omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Yttrium hydride. Yttrium hydride is a compound of hydrogen and yttrium. It is considered to be a part of the class of rare-earth metal hydrides. It exists in several forms, the most common being a metallic compound with formula YH2. YH2 has a face-centred cubic structure, and is a metallic compound.  Under great pressure, extra hydrogen can combine to yield an insulator with a hexagonal structure, with a formula close to YH3. Hexagonal YH3 has a band gap of 2.6 eV. Under pressure of 12 GPa YH3 transforms to an intermediate state, and when the pressure increases to 22 GPa another metallic face-centred cubic phase is formed.

In 1996, it was shown that the metal-insulator transition when going from YH2 to YH3 can be used to change the optical state of windows from non-transparent to transparent. This report spurred a wave of research on metal hydride-based chromogenic materials and smart windows; gasochromic windows reacting to hydrogen gas and electrochromic structures where the transparency can be regulated by applying an external voltage. When containing a substantial amount of oxygen, yttrium hydride is also found to exhibit reversible photochromic properties. This switchable optical property enables their utilization in many technological applications, such as sensors, goggles, and medical devices in addition to the smart windows. According to a research results, the strength of the photochromic response is found to decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in the film accompanied by an optical band gap widening. 

Yttrium hydride is being looked at as a high temperature superconductor. 

Yttrium hydride is being looked at as a neutron moderator for use in new nuclear reactor designs.

References

Yttrium compounds
Metal hydrides
High-temperature superconductors
Ludwig Lohner. Ludwig Lohner (15 July 1858 – 14 July 1925) ran his family's company as it became one of the first manufacturers of cars and airplanes in Austria-Hungary.

Life and work 
Lohner studied mechanical engineering at the Vienna University of Technology from 1875 to 1880. In 1887 he took over the management of his father's carriage company, Jacob Lohner & Company, and inherited it when his father died in 1892.

In 1897, the company began manufacturing electric automobiles.  Lohner hired Ferdinand Porsche in 1898, and with him developed the Lohner Porsche which was popular at the 1900 World Exposition in Paris. The partnership went on to develop mixed gasoline-electric drive cars.

In 1909 Lohner decided the company should make airplanes.  With technical manager Karl Paulal he built a glider in April 1909 then began to invest in making powered aircraft with a 40-hp Anzani engine.

References

Bibliography 
 Erwin Steinböck. 1984. Lohner zu Land, zu Wasser und in der Luft: die Geschichte eines industriellen Familienunternehmens von 1823-1970. H. Weishaupt. (In German)

External links 
 Lohner company

Businesspeople from Austria-Hungary
1858 births
1925 deaths
Aviation pioneers
Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development. The Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC) is an institute for architectural and civil construction in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

History
In 1969, the Building College merged with the College of Engineering and formed the Faculty of Technology under Addis Ababa University, and remained as such until 2009.  On 6 March 2010, the institute was reformed into its current state as the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development.

References

See also 

 List of universities and colleges in Ethiopia
 Education in Ethiopia

External links
 EiABC official site
 Addis Abeba university
 ETH-EiABC Student Workshop | ETH Zurich
 EiABC

Universities and colleges in Ethiopia
1952 establishments in Ethiopia
Educational institutions established in 1952
Education in Addis Ababa
Architecture in Ethiopia
Urban planning
Liu Huixian. Liu Huixian (; 1912–1992) was a Chinese structural engineer and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is famous for his contribution to earthquake engineering and is seen as "the father of earthquake engineering".

Liu graduated from Southwest Jiaotong University  (then Tangshan Jiaotong University) in 1933. He later received his master's degree from Cornell University and his doctorate from the University of Illinois. He taught in Zhejiang University and National Southwestern Associated University from 1938 until 1946. He married fellow scientist Hong Jing (洪晶), a physicist of the Harbin Institute of Technology, in 1941. In 1947, he went to the United States and taught in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 1951, he returned to China and taught in Tsinghua University. In 1952, he joined the Jiusan Society and went to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1978, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. He died in Harbin in 1992.

A statue of Liu was installed at Southwest Jiaotong University in 2013. There is also a prize for earthquake engineering named after Liu.

References

1912 births
1992 deaths
Chinese structural engineers
Cornell University alumni
Earthquake engineering
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the Jiusan Society
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Southwest Jiaotong University alumni
Academic staff of Tsinghua University
University of Illinois alumni
Academic staff of Zhejiang University
Chinese expatriates in the United States
L'Industrie Electrique et le Ressource Motrice de la Turquie. L'Industrie Electrique et le Ressource Motrice de la Turquie is a book by Hasan Halet Işıkpınar first published in 1932.  It was originally printed in İstanbul in French language as written by the author.  The book mainly focuses on the electrical and petroleum resources of the newly founded Turkish Republic, mainly with the aim of drawing attention to the potential of the country.  The findings were later presented to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the modern Turkish Republic.  Today it is still a widely cited resource for researchers interested in the topic.

