omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
ONAP. ONAP (Open Network Automation Platform) is an open-source, orchestration and automation framework. It is hosted by The Linux Foundation.

History 
On February 23, 2017, ONAP was announced as a result of a merger of the OpenECOMP and Open-Orchestrator (Open-O) projects. The goal of the project is to develop a widely used platform for orchestrating and automating physical and virtual network elements, with full lifecycle management.

ONAP was formed as a merger of OpenECOMP, the open source version of AT&T's ECOMP project, and the Open-Orchestrator project, a project begun under the aegis of the Linux Foundation with China Mobile, Huawei and ZTE as lead contributors. The merger brought together both sets of source code and their developer communities, who then elaborated a common architecture for the new project. 

The first release of the combined ONAP architecture, code named "Amsterdam", was announced on November 20, 2017. The next release ("Beijing") was released on June 12, 2018.

As of January, 2018, ONAP became a project within the LF Networking Fund, which consolidated membership across multiple projects into a common governance structure. Most ONAP members became members of the new LF Networking fund.

Overview 
ONAP provides a platform for real-time, policy-driven orchestration and automation of physical and virtual network functions that will enable software, network, IT and cloud providers and developers to rapidly automate new services and support complete lifecycle management.

ONAP incorporates or collaborates with other open-source projects, including OpenDaylight, FD.io, OPNFV and others.

Contributing organizations include AT&T, Samsung, Nokia, Ericsson, Orange, Huawei, Intel, IBM and more.

Architecture

References

External links 
 

Computer networking
Linux Foundation projects
Neville Simms. Sir Neville Ian Simms (born 11 September 1944) is a British businessman and civil engineer who was CEO of Tarmac plc from 1992 to 1999.

Career

Simms was born in 1944 in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of naval officer Arthur Neville Simms MBE and his wife, Anne Davidson McCulloch.  Simms was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Crediton and King's College, Durham, which had become Newcastle University by the time he graduated with a first class honours degree in civil engineering in 1966, and then completed a post-graduate degree in engineering at Glasgow University in 1970. After training at Ove Arup, he joined a civil engineering contractor, A. M. Carmichael, on the M9 motorway out of Edinburgh and, when that firm went into liquidation in 1970, the contract was taken over by Tarmac. He went on to become head of Tarmac Construction in 1988 and Group CEO of Tarmac in 1992. Simms became executive chairman of Carillion on its demerger from Tarmac in July 1999. He stood down as CEO in January 2001 but continued as non-executive chairman until May 2005.

Simms was heavily involved in the construction of the Channel Tunnel and served as Joint Chairman of TML for the last three years of the contract. He chaired the Business in the Community regional teams in the West Midlands and the Solent areas and served as Chairman of the Building Research Establishment Trust and Deputy Chair of Ashridge Management College.

Simms was chairman of International Power plc from October 2000 until its acquisition by GDF Suez in July 2012 and was chairman of the Thames Tideway Tunnel from December 2013 to October 2024. He has also served as a non-executive director of Courtaulds plc and was a Member of the Court of the Bank of England for seven years.

Simms was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1998 New Year Honours, and holds Honorary Doctorate Degrees from the Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Wolverhampton.

References

Living people
1944 births
Engineers from Glasgow
British chief executives
Alumni of Newcastle University
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
British civil engineers
Knights Bachelor
Carillion people
People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Crediton
FS Class E.220. FS Class E.220 was a two-axle electric locomotive, powered by a third rail, built for operation on the Varese line of the Italian Rete Mediterranea (Mediterranean Network) and registered as RM 02. It was acquired by the Italian State Railways in 1918 and re-registered as 220.01. It remained a unique example.

Overview
The locomotive was built by Carminati & Toselli in 1912 for shunting, freight trains and passenger trains on the third-rail electrified railway line Milan - Varese - Porto Ceresio, operated by Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo. The electrical equipment was supplied by General Electric. The total power output was  (1 hour) or  (continuous) and the maximum speed was . The two traction motors were geared directly to the axles. It appears to have been "deported" by German troops fleeing in 1945 and abandoned in Austria where it was converted to power supply from accumulators. In 1961 it was in Linz awaiting scrapping.

