omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Computational transportation science. Computational Transportation  Science (CTS) is an emerging discipline that combines computer science and engineering with the modeling, planning, and economic aspects of transport. The discipline studies how to improve the safety, mobility, and sustainability of the transport system by taking advantage of information technologies and ubiquitous computing. A list of subjects encompassed by CTS can be found at include.

Computational Transportation Science is an emerging discipline going beyond vehicular technology, addressing pedestrian systems on hand-held devices but also issues such as transport data mining (or movement analysis), as well as data management aspects. CTS allows for an increasing flexibility of the system as local and autonomous negotiations between transport peers, partners and supporting infrastructure are allowed. Thus, CTS provides means to study localized computing, self-organization, cooperation and simulation of transport systems.

Several academic conferences on CTS have been held up to date:
 The Fourth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
 The Third ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
 Dagstuhl Seminar 10121 on Computational Transportation Science
 The Second International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
 The First International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science

There is also an IGERT PHD program on Computational Transportation Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

References

External links
 Computational Transportation Science

Transportation engineering
Computational science
Computational fields of study
Instituto Superior de Tecnologia em Ciências da Computação do Rio de Janeiro. The Instituto Superior de Tecnologia em Ciências da Computação do Rio de Janeiro (Superior Institute of Technology in Computer Science of  Rio de Janeiro - IST-Rio)  is a technological university maintained by the FAETEC. IST-Rio is one of the newest and innovative universities of technology of Brazil, using new teaching methodology determined "Escola Mandala" associated with the use of material from the latest technologies.  As a result, the IST-Rio won the eighth best rating (IGC) of Brazil in ENADE in 2008, when we evaluated courses in computing, being still second in the state of Rio de Janeiro, only behind the IME.

External links 
 IST-Rio Official website

See also

Brazil University Rankings
Universities and Higher Education in Brazil

Universities and colleges in Rio de Janeiro (city)
Educational institutions established in 2002
2002 establishments in Brazil
State universities and colleges in Brazil
Bismoclite. Bismoclite is a bismuth oxohalide mineral with formula BiOCl. It is the naturally occurring form of bismuth oxychloride. The name was derived from its chemical constituents. It is a secondary bismuth mineral first thought to be composed of bismuthyl ions (BiO+) and chloride anions, however, the existence of the diatomic bismuthyl ion is doubtful.

It is a member of the matlockite group.

It was first described in 1935 from alluvium near bismuth-bearing pegmatites in South Africa.  It has been found in association with granite pegmatite and in greisen. Associated minerals include bismutite, mica, jarosite, alunite, cerussite, atacamite, connellite. Occurrences include the type locality at Jackals Water, SW of Prieska, South Africa; Bygoo, Australia; the Tintic district in the East Tintic Mountains of Utah; and from Dalbeattie, Scotland.

Crystal structure 
The crystal structure of bismoclite was found to be composed of linked decahedrons, specifically a square antiprism. These decahedrons consist of 2 squares with sides of 3.487 Å (O-O-O-O and Cl-Cl-Cl-Cl) connected by 8 isosceles triangles (O-Cl-O and Cl-O-Cl), with a bismuth atom at the centre. The Bi-O distances and Bi-Cl distances are 2.316 Å and 3.059 Å, respectively. The O-Cl distances in the triangles are 3.249 Å. The decahedrons are linked to each other through shared O-Cl sides.

Practical significance 
Bismoclite is a rare secondary mineral, a product of the oxidation of basic bismuth ores in the presence of active chlorine ions. In addition, bismoclite does not represent the final oxidation product. For example, during the oxidation of native bismuth under hypergenesis conditions, the intermediate product is bismuth chloride, and the final product is a sparingly soluble carbonate. For this reason, bismoclite is found in deposits of bismuthinite and native bismuth in much smaller volumes than the similar minerals bismite and bismuthinite, in which it is often present as an impurity. With the same success as these latter, it can be used to obtain bismuth and its compounds. However, the main significance of bismoclite is purely scientific, allowing more accurate monitoring and determination of geochemical processes in zones of oxidation and weathering of the main bismuth ores.

