omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering and Research. 

Introduction 
Under the auspices of Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust (PCET), the  Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering & Research (PCCOE&R), Ravet, was founded in 2014. Presently, the Institute offers undergraduate programs in five disciplines: Civil engineering, Computer Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Information Technology and Mechanical Engineering.

Courses Offered

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Civil Engineering
Computer Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Information Technology

Department

First Year
Computer 
Mechanical
Electronics and Telecommunication
Information Technology
Civil
Library

See also
 Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust
 PCCoE
 List of educational institutions in Pune

References 

Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Universities and colleges in Pune
Education in Pimpri-Chinchwad
Educational institutions established in 2014
2014 establishments in Maharashtra
Ali Guliyev. Ali Musa oglu Guliyev (31 May 1912, Yelizavetpol – 29 January 1989, Baku) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani scientist.

Early life
In 1943, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on “Obtaining Hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) from Natural Gas”. In 1945, the Synthesis of Additives Laboratory was organized in Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Institute of Oil-Processing. Guliyev headed this laboratory. As a result of experiments by him and his team, lubricating additives, Az.SRI depressor and Az.SRI -4 were applied in industry for the first time in the Soviet Union. In 1948 and 1951, Guliyev and his team of were awarded two Stalin Prizes (later renamed to The USSR State Prize) for these developments.

Career
Guliye trained many other scientists. From 1951 to 1960 he was the Chair of Organic Chemistry in Baku State University. From 1960 to 1974, he chaired the department. In 1958, Guliyev was elected a correspondent member of Azerbaijan, and in 1959, academician of AS of Azerbaijan.

Recognition
Guliyev was elected as a member of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR in VIII and IX convocations. He received two Stalin Prizes and an Azerbaijan SSR State Prize. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour, three Orders of the Badge of Honour and medals, six honorary diplomas of the Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan SSR, two golden and four silver medals of VDNKh of USSR. The Institute of Chemistry of Additives of AS of Azerbaijan was named after him.

References

1912 births
1989 deaths
Scientists from Ganja, Azerbaijan
Academic staff of Baku State University
Baku State University alumni
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Azerbaijani chemists
Soviet organic chemists
Laz Unaogu. Dr Laz Unaogu (27 February 1956 – 6 July 2004) was a Nigerian Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Special Duties. He also held numerous political positions within the Nigerian government.  He is known as the Physicist in Government.

Early life and education
Born in Eziama, Imo State, Unaogu was a physics graduate of University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and was the best graduating student in the Department of Physics 1981. In 1984, he attained an MSc. in Energy and Materials Science from the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria. He joined the Solar Energy Ph.D. programme at the Institute for Energy Research, Calcutta India where he completed his thesis in Physics (specialising in crystal growth and characterisation).

After his education, he was appointed the head of the Department of Industrial Physics at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. He was married to Dr. Ijeoma Christiana Iboko in 1984 and had five children.

Political career 
Dr. Unaogu's interest in politics began while he was at the university. During his undergraduate study at the University of Nigeria, he was a member of the student parliament where he was rated the best parliamentarian.  He was also elected the President of the Postgraduate Students Association.

He continued his interest in politics and was elected to the Federal House of Representatives, representing Mbaitolu, Ikeduru constituency in the Ibrahim Babangida administration, 1992 under the National Republican Convention (NRC). In 1993, the civilian administration of Ernest Shonekan fell to General Sani Abacha who returned the country to the military government. General Sani Abacha was in search of a Secretary of Science and Technology and by a recommendation, General Abacha appointed Dr Laz Unaogu as the Minister of Science and Technology in November 1993.

In the cabinet reshuffle exercise of 1995, Dr Unaogu was moved to the Presidency as the Hon. Minister of Special Duties and held this position till 1998.

Science and Technology 
As the Minister of Science and Technology, Dr Unaogu was instrumental reorganising the ministry and heading the move from Lagos to Abuja following the Ernest Shonekan Interim Administration.

Societal Recognition 
Dr Laz Unaogu has a street named after him in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and Owerri, Imo State.

References

1956 births
2004 deaths
Nigerian politicians
University of Nigeria alumni
Academic staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University
William Aubrey (engineer). William Aubrey (1759–1827) was a Welsh engineer who designed and built steam-powered machines, including his work as superintendent at the Tredegar iron works and 40-year employment by Samuel Homfray. At the Aberdare Ironworks and Penydarren Ironworks, he was a consulting engineer.

He worked on development of the Cyfarthfa works, the Europe's largest water system of its kind, with Watkin George. He died 22 July 1827.

