omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Steve Kramer (engineer). Steven Lawrence Kramer is Professor Emeritus of Geotechnical Engineering at the University of Washington.

Education
Steve Kramer received his B.S. (1977), M.Eng. (1979), and Ph.D. (1985) in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.

Professional career
Kramer joined the University of Washington faculty in 1984, where he researched liquefaction, seismic slope stability and dynamic soil behavior. Kramer also held positions at the International Centre for Geohazards at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and the European School for Advanced Studies in the Reduction of Seismic Risk (the ROSE School) at the University of Pavia. He retired in 2020.

He authored the first textbook on Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and co-led the multi-institution Next Generation Liquefaction project, sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, several transportation agencies, and others.

Kramer has contributed technical consulting to a range of infrastructure projects, such as the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement in Seattle and the Millennium Tower (San Francisco) mediation.

Kramer was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2020, for contributions to geotechnical earthquake engineering, including liquefaction, seismic stability, and seismic site response.

Awards
Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize, 1996
ASCE Norman Medal, 2009 and 2017
ASCE H. Bolton Seed Medal, 2018
Academy of Distinguished Alumni, Civil Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 2020
National Academy of Engineering, 2020

References

External links 
 Steve Kramer profile at the University of Washington

Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Washington faculty
Engineering academics
American civil engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers
IMOCA 60 Aquitaine Innovations. The IMOCA 60 class yacht Aquitaine Innovations,  was designed by Finot-Conq, and launched in June 1996 after being made by its own build team under the name Aquitaine Composites with managed by Thierry Eluère based in France.

Racing results

Construction

Hull Construction
 Bottom of the hull totally monolithique
 Preimpregnated carbon high temperature cured
 Hull stringers are made out of pultruded carbon
 Bulkhead are made of carbon cured in an autoclaves
  
Other Features   
 Rotating wing-mast supported by two deck spreaders both reaching 6,48 m from the centreline (realized with Dassault and CTA, by Alucarbon)
 Reduced foresail
 Vectran shrouds
 Stay of the genoa roller furler in carbon
 Fixed keel with a carbon voile and inox inserts
 Special bulb weighed down by fragments of tungsten

References

1990s sailing yachts
Sailing yachts designed by Finot-Conq
Sailboat type designs by Groupe Finot
Vendée Globe yachts
IMOCA 60 yachts
Sailboat types built in France
IMOCA 60 Solidaires. The IMOCA 60 Class yacht Solidaires, 50 was designed by Bernard Nivelt and launched in the March 1999 after being built Thierry Dubois in France.

Racing results

Timeline

VM-Matériaux

Great American III

References 

Individual sailing vessels
1990s sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Bernard Nivelt
Sailboat types built in France
Vendée Globe yachts
IMOCA 60 yachts
List of power stations in Oklahoma. This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, sorted by type and name. In 2021, Oklahoma had a total summer capacity of 29,824 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 80,755 GWh. In 2023, the electrical energy generation mix was 49.8% natural gas, 42% wind, 5.8% coal, 2% hydroelectric, 0.3% biomass, and 0.1% solar.

Fossil-fuel power stations

Coal-fired

Natural gas-fired

Petroleum-fired

Renewable power stations
Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.

Biomass

Hydroelectric

Wind farms

Solar farms

References

 
Oklahoma
Lists of buildings and structures in Oklahoma
Energy in Oklahoma
Soil carbon sponge. Soil carbon sponge (or soil sponge) is porous, well-aggregated soil in good health, better able to absorb and retain water. Australian microbiologist and climatologist, Walter Jehne, articulated the concept of the soil carbon sponge in his 2017 paper, Regenerate Earth, connecting soil carbon with a restored water cycle able induce planetary cooling through evaporative cooling and higher reflectance of denser green vegetation. Cooling from increased cloud formation is another benefit of soil regeneration anticipated by Jehne.

A soil carbon sponge has densities much lighter (1 gram/cc) as compared to the parent mineral soil (2.6–3.5 grams/cc). 

Intensive farming practices that leave bare soils, cultivate extensively, apply water needy fertilizers and biocides and extensive irrigation have accelerated the oxidation of soil carbon as . These oxidative practices reduce the depth and function of soil carbon sponges. Soil carbon sponges can be negatively affected by fire and flooding.

Global scale
It has been postulated that improved performance of soil carbon sponges at a global scale, could affect the Earth's climate mainly through ecohydrology. Soil carbon sponges also serve as carbon sinks. Afforestation, reforestation and cover cropping are methods to build and improve soil carbon sponges. Afforestation provides environmental benefits, including increasing the soil quality and organic carbon levels in the soil, avoiding erosion and desertification. 

