omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Belyayev DB-LK. The DB-LK (Dahl'niy Bombardirovshchik-LK  – long-range bomber–flying wing) was a bomber aircraft designed and built in the USSR in 1939.

Development
Viktor Nikolayevich Belyayev had an illustrious early career with TsAGI, AVIAVnito, Aeroflot, OMOS, AGOS, KOSOS and the Tupolev OKB. He also designed and built several gliders from 1920, including flying wing designs, and in 1934 he designed a transport aircraft with twin tail-booms each accommodating ten passengers.

Belyaev developed the twin boom idea into the twin-fuselage DB-LK, which had two short fuselages either side of a very long chord wing centre section, with  the outer wing sections swept forward 5 deg 42 min, tapering at 7:1 out to raked back tips. A large fin and rudder on a short central boom, carried a small tailplane with very large elevators.

The airframe was of light alloy stressed skin construction with five spar wings covered with sheet aluminium alloy. Each fuselage pod carried a single M-88 engine in a long chord cowling, driving a three-bladed VISh-23D propeller, as well as a pilot/navigator cockpit and radio operator/gunner station in each of the extensively glazed tail-cones. The outer wings had slats, ailerons and 45deg Zap flaps, the raked tips also had small ailerons. The retractable undercarriage consisted of single main legs in the fuselage pods aft of the engines and a tail-wheel in the base of the fin.

Before flight trials began, the test pilot, M.A. Nyukhtikov, carried out many fast taxis to assess the handling of the unconventional DB-LK, one of which ended in an undercarriage collapse. Flight trials eventually got under way early in 1940 revealing an excellent performance, but with a high sensitivity to centre of gravity changes. Production was not authorised.

Specifications (DB-LK)

See also

References

Sources
 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995 London, Osprey. 1995.

External links

 DB-LK on the Sky Corner
DB-LK on Dieselpunks 

1940s Soviet bomber aircraft
DB-LK
Twin-fuselage aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Forward-swept-wing aircraft
Belyayev EOI. The EOI (experimental single-seat fighter) was a fighter aircraft designed and built in the USSR from August 1939.

Development
Viktor Nikolayevich Belyayev had an illustrious early career with TsAGI, AVIAVnito, Aeroflot, OMOS, AGOS, KOSOS and the Tupolev OKB. He also designed and built several gliders from 1920, including flying wing designs.

Belyayev was authorised to design and build this twin-boom experimental pusher-engined fighter in August 1939. The prototype aircraft and the vast majority of drawings, paperwork and photographs were destroyed in October 1941 during the German invasion. A fighter-dive bomber version of the EOI, called PBI (dive bomber fighter), was in the planning stages.

Specifications (EOI)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 

1930s Soviet fighter aircraft
EOI
Technical HSS Thamarassery. IHRD Thamarassery, also called Technical HSS Thamarassery, is an Indian Technical Higher Secondary School established in 2004. Located in Korangad on the Thamarassery-Balussery State Highway route in Kozhikode district, it is approximately 2 kilometers away from Thamarassery Town. The school is managed by the Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD) and promotes scientific advancement, technological progress, and economic growth.  The language of teaching used within the institution is English.

Courses offered
In THSS Thamarassery there are two groups in the Technical Higher Secondary course viz., Physical Science and Integrated Science. In the Physical Science group, the technical subjects are Computer Information Technology and Electronics Service Technology. Life Science(Biology) is not included in the Physical Science group. For the Integrated Science group, Life Science is included instead of one of the Electronics Service Technology. NCERT Syllabus is followed in the Technical Higher Secondary Course.  For standard XI internal examination will be conducted and the successful completion of standard XII will lead to the awarding of HSLC. (Higher Secondary Leaving certificate) by the Board of Higher Secondary education of the Govt. of Kerala. 50 seats are allowed at the school for each of these courses, totaling to 100 seats per batch every year.

