omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Shantha Mohan. Shantha Mohan is an Indian-American businessperson and a writer. She is known for cofounding Retail Solutions Inc. and authoring books on leadership and pioneering Indian Women Engineers.  Following retirement, she has been serving as an instructor at Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley, where she teachers career strategies and leadership and mentors students and staff.

Early life and education 

Shantha Mohan was born in India. She graduated from College of Engineering, Guindy in 1971 with B.E (Hons) in Electronics and Communication Engineering. She received her PhD in Operations Management in 1985 from Tepper Business School, Carnegie Mellon University.

Career 

After her PhD, she went on to work at Consilium Inc, which was later acquired by Applied Materials. She worked as VP of Software Engineering with responsibility for the development of manufacturing execution systems such as FAB300.

In 2003, she cofounded T3Ci (The Tag Tracking Company) along with Jonathan Golovin, Richard Swan and Peter Rieman. It specialized in analyzing RFID data. But soon after Walmart stopped its mandate of using RFID tags, the company pivoted towards providing software for business intelligence and point-of-sale applications. They established themselves as Retail Solutions Inc. Shantha worked as chief development officer of the company whose customers included over 500 consumer products companies. She retired in 2016. RSI was acquired by Information Resources, Inc. in 2020.

Following her retirement, she has been serving as an instructor at Integrated Innovation Institute, CMU Silicon Valley. She contributes to curricula and mentors students' projects.

Writing 

After her retirement, she has focused on writing books on the role of women in engineering and leadership. Roots and Wings 
 tells the inspiring stories of the first female engineers of India including Ayyalasomayajula Lalitha who graduated from College of Engineering, Guindy, between 1943 and 1971. In Leadership Lessons with Beatles, she shared the lessons of leadership  from her own experience, relating each lesson to a Beatles song.

She also writes columns in CEOWorld Magazine.

Publications

Books

Patents

Selected papers

References 

Living people
Indian women in business
21st-century Indian writers
21st-century Indian women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mónica Morales Masis. Mónica Morales Masis (born 1982) is a Costa Rican physicist and materials scientist who works in The Netherlands as a professor at the University of Twente. Her research focuses on optoelectronics, transparent electronics, and solar cells.

Education and career
Morales is originally from Cartago, Costa Rica, where she was born in 1982. A childhood idol was Costa Rican astronaut Franklin Chang-Díaz. After a 2004 bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Costa Rica, she traveled to the US for a master's degree at Wright State University, in 2007, and then to The Netherlands for a doctorate at Leiden University, focusing on condensed-matter physics. Her 2012 doctoral thesis concerned the memristive properties of silver sulfide, and was promoted by Jan van Ruitenbeek; it also included work done at the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan with Tsuyoshi Hasegawa.

Next, she went to Switzerland for postdoctoral research at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Her interest in photovoltaics developed at that time, and she continued at EPFL as a research group leader in the subject. She took a tenure-track faculty position at the University of Twente in 2018, and became a full professor there. At Twente, she is affiliated with the faculty of science and technology, in the inorganic materials science group, and with the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology.

Recognition
Morales joined the Young Academy of Europe in 2022.

References

External links
M3 Lab: Optoelectronic materials, directed by Morales
Mónica Morales Masis, Ph.D. (interview in Spanish), ticotal, Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Costa Rica

1982 births
Living people
Costa Rican physicists
Costa Rican women physicists
Materials scientists and engineers
Women materials scientists and engineers
University of Costa Rica alumni
Wright State University alumni
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Twente
Jam petrochemical company. The Jam Petrochemical Company (), (JPC) is an Iranian petrochemical company in Asaluyeh, Bushehr province, which was established in 2000.

History
Jam Petrochemical Company (JPC), established in 2000, was founded as part of Iran's national strategy to develop its petrochemical industry by utilizing resources from the South Pars Gas Field. Located on a 77-hectare site in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in Asaluyeh, Bushehr Province, JPC was created under Iran's Third Economic Development Plan to maximize the economic potential of South Pars gas resources. Known as the "Olefins 10" project within the National Petrochemical Company's framework, JPC benefits from proximity to essential resources, including raw materials, fuel, and infrastructure such as ports and roads, facilitating its role in both domestic and international markets and supporting Iran's transition toward non-oil exports.

