omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SV Estelle. SV Estelle is a fair trade cargo Bermuda schooner, currently the biggest sail ship in Finnish register. She was built in Emden, Germany in 1922 as a 42-meter (137.8 feet), steel-hulled ship for trawl-fishing in the Baltic Sea. Estelles hometown is Turku. She was long owned by Eestaas and operated by Uusi Tuuli. Now she belongs to a "Ship to Gaza" company Northern Breeze AB, registered in Turku, Finland.
 
Estelle was previously maintained by volunteers who had the desire to sail to Africa to export assistance supplies and bring back fair trade goods and operate according to the ideals of Fair Trade. She made her first trip to Africa in 2002, before which she also visited the Mediterranean Sea, Ireland and some harbors of Northern Europe. In addition, many of the ship's crew have been trained while sailing in the Baltic Sea.

After her trip to Angola, Estelle has mainly sailed in the Baltic Sea, participated in the Tall Ships Race of 2003, and collaborated with Greenpeace on research and campaign work. Estelle is also constantly training new crew members since it is open to practically any one.

Estelles operations are primarily based on volunteers. Operations strive for environmental sustainability, solidarity and global equality. Since 2003, Prometheus camps have been organized on Estelle every summer as a non-religious alternative to confirmation camp. During the camp the boat tours around the archipelago near Turku.

Estelle joined Sail Training International's (STI) Class A Forum as a member during the spring of 2005. The forum is intended for training the crews of the world's largest sailboats, improving operations and other related development.

On 27 April 2010, Estelle board member Jyri Jaakkola was killed by paramilitaries in Mexico.

In 2012, Estelle was sold to Swedish interests for an attempt to break the Gaza blockade.

Gaza mission 

Estelle departed for the Gaza Strip to try to break Israel's maritime blockade in the summer of 2012. "We are sailing with peaceful intentions," a crew member said. Estelle is Swedish-owned, but Finnish-flagged ship. According to the Ship to Gaza organization, there are also eleven Swedes, two Finns, five Greeks, four Norwegians, three Israelis, three Spanish citizens, one Canadian and one Italian aboard.

On October 20, 2012 the Israeli military seized the vessel without incident and took it to the port of Ashdod. In August 2013 the state of Israel filed a petition to confiscate the vessel. In August 2016, the Israeli supreme court ruled that the state cannot confiscate the Estelle, and ordered to state to pay NIS 40,000 to the ship's owner to cover court costs.

Estelle is the latest in a series of vessels crewed by activists who have tried to challenge Israel's blockade on Gaza, imposed after Hamas seized power in 2007.

References

External links
 S/v Estelle's homepage
 Estelle will sail along the shore of Finland in Summer 2009

1922 ships
Individual sailing vessels
Nieuport London. The Nieuport London was a British night bomber aircraft designed in the  First World War. A twin-engined triplane, the London was dogged by the unavailability and unreliability of its engines, and did not fly until 1920. Only two were built.

Development and design
In 1918, Henry Folland, chief designer of the Nieuport (England) Ltd (later to become the Nieuport & General Aircraft Co Ltd.), formerly of the Royal Aircraft Factory and designer of the S.E.5, designed the Nieuport London to meet the RAF Type VII specification for a night bomber, an order for six Londons was placed in July 1918.

The London was a twin-engined triplane with equal span, two-bay wings, powered by the new ABC Dragonfly radial engine.  It was designed for ease of production, and was built of wood with use of metal fittings minimised.  The angular fuselage was covered by ¼ inch (6 mm) thick wooden boarding joined by Tongue and groove joints, techniques more usually found in furniture manufacture.  The fabric covered wings were unstaggered and had ailerons fitted to each wing, while the tail unit had a prominent ventral fin similar to that fitted to Folland's S.E.5 and Nighthawk fighters. Bombload was 2,250 lb (1,023 kg), while as the London was solely intended to operate by night, defensive armament was limited to a pair of Lewis guns in the nose.

