omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ibis GS-700 Magic. The Ibis GS-700 Magic is a Colombian ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by Ibis Aircraft of Cali, introduced in 2003. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Magic was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules and US light-sport aircraft rules, with different models for each category. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The Magic strongly resembles the Cessna 150.

The aircraft is made from sheet 6061-T6 aluminum. Its  span wing has an area of  and mounts flaps. The standard engine available is the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant. The Magic was designed to use rough, unimproved airstrips.

A total of 102 Magics of all versions had been built by May 2011.

Variants

GS-700
Base model for the Latin American market with a  gross weight and optional Junkers ailerons and leading edge slats. It was Australian RA-Aus certified on 16 April 2009 at  gross weight.
GS-700 LSA
Model for the US LSA category with a  gross weight.
GS-700 ULM (also called LV)
Model for the European microlight category with a  gross weight.

Specifications (GS-700 LSA)

References

External links

2000s Colombian civil utility aircraft
2000s Colombian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
GS-700
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Gadolinium oxyorthosilicate. Gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (known as GSO) is a type of scintillating inorganic crystal used for imaging in nuclear medicine and for calorimetry in particle physics.

The formula is Gd2SiO5. Its main properties are shown below:

References 

Crystals
Gadolinium compounds
Phosphors and scintillators
Silicates
Fariba Fahroo. Fariba Fahroo is an American Persian mathematician, a program manager at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and a former program manager at the Defense Sciences Office. Along with I. M. Ross, she has published papers in pseudospectral optimal control theory.

The Ross–Fahroo lemma and the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral method are named after her. In 2010, she received (jointly with Ross), the AIAA Mechanics and Control of Flight Award for fundamental contributions to flight mechanics.

In 2019, she was named a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics "for outstanding scientific leadership while managing AFOSR and DARPA programs in dynamics and control and computational mathematics and fundamental research accomplishments in computational optimal control". She was named to the 2021 class of Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

See also
Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods
Ross–Fahroo lemma
Flat pseudospectral methods

Selected publications

References

Numerical analysts
21st-century American mathematicians
Living people
American people of Iranian descent
21st-century American women mathematicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Superior Aviation Beijing. Superior Aviation Beijing is a Chinese aircraft manufacturer.

Superior was initially formed as Qingdao Haili Helicopter Co and Qingdao Brantly Investment Group, a private venture that purchased the Brantly International rights and tooling to manufacture a UAV in China.

Superior Aviation was formed in 2010 with the purchase of the American aircraft part manufacturer, Superior Air Parts. It is 60% owned by Chairman Cheng Shenzong, and 40% owned by Beijing E-Town International Investment & Development Co., Ltd., an economic development agency of the Beijing municipal government.

In July 2012, Superior entered a contract to takeover the assets of Hawker Beechcraft pending approval. The deal did not include the Hawker Beechcraft Defense Company subsidiary. On 18 October 2012 multiple sources reported that the negotiations for the takeover had failed. Euan Rocha and Stuart Grudgings writing for Reuters reported that the CEO of Hawker Beechcraft, Steve Miller, had attributed the failure to "China-bashing by U.S. presidential candidates may have contributed to failure of the talks" although an article in that Wall Street Journal pointed to other reasons for the failure of the negotiations, including national security concerns as "the company's defense operations were integrated with its civilian businesses that proved difficult to untangle", and legal complications, as "advisers in the U.S. had trouble negotiating with Chinese representatives unfamiliar with U.S. finance and bankruptcy law." A press release from Hawker Beechcraft ascribing the failure to the fact that, "the proposed transaction with Superior could not be completed on terms acceptable to the company." Textron Aviation eventually bought Hawker Beechcraft in 2014.

The company owns Superior Air Parts, Brantly International, Qingdao Brantly Investment Group, Weifang Freesky Aviation Industry and Qingdao Haili Helicopter Manufacturing.

References

Aircraft manufacturers of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Chinese companies established in 2010
Manufacturing companies established in 2010
Solar power in Somalia. Solar power in Somalia is, in 2012, being considered for development in the near future. Two items that are being made available in seven other African countries in the "Light Years Ahead" program that are being considered are solar lanterns and solar street lights. India has a very successful solar lamp program. A solar lamp costs about the same as a few months of kerosene for a kerosene lamp, and provides many years of light.

Most of the energy in Somalia is from charcoal and wood, and 90% of the country does not have access to electricity.