References

Further reading
    Stefano Garzaro, Locomotive elettriche FS, editrice Elledì, 1986.
    Alessandro Albé, Le Varesine. L'avventura della terza rotaia dal 1900 al 1950. Le esperienze estere, Torino, editrice Elledì, collana Temi ferroviari, 1986.
    Giovanni Cornolò, Locomotive elettriche FS, Parma, Ermanno Albertelli Editore, 1983, pp. 31-32.

External links
 Photo of FS E220

650 V DC locomotives
Bo locomotives
E.220
Railway locomotives introduced in 1912
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
Freight locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Entropy network. Entropy networks have been investigated in many research areas, on the assumption that entropy can be measured in a network. The embodiment of the network is often physical or informational. An entropy network is composed of entropy containers which are often called nodes, elements, features, or regions and entropy transfer occurs between containers. The transfer of entropy in networks was characterized by Schreiber in his transfer entropy.

Physical basis

A discrete physical basis for entropy networks can be found in the observation, and discussions of discrete observations appear briefly in the work of Prokopenko, Lizier & Price. More complete discussions of observations were offered by Leo Szilárd and Léon Brillouin.

Structures and motifs
Network motifs have been proposed to be scale independent. Networks have been classified by total entropy. The entropy content of graphs has been considered throughout fields of math and computer science. 
Design of entropy networks and in depth investigation has been publicized by Wissner-Gross and Freer who have proposed a time entropy relation (where entropy is maximized of a lifespan) through which predictions of the emergence of complexity can be shown.

Domains of study
The role of entropy networks in formation of structures is critical in engineering and its physical implications determine chirality, organize biological molecules, and quantify the topologies of condensed matter (mass) networks.

References

Entropy
Icaro Twin Electric. The Icaro Twin Electric is an Italian electric ultralight trike that was designed by World Hang Glider Champion pilot Manfred Ruhmer and under development by Icaro 2000 of Sangiano.

As of 2018 the aircraft was not advertised on the manufacturer's website and it is likely that it did not progress beyond one flying prototype.

Design and development
The Twin Electric design features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and twin electric motors mounted on lateral booms, in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface Rx Bip bi-place wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. Power is supplied by two electric motors mounted on booms, one each side of the trike frame, each driving a pusher propeller.

The Rx Bip wing was selected to allow STOL capabilities.

Operational history
The Twin Electric was reported as being flight tested in 2015.

Specifications (Twin Electric)

References

Twin Electric
2010s Italian sport aircraft
2010s Italian ultralight aircraft
Twin-motored electric aircraft
Ultralight trikes
North Wing Solairus. The North Wing Solairus is an American ultralight trike that was designed and produced by North Wing Design of Chelan, Washington, introduced about 2015. Now out of production, when it was available it was supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

By February 2018, the aircraft was no longer offered for sale on the company website, although a trike wing with the same name was still in production.

Design and development
The Solairus was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of .

The aircraft design features a strut-braced topless hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel fairings and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft wing is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. The trike carriage is of composite materials and is an aerodynamically faired design. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a single-cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke  Polini Thor 100,  Polini Thor 200 engine or the  Bailey 200 V4.

The aircraft has a carriage weight of  and an empty weight of .

Specifications (Solairus)

References

Solairus
2010s United States sport aircraft
2010s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
FS Class E.421. The FS Class E.421 locomotive of the Italian State Railways (FS) was a battery electric locomotive, built as a single unit (E.421.1) and used for shunting at the old Milano Centrale railway station. It was the only battery electric locomotive to be registered in the FS fleet.

