omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
High dilution principle. In organic chemistry, the high dilution principle is a strategy for some macrocyclization reactions, i.e. the synthesis of macrocycles.  Unlike the synthesis of 5- and 6-membered rings, the preparation of larger rings competes unfavorably with polymerization reactions.  Polymers arise from coupling of long chain precursors.  Such reactions are disfavored when the acyclic compounds are dilute. Although high dilution reactions can be conducted in a batch reactor with large volumes of solvent, an alternative practical implementation entails slow addition of reactants, under conditions that the reactants are more rapidly consumed than the rate of addition. Typically, additions use one or more syringe pumps.  Illustrative is the synthesis of thiacyclopentadecane from 1,14-dibromotetradecane and sodium sulfide in 45% yield:
BrCH2(CH2)12CH2Br  +  Na2S   →   (CH2)14S  +  2 NaBr

A range of specialized glassware and instrumentation are often used, e.g. syringe pumps.

References

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. The Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK), formally known as Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge, is a wiki-based collection of key knowledge sources and references for systems engineering. The SEBoK is a curated wiki meaning that the content is managed by an editorial board, and updated on a regular basis. This wiki is a collaboration of three organizations: 1) International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2) IEEE Systems Council, and 3) Stevens Institute of Technology. The most recent version (v.2.10) was released on May 6, 2024.

History 
The Guide was developed over three years, from 2009 to 2012, through the contributions of 70 authors worldwide. During this period, three prototype versions were created. The first prototype (v.0.25) was a document that was released for review in September 2010. However, the final versions were all published online as agreed by the authors in January 2011. This switch to a wiki-based SEBoK began with v.0.50.

The first version of the SEBoK for public use was published online in September 2012. The initial release was named 2012 product of the year by the International Council on Systems Engineering. Since then, the guide had several revisions and minor updates leading to the 22nd release, as of May 2024. Version 1.7, released on October 27, 2016, added a new Healthcare Systems Engineering knowledge area.

Knowledge areas 
According to the site, the guide has a total of 26 knowledge areas distributed among the different parts. However, the majority of these knowledge areas can be grouped to form nine general knowledge areas. The general and specific knowledge areas are:

 Science & Technology Knowledge
 Introduction to Life Cycle Processes
 Life Cycle Models
 Concept Definition
 Domain Technology Knowledge
 System Definition
 System Realization
 System Deployment and Use
 Operational Environment Knowledge
 Engineering Discipline/ Specialty Knowledge
 Systems Engineering and Software Engineering
 Systems Engineering and Project Management
 Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
 Systems Engineering and Specialty Engineering
 Sector & Enterprise Knowledge
 Product Systems Engineering
 Service Systems Engineering
 Enterprise Systems Engineering
 Systems of Systems (SoS)
 Healthcare Systems Engineering
 Management & Leadership Knowledge
 Enabling Businesses and Enterprises
 Enabling Teams
 Enabling Individuals
 Systems Engineering Management
 Product and Service Life Management
 Education & Training Knowledge
 People & Competency Knowledge
 Systems Engineering Standards
 Social/ Systems Science Knowledge
 Systems Fundamentals
 Systems Science
 Systems Thinking
 Representing Systems with Models
 Systems Approach Applied to Engineered Systems

References

External links 
 Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)

Bodies of knowledge
Systems engineering
HD-1. HD-1 is a supersonic land-attack and anti-ship missile developed by Guangdong Hongda Mining Company. Unlike the similar CM-302, the HD-1 requires an add-on solid rocket booster.

See also
Related development

Comparable missiles

References

Guided missiles of the People's Republic of China
Anti-ship cruise missiles of the People's Republic of China
Air-to-surface missiles
Weapons of the People's Republic of China
MS Color Hybrid. MS Color Hybrid is a cruiseferry owned and operated by Color Line on their route between Sandefjord in Norway and Strömstad in Sweden. She is the largest plug-in diesel-electric hybrid vessel in the world and entered service in August 2019.

