omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
GDDR7 SDRAM. Graphics Double Data Rate 7 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (GDDR7 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) specified by the JEDEC Semiconductor Memory Standard, with a high bandwidth, "double data rate" interface, designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM), and is the successor to GDDR6.

History
 At Samsung Tech Day 2022, Samsung announced GDDR7 as the successor of GDDR6X, which could deliver up to 36 GT/s. Samsung announced two months later that it would use PAM-3 signaling to achieve the highest transfer rate.
 On March 8, 2023, Cadence announced the verification solution tool for preliminary GDDR7 SDRAM production.
 On June 30, 2023, Micron announced that it will be manufactured using 1β node (equivalent to 12–10 nm process node), slated to release in H1 2024.
 On July 18, 2023, Samsung announced the first generation of GDDR7, which can reach up to 32 Gbps per pin (100% higher bandwidth per pin compared to 16 Gbps per pin on GDDR6), 40% higher bandwidth (1.5 TB/s) compared to GDDR6 (1.1 TB/s) and 20% more energy efficient. For packaging material, it will use epoxy molding compound (EMC) along with IC architecture optimization, which will reduce thermal resistance by 70%. Later, on a Q&A session, Samsung mentioned that it will be manufactured using D1z node (equivalent to 15–14 nm) and will operate on 1.2V. A 1.1V version with reduced clockspeeds will also be made available at some point in to the future after the release of the 1.2V version.
 On March 5, 2024, JEDEC published the GDDR7 Graphics Memory formal standard and specifications.

Technologies
GDDR7 SDRAM employs PAM-3 signaling (three-level pulse-amplitude modulation) rather than NRZ. PAM-3 is 20% more energy-efficient than NRZ while running at a higher bandwidth. Manufacturing equipment will be less costly than PAM-4. PAM-3 processes 1.58 bits per cycle, while NRZ processes only 1 bit per cycle.

GDDR7 adds on-die error correction code, error checking and scrubbing features for chip reliability, mainly useful for compute/AI use cases.

Initial data rates are at 32Gbps/pin, while memory manufacturers have noted that rates up to 36Gbps/pin are readily attainable. The standard has future bandwidth up to 48Gbps/pin, and chip capacities up to 64Gbit - compared to GDDR6X's 16Gbit.

See also
 List of interface bit rates

References

External links

SDRAM
Zhong Xunzheng. Zhong Xunzheng (; 9 July 1929 – 22 June 2023) was a Chinese architect, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Zhong was born in Wugang County (now Wugang), Hunan, on 9 July 1929. In 1948, he enrolled at National Central University, and graduated from Nanjing University (now Southeast University School of Architecture) in 1952.

After university, he taught at Hunan University and soon moved to the Water Conservancy College of Wuhan University the next year. In November 1954, he joined the faculty of Nanjing Institute of Technology (now Southeast University).

Zhong died in Nanjing, Jiangsu on 22 June 2023, at the age of 93.

Honours and awards
 November 1997 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1929 births
2023 deaths
People from Wugang, Hunan
Engineers from Hunan
Southeast University alumni
Academic staff of Hunan University
Academic staff of Wuhan University
Academic staff of Southeast University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
Chinese architects
Kholshchevnikov VRDK. The Kholshchevnikov VRDK (Vozdushno-Reaktivniy Dopolnitelniy Kompressor)  (Russian: "Jet-Propelled Auxiliary Compressor”) was a motorjet developed in the Soviet Union during World War II. The VRDK was designed to give fighter aircraft a 10 minute performance boost during combat.

Design and development
Design work on VRDK technology started in 1941 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute with the goal of developing a motorjet where a piston engine would be combined with an axial flow compressor. From 1943 work was handed over to the Central Institute of Aviation Motors where design studies separated into two branches.  One branch of research headed by A I Tolstov focused on diesel engines the other headed by Professor K.V Kholshchevnikov focused on spark ignition engines.

