omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
OpenWire (library). OpenWire is an open-source dataflow programming  library that extends the functionality of Embarcadero Delphi and C++ Builder by providing pin type component properties. The properties can be connected to each other. The connections can be used to deliver data or state information between the pins, simulating the functionality of LabVIEW, Agilent VEE and Simulink. OpenWire is available for Visual Component Library (VCL) and FireMonkey (FMX).

History 
The project started in 1997 as an attempt for visual design of text parsers. Later it was used for designing signal processing libraries, and was expanded to support any data type.

Pins 
Pins form the connections between the components.
OpenWire defines 4 types of pins:
 SourcePin usually provides data. Can connect to one or more SinkPins and to one StatePin.
 SinkPin usually receives data. Can be connected to one SourcePin.
 MultiSinkPin usually receives data. Can be connected to one or more SourcePin.
 StatePin usually is used to share state between components. Can be connected to one or more StatePins or SinkPins, and to one SourcePin.

Pin Lists 
Pin lists can contain and group pins.
OpenWire defines 2 types of pin lists:
 PinList contains pins but is not responsible to create or destroy them.
 PinListOwner contains pins and is responsible to create or destroy them.

Data Types 
Two pins in OpenWire can connect and exchange data only if they support compatible data types. Each pin can support one or more data types. The data types are distinguished by GUID unique for each data type.

Format Converters 
The latest version of OpenWire supports automatic data conversion. If two pins can't connect directly due to incompatible data types, a data format converter can be used automatically to convert the data between the pins. The developers can create and register format converters associated with different data types.

Multi-threading 
OpenWire is designed as thread-safe and well suited for multi-threading VCL and FireMonkey component development.

Version history 
The following is a rough outline of product release information.

Future development 
A graphical OpenWire editor is under development. The latest version of the editor is available from the OpenWire Homepage.

References

External links

 
 

Free computer libraries
Free software programmed in Delphi
Pascal (programming language) libraries
Computer libraries
Pascal (programming language) software
High-tensile chain. A high-tensile chain, also referred to as a transport chain, is a link chain with a high tensile strength  used for drawing or securing loads. This type of chain usually consist of broad (thick/heavy) metal, oblong torus-shaped links for high strength. All the links of the chain are usually identical, and on the ends are usually two hooks of the appropriate size and strength to slide easily over one chain link but small enough not let the links slip by. When the ability to grasp the load is required, a slip hook is used.

The chain used for tire chains on tractors and some automobiles for better traction is very similar; usually consisting of the same type of link, especially so for snow chains; however, instead of being a single chain, it is more of a network of interconnected chains with no hooked ends; the size and design of the network depending on the tire it was intended for.

When chains are used to restrain loads on a vehicle a load binder is used to tighten the chain.

Standards development organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers provide Standards for the additional information on these chains. ASME B29.24 deals specifically with roller chains intended for hoisting duty. ASME B29.26 provides uniform procedures for fatigue testing on chains.

In summary; transport chains are high strength chains used in imprecise applications where much strength is needed yet the task served is rather straightforward.

See also
Hoist (device)
Lifting hook
Shackle
Clevis fastener

References

Chains
Mechanical power control
Mechanical power transmission
Stochastic screening. Stochastic screening or FM screening is a halftone process based on pseudo-random distribution of halftone dots, using frequency modulation (FM) to change the density of dots according to the gray level desired.  Traditional amplitude modulation halftone screening is based on a geometric and fixed spacing of dots, which vary in size depending on the tone color represented (for example, from 10 to 200 micrometres).  The stochastic screening or FM screening instead uses a fixed size of dots (for example, about 25 micrometres) and a distribution density that varies depending on the color’s tone.