History
Color Line signed a letter of intent with Norwegian shipbuilder Ulstein Verft for the construction of Color Hybrid in January 2017.  The order was confirmed the following month, and construction began with a steel-cutting ceremony on 14 July at the CRIST shipyard in Gdynia, Poland.  On 16 April 2018, the ship's keel, built from 14 modules, was completed, with work in Poland to complete the hull continuing into October, when it was towed to Ulsteinvik for outfitting.  In early November, Color Hybrid's hull reached the shipbuilding hall in Ulsteinvik, where construction continued until her delivery in mid-2019.

After the delivery to Color Line in 2019, Color Hybrid has replaced  on the route between Sandefjord, Norway and Strömstad, Sweden.  Her hybrid propulsion system allows her to operate under battery power in the coastal areas outside of Sandefjord. The total travel time is 2.5 hours, the batteries would allow up to one hour of electric travel.

Design
Color Hybrid was built to a Fosen Yard design, and measures  long, with a capacity of up to 2,000 passengers and 500 vehicles, personnel on board is 100.  When delivered, she will be the largest plug-in hybrid vessel in the world. She is powered primarily by four Bergen Marine B33:45L diesel engines driving, supplemented by 5 MWh Siemens batteries weighing 65t that can power the ship for up to an hour. The battery system is charged via shore power at Sandefjord and from on-board generators driven by the diesel engines.

See also
Largest ferries of Europe

References

External links
 Color Line official website

Ferries of Norway
Cruiseferries
Ships built in Gdynia
Color Line (ferry operator)
Merchant ships of Norway
John Hannay Thompson. John Hannay Thompson FRSE MICE (1869–c.1940) was a British civil engineer and technical author. He specialised in harbour works and made studies on the unintentional interaction of ships in the water.

Life
He was born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne the son of John Thompson, also a civil engineer. He was educated at Trinity College, Harrogate then studied engineering at Durham University and at the Armstrong College in Newcastle.

His working career began around 1890, his first project being the graving dock for Wallsend Slipway Company. He then worked on the new graving docks at both South Shields and Blyth, before venturing to Europe to work on the graving dock at Bilbao. He then obtained the highly prestigious position as Engineer-in-Charge of the No1 Admiralty Harbour Works at Dover, Britain's premier port. From this role he was appointed General Manager and Chief Engineer of Dundee Harbour Trust.

In 1907, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Johannes Kuenen, Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, Angus McGillivray and Sir James Walker. He resigned from the Society in 1915.

In the First World War, he was a Captain in the Volunteer Brigade of the Black Watch.

He lived his later live at "Sorbie" a large villa in Broughty Ferry.

Publications
Suction or Interaction Between Passing Vessels
Dundee Harbour Trust Centenary (1930)
Dundee Harbour Trust (1933)
Granton Harbour (1934)
Granton Harbour Centenary (1937)

Family
His son, John Horace Hannay-Thompson, was also a civil engineer, graduating from St Andrews University in 1924.

References

1869 births
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
British civil engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1940s deaths
Alumni of Armstrong College, Durham
British Army personnel of World War I
Black Watch officers
Jeevan Job Thomas. Jeevan Job Thomas is an Indian essayist, novelist, and screenwriter known for his contributions in Malayalam.

Early life
Jeevan Job Thomas was born on 20 October 1979 at Vengola village in the Ernakulam district of Kerala. He obtained a doctorate in physics from the School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, Kottayam, with a dissertation focused on nanomagnetism and ferrite nanostructures. After finishing PhD, he worked as a Adhoc faculty at National Institute of Technology Calicut.

