omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
David B. Williams (materials scientist). David Bernard Williams was the dean of the College of Engineering at the Ohio State University from 2011-2021.  He was previously the fifth president of the University of Alabama in Huntsville in Huntsville, Alabama from March 2007 until April 2011, and Vice Provost for Research and Harold Chambers Senior Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Williams was born in Leeds, England, and holds B.A., M.A., Ph.D., and Sc.D. degrees from the University of Cambridge where he also won four Blues in rugby and athletics.

His research and teaching interests’ include: 
 Analytical/Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (X-ray microanalysis, electron energy-loss spectrometry and convergent-beam electron diffraction)
 Applications to interfacial segregation and bonding changes
 Texture and phase-diagram determination in metals and alloys for aerospace and power-generation
 Structure determination in glasses

Together with C. Barry Carter he is the co-author of a 4-volume textbook entitled Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science. held in over 340 libraries, as well as co-editor of two other books.  He is author or co-author of 207 peer-reviewed journals and articles as listed by Scopus, and the former editor  of Acta Materialia and the Journal of Microscopy.

Honors
 Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (U.K.), 1977
 Fellow of the Institute of Metals (U.K.), 1985–1996
 Fellow of American Society for Materials International, 1988
 President of the Microbeam Analysis Society, 1991–1992
 President of the International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies, 1994–2000
 Fellow of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society
 Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) Cambridge University, 2001
 American Welding Society, Warren F. Savage Memorial Award  for the best paper published in the Welding Journal, 2004
 First recipient of the Duncumb Award of the Microbeam Analysis Society, 2007
 Fellow of the Microscopy Society of America, 2010
 Honorary Member of the Microbeam Analysis Society, 2014

References

Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English emigrants to the United States
Fellows of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
Lehigh University faculty
Living people
Ohio State University faculty
Presidents of the University of Alabama in Huntsville
Scientists from Leeds
Year of birth missing (living people)
Erik Winfree. Erik Winfree (born September 26, 1969) is an American applied computer scientist, bioengineer, and professor at California Institute of Technology.  He is a leading researcher into DNA computing and DNA nanotechnology.

In 1998, Winfree in collaboration with Nadrian Seeman published the creation of two-dimensional lattices of DNA tiles using the "double crossover" motif. These tile-based structures provided the capability to implement DNA computing, which was demonstrated by Winfree and Paul Rothemund in 2004, and for which they shared the 2006 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology.

In 1999, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.

He received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Chicago in 1991 and a Doctor of Philosophy from the California Institute of Technology in 1998. For his doctoral studies, he enrolled in the Computation and Neural Systems program at Caltech under advisors John Hopfield and Al Barr. He was a Lewis Thomas Postdoctoral Fellow in Molecular Biology at Princeton University.  He was a 2000 MacArthur Fellow. His father Arthur Winfree, a theoretical biologist, was also a MacArthur Fellow.

Works
DNA Based Computers V: Dimacs Workshop DNA Based Computers V June 14–15, 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Editors Erik Winfree, David K. Gifford, AMS Bookstore, 2000, 
Evolution as computation: DIMACS workshop, Princeton, January 1999, Editors Laura Faye Landweber, Erik Winfree, Springer, 2002, 
"DNA Computing by Self-Assembly", Ninth Annual Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering, National Academies Press, 2004, 
Algorithmic Bioprocesses, Editors Anne Condon, David Harel, Joost N. Kok, Arto Salomaa, Erik Winfree, Springer, 2009,

References

External links

"Erik Winfree" , Scientific Commons
AAAS Member Spotlight: Erik Winfree studies the computational components of DNA

Living people
California Institute of Technology faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Princeton University fellows
MacArthur Fellows
American computer scientists
American bioengineers
DNA nanotechnology people
1969 births
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Istanbul Technical University Fuat Kulunk High Voltage Laboratory. ITU Fuat Kulunk High Voltage Laboratory, located in Gumussuyu, Istanbul, is a high voltage laboratory that belongs to Istanbul Technical University. It is the first and largest high voltage laboratory in Turkey, largest university high voltage laboratory in the world and is one of the largest of Europe. The Laboratory consists of three main blocks. It was founded by Prof. Dr. Franz Doppler in 1938 and reorganized by Prof. Dr. Fuat Kulunk, who is also the first dean of school of electrical and electronics engineering, in 1945. It was later upgraded to its current level by Professor Izzet Gonenc.