See also
Deployment of solar power to energy grids
List of renewable energy topics by country

References

External links
Energy Profile of Somalia
Somalia : Energy Profile
Micro-compounding. Micro-compounding is the mixing or processing of polymer formulations in the melt on a small scale, typically milliliters. It is popular for research and development because it gives faster, more reliable results with smaller samples and less cost. Its applications include pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nutritional areas.

Design

Micro-compounding is typically performed with a tabletop, twin screw micro-compounder, or micro-extruder with a working volume of 5 or 15 milliliters. With such small volumes, it is difficult to have sufficient mixing in a continuous extruder. Therefore, micro-compounders typically have a batch mode (recirculation) and a conical shape. 

The L/D of a continuous twin screw extruder is mimicked in a batch micro-compounder by the recirculation mixing time, which is controlled by a manual valve. With this valve, the recirculation can be interrupted to unload the formulation in either a strand or an injection moulder, a film device or a fiber line. Typical recirculation times are one to three minutes, depending on the ease of dispersive and distributive mixing of the formulation.

Benefits

Micro-compounding can now produce films, fibers, and test samples (rods, rings, tablets) from mixtures as small as 5 ml in less than ten minutes. The small footprint requires less lab space than for a parallel twin screw extruder. One micro-extruder, developed to test whether drug delivery enabled improved bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs or the sustained release of active ingredients show or require sensitive and water destroying invasives.

References

Polymer chemistry
Chemical processes
SmartPTT. SmartPTT is a DMR software application developed by Elcomplus Company for MOTOTRBO Professional Digital Two-Way Radio Platform from Motorola.

SmartPTT enables the construction of complex dispatch control systems for
Linear-extended objects: oil and gas pipelines, electrical grids, highways, railways, etc.
Geographically distributed objects: emergency services, municipalities, public transport, security services, etc.
Local objects: manufacturing plants, airports, supermarkets, hotels, etc.

Features
Voice dispatch: private and group calls to radio subscribers
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL): real-time GPS tracking of subscribers
Telephone interconnect: dialing telephone number from a radio, private and group radio calls from telephone
Radio network bridging: communication between customers located in different networks
Data transmission: text messaging, subscriber status control, email gateway, telemetry
Data and voice logging: logging of all events in the system and voice calls recording
Real-time monitoring of MOTOTRBO infrastructure: voice and data activity, network topology, coverage map, hardware diagnostics

Components
SmartPTT software consists of SmartPTT Dispatch Console and SmartPTT Radioserver.
SmartPTT Dispatch Console is a client software application that is installed on a PC. The PC is connected to radioservers over the Internet or dedicated IP-channels and can be located at any distance from the controlled networks.
SmartPTT Radioserver provides an interface between radio network subscribers and dispatch consoles, and also implements some functionality of the system: interface to radio network via base stations or via IP-connection to the radio repeaters, telephone interconnect, email gateway, configurable operator profiles to limit their access to the system.

Users
Mobile subscribers use MOTOTRBO radios and get access to the radio network system within its coverage area.
Dispatchers use advanced features and capabilities, e.g. communication with mobile subscribers, as well as monitoring of their activity. Dispatchers have access to the system using the dispatcher console and they are responsible for management and maintenance of the whole communication system.
Heads of departments have access to analytical information.

See also
Professional mobile radio
Digital mobile radio
Computer-aided dispatch
Radio repeater
Base station
Two-way radio
Trunked radio system

References

External links
ElcomSPTT

Radio communications
Arboform. Arboform (from  meaning tree) is a trade name for a bioplastic composed of three natural components: lignin, cellulose fibers and some additives. As a thermoplastic, it can be molded and is therefore also called 'liquid wood'.

History
Arboform was developed in 1960 by Helmut Nägele and Jürgen Pfitzer at the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology. In 1998, they founded a spin-off company Tecnaro, and already in 2002, the company produced about 300 tonnes of Arboform and was selling it at a price of about $9.5/kg. In 2009, Nägele and Pfitzer received the European Inventor Award for their work on Arboform.

Composition and properties
Arboform consists of the two most abundant natural materials: lignin (ca. 30%) and cellulose (ca. 60%). The remaining part is natural additives that function as plasticizers, dyes, antioxidants, fillers, etc. It has a similar composition, appearance and properties to those of wood, but it can be melted upon heating and molded like a thermoplastic. It has been designed to
contain no synthetic phases
have mechanical porporties similar to those of polyamide
be thermally stable up to 95 °C
be moldable at temperatures below 160 °C.