The end of the First World War meant that the needs of the RAF for heavy bombers could be met by the existing Vickers Vimy, and the last four Londons were cancelled in December 1918.  Despite the great expectations placed on the Dragonfly, which had been ordered into large scale production prior to testing being carried out, and formed the powerplant for many of the types planned to equip the Royal Air Force of 1919, the engine was disappointing, with the prototype Londons being delayed by many months before engines were delivered, with the first eventually flying on 13 April 1920, followed by the second in July. Despite its simple structure and angular lines, handling proved excellent, it being possible to remove the ailerons from the lower two sets of wings while not adversely affecting control. Although Folland had designed a civil transport version capable of carrying 13 passengers or heavy loads of cargo or mail, Nieuport and General closed down in August 1920, ending development of the London.

Specifications

See also

References

"The Nieuport "London" Night Bomber". Flight, 2 December 1920. pp. 1231–1239
Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Lewis, Peter. The British Bomber since 1914. London:Putnam, Second edition 1974. .
Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London:Putnam, 1994. .

External links

1920s British bomber aircraft
London
Triplanes
Chennai Elevated Expressways. Chennai Elevated Expressways is a road network development scheme of the Second Master Plan by CMDA for Chennai city, India.

Corridors 
Five elevated corridors have been proposed as a medium-term scheme.

The following 12 corridors have been proposed in the long term scheme

 * Revised cost during tender process.

Other corridors
Apart from the Master Plan, other corridors are being planned by the Corporation of Chennai, Chennai Port Trust and Ennore Port Trust. The following are the details of these elevated roads.

Project deadline
Ten years from the commencement of the project (January 2009). The corridors are expected to be completed by 2019–2020.

References 

Expressways in Tamil Nadu
Urban transit in Chennai
Urban road transit in Chennai
Proposed roads in India
Wave-class oiler. The Wave class was a class of twenty replenishment oilers built for service supporting the Royal Navy (RN) during the later years of the Second World War. They were subsequently transferred to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom, after the end of the war, and went on to support British and allied fleet units in Cold War conflicts such as the Korean War.

Design and construction
The expanding needs of the Royal Navy to carry out long range operations away from friendly fueling and replenishment stations led to the ordering of a number of tankers of around  displacement, able to carry  of fuel oil. These would allow the Royal Navy and its allies increased flexibility, particularly in the Pacific theatre, where there were large expanses of water and few friendly fuel stations. A total of twenty ships were eventually built by three British yards; 12 by the Furness Shipbuilding Company, Haverton Hill-on-Tees, three by Harland and Wolff at their yard in Govan, and the remaining five by Sir J. Laing & Sons Ltd, at Sunderland.

Service
Thirteen of the 20 of the ships were initially built for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), which assigned them to be operated by various merchant shipping lines. Consequently, most were named with the standard MoWT prefix "Empire". The remaining MoWT owned oilers were transferred to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary in 1946 and all were given "Wave" names. Several of the RFA ships served in the Far East during the Second World War, while the class was heavily involved in the Korean War. RFAs , , , , , , ,  and  all served there in support of allied fleet units and task forces.

The class began to be retired from the Royal Fleet Auxiliary in the late 1950s, with  and  the first to be sold for scrapping in 1959. Most of the remaining vessels had been scrapped by the mid-1960s, but refits and modifications allowed several to continue in service until the mid-1970s, with Wave Chief the last to be retired, in 1974.

Ships

See also 
 List of replenishment ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary

Notes

References

External links

 
Auxiliary replenishment ship classes
 Wave
Chemistry of Materials. Chemistry of Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1989 by the American Chemical Society. It was founded by Leonard V. Interrante, who was the Editor-in-Chief until 2013. Jillian M. Buriak took over as Editor-in-Chief in January 2014. She was followed by Sara E. Skrabalak, who assumed the position of Editor-in-Chief in November 2020.

Abstracting, indexing, and impact factor 
According to the Journal Citation Reports, Chemistry of Materials has a 2022 impact factor of 8.6.

