omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aeromot AMT-300 Turbo Ximango Shark. 

The Aeromot AMT-300 Turbo Ximango Shark is a Brazilian motor glider manufactured by the aerospace company Aeromot.

Design and development
It is a single piston engine, and one of the improved versions of the Aeromot Ximango family of motor gliders, also with composite structure and conventional retractable landing gear, also designed to carry one pilot and one passenger on short trips.

Variants
AMT-300P Polícia Version for military and police use for observation and reconnaissance. 
AMT-300R Reboque Gliger tug version

Specification

See also

References

Bibliography

External links
 .

1990s Brazilian sport aircraft
Motor gliders
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1997
August Friedrich Horstmann. August Friedrich Horstmann (20 November 1842 – 8 October 1929) was a German physical chemist who contributed to a thermodynamic understanding of chemical reactions and equilibria. His mathematical approach published in 1873 was largely overshadowed by the independent and identical findings of Josiah Willard Gibbs made about three years later.

Horstmann was born in Mannheim where his parents Georg Friedrich and Charlotte Friederike née Köhler ran a grocery business. He went to the Lycaeum and dropped out of high school due to short-sight and worked with his father. After three years he decided to study again and went to Heidelberg in 1862 where he attended chemistry classes under Emil Erlenmeyer. In 1865 he received a doctorate and went to study in Zurich under Johannes Wislicenus and Rudolf Clausius followed in 1866 with studies at Bonn with Hans Heinrich Landolt. He examined molecular weight and specific gravity of liquids. He became an associate professor in 1870 but short sight was still a problem and few students joined him. His major work was on the application of the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibria.

Horstmann married Clothilde Henriette Gernandt (1844–1921) in 1873 and they had five children. He went blind in 1902.

References

External links 
 Abhandlungen zur Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgänge (1903)

1842 births
1929 deaths
Physical chemists
People from Mannheim
Polonium sulfide. Polonium sulfide is an inorganic compound of polonium and sulfur with the chemical formula PoS. The compound is radioactive and forms black crystals.

Synthesis
1. Passing hydrogen sulfide through an acidic solution of a polonium(II) salt:

2. Reaction of ammonium sulfide aqueous solution with polonium(II) hydroxide:

Physical properties
Polonium sulfide forms black solid crystals, insoluble in water, ammonium sulfide, ethanol, acetone, or toluene.

Chemical properties
Polonium sulfide has strong reducing properties and can be oxidized by chlorine water, bromine water, sodium hypochlorite, and aqua regia. Polonium sulfide is also unstable to heating. It decomposes into elemental polonium and elemental sulfur when heated to 274.85°C in a vacuum:

Reacts with concentrated acids:

Applications
Used in the isolation and purification of polonium.

References

Polonium compounds
Monosulfides
List of firsts in Thailand. This is a list of firsts in Thailand.

Education 

 First University: Chulalongkorn University, founded in 1917.
 First private school: Bangkok Christian College, founded in 1852.
 First public secondary school: Suankularb Wittayalai School, founded in 1882.
 First textbook of the Thai language: Chindamani, Written during King Narai's reign (1656-1688).

Energy 

 First multi-purpose hydroelectric dam: Bhumibol Dam, finished in 1964.
 First time electricity was generated in Thailand: Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall, 1884

Exploration 
 First Thai to reach the peak of Mount Everest: Withitnan Rojanapanich, 2008.
 First Thai to reach Antarctica: Princess Sirindhorn, 1993

Military 

 First submarines in the Royal Siamese Navy: Matchanu-class submarine, all 4 ships are commissioned in 1938.
 First aircraft carrier in the Royal Thai Navy: HTMS Chakri Naruebet, commissioned in 1997.

Politics and government 
 First major Tai kingdom: Sukhothai Kingdom: 1238–1438
First monarch of the Chakri Dynasty: Rama I: 6 April, 1782 – 7 September, 1809.

 First Prime Minister: Phraya Manopakorn Nititada: 28 June, 1932- 20 June, 1933.
 First female Prime Minister: Yingluck Shinawatra: 5 August, 2011- 7 May, 2014.
First political party: Progressive Party, founded in 1945.
 First successful coup against the constitutional government: 1933 Siamese coup d'état, 1933.
First and only naval officer to serve as prime minister: Thawan Thamrongnawasawat, 1946.

