omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kawanishi K8K. The Kawanishi K8K (long designation - Kawanishi Navy Type 0 Primary Seaplane Trainer) was a Japanese floatplane trainer designed and built by the Kawanishi Aircraft Company for the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was selected for production, but only a small number were built before a change in the Japanese Navy's training needs led to production being stopped.

Development and design
In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy drew up a specification for a 12-shi primary floatplane trainer to replace its Yokosuka K4Y or Navy Type 90 Primary Seaplane Trainer. The specification was issued to the established builders of aircraft for the Navy, Kawanishi and Watanabe and to the relative newcomer Nihon Hikoki (also known as "Nippi"). The specification required use of the same Gasuden Jimpu radial engine used by the K4Y, and the three designs showed little changes from the aircraft they were to replace.

Kawanishi's design, which was given the short designation K8K1, was, like the other two designs, a single-engine biplane with a fabric-covered, steel-tube fuselage and a wooden wing with two floats. The trainee and instructor sat in individual open cockpits. The first of three prototypes made its maiden flight on 6 July 1938 was handed over to the Navy for testing in August that year. Nippi's submission (the K8Ni) was disqualified from the competition because it was completed too late, and the K8K was found to be much better than the K4Y, which it was intended to replace. It was selected in preference to Watanabe's Watanabe K8W and placed in production as the Navy Type 0 Primary Seaplane Trainer. After twelve more aircraft had been built, however, production was stopped, as the Navy had decided to use the more powerful Yokosuka K5Y to carry out primary floatplane training.

Specifications

References

 

K08K, Kawanishi
K8K
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Zeppelin-Lindau CS.I. The Zeppelin-Lindau CS.I was a German single-engined reconnaissance seaplane with a low-wing monoplane layout.

Development
In 1918, Claude Dornier, working at the time at the Zeppelin factory in Lindau, proposed a reconnaissance seaplane to replace the Hansa-Brandenburg W.29. During flight tests, it became clear that the power of the power plant was insufficient and the engine was replaced by an  Benz Bz.IIIbo water-cooled V-8 engine. Nonetheless, test flights were discontinued following the World War I armistice.

Design
The CS.I was a twin float all-metal seaplane with a monocoque fuselage, initially powered by a  Mercedes D.IIIa six-cylinder in-line water-cooled engine. Armament consisted of a fixed forward-firing, synchronised  LMG 08/15 Spandau machine gun and a flexibly mounted  Parabellum MG 14 machine-gun in the rear cockpit.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

CS.I
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Ezra Gilliland. Ezra Torrance Gilliland (June 17, 1845 – May 13, 1903) was an inventor who designed the telephone switchboard and the magneto bell. Gilliland had a laboratory in his home and "kept seven expert electricians employed" as he worked on his ideas. He built the first telephone exchange in Indianapolis in the 1870s under the name Gilliland Telephone Manufacturing Company and later worked for the Bell Telephone Company.

Gilliland was a friend and colleague of Thomas Edison and the two worked together on many projects. They met as young men and called each other "Damon and Pythias" because of their close friendship. Edison met his second wife at Gilliland's home. Gilliland wrote frequently in trade journals promoting Edison's inventions. The two were business partners, even occupying adjacent vacation homes in Fort Myers, Florida, until 1889 when they had a falling out over business dealings.

Personal life
Gilliland was born in Cuba, New York.  He married Lillian M. Johnson. 
They moved to Pelham, New York in the early 1890s.

References

External links
 Works authored by Gilliland among Thomas Edison's Digital Archive

1845 births
1903 deaths
Tupolev ANT-53. The Tupolev ANT-53 was a late 1930s project for a passenger aircraft by the Tupolev Design Bureau.

