omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Libration (molecule). Libration (from the Latin verb librare "to balance, to sway"; cf. libra "scales") is a type of reciprocating motion in which an object with a nearly fixed orientation repeatedly rotates slightly back and forth. In physics and chemistry, a molecule (or other group of atoms) can undergo libration if it is subject to external forces or constraints that restrict its orientation.

For example, in liquid water, any given water molecule is attracted to neighboring molecules, so that it has a preferred orientation and cannot freely rotate. (Of course, over time, the neighboring molecules move around and the preferred orientation changes.) However, it can undergo librational motions, which are measureable in an infrared absorption spectrum and contribute to motional narrowing of other peaks, for instance the OH stretch.

Another example is a molecular crystal: Each molecular unit has a preferred orientation due to interactions with the nearby molecules, but they have librational modes corresponding to small rotations about this preferred orientation.

References 

Physical chemistry
Molecular vibration
Infrared spectroscopy
IEC 62304. IEC 62304 – medical device software – software life cycle processes is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The standard specifies life cycle requirements for the development of medical software and software within medical devices. It has been adopted as national standards and therefore can be used as a benchmark to comply with regulatory requirements.

Implications of IEC 62304 for software 
The IEC 62304 standard calls out certain cautions on using software, particularly SOUP (software of unknown pedigree or provenance). The standard spells out a risk-based decision model on when the use of SOUP is acceptable, and defines testing requirements for SOUP to support a rationale on why such software should be used.

Contents 

Source:

General requirements 

 Quality management system
 Risk management
 Software safety classification

Software development process 

 Software development planning
 Software requirements analysis
 Software architectural design
 Software detailed design
 Software unit implementation and verification
 Software integration and integration testing
 Software system testing
 Software release

Effect of safety classification on required development process documentation

Software maintenance process 

 Establish software maintenance plan
 Problem and modification analysis
 Modification implementation

Software risk management process 

 Analysis of software contributing to hazardous situations
 Risk control measures
 Verification of risk control measures
 Risk management of software changes
 Security and reliability through software quality

Software configuration management process 

 Configuration identification 
 Change control
 Configuration status accounting

Software problem resolution process 

 Prepare problem reports
 Investigate the problem 
 Advise relevant parties 
 Use change control process 
 Maintain records
 Analyse problems for trends 
 Verify software problem resolution 
 Test documentation contents

See also
 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
 List of IEC standards
 IEC 60601 - safety and essential performance of medical electrical equipment
 ISO 14971 — application of risk management to medical devices
 ISO 13485 — medical devices, quality management systems: requirements for regulatory purposes
 ISO 9001 — quality management systems: requirements
 International Standards for automating the software structural quality
 Therac-25 a computer-controlled radiation therapy machine which was one prompt for IEC 62304
 Time-triggered system (a software architecture that is used in many safety-critical systems)

References

External links 
 

62304
Regulation of medical devices
Software development process
Medical software
Harry Garner. Sir Harry Mason Garner  (3 November 1891 – 7 August 1977) was a British aerodynamicist who was also notable as an expert on, and collector of, oriental ceramics.

Biography
Garner was one of three boys and a daughter. His eldest brother, William Edward (1889–1960) was born in Hugglescote in Leicestershire and became an expert in explosives. His other brother Frederic Horace (1893–1964) became a chemistry professor. Harry was educated at Market Bosworth Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge. He worked for the British government on aerodynamics leading a group at Felixstowe on marine aviation before becoming chief scientist at the Ministry of Supply.

Meanwhile, he became a noted expert and collector of oriental art. He started by collecting Chinese blue and white porcelain, and also wrote on Chinese lacquerware, especially carved lacquer, and published on these and other subjects.  In 1954 he recognised the two vases now known as the David Vases as the only fourteenth century blue and white porcelain then known. Garner and his wife made donations of furniture. He was a friend of Sir Percival David. Both of these made substantial donations to the British Museum. Amongst Garner's collection were the Kakiemon elephants.

Honours
Harry Garner was appointed CB in the King's Birthday Honours of 1948 and was knighted KBE in the New Year Honours of 1951. Sir Harry Garner was the last person knighted by King George VI. He was a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society.

References
GARNER, Sir Harry Mason, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014
Sir Harry Harner (obituary), The Times, London, 10 August 1977, page 16

1891 births
1977 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Aerodynamicists
People associated with the British Museum
British orientalists
British ceramicists
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Historians of East Asian art
People from Hugglescote
20th-century ceramists
Mudflap (disambiguation). A mudflap is an accessory on wheel wells of a motor vehicle.

