omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Abbas Alasgarov. Abbas Alasgarov Abbas oglu (; 13 December 1937 – 18 February 2018) was an Azerbaijani engineer and politician who served as the Chairman of the State Committee for City Building and Architecture of Azerbaijan from 2007. Construction engineer by profession, Asgarov is the chairman of the Union of Azerbaijani Architects and one of the authors of the main plan of Baku.

Early life
Asgarov was born in 1937 in Baku, Azerbaijan. He started his career in construction in 1960 when he was employed by the Ministry of Construction. He then worked at the Industrial Construction Ministry for several years.

While working as the Senior Engineer at Orgtekhstroy state company, he managed the design and construction of nine microdistricts of Baku, several microdistricts in Nakhchivan, Ganja, Sumgayit, Communal Air Conditionals Plant, Republican Palace, Gulustan Palace, Baku Deepwater Structures Plant, Kura River channels, Tree Refinery Factory in Alat, four apartment building construction companies in Baku, Nakhchivan, Ganja and Sumgayit, construction of two metal-concrete products plants in Baku, one in Sumgayit and two others in Ganja and Nakhchivan and one sand-stone refinery in Poylu, Agstafa.

From 1977 on, Asgarov held executive positions in Azərsənayelayihə Design Institute, Baku Main Construction Department and Baku State Design Institute. When he was the director of Baku State Design Institute, Asgarov managed the projects for construction of apartment buildings in Gunashli, Qanligol, Yeni Yasamal, Ahmadli, Sahil, Badamdar, Lokbatan, building of Chinese Embassy in Baku, dormitories of Azərneftyağ Plant, Baku Choreography School, highrise buildings on Matbuat Avenue, Seyidov, Plotnikov, Qutqashinli, Hagverdiyev streets, Azadliq Avenue of Baku, vacation home for the disabled in Sagan; designed the main plan of National Park, apartment buildings for the members of Azerbaijani Parliament, etc.

Political career
On April 4, 2007 in accordance with the Presidential Decree No. 2081, Abbas Asgarov was appointed the Chairman of the State Committee for City Building and Architecture of Azerbaijan Republic which was created a year earlier. As the chair of the committee, Abbasov has laid out a new development plan of Baku for 2010-2030.

Awards
Asgarov holds the titles of Merited Engineer of Azerbaijan, Merited Architect of Azerbaijan, and was awarded with Sharaf and Xalqlar Dostluğu (Friendship of People) orders.

See also
Cabinet of Azerbaijan
Architecture in Baku
Architecture of Azerbaijan

References 

1937 births
Government ministers of Azerbaijan
Engineers from Baku
2018 deaths
Derek Roberts. Sir Derek Harry Roberts (28 March 1932 – 17 February 2021) was an English engineer who twice served as provost of University College London (UCL), from 1989 to 1999 and again from 2002 to 2003.

Engineering

Roberts spent much of his professional life in industrial scientific research at Plessey's Caswell research centre, and later at the GEC Hirst Research Centre and as a director of GEC. For his contribution to early semiconductor research, Roberts was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1980 and delivered the Clifford Paterson Lecture the same year. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, also in 1980. In 1986 he presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa.

UCL

Roberts became the Provost of UCL in 1989. Under his leadership UCL expanded significantly, merging with several institutions including the Institute of Child Health in 1996, the Royal Free Medical School in 1998, and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in 1999.

Roberts retired in 1999, but returned to UCL in 2002 to act as interim Provost following the resignation of his successor, Christopher Llewellyn Smith. He served until the appointment of Malcolm Grant in August 2003.

Roberts died on 17 February 2021, aged 88.

Personal life

Roberts married Winifred Short in 1958. They have two children.

Honours and legacy

Roberts was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1995 he was appointed a Knight Bachelor for services to engineering and to education.

In recognition of his contributions to the faculty, UCL's main Engineering building was named the Roberts Building.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
Academics of University College London
Presidents of the British Science Association
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at the Central Grammar School for Boys
Provosts of University College London
Knights Bachelor
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Graph-tool. graph-tool is a Python module for manipulation and statistical analysis of graphs (AKA  networks). The core data structures and algorithms of graph-tool are implemented in C++, making extensive use of metaprogramming, based heavily on the Boost Graph Library. Many algorithms are implemented in parallel using OpenMP, which provides increased performance on multi-core architectures.

