omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Igraph. igraph is a library collection for creating and manipulating graphs and analyzing networks. It is written in C and also exists as Python and R packages. There exists moreover an interface for Mathematica. The software is widely used in academic research in network science and related fields. The publication that introduces the software has 13502 citations as of  according to Google Scholar.

igraph was originally developed by Gábor Csárdi and Tamás Nepusz. It is written in the C programming language in order to achieve good performance and it is freely available under GNU General Public License Version 2.

Basic properties

The three most important properties of igraph that shaped its development are as follows:
 igraph is capable of handling large networks efficiently
 it can be productively used with a high-level programming language
 interactive and non-interactive usage are both supported

Characteristics
The software is open source, source code can be downloaded from the project's GitHub page. There are several open source software packages that use igraph functions. As an example, R packages tnet, igraphtosonia and cccd depend on igraph R package.
Users can use igraph on many operating systems. The C library and R and Python packages need the respective software, otherwise igraph is portable. The C library of igraph is well documented as well as the R package and the Python package

Functions
igraph can be used to generate graphs, compute centrality measures and path length based properties as well as graph components and graph motifs. It also can be used for degree-preserving randomization. igraph can read and write file formats such as Pajek, GraphML, LGL, NCOL, DIMACS, and GML, as well as simple edge lists. The library contains several layout tools as well.

References

External links
 

Software using the GNU General Public License
2006 software
Cross-platform free software
Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in C++
Adeline (rocket stage). Adeline (Advanced Expendable Launcher with Innovative engine Economy) was a concept for a reusable rocket first-stage that would fly itself back to Earth after a launch using drone technology for horizontal landing on a runway. Airbus Defence and Space conceived the design concept.

Overview

The concept envisions a rocket booster that includes propeller engines and avionics to allow for its recovery by a soft landing on a runway. The boosters would then be refurbished and reused on another flight.

After the stage is exhausted during launch, the engine module is jettisoned for reentry. At a certain point in the descent, Adeline would deploy its small winglets and steer itself towards a runway whilst gliding. As it approaches the runway, landing gear and two small pusher configuration propellers would be deployed to perform a powered horizontal landing. The concept would allow for reusing 80% of the stage's economic value: the engine, avionics and propulsion bay. The engines could be re-flown about 10 to 20 times. The approach could have several advantages over the successfully proven SpaceX technology which regularly returns its first stage rockets. Specifically, it avoids the high stresses their booster engines experience during deceleration for a vertical landing and for a geostationary flight it would only require around 2,000 kg of fuel to return safely to the ground against an estimated 35,000 kg that Airbus has estimated are needed to return a SpaceX booster to the launch site. Fuel is only a minor cost in the value of the overall launch, however to achieve a 21-40% reduction in cost of the launch the Falcon 9 payload is reduced from 8,300kg to 5,500kg pushing cost per kilogram  back up by a third and negating much of the savings, the true cost advantage would be when carrying customer payloads significantly below the rockets lift potential where the otherwise unused lift capacity could be used for extra fuel to recycle the rocket.

The concept may be used in future evolution of Ariane 6, or any liquid-fuel rocket. The project engineers think it could recover 20-30% of the cost of a flight at an added weight penalty cost of about 10%.

Airbus started this program in 2010 and has invested about  by May 2015 on the reusable technology programme; scale models have been flown. Ariane 6 is developed for Airbus Defence and Space, Adeline comes afterwards.

In 2018 an official in the CNES launcher directorate declared the concept "not financially interesting".

See also

 Ariane (rocket family)
 Comparison of orbital launchers families
 Liquid fly-back booster, a cancelled DLR project to develop reusable boosters for Ariane 5
 Reusable launch system
 Winged Reusable Sounding rocket (WIRES)
 RETALT, reusable launch systems
 SUSIE, another concept for introducing reusability to the Ariane 6

References

External links
Adeline: Airbus Defence and Space's solution to reuse space Launchers video
Airbus is testing concepts to reuse rocket parts  - article including a diagram of mission profile

Rocket stages
Airbus Defence and Space
Shakealarm. ShakeAlarm is an on-site earthquake early warning system (EEWS) developed by Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants in Vancouver, British Columbia. The system functions by detecting and identifying fast moving P-waves that arrive before the slower and damaging S-waves generated from the hypocenter of an earthquake. Once ShakeAlarm has identified a candidate P-wave it will determine in less than 500 milliseconds if the following S-wave will be strong enough to be dangerous. Once the determination has been reached that an inbound S-wave might exceed acceptable levels the system can trigger the structured shutdown of critical processes - gas, electricity and water services - and can also be used for opening of fire bay doors, SMS warnings to the general population and a variety of other services to be activated before the S-wave's (shaking) impact. ShakeAlarm represents a streamlined site specific application of technology and ideas that Japan has been working with for some time on a nationwide deployment level in the form of a network.

