omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Carlijn Bouten. Carlijn V.C. Bouten (born 1967) is a Dutch professor of Cell-Matrix Interactions at the department of Biomedical Engineering of Eindhoven University of Technology since 2010. She specializes in tissue engineering.

Bouten studied  functional anatomy, biomechanics and exercise physiology at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and obtained her MsC there in 1991. In 1995 she obtained her PhD at Eindhoven University of Technology. In 1998 she became assistant professor of Cellular Biomechanics and in 2002 associate professor of tissue engineering. In 2010 she became full professor.

In 2016, Bouten was awarded a prize for her work in materials-driven regeneration by the Dutch Government's Gravitation program.

One of her research projects is the growing of heart valve inside the human body.

Bouten was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017.

References

1967 births
Living people
Eindhoven University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Eindhoven University of Technology
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam alumni
Stuart Mustow. Stuart Norman Mustow CBE (26 November 1928 – 2 June 2019) was a British civil engineer.  Mustow has a long association with municipal engineering, being county surveyor of the West Midlands from 1974 to 1986.  He was involved in the development of the M5 and M6 motorways and in bringing the Birmingham Inner Ring Road under the control of his county (rather than the city authority).  Mustow retired from municipal work in 1986 to enter private practice and was later a director at WS Atkins.  Mustow was president of the Institution of Municipal Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers and was a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Municipal engineering 
Stuart Mustow was born on 26 November 1928 in Smethwick, Staffordshire.  Mustow spent his early career in local government, during which time he supported the development of the M5 and M6 motorways, and was county surveyor for the West Midlands from 1974 to 1986.  During his time in office it was discovered that defective cement had been used in bridge beams at St Chad's Circus and eight other locations on the Birmingham Inner Ring Road, much of this had been built by the same contractor;  as a consequence, in July 1978 Mustow recommended that the responsibility for maintenance of the road be taken from Birmingham City Council and given to West Midlands County Council.  This measure was approved by the Department of the Environment and was seen as a loss of face for the Birmingham Council.  Mustow was president of the Institution of Municipal Engineers at some point prior to 1983.

Later career 
Mustow retired from local authority work in 1986 to become a consulting engineer.  He also appeared on radio and television programmes and in Private Eye.  Mustow is a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and served as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) between November 1993 and November 1994.  During his presidency he made steps to secure greater recognition of the role of the civil engineer in society and made changes to the ICE's annual report such that it made reference to an annual survey of the attitudes of its members.  Mustow was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1995 New Year Honours for services to civil engineering, at which point he was a non-executive director of WS Atkins.  Mustow ran the "S and S Mustow Trust" with his wife Sigrid between 21 October 1970 and 15 February 2017.  The charity made grants to educational, religious and poverty relief charities and individuals and was defined as a Protestant Christian organisation.  He died in June 2019 following a short illness.

References 

British civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People from Smethwick
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
1928 births
2019 deaths
Vanadium(II) sulfate. Vanadium(II) sulfate describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula VSO4(H2O)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 7.  The hexahydrate is most commonly encountered.  It is a violet solid that dissolves in water to give air-sensitive solutions of the aquo complex.  The salt is isomorphous with [Mg(H2O)6]SO4.  Compared to the V–O bond length of 191 pm in [V(H2O)6]3+, the V–O distance is 212 pm in the [V(H2O)6]SO4.  This nearly 10% elongation reflects the effect of the lower charge, hence weakened electrostatic attraction.  

The heptahydrate has also been crystallized. The compound is prepared by electrolytic reduction of vanadyl sulfate in sulfuric acid.  The crystals also feature [V(H2O)6]2+ centers but with an extra water of crystallization.  The salt is isomorphous with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. A related salt is vanadous ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2V(SO4)2·6H2O, a Tutton's salt isomorphous with ferrous ammonium sulfate.

References

Vanadium(II) compounds
Sulfates
Joseph Braat. Joseph J.M. Braat (born 5 November 1946) is a Dutch optics engineer and scientist. Between 1973 and 1998 he worked at Philips Research Laboratories. He was professor of optics at Delft University of Technology between 1998 and 2008.

