omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Mathukumalli Vidyasagar. Mathukumalli Vidyasagar  (born 29 September 1947) is a leading control theorist and a Fellow of Royal Society. He is currently  a Distinguished Professor in Electrical Engineering  at IIT Hyderabad. Previously he was the Cecil & Ida Green (II) Chair of Systems Biology Science at the University of Texas at Dallas. Prior to that he was an executive vice-president at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) where he headed the Advanced Technology Center. Earlier, he was the director of Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), a DRDO defence lab in Bangalore. He is the son of eminent mathematician M V Subbarao.

His Erdős number is two and his Einstein number is three.

Early life and education 
He completed his bachelor's, master's and Ph. D. degrees from University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Career 
He began his career as an assistant professor at the Marquette University in 1969.

Awards and honors
Vidyasagar received several awards and honors, including:
 1983: IEEE Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), at the age of 35, one of the youngest to receive this honor, "for contributions to the stability analysis of linear and nonlinear distributed systems"
 1984: the Frederick Emmons Terman Award from the American Society for Engineering Education
 2004: IEEE Spectrum named him as one of forty "Tech Gurus"
 2008: the IEEE Control Systems Award
 2012: Became a Fellow of Royal Society
 2012: Rufus Oldenburger Medal
 2013: John R. Ragazzini Award, American Automatic Control Council - for outstanding contributions to automatic control education through publication of textbooks and research monographs
 2015: Jawaharlal Nehru Science Fellowship, Government of India
 2017: Fellow, International Federation of Automatic Control
 2017: Named as 125 "People of Impact" during the 125th anniversary of the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin

Books
 
 1978. Nonlinear Systems Analysis
 1981. Input-Output Analysis of Large-Scale Interconnected Systems: Decomposition, Well-Posedness and Stability
 1985. Control System Synthesis: A Factorization Approach
 1989. Robot dynamics and control. with Mark W. Spong
 1993. Nonlinear Systems Analysis, (Second Edition)
 1997. A Theory of Learning and Generalization: With Applications to Neural Networks and Control Systems
 2003. Learning and Generalization With Applications to Neural Networks, (Second Edition)
 2006. Robot modeling and control. with S. Hutchinson and Mark W. Spong
 2012. Computational Cancer Biology: An Interaction Networks Approach
 2014. Hidden Markov Processes: Theory and Applications to Biology

References

External links
 Home page
 

Control theorists
Indian roboticists
Fellows of the IEEE
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
1947 births
Living people
Telugu people
Engineers from Andhra Pradesh
Systems biologists
American people of Indian descent
American people of Telugu descent
Tata Consultancy Services people
Scientists from Andhra Pradesh
Indian business executives
Fellows of the Royal Society
20th-century Indian engineers
Indian technology writers
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
FFKM. FFKMs (by ASTM 1418 standard) (equivalent to FFPMs by ISO/DIN 1629 standard) are perfluoroelastomeric compounds containing an even higher amount of fluorine than FKM fluoroelastomers.

They have improved resistance to high temperatures and chemicals and even withstand environments where Oxygen-Plasma are present for many hours. Certain grades have a maximum continuous service temperature of . They are commonly used to make O-rings and gaskets that are used in applications that involve contact with hydrocarbons or highly corrosive fluids, or when a wide range of temperatures is encountered.

For vacuum applications, demanding very low contamination (out-gassing and particle emission) as well as high temperature operation (200–300 °C) for prolonged out-baking or processing times and where a copper or metal sealing is not possible or very inconvenient/expensive, a custom-made, clean-room manufactured, sealing such as Kalrez® 9100, SCVBR, Chemraz®, or Perlast can be used. After manufacturing, they are O-plasma vacuum cleaned (and/or vacuum baked) to reach out-gassing performance similar to Teflon while reaching vacuum leak tightness (permeability rates) similar to FKM (Viton) compounds. This combination of properties allows FFKM seals to reach well into UHV pressures without the use of metal sealing. However, they are significantly more expensive than standard FKM O-rings.

