omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Panvalet. Computer Associates Panvalet (also known as CA-Panvalet) is a revision control and source code management system originally developed by Pansophic Systems for mainframe computers such as the IBM System z and IBM System/370 running the z/OS and z/VSE operating systems.

CA-PAN/LCM is a similar product for PCs.

Overview
Panvalet can be used to manage program source code, JCL, Macros/commands for utilities such as Easytrieve and object module files.

History
Panvalet was developed by Pansophic Systems in 1969 as a program to store and manage computer program source code on direct-access storage devices. Before Panvalet code was saved as paper punch cards, typically with 500 to 3,000 cards per program, often 1,000,000 or more per data center. Cards were bulky, difficult to store and transport, difficult and costly to back up, and prone to catastrophic errors since one misplaced card could prevent a program from running correctly.

Pansophic began selling the program in 1970 at a price of $2,880 per copy. It was immediately successful.

In 1978, it was reported that Panvalet, at the time a product of Pansophic Systems, Inc, was in use at over 3,000 sites.

Throughout much of its existence, the main competitor to Panvalet was The Librarian product from Applied Data Research. It had roughly the same number of installations as Panvalet.  As recollected by Piscopo, "Panvalet and Librarian basically divided the program library market between the two of them.... Virtually everyone ended up with one or the other of the products."

Computer Associates acquired Panvalet in 1991 when it purchased Pansophic Systems for $390M. Broadcom acquired Panvalet in 2018 when it purchased Computer Associates.

See also
 CA Technologies

References

External links
 

Configuration management
Proprietary version control systems
IBM mainframe software
CA Technologies
Lambretta Model A. The Lambretta Model A is the first production model of Lambretta scooters. It was Ferdinando Innocenti's idea of a cheap type of transport for Italy in the mid-late 1940s.

Overview
The Lambretta Model A was the first production scooter from Ferdinando Innocenti's Lambretta. It was designed because Ferdinando Innocenti realised the importance of cheap transport to rebuild Post-War Italy. The bike's design was radical for its time but was also easy to operate. The bike was produced from October 1947-October 1948 and sold 9,669 units.

Design 

The tubular frame was made of 2 sections; the front end was made of pressed steel connected to the steering and front forks. It came with a tool box, gear indicator, foot pedal gears and an oil measuring jug integrated into the petrol tank cap. The 123cc engine was shaft driven and direct air cooled. The Model A also came with a 3-Speed Gear Box, the front forks consisted of 2 bushes only and there was no rear suspension. It came with drum brakes and 7 inch chrome wheel rims.

Sales and Production 

The Lambretta Model A sold badly in the first 2 months only moving 47 units but production picked up and in the last 5 months they were producing over 1,000 units a month.

References

External links 

Motor scooters
Innocenti vehicles
Motorcycles introduced in the 1940s
Single-cylinder_motorcycles
Two-stroke motorcycles
Kanji Morarji Rathor. Kanji Morarji Rathor / Kanzi Morarji Rathore (1913–1989) was a Kutchi industrialist from Raipur, India. He is noted for founding first steel plant of Chhattisgarh.

Birth
He was born to Morarji Karsan Rathor and Mithi Bai on 15 November 1913 at village Khedoi in Princely State of Cutch in small but enterprising Mestri community.  His father, who initially worked as a railway contractor and later settled in Raipur and founded Mahakaushal Flour Mills and Raipur Electrical Engineering Co.

Business career
Kanji Morarji started his career in steel industry with M.P. Iron & Steel Works, which was his first venture in to steel business. He had also interest in real estate business and was Partner in Nav Nirman Co. and Nav Sarjan Engineering Co. based at Raipur.

Further, he inherited from his father, who died in 1938, the partnerships in Mahakaushal Flour Mills and Raipur Electrical Engineering Co  Also he was Director in Jai Hind Oil Mills of Raipur from 1948 to 1951. He served as a member of Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board Consultative Council for some years.

Steel Industry
He is noted for founding first steel plant of Chhattisgarh. In year 1960 he established first steel plant in Chhattisgarh region named Himmat Steel Foundry Limited, which was later made a public limited company in 1980. Himmat Steel was a steel plant manufacturing the special steel casting with an installed capacity at 3000 tonnes having its factory at Kumhari.  He served as its chairman since its inception in 1960 till his death in 1989.  His younger brother Himmat Morarji Rathor, who was the  Managing Director of the company after 1969, was mainly responsible for taking the company to new heights and earned high esteem for the company and Rathod family. It was due to him that the company was highly regarded among the top most companies of Madhya pradesh at that time.   Name of the company was on the moto 'Sahasenshri', which means 'Sahas ke saath' aka 'Himmat'. But after 1989, An expansion programme, could not be executed properly mainly due to uncertain market conditions and non support of the banks. after 1989 Himmat Steel Foundry went into debts and subsequently closed down in year 1998–99, the assets of which were finally auctioned in 2010.

