omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-366. German submarine U-366 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out two patrols. She did not sink or damage any ships.

She was a member of three wolfpacks.

She was sunk by a British aircraft, Swordfish "F" of 816 Squadron FAA, northwest of Hammerfest on 5 March 1944.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-366 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-366 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The submarine was laid down on 22 May 1942 at the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg as yard number 485, launched on 16 April 1943 and commissioned on 16 July under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Bruno Langenberg.

She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 16 July 1943 and the 13th flotilla from 1 March 1944.

The boat was moved from Kiel in Germany to Bergen in Norway in February 1944.

First patrol
U-359s first patrol took her from Bergen to Hammerfest, along the Norwegian coastline, also in February.

Second patrol and loss
During another move from Hammerfest, she was attacked and sunk on 5 March 1944 by rockets fired from a Fairey Swordfish of 816 Naval Air Squadron, FAA (Fleet Air Arm). The aircraft had flown from the escort carrier .

50 men died in the U-boat; there were no survivors.

Wolfpacks
U-366 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
 Hartmut (23 – 28 February 1944)
 Boreas (4 – 5 March 1944)
 Orkan (5 March 1944)

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1944
1943 ships
U-boats sunk by British aircraft
Ships built in Flensburg
Submarines lost with all hands
World War II submarines of Germany
World War II shipwrecks in the Arctic Ocean
Maritime incidents in March 1944
Paoli Research Center. The Paoli Research Center was a research and development facility established in 1954  by the Burroughs Corporation, then known as the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. It was created a university campus like setting in the Philadelphia suburb of Paoli, Pennsylvania for the Burroughs Research Laboratory, then located at 511 North Broad Street in Philadelphia. The initial focus was for the development of business accounting systems and experimental work in electromechanics. The Paoli Research Center grew over the years and was the source of many research contribution to computing, including work on computing hardware design, programming languages, algorithms and defense applications.

The research center continued after Burroughs and Sperry Corporation merged to become Unisys and performed both research for the Unisys corporation as well as for government sponsors. Research topics included artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, database systems, software engineering and bioinformatics. In the 1990 the research staff was relocated to Unisys' nearby Great Valley facility  and the Paoli building was sold in 1992, demolished and replaced with condominiums and an assisted living center.

References

External links 
Burroughs Research Center in Paoli, Tredyffrin Easttown Historical Society
The Burroughs Research Center in Paoli

Computer science research organizations
Barry Railway Class K. Barry Railway Class K were 0-6-2T steam tank engines of the Barry Railway in South Wales.  They were designed by J. H. Hosgood and built by an American company, Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, New Jersey.  At the time the Barry wanted to order these locomotives, British manufacturers already had a full order book.  In order not to face an indefinite wait, invitations to tender were advertised in the United States.  Hosgood's aim was to have a tank engine equivalent to the “Class B1”.  However, because of his desire for a speedy delivery, he agreed to certain compromises in the design.  The order was placed in April 1899 and was delivered later that year.  Like the 0-8-2 tank locomotives Cooke built for the Port Talbot Railway and Docks Company around the same time, the engines had the clean lines and uncluttered appearance of British practice, but had bar frames, the front buffer beam separate from the footplate, as well as cylinder and saddle designs typical of American practice.

Traffic duties
Although originally intended for hauling main line mineral traffic, they proved to be very heavy on coal and water and therefore not a feasible prospect for this kind of work.  They were therefore assigned other duties.  Two of the class were sent to Hafod shed for banking duties on trains on the gradients between Trehafod Junction and Pontypridd and between Treforest Junction and Tonteg.  The other three were assigned to hauling coal trains between Cadoxton Yard and Barry Docks.  Later on, two of these were assigned to Hafod, joining the first two, for banking duties and the fifth was retained at Barry as shed pilot.

Heavy on coal and water
When tests were originally carried out, it was found necessary to stop two or three times while taking empty wagons up to the Rhondda.  According to one driver, it was not advisable to pass a single water column for fear of running short before the next one.

Special train
Every year, on Good Friday, the Directors would organise an orchestral concert in Barry and arrange a special train from Trehafod to carry the company's employees and their families to the concert.  As the "K Class" was vacuum fitted, they were the only engines stationed at Hafod shed suitably equipped to haul a passenger train.  This tradition took place in the early 1900s.

Withdrawal
The locomotives passed to the Great Western Railway in 1922 but were withdrawn between 1927 and 1932.  None survived into British Railways ownership, much less into preservation.

