omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cornubite. Cornubite is a rare secondary copper arsenate mineral with formula: Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4. It was first described for its discovery in 1958 in Wheal Carpenter, Gwinear, Cornwall, England, UK.  The name is from Cornubia, the medieval Latin name for Cornwall. It is a dimorph of cornwallite, and the arsenic analogue of pseudomalachite.

Physical properties
Cleavage is distinct in two directions, both perpendicular to the enlarged faces of the tabular crystals, intersecting at about 70°. Cornubite is fairly soft, with hardness 4, the same as fluorite, and specific gravity 4.64, which is similar to another copper arsenate, clinoclase, at 4.38, but much denser than quartz, at 2.66.

Optical properties
All triclinic minerals are biaxial; cornubite is biaxial (−).  Its refractive indices are quite high, close to 1.9, similar to zircon and garnet.  It is green, as are many copper minerals, usually translucent, with a vitreous luster and a light green streak.

Unit cell
Cornubite belongs to the triclinic crystal class , space group P, meaning that it has a very low symmetry, with only a center of symmetry and no mirror planes or axes of symmetry. In 1984 Sieber, Hofmeister, Tillmans and Abraham reported new data from microprobe analysis of cornubite, which gave unit cell parameters a = 6.121 Å, b = 6.251 Å, c = 6.790 Å, α = 92.93°, β = 111.3°, γ = 107.47° and Z = 1.

Structure
The structure is made up of sheets of edge-shared Cu(O,OH)6 octahedra, with a copper atom Cu in the middle of the octahedron and either oxygen O or hydroxyl OH at each of the six vertices. These sheets are connected together by AsO4 groups with an arsenic As atom in the middle and O at each of the four vertices. In the AsO4 groups three of the Os are shared with octahedra in one octahedral sheet, and the fourth O is shared with an octahedron in the adjacent sheet. Hydrogen bonds also connect the sheets together.

Crystal habit
Crystals, which are very rare, are tabular, often in aggregates as rosettes. Cornubite is generally fibrous, botryoidal, globular or massive.

Environment
Cornubite is a secondary mineral found in the oxidised zone of copper deposits. In Cornwall it is found in drusy quartz associated with malachite, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2, olivenite, Cu2(AsO4)(OH), cuprite, Cu2O, cornwallite, Cu2+5(AsO4)2(OH)2, and liroconite, Cu2+2Al(AsO4)(OH)4·4H2O. Some of the world's best specimens come from the Majuba Hill Mine in the Antelope District, Nevada, US. Cornubite occurs there as light green botryoidal crusts on rhyolite or as balls and crusts on cornwallite, also as coatings on clinoclase and pseudomorphs after parnauite.  Other associations are with chalcophyllite, chenevixite, pseudomalachite, bayldonite, tyrolite, azurite and chrysocolla.

Type locality
The type locality is Wheal Carpenter, Gwinear, Cornwall, UK. The type material is conserved at the Natural History Museum, London, reference BM.1958,122.

References

External links 
Jmol: http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/viewJmol.php?id=13776

Arsenate minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
List of educational institutions in Kanpur. This is a list of educational institutions in Kanpur, India.

Technological institutes
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur)
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped (AITH Kanpur)
Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI kanpur)
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI Kanpur)
National Sugar Institute (NSI)
University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kanpur University (UIET Kanpur or IET Kanpur)
Uttar Pradesh Technical University  (UPTU)
SRMS College of Engineering and Technology, Kanpur Lucknow Highway (SRMS CET)

Medical and allied colleges
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College (GSVM)

Universities

Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University (CSJMU), formerly Kanpur University (KU)
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
Harcourt Butler Technical University

Others
DAV College, Kanpur
VSSD College, Kanpur
Christ Church College, Kanpur
Halim Muslim PG College
BND College, Kanpur
Dayanand Brajendra Swarup College

References 

 
Educational institutions
List of preserved Hunslet narrow-gauge locomotives. This page is a list of preserved narrow-gauge steam and other locomotives built by the Hunslet Engine Company of Leeds in England.

Many of them can be seen working at heritage railways in the UK.

