omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability assessment (computing). Vulnerability assessment is a process of defining, identifying and classifying the security holes in information technology systems. An attacker can exploit a vulnerability to violate the security of a system. Some known vulnerabilities are Authentication Vulnerability, Authorization Vulnerability and Input Validation Vulnerability.

Purpose 
Before deploying a system, it first must go through from a series of vulnerability assessments that will ensure that the build system is secure from all the known security risks. When a new vulnerability is discovered, the system administrator can again perform an assessment, discover which modules are vulnerable, and start the patch process. After the fixes are in place, another assessment can be run to verify that the vulnerabilities were actually resolved. This cycle of assess, patch, and re-assess has become the standard method for many organizations to manage their security issues.

The primary purpose of the assessment is to find the vulnerabilities in the system, but the assessment report conveys to stakeholders that the system is secured from these vulnerabilities. If an intruder gained access to a network consisting of vulnerable Web servers, it is safe to assume that he gained access to those systems as well. Because of assessment report, the security administrator will be able to determine how intrusion occurred, identify compromised assets and take appropriate security measures to prevent critical damage to the system.

Assessment types 
Depending on the system a vulnerability assessment can have many types and level.

Host assessment 
A host assessment looks for system-level vulnerabilities such as insecure file permissions, application level bugs, backdoor and Trojan horse installations. It requires specialized tools for the operating system and software packages being used, in addition to administrative access to each system that should be tested. Host assessment is often very costly in term of time, and thus is only used in the assessment of critical systems. Tools like COPS and Tiger are popular in host assessment.

Network assessment 
In a network assessment one assess the network for known vulnerabilities. It locates all systems on a network, determines what network services are in use, and then analyzes those services for potential vulnerabilities. This process does not require any configuration changes on the systems being assessed. Unlike host assessment, network assessment requires little computational cost and effort.

Vulnerability assessment vs penetration testing 
Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing are two different testing methods. They are differentiated on the basis of certain specific parameters.

References

External links 
 
 List of known Vulnerabilities

Information technology
Computer security
MTM217-class landing craft. The MTM217 class is a landing craft mechanized class used by the Italian Navy.

History 

The MTM217 class is a vehicle crafted to support amphibious military action. The boats were designed for the transport of troops and ground vehicles, as part of landing operations on the coasts. These models are required and employed by all major navy forces, for their versatility. The hull construction material is steel. Eight of these craft are used as reserve craft by San Marco Marine Brigade at Brindisi Naval Station homeport.

Landing craft

References

External links
 Ships Marina Militare website

Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Ships built in Italy
Landing craft
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Italian Navy
Denzil Doyle. Denzil Doyle C.M. is an electrical engineer and entrepreneur.

Career
Doyle has become a  prominent figure in the Ottawa technology community, having been the "founding president of Digital Equipment Corporation's Canadian subsidiary, one of the region's early high tech leaders. He ran the company for 18 years, during which annual sales reached $160 million." In his role with DEC he is especially notable for having brought together Canadian nuclear scientists with American DEC personnel to create the computers that evolved into the highly successful PDP-8 machines. Doyle is the Founder and Chairman of Doyletech Corporation, has been its President since November 1982. He is a Member of the Order of Canada.

References

Living people
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian business executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment. Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) is an instrument that detects and measures ions and electrons around the spacecraft. It is a suite of detectors on the Juno Jupiter orbiter (launched 2011, orbiting Jupiter since 2016). JADE includes JADE-E, JADE-I, and the EBox. JADE-E and JADE-I are sensors that are spread out on the spacecraft, and the EBox is located inside the Juno Radiation Vault. EBox stands for Electronics Box. JADE-E is for detecting electrons from 0.1 to 100 keV, and there are three JADE-E sensors on Juno. JADE-I is for detecting ions from 5 eV to 50 keV. It is designed to return data in situ on Jupiter's auroral region and magnetospheric plasmas, by observing electrons and ions in this region. It is primarily focused on Jupiter, but it was turned on in January 2016 while still en route to study inter-planetary space (when it was still several million miles from Jupiter at that time).

JADE was built by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), located in the United States in Texas. Two other instruments help understand the magnetosphere of Jupiter, WAVES and MAG. The JEDI instrument measures higher energy ions and electrons and JADE lower energy ones; therefore they are complementary.

The JADE sensors, in addition to other materials, also use a special plastic designed to endure the spaceflight conditions. The instrument uses special molded rings of polyether ether ketone (PEEK).

