omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Airframes Unlimited T-2. The Airframes Unlimited T-2 is an American powered parachute designed and produced by Airframes Unlimited of Athens, Texas.

The aircraft was originally offered as plans only by Powered Parachute Plans, also of Athens, Texas. When parts for complete aircraft were made available these were supplied by Airframes Unlimited and gradually the two enterprises were unified under the latter name.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US Experimental - Amateur Built rules. It features a parachute-style high-wing, two-seats-in-tandem, tricycle landing gear and accepts a wide variety of two stroke and four stroke engines mounted in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is built from welded 4130 steel tubing, with a 6061-T6 aluminum engine mount plate. In flight steering is accomplished via levers that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has lever-controlled nosewheel steering. The main landing gear incorporates spring rod suspension. The design uses an overhead adjustable canopy hang point, called a "cg spreader bar" to establish the correct canopy attachment point and hence the aircraft's flight attitude and torque offset.

The aircraft was originally supplied only in the form of illustrated plans provided on a CD-ROM in Microsoft Word .doc format. Later parts and sub-assemblies were made available and then complete carriages, less canopy, propeller and engine.

Specifications (T2)

References

External links

T-2
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Airframes Unlimited T-103. The Airframes Unlimited T-103 is an American powered parachute designed and produced by Airframes Unlimited of Athens, Texas.

The aircraft was originally offered as plans only by Powered Parachute Plans, also of Athens, Texas. When parts for complete aircraft were made available these were supplied by Airframes Unlimited and gradually the two enterprises were unified under the latter name.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The manufacturer says "The T-103 can be built to be part 103 compliant without any trouble." It features a parachute-style high-wing, two-seats-in-tandem, tricycle landing gear and accepts a wide variety of two stroke and four stroke engines mounted in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is built from welded 4130 steel tubing, with a 6061-T6 aluminum engine mount plate. In flight steering is accomplished via levers that actuate the canopy brakes, creating roll and yaw. On the ground the aircraft has lever-controlled nosewheel steering. The main landing gear incorporates spring rod suspension. The design uses an overhead adjustable canopy hang point, called a "cg spreader bar" to establish the correct canopy attachment point and hence the aircraft's flight attitude and torque offset.

The aircraft was originally supplied only in the form of illustrated plans provided on a CD-ROM in Microsoft Word .doc format. Later parts and sub-assemblies were made available and then complete carriages, less canopy, propeller and engine.

Specifications (T103)

References

External links

T-103
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Powered parachutes
Airframes Unlimited. Airframes Unlimited was an American aircraft manufacturer founded by Don and Clint Stutts of Athens, Texas. The company started out marketing powered parachute plans on CD-ROM and expanded into providing parts and sub-assemblies, as well as complete airframes.

In an interview in Light Sport and Ultralight Flying Magazine Don Stutts explained his focus on the low-end of the market, stating, "our company's goal is to make powered parachuting more affordable to the average working man. We are living in an era where $15,000 to $20,000 powered parachutes are common. Powered parachutes in this price range are completely out of reach of an average working man, even with creative financing."

The company originally operated as Powered Parachute Plans, also of Athens, Texas. When parts for complete aircraft were made available these were supplied by Airframes Unlimited and gradually the two enterprises were unified under the latter name.

The company seems to have gone out of business in late 2014.

Aircraft

References

External links

Company website archives on Archive.org

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Powered parachutes
Stephen Yurkovich. Stephen Yurkovich is a Fellow of the IEEE, and holds the Louis Beecherl Jr. Distinguished Chair in Engineering at the University of Texas at Dallas, United States, where he is also Program Head of Systems Engineering. Until early 2011, he held a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, at The Ohio State University, where he was also Director of the Honda-OSU Partnership Program in which he oversaw endowments of over $40M. Also at Ohio State, he served as Acting Director of the Center for Automotive Research in 2007.

Professor Yurkovich’s research, published in more than 200 books, journal articles and conference papers, includes work in the areas of system identification and parameter set estimation for control, nonlinear and adaptive control, and fuzzy logic for control, in application areas including automotive systems, aerospace systems, chemical process control, welding processes, and flexible mechanical structures.

Awards and honors

 2012: Elected to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Board of Directors, Division X
 2008: John R. Ragazzini Award in Control Education from the American Automatic Control Council
 2001: Fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
 2000: IEEE Control Systems Society Distinguished Member Award.
 2000: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Millennium Medal recipient.

References

Living people
American electrical engineers
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Year of birth missing (living people)
Flexibility–usability tradeoff. The flexibility–usability tradeoff is a design principle maintaining that, as the flexibility of a system increases, its usability decreases. The tradeoff exists because accommodating flexibility requires satisfying a larger set of requirements, which results in complexity and usability compromises.