Mudflap may also refer to:
Mudflap (Transformers), several fictional robot superhero characters in the Transformers robot superhero franchise.
Mudflap, a version of the Nike Zeus anti-satellite weapon
Mudflap, a tool for detecting dangling pointers
Fender (vehicle), American English term for the part of a vehicle body that frames a wheel well

See also
Mudflap girl, an iconic symbol appearing on many vehicle mud flaps
Fender (vehicle), known in the UK as a mudguard
Splash guard (disambiguation)
Nature Physics. Nature Physics is a monthly  peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was first published in October 2005 (volume 1, issue 1). The chief editor is David Abergel.

Scope
Nature Physics publishes both pure and applied research from all areas of physics. Subject areas covered by the journal include quantum mechanics, condensed-matter physics, optics, thermodynamics, particle physics, and biophysics.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is indexed in the following databases:  
Chemical Abstracts Service – CASSI
Science Citation Index
Science Citation Index Expanded
Current Contents – Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 19.684, ranking it 4th out of 86 journals in the category "Physics, Multidisciplinary".

References

External links
 Official website

Physics journals
Nature Research academic journals
Academic journals established in 2005
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Grahame-White G.W.E.7. The Grahame-White G.W.E.7 was a British twin-engined transport biplane, designed by M Boudot and built by Grahame-White Aviation Company at Hendon.

Development
The G.W.E.7 was a luxury transport biplane with folding wings, it seated four passengers in a cabin in the nose with the pilot behind. Powered by two  Rolls-Royce Eagle V piston engines. The only G.W.E.7, registered G-EALR was first flown in 1919. It was damaged beyond repair in a forced landing at Hendon in the same year. The damaged remains were burned in 1920.

Specifications

Notes

References

External links
 Contemporary technical description of the G.W.E.7 (here called the "Aero-Limousine") with photographs and drawings.

1910s British civil utility aircraft
Grahame-White aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1919
MAHEM. The Magneto Hydrodynamic Explosive Munition (MAHEM) is a weapon being developed by DARPA of the United States Department of Defense that would utilize molten metal to penetrate enemy armor.  The molten metal would be propelled by electromagnetic fields from explosions. The munition would be delivered to a target as a warhead "packaged into a missile, projectile or other platform." It would penetrate the armor of an enemy vehicle then explode when it gets inside, destroying the vehicle from the inside out. DARPA predicts the weapon will have greater efficiency, control, and precision than conventional explosively formed penetrators.

It is driven by a compressed magnetic flux generator (CMFG).

References

Projectiles
DARPA projects
Tinaksite. Tinaksite (chemical formula ) is a mineral found in northern Russia. Tinaksite can be grayish-white, yellowish, orange, or brown, and it is often found in charoite. Its name is derived from its composition: titanium (Ti), sodium (Na) potassium (K) and silicon (Si). The International Mineralogical Association first recognized tinaksite as a mineral in 1965.

References

External links

Calcium minerals
Sodium minerals
Potassium minerals
Inosilicates
Gemstones
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Hickory Aviation Museum. Hickory Aviation Museum is an aviation museum at the Hickory Regional Airport  in Hickory, North Carolina. It features a museum located in the former airport terminal with artifacts, a hangar with aircraft and outdoor exhibits of aircraft on the former airport ramp.

History
The museum originated from the Sabre Society, which was formed in 1991 to restore a North American FJ-3 Fury on display at a ballpark in Taylorsville, North Carolina. Co-founded by Kyle and Kregg Kirby, it opened to the public on 19 May 2007.

In 2021, the museum announced it would receive an F4F on loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum.

In 2022, plans were announced for a new building located at Hickory Regional Airport. In addition to housing the museum's aircraft, it will also serve as a training facility for the Catawba Valley Community College. The new facility will cost a total of $22 Million, with $15 Million appropriated from the state budget and the remaining $7 Million from museum fundraising. Stipulations of the plan include relinquishing the spot the museum has within the commercial terminal should commercial operations return to Hickory Regional Airport. The museum broke ground on the new building on 26 October 2023.

The museum has received a number of aircraft on loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum, including a NU-1B in January 2024. This trend continued with the announcement of the arrival of an AV-8B in July of that year.