References

Organofluorides
Elastomers
Materials science
Fluoropolymers
Darwin Caldwell. Professor Darwin Caldwell (born Ballymena, Northern Ireland) is a researcher and academic in robotics who is currently Research Director at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa, Italy. Besides other robots, he was involved in the development of the iCub, a small-size humanoid robot being designed by the RobotCub Consortium.

Caldwell has published over 600 papers and has received awards at several international conference and events. He is visiting professor at the University of Sheffield, King's College London, University of Wales Bangor and University of Manchester.

Caldwell studied at Ballymena Academy and then completed his B.Sc and Ph.D in Robotics from the University of Hull in 1986 and 1990 respectively, and completed an MSc in Management at the University of Salford in 1994

His research interests include innovative actuators and sensors, haptic feedback, force augmentation exoskeletons, dexterous manipulators, humanoid robotics (iCub), bipedal and quadrupedal robots, biomimetic systems, rehabilitation robotics, telepresence and teleoperation procedures, and robotics and automation systems for the food industry.

He was previously at the University of Salford between 1989 and 2007 as a Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, Reader and finally Professor of Advanced Robotics in the Centre for Robotics and Automation between 1999 and 2007

He is currently Chair of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Chapter (UKRI) and a past co-chair of the IEE (IET) Robotics and Mechatronics. He is on the editorial board of Industrial Robot as well as being guest editor of several journals.

In association with Professor John Gray of the University of Salford, he was responsible for the establishment of the Yorkshire Forward funded Centre for Food Robotics and Automation (CenFRA).

References

External links
 Profile on Italian Institute of Technology website
 Profile on University of Sheffield website
 Profile on University of Wales Bangor website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Hull
Alumni of the University of Salford
Academics of the University of Salford
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of Bangor University
Academics of King's College London
People from Ballymena
People educated at Ballymena Academy
Roboticists from Northern Ireland
Industrial robotics
Scientists from County Antrim
Scholars and academics from County Antrim
IS-4 Jastrząb. The IS-4 Jastrząb (Instytut Szybownictwa – gliding institute) was a single-seat aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland from 1949.

Development 
The IS-4 was built for aerobatics with a high structural strength and a very high maximum speed which could not be achieved in a vertical dive. Due to the pilot's sitting position and the arrangements of the controls, it was difficult for pilots to exceed the 8g loading limit. During high speed flight it was possible for the air-brakes to be sucked out violently, so most pilots ensured that they remained closed by holding the airbrake control.

Variants 
 IS-4 Jastrząb – two prototypes built in 1949.
 IS-4 Jastrząb bis – Thirty-five production aircraft, three of which were exported.

Specifications (IS-4 Jastrząb bis)

See also

References

Further reading
  Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29

External links

 http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pis4.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100501051452/http://kionastore.com/plan-1530.html
 http://www.vintagesailplanes.de/szd__4.htm

1940s Polish sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Paul Jaray. Paul Jaray (Hungarian: Járay Pál; 11 March 1889 – 22 September 1974) was a Vienna-born engineer, designer, and a pioneer of automotive streamlining.

Life

Paul Jaray came from one of the oldest Prague-born Jewish families of scholars and artists called the Jeitteles, later his family moving to the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Jaray, of Hungarian-Jewish descent, was born in Vienna. Jaray studied at Maschinenbauschule in Vienna and worked at the Prague Technical University as an assistant to Professor Rudolf Dörfl.

Later he became the chief design engineer for the aircraft building firm Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen, designing seaplanes. From 1914 Jaray worked at Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, located in the same town, concentrating on streamlining airships. Jaray designed the airship LZ 120 Bodensee on which airships such as the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, the LZ 129 Hindenburg and the LZ-130 were later based. Further experiments in LZ's wind tunnel led to his establishment of streamlining principles for car designs. In 1923 he moved permanently to Switzerland, opening an office in Brunnen.

In 1923 Jaray founded the Stromlinien Karosserie Gesellschaft, which presented numerous designs for streamlined car body work. It issued licences to major vehicle manufacturers including Tatra Works in Kopřivnice, Czechoslovakia. Tatra was the only manufacturer that used Jaray's streamlining principles purchasing his licences for their car production. Jaray designed car bodies for other manufacturers starting with the 1922 Ley and followed on with designs for Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, Apollo, Dixi, Audi, Adler, Jawa, Ford, Steyr and others.

