omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
RFW. RFW was an Australian specialist vehicle manufacturer based in Chester Hill, Sydney. The firm specialized in heavy industrial vehicles including coaches, fire appliances, garbage trucks and road-rail vehicles for use in the Asia Pacific region. Many of its vehicles were all wheel drive. The RFW models featured a wide choice of original running gear for their wide range of vehicles for several roles from Scania, Caterpillar, Cummins, Detroit Diesel, Nissan Diesel UD, Rolls-Royce Diesel and also Bedford & Hino.

History

RFW was founded by former Royal Australian Air Force fitter (Bob) Robert Frederick Whitehead. RFW completed its first vehicle in 1969, a 8 x 4 [[using a KM Bedford cab dump truck.
All trucks & Bus chassis were custom hand built by a small team to customers specifications & requirements

Output examples
9 Airport crash tenders for Royal Malaysian Air Force
7 6x6 trucks for EPT Electric Power Transmission at Maryong NSW 
21 4x4 & 6x6 fire proof cab bush fire trucks for Woods & Forest Dept Mount Gambier SA 
9 Coach chassis for Ansett Pioneer for use in the Northern Territory
3 Road-rail vehicles for Hamersley Iron
5 Road-rail vehicles for the State Rail Authority
14x14 wheel drive road legal Sewage pump for Brisbane City Council
Catering vehicles for Qantas

References

External links

Bus manufacturers of Australia
Fire service vehicle manufacturers
Truck manufacturers of Australia
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1969
1969 establishments in Australia
T.A. Peterman. T.A. Peterman, short for Theodore Alfred "Al" Peterman, was the founder of Peterbilt Motors Company.

Biography
Born on March 22, 1893 , Peterman's early business career was in logging and timber in Washington state. He owned a mill in Tacoma that produced plywood. For company use, he began to invest in modifying and rebuilding surplus military vehicles and older logging trucks. One early invention, in association with an employee Ed Valentine, was the use of a drum brake not cooled by water. He lived in Morton, Washington during the 1930s, opening a logging company specifically for his mill. During his time in Morton, Peterman introduced another advancement, the use of trailer rollers to allow logs to shift during transport, preventing momentum from carrying trucks off the road during cornering. Peterman, who went by the nickname Al, was described as tall and "rangy", and reputed by townspeople to be kind and a "renaissance man in the logging world." He left Morton in 1940.

Peterbilt Motors Company 
In 1939, with a need to expand his timber interests and a desire to build to custom logging trucks, he acquired Fageol Truck and Coach Company of Oakland, California from Sterling Motor Truck Co. Peterman sought to build his vehicles with a focus on quality and within two years, the vehicles were beginning to be recognized as such. The first Peterbilt trucks were nearly identical in appearance to the former Fageol designs.

Death
Peterman died of cancer on November 16, 1944, in Tacoma, Washington, at the age of 51. His wife, Ida, sold the company assets soon after his death.

References

1944 deaths
1893 births
American chief executives in the automobile industry
American manufacturing businesspeople

20th-century American businesspeople
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
Reliable Event Logging Protocol. Reliable Event Logging Protocol (RELP), a networking protocol for computer data logging in computer networks, extends the functionality of the syslog protocol to provide reliable delivery of event messages. It is most often used in environments which do not tolerate message loss, such as the financial industry.

Overview
RELP uses TCP for message transmission. This provides basic protection against message loss, but does not guarantee delivery under all circumstances. When a connection aborts, TCP cannot reliably detect whether the last messages sent have actually reached their destination.
Unlike the syslog protocol, RELP works with a backchannel which conveys information back to the sender about messages processed by the receiver. This enables RELP to always know which messages have been properly received, even in the case of a connection abort.

History
RELP was developed in 2008 as a reliable protocol for rsyslog-to-rsyslog communication. As RELP designer Rainer Gerhards explains, the lack of reliable transmission in industry-standard syslog was a core motivation to create RELP. Originally, RFC 3195 syslog was considered to take up this part in rsyslog, but it suffered from high overhead and missing support for new IETF syslog standards (which have since been published as RFC 5424, but were not named at that time).

While RELP was initially meant solely for rsyslog use, it became adopted more widely. Currently tools both under Linux and Windows support RELP. There are also in-house deployments for Java. While RELP is still not formally standardized, it has evolved into an industry standard for computer logging.

Technical details
RELP is inspired by RFC 3195 syslog and RFC 3080. During initial connection, sender and receiver negotiate session options, like supported command set or application level window size. Network event messages are transferred as commands, where the receiver acknowledges each command as soon as it has processed it. Sessions may be closed by both sender and receiver, but usually should be terminated by the sender side. In order to facilitate message recovery on session aborts, RELP keeps transaction numbers for each command, and negotiates which messages need to be resent on session reestablishment.