Applications
ShakeAlarm is deployed throughout British Columbia, Washington State and Oregon State - further locations on the West Coast of North America are being investigated for deployment of the ShakeAlarm system.

Shakealarm has been protecting the George Massey Tunnel, (and its 50,000+ daily users) in Delta, BC against significant seismic activity since 2009.

Development
ShakeAlarm is the most current technology to come from over 30 years of microseismic research and development conducted by Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants. Major contributors to the development of ShakeAlarm include Dr. Anton Zaicenco Dr. Iain Weir-Jones, and Sharlie Huffman formerly of the BC Ministry of Transportation.

History
The earliest uses of this technology by the development company were focused on listening for propagating micro fractures in the rock hundreds of meters under the surface. This was done to monitor the effects of oil and gas sector activities like fracking. The next major development from microseismic technology was the ability to look at interactions on the surface from a buried sensor, this led to a system called Rockfall which is designed to replace fall fences on sections of railway prone to falling rock and debris. ShakeAlarm was a natural evolution when it was discovered that the technology being used was capable of detecting P-wave vibrations in the ground.

References

 http://www.shakealarm.com/earthquake_warning/early_warning_system.php
 http://www.shakealarm.com/earthquake_warning/Detecting_Fronts_of_Elastic_Wave.php
 http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/real-estate-daily/2015/05/earthquake-on-the-way-the-radiator-building-in.html
 http://corefirst-seismic-upgrade-system.com/shakealarm-earthquake-early-warning-system/
 http://www.oregonbusiness.com/the-latest/15195-oregon-businesses-face-destruction-from-future-earthquake

External links
 Official website
 Company website
 Facebook - 

Earthquake early warning systems
Geoengineering (disambiguation). Geoengineering (Geo-engineering) most commonly refers to climate engineering.

Geoengineering may also refer to:

 Geological engineering, a hybrid discipline that comprises elements of civil engineering, mining engineering, petroleum engineering, and earth science
 Engineering geology, the application of the geological sciences to engineering study
 Geotechnical engineering, the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
 Geophysical engineering, the application of geophysics to the engineering design of facilities, including roads, tunnels, and mines

See also
Environmental engineering
Geoprofessions
Terraforming
John C. H. Spence. John Charles Howorth Spence ForMemRS HonFRMS (21 April 1946 – 28 June 2021) was Richard Snell Professor of Physics at Arizona State University and Director of Science at the National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center.

Education
Spence was educated at the University of Melbourne where he was awarded a PhD in 1973 for work on double plasmon studies of metals under the supervision of Alan Spargo. He conducted postdoctoral research at University of Oxford under Sir Peter Hirsch, David Cockayne and Michael Whelan, and then at Arizona State University under John M. Cowley, working alongside Sumio Iijima, Ondrej Krivanek and David J. Smith. Later, he established his own group at Arizona State University.

Awards and honours
Spence was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2015. His nomination reads: 

In 2017 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (HonFRMS) for his contributions to microscopy. Spence was a (corresponding) Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, and the author of the book "Lightspeed"  (OUP 2019) on the history of attempts to measure the speed of light leading to Einstein's theories. For 2021 he was awarded the Gregori Aminoff Prize. He died in 2021.

Bibliography

Monograph and handbook

Nonfiction

See also
 Henry N. Chapman
 Sumio Iijima
 Serial femtosecond crystallography

References

1946 births
2021 deaths
People from Canberra
Foreign members of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Australian physicists
Australian fellows of the Royal Society
Microscopists
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Honorary Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
Marten van der Veen. Air Vice Marshal Marten van der Veen (born 22 January 1946) is a former Royal Air Force officer who served as commandant of the RAF Staff College, Bracknell.

RAF career
Educated at King's College School and Magdalen College, Oxford, Van der Veen joined the Royal Air Force in 1963. He became Officer Commanding the Engineering Wing at RAF Brawdy in 1980, Engineering Inspector of Flight Safety at the Ministry of Defence in 1982 and Director of Defence Studies (RAF) in 1985. 

He went on to be Station Commander at RAF Cosford in 1989, Director of Support Policy (RAF) in 1991 and Station Commander at RAF St Athan in 1994. After, he became Commandant of the RAF Staff College, Bracknell in 1996 and Director-General of Support Management in 1997 before retiring in 1999.

In retirement, Van der Veen became bursar of Balliol College, Oxford.

References

1946 births
Royal Air Force air marshals
Living people
People educated at King's College School, London
Garageio. Garageio is a smart home garage door controller created by Alottazs Labs, LLC headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Alottazs Labs, LLC is a privately held company founded in October 2012. Garageio is an Internet of Things product providing managed garage and gate access via a smartphone and other web-enabled devices.