Subjects in Physical Science(PS)
English(1st language), Computer Information Technology (2nd language), Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Electronics Service Technology.

Subjects in Integrated Science(IS)
English(1st language), Computer Information Technology (2nd language), Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology (Botany, Zoology).

Diploma in Data Entry Techniques and PC Maintenance
This is a new course started in Technical HSS from 14 January 2010. Actually it is planning to conduct as Part-time (Morning/Evening Section). So both students and elders can utilize this.

Course Details

 Course: Data Entry Techniques and PC Maintenance
 Duration: 2 Semesters (1 Year)

First Semester Syllabus

 Computer Fundamentals, Data Entry Techniques, Word Processing, English for Communication. 
 Computer Practice-I (OS, Data Entry) 
 Computer Practice-II (Word Processing, Spreadsheet)

Second Semester Syllabus

 PC Maintenance, Networking, Database Applications, Desktop Publishing, Graphics. 
 Computer Practice-III (PC Hardware, Database, Internet) 
 Computer Practice-IV (DTP, Graphics, HTML)

References

External links

 IHRD Thamarassery

Schools in Kozhikode district
2004 establishments in Kerala
High schools and secondary schools in Kerala
Educational institutions established in 2004
Bisnovat SK-1. The SK-1, (Skorostnoye Krylo – high speed wing), was a research aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1938.

Development
After working as an engineer under Tairov at the OKO in Kiev, Bisnovat was permitted to  form his own OKB with the task of designing and building a high speed research aircraft, which emerged as the SK-1. This aircraft was designed to have the smallest airframe capable of flying powered by a large V-12 engine, with the smallest wings possible for safe landings on Soviet grass airfields.

Construction of the SK-1 was of light-alloy stressed skin, with single plate web spar wings skinned with light-alloy sheet, smoothed to mirror finish accurate profiles using marquisette fabric, cork dust, open weave and adhesive as filler. Initially the wing was of NACA 23014.5 profile with slotted Vlasov style flaps, and fabric covered ailerons. The tail-unit also had fabric covered control surfaces, and trim tabs, with all controls 100% mass balanced.

The M-105 engine was fitted in a low drag installation with a pressurised coolant system which required a radiator of only 0.17m^2 frontal area, (approx ½ that of a similar unpressurised coolant system). In the flush cockpit, the pilot sat on a hydraulically actuated seat which raised the hinged roof of the canopy to form a wind-shield for landing, allowing the fuselage to have a total frontal area of only 0.85 m^2. Hydraulically retractable main and tail undercarriages with fully closing doors reduced drag even further.

Test flights began in January 1939 with the aircraft on skis, with surprisingly good handling and manoeuvrability as well as excellent performance.

Specifications (SK-1)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995.

External links
 http://www.aviation.ru/Bisnovat/

1930s Soviet experimental aircraft
SK-1
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
NKK switches. (formerly Nihon Kaiheiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is a designer and manufacturer of diversified industrial operational switches. The company offers illuminated, process sealed, miniature, specialty, surface mount and LCD programmable switches. The company also manufactures toggle, rocker, pushbutton, slide, DIP, rotary, keypad and keylock switches.

Affiliates
 NKK Switches of America, Inc. (Scottsdale, AZ)
 NKK Switches Hong Kong Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)
 NKK Switches Mactan, Inc. (Philippines)

References

External links
NKK group portal site 
NKK switches of America 
NKK switches Co., Ltd. 

Electronics companies of Japan
Electrical equipment manufacturers
Electrical engineering companies of Japan
Companies based in Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Electronics companies established in 1953
1953 establishments in Japan
Japanese brands
Bisnovat SK-2. The SK-2 (Skorostnii Krylo – high speed wing), was a fighter aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1940.