History
The E.421 locomotive was built by  in 1921, with electrical equipment by Tecnomasio Italiano Brown Boveri (TIBB). The batteries were built by Società Generale Italiana Accumulatori.  The batteries were housed in the two bonnets. They weighed 30 tons and supplied electric power at a voltage of 450 V, which operated the four traction motors, one for each axle. The E.421 was used for shunting at the old central station of Milan, particularly in the western area, terminus of the Varese railway, which was electrified with a third rail. It was withdrawn from the service after only two years, in 1923, owing to its onerous maintenance requirements and short operating period - about one hour between charges.

It was stored for a few years, and there was a proposal to convert it to third rail operation, but this was not implemented. The E.421 was scrapped around 1935.

References

    Giovanni Cornolò, Locomotive elettriche FS, Parma, Ermanno Albertelli Editore, 1994, pp. 17–20, .

Bo′Bo′ locomotives
E.421
Railway locomotives introduced in 1921
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
Battery electric locomotives
Shunting locomotives
Michel Gratton (politician). Michel Gratton (born February 1, 1939) is a Canadian civil engineer and former member of the National Assembly of Quebec.

The son of Aurèle Gratton and Germaine Trépanier, he was born in Hull, Quebec (now Gatineau, Quebec). Gratton received his primary schooling at Laverdure and Larocque schools in Hull and attended secondary school at the University of Ottawa. He continued his education at the University of Ottawa and McGill University, receiving a bachelor's degree in civil engineering. Gratton pursued post-graduate studies in natural gas technology at the Illinois Institute of Technology and in public relations and general management at the American Management Association in New York City.

From 1960 to 1962, Gratton worked for Consumer Gas in Toronto as assistant to the vice-president. From 1962 to 1964, he was director of distribution for Ottawa Gas and the Société gazifère de Hull. From 1964 to 1967, he was assistant to the president of J.G. Bisson Construction in Hull. From 1967 to 1970, he was director general and then secretary-treasurer for Distribuco. Gratton was also president of the Hull Chamber of Commerce in 1971 and 1972.

In 1970, he was founding president for the Liberal Association in the Gatineau riding; he was regional president for the Quebec Liberal Party in 1971 and 1972. In 1970, Gratton ran unsuccessfully for the position of mayor of Hull. He was elected to the Quebec assembly for the Gatineau electoral district in a 1972 by-election and was reelected in 1973, 1976, 1981 and 1985. From October 1982 to March 1984, he was deputy leader of the official opposition in the assembly; he was leader of the official opposition from March 1984 to June 1985. From December 1985 to August 1989, he was Government House Leader for the assembly. Gratton served in the Quebec cabinet as Minister of Revenue from December 1985 to June 1987 and as Minister of Tourism from June 1987 to October 1989; he was Minister responsible for Electoral Reform from December 1985 to October 1989. He did not run for reelection in 1989.

After leaving politics, he served as director general and then president for the Asbestos Institute.

References 

1939 births
Living people
Canadian civil engineers
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
Politicians from Gatineau
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
University of Ottawa alumni
20th-century members of the National Assembly of Quebec
Erling Johnson. Erling Bjarne Johnson (7 June 1893 – 5 November 1967) invented the nitrophosphate process in the years 1927-28. The process is recognised internationally as important in the production of fertiliser, but he is little-known in his native Norway.

Johnson worked as a chemical engineer, graduating from Kristiania Tekniske Skole ("Kristiania School of Technics") in 1913. He continued his amanuensis at the chemical institute of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences from 1913 to 1916, where he was assistant to Professor Sebelien. His work concentrated on questions around fertilisers.

He worked as a research chemist for the North Western Cyanamide Company in Odda from 1915 to 1921, where he also worked on fertilisers. He sat on the State Raw Materials Committee in 1921. He was chemical and technical lead for A/S Monopol paint factory in Florvåg on Askøy in Bergen, at the same time as working with Jakobsens Fabrikker A/S in Oslo from 1921 to 1924. He was head chemist at Odda Smelteverk A/S from 1925. Johnson was one of the foremost chemists at Odda Smelteverk. He worked there until 1963, when he retired.