Steam locomotives

Diesel locomotives

Electric locomotives

References

External links
 quarryhunslet
 heritagerailways

Hunslet narrow gauge
Hunslet locomotives
Hunslet narrow gauge locomotives
United Kingdom narrow gauge rolling stock
Narrow gauge locomotives
CANalyzer. CANalyzer is an analysis software tool from Vector Informatik GmbH. This development software is primarily used by automotive and electronic control unit suppliers to analyze the data traffic in serial bus systems. The most relevant bus systems to CANalyzer are CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet and MOST, as well as CAN-based protocols such as J1939, CANopen, and ARINC 825.

History 
Vector first offered CANalyzer on the market in 1992, and has been continually updating it since then. Today it is a widely used analysis tool for CAN buses. Besides its primary field of application, which is in-vehicle electronic networking in the automotive industry, CANalyzer is also used in many other industries such as rail transportation, heavy-duty vehicles, special-purpose vehicles, avionics, and medical technology. New technologies based on IP architectures in the automotive industry  are supported by CANalyzer.

CANalyzer offers bus monitoring, stimulation, and analysis functions for message traffic and data content. It allows users to configure and expand its functionality using an integrated programming language. CANalyzer displays and evaluates data in both raw and symbolic formats, providing a versatile measurement setup.

Back in 1992, Vector had already developed the DBC data format, which has become the de facto standard in the automotive industry for exchanging CAN descriptions. Relevant standards are supported for other bus systems as well, such as FIBEX for FlexRay, LDF for LIN and EDS/DCF/XDD for CANopen.

Versions 
CANalyzer version 1.0 was released in 1992.  CANalyzer was previously available in three different variants: Professional (PRO), which includes CAPL programming ability, Expert (EXP) which includes panels, and Fundamental (FUN), with basic features. The Fundamental variant has been discontinued as of April 2023.

See also 
 CANoe
 CANape

References

External links 
CANalyzer website

Additional resources 
 Pfeiffer, Ayre, Keydel: Embedded Networking with CAN and CANopen, RTC Books San Clemente, USA, 2003 (eng)
 Pfeiffer, Ayre, Keydel: Embedded Networking with CAN and CANopen, RTC Books, Japan, 2006 (jap)
 CAN-Show-Premiere, Report about the CiA booth on the fair Interkama 1992, in Markt&Technik Nr.45, November 6, 1992 (German)
 Develop CAN applications faster - CAN tools: News at a glance, in Markt&Technik Nr.45, November 6, 1992 (German)

Computer-aided engineering software
Data analysis software
Networking with CAN and CANopen, RTC Books San Clemente, USA, 2003 (eng)
 Pfeiffer, Ayre, Keydel: Embedded Networking with CAN and CANopen'', RTC Books, Japan, 2006 (jap)
RoboScooter. The RoboScooter is a foldable electric scooter developed by William J. Mitchell of the Smart Cities program at the MIT Media Lab. The vehicle was designed in conjunction with Taiwan's SYM Motors and the Industrial Technology Research Institute.

The scooter is designed to use battery-powered electric motors in the wheels, with lithium-ion batteries that can be charged on special charging racks, by plugging in at home or by swapping batteries at special vending machines designed for this purpose. The scooter was designed to fold into a compact format, limiting the amount of parking or storage space needed, though a non-folding version could also be produced. The fold-up design would allow the scooter to be parked in 80% less space than traditional models. Like the MIT Car and GreenWheel, RoboScooter was developed by the MIT Media Lab Smart Cities program as a means to provide effective transportation within the world's cities, in a cost-effective and energy efficient manner. Using the bicycle rental systems that have been implemented in Europe, a shopper might rent a scooter to drive to the supermarket to do their shopping, then rent a vehicle like the MIT Car to return home with a car laden with groceries.

The RoboScooter was designed to have similar performance characteristics as gasoline-powered models with 50cc displacement engines. In the past, hybrid vehicles have required as much as 25% more parts than their internal combustion engine-powered counterparts. The legacy vehicles typically have 1,000 to 1,500 components, while the RoboScooter is designed to be made with 150 parts, reducing supply chain issues, making construction easier and faster, and simplifying repairs, all in a vehicle that can be manufactured at a reduced cost compared to comparable traditional vehicles. A "show-quality" model of the RoboScooter was displayed in November 2007 at the Milan motorcycle show. MIT Media Lab staff estimated that the RoboScooter would weigh in at , compared to the  of a traditional gasoline-powered scooter loaded with a full tank of gasoline.