Development
After working as an engineer under Tairov at the OKO in Kiev, Bisnovat was permitted to  form his own OKB with the task of designing and building a high speed research aircraft, which emerged as the SK-1. The performance and handling of this aircraft prompted authorization for a fighter derivative

Construction of the SK-2 was of light-alloy stressed skin, with single plate web spar wings skinned with light-alloy sheet, smoothed to mirror finish accurate profiles using marquisette fabric, cork dust, open weave and adhesive as filler. Initially the wing was of NACA 23014.5 profile with slotted Vlasov style flaps, and fabric covered ailerons. The tail-unit also had fabric covered control surfaces, and trim tabs, with all controls 100% mass balanced.

The M-105 engine was fitted in a low drag installation with a pressurised coolant system which required a radiator of only 0.17m^2 frontal area (approx ½ that of a similar unpressurised coolant system), hydraulically retractable main and tail undercarriages with fully closing doors also reduced drag.

The SK-2 was a minimum change fighter derivative of the SK-1 with a normal protruding enclosed cockpit, normal light alloy wing skinning, enlarged fin and rudder, and two 12.7mm BS machine-guns in the top decking of the forward fuselage. Flown in October 1940 by G.M. Shiyanov, but no production was authorised.

Specifications (SK-2)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995.

External links
 http://www.aviation.ru/Bisnovat/

1940s Soviet fighter aircraft
SK-2
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Bartini DAR. The DAR (Dalnii Arkticheskii Razvyedchik – long range Arctic reconnaissance), was a twin-engined flying boat designed and produced in the USSR from 1934.

Development
In 1934 Roberto L. Bartini was assigned to the ZOK NII GVF (Zavod Opytno Konstrooktorskoye Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Grazhdanskovo Vozdooshnovo Flota — Factory for Special Construction at the Scientific Test Institute for the Civil Air Fleet), to lead the design of the DAR. Built entirely of Enerzh-6 stainless steel, the DAR closely resembled the Dornier Wal, with a high length to beam ratio hull, sponsons either side of the hull, strut supported parasol wing and twin engines in a single nacelle in the centre of the wing. Initially Bartini intended the two engines to drive separate propellers running in a tubular shroud, much like a modern ducted fan; Tests at TsAGI (Tsentrahl'nyy Aerodinamicheskiy i Ghidrodinamicheskiy Institoot - central aerodynamics and hydrodynamics institute) confirmed Bartini's theories but the prototype was completed with a conventional tandem tractor/pusher engine nacelle.

Apart from the 'Enerzh-6' construction material, the DAR had several other innovations, including;
full span slotted  flaps, and pivoting wing-tip ailerons which were in two sections, fore and aft.
During later testing steel faced skis were attached to the fuselage sides by rubber bag springs. Flight testing was carried out at the small boat port at Leningrad in the spring of 1936, with no major problems, and five more were ordered but production was not carried out.

Specifications (DAR)

See also

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20070703081400/http://www.aviation.ru/Bartini/

DAR
1930s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
Flying boats
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
NOTS-EV-2 Caleb. The NOTS-EV-2 Caleb, also known as NOTS-500, Hi-Hoe and SIP was an expendable launch system, which was later used as a sounding rocket and prototype anti-satellite weapon. It was developed by the United States Navy's Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) as a follow-up to the NOTS-EV-1 Pilot, which had been abandoned following ten launches officially classified as failed missions. Two were launched in July and October 1960, before the cancellation of the project. Following cancellation, two leftover Calebs were used in the Satellite Interceptor Program (SIP), while three more were used as sounding rockets, under the designation Hi-Hoe. These derivatives flew until July 1962, when the Hi-Hoe made its final flight.

Development
The Caleb was originally designed as a fast-response orbital launch system, to place small reconnaissance satellites, and other military payloads, into orbit at short notice. The orbital configurations were four-stage vehicles, whilst test launches used one- and two-stage configurations. The project was cancelled due to pressure from the United States Air Force, who were responsible for all other orbital launches conducted by the US military, and no attempts to launch the vehicle into orbit were made.