The current version of RELP does not specify native TLS support. However, practical deployments use wrappers around the RELP session in order to provide that functionality.

Implementations
Only publicly available implementations are listed. This list is not exhaustive.

 librelp - the original C RELP library 
 rsyslog
 MonitorWare (Windows)
 logstash
 rlp_01 - Java RELP Library
 jla_01 - RELP Logback Plugin
 jla_04 - Java Util Logging RELP Handler
 jla_05 - Log4j RELP Plugin

References

Internet protocols
Internet Standards
System administration
Jackie Chan (politician). Jackie Chan Chai-keung (; born 7 November 1938) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and Mong Kok District Board (now Yau Tsim Mong District Council).

Biography
Chan was born in Hong Kong in 1938. He graduated from the Queen Elizabeth School and continued his study in civil engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia. He is the member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in England, Institution of Engineers in Australia and Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. He set up his own firm, Chan Chai Keung Architect & Engineer Co.

He was first elected to the Mong Kok District Board in the first District Board election in 1982 and served in the board until it being merged into the Yau Ma Tei District Board in the 1994 election where he failed to retain his seat in Mong Kok South to Chow Chun-fai by 688 to 1,218 votes.

He won a seat in the first Legislative Council indirect election from the South Kowloon electoral college consisting of members of the Mong Kok and Yau Ma Tei District Board. He was against the government's White Paper: The Development of Representative Government: The Way Forward which concludes that direct elections to the Legislative Council would not be carried out in 1988 "betrays and intentionally misrepresents the wish of the majority of Hong Kong residents".

References

1938 births
Living people
District councillors of Mong Kok District
University of New South Wales alumni
Hong Kong civil engineers
Progressive Hong Kong Society politicians
Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong politicians
HK LegCo Members 1985–1988
Alexander Repenning. Alexander Repenning  is the Director of the Scalable Game Design project, a computer science professor adjunct, a founder of AgentSheets Inc., and a member of the Center for Lifelong Learning and Design  at the University of Colorado in Boulder. Repenning is the inventor of drag and drop blocks programming. His research interests include computer science education, end-user programmable agents, human-computer interaction, and artificial intelligence.

Contributions 
Repenning is the creator of the AgentSheets and AgentCubes Cyberlearning tools used for game design and computational science applications. As the Director of the Scalable Game Design project, using AgentSheets, he leads an effort to reinvent computer science education in public schools through game design starting at the middle school level. With over 10,000 students, and with funding from the National Science Foundation (ITEST and CE21 programs) and Google, the Scalable Game Design project is conducting the largest US study  of computer science education at the middle school level including inner city schools, remote rural areas, and Native American communities. Results indicate that students, across genders and ethnicities, are not only highly motivated to learn computer science through game design but they also learn essential computational thinking skills. They acquire skills through game design, which later they can leverage in STEM simulation creation. Repenning's theoretical contributions include a pedagogical framework called the Zones of Proximal Flow  combining Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development with Csikszentmihalyi’s state of Flow.

References 

Living people
American computer programmers
American computer scientists
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Programming language designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program. The Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program (SOAP) is an assembler for the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine, an early computer first used in 1954. It was developed by Stan Poley at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. SOAP is called "Optimal" (or "Optimum") because it attempts to store generated instructions on the storage drum to minimize the access time from one instruction to the next. SOAP is a multi-pass assembler, that is, it processes the source program more than once in order to generate the object program.

The first version of SOAP was succeeded by SOAP II in 1957, which supported additional hardware features such as index registers and magnetic core memory, then SOAP IIA in 1958, SOAP 2L, SOAP 2L Tape, SOAP 4000, and SOAP 42 in 1961. SOAP was used as a backend to the FOR TRANSIT compiler in 1957.

Donald Knuth independently produced versions named SOAP III in 1958 and SUPERSOAP in 1959 at Case Institute of Technology, now part of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. The US National Bureau of Standards, under the direction of Herbert Howe, also wrote a version of SOAP, called ISOPAR, said to significantly improve optimization.

Optimization
The IBM 650 uses a magnetic drum as main storage. The drum holds up to 4,000 words and rotates at 12,500 revolutions per minute (RPM), 4.8 msec per rotation, or average access time of 2.4  msec. "If you placed your instructions sequentially onto the drum, you would have to wait for a complete rotation of the drum before the CPU could obtain the next instruction. Since many instructions on the 650 could execute in around 3 milliseconds, you would try to optimize your code by placing the instructions on the drum in such a way that it would not take the drum a full revolution to access your next instruction." Each instruction contains the address of the next instruction to execute; instead of a sequential array of instructions the memory appears to be a linked list. SOAP optimizes by placing instructions to be executed sequentially in locations around the drum such that the next instruction is available as soon as possible after the current instruction finishes. This optimization was said to make the assembled programs "run as much as six or seven times faster."

