omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Land Rover Aqaba Assembly Plant. The Land Rover Aqaba Assembly Plant Co., Ltd. was a joint venture between the Land Rover brand, the Shahin Group and Ole Automotive. It was founded on 18 February 2001, and is located in the Ma'an Governorate close to the Aqaba Special Economic Zone in Jordan. There was a capital of 70 million dinar injected to build this plant. About 1,000 workers are employed there, assembling 5,000 units annually.

The first products assembled at the plant were the Defender and Discovery 2. The components for the vehicles were obtained in kits sent from the Solihull plant in the United Kingdom. The kits were delivered to the Port of Aqaba and were subsequently transported to the assembly plant.

As of 2024, there are currently no Land Rover models manufactured the Aqaba plant.

Models formerly in production

References

External links 
 

Aqaba Assembly
Motor vehicle manufacturers of Jordan
Aqaba
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2001
IKV-3 Kotka. The IKV-3 "Kotka" is an FAI Open Class glider that was designed by Tuomo Tervo and Jorma Jalkanen. The prototype first flew in 1966. It was produced initially by IK-Vasama and KK. Lehtovaara.

The name IKV is an acronym for Ilmailukerho Vasama, the Vasama gliding club that sponsored the project.

Design and development
The IKV-3 was designed and the sole example produced between 1964 and 1966.

The wings are built from pine with  a birch-plywood skin to 55% from the leading edge. The wing employs a Wortmann FX62-K-152 airfoil at the wing root, a Wortmann FX62-K-153 mid-span and a Wortmann FX60-126 at the wing tip. The ailerons are 3.1m long and are constructed with foam plastic ribs and covered with plywood. The wing also features eight-section dive brakes for glidepath control. The horizontal and vertical stabilizers as well as the flaps are covered with plywood and have foam plastic ribs. The rudder is covered with aircraft fabric.

The fuselage is built from pine, with fibreglass from the nose to behind the wing and plywood aft of there. The landing gear is a retractable monowheel equipped with a drumbrake.

Specifications (IKV-3)

References
Tuomo T, Pitkäsiipinen, Ilmailu, December 1965

1960s Finnish sailplanes
Operation Grasshopper. Operation Grasshopper was a project to look for natural resources in Suriname from the air. For this project, seven airstrips were constructed in the interior of Suriname from 1959 onward.

The project was the brainchild of the Minister of Development of Suriname at the time, Frank Essed. In order to speed up the process of mapping the natural resources of the country—under the method used at the time it would at least take another few decades before the whole country was mapped—the plan foresaw in the exploration of the country by flying over it using planes with magnetometers and scintillometers on board. In order to be able to do this, seven airstrips were needed in the interior of Suriname. The 7 airstrips were built for the purpose to make the interior accessible for exploration activities.

During the construction of an airport near Paloemeu, a plane carrying building material crashed nearby. The pilot and co-pilot, Vincent Fajks and Ronald Kappel died in the crash. The airport was subsequently named after Fajks. The airstrip at Tafelberg was named after Mr. Kappel.

One result of Operation Grasshopper was the discovery of bauxite in the Bakhuis Mountains. This led to the drafting of the West Suriname Plan.

Airports constructed during Operation Grasshopper
Kabalebo Airstrip
Coeroeni Airstrip
Kayser Airstrip
Oelemari Airstrip
Sipaliwini Airstrip
Tafelberg Airstrip
Vincent Fayks Airport

References

 Bruijning, C.F.A. en J. Voorhoeve (red.): Encyclopedie van Suriname, Amsterdam en Brussel 1977, Uitgeversmaatschappij Argus Elsevier, pp. 227–229.

20th century in Suriname
Stadium (software). STADIUM (Software for Transport and Degradation In Unsaturated Materials) is a or service life prediction method which uses finite element software in conjunction with certified lab testing to determine the service life of exposed reinforced concrete.

