omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vela 3A. Vela 3A (also known Vela 5, Vela Hotel 5 and OPS 6577) was a U.S. reconnaissance satellite to detect explosions and nuclear tests on land and in space; the first of the third pair of Vela series satellites; taken together with Vela 3B and ERS 17 satellites.

The secondary task of the ship was space research (X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, magnetic field and charged particles). Sister Vela 3B was in a similar orbit, but 180 degrees from it, i.e. on the opposite side of the globe.

The satellite was rotationally stabilized (2 rps). The ship could work in real time mode (one data frame per second) or in data recording mode (one frame every 256 seconds). The first mode was used for the first 40% of the mission's duration. About 1 transmission was received every 4 hours. The second mode was used until the next pair of Vela satellites were launched.

The ship remains in orbit around Earth.

Instruments
 X-ray and charged particle detector
 Gamma ray and charged particle detector
 Neutron detector
 X-ray scintillation counter
 Solid state detector
 Geiger-Muller counters
 Magnetometer
 Extreme Ultraviolet detector

See also 
 Vela (satellite)

References

External links 
 . Springer Nature
  (PDF). Springer Nature

1965 in spaceflight
Military space program of the United States
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
ANTIGONE. ANTIGONE (Algorithms for coNTinuous / Integer Global Optimization of Nonlinear Equations), is a deterministic global optimization solver for general Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLP).

History
ANTIGONE is an evolution of GloMIQO, a global Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming solver written by Ruth Misener. ANTIGONE extends the functionality of GloMIQO to general MINLP problems.

Features
Like all deterministic global optimization software, ANTIGONE is a toolbox of many techniques in order to tackle different special cases of nonlinear structure. That being said, it is predominantly a branch-and-bound solver. Its main algorithmic procedure is split into 4 main steps:

 Reformulation of user input
 Detection of special structure
 Selection of best algorithm for the detected structure
 Solution of the problem using the selected algorithm

With the exception of special cases of optimization problems (for instance convex NLPs) which can be solved at the root node of the branch-and-bound algorithm, ANTIGONE will initiate a branch and bound procedure. This procedure involves the following steps:

 Generating/updating convex relaxations (lower bounding problems)
 Domain reduction
 Search for feasible solutions (upper bounds)
 Calculation of rigorous lower bounds by solving the convex lower bounding problems.

ANTIGONE employs classic factorable programming techniques to generate relaxations, e.g., McCormick Relaxations, as well as contemporary algorithms, such as the Reformulation-Linearisation Technique (RLT), Edge Convex/Concave relaxations, and Alpha BB cuts. ANTIGONE also possesses a dynamic cut generator, which generates and handles locally and globally valid cuts.

Limitations
Like all deterministic global optimization software, ANTIGONE requires the user to provide the explicit mathematical expressions for all the functions used in the problem, as well as initial bounds for all variables. If initial bounds are not supplied, ANTIGONE will attempt to infer bounds, but global optimality is not guaranteed. ANTIGONE can only solve differentiable functions, and can not solve trigonometric problems.

Interfaces
ANTIGONE is part of the GAMS modelling platform.

Licensing
Using GAMS/ANTIGONE requires an ANTIGONE license, a CPLEX license, and a CONOPT or SNOPT license.

See also 
 BARON
 Couenne

References

Mathematical optimization software
Olivier Le Peuch. Olivier Le Peuch (born 1963/1964) is a French businessman, and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Schlumberger, the world's largest oilfield services company, effective 1 August 2019.

Early life and education
Le Peuch was born and raised in France. He earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering, and a master's degree in microelectronics, both from ENSEIRB-MATMECA and University of Bordeaux.

Career 
In 1987, Le Peuch joined Schlumberger as an electrical engineer. He has worked for Schlumberger for 32 years (as of July 2019), rising to chief operating officer (COO) in February 2019, before succeeding Paal Kibsgaard as CEO on 1 August 2019.

In 2023, Le Peuch's total compensation from Schlumberger was $17.2 million, representing a CEO-to-median worker pay ratio of 154-to-1.

