omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
683 series. The  is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) on limited express services in Japan since 2001.

Variants

683-0 series 
The first subseries consists of 54 cars composed of 6 6-car trains (W31–W36) and 6 3-car trains (V31–V36) built in 2001–2002.

683-2000 series 
87 cars were built in 3-car and 5-car sets. This subseries was subsequently transferred to the 289 series with their AC equipment removed. The move was made after the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and the associated discontinuation of service by these sets on the Hokuhoku Line.

683-4000 series 
108 cars were built in 9-car sets for a total of 12 trainsets.

683-8000 series 
This is the designation given to a 6-car train (N03) and a 3-car train (N13) formerly owned by Hokuetsu Express for services on the Hakutaka limited express. At the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen in March 2015, the sets were transferred to JR West.

Operations

JR-West
 Thunderbird
 Shirasagi
 Biwako Express
 Ohayō Express
 Oyasumi Express
 Dinostar (from 14 March 2015)
 Noto Kagaribi (from 14 March 2015)
 Kuroshio (from 13 March 2015)

Hokuetsu Express
 Hakutaka (until 12 March 2015)

JR Central
 Home Liner Ōgaki rapid service (until 13 March 2015)
 Home Liner Sekigahara rapid service (until 13 March 2015)

Formations
The various formations are configured as follows.

3-car sets

Thunderbird sets

Shirasagi sets

The KuHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

5-car sets

Shirasagi sets

The SaHa 682 and KuRo 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

6-car sets

Thunderbird sets

The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.

9-car sets

Thunderbird sets

The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.

Interior

Refurbishment

All of the 683 series trainsets used on Thunderbird limited express services are scheduled to undergo a programme of refurbishment from autumn 2015 until the end of fiscal 2018. The first set treated, nine-car 683-4000 series set T51, was returned to revenue service in September 2015.

Conversion to 289 series

From 2015, 85 former Shirasagi 683 series vehicles were converted and reformed to become DC-only 289 series EMUs, formed as three-car, four-car, and six-car sets for use on Hashidate, Kinosaki, Kounotori, and Kurioshio limited express services in the Kyoto and Osaka area.

References

 
 
 

Electric multiple units of Japan
West Japan Railway Company
Hitachi multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2001
20 kV AC multiple units
Kawasaki multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
TopSky. The TopSky (formerly EUROCAT)  system is a computerised air traffic control and management solution developed by Thales Air Systems (formerly Thomson CSF). It utilises a distributed computing architecture and is capable of integrating geographically dispersed air traffic control units within a Flight Information Region (e.g. control towers at different airports and en route control centres) into a single coherent system.

During 2012, the Thales marketing name has been changed from Eurocat to TopSky.

Features

TopSky handles a large variety of different functions required for the smooth operation of air traffic control and management. A non-exhaustive list includes:

Surveillance data processing and track correlation (radar, ADS-B, ADS-C etc.)
Flight plan processing
Communication (CPDLC etc.)
Aeronautical information data processing (NOTAMs, QNH, wind aloft etc.)
Flow control and sequencing
Human-machine interfacing (e.g. correlating data to generate controller's display)
Data recording
Controller situational awareness and alerts generation
Squawk Emergency (EMG), Radio Failure (RAD), Hijack (HIJ)
Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA), Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW), Danger Area Infringement Warning (DAIW) etc.
Non-Transgression Zone (NTZ) alert, DUPE Alerts, FPCF Alerts.

Countries
The software is used in many countries, including:

 Algeria
 Australia
 Austria
 Belgium
 Brunei
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 Dominican Republic
 Egypt
 Finland
 France
 Greece
 Hungary
 Indonesia
 Ireland
 Jamaica
 Kenya
 Portugal
 Philippines
 Saudi Arabia
 Singapore
 South Africa
 Sweden
 United Kingdom
 Thailand
 Tanzania

References

Air traffic control in Europe
Air traffic control systems
Cusrow Wadia Institute of Technology. The Cusrow Wadia Institute of Technology is a polytechnical educational center in Pune, India.  It was founded in 1938 by the Modern Education Society of Pune. 