Features 
 Creation and manipulation of directed or undirected graphs.
 Association of arbitrary information to the vertices, edges or even the graph itself, by means of property maps.
 Filter vertices and/or edges "on the fly", such that they appear to have been removed.
 Support for dot, Graph Modelling Language and GraphML formats.
 Convenient and powerful graph drawing based on cairo or Graphviz.
 Support for typical statistical measurements: degree/property histogram, combined degree/property histogram, vertex-vertex correlations, assortativity, average vertex-vertex shortest path, etc. 
 Support for several graph-theoretical algorithms: such as graph isomorphism, subgraph isomorphism, minimum spanning tree, connected components, dominator tree, maximum flow, etc.
 Support for several centrality measures.
 Support for clustering coefficients, as well as network motif statistics and community structure detection.
 Generation of random graphs, with arbitrary degree distribution and correlations.
 Support for well-established network models: Price, Barabási-Albert, Geometric Networks, Multidimensional lattice graph, etc.

Suitability

Graph-tool can be used to work with very large graphs  in a variety of contexts, including simulation of cellular tissue, data mining, analysis of social networks, analysis of P2P systems, large-scale modeling of agent-based systems,
study of academic Genealogy trees, theoretical assessment and modeling of network clustering, large-scale call graph analysis, and analysis of the brain's Connectome.

References

External links

 

Numerical software
Free mathematics software
Free software programmed in Python
Free software programmed in C++
Graph drawing software
Generalized entropy index. The generalized entropy index has been proposed as a measure of income inequality in a population. It is derived from information theory as a measure of redundancy in data. In information theory a measure of  redundancy can be interpreted as  non-randomness or data compression; thus this interpretation also applies to this index. In addition, interpretation of biodiversity as entropy has also been proposed leading to uses of generalized entropy to quantify biodiversity.

Formula 
The formula for general entropy for real values of  is:

where N is the number of cases (e.g., households or families),  is the income for case i and  is a parameter which regulates the weight given to distances between incomes at different parts of the income distribution. For large  the index is especially sensitive to the existence of large incomes, whereas for small  the index is especially sensitive to the existence of small incomes.

Properties
The GE index satisfies the following properties:
 The index is symmetric in its arguments:  for any permutation .
 The index is non-negative, and is equal to zero only if all incomes are the same:  iff  for all .
 The index satisfies the principle of transfers: if a transfer  is made from an individual with income  to another one with income  such that , then the inequality index cannot increase.
 The index satisfies population replication axiom: if a new population is formed by replicating the existing population an arbitrary number of times, the inequality remains the same: 
 The index satisfies mean independence, or income homogeneity, axiom: if all incomes are multiplied by a positive constant, the inequality remains the same:  for any .
 The GE indices are the only additively decomposable inequality indices. This means that overall inequality in the population can be computed as the sum of the corresponding GE indices within each group, and the GE index of the group mean incomes:
 
where  indexes groups, , individuals within groups,  is the mean income in group , and the weights  depend on  and . The class of the additively-decomposable inequality indices is very restrictive. Many popular indices, including Gini index, do not satisfy this property.

Relationship to other indices
An Atkinson index for any inequality aversion parameter can be derived from a generalized entropy index under the restriction that  - i.e. an Atkinson index with high inequality aversion is derived from a GE index with small . 

The formula for deriving an Atkinson index with inequality aversion parameter  under the restriction  is given by:

Note that the generalized entropy index has several income inequality metrics as special cases. For example, GE(0) is the mean log deviation a.k.a. Theil L index, GE(1) is the Theil T index, and GE(2) is half the squared coefficient of variation.

See also 
 Atkinson index
 Gini coefficient
 Hoover index (a.k.a. Robin Hood index)
 Income inequality metrics
 Lorenz curve
 Rényi entropy
 Suits index
 Theil index

References

Income inequality metrics
Information theory
Zuse Institute Berlin. The Zuse Institute Berlin (abbreviated ZIB, or Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin) is a research institute for applied mathematics and computer science on the campus of Freie Universität Berlin in Dahlem, Berlin, Germany.

The ZIB was founded by law as a statutory establishment and as a non-university research institute of the State of Berlin in 1984. In close interdisciplinary cooperation with the Berlin universities and scientific institutions Zuse Institute implements research and development in the field of information technology with a particular focus on application-oriented algorithmic mathematics and practical computer science. ZIB also provides high-performance computer capacity as an accompanying service as part of the Network of high performance computers in Northern Germany (Norddeutscher Verbund von Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnern (HLRN)).

Konrad Zuse, born in Berlin in 1910, is the namesake of the ZIB.

SCIP (optimization software) 

SCIP (Solving Constraint Integer Programs) is a mixed integer programming solver and a framework for branch and cut and branch and price, developed primarily at Zuse Institute Berlin. Unlike most commercial solvers, SCIP gives the user low-level control of and information about the solving process. Run as a standalone solver, it is one of the fastest non-commercial solvers for mixed integer programs.

SCIP is implemented as C callable library.
For user plugins, C++ wrapper classes are provided.
The solver for the LP relaxations is not a native component of SCIP, an open LP interface is provided instead.
Currently supported LP solvers are CLP, CPLEX, MOSEK, SoPlex, and Xpress.
SCIP can be run on Linux, Mac, Sun, and Windows operating systems.