Numbering

References

K
0-6-2T locomotives
Cooke locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1899
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Freight locomotives
Sapphire Aircraft Australia Sapphire LSA. The Sapphire Aircraft Australia Sapphire LSA is an Australian ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Sapphire Aircraft Australia. It was introduced in the late 1980s and still in production as recently as 2010, but now out of production. The Sapphire was supplied as complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Sapphire complies with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a single-seat enclosed  cockpit with a bubble canopy or, optionally, an open cockpit with a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from fibreglass, epoxy resin and extruded foam. Its  span wing has an area of . The standard engine fitted is the  Rotax 503 two-stroke powerplant.

In the early 2010s period a two-seat version and a motorglider variant were being developed.

Specifications (Sapphire LSA)

References

External links
Former location of company website
Photo of the Sapphire LSA on Airliners.net
Official company video

1980s Australian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Garrison Melmoth 2. The Garrison Melmoth 2 is the second aircraft design from author Peter Garrison.

Development
The Melmoth 2 was started in August 1981 as a composite follow-on to the complex Melmoth homebuilt. Initial fuselage lay-up was performed by Garrison along with engineer Burt Rutan and future private astronaut Mike Melvill, who also performed a fair number of the test flights. The aircraft is a single engine four-seat retractable tricycle gear low-wing with a T-tail arrangement. The rear seats face aft. The engine is cooled using updraft air which enters through a single inlet below the spinner and emerges from the top of the cowling near the spinner. A single airbrake panel opens under the fuselage. The tapered wings are equipped with large Fowler flaps. The original design has been modified with 45-degree sweep winglets and gear doors.

Specifications (Melmoth 2)

See also

References

External links

Melmoth 2 Progress Updates 
First Flight
Melmoth 2: A Personal Airplane by Peter Garrison in Flying Magazine

Homebuilt aircraft
Melmoth 2
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
T-tail aircraft
SVS Educational Institutions. SVS Educational Institutions was a group of Architecture and engineering college located in Arasampalayam, Kinathukadavu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The college had been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education, and was affiliated to Anna University, Chennai. The campus was acquired by Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham and an agricultural sciences school was started there.

References

External links
 

Engineering colleges in Coimbatore
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Educational institutions established in 2009
2009 establishments in Tamil Nadu
CIETmap. CIETmap will be open source software under development by the CIET group to help build the community voice into planning. Currently no downloads are made available. CIETmap integrates epidemiological analysis tools with raster and vector mapping capabilities geared towards decision-making for planners. It includes a Windows interface with the statistical programming language, R.

Neil Andersson conceived of and designed CIETmap and, with Steven Mitchell, defined its functionality. DM Solutions Group initiated the programming and interface design and Mario Beauchamp now maintains it. Development funding included contributions from the Canadian Assembly of First Nations, CIDA, IDRC and CIHR.

CIETmap is written in Python and uses PyGTK for its graphical interface. The raster and vector mapping is handled by a custom library built on top of the GTK+, GDAL and GtkGLExt libraries. NumPy provides analytical and calculation support and RPy is the Python access to R. The CIET group is currently testing CIETmap to make it available to communities and researchers. Once released, CIETmap will be freely available under the GNU General Public License.

CIETmap integrates epidemiological and geomatic analysis on a single platform:

Epidemiological analysis: 
Using commands similar to those in EpiInfo, CIETanalysis produces basic frequencies (like the proportion with a given disease) through to multivariate models of gains (like the proportion that can be "saved" by a given intervention). Users can generate descriptive stats (mean, standard deviation, standard error); odds ratios, risk difference, gains and confidence intervals. An interface with R gives access to most statistical capabilities available in that language; some of these are available through customised drop-down menus. CIETmap can import data in other formats as SPSS, dBase or Excel. Other features are available through user friendly interfaces such as meta-analysis, regression modelling, and Bayesian inference.

Mapping: The CIETmap module creates interpolated raster maps out of data from sample communities. The software also adjusts for over- or under-representation in the sample communities during the interpolation. It then displays user defined ranges with an associated legend. If they choose, users can see the maps in three dimensions and from different angles. CIETmap can also classify or display administrative boundaries and geographic features, as well as pictorial symbols. A morph/animation module can help make predictions based on epidemiological risk analysis (such as the likely impact of an intervention), or show changes in a situation over time –i.e.: data from repeat surveys. It does this through animation, which makes it easier for viewers to follow the changes, as they happen –or would happen- in each place on the map. These "morph" maps can either be run from within CIETmap or exported to external animated gifs.

