omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
1906 in Denmark. Events from the year 1906 in Denmark.

Incumbents
 Monarch – Christian IX (until 29 January), Frederick VIII
 Prime minister – J. C. Christensen

Events

 30 January  The proclamation of Frederik CIII as King of Denmark.
 12 September – The inventor and aviation pioneer Jacob Christian Ellehammer makes a sustained but tethered flight in his self-built Ellehammer semi-biplane on the small  outside Copenhagen, three years after the world’s first historical flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. The flight distance is 42 meters at an altitude of over 50 centimeters.
 6 November – Ole Olsen founds Nordisk Film in Valby, Copenhagen, making it the oldest continuously operating film studio in the world.

Culture

Music
 11 November  Carl Nielsen's opera Maskarade premieres at the Royal Danish Theatre-

Sports
 5 August  Thorvald Ellegaard wins gold in men's sprint at the 1906 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

Births
 27 February  Søren Kristian Toubro, engineer and  Larsen & Toubro co-founder (died 1982)
 2 October – Arne Sørensen, politician (died 1978)
 10 October – Leo Mathisen, jazz musician and singer (died 1969)
 8 November – H. C. Hansen, politician, former prime minister (died 1960)

Full date unknown
 Aage Thaarup, fashion designer (died 1987)

Deaths

JanuaryMarch
 29 January – Christian IX (born 1818)
 13 February – Albert Gottschalk, painter (born 1866)
 7 March   Oscar Wanscher, surgeon (born 1846)

AprilJune
 12 April – Søren Anton van der Aa Kühle, brewer and businessman (born 1849)
 5 May Andreas Riis Carstensen, painter (born 1844)
 8 June – C. F. E. Horneman, composer (born 1840)

JulySeptember
 28 July – August Jerndorff, painter (born 1846)

OctoberDecember
 29 October – Jacob Heinrich Moresco, businessman (born 1828)

References

External links

 
Denmark
Years of the 20th century in Denmark
1900s in Denmark
Denmark
InterPlane Griffon. The InterPlane Griffon is a single seat, high wing, single engine, pusher configuration, tricycle gear ultralight aircraft, that was produced in kit form from InterPlane Aircraft of Zbraslavice, Czech Republic.

Development
The Griffon was the first design produced by InterPlane when they opened for business in 1992. The Griffon was designed for the requirements of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category, including that category's maximum  empty weight.

The Griffon airframe is constructed from aluminum tubing, with the wings and tail covered with doped aircraft fabric. The wing is supported by a "V" strut and utilizes jury struts. It features a three tube tail that allows the pusher propeller to be located in between the tail booms. Standard features supplied included brakes, electric starting, wheel pants, elevator trim system and a plastic cockpit pod fairing with a windshield. The wings and tail surfaces can be folded for trailering or storage.

Available engines included the  Rotax 447 and the  Rotax 503.

Variants
Griffon
Basic version equipped with  Rotax 447, empty weight .
Griffon EX
Deluxe version equipped with  Rotax 503, empty weight .

Specifications (Griffon EX)

See also

References

Griffon
1990s Czech and Czechoslovak ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Monarch (software). The first version of Monarch was released in 1990 for DOS with 'Monarch for Windows' released in 1994. 

The latest release is version 15. Monarch was originally developed by Math Strategies for Personics Corporation. The software is published by Datawatch Corporation, which was acquired by Altair Engineering in 2018. Over 500,000 copies of Monarch have been licensed, and the software is in use in over 40,000 organizations.

Monarch allows users to re-use information from existing computer reports, such as text, PDF and HTML files. Monarch can also import data from OLE DB/ODBC data sources, spreadsheets and desktop databases.  Users define models that describe the layout of data in the report file, and the software parses the data into a tabular format. The parsed data can be further enhanced with links to external data sources, filters, sorts, calculated fields and summaries. The data can be exported to a variety of formats, primarily spreadsheets.

References

External links 
 Datawatch: Monarch homepage
 Monarch User Forums
 Report Mining

Data analysis software
Trophic level index. The trophic level index (TLI) is used in New Zealand as a measure of nutrient status of lakes. It is similar to the trophic state index but was proposed as alternative that suited New Zealand.