References

Living people
Businesspeople in the oil industry
French chief executives
University of Bordeaux alumni
French electrical engineers
1960s births
Schlumberger people
Tapio Saramäki. Tapio Antero Saramäki (12 June 1953) is a Finnish electrical engineer and professor emeritus. He is a pioneer in Finnish digital signal processing (DSP) since 1981. His diploma engineer thesis (1978) and doctor of technology thesis (1981) were the first digital signal processing theses in Tampere University of Technology.

Awards and honors 
 Circuits and Systems Society's Guillemin-Cauer Award (1988)
 IEEE Fellow (2002) for contributions to the design and implementation of digital filters and filter banks
 The Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers Best Paper Award (2003)
 Circuits and Systems Society's Guillemin-Cauer Award (2006)

References 

1953 births
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Tampere
Fellows of the IEEE
Finnish electrical engineers
People from Orivesi
South Australian Railways A class. The first two of what later became the South Australian Railways A class of locomotives, built by Robert Stephenson and Company, England, arrived at Port Adelaide for the South Australian Railways in September and October 1868. A third, final locomotive arrived in 1873.

Design
The A class design was very similar to the 2-4-0 WT (well tank) locomotives that Stephenson supplied to the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company between 1854 and 1871. The main difference between the locos supplied to Victoria and those supplied to South
Australia was the size of the cab, with the Victorian locos having a very much smaller cab, with no side plates. Even then, the two windows on each side of the A class cab remained unglazed.

The three locomotives were the first broad gauge locomotives to be fitted with outside cylinders.

The drawings show locomotive no. 1 in its final form with fully enclosed cab, complete with glazed side windows, a boiler the same diameter as the firebox, a dome that is smaller in diameter but taller than the original, and a new funnel with a more conventional shape. Not evident is the alteration to the front spectacle plate by which two circular windows replaced the three windows originally supplied.

Deployment
When the railway line from Roseworthy to Forrester's (now known as Tarlee) was opened on 5 July 1869, it was intended that a pair of 2-4-0WT locomotives, not yet classified as A class, would operate on it. The rails were lightweight – 40 pounds/yard (20 kilograms/metre) – and soon after the line's opening in September 1869 it became evident that the locomotives were too rigid in their wheelbase and too heavy for the track. New F class locomotives, which entered service later in the month, took over the task. 

The pair were then placed in service on the Port Adelaide line, where they proved to be a much more valuable asset, so much so that a third locomotive was ordered from Robert Stephenson and Company, arriving in 1873, by which time they had become the A class. Subsequently the three engines were allocated to suburban passenger and goods services around the Adelaide metropolitan network. In 1923 the A class were listed as being able to work on the North Terrace to Glenelg line with either freight or passenger trains; Mile End to Port Adelaide with freight trains; Port Adelaide to Dry Creek;
Dry Creek to Stockade (Northfield line); Adelaide to Brighton; and Strathalbyn to Milang. Other work included shunting from Port Dock station to numerous wharfs in the area, in Islington Workshops and the Adelaide yards, and at Milang.

Refurbishing and withdrawal
Refurbishing of two of the locos, including replacing the boiler, took place after about 15 years' service: no.19 in 1883 and again in 1911, and no.1 in 1889. No.20 missed out on a rebuild and, as a consequence, was the first to be withdrawn, in 1893. No. 19 was condemend in 1923 and no. 1 in 1924.

Gallery

Notes

References

A
Robert Stephenson and Company locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1868
Scrapped locomotives 
2-4-0WT locomotives
Rail transport in Australia
Hybrid Trimaran (Philippine ship). The Hybrid Trimaran is a gas and wave-powered trimaran vessel under construction.

Background
The Hybrid Trimaran Project, known fully as the "Hybrid Trimaran Fast Craft Passenger Cargo Vessel using Multi-Engine and Alternative Energy Source from Ocean Waves", was a concept by Filipino engineer Jonathan Salvador of Metallica Consultancy
 and is intended to come up with a design for a ship which has a "modern design, environment-friendly, safe and unsinkable". The project funded by the Department of Science and Technology is a collaboration of the Aklan State University (ASU), the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA), the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development, Metallica and the Aklan Congressional Office. The project was delayed due issues of government-related bureaucracy. As part of the project, a prototype of a ship powered by both gas and waves will be constructed and if found feasible will be offered to interested parties.

