving until 1939.

During World War II, Little was a Director of Labour Supply for the Ministry of Labour and National Service.  After the war, he served on the Admiralty Manpower Economy Committee and the Committee on Houses of Outstanding Historic and Architectural Interest.

Little was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1941.

References

1874 births
1957 deaths
Presidents of the Amalgamated Engineering Union
People from Cumberland
Lisa Pruitt. Lisa Anne Pruitt (born April 2, 1966) is an American mechanical engineer known for her research on orthopedic biomaterials and medical polymers.

Early life and education 
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Pruitt double-majored in Materials Engineering and Chemical and Ocean Engineering at the University of Rhode Island, earning two bachelor's degrees in 1988. She earned her master's and PhD degrees from Brown University in 1990 and 1993 respectively.

Career and research 
She began her career at the University of California, Berkeley in 1993 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering; she was appointed a chancellor’s professor in 2004 and Lawrence Talbot Chair in engineering in 2007. In addition to her position as professor of mechanical engineering, she is also a professor of bioengineering at UC Berkeley and an adjunct professor of orthopaedic surgery at the University of California, San Francisco.

Honors and awards 
Notable awards include
 UC Berkeley's  Distinguished Teaching Award 
 U.S. Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring
Fellow of the  American Association for the Advancement of Science
National Science Foundation CAREER Award
 2011 Winner of the A. Richard Newton ABIE Award from the Anita Borg Institute.

References 

1966 births
Living people
American mechanical engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
University of Rhode Island alumni
Brown University School of Engineering alumni
University of California, San Francisco faculty
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
21st-century American women engineers
20th-century American women engineers
Morgan Bridge (Old Peru, Iowa). The Morgan Bridge is a historic structure, originally located southeast of Old Peru, Iowa, United States. It spanned a branch of Clanton Creek for .  The wrought iron or steel Pratt pony truss was manufactured by the King Iron Bridge & Manufacturing Company of Cleveland.  Benton Jones of Winterset, Iowa assembled it for $376.39.  The approaches are timber stringer spans, and it is supported by timber pile bents.  The bridge has not been operational for years.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.  The span originally served a remote crossing, but has subsequently been relocated and is now owned by the Madison County Historical Society.

References

Bridges completed in 1891
Bridges in Madison County, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Iowa
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Truss bridges in Iowa
Steel bridges in the United States
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Intermediate Data Format. Intermediate Data Format (IDF) files are used interoperate between electronic design automation (EDA) software and solid modeling mechanical computer-aided design (CAD) software.

The format was devised by David Kehmeier at the Mentor Graphics Corporation.

The EMN File contains the PCB outline, the position of the parts, positions of holes and milling, keep out regions and keep in regions.

The EMP file contains the outline and height of the parts.

Some CAD software allows the use of a map file to load more detailed part models.

Compared to STEP 
STEP - also known as ISO 10303-21 - has both advantages and disadvantages over IDF.

If both MCAD and ECAD software support STEP, both programs can interchange more detailed models (at the cost of increased file size).
Step models that are rendered correctly in the ECAD software can cause problems in the MCAD.

IDF does allow the communication of keep out areas and part placements more directly.
IDF is a very simple and robust format. If necessary, the files can be edited by hand in a text editor.

External links 
 IDF V3.0 Specification (PDF)
 IDF V4.0 Specification (PDF)

References

CAD file formats
Computer-aided design
SS Geelong. Geelong was a ship owned by the Blue Anchor Line, and, after 1910, by P&O. She was built in 1904 by Barclay, Curle and Co. Ltd., at Glasgow, Scotland. As built, she had berths  for 120 saloon and 200 third-class passengers, and also carried cargo. Her tonnages were  and ) tons, and she was  long, powered by triple-expansion steam engines, and capable of 14 knots, with a cruising speed of .

In August 1909, Geelong took part in a search for the Blue Anchor liner , which disappeared without trace off the South African coast, and was thought to be disabled and drifting.

In World War I, the Government of Australia chartered Geelong as a troopship to transport the Australian Imperial Force to the Middle East and Europe. Designated HMAT A2 Geelong, the ship departed on her first voyage as a troopship on 22 September 1914, carrying 440 soldiers from Melbourne, Australia, consisting of the Australian Army′s 3rd Field Artillery Brigade, the 3rd Field Company Engineers, and some members of the 12th Infantry Battalion. She proceeded to Hobart, Australia, where she picked up another 912 soldiers, consisting of the 12th Infantry Battalion and the 3rd Light Horse Regiment. She left Hobart, bound for Egypt, on 20 October 1914.

Her second outbound trooping voyage left Adelaide, Australia, on 31 May 1915, transporting 1,264 soldiers of the 27th Infantry Battalion and the 7th Field Ambulance unit. She also picked up another 252 soldiers, who were reinforcements for various other units, from Fremantle, Australia, on 7 June 1915.

Her final departure from Australia was on 18 November 1915, carrying 1,362 soldiers, including the 32nd Infantry Battalion and some reinforcements for other units. Shortly after disembarking the men in Egypt, Geelong sank after a collision with Bonvilston, an Admiralty stores ship, in the Mediterranean Sea near Alexandria, Egypt, on 1 January 1916. There was no loss of life.

References

1904 ships
Maritime incidents in 1916
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Clyde
Ships sunk in collisions
Ships sunk with no fatalities
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Troop ships of Australia
World War I ships of the United Kingdom
World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea