omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Eve Riskin. Eve Ann Riskin is an American electrical engineer and academic administrator, the dean for undergraduate education at the Stevens Institute of Technology. Her research has concerned image compression and video compression, focusing in particular on the video transmission of American Sign Language over low-bandwidth networks.

Education and career
Riskin is originally from the Lawrenceville section of Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey. After starting in computer science, she switched to electrical engineering as an undergraduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and graduated in 1984. She then went to Stanford University for graduate study, earning two master's degrees in electrical engineering and operations research in 1985 and 1986 respectively, and completing her Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1990. Her doctoral dissertation, Variable Rate Vector Quantization of Images, was supervised by Robert M. Gray.

She became an assistant professor of electrical engineering at the University of Washington in 1990. At the University of Washington, she became associate dean of engineering in 2005, led the ADVANCE Center for Institutional Change, and founded the Washington STate Academic RedShirt (STARS) program for disadvantaged students. She moved to the Stevens Institute of Technology as dean for undergraduate education and professor of electrical engineering in 2022.

Recognition
Riskin was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2009, "for contributions to variable-rate image and video compression and to engineering education". She was a 2020 recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
Engineers from New Jersey
American electrical engineers
American women electrical engineers
Data compression researchers
People involved with sign language
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University alumni
University of Washington faculty
Stevens Institute of Technology faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Secret Subway. Secret Subway: The Fascinating Tale of an Amazing Feat of Engineering is a 2009 non-fiction children's book by American writer and historian Martin W. Sandler. The book discusses the construction of the first subway in New York City under the guidance of American inventor, publisher, and patent lawyer Alfred Ely Beach (1826–1896). Construction on the tunnel began secretly, occurring throughout the night, and was completed just before the economic collapse of 1873. The book contains photographs from the time period, as well as maps to support to the text.

According to Kirkus Reviews, Sandler provides "a positively scary picture of what the city's streets were like at midcentury" through a "multistranded tale in which Beach, Boss Tweed and New York itself play roughly equal roles; readers will come away admiring the uncommon ambition of all three". Hazel Rochman, writing for Booklist, argued that "readers, especially the tech-minded, will be held as much by the gripping, personal story as by the engineering details of Beach's plan, and also how the subway works today". Rochman also highlighted how the book "evokes a strong sense of the power politics and the amazing efforts underground".

Secret Subway is a Junior Library Guild book, and was a finalist for the 2010 YALSA Award for Excellence in Nonfiction.

References 

2009 non-fiction books
2009 children's books
National Geographic Society books
History of the New York City Subway
Aeroflot Flight B-608. Aeroflot Flight B-608 was a scheduled flight from Irkutsk to Bratsk, that crashed when it suffered a microburst, leading the aircraft to nosedive and crash near the airport, killing the 18 occupants onboard the Yakovlev Yak-40.

Aircraft 
The Yak-40, with tail number 87778 (manufacturer serial number - 9040314, serial number - 14-03), was produced by the Saratov Aviation Plant on October 30, 1970, and transferred to the Ministry of Civil Aviation of the USSR, which on December 30 assigned it to the Bratsk Aviation Department of the East Siberian Civil Aviation Directorate. The cabin had a seating capacity of 24 passengers. At the time of the crash, the airliner had logged 1,667 flight hours and 2,249 landings.

Accident 
The aircraft was performing flight V-608 from Irkutsk to Bratsk, piloted by a crew from the 245th flight squadron, consisting of the commander (PIC) Ivan Andreevich Ivanov, copilot Valery Ivanovich Bulanov, flight engineer Oleg Vasilyevich Stolyarov, and trainee flight engineer Valery Ivanovich Nosarev. At 22:29, the Yak-40 departed from Irkutsk Airport and, after climbing, leveled off at an altitude of 6,000 meters. 14 passengers were aboard.

Upon approaching Bratsk, the crew contacted the airport dispatcher, and, after receiving permission, began their descent. The dispatcher attempted to relay information about the actual weather, but despite several attempts, could not get a response from the observer at the AMS, so he transmitted the weather data as of 23:15: runway visibility 50 kilometers, with no precipitation. Meanwhile, the weather was rapidly deteriorating, which the dispatcher observed. By the time of the incident, a wet snowstorm had commenced, with winds of 10–14m/), and visibility down to 1,000 meters, below the meteorological minimum for the commander.

Unaware of the actual weather conditions, the crew lined up for the final approach when they unexpectedly encountered the snowstorm. The Yak-40 encountered a strong downdraft, resulting in a rapid loss of altitude. The airliner clipped the tops of trees, lost speed, and crashed at 11:34pm after flying another 225 meters. The crash occurred 1,250 meters from the end of the runway. All 18 people on board died.