His own 1934 car was built on an Audi 2-litre Front chassis with a body by Huber and Brühwiler of Lucerne. Jaray also designed the body for the streamlined Auto Union Typ B Lucca Rennlimousine in 1934. Jaray was also interested in radio and television technology. In 1941 he worked for Farner AG in Grenchen on nosewheel undercarriage design. In 1944 he set up as an independent engineer working on wind-driven power station.
He was the author of a large number of technical patents relating to streamlining, air compressors for railway, and devices for handling gases in silencers. Later he lectured at the Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zürich, which now holds Paul Jaray's archive.

Jaray died in 1974 in St. Gallen impoverished and forgotten by the automobile industry.

See also
 Tatra
 Automobile drag coefficient

Notes

External links
BMW Car Designers Paul Jaray in the overview of the BMW automotive designers.

References
 
 
 
 de Syon, Guillaume: 'The Teardrop that Fell From the Sky: Paul Jaray and Automotive Aerodynamics', ITEA Journal 2008, 29, pp. 14–16
 

1889 births
1974 deaths
Engineers from Austria-Hungary
Airship designers
Austrian automobile designers
Austrian automotive engineers
Austrian automotive pioneers
Austrian inventors
Austrian Jews
Hungarian Jews
Austrian people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Austrian people of Czech-Jewish descent
Engineers from Vienna
Paddle wheel. A paddle wheel is a form of waterwheel or impeller in which a number of paddles are set around the periphery of the wheel.  It has several uses, of which some are:

 Very low-lift water pumping, such as flooding paddy fields at no more than about  height above the water source.
 To move and mix algae culture in the raceway ponds used for algaculture. 
 Propulsion of watercraft (as a paddlewheel)
 Low head hydro power (as a waterwheel)
 Flow sensors
 Aerators

The paddle wheel is an ancient invention but is still used today in a wide range of industrial and agriculture applications.

Ship propulsion

Paddle wheels would enable ships to travel without needing wind or oars. They were made obsolete by propellers, which had greater propulsion with lower weight and fuel usage. This was demonstrated by an 1845 tug-of-war competition between  and  with the screw-driven Rattler pulling the paddle steamer Alecto backward at .

Physics 
The paddle wheel is a device for converting between rotary motion of a shaft and linear motion of a fluid. In the linear-to-rotary direction, it is placed in a fluid stream to convert the linear motion of the fluid into rotation of the wheel. Such a rotation can be used as a source of power, or as an indication of the speed of flow. In the rotary-to-linear direction, it is driven by a prime mover such as an electric motor or steam engine and used to pump a fluid or propel a vehicle such as a paddle-wheel steamer or a steamship.

References

Watermills
Pumps
Acaray Dam. The Acaray Dam is a hydroelectric dam situated in Hernandarias, Paraguay. It has an electrical output of , supplying 3% of Paraguay's electricity demand.

HVDC-back-to-back station 
The power plant's switchyard has a HVDC back-to-back station built by Siemens in 1981. It has a power rating of  and an operating voltage of . It converts the electrical frequency from 50 hertz to 60 hertz to supply electricity to Brazil's power grid, which operates at 60 Hz (Paraguay's power grid operates at a frequency of 50 hertz).

This back-to-back station is inoperative since 03 September 2007.

Culture 
It is depicted in the 50 guaranies coin in Paraguay.

See also 

 List of power stations in Paraguay

Notes

Energy infrastructure completed in 1981
Hydroelectric power stations in Paraguay
Ciudad del Este
U-30 tow tractor. The U-30 tow tractor is an aircraft towing vehicle used by the United States and Allied Air Force. There are several models of the U-30 tractor, with weight characteristics from .