See also
MIT Car
GreenWheel

References

Battery electric vehicles
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Eiji Osawa. is a former professor of computational chemistry, noted for his prediction of the C60 molecule in 1970.

Osawa received his Master's of Engineering in chemistry from Kyoto University's Department of Industrial Chemistry and then became an engineer at Teijin Co., Ltd. In 1964, he returned to Kyoto University and earned a Doctorate of Engineering in chemistry under Professor M. Yoshida. After three years of postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin, Princeton University, and the State University of New York at Stony Brook, in 1970 he became an assistant professor at Hokkaido University. In 1990, Osawa became a full professor at Toyahashi University of Technology, where he retired in 2001. Upon his retirement, assisted by Futaba, Co., Ltd., headquartered in Chiba, Osawa started the research and development company Nano-Carbon Research Institute, Ltd.

C60 molecule prediction

The icosahedral C60H60 cage was mentioned in 1965 as a possible topological structure. Eiji Osawa predicted the existence of C60 in 1970. He noticed that the structure of a corannulene molecule was a subset of a football shape, and he hypothesised that a full ball shape could also exist. Japanese scientific journals reported  his idea, but it did not reach Europe or the Americas.

In 1996, Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their roles in the discovery of this class of molecules. C60 and other fullerenes were later noticed occurring outside the laboratory.

References

Japanese chemists
1935 births
People from Toyama Prefecture
Living people
Toyohashi University of Technology people
Computational chemists
NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge. The NASA Real World-In World Engineering Design Challenge is an educational program targeting students in grades 7–12 to foster skills relevant to STEM careers. The program is structured into two phases: project-based learning and team competitions. Participants tackle engineering challenges, collaborating with university students and mentors in a virtual reality environment. The projects focus on technologies such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Robonaut 2 humanoid robot. The Real World-In World initiative is a collaboration among NASA, the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA), and USA TODAY Education. It builds on the foundation of the Sight/Insight design challenge by NASA and USA TODAY Education, and the Virtual Exploration Sustainability Challenge (VESC), a joint effort of NIA and NASA.

Scheme followed in 2011

Phase 1: RealWorld

Participants
Teachers, coaches, and high school-aged students who are involved in the RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge collaborated to address engineering problems inspired by NASA.

Objective
Small teams of high school students and coaches or teachers worked together on two real-world problems associated with either the James Webb Space Telescope or Robonaut 2. The final project solutions submitted by teams were showcased on the RealWorld-InWorld website.

Phase 2: InWorld

Participants
Participating college students form teams consisting of 3-5 high school-aged students and their teacher or coach. Each team chose an engineering mentor from among the participants. Many of the participants were also involved in NASA's INSPIRE program.

Objective
To collaborate within a 3D virtual environment to improve designs and generate 3D models of the James Webb Space Telescope and Robonaut 2. Engineers from both projects engaged in virtual conversations within the InWorld phase of the challenge. In contrast to the RealWorld phase, the InWorld challenge took place in a virtual environment hosted within the NIA Universe virtual reality world. Teams developed and constructed their solutions to the given problems within this virtual setting.

References

Science competitions
Modelur. Modelur is a 3D parametric urban design software, implemented as a SketchUp plugin.

In contrast to common CAD applications, where the user designs buildings with usual dimensions such as width, depth, and height, Modelur offers the design of built environment through key urban parameters such as the number of storeys and gross floor area of a building. In addition, urban control values (i.e. Floor Space Index, Built-up Area, etc. ) and requirements (i.e. number of parking lots or green areas) based on land use normatives are calculated in real-time.

