omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Freightliner C2. The Freightliner C2 is a Type C conventional bus chassis manufactured by Daimler Truck North America, used for school bus applications.  It was introduced in 2004 as the replacement for the FS-65.  The C2 uses the hood, firewall, steering column, and dashboard of the Freightliner Business Class M2 medium-duty conventional.

Body manufacturers
As a bus chassis, the C2 is only used by Thomas Built Buses as the basis for the Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2.  As Thomas is a subsidiary of Freightliner, there are no plans by other body manufacturers to utilize the C2 chassis.  However, the standard Freightliner M2 chassis is available to the commercial and shuttle bus industry as a cutaway cab as the Freightliner B2.

Powertrain
Engines - Current Offerings

Engines - Prior Offerings

Transmissions
The C2 comes standard with an Allison 2500 automatic transmission. Also available are Fuller 5-speed manual transmission and the Allison 3000 automatic.

See also

 List of buses
 School Bus
 Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2

References

C2
School bus chassis
Vehicles introduced in 2004
Shire Brook Valley Local Nature Reserve. The Shire Brook Valley Local Nature Reserve is located in Sheffield, England, on a former brownfield industrial site.

Development
The Local Nature Reserve was designated in 1999 and extends over an area of approximately 100 hectares. 

It is based around the former site of the Coisley Hill Sewage Works which closed in the early 1990s. The manager's office has been converted into a visitors' centre. The reserve includes Beighton Marsh, an area of reed-grass swamp situated at its eastern end, which supports birds such as Reed Bunting, Grasshopper Warbler and barn owl, as well as mammals such as the Harvest Mouse and Water Vole. The Birley Spa Bath House, a Grade II listed building, was restored with a Heritage Lottery Fund grant in 2001. Also within the reserve is Wickfield Plantation, one of the few remaining areas of lowland heath and coppiced oak woodland inside Sheffield. 

The reserve contains Carr Forge Dam which is fed by a stream from Birley Spa and is a location for wildlife. New ponds were created in the same area to mark the centenary of the City of Sheffield. The Centenary Ponds were opened by Clive Betts on 18 June 1993. Further ponds were created in 2016 to encourage amphibians. Also added to the eastern side of the reserve is a landscaped former landfill site, called Linley Bank Meadow, now home to skylarks and a likely location for soaring buzzards.

The reserve is popular with cyclists and walkers, having a network of paths and the Transpennine Trail running through is used by a running club, for orienteering events, geocaching, company team-building days, school visits etc. The reserve has a car-park accessed from Stone Lane.

Fishing is banned on the site as most access points involve walking under pylons which has resulted in fishing rods conducting electricity and burning anglers. After one bad accident in 2004, the council took the unusual step of removing all the fish from the site to deter anglers. This decision was criticised by the Countryside Alliance.

Carr Forge Dam

Carr Forge Dam is a dam located in the centre of the reserve. The dam dates back to the Tudor dynasty, and most of the brickwork still remains. The dam is now mainly used as a wildlife pond, with toads, frogs and other species including the endangered Great Crested Newt breeding in the marshes.

Shirebrook Heritage Group
The Shirebrook Heritage Group was established in 1999 to maintain the Valley and its visitor's centre. They run a Park Ranger programme and hold regular meetings within the Birley Spa bath house and the visitor's centre itself.

Shire Brook Valley Conservation Group 
Volunteers formed the group in 1989 and have been at the forefront in carrying out habitat conservation work on the nature reserve on a weekly/monthly basis, meeting on Wednesday and Saturday mornings.

See also
Shire Brook
Nether Wheel

References

External links
Shire Brook Valley walking leaflet

Parks in Sheffield
Local Nature Reserves in South Yorkshire
Rotary converter plant. A rotary converter plant is a facility at which rotary converters convert one form of electricity to another form of electricity.  The installed combinations of motors and generators at a plant determine the possible type(s) of conversion.  Such facilities also allow the setting of voltages and frequencies, if appropriate equipment is installed.  Rotary converter plants were commonplace in railway electrification before the invention of mercury arc rectifiers in the 1920s.