The system uses four criteria, phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, as well as visual clarity and algal biomass weighted equally.

See also
Water pollution in New Zealand
Lakes of New Zealand
Environment of New Zealand

External links
New Zealand Ministry for the Environment - Trophic Level Index for lakes
Definitions of the 5 trophic states - Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, Eutrophic, Supertrophic and Hypertrophic lakes

References

Water in New Zealand
Water pollution
OrthoCAD Network Research Cell. OrthoCAD Network Research Cell is a federally funded research and development facility in the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), Mumbai, India. The Laboratory's primary function is the design and development of reconstruction systems for orthopaedic and other applications, the current focus is on mega-implants for limb-saving surgery, mainly for children affected by bone cancer. The Cell later led to the establishment of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (incubation) Centre (BETiC).

Mission
The mission of the OrthoCAD group is to develop indigenous research and development capabilities on medical implants, surgical instruments (Armamentarium), testing protocol, and surgery planning and navigation system. This is expected to respond to the growing medical needs of Indian patients, to provide affordable and available devices, and to train graduates as well as research scientists in the area of Biomedical engineering and manufacturing.

Research partners
The OrthoCAD Network Research Cell was established in January 2007 in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at IIT Bombay. It is supported by the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, New Delhi. In 2017, a follow-on funding was released by the Office to NFTDC for pilot production and human clinical trials.

The R&D team comprises mechanical engineers, orthopaedic surgeons and materials scientists from

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai (Prof. Bhallamudi Ravi)
Non Ferrous Technology Development Centre, Hyderabad (Dr. K. Balasubramanian)
Tata Memorial Hospital and P.D. Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai (Dr. Manish Agarwal)

Facilities
The Centers at IIT Bombay and NFTDC together have appropriate equipment and instrumentation, including computing facilities.

 Rapid prototyping system for feasibility studies 
 Knee simulator and testing machine for loosening and fatigue studies
 Computerized Universal Testing Machine for static testing of implants
 Stereo optical microscope for analyzing wear and fracture of implants
 Photoelasticity test setup for FEM (virtual testing of implants) validation  
 Analytical balance (implant wear particle study)
 Surgery navigation system for linking with a 3D planning software
 Medical modelling system for CT to 3D model conversion and surgery planning 
 Haptic system for mock surgery 
 High-end computing facilities for CAD and FEM analysis 
Precision CNC manufacturing

Collaboration
The OrthoCAD group is collaborating with other similar groups in India and abroad  in specific area of mutual interest.

References

IIT Bombay
Research institutes in Mumbai
Medical research institutes in India
Research institutes established in 2007
2007 establishments in Maharashtra
Mubarraz-class fast attack craft. The Mubarraz class is a class of two fast attack craft built for the United Arab Emirates Navy in the late 1980s and commissioned in 1990. They have four MM 40 Exocet anti-ship missiles, a Sadral SAM launcher and a 76mm gun. As of 2013 both vessels remain in service.

Units

 P141 Mubarraz
 P142 Makasib

Ships of the United Arab Emirates Navy
Tao ExDOS. Tao ExDOS is an emulator software application designed to allow users of old MS-DOS applications to run these applications on new operating systems such as Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows Terminal Server.

Features
Tao ExDOS enables users of DOS applications to work with these applications on new operating systems. Using the built-in Virtual 8086 mode of the x86 CPU, Tao ExDOS enables DOS and 16-bit Windows applications (that run under DOS) to run effectively in 32-bit Windows desktop environments, including Windows 10/8/7/Vista/XP/2000 and Windows Terminal Server 2003/2008. Support for 64-bit systems is available on Windows 7 via the Virtual XP Mode, which can be downloaded for free from Microsoft for Windows 7 Professional, Ultimate and Enterprise versions.

Additional modules allow the DOS users to print to printers connected to USB ports, network printers, fax printers, PDF, Microsoft Word, HTML and image files.