Literary career
Thomas has written essays for Malayalam magazines since 2006. In 2013, he published the book Rathi Rahasyam—an in depth study on human sexuality which interconnects the knowledge on sexuality with anthropology, evolutionary psychology, and cultural history. His first novel, Nidra Moshanam, is a psychological thriller published in 2015. The nonfiction book Maranathinte Ayiram Mukhangal (2016) explores ideas of death from cell death to the end of human civilization by converging political history, cultural philosophy, cellular biology, and evolutionary theory. In 2014, based on the murder of an old lady in Kozhikode, he penned an article about how the legal system made an innocent youth a criminal. Movie director Madhupal read the article and asked Jeevan Job Thomas to pen a screenplay based on it. The movie, Oru Kuprasidha Payyan, was released in 2018 to rave reviews with special mention to the screenplay. The second novel Theneecharani is a narrative experiment intertwines the lives of three distinct women by reconciling sexuality, envy and power structure rooted in different myths of Malabar region.

Works
 Viswasathinte Sareerasasthram  (collection of essays)
 Parinama Sidhantham-Puthiya Vazhikal Kandethalukal (collection of essays)
 Prapanchavum Manushyanum Thammilenthu (collection of essays)
 Rathi Rahasyam
 Nidra Moshanam (novel)
 Maranathinte Aayiram Mughangal
 Oru Kuprasidha Payyan (screenplay)
 Theneecharani (novel)
 Sargonmadham (collection of essays)

Awards
 Kerala Science Literature Awards for Science Journalism (2014) by Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment
 Prof. Joseph Mundassery award for young writer 2015. 
 Dr. C. P. Menon Memorial Award for Science Writing 2015.

References

1979 births
Living people
21st-century Indian essayists
21st-century Indian male writers
21st-century Indian novelists
Indian male essayists
Indian male novelists
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala alumni
Malayalam-language novelists
Malayalam screenwriters
Novelists from Kerala
People from Ernakulam district
Relationships and sexuality writers
21st-century Indian screenwriters
Quebec Aerospace Museum. The Quebec Aerospace Museum (French: Musée de l’aérospatiale du Québec) is an aviation museum, located in hangar H-18 at the Montreal Saint-Hubert Longueuil Airport in Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, a borough in the city of Longueuil. It was founded on 23 August 2018 as a not-for-profit society.

History
The museum was founded by Pierre Gillard, Gilbert McCauley and Éric Tremblay, with Gillard assuming the role of Director General.

Aircraft
List of aircraft displayed:
Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck Mk 5 - on loan from the Canadian War Museum starting 2 November 2018, for four years, but may be permanently retained after that. The QAM staff will complete a restoration of the aircraft.
Duruble Edelweiss RD02A - a functional aircraft that was donated to the museum in 2021 and it is located there since 10 July of the same year.
Kitty Hawk Flyer - a static display of the museum since 23 July 2021. It was donated by the Kitty Hawk Corporation and it is the only Kitty Hawk Flyer in Canada.
Mortensen 1PM - a glider built in 1976 by Peder Mortensen and donated to the museum on 30 September 2021. It was relocated there on 26 October 2022 and a it is currently undergoing restoration.

See also
Organization of Military Museums of Canada
List of aerospace museums
Military history of Canada

References

External links 

Founders photograph

Aviation history of Canada
Aerospace museums in Quebec
Museums in Quebec
Longueuil
Museums established in 2018
2018 establishments in Quebec
HQ-22. The HQ-22 () is a medium- to long-range semi-active radar homing/radio-command guidance air defence system developed and manufactured in China.

History 
The HQ-22 was publicly revealed at the 2016 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.

The HQ-22 entered service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) by 2019.

Serbia purchased the FK-3, the export variant, in 2019; they were delivered by PLAAF Xi'an Y-20 transport aircraft and entered service in April 2022. They were the first Chinese medium- or long-range air defence system exported to Europe.

In April 2021, India reported that China had deployed the HQ-22 near eastern Ladakh.

Description
The HQ-22 air defence system is a second generation development of the HQ-12 missile. It is intended as a low-cost replacement for the HQ-2.