In May 1944 the GKO (state committee for defence) ordered the major aircraft design bureaus to start developing aircraft that used a piston engine as their primary powerplant augmented with a small rocket or jet engine booster for short bursts of speed. The Mikoyan-Gurevich and Sukhoi design bureaus opted to use the VRDK developed by Kholshchevnikov's team which was informally known as the Kholshchevnikov accelerator.

Both the Sukhoi Su-5 and Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250 used a single  Klimov VK-107 engine to drive a propeller and the VRDK’s single stage axial flow compressor. The VRDK was driven from a step-up gearbox and could be engaged/disengaged by the pilot via a clutch mechanism which connected it to the piston engine via a shaft. Air supplied by a duct running from the front of the aircraft was mixed with engine exhaust then compressed and fed to an afterburner before exiting via a nozzle at the back of the aircraft. Part of the compressor exhaust was also used to supercharge the engine. To protect the pilot and airframe, the VRDK was cooled during operation by water from a  tank mounted in the fuselage.  

When tested in the I-250, the thrust from the VRDK was  and combined output from the piston engine + VRDK was calculated to be the equivalent of .   

The VRDK was designed to operate for 10 minutes continuously and provide a speed increase of .  Both the Su-5 and the I-250 had top speeds faster than contemporary piston engined fighters but slower than early jet fighters such as the Gloster Meteor and Messerschmitt Me 262. 

Only small numbers of Soviet motorjet aircraft were built and none saw service during World War II. After the war interest in motorjets quickly declined as the Soviets acquired German and British turbojet engines. Research, development and flight testing of Soviet motorjet aircraft had finished by 1950.

Applications
 Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250
 Sukhoi Su-5

Specifications

See also 
 Ishikawajima Tsu-11
 Caproni Campini N.1

References 

Motorjet engines
Soviet and Russian aircraft engines
ERGA. The scientific production association ERGA (NPO ERGA) is Russia's largest manufacturer of magnetic systems and industrial equipment based on them. Production and the central office are located in Kaluga. The key activity is the development and production of equipment for mineral processing, air-gravity separation, integrated solutions for the processing of various wastes and the separation of materials according to electrical properties.

History 
The enterprise was established in 1991 on the basis of the Research Institute of Electronic Materials and specialized in the production of rare-earth magnets and special-purpose magnetic systems.

In the 1990s, ERGA mastered the production of magnetic systems, magnetoplastics from rare earth alloys, magnetic separators with manual and automatic cleaning, neodymium magnets for the automotive industry, rod magnetic separators for the food industry, rotors and generators for electric bicycles.

In 2003, the company created its own laboratory of mineral and technological raw materials to conduct research on the material composition of samples and tests, followed by the selection of equipment and technology for processing and enrichment.

In the 2000s, technologies for the production of manual magnetic load grippers based on permanent magnets were developed, the production of industrial metal detectors, magnetic couplings and traverses, magnetic sealing devices for the Ministry of Emergency Situations was launched, the first prototype of WELMA generators based on permanent magnets was produced, and the only line in Russia was launched for the production of permanent rare earth magnets.

In 2017, the expansion of production for the production of industrial magnets and magnetic cleaning complexes began.

In 2019, the enterprise began production of electrostatic separators and air separators. Since 2020, it has been producing integrated solutions for waste processing and mineral processing. The enterprise has representative offices in Novosibirsk and Karaganda (Kazakhstan).

Despite the production of defense significance, since 2014 the company has managed to avoid being included in the sanctions lists of the European Union and the United States.

The main types of manufactured products are magnetic separators, iron separators and other specialized equipment; electrostatic and triboelectrostatic separators;  air separators (air);  lines for separating materials using magnetic, electrical, air-gravity separation methods;  industrial metal detectors;  automated systems for remote monitoring of equipment.

Under the trademark WELMA, the company manufactures high-speed synchronous electric machines based on permanent magnets used in the aerospace industry, power engineering, turbocompressors and cryogenic technology.