See also
 DOSBox

References

External links
Tao Software Development Company website
Tao ExDOS product page
PC Magazine Encyclopedia article 
Tao ExDOS on CNET Download.com
Tao ExDOS on Tucows Downloads

Emulation software
DOS emulators
Arias intensity. The Arias intensity (IA) is a measure of the strength of a ground motion. It determines the intensity of shaking by measuring the acceleration of transient seismic waves. It has been found to be a fairly reliable parameter to describe earthquake shaking necessary to trigger landslides. It was proposed by Chilean engineer Arturo Arias in 1970.

It is defined as the time-integral of the square of the ground acceleration:

  (m/s)

where g is the acceleration due to gravity and Td is the duration of signal above threshold. Theoretically the integral should be infinite.

The Arias Intensity could also alternatively be defined as the sum of all the squared acceleration values from seismic strong motion records.

References

Seismology
Bow and warp of semiconductor wafers and substrates. Bow and warp of semiconductor wafers and substrates are measures of the flatness of wafers.

Definitions
Bow is the deviation of the center point of the median surface of a free, un-clamped wafer from the reference plane, where the reference plane is defined by . This definition is based on now obsolete ASTM F534.

Warp is the difference between the maximum and the minimum distances of the median surface of a free, un-clamped wafer from the reference plane defined above.  This definition follows  ASTM F657, and ASTM F1390.

Modifications
The above definitions were developed for capacitance wafer thickness gauges such as ADE 9500, and later adopted by optical gauges.

Even though these standards are currently obsolete. They were withdrawn without replacement but are still widely used for characterization of semiconductor wafers, metal and glass substrates for MEMS devices, solar cells, and many other applications.

References

Semiconductor device fabrication
HP (car). The HP was a British three-wheeled cyclecar made from 1926 until 1928 by Hilton-Peacey (possibly Pacey) Motors of Woking, Surrey.

Most cars used an air-cooled 500 cc single-cylinder JAP engine but one had a larger 600 cc version and another two 500 cc Dunelt 2 strokes and three 500 cc Vulpine overhead valve engines. The drive was by chain to a Sturmey-Archer three-speed transmission and then a further long chain to the single rear wheel. Several of the components including front axles were bought from the Blériot-Whippet company which had closed down. Hilton-Peacey Motors also offered to supply spares to Blériot-Whippet owners.

The body was made largely of plywood covered in fabric. The chassis was made of laminated ash and the front axle was carried on quarter elliptic leaf springs. To simplify the transmission the back wheel was unsprung.

Four people were employed including Hilton Skinner and Bob Peacey and about 40 cars were made. They sold for £65.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References 

Cyclecars
Cars introduced in 1926
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Defunct companies based in Surrey
Cars discontinued in 1928
HMS Sandfly (1911). HMS Sandfly was an Acheron-class destroyer of the Royal Navy that served during World War I and was sold for breaking in 1921.  She was the seventh Royal Navy ship to be named after the small biting fly of the same name.

Construction
She was built under the 1910-11 shipbuilding programme by Swan Hunter of Wallsend. She had three Parsons turbines, and three Yarrows boilers. Capable of 28 knots, she carried two 4-inch guns, other smaller guns and two 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes and had a complement of 72 men. She was launched on 9 July 1911.

Pennant numbers

Career

Pre-war
Sandfly served with the First Destroyer Flotilla from 1911 and, with her flotilla, joined the British Grand Fleet in 1914 on the outbreak of World War I.

The Battle of Heligoland Bight
She was present on 28 August 1914 at the Battle of Heligoland Bight, detached from the First Destroyer Flotilla along with Badger, Beaver and Jackal. She shared in the prize money for the engagement.

The Battle of Dogger Bank
On 24 January 1915, the First Destroyer Flotilla, including Sandfly, were present at the Battle of Dogger Bank, led by the light cruiser . Her crew shared in the prize money for the German armoured cruiser .

Transfer to Third Battle Squadron
Sandfly was one of seven destroyers to go with the First Destroyer Flotilla when it was transferred from the Grand Fleet to screen the Third Battle Squadron in November 1916.

