omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SJ R. The R class of the Swedish State Railways (SJ) was a type of steam locomotive built between 1908 and 1909. The class was built primarily to pull heavy iron ore trains on the Iron Ore Line in northern Sweden.

History
As the iron ore trains became heavier in the early 1900s, it became obvious to the Swedish State Railways that their M class of locomotives could not pull the heavier trains without the help of a pusher engine. SJ then placed an order of five locomotives with a 0-10-0 configuration. The class was at its introduction in 1908 the most powerful steam locomotive built in Sweden, a record which lasted until 1930 when the M3t class was introduced.

In 1914 the electrification of the Iron Ore Line had begun, thus making the R class unnecessary at the Iron Ore line, and the locomotives were transferred south to be used in regular freight trains. In 1935 two locomotives were sold to the private railway Gävle-Dala Järnväg. In 1963 one locomotive (R 975) was sent to Denmark as a part of a deal to bring the F1200 locomotive of the F class. R975 was subsequently scrapped in Denmark in 1963. Of the remaining four locomotives in Sweden, three were scrapped in 1973. The last locomotive was preserved and is kept in running order by the Swedish Railway Museum, which uses the locomotive in heritage trains on special occasions.

Sources

Mer om R-loken på Svenska-lok.se

Steam locomotives of Sweden
Standard gauge locomotives of Sweden
Railway locomotives introduced in 1908
0-10-0 locomotives
Advanced Technology Airborne Computer. The Advanced Technology Airborne Computer (ATAC) was a product of Itek (a division of Litton Industries), used on US naval aircraft, and the NASA Galileo (spacecraft).

The ATAC was built using AMD 2901 4-bit processors and had a basic cycle time of 250 ns. It could be programmed in HAL/S, and could be microprogrammed to add new instructions. The Galileo project added four instructions.

Use on US Naval aircraft

Use by Galileo project 
The Galileo Attitude and Articulation Control System (AACSE) was controlled by two Itek Advanced Technology Airborne Computers (ATAC), built using radiation-hardened 2901s. The project wrote their own GRACOS (Galileo realtime Attitude Control Operating System).

The Galileo project had radiation-hardened 2901 processors made (by Sandia National Lab) for the spacecraft.

References

Further reading 
 

Aircraft Research aircraft
Computers
Sue Murphy (businesswoman). Susan Lee Murphy is an Australian business executive and engineer. She has worked at chief executive level in private industry and a government utility.

Career 
Murphy graduated from the University of Western Australia with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering in 1979. She joined Clough Engineering in 1980 and, in 1998 became the first woman on its board. She rose to chief executive officer of its Minerals and Infrastructure Division before she left in 2004 to join Water Corporation. After four years as general manager of planning and infrastructure, Murphy became chief executive officer in 2008.

Murphy was appointed to the board of Monadelphous in June 2019. Other board roles include Western Australian Treasury Corporation and Fremantle Football Club.

Awards and recognition 
Murphy was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2009. Four years running Engineers Australia named her in the top 100 engineers in Australia. She received the 2014 Women in Water award from the International Water Association. She was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for "distinguished service to the natural resources sector in Western Australia, and to engineering".

References

External links 
 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Western Australia alumni
Officers of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
Australian civil engineers
Australian women engineers
Australian chief executives
Surface contour. The surface contour of the fiber characterizes its outer surface along its shaft and may be rough, smooth, scaly, serrated, convoluted, or striated, all of which contribute to the friction, softness, and texture. The property is important for the texture and feel of the fabric that is made.  Natural fibers, like cotton and wool, have a staple length and irregular, void-filled surface contours. The rough surface aids in the capture of fine particles. Due to the fact that they are not completely solid, they are more compressible. The fiber's microstructures include its cross section shape and surface contour.

Shapes of fibers 
Fiber contour is defined by the fiber's longitudinal surface form. The surface shape of the fiber varies from fiber to fiber which is inherent in natural fibers and may be altered and controlled at the manufacturing stage of synthetic fibers.

The fiber shape of synthetic fibers is controlled with a device spinneret during manufacturing (extrusion) process, whereas natural fibers conceive their shape with a variety of factors such as  cellulose built up in plant fibers, and in silk, the shape of orifice from where the silk fibers are extruded. In hair fibers, it is hair follicle that is responsible for the shape.

Significance 
The process by which fibers become yarns and yarns become fabric results in fabric structure and its properties. Other than the hand feel and texture of the fabric, the frictional properties of the fibers and comfort to the skin are properties of the fabric that depend upon the surface contour.

See also 

 Aesthetics (textile)
 Textile performance
Synthetic fiber
Natural fiber

References 

.