Development

SUMMA 
STADIUM was originally developed in the late 1990s for in-house use by SIMCO Technologies, then an engineering firm specialised in the aging of concrete structures. STADIUM uses time-step finite element analysis to simulate the progress of harmful ions (including chloride, sulphate, and hydroxide) through concrete, by considering the chemical and physical properties of the concrete being analysed.

As the US Navy needed a tool to accurately predict the degradation of waterfront concrete structures, SIMCO Technologies and its U.S. partner, the RJLee Group, were awarded Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) funds from the US Navy for a Phase I feasibility study in 2002. In 2003, Phase II funds were awarded to the team to fully integrate chloride ingress and corrosion initiation prediction in STADIUM. Several industrial partners also joined this effort: Lafarge, Holcim, Euclid, BASF, Sika, MMFX, and Grace Chemicals.  The consortium was called SUMMA.

The main outcomes of this research phase were:
Integration of ionic exchange in the chemical module to model chloride binding.
Determination of the chloride corrosion threshold based on the modified G109 test procedure (some of these tests are still ongoing).
Integration of temperature effects in the model.
Determination of transport properties for more than 20 concrete mixtures.
Development of a Graphical User Interface for STADIUM.

SUMMA2 

STADIUM development continued with the second phase of the SUMMA research program (SUMMA2), leading to the commercialisation of STADIUM 2.9 to coincide with the specification of STADIUM service life modelling for new waterfront constructions for the US Navy.

STADIUM 2.99 

STADIUM 2.99 is currently the most recent build of the STADIUM client.  Being a web-based program, a user's files are accessible from any other computer with the STADIUM 2.99 client installed, and requires a secure username and password to access.

STADIUM Lab 

As the STADIUM model relies on laboratory testing, STADIUM Lab is the software component required by concrete laboratories in order to characterize concrete for use in STADIUM, as well as service life quality control.  Only labs accredited by SIMCO Technologies are qualified to perform STADIUM Lab testing.

Applications 

STADIUM has been used as quality control for US Navy projects such as the Kilo Wharf extension project in Guam, the Modular Hybrid Pier, and evaluations of the Pearl Harbor Dry Docks.

State Departments of Transport have also begun using STADIUM, such as the NJDOT's use of STADIUM for analysis of the Route 21 Southbound Viaduct in Newark, New Jersey.

References

External links
 SIMCO Technologies website

Concrete
Computer-aided engineering software
Simulation software
1990s software
Building engineering software
Stanley B. Lippman. Stanley B. Lippman (May 7, 1950 – July 31, 2022) was an American computer scientist and author. He is most widely known as an author of the C++ Primer book, which is currently published as 5th edition. Lippman has also authored the book Inside the C++ Object Model.  He worked with Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Laboratories during early stages of C++ development. In 2001, Lippman became an architect for Visual C++. In 2007, he joined Emergent Game Technologies. He then worked for NASA, Pixar and at the time of his death was working at 2kQubits according to his LinkedIn page.

Books

References 

American computer scientists
American technology writers
1950 births
2022 deaths
Futon dryer. A  is an electric device that warms and dries a Japanese futon by forcing warm air through it.

Mechanism
A futon dryer works by drawing in air with an electric fan and heating it, and then forcing it into a large cloth pouch.  The pouch is usually inserted between the futon mattress and comforter, and hot air is forced through it for about an hour to dry the futon.

Futon dryers run on a timer, and when the timer reaches zero, cold air is blown before the unit shuts off.  A futon drier uses about 600 watts of electricity, about the same as a hair dryer.

Purpose

A futon must be kept dry because human sweat and body heat create a warm, moist environment which is amenable to mites.  Traditionally, futon are kept dry by hanging them out on a balcony in the sun to dry in the open air, but some people are too busy to do this since they must be hung during daylight hours and brought in before sunset, when the temperature drops and moisture condenses inside the futon.  Finding time to hang a futon may also be difficult during the rainy season in Japan, since there are few sunny days and there are frequent and sudden periods of rain so a futon dryer can fulfill the function of keeping the futon dry and keeping the level of mites living in the futon down without needing to hang it out.