Collection

 Beechcraft T-34C Turbo Mentor
 Bell AH-1W SuperCobra
 Curtiss XF15C-1
 de Havilland Vampire
 Douglas A-4L Skyhawk
 Grumman A-6E Intruder
 Eastern FM-2 Wildcat
 Grumman F-9 Cougar
 Grumman F-14A Tomcat – cockpit
 Grumman F-14D Tomcat
 Grumman OV-1D Mohawk
 Hispano HA-200 Saeta
 Howard GH-3 Nightingale
 Lockheed P-3C Orion
 Lockheed T-33A
 LTV A-7A Corsair II
 McDonnell F-101 Voodoo
 McDonnell Douglas F-4B Phantom II
 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet
 North American FJ-3M Fury
 North American T-2 Buckeye
 Northrop F-5E Tiger II
 Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler
 Republic F-105B Thunderchief
 Sikorsky SH-3H Sea King
 McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II

See also
 Carolinas Aviation Museum
 North Carolina Aviation Museum
 List of aerospace museums

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 

Aerospace museums in North Carolina
Museums in Catawba County, North Carolina
Hickory, North Carolina
Vortex Engineering. Vortex Engineering is the pioneer in low-power ATMs and is an India-based technology company incubated by IIT-Madras. Vortex manufactures self-service transaction systems (such as ATMs) for banks, independent ATM operators, and other financial institutions. Vortex also owns a Multivendor ATM Monitoring and Management Software, developed In-house. It can monitor and manage any brand of ATM.

Global market 
Vortex ATMs have a global reach of up to 22 countries in Asia & Africa combined. As of March 2023, DR Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Egypt, Ghana, Mauritania, Nigeria, R Wanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia from Africa and Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam from Asia are in its scope of business.

History
Incorporated on 12 March 2001, Vortex Engineering is a provider of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and multi-vendor ATM management software products. Founded by Mr Kannan Laxminarayan, an alumnus of the IIT-Madras. Later the company was incubated by IIT-Madras.

In March 2009, when Vortex Engineering secured a seed capital infusion of Rs. 50 lakhs from the Aavishkaar Group. This injection of funds catalyzed the company's expansion and enabled it to further refine its products and services.

Major investors that includes entities such as Aavishkaar, Tata Capital, Bamboo Capital, and IFC. Their first pilot deployment was for disbursal of NREGA wages through their ATMs in Tamil Nadu, in association with IIT Madras in 2008.

They made their first major break through with the winning of an order for 545 ATMs including 300 solar powered ATMs from the State Bank of India. Vortex ATMs are now currently used in almost all states of India. The total ATMs deployed across the globe had reached over 8000.

In June 2024, Vortex Engineering stakes had acquired by Vakrangee Limited.

References

Engineering companies of India
BuildMoNa. The Graduate School BuildMoNa ("Leipzig School of Natural Sciences – Building with Molecules and Nano-objects") at Universität Leipzig, Germany, focuses on interdisciplinary graduate education through top-level, synergistic research in the areas of physics, chemistry and biosciences. The Graduate School BuildMoNa was founded in November 2007 within the German Excellence Initiative. The Graduate School BuildMoNa is a class at the Research Academy Leipzig. Up to 100 doctoral candidates are enrolled in BuildMoNa.

Research Concept
The materials research concept is based on a "bottom-up" approach. Progressive building blocks, such as nano-objects, smart molecules, polymeric scaffolds, and active proteins, will be combined – preferentially by self-organization – to create fundamentally new classes of materials that are inspired by active, adaptive living matter, and that are environmentally friendly, highly efficient, low-cost devices serving multifunctional purposes for a steadily more diversified modern society. The paradigm shift from uniform bulk materials towards nanostructured multifunctional materials that emerge from combinations of smart molecules, proteins, and nano-objects is essential for future knowledge transfer from fundamental to applied sciences.

Doctoral Training
Doctoral students with an MSc (or equivalent degree) or an outstanding BSc from around the world have the possibility to receive within three years the degree Dr. rer. nat. from Universität Leipzig. The training consists of research work and a well-structured training program with modules focusing on interdisciplinary knowledge transfer in important fields of materials science including essential related methods. Further multidisciplinary training activities are transferable skills modules, industrial training, research stays abroad and participations in international conferences.

See also
 Graduate School BuildMoNa
 Research Academy Leipzig
 Universität Leipzig (University of Leipzig)
 Top-level research area "Multifunctional materials and processes from molecules and nanodevices"

Leipzig University
Liquid XML Studio. Liquid XML Studio IDE is a Windows based XML editor and XML data binding toolkit. It includes graphical editors for authoring XML, XML Schema, WSDL, XSLT and HTML. It also includes user interface extension to Microsoft Visual Studio through the Visual Studio Industry Partner (VSIP) program.

XML editing 
Liquid XML Studio provides features for editing and validating XML documents. The GUI is a multi-document tabbed design and each document can be viewed in a text, graphical or split view. Document validation includes both checking for well formedness against the W3C XML standard and also checking validity against associated W3C XML Schema.

XML data binding 
Liquid XML Studio provides XML data binding code generation through both a graphical Wizard and command line interface. The generated code can be C++, C#, Java, Silverlight, Visual Basic .NET, or Visual Basic 6.