The manufactured equipment is operated at mining, food, oil and gas, construction, chemical and recycling industries.

References

External links 
  

Industry in Russia
1991 establishments in Russia
Lorraine Olson. Lorraine G. (Lori) Olson is an American mechanical engineer whose research involves the application of the finite element method in the engineering design process and in medical diagnosis, including detecting breast cancer. She is a professor of mechanical engineering at the Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology.

Education and career
Olson studied mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning a bachelor's degree in 1980, a master's degree in 1983, and a Ph.D. in 1985. Her dissertation, Finite Element Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interactions, was supervised by Klaus-Jürgen Bathe.

She became an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and applied mathematics at the University of Michigan from 1985 to 1990, when she moved to the Illinois Institute of Technology as an associate professor of mathematics. She returned to mechanical engineering as an associate professor at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1991, and was promoted to full professor there in 1999. She has had her present position at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology since 2002, and served as department head there from 2014 to 2019.

Recognition
Olson was elected as an ASME Fellow in 1998.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty
Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Santa Cruz do Sul S.C.S.1. The S.C.S.1 was a 1920s Brazilian single-seat sailplane of high-wing construction, manufacturer at Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul.

Development
In mid-1919, Rudolf Lohre and Gustav Wenneeck, two Germans living in Rio Grande do Sul, acquired a German magazine with plans of several German gliders of the time, and used it as a basis for the creation of a glider. With technical help from Luiz Sthal and Oscar Adolphs, and financial help from the brothers Hoezel and Helmuth Dreher. The aircraft was ready in January 1920.

It had a pinho and taquara structure. The tests were made in Henrique Filter's farm, only a single flight was registered, on January 26 of the same year, when the aircraft flew 20 meters at a height of 5 meters. 

This was the first flight of a glider in South America.

See also

References

Glider aircraft
1920s Brazilian sailplanes
Homebuilt aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1920
Caesium permanganate. Caesium permanganate is the permanganate salt of caesium, with the chemical formula .

Preparation 

Caesium permanganate can be formed by the reaction of potassium permanganate and caesium nitrate:

Properties

Physical 

Caesium permanganate is soluble in water with a solubility of 0.97 g/L at 1 °C, 2.3 g/L at 19 °C, and 12.5 g/L at 59 °C. Its crystal structure is orthorhombic, the same as rubidium permanganate, ammonium permanganate and potassium permanganate.

Chemical 

Similar to potassium permanganate, the two-step decomposition of caesium permanganate leads to the formation of caesium manganate intermediates. It breaks down into manganese dioxide, caesium oxide and oxygen. The decomposition temperature is between 200 and 300 °C. Drift-away oxygen caused an 8% mass loss in the product.

Total reaction:

References 

Caesium compounds
Permanganates
Molybdenum diarsenide. Molybdenum diarsenide is an arsenide of molybdenum, with the chemical formula MoAs2. Other arsenides of molybdenum are Mo2As3 and Mo5As4.

Preparation 
Molybdenum diarsenide can be prepared by the reaction of molybdenum and arsenic at 570 °C.

Properties 

Molybdenum diarsenide is a black solid, and is a superconductor at 0.41 K. It crystallises in the monoclinic crystal system, with space group (No. 12). It has the same structure as molybdenum diphosphide. It is insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid or hydrogen peroxide, but easily soluble in nitric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid and aqua regia.

References 

Molybdenum(VI) compounds
Arsenides
Bismuth oxyiodide. Bismuth oxyiodide is an inorganic compound, an oxyiodide of bismuth, with the chemical formula BiOI.

Preparation 

Bismuth oxyiodide can be obtained by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydroiodic acid:

It can also be obtained by reacting bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide in ethylene glycol at 160 °C in a reactor. The aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate acidified with nitric acid is adjusted by sodium hydroxide and then added dropwise with potassium iodide to obtain the reaction product, and other proportions of oxyiodides will also be produced according to different adjustments.