 In medical diagnostics, bismoclite (in the form of purified bismuth oxychloride) is used as a local radiocontrast agent.
 In addition, in the production of cosmetics, bismoclite is used as an enhancing agent; it gives a pearlescent shine to lipstick, nail polish and eye shadow.
 In the chemical industry, in the process of cracking hydrocarbons, bismuth oxochloride is used as a catalyst.

References

Bismuth minerals
Oxide minerals
Halide minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 129
Voigt–Thomson law. Voigt–Thomson law describes anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in a thin film strip as a relationship between the electric resistivity and the direction of electric current:

where:
  is the angle of direction of current in relation to the direction of magnetic field
  is the initial resistivity
  is the change of resistivity (proportional to MR ratio)

The equation can also be expressed as:

where:
  is the parallel component of resistivity
  is the perpendicular component

References 

Spintronics
Bismuth oxychloride. Bismuth oxychloride is an inorganic compound of bismuth with the formula BiOCl. It is a lustrous white solid used since antiquity, notably in ancient Egypt. Light wave interference from its plate-like structure gives a pearly iridescent light reflectivity similar to nacre. Previously, until the last decade of the twentieth century, bismuth oxochloride was known as bismuthyl chloride. It is also known as pigment pearl white.

Structure
The structure of bismuth oxychloride can be thought of as consisting of layers of ,  and  ions (in the image Bi = grey, O = red, Cl = green). These ions are ordered as Cl–Bi–O–Bi–Cl–Cl–Bi–O–Bi–Cl, i.e., with alternating anions (, ) and cations (). The layered structure gives rise to the pearlescent properties of this material.

Focusing on the coordination environment of the individual ions, the bismuth centers adopt a distorted square antiprismatic coordination geometry. The Bi atom is coordinated to four Cl atoms, forming one of the square faces, each at a distance of 3.06 Å from Bi, and four O atoms forming the other square face, each at a distance of 2.32 Å from Bi. The O atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by four Bi atoms.

Synthesis and reactions
BiOCl is formed during the reaction of bismuth chloride with water, i.e. the hydrolysis:

When heated above 600 °C, BiOCl converts to , called the "Arppe compound" which has a complex layer structure.

Use and occurrence
It has been used in cosmetics since the days of ancient Egypt. It is part of the "pearly pigment found in eye shadow, hair sprays, powders, nail polishes, and other cosmetic products". Owing to the plate-like structure of the BiOCl, its suspensions exhibit optical properties like nacre.
In cosmetic its name is C.I. 77163.

BiOCl exists in nature as the rare mineral bismoclite, which is part of the matlockite mineral group.

An analogous compound, bismuth oxynitrate, is used as a white pigment.

References

Bismuth compounds
Oxychlorides
Robotron K 1820. The K 1820, full name RVS K 1820 (, "computer system with virtual memory"), cipher in the SM EVM of the former COMECON countries SM 1720, is a workstation developed in East Germany. VEB Robotron Elektronik Dresden began development of the K 1820 in 1986 and it went into serial production in 1990.

Minicomputer
The K 1820 is a clone of the MicroVAX II made by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). The import of western 32-bit computers to the COMECON area was impeded by the CoCom technology embargo. As the MicroVAX II CPU is one of the first semiconductor devices which was protected by the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, independent development of modern CAD technology based on a 32-bit computer architecture began. Copies of the MicroVAX II were also created in Hungary (MicroSTAR 32 or TPA-11/510)  and the Soviet Union (SМ 1702).

The K 1820 extends the VAX-compatible computer line in the SM EVM and the models of the K 1820 achieve approximately 90% of the performance of the K 1840 (Robotron "RVS K 1840", compatible with the VAX 11/780). The K 1820 is fully compatible with K 1840 software, so preexisting system and application software can be used. 