XML data mapper 
Liquid XML Studio provides a graphical data mapping tool to allow data conversion between XML documents with different data shapes using a simple drag and drop interface.

XML differencing tool 
Liquid XML Studio provides an XML aware differencing tool to compare XML documents. The tool is based on the Zhang-Shasha algorithm.

HTML document generation tool 
Liquid XML Studio provides a tool to document an XML Schema as HTML via a graphical Wizard and command line interface. Examples of the output can be found at the XML Standards Schema Library web site.

XML schema library 
Liquid XML Studio automatically downloads and validates XML documents against industry standard XML Schema such as those promoted by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, Financial products Markup Language, and the Open Geospatial Consortium.

Licensing 
The Liquid XML Studio license is proprietary "node locked" or "concurrent user" models.
A Freeware Community Edition is available for Commercial and Non-Commercial use with a restricted feature set.

See also 
 XML editor
 XML data binding
 XML
 XML Schema (W3C)
 WSDL
 XSLT
 HTML
 Visual Studio Industry Partner

External links 
 
 XML Standards Schema Library
 Microsoft Visual Studio Tools Gallery
 XML Data Binding Resources, by Ronald Bourret

XML editors
Tanaka Chōbei. was a merchant and purveyor to Japan's military during the Meiji Period. He established Kamaishi Mine Tanaka Ironworks (Kamaishi Kōzan Tanaka Seitetsusho) in 1887, which was Japan's first modern private ironworks and remained the only one in the country until 1901, when the  state-run ironworks was built again.

A few years earlier, in 1874, Japan's Ministry of Industries (Kōbushō) had decided to build a modern furnace at Kamaishi . It appointed German engineers who went on to build a large-scale mill (with a railway system to carry the product and iron ore) utilizing two imported 25-ton furnaces. Local experts had advised a more modest method of learn-by-doing and gradual scale-up. The government, which never questioned the superiority of Western technology, overrode these objections and proceeded to construct the plant and operation started in 1890. However, within 196 days the plant had to be shut down and the government gave up- mainly due to the poor quality of coke made from Japanese coal.

Tanaka entered the steel business by taking over this loss-making government-run enterprise. He reverted to the earlier advise of building with smaller furnaces (5-6 ton), adapting the technology to local conditions, and then scaling up. Building on local knowledge, he adapted foreign technology through a process of trial and error – it took his people 22 months and 49 trial operations before they could finally produce iron. There was also help from Kageyoshi Noro.

By 1894, Tanaka was in a position not only to repair but also redesign British-made furnaces and succeeded in restarting them using coke as fuel.

Tanaka Chōbei owned mines all over Japan, as well as the Jinguashi mine in northern Taiwan. His ironworks in  Kamaishi produced the majority of Japan's domestic pig iron in 1894.

Honors
 Medal of Honor with Yellow Ribbon (23 May 1887)

References

People of Meiji-era Japan
Steel companies of Japan
US Bellows. US Bellows is a manufacturer of metal bellows, fabric expansion joints, and metallic expansion joints including refractory lined, hinged, gimbal, slip-type, in-line pressure balanced, and elbow pressure balanced expansion joints. It was acquired by Piping Technology and Products in 1997 from Ketema-U.S. Bellows, Inc. and is now located in Houston, Texas. U.S. Bellows, Inc. provides a variety of expansion joints for piping and duct systems and has been a member of the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, Inc. since 2002. In December 2011, U.S. Bellows acquired all bellows assets of the former Lortz Manufacturing companies, doubling its manufacturing capabilities. It is a privately held company owned by Durga D. Agrawal. It is a subsidiary of Piping Technology and Products. These companies provide pipe supports and expansion joints to international companies including Dow Chemical Company, Chevron Corporation, ExxonMobil, and Bechtel.

References

External links 
 U.S. Bellows Company Website

Privately held companies based in Texas
Robert White McFarland. Robert White McFarland (June 16, 1825 – October 23, 1910) was an American engineer who served as a university professor, president and Civil War officer.

McFarland was born in Champaign County, Ohio, to Robert and Eunice (Dorsey) McFarland. He received his A.B and M.A. degrees from Ohio Wesleyan University. In 1856 he received a teaching appointment at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he remained until the university closed in 1873.  On leave from Miami, McFarland became an officer in the 86th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

He was the first professor of mathematics and civil engineering at the newly opened Ohio State University, appointed in 1873.

When Miami University reopened in 1885, McFarland became its president and continued in that office until 1888.  He died in Oxford, Ohio, in 1910 and is buried in the Oxford Cemetery.

External links

1825 births
1910 deaths
Presidents of Miami University
Miami University faculty
Ohio State University faculty
Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
Burials at Oxford Cemetery, Oxford, Ohio