Units and products
Jam Petrochemical Company's production complex includes multiple specialized units that produce a diverse range of petrochemical products. Key units include the olefin, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), butadiene, and butene-1 units. These facilities collectively make JPC one of the largest olefin producers globally and a significant supplier of polymer products in Iran. The company's product portfolio includes various grades of polyethylene and other petrochemical derivatives, catering to markets in the Middle East and beyond.

Sanctions
In July 2022, the United States Treasury Department sanctioned Jam petrochemical company in order to target the export of Iranian petrochemical products.

See also

National Iranian Petrochemical Company
PADJAM Polymer Development Company

References

Iranian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Oil and gas companies of Iran
Iranian companies established in 2000
Bushehr province
Jade Leung (engineer). Jade Leung is the Chief Technology Officer of the United Kingdom's AI Safety Institute, where she designs and oversees safety evaluations for frontier AI models.

Until October 2023, she was Governance Lead at OpenAI, focusing on the safe development of artificial intelligence, particularly on regulation and safety protocols related to advancements in artificial general intelligence. She also co-founded and was the inaugural Head of Research and Partnerships at the Centre for the Governance of AI at the University of Oxford.

Career 
Leung graduated from the University of Auckland in New Zealand with a Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) with First Class Honours in Civil Engineering in 2015. She won a Rhodes Scholarship in 2016. She completed her DPhil in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Oxford in 2019. Her PhD thesis was on "Who will govern artificial intelligence? Learning from the history of strategic politics in emerging technologies".

In October 2023, she left OpenAI to join the United Kingdom's AI Safety Institute, where she serves as the chief technology officer. She primarily leads the work on evaluations, focusing on developing empirical tests for dangerous capabilities and safety features of frontier AI systems.

In 2024, she was included in Time's list of the "100 Most Influential People in AI".

References 

Living people
21st-century New Zealand women engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Artificial intelligence researchers
University of Auckland alumni
Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of the University of Oxford
AI safety scientists
Qadian railway station. Qadian railway station is the station serving the city of Qadian, located in the Gurdaspur district. It is served by the Batala–Qadian branch line, with a proposed Qadian–Beas Line which was sanctioned back in 2011.

History

Construction 
In early 1927, the railway board had approved the Qadian–Butari line, a 42-mile long and 5ft 6" wide track. It would run from Batala–Butari, hence it was called the Batala-Butari project. The railway line had reached Qadian on 14 November 1928. Initially, the plan was to continue building the line to Butari, but it was decided by the railway board to postpone the continuation of the line, and constructed parts of the line were removed.

Electrification 
In March 2021, the first electric train had been commissioned on the Batala–Qadian line in a trial after the completion of a several-month long project.

References 

Railway stations in India opened in 1928
Railway stations in Gurdaspur district
Firozpur railway division
Iyotetsu 7000 series. The Iyotetsu 7000 series (伊予鉄7000系, Iyotetsu 7000-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type on order by the private railway operator Iyo Railway (Iyotetsu) in Japan. Six three-car sets are scheduled to be built.

Overview 
Details of the new trains on order were first announced by Iyo Railway on 14 November 2023. The 7000 series is expected to replace ageing 700 series sets converted from Keio 5000 series cars, over which they are slated to offer 50% energy savings. The first two 3-car sets are scheduled to enter revenue service in February 2025, with a further two sets being introduced every year until 2027.

The trains will have lightweight stainless steel car bodies. They will use variable-frequency drive inverters and regenerative braking. Internally, they will feature LCD displays above the train doors. LED lighting will be used throughout.

History 
In November 2024, the first two sets (7301 and 7302) were delivered from the Kinki Sharyo factory.

References

External links 

Electric multiple units of Japan
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2025
Arthur I. Mendolia. Arthur I. Mendolia (May 6, 1917 – October 19, 2007) was an American chemical engineer and government official.

