omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Service fulfillment. Fulfillment of telecommunications services involves a series of supply chain activities responsible for assembling and making services available to subscribers. These activities delineate an operational infrastructure whose efficiency relies upon its ability to allow a communications service provider (CSP) to match the supply of services with demand in an economical way and with consistently high levels of quality and reliability.

To achieve these goals, the design of service fulfillment platforms take into consideration the following:

 Data transparency Making data available across the enterprise, regardless of source, while keeping it accurate
 Process mechanization/automation Completing more processes quicker and more successfully for better business performance
 Inventory management Understanding the status of inventory to ensure supply will be available to meet forecast (or actual) demand
 Asset monetization Driving enterprise valuation with the efficient use of assets

Processes 

The supply chain activities in service fulfillment involve the following processes:

 Service design and cataloging
 Integrated inventory management
 Network configuration and capacity assignment
 Service order entry, decomposition, workflow tracking and fallout resolution
 Service order activation

Subscriber expectations 

Keeping up with increasing subscriber expectations in today's market is not the exclusive domain of service assurance. Service fulfillment plays a critical role as well in ensuring a "first time right" customer experience.

Customer satisfaction in the telecommunications industry stems from adequate service provisioning, value for money, loyalty and relationship management. An efficient service fulfillment platform automates service order processing to gain speed via flow-through capabilities and to reduce the service order fallout that results from manual processes. This is being recognized by CSPs as they increasingly look to their suppliers for help in achieving higher levels of automation.

Vendors 

Notable global service fulfillment vendors include Netcracker Technology, Comarch, Cisco, Telcordia (now part of Ericsson), TIBCO, Alcatel-Lucent (now part of Nokia), Amdocs, Oracle, Comptel  (now part of Nokia), HP, Tecnotree, Arkipelago and Ericsson.

See also
Service assurance

References 

Telecommunication services
Klemm Kl 31. 

The Klemm Kl 31 was a touring aircraft, developed in Germany in the early 1930s. It was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with four seats in an enclosed cabin. The fixed, tailskid undercarriage had divided mainwheel units. The fuselage was built from welded steel tube, while the wings were wooden. Some Kl 31s saw service with the Luftwaffe as training and liaison aircraft.

Operators

Luftwaffe

Royal Hungarian Air Force

Specifications

References
 
 
 

1930s German sport aircraft
Klemm aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
Real time policy. Real time policy, in telecommunications, is a technical capability used to implement a wide array of business rules and subscriber preferences. While the genesis of policy was in quality of service (QoS) and congestion control, it has evolved as Communications Service Providers (CSPs) use it to create personalized, user-directed and interactive services and implement business objectives.

Real-time policy enables CSPs to follow the trend of “mass customization” to hyper-tailor services and customer experiences in real time, tailoring news delivery, content screening rules, display preferences, pricing, among other options, to fit every individual preference, requirement, and lifestyle.

Drivers for the roll-out of real-time policy functionality include:
 The ability to differentiate offerings in crowded/competitive markets; 
 The need/desire to boost revenues; and
 The need to reduce churn by increased customer loyalty and service usage.

Examples of real-time policy include:

 User preference policies – Includes parental or corporate controls, content filters, calendaring restrictions, authorized-user lists and spending controls, among others. 
 Targeted promotion/advertisement policies – Policies that guide how and what types of ads are delivered, including number of ads to be sent, content of ads and delivery methods;  
 Content management policies – Policies based on rules around how content is delivered. For instance, content management can be used to protect minors from adult material, restrict business users from unrelated or inappropriate downloads, or simply classify which “persona” or account pays for what content-types; 
 Handoff and network access policies for seamless mobility – Users have control over whether or not their devices will switch amongst various network types, such as WiFi, cellular or microcell, to take advantage of various quality boosts or costs savings; and
 Usage limits/bandwidth policies – CSPs can adjust upload/download speeds, bandwidth consumption based on a subscribers' plan.

Market Adoption 

kajeet utilized real time policy to become one of the first service providers to launch a mobile service aimed at preteens, featuring an array of parental control features. Large CSPs such as T-Mobile have followed suit based on market demand.

Role In Advertising 

Real time policy's role controlling the delivery of interactive advertising is being explored in the TM Forum’s Content Encounter, which aims to make seamless, communications, information and entertainment services a reality.

Expected Market Growth 

Analyst firm Yankee Group has forecasted that the market for real-time network based policy services will grow to more than $700 million by 2010. The top real time charging vendors include Telcordia, Alcatel and Ericsson.

References 

Telecommunication services
Klemm Kl 32. The Klemm Kl 32 was a touring aircraft, developed in Germany in 1932, based on the Klemm Kl 31 as a competitor in the Challenge 1932 touring aircraft competition.