Fibers
Properties of textiles
IMOCA 60 PRB (1991). The IMOCA 60 Class yacht Solo obtained sponsorship and became PRB - Solo Nantes was designed by Paul Lucas and launched in the August 1991 after being built by Alu Marine, France.

Racing results

References 

Individual sailing vessels
1990s sailing yachts
Sailing type designs by Paul Lucas
Vendée Globe yachts
IMOCA 60 yachts
Seafarer 46. The Seafarer 46 is an American sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a cruiser and first built in 1967.

The Seafarer 46 is probably a development of the Seafarer 45.

Production
The design was built by Seafarer Yachts in the United States, starting in 1967, but it is now out of production.

The boat was offered complete and ready-to-sail, or in various stages of completion.

Design
The Seafarer 46 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead yawl rig or optional masthead sloop rig, with a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of lead ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with a Universal  diesel engine for docking and maneuvering.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Sparkman and Stephens
Sailboat types built by Seafarer Yachts
FVV. FVV may refer to:

Groups and organizations
 FVV (; )
 FVV (Budapest), trambus operator, predecessor to Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.
 Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund, predecessor to Frankfurt U-Bahn

Vehicles
 FVV (armoured car fighting vehicle), see List of armored fighting vehicles of the Soviet Union
 Facilities Verification Vehicle
 an Apollo module used in the Saturn IB display
 a Saturn V rocket used for SA-500F
 FV-V, a series of tractors from Farmall France

Other uses
 Fred VanVleet (born 1994), U.S. basketball player

See also

 FV (disambiguation)
 FW (disambiguation)

 FV2 (disambiguation)
Ulrich Wolfgang Arndt. Ulrich Wolfgang Arndt FRS (23 April 1924 – 24 March 2006) was a scientist committed to the development of X-ray crystallography technology and instrumentation. His instruments were used to achieve data for some of the first solved protein structures, myoglobin and haemoglobin.

Born in Berlin, he emigrated with his family to London in the 1930s. He attended Emmanuel College, Cambridge, which lead to a research position in the Department of Crystallography in the Cavendish Laboratory. He then gained his PhD from Birmingham University with work on a Geiger counter spectrometer.

From Birmingham he moved to London in 1950 for a position in the Davy–Faraday Laboratory at the Royal Institution, where work began on protein structural determination. Sir Lawrence Bragg would become Director of the laboratory in 1954.  

His work continued at Cambridge in 1962, when he joined the new MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, invited by Max Perutz.

He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1982, and he received the British Crystallographic Association’s Dorothy Hodgkin Prize in 2000.

References

1924 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Scientists from Berlin
British crystallographers
German biophysicists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Swarm drone. Swarm drones are drones especially designed to operate together as robotic swarms. Military swarms are capable of surveillance and attack missions.

India
Following a three-year-long competition organised by the Indian Air Force, at least two companies are expected to receive formal contracts for surveillance, attack and electronic warfare drones. The ‘swarm architecture’ award went to NewSpace Research & Technologies, run by former IAF officer Sameer Joshi. NewSpace also won a US$15 million swarm drone order from the Indian Army.

The ‘communication architecture’ award went to a Delhi Technology University team incubated Flaire Unmanned Systems in a tie-up with Adani Defence, and the ‘drone architecture’ award went to Dhaksha Unmanned Systems. For designing the swarm drones for the Indian Army, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is supporting NewSpace Research and Technologies in development of the swarm drones.

During an event in Jhansi in November 2021, DRDO showcased the armed swarm technology with minimal human efforts. The drones are operable at high-altitudes, rough-weather conditions and can fly at a speed of 100 km/h and has ability to strike multiple drones at the target.

For promoting drone development, the Indian Air Force also launched a three-year long competition in 2018, named, Mehar Baba Swarm Drone Competition that was open for distinct organizations.

Israel
The use of swarm drones was also done by the Israel Defense Forces to find the rocket launchers situated in Gaza City.

References 

Unmanned aerial vehicles
Multi-robot systems
Global Effect. Global Effect is a 1992 video game published by EA/Millennium Interactive.

Gameplay
Global Effect is a game in which world construction and maintenance is simulated, and multiple scenarios are included for creating worlds, saving worlds, and ruling worlds. Services available to the player include waste disposal, fuel sources, power stations, and supplies of food and water. The player must keep the world environmentally clean while opposing an adversary trying to destroy it. The player must build a thriving civilization by developing the natural resources of the world. The game also allows the player to wage a thermonuclear war against neighboring civilizations. The world is generated by the computer, with its continents, oceans, and ice caps, and mineral deposits beneath the land.

Reception

M. Evan Brooks reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "A lifetime member of the Sierra Club with a Ph.D. in ecological engineering might have the drive and stamina to delve into the mechanics and playability of this product. As for the rest of us, Global Effect is closer to SimChernobyl than to SimCity."