The K 1820 is based on the VLSI U80700-microprocessor system, its 32-bit CPU U80701 was developed according to the MicroVAX 78032. The mainboard design and construction are original. A VT220-compatible terminal, the K 8941, was developed for the machine.

Approximately 10 K 1820 prototypes were built up to 1990. In the middle of 1990 development was stopped, because economic production was not possible under free-market conditions after the monetary, economic and social union between East and West Germany on 1 July 1990. Subsequent to this Robotron's traditional markets in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe collapsed.

At least one prototype of the K 1820 is owned by the Technische Sammlungen Museum.

References 
Dieter Walter: History of the VEB Robotron Elektronik Dresden; PDF in German language
Claus Preussler, Klaus-Dieter Weise: Compilation of Robotron computer products; PDF in German language
User's manual K 1821/K 1822; VEB Robotron Elektronik Dresden, November, 1989; PDF in German language
Technical manual ZVE KAC20; VEB Robotron Elektronik Dresden, December, 1989; PDF in German language

Notes

External links 
 History of the combine Robotron in German language
 Technical Collections Dresden
 www.robotrontechnik.de
 Versions of K 1822 computer cases
 Block diagram ZVE KAC20

Computer workstations
Microcomputers
Minicomputers
Goods manufactured in East Germany
Science and technology in East Germany
Computers designed in Germany
Computer-related introductions in 1990
Flexible Display Interface. FDI or Flexible Display Interface is an interconnect created by Intel in order to allow the communication of the HD Graphics integrated GPU found on supported CPUs with the PCH southbridge where display connectors are attached. It provides a path between an Intel processor and an Intel southbridge on a computer motherboard which carries display data from the graphics controller (North Display) of the Intel processor package to the display connectors attached at some PCH (South Display) versions. It is based on DisplayPort standard. Currently it supports 2 independent 4-bit fixed frequency links/channels/pipes at 2.7 Gbit/s data rate. It was first used with the 2010 Core i3, i5 processors and H55, H57, Q57, 3450 southbridges released in 2010. FDI enabled processors require FDI enabled southbridge in order to utilize the graphics controller capability, thus boards based on P55, PM55, and P67 will not be able to take advantage of the graphics controller present on later processors. An FDI capable southbridge and CPU pair is not usable without the existence of the appropriate video connectors on the mainboard.

For a list of Intel chipsets which support FDI, see List of Intel chipsets, 5/6/7/8 Series chipsets.

For a list of Intel CPUs which support FDI, see Westmere (microarchitecture), Sandy Bridge (microarchitecture), Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture), Haswell (microarchitecture). Most of them are also listed on Comparison of Intel graphics processing units, see sections on generations 5, 6, 7, 8.

References

External links 
  pages 13–14
 Intel ARK - online database of Intel products
 Jesse Barnes blog about Intel display controllers

Intel graphics
Intel products
397th Engineer Battalion (United States). The 397th Engineer Battalion is a multi-role engineer battalion of the United States Army based in Marina, California. Activated 18 May 1959 at Eau Claire, the battalion traces its lineage back to World War II. It is a United States Army Reserve formation and is subordinate to the 301st Maneuver Enhancement Brigade at Joint Base Lewis McCord WA.

Lineage 
Constituted 5 May 1942 in the Army of the United States as the 2d Battalion, 353d Engineer Regiment

Activated 15 August 1942 at Camp White, Oregon, as the 2d Battalion, 353d Engineer General Service Regiment

Reorganized and redesignated 1 April 1944 as the 1393d Engineer Construction Battalion

Inactivated 28 February 1946 in Japan

Redesignated 6 February 1947 as the 397th Engineer Construction Battalion, and allotted to the Organized Reserves

Activated 19 February 1947 at Milwaukee, Wisconsin

(Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps; redesignated 9 July 1952 as the Army Reserve)

Inactivated 17 November 1950 at Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Redesignated 27 April 1959 as the 397th Engineer Battalion