The strategy  of stochastic screening, which has existed since the seventies, has had a revival in recent times thanks to increased use of computer-to-plate (CTP) techniques. In previous techniques, computer to film, during the exposure there could be a drastic variation in the quality of the plate. It was a very delicate and difficult procedure that was not much used. Today, with CTP during the creation of the plate you just need to check a few parameters on the density and tonal correction curve. When you make a plate with stochastic screening you must use a tone correction curve, this curve allows one to align the tone reproduction of an FM screen to that of an industry standard.
Given the same final presswork tone value, an FM screen utilizes more halftone dots than an AM/XM screen. The result is that more light is filtered by the ink and less light simply reflects off the surface of the substrate. The result is that FM screens exhibit a greater color gamut than conventional AM/XM halftone screen frequencies.
The creation of a plate with stochastic screening is done the same way as is done with an AM/XM screen. A tone reproduction compensation curve is typically applied to align the stochastic screening to conventional AM/FM tone reproductions targets (e.g. ISO 12647-2).

Advantages
 The screening of four colors is no longer made with four different angles as with the traditional screen therefore it eliminates screening moiré.
 FM screening does not create rosette patterns.
 Halftone dot sizes can be as fine as 10 micrometres, which gives the product a quality comparable to that of photographic prints.
 The effects of misregistration are not completely eliminated, but the effect is certainly less apparent than in the traditional screening, this feature is very favorable for printing on rotary machines where the misregistration is very common due to effects such as web growth.
 The use of FM screening allowed Archant, a UK regional publisher, to switch to fonts with "tiny holes"; such an "eco-font" permitted a reduction in ink without turning fine text grainy.

Disadvantages
The small dots used in FM screening require special care and cleanliness, especially when plates are made from films.

References 

Printing processes
Printing terminology
Pseudorandomness
K745A1 Red Shark. The K745A1 Red Shark () torpedo, also called the K-ASROC, is a vertically launched anti-submarine missile successively developed and tested by Korea University of Science and Technology, the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and the Republic of Korea Navy in 2009.  The Red Shark missile has a range of  and carries a K745 Blue Shark torpedo that is deployed by parachute near the intended target. After release, the Blue Shark independently searches for the target.

The missiles are planned to be deployed on KDX-II and KDX-III destroyers starting in 2010. Each destroyer will carry between 8 (KDX-II) and 16 (KDX-III) of the missiles. The development cost of the program was around US$ 80 million, with a production cost of about $14 million. They were designed in order to combat the potential threat of North Korean submarines.

Ships
The Red Shark missiles are fitted to the following ship classes

 Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyer (KDX-II)
 King Sejong the Great class destroyer (KDX-III)

Production

See also 
 K731 White Shark
 K745 Blue Shark
 K761 Tiger Shark

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

References

External links 

Anti-submarine missiles
Naval weapons of South Korea
Post–Cold War weapons of South Korea
ADD research and development projects
AquaMaps. AquaMaps is a collaborative project with the aim of producing computer-generated (and ultimately, expert reviewed) predicted global distribution maps for marine species on a 0.5 × 0.5 degree grid of the oceans based on data available through online species databases such as FishBase and SeaLifeBase and species occurrence records from OBIS or GBIF and using an environmental envelope model (see niche modelling) in conjunction with expert input. The underlying model represents a modified version of the relative environmental suitability (RES) model developed by Kristin Kaschner to generate global predictions of marine mammal occurrences.

According to the AquaMaps website in August 2013, the project held standardized distribution maps for over 17,300 species of fishes, marine mammals and invertebrates.
The project is also expanding to incorporate freshwater species, with more than 600 biodiversity maps for freshwater fishes of the Americas available as at November 2009. AquaMaps predictions have been validated successfully for a number of species using independent data sets and the model was shown to perform equally well or better than other standard species distribution models, when faced with the currently existing suboptimal input data sets.

In addition to displaying individual maps per species, AquaMaps provides tools to generate species richness maps by higher taxon, plus a spatial search for all species overlapping a specified grid square. There is also the facility to create custom maps for any species via the web by modifying the input parameters and re-running the map generating algorithm in real time, and a variety of other tools including the investigation of effects of climate change on species distributions (see relevant section of the AquaMaps search page).