Observational evidence, that the southern Amazon rainforest triggers its own rainy season using water vapor from plant leaves, which then forms clouds above it has been reported. Airborne bacteria released from the plant leaves may seed these clouds, which result in rain droplet formations.  These findings may explain why deforestation affects the soil carbon sponge and links it to reduced rainfall.

See also

References
 
 
Carbon
Soil science
Lisa Winter. Lisa Winter (born ) is an American engineer, roboticist, and television personality. She is best known for her work on the television series BattleBots, where she competed with numerous robots and is currently a judge.

Early life
Growing up in Wisconsin, from an early age Winter expressed an interest in robotics. In 1996, she joined her father in building robots for battle competitions. She attended Miramonte High School, and went on to graduate from the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) with a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Robot competitions
She was a part of the team "Robot Action League".

Robot Wars
Winter first competed in 1996, when she was 10 years old, at Robot Wars in San Francisco. Her robot was called "Dough Boy", and consisted of an aluminum base and horizontally spinning blades. She eventually became the Robot Wars middleweight world champion.

BattleBots

Winter has been a part of every season of BattleBots. She competed in seasons 1 through 7, and was a judge for seasons 8 through 12. Her BattleBots include: Tentoumushi, Mr. Squeeky, Plan X, and Mega Tento.

In 2000, Winter and fellow competitor Christian Carlberg appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno to demonstrate their robots and perform a mini fight.

Career
After graduating from UCSC, she worked part time for her father's robotics company before being hired by an industrial design company. She cofounded Robot11, a smart toy company, in 2011. In 2013, she designed a social wearable device for Kwame Corp. As of 2020 she is the Engineering Project Manager at Mattel.

Personal life
Winter is on the board of directors for Women In Robotics. She also volunteers her time to make "hat tags" for The Marine Mammal Center in Marin, California. She is a vegan.

References

External links
 

American roboticists
Women roboticists
21st-century American actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
Curium(III) chloride. Curium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula CmCl3.

Structure 
Curium(III) chloride has a 9 coordinate tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry.

Synthesis
Curium(III) chloride can be obtained from the reaction of hydrogen chloride gas with curium dioxide, curium(III) oxide, or curium(III) oxychloride at a temperature of 400-600 °C:

It can also be obtained from the dissolution of metallic curium in dilute hydrochloric acid:

This method has a number of disadvantages associated with the ongoing processes of hydrolysis and hydration of the resulting compound in an aqueous solution, making it problematic to obtain a pure product using this reaction.

It can be obtained from the reaction of curium nitride with cadmium chloride:

References 

Curium compounds
Nuclear materials
Chlorides
Actinide halides
List of equipment of the Qatar Armed Forces. This is a list of equipment used by the Qatar Armed Forces.

Qatari Emiri Land Force

Tanks and vehicles

Fire support/Artillery 

40x Carl Gustav M2-550 84 mm recoilless rifles
48x MBDA HOT anti tank missile launchers with 1,000 missiles
100x MBDA MILAN anti tank missile launchers with 630 missiles
Bofors AT4CS light ATRL
Swingfire anti tank missile
400x 9M133 Kornet with 5000 anti tank missiles on order 
50x FGM-148 Javelin command launch units with 500 anti tank missile on order

Air-defence

Small arms 
Heckler & Koch HK4
SIG Sauer P226
Smith & Wesson Model 10
Heckler & Koch MP5A3
Sterling MK-IV\L2A3
3,000x M16A-1
3,000x Colt CAR-15A1
100x Colt M4 carbine
AK-47
Heckler & Koch HK21
200x M203 grenade launcher, M203-PI
FN SCAR
Barrett M82A1
AKM
M2 Browning machine gun
Valmet M76
Valmet M62
HK417 
AK-103 
FN FAL 50-00
FN MAG 60-00\T-14
FN Minimi
Mossberg Model-700

Qatar Emiri Air Force

References 

Qatar Armed Forces
Military equipment of Qatar
IMOCA 60 Hexagon. The IMOCA 60 class yacht Hexagon, NZL 8 was designed by Owen Clark Design and launched in 2001 after being made by Southern Ocean Marine in New Zealand. The boat was built for  brother of Whitbread and America Cup fame .

Racing results

References 

2000s sailing yachts
Sailing yachts designed by Owen Clarke Design
Sailing yachts designed by Merfyn Owen
Sailing yachts designed by Allen Clarke
Sailboat types built in New Zealand
Southern Ocean Marine
IMOCA 60 yachts
IMOCA 60 Artemis 2. The IMOCA 60 Class yacht Artemis Ocean Racing Team II, GBR 100 was designed by Jeremy Rogers and launched in the April 2008 after being built Neville Hutton based in Lymington in United Kingdom.

