omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aeronautics Defense Orbiter. The Orbiter Mini UAV System is an Israeli compact and lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle designed for use in military and security applications. It has been used in the Middle East since it was first developed. The system is used for 'Over The Hill' reconnaissance missions, Low Intensity Conflicts and Urban warfare operations as well as any close range ISTAR mission. It is manufactured by the Israeli company Aeronautics Defense Systems.

Aeronautics announced in May 2015 the Orbiter 1K "Kingfisher" version with a fuselage adapted to carry a  explosive payload, turning it into a loitering munition.  It can be controlled by an operator, or is capable of being given a waypoint and independently scanning the area to detect and destroy a stationary or moving target.  If a target is not detected, the Orbiter 1K can return to base and land for reuse. The Orbiter 1K can fly for 2–3 hours carrying an electro-optical/infrared sensor with a unique warhead that, due to its low acoustic signature, “is not detected until two seconds before it starts its kill dive”.  Aeronautics announced the armed loitering UAV achieved operational status in August 2016.

Accidents and incidents
According to news reports, an Orbiter Mini UAV, operated by the Mexican Federal Government, likely the Federal Police, malfunctioned on December 17, 2010. During a surveillance operation, it crossed the border into US airspace and crashed in El Paso, Texas. No property was damaged, as the UAV apparently deployed a parachute during its descent. It was reported to and retrieved by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Operational history
The Orbiter 1k was employed by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.  In 2017, Israeli company Aeronautics Limited was hit with fraud charges and violation of Israel's export control laws. Israeli members of the company were found to have “demonstrated” their suicide drone with an actual strike on Armenians in the region. Critics maintained that Israeli supplying regimes cheap drones like these were fueling the conflict in Armenia and Azerbaijan.

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era 

 Orlan-10

Operators
 - Azerbaijani Land Forces - Orbiter-3 - has a local plant for manufacturing
 - Croatian Army - The latest variant Orbiter 3b - 6
 - Finnish Army - two sets delivered - Orbiter-2B
 - Hellenic Army - "Large numbers" were procured in April 2023 for use with the SPIKE-NLOS systems
 - Paskhas  - Orbiter-2B 
 - Irish Army - Orbiter-2B
 - Israeli Sea Corps
 - Mexican Federal Police PEMEX - Orbiter-2B 
 - Peruvian Army
 - Polish Land Forces and Polish Special Forces - 11 sets delivered - Orbiter-2B
 - Serbian Army - 10 sets
 - Republic of Singapore Air Force - Orbiter-4 
 - South African National Defence Force
 - Ministry of Defence - Orbiter-3.
 - Royal Thai Navy
 - Orbiter 2B
 - Orbiter-4
 - 3 on order
 - Witnessed in the Ukrainian skies on November 17, 2022

References

External links

Unmanned military aircraft of Israel
Orbiter
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Stone-boat. A stone-boat is a type of sled (sledge) for moving heavy objects such as stones or hay bales. Originally they were for animal-powered transport used with horses or oxen to clear fields of stones and other uses and may still be used with animals or tractors today.

The device may look like a low-profile sled with timber runners or have a flat bottom of planks secured together to slide over soft ground or snow.  Originally  made of wood, metal versions exist with hinges.

See also 
 
 
 Galamander

References 	

Animal-powered vehicles
Aeronautics Defense Skystar 300. The Skystar 300 is a surveillance blimp. It is an ISR system that provides surveillance capabilities accomplished by simple equipment, which requires minimal operating skills and maintenance procedures. The system is composed of the Aerostat Balloon, filled with helium gas, dual sensor payload, control unit and the data link between the control unit and the balloon.

Operators

 
  - The Mexican government signed a $22 million deal with Israeli company Aeronautics Defense Systems, Ltd. The contract will supply an unmanned spy plane and surveillance blimp to the Mexican Federal Police.

References

External links
Skystar 300 Page

Surveillance
Skystar 300
Balloons (aeronautics)
Unmanned blimps
Digital Electronic Message Service. The Digital Electronic Message Service (DEMS) is a two-way wireless radio service

for passing of message and facsimile data using the 10.6 and 24 GHz band. As of 1997, Associated Communications was expected to use the band to create a network in 31 U.S. cities.