The first published use of CIETmap's population weighted raster maps came from Afghanistan. These maps have wide applicability for communicating evidence.

References

GIS software
Free and open-source software
AJX Bridge over South Fork and Powder River. The AJX Bridge is a historic Pratt truss bridge in southwestern Johnson County, Wyoming. The bridge was built in 1931 across the South Fork of the Powder River near Kaycee, Wyoming. AJX Bridge was built to provide a river crossing for U.S. Route 87. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 as part of a Multiple Property Submission devoted to historic bridges in Wyoming.

Design
The Pratt truss bridge was invented in 1844 by Thomas and Caleb Pratt. A Pratt truss has vertical members and diagonals that slope down towards the center. The interior diagonals are under tension, and the vertical elements are under compression. Pratt truss bridges were the preferred design for medium-span vehicular bridges during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A truss bridge can carry the roadbed on top, in the middle, or underneath the truss. Bridges with the roadbed at the top or the bottom are the most common as this allows both the top and bottom to be stiffened, forming a box truss. When the roadbed is atop the truss it is called a 
deck truss. The AJX Bridge is a deck truss bridge, since the roadway is on top of the truss.

A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough since it can span distances of over . The AJX bridge is the only surviving cantilevered deck truss bridge in Wyoming.

Construction
The AJX Bridge was built in 1931–32 by the Omaha Steel Works of Omaha, Nebraska, under a contract with the Wyoming Highway Department. The steel deck truss is  long, with three spans. There are pin connections between the two approach spans and the cantilever span. The piers are a solid shaft concrete, and the roadway width is .

Originally located on U.S. Route 87 (US 87), today the road has been renumbered as Interstate 25 service road. The bridge is located several miles south of Interstate 25 exit 249, and it is about  south of Kaycee, Wyoming. The future of the bridge is controlled by an agreement between the Federal Highway Administration, and several Wyoming state agencies. The AJX Bridge is rated as "structurally deficient" by the Federal Highway Administration.

Photo gallery

See also

List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places listings in Johnson County, Wyoming

References

External links

Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Bridges completed in 1931
Buildings and structures in Johnson County, Wyoming
Transportation in Johnson County, Wyoming
Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Johnson County, Wyoming
U.S. Route 87
Steel bridges in the United States
Cantilever bridges in the United States
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Harrison E. Rowe. Harrison Edward Rowe (H. E. Rowe) (January 29, 1927 – October 18, 2018) was an American electrical engineer known for his work in signals, noise, and microwave communications.

Early years

Rowe was born on January 29, 1927, the only child to Edward and Joan Rowe of Chicago, Illinois. Rowe grew up in Chicago and Waukegan, Illinois. He began his university studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1943, at the age of 16. He chose to pause his studies and enlist in the United States Navy on his 17th birthday where he served from 1944 to 1946. He returned to MIT, completing his BS, MS, and ScD degrees there between 1948 and 1952.

Family 
In 1951, Harrison married Alicia Jane Steeves. Together they had four children, Amy, Alison, Edward and Elizabeth.

Career

After graduation from MIT, he joined Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. While there, he jointly developed with J. M. Manley the Manley–Rowe relations, mathematical expressions developed originally for electrical engineers to predict the amount of energy in a wave that has multiple frequencies. He and Manley received the David Sarnoff Award for "their work on the properties of nonlinear devices resulting in the well-known Manley–Rowe Relations." In 1977
Following his retirement from Bell Labs, he joined Stevens Institute of Technology as a professor of electrical engineering. He remains an emeritus professor.

Publications

Books 

In 1965 he published Signals and Noise in Communications (Princeton: VanNoatrand) According to WorldCat, the book was published in 10 editions; as of 2014, it was still held in 285 libraries, By 2014, it had received 292 citations in Google Scholar.
In 1999 he published  Electromagnetic Propagation in  Multi-Mode Random Media (NY: Wiley), now in 199 libraries.

Articles 

The most widely cited of his over 50 articles, with 583 citations in Google Scholar, is "Some general properties of nonlinear elements-Part I. General energy relations" by Manley and Rowe.

Honors
David Sarnoff Award
Fellow, IEEE

References

1927 births
2018 deaths
American electrical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Scientists at Bell Labs
Cameron D-38. The Cameron D-38 is a single seat hot air filled airship, designed and built in the United Kingdom in 1980. The D-50 has a larger volume envelope for thinner or hotter atmospheres.  Together, their sales reached double figures.