Sports

Olympics 
 First Olympic games where Thailand participated: 1952 Summer Olympics, 1952.
First Thai Olympic medalist: Payao Poontarat (Boxing), Also the first Thai bronze Olympic medalist, 1976.
 First Thai gold Olympic Medalist: Somluck Kamsing (Boxing), 1996
 First Thai silver Olympic Medalist: Dhawee Umponmaha (Boxing), 1984.

Asian Games 
 First Asian Games held in Thailand: 1966 Asian Games, 1966.

Transportation 

 First road built using modern construction methods: Chaoroen Krung road, opened in 1864.
 First railway line, first electric railway service: Paknam Railway, established in 1893, electrified in 1959
 First airport: Don Mueng International Airport, opened in 1914. Also regarded as the oldest airport in Asia.
 First car imported to Thailand: Imported by the royal family, 1900s.
First flight demonstration in Siam: Henry Farman Biplane flown by Charles Van Den Born, 1911 
First bridge across the lower Mekong, First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge, opened in 1994.

Others 
 First zoo: Dusit zoo, Bangkok, opened in 1938.
First national park: Khao Yai National Park, established in 1962.
 First coastal national park of Thailand: Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, established in 1966.

See also 
 List of records of Thailand

References 

Thailand
Firsts
Giovanni Molari. Giovanni Molari (born 11 October 1973) is an Italian engineer and academic, whose research has focused on mechanised agriculture and livestock machinery. He has served as rector of the University of Bologna since 1 November 2021.

Biography and education 
Molari graduated in mechanical engineering at the University of Bologna in October 1998, with the academic supervision of Francesco Profumo (who would later be appointed Italy's Minister of Education in the Monti Cabinet). Two months later, in December 1998, he qualified as a professional engineer.

In 2003 he earned a PhD in materials engineering at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, combining his studies with his work as a university researcher. In 2010 he became associate professor in the Department of Agri-food Sciences and Technologies at the University of Bologna. He was later promoted to the post of director in 2018. In 2016 he became full professor of agricultural mechanics at the University of Bologna.

In June 2021 Molari was elected rector of the University of Bologna. His tenure is set to expire in 2027.

He is criticized for his support to Israel during the ongoing Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present).

Research 
His scientific activity has mainly related to the design and experimental verification of the reliability of agricultural tractors, machines for livestock farming, and the use of biomass and other agricultural machines.

References

External links
Biography on the University of Bologna website

1973 births
Living people
University of Bologna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bologna
Superposition Benchmark. Superposition Benchmark is a benchmarking software based on the UNIGINE Engine. The benchmark was developed and published by UNIGINE Company in 2017. The main purpose of software is performance and stability testing for GPUs. Users can choose a workload preset, Low to Extreme, or set the parameters by custom. The benchmark 3D scene is an office of a fictional genius scientist from the middle of the 20th century. The scene is GPU-intensive because of SSRTGI (Screen-Space Ray-Traced Global Illumination), proprietary dynamic lighting technology by Unigine.

Superposition and other benchmarks by Unigine are often used by hardware reviewers to measure graphics performance (PCMag, Digital Trends, Lifewire and others) and by overclockers for online and offline competitions in GPU overclocking. Running Superposition (or another) benchmark by Unigine produces a performance score: the higher the numbers, the better the performance. Users can compare different configurations in the online leaderboards.

Technological features 

 Visuals powered by UNIGINE 2 Engine
 Support for Windows 7 SP1 x64, Windows 8 x64, Windows 10 x64, Linux x64, macOS
 Extreme hardware stability testing
 GPU temperature and clock monitoring
 Unique SSRTGI (Screen-Space Ray-Traced Global Illumination) dynamic lighting technology
 VR experience (Oculus Rift and HTC Vive)
 Free exploration mode with mini-games
 Over 900 interactive objects
 Global leaderboards integration

See also 

 Benchmark
 Overclocking

References 

Benchmarks (computing)
William Thomas Sugg. William Thomas Sugg (1833 – 28 February 1907) was a British gas lighting engineer.  He was trained from 1851 by his father, who had founded William Sugg and Company as a gas lighting firm in 1837.  After his father's 1860 death Sugg took over the family firm.  He had success in producing Christiana gas lights and a gas-powered version of the Argand lamp.  Sugg also produced gas-powered stoves, fires and photometers.  Under him William Sugg and Company became the most important manufacturer of gaslights in the world.