The missile is "wingless" compared to the preceding HQ-12. The missile uses semi-active radar guidance to reduce cost, and may switch to radio command guidance in an environment with "strong electronic interference".

A HQ-22 unit includes four to eight transporter erector launchers, each with four missiles. The radar vehicle reportedly permits six targets to be engaged simultaneously.

The missile system has been widely compared to the United States' Patriot and Russia's mobile long range S-300 surface-to-air missile system. Although it has a shorter range than S-300 variants such as the S-300PMU-2, it is thought to benefit from superior electronic countermeasures (ECM) and superior capabilities against stealth targets at shorter ranges.

Variants
HQ-22: Chinese domestic variant with speed of Mach 6 and a range of .
FK-3: Export variant with speed of Mach 6 and a maximum range of .

Operators

People's Liberation Army Air Force - 130+ HQ-22

Serbian Air Force and Air Defence - 4 batteries FK-3
 
Air and Coastal Defense Command - 3 batteries FK-3

See also
HQ-12
HQ-9

References

Citations

Sources 

Anti-ballistic missiles of the People's Republic of China
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s
Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
CSIC HK-5000G. The HK-5000G is a carrier-based unmanned combat aerial vehicle developed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation for reconnaissance and precision strike missions. It features folding wings, uses catapult assisted takeoff, has an endurance of 12 hours and weighs about 5 metric tons.

See also

References

Unmanned military aircraft of China
HK-5000G
Single-engined jet aircraft
Proposed aircraft of China
High-wing aircraft
V-tail aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Star UAV System Star Shadow. Star Shadow is a stealthy flying wing unmanned combat aerial vehicle developed by the Chinese company Star UAV System. It will have a maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of 4,000 kg with a truncated diamond-shaped airframe 7.3 m long, with sweptback outer wings that have a total span of 15 m. It is powered by TWS800 small turbofan engines. Endurance is 12 hours and the ceiling is 15,000 m.

See also

References

Unmanned stealth aircraft
Unmanned military aircraft of China
FB-10. FB-10 () is a mobile light air defense missile system developed by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation for the export market. Unveiled at the 2016 Zhuhai Airshow, it features a 6x6 TEL with a phased array radar, optical sensor, and eight missile tubes. The engagement range is  , and the engagement altitude is from . According to Chinese sources, FB-10 missiles is similar to the HQ-10 rolling airframe missile system with infrared/radar dual mode hybrid guidance system.

FB-10 missile is fitted on the Type 625/E self-propelled gun-missile air defense vehicle.

Variants
FB-10 original variant first displayed in 2016 n a 6x6 truck chassis.
FB-10A Lightweight variant for improved air mobility first displayed in 2021 on a new 6x6 Dongfeng Menshi chassis

References

Surface-to-air missiles of the People's Republic of China
Sam Thorburn. Samuel Thorburn is a British civil engineer. He was president of the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) in 1997-1998 and the 2003 recipient of their Gold Medal. He served as Chairman of the Scottish Building Standards Advisory Committee.

Early life and education 
Thorburn was educated in Hamilton Academy, which he left at 16 to work under a training agreement with a civil engineering contractor, and studied during the evening at the Royal Technical College, Glasgow — now the University of Strathclyde.

Career 

In 1966 Thorburn founded the consultancy known latterly as Thorburn Colquhoun. The company was taken over by American Consultant URS in 1999. One of his significant projects was the design of Ibrox Stadium, Glasgow  Thorburn was Chairman of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the session 1975-76 
He was appointed to the Football Licensing Authority formed in 1990 after Lord Justice Taylor's Report on the Hillsborough Disaster in 1989. He served on the Football Licensing Authority between 1993 and 2001. He was chairman of the Working Party responsible for the fourth edition of the Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (The Green Guide 1997). He was appointed first chairman of the new Scottish Registration Board for Approved Certifiers of Design (Building Structures) formed in 2004