References 

1759 births
1827 deaths
19th-century Welsh engineers
18th-century Welsh engineers
PROTO (fusion reactor). PROTO is a proposed nuclear fusion reactor to be implemented after 2050, a successor to the ITER and DEMO projects. It is part of the European Commission long-term strategy for research of fusion energy. PROTO would act as a prototype power station, taking in any technology refinements from earlier projects, and demonstrating electricity generation on a commercial basis. It may or may not be a second part of DEMO/PROTO experiment.

References

Tokamaks
Proposed fusion reactors
ITER
SKYNET (surveillance program). SKYNET is a program by the U.S. National Security Agency that performs machine learning analysis on communications data to extract information about possible terror suspects. The tool is used to identify targets, such as al-Qaeda couriers, who move between GSM cellular networks. Specifically, mobile usage patterns such as swapping SIM cards within phones that have the same ESN, MEID or IMEI number are deemed indicative of covert activities. Like many other security programs, the SKYNET program uses graphs that consist of a set of nodes and edges to visually represent social networks. The tool also uses classification techniques like random forest analysis. Because the data set includes a very large proportion of true negatives and a small training set, there is a risk of overfitting. Bruce Schneier argues that a false positive rate of 0.008% would be low for commercial applications where "if Google makes a mistake, people see an ad for a car they don't want to buy" but "if the government makes a mistake, they kill innocents."

Participation and partnerships
NSA directorates participating:
 Signals Intelligence: S21, S22, SSG
 Research: R6
 Technology: T12, T14

It has partnerships with TMAC/FASTSCOPE, MIT Lincoln labs and Harvard.

Controversy
The SKYNET project was linked with drone systems, thus creating the potential for false-positives to lead to deaths.

According to NSA, the SKYNET project is able to accurately reconstruct crucial information about the suspects including their social relationships, habits, and patterns of movements through graph-based visualization of GSM data. However, scholars criticize that current security literature conflate statistical discrepancies with behavioral abnormalities and that the anomaly detection methodology SKYNET perpetuates the self/other binary. For example, Al-Jazeera's bureau chief in Islamabad, Ahmad Zaidan, was wrongly identified as the most probable member of al-Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood on their records.

See also 
 Global surveillance

References

National Security Agency operations
Intelligence agency programmes revealed by Edward Snowden
Drone warfare
Extrajudicial killings
Targeted killing
IRsweep. IRsweep is a Swiss company offering optical spectroscopy solutions and multipass absorption cells.

The spectroscopy is based on semiconductor quantum cascade laser frequency combs
in the mid-infrared wavelength range. The company is based in Zurich, Switzerland and was founded in 2014 and acquired by Sensirion Holding in May 2021.

The technology is used for high speed absorption measurements of different molecules and is robust against cross-sensitivities. Such sensor systems are in high demand for process analytics as well as research applications, as the mid-infrared range hosts the strongest absorption features of many molecules.

History
IRsweep was founded in 2014 as a spin-off from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). The company commercialized its first product after having developed its prototypes for academic research projects. The first derived product is the IRcell, a cylindrical multipass cell combining a long optical path in a small detection volume.

See also
 Infrared spectroscopy

References

Companies based in Zurich
Spectroscopy
Technology companies of Switzerland
Super Robot - Suffer Reboot. Super Robot - Suffer Reboot is the name given to a series of three sculptures by Filipino artist Toym Leon Imao. The sculptures, made from 2014 to 2016, are each inspired by a specific Japanese mecha animated television series which were popular in the Philippines in the 1970s.

Sculptures
Super Robot - Suffer Reboot is the collective name for three separate sculptures. The names of each sculpture are alliterations. All of them were first exhibited at the steps of the Palma Hall at the University of the Philippines Diliman.

Symbolism
The sculptures were made to symbolize the sufferings and injustices experienced by Filipinos, with an emphasis towards the time of martial law during Ferdinand Marcos' presidency, when many Japanese mecha animated series became popular among Filipino children. By 1979, Marcos banned every mecha series considered to have violent content inappropriate for children. Imao, who used to watch Voltes V and other mecha series, made the sculptures to symbolize his anger when those series' broadcasts were halted by Marcos: "At first it was only because he deprived me of a favorite TV character. And then a sort of political awakening happened. Suddenly, I was affected by what grownups were talking about: Martial law."

References

2014 sculptures
2015 sculptures
2016 sculptures
Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
Pop art
Works based on animated television series
Cultural depictions of Ferdinand Marcos
China Railways HXD1C. The HXD1C () is an electric locomotive developed by CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd. The design was revealed in 2009: a 7.2 MW power six axle, 150-tonne, Co'Co' locomotive.

This type of locomotive can draft a 5000-5500t freight train at a gradient of not more than 12‰ of middle-east lines in China. It has high cost performance and distinct comprehensive environmental protection, energy-saving and economic benefits, and meanwhile, it is another main locomotive of Chinese railway transportation in future.  An Ethiopian variant has been built for Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway.