When the amount of cellulose in Arboform is increased from 30 to 60%, its tensile strength increases from 9.5 to 14.5 N/mm2 and bending stress increases from ca. 23 to 39 N/mm2, while the indentation hardness and impact strength remain almost constant at ca. 135 N/mm2 and 3.2 mJ/mm2, respectively. Other typical properties of Arboform are: thermal conductivity 0.38 W/(m·K), electrical resistivity ~5 GOhm, water content 2–8%.

Synthesis
Arboform is typically sold as pea-sized granules of various colors. Their production method differs from those used for synthetic polymers in that it avoids excessive thermal stresses and overheating that can degrade the natural components of Arboform. The granules can then be molded into desired shapes, e.g. a wrist watch frame, using injection molding at temperatures of 150–170 °C. After molding, the material has a density of about 1.4 g/cm3. It can be sawed, burned and disposed of in ways similar to those for wood, i.e. it is a biodegradable material.

References

Bibliography

Bioplastics
Teledyne CARIS. Teledyne CARIS, A business unit of Teledyne Digital Imaging, Inc. is a Canadian software company that develops and supports geomatics software for marine and land applications.  The company is headquartered in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. CARIS also has offices in the Netherlands, the United States and Australia, and has re-sellers offering sales and support of software products to more than 75 countries.

History 
The company was founded in Fredericton in 1979 as Universal Systems Ltd. and was a spin-off from research into data structures and computer-aided cartography at the University of New Brunswick's Department of Survey Engineering (now the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering).  The company's first commercial software product was called "CARIS" whose acronym stood for "Computer Aided Resource Information System". The company name was changed from Universal Systems Ltd. to CARIS in the early 2000s in recognition of this first product and recognized brand.  CARIS was wholly acquired on May 3, 2016, by international conglomerate Teledyne Technologies and renamed "Teledyne CARIS."

Products 
Teledyne CARIS Inc. provides Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and related software for terrestrial applications such as land management, municipal planning and geology, as well as marine and hydrographic applications.  The marine and hydrographic software is designed to handle the hydrographic workflow from the time sensor data is recorded through to its inclusion in a nautical chart or other GIS product.  The company terms this the "Ping-to-Chart" workflow and has trademarked the term "Ping-to-Chart".

A CARIS Spatial Archive, often referred to as a CSAR file, is a data storage mechanism designed for storing large amounts of bathymetric data.

Standards work 
Teledyne CARIS Inc. is a member of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and is a proponent of interoperability between different GIS systems. It markets its own GIS server which implements several OGC specifications, including Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS).

Through liaisons with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), and with the hydrographic community, Teledyne CARIS Inc. has been closely involved in the development of the S-57, S-100, and other IHO standards.  The company has also participated in the development, implementation, production and usage of electronic chart specifications such as Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) and Digital Nautical Chart (DNC).

References

External links
 www.caris.com - official website

Software companies of Canada
Companies based in Fredericton
GIS software
Teledyne Technologies
Canadian companies established in 1979
Software companies established in 1979
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Sky Research. Sky Research was an international unexploded ordnance detection company located primarily in the United States. It was established in 1995 by Sky (who uses a single name) and his wife Anne Sky. In October 2011, it was awarded a $9.4 million contract by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for the development of the Military Munitions Response Program.

In 2009 Sky Research was recognized as a laureate in the Computerworld Honors program. Sky Research scientists received Project of the Year awards from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program in 2010 and again in 2011.

Since 2012, Sky Research was under investigation related to corruption and bribery of a federal official. The bribery investigation found Sky Research had provided a federal contract officer with vacations, food, alcohol and sexual encounters with attractive female office assistants, whom were explicitly hired for this purpose, in exchange for rigging contracts and signing off on fraudulent expense claims to the government. In 2016 Sky pleaded guilty to conspiracy.

Sky Research also assisted in the location and removal of World War II munitions in Puget Sound.

Sky Research had locations in:
 Ashland, OR
 Boston, MA
 Denver, CO
 Hanover, NH

References

Bomb disposal
Icarus F99 Rambo. The Icarus F99 Rambo is a Romanian ultralight aircraft, designed by Mr Fendrihan and produced by Romaero S.A of Bucharest under subcontract to the Icarus Foundation, also of Bucharest. The foundation is a sporting and cultural institution that promotes aviation in Romania. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Romanian microlight rules and also the Canadian AULA rules. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum sheet. Its  span wing has an area of  and flaps. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912UL and the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplants.