Development and design
The Tupolev ANT-53 was developed as an airliner derivative of the Tupolev TB-7 heavy bomber, effectively constituting the Soviet counterpart to the Boeing 307 Stratoliner pressurized airliner. The pressurized cabin of the ANT-53 would have accommodated 48 passengers or 6 tons of cargo, and power was to be supplied by either 4 Mikulin AM-34FRNV or 4 Tumansky M-85 engines. However, development was abandoned due to shortages of aerospace engineers resulting from the 1937-1938 Great Purge.

References

1930s Soviet airliners
ANT-53
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Hunter 54. The Hunter 54 is an American sailboat that was designed by Warren Luhrs, John Cherubini and Cortland Steck as a cruiser and first built in 1980. The design was based upon three years of off-shore racing experience.

Production
The design was built by Hunter Marine in the United States between 1980 and 1983, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Hunter 54 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. The hull was designed by Warren Luhrs and John Cherubini, while Cortland Steck designed the rig. It has a cutter rig, a raked stem, a walk-through reverse transom with a swimming platform, folding ladder and dinghy stowage in a watertight compartment, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a diesel engine of . The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

Factory standard equipment included a cockpit-mounted, six-man, life-raft; 120% staysail; anchor and built-in anchor roller; integral solar panel; teak and holly cabin sole; two fully enclosed heads with showers; private forward and aft cabins; a dinette table; refrigerator; dual sinks; gimbaled stove and oven;  fiberglass dinghy, with oars and life jackets.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 54 with a high of 42 and low of 66. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Official brochure

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Warren Luhrs
Sailboat type designs by John Cherubini
Sailboat type designs by Cortland Steck
Sailboat types built by Hunter Marine
Tupolev ANT-30. The Tupolev ANT-30 was a mid-1930s project for a reconnaissance/strike 'cruiser-type' aircraft by the Tupolev Design Bureau.

Development and design
In 1933–1934, the VVS announced a requirement for a 2-engine multirole aircraft of the 'air cruiser' class, building upon the concepts incorporated in the R-6 and MI-3. According to the draft, the ANT-30 was to be carried out according to the scheme of an all-metal twin-engine aircraft with a smooth skin and normal tail. When considering possible projects, special attention was paid to the effectiveness of offensive and defensive small arms and cannon weapons. A firing point with two ShKAS machine guns was located in the anterior ascending domed installation; In the fuselage cargo compartment in the "cruiser" version, there was an additional fuel tank; The total bomb load reached 1000 kg.

The Air Force made ANT-30 aircraft TTT, carried out aerodynamic calculations, made models, prepared design documentation for the construction of a prototype, and pilot production began. But all the works were gradually curtailed at the end of 1933 - at the beginning of 1934, at this point the technical readiness of the ANT-30 was estimated at 16%. The reason was the decision to switch to a more promising type of aircraft - ANT-40 (SB), as well as the gradual withering away of the concept of a universal cruiser type aircraft.

References

1930s Soviet military reconnaissance aircraft
1930s Soviet bomber aircraft
ANT-30
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Shape from focus. Shape from focus or shape from defocus is a method of 3D reconstruction which consists of the use of information about the focus of an optical system to provide a means of measurement for 3D information. One of the simplest forms of this method can be found in most autofocus cameras today. In its most simple form, the methods analyze an image based upon overall contrast from a histogram, the width of edges, or more commonly, the frequency spectrum derived from a fast Fourier transform of the image. That information might be used to drive a servo mechanism in the lens, focusing it until the quantity measured on one of the earlier parameters is optimized.

References

Autofocus cameras
Optical metrology
3D imaging
Halberstadt G.I. The Halberstadt G.I was a German prototype heavy bomber built by Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke during World War I.

Design
It was a two-seat biplane equipped with two  Mercedes D.III engines. The aircraft's armament consisted of one or two Parabellum MG14  machine guns mounted in the rear cockpit on a flexible mount. Maximum bomb load was .

Development
The Halberstadt G.I first flew in spring 1916, but test results showed no real improvement over existed G-series aircraft, and the Luftstreitkrafte rejected the design for consideration into production.