 Impulse Voltage Laboratory
 Test set: Impulse voltage generator (1 MV, 10 kJ).
 Alternating Voltage Laboratory
 Test set: High voltage transformer (300 kV, 50 Hz, 50 kVA).
 Shielded High Voltage Room
 Test set: High voltage transformer (100 kV, 50 Hz, 20 kVA),
 Impulse generator
 The impulse equipment consists of a 3600 kV, 180 kJ impulse generator
 Alternating Voltage Set
 The 50 Hz equipment consists of a 1200 kV, 1000 kVA test transformer.
 DC Voltage Supply
 The ratings of dc high voltage generator set are 1 MV and 10 mA.
 Tesla Transformer
 The ratings of a Tesla Transformer are 400–500 kV, 150–300 kHz.

External links
 ITU Fuat Kulunk High Voltage Laboratory website
 Gallery

Istanbul Technical University
Laboratories in Turkey
Tochmaland, Kollum. Tochmaland is a smock mill in Kollum, Friesland, Netherlands, which was built in 1893. The mill has been restored to working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 23743.

History

Tochmaland was built in to drain the  Tochmaland polder. It was originally the sawmill Welgelegen, Veendam, Groningen. The mill was moved by millwright J B Donders of Tilburg, North Brabant, who had quoted a lower price for the move than millwrights from Kollum. It was formerly fitted with four patent sails. The mill ceased working in 1946 when the windshaft broke and repair was deemed too expensive. A brick shed containing an electrically driven Archimedes' screw was erected next to the mill.

A proposal to demolish the mill was rejected by the mayor of the gemeente Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland. On 30 December 1948, the mill was purchased by the gemeente. Restorations were undertaken in 1949, 1963 and 1983. since 1995, an electric motor has been installed in Tochmaland to drive its Archimedes' screw, and the installation in the brick shed demolished.

Description

Tochmaland is what the Dutch describe as an Grondzeiler. It is a two-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There is no stage, the sails reaching down almost to ground level. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are thatched. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron windshaft which was cast by H J Koning, Foxham, Groningen, in 1912. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel which has 63 cogs. This drives the wallower (33 cogs) at  the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the crown wheel, which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 41 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is  diameter. The screw is  diameter and  long. It is inclined at 19½°. Each revolution of the screw lifts  of water.

Public access
Tochmaland is open on Saturday mornings from 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.

References

Windmills in Friesland
Windmills completed in 1893
Smock mills in the Netherlands
Windpumps in the Netherlands
Rijksmonuments in Friesland
Octagonal buildings in the Netherlands
HP-17B. HP-17B is an algebraic entry financial and business calculator manufactured by Hewlett-Packard, introduced on 4 January 1988 along with the HP-19B, HP-27S and the HP-28S. It was a simplified business model, like the 19B. There were two versions, the US one working in English only, and the international one with a choice of six languages (English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese).

HP-17B 
HP-17B code name was Trader and it belonged to the Pioneer series of Hewlett-Packard calculators. It had a 131×16 LCD dot matrix, 22×2 characters, menu-driven display, used a Saturn processor and had a memory of 8000 bytes, of which 6750 bytes were available to the user for variable and equation storage. The HP-17B had a clock with alarm that allowed for basic agenda capabilities, as well an infrared port for printing to some Hewlett-Packard infrared printers.

HP 17BII 
The 17B was replaced by the HP 17BII (F1638A) (code name Trader II) in January 1990, which added RPN entry.

HP 17bII+ 
The 17BII was replaced by the HP 17bII+ in 2003. Two significantly different case variants of the 17bII+ exist. The newer 17bII+ (F2234A), introduced in 2007, with Sunplus Technology SPLB31A CPU was developed and is manufactured by Kinpo Electronics.

References

External links
HP page of Christoph Gießelink scripts for the HP-17B and more
 

17B
17B
Sunplus
Frame (nautical). In ships, frames are ribs that are transverse bolted or welded to the keel. Frames support the hull and give the ship its shape and strength.

In wooden shipbuilding, each frame is composed of several sections, so that the grain of the wood can follow the curve of the frame. Starting from the keel, these are the floor (which crosses the keel and joins the frame to the keel), the first futtock, the second futtock, the top timber, and the rail stanchion. In steel shipbuilding, the entire frame can be formed in one piece by rivetting or welding sections; in this case the floor remains a separate piece, joining the frame on each side to the keel.

Frame numbers are the numerical values given to the frames. Frame numbers typically begin at 1 with the forward-most frame for US-built ships, and typically begin at 0 with the transom for ships built elsewhere, with numbers increasing sequentially towards the stern or bow, respectively. The total number vary per the length of a ship. Frame numbers tell you where you are in relation to either the bow or the stern of the ship.