References

1932 non-fiction books
Books about Turkey
Energy in Turkey
Jingdong Circuit. Jingdong Circuit or Jingdong Province was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty. In 1072 it was divided into two circuits: Jingdong East Circuit and Jingdong West Circuit.

Its administrative area corresponds to roughly the modern provinces of Shandong, northeastern Henan and northwestern Jiangsu.

References
 

Circuits of the Song dynasty
Former circuits in Shandong
Former circuits in Jiangsu
Former circuits in Henan
RMG (program). RMG (Real Space MultiGrid) is an open source density functional theory electronic structure code distributed under the GNU General Public License. It solves Kohn-Sham equations directly on a 3D real space grid without using basis set functions. RMG is highly scalable; it has been run on supercomputers with thousands of CPU cores.

Description
RMG's main feature is that it uses real-space mesh as a basis, rather plane waves or other types of basis set functions. This formulation lends itself to a straightforward parallelization, because each processor can be assigned a region of space. This avoids the need for Fourier transforms, and makes RMG highly scalable. The multigrid method is used to solve Poisson equation and to accelerate convergence. Mehrstellen discretization, which is shorter ranged than the commonly used than central difference discretization, is used to represent the kinetic energy operator. This decreases the cost of processor-to-processor communication, which is advantageous for the use on massively parallel supercomputers.

Domain decomposition is used to assign different regions of space to individual CPU cores or nodes. RMG scales nearly linearly up to 100k processor cores and 20k GPUs on Cray XK6.

RMG was originally developed in 1993–1994 at North Carolina State University. It was written in C with small parts being in FORTRAN. The current version uses a mixture of C and C++. MPI is used for inter-node communication and C++11 threads for intra-node parallelization. Other libraries used are Lapack, ScaLAPACK, FFTW, libxc and spglib.

RMG runs on laptops, desktops, workstations, clusters or supercomputers. It can run on Linux, Unix, Windows and Mac OS X operating systems.

See also
 Quantum chemistry computer programs

References

External links
 RMG Website

Computational chemistry software
Free software programmed in C++
Software using the GNU General Public License
No. 672 Squadron AAC. No. 672 Squadron AAC is a former squadron of the British Army's Army Air Corps (AAC). It was formerly No. 672 Squadron RAF, a Royal Air Force squadron that was operational during the Second World War within British India.

Service
In 1944, it was decided to form six Army Air Corps squadrons in British India in order to support planned airborne assault operations in South East Asia. The squadrons would be equipped with Waco Hadrian gliders and light aircraft, and would be crewed by a mixture of surplus pilots from the Royal Air Force and pilots from the Glider Pilot Regiment. 672 Squadron formed at Bikram, Bihar as part of No. 344 Wing RAF, (No. 229 Group RAF), and equipped with Hadrians and de Havilland Tiger Moth trainers. The squadron flew training missions for the rest of the Second World War, but did not see combat, and was disbanded on 1 July 1946 as last unit of 344 Wing.

No badge was authorised for the squadron.

672 was formed as an AAC squadron on 1 January 1990 operating the Westland Lynx AH.7 from Alanbrooke Barracks, Topcliffe within 9 Regiment AAC. It moved to Dishforth Airfield during March 1992 and disbanded during December 1993.

The squadron was reformed during September 2001 to develop tactics for attack helicopter use within the British Army. It began operating the Lynx AH.9 from June 2004, deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Telic from January to June 2007.

The unit deployed to Afghanistan as part of Operation Herrick where it was the first Army Air Corps to operate the new AgustaWestland Lynx AH.9A on operations.

It was initially planned to reactivate the squadron for the AgustaWestland Wildcat AH.1 but this did not materalise.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

See also

 List of Army Air Corps aircraft units

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 History of No.'s 671–1435 Squadrons at RAF Web

Army Air Corps aircraft squadrons
Military units and formations established in 1990
Military units and formations disestablished in 2016
Rad MXL. The Rad MXL is a British paramotor that was designed by John Radford and produced by Rad Aviation of Kidlington for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The MXL was designed with a focus on lightness. It was intended to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3:1 ratio reduction drive, recoil start and a  diameter three-bladed, ground adjustable, composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is . The aircraft chassis is built from a combination of high-tensile steel. An optional completely dismantle-able cage was a factory option to improve ground portability.