By May 2017, some of the first scientific analyses reported that JADE observed plasma coming up from the upper atmosphere of Jupiter into the magnetosphere. Some auroral processes were compared to the ones on Earth, but there seemed to be other processes at work creating the auroras at Jupiter, according to the JADE project leader, in early 2017. Like Earth's aurorae, scientists noted Jupiter's could be affected by the Solar wind; however, many of the ions in the Jupiter aurorae were different from those in Earth's.

JADE-E
Each of the three JADE-E electron sensors weighs 5.25 Kilograms (11.57 pounds, 0.827 stones) with dimensions of 21 cm on all sides;

Each JADE-E sensor includes 
top-hat electrostatic analyzer
two deflectors
Multi-channel plate detector
anode ring

JADE-I
The one JADE-I sensors is a spherical top hat electrostatic analyzer combined with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The sensor is made of nickel plated titanium metal. JADE-I sensor weighs 7.55 Kilograms(16.65 pounds, 1.1889 stones).

JADE-I can measure ions from 1 to 50 atomic mass units (AMU), with the ability to discern atomic hydrogen, H2+, H3+, oxygen and sulfur.

See also
JEDI
JunoCam
Van Allen Probes (also studies ions)
MAVEN
UVS (Juno)
Microwave Radiometer (Juno)
Waves (Juno)
Gravity Science
SWEAP (measures ions and electrons on the Parker Solar Probe)
SWAP (New Horizons), measures the Solar Wind on the New Horizons mission to Pluto and beyond
Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (detects on ions on New Horizons)

References

Juno (spacecraft)
Spacecraft instruments
Institute Rabe. Institut RABE (Missile Construction and Development in Bleicherode, Raketenbau und Entwicklung) was a group of German engineers founded by the Soviets to recreate the A-4 flight control system. It was created in July 1945 in Bleicherode when the Red Army took over Thuringia as part of the Soviet occupation zone. It originally consisted of 12 Germans under Major Boris Chertok and Lieutenant Colonel Aleksey Mikhaylovich Isayev. The Institute RABE was created with the purpose of recruiting German rocket specialists to aid in current and future Soviet rocket development. This mission had to be kept secret, as the American-occupied territory of Hesse and Bavaria was not far away from Lehesten, the testing site for rocket engines.

By the end of August 1945, the institute had settled into their headquarters (the former mansion of Wernher von Braun) but it lacked deeper knowledge of the Peenemünde developments because the US Army had seized a group of 450 specialists in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, among them von Braun's core group, and forced other specialists from Thuringia to the US Occupation Zone as part of the Operation Overcast. In August 1945, Chertok successfully completed his most important covert operation when he retrieved Helmut Gröttrup (the deputy for the electrical system and missile control) from American territory along with his family to set up a parallel Büro Gröttrup in Bleicherode. In February 1946 both the Institut RABE and the Büro Gröttrup were merged into the larger Institut Nordhausen, which had the goal of recreating the entire German A-4 rocket. This institute was headed by Sergei Korolev as the Soviet chief engineer and Helmut Gröttrup as the German director under Soviet military control. In May 1946, the Zentralwerke combined the Institut Nordhausen, Institut Berlin (recreating the Wasserfall anti-aircraft missile) and manufacturing sites of the earlier Mittelwerk in Thuringia.  

In October 1946, during Operation Osoaviakhim, many sites for the development of weapons and aircraft in East Germany were closed and more than 2,300 German specialists were forcibly relocated for employment in the Soviet Union, among them about 200 specialists from Zentralwerke (500 people including their families). They were moved to Podlipki (about 120 engineers) and Gorodomlya Island (about 40 engineers) as part of Korolev's NII-88 and later Soviet design bureau OKB-1, and to Khimki as part of Valentin Glushko's OKB-456 for developing rocket engines.

See also 
 German influence on the Soviet space program

References 

Soviet occupation zone
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Space program of the Soviet Union
Batchelor Prize. The Batchelor Prize is an award presented once every four years by the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) for outstanding research in fluid dynamics. The prize of $25,000 is sponsored by the Journal of Fluid Mechanics and presented at the International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICTAM).  The research recognised by the Prize will normally have been published during the ten-year period prior to the award to ensure that the work is of current interest.

The award is named in honour of George Batchelor, an Australian applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist.

Recipients
Source: IUTAM
2024: Charles Meneveau, Johns Hopkins University
2020: Alexander Smits, Princeton University
2016: Raymond E. Goldstein, University of Cambridge
2012: Detlef Lohse
2008: Howard A. Stone

See also
 List of physics awards
 List of prizes named after people

References

Physics awards
Awards established in 2008
Pusher machine. The Pusher machine was a lace making machine, based on the bobbinet, that was invented in 1812 Samuel Clark and James Mart.