Biography 

Sugg was born in 1833.  His father, also William Sugg, was a gas engineer and had, in 1837, founded William Sugg and Company.  Sugg trained with his father from 1851 and took over the business upon his father's death in 1860.  Under the younger Sugg the company grew to become the most important manufacturer of gaslights in the world.  He developed his father's small firm into a large limited liability company.  Sugg remained at the head of the firm and actively involved in its running until his death.

Sugg had a significant influence in the field of gas lighting for 50 years.  His Christiana gas light came in for particular praise.  He also produced regenerative burners, incandescent gas lights, gas cooking stoves and gas fires.  Sugg developed photometers which were used to check the quality of gas supplies, in accordance with statutory law.  Sugg's version of a gas-powered Argand lamp was widely used in London and was chosen as the standard burner for gas-supply testing by the London Gas Referees.  It was Sugg's firm that installed the lighting, some 200 lamps, for London's Tower Bridge (completed 1894).

Sugg was a member of the British Association of Gas Managers, the Gas Institute and the Institution of Gas Engineers and contributed prolifically to their journals.  He was awarded a Telford Premium by the Institution of Gas Engineers for an 1876 paper on estimating the illumination power of coal gas.  He was elected an associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 6 May 1862. Sugg died on 28 February 1907 at Morningside in Clapham Park.

External links 
Biography hosted on William Sugg & Co website

References 

1833 births
1907 deaths
British engineers
British businesspeople
Yttrium iodide. Yttrium iodide is a binary inorganic compound, a salt of yttrium and hydroiodic acid with the formula . The compound forms colorless crystals, soluble in water.

Synthesis
1. Heating yttrium and iodine in an inert atmosphere:

2. Heating yttrium oxide with ammonium iodide:

It can also be obtained by reacting yttrium oxide or yttrium hydroxide with hydroiodic acid.

Physical properties
Yttrium iodide forms colorless flaky crystals. The crystal structure is that of the  structure type.

It dissolves well in water and ethanol. Does not dissolve in diethyl ether.

It also occurs as a tri- and hexahydrate.

Applications
A precursor for YBCO superconducting materials in a lower temperature preparation.

References

Yttrium compounds
Iodides
Metal halides
Texas Instruments personal computer. Texas Instruments personal computer, TI PC, TI home computer, and similar phrases may refer to:
 TI-99/4A and TI-99/4, the first 16-bit home computers (1979–1983)
 Compact Computer 40, a small portable computer introduced in 1983
 Texas Instruments Professional Computer (TIPC or TI PC), a personal computer that used the DOS operating system but was not fully compatible with the IBM PC (1983 –  1985)
 Texas Instruments Professional Portable Computer, a contemporaneous portable version of the TI Professional Computer
Progress AI-22. The Progress AI-22 is a turbofan engine, developed by ZMKB Progress, Motor Sich JSC, KMPO and KAPO.

Development 
The AI-22 was developed in the 1990s and is designed for the Tupolev Tu-324 regional airliner.

The engine is based on a gas generator version of the DV-2 engine. It has a modular design consisting of 10 modules. Materials and special coatings of parts allow the engine to operate in various climatic conditions.

A successful start of a full-size engine was made on September 26, 2000. Further development of the engine is suspended indefinitely.

Organisation
The AI-22 is created in a cooperation of four enterprises:

ZMKB Progress is tasked with the manufacturing of external piping and cabling. It also conducts tests and performs the final assembly of the engine.
Motor Sich JSC is tasked with the manufacturing of the high-pressure compressor, combustion chamber, high-pressure turbine, air starter, air separator, start valve, air bypass valve, parts for piping, and fasteners used in the assembly of the engine.
KMPO is tasked with the manufacturing of the low-pressure compressor and fan, the low-pressure turbine, middle and rear support, transmission units, engine mountings, and oil system units.
KAPO is tasked with the manufacturing of the thrust reverser, jet nozzle, and cowlings.