The first generation was designed and delivered in 1968 to the Air Force by the Oshkosh Truck Corporation. The vehicle was required for the then-new Lockheed C-5 Galaxy aircraft, the largest in the USAF's inventory. Oshkosh delivered a total of 45 vehicles under that contract. Since then, several manufacturers have produced the U-30 vehicle, to include Stewart & Stevenson and FMC Technologies (now JBT AeroTech). The Air Force also purchases remanufactured U-30 tow tractors. Melton Sales and Service of Bordentown, New Jersey currently has this contract in which three variants of the U-30 tow tractor are overhauled.

See also
 MB-2 tow tractor
 M2 high-speed tractor
 Omni Directional Vehicle

References

Aircraft ground handling
Tractors
Oshkosh vehicles
Gunnar von Heijne. Professor Nils Gunnar Hansson von Heijne, born 10 June 1951 in Gothenburg, is a Swedish scientist working on signal peptides, membrane proteins and bioinformatics at the Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research at Stockholm University.

Education
Gunnar von Heijne graduated 1975 with a Master of Science degree in chemistry and chemical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). He then became a doctoral student in theoretical physics at KTH, in a research group focussing on statistical mechanics and theoretical biophysics, and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1980. In 1983 he was made docent in theoretical biophysics at KTH, where he remained until 1988. 1982-1985 he was active as a science reporter at Sveriges Radio. 1989-1994 he was active at Karolinska Institutet, and in 1994 he was made a professor in theoretical chemistry at Stockholm University.

Research
von Heijne's research primarily concerns membrane proteins, and he is one of the most cited Swedish scientists in the areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. He heads the Center for Biomembrane Research at Stockholm University.

Awards
In 2012 he was awarded the Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award by the International Society for Computational Biology.

von Heijne is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 1997 and a member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry from 2001 to 2009, and the Committees chairman from 2007 to 2009. In 2008, he received an honorary doctorate at Åbo Akademi.

References 

1951 births
Living people
Swedish bioinformaticians
Swedish chemists
Swedish physicists
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Karolinska Institute
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the International Society for Computational Biology
Computational chemists
Alessandro Buzio. Tenente Colonnello Alessandro Buzio was an Italian World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories, four of them shared.

Early life and service
Alessandro Buzio was born in Pavia on 13 January 1893. He studied accounting in school. On 13 December 1913, he reported for his reserve officer training in military service with the 1st Engineers Regiment. After earning a couple of promotions in the enlisted ranks, Buzio was commissioned as a Sottotenente in the 5th Engineers Regiment on 8 November 1914.

Aerial service in World War I
On 23 May 1915, Buzio was assigned to aviation duty. He began pilot's training on 9 June 1915. On 7 December 1915, he was awarded his military pilot's license.

By February 1916, Buzio was flying Macchi Parasols. On 24 April 1916, he was posted to 75a Squadriglia. On 27 June 1916, he scored his first aerial victory in concert with Guido Nardini and other Italian pilots. This feat earned him a Bronze Medal for Military Valor. In October 1916, he was promoted to Tenente.

On 27 April 1917, he was posted to the 81a Squadriglia. He would score another shared victory while with this squadron, and be awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor. He would score his third victory with 76a Squadriglia on 22 September 1917, though records show his official transfer as being on 1 November. He would score three more times with 76a, with a couple of shared victories on 3 May 1918 rounding off his tally.

On 15 July 1918, during the Battle of the Piave River, Buzio managed to taxi his Hanriot Scout airplane into that of Lieutenant J. W. Davis of No. 66 Squadron RAF in a ground accident.

Post World War I
A postwar committee from military intelligence vetted the wartime aerial victory claims and released verification on 1 February 1919. Alessandro Buzio was credited with five confirmed victories.

Buzio served in the air force reserves in the 1930s. In 1940, he left flight status as a Tenente Colonnello. Alessandro Buzio died on 1 October 1972.

Notes

References
 Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory.  Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of WWI. Grub Street, 1997. , .

External links
Biography in Italian at Kaos Online (reliability uncertain)

1893 births
1972 deaths
Italian World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
DB Class 151. The Class 151 is an electric heavy freight locomotive built for German Federal Railways between 1972 and 1978. They were built as a replacement for the ageing Class 150, in order to cope with the increased requirements of this type of locomotive, in particular the desire of a  top speed.

