omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cubane-type cluster. A cubane-type cluster is an arrangement of atoms in a molecular structure that forms a cube. In the idealized case, the eight vertices are symmetry equivalent and the species has Oh symmetry. Such a structure is illustrated by the hydrocarbon cubane. With chemical formula , cubane has carbon atoms at the corners of a cube and covalent bonds forming the edges. Most cubanes have more complicated structures, usually with nonequivalent vertices. They may be simple covalent compounds or macromolecular or supramolecular cluster compounds.

Examples
Other compounds having different elements in the corners, various atoms or groups bonded to the corners are all part of this class of structures.
Inorganic cubane-type clusters include selenium tetrachloride, tellurium tetrachloride, and sodium silox.

Cubane clusters are common throughout bioinorganic chemistry. Ferredoxins containing [Fe4S4] iron–sulfur clusters are pervasive in nature. The four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms form an alternating arrangement at the corners. The whole cluster is typically anchored by coordination of the iron atoms, usually with cysteine residues. In this way, each Fe center achieves tetrahedral coordination geometry. Some [Fe4S4] clusters arise via dimerization of square-shaped [Fe2S2] precursors. Many synthetic analogues are known including heterometallic derivatives.

Several alkyllithium compounds exist as clusters in solution, typically tetramers, with the formula [RLi]4. Examples include methyllithium and tert-butyllithium. The individual RLi molecules are not observed. The four lithium atoms and the carbon from each alkyl group bonded to them occupy alternating vertices of the cube, with the additional atoms of the alkyl groups projecting off their respective corners.

Octaazacubane is a hypothetical allotrope of nitrogen with formula N8; the nitrogen atoms are the corners of the cube. Like the carbon-based cubane compounds, octaazacubane is predicted to be highly unstable due to angle strain at the corners, and it also does not enjoy the kinetic stability seen for its organic analogues.

References

Molecular geometry
Seletar Bus Depot. Seletar Bus Depot, formerly named Sungei Seletar Bus Depot, is the third bus depot to be built by the Land Transport Authority in Singapore. It is located off Yio Chu Kang Road and houses 29 routes under the Seletar Bus Package.

Completed in 2017, the new bus depot is able to accommodate about 500 buses and be equipped with facilities for daily bus operations, bus maintenance and a rest area for bus drivers. An access road (Yio Chu Kang Crescent) was built to serve the depot. The depot was officially opened by Minister for Transport Khaw Boon Wan on 27 January 2018.

History
On 7 June 2016, the Land Transport Authority called for tenders to operate 26 routes based at Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange, Yio Chu Kang Bus Interchange, and Yishun Bus Interchange out of the new depot as part of its new contracting model. The bus services will be operated by the successful tenderer for a service term of five years, with a possible two-year extension based on good performance. On 19 April 2017, the Land Transport Authority awarded the bus package to SBS Transit.

SBS Transit took over the services in the bus package in three tranches in March 2018, as SBS Transit was already operating about half of the bus services. More services will also be transferred to Seletar Bus Depot with the closure of Ang Mo Kio Bus Depot from 14 December 2024, and SMRT has ended the tenancy.

References

Bus garages
Bus stations in Singapore
2018 establishments in Singapore
Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology. Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad is a UGC Auotonmous Engineering College affiliated to JNTUH,  Hyderabad offering engineering and MBA programmes is located in Hyderabad, India. Founded in 2004 by Dr. N. Goutham Rao, Dr  G. Manohar Reddy and Dr. K.K.V. Sharma. The college is situated at Ghatkesar. It has an annual intake of over 1400 students.

Academics
The college offers 6 B.Tech Programs: Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Information Technology and Civil Engineering. The Post Graduate M.Tech programs include Communication System, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical Power Systems, Embedded Systems, CAD/CAM and Power Electronics and Drives. The college also offers a 2-year MBA Programme recognized by JNTU Hyderabad.

Departments
 Electronics and Communication Engineering
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Information Technology
 Humanities and Sciences
 Computer Science & Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering
 MBA

References

Analytical Symposium on Information Assurance was organised by VBIT in association with NASSCOM and DSCI.
VBIT student branch gets award
VBIT students successfully design windmill

External links
VBIT Hyderabad website

Universities and colleges in Hyderabad, India
Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
2004 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2004
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
M-Xylylenediamine. m-Xylylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CH2NH2)2. A colorless oily liquid, it is produced by hydrogenation of isophthalonitrile.

Uses and reactions
m-Xylylenediamine (MXDA) is used in a variety of industrial applications including amine based curing agents for epoxy resins which may then be formulated into coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.

m-Xylylenediamine undergoes the Sommelet reaction to give isophthalaldehyde.