Specifications (G.I)

See also

References

External links

 

1910s German bomber aircraft
G.I
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Shiw Sahai Naraine. Shiw Sahai "Steve" Naraine (4 March 1924 – 31 July 2013) was a Guyanese engineer and politician from People's National Congress.

Naraine attended Queen Mary's College, London University. Upon graduating in 1951, he returned to British Guiana and was appointed district engineer, Essequibo, then executive engineer in 1956. In 1957, he became deputy director of public works and in 1960, Director of Drainage and Irrigation in the Drainage and Irrigation Department.

In 1961, he earned a diploma from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands in the area of sea defence. A government restructure changed the title of the role, making Naraine the Chief and Works Hydraulics Officer. In 1965, he studied water resources development at the University of Colorado.

Naraine was elected to the Parliament in the 1970s, and held a cabinet portfolios in the Forbes Burnham administration including as minister of housing between 1972 and 1974, Senior Minister of Works and Transport between 1974 and 1980, and Vice President of Guyana from October 1980 to October 1983, and minister of works and transport and later social infrastructure between 1980 and 1983. After he retired from the government, Naraine was appointed as high commissioner to India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

In 1984, he received the Cacique Crown of Honour (C.C.H).

References

1924 births
2013 deaths
Vice presidents of Guyana
Government ministers of Guyana
People's National Congress Reform politicians
High commissioners of Guyana to India
Friedrichshafen N.I. The Friedrichshafen N.I was a German prototype night bomber built by Friedrichshafen during World War I.

Design and development
The Friedrichshafen N.I was a two-seat biplane equipped with a  Mercedes D.IVa engine, double-mainwheel tri-cycle landing gear and large relatively highly swept biplane wings. It flew in 1917, but flight testing revealed a number of deficiencies, the main one of which was the large length of the nose, which made it difficult for the pilot to get a look at landing, especially at night.

See also

References

Bibliography

 

N.I
1910s German bomber aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Aviatik C.IX. The Aviatik C.IX was a prototype German observation aircraft built by Aviatik in the final months of World War I.

Design
The C.IX was a development of the C.VIII with a nine-cylinder Benz Bz.IV engine with a capacity of 200 hp. The aircraft's armament consisted of a synchronized 7.92-mm machine gun LMG 08/15 Spandau and one 7.92-mm machine gun LMG 14 Parabellum on a turret mounted in the rear cabin. 

Three prototype aircraft were built (Wk.n. 6306/18-6308/18). The two prototypes had ailerons on both wings, while the third had ailerons only on the upper wing. The prototypes also differed from each other in the form of the tail.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

Further reading

C.IX
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Aviatik C.VIII. The Aviatik C.VIII was a prototype German observation aircraft built by Aviatik in World War I.

Design
The C.VIII was a development of the C.VII with the former's BMW IV engine replaced by the simpler Benz Bz.IV. It was an aerodynamically clean biplane with a minimum amount of biplane box struts and a cut-out in the upper wing to improve visibility from the cockpit. Like the Halberstadt CL.II, the Aviatik C.VIII had a plywood-covered fuselage tapering down to a narrow tail. 

The Aviatik C.VIII was judged obsolete in 1917 given the deployment of an observer in front of the pilot.

Specifications

References

Further reading

External links

C.VIII
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Capella (concrete ship). Capella is a concrete ship constructed in 1943 at Ostvinda (Swinemunde), by the manufacturer Schalenbau KG, Dyckerhoff & Widmann KG.

Overview
This ship was not completed during the Second World War, but after its completion, it served mainly as a digger of dredging currents and as a tugboat to other ships. In 1988, it was proclaimed a German technical monument, and in 2003, she earned a position at the Maritime Ship Museum, on the Warnow River in Rostock, 250 km north of Berlin.

References

1943 ships
Concrete ships
Pfalz Dr.II. The Pfalz Dr.II was a German triplane fighter prototype of World War I built by Pfalz Flugzeugwerke.