Causes 
The sharp descent of the aircraft from a low altitude under the influence of an intense downdraft and subsequent collision with treetops during its recovery in conditions of limited visibility at night. The unexpected encounter with hazardous meteorological phenomena was a result of the rapid deterioration of weather conditions and insufficient promptness in observing and transmitting this information.

Contributing factor: possible inadvertent activation of the thrust reverser by the crew during the descent (the thrust reverser was found to be activated during the inspection of the aircraft at the crash site).

References 

B-608
May 1972
1972 meteorology
Accidents and incidents involving the Yakovlev Yak-40
Qinghai-Tibet Networking Project. The HVDC Qinghai-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet Networking Project, or Qinghai-Tibet Interconnection Project () began operation in December 2011, extending from Xining in Qinghai Province in the east to Lhasa in Tibet in the west. Tibet, rich in hydropower resources, serves as a crucial energy relay base for the "West-East Electricity Transmission" initiative (). However, the region has faced significant challenges, including severe power shortages during the winter and difficulties in consuming excess power during the water-abundant summer months. The commissioning of the Qinghai-Tibet Networking Project has alleviated Tibet's energy bottleneck, fundamentally resolving its long-standing power supply issues.

The Qinghai-Tibet Networking Project is the world's highest-altitude and longest DC transmission line traversing permafrost regions. The project has a total investment of 13.918 billion RMB.

Project 
The DC section of the Qinghai-Tibet Networking Project spans a total length of 1,038 kilometers, supported by 2,361 towers, including 1,207 towers situated in the tundra region. The Qinghai section alone covers 608 kilometers, with 1,395 pylons at altitudes ranging between 2,800 and 5,300 meters. In June 2015, the project passed the power reversal test, enabling the first-ever transmission of Tibetan hydropower out of the region. Since then, the project has established a pattern of exporting Tibetan hydropower to Qinghai during the summer and autumn, while supplying green power from Qinghai to Tibet in the winter and spring. This has generated economic benefits for Tibet and optimized the allocation of clean energy resources across western China.

In 2024, the project will undergo further expansion with the DC Phase II, increasing converter capacity by an additional 600 MW, building on the existing 600 MW capacity. This expansion will significantly enhance the project's forward and reverse transmission capabilities, further strengthening its role in the region's energy infrastructure.

See also 
Lhasa Converter Station
Lhasa 500kV Transmission Project
Golmud Converter Station
Sichuan-Tibet Networking Project
Central Tibet Networking Project

References 

Energy infrastructure completed in 2011
HVDC transmission lines
Electric power infrastructure in China
2011 establishments in China
Economy of Tibet
Industry in Tibet
LASARsat. LASARsat (Laser-Assisted Satellite Reentry satellite) is a Czech scientific microsatellite, which is to be launched into Earth orbit before the end of 2024.

The LASARsat mission is a continuation of the Czech high school team LASAR, which won the Conrad Challenge, a global STEM competition held in Houston. The satellite is designed to test the possibilities of using high-power lasers for traffic management in orbit and to help to solve the problem of space debris.

The satellite should be launched into a Low Earth orbit by SpaceX's Falcon 9 as part of the Bandwagon-2 mission.

Description 
LASARsat is 1U specification CubeSat, with dimensions of 10×10×11.3 centimeters and total volume of 1000 cubic centimeters.

Payload 
The satellite has control, energy and communication equipment on board, the latter being designed for amateur radio contact. LASARsat is also carrying a small capsule with non-alcoholic Czech beer.

Scientific instruments 

Seven scientific instruments will be on board LASARsat:

 Photodiodes, which will be used to measure the laser's energy losses in Earth's atmosphere.
 Series of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which will improve tracking accuracy. 
 Retroreflectors, which will reflect the laser beam back to Earth's surface to allow its further study.
 Langmuir probe, which will measure changes in ionization upon laser's impact.
 Earthcam, a camera for capturing the Earth's surface, on which the effects of the laser beam on optical sensors will be tested.
 Two dosimeters, one supplied by Czech Aerospace Research Centre and the other one by SkyFox Labs.

Mission 
The satellite main mission is to gain further data on the possible usage of the LASAR method and usage of Earth-based lasers in space in general.

Orbit 
The satellite is supposed to reach a low Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 to 500 kilometres, with an inclination of 45.5 degrees and an orbital period of 96 minutes.

References 

Student satellites
Satellites
CubeSats
Ammonium hexafluoroplatinate. Ammonium hexafluoroplatinate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula .

Synthesis
A reaction of lanthanum(III) hexafluoroplatinate and ammonium hydroxide:

Physical properties
Ammonium hexafluoroplatinate forms pale yellow crystals of cubic system, space group Fm3m.

