omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wahaj. Wahaj is an arms manufacturing company in Saudi Arabia. Wahaj has premises in Riyadh's Second Industrial City. Wahaj is also known as Saudi Advanced Technologies Company.

History
Wahaj was established in 2013 as a joint venture between Saudi International Petrochemical Company (SIPCHEM) and a member of the South Korean Hanwha Group. The shares are split in a 3:1 ratio.

In 2017 Wahaj built 18 jigs for the BAE Systems Hawk jet. The jigs were the first collaboration of Wahaj and the Saudi subsidiary of BAE Systems.

On 1 March 2018 Wahaj partnered with Lockheed Martin to build Paveway II Plus laser-guided bombs. The bombs would be used on Saudi Arabia’s F-15s, F-16s and Panavia Tornados. When the plant is operational 70% of the bombs were to be locally-built.

In 2019 Wahaj and the Rafaut Group signed a contract to build aviation manufacturing facilities in Saudi Arabia. 

In 2021 Wahaj partnered with Honeywell Aviation to manufacture aerospace parts for civilian aircraft.

In October 2023 Wahaj chose to partner with the IFS AB subsidiary so as to secure its IT needs.

In February 2024 Milrem Robotics demonstrated their THeMIS UGV which was equipped with a Wahaj SCORPION remote-control dual gun system.

In February 2024 Nexter signed an agreement with Wahaj that they would together develop a guided shell for use with the 156 CAESAR artillery delivery systems that were on order by the Saudi government, which had established more stringent precision standards than normal. The state-of-the-art ordnance systems used GPS and IMU; the newly-specified "Sabir" system would add a (drone-mounted) laser pointer feature and have a range of 60km. In addition, the Saudis prize the ITAR-free status of their new shells.

As of February 2024, Wahaj was able to brag about 100% Saudi-made defense systems.

References

Companies of Saudi Arabia
RoboCoaster. RoboCoaster Ltd is an amusement ride design firm based in Warwickshire, England. Through partnerships with KUKA and Dynamic Attractions, RoboCoaster has installed its namesake products at locations around the world.

History
In December 2000, RoboCoaster Ltd was founded with the goal of integrating robotic technology into the entertainment and leisure industry. In the company's first year of operation, Gino Daniel De-Gol invented the concept of a robotic-arm-based amusement ride. In December 2001, a partnership with German robotic arm manufacturer KUKA saw the patenting and manufacturing of the initial Robocoaster G1 design. In 2004, RoboCoaster partnered with AMEC Dynamic Structures (now Dynamic Attractions) to develop the RoboCoaster G2 system, which utilises track-mounted KUKA arms.

RoboCoaster's partnership with KUKA has also seen robotic arms integrated into films, including Die Another Day, The Da Vinci Code, and Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life.

In 2015, The British Growth Fund invested £4.5M in a company called Simworx, a media based attraction manufacturer, allowing them to acquire RoboCoaster and boost their working capital as well as buying out their previous private equity investor.

Ride systems

 RoboCoaster G1 – the original RoboCoaster design, where pairs of riders are attached to a stationary KUKA arm. From 2014, four-seater vehicles from the G2 series will be offered in stationary form for smaller family entertainment centers.
 RoboCoaster G2 – the second generation of robotic product, where four-seater KUKA robotic arms run along a two-dimensional track throughout a show building. The track is designed by Dynamic Attractions.
 RoboCoaster G3 – a conceptual third generation of the technology, where trains of four-seater KUKA robotic arms run along a traditional three-dimensional roller coaster track.
 AGVs – automated guided vehicles for trackless dark rides developed with Dynamic Attractions.
 Motion Theatre – a flight simulator where rows of riders are elevated in front of a large dome screen. The attraction is developed with Dynamic Attractions, who has previously developed the ride system for the Soarin' rides at Disney parks.
 HSA – high-speed amphibious vehicles developed with Gibbs Sport Amphibians Inc. of the United Kingdom.

Installations

As of 2012, over 200 individual RoboCoasters have been installed, including some travelling models.

References

External links

 

Amusement ride manufacturers
Design companies established in 2000
Manufacturing companies established in 2000
Companies based in Warwickshire
AN/PEQ-1 SOFLAM. The AN/PEQ-1 also known as a Special Operations Forces Laser Acquisition Marker (SOFLAM or SOF-LAM) or the Ground Laser Target Designator (GLTD) is a U.S. military laser designator designed for use by special operations forces (SOF), including Combat Control Teams (CCT), Joint Terminal Attack Controllers (JTAC), and Tactical Air Control Parties (TACP), under rugged field conditions. Using the SOFLAM, soldiers can mark targets for close air support and artillery; in combination with GPS systems it can also generate coordinates for precision guided munitions. With the SOFLAM and other target designators, support fires can be called in extremely close to friendly forces while avoiding friendly fire.

