omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
FANS-1/A. FANS-1/A design is a range of Future Air Navigation System (FANS) products that allows aircraft to be seen by ATC in areas where radar is not practical so that aircraft separation can be maintained. FANS includes many components from human to avionics hardware and a dedicated network linking Air Traffic Control (ATC) to the flight crew via satellite and landlines. FANS 1/A consists of CPDLC and ADS-C. CPDLC allows communications between the pilot and ATC and ADS-C is an electronic contract, valid through the duration of time the aircraft is in FANS 1/A airspace, offered by ATC and accepted by the flight crew. ADS-C provides aircraft position information to ATC including heading, altitude, airspeed and position.  The communications include air traffic control clearances, pilot requests, and position reporting. FANS-1 is Boeing's solution and FANS-A is the Airbus solution.

The main industry standards describing the operation of FANS-1/A products are ARINC 622 and EUROCAE ED-100/RTCA DO-258. Both the Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 have FANS-1/A capability.

ATC services are now provided to aircraft equipped with FANS-1/A in other Oceanic airspace such as the North Atlantic. Although many of FANS-1/A's known deficiencies with respect to its use in high density airspace were addressed in later versions of the product (FANS-1/A+), it has never been fully adopted for use in continental airspace.

Certification 
For an aircraft and the flight crew to operate in FANS airspace the avionics and flight crew must be certified. AirSatOne has a dedicated FANS 1/A test station connection to the FANS 1/A Datalink backbone which allows the company to perform functionality testing in accordance with RTCA DO-258A/ED-100A and demonstrate compliance with AC 20-140C to support FANS 1/A operational approval. The same FANS 1/A test station is also used to train pilots to operate in FANS 1/A airspace using their actual avionics equipment while safely on the ground.

See also
 Future Air Navigation System (FANS)
 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)

References

External links
FANS-1/A Introduction.

Air traffic control
Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate. Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate (DNPO) is a source of 1,2-dioxetanedione, a chemical used in glow sticks.  Other chemicals related to DNPO used in glow sticks include bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) and bis(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-6-carbopentoxyphenyl)oxalate (CPPO).

References

Oxalate esters
Nitrobenzene derivatives
Phenol esters
Chemiluminescence
Hafei Aviation. Hafei Aviation Industry Co Ltd () () is a Chinese manufacturer of light airplanes, helicopters and aerospace parts. While located in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province the company also has a presence in Beijing.

Hafei Aviation is a publicly traded subsidiary of the Harbin Aviation Industry (Group) Co Ltd,  a company that also has a joint venture with Airbus to make A320 composite materials components and work on the A350 XWB.

References

External links
Hafei Official Page 
The New EC 120 Assembly Line in China Heralds a Step Forward in terms of Co-operation between Eurocopter, CATIC and Hafei Aviation Industry Co. Ltd. EADS
Chinese to Partner on Boeing Airplanes, 7E7 Dreamliner Boeing

Aerospace companies of China
Elbrus 2000. The Elbrus 2000 (or e2k; ) is a Russian 512-bit wide VLIW microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by TSMC.

It supports two instruction set architectures (ISA): Elbrus VLIW and Intel x86 (a complete, system-level implementation with a software dynamic binary translation virtual machine, similar to Transmeta Crusoe).

Due to its unique architecture, the Elbrus 2000 can execute 20 instructions per clock, so even with its modest clock speed it can compete with much faster clocked superscalar microprocessors when running in native VLIW mode. For security reasons, the Elbrus 2000 architecture implements dynamic data type-checking during execution. In order to prevent unauthorized access, each pointer has additional type information that is verified when the associated data is accessed.

Supported operating systems
 Natively, running directly on Elbrus ISA:
 Linux
 Sukhoi OS RV BagrOS-4000, ARINC 653 and POSIX real-time OS. A replacement for foreign RTOS, as Integrity, PikeOS, QNX or VxWorks.
 Embox
 Via binary translation of x86 or x86-64 ISA:
 Linux
 MS-DOS, Windows 95
 Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 7
 QNX

Elbrus 2000 information

Comparative

Note: in the "Year" column the date of completion of the development work on the creation of the "microcircuit" is indicated. The appearance on the market of ready-made computing modules and machines takes at least 1 year, and multiprocessor systems and complex computing systems – at least 2 years.

