omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Air Command Commander 147A. The Air Command Commander 147A was an American autogyro that was designed and produced by Air Command International when it was located in Wylie, Texas. Now out of production, the aircraft was intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

The only example known to have been registered with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was the factory prototype, which was destroyed in a fatal test flight crash in Caddo Mills, Texas in July 1998.

Design and development
The Commander 147A was designed to comply with the US homebuilt aircraft rules. It featured a Skywheels single main rotor, a  two-seats-in side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants, plus a small tail caster and a Mazda 13B Wankel engine  engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage was made from bolted-together aluminum tubing with a fiberglass fairing. Its two-bladed rotor had a diameter of . The aircraft had a standard empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

Factory options included a long-range fuel tank, electric trim and a main rotor pre-rotator.

Operational history
The factory prototype, serial number 001, registration number N147GY, suffered a loss of rotor RPM while maneuvering over a runway at Caddo Mills Municipal Airport during a factory test flight on 15 July 1998. The rotor blades struck the tail boom, and the aircraft descended and impacted the ground in a nose-low attitude. A post-crash fire consumed the main wreckage, and the pilot, who was the sole occupant, was killed. The accident was attributed to "the pilot's failure to maintain rotor rpm while maneuvering, which resulted in the main rotor blades contacting the tail section of the gyroplane."

By May 2018, no examples were registered in the United States, with only N147GY listed as having been registered at one time; it is listed as "destroyed".

Specifications (Commander 147A)

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

External links
Photo of an Air Command Commander 147A

Commander 147A
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Aircraft first flown in 1995
Jerrier A. Haddad. Jerrier A. "Jerry" Haddad (July 17, 1922 – March 31, 2017) was an American pioneer computer engineer who was the co-developer and designer of the IBM 701 series which was IBM's first commercial scientific computer and its first mass-produced mainframe computer.

The IBM 701 started the line of IBM 700/7000 series which were responsible for bringing electronic computing to the world and for IBM's dominance in the mainframe computer market during the 1960s and 1970s that continues today. The lower-cost general-purpose version of the IBM 701 was the famous IBM 650, which became the first mass-produced computer in the world.

Haddad was responsible for engineering and both system and circuit-level design, and managed the approximately 200 engineers involved. In 1984, along with Nathaniel Rochester, he received the Computer Pioneer Award.

Haddad was also the co-developer of the IBM 604, the world's first mass-produced programmable electronic calculator, along with Ralph Palmer. 

He was a fellow of both the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Haddad was born in New York City, to a family of Syrian and Lebanese origin, his father was the writer and journalist Abd al-Masih Haddad. He received a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering, Cornell University, 1945. He studied in the Advanced Business Management Program at Harvard Business School in 1958. Haddad lived in Briarcliff Manor, New York, with his wife and five children.

Haddad was the co-developer of the IBM 604, the world's first mass-produced programmable electronic calculator, and jointly directed the IBM 701 electronic defense calculator program with Nathaniel Rochester. Haddad was the vice president of technical personnel development when he retired from IBM in 1981. Haddad held 18 patents for inventions in the computer and electronics fields.

Honors and Awards:
 Member, National Academy of Engineering, 1968
 Recipient, Order of the Cedars Medal, Lebanon, 1970
 Honorary Doctorate of Sciences, Union College, 1971
 Honorary Doctorate of Sciences, Clarkson College, 1978
 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Pioneer Award, 1984
 Fellow, IEEE
 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science

References

External links 

 The Computer Pioneers: The Development of the IBM 701. Segment 1–5. July 12, 1983. Jerrier Haddad, Clarence Frizzell, Nathan Rochester, and Richard Whalen

1922 births
2017 deaths
Engineers from New York (state)
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American people of Syrian descent
People from Briarcliff Manor, New York
Dental torque wrench. A dental torque wrench or restorative torque wrench is a torque wrench used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener bolt for fixation of an abutment, dentures or prosthetics on a dental implant.

Manual mechanical torque wrench
Toggle torque wrenches (friction-style) and beam wrenches (spring-style) are the most common types in dentistry as manual mechanical torque-limiting devices. Beam type wrenches in general are more consistent to its calibration than toggle types. The beam types with a dial indicator are the most precise to set the Tare torque (zero point reset). Because steam sterilization processes like an autoclave are applied to the dental torque wrenches and the length of time in use presents stress on the material, fatigue can occur.

Surgical motor
The surgical motor is an electronic controlled torque-limiting device that also controls the speed. It is used with a twisted drill to make space in the bone for the implant or to fasten the screw (torque control can be with a torque-limiting attachment) with a screwdriver bit.