Coordination 
The project is coordinated by Dr Rainer Froese of IFM-GEOMAR and involves contributions from other research institutes including the Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Lab, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, University of British Columbia (UBC), the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM - Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet), the WorldFish Center in Malaysia, and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research in Australia. The creation of AquaMaps is supported by MARA, Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation, INCOFISH, Sea Around Us Project, Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals, FishBase and SeaLifeBase.

Research use 
A multi-author study by E. Sala et al. utilizing Aquamaps modelled data for marine fishes and invertebrates, entitled "Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate", was published in the prestigious journal Nature in 2021.

See also 
 Environmental niche modelling
 Biogeography
 Biodiversity informatics
 Marine biology
 C-squares - global grid system utilized by AquaMaps for data storage and map creation

References

Further reading

External links
 AquaMaps home page
 Freshwater Biodiversity AquaMaps
 AquaMaps entry in the D4Science Virtual Research Environment, released March 2009
 AquaMaps Virtual Research Environment in the iMarine Infrastructure;

Ecology
Ionized impurity scattering. In quantum mechanics, ionized impurity scattering is the scattering of charge carriers by ionization in the lattice. The most primitive models can be conceptually understood as a particle responding to unbalanced local charge that arises near a crystal impurity; similar to an electron encountering an electric field. This effect is the mechanism by which doping decreases mobility.

In the current quantum mechanical picture of conductivity the ease with which electrons traverse a crystal lattice is dependent on the near perfectly regular spacing of ions in that lattice. Only when a lattice contains perfectly regular spacing can the ion-lattice interaction (scattering) lead to almost transparent behavior of the lattice. Impurity atoms in a crystal have an effect similar to thermal vibrations where conductivity has a direct relationship with temperature.

A crystal with impurities is less regular than a pure crystal, and a reduction in electron mean free paths occurs. Impure crystals have lower conductivity than pure crystals with less temperature sensitivity in that lattice.

See also
 Lattice scattering

References

External links

Quantum mechanics
Scattering
Lattice scattering. Lattice scattering is the scattering of ions by interaction with atoms in a lattice. This effect can be qualitatively understood as phonons colliding with charge carriers.

In the current quantum mechanical picture of conductivity the ease with which electrons traverse a crystal lattice is dependent on the near perfectly regular spacing of ions in that lattice. Only when a lattice contains perfectly regular spacing can the ion-lattice interaction (scattering) lead to almost transparent behavior of the lattice.

In the quantum understanding, an electron is viewed as a wave traveling through a medium. When the wavelength of the electrons is larger than the crystal spacing, the electrons will propagate freely throughout the metal without collision.

See also
Ionized impurity scattering
Phonon scattering

References

External links

Quantum mechanics
Scattering
International Association of Engineers. The International Association of Engineers (IAENG) is a non-profit international association for engineers and computer scientists. IAENG was founded by a group of engineers and computer scientists in 1968, originally as a private club network for its founding members. Nowadays, IAENG has its secretariat office in Hong Kong with more than 140,000 members (May 2014) and holds the annual congress World Congress on Engineering  for the engineering research communities.

The association is a promoter of the open-access publications. All of its current publications  have adopted the open-access policy, including its popular title Engineering Letters. The association also cooperates with publishers like Springer, American Institute of Physics and World Scientific Publishing etc. to publish the book series IAENG Transactions on Engineering Technologies.

External links
 International Association of Engineers About IAENG Home Page
 WorldCat Records of World Congress on Engineering
 SCIMago Journal & Country Rank IAENG International Journal of Computer Science
 SCIMago Journal & Country Rank IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics
 DOAJ Content Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science 
 DOAJ Content Engineering Letters 
 Springer publishing IAENG books
 AIP Scitation of IAENG books
 World Scientific Publishing IAENG books

References

Engineering societies
Engineering societies by country
International organizations based in China
International professional associations
Professional associations based in Hong Kong
1968 in Beijing
Potassium amide. Potassium amide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . Like other alkali metal amides, it is a white solid that hydrolyzes readily. It is a strong base.