Life and career 
Mendolia was born in Brooklyn. He attended Case Institute of Technology, earning his Bachelor of Science degree in 1941.

Mendolia was a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.

In 1973, President Richard Nixon nominated Mendolia to serve as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Installations and Logistics. He served until 1975, when he was succeeded by John J. Bennett.

Mendolia died on October 19, 2007, in Wilmington, Delaware, at the age of 90.

References 

1917 births
2007 deaths
People from Brooklyn
American chemical engineers
20th-century American engineers
Members of the American Chemical Society
Members of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
United States Assistant Secretaries of Defense
Nixon administration personnel
New York (state) Republicans
Delaware Republicans
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Type Es 3750 bucket chain excavator. The Type Es 3750 or simply the Es 3750 is a series of bucket chain excavators built by TAKRAF and used in Germany. According to TAKRAF, they boast that the Type Es 3750 is the largest bucket chain excavators in the world. Type Es 3750s are notable for being always used in conjunction with the Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60, another absurdly large land vehicle.

Specifications
The Type Es 3750 are incredibly immense digging vessels, the largest of its kind according to TAKRAF. Each Type Es 3750 has the total length of , a height of  and a weight of . The cutting height of the BCE's chain boom is  to , whilst its cutting depth is  to . In total, the chain boom is capable of excavating a maximum capacity of 14,500 m3/h. The buckets itself is reinforced by 5 to 10 mm steel plates to prevent deformation and wear-and-tear.

A unique design choice for the Type Es 3750 is the presence of two excavator's control cockpit, each spraying outwards on the left and right side of the machine. Given that it predominantly moves side-to-side with the F60, this is to be expected. Likewise, it also possess a small complement of men of around 2–5. Another unique feature is that the Type Es 3750 runs on rails. Since it is largely grouped closely with the F60, the Type Es 3750 share the same gauge as the F60 - . Likewise, the vehicles share their power source with the F60 and the nearby external coal power plant and therefore, moves the same speed as the F60.

Operations
The Type Es 3750 was built in almost exactly the same time as the F60s during 1978 in East Germany. Each F60 were to be expected to be accompanied by two Type Es 3750 to assist the machine in transferring overburden and lignite coal. One Type Es 3750 is purposed to excavate the topside whilst another is used to excavate the depths. Excavated materials would be transported on side conveyors towards the F60 for the materials to be properly redistributed. As there were originally five F60s, a total of 10 Type Es 3750 BCEs were built, but with the retirement of one of the F60s in Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf, only 8 remain in service.

Gallery

References

Engineering vehicles
Mining equipment
Surface mining
Surface mines in Germany
Takraf GmbH
Excavators
Dredgers
Integrated Project Management Approach. The IPMA (Integrated Project Management Approach) method is a design process method that was started in 1984. The integrated project delivery approach is a project delivery method that emphasizes collaboration, accountability, and control, aiming to reduce risks.

Details 
In 1984, the construction of a Four Seasons Hotel in Los Angeles was started by Anthony Mason of AMAPM (Anthony Mason Associates Project Management). The traditional design–bid–build (D/B/B) approach led to disagreements among the project team.

Project Management is crucial across various project disciplines, especially in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Effective project delivery benefits from a collaborative, team-based approach. While Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and LEAN Construction methods have shown potential, they have not become the industry's preferred methods. A scalable, adaptable, and collaborative approach is needed for everyday projects.

To address these challenges, a method called "Intent of Design" (IGMP) was implemented. The "IGMP/GMP method" was later identified as the IPMA method, taught at the GSD since 2011. This method involved integrating the general contractor (GC) earlier in the design process and using schematic stage drawings, with the collaboration of the architects and engineers. The GC would then provide an initial guaranteed maximum price (GMP) to try to minimize the construction cost. The method also involved competitive subcontractor bidding.

IPMA was used on over 120 projects and has been documented by Harvard University. The method is currently taught at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.