Design theory maintains that over their lifecycle, systems shift from supporting multiple uses inefficiently, towards efficiently supporting a single use as users' needs become more defined and better understood, both by themselves and designers.

When weighting the relative importance of flexibility versus usability, designers are advised to consider how well the needs of the user are understood. If user needs are well understood, designers should bias toward simple less-flexible systems. Otherwise, designers should create flexible designs that support multiple future applications.

References 

Usability
Human–computer interaction
Technical communication
Eyewire. Eyewire is a citizen science game from Sebastian Seung's Lab at Princeton University. It is a human-based computation game that uses players to map retinal neurons. Eyewire launched on December 10, 2012. The game utilizes data generated by the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research.

Eyewire gameplay is used for neuroscience research by enabling the reconstruction of morphological neuron data, which helps researchers model information-processing circuits.

Gameplay
The player is given a cube with a partially reconstructed neuron branch stretching through it. The player completes the reconstruction by coloring a 2D image with a 3D image generated simultaneously. Reconstructions are compared across players as each cube is submitted, yielding a consensus reconstruction that is later checked by experienced players.

Goal
Eyewire is used to advance the use of artificial intelligence in neuronal reconstruction. The project is also used in research determining how mammals see directional motion.

Methods
The activity of each neuron in a 350 × 300 × 60 μm3 portion of a retina was determined by two-photon microscopy. Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, the same volume was stained to bring out the contrast of the plasma membranes, sliced into layers by a microtome, and imaged using an electron microscope.

A neuron is selected by the researchers. The program chooses a cubic volume associated with that neuron for the player, along with an artificial intelligence's best guess for tracing the neuron through the two-dimensional images.

Publications

Accomplishments
 Eyewire neurons featured at 2014 TED Conference Virtual Reality Exhibit.
 Eyewire neurons featured at US Science and Engineering Expo in Washington, DC.
 Eyewire won the National Science Foundation's 2013 International Visualization Challenge in the Games and Apps Category.
 An Eyewire image by Alex Norton won MIT's 2014 Koch Image Gallery Competition.
 Eyewire named one of Discover Magazines Top 100 Science Stories of 2013.
 Eyewire named top citizen science project of 2013 by SciStarter.
 Eyewire won Biovision's World Life Sciences Forum Catalyzer Prize on March 26, 2013.
 Eyewire named to top 10 citizen science projects of 2013 by PLoS.

Eyewire has been featured by Wired, Nature blog SpotOn, Forbes, Scientific American, and NPR.

References

External links

Human-based computation games
Neuroimaging
2012 video games
Browser games
Video games developed in the United States
Citizen science
Dileep George. Dileep George is an artificial intelligence and neuroscience researcher.

Career
George received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 2006 and was a visiting fellow at the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at the University of California, Berkeley.

In 2005, George pioneered hierarchical temporal memory and cofounded the AI research startup Numenta, Inc. with Jeff Hawkins and Donna Dubinsky. In 2010, George left Numenta to join D. Scott Phoenix in founding Vicarious, an AI research project funded by internet billionaires Peter Thiel and Dustin Moskovitz.

The Alphabet-owned company Intrinsic acquired Vicarious in 2022. The AI and robotics divisions merged with Intrinsic, while the research division (including George) joined DeepMind. As of 2022, George is a Research Scientist at DeepMind.

References

1977 births
American neuroscientists
Scientists from Kerala
Living people
Scientists from the San Francisco Bay Area
American people of Indian descent
Adventure F series. The Adventure F series is a family of French paramotor designs that was designed and produced by Adventure SA of Méré, Yonne, for powered paragliding.

Design and development
The aircraft series features a paraglider-style high-wing, single-place accommodation and a single engine in pusher configuration. Take-off and landing is accomplished by foot. The series was designed for portability and as a result is of small dimensions and light weight. All versions can be disassembled to be transported in the trunk of an automobile or checked as baggage on an airline flight.

Factory options available included electric starting, a fuel gauge, quieter four-bladed propeller and the capability to carry a second person in tandem.

Variants
F1
The basic model of the line, powered by a  Solo 210 engine. The F1 can carry a pilot of . Sold for US$6500 in 2001.
F2
Powered by a  Solo 210 engine, with the  Zenoah G-25 engine optional. The F2 can carry a pilot of . Sold for US$7000 in 2001.
F3
Powered by a  Zenoah G-25 engine, the F3 can carry a pilot of . Sold for US$7000 in 2001.
F4
Powered by a  Zenoah G-25 engine, the F4 can carry a pilot of . Sold for US$7000 in 2001.

Specifications (F1)

See also
Paramotor Inc FX series

References

F
1990s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Paramotors
Raptor Resource Project. The Raptor Resource Project is a non-profit organization whose members work to preserve the health and population levels of falcons, eagles, ospreys, hawks and owls. The project, established in 1988, protects more than 40 nests and nesting areas in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Colorado.