Many dryers also have attachments for drying shoes or boots, or air pouches which can be folded to dry clothes in place of a clothes dryer.  The dryer can be run for under an hour to warm the futon without completely drying it, or over an hour to reduce the population of mites.

References

External links 

Bedding
Heating
Home appliances
Japanese home
Laundry drying equipment
Mattresses
Cleaning methods
DB Class E 50. The Class E 50 is an electric heavy freight locomotive built for German Federal Railways between 1957 and 1973. It belongs to the Einheits-Elektrolokomotiven (standardised electric locomotives) program and was built as a heavy freight mover to be used on the increasingly electrified main lines of the DB, where they were set to replace the steam traction. In 1968 the series was redesignated as class 150 (E50). Originally the Class 150 was also suitable for passenger service; however, it did not have any steam or electric heating capability for the passenger coaches.

Production
In 1957 the first locomotive, 150 001, was delivered by AEG and Krupp. Altogether, 194 locomotives were ordered and delivered.

Performance

To date, the Class 150's starting tractive effort of  remains unparalleled on German rails. In fact, it was very close to the breaking force of the buffers and chain couplers used at the time of its production. Some engines were therefore fitted with automatic coupling (type unicupler AK69e) to haul heavy ore-trains.

Survivors
By 2004 all class 150 locomotives except 150 091 and 150 186 were scrapped.

Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
150
Co′Co′ locomotives
AEG locomotives
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Siemens locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1957
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe

Freight locomotives
DRG Class E 93. The DRG Class E93 is an electric heavy freight locomotive built by AEG for Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1933. Its development was triggered by the electrification of the Geislinger Steige, a steep grade of the mainline railroad between Stuttgart and Ulm, which had been electrified in 1933 and required powerful new freight locomotives to overcome it with heavy freight trains.

Production
The 18 ordered units were delivered between 1933 and 1937.

Appearance
The external appearance superficially resembles a Swiss crocodile but the German locomotive differs in that the axles are individually powered and the body is not articulated.

Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
E93
Co′Co′ locomotives
AEG locomotives
Brown, Boveri & Cie locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1933
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany

Freight locomotives
Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe
DRG Class E 94. The DRG Class E94 is an electric heavy freight locomotive built for Deutsche Reichsbahn from 1940, with the bulk of deliveries taking place in that year. It was a major evolution of the DRG Class E 93. Railway aficionados still call the type "Grünes Krokodil" (Green Crocodile) because of the resemblance to the Swiss locomotive nicknamed "Crocodile".

Production

146 units were built until the end of the Second World War, as it was considered important for the war effort. They were classified as KEL 2 during that time period.

After World War II, a further 49 units were ordered by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and delivered as late as 1957. The final 23 units had their power rating increased to . From 1968, the top speed of these locomotives was raised to , and were reclassified as E 94.2, later Class 194.5, due to several technical differences.

Transfers to ÖBB and DR
After the war, 44 units were placed under the authority of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB). In 1952, the ÖBB ordered three complementary locos. In 1954, they were classified as class 1020.

Deutsche Reichsbahn refurbished 23 of the E 94 locomotives they retrieved from the Soviet occupation zone, and were put to work on heavy freight trains and occasionally express trains.

References 

Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
E94
Co′Co′ locomotives
AEG locomotives
Krauss-Maffei locomotives
Floridsdorf locomotives
Henschel locomotives
Krupp locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1940
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany

Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe
FFT Eurotrainer 2000. The FFA 2000, FFT Eurotrainer 2000, Eurotrainer 2000  is a low wing two seat training aircraft developed by Gyroflug. A prototype was tested and displayed throughout Europe, but the project was canceled.

Development
The Eurotrainer 2000 was developed as a modern low cost trainer for military and civilian pilots developed from AS-202 metal design. The first launch customer was to be Swissair. FFT went out of business in 1992 with one prototype produced.

Design
The aircraft is a four-seat, retractable tricycle gear design. The fuselage and wings are all composite construction. The landing gear uses a trailing link layout.