History

The AN/PEQ-1 was first used in combat in the War in Afghanistan, then later in the Iraq War. Close air support called in via SOFLAM by SOF like the "Horse Soldiers" from 5th Special Forces ODAs, embedded CIA officers, and other forces, contributed heavily to US and allied victories during the invasion of Afghanistan. It was used during the capture of Mazar-i-Sharif, the capture of Bagram Airfield, and the Fall of Kandahar, among many other engagements.

Some complaints were made about its weight and power consumption which necessitated bringing multiple replacement batteries. In its earlier configurations, the AN/PEQ-1 did not have a laser rangefinder nor could it interface directly with GPS devices. Both the laser rangefinder and GPS interface capabilities were added with later versions. The AN/PEQ-1A offers rangefinding. The PEQ-1C incorporates an upgraded diode laser, replacing the power-hungry flash-lamp laser.

References

See also

List of military electronics of the United States

External links

 Night Warrior Handbook Archived
 Specifications sheet (Archive)
 AN/PEQ-1 at GlobalSecurity.org Archived

Special Operations Forces of the United States
Military electronics of the United States
Laser aiming modules
PX4 autopilot. The PX4 autopilot is an open-source system for autonomous aircraft. The project was started in 2009.

Overview
PX4 supports the following features:

Multiple vehicle types, including fixed-wing aircraft, multicopters, helicopters, rovers, boats and underwater vehicles
Fully manual, partially assisted and fully autonomous flight modes
Integration with position, speed, altitude and rotation sensors
Automatic triggering of cameras or external actuators
PX4 is capable of integrating with other autopilot software, such as the QGroundControl ground control station software, via the MAVLink protocol.

PX4 is open-source and available under a BSD-3-Clause license.

See also
 Paparazzi Project
 ArduPilot
 Slugs
 OpenPilot
 Crowdsourcing
 Micro air vehicle

References

External links
 PX4 homepage
 Dronecode homepage

Avionics
Aircraft instruments
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Open-source hardware
Software using the BSD license
Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in C++
FSI International. FSI International, Inc. (FSI) is an American manufacturing company based in Chaska, Minnesota, that supplies processing equipment used to manufacture microelectronics, including semiconductor devices.

History 
The company's history began with the establishment of Fluoroware, Inc. in 1966, a company that made fixtures to hold the silicon wafers in place during the various processes involved in producing semiconductor devices. When asked to design a drying apparatus, the principals of Fluoroware agreed to do so and established FSI International in 1973 to market this new product. 

The company's offerings expanded to meet the market need for equipment used in the fabrication of microelectronics. In the 1990s, the company relocated from its original facility overlooking Hazeltine Lake to a larger site nearby. 

In 1999, FSI International announced an agreement to acquire YieldUP International Corp. In October 2012, Tokyo Electron acquired FSI International, Inc. and renamed the division TEL FSI.

Products 
FSI International supplied wafer cleaning equipment, using wet, cryogenic or other chemistry techniques. The company also sold microlithography systems using photoresist processes. The company provides upgrade, replacement and other support services. 
The five main series of equipment produced by the company are: ZETA, MERCURY, ORION, ANTARES, and POLARIS, and in earlier years, the company also produced the SATURN and NEPTUNE processing systems. Some of the products of the company are spray cleaning systems, single wafer cleaning systems, cryogenic processing systems, and immersion cleaning systems.

References

External links 
Official FSI International website

Semiconductor companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Minnesota
Chaska, Minnesota
Electronics companies established in 1973
1973 establishments in Minnesota
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Cassier's Magazine. Cassier's Magazine: An Engineering Monthly was an engineering magazine, published by the Cassier Magazine Company from 1891 to 1913.

History
The magazine was established by Louis Cassier (1862–1906) in 1891. He was the editor until his death in the 1906 Salisbury rail crash. Henry Harrison Suplee (1856 – after 1943) then took over as the publisher. The headquarters was in New York City. Its London edition was launched in the autumn of 1894.
The magazine ceased publication in 1913.

References

External links
Cassier's Magazine at the Smithsonian Libraries

1891 establishments in New York (state)
1913 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Engineering magazines
Magazines disestablished in 1913
Magazines established in 1891
Magazines published in New York City
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Paul Martyn Lincoln. Paul Martyn Lincoln (January 1, 1870 - December 20, 1944) was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1914 to 1915. He invented the synchroscope.