Awards and honours 
Thorburn  was the first recipient of the Rear Admiral John Garth Watson Medal awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1993. 
He was awarded a CBE for services to Construction and Engineering in 2003. He was awarded an Hon DSc by the University of Strathclyde in 1993. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 2003

References 

1930 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Presidents of the Institution of Structural Engineers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
British structural engineers
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Scottish civil engineers
20th-century British engineers
21st-century British engineers
Kingsbury Aviation. Kingsbury Aviation was an English aircraft manufacturer and engineering business based at Kingsbury Aerodrome, Kingsbury, London from 1916.

From 1915 the engineering company Barningham Limited used a building near Kingsbury House to manufacture equipment in support of the war effort.  In 1916 it purchased the 109-acre Kingsury House estate and with planning permission for two hangars it created Kingsbury Aerodrome and formed a new company Kingsbury Aviation.

Kingsbury Aviation had a contract to build 150 Airco DH.6 training biplanes for the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and by mid-1918 it employed 800 people on the site. The company had a contract to build 20 Vickers Vimy biplane bombers but with the end of the First World War the government contracts were cancelled. The company designed and built a motor scooter and a light car but they were not a success and they went into liquidation in 1921. After a few years of being empty the aerodrome and hangars were purchased by Vanden Plas to build motor car bodies.

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
1916 establishments in England
British companies established in 1916
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1916
Vehicle manufacture in London
Melissa Chase. Melissa Erin Chase is an American cryptographer known for her research on attribute-based encryption, digital credentials, and information privacy. She works at Microsoft Research.

Education
Chase graduated in 2003 from Harvey Mudd College, with a senior thesis in mathematics about the shortest path problem, advised by Ran Libeskind-Hadas. She earned a Ph.D. from Brown University with Anna Lysyanskaya as her doctoral advisor.

Contributions
At Microsoft, Chase is one of the developers of Picnic, a digital signature scheme that Microsoft has submitted to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization competition. Chase spoke about the project as an invited speaker at Real World Crypto 2018 in Zürich.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American cryptographers
Public-key cryptographers
Harvey Mudd College alumni
Brown University alumni
American women cryptographers
Line 11 (Mumbai Metro). Green Line 11 (Extension) of the Mumbai Metro is part of the metro system for the city of Mumbai, India. The project is expected to be completed around 2030.

The 12.68 km (7.9 mi) line from Wadala–CSMT is estimated to cost ₹8,739 crores. The Government of Maharashtra is keen to implement the Master Plan Corridors recommended by DMRC on a fast track mode and to complete them in the next 3 to 4 years. To start with, it is decided to take up the task of updating of DPRs and also preparation of new DPRs for the following potential elevated metro corridors. In January 2023, the government ordered that the rights to execute Line 11's construction be handed over to MMRCL (Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation), which further tweaked its alignment from an existing route (Wadala-CST) to a new route (Anik Bus Depot - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Circle) passing through localities such as Nagpada Junction, Byculla, Bhendi Bazaar, and Crawford Market.

Stations 
Initially, a total of ten Stations were planned for this extension. Out of ten stations, eight are underground and two are elevated. The concourse of all elevated stations is proposed along the roads with sufficient right of way. The stations accommodate the passengers from the eastern port area of Mumbai. The average inter-station distance is  approximately varying from  to  depending upon the site, operational and traffic constraints.

References

Mumbai Metro lines
Export torpedoes of China. Export torpedoes of China are Chinese-built torpedoes intended for international export. The series of torpedoes has the prefix "ET" and has been developed by the Chinese marine industrial company CSOC for export only. These torpedoes may have their domestic use correspondence but this is generally not officially admitted.  Some of them have seen wide use by the navies of other countries.

The capabilities of export versions are not necessarily the same as the domestic version.

^ Italics are not officially published parameters

References

Torpedoes of China
Foreign trade of China