At each facility, power from an AC power grid was converted to DC to feed into an overhead line or a third rail of a railway.  Rotary converter plants were also used for coupling power grids of different frequencies and operation modes.  The former Neuhof Substation was an example of the latter.  Former machinery transmitters like the Alexanderson alternator were, strictly speaking, rotary converter plants.

In spite of modern power semiconductor technology, rotary converters are still common for feeding railway systems with AC of a different frequency from that of the main electricity grid.  In Europe, this would typically be for 15 kV AC railway electrification.

References

See also 
 Traction current converter plant
 Rotary converter
 Motor–generator
 Static inverter plant
 Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme

Electric power conversion
Converter stations
Polonium dichloride. Polonium dichloride is a chemical compound of the radioactive metalloid, polonium and chlorine. Its chemical formula is . It is an ionic salt.

Structure
Polonium dichloride appears to crystallise with an orthorhombic unit cell in either the P222, Pmm2 or Pmmm space group, although this is likely a pseudo-cell. Alternatively, the true space group may be monoclinic or triclinic, with one or more cell angles close to 90°. Assuming the space group is P222, the structure exhibits distorted cubic coordination of Po as  and distorted square planar coordination of Cl as .

Preparation
 can be obtained either by halogenation of polonium metal or by dehalogenation of polonium tetrachloride, . Methods for dehalogenating  include thermal decomposition at 300 °C, reduction of cold, slightly moist  by sulfur dioxide; and heating  in a stream of carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide at 150 °C.

Reactions
 dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid to give a pink solution, which autoxidises to Po(IV).  is rapidly oxidised by hydrogen peroxide or chlorine water. Addition of potassium hydroxide to the pink solution results in a dark brown precipitate – possibly hydrated PoO or  – which is rapidly oxidised to Po(IV). With dilute nitric acid,  forms a dark red solution followed by a flaky white precipitate of unknown composition.

See also
Polonium tetrachloride

References

Polonium compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Chalcohalides
Nieuport & General Aircraft. The Nieuport & General Aircraft Company Ltd was a British aircraft manufacturer, established during the First World War to build French Nieuport aircraft under licence, which closed down in 1920.

History
On 16 November 1916, Samuel Waring, the owner of the furniture manufacturer Waring & Gillow, established the Nieuport & General Aircraft Company at Cricklewood, London to build the French Nieuport 11 fighter under licence. It built 50 Nieuport 17bis fighters before production changed to the more capable Sopwith Camel, building 400 Camels, with 100 Sopwith Snipes being delivered postwar.

In 1917, an official Inquiry (the Burbidge Report) into the activities of the Royal Aircraft Factory led to design and construction of aircraft at Farnborough being stopped, and the Factory's design teams being broken up. Nieuport & General took advantage of this situation to hire Henry Folland, the designer of the S.E.5 fighter, as chief designer. Folland designed a number of aircraft, with the Nieuport Nighthawk fighter being ordered into production in August 1918, but the failure of the engine chosen to power it together with the end of the First World War, led to production being ended and the Nighthawk not entering service.

Nieuport & General was closed down in August 1920, together with the other aircraft companies owned by Waring, British Aerial Transport (BAT) and the Alliance Aeroplane Company. Folland was hired by the Gloster Aircraft Company, continuing development of the Nighthawk.

Aircraft
Nieuport B.N.1
Nieuport Nighthawk
Nieuport London

Notes

References
 Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914–18. London:Putnam, 1957.
 Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume One:Fighters. London:Macdonald, 1965.
 Bruce, J. M. "Those Classic Nieuports". Air Enthusiast Quarterly, Number Two, 1976. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. pp. 137–153. 
Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Stroud, UK:Sutton Publishing, 2nd Edition, 2005. .
 James, Derek N. Gloster Aircraft since 1917. London:Putnam, 1971. .
 Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1992. .
 "New Companies Registered". Flight, 16 November 1916. p. 1016.
 "Our Designing Staffs and Their Future: A Word of Warning". Flight, 19 August 1920. p. 907.
 Robertson, Bruce. Sopwith—The Man and His Aircraft. Letchworth, UK:Air Review, 1970. .