Operational history
The prototype has been displayed in Paris, France in 1991 at Le Bourget airfield.

Variants
FFA 2000 
FFA Flugzeugwerke project developed in 1985 with a Porsche PFM 3200-T03 engine. Production delays of Porsche engine prompted switch to Lycoming AEIO-540-X100 engine in 1989.
FFT 2000
Gesellschaft für Flugzeug- und Faserverbund-Technologie mbH version (no differences)
Eurotrainer 2000A 
Renamed product

Specifications (FFT Eurotrainer 2000)

Notes

References

1990s international civil utility aircraft
Gyroflug aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Robert Hall (aircraft designer). Robert L. Hall (1906–1991) was an American Air racing pilot and aircraft designer.

Career 

Robert Leicester Hall was born in Taunton, Massachusetts 1905.  After graduating in 1927 from the University of Michigan, with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, he joined the Granville Brothers Aircraft, where he was the chief engineer.  He designed the Gee Bee Model Z racer, the "City of Springfield," which swept the competition in every contest in the National Air Races of 1931.  On September 5, Hall flew the Gee Bee Z to victory in the General Tire and Rubber Trophy race. Lowell Bayles flew the aircraft the next day to victory in the free-for-all event.

The Springfield Aircraft Co.

Hall left the Granville Brothers in 1927 to form The Springfield Aircraft Co and moved operations to the Bowles Agawam Airport.  There he designed the Bulldog racing aircraft, which he went on to race at the 1932 National Air Races, finished sixth at a speed of 215.5 mph. Afterwards there was speculation that its experimental Hamilton Standard propeller prevented the Wasp engine from running at full power. Hall was so disappointed with its performance that he dismantled and scrapped the plane after that race. He also designed the Cicada racer, which was scheduled to race at the 1932 National Air Races by owner Frank Lynch but did not start the race due to engine problems.

The Grumman Years

Robert Hall later joined Grumman, where he helped design and test a series of planes that proved a major force during World War II.  Serving as Chief Engineer and lead flight test pilot, he helped design and made the first flights of the F4F Wildcat, the G-21 Goose in 1937, the XP-50 in 1941, the F6F Hellcat in 1942, the F7F Tigercat in 1943 and the F8F Bearcat in 1944. On May 14, 1941 while flying the XP-50, it experienced an inflight turbocharger explosion while over Long Island Sound. Hall was forced to parachute to safety.  As Grumman's chief engineer and vice president, he was instrumental in the design of the F9F Panther, F9F Cougar, F10F Jaguar and F11F Tiger jet fighters and the Gulfstream I executive aircraft. He retired from Grumman in 1970.

Legacy

The Hall Bulldog Project is a project attempting to recreate the V-2 Bulldog.

His son Eric Hall is co-founder of Hall Spars, which manufacturers sailboat rigging.

References 

Air racing
1905 births
1991 deaths
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
People from Taunton, Massachusetts
Aircraft designers
Lakeside Nature Reserve. Lakeside Nature Reserve is a small Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation in Church End, Finchley in the London Borough of Barnet.
Its main feature is a pond which was constructed in the late 1890s by Peter Edmund Kay as a reservoir to store rainwater for commercial greenhouses in the Claigmar Vineyard, a large market garden in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The pond has a fountain and plants fringing the shore include water mint, gypsywort and purple-loosestrife. Waterfowl nest on a small island and there are dragonflies in summer.

There is no public access but it can be viewed from a footpath off Strathmore Gardens.

References

Nature reserves in the London Borough of Barnet
KiHa 201 series. The  is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) on Sapporo area suburban services in Hokkaido, Japan since 1997. The KiHa 201 trains are designed to work in multiple with 731 series electric multiple unit (EMU) sets with which it shares numerous features, including appearance, interior layout, bodyshell and control systems. These daily interworkings are the only diesel-electric multiple working in Japan. To allow them to work alongside faster and more powerful EMUs, KiHa 201 units are uniquely fitted with pneumatic tilting bogies designed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and used on KiHa 261 series express trains.