Biography
Lincoln was born on January 1, 1870, in Norwood, Michigan. He entered Case Western Reserve University in 1888 but transferred to the Ohio State University before his sophomore year to major in electrical engineering. While a sophomore, he participated in the formation of the first Ohio State football team, and played, at guard, in the first Ohio State game on May 3, 1890. In the fall of that year, Lincoln was elected captain of the team for its first full season.

From 1896 to 1902 he worked at one of the Niagara Falls hydroelectric generating plants as an operating superintendent and later as the resident electrician. He was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1914 to 1915. 

In 1920, as president of the Ohio State University Alumni Association, he led the alumni fundraising efforts for the building of Ohio Stadium.

He was the director of Department of Electrical Engineering at Cornell University from 1922 to 1938. He died on December 20, 1944.

References

1870 births
1944 deaths
American electrical engineers
People from Charlevoix County, Michigan
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
Cornell University College of Engineering faculty
Stemme ASP S15. The Stemme ASP S15 is a German two-seat powered sailplane designed and built by Stemme for use as an Airborne Systems Platform.

Design and development
The ASP S15 is a two-seat single-engined, all composite construction, powered sailplane with the engine mounted in the center fuselage. The cockpit has room for two in side-by-side configuration. It has a shoulder wing, a conventional T-tail and a retractable nose wheel landing gear. It can also be fitted with a 2-axis autopilot and external underwing payload pods.

The ASP S15-1 was granted a restricted type certificate by the European Aviation Safety Agency in October 2013.

Variant
ASP S15-1
Airborne Systems Platform which can be fitted with a 2-axis autopilot and external underwing payload pods.

Specifications

References

External links

ASP
Motor gliders
2000s German civil utility aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Mid-engined aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2009
T-tail aircraft
Direction des Services de la navigation aérienne. The direction des Services de la navigation aérienne (DSNA) is the agency in charge of air traffic control, communication and information for France. It is a part of the Ministry of Sustainable Development and was created by decree in February 2005. The DSNA works in close coordination with its military counterpart, DIRCAM and since 2011 military controllers and civil controllers are being integrated into the same control centers using the same systems. DSNA is integrated into the Central European Functional Airspace Block (FABEC). Maurice Georges is the Director of Air Navigation Services (DSNA) since July 2009. DSNA Headquarters is in Paris.

Operating costs and fees 
The DSNAs operating costs are covered by:
Route charges ( "redevances de route ", collected by Eurocontrol for its 37 participating member states,
Air traffic terminal charges ("redevance pour services terminaux de la circulation aérienne" — RSTCA)
Oceanic charges (" redevance océanique" — ROC)
Civil aviation tax ("Taxe Aviation Civile" — TAC)

The DSNA is a non-profit agency..

Operations 
The DSNA operates en route control centers in the following five locations:
 Brest
 Paris (HQ)
 Reims
 Aix-en-Provence
 Bordeaux

It also operates nine regional approach and control centers (SNAs):
 Nantes (SNA Ouest)
 Lille (SNA Nord)
 Paris (SNA Région Parisienne)
 Strasburg (SNA Nord Est)
 Lyon (SNA Centre Est)
 Nice (SNA Sud Est)
 Marseille (SNA Sud Sud Est)
 Toulouse (SNA Sud) et 
 Bordeaux (SNA Sud Ouest)

The DSNA is the air traffic control operator with the largest number of flights controlled in Europe with nearly 3.3 million flights controlled in 2019 operating in an airspace of approximately 1.0 million square kilometers. With 11,311 flights controlled on July 12, 2019, the DSNA recorded the daily traffic record in Europe. In 2019, the traffic controlled in France consisted of 51% overflights, 36% of international flights (arriving from another country to France or departing from France to another country) and 13% of interior flights.

Overseas
The DSNA has three regional centers for French overseas territories;
"Antilles-French Guiana" (SNA AG)
"Indian Ocean" (SNA OI)
"Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon" (SNA SPM)

Notes

External links 
  (in French)

Air navigation service providers
Air traffic control in France
Film can. A film can is the light-tight container used to enclose film stock. They are typically a circular box pressed from thin sheet metal, but plastic examples are also used. Film cans are used to hold unexposed film, exposed film ready for developing and also for the distribution of completed film prints. The last of these does not require the can to be light-tight, but environmental protection and exclusion of dust makes a similar container just as useful.

Cans of undeveloped film must only be opened in darkness, within a darkroom.

Cassettes 

A film cassette is similar to a film can in that it is a light-tight enclosure containing a spool of film. However a cassette also has a light trap, usually a set of lips covered with velvet, that allow film through without allowing light into the can. This allows a cassette to be loaded into a camera in daylight, then the camera back closed and light-sealed before use.