Hazards
Exposure to m-xylylenediamine may occur by inhalation, skin contact, eye exposure, or ingestion. It can cause chemical burns, tissue damage, delayed pulmonary edema, shock, and skin sensitization. Symptoms of inhalation include a burning sensation in the respiratory tract, cough, sore throat, labored breathing, and dyspnea (shortness of breath). It is also flammable and produces toxic fumes when burned. m-Xylylenediamine reacts with acids, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.

References

External links 
  Safety Data Sheet
  Product Data

Diamines
Aromatic compounds
Monomers
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid. 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3CCl2CO2H.  It is a colorless liquid that freezes near room temperature.

Occurrence and use
Its sodium salt once was marketed under the name Dalapon as a selective herbicide used to control perennial grasses.

It is an inhibitor of some enzymes that process pyruvate.

References 

Carboxylic acids
Organochlorides
Saurabh Kumar (ambassador). Saurabh Kumar is an Indian diplomat currently serving as Ambassador of India to European Union. He was previously the Indian  Ambassador of India to Myanmar  and to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Early life and education
Saurabh Kumar was born on 1 January 1966 in Lucknow, India. He completed his schooling from La Martinière College, Lucknow. An engineer by training, he obtained his B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and M.Tech. from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.

Career
Upon completing his education, he joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1989. His first post was to the Commission of India in Hong Kong in 1991.

Between 1993 and 1998 he served as an Under Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi looking after China and Pakistan. He subsequently returned as Director of the China Desk in 2004 following stints as First Secretary in Indonesia (1998-2001) and Fiji (2001-2004). He became Deputy Chief of Mission to the Embassy of India in Beijing, China in 2007 and later became the Deputy Chief of Mission/chargé d'affaires to the Embassy of India in Rome, Italy between 2008 and 2012.

In 2012 he returned to New Delhi as Joint Secretary dealing with counter terrorism, policy planning, and research and subsequently joined the National Security Council Secretariat.

In 2015 he was appointed Ambassador of India to the Islamic Republic of Iran, a position he held until he assumed his  role of Ambassador of India to Myanmar in early 2019 and served the office till 17 November 2021. Thereafter, he served as Secretary (East) Ministry of External Affairs from December 2021 to February 2024. Currently, he is serving as ambassador of India to European Union.

Personal life
He is married to Smriti Srivastav and has two daughters, Sugandha and Sanjana. He is fluent in English, Hindi, and has knowledge of Mandarin Chinese.

References

Ambassadors of India to Myanmar
Ambassadors of India to Iran
Indian Foreign Service officers
IIT Kanpur alumni
1966 births
Living people
Chevrolet Astro I. The Chevrolet Astro I (XP-842) was a concept car created for 1967. The nose design of the Astro I was quite similar to the Mako Shark show car.

It was previously called X-1000 Corvair Super GT Low Roof Aerodynamic Coupe. It was designed at the secret Warehouse Studio, formally called Advanced-5, located off the grounds of the GM Tech Center across 12 Mile Road.

References 

Astro I
Cars introduced in 1967
Douglas 423. The Douglas Model 423 was a bomber aircraft design developed by American aircraft manufacturer Douglas to compete with the Convair B-36 design for a major U.S. Army Air Force contract for an intercontinental bomber in 1941. Although identified as the Douglas XB-31 in some publications, the project documents indicate that it was designed much later than the R40-B competition.

Development
In April 1941, the possibility of Great Britain falling to Nazi Germany seemed very real, and so the United States Army Air Corps unveiled a competition for a long-range bomber with intercontinental range (10,000 miles), making it capable of conducting air-strikes on Nazi-occupied Europe from US bases. Douglas stated that it did not wish to produce an 'out-and-out 10,000-mile (16,090 km) airplane project', instead proposing the Model 423 with a range of 6,000 miles (9,654 km). The Douglas Model 423 was eventually rejected in favor of the Consolidated Model 36, which became the Convair B-36 Peacemaker.

Specifications (Model 423)
(Note: The primary source labels this project as the XB-31, which was much smaller, earlier project, competing with the B-29 and B-32)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. .
 Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Bombers: B-1 1928 to B-1 1980s. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1974. .

External links

Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Model 423
Douglas 423
High-wing aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Estufa Fria. The Estufa Fria (; lit. "Cold Greenhouse") is a greenhouse with three distinct gardens located in Eduardo VII Park between the streets Alameda Engenheiro Edgar Cardoso and Alameda Cardeal Cerejeira in Lisbon, Portugal.

History
The Estufa Fria opened in 1933. Portuguese architect  conceived and designed the project. It was built near an old basalt mine which had been abandoned after a spring was discovered nearby. The greenhouse was remodeled concurrently with Eduardo VII Park in 1945 by Portuguese architect Francisco Keil do Amaral. The greenhouse's existing entrance porch, a lake near the entrance, and a large visitor "living room" called "the ship" or "the vessel" () were built during this time.