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Nieuport & General aircraft
Uncore. "Uncore" is a term used by Intel to describe the functions of a microprocessor that are not in the core, but which must be closely connected to the core to achieve high performance. It has been called "system agent" since the release of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture.

Details
Typical processor cores contains the components of the processor involved in executing instructions, including the ALU, FPU, L1 and L2 cache. In contrast, Uncore functions include QPI controllers, L3 cache, snoop agent pipeline, on-die memory controller, on-die PCI Express Root Complex, and Thunderbolt controller.  Other bus controllers such as SPI and LPC are part of the chipset.

The Intel uncore design stems from its origin as the northbridge. The design of the Intel uncore reorganizes the functions critical to the core, making them physically closer to the core on-die, thereby reducing their access latency.

Specifically, the microarchitecture of the Intel uncore is broken down into a number of modular units. The main uncore interface to the core is the so-called cache box (CBox), which interfaces with the last level cache (LLC) and is responsible for managing cache coherency. Multiple internal and external QPI links are managed by physical-layer units, referred to as PBox.  Connections between the PBox, CBox, and one or more iMCs (MBox) are managed by the system configuration controller (UBox) and a router (RBox).

Removal of serial bus controllers from the Intel uncore further enables increased performance by allowing the uncore clock (UCLK) to run at a base of 2.66 GHz, with overclocking limits in excess of 3.44 GHz. This increased clock rate allows the core to access critical functions (such as the IMC) with significantly less latency, typically reducing core access times to DRAM by 10 ns or more.

References

External links 
 Intel Software Developer's Manual. Vol. 3A & 3B

Microprocessors
Mohammadia School of Engineering. The Mohammadia School of Engineers (, abbreviated EMI; ) is the first to be established engineering school in Morocco. EMI was founded in 1959 by the King Mohammed V as Morocco's first polytechnic, it's one of the largest schools of engineering in Morocco, and its most prestigious.

History

EMI became in 1982 under the order of the king Hassan II a school combining academic and military education in order to control the students promoting communism.
The new model set was following the establishment of the polytechnical school of Paris (École Polytechnique).

Special events

 First Computer in Morocco as a gift from the king Baudoin of the Belgians to EMI.
 First Internet node in Morocco introduced by EMI.
 First School to introduce in 2003 the Internet country code top-level domain ".ma".
 First School introducing the Electrical Engineering 's bachelor's degree.

Organization

After three years of academic studies and military training the students have to take an oath in front of his majesty the King of Morocco in order to get the 'Grandes Ecoles d'ingénieurs' degree, a Bac+5 in the French education System, and the equivalent of a master's degree . In the military side the students graduate as reserve Officers. The school consists of nine departments :

 Department of Civil Engineering
 Department of Computer Science
 Department of Electrical Engineering
 Department of Industrial Engineering
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Department of Mineral Engineering
 Department of Modelling and Scientific Computing
 Department of Networks & Telecommunications
 Department of Process Engineering

References

External links 

  Official website
 AIEM Europe web site

Mohammadia School of Engineering
Engineering universities and colleges
Education in Morocco
Schools of informatics
Grandes écoles
Universities and colleges established in 1959
Education in Rabat
Buildings and structures in Rabat
1959 establishments in Morocco
20th-century architecture in Morocco
Heinlein Centennial. The Heinlein Centennial Convention was held in Kansas City from July 6 through July 8, 2007, coincident with the 100th anniversary of Robert A. Heinlein's birth in Butler, Missouri on July 7, 1907.  The Guests of Honor were Robert and Virginia Heinlein, in absentia and deceased.  The keynote speakers were:
 Michael D. Griffin, administrator of NASA
 Brian Binnie, pilot of SpaceShipOne on its X-Prize-winning flight
 Peter Diamandis, founder of the X-Prize
 Jeff Greason, CEO of XCOR Aerospace
 Patricia G. Smith, Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation within the Federal Aviation Administration

Many notable science fiction authors were also in attendance, including Spider and Jeanne Robinson, David Gerrold, Frederik Pohl, and John Scalzi.

The event was held in the adjoining Crown Center Hyatt Regency and Westin hotels, which are linked by a Habitrail-like transparent pedestrian tube called "The Link".