Design and development
Like its predecessor, the KI 32 was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The Kl 32, however, had a smaller cabin (seating three), and a fuselage built from wood rather than metal.

Eight Kl 32s were entered in the competition, seven by German teams and one by a Swiss team. These were powered by a variety of engines, including the Bramo Sh 14, Argus As 8, de Havilland Gipsy, and Hirth HM 150. Notable German pilots included Robert Lusser (who designed the aircraft), Wolf Hirth, and Reinhold Poss.

Hirth won the short takeoff trial in his Kl 32, and Poss tied for second place in the overall competition with his. Five of the teams flying Kl 32s finished in the top ten in the "rally over Europe" part of the competition, and five of the top ten scores overall were achieved by teams flying Kl 32s.

A Klemm L32-V (VH-UVE, originally D-2299) was flown by Maude Bonney during her Brisbane to Cape Town flight in 1937, a distance of 29,088 km and the first flight from Australia to South Africa.

Specifications

See also

References

 
 
 

Klemm aircraft
1930s German sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Dirk Gates. Dirk I. Gates (born June 25, 1961 in Fort Wayne, Indiana) is an American businessman, founder and chief executive officer of two companies, Xircom and Xirrus.

Career

In 1983, Gates received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from California State University, Northridge and then completed the MBA program at Pepperdine University in 1990 at the age of 27 while co-founding his first company, Xircom, with fellow entrepreneur Kirk Mathews. Xircom created the industry's first product Ethernet Pocket Adapter  which allowed notebook computers to connect to Ethernet LANs, along with the industry's first Type III PC Card called the RealPort that allowed users to connect Ethernet cables and phone cables directly to the notebook without the use of dongles.

Gates served as Xircom’s president after its launch in November 1988, became chief executive officer in 1991, and in 1995, he became chairman of the company.  In March 2001, after 13 years in operation, Gates negotiated the sale of Xircom to Intel Corporation for US$748 million. Gates served as vice president and general manager of mobile communications at Intel and then went on to co-found Xirrus, a Wi-Fi technology company, in early 2004 with Patrick Parker and Steve DeGennaro.  He served as the Chief Executive Officer of Xirrus until June 2012, at which point he assumed the role of Executive Chairman. Xirrus designs and sells wireless networking equipment called Wi-Fi Arrays based on the IEEE standards 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n.

In 1992, Gates was honored as High Technology Entrepreneur of the Year for the Greater Los Angeles area and in 1994, made Forbes Magazine's Whiz Kid list of the five youngest CEOs of the Best small Companies in America. Dirk appeared on the Dylan Ratigan show on MSNBC in September 2010 and in January 2011, Gates was featured in a Kym McNicholas segment on ForbesTV. He has also given countless speeches and presentations on Wi-Fi including the keynote address at Interop New York 2010. Gates has been a member of the CSUN Foundation Board, has served as Chairman of the Viewpoint School Board of Trustees, and is also a member of the Pepperdine Board of Visitors.
In 1997, Dirk Gates donated $1 million (apiece) of his personal funds to CSUN and Pepperdine University to express his gratitude for the knowledge he acquired during his schooling.

Personal life
Gates is an avid member of the high-power rocketry community, frequently flying large model rockets in California and Nevada. To facilitate his hobby, Gates started a side company, Gates Brothers Rocketry, with his brother, Erik Gates. The duo appeared on several episodes of the popular Discovery Channel TV series MythBusters that involved rocketry, including the pilot episode.

References

Sources
 

1961 births
American technology company founders
California State University, Northridge alumni
Computer hardware engineers
Living people
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Klemm Kl 105. 

The Klemm Kl 105 was a two-seat sport aircraft developed in Germany in 1938. It was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design with fixed, tailskid undercarriage, and side-by-side seating for two within an enclosed cockpit. Construction throughout was of wood, with the fuselage built using a new semi-monocoque technique which Klemm patented. Plans to produce the design in series were abandoned with the outbreak of the Second World War.

Development
In January 1937 Major Werner Junck, chief of the LC II, the technical wing of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium responsible for the development of new aircraft, informed various minor aircraft manufacturers such as Bücker, Fieseler, Gothaer Waggonfabrik, Flugzeugwerke Halle and Klemm that they would not get any contracts for the development of military aircraft. He therefore advised them to concentrate in the development of a Volksflugzeug or a small twin-engined plane. As a result, Klemm developed the Kl 105, while the other companies produced the Fi 253, the Si 202, the Bü 180 and the Go 150.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 

1930s German sport aircraft
Klemm aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Designated Airworthiness Representative. A Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) is a private person designated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration to act on its behalf in the certification of type certificated and amateur-built aircraft for the issuance of airworthiness certificates, special flight permits, import aircraft, export certificates for products and articles, conformity inspections, and field approvals for repair and alterations.  Most DARs have limited and/or certain "functions" authorized by the FAA based on their experience and technical background.  A DAR may charge a fee for their services. Qualifications and policies for appointment of Designated Airworthiness Representatives are established in FAA Order 8100.8.