Garageio consists of a WiFi enabled control hub which attaches to the garage door opener and controlled through the Garageio mobile or desktop application. The control hub can connect up to three separate garage doors from the same device.

The Garageio iOS and Android application allows the user to remotely manage each connected garage door independently. The user can also grant and accept access to other garage doors from other Garageio users.

History 
The idea for Garageio began in 2012 when co-founder Zak Dziczkowski discovered his garage door remote was missing. Zak soon discovered that the replacement cost for a new remote was too expensive and envisioned a better way to control the garage door. That same night Zak called co-founder Dave Reif and together they began to work on the Garageio prototype.

2012
In October 2012, Garageio became a product of Alottazs Labs, LLC bringing aboard additional co-founders, entrepreneur Greg Colarich, creative designer Jess Boonstra, and marketer Zach Cochran.

2013
Garageio spent the early part of the year focusing on application development and product design. Garageio was the recipient of the Cool Idea! Award by Minnesota-based plastic manufacturer Proto Labs which provided gratis prototype casings and a subsequent production run of parts. In November 2013, Garageio launched a successful crowd-funding campaign through Fundable raising $30,000 in pre-order sales.

2014
Garageio began shipping early in 2014 to its early crowd-funding backers and continued to take orders through its website. Garageio released an updated version of the application and announced additional platform integrations such as IFTTT (if this than that), which allows users to create recipes that trigger customized events. Garageio IFTTT recipes include events such as if it rains then close my garage or if I leave my house close my garage. Garageio increased its manufacturing network and continued to ship throughout North America.

2015
Garageio was one of the first recipients of the Alexa Fund, a fund by Amazon.com to support startups on voice control technology. As such, Garageio will be one of the first smart home devices that will be controllable with the Amazon Echo.

References

Garage door openers
Internet of things companies
IOS software
Android (operating system) software
Home automation companies
Companies based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area
David K. Smith. David Kelham Smith is a professor of chemistry at the University of York in England. His research focuses on nanochemistry and self-assembling nanomaterials. Smith is also well known for his education and public outreach activities, such as his  channel dedicated to combatting chemistry disparagement. Smith is openly gay and has been described as "one of the most visible out gay scientists."

Academic career
Smith received his undergraduate degree from the University of Oxford in 1992 and his Ph.D. in 1996 under the supervision of Paul Beer, after which he was a postdoctoral fellow with François Diederich. He began his career as a lecturer at University of York in 1999 and was promoted to professor in 2006.

Research
Smith's research group studies the properties of nanomaterials, particularly self-assembling molecular gels, which may have a variety of practical applications including in biomaterials and in the construction of molecular electronics. He became interested in applications to biomaterials after observing the medical treatments needed by his late partner, who had cystic fibrosis, and has studied the potential applications of nanogels in drug delivery.

Smith was awarded the Bob Hay Lectureship in 2010 and the Corday Morgan Award in 2012 by the Royal Society of Chemistry in recognition of his contributions to the field.

Teaching and outreach 
Smith is the Chair of Teaching in the University of York Chemistry Department and is well known for his interest in chemistry education and public outreach about chemistry-related topics. He frequently speaks at public events and to schoolchildren about his personal experience as a scientist. He also maintains a widely followed YouTube channel for chemistry education and has published on his experiences using video as an educational tool.

Smith received the Royal Society of Chemistry's Higher Education Award in 2005, awarded a National Teaching Fellowship in 2013, and was named as one of 175 Faces of Chemistry in 2015.

In addition to science education work, Smith also writes about diversity in science and about the need for scientist role models from the LGBT community.

References

Living people
British chemists
Academics from Greater Manchester
Academics of the University of York
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British LGBTQ scientists
LGBTQ people from Manchester
LGBTQ YouTubers
YouTubers from Manchester
Year of birth missing (living people)
Gay academics
Gay scientists
21st-century British LGBTQ people
Type 074A landing ship. Type 074A landing ship medium with NATO reporting name Yubei class is a new member of Type 74 series LSM, it is unique in that it is catamaran hull design. More than ten are in service by mid 2015, and this ship is the first LSM in PLAN to incorporate infrared stealth feature in that the exhaust is near waterline.  A speedboat launching / recovering facility is also added.  Type 74A LSM can carry 3 Type 96 or Type 59 tanks, or 6 Type 63 (tank)s, plus a platoon of 70 fully equipped troops, or 250 fully equipped troops.

References

Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Amphibious warfare vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Type 072A landing ship. The Type 072A landing ship (NATO/OSD Yuting II-class landing ship tank) is a class of amphibious warfare ship in the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy.