In October 2005, the FCC moved part of the DEMS service from the 18/19 GHz band to 24 GHz.

References 

Radio communications
Marine Scientific Research Institute of radioelectronics. Marine Scientific Research Institute of radioelectronics or MNIIRE Altair design bureau () is a Soviet/Russian enterprise, developer of naval SA missile systems and radars. Headquartered in Moscow.

History
Founded in 1933 as the All-Union State Institute of Telemechanics and Communication for the development of new weapon types for the Red Army and the Red Navy.

In 1940 the institute was granted the Lenin Prize for the development of Rif, Zarnitsa and Angara radars for the small ships, torpedo boats and minesweepers

In 1984 received the second Lenin Prize for the development of multi-channel SAM systems like Shtil, Rif and Klinok that allowed to combat the anti-ship missiles.

In 2010 Altair became a subsidiary of NPO Almaz, as the company's Science & Technical Center. Altair ceased to exist as a separate legal entity during the same year (December 22, 2010).

Products
Major developments:
 S-300F (SA-N-6 "Grumble"), naval SAM system
 Uragan/Shtil (SA-N-7 "Gadfly"), naval multirole SAM system
 Kinzhal/Klinok (SA-N-9 "Gauntlet"), naval SAM system
 Gibka, the ship turret launcher 3M-47 
 Podzagolovok-23, Basic Collective Mutual Interference Avoidance System

Management 

 1933-1937: Suchkov F. F.
 1937-1940: Shorin A. F.
 1940-1942: ?
 1942-1949: Kalmykov V. D.
 1949-1952: Savelyev B. N.
 1953-1976: Petelin M. P.
 1976-1978: Bukatov V. A.
 1978-1986: Malennikov L. B.
 1986-1991: Izmaylov V. F.
 1991-2006: Klimov S. A.
 2006-2007: Gusev V. N.
 2008-2010: Dobrik I. I.

References

External links 
  Official site of Altair
  Official site of Altair (old site)

1933 establishments in Russia
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Defence companies of Russia
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Science and technology in Russia
Almaz-Antey
Manufacturing companies established in 1933
Electronics companies established in 1933
Companies based in Moscow
Electronics companies of the Soviet Union
PLEX (programming language). PLEX (Programming Language for EXchanges) is a special-purpose, concurrent, real-time programming language.  The proprietary PLEX language is closely tied to the architecture of Ericsson's AXE telephone exchanges which it was designed to control. PLEX was developed by Göran Hemdahl at Ericsson in the 1970s,  and it has been continuously evolving since then. PLEX was described in 2008 as "a cross between Fortran and a macro assembler."

The language has two variants: Plex-C used for the AXE Central Processor (CP) and Plex-M used for Extension Module Regional Processors (EMRP).

Ericsson started a project in the mid-1980s to create a successor language, which resulted in Erlang. According to co-creator Joe Armstrong, "Erlang was heavily influenced by PLEX and the AXE design." Erlang did not replace PLEX, but was used alongside it.

Execution model
A system is divided into separately compiled and loaded units of code called "blocks." A block waits for one or more signals sent from elsewhere in the system, which triggers code execution.

Pre-compilers

Several precompilers or code generators exist, to produce source code in Plex-C from higher level languages or graphical models. These can generate Plex-C from:

 Specification and Description Language graphical representation (SDL/GR)
 Plex-SQL, an extension of Plex-C with database facilities
 High Level Plex (HLPLEX) another extension of Plex-C

Source code in Plex-C is compiled into the assembly language ASA210C. The binary form of ASA210C is either interpreted by a combination of hardware and microcode, or is compiled by a just-in-time compiler into native machine code for a high-capacity microprocessor.

References

Concurrent programming languages
Domain-specific programming languages
Ericsson
Programming languages created in the 1970s
Rob Pike. Robert Pike (born 1956) is a Canadian programmer and author.
He is best known for his work on the Go programming language while working at Google
and the Plan 9 operating system while working at Bell Labs, where he was a member of the Unix team.