Successors
 Elbrus-2S+, produced 2011 by TSMC Taiwan
 Elbrus-2SM, pilot production 2014 by Mikron Russia
 Elbrus-4S, ready for serial production 2014
 Elbrus-8S, produced 2015 by TSMC Taiwan

References

External links
 Video of booting Windows 2000 on Elbrus microprocessor
 Specifications of E2K at MSCT (In Russian)
 Architecture of E2K  (In Russian)

Russian inventions
Very long instruction word computing
VLIW microprocessors
Port Townsend Aero Museum. Port Townsend Aero Museum is an aviation museum located at Jefferson County International Airport in Port Townsend, Washington.

History
The museum was founded in 2001 by Jerry and Peggy Thoutte with six flyable aircraft. The museum was initially located in a number of hangars at the airport, but moved into a new building in 2008. The Thouttes retired from daily operations in 2016 and Michael Payne took over as director. The museum acquired eight aircraft from the North Cascades Vintage Aircraft Museum when the latter closed in 2018.

On April 28, 2019, a PT-17 Stearman biplane that belonged to the museum made an emergency landing on a beach in Discovery Bay, Washington after an in flight engine failure. The forced landing onto the narrow sloping beach resulted in significant damage to the airframe, but caused only minor injuries for the pilot and passenger.

Construction on a  expansion of the museum was in progress in 2022.

Aircraft on display

 Aeronca C-3B Master
 Aeronca 7AC Champion
 Aeronca L-3
 Beechcraft C17B Staggerwing
 Boeing P-12C – Replica
 Bowlus BA-100 Baby Albatross
 CallAir A-2
 Cessna 140
 Corben Baby Ace
 Curtiss-Wright Junior
 de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk
 Dormoy Bathtub
 Fairchild 22 C7B
 Fairchild 24W40
 Fairchild M62 – Painted as a PT-19B
 Howard DGA-4 – Replica
 Laister-Kauffman LK-10A
 Mooney M-18LA Mite
 Pietenpol Sky Scout
 Piper J3C-65 Cub
 Rose Parrakeet
 Schleicher Ka 6E
 Stinson SM-8A Junior
 Taylorcraft B
 Taylorcraft BC-12-D
 Travel Air 2000

References

 https://web.archive.org/web/20190109224333/http://www.ptaeromuseum.com/collection_aircraft.html

External links
Official website

Aero museum
Museums in Jefferson County, Washington
Aerospace museums in Washington (state)
Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707. Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 707 was an international passenger flight on the route of: Asunción–Formosa–Corrientes–Rosario–Buenos Aires, which on February 4, 1970, the Avro 748-105 Srs. 1 that was operating the flight at the time, crashed near the city of Loma Alta, Chaco, Argentina due to severe turbulence. All 37 occupants onboard the flight were killed.

Aircraft 
The aircraft that was operating the flight at the time was a Avro 748-105 Srs. 1, MSN 1539 and was registered LV-HYW. The aircraft was manufactured in 1961, 9 years prior and had logged 19049 hours and 15739 flights.

Description 
While en route on its third leg between Camba Puntá Airport (now Doctor Fernando Piragine Niveyro International Airport) in Corrientes and Fisherton Airport (now Islas Malvinas International Airport) in Rosario, the aircraft flew into a cumulonimbus cloud; the pilots lost control of the aircraft after it encountered severe turbulence, the plane entered a left bank of 90 degrees and entered a 45-degree dive, it then crashed into the ground. All 37 occupants of the aircraft (33 passengers and 4 crew members) perished in the accident.

Cause 
The cause of the accident was found to be loss of control of the airplane and collision with terrain when encountering a zone with adverse meteorological conditions and severe turbulence.

See also 

Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents

References

External links
 Final report – Junta de Investigaciones de Accidentes de Aviación Civil  (Archive)

1970 meteorology
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1970
Aviation accidents and incidents in Argentina
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
Accidents and incidents involving the Hawker Siddeley HS 748
Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents
February 1970 in South America
Caproni Ca.49. The Caproni Ca.49 was a proposed Italian seaplane airliner of 1919.

Development
In 1919, the Caproni company designed the Ca.49, a passenger seaplane intended for use as an airliner. The proposed aircraft would have been a four-engine triplane, with three engines driving tractor propellers and one driving a pusher propeller. Although no specific engine selection was made, Caproni envisioned the four engines as being rated at between 224 and 279 kilowatts (300 and 375 horsepower) each. Passengers would have been carried in an enclosed cabin.

No examples of the Ca.49 were built.