In 1964, Johnson was awarded the Guldberg og Waage-medaljen by the Norwegian Chemical Society.

References 
 Bassøe, Bjarne: Ingeniørmatrikkelen: norske sivilingeniører 1901-55 : med tillegg, Oslo 1961.
 Johnson, Erling: Dicyandiamidets innflydelse på Planteveksten (1918). Avhandling prisbelønnet i 1920 av 1905 fondet for Landbruksforskning i Norge. 
 Johnson, Erling: Omkring den nyere utvikling av kunstgjødselindustrien. Nye fremgangsmaater til fremstilling av koncentrerte kunstgjødselblandinger. Foredrag ved det 2. landsmøte for ingeniører M.N.I.F. NIF Bergens avdeling 50 års jubileum, Bergen 22-24. August 1930. 
 Sogner, Knut: The Case of Hafslund and the Odda Process. In Travis, Anthony S. (ed.): Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900—1939 New Technologies, Political Frameworks, Markets and Companies, Dordrecht 1998.

Norwegian chemists
1893 births
1967 deaths
35 Engineer Support Regiment. 35 Engineer Support Regiment is a regiment of the South African Engineer Corps. The role of the unit is to be the depot of prime mission equipment for the engineer corps.

History

Origin
Originally established at Kroonstad as 35 Field Park Squadron but later renamed 35 Engineer Support Unit. 
The unit was moved to Mariedale near Springs and renamed 35 Engineer Support Regiment with the number 35 being replaced on its flash by the bee.

Leadership
 Col Gerrit Janse van Vuuren
 Lt Col Sam Mbonani

Insignia

Previous Insignia

References 

Engineer regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations in Brakpan
Pedicar. The Pedicar was a pedal powered quadricycle velomobile developed in 1973 by the Environmental Trans-Sport Corporation in Windsor, Connecticut.

Background 
The Pedicar had a seat and an enclosed body with one door.   The vehicle was propelled by a unique linear cable drive train with five forward and one reverse gear.   The four wheels were standard bicycle wheels.

The vehicle was designed by Robert L. Bundschuh, a 38 year old ex-Gyrodyne aircraft engineer and his coworker, Lionel Martin, in 1972.  They produced 20 models which sold for $500 in 1973. Flyers and TV commercials were produced.

Despite being marketed as a replacement for an automobile during the ongoing oil crisis and being fully enclosed from the weather, the Pedicar was not as commercially successful as the contemporary People Powered Vehicle and manufacturing issues prevented a contract with the U.S. Army from being completed.

References

External links
 Pedicar Technology 
 Film clip of Pedicar

Human-powered vehicles
Products introduced in 1973
FS Class E.420. FS class E.420 locomotive was a third rail electric locomotive built for the operation of the Milan - Gallarate - Varese railway in Italy.

History

The locomotive was ordered for the operation of the Milan - Gallarate - Varese railway line, electrified in 1901 by the Rete Mediterranea (RM). It was registered by the RM as RM.01 and was used for both passenger and freight traffic. In addition, twenty railcars were ordered.

In 1905 the locomotive was taken over by the Ferrovie dello Stato (FS). In the late 1920s, the locomotive was transferred from the Varese line to the Naples subway, to be used for freight traffic from Naples Campi Flegrei station. With the electrification at 3000 V DC of the Neapolitan line in 1937, it was transferred to the Cumana railway, which had been electrified in 1927. Here, it was converted to the 1200 V DC overhead line system and fitted with a pantograph. It remained in service until 1963.

Technical details

The locomotive was built by General Electric and was similar to machines already in operation in the United States and Europe. In particular, it was similar to the E1-E8 series supplied to the French Compagnie du chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans and exhibited at the Exposition Universelle (1900) in Paris. The four traction motors totalled , identical to that of the railcars delivered at the same time. At the maximum speed of , the locomotive could haul a train of eight four-wheel coaches. In appearance, the E.420 resembled the locomotives delivered to the Paris-Orléans railway, known as "salt boxes".