Production
Potassium amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with potassium. The reaction typically requires a catalyst.

Structure
Traditionally  is viewed as a simple salt, but it has significant covalent character and is highly aggregated in ammonia solution. The compound has been characterized by X-ray crystallography as the solvent-free form as well as the mono- and diammonia solvates. In , the potassium centers are each bonded to two amido ligands and four ammonia ligands, all six of which bridge to adjacent potassium centers. The result is a chain of hexacoordinate potassium ions. The K– distances are 2.7652(11) whereas the K– distances are respectively 2.9234(11) and 3.0698(11) Å.

References

Potassium compounds
Metal amides
EML Sidecars. The EML Sidecars company, short EML, is a Dutch Sidecarcross and Quad frame manufacturer, having won numerous world championships in this sport.

EML stands for "Eigen Makelij", meaning made myself.

History
The company was formed by Hennie Winkelhuis in 1972. He built, in his factory in Neede, completely new frames for motorcycles that originally were not very well suited to be combined with a sidecar. Winkelhuis later sold his company to concentrate on W-Tec and his Quad production but presented a somewhat revolutionary sidecarcross in 2001. He was however unable to pursue this project because of illness and  died in May 2007.

EML suffered also a bankruptcy in 1993, but managed to resume activities after a brief suspension of all activities.

The motocross part of the company is now owned by Alex Brusselers and Jan op t Hoog, who, in cooperation with EML-W-Tec, aim to return the name to sidecarcross success once more. In the 2009 season however, no team in the sidecarcross world championship used an EML frame.

EML-W-Tec nowadays produces road bikes, sidecars and trikes.

Sidecarcross world championships
EML's most successful time was in the 1980s and early 1990s, when a number of teams won world championships with their products:
 Emil Bollhalder / Karl Büsser – Yamaha-EML –  1982–83
 Hansi Bächtold / Fritz Fuß – EML/Jumbo-EML – 1984–87
 Benny Janssen / Tiny Janssen - Honda-EML – 1990
 Eimbert Timmermans / Eric Verhagen – Kawasaki-EML - 1991-92
 Kristers Sergis / Artis Rasmanis – KTM-EML - 1997

Sources
 The world championship on sidecarcross.com
 The official FIM website

References

External links
 EML Sidecars website  
 EML-W-Tec website

Sidecarcross
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1972
Companies based in Gelderland
Berkelland
Dutch companies established in 1972
Elliott Wood Partnership. Elliott Wood Partnership is a structural and civil engineering practice, providing services for all engineering aspects of the built environment.  The practice is located in South West London, Central London and Nottingham, England, with approximately 140 staff based between these three offices.

Activities
The practice has approximately 140 staff working from offices located in Wimbledon, a Central London office and Nottingham. The practice was founded in 1994 by Gary Elliott and Paul Wood.

The work undertaken includes large scale residential developments, commercial, healthcare, hotels, education, leisure / cultural buildings, regeneration and retail schemes throughout the UK and overseas. The practice has experience in the conservation of historic buildings and remedial and refurbishment work is undertaken. Complex and structurally demanding specialist projects have been carried out including sculptures and glass structures. Projects have won architectural and industry awards including four projects which received 2012 RIBA awards and a 2011 Manser Medal for 3a Hampstead Lane. Projects are undertaken for developers and contractors as well as public bodies, including local authorities and NHS trusts.