Pike wrote the first window system for Unix in 1981. He is the sole inventor named in the US patent for overlapping windows on a computer display.

With Brian Kernighan, he is the co-author of The Practice of Programming and The Unix Programming Environment. With Ken Thompson, he is the co-creator of UTF-8 character encoding.

Additional works 

While at Bell Labs, Pike was also involved in the creation of the
Blit graphical terminal for Unix,
the Inferno operating system, and the Limbo programming language.
Pike also developed lesser systems such as the Newsqueak concurrent programming language and the vismon program for displaying faces of email authors.

Over the years, Pike has written many text editors; sam and acme are the most well known.

Pike started working at Google in 2002.
While there, he was also involved in the creation of the programming language Sawzall. 

Pike appeared on Late Night with David Letterman, as a technical assistant to the comedy duo Penn & Teller.

Personal life 

Pike is married to author and illustrator Renée French; the couple live both in the US and Australia.

See also 
The plumber – the interprocess communications mechanism used in Plan 9 and Inferno
Mark V. Shaney – an artificial Usenet poster designed by Pike

References

External links 

 The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Unix Legacy – Slides of his presentation at the commemoration of 1000000000 seconds of the Unix clock. (Archive on cat-v.org)
 Systems Software Research is Irrelevant (a.k.a. utah2000); slides; ps file
 Pike's personal homepage
 Pike's Google homepage ()
 

1956 births
Living people
Canadian computer scientists
Computer programmers
Canadian technology writers
Unix people
Google employees
Plan 9 people
Inferno (operating system) people
Scientists at Bell Labs
Programming language designers
Odisei. Odisei S.A. was a French company based in Sophia-Antipolis, France that developed the first Internet protocol private branch exchange (IP-PBX) software solution hosted by carriers. It was founded by Frédéric Artru in 1998 based on his work at the Versit Consortium. Odisei was acquired by 8x8 in May 1999. It is likely the highest return on investment on a time-basis for a French-based technology company (50 to 1 ROI for seed investors).

Odisei offered the IntraSwitch IP-PBX, a Java-based solution that runs on a carrier-grade server located at a telephony service provider's site and provides voice and data services to individuals, small and large businesses, local exchange carriers and Internet service providers. IntraSwitch is to this date the sole complete implantation strictly following the Versit CTI ENcyclopedia specifications.

After acquisition by 8x8, Odisei changed its name to Netergy Networks Software Division then to Centile. In 2003, Centile was bought out from 8x8 by Eurotel, a Nordic countries private investor group. Centile has since focused its activities on premises-based IP-PBX products.

Notes

References

Software companies of France
Software companies established in 1998
Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All. Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) was a project to distribute efficient LED lighting, launched by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 5 Jan 2015. The project is spearheaded by the Energy Efficiency Services Limited. In non-subsidized LED lamp distribution projects, this program is considered the world's largest. In May 2017, the Government of India announced that they were expanding the LED distribution project to the United Kingdom.

See also
 Energy Conservation Building Code

References

Energy conservation in India
Government schemes in India
Modi administration initiatives
Ministry of Power (India)
2015 establishments in India
Lauryldimethylamine oxide. Lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO), also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide–based zwitterionic surfactant, with a C12 (dodecyl) alkyl tail. It is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type. Like other amine oxide–based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli, however, it is also non-denaturing and can thus be used for protein purification.

At high concentrations, LDAO forms liquid crystalline phases. Despite having only one polar atom that is able to interact with water – the oxygen atom (the quaternary nitrogen atom is hidden from intermolecular interactions), DDAO is a strongly amphiphilic surfactant: it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.  High amphiphilicity of this surfactant can be explained by the fact that it forms not only very strong hydrogen bonds with water: the energy of DDAO – water hydrogen bond is about 50 kJ/mol, but it also has high experimental partition coefficient in non-polar medium, as characterized by experimental logP 5.284

See also
Myristamine oxide – An analogous compound with a C14 tail

References

Amine oxides
Surfactants
Dodecyl compounds
Tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control system. A tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control system generates target position, speed, direction, and rate of target range change, by computing these parameters directly from measured data. 
The target's range, height and observed bearing data are fed into a computer which uses the measured change in range, height and bearing from successive observations of the target to compute the true range, direction, speed and rate of climb or descent of the target. The computer then calculates the required elevation and bearing of the AA guns to hit the target based upon its predicted movement.