Artificial nests
One of the project's main activities is safe nesting sites where raptors can raise their young. Power plant stacks have proven to be good locations for these nests. More than 1,000 baby peregrine falcons have been hatched from power plant nests.

Education
The Raptor Resource Project provides education about nest site management and nest creation to future preservationists, in keeping of with their goal of increasing participation in the protection of raptors.

Research

Bird cams
The RPP also develops and employs non-intrusive methods of viewing the birds and their nest sites, so that scientists and the general public can learn more about the lives of raptors.  RPP members have set up cameras which webcast from many raptor nests.  They set up their first camera to view a bald eagle nest in Decorah, Iowa.  Subsequent webcasts include the Missouri Turkey Vulture Cam, River View Tower Falcon Cam, Eagle Crest Bird Cam, Xcel Fort St. Brain Eagle Cam, Xcel Valmont Owl Cam, Xcel Osprey Cam, Xcel Kestrel Cam, Xcel King Falcons, Xcel Blackdog Falcons, Xcel Sherco Falcons, Elk River Falcons, and the Red Wing Grain Falcons.

Banding
The organization also participates in the banding of raptors so that their travel paths can be studied.

References 

 Munson: Decorah eagles are stars online, in person Demoines Register Apr. 9, 2011  
 Bald Eagle 'D12' Electrocuted To Death In Decorah Nest In Iowa, Says Raptor Resource Project International Business Times
 Decorah eagle spending summer in Canada. The Gazette.

External links
 Raptor Resource Project - official site

Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Iowa
Raptor organizations
Winneshiek County, Iowa
Ornithological organizations in the United States
Water Literacy Foundation. Water Literacy Foundation  is a non-governmental environmental organisation based in Bangalore, Karnataka, whose high goal is to make India a "water-efficient nation" by raising awareness about water scarcity and establishing rainwater harvesting in all areas of India.

History
Ayyappa Masagi,  
who had been working as a mechanical engineer at Larsen & Toubro for 23 years, started to experiment with rainwater harvesting and non-irrigational agricultural methods in 1994. After a few years of successful results in his native region, Gadag,  Karnataka, India, he quit his job to focus on working in the field of rainwater harvesting.
 
It was in 2004 when he earned the Ashoka fellowship for his work on water conservation. One year later, with the support of Ashoka: Innovators for the Public, he started Water Literacy Foundation, located in Bangalore, India. To obtain a change in India by 2020, the NGO is working to support farmers by giving them knowledge about non-irrigational agriculture and rainwater harvesting and realising projects that fight water scarcity.  The activities of the foundation expand to individual houses and industries, trying to create solutions to the shortage of water linked to the fast-growing population of Bangalore.

In 2008, the foundation became associated with a new project: Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (I)  in a cross-subsidisation model. The social business implements rainwater harvesting systems for industries. Besides, it is funding the campaigns of the foundation among farmers and schools. Ayyappa Masagi was awarded the Jamnalal Bajaj Award in 2009.

Only four years later, the associated organisation entered the Limca Book of Records for constructing 500 lakes - that is the highest number of artificial lakes created by one company. Furthermore, the NGO claim to have indirectly recharged more than 70,000 borewells and reached around 1.5 million people in 36,000 locations.

Activities

The goal of the foundation is to raise awareness about water shortages and implement rainwater harvesting systems in farms, houses, and industries. It offers several systems:
 Rooftop rainwater harvesting
 Lake type borewell recharging
 Infiltration wells
 Stream water harvesting
 Seepage recharging
 Sump type borewell recharging
 Non-irrigational agricultural practices
 Tree-based agriculture

To raise awareness, the foundation attends rallies, sponsors lectures, and gives talks at conferences such as TEDx conference, school education programs, or world water day events.

The foundation publishes books that instruct farmers to implement rainwater harvesting systems by themselves.  The foundation is helped by international volunteers mainly hosted through a program of FSL India.

See also

 Rainwater harvesting
 Water conservation

References

External links
 
 Interview of Ayyappa Masagi by Think Change India
Interview of Ayyappa Masagi by KnowYourStar.com

Environmental organisations based in India
Organisations based in Bengaluru
Organizations established in 2005
Water conservation in India
Nature conservation organisations based in Asia
2005 establishments in Karnataka
Michel Bernard (administrator). Michel Bernard, born the 1st of March 1943 at Bourges, graduate of École Polytechnique (promotion 1964) and École nationale de l'aviation civile  (promotion 1967), was the head of the Agence nationale pour l'emploi from 1995 to 2005.

Biography 
Michel Bernard has performed a career in French administration and national companies.

He starts his career in 1969 at the service technique de la navigation aérienne (air navigation technical department) then becomes head of the centre en route de la navigation aérienne Nord (North en route air navigation center) in 1978.

