omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Advanced Turbine Engine Company. The Advanced Turbine Engine Company (ATEC) is an American aerospace joint venture created in 2006. A project of Honeywell International Inc. and Pratt & Whitney, ATEC was formed to compete for a government contract to create a 3,000 shaft horsepower engine to replace the existing 2,000 shaft horsepower T700 engine powering the U.S. Army's Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and Boeing AH-64 Apache helicopters. 

ATEC participated in the Army's Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine science and technology program and completed multiple tests of its ATEC T900 engine. It is furthering the engine's development through the Army's competitive Improved Turbine Engine Program, which calls for a new helicopter engine with 50 percent more power and 25 percent better fuel efficiency. The company opened its Huntsville, Alabama, office in November 2014.

History
Honeywell International Inc. and United Technologies Corporation subsidiary Pratt & Whitney created the Advanced Turbine Engine Company in 2006. The company is led by Craig Madden, president, and Jerry Wheeler, vice president, programs. At the 2007 Paris Air Show, the fifty-fifty joint venture said it would participate in the U.S. Army's Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine (AATE) program. In May 2008, the Army awarded a $108 million contract to ATEC for the science and technology initiative to replace the current T700 engine. Through the project, the Army seeks to increase the power and efficiency of engines for Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk and Boeing AH-64 Apache helicopters, to keep the helicopters in the fleet for an additional 30 years or more. ATEC is competing against GE Aviation to develop the new engine.

Parent company facilities in Connecticut and Arizona hosted the early development of ATEC's HPW3000 engine. ATEC conducted tests of the HPW3000 in 2013 and 2014, including a sand ingestion demonstration. As of May 2015, ATEC is preparing to move into the Army's next phase of helicopter engine development, the Improved Turbine Engine Program (ITEP), following the AATE program. Maj. Gen. Michael Lundy, who commanded the Army Aviation Center of Excellence, and Heidi Shyu, the Army's assistant secretary for acquisition, called ITEP the Army's top aviation modernization priority. The National Defense Authorization Act funded ITEP at $126 million for Fiscal Year 2017.

In November 2014, ATEC moved to the Cummings Research Park in Huntsville, Alabama. The Huntsville Times reported that city officials lobbied for three years to get ATEC to locate there. Originally, Wheeler said four or five management and business development workers would work out of the new office, in addition to visiting engineers and logistics professionals.

Products
 ATEC T900

References

External links

Aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Huntsville, Alabama
Turboshaft engine manufacturers
United Technologies
2006 establishments in the United States
Robert Ghrist. Robert W. Ghrist (born 1969) is an American mathematician, known for his work on topological methods in applied mathematics.

Life and work
Ghrist received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Toledo in 1991, and in 1994 his master's degree and in 1995 his PhD from Cornell University under Philip Holmes with thesis The link of periodic orbits of a flow. From 1996 to 1998, he was R. H. Bing Instructor at the University of Texas and from 1998 an assistant professor and then from 2002 an associate professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In 2002 he became an associate professor and in 2004 a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 2007, he was at the Information Trust Institute. In 2008, he was appointed Andrea Mitchell Penn Integrating Knowledge University Professor in Mathematics and Electrical/Systems Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania.

Ghrist was a visiting scientist in 1995 at the Institute for Advanced Study and in 2000 at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge. He works on the application of topological methods to dynamical systems, robots, hydrodynamics, and information systems, such as sensor networks.

Honors and awards
In 2002, Ghrist received a Presidential Early Career Award. In 2013, he received the Chauvenet Prize for Barcodes: The Persistent Topology of Data and in 2014 the Gauss Lectureship of the German Mathematical Society.

Selected works

See also 
 Topological data analysis

References

External links
Homepage
Applied topology and Dante: an interview with Robert Ghrist; The Endeavour, John D. Cook

20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
University of Toledo alumni
Cornell University alumni
University of Illinois faculty
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Mathematicians at the University of Pennsylvania
1969 births
Living people
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Georgia Tech faculty
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Chasles' theorem (gravity). In gravitation, Chasles' theorem says that the Newtonian gravitational attraction of a spherical shell, outside of that shell, is equivalent mathematically to the attraction of a point mass. The theorem is conventionally known as Newton's shell theorem, but is attributed to Michel Chasles (1793–1880) by Benjamin Peirce.