References

Further reading
    Francesco Ogliari, Giovanni Cornolò, Si viaggia... anche così, Arcipelago Edizioni, Milano, 2002, .
    Eduardo Bevere, Gerardo Chiaro, Andrea Cozzolino, Storia dei trasporti urbani di Napoli e delle linee interurbane gestite dalla SATN, dalle Tramvie di Capodimonte e dalle aziende municipalizzate. Volume secondo - il materiale rotabile, Calosci, Cortona (AR), 1999, .

E.420
650 V DC locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1901
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
FS Class E.620. The FS Class E.620 was a class of third-rail electric locomotives built by Officine Meccaniche Reggiane for the Italian State Railways (FS). They were built in 1925 using motors and electrical equipment from  railcars which had been withdrawn in 1923. After World War II they were converted to 3,000 volt DC operation and became FS Class E.621.

They were equipped with six nose-suspended direct current traction motors with a total output of . This power was transferred to the axles via a geared final drive and through this they had a maximum speed of . They received power from a 650 V DC third rail system, with the traction current being picked up by contact shoes.

References

Further reading

    Nuovi locomotori per la linea Milano-Varese-Porto Ceresio, in "Rivista tecnica delle ferrovie italiane", anno XV, vol. XXIX, n. 1 (15 gennaio 1926), pp. 1–3.
 
 
 

650 V DC locomotives
Co+Co locomotives
E.620
Railway locomotives introduced in 1925
Standard gauge locomotives of Italy
Julien Simon-Chautemps. Julien Simon-Chautemps (born 14 May 1978) is a French motor racing engineer. He has been race engineer of the Sauber Formula One team since 2017.

Career
Simon-Chautemps is a graduate of the French Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées (2002). He started his career as Technical Director of Prema Powerteam (2003-2007) and then to Trident Racing (2007). He moved to Formula One in 2007. From 2007 to 2010 he was race engineer to Jarno Trulli at Toyota and Lotus. In 2011 he moved to Renault, and was engineer to Vitaly Petrov, Kimi Räikkönen, Pastor Maldonado, Romain Grosjean and Jolyon Palmer.

In 2017, Simon-Chautemps moved to Sauber. which was rebranded to Alfa Romeo in 2019. When Räikkönen joined Alfa Romeo in 2019, Chautemps became his race engineer for the second time.

In 2022, Simon-Chautemps decided to leave the Sauber team and has made his own business called JSC7 Engineering Ltd.

References

External links
 

1978 births
Living people
Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées alumni
French motorsport people
French automotive engineers
Formula One engineers
Renault people
Alfa Romeo people
Palisadoes Foundation. The Palisadoes Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Cupertino, California, US, founded in 2016 
by members of the Jamaican diaspora and The Jamaica Diaspora Technology Taskforce to promote the use of information technology in Jamaica.

Activities
The Palisadoes Foundation participates in a number of activities in accordance with its mandate to support STEM education in Jamaica.

The Calico Challenge
In 2016 the Palisadoes Foundation began the Calico Challenge, 
a program where software engineering students in Jamaican universities are awarded an internship to work on open-source software projects over the summer under the guidance of an industry mentor. Students are paid a stipend based on the achievement of predefined goals. Sponsors have included the JPS Foundation.

The Palisadoes Foundation also works closely with the Jamaica Computer Society in promoting and managing the Calico Challenge in Jamaica.

Open Source Repository
The Palisadoes Foundation's GitHub repository stores the open source software that is created and modified by its volunteers and student interns.

Equipment Donations
In 2018, the Palisadoes Foundation donated computer server equipment to the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica and the University of Technology, Jamaica.

References

External links
 Palisadoes Foundation's GitHub repository
 The JPS Foundation
 University of Technology, Jamaica IEEE student branch
 UWI Mona Computing Society

2016 establishments in California
Charities based in California
Scientific organizations established in 2016