Properties 

Bismuth oxyiodide forms a brick red crystalline powder or copper-colored crystals. It is insoluble in water and ethanol, is only slightly attacked by water even when heated, and melts with decomposition when red hot. It has a tetragonal crystal structure (isotypical with bismuth oxychloride) with space group P4/nmm (No. 129).

References 

Oxyiodides
Bismuth compounds
Zeekr Technology Europe. Zeekr Technology Europe AB, formerly China Euro Vehicle Technology AB (CEVT), is the European automotive research and development centre of Zeekr.

The company is located at the Geely Innovation Centre, in a 100,000 square meter building called Uni3 in Lindholmen district of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Business
Developing technologies and cars for the Geely owned brands Volvo Cars, Geely, Lynk & Co, Polestar, Lotus, LEVC (London-taxi), Zeekr and Proton. In 2024, the company had more than a thousand full-time employees and annual revenue of around 4 billion Swedish krona.

Zeekr Technology Europe also does development work for other companies. It developed a platform for Waymo's autonomous taxis.

History
When Geely acquired Volvo, it used platform technology from its previous owner Ford. Volvo hired Mats Fägerhag, previous development manager at the now-defunct Swedish automaker Saab, to find a development partner to Volvo for their smaller cars.

Geely planned to buy a research and development centre in Europe, but instead, CEVT was founded in 2013 with Mats Fägerhag as CEO, in the same Swedish city as Volvo's headquarters and with many engineers with background from Saab.

The first main objective for CEVT was to develop the CMA platform for the smaller Volvo cars, which also was to be used in the Lynk & Co cars. Difference is that for Volvo, CEVT only developed the platform, for Lynk the assignment was to design the entire car including car body and interior and this partnership resulted in the models Lynk & Co 01, 02 and 03.

In 2016 the first Lynk & Co developed by CEVT was presented and the following year Volvo XC40 (using the CMA platform).

CEVT have also developed the modular SEA-platform for electric vehicles, mainly used in the Geely group of car companies and used in cars such as Zeekr 001, Polestar 4, Volvo EX30, Smart #1 and Smart #3.

Besides cars and platform development, CEVT develops common solutions for autonomous driving, automotive electrification, mobility solutions, software development and component development for the Geely group, such as the fully modular automatic 7-speed Dual-Clutch transmission presented in 2019.

September 4, 2023, Giovanni Lanfranchi became the new CEO of CEVT and the company had during the year before this shift in leadership started to describe itself as the "European R&D centre for Zeekr", but also that their design was to be found in the "Geely family, such as Zeekr, Geely Auto, Volvo Cars, Lynk & Co and Lotus".
In March 2024, CEVT was renamed Zeekr Technology Europe AB, reflecting its role in Zeekr's development and global expansion.

References

External links
Official website

Geely divisions and subsidiaries
Research and development in China
Companies based in Gothenburg
Swedish companies established in 2013
Gloria Platero. Gloria Platero Coello is a Spanish physicist whose research involves the computational simulation of quantum dots and other quantum behavior on nanostructures. She works for the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) as a research professor at the Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM).

Education and career
Platero has a PhD from the Autonomous University of Madrid in 1984, supervised by . She was a postdoctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute for High Magnetic Fields (now the Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses) in Grenoble, France, and as an honorary professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid, before taking a permanent position at the CSIC in 1987.

Recognition
Platero was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 2022, after a nomination from the APS Division of Quantum Information, "for key theoretical physics contributions to the development of novel quantum circuit functionalities and protocols required to implement quantum information applications in real systems".

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Spanish physicists
Spanish women physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Autonomous University of Madrid alumni
PsiQuantum. PsiQuantum, Corp. (formerly PsiQ) is an American quantum computing company based in Palo Alto, California. It is developing a general-purpose silicon photonic quantum computer.