He is promoted Directeur général de l'aviation civile in 1993.

During this period, he was director of human resources at Snecma, Air France director and Air Inter President from November 1993 until March 1995, when he resigned, denouncing the "backward-looking categorical protection" which are attached the unions.

He is head of the ANPE from 1995 till 2005 (his predecessor was Michel Bon and his successor Christian Charpy).

Since October 1995, Michel Bernard is head of the board of directors of the Fonds d'aide et de soutien pour l'intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (Aid funds and support for integration and the fight against discrimination).

Michel Bernard is the current President of the "cultures du coeur" ("hearth culture") association which works to fight against social exclusion by promoting access to cultural and sporting events.

Bibliography 
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, Juin 2005, 782 p. (), p. 61, Bernard, Michel

References 

French aerospace engineers
École Polytechnique alumni
École nationale de l'aviation civile alumni
Corps de l'aviation civile
Corps des ponts
Living people
Aviation in France
20th-century French businesspeople
1943 births
Space program of France
21st-century French businesspeople
Waveform shaping. Waveform shaping in electronics is the modification of the shape of an electronic waveform. It is in close connection with waveform diversity  and waveform design, which are extensively studied in signal processing. Shaping the waveforms
are of particular interest in active sensing (radar, sonar) for better detection performance, as well as communication schemes (CDMA, frequency hopping), and biology (for animal stimuli design).
 
See also Modulation, Pulse compression, Spread spectrum, Transmit diversity, Ambiguity function, Autocorrelation, and Cross-correlation.

Further reading
 Hao He, Jian Li, and Petre Stoica. Waveform design for active sensing systems: a computational approach. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
 Solomon W. Golomb, and Guang Gong. Signal design for good correlation: for wireless communication, cryptography, and radar. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 M. Soltanalian. Signal Design for Active Sensing and Communications. Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology (printed by Elanders Sverige AB), 2014.
 Nadav Levanon, and Eli Mozeson. Radar signals. Wiley. com, 2004.
 Jian Li, and Petre Stoica, eds. Robust adaptive beamforming. New Jersey: John Wiley, 2006.
 Fulvio Gini, Antonio De Maio, and Lee Patton, eds. Waveform design and diversity for advanced radar systems. Institution of engineering and technology, 2012.
 Mark R. Bell, "Information theory and radar waveform design." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 39.5 (1993): 1578–1597.
 Robert Calderbank, S. Howard, and Bill Moran. "Waveform diversity in radar signal processing." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 26.1 (2009): 32–41.
 Augusto Aubry, Antonio De Maio, Bo Jiang, and Shuzhong Zhang. "Ambiguity function shaping for cognitive radar via complex quartic optimization." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 61 (2013): 5603–5619.
 John J. Benedetto, Ioannis Konstantinidis, and Muralidhar Rangaswamy. "Phase-coded waveforms and their design." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 26.1 (2009): 22–31.
 Mojtaba Soltanalian, and Petre Stoica. "Computational design of sequences with good correlation properties." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 60.5 (2012): 2180–2193.
 Mohammad Mahdi Naghsh, M. Soltanalian, P. Stoica, M. Modarres-Hashemi, A. De Maio, and A. Aubry, "A Doppler Robust Design of Transmit Sequence and Receive Filter in the Presence of Signal-Dependent Interference", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,  62.4 (2014): 772–785.

References

Signal processing
Langley Gold Medal. The Langley Gold Medal, or Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics, is an award given by the Smithsonian Institution for outstanding contributions to the sciences of aeronautics and astronautics.  Named in honor of Samuel P. Langley, the Smithsonian's third Secretary, it was authorized by the Board of Regents in 1909.

The medal was suggested by Alexander Graham Bell. It is awarded for "meritorious investigations in connection with the science of aerodromics and its application to aviation".

List of award winners

(Reference unless given individually)
1910 Orville and Wilbur Wright   
1913 Glenn Curtiss, Gustave Eiffel
1927 Charles Lindbergh
1929 Charles M. Manly (posthumously awarded), Richard E. Byrd
1935 Joseph S. Ames
1955 Jerome Clarke Hunsaker
1960 Robert H. Goddard (posthumously awarded) 
1962 Hugh Latimer Dryden
1964 Alan Shepard 
1967 Wernher von Braun
1971 Samuel C. Phillips 
1976 James E. Webb 
1976 Grover Loening
1981 Charles Stark Draper
1981 Robert T. Jones
1983 Ross Perot, Jr. and Jay Coburn
1987 Barry Goldwater 
1992 Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.
1999 Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins

See also

 List of aviation awards

References

American science and technology awards
Aviation awards
Awards established in 1910
Civil awards and decorations of the United States
Smithsonian Institution