In February 2018, the DOST pledged a budget of  for the ship project. MARINA's involvement in the project is to ensure the finished product would meet international safety and emission standards.

The project is planned to be named as "Dual Stroke Cylinder Pumps with 30 Units Working" or "Duterte" for short.

Construction
The implementation of the Hybrid Trimaran project will be made in two phases, the construction of the watercraft, and the development of technology that would enable the vessel to devise wave technology. The keel laying for the ship was held in December 2018. By June 2019, the Hybrid Trimaran is already half complete.

Specification
The Hybrid Trimarin is intended to be a vessel powered by a mix of gasoline and wave technology; using primarily gas when port maneuvering while powered by waves while it sails in open water. Waves gathered from the vessel's outriggers will drive the double action hydraulic pumps which will generate power for the ship. Multi-engine technology will be used as a precaution against total engine failure and the ship's structure will be designed in a way that would minimize it chances of capsizing. The ship will be made of steel.

It is envisioned to be a combined passenger and cargo vessel, smaller but similar to a Roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) ship. Its planned capacity is 100 passengers, 4 vans, and 15 motorcycles. The emission of the vessel is planned to be similar to land vehicles complying with Euro IV to Euro V emission standards

References

Trimarans
Electric boats
Hybrid electric vehicles
Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)
Individual watercraft
Superphenalene. Superphenalene is a very large, synthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with chemical formula C96H30. It can be formally considered to consist of three  fused superbenzenes (hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene).

It can be considered as an overlapping structure of three hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes arranged symmetrically around a center. These have also been known as building blocks of molecular electronics since 2004 as they form self-assembling columns and nanotubes. 

It and its hexa-tert-butyl derivative were first prepared in 1997, along with a collection of other very large PAHs.  Due to the low solubility of these compounds, they could only be characterized by mass spectrometry when they were first synthesized, as neither NMR nor UV-Vis data could be collected.

Properties 

Superphenalene has a planar geometry. With 540,000  mesomeric boundary structures, it has significantly more than hexabenzocoronene (250), supernaphthalene (16,100) and also buckminsterfullerene (12,500). The molecule has a threefold symmetry axis perpendicular to the molecule (C3).

References 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Groshev GN-7. The Groshev GN-7 was a high performance Soviet sailplane flown in the mid-1930s and built in quantity. In 1937 it set a new world distance record.

Design and development
The Groshev GN-7 was a gull-wing sailplane. Gull-wings were common in the 1930s and some designs used curved wing spars which were complicated or expensive to construct. To avoid this difficulty the inner, high dihedral parts of the GN-7's wing were unusually short (about ) and integral with the plywood-skinned fuselage. The outer wing, at shoulder wing height and with only slight dihedral, was built around a straight single spar. The construction of the outer wing was typical for its era: a diagonal drag strut braced the spar to the fuselage and the wing was ply-skinned ahead of it. There was also ply skinning ahead of the spar, forming a torsion resistant D-box. Behind the spar and drag strut the wing was fabric covered, though the ailerons, which occupied about half the span, were ply-covered. In plan the wings were trapezoidal out to rounded tips. Strong taper produced a high aspect ratio of 22.

The GN-7's cockpit, enclosed under multi-part glazing, was ahead of the leading edge of the wing. The fuselage section became increasingly circular and slender back to a narrow, upright and integral fin. This carried a broad, rounded, fabric-covered rudder which extended down to the keel. A very narrow tailplane was forward-mounted at mid-fuselage and carried semi-elliptical, fabric-covered elevators well ahead of the rudder.

The landing gear was also conventional, with a shallow, enclosed skid from near the nose to just aft of the wing spar. The extreme rear of the fuselage flared downwards to form a small tail bumper with a little tailskid.

Operational history
The GN-7 was built in quantity though numbers are not known. 

