omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Fume extractor (soldering). A fume extractor is a device used to filter aerosolized chemical byproducts of the soldering process. These devices take many forms depending on the project size and application, from small ductwork to entire fume hoods. Solder itself, which is generally composed of low melting temperature metals and adjunctives, as well as the various components used during the act of soldering, including flux, rosin, and the various coatings found on solderable materials, like Polytetrafluoroethylene together present a substantial occupational health hazard. The goal of a fume extractor is to move these environmental pollutants away from the user and other occupants of the room as quickly and efficaciously as possible so as to stay within the safe exposure limits of the various substances present, and reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes like metal fume fever, polymer fume fever, occupational asthma, and allergic reaction.

Operation 

A fume extractor can be a fume hood, but can also be a different type of device. Most machines seen consist of some kind of fan that draws air in, and a filter or other to trap the chemicals. While simple, it is often effective at preventing harm to the worker. Quality can range from improvised setups of table fans and residential air filters to industrial machines that filter air out through the buildings ventilation system.

See also 
 Dust collection system
 Dust collector
 LEV

References 

Soldering
Charles A. Stone. Charles Augustus Stone (1867-1941) was an early electrical engineer and graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He co-founded Stone & Webster with his friend Edwin S. Webster, and was chairman of the company for many years.

Stone & Webster built their business from a base at Stoughton, Massachusetts into a multi-faceted engineering services company that provided engineering, construction, environmental, and plant operation and maintenance services. They became involved with power generation projects, starting with hydroelectric plants of the late 19th-century that led to building and operating electric streetcar systems in a number of cities across the United States. As well as industrial plants, they built the 50-storey General Electric building in New York City, the Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh, a landmark now listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as well as buildings for Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Stone & Webster was the prime contractor for the electromagnetic separation plant for the Manhattan Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

References 

1867 births
1941 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American electrical engineers
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
People from Newton, Massachusetts
Manhattan Project people
Malliga 1. The Malliga 1 human powered aircraft was the project of Horst Josef Malliga. It is thought that it was the first successful Continental European human-powered aircraft.

Design work began in August 1966, with the first flight taking place in September 1967. The aircraft was a low-wing monoplane, with a pod and boom configuration. The pilot sat in a recumbent position, and powered a two bladed pusher propeller, located behind a streamlined nacelle.  Twin booms supported twin fins, with an all-flying tailplane located between them. Constructed from aluminium tubing and polystyrene, with plastic film covering.

The Malliga 1 had a constant-chord wingplan, and spanned 20.00 m (65 ft 7in). As originally designed, the tailfins did not incorporate rudders, and directional control was made via two fins located outboard and underneath the wing. Lateral control was obtained by wingtip ailerons. With this configuration, and under human-power alone, flights of up to 150 m (487.50 ft) were made.  Directional control proved inadequate, and the tailfin area was increased, with rudders being incorporated.  Subsequent flights were tow-launched, up to 10 m (32.50 ft) altitude, achieving distances of up to 400 m (1,300 ft).

During 1971–72, the craft was modified, with this iteration being known as the Malliga 2.

Specifications (Malliga 1)

See also
SUMPAC
HMPAC Puffin
List of human-powered aircraft

References

Human-powered aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1967
Pusher aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1960s Austrian civil aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Li Zhao. Li Zhao (; 3 February 1940 – 24 January 2023) was a Chinese engineer in the fields of mine blasting, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

He was a representative of the 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

Biography
Li was born in Wuji County, Hebei, on 3 February 1940, to Li Guanying (), a textile expert, and Xue Hua (), a housewife. He attended , and graduated from Harbin Military Academy of Engineering (now National University of Defense Technology) and the . 

After university in 1964, Li was despatched to the People's Liberation Army General Armaments Department, where he was promoted to major general (shaojiang) in 1994.

On 24 January 2023, he died at the age of 82.

Honours and awards
 1985 State Science and Technology Progress Award (First Class)
 1999 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1940 births
2023 deaths
People from Shijiazhuang
Engineers from Hebei
National University of Defense Technology alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
ImHex. ImHex is a free cross-platform hex editor available on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

ImHex is used by programmers and reverse engineers to view and analyze binary data.

History 
The initial release of the project in November 2020, saw significant interest on GitHub.