SOAP features

Pseudo-operations
SOAP II supports the following pseudo-operations (assembly directives):

Comments
Each source card can contain up to ten characters of comments in columns 63–72. For longer comments, up to thirty characters may be entered on a Comments Card (Type 1, '1' in column 41) in columns 43–72

References

External links
 SOAP at the Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages

1955 software
Assemblers
IBM software
Assembly language software
Madhukunda railway station. Madhukunda railway station serves Madhukunda, Tiluri village and surrounding areas in Purulia and Bankura districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located on the southern bank of the Damodar and a railway bridge connects it to Damodar railway station.

History
The Bengal Nagpur Railway main line from Nagpur to Asansol, on the Howrah–Delhi main line, was opened for goods traffic on 1 February 1891.

Electrification
The Tatanagar–Adra–Asansol section was electrified in the 1957–1962 period. The Asansol–Purulia sector was electrified in 1961–62.

Economy
There is a cement plant, Damodhar Cement Works, owned by ACC Ltd. at Madhukunda.

References

External links
Trains at Madhukunda

Railway stations in India opened in 1891
Adra railway division
Railway stations in Purulia district
National Institute of Chemistry. The National Institute of Chemistry (in Slovene: Kemijski Inštitut) in Ljubljana is the second largest natural sciences research institute in Slovenia (the country's largest being the Jožef Stefan Institute). Research at the National Institute is divided into two major fields: life sciences and materials science. Among its 11 departments, the Department of Materials Chemistry (D10) is the biggest department in the field of materials science.

History
The institute was established in 1946 as part of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts with the purpose of developing technologies for processing coal into coke that was needed in the heavy industrialisation period of Slovenia's history after the Second World War.

In 1953 it was renamed the Boris Kidrič Institute of Chemistry in honour of the first president of the Slovenian socialist government, Boris Kidrič (1912–1953).

In 1956 the institute's first infrared spectrometer (a Perkin Elmer 21) was purchased, which made it possible to begin in-depth research in various fields of the Institute’s activities.

In 1992, following the country’s independence Slovenia's National Centre for High-resolution NMR Spectrometry (known as the NMR Centre) was established at the institute.

Employees and equipment
The institute's ~350 employees, of which ~140 have PhD degrees, perform cutting edge research work using equipment such as a Karl Zeiss Supra 35 VP Electronic Microscope with EDX analysis, a high resolution powder x-ray diffractometer, an 800 MHz NMR spectrometer and a cryo-TEM microscope Glacios™; these are the only ones of their kind in Slovenia. The NMR spectrometer is the first of this kind of instrument to be found in the new member states of EU.

Major achievements
One of the institute's major achievements of recent years is a 2013 synthetic protein that folds itself into a tetrahedron — a pyramid with a triangular base measuring just 5 nanometres along each edge - which can be used as container for delivering drugs on a nanoscopic scale. It was synthesized by Roman Jerala.

References

Education in Ljubljana
Research institutes in Slovenia
Letov Š-3. The Letov Š-3 was a single-seat, single-engine parasol wing fighter aircraft designed and built in Czechoslovakia in the early 1920s.  Only one was completed and flown, its makers preferring to develop a biplane fighter.

Design and development

The Letov Š-3, originally known as the Letov Š.B1, was the first original fighter design from Letov, the start of a line designed by Alois Šmolik.  It had a wooden parasol wing and a metal-framed fuselage and empennage, and was powered by a  six-cylinder water-cooled in-line BMW IIIa engine.

The wing was only slightly tapered, being almost rectangular and with a cutout in the trailing edge over the cockpit to improve the pilot's field of view.  Short-span ailerons were mounted far outboard. On each side there were two pairs of parallel struts bracing the wing to the fuselage; both pairs were mounted on the lower fuselage but one pair met the wing at about 60% span, the other at 30%.  Each outer strut had a jury strut at right angles which met the top of its inboard equivalent at the wing.

The Š-3's upright inline engine was completely enclosed within a cowling, with its top just below the pilot's eye line. It drove a two-blade propeller with a domed spinner.  The BMW was cooled with Lamblin cylindrical radiators placed between the undercarriage legs, though a diagram shows it with narrow, fuselage-hugging (cheek) radiators. The oval cross-section fuselage tapered rearwards behind the cockpit to a straight tapered tailplane and divided elevators with a cutout for rudder movement; the latter was mounted on a circular-edged fin and had its bottom cropped for elevator clearance.  The Š-3 had a fixed, single-axle conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on cross-braced V-struts.