In high precision areas such as aerospace applications motor or pneumatic torque wrenches are set at a lower torque value after which the final torque is set with a manual mechanical torque wrench, they are calibrated before every use, if a wrench breaks or loses calibration every fastener done with that wrench is redone.

Calibration
Various studies point to deviations of 10% and higher than the desired torque, regular recalibration with a torque tester restores the required torque values.

Re-torquing
As the settling effect (the flattening of the material's micro-surface under pressure) causes a lesser torque of around 10% in a relative short time, re-torquing the fastener after 10 minutes reduces this effect as the parts get more seated.

Wet and dry torque
Wet torques (bolts lubricated with saliva) have a higher mean torque than dry torques (unlubricated).

See also

Torque limiter

References

Wrenches
Torque
Dental equipment
New York Helicopter. New York Helicopter was an American helicopter transportation company, formed in July 1980 and fully owned and operated as a subsidiary of Island Helicopter Corporation. It provided scheduled service from Manhattan's East 34th Street heliport on the East River and the three major New York airports: Kennedy International, La Guardia, and Newark International. The company also provided sightseeing and private charter operations.

Fleet
It operated:
 Two Sikorsky S-58s
 Two Aérospatiale AS 350s.
 Seven Aérospatiale SA 360s.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

Transportation companies based in New York City
Aviation in New York City
Defunct helicopter airlines
Defunct airlines of the United States
1980 establishments in New York City
1988 disestablishments in New York (state)
Airlines established in 1980
Airlines disestablished in 1988
Airlines based in New York (state)
Kohala Hydropower Project. The Kohala Hydropower Project is a proposed run-of-the-river, high head project of 316 meters that will be located near Kohala, in Azad Kashmir. In 2020 the project's agreement was finalised later it was formally signed in a ceremony attended by the Pakistani Prime Minister Imran khan, and Chinese ambassador.

Location 
The diversion dam site is on Jhelum River near Sarran Village 40 km upstream from Muzaffarabad and a 17.2 km long tunnel connects to the powerhouse which is located at Barsala 7 km upstream from Kohala Bridge.

Background
China Three Gorges Corporation (CTGC), the state-owned hydropower developer, won the right to develop a hydroelectric dam in Pakistan on January 7, 2015. The Kohala Hydropower Project will be CTGC's largest investment in Pakistan.

In December 2018  the people of Muzaffarabad held protests against Kohala dam design due to its planned water diversion via tunnel which will bypass the Muzaffarabad city.

Design
The dam's feasibility study and detailed engineering designs were performed by SMEC. The Kohala hydroelectric scheme will have a gravity, roller-concrete compacted dam on the upper branch of the Jhelum, 40 km from Muzaffarabad. The powerhouse, on the lower branch of the Jhelum near Barasala, will house four 281-MW Pelton turbines.

Tariffs
CWE is required to construct the project on a build, own, operate and transfer basis. In 2014, local published reports said the average tariff for the first 12 years was set at 8.9 cents per unit and during the following 18 years would be 5.1 cents per unit. The average tariff for the 30-year life of the project is 7.9 cents per unit. The tariff ensures 17 per cent return on equity on internal rate of return basis.

Carbon credit
The project is expected to earn carbon credit from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for clean energy development under the Kyoto protocol.

See also 

 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan
 List of power stations in Pakistan
 Azad Pattan Hydropower Project
 Duber Khwar hydropower project
 Gomal Zam Dam
 Gulpur Hydropower Project
 Karot Hydropower Project
 Khan Khwar Hydropower Project
 New Bong Escape Hydropower Project
 Patrind Hydropower Plant
 Satpara Dam

References 

Hydroelectric power stations in Pakistan
Dams in Pakistan
Dams on the Jhelum River
Run-of-the-river power stations
Proposed hydroelectric power stations
Muzaffarabad District
Roller-compacted concrete dams
Proposed renewable energy power stations in Pakistan
Redarc Electronics. REDARC Electronics is an Australian electronics manufacturer established in 1979. It is located in Lonsdale, South Australia, an industrial suburb south of Adelaide.
 
REDARC products includes voltage converters, inverters, power supplies, battery chargers, and trailer braking solutions for industries such as automotive and trucking, agriculture, medical, and defense. They are often used in vehicles for various purposes. REDARC holds the patents for the technologies on which these products are developed.