During May 1937 Victor Rastorguyev set three new world distance records in one. His final and best flight covered .

Also in 1937 one took first place in the single-seat category of the 12th Soviet National Contest in the Crimea.

Specifications

References

1930s Soviet sailplanes 
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Yomaira Pagán Torres. Yomaira Jeannette Pagán Torres is a Puerto Rican chemical engineer. She is a professor in the department of chemical engineer at University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Pagán was formerly a senior engineer at the Dow Chemical Company.

Early life and education 
Pagán was born and raised in Puerto Rico. She completed a B.S. in chemical engineering at University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her 2011 dissertation was titled Catalytic strategies and catalyst design for the conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates to chemicals. Pagán's doctoral advisor was .

Career 
Pagán worked for the Dow Chemical Company as a senior engineer in the feed stocks, olefins, chemicals, and alternative technologies research and development group in Freeport, Texas. She later joined the department of chemical engineering at University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (UPRM) as an assistant professor.

Research 
Pagán researches "the design and synthesis of novel heterogeneous catalytic materials with tailored active sites for the transformation of carbon resources, such as biomass, carbon dioxide, and methane to chemicals and fuels." At UPRM, her research group investigates "elucidating reaction mechanisms, conducting kinetic studies, and in the synthesis of novel nano-structured catalyst for the selective transformation of carbon based resources."

References

External links 
 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez people
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
Puerto Rican women scientists
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
American chemical engineers
Women chemical engineers
21st-century American chemists
21st-century Puerto Rican engineers
Dow Chemical Company employees
John Lewis Mitchell. Air Commodore John Lewis Mitchell  (November 12, 1918 – February 5, 2016) was a pilot who flew Winston Churchill around the world in his specially fitted aircraft, Ascalon.

Mitchell was born in South Croydon and educated at Bancroft's School. 

During World War II Prime Minister Winston Churchill had flown in RAF and civil aircraft but as the war intensified it was decided that he would fly in special plane codenamed, Ascalon, after the lance with which St George killed the dragon.

Personal life
He married Brenda Stroud in 1943 and they had two sons.

References

 - Total pages: 128

External links 
Memoir by Air Commodore John L Mitchell "The diary of a navigator on the Prime Minister's private aircraft, 1943-5".

1918 births
2016 deaths
Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
[Category:Royal Air Force air commodores]]
Hanumant Shankar Sawant. Hanumant Shankar Sawant (born 13 August 1939) is a radio astronomer and one of the pioneers of the Brazilian solar radio astronomy. He has been the key scientist behind concept, design and installation of the Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA). Under his leadership, an outstanding group in radio astrophysics has been built at National Institute of Space Research (INPE) in Brazil.

Early life and education 
Hanumant Sawant was born at Pune, India in 1939. He received BSc degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering from University of Bombay in 1964 and MSc in Physics in 1971 from the Ahmedabad University, and PhD in Physical Sciences from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in 1977. He was at the Department of Astronomy of University of Maryland (1978–1979) and Space Science Laboratory of University of California, Berkeley, USA (1980–1981). In 1982, he became Associate Researcher of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil. He became Project Director of the BDA in 2002 and retired from INPE in 2015.

Major contributions 
His main contributions involved observational and theoretical precursor studies of fine structures in solar noise storms at decametric frequencies and high-energy solar flares, in collaboration with leading scientists such as R.V. Bhonsle,  S.K. Alurkar, S.S. Degaonkar, M. Kundu, P. Kaufmann and S.R. Kane. In 1982 he participated in the innovative investigation on the interplanetary effects of solar flares occurred in 1979 when after, in 1984, he published the results  in partnership with S.R. Kane and A. Hewish the Nobel Prize winner in physics in 1974. This was pioneering work in the scientific field that is now known as the space weather.

He was the main researcher for the development of the following instruments in solar radio astronomy: ROI Millimeter Radiometer (18–23 GHz) - Itapetinga Radio Observatory (Atibaia, SP), Decimetric Solar Spectrometer (1.2-1.7 GHz), Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) (1.0-2.5 GHz) and Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA), for which he has served as General Coordinator since 2001.

