omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vikas (rocket engine). The Vikas (a portmanteau from initials of VIKram Ambalal Sarabhai ) is a family of hypergolic liquid fuelled rocket engines conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in the 1970s. The design was based on the licensed version of the Viking engine with the chemical pressurisation system. The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents. It is used in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3 for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of LVM3. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in LVM3 is 55 tons.

History 
In 1974, Societe Europeenne de Propulsion agreed to transfer Viking engine technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 by Nambi Narayanan and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.

Technical details

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons of UDMH as fuel and Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable of gimballing.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the GSAT 6A launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions.

Variants

References

External links
 
 

Rocket engines of India
Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant
Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle
Thales Rail Signalling Solutions. Thales Rail Signalling Solutions was a division of Thales Group that supplies transportation-based automation solutions for railways. Its operations are controlled from several locations:
its head office in Paris, France
its railway business divisional centers in Ditzingen and Berlin, Germany; Vienna, Austria; and Hengelo, the Netherlands
its mass transit business divisional centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

History
The original moving block signaling system for rapid transit was introduced by Urban Transportation Development Corporation (an Ontario Crown corporation) for its Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS). In 1985, the ICTS technology was successfully implemented on three new railway lines in North America, all of which continue to use the system today:
SkyTrain (Vancouver, British Columbia) - original installation now part of the Expo Line and later used on new lines and extensions
Scarborough RT (Toronto, Ontario), part of the Toronto subway network
Detroit People Mover (Detroit, Michigan), opened in 1987

UTDC's rolling stock manufacturing operations were later absorbed by Bombardier Transportation, who divested the signalling technology to Alcatel-Lucent. In April 2006, Thales Group announced it would be acquiring Alcatel Rail Signalling Solutions in a deal which also raised Alcatel's ownership of Thales to 21.66 percent.

In August 2021 Thales announced that the ground transportation business was to be sold to Hitachi Rail for €1,660 million. The process has been completed on May 31, 2024.

Products
Various railway signalling systems:
SelTrac (communications-based train control for mass transit)
AlTrac
ComTrac
NetTrac
FieldTrac
RBC (Radio Block Controller)
OBU (OnBoard Unit)
ETCS
LZB

Besides its signalling solutions, Thales additionally develops electronic interlocking systems, axle counters that can replace track circuits, various types of point machines, and railway worker protection systems.

References

Thales Group divisions and subsidiaries
Train protection systems
Railway signalling manufacturers

fr:Thales Rail Signalling Solutions
Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik. Institut für Mikrosystemtechnik (IMTEK; "Department of Microsystems Engineering") at the University of Freiburg is Germany's largest research institute dedicated to all aspects of MEMS and Microsystems Engineering. It currently has more than 650 graduate students and 23 research groups. The department is active in both fundamental and applied research.

Research groups
IMTEK consists of the following research groups, each led by a tenured professor:
 MEMS Applications
 Assembly and Packaging
 Biomedical Microtechnology
 Bio Microtechnics
 Bio- and Nano-Photonics
 Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces
 Electrical Instrumentation
 Design of Microsystems
 Microsystem Materials
 Micro-actuators
 Microelectronics
 Micro-optics
 Nanotechnology
 Process Technology
 Sensors
 Simulation
 Systems Theory
 Compound Semiconductor Microsystems
 Materials Process Technology

In addition, IMTEK has established interdisciplinary graduate colleges for the following themes: 
 Embedded Microsystems
 Micro Energy Harvesting

Cleanroom 
IMTEK houses a 600 sqm advanced cleanroom that is used for training and research. IMTEK is also a hub of regional and national collaborative research between academia and industry.

References

External links
 Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg
 

University of Freiburg
Explosives engineering. Explosives engineering is the field of science and engineering which is related to examining the behavior and usage of explosive materials.

Topics 
Some of the topics that explosives engineers study, research, and work on include:
 Development and characterization of new explosive materials in various forms
 Analysis of the physical process of detonation
 Explosive generated shock waves and their effects on materials
 Safety testing of explosives
 Analysis and engineering of rock blasting for mining
 Design and analysis of shaped charges and reactive armor
 Design, analysis and application of military explosives such as grenades, mines, shells, aerial bombs, missile warheads, etc.
 Bomb disposal
 Drilling and blasting
 Demolition

Organizations 
 International Society of Explosives Engineers (ISEE)
 Missouri University of Science and Technology 
 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech)

In popular culture
The film The Hurt Locker follows an Iraq War Explosive Ordnance Disposal team who are targeted by insurgents and shows their psychological reactions to the stress of combat.