Design and development

Having gained thermal airship (hot air airship) experience with their D-96, the first of its kind and a two to three seater, Cameron next produced the single seat D-38. Its prototype began life and was flown as a hot air kite balloon, which was to have been marketed as the C-38, the -38 stating the envelope volume in thousands of cubic feet. Instead, an engine was added and the D-38 flew for the first time at Ashton Park, Bristol on 25 September 1980.

The D-38 is a non-rigid airship with a small, steel framed gondola containing the pilot, a single propane burner and its fuel.  A 250 cc Fuji Robin  two-stroke engine, driving a semi-shrouded two blade propeller, is attached to the rear of the gondola.  Hot air from the burner is directed into the envelope by a roughly conical, central, ventral extension. There are three strongly swept stabilizing fins at the rear of the envelope, two horizontal and one vertical.  These are inflated with air from the propeller, collected by a projecting scoop and passing along a fabric ventral tunnel.

Tests of the D-38 showed it was not large enough to cope with hot and high environments, so a version with an envelope linearly enlarged by 9.4% and a volume of 50,000 cu ft (1,416 m³) was produced, designated the D-50. As well as being larger, the D-50 had a revised tail, with four almost rectangular, low aspect ratio surfaces, two vertical and two horizontal. The D-50 first flew on 2 September 1981.

Operational history
Three D-38s appeared on the UK civil aircraft register, all de-registered by 2012. One D-38 remained on the Spanish civil aircraft register in 2010. One D-38 has appeared on the FAA (U.S.A) register.

On 27 August 1982 Ron Taafe in Australia set a series of FAI recognized records for BX class dirigibles in a D-38: altitude, 10,364 ft (3,159 m); distance, 23.03 mi (37.07 km) and duration, 86 mim 52 s.

Eleven D-50s had been built by the start of 1984. In 2010 there were two on the Spanish register and one on each of the French and German registers; the French example was previously on the UK register. Five have appeared on the UK register, though all are now de-registered. Three have appeared on the FAA register.

Variants
D-38 Original 38,000 cu ft airship, triple, swept tail.
D-50 Larger, 50,000 cu ft version with cruciform tail.

Specifications (D-38)

References

Airships
Balloons (aeronautics)
Polyvariance. In program analysis, a polyvariant or context-sensitive analysis (as opposed to a monovariant or context-insensitive analysis) analyzes each function multiple times—typically once at each call site—to improve the precision of the analysis. Polyvariance is common in data-flow and pointer analyses.

Forms of polyvariance include:

 Call-site sensitivity
 The Cartesian product algorithm
 Object sensitivity
 Type sensitivity

The first two are more often used for dataflow analyses, the latter two are more frequently used for pointer analyses.

References

Sources

Program analysis
Polymorphism (computer science)
Communications Controller for Linux. Communications Controller for Linux (Communications Controller for Linux on System z or CCL) is an IBM software product announced in 2005 that runs under Linux on IBM Z and emulates an IBM 37xx communications controller.  CCL runs unmodified IBM Network Control Program (NCP) to allow consolidation of an SNA network infrastructure to IP. According to IBM "SNA traffic enters and leaves CCL as SNA network flows over an OSA adapter. However, your wide area network infrastructure does not need to be SNA. You can consolidate your SNA traffic and use tunneling such as data link switching (DLSw) to encapsulate the SNA communication over an IP network."

CCL supports Ethernet and Token Ring local area network (LAN) connectivity directly, and other connectivity through a DLSw router.  X.25 requires IBM's NPSI software plus a third party package.  CCL does not support Bisync or start-stop.

According to IBM figures, CCL offers the performance of an "average 3745."

Further reading
 IBM Communication Controller for Linux on System z V1.2.1 Implementation Guide

References

IBM mainframe operating systems
Systems Network Architecture
JNR Class ED10. The  was a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement electric locomotive that operated in Japan from 1922.

The two locomotives in the class were designed and built by Westinghouse Electric (electrical components) and Baldwin (mechanical components) in 1922. Originally designated "Class 1000", the locomotives were reclassified ED10 in 1928. The unit has a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement and is powered by four DC traction motors producing a total of 1,100 horsepower. The ED10 weighs just over 67 tons and has a top speed of .

Preserved examples
Following its withdrawal in 1960, ED10 2 was sold to the Seibu Railway, where it became number E71. It operated until 1986, after which it was preserved at Yokoze Depot and returned to its original JNR-era livery.

See also
 Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification

References

Railway locomotives introduced in 1922
Electric locomotives of Japan
1500 V DC locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
Kawasaki locomotives
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Preserved electric locomotives