Public life
He was closely associated with Ram Krishna Mission and served as President of Ram Krishna Mission, Raipur unit from 1968 till his death in 1989 and was also responsible for establishment of  Ram Krishna Kutir at Amarkantak.

He served as a member of advisory board of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Mahasabha, its national and apex body from 1980 till his death in 1989 and was also served as President of Raipur unit of community for years 1968–77.

Death
He died in the year 1989 at Raipur.

References

1913 births
1989 deaths
Gujarati people
People from Kutch district
Businesspeople in steel
People from Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Businesspeople from Chhattisgarh
Swiss Air Force aircraft squadrons. In the Swiss Air Force, an aircraft usually isn't deployed permanently to a given Squadron, which is especially true of the [militia] squadrons who are not permanently in service. Aircraft are used across several squadrons. Even the aircraft related to the Squadron, such as the F/A-18C J-5017 from 17 Squadron, will be used by other squadrons. Older aircraft will often be retired from front-line service to support squadrons, for example, the Hawker Hunter from a fighter-bomber to a target tug. Two full-scale Hugo Wolf F/A-18C simulators, tail numbers X-5098 and X-5099, are non-flying training simulators for ground crew and not part of any squadron.

Other aircraft units

References

Farbgebung und Kennzeichen der Schweizer Militäraviatik 1914-1950 (Georg Hoch) 

Squadrons of the Swiss Air Force
British Leyland ECV3. The ECV3 is a concept car developed by British Leyland's BL Technology division, led by Spen King. The ECV3 was first shown to the public in December 1982, and was the third in a series of Energy Conservation Vehicles that BL was developing, incorporating new engine technologies and construction materials. The prototype is on display at the Gaydon Heritage Motor Centre.

Technical details
The ECV3 was powered by an experimental 3-cylinder, 12-valve 1.1 L (1113 cc) petrol engine, developing  @ 5,800 rpm and torque of  @ 3,750 rpm, and mated to a manual 5-speed transmission. The engine was a lightweight 84 kg.

While the engine did not reach production, it did lead to the design of the 1988 K-Series engine.

The car is built using an aluminium spaceframe chassis, co-developed with Alcan, and was the first ever bonded structure, and the body incorporates flexible plastic body panels made of polyurethane reinforced reaction injection moulding (PU-RRIM). The design of the five-door hatchback was unconventional, but resulted in a low . The car was claimed to have a top speed of , and could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 11 seconds.

The prototype also demonstrated packaging efficiency, being a short  supermini sized car, but offering family car sized accommodation.

References

ECV3
Concept cars
Primecoin. Primecoin (Abbreviation: XPM) is a cryptocurrency that implements a proof-of-work system that searches for chains of prime numbers.

History 
Primecoin was launched in 2013 by Sunny King, who also founded Peercoin.

Unlike other cryptocurrencies, which are mined using algorithms that solved mathematical problems with no extrinsic value, mining Primecoin involves producing chains of prime numbers (Cunningham and bi-twin chains). These are useful to scientists and mathematicians and meet the requirements for a proof of work system of being hard to compute but easy to verify and having an adjustable difficulty.

Shortly after its launch, some trade journals reported that the rush of over 18,000 new users seeking to mine Primecoin overwhelmed providers of dedicated servers. It was ranked as being one of the top ten currencies before 2014. 

Primecoin has a block time of one minute, changes difficulty every block, and has a block reward that is a function of the difficulty.

Symbol 
The currency symbol from Primecoin is the Greek letter psi (Ψ) which was chosen as a tribute to Riemann, so that its shape symbolizes the zeta de Riemann function. The horizontal bar, not only defies convention, the symbols of monetary units, but also symbolizes one of the biggest stones of the mathematician Riemann's hypothesis.

Features 
Primecoin's proof-of-work system has the following features:
The proof of Primecoin's operation takes the form of chains of prime numbers. 
Finding the first number of the chain becomes exponentially more difficult as the length of the chain increases. 
Checking the reasonable size of chains of prime numbers can be efficiently performed by all nodes in the network. 
Simple Mersenne numbers are forbidden because of their very large size. 
Three types of chains of prime numbers are accepted as proofs of the paper: a Cunningham chain of type one, a Cunningham chain of type two, and bi-twin chains. 

Other cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, typically use Hashcash-type proof-of-work based on SHA-256 cryptographic hash algorithms, which have no value beyond maintaining their own system. The Hashcash algorithm is also used as a proof of work.