See also 
 Explosives
 Chapman–Jouguet condition
 Chemistry
 Civil engineer
 Chemical engineer
 Gurney equations
 Material science
 Physics
 Drilling and blasting

References

External links 
 http://www.isee.org/
 http://www.explosivesacademy.org/
Austin Pearce. Sir Austin "William" Pearce  (1 September 1921 – 21 March 2004) was the chairman of British Aerospace from 1980 until 1987. He was educated at Devonport High School for Boys, Plymouth and the University of Birmingham.

In 1942 he left university with a degree in Chemical Engineering and joined the Petroleum Warfare Department working on incendiary devices at the same time as his doctorate.

He began his industrial career with the Agwi Petroleum Corporartion.  When this became part of Esso he rose rapidly, eventually becoming managing director in 1968. In retirement he continued to hold important posts such as the Prochancellorship of the University of Surrey.

Notes

1921 births
Engineers from Devonport, Plymouth
People educated at Devonport High School for Boys
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
English chief executives
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
People associated with the University of Surrey
2004 deaths
20th-century English businesspeople
William Selim Hanna. William Selim Hanna (1896–1980), born in Assiut, Egypt وليم سليم حنا, was an Egyptian Minister of Housing. A prominent structural engineer, Hanna completed his education in Alexandria and Cairo and graduated from the Faculty of Engineering of Cairo University in 1920 with an engineering diploma. He then traveled to England and joined the University of Birmingham, where he earned a bachelor's degree with first place honors in Civil Engineering in 1923. He studied for a doctorate in the same university and received his PhD in 1926.

Positions held 
After getting his PhD, he returned to Egypt for the post of Lecturer at the Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, in 1926 .
 
When the Research Laboratory of Concrete was created at the Faculty of Engineering in Cairo University in 1932 with the support of Cebu Tariv, an engineering professor at Princeton University, Hanna became its director.

In 1933 he was appointed Director of the Research Laboratory for Mechanics and Foundations Education. In 1937 he took the post of assistant professor in the faculty.

In 1941 he took the post of professor of reinforced concrete for the construction of buildings and continued to hold this post until 1952. In 1952 he was appointed Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs, a post he held until 1954.

After this post, Hanna worked as a consultant in his own office, in addition to serving as a full-time professor at the Faculty of Engineering of Cairo University. Later in 1954 he was chosen to be a member of the board of Ain Shams University.

Projects 
contributed to the construction of Qasr al-Nil bridge, which opened in 1935
The Nile Hilton Hotel
Ramses Hilton Hotel
 Many industrial buildings and some well-known presses
 Power plants
 Hanna was also the first to envision the construction of a subway for Egypt
Involved with the saving of the Philae Monuments after a global appeal directed by UNESCO in 1966

References 

1896 births
1980 deaths
20th-century Egyptian engineers
Structural engineers
Transport ministers of Egypt
Housing ministers of Egypt
Cairo University alumni
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Academic staff of Cairo University
Iminodiacetic acid. Iminodiacetic acid is the organic compound with the formula HN(CH2CO2H)2, often abbreviated to IDA. A white solid, the compound is a dicarboxylic acid amine (the nitrogen atom forms a secondary amino group, not an imino group as the name suggests). The iminodiacetate dianion is a tridentate ligand, forming metal complexes by forming two, fused, five membered chelate rings. The proton on the nitrogen atom can be replaced by a carbon atom of a polymer to create an ion-exchange resin, such as chelex 100. Complexes of IDA and EDTA were introduced in the early 1950s by Schwarzenbach.

IDA forms stronger complexes than the bidentate ligand glycine and weaker complexes than the tetradentate ligand nitrilotriacetic acid.  It can also act as a bidentate ligand through its two carboxylate groups.  Several technetium-99m complexes are used in cholescintigraphy scans (also known as hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scans) to evaluate the health and function of the gallbladder.

Iminodiacetic acid is an important intermediate in one of the two main industrial processes used to manufacture the herbicide glyphosate.  It is used in capillary electrophoresis for modulating peptide mobility. It is also used as a precursor for the manufacture of the indicator xylenol orange.

Related compounds
 N-Methylimidodiacetic acid (MIDA)
 N-(2-Carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid
 Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)
 N-hydroxyiminodiacetic acid (HIDA),  (registry number = 87339-38-6) See HIDA scan.

References

Dicarboxylic acids
Chelating agents
Amines
Design By Numbers. Design By Numbers (DBN) was an influential experiment in teaching programming initiated at the MIT Media Lab during the 1990s. Led by John Maeda and his students they created software aimed at allowing designers, artists and other non-programmers to easily start computer programming. The software itself could be run in a browser and published alongside the software was a book and courseware.

Design By Numbers is no longer an active project but has gone on to influence many other projects aimed at making computer programming more accessible to non-technical people. Its most public result is Processing, created by Maeda's students Casey Reas and Ben Fry, who built on the work of DBN and has gone on to international success.