Personal life 
Prof. Hanumant Sawant  is married to Ratna Sawant and resides in São José dos Campos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. He has one daughter, Vidula Sawant and one son. His son, Abhijit Sawant is married to Sandra. He is the grandfather of Kyle, Enzo and Enya.

References

External links 
 2010 Brazilian Decimetric Array (BDA)

1939 births
Living people
Brazilian astronomers
Fergusson College alumni
Radio astronomers
University of Mumbai alumni
People from Pune
2019 Pakistan Army military plane crash. On 30 July 2019, a Beechcraft King Air of the Pakistan Army crashed near Bahria Town, Rawalpindi. All five crew members, as well as 13 civilians, were killed when the plane crashed into a residential area.

Aircraft 
The accident aircraft was a  Beechcraft King Air 350i registered in 2011 as FL-766 and operated by the Pakistan Army.

Accident 
The accident occurred at 02:00 local time (07:00 GMT) when a small Beechcraft King Air military plane operating a training flight for the Pakistan Army crashed into houses in the city of Rawalpindi, killing 18 people, many of whom were on the ground.

However, according to a local rescue member who said that 19 bodies including those of the five crew members and the bodies of 14 civilians who were sent to a local hospital. Among the victims there is also a family of 8 people, including 4 children.

Aftermath 
According to a tweet from the Pakistani Government, Prime Minister Imran Khan expressed his condolences to the families of the victims and wished a good recovery to the injured.

The accident has raised huge doubts about Pakistan's aviation safety due to many plane and helicopter crashes over the years. Among these are Pakistan International Airlines Flight 661 which occurred in 2016 when an ATR 42-500 crashed killing 47 occupants and AirBlue Flight 202 occurred in 2010 on an Airbus A321, which is considered the accident with the most victims on Pakistani soil with a total of 152 victims.

Cause 
The probable cause remains unknown, but it was reported by the BBC that the plane made a sharp turn shortly before the crash which may have led to the impact with residential structures.

References

Army military plane crash
Army military plane crash
Accidents and incidents involving the Beechcraft Super King Air
Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2019
History of Rawalpindi
Army military plane crash
2019 military plane crash
Bicomponent fiber. Bicomponent fiber is made of two materials, utilizing desired properties of each material.

Such fibers can be created by extrusion spinning.  

One or both materials may remain in the finished product, or one material may be dissolved, leaving only one material remaining.  For example, DuPont created the highly coiled elastic fiber called cantrese having two different nylon polymers side-by-side.

Formats
Formats of bicomponent fibers include:

Side-by-side
Extrusions are side-by-side within a single filament

Core-sheath
Extrusions with one material surrounding another

Segmented
Segmented like sections of a pie

Islands-in-the-sea
Islands-in-the-sea extrusions are also called matrix-fibril, because fibrils of one polymer are distributed in the matrix of another polymer.  The matrix is known as the "sea", and the fibrils are known as islands.  The matrix is a soluble material that is washed away by a suitable solvent at some point in the manufacturing process.  What remains at the microscopic level are bundles of thin parallel fibers, resulting in a fabric that is very soft and flexible.

Applications
Islands-in-the-sea can be melt blown to produce fabric such as Alcantara.

References

External links
needle-punching nonwovens 

Fibers
Jeff Edmonds. Jeff Edmonds is a Canadian and American mathematician and computer scientist specializing in computational complexity theory.

Academic career
Edmonds received his Bachelors at Waterloo in 1987 and his Ph.D. in 1993 at University of Toronto. His thesis proved lower bounds on time-space tradeoffs. He did his post-doctorate work at the ICSI in Berkeley on secure data transmission over networks for multi-media applications. He joined Department of EECS at Lassonde School of Engineering
York University in 1995.

Research
Edmonds' research interests include complexity theory, scheduling, proof systems, probability theory, combinatorics and machine learning.

Personal life
Edmonds is the son of another mathematician, Jack Edmonds.

See also 
 Edmonds–Pruhs protocol

Selected publications

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References

Living people
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian computer scientists
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of York University
Theoretical computer scientists
1963 births