Programming Notes
The program included a track devoted to space travel with emphasis on commercial endeavors, since Heinlein is revered by many in the private space community, notably for his book The Man Who Sold the Moon.

Some programming began on the evening of July 5 with selections of Heinlein's biography read by his official biographer, William Patterson.

Saturday evening featured a gala of entertainment including a rare video greeting from Sir Arthur C. Clarke in Sri Lanka, one of the last he recorded before his death the following year.

The centennial also hosted two ongoing conferences at the same venue: The annual Campbell Conference and the Science Fiction Research Association Conference, where both presented their awards. The winners of the awards were brought to Kansas City and were honored in a joint evening event on Friday evening.

The Campbell Conference topic for Saturday's round-table discussion was, "Robert A. Heinlein, Jack Williamson, and 21st Century Science Fiction."

References

External links
 Campbell Conference official website - from the Center for the Study of Science Fiction
 The Heinlein Centennial Archives
 Heinlein Centennial Program Schedule
 Photograph Archive
 Space Review
 Terra Magazine article

Robert A. Heinlein
C-41 (rocket). C-41 was a two-stage Italian-built rocket, 75 kg (165 lb) in weight, part of a program to develop probe carrying rockets to study outer atmosphere. It was first launched on July 9, 1960, from the Salto di Quirra range. The project was managed by Lt.Col. Metallo (DGAM—Direzione Generali Armi e Munizioni) and Engineer Angeloni (SISPRE—Societa Italiana Sviluppo Propulsione a Reazione (Italian Society of Studies on Jet Propulsion)). To cut costs the C-41 recycled parts of existing weaponry. The first stage was powered by a cluster of four jets featuring interconnected combustion chambers. The payload carrying second stage was powered by a single engine of the same type. On the whole six C-41 were launched successfully. Successive development of probe carrying rockets was the task of the newly formed Space Research Committee within the CNR (Italian National Research Institution). The committee's president was the founder of Italian astronautics, Luigi Broglio.

See also 
Italian Space Agency

References

Bibliography 

L’Aeronautica Militare e lo spazio dagli albori agli albori agli anni ’70, Rivista Aeronautica 6/2003
AA.VV:, Le attività spaziali italiane dal dopoguerra all’istituzione dell’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agenzia Spaziale Europea

Sounding rockets of Italy
Tommaso Lomonaco. Tommaso Lomonaco (1901–1992), one of the so-called guidonians, in the 1940s was strongly in favour of a multi-disciplinary approach to space sciences. He believed that aeronautical engineering and medicine were closely related and even more in the case of astronautics. He illustrated his experience on the interaction between the two sciences in a book, An MD Among Flyers. There, he states that both in the Guidonia labs and in the Aeronautic Engineering School, 'technicians, engineers, medicine doctors, biologists, university students and ITAF career officers worked side by side, merging their knowledge in a completely new way for those times'.

References
Brief biography of Tommaso Lomonaco

Bibliography 
Filippo Graziani, La Scuola di Scuola Ingegneria Aerospaziale nell’ottantesimo anniversario della sua fondazione 2006
Tommaso Lo Monaco, Un medico tra gli aviatori, Regionale Editrice

20th-century Italian scientists
1901 births
1992 deaths
Scientists from Rome
Special School for Aeronautical and Spatial Medicine. In 1963, the first and only one Special School for Aeronautical and Spatial Medicine in Italy was created out of Center of Studies and Research on Aeronautical Medicine to do research work in the new field of Space activities. In order to test conditions in space, new instruments were developed such as a tower where a state of micro gravity could be attained for a very short period of time, as well as an axis of sub gravity where body movements under micro gravity could be studied. Such studies were all important to determine safety conditions in the first ‘moon-walks’. Because of its relevance in the field of Medicine, it was visited in 1965 by Col. John Glenn, USAF, the first US astronaut to be put in an orbit around the Earth.

Aeronautics organizations
Space science organizations
Odd Gleditsch Jr.. Odd Gleditsch Jr. (16 May 1929 – 25 December 2023) was a Norwegian businessperson.

He was born in Sandefjord as a son of Odd Gleditsch Sr. He was a second cousin once removed of Rolf, Ellen, Kristian and Henry Gleditsch.