Awards
Elliott Wood has worked on many projects which have received architectural and industry awards. Most recently these include Bushey Cemetery & Prayer Halls in 2018, winning two RIBA Awards (National & East). Two projects in 2013 received RIBA awards and four projects in 2012, including a Manser Medal in 2011 for 3a Hampstead Lane, a 1960s residential property designed and built by architects Stirling and Margaret Craig, in the ‘Brutalist’ style.  Another project to have received awards is the Kentish Town Health Centre which was the inspiration of Architects Allford Hall Monaghan Morris. This project won a 2009 RIBA Award and a Design Award in the 2009 Lift Awards.  It was also shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling Prize.

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1994
British companies established in 1994
1994 establishments in England
Parts locator. A parts locator or inventory locator is a computer program that enables users to locate spare parts or other inventory items in a number of different storage locations, usually of different owners.

A parts locator can be used to improve spare parts management by increasing parts availability and decreasing obsolescence.

Parts locators can be included in other (packaged) software such as Dealership Management Systems (DMS) or inventory control systems; or can be offered as a separate program.  Due to the purpose of the software, it becomes more valuable when it has more users, as the number of inventories that are made available increases with the number of users.

Examples of specialised suppliers of parts locators are OEConnection, PareX Parts Exchange (PareX) and Inventory Locator Service, LLC (ILS).

References

Supply chain management
Freebird II. The Freebird II is a family of American side-by-side two-seat, high wing, tricycle gear,  pusher configuration single engined kit aircraft originally designed for construction by amateur builders by the Freebird Airplane Company of Marshville, North Carolina, and later Pro Sport Aviation of Wingate, North Carolina.

The Freebird II was produced until late 2014 by Free Bird Innovations of Detroit Lakes, Minnesota, as the LiteSport Classic.

Development
The Freebird I was introduced at Sun 'n Fun 1996, and was intended to meet the requirements of the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles category under the two-seat trainer exemption, although it is now offered in the US Light Sport Aircraft or amateur-built categories.

The Freebird II is constructed from bolted aluminum tubing, covered with doped aircraft fabric. The aircraft features conventional three-axis controls, including a trim system. The tricycle landing gear is steered by differential braking and a castering nosewheel. The company estimated that an average builder would take 120 hours to build the aircraft from the assembly kit.

The standard engine recommended is the two-stroke  Rotax 503 and with this engine the standard empty weight is . The  Rotax 582 is also used.

The Freebird II's wings can be folded in five minutes by one person and the aircraft can then be trailered or stored. Options available included full cabin doors, flaperons, brakes, wheel pants and a custom-fitted trailer.

Variants
Freebird II
Initial version, two seats in side-by-side configuration,  wingspan,  Rotax 503, built by Freebird Airplane Company.
Sportlite SS
Improved version, two seats in side-by-side configuration,  wingspan,  Rotax 503, built by Free Bird Innovations.
Sportlite 2
Improved version, two seats in side-by-side configuration,  wingspan,  Rotax 503, built by Free Bird Innovations.
LiteSport II
Improved version, two seats in tandem configuration,  wingspan,  Rotax 503, built by Free Bird Innovations. 352 examples had been completed and flown by 2011.
LiteSport Classic
Current production version, two seats in side-by-side configuration,  wingspan,  Rotax 503 or  Rotax 582, built by Free Bird Innovations. 102 examples had been completed and flown by 2011.

Specifications (Freebird II)

See also

References

External links

Free Bird Innovations aircraft
1990s United States ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Fushimi-class gunboat. The  were a class of riverine gunboats of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The class consisted of two ships,  (伏見) and  (隅田).

Design and armament
The Fushimi class were  long, and had a draft of . Ships of the  class had a standard displacement of ,  at trial, and  at full load. The class was propelled by a turbine-powered, oil-fired engine, which generated , giving them a top speed of . Both ships were armed with one  anti-aircraft gun, and two  machine guns.

Operational history
Both ships, Fushimi and Sumida, were laid down in 1939, and were completed in 1939 and 1940, respectively.

References

Citations

Books

 
1939 ships
Riverine warfare
Gunboat classes