Specifications (Ca.49 estimated)

See also

References

Ca.049
1910s Italian airliners
Triplanes
Flying boats
Four-engined push-pull aircraft
Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile. The Lightweight Exo-atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) is a lightweight miniaturized kinetic kill vehicle designed to destroy incoming ballistic missiles both inside  or outside the Earth's atmosphere. The warhead is delivered to the interception point by a system such as the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System.

History 
Development began in 1985 by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, which pioneered the development of miniaturized kill vehicle technology. It was originally created by the now-defunct Hughes Aircraft Company; the modern versions are developed and built by Raytheon.

See also 
 Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle

References 

Missile defense
Woodhouseite. Woodhouseite belongs to the beudantite group AB3(XO4)(SO4)(OH)6 where A = Ba, Ca, Pb or Sr, B = Al or Fe and X = S, As or P.  Minerals in this group are isostructural with each other and also with minerals in the crandallite and alunite groups. They crystallise in the rhombohedral system with space group Rm and crystals are usually either tabular {0001} or pseudo-cubic to pseudo-cuboctahedral.
Woodhouseite was named after Professor Charles Douglas Woodhouse (1888–1975), an American mineralogist and mineral collector from the University of California, Santa Barbara, US, and one-time General Manager of Champion Sillimanite, Inc.

Environment 
Woodhouseite is a secondary mineral found where wall rock alteration occurred in hydrothermal and disseminated ore deposits; rare in cave deposits, formed from guano.  At the type locality it occurs in vugs in quartz veins in an andalusite, Al2OSiO4, deposit.  This is in pre-Cambrian meta-quartzite that has been intruded by late Jurassic granitic rocks.  Woodhouseite is found only near masses of lazulite, MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2.
Associated Minerals at the type locality include topaz, Al2SiO4F2, quartz, SiO2, augelite, Al2PO4(OH)3, lazulite, MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2, tourmaline, baryte, BaSO4, muscovite, KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2, and pyrophyllite, Al2Si4O10(OH)2, all of which formed before the woodhouseite, which is a late-forming mineral.

Localities 

The type locality is the Champion Mine (White Mountain Mine), White Mountain, Laws, White Mountains, Mono County, California, US.  This is a former sillimanite mine located near Laws; mineralisation is a metamorphic sillimanite deposit hosted in quartzite.

Structure 

Space Group: R 2/m
Unit Cell Parameters: a = 6.993 Å, c = 16.386 Å, Z: 3

References 

Aluminium minerals
Calcium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Trigonal minerals
Minerals in space group 166
Beudantite group
Olifantsnek Dam. Olifantsnek Dam, is an arch type dam located on the Hex River, near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. It was established in 1929. The dam has a capacity of  and a surface area of , the wall is , and has a length of . The dam serves mainly for irrigation purposes and its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

See also
 List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa

References 

Dams in South Africa
Buildings and structures in North West (South African province)
Dams completed in 1928
1928 establishments in South Africa
Crazy Stone (software). Crazy Stone (Champion Go on iOS and Android platforms) is a Go playing engine, developed by Rémi Coulom, a French computer scientist. It is one of the first computer Go programs to utilize a modern variant of the Monte Carlo tree search. It is part of the Computer Go effort. In January 2012 Crazy Stone was rated as 5 dan on KGS, in March 2014 as 6 dan.

History

Coulom began writing Crazy Stone in July 2005, and at the outset incorporated the Monte Carlo algorithm in its design. Early versions were initially available to download as freeware from his website, albeit no longer. Pattern recognition and searching was added in 2006, and later that year Crazy Stone took part in its first tournament, winning a gold medal in the 9×9 competition at the 11th Computer Olympiad. Coulom subsequently entered the program into the 12th Computer Olympiad the following year, winning bronze in the 9x9 and silver in the 19×19 competitions.

However, Crazy Stone's most significant accomplishment was to defeat Kaori Aoba, a professional Japanese 4 dan, in an 8-stone handicap match in 2008. In doing so, the engine became the first to officially defeat an active professional in Japan with a handicap of less than nine stones. Three months later, on 12 December 2008, Crazy Stone defeated Aoba again in a 7-stone match.

In March 2013, Crazy Stone beat Yoshio Ishida, Japanese 9-dan former Honinbo Meijin, in a 19×19 game with four handicap stones.

On March 21, 2014, at the second annual Densei-sen competition, Crazy Stone defeated Norimoto Yoda, Japanese professional 9-dan, in a 19×19 game with four handicap stones by a margin of 2.5 points.