Activated 18 May 1959 at Eau Claire, Wisconsin

Elements ordered into active military service in support of the War on Terror:
 652nd Engineer Company (Multi-Role Bridge), Ellsworth, WI – Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003–04,
 C Company, Wausau, WI – 2006–07, 428th Engineer Company (Mobility Augmentation), Wausau, WI – 2010–11,
 113th Engineer Facility Detachment, Milwaukee, WI – 2011–12,
 871st Engineer Facility Detachment, Fort McCoy, WI – 2012–13
 372nd Engineer Company (Vertical Construction), Pewaukee, WI – 2013–14

Honors

Campaign streamers

Unit Decorations

References

External links
Lineage and Honors: 397th Engineer Battalion

Engineer battalions of the United States Army
Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton. The Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND) is a research center which focuses on tissue regeneration and is partnered with the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Ethicon Endo-Surgery. The center is located in Dayton, Ohio. The center has around 20 employees and funding for research comes 70 percent federal, 20 percent industry, 10 percent foundations or nonprofit organizations.

References

External links
 Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton

University of Dayton
Healthcare in Dayton, Ohio
Theodor Stang. Theodor Stang (14 March 1836 – 20 August 1919) was a Norwegian engineer.

Stang was born in Vang i Valdres. He studied in Belgium. From 1862 he worked in the Netherlands. Stang is especially famous for designing the country's longest railway bridge, the Moerdijk Bridge. He later became waterworks director in The Hague for forty years.

Family 
Theodor Stang was as a son of vicar Thomas Stang (1804–1874). He was a nephew of Frederik Stang, a first cousin of Emil Stang and a first cousin once removed of Fredrik Stang and Emil Stang, Jr.

References

1836 births
1919 deaths
Norwegian engineers
Bridge engineers
Norwegian expatriates in Belgium
Norwegian expatriates in the Netherlands
Qatalum. Qatalum is an aluminium smelter plant located in Mesaieed Industrial Area that is a joint venture between QatarEnergy and Norsk Hydro.

History 
ABB Group was awarded with a $140 million contract by Qatalum in 2007 to construct the electrical parts of the plant. Inaugurated in April 2010, it was the largest aluminium plant ever launched in one step, costing about $5.7 billion to build. In 2012, ABB was contracted to upgrade the plants power network for $16 million. Its annual capacity in September 2011 was 585,000 metric tons of primary aluminium, all to be shipped as value added aluminium casthouse products. A 1350 MW natural gas power plant has also been built to ensure a stable supply of electricity. In 2013, Qatalum and Hydro Aluminium opened a new zero energy and emissions building lab at the Mesaieed Industrial City site, for the development of aluminium cladding for carbon neutral buildings.

See also
Norway–Qatar relations

References

External links
Qatalum Official Website 
QatarEnergy Official Website
Hydro Official Website

Aluminium companies of Qatar
2010 establishments in Qatar
Botswana Power Corporation. Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) is a state-owned company for electrical power generation, transmission and distribution in Botswana. It was established in 1970 and is currently the only electricity supplier in the country.  BPC represents Botswana in the Southern African Power Pool. Morupule Power Station (coal-fired) in Palapye supplies 80% of domestically generated electricity, however the country is dependent on importing energy from its neighbours. Its capacity is estimated to be around 132 MW. The region's main power supplier, South Africa, is experiencing its own problems with under-capacity blackouts. A plan to boost Morupule station with four new 150 MW units is underway and gathering financial support from several sources.

History 
Botswana Power Corporation was formed in 1970 after the Botswana Parliament passed the Botswana Power Corporation Act. BPC produced an estimated 1,052 GWh in 2007, while demand was estimated to 2,648 GWh.