Career
Braat was born in Breda on 5 November 1946. He studied physics at Delft University of Technology. After his graduation he moved to France to work at the coherent optics group of Serge Lowenthal at the Institut d'Optique in Orsay. His PhD thesis was on holography using spatially incoherent light. In 1973 Braat returned to the Netherlands to work at Philips Research Laboratories. There he contributed to early research on optical disc systems. During this period he developed a theory together with Harold Hopkins and Gijs Bouwhuis on the read-out of optical discs through diffraction of light by the information carrying disc structure. He also contributed to the design of light paths for optical disc systems. At Philips Research Laboratories Braat contributed to lens and system design for early photolithographic systems by Philips and ASML.

In 1988 Braat became a part-time professor of geometrical optics at Delft University of Technology. In 1998 he became a full professor of optics. During this time he performed research on extreme ultraviolet lithography, optical aperture synthesis for astronomy, high density optical recording, Extended Nijboer-Zernike theory and Terahertz imaging. In 1991 Braat was one of the founders of the European Optical Society. From 2004 to 2006 he served as its President. Braat retired as professor in 2008.

In 1994 Braat won the Edward Longstreth Medal for Computer and Cognitive Science of the Franklin Institute for "contributions to optical data recording and design of aspherical objective lenses for read-out systems of optical storage". Braat was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001. He became a Fellow of the European Optical Society in 2012. In 2019 he received the Holst Memorial Lecture Award from Eindhoven University of Technology.

Braat has received 60 US patents.

Bibliography 
Braat is the author or co-author of some 150 scientific publications. His main work is the 1000-page textbook Imaging Optics, which also contains contribution from second author Peter Török.

Books 

 G. Bouwhuis, J. Braat, A. Huijser, J. Pasman, G. van Rosmalen, K.A.S. Immink, Principles of Optical Disc Systems, Hilger, Bristol, UK (1985).
 J. Braat, P. Török, Imaging Optics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (2019).

References

External links
Profile at Delft University of Technology
Profile at KNAW
Extended Nijboer-Zernike theory

1946 births
Living people
Delft University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Delft University of Technology
Dutch engineers
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Optical engineers
People from Breda
Nuclear computation. Nuclear computation is a type of computation which allows threads to either spawn new threads or converge many threads to one. The aim of nuclear computation is to take advantage of threading abilities of modern multi-core processors where the trend is to increase their hardware ability to compute more threads then their earlier generation processors.

Nuclear computation focuses on real time processing for things like multimedia such as processing audio where a real time deadline (the sample rate in Hz) exists. For that reason it should not block and computational processes which alter shared memory must be atomic (executed in one clock cycle without locking).

Nuclear computation allows a computational thread to use thread fission to turn one thread into many or thread fusion to turn many threads into one.

Analogy to nuclear reactions 

As the name "nuclear computation" implies, there is an analogy between nuclear reactions and nuclear computation.

The nuclear fission analogy 

In nuclear physics, atoms decay or react where the atom's nucleus splits, producing several atoms. In nuclear computation, a computational thread splits into several processing threads.

The nuclear fusion analogy 

In nuclear physics, atoms may react together to fuse where several atomic nuclei may fuse into one nucleus. In nuclear computation, several computational threads fuse into one processing thread.

Component analogy

Speed 

Nuclear explosions are fast and lockless. Which suggests some requirements::
 lockless
 parallel
 ordered
 light weight
 low latency

Description

Thread fission 

Conceptually fission computation can cause a chain reaction, where one thread can signal many threads to start processing and they too may signal other threads to start processing. It is possible to starve the computer, where the computer runs out of resources and halts - either due to a lack of memory, power or disk resources.

Thread fusion 

Fusion computation is a type of threshold triggered computation, where several threads signal the single waiting thread, which begins execution once the required number of thread signals exceed the threshold of the waiting thread.

Implementation examples

History 
A previous analogy between nuclear reactions and computation were termed loop fission and fusion which were forms of compiler preprocessing. Loop fission (loop distribution) allowed one computational loop to be broken into separate loops by a compiler at compile time. Loop fusion (loop jamming) allowed many computational loops to be combined into one by the compiler at compiler time. These processes were not directly under the control of the programmer and were decided and controlled by the compiler.
In contrast to loop fission and fusion, nuclear computation fission and fusion are directly under the control of the programmer or the program at run time.

See also 

Concurrency pattern

References

Concurrency (computer science)
Masaka–Mutukula–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line. The Masaka–Mutukula–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line is a proposed high voltage electricity power line, connecting the high voltage substation at Masaka, in Masaka District, in the Central Region of  Uganda, to another high voltage substation at Mwanza, in Mwanza Region, in the Republic of Tanzania.