Prior versions of SCIP were distributed under a source-available license that allowed free academic use. Starting from version 8.0.3 the full suite was released under the Apache 2.0 license.

Features 
The design of SCIP is based on the notion of constraints. It supports about 20 constraint types for mixed-integer linear programming, mixed-integer nonlinear programming, mixed-integer all-quadratic programming and Pseudo-Boolean optimization. It can also solve Steiner Trees and multi-objective optimization problems.

Interfaces 

There are several native interface libraries available for SCIP. SCIP can be accessed through the modeling system of GAMS. Interfaces to MATLAB and AMPL are available within the standard distribution. There are also currently externalized interfaces for Python, Java, Julia, and Rust.

References

Further reading 

.

External links 

 Homepage Zuse Institute Berlin

Research institutes in Berlin
Scientific organisations based in Germany
Supercomputer sites
Odo Dam. Odo Dam  is a gravity dam located in Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control, water supply and power production. The catchment area of the dam is 688.9 km2. The dam impounds about 201  hectares of land when full and can store 66 million cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1966 and completed in 1986.

References

Dams in Kōchi Prefecture
Dams completed in 1986
Computer-aided call handling. Computer aided call handling is a methodology for managing calls to service providers, such as emergency services, through the use of computer based algorithms in order to make consistent and objective decisions on action to be taken.  The computer software can provide scripting, prompts or interactive questioning to assist the call handler in gathering information.

The algorithms in the software will depend on the requirements of the service provider, the resources they have available, and the information that may be useful to resources dispatched or assigned to the call.  The output is likely to be a prioritised list of tasks for action, where the action could be passing to another remote service (such as a telephony centre), dispatching a physical resource (such as an ambulance, police car or recovery truck) or closing the call without action.  The advantage in using a computer based system is objectivity in decisions made, meaning a consistent service delivery.

Call handling software can be linked to computer aided dispatch in order that this process is fully integrated, and information from the call handling software is passed directly to dispatch software where appropriate.  This could also mean dispatching services which are not part of the organisation using the call handling software, such as an ambulance control centre automatically dispatching police to a violent incident, without the requirement to involve a further operator.

References

Logistics
Public safety communications
Rans S-10 Sakota. The Rans S-10 Sakota is an American single-engined, tractor configuration, two-seats in side-by-side configuration, mid-wing monoplane designed by Randy Schlitter for aerobatics and manufactured by Rans Inc. The Sakota is available in kit form for amateur construction.

Production of the S-10 was ended as part of Rans' extensive reorganization of its product line on 1 June 2006, after having been available for 18 years, but the S-10 was reintroduced in about 2009 and is again available.

Design and development
The S-9 Chaos was designed by Randy Schlitter in 1986 as an inexpensive single-seat aerobatic aircraft for sportsman competition aerobatics and advanced aerobatics if inverted fuel and oil systems are installed. The S-10 Sakota was designed two years later, in 1988, as a two-seat version of the S-9 that can conduct aerobatics when flown solo or fly cross country with two occupants.

Like many Rans models, the S-10 features a welded 4130 steel tube cockpit, with a bolted aluminum tube rear fuselage. All fuselage, wing and tail surfaces are covered in dope and fabric. The reported construction time is 600 man-hours.

The Sakota has conventional landing gear. The basic engine is the Rotax 582 of  and the Rotax 912UL of  and the Rotax 912ULS of  available as options.

Operational history
There were 215 S-10s built and flown by December 2011.

In November 2010 there were 42 S-10s registered in the United States, along with six registered in Canada and 12 in the UK.  Another 58 were on the registers of European countries west of Russia.

Specifications (S-10)

See also

References

External links

Photo of an S-10 Sakota
Photo of an S-10 Sakota

1980s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
S-010 Sakota
Aerobatic aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1988
Wayne State University Computer Science Department. Wayne State University Department of Computer Science is part of the College of Engineering. The department offers core academic strength in many areas including artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, data mining and machine learning, networking, databases, distributed and parallel computing, computer security, computer graphics and visualizations, and software engineering. 
Undergraduate (Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Arts) and graduate degrees (Master of Science and PhD) in Computer Science, as well as an undergraduate degree in Information Systems Technology and a certificate in Scientific Computing are offered in the department.  In addition, graduate students have the opportunity to complete their Ph.D. work in Computer Science with a concentration in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.

Undergraduate curriculum includes a high degree of hands-on experience with real-world systems, increased personal attention; undergraduate participation in research projects. Undergraduate students have the opportunity to choose among a variety of concentrations including Software Engineering, Databases, Web Technology and Computer Gaming.  Study abroad opportunities are available with European schools including the École Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes, France.