Acceptable pilot weight is up to .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Variants
MXL
Model with a  empty weight.
MXL SC
Model with a  empty weight.

Specifications (MXL)

References

MXL
2000s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Tianjin animal cloning center. The Tianjin animal cloning center was planned in 2015 and "to be put into use in the first half of 2016" in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area of Tianjin, China,  but as of 2022, no opening has been reported.

Development
The factory was announced to be developed by Sinica, a subsidiary of the Chinese company Boyalife, along with the Institute of Molecular Medicine at  Peking University, the Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, and the Sooam Bioengineering Research Institute in South Korea.

Facility and operations
The 14,000-square-metre facility would have hosted a laboratory, a cloning center, a gene bank, and educational exhibits for the public. The consortium planned to spend 200 million RMB (US$31 million) to produce 100,000 cloned cattle per year for China's rapidly growing beef market, and then expand to one million cattle per year (China planned to buy one million head of cattle from Australia in 2016 at a cost of US$2 billion). In addition to cows, the factory had planned to clone many different types of animals, including dogs, horses, and endangered and extinct animals.

See also
Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)
Stem cell laws and policy in China

References

Meat industry
Intensive farming
Ethically disputed business practices towards animals
Cloning
Rad RXL. The Rad RXL is a British paramotor that was designed by John Radford and produced by Rad Aviation of Kidlington for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The RXL was designed with a focus on lightness. It was intended to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3:1 ratio reduction drive, recoil start and a  diameter three-bladed, ground adjustable, composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is . The aircraft chassis is built from a combination of high-tensile steel. An optional completely dismantle-able cage was a factory option to improve ground portability.

Acceptable pilot weight is up to .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (RXL)

References

RXL
2000s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Rad SXL Custom. The Rad SXL Custom is a British paramotor that was designed by John Radford and produced by Rad Aviation of Kidlington for powered paragliding. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The SXL Custom was designed with a focus on lightness. It was intended to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules as well as European regulations. It features a paraglider-style wing, single-place accommodation and a single  Radne Raket 120 engine in pusher configuration with a 3:1 ratio reduction drive, recoil start and a  diameter three-bladed, ground adjustable, composite propeller. The fuel tank capacity is . The aircraft chassis is built from a combination of high-tensile steel. An optional completely dismantle-able cage was a factory option to improve ground portability.

Acceptable pilot weight is up to .

As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. Inflight steering is accomplished via handles that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw.

Specifications (SXL Custom)

References

SXL Custom
2000s British ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Rad Aviation. Rad Aviation was a British aircraft manufacturer based in Kidlington. The company was formed by John Radford and specialized in the design and manufacture of paramotors in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft for the European microlight rules.

The company was founded in 1989 as a powered paragliding research and development enterprise, producing their first production paramotor in 1995. By 2006 they reported that they had shipped more than 450 paramotors, selling mostly in the UK and Europe, plus the Middle East. The company went out of business in about 2006.

The company focus was on very lightweight paramotors with low-powered engines. Designs produced included the Rad Arrow, MXL, RXL and the SXL Custom.

Aircraft

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Ultralight aircraft
Paramotors
Textile block house. The textile block system is a unique structural building method created by Frank Lloyd Wright in the early 1920s.  While the details changed over time, the basic concept involves patterned concrete blocks reinforced by steel rods, created by pouring concrete mixture into molds, thus enabling the repetition of form.  The blocks are then stacked to build walls.

Wright's textile block houses are:

Ennis House
Robert and Rae Levin House (check also the other Michigan - Galesburg and Parkwin/Kalamazoo - houses at List of Frank Lloyd Wright works)
Millard House
Samuel Freeman House
Storer House (Los Angeles)
Westhope, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

Frank Lloyd Wright
No. 50 Squadron IAF. No. 50 squadron participates in operations involving Aerial reconnaissance and Early Warning Missile Launches.

History
The No. 50 Squadron were raised in 2009 at Agra Airforce Station of the Central Air Command. Beriev A-50 is based on the air-frame of the Ilyushin Il-76 and fitted by Beriev with PS-90A-76 engines and Israeli radar system EL/W-2090(Phalcon) mounted on the aircraft by Israeli company Elta Electronics Industries.

Lineage
 Constituted as No. 50 Squadron on 28 May 2009

Assignments
 Red Flag exercise

Aircraft
 Beriev A-50

References

050
Air force reconnaissance units and formations
Jingxi Circuit. Jingxi Circuit or Jingxi Province was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty. In 1072 it was divided into 2 circuits: Jingxi North Circuit and Jingxi South Circuit.

Its administrative area corresponds to roughly the modern provinces of southern Henan, northern Anhui, northern Hubei and eastern Shaanxi.