Performance
29/05/2006 - Gold medal in the 9x9 tournament at the 11th Computer Olympiad, Turin.
01/06/2006 - Finished 5th in the 19x19 tournament at the 11th Computer Olympiad, Turin.
13/06/2007 - Bronze medal in the 9x9 tournament at the 12th Computer Olympiad, Amsterdam.
17/06/2007 - Silver medal in the 19x19 tournament at the 12th Computer Olympiad, Amsterdam.
02/12/2007 - Won the first Computer Go UEC Cup.
04/09/2008 - Defeated Kaori Aoba in an 8-stone handicap match.
14/12/2008 - Won the second Computer Go UEC Cup.
14/12/2008 - Defeated Kaori Aoba in a 7-stone handicap match.
29/11/2009 - Finished 9th in the third Computer Go UEC Cup.

Notes

Further reading

External links
 Crazy Stone website

Go engines
Scheutzow Bee. 

The Scheutzow Model B or Scheutzow Bee was a two-seat utility helicopter developed in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Development
The aircraft was designed by Webb Scheutzow around a new type of rotorhead that he had developed, the FLEXIHUB. In this system, the two main rotor blades were mounted in rubber bushes, reducing vibration and requiring no lubrication. The design was otherwise entirely conventional, consisting of a cabin with two seats arranged side-by-side, a centrally-mounted engine and rotor mast, and an open-truss tail boom of triangular section that carried a two-blade tail rotor. The undercarriage consisted of skids. The frame was constructed of welded steel tube and the cabin was constructed of sheet metal. Power was transmitted from the engine to the rotor by a series of belts, eliminating the need for a gearbox and minimizing cabin noise.

The prototype (registration N564A) first flew on 26 January 1967 and Scheutzow initially planned to have flight testing for type certification completed by the end of the year. At the time, Scheutzow hoped to sell the helicopter for somewhere in the region of $10,000–$12,000, although the following year, the estimated price rose to $16,700. Scheutzow still hoped that the helicopter would be in production the following year and planned to build 191 examples in 1969. However, the flight test program to obtain type certification did not commence until 1971. Certification tests were almost complete by the end of 1973, at which point funding ran out. Testing resumed again in February 1975 and the Bee was certified in May 1976. Development was abandoned during the 1970s after only four examples were built.

Specifications

Notes

References
 Federal Aviation Administration (1976) Type Certificate Data Sheet No. HIGL. Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration.
 
 
 Scheutzow, Wilbur J. (1966) U.S. Patent No. 3,231,222. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
 
 
 

1960s United States civil utility aircraft
1960s United States helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1967
RascalMPL. Rascal is a domain-specific language for metaprogramming and language oriented programming, such as static code analysis, program transformation, program generation and implementation of domain-specific languages. It is a general meta language in the sense that it does not have a bias for any particular software language. It includes primitives from relational calculus and term rewriting. Its syntax and semantics are based on procedural (imperative) and functional programming.

Generating Integrated development environments 

 Rascal derives Eclipse_(software) plugins for any Rascal-implemented software language
 Rascal derives VScode extensions based on the Language_Server_Protocol for any Rascal-implemented software language

See also 

 ASF+SDF
 Stratego/XT
 DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit
 ANTLR
 Source-to-source compiler
 Racket programming language

References

External links 
 http://www.rascal-mpl.org

Term-rewriting programming languages
Extensible syntax programming languages
Programming language implementation
Transformation languages
Language workbench
SeaBIOS. SeaBIOS is an open-source implementation of an x86 BIOS, serving as a freely available firmware for x86 systems. Aiming for compatibility, it supports standard BIOS features and calling interfaces that are implemented by a typical proprietary x86 BIOS. SeaBIOS can either run on bare hardware as a coreboot payload, or can be used directly in emulators such as QEMU and Bochs.

Initially, SeaBIOS was based on the open-source BIOS implementation included with the Bochs emulator. The project was created with intentions to allow native usage on x86 hardware, and to be based on an improved and more easily extendable internal source code implementation.