Scott A. May for Compute! said that while "Tenacious players might eventually enjoy this complex model of environmental cause and effect", other players would not find it rewarding.

Steve White for Amiga Action called the game "probably the best planet simulator around".

Dan Slingsby for CU Amiga found that while it can be fun to create and nurture an environment, "It's just that I can think of many better games to spend my money."

Neil Jackson for Amiga Format quipped that "Unless you're intending to use it as a demonstration tool at the Earth Summit, give it a miss."

Martin Pond for Zero found the game "great fun to play" and that it would be just as fun to play as "a bit of a fascist meathead" as to play with the goal of protecting the environment.

Reviews
Joystick (Jul, 1992)
ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Jul, 1994)
ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) (Apr, 1992)
Amiga Power (May, 1992)
Amiga Power (Apr, 1995)
Computer Gaming World (Nov, 1992)
Amiga Computing 49 (Jun 1992)

References

1992 video games
Acorn Archimedes games
Amiga CD32 games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Electronic Arts games
Millennium Interactive games
Strategy video games
Anke Kaysser-Pyzalla. Anke Kaysser-Pyzella (born 26 September 1966) is a German materials scientist and mechanical engineer who has been the CEO of the German Aerospace Center since October 2020. She had previously served as the President of the Technical University of Braunschweig from 2017 until 2020.

Early life and education
Kaysser-Pyzalla received her doctoral degree from Ruhr University Bochum.

Other activities
 Fraport, Member of the Economic Advisory Board

References 

German mechanical engineers
German materials scientists
Ruhr University Bochum alumni

1966 births

Living people
Daniel Post. Daniel Post is an American engineer and was a professor at the Virginia Tech.

Education 
Post studied at the Pratt Institute of New York from 1947 to 1948, completing his BS at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1950. He received his MS in 1951 and PhD in 1957 in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He was co-advised by Thomas J. Dolan and Charles E. Taylor, being Taylor's first graduate student.

Research and career 
Following his graduate studies, Post moved to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as an Adjunct Associate Professor, where he also held to the position of Associate Professor. He did work with Francis G. Tatnall and Vishay Intertechnology on the development of new strain gauges. He developed a unique production method for foil-tyle strain gauges in 1963. Throughout his career he consulted to government and industry. He was a professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University from 1978 to 1991 when he retired and became professor emeritus. He was one of the investigators on the 1969 Department of Defense Themis grant that served as the genesis of Virginia Tech's international leadership in composite and advanced materials. In 1979 he invented a white light Moire interferometry technique and later authored "High Sensitivity Moiré: Experimental Analysis for Mechanics and Materials", serving the major book on the topic of Moiré Interferometry. Post was active in the Society for Experimental Stress Analysis (SESA) (later the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM)) and was named the eighteenth Honorary Member of the society in 1999.

Awards and recognition 
Society for Experimental Mechanics Murray Lecture and Award (1971)
Society for Experimental Mechanics Fellow (1977)
Society for Experimental Mechanics Frocht Award (1988)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Alumni Research Award (1989)
Royal Society of London Award (1995)
Society for Experimental Mechanics Honorary Member (1999)
Society for Experimental Mechanics Taylor (2006)

References 

1929 births

Possibly living people
American engineers
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Virginia Tech people
Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
20th-century American engineers
Volta Charging. Volta Charging was an American electric vehicle infrastructure company. As of September 2021, the company had installed more than 2,000 charging stations in twenty-three U.S. states.

Volta charging stations are compatible with all major plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle types in the United States and have a digital screen featuring advertisements. Generally, charging a vehicle at a Volta station is free, because Volta is supported by advertisements.

On March 31, 2023, Shell USA acquired the company for approximately $169 million.

History
Volta Charging was founded in Hawaii in 2010 by Scott Mercer and Chris Wendel. Leonardo DiCaprio was an early investor in the company.

In February 2021, it announced a special-purpose acquisition company merger with Tortoise Acquisition Company II. After completing the merger, Volta went public on the New York Stock Exchange on August 27, 2021.

By September 2021, the company had installed more than 2,000 charging stations in twenty-three U.S. states. In November, Volta partnered with Topgolf to install charging stations at Topgolf entertainment centers across the United States.

In the third financial quarter of 2021, Volta's revenues increased 77 percent year-over-year to $8.5 million. In March 2023 the company was acquired by Shell USA in an all-cash deal.