The Modern Education Society was founded in 1932 in Pune by Prin. V. K. Joag, an educationalist, and Sir Cusrow Wadia, an industrialist.  In 1938, the Society opened the institute with a department of applied electricity. Today, the Institute provides a wide variety of programs.

Sir Wadia had a strong belief in the value of electronics to Indian industry. He made many donations to the Institute after its founding. He would also frequently invite dignitaries to speak to students there. As a leader of the Society, Joag worked to enlarge and improve the Institute.

References

 

Engineering colleges in Pune
IFSP. IFSP (, ), or radial parallel interface, was a parallel interface similar to the Centronics connector (IEEE 1284) but incompatible, as it had different signal polarities and handshake protocol. It was used in printers and computers manufactured in Comecon.

All printer input signal lines were pulled up to +5V by a 220 Ohm resistor, and pulled down to ground by a 330 Ohm resistor. This allowed usage of longer cables compared to Centronics, but overloaded most usual Centronics adapters.

Some devices allowed switching between IFSP and Centronics modes, i.e. Robotron 6319—6329 were manufactured with interchangeable interface modules, allowing usage of IFSP, IFSS and Centronics.

Signal description

See also 
 robotron technik

Computer buses
Codeworks. Codeworks, LLC is a privately held U.S. software company specializing in warehouse management systems and transportation management system software for the third-party logistics industry.

History
In the early 1990s, a consortium of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) warehouse operations sought a warehouse management system capable of supporting multi-million-square-foot operations. Rick DeShone was selected to spearhead the development effort, and in 1995, the project was successfully implemented, resulting in the formation of Codeworks, LLC.

As of 2009, Codeworks' customers span the following industries in 35 major U.S. cities:
 Automotive
 Alcoholic beverages
 Apparel
 Building materials
 Consumer durables
 Consumer electronics
 Consumer goods
 Corrugated products
 Detergents
 Direct sales
 Document management
 Electronics
 Farm, lawn & garden equipment
 Food, food-related & beverage
 General merchandise
 Glass
 Grocery
 Hardware
 Health and beauty aids
 Health care
 Home appliances
 Lumber
 Manufacturers
 OEM
 Paper
 Plastics
 Retail
 Roll fabrics
 Sporting goods
 Tapes
 Wire

The company's Warehouse and Transportation Management System (WTMS) products are suitable for a variety of warehousing operations and facilities, including:
 Bonded
 Contract
 Dry storage refrigerated public
 Third-Party Logistics/3PL
 Freight Brokers & Forwarders
 Fulfilment Centres
 Transportation
 Vendor-Managed Inventory

Products
The warehouse management system was named Warehouse and Distribution Logistics System (WDLS) and made available to other warehouses. An integrated transportation management system, named Traffic, was developed in response to expanding customer needs.

The warehouse and transportation management products are sold as all-inclusive systems, with modular options included as core functionality, and licensing based on the server. Ensure that technical term abbreviations are explained when first used. The warehouse and transportation management products are sold as all-inclusive systems, with modular options included as core functionality, and licensing based on the server.

Services
 Business consulting (i.e., capacity reviews, resource management, disaster recovery planning, operating systems, network configuration, ROI calculation)
 Business-specific application development
 Installation and configuration (i.e., systems integration, electronic data interchange (EDI) mapping, and communications)
 Training
 Customer support

References

External links 
 U.S. Dept. of Transportation article "Electronic Freight Management," Jan./Feb. 2009
 Riggs Transport Interview, Dec. 22, 2008
 ODW Logistics customer website
 Varsity Logistics Partner website
 Manta company listing

Business software companies
Privately held companies based in Ohio
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. v. Hydrolevel Corp.. American Society of Mechanical Engineers v. Hydrolevel Corporation, 456 U.S. 556 (1982), is a United States Supreme Court case where a non-profit association, for the first time, was held liable for treble damages under the Sherman Antitrust Act due to antitrust violations.