Sources
 Trimble SketchUp
 Modelur on SketchUp Extension Warehouse
 Modelur on YouTube

External links
 Modelur Homepage
 Modelur Userguide
 SketchUp Extension Warehouse

Urban design
Urban planning
Computer-aided design software
Computer-aided design
3D computer graphics
Javier Manterola. Javier Manterola Armisén (17 June 1936 – 12 May 2024) was a Spanish civil engineer and professor at the Escuela Superior de Ingenieros de Madrid. Manterola was particularly known for his work as a bridge designer of the engineering firm Carlos Fernández Casado. Author of numerous and varied projects, in collaboration with different Spanish architects such as Rafael Moneo and others, he won, over his professional career, several awards such as the . He was a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

Life and career
Probably, his best known work is the Puente de La Pepa, opened in 2015. This bridge has become the main access to the city of Cádiz. Another of his most important designs is the Engineer Carlos Fernández Casado bridge on the AP-66 which spans a part of the Barrios de Luna reservoir in León, which was a world record for a decade in several categories and is still the second longest span in Spain, after the above-mentioned La Pepa Bridge. Designer of many bridges in Zaragoza, Manterola designed the Manuel Giménez Abad Bridge for Zaragoza's third ring road (Z-30) and the Barranco de la Muerte aqueduct, structure for the Canal Imperial de Aragón to span the previously mentioned Z-30. For the Expo 2008, Manterola designed a pedestrian bridge called Pasarela del Voluntariado. Another of his designs is the bridge on the Ebro for the Spanish Madrid-Barcelona high-speed railway line. He was also the designer of the Puente de Andalucía on the Guadalquivir in Córdoba and the Puente de las Delicias in Seville. In Vizcaya, Manterola was the designer of the  on the Estuary of Bilbao and several bridges for the Supersur motorway.

Manterola also participated in numerous restoration projects of historic bridges, like the Puente Nuevo in Murcia (2001–2003) in which a city bridge closed to traffic due to structural reasons was transformed into a pedestrian bridge retaining the original structure during the restoration.

Manterola died on 12 May 2024, the name day of the saint patron of civil engineers, Dominic de la Calzada, aged 87.

Honours and awards
2006: International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering from the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering

References

Bibliography

External links
Aguiló Alonso, Miguel (2007). Javier Manterola, más allá de la funcionalidad y la belleza. Ingenieria Y Territorio, 79, p. 36-43.

1936 births
2024 deaths
Spanish bridge engineers
Spanish civil engineers
People from Pamplona
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando alumni
20th-century Spanish engineers
21st-century Spanish engineers
NaSHA. NaSHA is a hash function accepted as a first round SHA-3 candidate for the NIST hash function competition. 

NaSHA was designed by Smile Markovski and Aleksandra Mileva with contributions by Simona Samardziski (programmer) and Boro Jakimovski (programmer). NaSHA supports internal state sizes of 1024 and 2048 bits, and arbitrary output sizes between 125 and 512 bits. It uses quasigroup string transformations with quasigroups of order 264, defined by extended Feistel networks. The quasigroups used in every iteration of the compression function are different and depend on the processed message block. 

The authors claim performance of up to 23.06 cycles per byte on an Intel Core 2 Duo in 64-bit mode.

Cryptanalysis during the SHA-3 competition has indicated that 384/512 version of NaSHA is susceptible to collision attacks, but the authors disputed those attacks and also included small changes to achieve the strength of 224/256 version.

References

External links
 The official NaSHA website
 The First Round SHA-3 candidates

NIST hash function competition
EADS Talarion. The EADS Talarion is a twinjet Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE UAV), designed by EADS, to meet future European military needs for aerial reconnaissance, military intelligence, and aerial surveillance. EADS has run a preliminary design review, and is awaiting orders. The source of the name is the Talaria—the winged sandals of the Greek Messenger god Hermes.

Design and development
The development of the Talarion was revealed with a mockup displayed at the 2009 Paris Airshow. This vehicle is a twin jet engined UAV with a wingspan of approximately 28 m. Avionics will be built by Saab.

French parliamentary estimates place Talarion's total programme costs at around EUR 2.9 billion, including around 12–15 systems of three UAVs each.

Partnership with Turkish Aerospace Industries
In May 2011, a group of Turkish suppliers, led by Turkish Aerospace Industries, joined the project by signing a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with EADS Cassidian for the Talarion UAV programme. Turkey (Turkish Aerospace Industries) has developed and successfully produced MALE UAVs of its own and has subsequently gained significant experience with the development of larger long endurance UAV platforms. A very similar Turkish project, the TAI Anka, made its debut at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow and was scheduled to enter service with the Turkish Air Force in early 2012, but was eventually introduced in 2013.