Chemical properties
Ammonium hexafluoroplatinate hydrolyses, foming the insoluble platinum(IV) hydroxide:

References 

Fluoro complexes
Platinum compounds
Ammonium compounds
Fluorometallates
Hexafluorides
Bloomage. Bloomage, also known as Bloomage Biotech, is a biomaterial company based in China. Bloomage primarily specializes in hyaluronic acid and other bioactive substances products. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

History
In 2000, Bloomage was established and began to mass-produce hyaluronic acid using microbial fermentation. 

Bloomage's first plant in Jinan was completed and put into production in 2005.

Bloomage was licensed by the US FDA and established a US subsidiary in 2012.

Products
Bloomage specializes in hyaluronic acid microbial fermentation production. It also focuses on pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food-grade application products.

Other than hyaluronic acid, Bloomage also manufactures recombinant collagen, ergothioneine, ectoine, GABA, PDRN, among others. The company also produces skin fillers and various cosmetic products.

References

External links

Biomaterials
2000 establishments in China
Chemical companies of China
Dave Crocker (engineer). David Howard Crocker is an American network engineer, renowned for his work on the development of networked email since the early 1970s, when he worked with ARPANET (which became the technical foundation of the Internet) while he was an undergraduate student at UCLA. He was introduced to the ARPANET work by his brother, Steve Crocker, another pioneer of the Internet, who created the ARPA Network Working Group and the Request for Comments (RFC) series of formally published documents in 1969.

Crocker earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology at UCLA in 1975. After obtaining a bachelor's degree, he became a researcher at RAND Corporation in Los Angeles while pursuing a master's degree. Following shortly after UCLA, RAND was one of a handful of places that had the earliest nodes of the Internet. In 1977 he obtained a Master of Arts degree at the University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.  While doing additional graduate studies in Computer Science at the University of Delaware, from 1978 to 1982, he developed MMDF, a message transfer agent program for email servers.  He ran MMDF as a telephone-based ARPANET gateway service for CSNET, which was a forerunner for NSFNET.

Crocker was the author of RFC 822, which was published in 1982 to define the format of Internet mail messages, and he was the first listed author of the earlier RFC 733 on which it was based in 1977. By 1974, the year before he obtained his bachelor's degree, he had been listed as an author or credited by name in at least 19 RFCs (351, 352, 462, 498, 539, 560, 577, 581, 585, 615, 645, and 651 through 658), most of which were focused on email or the Telnet protocol for client/server computer terminal communication.

He was co-architect and Director of System Development at MCI Digital Information Services Company on the MCI Mail service, and worked there with Vint Cerf to build it into a national email service. After working at MCI from 1983 to 1985, he held networking-related engineering management positions at Ungermann-Bass, The Wollongong Group, and Digital Equipment Corporation, before founding his own consultancy company, Brandenburg InternetWorking, in 1991. Since founding Brandenburg InternetWorking, he has had a role in founding several other companies and the Internet Mail Consortium.

He was one of the original IETF Area Directors, serving from 1989–1995.

Awards and Honors
Crocker received the 2004 IEEE Internet Award along with Raymond Tomlinson for their work on the "conceptualization, first implementation, and standardization of networked email".

See also
 List of Internet pioneers

References

External links
 Personal web page
 Dave Crocker at ICANNWiki
 Brandenburg InternetWorking
 Datatracker at IETF for his email address used since 1992

American computer programmers
Living people
Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Delaware alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Internet pioneers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Zeta Surgical. Zeta Surgical is a privately held American medical technology company based in Boston, Massachusetts. The company develops computer-assisted surgery systems for neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology. The company was founded in 2018 by Harvard University graduates Jose Amich and Raahil Sha, along with Brigham and Women's Hospital neurosurgeon William Gormley.

Technology
Zeta Surgical's technology employs computer vision and artificial intelligence algorithms for real-time surgical navigation. The company's approach utilizes parallel computing for image registration and patient tracking without rigid head fixation. Preclinical studies have evaluated the system's ability to maintain submillimeter accuracy in applications such as neurotrauma, intracerebral hemorrhage and brain biopsy.

The company's primary product, the Zeta Cranial Navigation System, has been described as a "GPS-like" system for neurosurgery. It received its first 510(k) clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration for use in cranial surgical procedures in September 2023, followed by subsequent clearances in 2024 that expanded its indications and instrument compatibility. In 2024, Zeta Surgical reported the completion of its first multi-center trial at Singapore General Hospital and Tan Tock Seng Hospital. The Zeta Cranial Navigation System received an iF Design Award and a Good Design Award in 2023. The company is partnered with Australian product design and consultancy firm Design + Industry.

In 2022, Zeta Surgical announced that it was developing a Focused ultrasound for intracranial drug delivery system, navigated by the Zeta Cranial Navigation System.  The company is a member of the Focused Ultrasound Foundation.