In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court held an association liable when its agents appeared to be acting under the authority of the association. Such action is called apparent authority. The court determined that a non-profit association is liable when it fails to prevent antitrust violation through the misuse of the association's reputation by its agents (including lower level staff and unpaid volunteers).

Background 
In 1982 the U.S. Supreme Court held that American Society of Mechanical Engineers (a nonprofit association) was responsible for treble damages under the Sherman Act. In 1971 the engineering firm of McDonnell and Miller requested an interpretation of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes Committee. McDonnell and Miller planned to use the response to show that one of their competitors (Hydrolevel Corp) was selling a device not in compliance with the ASME BPV Code.

Unknown to ASME's leadership the volunteer chairman of the ASME committee wrote a response to McDonnell and Miller's inquiry that was later used by a McDonnell and Miller salesmen as proof of Hydrolevel's noncompliance. Subsequently, according to Hydrolevel, it never acquired sufficient market penetration for sustaining business, and eventually went bankrupt.

Hydrolevel sued McDonnell and Miller, the Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company and ASME arguing that two ASME subcommittee members acted not only in the self-interest of their companies, but also in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Opinion of the Court 
The Supreme Court concluded that the association was liable even though the ASME leadership 1) was unaware of the action the volunteer chairman took, 2) had not approved the action, 3) and did not benefit from the action. Damages and legal fees paid by ASME were more than $6 million. An appellate court affirmed that ASME was liable because its agents had acted within the scope of their apparent authority.

References 

United States antitrust case law
United States Supreme Court cases
1982 in United States case law
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
Hans G. Hornung. Hans G. Hornung is an emeritus C. L. "Kelly" Johnson Professor of Aeronautics and Director of the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology (GALCIT). He received his bachelor (1960) and master (1962) degrees from the University of Melbourne and his Ph.D. degree (1965) in Aeronautics from Imperial College, London. He worked in the Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Melbourne (1962–63, and 1965–1967), and in the Physics Department of the Australian National University (1967–1980), with a sabbatical year as a Humboldt Fellow in Darmstadt, Germany, 1974. In 1980 he accepted an offer to head the Institute for Experimental Fluid Mechanics of the DLR in Göttingen, Germany. He left Germany in 1987 to serve as the director of GALCIT. During his time at GALCIT he oversaw the construction of three large facilities: the T5 hypervelocity shock tunnel, the John Lucas Adaptive-Wall Wind Tunnel, and a supersonic Ludwieg tube.

He has made contributions in gas dynamics, notably Mach reflection and effects of dissociation, in separated flows, and in wind tunnel technology. He was elected as a foreign member to the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1991. In 1997, Hornung was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to hypersonics and aerodynamics.

Books

Hans G. Hornung, Dimensional Analysis: Examples of the Use of Symmetry, Dover Publications (2006)

Honors 

1988 ICAS von Karman Award, International Cooperation in Aeronautics
1991 Foreign Member Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Science
1991 Scientific Member of the Board of the DLR
1997 Foreign Associate National Academy of Engineering
1999 Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring, German Aerospace Society
2011 AIAA Fluid Dynamics Award
Fellow, AIAA, Royal Aeronautical Society, AAAS, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society
2012 Honorary doctorate, ETH Zurich
2015 AIAA Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Award

References

External links
 Caltech GALCIT page
 Partial List of Publications
 Caltech Hypersonics Group

Living people
21st-century American engineers
Fluid dynamicists
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Ludwig-Prandtl-Ring recipients
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering
Academic staff of Technische Universität Darmstadt
1934 births
Hansen Medical. Hansen Medical, Inc, headquartered in Mountain View, California, designs and manufactures medical robotics for positioning and control of catheter-based technologies that was founded in 2002 by Frederic Moll, M.D. to develop tools that manipulate catheters by combining robotic technology and computerized movement.

In 2005, Hansen bought EndoVia Medical Inc., a medical robotics company.

Later that year, Hansen Medical and Intuitive Surgical, another company founded by Moll, entered into a cross-licensing agreement that included Hansen's portfolio of 50 issued and pending patents and patent applications and Intuitive's 250 issued patents related to minimally invasive instruments and surgical robotics. The agreement gave Intuitive Surgical an equity stake in Hansen and royalties on the future sales of Hansen Medical products. The full financial terms of the agreement were not made public.