Galleries

Manufacturers
HXD1Cs have been manufactured by several companies:
 Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company Limited
 Ziyang Locomotive Works
 CRRC Qishuyan Locomotive Co., Ltd.

See also
 China Railways HXD1
 China Railways HXD1B
 List of locomotives in China

References 

HXD1C
25 kV AC locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Railway locomotives introduced in 2009
Co′Co′ locomotives
Zhuzhou locomotives
CSR Ziyang Locomotive Co., Ltd. locomotives
Qishuyan locomotives
Ernest Holmes Sr.. Ernest W. Holmes Sr. (January 17, 1883– June 10, 1945) was born in Hobbs Island, Alabama. He became the inventor of the first tow truck when he fastened various parts to his 1913 Cadillac. He then founded Ernest Holmes Co, which still spiritually lives on through Miller Industries. He later would also serve a term as a member of the Electric Power Board of Chattanooga and the American Society of Automotive Engineers .

The birth of an idea 
Holmes got the idea after assisting a friend of his from business school, John Wiley, after Wiley's Model T flipped over into a ditch. Holmes then modified his 1913 Cadillac to pull cars and transport them to his garage by affixing an iron chain, a pulley, and several poles to the back of his Cadillac. Holmes quickly patented his invention, and thus the towing industry was born. He spent the next two years theorizing and forming a concrete idea, filing his patent on January 17, 1918.

The basis for Ernest Holmes Sr.'s patents was the unique concept of having a "split-boom" wrecker that could anchor the truck on one side, and retrieve from the other side without tilting the wrecker. This was especially useful when a wrecked vehicle had gone down a steep embankment.

Death 
Many would have said he was in stout health shortly before his death; sources say he went to a local course for a round of golf and then a bridge game the next day on Saturday. He was absolutely passionate about golf, never going a week without golfing unless he was traveling on business. At 4 o'clock on the morning of June 10, 1945, he woke his wife feeling unwell and dying shortly after that at the age of 62. Doctors declared that he had suffered from what they called a "heart aliment". His oldest child, Ernest Holmes Jr. was then swiftly elected to take over control of Holmes Co.  Holmes had said he would retire when he turned 65.

Other fields in which the wrecker was used 
A few wreckers were sold directly to the United States Government at the tail end of World War I, to be outfitted for military usage. They would be used in full force during the second World War were in which Holmes Co supplied the Allies with 6 to 7 thousand military tier wreckers. The regular wrecker was used in the American racing industry as it was the wrecker of choice for both NASCAR and IndyCar racing for multiple decades.

Impact of Holmes 

Holmes' invention has become the leading vehicle in rescuing  and transporting of vehicles that cannot be driven at the current time. The International Towing Museum was built in Chattanooga. It is a home to a collection and history of the tow truck and how it has evolved since its inception in the early 20th century. What was left of the Ernest Holmes Company, at that time owned by Dover, transformed into Miller Industries under the supervisor of his son Mildred Holmes. Miller Industries is headquartered in Ooltewah, TN

References

External links 
 http://internationaltowingmuseum.org/
 http://www.millerind.com/

1883 births
1945 deaths
Real Ispat and Power. REAL Group | Real Ispat and Power Limited (RIPL) is an integrated steel and power manufacturing firm based in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The company manufactures sponge iron, power, billet, TMT rebars, wire rod, H.B. wire, binding wire, galvanized iron (GI) wire, barbed wire and eco bricks. Main products of the company are Real Wire and GK TMT rebars.

RIPL, the flagship company of the Real Group, was incorporated on October 4, 1999, as Real Ispat Pvt Ltd, with the objective of manufacturing steel. It was reconstituted as a limited company with the current name on May 6, 2005. The company's final products, thermos-mechanically-treated (TMT) bars, wire rods, and steel wires are sold under the GK TMT Rebars and Real Wire brand names.

REAL Group's subsidiaries are as below. All four plants of the REAL Group are in Chhattisgarh, with its head-office in City Raipur.

Manufacturing units of the group
Real Ispat and Power Ltd

API Ispat and Powertech Private Limited

Shivalay Ispat and Power Private Limited

Real Ispat and Energy Private Limited

References

Steel companies of India
Electric-generation companies of India
Electric power companies of India
Companies based in Chhattisgarh
Energy companies established in 1999
Manufacturing companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Indian companies established in 1999
Rapid tooling. Rapid tooling (RT) in the plastic injection molding industry refers to molds that are manufactured in a very short period of time, also known as prototype tooling. Some of the main advantages to rapid tooling trades is that it decreases the time and cost of the product. With rapid tools being fast and easily reproducible, it requires less stock for finished tools. These tools will be produced on demand and are available almost immediately. Special tools or tools where no supplier is existing on the market any more can be reproduced without bigger design and production efforts. However, the disadvantages are that it is not as accurate and also shortens the lifespan of the product.