Features
Features supported by SeaBIOS include the following:

 Graphical bootsplash screen (JPEG and BMP)
 USB keyboard and mouse support
 USB Mass Storage boot support
 USB Attached SCSI boot support
 ATA support
 AHCI support
 NVMe support
 El Torito optical disc drive boot support
 BIOS Boot Specification (BBS)
 Rebooting on Control-Alt-Delete key press
 Network booting support e.g. iPXE or gPXE
 Logical block addressing (LBA)
 POST Memory Manager (PMM)
 Paravirtualization, Xen HVM, VirtIO
 Coreboot Payloads (LZMA compressed)
 PCI Firmware Specification
 SeaBIOS as a Compatibility Support Module (CSM) for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and Open Virtual Machine Firmware (OVMF)
 Virtual machine host notification of paravirtualized guests which panic via the pvpanic driver
 A patch exists to load the SLIC table from a licensed OEM Windows BIOS.
 Trusted Platform Module
 Enhanced Disk Drive (EDD) (INT 13H extensions)
 e820 memory map
 Protected mode interfaces, e.g. APM, Legacy PnP, DMI, MPS, SMBIOS, VBE, and ACPI
 System Management Mode

It does not support ESCD. SeaBIOS does not support either Intel ME or AMD PSP or their modules.

SeaBIOS's boot device selection menu can be accessed by pressing  during the boot process.

Uses
SeaBIOS can run natively on x86 hardware, in which case it is usually loaded as a coreboot payload; it can run on 386 and newer processors, and requires a minimum of 1 MB of RAM.  SeaBIOS also runs inside an emulator; it is the default BIOS for the QEMU and KVM virtualization environments, and can be used with the Bochs emulator. It is also included in some Chromebooks, although it is not used by ChromeOS.

Development
Most of the SeaBIOS source code is written in C, with its build system relying on the standard GNU toolchain. SeaBIOS has been tested with various bootloaders and operating systems, including GNU GRUB, LILO, SYSLINUX, Microsoft Windows, Linux, FreeDOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.

See also

 BIOS features comparison
 TianoCore

References

External links
 
 Find your way through the x86 firmware maze covers the SeaBIOS boot sequence and memory maps

2008 software
Free BIOS implementations
Free software programmed in C
Open-source firmware
Richard William Allen. Sir Richard William Allen  (1 February 1867 – 17 July 1955) was a Welsh mechanical engineer.

Allen was born in Cardiff, the son of William Henry Allen, and was educated at Christ College, Finchley. He received a private technical education and was apprenticed for four years at his father's firm. He worked as a draughtsman with John Elder and Co. in Glasgow, and then with the Naval Construction and Armaments Co. at Barrow in Furness. In 1890, he visited the United States, and returned as assistant manager at W. H. Allen and Co. When the company's works were transferred to Bedford in 1894, he became a partner and later managing director.

Allen was one of the founders of Bedfordshire County Cricket Club in 1899 and was Honorary Secretary until 1919 and President from 1953 till his death.

Allen was awarded the C.B.E. in 1918 and became chairman of W H Allen and co on the death of his father in 1926. He became  President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1928. He was knighted in 1942.

References

1867 births
1955 deaths
Engineers  from Cardiff
English mechanical engineers
English cricket administrators
English knights
Knights Bachelor
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
3300. 3300 or variant, may refer to:

In general
 A.D. 3300, a year in the 4th millennium CE
 3300 BC, a year in the 4th millennium BCE
 3300, a number in the 3000 (number) range

Products
 International 3300, a bus model usually used as a school bus

Electronics
 CDC 3300, a mainframe computer in the CDC 3000 series
 Datapoint 3300, one of the first computer terminals
 Nokia 3300, a cellphone
 Wang 3300, a minicomputer from Wang Laboratories

Motor Engines
 CAMit 3300, an aero engine
 GM 3300 engine, an automotive engine
 Jabiru 3300, an aero engine

Rail
 GWR 3300 Class steam locomotive class

 Keisei 3300 series electric multiple unit train class
 Meitetsu 3300 series electric multiple unit train class
 NS 3300 steam locomotive class
 Queensland Railways 3300 class electric locomotive class

Other uses
 3300 McGlasson, an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt, the 3300th asteroid registered
 3300 (District of Gramsh), one of the postal codes in Albania

See also

 , a WWI U.S. Navy cargo ship
5100. 5100 may refer to:

Time
 A.D. 5100, a year in the 6th millennium CE
 5100 BC, a year in the 6th millennium BCE

Products
 Atari 5100, a home videogame console
 GWR 5100 Class, a class of side tank steam locomotive
 Hankyu 5100 series, an electric multiple unit train class
 IBM 5100 (IBM Portable Computer), one of the first portable computers
 Jabiru 5100, an aircraft engine
 JGR Class 5100, a class of steam locomotive
 Nokia 5100, a GSM cellphone

Other uses
 5100 Pasachoff, an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt, the 5100th asteroid registered
 5100, a number in the 5000 (number) range

See also