The Type 072A is a development of the Type 072II or Type 072III landing ships. A tunnel through the superstructure connects the forward and rear decks. The vehicle deck runs the full length of the ship with bow doors and stern ramp.

The first nine ships entered service from 2003 to 2005. They were completed with a twin 37mm turret.

A second batch - reportedly of four ships from Wuchang shipyard and two from Fujian shipyard - began entering service in 2015. The 37mm guns were replaced by a H/PJ-17 30 mm gun.

Ships of the class

See also
Type 072III
Type 072II

References

 
Amphibious warfare vessel classes
Amphibious warfare vessels of the People's Liberation Army Navy
John Newman (scientist). John Scott Newman (born November 17, 1938) is an American retired academic. A professor and renowned battery and electrochemical engineer researcher, he worked at the University of California in the Department of Chemical Engineering. The Newman Research Group was established with the goal of identifying "efficient and economical methods for electrochemical energy conversion and storage, development of mathematical models to predict the behavior of electrochemical systems and to identify important process parameters, and experimental verification of the completeness and accuracy of the models". Newman also worked for the Electrochemical Technologies Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he was a Faculty Senior Scientist. While at LBNL he served as director of several Department of Energy’s energy storage programs, including the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies Program. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1999 for contributions to applied electrochemistry and for their reduction to practice through advances  in electrochemical engineering. He was an Onsager Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 2002. Newman is regarded by many as "the father of electrochemical engineering."  The Newman Method is a "numerical technique...developed for solving coupled electrochemical reaction–diffusion equations".

Professor Newman has authored more than 339 scientific publications, with more the 47000 citations, and an h-index of 95. He is the author of Electrochemical Systems with Karen E. Thomas-Alyea which is "used throughout the world as a monograph and graduate text in electrochemical engineering."

In 2010 he received the Edward Goodrich Acheson Award of the Electrochemical Society, his tenth award from the society.

Newman has graduated thirty masters and forty-three Ph.D. students and seventeen have gone on to become faculty members as of 2008. The faculty include Thomas W. Chapman (Ph.D., 1967), Kemal Nisancioglu (Ph.D. 1973), Nader Vahdat (MS, 1972), Peter Willem Appel (Ph.D. 1976), Ralph Edward White (PhD, 1977), Peter S. Fedkiw (Ph.D., 1978), James Arthur Trainham, III (Ph.D., 1979), Richard Pollard (Ph.D., 1979), Mark Edward Orazem (Ph.D., 1983), Michael John Matlosz (Ph.D., 1985), Alan C. West (Ph.D., 1989), Thomas F. Fuller (Ph.D., 1992), Bavanethan Pillay (Ph.D., 1996), Jeremy Patrick Meyers (Ph.D., 1998), Heather Darya Yaros (Ph.D., 2002), Dean Richard Wheeler (Ph.D., 2002), Charles Monroe (Ph.D., 2004), Paul Albertus (Ph.D., 2009), and Maureen H. Tang (Ph.D., 2012).

References

1938 births
Living people
Electrochemistry
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people
American Latter Day Saints
21st-century American chemists
John Elmer McKeen. John Elmer McKeen (19031978) was a pioneering chemical engineer known globally for his contributions to mass production of antibiotics, particularly penicillin, during World War II. His contributions led to the rapid scale-up of production, supplying a substantial portion of this vital "miracle antibiotic" to the armed forces. McKeen graduated from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (now NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering) in 1926 as a chemical engineer and immediately went to work for Pfizer, where he was the president from 1949 to 1965. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering.

References

Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni

1903 births
1978 deaths
Dorit S. Hochbaum. Dorit S. Hochbaum is a professor of  industrial engineering and operations research at the University of California, Berkeley. She is known for her work on approximation algorithms, particularly for facility location, covering and packing problems, and scheduling, and on flow and cut algorithms, Markov random fields, image segmentation and clustering.

Education and career
Hochbaum earned her doctorate in 1979 from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, under the supervision of Marshall Lee Fisher. She was on the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University before moving to Berkeley in 1981. In 2011 she became the Epstein Family Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Southern California, but has since returned to Berkeley.

Recognition
In 2004, Hochbaum was awarded an honorary doctorate of sciences by the University of Copenhagen, recognizing her pioneering and inspiring contributions to mathematical optimization.  Hochbaum was awarded the title of INFORMS fellow in fall 2005 for the extent of her  contributions to operations research, management science and algorithm design. She is the winner of the 2011 INFORMS Computing Society prize for best paper dealing with the Operations Research/Computer Science interface. In 2014, she was selected as a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics "for contributions to the design and analysis of approximation algorithms, flow problems, and their innovative use in applications, and in solving NP-hard problems."

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American operations researchers
UC Berkeley College of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
20th-century American women mathematicians
21st-century American women mathematicians