The frames support lengthwise members which run parallel to the keel, from the bow to the stern; these may variously be called stringers, strakes, or clamps.  The clamp supports the transverse deck beams, on which the deck is laid.

References

Further reading

External links
Navy Ship Compartment Numbering

Nautical terminology
Shipbuilding
British Compressed Gases Association. The British Compressed Gases Association is the UK's trade association for companies in the industrial, medical and food gases industry. BCGA was established in August 1971, succeeding the British Acetylene Association, which was formed in 1901.

Overview
The BCGA represents companies that make, supply or distribute industrial, medical and food gases in the UK, who sell related equipment, install distribution systems and who are providers of specialist health, safety, quality, inspection and training services.  It represents the interests of 100+ member companies.  It is primarily a safety and technical Trade Association, in support of which it provides many well-regarded best practice documents and advice on its website.

Standards
The gases industry uses many standards and its members are represented at safety standards organisations such as BSI, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Structure
The head Offices is based in Derby.

Its members include all the major gas suppliers in the UK and many SME's.

See also
 British Compressed Air Society

External links
Official Website
Specialty Gas

Industrial gas companies
Organisations based in Derby
Organizations established in 1971
Chemical companies of the United Kingdom
1971 establishments in the United Kingdom
Trade associations based in the United Kingdom
Zaria Airport. Zaria Airport  is an airport serving Zaria, a city in the Kaduna State of Nigeria. The airport is  north of the city. Nigerian College of Aviation Technology NCAT is based on the grounds of the airport.
There are no scheduled airline operations at the airport. The airport is for training students to become pilots. It is an institution of aviation technology which is controlled by the federal government to control the affairs of the College of Technology.

The Zaria non-directional beacon (Ident: ZA) is on the field.

History 

The Nigerian College of Aviation Technology Zaria was set up in 1964 responsible for training pilots, air traffic controllers, aircraft maintenance engineers, aeronautical telecommunication engineers, cabin crew, flight dispatchers, and other aviation professionals.

See also

Transport in Nigeria
List of airports in Nigeria

References

External links
OurAirports - Zaria
SkyVector - Zaria

Airports in Nigeria
Kaduna State
Zaria
Substrate (building). The word substrate comes from the Latin  sub - stratum  meaning 'the level below' and refers to any material existing or extracted from beneath the topsoil, including sand, chalk and clay.
 The term is also used for materials used in building foundations or else incorporated into plaster, brick, ceramic and concrete components, which are sometimes called 'filler' products.

See also
Firestop
Sealant
Caulking
Paint

References

Civil engineering
Kudzu (computer daemon). Kudzu is a computer hardware probing program (written by Red Hat) which relies on a library of hardware device information.  It is not to be confused with kudzu, a vine-like plant.

Description
When the computer boots, kudzu detects changes in the running system's hardware configuration, if any, and activates the newly detected hardware (or removal of hardware). kudzu only runs at boot time, and then exits. There is no performance penalty during normal operation.  (Since Fedora release 9, kudzu is superseded by HAL) kudzu detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system.

When started, kudzu detects the current hardware, and checks it against a database stored in /etc/sysconfig/hwconf, if one exists. It then determines if any hardware has been added or removed from the system. If so, it gives the users the opportunity to configure any added hardware, and unconfigure any removed hardware. It then updates the database in /etc/sysconfig/hwconf. If no previous database exists, kudzu attempts to determine what devices have already been configured, by looking at /etc/modprobe.conf, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/, and /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Options usage
 
—help, -?
    Print help information. 
-q, --quiet
    Run 'quietly'; do only configuration that doesn't require user input. 
-s, --safe
    Do only 'safe' probes that won't disturb hardware. Currently, this disables the serial probe, the DDC monitor probe, and the PS/2 probe. 
-t, --timeout [seconds]
    This sets the timeout for the initial dialog. If no key is pressed before the timeout elapses, kudzu exits, and /etc/sysconfig/hwconf is not updated. 
-k, --kernel [version]
    When determining whether a module exists, use the specified kernel version. (If this is not set, it defaults to the current kernel version.) Do not specify suffixes such as 'smp' or 'summit'; these are automatically searched. 
-b, --bus [bus]
    Only probe on the specified bus. 
-c, --class [class]
    Only probe for the specified class. 
-f, --file [file]
    Read hardware probe info from file file and do not do an actual probe. 
-p, --probe
    Print probe information to the screen, and do not actually configure or unconfigure any devices.