Context
In 1812 Samuel Clark and James Mart(sic) constructed a machine that was capable of working a pattern and net at the same time. A pusher operated each bobbin and carriage independently, allowing almost unlimited designs and styles. The machine, however, was slow, delicate, costly and could produce only short "webs" of about two by four yards. There is no record of the original specifications, but its origin is referenced in two patent applications made to improve it lodged in 1825, by Joseph Crowder of New Radford and his associates Messrs Hall and Day.  Variations on the basic machine were the Crowder and Day's improved pusher and Kendall and Morley's machine.

The machine was modified by John Synyer in 1829. to allow for bullet holes to be inserted in the plain twist net. A modification was made in 1831 to copy blondes, Marmaduke Miller adder a device to add loops and purls to the lace in 1827. Production had its heyday in the 1850s and ceased around 1870-1880.

Machine
The warp beam was at the top, and the work roller at the bottom. There was a sley and a guide bar.
The carriages with their bobbins (brass bobbins) slid on a concave comb (bolt). In the 1825 modification, the carriages were suspended from an upwardly arching comb. The carriages are propelled by individual pusher rods which strike the ears on the carriage. There was pusher bar (later there were four) but there is a fetcher bar (locker bar) which act in conjunctions with the pushers. It was slow and in the early machine, 14 actions were required to form each course; in 1825 this had been reduced to ten. The bobbins were necessarily small and this restricted the length of a single piece to about 4 metres.
The actions were controlled by an organ barrel until the adoption of the Jacquard process in 1839. This was achieved by James Wright of Radford.

Product
The bobbinet was best producing straight net, but the Pusher was slow and could be used to imitate handlace of any complexity though could't put in liners leaving the impression of sharpness from the lace. When in William IV reign, tatting and putting on fancies became popular, the Pusher was in great demand. The pusher was particularly good at making large shawls or capes in the style of Chantilly lace. It could replicate the grille or half-stitch which defeated the Leavers machine. It could be hand lined using a Cornely machine.

Lace was dependent on fashion. In 1867 women stopped wearing shawls, and the Franco-Prussian War cut off the trade with France there was market for this lace. The redundant Pushers were scrapped. In 1920, a retailer was advertising 'Real Alençon' machine lace produced on a Pusher in Lyon, France, and in 1959 there were a 'narrow range of silk nets' being produced on Pushers in Lyon.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Lace-making machinery
AsteroidOS. AsteroidOS is an open source operating system designed for smartwatches. It is available as a firmware replacement for some Android Wear devices. The motto for the AsteroidOS project is "Free your wrist."

Wareable.com reviewed version 1.0 and gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars.

Software Architecture 
AsteroidOS is built like an embedded Linux distribution with OpenEmbedded. It works on top of the Linux kernel and the systemd service manager. AsteroidOS also includes various mobile Linux middlewares originally developed for Mer and Nemo Mobile such as lipstick and MCE.

The user interface is completely written with the Qt5 framework. Applications are coded in QML with graphic components coming from Qt Quick and QML-Asteroid. An SDK with a cross-compilation toolchain integrated to Qt Creator can be generated from OpenEmbedded for easier development.

Asteroid-launcher is a Wayland compositor and customizable home screen managing applications, watchfaces, notifications and quick settings. Asteroid-launcher runs on top of the libhybris compatibility layer to make use of Bionic GPU drivers.

AsteroidOS offers Bluetooth Low Energy synchronization capabilities with the asteroid-btsyncd daemon running on top of BlueZ5. A reference client named AsteroidOS Sync is available for Android users. There is also a Companion App for Sailfish OS(Starship) and one for Ubuntu Touch(Telescope), but it has not yet been updated to the current release of Ubuntu Touch. An app for Linux-based smartphones like the Librem 5 distributed by Purism is also in the making(Buran), but cannot be used due to a currently still unfixed bug in QT5.

Shipped Applications 
As of the 1.1 nightly release, the following applications are shipped and pre-installed by default in AsteroidOS:
 Agenda: Provides simple event scheduling capabilities
 Alarm Clock: Makes the watch vibrate at a specific time of day
 Calculator: Allows basic calculations
 Compass: A functional Compass app (only preinstalled on devices with supported sensors)
 Diamonds: A game, which is inspired by 2048.
 Flashlight: A simple flashlight app where the screen acts as a light source.
 Heart Rate: An app for heart-rate-monitor bpm retrieval
 Music: Controls a synchronized device's music player
 Settings: Configures Time, Date, Language, Bluetooth, Brightness, AOD(on supported devices), Nightstand, Wallpapers, Custom Launchers,  Watch faces and USB Modes (Charging,ADB ,SSH ,MTP)
 Stopwatch: Measures an elapsed time
 Timer: Counts down a specified time interval
 Weather: Provides weather forecast for five days

See also 

 Wear OS
 Sailfish OS
 Ubuntu Touch
 OpenEmbedded
 Hybris (software)
 Qt (software)
 Linux(Kernel)

References

Smartwatches
Wearable computers
Free software operating systems
Mobile operating systems
Glass flakes. Glass flakes are extremely thin glass plates with an average thickness of 5 ± 2 micrometers.