Location
The power line starts at the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited (UETCL) 220kV substation in Masaka. The line travels in a general southwesterly direction to Mutukula, at the international border with Tanzania. From Mutukula, the power line continues in a general southeasterly direction to Bukoba, on the western shores of Lake Victoria. From Bukoba, the line loops around the lake, and continues eastwards to end at Mwanza. The Ugandan portion of the power line measures . The distance travelled by the power line in Tanzania is approximately .

Overview
This power line is intended to enable Uganda and Tanzania  to share electric energy. As part of the energy-sharing protocols of the East African Community, and Nile Basin Initiative, Uganda plans to increase energy sales to Tanzania, when Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station comes online. The construction of this high voltage power line has been planned as far back as 2011.

Construction
As of January 2018, the feasibility study, environmental impact assessment and population resettlement plans were complete. Plans to construct the power line were underway, under the auspices of the East African Community. In February 2019, Uganda's junior energy minister, Simon D'Ujanga announced that funds had been secured to upgrade this power line to 400kV.

In May 2022 during meetings held in Entebbe, Uganda between Presidents Yoweri Museveni of Uganda and his guest, Samia Suluhu of Tanzania, an MOU was signed for the two countries to source funds and build this power line at 400kV. In the EastAfrican newspaper the power line is referred to as the Masaka–Mutukula–Kyaka–Nyakanazi–Mwanza High Voltage Power Line.

See also
 Bujagali–Tororo–Lessos High Voltage Power Line
 Nkenda–Fort Portal–Hoima High Voltage Power Line
 Nkenda–Mpondwe–Beni High Voltage Power Line

References

External links
Website of the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited
Tanzania-Kenya joint power project kicks into high gear As of 9 February 2019.

High-voltage transmission lines in Uganda
High-voltage transmission lines in Tanzania
Proposed electric power transmission systems
Proposed electric power infrastructure in Uganda
Proposed electric power infrastructure in Tanzania
Coarctate reaction. In organic chemistry, a coarctate reaction is a concerted reaction whose transition state involves two rings, in which at least one atom undergoes the simultaneous making and breaking of two bonds. It is an uncommon reaction topology, compared with linear topology and pericyclic topology (itself subdivided into Hückel and Möbius topologies). The name is derived .

Transition state topologies
Reactions of linear topology are the most common, and consist of all transformations whose transition states are acyclic, including addition, elimination, substitution, and (some types of) fragmentation reactions. By contrast, in pericyclic reactions, the atoms under chemical change form a single closed cycle, and include reactions like the Diels–Alder reaction and Cope rearrangement, among many others.

In contrast to these types of reactions, a coarctate reaction is characterized by a doubly cyclic transition state, in which at least one atom undergoes the simultaneous making and breaking of two bonds.  Thus, the topology of the transition state of a coarctate reaction is a constricted cycle that meets with itself (resembling a figure eight) while the topology of pericyclic and linear reactions are a circle (or Möbius strip) and line segment, respectively.  The concept was first proposed by Rainer Herges.

Examples 
The most well-known example of a coarctate transition state is that of the epoxidation of an olefin by dimethyldioxirane.  In this transition state, the oxygen atom transferred to the olefin forms a cycle with the acetone leaving group and a cycle with the olefin undergoing epoxidation.  Another well-studied reaction is the fragmentation of spirocyclic ozonides into formaldehyde, CO2, and an olefin.

Selection rules, resembling the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, have been proposed to explain patterns in reaction activation energy related to transition state topology or orbital symmetry.

References 

Organic reactions
Titanyl sulfate. Titanyl sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula TiOSO4.  It is a white solid that forms by treatment of titanium dioxide with fuming sulfuric acid.  It hydrolyzes to a gel of hydrated titanium dioxide.  The structure consists of dense polymeric network with tetrahedral sulfur and octahedral titanium centers.  The six ligands attached to titanium are derived from four different sulfate moieties and a bridging oxide.  A monohydrate is also known, being prepared similarly to the anhydrous material.  In the hydrate, one Ti–OS bond is replaced by Ti–OH2.

References

Titanium compounds
Sulfates
List of active United States Air Force aircraft. The following is a list of currently active military aircraft in the United States Air Force.