The Department of Computer Science is a major focus for interdisciplinary activities within the university with annual R&D expenditures are between $2 and $3 million.  The department's commitment to community service includes a new joint degree program with Focus: HOPE, as well as offering summer computer camps for middle and high school students.

It is located in the Maccabees Building, in Detroit

References

External links 
 Wayne State University Department of Computer Science

Computer Science Department
Computer science departments in the United States
Science and technology in Michigan
DebugWIRE. debugWIRE is a serial communications protocol, designed by Atmel. It is used for on-chip debugging of AVR microcontrollers.

Protocol 
debugWIRE is designed as a simpler alternative to JTAG, aimed at microcontrollers (MCUs) with limited resources. It is supported by the classic ATtiny and some smaller ATmega MCUs, such as the ATmega328. By using debugWIRE one has full read and write access to all memory and full control over the execution flow. It supports single-step, run-to-cursor, step-out, and software break instructions. A breakpoint (run-to-cursor) will be set by reprogramming the BREAK opcode into the flash memory of the MCU. Care must be taken due to the limited number of guaranteed write cycles (10000) of the device.

Programmer models 
debugWIRE is supported by all modern hardware debuggers from Microchip. This includes Atmel-ICE, JTAGICE3, AVR Dragon, JTAGICE mkII, and SNAP. It is also possible to build a cheap debugWIRE hardware debugger based on an open-source Arduino sketch, using a general USB-Serial adaptor or ATtiny85 board, or a CH552 microcontroller.

debugWIRE specifications 
debugWIRE is activated by setting (programming to zero) of the fuse DWEN (debugWIRE enable), normally located in the high fuse byte. After this action the /RESET pin function isn't available anymore and the ISP protocol cannot be used.
debugWIRE can be disabled with any of the mentioned debuggers by sending a special reset command that disables temporarily the debugWIRE function and reenables /RESET and also ISP until next power down cycle. debugWIRE is not able to program the fuses of a device.
If you want to disable debugWIRE permanently you have to disable the function temporarily and program the fuse using the now available ISP function.
debugWIRE uses a 1 wire open drain serial connection. The default baud rate used is MCU clock/128. Sending a BREAK will return 0x55 which is used to detect the baud rate. The MCU will return a BREAK when a breakpoint is hit or a collision is detected on the debugWIRE connection. 0x06 is used to disable debugWIRE and reenable /RESET and ISP, 0x07 resets the MCU, 0xF0 returns the PC, 0xF3 the debugWIRE ID.

References 

Serial buses
Debugging
OpenL Tablets. OpenL Tablets is a business rule management system (BRMS) and a business rules engine (BRE) based on table representation of rules. Engine implements optimized sequential algorithm. OpenL includes such table types as decision table, decision tree, spreadsheet-like calculator.

History 
The OpenL Tablets project was started as an in-house development project in 2003 and later in 2006 was uploaded to SourceForge.
Initially it was an open-source business rule engine for Java. Starting from version 5 it became a BRMS.

Technology 
OpenL Tablets engine is specially designed for business rules and uses table rules presentation. Table format enforces rules to be structured and format itself is close to tables found in various business documents.

OpenL Tablets is based on OpenL framework for creating custom languages running on Java VM. The engine is designed to allow pluggable language implementations. Currently, it uses 2 languages: table structure for rules format and java-like for code snippets in rules. Java-like language is Java 5.0 implementation with Business User Extensions.

OpenL Tablets rules are mixture of declarative programming for rules logic and imperative programming for workflow control. Table formats are flexible enough to match the semantics of the problem domain.

Tests, traces, benchmarks are integral part of the engine. It also provides powerful type definition capabilities to handle rules domain model inside rules files.

The project is written in Java, but can be used at any platform using Service-oriented architecture approach, e.g. via web service.

Patents 

The OpenL Tablets engine has patent pending validation feature.

There are usages of OpenL Tablets which may be patented.

BRMS 

OpenL Tablets includes several productivity tools and applications addressing BRMS related capabilities. They include web application to edit rules called OpenL WebStudio, web application to deploy rules as web services, Rules Repository to store and manage rules, Eclipse plug-ins to work with rules projects.

Related systems 

 CLIPS: public domain software tool for building expert systems.
 ILOG rules: a business rule management system.
 JBoss Drools: a business rule management system (BRMS).
 JESS: a rule engine for the Java platform - it is a superset of CLIPS programming language.
 Prolog: a general purpose logic programming language.
 DTRules: a Decision Table-based, open-sourced rule engine for Java.

References

External links 
 
 
 
 OpenL Tablets at Eclipse marketplace

Rule engines
Free business software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Cross-platform free software
Software using the GNU Lesser General Public License