Locomotives of Hector Rail are designated as Class 162.

Technical specifications
The locomotives have a Co-Co wheel arrangement, and a weight of .

History
On 21 November 1972 the first locomotive, 151 001, was delivered by AEG and Krupp. It was followed by 11 further pilot locomotives, which were extensively tested before the main order was built. Altogether 170 locomotives were built. Originally the Class 151 locomotives were also suitable for passenger service, however it is not possible anymore due to the lack of required safety equipment.

Deutsche Bahn's Class 151 fleet was sold to leasing company Railpool in 2017.

Saar-Rail bought three Class 151 locomotives in 2018. Two of them operate on freight services with torpedo cars, while one locomotive serves as a spare parts donor.

, 34 locomotives are in service with private railway companies. DB Cargo has leased 19 locomotives.

References

External links

Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
151
Co′Co′ locomotives
AEG locomotives
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Siemens locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1972
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Freight locomotives
Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe
Jackson Graham. Jackson Graham (June 27, 1915 – March 2, 1985) was a major general of the Army Corps of Engineers in the United States Army and was the first general manager for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA).

Early life and education
He was born in Mosier, Oregon, and during high school he joined his father, a bridge construction foreman on the construction of the main piers of the Golden Gate Bridge as well as several other projects. He received a Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Oregon State University in 1936. He was student body president at OSU during his senior year and served in the Reserve Officers Training Corps.

Military service
Finishing in the top 3 percent on an army exam, he won a regular army engineering commission. He served with two combat engineer units in the European Theater during World War II and commanded three heavy pontoon battalions at Remagen. He gained the temporary rank of colonel just days before V-E day. During the Korean War, he commanded two engineer aviation groups. In the early 1950s, he served as the Corps of Engineers' chief of personnel. Later in his career he was district engineer in Portland, Oregon, and then in 1963 as a brigadier general he became commander of the Ohio River Division, in charge of all civil and military construction for 14 states. He became a major general in 1965 and was posted to Director of Civil Works. However, also in 1966, he underwent open-heart surgery to replace his Aortic Valve and retired in 1967 from the army with full disability.

WMATA General Manager
Jackson and his wife, Mabel Lee were planning a retirement in the motor home when approached by WMATA Chairman Walter Tobriner and NCTA Administrator Walter McCarter about taking the position of General Manager. Accepting after repeated pleas and after satisfying himself that the subway was going to be built, he accepted and was sworn in on March 17, 1967. He retired in early 1976.

Honors 
 Oregon State University Distinguished Service Award (1977)
 Inductee into Oregon Stater Engineering Hall of Fame (1999)

References 

 

1915 births
1985 deaths
Oregon State University alumni
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority general managers
United States Army personnel of World War II
UWE-2. UWE-2 (University Würzburg's Experimental satellite 2) was a follow-on picosatellite technology demonstration project within the CubeSat family standard, developed and built by students of the University of Würzburg, Germany. The overall objective is to demonstrate the capabilities of attitude determination and control in picosatellites.

Mission 

Developed by the University of Würzburg, its scientific objectives are:
 tests of methods and algorithms for attitude determination
 optimisation of internet protocol parameters, in order to adapt to the specific space environment.

Launch 
On 23 September 2009, at 06:21 UTC, UWE-2 was launched by a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launch vehicle (PSLV-C14) together with Oceansat-2 and three further CubeSats in a polar orbit at 720 km altitude. Successful operations could be initiated. Use of SPL (Single Picosatellite Launcher) of Astro und Feinwerktechnik Adlershof GmbH (Berlin), Germany, for the deployment of the CubeSats.

UWE-2 followed the earlier UWE-1. UWE-3 is also planned.

See also 

 List of CubeSats

References

External links 
 UWE-2 homepage
 Uni-Satellit UWE-2 erfolgreich gestartet, Gunnar Bartsch, Stabsstelle Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 23 September 2009
 information on UWE-3

Satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 2009
CubeSats
Satellites of Germany