The first prototype was destroyed late in 1921 by a factory fire before its first flight, but the second flew early the next year. It took part in the International Meeting at Zurich in 1922 with modest success but the Military Aircraft Works decided to concentrate its efforts on the biplane Letov Š-4, and development of the Š-3 ended.

Specifications

References

Parasol-wing aircraft
1920s Czechoslovak fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Š-3
Scan2CAD. Scan2CAD is a commercial raster-to-vector and vector-to-vector conversion and editing computer-aided design software application which is developed and maintained in the UK by Avia Systems.

History 

Scan2CAD's first version was released in April 1993. The publishing company was Softcover International. This company continued to publish the software until 2010 when Avia Systems acquired the software.

The development team has continued to be the same throughout the full lifetime of the software.

Scan2CAD is now used across the world by a very wide variety of users ranging from government and large industrial organisations to smaller individual firms. It has been translated to localised language versions including Polish, Italian, French and Japanese. The Scan2CAD software is recommended by leading imaging hardware companies such as HP, Canon and Fuji Xerox.

Code Names 

From version 10.0 Scan2CAD's major version releases use code names that reference great mathematicians.

It was described that these code names are intended to "take inspiration" from the stories of these mathematicians.

Supported file types 

Below lists all types of the file supported by Scan2CAD starting from version 8.

Raster file types: BMP, PCX, IMG, TIFF, CALS, JPEG, JPEG2K, GIF, PNG, CIT, PDF

Vector file types: DXF, DWG, SVG, HPGL, WMF, EMF, TXF, PDF (vector graphics)

Technologies used
A non-exhaustive list of the technologies used by Scan2CAD in the raster-to-vector and vector-to-vector conversion process.

External links
 
Official Scan2CAD YouTube channel

References

Computer-aided design software
Aquilair Kid. The Aquilair Kid is a French ultralight trike designed and produced by Aquilair of Theizé. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from metal tubing, with its wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span Star 12 wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The standard powerplant is a twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 503 engine, with the  Rotax 447  and the  liquid-cooled Rotax 582  optional.

With the Star 12 wing the aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The aircraft is supplied in modular form, with the chassis, engine, reduction drive and propeller all available separately. A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, but the Star 12 was formerly the standard wing offered. The chassis incorporates an under-seat pivot system that allows the wing to be mounted and then raised into position.

Variants
Kid 447
Aircraft with the twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, single-ignition  Rotax 447  and the 
Kid 503
Aircraft with the twin cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 503 engine
Kid 582
Aircraft with the twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine

Specifications (Kid 503 with Star 12 wing)

References

External links

2000s French sport aircraft
2000s French ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Aquilair aircraft
PingER Project. PingER, an acronym for Ping End-to-end Reporting, measures round-trip travel time of a packet of data between two nodes on the Internet.   The PingER' Project uses a simple tool—the ping command—to get valuable insights into performance of the Internet backbone.

High energy particle physicists began the project in 1995, because they needed to access large amounts of data at laboratories sometimes as far away as across an ocean.  They needed to know how the Internet was performing, identify problems, and apply solutions.
At U.S.Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, PingER let researcher Les Cottrell "keep tabs on how parts of the network were performing and root out any problems."  PingER is one of several collaborative projects having measurement infrastructures for monitoring Internet Traffic.

How PingER works
Using the ping command, monitoring nodes initiate transmissions to remote nodes, then measure and record the response times, or the lack of 
responses.  
Each combination of monitoring node-remote node is called a pair.  PingER is easy to implement, because little special software must be installed to make measurements.  Almost any networked computer will respond to a ping, and require nothing added.  Monitoring nodes require only a script to issue ping commands and record results.  In September 1999 there were 1977 pairs, consisting of 511 remote nodes in 54 countries.

PingER uses the data to determine latency (round-trip_time), jitter (variability of round-trip_time), and loss (percentage of packets that never return).  The results of the PingER Project, including source code, are made available to the public at no cost.  This collection of data shows long term world-wide Internet performance trends, covering over 750 sites in over 165 countries.  Researchers at the National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan, have been dealing with increasingly large amounts of PingER data by using a relational database.  From a vantage point between Europe and Africa, researchers at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Italy used PingER to reveal the slow progress of improving Africa's connections to the rest of the world.

Poor results for Africa
Analysis of some of the PingER data reveal that:

 Africa's internet was lagging 16 years behind Europe in 2009.
 The World Soccer Cup in South Africa in 2010 led to new submarine cables, resulting in much shorter return times. 
 Angola, Zimbabia, Tanzania, Uganda have shown improvements as they converted from satellite to terrestrial links.

See also
 Iperf
 Network operations center
 PerfSONAR

References

External links
 The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis (caida) Internet Measurement Infrastructure 
 Surveyor approach to performance measurement

Internet architecture
Network performance