Benjamin Peirce followed Chasles work on that developed an analogy between conduction of heat and gravitational attraction:
A single current in a direction perpendicular to the level surfaces, and having a velocity proportionate to the decrease in density … is the law of propagation of heat, when there is no radiation, and hence arise the analogies between the levels and isothermal surfaces, and the identity of the mathematical investigations of the attraction of bodies and the propagation of heat which have been developed by Chasles.
The Chaslesian shell is the figure that Peirce exploits:
If an infinitely thin homogeneous shell is formed upon each level surface, of a system of bodies, having at each point a thickness proportional to the attraction at that point, the portion of either of these shells, which is included in a canal formed by trajectories, bears the same ratio to the whole shell, which the portion of another shell included in the same canal bears to that shell, provided there is no mass included between the shells.
The conception of these shells, and the investigation of their acting and reacting properties was original with Chasles, and it will be convenient, as it is appropriate, to designated them as Chaslesian shells.
Chasles' theorem as expressed by Peirce:
The external level surfaces of a shell are the same with those of the original masses, and the attraction of the shell upon an external point has the same direction with the attraction of the original masses, and is normal to the level surface passing through the point. This theorem is due to Chasles.
The ellipsoid is recruited to bound the Chaslesian shells:
An infinitely thin homogeneous shell, of which the inner and outer surfaces are those of similar, and similarly placed, concentric ellipsoids, is a Chaslesian shell.

See also 

 Newton's shell theorem

References 

Theorems in mathematical physics
Theories of gravity
Newtonian gravity
Integrated manure utilization system. IMUS (also known as integrated manure utilization system) is an anaerobic digestion technology that converts organic material into biogas that is used to produce electricity, heat and nutrients.  The technology uses waste such as municipal waste, cow manure, sand laden feed lot waste, and food processing waste.    The technology can be integrated with other industrial process, such as municipal facilities, open pen feedlots, food processing, and ethanol plants. The technology was developed in 1999 by Himark BioGas.

References 

Anaerobic digestion
Jigme Namgyel Engineering College. The Jigme Namgyel Engineering College (earlier known as Royal Bhutan Polytechnic, Royal Bhutan Institute of Technology and Jigme Namgyel Polytechnic) is a constituent colleges of the Royal University of Bhutan. It was established in 1972, coinciding with the third five-year economic development plan. It is  above sea level and is at the west end of Dewathang town. The institute is  from Samdrup Jongkhar in eastern Bhutan.

History 

It started with infrastructure development in 2018 and started offering diploma-level programmes in civil and electrical engineering from 22 February 1974. The course in mechanical engineering was introduced in 1988. In the early '70s, it offered certificate-level courses in surveying and draughting. (The courses in surveying and draughting were discontinued from the late '80s.)

References 

Colleges in Bhutan
Educational institutions established in 1972
1970s establishments in Bhutan
Henning Sirringhaus. Henning Sirringhaus  is Hitachi Professor of Electron Device Physics, Head of the Microelectronics Group and a member of the Optoelectronics Group at the Cavendish Laboratory. He is also a Fellow of Churchill College at the University of Cambridge.

Education
Sirringhaus was educated at ETH Zürich where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree and PhD in physics. From 1995-1996 he worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at Princeton University.

Research
Sirringhaus does research on the charge and spin transport and photophysics of organic semiconductors as well as solution-processible inorganic semiconductors including halide perovskites. Sirringhaus leads an active research group with over 30 members including PhD students and postdoctoral researchers.