Conversion to minelayer

In 1917 the Acheron-class destroyers Ferret, Sandfly and Ariel were converted to minelaying destroyers, capable of carrying 40 mines.  Sandfly served with the 20th Flotilla, and operated out of Immingham.

SS Miniota
On 31 August 1917 Sandfly went to the aid of   of the Canadian Pacific Line when she was torpedoed by   off Start Point. Miniota was badly holed and sinking by the bow, which made her difficult to tow, and when efforts to tow her into Portland Harbour failed, she sank in  of water.

Disposal
In common with the survivors of her class, she was laid up after World War I, and on 9 May 1921 she was sold to Thos. W. Ward for scrap.

References

Acheron-class destroyers
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Tyne
1911 ships
Ships built by Swan Hunter
Newsqueak. Newsqueak is a concurrent programming language for writing application software with interactive graphical user interfaces.

Newsqueak's syntax and semantics are influenced by the C language, but its approach to concurrency was inspired by C. A. R. Hoare's communicating sequential processes (CSP). However, in Newsqueak, channels are first-class objects, with dynamic process creation and dynamic channel creation.

Newsqueak was developed from an earlier, smaller, language, called Squeak (not to be confused with the Smalltalk implementation Squeak). It was developed by Luca Cardelli and Rob Pike at Bell Labs in the first half of the 1980s as a language for implementing graphical user interfaces. Both languages were presented as "a language for communicating with mice": their main aim was to model the concurrent nature of programs interacting with multiple input devices, viz., keyboards and mice.

Newsqueak is an interpreted language. The name of the interpreter is squint. The UNIX port of squint is available under a FOSS license.

The ideas present in Newsqueak were further developed in the programming languages Alef, Limbo, and Go.

See also 

 Inferno (operating system)
 Plan 9 from Bell Labs

References

External links 

 Bell Labs and CSP Threads
 Advanced Topics in Programming Languages: Concurrency/message passing Newsqueak

C programming language family
Concurrent programming languages
InterPlane Skyboy. The InterPlane Skyboy is a two-seat, side-by-side, high wing, single engine, pusher configuration ultralight aircraft that was manufactured as a completed aircraft by InterPlane Aircraft of Zbraslavice, Czech Republic.

Design and development

The Skyboy was designed in 1992 specifically for the German market as a trainer. It was adapted for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category for use as a two-seat trainer under the FAR 103 trainer exemption. It later became available as a US light-sport aircraft. The aircraft is available in Canada as an Advanced Ultralight Aeroplane.

The Skyboy wing is built from aluminum extrusions for the spars and wing ribs and covered with doped aircraft fabric. The wing's leading edge is Mylar covered in fabric, to increase stiffness. The wing is supported by "V" struts and utilizes jury struts. The fuselage is built upon an aluminum main tube that runs from the tail right to the rudder pedals. The wings and horizontal tail surfaces can be folded for trailering or storage. The cabin is constructed from two fibreglass shells, joined together. The rear of the cabin is covered in aircraft fabric. The optional cabin doors open upwards.

Controls are conventional three-axis. The control stick is a centrally mounted "Y" stick, between the two seats that can be used from either seat.

The Skyboy has a distinctive main landing gear, consisting of a trailing idler link, with suspension consisting of a coil spring mounted over a shock absorber. The company describes the main landing gear: "one of the best landing gears in the market (makes bad landings look good)".

The available engines include the  Rotax 582,  Rotax 912,  Rotax 912S and the  Jabiru 2200. The  Rotax 503 was available at the beginning of production, but did not provide adequate performance.

The Skyboy has never been available as a kit aircraft, but only as a factory-complete, ready-to-fly product. Labour wage levels in the Czech Republic have meant that its price has been generally similar to buying unassembled kits for North American buyers. In 2008 the completed Skyboy base model sold for about US$60,000.

Operational history
Aside from its flight training and recreational aircraft roles, the Skyboy has been employed in South Africa for surveillance duties, in Australia for professional aerial photography and in Mexico for tourist sightseeing flights.