Features 
Features include:

 Hex editor
 Custom pattern matching and analysis scripting language
 Visual, node based data pre-processor
 Disassembler
 Running and visualizing of YARA rules
 Bookmarks
 Binary data diffing
 Additional Tools
 MSVC, Itanium, D and Rust name demangler
 ASCII table
 Calculator
 Base converter
 File utilities
 IEEE 754 floating point decoder
 Division by invariant multiplication calculator

Support for:
 Data importing and exporting
 ASCII string, Unicode string, numeric, hexadecimal and regular expressions search
 Byte manipulation
 File hashing
 Plug-ins

See also 
 Comparison of hex editors
 Reverse engineering

References

External links 
 

2020 software
Hex editors
Programming tools
Hu Guangzhen. Hu Guangzhen (; 26 August 1927 – 23 January 2023) was a Chinese electronic engineer, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Hu was born in Songjiang County (now Shanghai), Jiangsu, on 26 August 1927, and graduated from Jiaotong University in 1948. In November 1949, he became a technician of Tianjin Factory of Civil Aviation Administration of the Central Military Commission, and worked until July 1952. In August 1952, he was transferred to the People's Liberation Army General Staff Department, where he was promoted to engineer in December 1956 and to chief engineer in December 1980.

On 23 January 2023, he died at the age of 95.

Honours and awards
 1996 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special)
 1997 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
 2001 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special)

References

1927 births
2023 deaths
Engineers from Shanghai
National Chiao Tung University (Shanghai) alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Wasseralfingen station. Wasseralfingen station is a railway station on the Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt–Nördlingen railway in the city of Aalen, located in the Ostalbkreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The train services are operated by Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg and Go-Ahead Bayern.

The local ironworks, in operation since 1671, had been one of the primary reasons to build the first railway in the region. The Aalen–Wasseralfingen section of the Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt–Aalen railway was opened in 1861. The extension to Nördlingen followed in 1863. The ironworks still exist as a company (SHW), but are now mostly an automotive supplier and do not use the railway any more.

References 

Railway stations in Baden-Württemberg
Buildings and structures in Ostalbkreis
Metropolexpress. The Metropolexpress, abbreviated MEX, is a train type introduced in June 2021 for local rail passenger transport in Baden-Württemberg.

Concept
The aim of the concept is to serve the main lines in the Stuttgart Metropolitan Region between Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof and the surrounding rural and urban districts outside the Stuttgart S-Bahn area at a dense frequency. This is to be done on weekdays between 5 AM and 0 AM every 30 minutes. In addition, an hourly night service will be introduced on weekends between 0 AM and 5AM. As in the case of the former Stadt-Express, MEX trains will stop at all stations outside the S-Bahn area, but only at important interchanges with the S-Bahn and city services.

Lines and history
On behalf of the responsible Public Transport Authority, the Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg (NVBW), the following connections are offered, all of which are linked in Stuttgart:

Within the core area designated as MEX routes, trains run every half hour. On the Stuttgart-Murrhardt section, the half-hourly interval is created by overlapping the hourly MEX 19, the two-hourly MEX 90 and the two-hourly RE 90 (Stuttgart-Nürnberg). On the Tübingen-Heilbronn section, the half-hourly interval is created by overlapping the hourly MEX 12 and the hourly MEX 18.

Before the renaming to MEX, the lines, with the exception of MEX 14, were for the most part already served by Regionalbahn (RB) or Regional-Express (RE) trains every half hour under the same or similar line number. In order not to break existing lines, lines that partly also run outside the Metropolexpress core area are also called MEX there, although they run there at thinner intervals.

In the context of the Reactivation of the Black Forest Railway, a Metropolexpress between Stuttgart and Calw is also under discussion, but its implementation is not included in the concept of the Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg.

As part of the negotiations between the federal state and the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, in addition to the electrification of the Ringzug network, the establishment of a Metropolexpress Villingen-Stuttgart connection via the previously non-electrified Rottweil-Villingen railway was agreed.

References

Passenger rail transport in Germany
Regional rail in Germany
Marianne Bigum. Marianne Bigum (born 10 April 1983) is a Danish politician and member of the Folketing, the national legislature. A member of the Green Left party, she has represented North Zealand since November 2022.

Bigum was born on 10 April 1983. She is daughter of butcher Tommy Bigum. She studied at Rungsted Skole (1995-1999) and Helsingør Gymnasium. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry (2007), a Master of Science degree in environmental engineering (2009) and a Doctor of Philosophy degree (2014) from the Technical University of Denmark. She was a consultant on Copenhagen Municipality's Plastic Zero project (2013-2014), technical specialist at the Environmental Protection Agency (Miljøstyrelsen) (2014-2018) and senior consultant at Ramboll (2018-2021). She was a team leader and expert on circular economy at the Asian Development Bank from 2020 to 2022. Se was a member of the municipal council in Rudersdal Municipality from 2009 to 2012.