Awards and honours
Sirringhaus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2009, his nomination reads:

References

Living people
ETH Zurich alumni
Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cell biophysics. Cell biophysics (or cellular biophysics) is a sub-field of biophysics that focuses on physical principles underlying cell function. Sub-areas of current interest include statistical models of intracellular signaling dynamics, intracellular transport, cell mechanics (including membrane and cytoskeletal mechanics), molecular motors, biological electricity and genetic network theory.  The field has benefited greatly from recent advances in live-cell molecular imaging techniques that allow spatial and temporal measurement of macromolecules and macromolecular function. Specialized imaging methods like FRET, FRAP, photoactivation and single molecule imaging have proven useful for mapping macromolecular transport, dynamic conformational changes in proteins and macromolecular interactions. Super-resolution microscopy allows imaging of cell structures below the optical resolution of light. Combining novel experimental tools with mathematical models grounded in the physical sciences has enabled significant recent breakthroughs in the field. Multiple centers across the world are advancing the research area

References

Biophysics
Cell biology
Harland Bowden. Lieutenant-Colonel George Robert Harland Bowden (1873 – 10 October 1927) was a British mechanical engineer and Conservative Party politician.

Born in Durham, at the age of 15 he was apprenticed to Lambton Collieries whilst attending classes at Durham College of Science.

In 1890 he moved to South Wales as improver for the ironworks at Tondu. In 1891 he became assistant engineer and chief draughtsman at Cyfarthfa Ironworks, Merthyr Tydfil. He returned to North East England in 1896 as manager of D Selby Bigge and Company, an engineering company based in Newcastle. In 1902 he founded his own company, G Harland Bowden and Company, consulting engineers of Victoria Street, London. The firm specialised in the design and installation of colliery and factory plants.  In 1908 he became a Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers.

In 1907 Bowden was granted a Volunteer Force commission in the Royal Garrison Artillery.

Bowden was active in Conservative Party politics, and in April 1912 was adopted as the party's prospective candidate for the parliamentary constituency of North East Derbyshire. In April 1914 the sitting Labour Party member of parliament for North East Derbyshire died, causing a by-election. The by-election was held on 20 May, and Bowden was elected to the Commons, gaining the seat for the Conservatives with a majority of 314 votes. During World War I Bowden became commanding officer of 17th (Empire) Battalion, the Royal Fusiliers, a war-formed unit. He continued to hold his parliamentary seat during the war, but found himself estranged from the Conservative Party, going so far as to issue libel proceedings against a party official. At the 1918 general election he defended his seat as an Independent Conservative, opposed by a Conservative candidate who had the support of the Coalition Government. He lost his seat to the Liberal candidate, finishing in third place. In October 1919 he was awarded 125 pounds in damages for libel against the vice-chairman of the North East Derbyshire Unionist Association. By the time of the 1924 general election Bowden had repaired his ties to the Conservatives, and stood as the party's candidate in North East Derbyshire once more. He was unsuccessful, with the Labour Party holding the seat.

He died suddenly at his home, "Rodney", Belmont Hill, St Albans in October 1927, aged 54.

References

External links 
 

1873 births
1927 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
UK MPs 1910–1918
Royal Fusiliers officers
Royal Artillery officers
English mechanical engineers
Black Science (comics). Black Science is a creator-owned science fiction American comic book series by Rick Remender and Italian artist Matteo Scalera. Image Comics released the first issue in November 2013. The story follows Grant McKay, an ex-member of the Anarchist Order of Scientists, and his team and family as they are thrown through dimensions as they try to repair his dimensional device, "the Pillar", created by forbidden, unethical means – the eponymous "Black Science". Via the Pillar, McKay and his fellow "Dimensionauts" were able to leap between worlds to find technological and medical advances for their own, but a member of Grant's team sabotages the pillar, causing it to jump to random locations at random times in increasingly lethal and hostile dimensions, forcing the team to try to return to their own dimension before they are killed by numerous hazards, ranging from parasitic fungi, nihilistic dimensional conquerors, and alternate versions of themselves.

The first several issues of Black Science sold out of first printings at the distributor level, and Image announced that certain issues would be reprinted.