Files

/etc/sysconfig/hwconf
    Listing of current installed hardware. 
/etc/sysconfig/kudzu
    Configuration for the boot-time hardware probe. Set 'SAFE' to something other than 'no' to force only safe probes. 
/etc/modprobe.conf
    Module configuration file. 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*
    Network interface configuration files.

Bugs

The serial probe will disturb any currently in-use devices, and returns odd results if used on machines acting as serial consoles. On some older graphics cards, the DDC probe can do strange things.

Running kudzu to configure network adapters post-boot after the network has started may have unintended results.

References

External links
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Features/NoMoreKudzu

Free utility software
Red Hat software
Linux process- and task-management-related software
No. 528 Squadron RAF. No. 528 Squadron RAF was a radar calibration unit of the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, active from June 1943 until September 1944.

History
No. 528 Squadron was formed on 28 June 1943 at RAF Filton for radar calibration duties in the West Country, using Bristol Blenheims and de Havilland Hornet Moths. On 15 May 1944 the squadron moved north to RAF Digby, Lincolnshire for similar tasks, until it was disbanded on 1 September 1944 by being absorbed into No. 527 Squadron RAF.

Aircraft operated

Squadron bases

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 528 Squadron history at MOD site
 Squadron histories for nos. 521–540 sqn at RafWeb's Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation

528 Squadron
Military units and formations established in 1943
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
Puente de la Pólvora. El Puente de la Pólvora (Spanish for the Black-powder Bridge) was a metallic bridge with stone abutments spanning the Segura River. The structure was completed with five stone arches on the left side of the bridge designed to span the river flood plain. Built between 1870 and 1877 in the vicinity of Javalí Viejo and Alcantarilla, in the Región de Murcia (Spain), the bridge was designed by the civil engineers Manuel Pardo Sánchez-Salvador (for the stone structure) and José Caunedo Sánchez (for the metallic structure). Both structures were built by Pedro Díaz Sánchez y Francisco Peña y Baquero respectively.

The bridge was originally built to allow the transit of black powder convoys arriving from the neighbouring military factory and heading to the Port of Cartagena. Prior to the construction of the bridge, these dangerous convoys had to pass periodically through the city of Murcia in order to cross the river by the only existing bridge over the Segura in the vicinity: El Puente de los Peligros. Until the construction of the bridge, the inhabitants of Murcia complained repeatedly about the risk that those black powder transports meant for the city.

In 1975, the metallic structure was dismantled and sold as scrap due to the construction, in 1974, of a reinforced concrete bridge few meters upstream. Later on, the right abutment was demolished during the channelling of the river. The left abutment and the five stone arches still remain in place and are currently used to access the river channelling service road.

References

Bibliography 
 
 

Bridges in Murcia
Angel gilding. Angel gilding is gilding glass or gold plating by electroless chemical deposition.

Gold chloride is dissolved in water, mixed with other chemicals and poured on clean glass that has been treated with stannous chloride. The gold layer is delicate and usually translucent. To make an opaque, affordable and adherent mirror, a layer of silver is deposited over the gold. Glass gilders use the term angel gilding to distinguish the chemical process from gold leaf gilding also known as verre églomisé.

History 
Justus von Liebig, widely credited with inventing the modern process for silvering glass, also worked on gilding glass with gold chloride. James Pratt, a British glass worker, was the first to realize that he could make affordable gold mirrors by depositing a layer of silver on top of the gold. He was granted a British patent in 1885. Gold mirrors and gold mirrored signs were very popular in English public houses (pubs) in the late Victorian era and many wonderful examples of the art can be found all over Britain today. Felix Andres, a sign painter in San Francisco, introduced a process for spray gilding glass in 1923, but the fashion for elaborate detail in signs was changing to the modern neon style and his business was not successful.

Stained glass in Chicago 
Angel gilding was widely used by Chicago's stained glass studios in the 1920s and 30s to make a distinctive style of stained glass for Chicago's historic bungalows. These Prairie Style windows have a clear glass background with the designs picked out in opalescent glass and double-sided gold mirror. To make the double-sided gold mirror the studios angel gilded large sheets of thin (1.6 mm, or 0.06 inch) glass. A worker would cut two copies of the desired shape from the glass and place the pieces back to back in a single came. Because the pieces are gold on both sides, they catch and reflect the light whether the window is viewed from inside the house or from the street. Frank Lloyd Wright used double-sided angel gilded glass in many of his windows, including the now demolished Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.

Today 
Today angel gilding is used to gild inside blown glass sculptures, repair Chicago's stained glass bungalow windows, create new glass signs and replicate and repair Victorian glass signs.

References

Glass art
Thin film deposition
Metal plating