Partnership with Alenia
In December 2011, Cassidian and Alenia announced that they would cooperate on MALE UAVs—including the Talarion.

In February 2012, Cassidian announced plans to wind down the Talarion programme, after failing to secure financial backing from potential future buyers; the European market for UAVs now has stronger competition, and budgets are under pressure.

Customers
In 2010, EADS expressed frustration that the home nations—France, Germany, Spain, and the UK—were not committed to buying the Talarion. However, other countries' armed forces might also buy it; apart from an expected order from Turkey, the Talarion may also be a candidate in a Canadian competition to acquire unmanned surveillance systems, and in January 2013 it was suggested that the South Korean government might consider the Talarion, or the BAE Telemos (now cancelled), as an alternative to the RQ-4 Global Hawk.

The Telemos had also been considered likely to compete with for Talarion for various future European deals.

Specifications

See also

References

Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles
Talarion
International unmanned aerial vehicles
International proposed aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of Greece
Tree spade. A tree spade is a specialized machine that mechanizes the transplanting of large plants whose hand-powered transplanting (using traditional spades, wagons, and other equipment) would be prohibitively laborious. These include large bushes and small or medium trees. By bringing mechanized power to what was formerly only a manual process, tree spades do for transplanting what tractors and combine harvesters do for agriculture, and what excavators and other heavy equipment do for construction. Today, tree spades are widely used in the tree nursery industry to increase production rates, and in the landscaping industry for tree removal and transplanting.

A typical machine consists of a number of blades (generally 3 or 4, but single or dual blade designs also exist) that encircle the tree, digging into the ground and then lifting the entire tree, including its roots and soil (in what is termed a "root ball"), out of the ground and replanting or transplanting the whole tree in the designated area. Similar machines can also be used for placing trees in pots or baskets for commercial tree nursery operations. Tree spades are available in a wide variety of sizes and designs that are made to suit varied soil conditions and customer requirements. Typical design variations can include straight vs curved blades, root ball diameter, root ball depth, and root ball cone angle.

The machines can be mounted on a tractor or loader for moving trees a short distance, or on the back of a truck  for relocating trees over the highway a long distance away. For tree nursery operations, tree spades are also sometimes mounted on excavators, though this is less common due to the weight capacity requirements of manipulating the machine along with an excavated tree. For transport on public roads, the spade tilts the tree to a near-horizontal position in order to clear overhead bridges and cables.

A 'tree moving machine' was patented by Howard E. Crawford, of Detroit (Redford Township) in 1961. The patent application was in February of 1958 and the patent was approved and published on July 4, 1961. 

The first tree spade at Opitz was built in 1971. Special machinery in tree nursery did exist before including the treedigger variants which are still more common to transplant smaller trees.

See also
 Transplanting

References

External links

 "Digging trees and shrubs for transplanting" on Wikibooks
 100in Curved Blade Tree Spade on YouTube

Agricultural machinery
Forestry equipment
Lasco Lascondor. The Lasco Lascondor (also frequently known by the misspelling "Lasconder") was a 1930s Australian 8-seat passenger and mail carrier aircraft built by the Larkin Aircraft Supply Company (Lasco) at Coode Island, Victoria. It is claimed to be the first multi-engined aircraft designed and built in the Southern Hemisphere.

History
Development of the Lascondor began in June 1928, concurrently with the company's Lascoter; the two aircraft had 90% commonality of structural parts. Like the Lascoter the Lascondor
was a high-wing monoplane with a tubular steel structure, featuring a tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin for the passengers and the pilot. A major change was the Lascondor's three Armstrong Siddeley Mongoose engines instead of the Lascoter's single more powerful Siddeley Puma engine. The Lascondor also had greater fuel capacity and a slightly longer fuselage with a redesigned cabin to accommodate an extra row of seats. In addition, while the Lascoter had two sets of flying controls in the cockpit the Lascondor had only one to allow for another passenger seat, giving an overall capacity of seven passengers and one pilot.

Operators

 Australian Aerial Services

Specifications

References

1920s Australian airliners
Trimotors
Lascondor
High-wing aircraft