Synopsis

Grant McKay, former member of The Anarchistic Order of Scientists, has finally done the impossible: He has deciphered Black Science and punched through the barriers of reality. Grant theorizes that each alternate reality of what he calls the "Eververse" is like an onion. Pierce into each and you discover a new dimension, one based an infinite variety of choices made by everyone everywhere. What lies at the center is perhaps the primal universe that started it all. What lies beyond the veil is not epiphany, however, but chaos. Now Grant and his team are lost; living ghosts shipwrecked on an infinite ocean of alien worlds, barreling through the long-forgotten, ancient, and unimaginable dark realms.

Characters

Chandra – Second in command to Kadir.
Grant McKay – Member of the Anarchist League of Scientists, father of Nathan and Pia McKay.
Kadir – Bankrolled the Pillar project, often at odds with head scientist Grant McKay.
Nathan McKay – Grant McKay's son, stranded with him in another dimension after the sabotage of the Pillar.
Pia McKay – Grant McKay's daughter, stranded with him in another dimension after the sabotage of the Pillar.
Rebecca – Scientist who worked on The Pillar and began an affair with Grant McKay.
Sara McKay – Grant McKay's wife.
Shawn – Junior scientist on the Pillar project for the Anarchistic Order of Scientists.
Ward – Ex-military, now security officer for the Anarchistic Order of Scientists and Grant McKay.
The Shaman – A medicine man from a dimension where Germany and highly technically advanced Native Americans are at war, who is abducted by, then later joins the Dimensionauts.

Collected editions

References

External links 
 Black Science at Image Comics
 Black Science at Comic Vine

Image Comics titles
2013 comics debuts
Comics by Rick Remender
Comics publications
Leet (programming language). Leet (or L33t) is an esoteric programming language based loosely on Brainfuck and named for the resemblance of its source code to the symbolic language "L33t 5p34k". L33t was designed by Stephen McGreal and Alex Mole to be as confusing as possible. It is Turing-complete and has the possibility for self-modifying code. Software written in the language can make network connections and may therefore be used to write malware.

Language specification

The basic data unit of L33t is the unsigned byte (big-endian), which can represent ASCII values and numbers in the range 0-255.

The source code is in "l33t 5p34k" and words are separated by spaces or carriage returns. The language uses 10 opcodes and each word in the source code is translated into an opcode by adding all the digits in the word together, e.g. l33t = 3 + 3 = 6. It is not necessary to use anything but digits in the code.

The language uses a 64K block of memory, and 2 pointers - a memory pointer and an instruction pointer. The l33t interpreter tokenizes all the words in the source to create a sequence of numerical opcodes, and places them in order into the memory block, starting at byte 0.  The instruction pointer will keep incrementing until it encounters an END. The memory pointer starts at the first byte after the instructions. Memory "wraps": incrementing the memory and the instruction pointer past 64K will cause it to run around to byte 0, and vice versa.

Memory pointers can also be moved into the area of memory occupied by the instructions, so code can be self modified at runtime. Similarly, the instruction pointer will continue incrementing or jumping until it encounters an END, so code can be generated at runtime and subsequently executed.

Opcodes

Bugs

 F00l!  c0d3 1s b1g3R th4n  m3m0ry!!1!
You tried to load a program that is too big to fit in the memory. Note that at compile time, one byte is reserved for the memory buffer,
so the program's size must be less than the memory size minus one byte.
 Byt3 s1z3 must be at l34st 11, n00b!
The byte_size argument of new() was less than 11. The byte size of an interpreter must be at least 11 (to accommodate for the opcodes).
 L0L!!1!1!! n0 l33t pr0gr4m l04d3d, sUxX0r!
run() called before any program was loaded.

Interpreters

Python
Written by Alex Mole. Does not support the CON opcode, but otherwise considered the "definitive" interpreter.

Ruby
Written by Eric Redmond. This one contains an implementation of CON.

JavaScript
By Phil McCarthy, it is based on the Python one but is a bit more interactive.