Rapid tooling is mainly used for specific needs including prototyping and troubleshooting existing problems. Rapid prototyping is not often used for large scale and long term operations for a part. Nevertheless, rapid tooling is starting to be used to create molds for commercial operations because the time lag is so short between start to finish and since a CAD file is the only thing needed for the design stage. Since alternate methods require precious time and resources, rapid tooling provides a way to quickly provide molds for the required products. This allows companies to quickly make commercial products with the advances of rapid prototyping.

In addition, rapid tooling provides the customization necessary for personal applications. Instead of tedious trial and error measurements, rapid prototyping processes allow scientists and doctors the ability to scan and digitize the item or patient. Then by putting it through a CAD program, a personal custom mold can be created to fix the problem. An example of this procedure is for dental patients. Originally to fabricate an oral application, an alginate impression or a wax registration is used to fit the teeth with the mold. With new advances, doctors can take a scan of the dental arches to correctly and quickly make a mold out of silicone for the patient. This allows for better accuracy and more acute customization of the mold in the future.

Unlike rapid tooling, production tooling (PT) refers to molds that are manufactured according to a normal process in a normal production time. some of the main advantages of production tooling are that it has a larger Life Cycle and is suitable for mass production.

References

Manufacturing
Prototypes
Computer-aided design
3D printing
Glenda Eoyang. Glenda Eoyang is a pioneer in the applications of complexity science to human and organizational systems, and developed the concept of human systems dynamics (HSD) based on her theoretical and practical research.

The model rests on  three conditions that influence the path, speed, and outcomes of self-organizing processes in complex adaptive systems. These conditions  are necessary and sufficient to create patterns that emerge and can be perceived in all kinds of complex adaptive systems. Depending on the interactions of those conditions, the emergence process and its outcomes can be fast or slow, direct or meandering, and ambiguous or clear. The same conditions can be intentionally changed to influence the current situation and emerging future patterns of the system. The three conditions are therefore described as the Eoyang CDE Model.

Eoyang CDE Model
 C:  Container. Any feature of the system that holds agents together until system-wide patterns form can function as a system container. Large or loose containers lead to slow and ambiguous self-organizing processes. Small, tight containers set conditions for faster and clearer emergence. Examples of containers include physical containers:  rooms, buildings, geographic areas, etc. Psychological or contextual containers include relationships, charismatic leaders, ideology, shared beliefs, etc. Organizational or structural containers include departments and offices—even agendas can be containers. 
 D:  Difference. Diversity or energy that is important to the system can help to shape patterns. Few or small differences contribute to slow and subtle pattern formation. Many or large differences may contribute to disruptions that are apparently random. Differences that are few in number, but significant in size, are most likely to generate patterns that are timely and clear. 
 E: Exchange. The connections that transfer energy, information, or resources across differences within a container are considered to be exchanges. Tight exchanges create fast and predictable changes, while loose exchanges set conditions for slow and unpredictable change. Examples include: speaking and listening, feedback and data, money exchanges, shared event or opportunities, etc.

In 2003, Eoyang founded The Human Systems Dynamics Institute (HSDI) to develop the theory and practice of human systems dynamic. As a not-for-profit organization (501c3) located in the US, the institute invests in research and education around the globe to help individuals and organizations cope with complexity and uncertainty.

References

External links

Complex systems scientists
American academics
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pimpri Chinchwad Polytechnic. PCMC Polytechnic, Pune was established in 1990 managed by the Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust, Pune.

Pimpri Chinchwad Polytechnic is a technical institute, approved by the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE). It is located near Akurdi Railway Station.

Departments

Automobile Department
Civil Department
Computer Department
E & TC Department
IT Department
Mechanical Department

Courses offered

Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering
Computer Engineering
Civil Engineering
Information Technology
Mechanical Engineering
Automobile Engineering

See also
 List of educational institutions in Pune

References

External links 
 

Universities and colleges in Pune
Education in Pimpri-Chinchwad
Educational institutions established in 1990
1990 establishments in Maharashtra
Caesium tungstate. Caesium tungstate or cesium tungstate is an inorganic chemical compound that is notable for forming a very dense liquid in solution. The solution is used in diamond processing, since diamond sinks in it, whereas most other rocks float.

Properties 
Caesium tungstate forms colorless crystals, which are strongly hygroscopic. A phase transition from orthorhombic to hexagonal crystal system occurs at 536 °C.

Preparation 
Caesium tungstate can be obtained by the reaction between caesium chloride (CsCl) and silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) or the reaction between tungstic acid and caesium hydroxide.

References 

Caesium compounds
Tungstates