See also
Charging station
Plug-in vehicle
Plug-in hybrid vehicle

References

External links
 

Electric vehicle infrastructure developers
American companies established in 2010
Special-purpose acquisition companies
Electronics companies established in 2010
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in San Francisco
2010 establishments in Hawaii
2023 mergers and acquisitions
CCIR System C. CCIR System C (originally known as the Belgian 625-line system) is an analog broadcast television system used between 1953 and 1978 in Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Luxembourg as a compromise between Systems B and L. Used on VHF only.

Specifications 
Some of the important specifications for System C are listed below:

 Frame rate: 25 Hz
 Interlace: 2/1
 Field rate: 50 Hz
 Lines/frame: 625
 Line rate: 15.625 kHz
 Visual bandwidth: 5 MHz
 Vision modulation: Positive
 Preemphasis: 50 μs
 Sound modulation: AM
 Sound offset: +5.5 MHz
 Channel bandwidth: 7 MHz
 Assumed display device gamma: 2.0

Television channels were arranged as follows:

See also 
 CCIR System B
 CCIR System L
 Broadcast television systems
 Television transmitter
 Transposer

Notes and references

External links 
 World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
 Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt

ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
Video formats
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System
Lara Dolecek. Lara Dolecek is an American coding theorist known for her work on low-density parity-check codes. She works in the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science as a professor of electrical and computer engineering and area director for signals and systems.

Education and career
Dolecek studied in the department of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, earning a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and Ph.D. there; she also has a master's degree in statistics from Berkeley. She joined the faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles after postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She also serves on the board of governors of the IEEE Information Theory Society.

Book
With Frederic Sala, Dolecek is the coauthor of the book Channel Coding Methods for Non-Volatile Memories (Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory, Now Publishing, 2016).

Recognition
Dolecek was named a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Information Theory Society for 2021–2022.

Personal life
Dolecek is the daughter of electronics engineering professor Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek and mechanical engineering professor Vlatko Doleček.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Coding theorists
American telecommunications engineers
American women engineers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Slope house. Slope house or Souterrain house is a house with soil or rock completely covering the bottom floor on one side and partly two of the walls on the bottom floor. The house has two entries depending on the ground level.

The main reason for building a slope house is due to the landscape, for example the land where the house should be built is placed on a hill or a slope on a mountain. Opposite to earth shelter the primary reason is not to use the thermal mass from the surrounding to insulate the house. Sometimes the soil is excavated to make the floor area the same on both upper and lower floor, the soil can also be partly excavated making the area for the lower floor smaller. When a house is built in a slope the advantage in an open country is the view, mountain, lake or meadow.

See also
 Earth shelter

References

Building engineering
House types
List of UNISOC systems on chips. This is a list of UNISOC (formerly Spreadtrum) processors for use in smartphones, tablets, laptops, smartwatches and other devices.

Feature phone processors

2G smartphone processors

3G smartphone processors

4G smartphone and tablet processors

5G smartphone processors

3G modems

4G modems

5G modems

Smart wearables

WAN IoT

LAN IoT

Smart Display

References

ARM-based systems on chips
2022 Qinghai earthquake. On January 8, 2022, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck Menyuan County, Qinghai Province near the border with Gansu Province, China. It was the largest earthquake in China since the 2021 Maduo earthquake.

Earthquake
The earthquake occurred as a result of shallow (10 km depth) strike-slip faulting at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. It ruptured a fault located near the Qilian Mountains. The geological structure responsible was the Lenglongling Fault, a segment of the Haiyuan Fault System. The rupture was mostly confined to 0–8 km within the upper crust. A maximum slip of 3.5 m was estimated at 4 km depth. Surface ruptures were observed for a length of 22 km, and the maximum surface displacement was 2.1 m. The evaluated maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was IX (Violent) near the rupture zone. Intensity VI (Strong) was felt over an area of at least 23,417 km2.

By January 17, 2022, at least 584 aftershocks were recorded, and the largest measured 5.3. The aftershocks were distributed along a 40 km-long zone trending east–west. Many were detected at depths of 7–14 km, beneath the main rupture area. Only a few aftershocks were detected within 5 km of the crust.

Damage and injuries
The earthquake damaged at least 137 homes and collapsed two walls in Zhangye. Four people in Menyuan Hui Autonomous County suffered minor injuries while evacuating. In total, nine people were reported to be injured, eight of them were discharged from hospitals by the following day.

Some bridges and tunnels on the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway sustained serious damage and traffic was halted until repairs could be completed.
The Great Wall of China was also damaged by the quake. A  section of the wall in Shandan County, built during the Ming Dynasty, collapsed. As of January 2022, repair and restoration work on this section was underway.

See also
 List of earthquakes in 2022
 List of earthquakes in China
 1932 Changma earthquake

References

China
Earthquakes in Qinghai
Earthquakes in Gansu
January 2022 events in China
2022 disasters in China