References

Project management
31st Air Squadron (Indonesia). The 31st Air Squadron () is an airlift squadron under the command of the 1st Air Wing based in Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base, Jakarta. It is tasked with being a heavy transport squadron. The legal basis for the 31st Air Squadron is Minister of the Air Force Decree Number 433 dated 1 January 1960 concerning the formation of the C-130B Hercules heavy transport experimental squadron which was later transformed into 31st Air Squadron of long-distance heavy transport which was determined by Minister of the Air Force on 4 April 1961. Logo (badge) of 31st Air Squadron ratified through Minister of the Air Force Decree Number 109, dated 19 February 1962.

History 

On April 4 1961 Minister/Commander of the Air Force Air Admiral Soerjadi Soejadarma inaugurated the establishment of the 31st Air Squadron Long Range Heavy Transport, with a strength of 10 C-130B Hercules aircraft based at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base. Air Major Susanto was appointed as Commander of the 31st Air Squadron. Previously, on June 1 1960 the Minister/Commander of the Air Force had formed the C-130B Hercules Heavy Transport Aircraft Experimental Squadron through Ministerial/Commander Decree Number 433 with a strength of 5 C-130B Hercules aircraft. This Experimental Squadron was based at Kemayoran Air Force Base because at that time Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base still did not have adequate facilities to serve as a "home base" for the C-130B Hercules aircraft, so facilities/facilities and other support needed to be prepared in advance.

Now, the 31st Air Squadron is strengthened by the C-130J Super Hercules Heavy Transport Aircraft, the latest variant of the C-130 Hercules which is known for being up-to-date with the latest technology. The Indonesian Air Force has previously ordered 5 C-130J units with the C-130J-30 variant. On 16 May 2024, all 5 C-130J-30 units have arrived and inaugurated into the 31st Air Squadron, 1st Air Wing, Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base.

On 9 April 2024, the 31st Air Squadron was involved in humanitarian mission dropping packages of aid comprising food, mineral water, and medicines in Palestine.

Reference 

Air force units and formations of Indonesia
Air force transport units and formations
Caburn Engineering. Caburn Engineering Limited is a British manufacturer of automobiles.

Company history 

Andrew Michael Hitchings and his father David Hitchings began producing automobiles and kits in 1995. They founded the company on April 18, 1997, in Haywards Heath, West Sussex. The brand name is, among other things: Caburn.

Vehicles 

The first and best-selling model is the Caburn Hurricane, which has been on sale since 1995. The model was previously sold by various manufacturers under the Vincent brand and the model name Hurricane. This is a roadster. The basis is a chassis from Triumph. The Triumph Spitfire with a four-cylinder engine and the Triumph GT6 with a six-cylinder engine come into question. A total of around 65 vehicles of this model have been built so far.

In 2007 Caburn Engineering presented the Caburn Roadster. IPS Developments originally manufactured the model from 1992 to 1995 and offered it as the Hadleigh Sprint. The vehicle is similar to Morgan models. The basis is a spaceframe frame with aluminum panels. Ford Sierra engines power the vehicles. In total, the two manufacturers have produced around six vehicles together.

Since 2009, Caburn Engineering has been trying to reissue the Teal Type 59 , which was manufactured by Teal Cars until 1997. This is a replica of the Bugatti Type 59.

The Caburn GP 57 appeared in 2010. The design originally came from Brooke Cars and was offered between 1991 and 1993 as the Brooke 245. The racing sports car is available as a single-seater and tandem-seater. In total, Brooke Cars and Caburn Engineering have produced around four examples so far.

In the same year, Caburn Engineering took over the Elysee project, which was previously manufactured by Gemini Cars from 1991 to 1999 and JB Sportscars from 1999 to 2001 and offered under the Elysee brand. Caburn Engineering developed a new chassis suitable for housing engines from the Ford Sierra. The open body is similar to the Lotus Elan. A total of around 20 examples have been produced by the three manufacturers so far.

Literature 

 Steve Hole: A-Z of Kit Cars. The definitive encyclopaedia of the UK's kit-car industry since 1949. Haynes Publishing, Sparkford 2012, ISBN 978-1-84425-677-8, p. 44, 85, 116, 250 and 268.