Formation
The fleet is formed as four 3-car sets, D-101–104, as follows.

Interior
Seating consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. The KiHa 201-200 cars are fitted with a toilet. For greater capacity and shorter loading times, features typical to trains in Hokkaido, such as entrance vestibules designed to keep passenger compartments warm, are for the first time replaced by individually-opening semi-automatic doors and infrared heating.

History

The first set was delivered from Fuji Heavy Industries to Naebo Depot in December 1996, and the fleet of four sets entered revenue service from the start of 22 March 1997 timetable revision.

Polycarbonate window covers were fitted to the fleet between June and September 2002.

Services
Operating on the Hakodate Main Line between ,  and , these commuter units are used on local and Ishikari Liner and Niseko Liner Rapid services, formerly operating on the Sassho Line before its electrification in 2012, as well as the Chitose Line. Multiple workings with 731 series EMUs are currently limited to one single trip a day.

Unlike other DMUs operated by JR Hokkaido, KiHa 201s are not equipped for driver only operation. Services on lines – such as on the Sassho Line pre-electrification – where most trains operate with the driver only still require conductors when KiHa 201s are used.

References

201 series
Hokkaido Railway Company
Tilting trains
Train-related introductions in 1997
Fuji rolling stock
Business intelligence deployment. Utilising the DW/BI system is the final step before business users gain access to the information. The first impression the business community gets is when introduced to the BI frontend drives. Because acceptance from users is important, the deployment must be thoughtfully planned to ensure that the DW/BI system can perform and deliver the results it is designed to deliver.
To ensure that the implementation can perform and deliver it has to be exposed to extensive end-to-end testing . The process of testing is an ongoing activity along the development process, because defects that should be correct later in the lifecycle are difficult to find and are associated with exponentially increasing costs. A way of securing that the testing is done through the development lifecycle is to follow a methodology.
Kimball prescribe that before adding the DW/BI system, it should have passed a mock test that will cover the following procedures;
 
Testing procedures
Data quality
 Operations process testing
 Performance testing
 Deployment testing
 User desktop readiness.
 Documentation and Training
 Maintenance and Support

References

Business intelligence terms
Bancroft point. A Bancroft point is the temperature where an azeotrope occurs in a binary system. Although vapor liquid azeotropy is impossible for binary systems which are rigorously described by Raoult's law, for real systems, azeotropy is inevitable at temperatures where the saturation vapor pressure of the components are equal. Such a temperature is called a Bancroft point. However, not all azeotropic binary systems exhibit such a point. Also, a Bancroft point must lie in the valid temperature ranges of the Antoine equation.

Bancroft point is named after Wilder Dwight Bancroft.

See also
 Raoult's law
 Vapor–liquid equilibrium
 Bancroft rule

External links
 
 Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures

Phase transitions
Thermodynamics
Distillation
Temperature
Rouse model. The Rouse model is frequently used in polymer physics.

The Rouse model describes the conformational dynamics of an ideal chain. In this model, the single chain diffusion is represented by Brownian motion of beads connected by harmonic springs. There are no excluded volume interactions between the beads and each bead is subjected to a random thermal force and a drag force as in Langevin dynamics. This model was proposed by Prince E. Rouse in 1953. The mathematical formalism of the dynamics of Rouse model is described here. 

An important extension to include hydrodynamic interactions mediated by the solvent between different parts of the chain was worked out by Bruno Zimm in 1956. Whilst the Rouse model applies to polymer melts, the Zimm model applies to polymer in solution where the hydrodynamic interaction is not screened.  In solution, the Rouse-Zimm model predicts D~1/Nν which is consistent with the experiments. 

In a polymer melt, the Rouse model correctly predicts long-time diffusion only for chains shorter than the entanglement length. For long chains with noticeable entanglement, the Rouse model holds only up to a crossover time τe. For longer times the chain can only move within a tube formed by the surrounding chains. This slow motion is usually approximated by the reptation model.

References 

Polymer physics