Advantages 
Proof-of-work in Primecoin not only secures the network, but also generates a special form of prime number chains of interest for mathematical research. Thus, the Primecoin network is multi-purpose compared to the Bitcoin network, being designed to support a mining market that is increasingly evolving computationally while maintaining good scarcity properties. Primecoin also processes payment transactions 10 times faster than the Bitcoin network.

References

Further reading

External links 
 

Cryptocurrency projects
Prime numbers
Currencies introduced in 2013
SS Snaefell (1906). SS Snaefell (IV), the fourth ship in the company's history to be so named, was a packet steamer originally owned and operated by G. and J. Burns, who sold her to the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1920.

Construction and dimensions
Originally named Viper built for the Irish Channel service between Scotland and Ireland, she was a steel; triple-screw turbine driven vessel. Viper was built at Govan by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, launched 10 March 1906.

The vessel's dimensions were a length of 315'; beam 39'6"; and depth 16'6". Vipers engines developed 6,500 i.h.p. which gave her a service speed of 21 knots. She had accommodation for 1,700 passengers and a crew of 61.

Viper was purchased by the Steam Packet on 22 March 1920 and renamed Snaefell. The consideration was £160,000.

Service life
Under her original owners, G. and J. Burns, Viper was employed on the company's Ardrossan-Belfast service. Purchased by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1920, she was renamed Snaefell, and served the numerous routes then operated by the company.

War service

First World War
Under her original owners, the vessel saw service in the First World War as a troopship. Little is known of her Great War service, but it is fair to assume she was used mainly for trooping duties between the Kent ports, Southampton and the main French port serving the British Expeditionary Force at Le Havre. Viper was one of few transport ships which did not require the protection of an escort as her service speed was judged to provide her with enough protection.

Second World War

At the outbreak of war, the Steam Packet operated a fleet comprising 16 ships. The Rushen Castle and Snaefell were kept to maintain the Isle of Man's vital link with the mainland, Snaefell primarily as a relief vessel. For a while the  joined them, and the ,  and  stayed on to handle freight.

Snaefell was again requisitioned and again used as a troopship, but after one year she was returned to the company and resumed her duty serving the Island's wartime link with the mainland, first to Liverpool and then to Fleetwood.

Post-war service
On the cessation of the war, Snaefell was withdrawn from service in 1945, and sold for breaking.

Disposal
After a life spanning 42 years, Snaefell was finally broken up in 1949. Its wooden staircase bannisters are now included within HQS Wellington in London.

Gallery

References

Bibliography
 Chappell, Connery (1980). Island Lifeline T.Stephenson & Sons Ltd 

Ships of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company
1906 ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. The Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule ("LT2ESWTR" or simply "LT2") is a 2006 regulation promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act. The rule required public water systems to install more stringent treatment systems to control the microorganism Cryptosporidium and other pathogens.

Background
EPA began drafting the LT2 rule following the 1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidiosis outbreak, in which it is believed that municipal sewage infected with cryptosporidium was accidentally discharged into the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin's drinking water.

Principal requirements
 Public water systems (PWS) must conduct source water monitoring for cryptosporidium
 Filtration systems for PWS with the highest levels of cryptosporidium
 All unfiltered systems must inactivate cryptosporidium using disinfection technologies such as ozone, ultraviolet light, or chlorine dioxide.

Controversy
The LT2 rule was criticized for mandating costly public works projects (such as coverage of open-air reservoirs) that may be unnecessary and/or unlikely to address the kind of problem that was responsible for the Milwaukee incident. William R. MacKenzie, M.D., a Centers for Disease Control epidemiologist who served as the Epidemic Intelligence Officer on the Milwaukee case, stated, "Standards for water treatment facilities were about to be implemented throughout the nation; but even those would not have stopped the Milwaukee outbreak."

Review of regulatory requirements
In response to criticism that the rule unfairly burdens public water systems that are not exposed to municipal sewage, EPA conducted three public meetings in 2011 and 2012 about the LT2 rule, and invited the public to submit information and data to support future regulatory decisions. In a 2017 Federal Register notice, EPA stated that it "did not identify new information related to potentially revising" the regulatory requirements for cryptosporidium and other listed pathogens, and requested additional public comments.

References

2006 in the environment
Water supply and sanitation in the United States
Drinking water regulation
VT-28. The VT-28 "Rangers" is a U.S. Navy primary flight training squadron based at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas.

History

VT-28 was initially established as Advanced Training Unit 611 (ATU-611). The Rangers began as an advanced multi-engine training squadron flying the S2F-1T, a training variant of the Grumman S-2 Tracker. On 1 May 1960 ATU-611 was redesignated VT-28 and in September 1962 its aircraft was redesignated the TS-2A in accordance with the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system.