Racing results

References 

Individual sailing vessels
2000s sailing yachts
Sailboat types built in the United Kingdom
Sailboat type designs by Rogers Yacht Design
Vendée Globe yachts
IMOCA 60 yachts
Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association. The Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association was an American engineering institute founded in 1884 in response to the East coast establishment of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.  It published its proceedings in the journalist George P. Low's journal The Electrical Journal, later titled The Journal of Electricity and then The Journal of Electricity, Power, and Gas, and began annual meetings in 1898.  The annual meeting acted as both an electrical industry conference and an academic conference in electrical engineering.  It disbanded with the continuation of the AIEE to the West coast in or shortly after 1905.

References

Engineering societies based in the United States
Professional associations based in the United States
Electrification
History of electrical engineering
Statutory Gas Companies (Electricity Supply Powers) Act 1925. The Statutory Gas Companies (Electricity Supply Powers) Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 44) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which facilitated the supply of electricity by gas companies.

Background 
The spread of electricity supplies in rural areas in the UK had been limited because of the cost distribution infrastructure. Yet, the advantages of using electricity for lighting rather than gas were recognised. Gas companies were able to use surplus power from the gas making process to generate and supply electricity. Twenty-four gas companies had, by 1925, obtained legal powers to supply electricity. However, this required the company to promote a Bill in Parliament which was a prohibitive cost for smaller gas companies.

The aim of the Act was to enable Statutory Gas Companies to apply for Special Orders under the Electricity Acts. It enabled companies to raise capital or borrow money to provide an electricity supply. The Electricity Commissioners were empowered to grant money control powers to gas companies, including those already authorised to supply electricity.

Statutory Gas Companies (Electricity Supply Powers) Act 1925 
The Statutory Gas Companies (Electricity Supply Powers) Act 1925 received Royal Assent on 31 July 1925. Its long title is ‘An Act to facilitate the supply of electricity by statutory gas companies’.

Provisions 
The Act comprised four Sections:

Section 1 Granting Electricity Orders to statutory gas companies

Section 2 Providing capital powers to statutory gas companies

Section 3 Definition of statutory gas companies

Section 4 Short title

Effects of the Act 
To deal with the applications for financial powers the Electricity Commissioners made Rules of Procedure. These were enacted by the Electricity Commissioners (Statutory Gas Companies Capital Powers) Rules 1926.  A schedule of Special Orders is listed in Appendix K of the Electricity Commissioner Sixth Annual Report 1926.

Repeal 
The Act was repealed by Schedule 5 of the Electricity Act 1947.

See also 

 Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry
 Electricity Commissioners

References 

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1925
Electric power in the United Kingdom
Pierre Armand Jacquet. Pierre Armand Jacquet (7 April 1906 – 6 September 1967) was a French chemical engineer and metallurgist. He contributed to electrolytic polishing techniques to produce very smooth metal coatings and also to non-destructive approaches for surface metallographic analysis.

Jacquet was born in St. Mande and became a chemical engineer in 1926 after studies at the École Normale Supérieure de Chimie in Paris under Charles Marie. He received a doctorate in 1938 and worked at the Société de Matériel Téléphonique in Paris. He later worked in the lab of Frédéric Joliot-Curie and during World War II for the navy. In 1929 he discovered, by reversing polarity, a method to produce smooth metal surfaces with electrolytic polishing that he continued to improve upon for multiple metals until 1940. He also studied surface metallurgy and along with E. Mencarelli and A. van Effenterre, developed a non-destructive approach to examining metal surface by applying and peeling of a nitrocellulose varnish which could then be examined under a microscope.

Jacquet also served in advisory roles in French aeronautical research and for the atomic energy agency. He retired in 1966 and settled in Banyuls. He died in a sailing accident in Spain. The International Metallographic Society established a Jacquet memorial award for photo-metallography in 1968. The American Society for Metals began another award in 1946 which came to be called the Francis F. Lucas Metallographic Award from 1958. In 1972 the two awards got merged as the Jacquet-Lucas Award.

References 

1906 births
1967 deaths
French metallurgists
Lithium lactate. Lithium lactate is a chemical compound, a salt of lithium and lactic acid with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOLi, an amorphous solid, very soluble in water.

Synthesis
Synthesis is by neutralization of lactic acid with lithium hydroxide:
 LiOH + CH3CH(OH)COOH → CH3CH(OH)COOLi + H2O

Physical properties
Lithium lactate forms an amorphous solid.

It dissolves very well in water and organic solvents.

The compound demonstrates optical isomerism.

Lithium lactate emits acrid smoke when heated to decomposition.

Chemical properties
Lithium lactate reacts with triphosgene to obtain lactic acid-O-internal anhydride. It can be used as a precursor to prepare Li4SiO4, Li4Ti5O12/C and other materials.

Use
Lithium lactate is part of drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid from the body.

It is also used as an Antipsychotic.

References

Lactates
Lithium compounds
Manganese lactate. Manganese lactate is an organic chemical compound, a salt of manganese and lactic acid with the formula Mn(C3H5O3)2. The compound forms light pink crystals, soluble in water, forming crystalline hydrates.