C
Interpreters for C have been written by Kuisma Salonen (for use in Linux) and by Alecs King.

Perl 6
By Gaal Yahas.  This interpreter is notable for being the first which comes with a debugger.

References

External links
 Official Website
 Leet on Esolang
 Language-l33t-0.02 on CPAN

Esoteric programming languages
Alireza Yaghoubi. Alireza Yaghoubi (born 1990 in Tehran, Iran) is an entrepreneur, engineer, scientist, inventor and designer. He is internationally recognized for designing AirGo, an ergonomic passenger environment which has been described as "the future of airlines seating". Alireza is a recipient of James Dyson design award.  He is also the co-founder and CTO of a Singapore-based startup named AirGo Design. In materials science and physical chemistry, he is known for his contribution to the fields of biomedical implants, plasma-assisted inorganic synthesis, and development of nanomaterials for clean energy. In honor of his achievements and despite his young age, he has been appointed to an endowed chair as the high impact research young scientist at University of Malaya from where he has also received a bachelor's degree as the Frederic Barnes Waldron student of mechanical engineering.

References 

1990 births
Living people
21st-century Iranian engineers
21st-century Iranian inventors
Iranian designers
Businesspeople from Tehran
University of Malaya alumni
Talus Atlantic 85 DO-DO launch carriage. The Talus Atlantic 85 DO-DO launch carriage is a drive on - drive off lifeboat launch and recovery carriage used by the RNLI to launch its Atlantic class inshore lifeboats.

Design 
The design is by Clayton Engineering Limited, who worked with the RNLI to produce the launch system. The carriage works in conjunction with Talus tractors which are used to deploy the Atlantic 85 inshore lifeboats. There are three versions of the carriage which includes a standard carriage and the option of a hydraulic power pack so that the angle of the launch can be changed to suit the conditions. The carriage launch platform has a main bed which elevates through 10° to achieve this feature. The third variant of the carriage has the elevation bed mounted on a rail carriage system.

Operation 
Under normal launch conditions the lifeboat is loaded with its bow to the rear of the carriage to allow faster deployment. When the lifeboat is recovered it reverses back on to the launch bed. Depending on the sea condition the helmsman require good seamanship to achieve this.

Carriage fleet

See also 
 Talus MB-H amphibious tractor
 Talus MB-764 amphibious tractor
 Talus MB-4H amphibious tractor
 RNLI New Holland TC45 launch tractor

References 

Royal National Lifeboat Institution launch vehicles
Major State Highway 10 (Maharashtra). Maharashtra Major State Highway 10, commonly referred to as MH or MSH-10, is a major state highway that runs north east through Amravati districts in the state of Maharashtra. This state highway touches numerous cities and villages Viz. Nandgoan, Morshi,  Warud and then proceeds north-west towards Maharashtra-Madhya Pradesh state border. This highway enters in Madhya Pradesh State near Bangoan village which is on border of Amravati district of Maharashtra and Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh and ends at Bangoan village which is just 15 km East of Pandhurna in Madhya Pradesh.

Summary 
This  highway is passing along with Upper Wardha Dam popularly known as Nal Damyanti Sagar Dam.

Route description 
Below is the brief summary of the route followed by this state highway.

Amravati District 
This highway starts off from intersection of National Highway 47 near Nandgoan village and proceeds North-West towards Pusla village in Warud Taluka.

Chandur Taluka

Morshi Taluka

Warud Taluka

Major junctions

National highways 
National Highway NH-53 near Nandgoan village, Amravati district.

State highways 
 State Highway-244 at Warud city, Warud taluka, Amravati District.
 State Highway-247 at Warud city, Warud taluka, Amravati District.
 State Highway-240 at Morshi city, Morshi taluka, Amravati District.
 State Highway 24A at Nandgoan village, Amravati taluka, Amravati District.

Connections 
Many villages, cities and towns in various districts are connected by this state highway.
Nandgoan
Morshi
Warud

References

See also 
 List of State Highways in Maharashtra

State highways in Maharashtra