He took his chemical engineering education in the United States. He was hired in his father's company Jotun Odd Gleditsch in 1953. He became CEO in 1967 and saw through a merger to form the company Jotun where he was CEO from 1972 to 1979. He was also chairman of the board from 1972 to 2000.

References

1929 births
2023 deaths
Norwegian businesspeople
Norwegian chemical engineers
People from Sandefjord
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Rapid phase transition. Rapid phase transition or RPT is an explosive boiling phenomenon realized in liquefied natural gas (LNG) incidents, in which LNG vaporizes violently upon coming in contact with water causing what is known as a physical explosion. During such explosions there is no combustion but rather a huge amount of energy is transferred in the form of heat from the room-temperature water to the LNG at a temperature difference of about 200 K (176.667°C / 350 °F).

Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is natural gas that gets liquefied at atmospheric pressure and −161.5 °C (112.7 K; −258.7 °F). It is odorless, tasteless, colorless, and not poisonous but causes asphyxia. It can cause frostbite due to its cryogenic temperature. If saturated LNG contacts liquid water (e.g. sea water, which has an average temperature of 15 °C), heat is transferred from the water to the LNG, rapidly vaporizing it. This results in an explosion because the volume occupied by natural gas in its gaseous form is 600 times greater than when its liquefied; this is the phenomenon of rapid phase transition.

See also
 BLEVE
 Dry ice bomb

References

Phase transitions
Explosions
Liquefied natural gas
Process safety
Executable architecture. An Executable Architecture (EA), in general, is the description of a system architecture (including software and/or otherwise) in a formal notation together with the tools (e.g. compilers/translators) that allow the automatic or semi-automatic generation of artifacts (e.g. capability gap analysis (CGA), models, software stubs, Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL)) from that notation and which are used in the analysis, refinement, and/or the implementation of the architecture described.

Closely related subjects
Subjects closely related to EA include:

 Object Management Group's Model-driven architecture
 Object Management Group's Business Process Management Initiative
 Vanderbilt University's Model Integrated Computing (MIC)

Implementations
Implementations of EA include:

 Rational Rose
 Generic Modeling Environment (GME)
 Open-Source eGov Reference Architecture (OSERA)

See also
 Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)
 Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI)
 Business Process Modeling Language (BPML)
 Executable Operational Architecture
 Model-driven architecture (MDA)
 Model-driven engineering (MDE)
 Object Management Group (OMG)
 Semantic Web
 Unified Process
 Unified Modeling Language (UML)
 Vanderbilt University

References

External links

 Model Integrated Computing (MIC) Website
 OSERA's Website
 Executable Architecture of Software-Defined Enterprises 

Systems engineering
Military acquisition
Military simulation
Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering & Technology. Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering & Technology (BGIET) is a college in Sangrur, Punjab, India. The college offers B.Tech, M.Tech, MBA, MCA, BBA, BCA, B.Com.

Departments
 Engineering
 Polytechnic
 Management
 Nursing

Rankings

1. BGIET is an NBA Accredited Institute.

2. BGIET is ranked among the TOP 5 Engineering Institutes of Punjab in terms of infrastructural & Pedagogic systems.

3. BGIET is ranked among the TOP 3 Institutions of PTU in terms of placements.

4. BGIET is ranked among the best B-Schools of India 'Business India B-Schools Survey 2013'.

5. BGIET is rated A+ in All India Rating Category among B-Schools (Indian Management 2013).

Courses offered
B.Tech [Electronics & Communication Engineering] seats- 120
B.Tech [Computer Science and Engineering] seats-120
B.Tech [Information Technology] seats-60
B.Tech [Mechanical Engineering] seats-120
B.Tech [Electrical Engineering] seats-60
B.Tech. [Civil Engineering] seats-60
B.Tech [Food Technology] seats-30
M. Tech. [Electronics & Communication Engineering] seats-24
M. Tech. [Electrical Engineering seats-18
M. Tech. [Mechanical Engineering] seats-18
M. Tech. [Computer Science and Engineering] seats-24

External links

References 

Engineering colleges in Punjab, India
2003 establishments in Punjab, India
Educational institutions established in 2003