Bigum's partner is Jacob Kragh Andersen and she has three children.

References

External links

1983 births
21st-century Danish women politicians
Danish municipal councillors
Living people
Members of the Folketing 2022–2026
Socialist People's Party (Denmark) politicians
Technical University of Denmark alumni
Women members of the Folketing
Dirk Englund. Dirk Robert Englund is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is known for his research in quantum photonics and optical computing.

Biography and education
Dirk Robert Englund grew up in Germany and California. He attended the California Institute of Technology, where he majored in physics and received his B.S. in 2002. After spending one year at the Technical University of Eindhoven on a Fulbright scholarship, he returned to the United States to earn his M.S. in electrical engineering and Ph.D. in applied physics from Stanford University in 2008 under the supervision of Jelena Vuckovic. He then completed postdoctoral research in the group of Mikhail Lukin at Harvard University. Dirk Englund is the son of American Assyriologist, Robert Keith Englund.

Career and research

From 2010 to 2013, Englund was an Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering and of Applied Physics at Columbia University. In 2013, he moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is currently an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Englund’s research focuses on photonic devices and systems for quantum information technologies and machine learning acceleration. He has contributed to a wide range of topics in photonics including quantum dot light emission in photonic crystals, solid-state quantum memories in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond,  graphene integration for photodetectors, optical accelerators for machine learning, and programmable photonic circuits for cryogenic environments.  In 2022, he and his team demonstrated power-efficient neural network inference on network edge devices using a fiber optic link and telecommunication components.

His work has led to several spin-off companies: DUST Identity is developing diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers for authentication; Lightmatter is developing photonic computing platforms; QuEra Computing is building quantum computers using neutral atoms; and Quantum Network Technologies is developing quantum repeaters for networks.

Awards

Englund has received numerous awards in recognition of his research, including a Humboldt Professorship, the Optica Adolph Lomb Medal, and an IBM Faculty Award. He is an Optica Fellow.

References 

German physicists
German engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Allison Hubel. Allison Hubel is an American mechanical engineer and cryobiologist who applies her expertise in heat transfer to study the cryopreservation of biological tissue. She is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Minnesota, where she directs the Biopreservation Core Resource and the Technological Leadership Institute, and is the president of the Society for Cryobiology from 2023 to 2024.

Education and career
Hubel majored in mechanical engineering at Iowa State University, graduating in 1983. She continued her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she earned a master's degree in 1989 and completed her Ph.D. in the same year.

She worked as a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1989 to 1990, and as an instructor at MIT from 1990 to 1993, before moving to the University of Minnesota in 1993 as a research associate in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. In 1996 she became an assistant professor in that department, and in 2002 she moved to the Department of Mechanical Engineering as an associate professor. She was promoted to full professor in 2009, and became director of the Biopreservation Core Resource in 2010.

With two of her students, she founded a spinoff company, BlueCube Bio (later renamed Evia Bio) to commercialize their technology for preserving cells in cell therapy. She continues to serve as chief scientific officer for Evia Bio.

She became president-elect of the Society for Cryobiology for the 2022–2023 term, and will become president in the subsequent term.

Book
Hubel is the author of the book Preservation of Cells: A Practical Manual (Wiley, 2017).

Recognition
Hubel was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2008, and a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2012. She was named a Cryofellow of the Society for Cryobiology in 2021.

References

External links
Academic home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
American biologists
American women biologists
Cryobiology
Iowa State University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Emilia Entcheva. Emilia Entcheva () is a Bulgarian–American engineer who is a professor of biomedical engineering at George Washington University. She serves as Director of the Cardiac Optogenetics and Optical Imaging Laboratory. She is a Fellow of the Heart Rhythm Society and the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Early life and education 
Entcheva studied electrical engineering at the Technical University, Sofia. She moved to the United States for graduate studies, joining the University of Memphis for a doctorate in biomedical engineering. Specifically, her work looked to understand how heart's fiber structure influences responses to external electric fields through bidomain finite element modeling. She conducted her postdoctoral work at Johns Hopkins University developing fast optical mapping techniques for imaging excitation waves, that led to some of the first documentations of cardiac arrhythmias in a dish and their termination by electric fields.