History
Zeta Surgical was started by Jose Amich and Raahil Sha while studying as undergraduate students at Harvard University, together with Harvard Medical School professor William Gormley, also a neurosurgeon at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Jose Amich and William Gormley are alumni of the MIT Sloan School of Management MBA program.
The company has raised funding from notable investors such as Y Combinator, Artesian Hostplus VC, Innospark Ventures, Trevor Fetter, Gabriel Hammond and Marc de Garidel. Zeta Surgical is represented by law firm White & Case LLP. 

Raahil Sha was named one of Harvard's Most Interesting Seniors. Together with Jose Amich, they have been recognized on the North American Forbes 30 Under 30 2024 list.

References

Companies established in 2018
2018 establishments in Massachusetts
American companies established in 2018
Maria Greco. Maria Sabrina Greco (born 1968) is an Italian electrical engineer focused on signal processing for radar detection, radar clutter modeling, and cognitive radar. She is a professor in the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Pisa, and president of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society.

Education and career
Greco is originally from Lecce, where her parents were schoolteachers. She studied telecommunications engineering at the University of Pisa, earning a laurea in 1993 and completing her Ph.D. in 1998; while a doctoral student, she was also a visiting researcher at Georgia Tech in the US.

She has been affiliated with the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Pisa since 1993, and became a full professor there in 2016. She has served as editor-in-chief of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, and was elected president of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society for a two-year term beginning in 2024.

Recognition
Greco was the 2008 recipient of the Fred Nathanson Young Engineer of the Year Award of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society. She was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2011, "for contributions to non-Gaussian radar clutter modeling and signal processing algorithms". She was a distinguished lecturer for the IEEE Signal Processing Society from 2014 to 2015 and for the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society from 2015 to 2017, and again from 2020 to 2024.

Her best paper awards include the M. Barry Carlton Award in 2001 and 2012, and the Harry Rowe Mimno Award in 2019.

Selected publications

Books

Articles
. Winner, M. Barry Carlton Award, 2001.
. Winner, M. Barry Carlton Award, 2012.
. Winner, Harry Rowe Mimno Award, 2019.

References

External links
Home page

1964 births
Living people
People from Lecce
Italian electrical engineers
Italian women engineers
Women electrical engineers
University of Pisa alumni
Academic staff of the University of Pisa
Fellows of the IEEE
Project 17B-class frigate. The Project-17 Bravo frigates (P-17B) or Next Generation Frigates (NGF) are a class of planned stealth guided-missile frigates to be built for the Indian Navy (IN). The class will be a follow-on for Nilgiri-class frigates which is under construction. The class is a part of Next Generation series of future frontline surface combatants of the Indian Navy which includes Next Generation Destroyers (NGD) or Project 18-class destroyer and Next Generation Corvettes (NGC).

History

Background 
In July 2024, reports suggested about a new class of 8 stealth frigates as follow-on of the previous Nilgiri-class frigates which was under construction till them. The ships were to be built by two shipyards with 1:1 order share of 4 ships each. The leading contenders for the deal were Mazagon Dockyard Limited (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE). The Ministry of Defence (MoD) was expected to clear the deal soon after the nature of the design of the frigates were under discussion for over a year. This would be the most technically advanced warships to be built in India. The ships will likely feature an indigenous main fire control radar against the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR radars on previous designs as well as other advanced indigenous weapon systems.

On 3 September 2024, the project, worth , was cleared by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) – the main acquisition panel under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) headed by Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh for 7-8 next generation ships. The approval for other major projects and acquisitions like Future Ready Combat Vehicles (FRCVs) for main battle tanks of the Indian Army () and 31 MQ-9B drones was granted. Reports also suggested that the ships may weigh up to  and have significantly enhanced firepower and strike capabilities when compared to the Nilgiri-class.

Design

Armament 
The ship will be equipped with at least 48 VLS cells which will be compatible for launching surface-to-air missiles as well as surface-to-surface missiles and anti-ship missiles including Barak 8, Project Kusha system, BrahMos and LR-LACM or  Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM).

See also

Frigates of comparable configurations and capabilities 

 FREMM multipurpose frigate – A series of multi-purpose frigates, operated by the French Navy, the Italian Navy, the Royal Moroccan Navy, the Egyptian Navy and currently being built for the United States Navy and the Indonesian Navy.
 Type 26 frigate – A class of frigates ordered by the Royal Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Australian Navy.
  –  A class of multi-mission frigates currently being built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
  – A class of guided-missile frigates operated by the Russian Navy.
 Constellation-class frigate – A series of multi-purpose frigates currently being built for the United States Navy.

Other references to the Indian Navy 

 Future ships of the Indian Navy
 List of active Indian Navy ships

References 

Frigate classes
Ships built in India
Stealth ships