Manufacture 
There are two main methods to manufacture glass flakes. The first is the "bubble method", where a glass marble is turned into liquid and then blown into a bubble. It is then smashed into glass flakes and sieved by particle-size distribution. The second method is the "centrifuge method", in which high-temperature liquid glass in a rotating tub creates glass flakes due to the centrifugal force.

Application 
Glass flakes can be applied in anti-corrosive coatings, paints and pigments to prevent corrosion. Glass flakes can also be used as a reinforcement material in the manufacture of composite materials.

Glassflakes or glass flake particles form dense, inert barriers within the paint film. Overlapping layers of glass resist water and chemicals permeating the paint film. The addition of glass also increases the flexibility, hardness and abrasion resistance of coatings.

References 

Glass
Apache MXNet. Apache MXNet is an open-source deep learning software framework that trains and deploys deep neural networks. It aims to be scalable, allows fast model training, and supports a flexible programming model and multiple programming languages (including C++, Python, Java, Julia, MATLAB, JavaScript, Go, R, Scala, Perl, and Wolfram Language). The MXNet library is portable and can scale to multiple GPUs and machines. It was co-developed by Carlos Guestrin at the University of Washington, along with GraphLab.

As of September 2023, it is no longer actively developed. Apache MXNet was effectively abandoned due to a combination of factors including lack of significant contributions, outdated builds, and a shift in focus by its major backer, Amazon, towards other frameworks like PyTorch. The project saw no new releases for over a year, and there were very few pull requests or updates from contributors, leading to its move to the Apache Attic in 2023. Additionally, the community began migrating to other frameworks that offered more robust support and development activity.

Features
Apache MXNet is a scalable deep learning framework that supports deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs).

Scalability
MXNet can be distributed on dynamic cloud infrastructure using a distributed parameter server (based on research at Carnegie Mellon University, Baidu, and Google). With multiple GPUs or CPUs, the framework can approach linear scale.

Flexibility
MXNet supports both imperative and symbolic programming. The framework allows developers to track, debug, save checkpoints, modify hyperparameters, and perform early stopping.

Multiple languages
MXNet supports Python, R, Scala, Clojure, Julia, Perl, MATLAB, and JavaScript for front-end development and C++ for back-end optimization.

Portability
The framework supports deployment of a trained model to low-end devices for inference, such as mobile devices by using Amalgamation. Other deployment targets include Internet of things devices (using AWS Greengrass), serverless computing (using AWS Lambda), or containers. These low-end environments can have only weaker CPU or limited memory (RAM) and should be able to use the models that were trained on a higher-level environment (GPU-based cluster, for example)

Cloud Support 
MXNet is supported by public cloud providers including Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure.  Currently, MXNet is supported by Intel, Baidu, Microsoft, Wolfram Research, and research institutions such as Carnegie Mellon, MIT, the University of Washington, and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.

See also
 Comparison of deep learning software
 Differentiable programming

References

Deep learning software
Free statistical software
MXNet
Cross-platform free software
Software using the Apache license
Zhang Enhe. Zhang Enhe (; 1939- 13 November 2016) was a Chinese scientist who engaged himself in the course of Chinese aero engine development for more than 40 years.

Biography
Zhang was born in 1939, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After graduating from Harbin Institute of Technology in 1965, he was assigned to Shenyang Engine Design Institute. In 1981, after the Cultural Revolution, Zhang was sent abroad to study at the New York Institute of Technology on government scholarships. Zhang returned to China in November 1983 and that year became team leader of Engine Room of the Shenyang Engine Design Institute. In 1985 he was promoted to deputy director. He served as chief engine engineer of the Xian Y-7, he led the team to achieve the goal of reducing oil by 9.4% of the engine, for which he won a gold medal conferred by the Chinese government. In 1987 Zhang was appointed deputy commander of the Taihang Engine, and four years later became its chief designer. In October 2007 he was awarded the Science and Technology Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation. Zhang died of illness on November 13, 2016.

Awards
 Title of "Shenyang Model Worker"
 Liaoning Provincial May First Labour Medal
 National May First Labour Medal
 Special Award of the National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award
 Science and Technology Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation

References

1939 births
2016 deaths
Harbin Institute of Technology alumni
New York Institute of Technology alumni
Chinese engineers