See also 
 Processing
 Smile software

Further reading

External links 
 

Educational programming languages
MC-1 bomb. The MC-1 bomb was the first U.S. non-clustered air-dropped chemical munition. The  MC-1 was first produced in 1959 and carried the nerve agent sarin.

History
The MC-1 chemical bomb was first brought into regular mass-production in 1959. A modified general purpose demolition bomb, the MC-1 was the first non-clustered chemical munition in the U.S. arsenal. The MC-1 was designed to be delivered via U.S. Air Force aircraft. The MC-1 was never used against enemy targets.

Specifications
The MC-1 was a  munition. The weapon had a diameter of  and a length of . The MC-1 was filled with about  of sarin (GB) nerve agent. The MC-1 was designed to be air-dropped via the F-4 Phantom II and was unable to fit that aircraft's replacement, the F-16.

Demilitarization operations
Umatilla Chemical Depot stored about 2,400 MC-1 bombs until the final one was demilitarized and destroyed on June 9, 2006. Another 3,047 MC-1s were stored at Johnston Atoll when demilitarization operations began there in 1990. Those weapons were destroyed during the ensuing decade and operations at Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System ended in 2000.

Test involving the MC-1
Tests were conducted using the MC-1 from July-November 1971 at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. The aim of these tests, which were part of Project 112, was twofold. One goal was to determine hazards associated with the accidental release or damage from hostile fire of the MC-1 during takeoff or landing. A second goal was to determine if leak suppressant and disposal procedures for damaged bombs were adequate. For the purpose of the tests the MC-1 was filled with water and a sarin simulant, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The bombs were dropped from an F-4 during the tests.

See also
M117 bomb

References

Chemical weapon delivery systems
Cold War aerial bombs of the United States
Chemical weapons of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
Jaime Valle Méndez. Jaime Valle Mendez was President of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP) during the 1995-2004 term.

At UASLP, he began his academic career, becoming a full-time professor in 1962 at the School of Engineering. He was Chair of the Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Program (1968–69), Dean of the School of Engineering (1984–1988), and Provost of the University (1988–1994).

Valle has been actively involved in linkages with the business sector, as Director of CYPESA, member of the Board of Directors in the Manufacturing Industry Chamber of San Luis Potosí and Vice President of the organization. Valle holds a bachelor's degree in engineering from the UASLP, and a specialty in business administration from the Université de Paris.  He has pursued graduate studies in business administration at the UASLP.

After his retirement as President, Valle continues teaching at the School of Engineering, and collaborates as consultant with universities and the government.

References

 http://www.uaslp.mx

People from San Luis Potosí City
University of Paris alumni
Heads of universities and colleges in Mexico
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
MT Abadan. Abadan was a 288-ton coastal tanker which was built as Empire Anglesey in 1945. She was renamed Abadan in 1946 and Renee J in 1961. She served until 1969 when she was scrapped in Cork

History
Empire Anglesey was built by J Harker Ltd, Knottingley as yard number 169. She was launched on 16 June 1945 and completed in October 1945. Empire Anglesey was built for the Ministry of War Transport and operated under the management of the C Rowbotham & Sons. She was homeported in Goole. she was powered by a 6-cylinder 2-stroke Single Cycle Single Action diesel engine made by Crossley Ltd, Manchester.

Empire Anglesey was sold to A/S Tankskibsrederiet, Copenhagen, Denmark in 1946 and renamed Abadan. She operated under the management of K V Tersling and spent some time chartered to Rederi AB Reut, Kungsbacka, Sweden.

In 1961, Abadan was sold to Celtic Coasters Ltd, Dublin, Ireland and renamed Renee J. She served with them for eight years. She was scrapped in Cork in March 1969.

Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

Empire Anglesey had the UK Official Number 180993 and used the Code Letters GKGX.

References

External links
Photo of MT Abadan

1945 ships
Ships built in England
Empire ships
Ministry of War Transport ships
World War II tankers
Tankers of the United Kingdom
Tankers of Denmark
Tankers of the Republic of Ireland
XVL. XVL is a lightweight 3D file format for 3D computer graphics data. XVL is developed by Lattice Technology Inc. 
Like U3D and other open and standard 3D formats, XVL supports compression of 3D data. The company claims compression rates of between 1:50 - 1: 200 for typical mesh objects. After a registration, a closed source, Windows only, viewer for XVL files can be downloaded from the company site.

See also
 U3D – an ECMA standard open format for 3D data that supports compression.
glTF - a Khronos Group file format for 3D Scenes and models.

References

External links
 lattice3d – the company developing the XVL 3D format

3D graphics file formats
Engineering the Dead. Engineering the Dead is the second album by the death metal band Aborted. It was released on 6 August 2001 and re-released in 2008.