Expansion
In 1975 the Estufa Quente and Estufa Doce sections opened, expanding the botanical collection to include plants from tropical and equatorial regions. On 29 April 2009 the original Estufa Fria closed due to the risk of collapse of its steel structure.  It reopened in April 2011 after two years of renovation work.

Description
Measuring  in area, the Estufa Fria consists of three parts:

 Cold Greenhouse (Estufa Fria)
 Hot Greenhouse (Estufa Quente)
 Sweet Greenhouse (Estufa Doce). 

The term "cold greenhouse" comes from the original building's lack of mechanical heating; instead, wooden slats regulate sunlight and protect the plants from excessively hot or cold temperatures. The Cold Greenhouse is the largest of the three, measuring about  in area. It is home to azalea and camellia species from around the world.

The Estufa Quente occupies about  and is home to tropical species such as coffee and mangifera. The Estufa Doce contains cacti and other succulent plants, such as aloe. 

The entire greenhouse complex features small lakes, waterfalls, and sculptures. Some of the sculptures are by noted twentieth-century Portuguese sculptors, including , , and .

References

External links 

Lisbon Town Hall: Estufa Fria 

Greenhouses
Gardens in Portugal
Buildings and structures in Lisbon
Tourist attractions in Lisbon
Samuel Geoghegan. Samuel Geoghegan (1845 in Dublin – 4 September 1928) was an Irish mechanical engineer.

Life and career 
Samuel Geoghegan was in 1861, according to the English census of that year, a pupil of a schoolmaster named Richard Biggs in Devizes, Wiltshire. He was then for three years an apprentice at the engineering company Walter May & Co of Birmingham and was afterwards a draughtsman with P. and W. MacLelland, and Howden & Co of Glasgow and a fitter with Fawcett, Preston & Co of Liverpool.

In 1869 he went to Smyrna in Turkey as a mechanic and draughtsman with the Ottoman Railway, and two years later he returned to England as a fitter in the Doncaster Locomotive Works of the Great Northern Railway.

In 1871 he went to India and was engaged on the construction of a bridge two miles long over the river Chenab in the Punjab, first as assistant engineer and then as executive engineer in charge of half the bridge. Subsequently, he was for a year a district locomotive superintendent on the railway near Delhi.

In 1874 he was appointed chief engineer to Arthur Guinness & Son of Dublin, and he retained this position until 1901, when he became consulting engineer to the company. In 1880 he became a Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

In 1882 he invented and patented a lightweight steam locomotive with all moving parts high above the dirty floor to fit within a 6 ft (1.8 m) loading gauge. He invented also a Haulage Wagon by which his patented narrow gauge locomotives could be used on broad gauge track.

By 1899, he had become head of the Guinness Brewery's electrical and mechanical engineering staff. He retired on 9 July 1901, at the age of 56, but was retained as a consultant until 11 February 1905. After his retirement, he ran a private practice from 17 Westland Row.

He had married in 1876 and had five children. He died on 4 September 1928.

References 

Irish railway mechanical engineers
Irish civil engineers
Bridge engineers
Structural engineers
People of the Industrial Revolution
British railway pioneers
Irish inventors
Engineers from Dublin (city)
1845 births
1928 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Carrie Everson. Carrie Jane Everson (born Rebecca Jane Billings; 27 August 1842–3 November 1914) was an American who invented and patented processes for extracting valuable minerals from ore using froth floatation. The Mining Journal noted in 1916 that "as a metallurgist she was a quarter of a century in advance of her profession."

Life
Everson was born and educated in
Massachusetts. Everson discovered that if fats or oils are combined with an ore, the oils adhere to the metals and not the rock. On her lab bench she tested this technique with gold, copper, antimony, and arsenic ores. She was awarded two United States patents for her discoveries, US471174A and US474829A. By 1890, she had tested her process, with the help of others, at Georgetown and Silver Cliff, Colorado and at Baker, Oregon.  During this period her husband died and she returned to nursing school, a career she followed in Denver.  In 1901, a lawyer misadvised her to not renew her patents just as the flotation process was being re-discovered in England.

After her patents had expired others used her methods which she lived to appreciate if not to benefit from.

Historians are inconclusive in assessing her impact on the development of the revolutionary flotation process, but agree that gender bias hampered her ability in promoting her process.

In 1864, she married Dr. William K. Everson, a Chicago physician. Everson had two sons: John Lewis Everson  and George S. Everson (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYBD-HSB?cc=1417683 )

She was buried at Mount Tamalpais Cemetery on November 17, 1914.