The computers were at first entirely mechanical analog computers utilizing gears and levers to physically perform the calculations of protractors and slide rules, using moving graph charts and markers to provide an estimate of speed and position. Variation of target position over time was accomplished with constant-drive motors to run the mechanical simulation.

The term tachymetric should more properly be spelled as "tachometric" which comes from the Greek "takhos" = speed, and "metric" = measure, hence tachometric, to measure speed.

An alternative, non-tachometric, gonometric  method of AA prediction is for specially trained observers to estimate the course and speed of the target manually and feed these estimates, along with the measured bearing and range data, into the AA fire control computer which then generates change of bearing rate and change of range data, and passes them back to the observer, typically by a "follow the pointer", indicator of predicted target elevation and bearing or by remote power control of the observer's optical instruments. The observer then corrects the estimate, creating a feed back loop, by comparing the observed target motion against the computer generated motion of his optical sights. When the sights stay on the target, the estimated speed, range, and change of rate data can be considered correct.

An example of tachometric AA fire control would be the USN Mk 37 system. The early RN High Angle Control System (HACS) I through IV and the early Fuze Keeping Clock (FKC) were examples of non-tachometric systems. 

By 1940 the RN was adding a Gyro Rate Unit (GRU) which fed bearing and elevation data to a Gyro Rate Unit Box computer (GRUB), which also received ranging data to calculate target speed and direction directly, and this tachometric data was then fed directly to the HACS fire control computer, converting the HACS into a tachometric system.

Notes

External links
 The RN Pocket Gunnery Book 
 BRITISH MECHANICAL GUNNERY COMPUTERS OF WORLD WAR II 

Naval anti-aircraft weapons
Military computers
J.A. Jones Construction. J.A. Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Operating internationally since the 1950s, it merged with Germany's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979. In 2003, the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company.

History

The company was founded by James Addison Jones in the 1890s. One of Jones' early landmark projects was the twelve-story Independence Building, Charlotte's first "skyscraper" and the soon to be first office of J.A. Jones Construction.

In 1930, the company won a major contract to build a new military airbase in the Canal Zone in Panama.

During World War II, the company built 212 cargo ships and tankers and was a substantial builder of Liberty ships in support of the war effort. It also built Camp Shelby in Mississippi as well as K-25 and K-27, production plants for manufacturing Uranium-235 at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

In August 1965, The U.S. Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks selected J.A. Jones Construction to be a part of the construction consortium, RMK-BRJ, formed to perform $2 billion in infrastructure construction in Vietnam in support of the Vietnam War build-up. This contract was closed out in 1972 and the consortium disbanded.

In 1979, the company was acquired by Philipp Holzmann A.G. and under that company's ownership Jones went on to build the 88-story Petronas Towers, for a while the tallest buildings in the world. However Holzman got into financial difficulties in the late 1990s and this led to the bankruptcy of Jones in 2003 and subsequent sale of Jones' subsidiaries as going concerns.

References

External links
Jones Alumni Association
K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant at Oak Ridge
Ships for Victory: J.A. Jones Construction Company and Liberty Ships in Brunswick, Georgia from the Digital Library of Georgia

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United States
Companies based in North Carolina
Defunct companies based in North Carolina
John Hilton (industrial relations). John Hilton (1880–1943) was the first Montague Burton Professor of Industrial Relations at Cambridge University, broadcaster and journalist.

Life
John Hilton was born in Lancashire. After serving an apprenticeship as a mill mechanic, he worked as foreman and manager of engineering works before spending the period 1907-08 studying in Russia.