It is indexed in the following bibliographic databases:
Scopus
Web of Science
British Library
CAS Source Index

See also
 ACS Materials Letters

References

External links
 

Chemistry journals
Materials science journals
American Chemical Society academic journals
Academic journals established in 1980
English-language journals
Falcomposite Furio. The Falcomposite Furio is a two-seat kitplane of carbon fibre construction. It is a two-seat, low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear. The Furio may be powered by a range of four cylinder horizontally opposed piston aircraft engines.

The aircraft kit, designed in New Zealand by brothers Lapo and Giovanni Nustrini, uses advanced composite material technology to reduce the complexity of the structure and therefore reduce the time required to complete construction.

The prototype, registered ZK-LLG, took off on its first flight on 6 February 2008. As of October 2022, five aircraft are identified on the New Zealand register and one in the United States.

Registered Aircraft
New Zealand
ZK-LLG (s/n 001)
ZK-NJS (s/n 002)
ZK-WBW (s/n 003)
ZK-PPK (s/n 007)
ZK-FUO (s/n 014)

Australia
VH-FUY (s/n 004)

United States
N861SA (s/n 005)

United Kingdom
G-FURO (s/n LAA 414-15609)

Canada
C-FURX (s/n RGN-001)

Specifications (Furio LN27 RG)

References

External links

 Falcomposite Website

Homebuilt aircraft
CHELPG. CHELPG (CHarges from ELectrostatic Potentials using a Grid-based method) is an atomic charge calculation scheme developed by Breneman and Wiberg, in which atomic charges are fitted to reproduce the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) at a number of points around the molecule.

The charge calculation methods based on fitting of MESP (including CHELPG) are not well-suitable for the treatment of larger systems, where some of the innermost atoms are located far away from the points at which the MESP is computed. In such a situation, variations of the innermost atomic charges will not lead to significant changes of the MESP outside of the molecule, which means accurate values for the innermost atomic charges are not well-determined by the MESP outside of the molecule. This problem is solved by density derived electrostatic and chemical (DDEC) methods that partition the electron density cloud in order to provide chemically meaningful net atomic charges that approximately reproduce the electrostatic potential surrounding the material.

It should be remembered that atomic charges depend on the molecular conformation. The representative atomic charges for flexible molecules hence should be computed as average values over several molecular conformations. 

A number of alternative MESP charge schemes have been developed, such as those employing Connolly surfaces or geodesic point selection algorithms, in order to improve rotational invariance by increasing the point selection density and reducing anisotropies in the sampled points on the MESP surface. While CHELPG is restricted to non-periodic (e.g., molecular) systems, the DDEC methods can be applied to both non-periodic and periodic materials. 

CHELPG charges can be computed using the popular ab initio quantum chemical packages such as Gaussian, GAMESS-US and ORCA.

References

Quantum chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Computational chemistry
MIV. MIV or variation, may refer to:

The Roman numerals for 1004
 The year AD 1004 CE
 A number in the 1000s range
Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies ()
Amdang language (ISO 639 language code: miv)
Millville Municipal Airport (IATA airport code MIV), New Jersey, USA
Mechanised Infantry Vehicle, a planned armoured personnel carrier for the British Army
, a ship of the Royal Navy
, a minesweeper of the Royal Netherlands Navy
 Gross-Basenach M IV, a pre-WWI German military semi-rigid airship
 Meusel M-IV, a German glider; see List of German gliders
 M.IV ("Matrix IV"), the fictional Warner Brothers videogame project inside the 2021 film The Matrix Resurrections

See also

 Nieuport IV.M, a French pre-WWI monoplane
 Mitsubishi MiEV (/ˈmiːv/), an electric car
 M4 (disambiguation)
 MI5 (disambiguation)
 MLV (disambiguation)
 1004 (disambiguation)
NSS-9. NSS-9 is a communications satellite owned by SES World Skies. It is an all C-band satellite intended as a replacement for NSS-5, and has three beams with 44 active C-band transponders.

NSS-9 was built by Orbital Sciences Corporation and launched February 12, 2009 aboard Ariane 5 flight V-187.