Aircraft

Images

See also
Future military aircraft of the United States
List of military aircraft of the United States
List of U.S. DoD aircraft designations
List of currently active United States naval aircraft
List of United States Air Force squadrons
List of active U.S. Air Force aircraft squadrons
UAVs in the U.S. military

Notes

References

Bibliography 

Aircraft
United States military aircraft
Seabed Constructor. Seabed Constructor is a multipurpose offshore vessel owned by Swire Seabed and contracted since December 2016 to British-owned hydrographic survey company Ocean Infinity, based in Houston, Texas, United States. Previously known as Olympic Athene and originally Olympic Boa, the ship was launched in 2013 and is flagged in Norway. The ship is designed to conduct geophysical and geotechnical surveys of the seabed, support the construction or demolition of underwater structures, conduct trenching and excavation operations, and serve as a ROV platform for the company's autonomous underwater vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles. The ship is  in length, with a  beam, a gross tonnage of 7,883, and deadweight tonnage of 6,480 metric tons. Its maximum speed is . 

Seabed Constructor participated in the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. It was operated by Ocean Infinity on a 90-day search contract for the missing aircraft; the mission ended unsuccessfully in mid-June 2018.

Seabed Constructor was then contracted by the Argentine Navy to search for the missing submarine ARA San Juan. On 17 November 2018, Seabed Constructor found San Juan a year and two days after the submarine's disappearance. The submarine lies on the seabed at a depth of  below sea level.

On 22 July 2019, the French government announced that drones launched from Seabed Constructor had found the , lost at sea in 1968.

On 4 December 2019, search teams from Seabed Constructor located the wreckage of , the flagship of the German Empire's East Asia Squadron during World War I, at a depth of , some  southeast of the Falkland Islands.

References

2013 ships
Ships of Norway
Vessels involved in the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
National Assessment Group. The National Assessment Group (NAG) operates as an entity within the United States Department of Defense. Its primary role involves offering engineering, technical, and assessment assistance to both the Department of Defense (DoD) and other governmental bodies. NAG's clientele encompasses various entities such as the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Combatant Commands (CCMDs), Joint organizations, individual Services, and additional federal government agencies.

NAG's primary function is to deliver impartial assessment services to support time-sensitive programmatic decisions. These assessments span a wide array of domains and systems. Each assessment is meticulously customized to align with the unique requirements of the respective clients. NAG frequently conducts rapid, independent evaluations to explore, showcase, and gauge the capabilities, technical attributes, potential threats, and vulnerabilities of systems.

The scope of systems under assessment by NAG is extensive, encompassing those in early developmental stages to those poised for operational deployment. The National Assessment Group operates out of Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico.

External links
 NAG Facebook Site

References

United States Department of Defense agencies
Orbe-Chavornay railway. The Orbe-Chavornay railway (OC) is a 3.9 km long standard gauge railway in Vaud, Switzerland which links the towns of Orbe and Chavornay, where there is an interchange with the Jura Foot Line. The line was opened in 1894 and was operated by electric traction from the start, as the first electrified standard-gauge railway in Switzerland. It is the only standard gauge railway in Switzerland using DC electrification.

The line was originally owned by the municipal power company but the original company was taken over by Travys in June 2003.

Modernisation
There are plans to upgrade the line and change the electrification system to the Swiss standard 15 kV AC system, allowing direct trains from Orbe to Lausanne as part of the RER Vaud. The modernisation will also provide accessible stations and increase capacity for goods traffic. The estimated costs of the project are 100 million Swiss Francs and direct trains to Lausanne are expected to begin running in 2026.

To ease the transition and after the existing railcars faced technical defects, in 2022 Travys acquired two GT8-100C/2S tram-train vehicles from Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft. These previously operated on the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn and are equipped with both 750 V DC and 15 kV AC electrification.

References

External links

Railway lines in Switzerland
Railway lines opened in 1894
Transport in the canton of Vaud
750 V DC railway electrification
Stephen Huntley Watt. Stephen Huntley Watt (born 1984) is an American computer security consultant and hacker, known for his involvement in the TJX data breach.

After his release from federal prison, he was involved in some security projects, such as the Subgraph OS in 2017.

On August 8, 2014, he and Ladar Levison presented the Dark Internet Mail Environment (DIME) protocol at DEF CON.

References

External links
 https://www.wired.com/2009/06/watt/
 http://www.cgisecurity.com/2009/06/stephen-wattjimjonesunix-terrorist-to-be-sentenced-monday.html
 PRWeb
 https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/02/12/what-it-s-like-to-be-a-hacker-in-prison
 http://news.softpedia.com/news/Programmer-Accused-of-Assisting-Hackers-in-the-T-J-Maxx-Hit-97139.shtml

1984 births
American cybercriminals
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)