Cassettes are themselves stored in cans, to keep dust off the light trap. Dust caught in the velvet can scratch an entire roll of film. For 35mm film, these cans were once made from pressed aluminium with a screw top, now moulded plastic with a push fit lid.

Bulk film 
Most film is wound onto spools within the film can. Unexposed film supplied in bulk is commonly supplied unspooled, as a bare roll within the can. Before use, lengths of it are wound onto spools in a darkroom, then enclosed in cans or cassettes.

See also 
 Film cassette

Cinematography
CT Institute of Technology. The CT Institute of Technology, is accredited by All India Council for Technical Education and affiliated to Punjab Technical University, is located at Shahpur (near Lambra) about  from Jalandhar Bus Stand and  from Jalandhar Railway Station.

The institute was established in 2008. It offers seats in disciplines; computer science engineering (CSE), electrical and electronics engineering (EEE), electronics and communication engineering (ECE) and information technology (IT) with the intake of 60 seats in each discipline. A new discipline, civil engineering, was added in 2009. The intake of students  increased from 60 to 120 for ECE and CE in the year 2010.

Departments
 Mechanical engineering
 Electrical and electronics engineering
 Civil engineering
 Computer science engineering
 Electronics and communication engineering 
 Information technology
 Automobile Engineering

References

External links
Ctgroup.in
Ctgroup.in

Jalandhar district
Imperial College of Business Studies. Imperial University is a higher education institute in Lahore, Pakistan that offers programs in disciplines including Engineering, Management Sciences, Computing, Information Technology, Applied Technology, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Commerce, Medicine, Architecture and Fashion Designing.

History
The university was established in 1991 by the Pakistan Benevolence & Social Management Trust. The initial development of IU was supported by academic collaboration with the University of Hull, UK. In 2002, ICBS was chartered by the Govt. of Punjab as independent degree awarding institution (Imperial University Ordinance, 2013).

Academics

School of Business, Economics and Management Sciences
School of Computing and Information Sciences
School of Engineering and Technology
School of Architecture, Art and Design
Faculty of Health & Allied Sciences
Department of English Language and Literature

See also
List of universities in Pakistan

References

External links

Private universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Educational institutions established in 1991
Universities and colleges in Lahore
Business schools in Pakistan
1991 establishments in Pakistan
Taiyuan Heavy. Taiyuan Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. is a Chinese manufacturer of industrial machinery including products ranging from construction equipment to train wheels.  It is one of the biggest makers of heavy machinery in China and competes with CITIC Heavy Industries and China First Heavy Industries.

It is known for producing construction equipment with powerful specifications.  The company along with partners Sinochem and Synfuels Technology developed a 6,400 ton capacity super heavy lifting gantry with hydraulic hoisting, which was built to erect refinery vessels in the petrochemical industry.  The company also produces an 1800-ton excavator which it calls the world's largest such kind of machinery.

References

Construction equipment manufacturers of China
Companies based in Taiyuan
Manufacturing companies established in 1950
Crane manufacturers
Chinese brands
Vertical tillage. Emerging in North America in the 1970s and 1980s, vertical tillage (VT) is a system of principles and guidelines similar to conservation agriculture (CA) in that it aims to improve soil health, increase water infiltration and decrease soil erosion and compaction (improve bulk density). With varying degrees of soil movement, it aims to not invert the soil and keep residue on the surface where it protects the soil. It usually includes small forward-facing discs that limit soil inversion and slices the residue for faster decomposition and to get a seeder or planter into the heavy residue-laden fields. Many times it also includes a deep ripping tool for breaking up hard pans and compaction created from traditional tillage implements and heavy equipment like large tractors and combine harvesters.

Benefits include:
 less compaction - decreased and improved bulk density
 more efficient- faster field speeds (as compared to other tillage tools),
 cheaper (than conventional till),
 better management of heavy residue,
 warms the soil for earlier planting,
 leaves residue on the surface,
 reduce water runoff,
 reduces erosion,
 reducing chemical weed control measures,
 seeding into wet soils

Its proponents compare it and even include it into no-till and conservation agriculture categories. They claim that VT has helped particularly in the build-up of high levels of residues on the surface under zero-till and CA systems and the concomitant low soil temperatures and compaction problems have hindered crop establishment and growth in the temperate regions of North America. Its detractors may concede the above advantages but claim the vigorous soil movement excludes it from no-till and CA categories. This is important particularly in the United States, where it may exclude farmers in collection of direct farm payments from the US government that aims to promote no-till to conserve soil and keep it in place.

Besides this controversy, there is considerable variation in the definition of what constitutes VT, even among its proponents.

References

External links

 

Sustainable agriculture