After four years of lecturing and technical journalism, he became in 1912 the acting secretary of the Garton Foundation, newly established to propagate Norman Angell's ideas on international relations. In 1919 he joined the Ministry of Labour as Assistant Secretary and Director of Statistics.

In 1931 he took up the newly established position of Professor of Industrial Relations at the Cambridge University. In this period he made weekly broadcasts called This and that (1934–36) and This way out (1936–37), and wrote weekly articles and daily questions-and-answers in the News Chronicle (1936–39).

On the outbreak of the World War II he became in September 1939 Director of Home Publicity at the Ministry of Information, but stood down in the following June and resumed broadcasting, with John Hilton talking, speaking largely to those affected directly and personally by the war, those in the Forces, those left behind and those subject to industrial conscription.

He was approached in March 1942 by the News of the World to do the same sort of thing for the newspaper. So he became Director of the News of the World Industrial Advice Bureau which, after his death in August 1943, was renamed after him. Based in Cambridge the Bureau called on a panel drawn from dozens of professions with expertise to deal with readers' queries. It continued in peacetime until 1968, particularly addressing the public's concerns in their dealings with the Welfare State.

Selected publications
 (sections on ,  and )
 Industrial Relations Inaugural Lecture, Cambridge University Press, 1931
 This and That: the broadcast talks of John Hilton,  George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, 1938

References and sources
References

Sources
 John Hilton, The Story of his Life, by Edna Nixon, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, 1946

1880 births
1943 deaths
Professors of the University of Cambridge
English male journalists
English radio presenters
English male non-fiction writers
MAI-223. The MAI-223 Kityonok (, ) is a single-engine STOL ultralight aircraft developed by the Moscow Aviation Institute's special design bureau (OSKBEC) from 2002.  The first production aircraft was delivered in 2008.  A crop spraying version is under development. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development

The Kityonok is a parasol winged, conventionally laid-out ultralight which seats two side by side. The parasol configuration was used to increase wing lifting area to improve STOL performance. Though the prototype had a partly fabric-covered fuselage, later Kityonoks have glass fibre skins everywhere except for control surfaces.  The fuselage has an aluminium frame, and the wings have aluminium alloy ribs. The constant-chord wings are swept forward at about 4°, with 3° of dihedral and mount electrically operated flaps.  The wings are braced with a V-form pair of lift struts on each side, fixed to the lower fuselage close to the engine mounting and assisted by jury struts.  The centre section loads are carried by a centre-line pair of faired cabane struts.  The wings can be folded for storage.  The tailplane is trapezoidal and set at the top of the fuselage; there is an electrically operated trim tab on the port elevator.  The rudder has a ground-adjustable tab.

The Kityonok is normally powered by a 73.5 kW (98.6 hp) Rotax 912 ULS flat-four engine driving a three-bladed propeller, though the lower-powered Rotax 503UL or 582 UL are options. Access to the cabin is via two deep, glazed doors. The Kityonok has a conventional undercarriage with main wheels on backward-leaning cantilever legs mounted on torsion bars in the lower fuselage. The mainwheels have hydraulic brakes, and the tailwheel casters.  Alternatively it can be equipped with skis or floats.

Two production batches of 10 were begun in 2006, on by MAI and one by PRAD.  Plans were announced that year for production of the MAI-223SKh crop sprayer version at UZGA (The Ural Works of Civil Aviation) at Ekaterinburg.  4 Kityonoks had been completed by 2009.  Though it was intended to produce kits for home building as well as ready-to-fly aircraft, it is not known if any have been made.

Operational history
The third prototype/first production aircraft was delivered to the Tomsk Aero Club in 2008.

Variants
Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2011/12
MAI-223
Base version
MAI-223SKh
 Crop sprayer, announced 2006, first flight 31 August 2007. Can carry up to 160 L (42.2 US gal; 35.2 Imp gal) of chemicals distributed via an 8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) spray bar extending beyond the wings.
MAI-208
 Autogyro based on MAI-223 fuselage.

Specifications

See also

References

External links

 MAI-223 Kityonok at Jane's All the World's Aircraft

Agricultural aircraft
2000s Russian ultralight aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2004