References

External links
 "Rebecca 'Carrie' Jane Billings Everson, Inventor" in Autobiography of a Tramp by John Lewis Everson 

American metallurgists
Women materials scientists and engineers
1840s births
1914 deaths
Center for Computer-Aided Design. The Center for Computer-Aided Design (CCAD)  is a research center in the College of Engineering at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa. Faculty, staff, and students conduct basic and applied research in modeling and simulation in CCAD's six research units: the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS); the Operator Performance Laboratory (OPL); the Virtual Soldier Research Program (VSR); the Musculoskeletal Imaging, Modeling, and Experimentation group (MIMX); the Reliability and Sensory Prognostic Systems group (RSPS); and the BioMechanics of Soft Tissues group (BioMOST).

CCAD was founded in 1981 by Professor Edward J. Haug and is currently under the direction of Professor Karim Abdel-Malek. Notable developments at CCAD have included the Iowa Driving Simulator, the National Advanced Driving Simulator, and the virtual human Santos™.

References

Organizations based in Iowa
Scientific organizations established in 1981
Computer science organizations
1981 establishments in Iowa
Roger Reed. Roger Charles Reed  is a Professor of Engineering Science and Materials at the University of Oxford. He works at Oxford's Begbroke Science Park, and is associated with its Departments of Engineering Science and Materials. He is a Fellow at St. Anne's College, Oxford.

Education 
Reed was educated at the University of Cambridge, where he was awarded a PhD in 1990 for research on multipass steel.

Career and research

Reed has held academic positions at Imperial College London, the University of Cambridge, the University of British Columbia (UBC), where he held a Canada Research Chair.  During the period 2006 to 2012 he worked in the Dept of Metallurgy and Materials at the University of Birmingham, where he acted as Director of Research. He moved to Oxford in 2013. He holds a visiting position at the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research.

In 2017, Reed and his collaborators founded the University spin-off company OxMet Technologies Ltd  to commercialise some aspects of his research group’s efforts at the University of Oxford.

Reed's research is focused on high temperature materials and nickel-based superalloys for use in jet engines and for generating power. Reed has also researched deformation mechanisms in single crystal superalloys under various mechanical fatigue conditions; phase transitions and oxidation reactions; as well as quantitatively studying process modelling for welding and forging. His book The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications was published in 2006.

Awards and honours
Reed was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Materials in 2005, a Fellow of ASM International in 2001, and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 2017.

References

Living people
Fellows of St Anne's College, Oxford
British metallurgists
Canada Research Chairs
1965 births
Fellows of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Hockaday Comet. The Hockaday Comet was a two-seat light civil aircraft, built in the United States before World War II but not flown until near the war's end. It failed to attract buyers and only one was completed.

Design

The design of the Hockaday Comet, led by H.W. Yarick, began in October 1939 when the Hockaday Aircraft Corporation was founded. It followed the classic single engine, high braced monoplane layout pioneered for small cabin aircraft in the early 1930s by, for example, the Taylor Cub.

It was substantially complete by May 1939, powered by a  Allied Monsoon engine. This was a licence-built French Régnier L.4 four-cylinder, air-cooled inverted inline unit. However, work on the Comet was halted in 1940 when the company were preoccupied with sub-contract work for others. In spring 1944 work resumed and it made its first flight in June.

It had a one-piece wing of rectangular plan out to semi-elliptical tips and built around two spruce spars and plywood ribs. There was no dihedral. The leading edge was ply covered, with fabric elsewhere. The centre-section was joined to the upper fuselage frame by internal, vertical struts and the wing braced on each side with a parallel pair of streamlined steel tubes between the wing spars and the lower fuselage frame. Its short, broad ailerons were metal framed, fabric covered apart from duralumin leading edges and externally mass-balanced.

The Comet's fuselage had a welded steel tube structure, with a light wooden-framed upper section aft of the cabin.  Apart from the engine housing, the fuselage was fabric covered. It was advertised with a choice of two flat-six engines, a  Franklin or a  Continental C125. Both drove a two-bladed propeller. Electric generator and starter were provided.  Fuel and oil tanks were in the enclosed cabin, which had two side-by-side seats, with a large transparency in the wing centre section above them and accessed via a door on each side.  The cabin was equipped with dual controls, radio and blind-flying instrumentation.  Behind the seats there was  of luggage space in which loads of up to  could be accommodated.  

The empennage had a steel tube structure and was fabric covered, with wire bracing between the fin, the in-flight adjustable tailplane and the lower fuselage. The fin and tailplane were broadly straight-edged, carrying curved elevators and rudder. The latter extended to the keel and worked in a cut-out between the elevators.

The Comet's landing gear was of the fixed, tailwheel type, with cantilever oleo strut legs from the lower fuselage frame providing a track of . Legs and wheels were enclosed in generous fairings. Its tailwhel, mounted on a long, vertical, sprung leg, was steerable from the rudder bar via a link from an external extension of the rudder hinge.

Despite intensive advertising, for example in Flying magazine, the Comet failed to attract buyers in the post-World War II market and only the prototype was built.

Specifications

References

1940s United States civil utility aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944