Built on the Orbital STAR-2 satellite bus, NSS-9 has an expected useful lifetime extending through 2024.

Its launch has been featured in National Geographic Channel's programme World's Toughest Fixes Satellite Launch S02E01.

References

External links

 http://www.ses.com/4629118/nss-9

Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2009
SES satellites
Satellites using the GEOStar bus
Open security. Open security is the use of open source philosophies and methodologies to approach computer security and other information security challenges. Traditional application security is based on the premise that any application or service (whether it is malware or desirable) relies on security through obscurity.

Open source approaches have created technology such as Linux (and to some extent, the Android operating system). Additionally, open source approaches applied to documents have inspired wikis and their largest example, Wikipedia. Open security suggests that security breaches and vulnerabilities can be better prevented or ameliorated when users facing these problems collaborate using open source philosophies.

This approach requires that users be legally allowed to collaborate, so relevant software would need to be released under a license that is widely accepted to be open source; examples include the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) license, the Apache 2.0 license, the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), and the GNU General Public License (GPL). Relevant documents would need to be under a generally accepted "open content" license; these include Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) and Attribution Share Alike (CC-BY-SA) licenses, but not Creative Commons "non-commercial" licenses or "no-derivative" licenses.

On the developer side, legitimate software and service providers can have independent verification and testing of their source code. On the information technology side, companies can aggregate common threats, patterns, and security solutions to a variety of security issues.

See also 
 Kerckhoffs's Principle
 OASIS (organization) (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)
 OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project)
 Open government
 Homeland Open Security Technology
Open source
Open source software
 Open-source hardware

References

Free software culture and documents
Free culture movement
Cybersecurity engineering
Korean Academy of Science and Technology. The Korean Academy of Science and Technology (KAST) is South Korea's highest academy of science and serves as an integrated think-tank for the country's science and technology. It contributes to national development by promoting science and technology through active participation of its member scientists and engineers who have demonstrated professional excellence domestically and internationally in their respective fields.

KAST will contribute to the globalization of science and technology by playing the role of the principal contact point for international cooperation and information exchanges, through bilateral and/or multilateral academic exchange programs with foreign academies, public semi-scientific lectures and "Science Hall of Fame" program, cooperation with international scientific and technological organizations, and friendly relations and exchanges with overseas scholars.

KAST was founded in 1994 to play a strong role in helping South Korea climb the technology ladder. KAST has also served to encourage cooperation between scientists in South and North Korea in the science and technology sector. The non-profit institute has also strengthened global cooperation by operating the secretariat for the 17-member Association of Academies of Science in Asia (AASA) since 2000.

International standing
KAST is an internationally recognized academy of science. KAST has 34 Nobel Laureates amongst its foreign members including Steven Chu, who is a co-winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997 and head of the U.S. Department of Energy during the Barack Obama administration, Robert B. Laughlin, head of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Jerome I. Friedman, who earned the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Awards
KAST and DuPont Korea cooperate in awarding the DuPont Science Award. The award recognizes South Korean scientists' contribution to scientific studies and advancement in the country and serves to encourage further excellence. Since 1997, KAST also presents the annual Young Scientist Award to four individuals in research fields. Many of the winners are employed at SKY, KAIST, or POSTECH at the time of the award and later frequently work for KAIST or the Institute for Basic Science.

List of presidents
 Cho Wan Kyoo () (November 1994 – March 1998)
 Jhon Mu Shik (전무식) (March 1998 – January 2001)
 Han In Kyu () (January 2001 – February 2004)
 Chung KunMo () (February 2004 – February 2007) a former department head at the International Atomic Energy Agency
 Rhee Hyun-Ku (이현구) (February 2007 – March 2010)
 Chung Kil-Saeng () (March 2010 – March 2013)
 Park Sung Hyun (박성현) (March 2013 – March 2016)
 Lee Myung-Chul (이명철) (March 2016 – March 2019)
 Han Min-Koo (한민구) (March 2019 – March 2022)
 Yoo Ook Joon (유욱준) (March 2022 – current)

References

External links
 

Scientific organizations based in South Korea
Members of the International Science Council
Samuel Feltman. Samuel Feltman (May 4, 1899 – September 6, 1951) was an American computer scientist and expert in weaponry. At the time of his death, Feltman was Associate Chief of the Research and Materials Branch and Chief of the Ballistic Section of the U.S. Army Ordnance Research and Development Division.