There are two types of DARs, DAR-F (MIDO) and DAR-T (FSDO): 
 A DAR-F primarily inspects/certifies new aircraft that have never been issued an airworthiness certificate (original certification), subject to Order 8000.95().
 A DAR-T inspects/re-certifies aircraft (recurrent certification), subject to Order 8110.37().

DARs work within their geographic region but may obtain a geographic expansion. However, starting in 2015, some of these expansion requests have been denied due to national policy changes.

The aircraft owner or the owner's agent may either contact a DAR directly or contact the local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) or Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) for assistance.  Consult the Designee Management System to identify a local DAR.

References

External links
Locator Designee Management System : Designee Locator Search
Designated Airworthiness Representative - Maintenance (DAR-T) and Designated Airworthiness Representative - Manufacturing (DAR-F) Database Search
DAR-T Function Authorization Code Description and training requirements.
Federal Aviation Administration - Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR)

Aviation safety
Liffey Service Tunnel. The Liffey Service Tunnel () is a service tunnel for various pipelines in Dublin, Ireland, owned by Dublin City Council.

Project
The tunnel was designed by British company Atkins and constructed by a joint venture of the German contractor Züblin and the Irish contractor Cleary & Doyle of Wexford. Its construction took place from September 2006 until October 2008.

Tunnel design
The tunnel is  long and consists of a single bore of diameter . It was built in pipe-jacking using a Herrenknecht tunnel-boring machine and  -long precast reinforced-concrete pipes. The tunnel leads from the southern edge of the East Link Bridge, underneath the River Liffey towards the North Quay Wall, approximately  west of 3Arena. The drive and reception shafts are respectively  and  deep, leaving the tunnel passing approximately  below the shipping channel of the river.

References

External links
 Project manager's page

Tunnels in the Republic of Ireland
Tunnels completed in 2008
Fafnir (automobile). Fafnir was a German engine and vehicle manufacturer based in Aachen (Prussia). They made a range of cars between 1908 and 1926.

The company was founded in 1894 producing needles. With the growth of the bicycle industry, they started to make wheel spokes. In 1898, the company was registered as "Carl Schwanemeyer, Aachener Stahlwarenfabrik AG".

From 1902 the name "Fafnir" started to be used on the company's products, including a range of motorcycle engines.

Omnimobil and early car production

In 1904, the company started to produce kits, consisting of an engine and associated components, to allow others, particularly bicycle makers, to enter into motor vehicle production. These were sold under the name "Omnimobil". The kit at first was based around a two-cylinder engine rated at 6 Horsepower(HP) with later a larger option with a four-cylinder, 16 HP unit.

Beginning in 1908, finished cars were manufactured with the type "274" with a 1520 cubic centimetre(cc) engine and a maximum speed of  and the type "284" with 2012cc capable of . The engines had overhead inlet and side exhaust valves.

By 1912 six different models were available at prices between 4,100 and 16,000 German Reichsmark(RM).

Early motorcycle production
From 1900, the company produced motorcycle engines in various capacities up to 8h.p. V-twins. From 1903 until 1914 they also produced complete motorcycles.

The 1914 engine production included the following:
 2.5 hp (70mm bore, 80mm stroke) single with ball bearing crankshaft
 3.5 hp (85mm bore, 88mm stroke) single with ball bearing crankshaft
 4.5 hp (86mm bore, 96mm stroke) single
 5-6 hp (70mm bore, 80mm stroke) twin
 Cycle Car engine (85mm bore, 88mm stroke) twin with either air or water cooling

Post World War I cars
In 1919, the company changed its name to Aachener Stahlwarenfabrik Fafnir-AG. The pre war 1924 cc Typ 472 and 2496 cc Typ 384 were re-introduced and a new Typ 471 with 1950 cc engine announced which could be bought with a supercharger.

The Typ "471" proved to be the last car model made and survived in production until 1927.

Motor sport
Fafnir had its own racing team running up to seven cars with drivers including Rudolf Caracciola.
A replica of one of the racing cars has been built in the United Kingdom and competed in number of VSCC events fitted with a WW1 Hall-Scott aero engine.