Hansen Medical went public in 2006, raising $75 million in its initial public offering with two catheter systems under FDA review. The shares represented about 30% of the company.

In July 2016 it was acquired by Auris Surgical Robotics, and it was said to be a $80 million merger.

References

Medical technology companies of the United States
SNCAC Chardonneret. The SNCAC Chardonneret (sometimes known as the Aérocentre Chardonneret) were a short series of 1940s French three- and four-seat cabin monoplanes with the same wings and general layout but with different engines.

Design and development

The name Chardonneret () was applied to the three completed examples of the first post-war designs from the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre (SNCAC) company at Bourges. The NC.832, NC.840 and NC.841 trio differed chiefly in their engines and the number of people they could hold. The Chardonnerets were all high-wing, braced cabin monoplanes. The NC.832 was powered by a  four cylinder inline inverted air-cooled Régnier 4E.O engine and carried three. It had a tail wheel undercarriage and first flew on 3 November 1946. The other two were both four-seaters. The NC.840 had a  Renault 4Pei engine of similar configuration to the Régnier and a tricycle wheel undercarriage. The NC.841 had a  Mathis 175H radial engine and a tail wheel undercarriage. Although the aircraft did not sell, the experience was used in the tail wheel landing gear NC.850.

Variants
Date from:Gaillard (1990), p. 49
NC.832
Régnier 4E.O powered, three seat, tail wheel undercarriage, one built. 
NC.840
Renault 4Pei powered, four seat, tricycle undercarriage, one built. 
NC.841
Mathis 175H powered, four seat, tail wheel undercarriage, one built.

Specifications (NC.840)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 
 
 

084
1940s French civil utility aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1946
Machine (patent). In United States patent law, a machine is one of the four principal categories of things that may be patented. The other three are a process (also termed a method), an article of manufacture (also termed a manufacture), and a composition of matter. In United States patent law, that same terminology has been in use since the first patent act in 1790 (with the exception that processes were formerly termed "arts").

In In re Nuitjen, 500 F.3d 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2007), the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said:

To this it might be added that the parts must interact (usually dynamically) with one another, for otherwise they might be parts of an article of manufacture. It has been considered grounds for rejecting or invalidating a machine claim as being directed to a "mere aggregation" if the parts were merely associated with one another without interacting functionally. An illustration of a mere aggregation would be the "combination" of a bathtub and a pencil sharpener. More recently, the "mere aggregation" ground of invalidity for a machine claim has been subsumed under obviousness.

Examples of machines are steam engines, sewing machines, and TV sets. Electronic circuits have usually been considered machines, although they may lack moving parts.

See also
 Machine-or-transformation test—test of patent-eligibility requiring transformation of article or implementation with "particular machine"
 Printed matter (patent law)

References

United States patent law
Roberto Narducci. Roberto Narducci (14 August 1887 – 10 February 1979) was an Italian architect and engineer of the Modernist and Novocento movements.

Life
Narducci was born in Rome, into a middle-class family.  After receiving his technical 'licenzia' in 1903–04, he obtained a diploma in architectural decoration from the Arts and Industry Museum of Rome in 1909.  In the same year he won a competition to become a designer for the Italian state railway company, Ferrovie dello Stato.

From 1920 to 1921 he enrolled in the three-year program at the Regia Scuola Superiori di Architettura, and from there he received his degree in Civil Architecture in 1923.  In 1930 passed the qualification examination to become a practicing professional engineer.

In his lifetime, working under the Ministry of Communications (now within the Ministry of Transport) he designed approximately 40 railway stations, both new buildings and post-war reconstructions and about ten Post Offices.   He frequently worked with his colleague Angiolo Mazzoni.  He died in Rome, aged 91.