History 
PsiQuantum was co-founded in 2016 by Jeremy O'Brien, Terry Rudolph, Peter Shadbolt, and Mark Thompson. They are or were professors and researchers at the University of Bristol and Imperial College London, England.

As of July 2021, PsiQuantum was reported to have raised $665 million from investors at a valuation of $3.15 billion. Its investors include BlackRock, Baillie Gifford, and Microsoft's venture fund M12.

In 2022, PsiQuantum and GlobalFoundries received U.S. federal funding for quantum computer research and development. PsiQuantum also entered into a collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory.

In 2023, DARPA selected PsiQuantum as one of the companies to receive funding under its Underexplored Systems for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing (US2QC) program. The UK Government also provided funding for PsiQuantum to open a test facility for cryogenic testing in the UK.

In 2024, the Australian Commonwealth and Queensland governments announced a million investment into the company via share equity (US$250 million) and loans. to build the world's first utility-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer in Brisbane, Queensland. PsiQuantum stated that it had an aggressive plan to have the system operational by the end of 2027. In July 2024, PsiQuantum announced it had signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with five Queensland universities (The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland University of Technology, University of Southern Queensland and the University of the Sunshine Coast) to develop educational programs in quantum fields and collaborate on research projects.

Later in July 2024, PsiQuantum announced it would be partnering with the State of Illinois, Cook County, and the City of Chicago to anchor Governor JB Pritzker's new Illinois Quantum and Microelectronics Park.

References 

2016 establishments in California
Computer companies established in 2016
Computer hardware companies
Quantum information science
Quantum computing
Computer companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in California
Bob Barrows. Robert "Bob" Barrows is an American aircraft designer and engine builder of light aircraft. Best known as the designer of several Bearhawk planes, he is also a mechanical engineer, and A&P licensed aviation mechanic.

Career 

Barrows is the designer of the Bearhawk Patrol, Companion, 4-Place, and Model 5 light aircraft, as well as the Bearhawk LSA light-sport aircraft. 

Prior to designing the first aircraft in the Bearhawk series, the 4-Place, Barrows designed and built a STOL high wing plane called the Grasshopper and an aerobatic biplane. After designing his four-seat Bearhawk in the early 1990s, Barrows started using airfoils designed by Harry Riblett in his Bearhawk designs.

In April 2019, Barrows was injured in his Bearhawk LSA when he clipped power lines on approach to land. The LSA's steel tube design resisted crumpling beyond the firewall.

References 

People from Fincastle, Virginia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American aircraft designers
American mechanical engineers
Aircraft mechanics
Lushfoil Photography Sim. Lushfoil Photography Sim is an upcoming adventure game developed by Matt Newell and published by Annapurna Interactive for Windows. The photography simulator, created with Unreal Engine, showcases various digitized real-life environments across the world through a hiker's perspective. Some notable environments include: Castle Rock Beach from Western Australia, "Le Prarion" from the French Alps, and Yamadera, Yamagata from Japan. As players traverse these environments, they are given the ability to take photos with a configurable virtual camera, search for collectables, and unlock specific activities. The simulator features several ambient tracks unique to each environment to help create an atmosphere of immersion.

It is expected to launch for PC and consoles.

Gameplay 
Lushfoil Photography Sim is a walking simulator where players explore pre-built dynamic environments and take photographs. The player has to take into account various factors consistent with real life while doing so, such as exposure, contrast, white balance, and focus. After photographs are taken, players are able to use in game tools to enhance them.

History 
Some environments showcased in the Lushfoil Photography Sim have been built on previous standalone iterations of themselves that have since been delisted from Steam and itch.io, their two and only means of official distribution. These include the environments featuring 3 locations in Australia, Iceland, and Japan.

On June 29, 2023, Annapurna Interactive revealed the trailer for Lushfoil Photography Sim after it had agreed to the publish the game following months of development.

References

Adventure games
Annapurna Interactive games
Video games developed in Australia
Upcoming video games
Windows games