Development
The Pfalz Dr.II was a lightweight development of the Dr.I with a reduced wing area. The first prototype had a 110 hp (81 kW) Oberursel Ur II engine, and the second prototype (Dr.IIa) used a Siemens-Halske Sh I engine, which developed the same power. However, the Dr.II did not enter production.

List of operators

Luftstreitkrafte

Specifications (Dr.IIa)

References

Bibliography

 
 

Dr.II
1910s German fighter aircraft
Triplanes
Rotary-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Oeffag C.I. The Oeffag C.I was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in Austria-Hungary during World War I.

Development
The C.I model was established in 1915 in the Austrian-Hungarian Österreichische Flugzeugfabrik AG in Wiener Neustadt. The design of the aircraft was modeled on the German "C" series Albatros and Brandenburg airplanes. Oeffag CI did not meet the conditions necessary for the combat aircraft and the production of these machines was stopped after producing about 20 copies. In Austro-Hungarian aviation, CI aircraft were directed to aviation schools.

In Poland, there were probably four C.I aircraft, acquired in Małopolska. Two machines served in 7 EM (or EL *), and the other Aviation School in Kraków. Those who were withdrawn from service were probably in the second half of 1920 (from the 7th squadron already in autumn 1919).

Specifications

References

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
C.I
PlaidML. PlaidML is a portable tensor compiler. Tensor compilers bridge the gap between the universal mathematical descriptions of deep learning operations, such as convolution, and the platform and chip-specific code needed to perform those operations with good performance. Internally, PlaidML makes use of the Tile eDSL  to generate OpenCL, OpenGL, LLVM, or CUDA code. It enables deep learning on devices where the available computing hardware is either not well supported or the available software stack contains only proprietary components. For example, it does not require the usage of CUDA or cuDNN on Nvidia hardware, while achieving comparable performance.

PlaidML supports the machine learning libraries Keras, ONNX, and nGraph. However, Keras have dropped support of multiple backends and latest Keras version isn't compatible with PlaidML. An integration with Tensorflow-Keras is planned as a replacement for Keras.

History 
In August 2018 Intel acquired Vertex.AI, a startup whose mission statement was “deep learning for every platform”. Intel released PlaidML as free software under to the terms of the Apache Licence (version 2.0) to improve compatibility with nGraph, TensorFlow, and other ecosystem software.

References

External links 
 

Tensors
Compilers
Dorji Khandu. Dorji Khandu is a Bhutanese politician who has been a member of the National Council of Bhutan, from May 2018 to May 2023. Shortly after he travelled abroad to pursue a career in a different field.

Education
He holds a Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering and a Master of Engineering in Civil Engineering (WREM).

References 

Members of the National Council (Bhutan)
1980s births
Living people
Ufag C.I. The UFAG C.I was a military reconnaissance aircraft produced in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I, by the Ungarische Flugzeugfabrik Abteil Gesellschaft (UFAG) . It was introduced in April 1918, and was widely used on the Italian Front in the final months of World War I.

The UFAG C.I incorporated the best features of the Brandenburg C.II(U) with single-bay wings and 'I' strut inter-plane bracing, which was replaced wing conventional steel-tube interplane struts in production aircraft. More manoeuvrable than the Phönix C.I, the C.I had good performance, but suffered from a few odd handling characteristics.

Production of the C.I continued after the Armistice by MARE and was also built by the Neuschloss-Lichtig factory as the NL Sportplane.

Variants
Data from:Austro-Hungarian Army Aircraft of World War One
UFAG 161.01First prototype  span,  Hiero 6, 'I' type inter-plane struts.
UFAG 161.02Second prototype,  Hiero 6, 'I' type inter-plane struts.
UFAG C.I  (series 161.03 to 161.22) Production by Ufag,  span,  Hiero 6, twin inter-plane struts.
UFAG C.I  (series 161.31 to 161.250) Production by Ufag,  span,  Hiero 6, twin inter-plane struts.
UFAG C.I(Ph) (series 123.01 to 123.40) Production by Phönix,  span,  Hiero 6, twin inter-plane struts.
UFAG 60.01 an improved C.I which would evolve into the UFAG 60.03 / C.II.