Capacity 
Total electricity produced locally by BPC;

See also 

Botswana Power Corporation Workers' Union
Water Utilities Corporation
Botswana Communications Regulatory Authority

References

External links 

Government of Botswana
Electric power companies of Botswana
1970 establishments in Botswana
Botswana companies
Government agencies of Botswana
Engineer (horse). Engineer (foaled c. 1756) was a brown English Thoroughbred stallion bred by William Fenton of Glass House, near Leeds, Yorkshire. His outstanding son was Mambrino, although he sired some good race horses, such as King's Plate winner Fireworker, and Black Tom, a number of his daughters gained distinction as broodmares.

Sire line tree

Engineer
Mambrino
Messenger
Tippoo Saib
Financier
Potomac
Hambletonian
Saratoga
Dove
Mambrino
Abdallah
Mambrino Paymaster
Carlo Khan
Guildford
Black Tom

Pedigree

* Engineer is inbred 4S x 3D to the stallion Curwen's Bay Barb, meaning that he appears fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree and third generation on the dam side of his pedigree.

References

External links
Profile at Bloodlines.net

Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
1750s racehorse births
Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217. Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217 was a scheduled passenger flight between Baku and Aktau, Kazakhstan that crashed into the Caspian Sea at ca. 22:40 on 23 December 2005. The flight was operated by an Antonov An-140.

Accident
Around five minutes after a night-time departure from Baku Airport, the crew reported a systems failure. Heading over the Caspian Sea at night without flight instruments made it difficult for the crew to judge their flight parameters. Whilst attempting to return to Baku, the aircraft crashed shortly afterwards on the shore of the Caspian Sea, killing all passengers and crew.

Aftermath
Investigations from the Kharkiv State Aircraft Manufacturing Company have discovered that three independent gyroscopes were not providing stabilised heading and altitude performance information to the crew early in the flight.

References

External links

Aviation-Safety.net

2005 in Azerbaijan
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2005
Accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-140
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
Aviation accidents and incidents in Azerbaijan
December 2005 events in Asia
2005 disasters in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Airlines accidents and incidents
Progress in Electromagnetics Research. Progress in Electromagnetics Research is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of electromagnetic theory and applications. It was established in 1989 as Electromagnetic Waves. The editors-in-chief are Weng Cho Chew (Purdue University) and Sailing He (Royal Institute of Technology). Jin Au Kong was the founding editor-in-chief.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents, Inspec, Scopus, and Compendex. It is also a member of CrossRef. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2019 impact factor of 1.898. However, it was not listed in 2012 because of "anomalous citation patterns resulting in a significant distortion of the Journal Impact Factor, so that the rank does not reflect the journal's citation performance in the literature".

References

External links 
 

Engineering journals
Electromagnetism journals
Academic journals established in 1989
English-language journals
Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Hans-Jörg Bullinger. Hans-Jörg Bullinger ( FREng, born April 13, 1944, in Stuttgart) is a German scientist and former president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.

The mechanical engineer with a doctoral degree was the Director of the Fraunhofer IAO (since its foundation), besides he is also Professor of Industrial Science and Technology Management at the University of Stuttgart. From 2002 to 2012 he was the President of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. He is also a member of the Scientific Board of AutoUni Wolfsburg.

In 1991, Bullinger was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Novi Sad.

From 1963 till 1966 he attended the Technische Oberschule in Stuttgart and passed the Abitur with a second-chance education.

Awards/Titles 
Bullinger is a member of acatech, the German academy of science and engineering.
 1998: Order of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesverdienstkreuz), medal and ribbon, awarded for outstanding services to German science, industry and society,
 2003: First Class Order of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesverdienstkreuz erster Klasse), awarded for extraordinary services to German science and research
 2006: Order of merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for promoting the transfer of knowledge between science and industry
 2009: Verdienstorden des Landes Baden-Württemberg (Merit of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg)
 2012: Leonardo European Corporate Learning Award in the "Thought Leadership" category.
 2013: International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering

References

External links 
Academic/Professional Career/Awards/Titles of Hans-Jörg Bullinger
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft FOKUS - Research Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS)

1944 births
Academic staff of the University of Stuttgart
Living people
Scientists from Stuttgart
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
Fraunhofer Society