The company has been listed on the Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Australia list for three consecutive years - 2011, 2012, and 2013. It was also named the 2014 Telstra Business of the year and 2017 Global Media Award Winner for the Tow-Pro Elite Electronic Brake Controller at the SEMA Show in Las Vegas.

In 2019, REDARC's Lonsdale facility added 3,000m2 of advanced manufacturing space in a $22 million development, enabling REDARC to increase its manufacturing capacity by 250%. The additional space now houses a new surface-mount technology line for loading electronic components, an electromagnetic compatibility chamber, and a vibration test lab. The vibration test lab enables highly accelerated lifetime testing of products, simulating 10 years of life in a reported span of two days. Three new universal collaborative robots ‘Cobots’ have also been purchased. In the same year, REDARC has also moved into the Defense sector and has planned to work with the UK-based advanced manufacturing company MARL International to manufacture and support special light emitting diodes (LED) to be installed on the Type 26 Global Combat Ship-Australia (GCS-A), if BAE Systems secured the SEA 5000 Future Frigates contract.

References

1979 establishments in Australia
Electronics companies of Australia
Companies based in Adelaide
Poyang Lake Dam. The Poyang Lake Dam, referred to as the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project, is dam proposed to maintain water levels at Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, China. The lake is China's largest freshwater resource but has significantly decreased in size during the 21st century due to heavy damming, drought and dredging. Construction of the dam can also cause severe damages on remnant population of finless porpoises.

References

Dams in China
Proposed dams
Air Command Commander Sport. The Air Command Commander Sport is an American autogyro that was designed and produced by Air Command International of Wylie, Texas. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Commander Sport was designed to comply with the US Experimental - Amateur-built aircraft rules. It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit with a small cockpit fairing with a windshield, tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel and wheel pants, plus a tail caster. The standard engine supplied was the twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine in pusher configuration. The  Rotax 503 and  Rotax 447 engines were factory options.

The aircraft fuselage is made from metal tubing, while the fairing is fiberglass. Its two-bladed rotor has a diameter of  . The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot and baggage is .

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with a  engine is  and the landing roll is .

Original factory kit options were a pre-rotator, cockpit fairing, wheels pants and long range fuel tank. The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 30 hours and put completion time as 3–4 days work.

Specifications (Commander Sport)

References

External links
Photo of an Air Command Commander Sport 

Commander Sport
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Salmson 5. The Salmson 5 was a French aircraft built in 1917 during World War I intended for artillery spotting. It was based on the Salmson 2, but it was 23 km/h slower and offered no compensating advantages and only 1 aircraft was built.

Specifications

References

Citations

Bibliography

1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Salmson aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Motion-capture acting. Motion-capture acting, also called performance-capture acting and often abbreviated as mo-cap or P-cap, is a type of acting in which an actor wears markers or sensors on a skintight bodysuit or directly on the skin. Several cameras from different angles record the actor's movements simultaneously, recording the three-dimensional position of the sensors without recording the rest of the actor. Sampling is done many times each second, aided by advances in computer technology. The resulting database of 3D points permits a filmmaker or video game creator to create a digital character and place them in an entirely new setting. 

The first virtual actor animated by motion-capture was produced in 1993 by Didier Pourcel and his team at Gribouille. It involved "cloning" the body and face of French comedian Richard Bohringer, and then animating it with still-nascent motion-capture tools.

This type of acting is seen as a growth area, with predictions that there will be more work in the future for actors. Some talent agents represent motion-capture actors in addition to their live-action actors. Motion-capture acting can be difficult work, often involving unusual movements not found in human locomotion, and other unusual performance requirements. For example, one actor was "placed in a tiny booth, had dots placed all over his face that captured his movements, and had to sit perfectly still". As it is a new type of acting work, one report suggested that actors wishing to break into this line of work should go to acting class and become experts in skills such as gunplay, sword fighting, hand-to-hand combat, dancing, running, jumping, gymnastics, and general body movement.

Numerous sources identify English actor Andy Serkis as the "king of motion-capture acting" based on his portrayal of digital characters in films such as King Kong, The Lord of the Rings, and Planet of the Apes. According to one report, the first use of motion-capture acting for a video game was for the 2007 PlayStation 3 release Heavenly Sword, which starred Serkis. In an August 2011 interview, Serkis said, "Performance-capture technology is really the only way that we could bring these characters to life. It's the way that Gollum was brought to life, and King Kong, and the Naʼvi in Avatar and so on [...] it's really another way of capturing an actor's performance. That's all it is, digital make-up."