Caleb was an air-launched rocket, with its two launches being conducted from F4D Skyray #747, the same aircraft used in the Pilot trials. Hi-Hoe was also air-launched. It was released from an F4H Phantom II, which provided greater performance. SIP launches were conducted from a ground launch pad on San Nicolas Island. The aircraft used for the airborne launches took off from Point Arguello, which later became part of Vandenberg Air Force Base, currently Vandenberg Space Force Base.

Operational history

The Caleb made its maiden flight, in a single-stage test configuration, on 28 July 1960. Its second flight was made on 24 October of the same year, and used a two-stage configuration. It was unsuccessful, due to the second stage's failure to ignite. Both test launches were suborbital.

Both SIP launches used the two-stage configuration. The first was conducted on 1 October 1961. It was successful and reached an apogee of . The second test, launched on 5 May 1962 was also successful, and reached the same apogee. The three Hi-Hoe launches were conducted on 5 October 1961, and 26 March and 25 July 1962. On the first two launches the second stage failed to ignite, however the third was successful, and reached an apogee of .

Despite the program's turn towards success, the project was cancelled soon after the final Hi-Hoe test, the Department of Defense choosing to concentrate on the U.S. Air Force's Blue Scout sounding rocket program.

Launch history

See also 

 List of sounding rockets
 ASM-135 ASAT
 NOTS-EV-1 Pilot
 Jaguar (American rocket)

References

Air launch to orbit
Equipment of the United States Navy
Sounding rockets of the United States
Anti-satellite missiles
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Bartini Stal-6. The Bartini Stal-6, was a single-engined experimental aircraft designed, built and tested in the USSR from 1930.

Development
After joining the OOS (Otdel Opytnogo Samolyetostroeniya - section for experimental aircraft construction), Bartini was appointed leader of his own design group, where he attempted to design the fastest, most advanced machine possible. After submission of his proposal to TsKB (Tsentrahl'noye konstrooktorskoye byuro - central construction bureau), there was an 18-month delay before permission was given to proceed. 
The major component of the Stal-6 was the V-1570 Curtiss Conqueror steam-cooled V-12 engine, this was closely cowled and defined the maximum sectional area of the fuselage, which transitioned smoothly from nose to tail with a flush cockpit canopy. The manually retractable undercarriage consisted of a single main-wheel and skids at the wing-tips.
To eliminate the drag of radiators the wings were double skinned with 'enerzh-6' (stainless steel), from the leading-edge back to the main-spar, to form the surface-evaporation radiators for the steam cooling system of the engine.

Flight testing began in the autumn of 1933 piloted by A.B.Yumashyev and P.M.Stefanovskii, revealing exceptional performance and setting a Soviet speed record, but severe problems with the steam cooling system as well as the bad view from the cockpit were insurmountable. The need for steam cooling was soon to be negated by the widespread availability of ethylene glycol-based coolants, which had a better specific heat and a much higher boiling point.

Variants

Stal-8  
The Stal-8 was a fighter developed from the preceding Stal-6 experimental aircraft.
The Curtiss Conqueror steam-cooled V-12 engine was replaced by an M-100A (licence-built Hispano-Suiza 12YBR), this also was closely cowled and defined the maximum sectional area of the fuselage, which transitioned smoothly from nose to tail except for the cockpit which was enlarged to improve the view of the pilot. Two 7.62mm ShKAS machine-guns were to be fitted in the top decking over the engine, synchronised to fire through the propeller.

Construction of the prototype, with steel tube fuselage covered with plywood skinning and steel tube built up wings, with the 'enerzh' double skinned surface-evaporation radiators forming the leading edge skin, back to the main-spars, was approximately 90% finished when the Soviet Air Force rejected the aircraft on grounds of vulnerability of the cooling system.

Specifications (Stal-6)

See also
 List of aircraft

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995.