Synthesis
Dissolution of manganese carbonate in lactic acid solution:
 MnCO3 + 2C3H6O3 → Mn(C3H5O3)2 + CO2 + H2O

Physical properties
Manganese lactate forms light pink crystals.

Manganese lactate is soluble in water and ethanol.

Manganese lactate forms crystalline hydrates of composition Mn(C3H5O3)2•n H2O, where n = 2 and 3. Each lactate is a bidentate ligand. Two water molecules coordinate directly to the metal as well, cis to each other, to complete the octahedral cluster. In the trihydrate, the third water molecule is involved in hydrogen-bonding further away in the crystal structure.

Its dihydrate forms an orthorhombic crystal, the space group is P212121.

The trihydrate is a monoclinic crystal, and the space group is P21.

References

Lactates
Manganese compounds
Shark.Aero. Shark.Aero spol. s.r.o. is a Slovak aircraft manufacturer based in Senica. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ready-to-fly ultralight aircraft. Its sole product is the Shark.Aero Shark, produced in several models since 2006.

History

The company was co-founded by designers Vladimír Pekár and Jaroslav Dostál and began operations and design work on the Shark ultralight in 2006.

The company is organized as a spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným, a Slovak private limited company.

The concept for the Shark aircraft was first announced at the AERO Friedrichshafen aviation expo in Germany in 2007. In 2008, the company completed work on the first prototype of its Shark aircraft and it first flew in 2009.

In 2011, the company delivered the first three Shark aircraft to foreign customers in France and Germany. In 2012, the company completed the sale of six new aircraft to customers. 2013 saw the company receive the Czech Republic's type certificate LAA ČR, as well as the German type certificate Deutscher Aero club e.V. Six to eight Shark planes were built and sold between 2013 and 2015, with plans to increase deliveries up to twelve a year in late 2016.

The Shark aircraft has also received three awards, the Flieger Award 2012, and the Aerokurier 2015 and Aerokurier 2016 awards for "Ultralight of the Future", in two consecutive years.

References

External links

 (English version)
Aircraft manufacturers of Slovakia
Ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Manufacturing companies established in 2006
Slovakian companies established in 2006
Slovak brands
Cape Cod Gemini. The Cape Cod Gemini is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by A. Sidney DeWolf Herreshoff as a day sailer and first built in 1955.

Production
The design was initially built by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company and later by Cape Cod Shipbuilding in the United States. A total of 150 boats have been completed since 1955, but it is now out of production. The manufacturer indicates that the molds are still available and that production could be re-started with a fleet order.

Design
The Cape Cod Gemini is a planing sailboat, initially built of wood and later constructed of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a plumb stem, an angled transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and twin retractable leeboards. It displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with a leeboard extended and  with both retracted, allowing operation in shallow water, beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The design is normally sailed with a crew of two sailors, but can accommodate up to five adults.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Official website

Dinghies
1950s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by A. Sidney DeWolf Herreshoff
Sailboat types built by Cape Cod Shipbuilding
Conrad Machine Co.. Conrad Machine Co. is an independent manufacturer of etching and lithography presses, which it first began producing in 1956. The company was founded in 1945 by brothers Earl and Robert Conrad, and they offered general engineering services as well as their own products. The company moved to Whitehall, Michigan in 1973.

In addition to their own brand, Conrad manufactures presses under the American French Tool label, having absorbed the American French Tool Co. in 1999. Similarly, they offer press designs under the names "Rembrandt" and "Brand New", the latter being a revised version of the press sold by the Charles Brand press company that operated from 1965 to 1990.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Michigan
Manufacturing companies established in 1945
Printing press manufacturers
Iveco EuroTrakker. The Iveco EuroTrakker is a truck produced by Iveco for use in construction and off-road. Externally, it resembles the EuroTech, with which it shares the cab and many other features. However, it has a stronger frame, greater ground clearance, different axles and optional all-wheel drive.

Overview
The EuroTrakker was first released in 1993. When it entered South Korea, it imported dump trucks for the first time through Halla Heavy Industries, The truck was available in six and eight wheel tipper format, 4x4 and 6x6 rigid format and also a 6x4 tractor format. The engine options offered produced 227hp to 370hp supported by ZF 16 speed manual gearbox and Eaton 12 speed was optional also the high-powered versions offered hub reduction capable of 40ton payload capacity which made them suitable for super to heavy-duty operations.

The import was practically discontinued when Halla went bankrupt due to the IMF bailout in 1997. The EuroTrakker was discontinued in 2004 when its successor, the Trakker, was released. In Libya, the EuroTrakker is manufactured under the Trucks and Bus Company brand name.

References

External links 

EuroTrakker
Cab over vehicles