Track listing

2008 re-release bonus tracks

Personnel
Sven "Svencho" de Caluwé – vocals
Thijs De Cloedt – guitar
Niek Verstraete – guitar
Koen Verstraete – bass
Frank Rousseau – drums

References

Aborted (band) albums
2001 debut albums
INS Lahav. INS Lahav (502) (translated as blade) is a  of the Israeli Navy's 3rd Flotilla that was built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in 1993. She is one of three Sa'ar 5-class corvettes in service with the Israeli Navy and her homeport is Haifa, Israel.

The contract for the construction of the three ships of the class was signed in the early 1980s. Lahav was the second ship of the class to be launched in 1993 and she was commissioned in September 1994. Lahav took part in the 2006 Lebanon War by blockading Lebanese ports. She has also taken part in numerous NATO exercises including one in April 2008 with the Turkish and American navies.

It took part in the 2010 Gaza flotilla raid.

The Israeli Navy chose Lahav as the first Sa'ar 5 corvette to be equipped with the advanced EL/M-2248 MF-STAR radar.
On 23 September 2014 she was presented to the public with the new radar at Haifa naval base.

References

External links
Eilat Class Sa'ar 5 Multi-Mission Corvettes, Israel
Israeli Navy to roll out new C2 system across fleet
Israeli Navy to begin installing Barak 8 on Sa'ar 4.5 corvettes
Israeli ship launches Barak-8 SAM for the first time

Sa'ar 5-class corvettes
1993 ships
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
Partenavia Astore. The Partenavia P.48 Astore was a 1950s Italian light aircraft built by Luigi Pascale and his brother in Naples before establishing Partenavia.

Development
The Astore was a strut-braced high-wing cabin monoplane with a fixed tailwheel landing gear. It had two seats in tandem and was powered by a 65 hp (48 kW) Continental A65 engine. The prototype and only Astore, registered I-NAPA, was built in a garage in Naples and first flew in 1952, piloted by Mario de Bernardi.

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

 

Astore
1950s Italian civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1952
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Chainlink (disambiguation). Chainlink is a type of fencing using woven steel. It may also refer to:

 Chains, a series of linked pieces
 Chain linking, a statistical method to consistently combine two indices
 Chainlink cactus, a shrubby cactus found in arid regions of North America
 Chainlink moray eel, a moray eel from the Western Atlantic
 Chainlink (blockchain), a decentralized oracle network which provides data onto blockchains
 Chainlink, a villain in the animated television series Static Shock
 Chain-linked Lewis, a type of lifting device used by stonemasons to lift large stones
 Chain Link (film), a 2008 American drama film

See also 
 Chain link fence (disambiguation)
Valentin Taifun. The Valentin Taifun is a two-seat self-launching sailplane designed and built by Valentin Flugzeugbau GmbH of Hasfurt, Germany.

Design and development
The Taifun is an all glass-fibre low-wing cantilever monoplane with a T-tail and side-by-side seating for two occupants. It has a manually operated retractable tricycle landing gear. The Taifun is powered originally by an 80 hp (60 kW) Limbach L2000EB (Volkswagen) engine with later production aircraft being fitted with 90 hp (67 kW) Limbach L2400EB engine. The wings fold back along the fuselage sides for transportation and storage. The prototype, registered D-KONO, first flew on the 28 February 1981. The main production aircraft had a 17-metre wingspan and was designated the Taifun 17E. Two examples of aircraft with a 12-metre wingspan were built as the Taifun 12E which were classed as light-aircraft rather than a motor glider. An improved four-seat Taifun 11S was studied with a 115 hp (86 kW) Lycoming O-235 engine and fixed landing gear but the design was abandoned.

Variants
Taifun 17E
Main production variant with a 17 metre wingspan and a Limbach flat-four engine.
Taifun 17E II
Later production variant with a 17 metre wingspan and a Limbach flat-four engine or can be retrofitted with a Rotax 914, hydraulically operated landing gear, double panel Schempp-Hirth type airbrakes on the upper wing surface. aka WI Taifun 17 EII
Taifun 12E
Variant with a 12 metre wingspan, two built.
Taifun 11S
Planned variant with four-seats, not built.

Aircraft on display
Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim, near Munich, Germany.

Specifications (17E)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

 European Aviation Safety Agency Type Certificate Data Sheet - Taifun 17E

1980s German sailplanes
Motor gliders
T-tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1981
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Taifun
Single-engined piston aircraft
Arkhangelsk State Technical University. Arkhangelsk State Technical University is a university founded in 1994. The university was created on the basis of the Arkhangelsk Forestry Engineering Institute. This university is composed of at least eight faculties and four institutes. The rector is Alexandr Nevzorov and the vice rector for foreign affairs is Galina Kamarova.

See also
 List of forestry universities and colleges

References

Arkhangelsk
Universities in Russia
Buildings and structures in Arkhangelsk
1929 establishments in Russia
Technical universities and colleges in Russia