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20070703081400/http://www.aviation.ru/Bartini/

1930s Soviet experimental aircraft
Stal-006
Single-engined piston aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with retractable bicycle landing gear
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Bartini Stal-7. The Bartini Stal-7 was a twin-engined transport aircraft designed and produced in the Soviet Union from 1934.

Development
Aeroflot issued a requirement for two transport aircraft types. Bartini began design work in October 1934 on an aircraft to meet the larger 10/12 passenger specification. Initially Bartini intended the Stal-7 to use a steel tube truss airframe, with fabric covering, but problems with complexity and the flexibility of the truss structure led Bartini to re-design the aircraft with a light-alloy monocoque structure. 

The hydraulically retractable main undercarriage legs retracted rearwards into the engine nacelles, which were positioned at the junction of the inverted gull wings. The trailing edges had hydraulically operated flaps inboard and ailerons outboard. Both the wings and tail surfaces were sharply tapered and the inboard wing sections sloped sharply upwards to pass through the fuselage cabin.

Flight testing began in the spring of 1937 piloted by N. P. Shebanov, revealing high efficiency in speed, range and load. The Stal-7 crashed on take-off during full load testing, prompting the arrest of Bartini who was imprisoned in a sharashka in Bolshevo led by fellow inmate Andrei Tupolev.

Repair of the Stal-7 was carried out under Vladimir Yermolaev's direction in 1939 and the aircraft continued to demonstrate excellent cruise performance during a , Moscow – Sverdlovsk – Sevastopol – Moscow, non-stop flight averaging .

The impressive performance of the Stal-7 prompted the appointment of Yermolaev as the head of OKB-240, to develop the Stal-7 into an effective long-range bomber, resulting in the DB-240 (Dal'niy Bombardirovschik – long-range bomber), Yer-2 and Yer-4 aircraft.

Specifications (Stal-7)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London, Osprey. 1995.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070703081400/http://www.aviation.ru/Bartini/

Inverted gull-wing aircraft
1930s Soviet airliners
Stal-007
Mid-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
Vakhmistrov I-Ze. The  Vakhmistrov I-Ze was a parasite fighter designed in the USSR in 1934-5.

Development
To take the best advantage of parasite bomber/fighter combinations like the  Vakhmistrov Zveno project,  Vakhmistrov designed a special fighter to be carried by Kalinin VS-2 bombers. This aircraft was to have been a small low-wing monoplane powered by an  Gnome-Rhone GRKs engine. With a weight of only 1910 kg, it was expected that a top speed of 518 km/h (321 mph) would be attainable. Weight was to be kept to a minimum by the use of a centerline skid undercarriage and small dimensions:- a wingspan of 7.75m (25 ft 5in) and a wing area of only .
Construction of the prototype was started but discontinued in 1936 when support faded for the Zvyeno ("link") concept, as the supporters were eliminated in the Stalinist purges.

Specifications (I-Ze)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995.

External links
 http://aerofiles.com/_curt.html

1930s Soviet fighter aircraft
Tairov OKO-1. The Tairov OKO-1 (Opytno Konstrooktorskoye - experimental design section), was a passenger transport aircraft produced in the Ukrainian SSR in the USSR in 1937.

Development
Late in 1935 V.K. Tairov helped form the OKO (experimental design section) in Kiev. In 1937 the OKO-1 was completed as a six-seat passenger transport, with all wood construction, this single engined monoplane demonstrated good performance with state-of-the-art systems. Electrically driven flaps, pneumatic wheel brakes, trimmers on all the tail surfaces, heated cabin, lighting and instruments for night or blind flying, full sound-proofing and full GVF(civil air fleet) equipment were all incorporated. The performance of the aircraft in flight tests was regarded as excellent but, for unknown reasons, production was not undertaken.

Specifications (OKO-1)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875 – 1995”. London, Osprey. 1995. 

1930s Soviet airliners
OKO-1
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined tractor aircraft