Structures
Buildings
 Palazzo delle Poste e Telegrafi di Bari, 1931 plan
 Palazzo delle Poste e Telegrafi di Rovigo, 1927-1930
Railway stations
 Albenga railway station, 1930
 Battipaglia railway station, 1930
 Levanto railway station
 Loano railway station plan
 Santa Flavia railway station, 1932
 Redipuglia railway station, 1936
 Roma Ostiense railway station, 1940
 Ventimiglia railway station
 Verona Porta Nuova railway station
 Viareggio railway station

Bibliography
M. Giacomelli, Roberto Narducci (1887-1979) architetto-ingegnere del Ministero delle Comunicazioni. E. Godoli e A. I. Lima, a cura di. Architettura ferroviaria in Italia Novecento. Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2004, 
A. Morgera, Roberto Narducci e la monumentalizzazione delle stazioni ferroviarie. I casi di Venezia Santa Lucia, Redipuglia e Roma Ostiense. 1934-1938, tesi di laurea, Trieste 2006, relatore P. Nicoloso, correlatore B. Boccazzi Mazza.
A. Morgera (ed.), La stazione di Redipuglia di Roberto Narducci, exhibition catalogue for "Sentieri di Pace" / Pro Loco di Fogliano Redipuglia, Fogliano Redipuglia 2007.

References

External links
 Arch. Narducci Roberto. Fascismo - Architettura - Arte / Arte fascista web site

1887 births
1979 deaths
Architects from Rome
20th-century Italian architects
Italian fascist architecture
Engineers from Rome
20th-century Italian engineers
Prussian G 5.1. The Prussian Class G 5.1 steam engines were the first 2-6-0 goods locomotives in Europe. They were developed for the Prussian state railways from the Class G 4 and a total of no less than 264 units of this class were placed in service in Prussia between 1892 and 1902. The twin-cylinder G 5.1 had been designed to raise the speed of goods trains on main lines. In addition, more powerful engines were needed for the increasingly heavy train loads. The locomotives, which were equipped with a compressed air brake, were used in charge of fast goods trains (Eilgüterzugdienst) and also passenger trains due to their impressive top speed of 65 km/h. The G 5.1 was fitted with inside Allan valve gear and the carrying wheels were of the Adams axle design. The engines were coupled with tenders of Class pr 3 T 12. In Prussian service they were renumbered in 1905 into the 4001–4150 range.

The Reichsbahn inherited 169 G 5.1s after the First World War, which were designated class 54.0-1 in the DRG renumbering plan for steam locomotives; however by 1925 only 71 units, 54 001—54 071, had been renumbered. The locomotives were all retired by 1930.

The Polish State Railways received 28 units after the Great War, initially retaining their Prussian running numbers, and in 1925 they were designated Ti1 and numbered 1–28. During the Third Silesian Uprising at least three, 4003, 4160, and 4185, were fitted with armour and used for Polish armoured trains; after returning to civilian use, the armour was removed and they were designated class G5.3 (Ti3 after 1925); it is possible that the latter two were not in fact G 5.1s. Retirement of the class began in 1936, and by 1939 only six remained in operation. Of these, three were captured by the Germans and impressed into Reichsbahn service as 54 601–603. Of these, only one - 54 601 (ex Ti1-15, née Danzig 4002, built by Schichau w/n 1113/1900) was returned to Poland on 29 September 1955 and immediately scrapped.

28 G 5.1s went to Belgium as Belgian State Railways Type 75, two were already withdrawn in 1921 and only nine were allocated new numbers in 1925, the last ones were withdrawn in 1929. Another seven went to France to the Administration des chemins de fer d'Alsace et de Lorraine (AL) which designated them class G 5.1 and numbered them 3994—4000; they were all passed on to the William Luxembourg Railway (fr) before the AL was merged into the SNCF in 1938.

See also 
Prussian state railways
List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses

Notes

References

Further reading 

2-6-0 locomotives
G 05.1
Railway locomotives introduced in 1892
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′C n2 locomotives
Freight locomotives
Berliner locomotives
AG Vulcan Stettin locomotives
Hanomag locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Schichau-Werke locomotives
Humboldt locomotives
Arnold Jung locomotives