After decades of use and the designation of thousands of Naval Aviators, the TS-2A was replaced with the T-44A Pegasus twin-engine turboprop trainer in 1979. VT-28 continued training advanced multi-engine aviators until 1990 when the Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA) reassigned the squadron to be responsible for training instructors and updating training syllabi for the T-44A and T-34C Turbo Mentor. Three years later, CNATRA again reassigned VT-28, this time to be the Navy's fifth primary training squadron flying the T-34C Turbo Mentor. In 2013 the squadron began its transition from the T-34C to the Navy's newest primary flight trainer, the Beechcraft T-6B Texan II

Aircraft
 S2F-1T / TS-2A Tracker - Advanced multi-engine (1960-1979)
 T-44A King Air - Advanced multi-engine (1979-1993)
 T-34C Turbo Mentor - Primary flight training (1990-2013)
 T-6B Texan II - Primary flight training (2013 to present)

See also
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons

References

Training squadrons of the United States Navy
Airman Apprenticeship Training School. Naval Air Technical Training Center (NATTC) is the parent command of the Airman Apprenticeship Training School, and provides technical training schools for nearly all enlisted aircraft maintenance and enlisted aircrew specialties in the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard.

Aviation Training Department
After completion of recruit training, enlistees in the Airman Apprenticeship Training program (ATD) attend a three-week course on basic theory in aviation fundamental skills at Naval Air Technical Training Center (NATTC) located aboard NAS Pensacola in Pensacola, FL. After successful completion of this training, airman apprentices are usually assigned to squadrons or other aviation commands where the Navy needs them the most.

The duties performed by airman apprentices include:

 repairing, maintaining and stowing aircraft and associated equipment in preparation for flight operations;
 working with qualified personnel to gain job training and experience;
 performing ground and deck duties involved in the take-off and landing of aircraft;
 standing security watches on flight lines or decks;
 doing temporary duty for 90–120 days with food services divisions;
 serving as members of crash crews and security alert teams;
 participating in naval ceremonies.

Airman Rating and Paygrade

In the U.S. Navy, Airman is the enlisted rank that corresponds to the pay grade of E-3 in the Navy's aviation field. Airman is just above Airman Recruit (E-1) and Airman Apprentice (E-2), and below the rank of petty officer third class, pay grade E-4.

Pay
According to the 2013 Basic Enlisted Military Pay Chart, an Airman Recruit (E-1) with less than 4 months of service receives a base pay of $1403. An Airman Apprentice (E-2) with less than 2 years of service receives $1700, and an Airman (E-3) receives $1787.

References

Naval aviation education
United States Navy schools and training
Charon (gun). The DEFCAD Charon is an open source 3D-printable AR-15 lower receiver project that was partially inspired by the Fabrique Nationale P90. It began as a design exercise by a DEFCAD user to explore FDM additive manufacturing technology as a means of integrating the P90's ergonomics into a stock for the AR-15, resulting in the WarFairy P-15 stock set.

The additive manufacturing process permits curvilinear designs that are too expensive or impossible to do by subtractive methods. From the P-15, it was integrated with the DefDist V5 lower receiver, resulting in the WarFairy Charon V0.1. Further advantage was taken of the nature of FDM polymer printing to make it possible for printers with small work envelopes to produce large items, i.e., the Charon was designed to be printed in sections and then assembled with solvent cement.

The Charon pistol version was successfully test fired in July 2013 with no sign of damage.

References

3D printed firearms
Firearm components
Fused filament fabrication

External links
AR-15_WarFairy_Charon_Lower_Receiver_v4_Warfairy
The Lebanese Rocket Society (film). The Lebanese Rocket Society is a 2012 Franco - Lebanese documentary film directed by Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige and released theatrically on 1 May 2013.

Synopsis
In the 1960s, Lebanon was the first Arab country to start sending rockets into the sky. Led by Manoug Manougian, their physics teacher, a small group of students from the Haigazian University (called Haigazian College at the time) began tests and launched their first rockets to conquer space under the name ″Lebanese Rocket Society″. Their work was briefly a source of national pride.

Cast and crew
 Director: Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige
 Production: Edouard Mauriat (Mille et une productions), and Georges Shoucair (Abbout Productions)
 France Distribution: Urban Distribution
 Photography: Jeanne Lapoirie and Khalil Joreige
 Animation: Ghassan Halawani
 Editing: Tina Baz
 Music: Scrambled Eggs
 Genre: Documentary
 Country of origin: France, Lebanon
 Format: DCP

Selections
 Official selection at the Doha Tribeca Film Festival 2012
 Official selection at the Toronto International Film Festival 2012
 Official selection at Cinéma du réel

See also
 Lebanese space program

References

2012 documentary films
2012 films
Documentary films about outer space
French documentary films
Lebanese documentary films
2010s French films