Research and career 
In the early 2000s, Entcheva started her research group at Stony Brook University. She worked on cardiac cell and tissue engineering, optical mapping of arrhythmias, biomaterials, systems biology and computational strategies for describing complex biological processes. In 2007, she started working on optogenetics: a strategy to control biological processes using light. She was among the first scientists to extend the applications of optogenetics to the heart for scalable drug testing platforms and for control of cardiac waves.

Entcheva moved to the Department of Biomedical Engineering at George Washington University in 2016. Her group continues to leverage cardiac optogenetics, optical mapping, human stem cell technology and gene modulation techniques to develop high-throughput testing platforms for drug screening and personalized medicine. These all-optical electrophysiology methods are scalable contactless means for comprehensive assessment of responses to drugs in heart cells and neurons; they are particularly useful in pre-clinical cardiotoxicity testing using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs).

In 2016, Entcheva was inducted into the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.

Selected publications

References 

Living people
University of Memphis alumni
Technical University, Sofia alumni
Bulgarian emigrants to the United States
21st-century American women engineers
Biomedical engineers
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
George Washington University faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
20th-century American women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scorpion ZS-256. The Scorpion ZS-256 was a very widespread ZX Spectrum clone produced in St. Petersburg by Sergey Zonov (same person behind the "Leningrad" clone). 

Introduced in 1991, it was fitted with a Zilog Z80B processor, a  AY-3-8910 sound chip, whilst RAM memory options ranged from 256 to 1024 KB.

The computer was usually assembled in a mini tower configuration with a standard IBM power supply, allowing the connection of peripherals, drives, etc. Various expansions were produced, including  – an adapter for IDE and ISA slots, which allowed the use of IBM PC compatible hard drives and expansion cards.

The Shadow Service Monitor (debugger) in the BASIC ROM was activated by pressing the Magic Button (NMI). There was also the option of fitting the machine with a ProfROM which included such software as a clock, hard disk utilities, and the ZX-Word text editor. The computer can work with TR-DOS, CP/M and iS-DOS systems.

In 1996, the Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo+ version was introduced, featuring a "turbo" mode (7 MHz instead of the original's 3.50 MHz), IDE Controller, CMOS, interrupt controller, ISA8 slot, as part of the SMUC expansion card., expansion board 101-key PC type keyboard, 3.5" floppy disk drive and a XTR modem (allowing access to ZX Net and FidoNet).

Extension kit Scorpion GMX (Graphic Memory eXpander) for Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo+, comes with 2MB of RAM and can emulate other clones like the Pentagon 128. It has new graphics modes: 640 x 200 with 16 colors; 80x25 character text mode.

Production of Spectrum-compatible computers ceased in 1998, with the Scorpion company focusing on the sale of IBM PC-compatibles and office equipment.

Versions 

 Scorpion ZS-256 (1991)
 Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo+ (1996)
 Extension kit Scorpion GMX for Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo+ (1998)

Upgrades from the original ZX Spectrum 48/128K 

 RAM 256 KB (GMX kit 2 MB)
 ROM 64 KB (GMX kit 512 KB);
 Additional GMX video modes: 640 x 200 with 16 colors; 80 x 25 character text mode.
 IDE Controller, CMOS, interrupt controller, ISA8 slot, as part of the SMUC expansion card.
 "Turbo Mode" that clocks the CPU up to 7 MHz
 Shadow Service Monitor (debugger) in ROM
 AY8910/12 sound chip
 Built-in printer interface (Centronics and RS232C);
 Expansion board IBM PC keyboard and mouse controller
 TR-DOS, CP/M and iS-DOS systems
 Built-in XTR modem (ZX Net, FidoNet)

References 

ZX Spectrum clones
Computer-related introductions in 1991
Materials Research Bulletin. Materials Research Bulletin is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that covers the study of materials science and engineering. The journal is published by Elsevier and was established in 1966. The Editor-in-Chief is Rick Ubic.

The journal focuses on the development and understanding of materials, including their properties, structure, and processing, and the application of these materials in various fields. The scope of the journal includes the following areas: ceramics, metals, polymers, composites, electronic and optical materials, and biomaterials.

Materials Research Bulletin features original research articles, review articles, and short communications.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed for example in:

 Materials Science Citation Index
 Chemical Abstracts
 Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
 Scopus
 Web of Science

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 5.6.

References

External links 

 

Materials
English-language journals
Elsevier academic journals
Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 1966