Emissions
The specific emissions of the engine during the landing and takeoff cycle are as follows:
CO = 110 g/kN
HC = 12 g/kN
NOx = 45 g/kN
SN = 20 g/kN

Applications 
Tupolev Tu-324 (proposed) 
Yakovlev Yak-48 (proposed)

Specifications (AI-22)

See also

References 

Ivchenko-Progress aircraft engines
2000s turbofan engines
IPE 06 Curucaca. 

The IPE 06 Curucaca (Brazilian name for the Buff-necked ibis bird) is a light aircraft built by the Brazilian manufacturer IPE Aeronaves.

Design and development
In January 1990, the IPE 06 Curucaca, developed by IPE, flew for the first time. The aircraft is a two-seat truncated shoulder-wing aircraft and consists of a steel-tube fuselage covered with plastic fabric. Tandem seat, which can be entered through a door mounted on the right. The aircraft has a conventional tail unit and a non-retractable tailwheel landing gear.

IPE planned a towplane based on the IPE 06 under the designation IPE 07, which was to be lighter and more economical than the Paulistinha used by the aeroclubs. Using the structurally reinforced fuselage of the IPE 06, it was to be equipped with more powerful engines of 130 to 150 hp. For financial reasons, the project did not get beyond the initial planning stage.

An US-American investor provided funds in the early 2000s to allow IPE to return to aircraft manufacturing. The result was the IPE 06A, a significantly revised variant of the Curucaca with STOL capabilities.

Variants
IPE 06U A single-seat ultralight aircraft. Eight were built. 
IPE 06A A two-seat trimmed high-wing monoplane. The wings are planked with aluminum and the fuselage is partially clad with composite materials. The aircraft is powered by either a Lycoming O-235-C with 85 kW or an Lycoming O-360-A with 133 kW.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
A photo of the IPE 06 Curucaca

Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1990
1990s Brazilian civil utility aircraft
Precision Boat Works. Precision Boat Works, Inc. is an American boat builder, initially based in Palmetto, Florida and now in Sarasota, Florida. From 1978 until 2018, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats, but today just produces parts for their existing fleet.

The company was founded by brothers Richard and Bill Porter in 1978.

History

The first design produced was the Uffa Fox and George O'Day-designed Day Sailer, as well as the Seaforth 24.

Many of the company's boats were designed by naval architect Jim Taylor of Marblehead, Massachusetts, a designer known for his America's Cup competition boats.

By 2018 the company was producing six designs, the Precision 15, 165, 18, 185, 21 and the 23. After a production run of nearly 5,000 boats, the Porters decided to retire in August 2018. Bill Porter continued making parts for the existing boat fleet and moved the parts business to Sarasota, Florida.

Author Steve Henkel praised the quality of construction of the company's boats in his 2010 book, The Sailor's Book of Small Cruising Sailboats, calling it "well above average", but noted that the company made many essential parts, like boom vangs optional. He wrote that the company has "solid construction ... good and caring customer service, and a well-satisfied and loyal owner group."

Boats 

Summary of boats built by Precision Boat Works:

Day Sailer - 1978
Seaforth 24 - 1978
Precision 18 - 1984
Precision 13 - 1985
Precision 14 - 1985
Precision 16 - 1985
Precision 21 - 1986
Precision 23 - 1986
Precision 27 - 1989
11 Meter - 1990
Precision 15 - 1995
Precision 15 CB - 1995
Precision 165 - 1995
Colgate 26 - 1996
Precision 28 - 1997
Precision 185 - 2001
Precision 185 CB - 2001
Transit 380 - 2005

See also
List of sailboat designers and manufacturers

References

External links

Precision Boat Works
Flyer F600 NG. 

The Flyer F600 NG is an ultralight aircraft from the Brazilian manufacturer Flyer Industria Aeronáutica, Eireli.

Design and development
The Flyer F600 NG is a modern further development of the Kolb Flyer developed by the US-American Homer Kolb in the 1970s, the beginning of ultralight aviation, as well as the Flyer GT which emerged from it and was built by the company in about 750 copies. 