Variants
Skyboy UL
To stay below the exemption's  empty weight limit the aircraft was marketed without cabin doors, wheel pants and hydraulic brakes, using mechanical brakes instead and with a  gross weight. The initial engine was the  Rotax 503 and later the  Rotax 582.
Skyboy S
Higher  gross weight version for Europe and Canada, with the  Rotax 582 or larger engines.
Skyboy ZK
 gross weight version, with the  Rotax 582 engine.

Specifications (Skyboy S)

See also

Bibliography

Notes

References

 - Total pages: 432 
 - Total pages: 310

External links

Skyboy
1990s Czech and Czechoslovak ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1992
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
F39. F39 may refer to:

 Avia F.39, a bomber aircraft of the Czechoslovakian Air Force
 BMW X2 (F39), an automobile
 , a Brahmaputra-class guided missile frigate of the Indian Navy
 , a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy
 F-39, Brazilian designation for the Saab JAS 39 Gripen
 F39, an Egyptian hieroglyph
Jason W. Fleischer. Jason W. Fleischer is an American electrical engineer, an associate professor of electrical engineering at Princeton University. Fleischer received his Ph.D. in 1999, from the University of California, San Diego. His research is in the area of nonlinear optics, including the use of light to model superfluids and the recovery of images from scenes obscured by translucent materials.
In 2007, a team of researchers led by him noted that light waves passing through nonlinear crystals and superfluids have comparable qualities: The collective motion of superfluid particles looks like the coherent waves in laser light. In the January issue of Nature Physics, his team reported that this well-known, but little appreciated, similarity allowed easier and improved observations of superfluid-like and related dispersive phenomena.

References

External links
Home page at Princeton.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American electrical engineers
American optical engineers
University of California, San Diego alumni
Princeton University faculty
Engineers from California
Hanning Elektro-Werke. Hanning Elektro-Werke GmbH und Co. KG, (limited partnership with a limited liability company as general partner) a German family-owned company, was founded in 1947 by Robert Hanning and is part of the international production network. It employs around 1,500 people worldwide.

Company history 

The company was established in 1947 by Robert Hanning under the name ’Elektrobau Hanning GmbH’ in Lipperreihe near Bielefeld (Germany). In 1977 the company name was changed to ’HANNING ELEKTRO-WERKE GmbH & Co. KG’. Due to HANNINGs' stable and economic growth, the factory as well as the storage in Oerlinghausen was expanded in 1980. After the German reunification the company then established itself in 1992 in Eggesin, as the largest employer of the city. The HANNING production network, to which HANNING ELEKTRO-WERKE belongs, comprises around 1,500 employees at four locations in Germany (Oerlinghausen and Eggesin), Romania and India. In addition, there are sales partners on all continents.

Products

Products of the market division Industrial Applications 
Customized synchronous/asynchronous motor systems, electronically controlled drives, encapsulated synchronous/asynchronous drives, synchronous/asynchronous drives with housing, frameless drives, customized inverter systems, encapsulated frequency inverters, inverters with housing, frameless frequency inverters and more
Customized pump systems, electronically controlled pumps, encapsulated pumps, pumps with housed or frameless motors and more

Products of the market division Appliance Applications  
Customized pump systems, electronically controlled pumps, encapsulated pumps, pumps with housed or frameless motors, customized synchronous/asynchronous fan systems, electronically controlled fan drives, encapsulated synchronous/asynchronous fan drives, synchronous/asynchronous fan drives with housing, frameless fan drives and more

Products of the market division Linear Actuators  
Customized linear actuator systems, electronically controlled linear actuators, encapsulated linear actuators, linear actuators with housing, frameless linear actuators, lifting columns and more
Customized synchronous/asynchronous motor systems, electronically controlled drives, encapsulated synchronous/asynchronous drives, synchronous/asynchronous drives with housing, frameless drives and more

Certification 
 DIN EN ISO 9001 
 DIN EN ISO 14001

External links
 Website of the company (https://www.hanning-hew.com)

References

Manufacturing companies of Germany