Feltman was centrally involved in the development of the first electronic computer, ENIAC, of the hypersonic wind tunnel, and of "Atomic Annie", the first nuclear artillery shell. Feltman proposed the ballistic characteristics of such weapons as the 90mm and 120mm antiaircraft guns, the 8‑inch gun, the 240mm howitzer, and many other weapons. In 1944, he was awarded the Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service, the highest award given by the Army to a civilian. In honor of his service and contributions, the Picatinny Arsenal dedicated a building in his name, "The Samuel Feltman Ammunition Laboratory," Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New Jersey.

Feltman was born and raised in Long Branch, New Jersey, the son of Russian Jews. He joined the Army Ordnance Corps at the Sandy Hook Proving Ground in 1918, and served at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland.  He also spent time serving as "what amounted to the permanent under-chief of the ballistics work in Washington" (D.C.). Feltman was killed at the age of 52 in an auto accident, along with his wife and father-in-law.

Development of the computer
In 1946, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed the first electronic computer at the University of Pennsylvania. The funding for this computer, called ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator), was provided by the Ballistics and Ordnance Division of the U.S. Army. Lieutenant Herman Goldstine was the Army Officer most directly involved in the development of ENIAC. In his memoir/history of the development of the computer, Goldstine quotes his superior officer, Colonel Paul Gillon, who attributes a crucial role for Feltman in securing the funding for the ENIAC project.  Feltman also served as a liaison between the Ballistics Division and Mauchly.

M65 atomic cannon
Feltman also played an important role in the development of the M65 atomic cannon—nicknamed "Atomic Annie". Robert Schwartz began the design of a small tactical nuclear weapon at the Pentagon in 1949. Eventually, his project was transferred to the Picatinny Arsenal in Dover, New Jersey. Schwartz finished his design, and Feltman took on the important role of selling the project to the Pentagon.

In July 1954, the Technical Division Laboratory at the Picatinny Arsenal was renamed the Samuel Feltman Laboratories.

References

1899 births
1951 deaths
United States Army civilians
People from Long Branch, New Jersey
Ballistics experts
Weapons scientists and engineers
Road incident deaths in the United States
Place of death missing
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
SM UC-2. SM UC-2 was a German Type UC I minelayer submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy () during World War I. The U-boat had been ordered by November 1914 and was launched on 12 May 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 May 1915 as SM UC-2. Mines laid by UC-2 in her two patrols were not credited with sinking any ships.

Design
A Type UC I submarine, UC-2 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a length overall of , a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by one Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine producing , an electric motor producing , and one propeller shaft. She was capable of operating at a depth of .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, she could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . UC-2 was fitted with six  mine tubes, twelve UC 120 mines, and one  machine gun. She was built by AG Vulcan Stettin and her complement was fourteen crew members.

Fate
UC-2 sailed from Zeebrugge on 29 June 1915 to lay mines off Lowestoft. On 2 July she was accidentally run down by the coaster Cottingham off that same port; the impact tore a  opening in the forward part of the pressure hull, and the submarine sank. The Cottingham'''s master reported the incident and the area was subsequently dragged by Royal Navy vessels, whose lines fouled an underwater obstruction and caused a substantial submerged explosion. On 3 July a diver discovered UC-2 in ; as well as the damage which had resulted from the impact with the Cottingham'', he reported that one of the submarine's mines had been detonated by the drag lines.

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 
 

German Type UC I submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1915
World War I submarines of Germany
Maritime incidents in 1915
U-boats sunk in 1915
U-boats sunk by mines
1915 ships
World War I minelayers of Germany
Ships built in Hamburg
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Submarines lost with all hands