Operational history
The C.I was widely used by the KuKLFT on the Italian front by at least 30 Fliks. The C.I was also used post WWI by the Hungarian Red Airborne Corps as well as the clandestine Hungarian Legügyi Hivatal. Ex-military C.Is were also converted for civil use and as mailplanes.

Royal Yugoslav Air Force - Postwar.

Romanian Air Corps - 20 UFAG C.I captured from the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.

Specifications (C.I second series 161.23 - 161.250)

References

1910s Austro-Hungarian military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Schütte-Lanz C.I. The Schütte-Lanz C.I was a German reconnaissance aircraft prototype of World War I.

Design
The aircraft was a double wooden biplane equipped with a 160 hp Mercedes D.III engine. The observer was in the bow cabin, which provided a good overview and was armed with a 7.92-mm Parabellum machine gun on a movable turret.

Development
The C.I was the first airplane built by Schütte-Lanz, which had specialized in airship construction. The prototype made its first flight in 1915, but the aircraft did not enter production.

Specifications

References

Further reading

C.I
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
OAW C.I. The OAW C.I was a German reconnaissance aircraft prototype of World War I.

Design
The OAW C.I was built at the Albatros Schneidemühl factory, powered by a Benz Bz.III engine delivering . It had provisions for two crew, a pilot and an observer.

References

Bibliography

C.01
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Eubank Landfill Solar Array. The Eubank Landfill Solar Array is a photovoltaic power station in Albuquerque, New Mexico that consists of 1.0 MWAC of concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) and 1.0 MWAC of flat-panel silicon photovoltaics (PV).  It is the only utility-scale CPV system utilizing Suncore third-generation technology that is operational and grid-connected in the US.   A portion of the output is being sold to PNM under a Power Purchase Agreement.

Facility details

The facility was constructed by Suncore and Bixby Electric starting in 2012 on a former landfill near EMCORE's corporate headquarters in the Sandia Science and Technology Park.  Suncore Photovoltaics Technology Co, Ltd, was founded in 2010 as a joint-venture company by Chinese LED optoelectronics manufacturer Sanan Optoelectronics (60%) and U.S. semiconductor manufacturer EMCORE Corporation (40%).  EMCORE was also purchasing part of the facility's output for its local administrative and manufacturing operations.

The 1.21 MWp (1.0 MWAC) concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) portion of the facility consists of 48 dual-axis Suncore CPV-Gen3.5 solar tracking systems divided into 2 sections.  The 24 systems of each section are connected in parallel to a central grid-connected 500 kW SatCon inverter.  Each system supports 56 DDM-1090X CPV modules which are each rated to produce 450 Wp.  Each module contains 15 Fresnel lenses to concentrate sunlight 1090 times onto approximately 1 cm2 multi-junction solar cells which were locally developed and manufactured by EMCORE, allowing 28% module efficiency which is greater than other photovoltaic power plants.

The Gen3.5 tracker system is especially notable for its tilt and roll design,  which is unique among the trackers used by other CPV vendors.   The same system is utilized at the 1.26 MWp Evora Landfill facility in Portugal, and at Suncore's 138 MWp Golmud CPV Solar Park,  the largest CPV power station in the world.

Electricity production

See also

 Golmud CPV Solar Park
 Hatch Solar Energy Center
 Renewable energy in the United States
 Renewable portfolio standard
 Solar power in the United States

References

External links
  VIDEO: Eubank Landfill Solar Array - Aerial and Ground Footage
 Suncore Brochure 

Energy infrastructure completed in 2013
Solar power stations in New Mexico
Photovoltaic power stations in the United States