Specifications (F99 Rambo)

References

External links

Romanian Icarus F99 Rambo video

2000s Romanian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Omaha Bolt, Nut and Screw Building. The Omaha Bolt, Nut and Screw Building is a warehouse building at in Omaha, Nebraska, that was built in 1889.  It was designed by architect Henry Voss for the Omaha Bolt, Nut & Screw Company, a hardware distributor based in Omaha.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 as part of a multiple property submission with other warehouses in Omaha that were part of an economically important "wholesale jobbing" industry that sprang up, taking advantage of Omaha's location and transportation links.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Romanesque Revival architecture in Nebraska
Commercial buildings completed in 1889
Buildings and structures in Omaha, Nebraska
Warehouses in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Omaha, Nebraska
CmapTools. CmapTools is concept mapping software developed by the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC). It allows users to easily create graphical nodes representing concepts, and to connect nodes using lines and linking words to form a network of interrelated propositions that represent knowledge of a topic. The software has been used in classrooms and research labs, and in corporate training.

Use  

The various uses of concept maps are supported by CmapTools.

Multiple links can be added to each concept to form a dynamic map that opens web pages or local documents; The links added receive a category chosen by the user on the provided list of types, to help with organization, some categories are: URLs; Documents; Images; and so on. Each link will be disposed accordingly with the category set by the user. The links are stacked by each category type under the chosen concept form (like show on the image sideway).

Even other concept maps can be linked to concepts letting the user construct a strong navigation tool.

Multiple maps connected can form a knowledge base, for example of a company structure, repository of standards, personal contacts and other important general information.

References

External links 
 

Graph drawing software
Concept mapping software
Mind-mapping software
Concept- and mind-mapping software programmed in Java
HPP model. The Hardy–Pomeau–Pazzis (HPP) model is a fundamental lattice gas automaton for the simulation of gases and liquids. It was a precursor to the lattice Boltzmann methods. From lattice gas automata, it is possible to derive the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations. Interest in lattice gas automaton methods levelled off in the early 1990s, due to rising interest in the lattice Boltzmann methods.

It was first introduced in papers published in 1973 and 1976 by Jean Hardy, Yves Pomeau and Olivier de Pazzis, whose initials give the model its name. The model can be used as a simple model for both the movement of gases and fluid.

Model 
In this model, the lattice takes the form of a two-dimensional square grid, with particles capable of moving to any of the four adjacent grid points which share a common edge, and particles cannot move diagonally. This means each grid point can only have one of sixteen possible interactions.

 Particles exist only on the grid points, never on the edges or surface of the lattice.
 Each particle has an associated direction (from one grid point to another immediately adjacent grid point).
 Each lattice grid cell can only contain a maximum of one particle for each direction, i.e., contain a total of between zero and four particles.

The following rules also govern the model:
 A single particle moves in a fixed direction until it experiences a collision.
 Two particles experiencing a head-on collision are deflected perpendicularly.
 Two particles experience a collision which isn't head-on simply pass through each other and continue in the same direction.
 Optionally, when a particles collides with the edges of a lattice it can rebound.

The HPP models follows a two-stage update process.

Collision step 

In this step, the above rules 2., 3., and 4. are checked and applied if any collisions have occurred. This results in head-on collision particles changing direction, pass-through collisions continuing unchanged, or non-colliding particles simple remaining the same.

Transport step 

The second step consists of each particle moving one lattice step in the direction they are currently travelling, which could have been changed by the above Collision Step.

Formal definition 
The model operates on an infinite two-dimensional square lattice, where four unit vectors are associated with the following numbers: .

Let  be an allowed configuration. The function  checks for the existence of a particle with a certain velocity, while  does the opposite:

The successor  of the configuration  can be calculated using the formulas form the original paper:

Shortcomings 
The model is badly flawed, as momentum is always conserved in both the horizontal and vertical lanes. No energy is ever removed from the model, either by collisions or movement, so it will continue indefinitely.

The HPP model lacked rotational invariance, which made the model highly anisotropic. This means for example, that the vortices produced by the HPP model are square-shaped.

Notes

References
 (Chapter 2 on Lattice gas Cellular Automata)

Computational fluid dynamics
LFER solvent coefficients (data page). This page provides supplementary data and solvent coefficients for linear free-energy relationships.

Partition between water and organic solvents
The LFER used to obtain partition coefficients that uses the systems below takes the form log Ps = c + eE + sS + aA + bB + vV

Partition between gas phase and organic solvents
The LFER used to obtain partition coefficients that uses the systems below takes the form log Ks = c + eE + sS + aA + bB + lL

References

Physical organic chemistry
Chemical data pages cleanup
Chemical data pages