There have been battles within the entertainment industry about recognition for motion-capture actors. The Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers does not consider motion-capture acting to be the same type of work as live-action acting, which means that motion-capture actors are often paid less. The actors' union SAG-AFTRA has lobbied the industry for better employment terms and conditions for motion-capture actors, arguing that the work should be included in standard labor contracts. As of 2020, major award ceremonies still have no motion-capture acting category.

See also
 Human image synthesis
 Motion capture

References

Acting techniques
Motion capture
Gore District Council v Power Co Ltd. Gore District Council v Power Co Ltd [1997] 1 NZLR 537 is a cited case in New Zealand that confirms that a contract can be for an indefinite term, as well as confirming that a contract does not become frustrated simply due to it being a bad bargain.

Background
In 1927, the Gore Borough Council transferred its local power supply assets to the Southland Electric Power Board (later to become Power Co), in return for Power Co supplying all the council's electricity for 1 penny a unit "for all time hereafter."

THE Board further agrees to supply to the Council all electric energy required by the Council for street lamps, pumping water, sewage or other material, Town Hall and Borough Offices, Town Clock, all municipal buildings, including Fire Brigade Station, Electric-power Station, Public Library and other buildings under the control and management of the Council and all electric energy required by the Council for its own use in any municipal undertaking at the price of one penny per unit payable quarterly on the last days of March, June, September and December in each year,...

THE provisions of this Deed shall be binding upon the Board and Council for all time hereafter.

The Gore Borough Council has become the Gore District Council, and SEPB has become TPC, "The Power Company".

With no mechanism for increasing the price to allow for inflation, etc., this contract subsequently became somewhat onerous for Power Co, as by 1994 the unit price of electricity had increased by 770%. On top of that, the council's power usage had also increased by 840%.

Faced with an annual loss of $188,000 in supplying the council's electricity under the contract, in 1995 Power Co gave the council 15 months' notice of termination of the contract, citing that the ability to terminate the contract was implied, and failing that, that the contract was frustrated due to the change of circumstances that has occurred since 1927, including  the substantial inflation.

Decision
The court ruled that a contract for an indefinite term whilst may be rare, is not forbidden under contract law. The court also denied the contract was frustrated as contracts are not frustrated just because they turn out to be bad bargains.

References

Court of Appeal of New Zealand cases
Gore District, New Zealand
1996 in New Zealand law
1996 in case law
New Zealand contract case law
1991 Jakarta Indonesian Air Force C-130 crash. On 5 October 1991, an Indonesian Air Force Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules crashed shortly after takeoff from Jakarta-Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport due to an engine fire. It killed all but 1 of the 134 people onboard with an additional 2 people on the ground.

Sequence of events 
A-1324 (serial number - 4927, model L-82), was delivered from the 32nd Transport Squadron in June 1982. The military flight was from Jakarta to Bandung, and mainly consisted of Paskhas, (also called Orange Berets), returning to base after participating in an Indonesian Armed Forces Day ceremony.

The aircraft had a crew of 12 and 122 airman passengers. The aircraft departed at 15:00 local time when, according to eyewitnesses on the ground, one of the engines caught on fire. The fire presumably damaged the wing mechanism, causing the left engine to fail. The aircraft lost control, crashed into the Training Center of the Ministry of Labor, and exploded. Rescue operations were hampered by heavy rain which began an hour after the crash. One of the pilots, Major Samsul Ilham, was found in the wreckage alive but seriously injured. He later died in the hospital the same day.

A man survived the crash. Two people on the ground were also killed. With 135 fatalities, the crash was the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Indonesia until the crash of Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 in 1997. It is now the sixth-deadliest.

References 

Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by in-flight fires
Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1991
Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed C-130 Hercules
Military history of Jakarta
October 1991 events in Asia
1991 in Indonesia
1991 disasters in Indonesia
1990s in Jakarta
Kharkiv KhAI-24. 

The Kharkov KhAI-24 was a 1960s Soviet two-seat autogyro designed by the Kharkiv Aviation Institute.

Design and development
The KhAI-24 was designed by students of the Kharkiv Aviation Institute for an Estonian Ministry for the Energy Industry competition for a light autogyro for power cable inspection. The two-seat autogyro had an enclosed cabin and a tricycle landing gear, it was powered by a  Walter M332 aircraft engine driving a tractor configuration two-bladed propeller. A three-bladed rotor was fitted above the cabin.  A full-scale model was displayed in 1966 in Moscow and the autogyro was tested in 1967 but nothing else is known.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References
 

1960s Soviet civil utility aircraft
Kharkiv Aviation Institute aircraft
Single-engined tractor autogyros
Single-engined piston aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Twin-tail aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1967