Closure

Fafnir production methods were very labour-intensive, and with the difficult trading conditions of the 1920s failed to compete with the large manufacturers. Prices were reduced, but losses mounted and with debts of 1.8 million RM the banks forced the company into bankruptcy in 1925 with a resulting closure in 1926.

Fafnir cars

See also
 Aachener

References

External links
 

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
Motorcycle manufacturers of Germany
Companies of Prussia
Manufacturing companies based in Aachen
History of Aachen
Yuri Osipyan. Yuri Andreyevich Osipyan (; February 15, 1931 – September 10, 2008) was a Soviet, Russian-Armenian physicist who worked in the field of solid-state physics.

Osipyan was born in Moscow and graduated from Georgy Kurdyumov's class at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys in 1955. Later, he summarized his interest in science: in late 1950s and 1960s, Osipyan worked on the extended effects of interaction of electrons with solid matter and discovered the effect of optical excitation of plastic properties in semiconductors. Also in 1960s Osipyan released his theory of dislocations in semiconductor crystal structure.

In 1962 Osipyan became a cofounder and director of the Institute of Solid State Physics in Chernogolovka and remained at the head of the Institute until his death. Osipyan was elected full member of Russian Academy of Sciences at the age of 37, and vice-president of the Academy in 1988—2001. He chaired the Departments of Solid State physics at Moscow State University and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

In 1980s Osipyan and his Institute conducted microgravity experiments on board of Mir station. In 2000s Osipyan engaged in the studies of fullerens.

Throughout his lifetime Osipyan chaired numerous academic commissions, conferences and journal boards. From 1990 to 1993 he was president of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). In 2005 he was awarded Lomonosov Gold Medal of the Russian Academy. In an interview the year after, Osipyan summarized his creed in science: "All my life I was mining for experimental data. I am an experimenter, although I was trained in theory. In the Soviet age, creative and (most important) independent work was possible only in science. May I say that my choice was based on a will for freedom and independence."

External links
  Interview with Osipyan. Kvant, 2006 Number 2, pp. 2–3

References

1931 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Russian physicists
21st-century Russian physicists
Scientists from Moscow
Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Foreign members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
National University of Science and Technology MISiS alumni
Presidents of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Armenian physicists
Russian people of Armenian descent
Soviet physicists
Württemberg B and B2. The Württemberg Class B and Class B2 engines were steam locomotives with the Royal Württemberg State Railways (Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen) first built in 1868 by the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen ('Esslingen engineering works') in Esslingen in the former Kingdom of Württemberg in southern Germany. 

The engines had a Crampton boiler, an inside Allan valve gear and, for the first time in Württemberg, a Prüsmann chimney. They were equipped with 2 T 6.5 tenders.

See also
List of DRG locomotives and railbuses
List of Württemberg locomotives and railbuses

References

2-4-0 locomotives
B and B2
Esslingen locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1868
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1B n2 locomotives

Passenger locomotives
Kharma International. Kharma International B.V., usually known as Kharma, is a High-end audio equipment manufacturer producing mainly loudspeakers and cables.

History
The company was founded Oosterum Loudspeaker Systems (O.L.S. Audiotechnology) in 1982 by Charles van Oosterum. 

In 1984 Kharma was the first company to use ceramic material as membrane in their driver units.

After starting international promotion at the C.E.S. in 1997, it expanded sales from the Netherlands to the United States and the Far East.

References

Audio equipment manufacturers of the Netherlands
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Peirson Frank. Sir Thomas Peirson Frank (23 July 1881 – 12 November 1951) was a British civil engineer and surveyor. He is particularly remembered as "the man who saved London from drowning" in the Blitz.

Frank was born in 1881 at Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire, the son of farmer Thomas Peirson Frank and Jane Shepherd. He was elected to the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1937 and was president of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1944. He was elected president of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the November 1945 to November 1946 session.

Frank was chief engineer of the London County Council from 1931 to 1946 and coordinating officer for Road Repairs and Public Utility Services during the period 1939-1945. He was knighted in 1942 for his direction of the repair services that enabled London to carry on in spite of the severest air raids. He is credited with having organised and put to action "rapid response" teams who repaired upwards of a hundred breaches in the Thames wall, thus preventing low-lying areas of London from being flooded, an achievement that, for reasons of protecting "the public's morale," was kept secret during the war.

On 29 October 2014 a commemorative green plaque, funded by the Institution of Civil Engineers, was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of Westminster in his memory. It is located on a section of the Thames embankment wall, close to the Houses of Parliament, one of the most important locations where Frank organised repairs to bomb damage.

References 

British civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
1881 births
1951 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Engineers from Yorkshire
People from Kirkbymoorside