External links 

 Company website

References 

Car manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Companies based in West Sussex
Kit car manufacturers
Companies established in 1997
Haywards Heath
1,2-Dibromotetrachloroethane. 1,2-Dibromotetrachloroethane (DBTCE) is an organohalide with the chemical formula . It is a crystalline solid that emits lachrymatory (tear-producing) vapours. Dibromotetrachloroethane can be used as a fungicide, flame retardant and a source for bromine in the laboratory. Because the 1,1-dibromotetrachloroethane isomer is rare, 1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane is frequently referred to as simply dibromotetrachloroethane.

Reactions and synthesis
Dibromotetrachloroethane decomposes to Tetrachloroethylene and bromine when heated. Reacted with potassium sulphide, it gives tetrachloroethylene, potassium bromide and sulphur:

Dibromotetrachloroethane, when reacted with aniline at 140 to 150 °C, gives pure tetrachloroethylene.

When reacted with compounds like cyclohexene, 2,2,4-trimethylpentl-ene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, it yields allylic monobromides via bromination. Dibromotetrachloroethane loses both of its bromine atoms, leaving tetrachloroethylene and hydrogen bromide.

Dibromotetrachloroethane was discovered by the Italian chemist Faustino Malaguti in 1846. Malaguti exposed a mixture of Tetrachloroethylene (then known as chloréthose) and bromine to sunlight. It was named Bromure de chloréthose ("bromide of chlorethose") after its synthesis method. Similar to Malaguti's method, modern synthesis of dibromotetrachloroethane uses bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride.

References

Organochlorides
Organobromides
Haloalkanes
Isoxaflutole. Isoxaflutole is a selective herbicide used mainly in maize crops. It inhibits the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and is sold under brand names including Balance and Merlin. It was first marketed by Rhône-Poulenc in 1996.

History
In the mid-1980s, scientists at Stauffer Chemical Company published patents to benzoyl-substituted cyclohexanediones (triketones) which led to their product mesotrione. This encouraged workers at Rhône-Poulenc to expand their own research into molecules with the same mode of action as these 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors. In doing so, they found that isoxaflutole had commercial potential as a propesticide of a biologically active diketonitrile that it was converted into within plants. It was developed under the code number RPA201772.

Synthesis
The isoxazole ring of the heterocycle product is formed when hydroxylamine reacts in ethanol with an intermediate which is made from an appropriately substituted diketone with triethyl orthoformate, using acetic anhydride as solvent.

The crystal structure of isoxaflutole has been determined. Within plants, it is converted to the diketonitrile shown, which is herbicidally active as an HPPD inhibitor. The advantage of applying isoxafluole rather than the diketonitrile is that the former is more readily taken up into plants from a soil treatment.

Usage
Isoxaflutole was first marketed by Rhône-Poulenc in 1996. It controls weeds which are important in crops including corn and sugarcane. These include broad-leaved-weeds from  Amaranthus, Datura stramonium and ragweed species and annual grass weeds of Alopecurus, Eriochloa and Panicum species.

The herbicide is usually applied to the soil in which the crop is growing, before the emergence of the weeds. In the US it is applied almost exclusively in corn with annual use in 2018 about . The compound is often formulated in combination with the herbicide safener, cyprosulfamide. For example, in the EU the product that was evaluated by regulators was a suspension concentrate containing 240 g/L isoxaflutole and 240 g/L cyprosulfamide.

Human safety 
The LD50 of isoxaflutole is over 5000 mg/kg (rats, oral), The European Food Safety Authority set an acceptable daily intake for it at 0.02 mg/kg bodyweight. The Codex Alimentarius database maintained by the FAO lists the maximum residue limits for isozaflutole in various food products, most of which are set at its 0.01 mg/kg or 0.02 mg/kg limit of detection for the combination of the compound and its diketonitrile.

Brands
Isoxaflutole is the ISO common name for the active ingredient which is formulated into the branded product sold to end-users. The brand names in use for herbicides containing isoxaflutole include Balance, Cadu Star, Merlin and Spade.

References

Aromatic ketones
Benzosulfones
Cyclopropyl compounds
Systemic herbicides
Trifluoromethyl compounds
Isoxazoles