The aircraft is designed as a strutted shoulder-wing with a conventional tail unit and has a fixed nose wheel landing gear. The cabin, with two tandem seat, can be entered through side doors.

Specifications

References

External links
Photo

Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2016
2010s Brazilian ultralight aircraft
Kuo-Chu Chang. Kuo-Chu Chang is an electrical engineer.

Chang completed his master's degree in electrical engineering in 1983 and his doctorate in the same subject in 1986, both at the University of Connecticut. After obtaining his master's, Chang began working as a senior research scientist for Booz Allen Hamilton. He left Booz Allen in 1992 for a faculty position at George Mason University. He has edited the Tracking/Navigation Systems (1993–1996) and the Large Scale Systems (1996–2006) sections of the IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, and served as associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2002–2007). He is affiliated with GMU's Institute for Digital Innovation and the Volgenau School of Engineering. Chang was elected a fellow of the IEEE in 2010.

References

Living people
American electrical engineers
University of Connecticut alumni
George Mason University faculty
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
Booz Allen Hamilton people
Year of birth missing (living people)
David Pitchforth. David John Pitchforth (born 21 April 1965 in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire) is an English engineer, and former managing director Jaguar Racing Formula One team.

Career
Pitchforth is an alumnus of the Huddersfield Polytechnic. Before he graduated, he had worked for a turbocharger company called Schwitzer Europe, Ltd. in 1981. Then he was appointed as a technical applications engineer, before finally concentrating more on the turbocharger and automobile cooling systems.

In 1994, he worked for Schwitzer AS, as head of design and application for engine cooling fans, fan drives, data validity, as well as operational wind tunnels and other test rigs.

In 1997, he was appointed as General Manager (GM) of the Auto Research Center (ARC). He handles design, construction, and runs Reynard Motorsports R&D facilities in the US, as well as a seven-post rig wind tunnel.

In 2000, he was appointed as managing director of ARC Reynard Motorsport. His job was to handle Reynard's test facilities and the engineering consulting business.

In 2002, he was employed by Ford Motor Company to become the managing director of the Jaguar Racing Formula 1 team. This position lasted until February 2005, when the team was bought by Red Bull.

References

1965 births
Living people
Formula One engineers
Jaguar in Formula One
Wang Dazhong. Wang Dazhong (; born 2 March 1935) is a Chinese nuclear reactor engineer who was president of Tsinghua University, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Biography 
Wang was born in Changli County, Hebei, on 2 March 1935. during the Republic of China. After graduating from Tianjin Nankai High School in 1953, he enrolled in Tsinghua University, where he majored in nuclear reactor. After university, he stayed at the university and worked in the Nuclear Energy Institute. In 1980, he pursued advanced studies in Federal Germany, earning a doctor's degree from RWTH Aachen University in 1982.

He returned to China in October 1982 and continued to work at Tsinghua University as deputy director of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He moved up the ranks to become its president in 1994, a position at vice-ministerial level.

Contributions
Wang participated in the construction of the shielding test reactor "No. 200" with a power of 2000 kW, which is the first nuclear reactor independently designed and built in China. In 1985, he decided to choose the route of shell integrated natural circulation water-cooled reactor and planned to build a 5 MW low-temperature nuclear heating reactor, which is the first integrated natural circulation water-cooled reactor in the world. In 1995, he presided over the construction of "Tsinghua No. 200" 10MW high temperature gas cooled experimental reactor, which is the world's first modular spherical bed high temperature gas cooled reactor and marks that China has mastered the key core technology of modular spherical bed high temperature gas cooled reactor.

Honours and awards 
 1993 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
 3 November 2021 Highest Science and Technology Award

References 

1935 births
Living people
Engineers from Hebei
Tsinghua University alumni
RWTH Aachen University alumni
Presidents of Tsinghua University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
People from Qinhuangdao
Highest Science and Technology Award winners
Journal of Transportation Engineering. Journal of Transportation Engineering was a journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Prior to 1968, it was known as Journal of the Highway Division, and from 1968 to 1982 it was known as the Transportation Engineering Journal of ASCE, taking the current name in 1983. In 2017 it split into
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems
Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements

American Society of Civil Engineers academic journals
Transportation journals
English-language journals
Publications with year of establishment missing