References
 

Circuits of the Song dynasty
Former circuits in Henan
Former circuits in Hubei
Former circuits in Anhui
Arsh Shah Dilbagi. Arsh Shah Dilbagi (born March 26, 1998) is an Indian scientist, inventor and roboticist. He completed his undergraduate at Princeton University studying Operations Research and Financial Engineering. He is the founder of Arido about which very little has been made public.

Career

2023 

 In 2023, the company of which he was CEO and Founder, Zage, shut down after having previously participated in Y-Combinator's Summer 2021 cohort.

2015 
 In August 2015, he established an exhibit housing a quadruped robot dog, at the Science and Innovation Museum in Presidential Residence at New Delhi. The exhibit is named 'A Day in the Life of a Robot Dog - CLUMSY'.

2014 

 In 2014, he developed  'TALK' which won the Voters' Choice Award at Google Science Fair 2014.

Notable work

2016 

CLUMSY,  A quadruped robot with 16 Servo Motors.

2014 
 TALK, an Assistive Device to convert breath into speech. It uses the variations in person's breath help him either dictate letters which are further combined and synthesised as sentences or speak-out specific commands/phrases depending on the mode selected.

Notable awards

2015 

Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF): Third Grand Award in the Embedded Systems Category, conferred by Intel and Society for Science at Intel ISEF 2015 held at Pittsburgh, USA. and American Psychological Association (APA) Third place ($500) . and American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA): first place at the same event.

2014 

Google Science Fair (GSF): Google Science Fair Voter's Choice Award, conferred by Google Inc. at GSF 2014, held at Google HQ., Mountain View, California, USA.
 Special Mention (4th place) in the E-Inclusion & Accessibility category at Manthan Award, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India.
 Second position at i3 - Indian Innovation Initiative 2014 held at Noida Expo Mart, Noida, India.

2011
 INSPIRE Award: Winning the 1st Position in North Zone, India for project 'Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV)' in INSPIRE National Science Competition held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.

References

External links 
Official Website

Living people
Society for Science & the Public
21st-century Indian inventors
1998 births
Indian roboticists
Indian business speakers
Princeton University people
People from Panipat district
Nakilat Damen Shipyards Qatar. Nakilat Damen Shipyards Qatar (NDSQ) is a Qatar-based shipyard established in 2010 in a joint venture between Nakilat and Damen Group.

Overview
NDSQ was established in November 2010 with its base of operations situated at the 15-hectare shipyard Erhama Bin Jaber Al Jalahma Shipyard near Ras Laffan. Its inception came as a result of an agreement reached between Nakilat and Damen Group in January 2010 wherein the two companies agreed to launch a joint venture company with 70% and 30% ownership, respectively. Materials used to build ships include steel, aluminum and fibre-reinforced plastic. Vessels are built with a maximum length of 170m.

Shipbuilding activities
NDSQ's first vessel was completed in September 2012. Named Load Out/Recovery Barge, the vessel was 140m long and weighed 6,500 tonnes. It had a maximum lifting capacity of 13,000 tonnes.

In January 2013, NDSQ built the largest-ever constructed vessel in Qatar, a 140m barge named Al Ghatrousah. Its name was revealed by energy minister Mohammed Saleh Al Sada in a ceremony at Erhama Bin Jaber Al Jalahma Shipyard.

In March 2013, the company reported that it would be constructing Qatar's first-ever luxury yacht, measuring 69m in length. The completion date was estimated to be in 2016.

Two memoranda of understanding were signed by the NDSQ in March 2014 stipulating the construction of seven vessels for the Qatar Armed Forces. The deal was reportedly valued at QAR 3.1 billion.

By November 2015, it was reported that Nakilat-Damen had built or was in the process of building in excess of 40 vessels.

References

External links
Official website

Shipbuilding companies of Qatar
2010 establishments in Qatar
Qatari companies established in 2010
Manufacturing companies established in 2010
Marsokhod. Marsokhod () is a Russian Mars rover project that was intended for use in the Mars-96 mission. Instead it was used for experiments into improving rover technology.

Prototypes of the Marsokhod rover were taken from Russia to the NASA Ames Research Center, where they were jointly developed by the US and Russia. This led to the development of a 'virtual environment control system', which meant the rover could be controlled remotely via an interface on a PC.

Since the development of this control interface the rover has been deployed in simulations. These experiments provide insight for robotics researchers and scientists preparing for planetary surface exploration.

References

Links 
 Interview with Carol Stoker from Planetary Systems Branch
 Marsokhod Desert Southwest Field Test
 Marsokhod: Autonomous navigation tests on a Mars-like terrain
 Small Marsokhod configuration

Mars rovers