omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ian Hickson. Ian "Hixie" Hickson is the author and maintainer of the Acid2 and Acid3 tests, the WHATWG HTML 5 specification, and the Pingback specification, and the early working draft of Web Applications 1.0. He is known as a proponent of Web standards, and has played a crucial role in the development of specifications such as CSS. Hickson was a co-editor of the CSS 2.1 specification.

Hickson was born in Geneva, Switzerland, and lived there for ten years. He studied physics at the University of Bath in England. Later he was employed at Netscape and Opera Software; he worked for Google in the San Francisco Bay Area, and is the specification editor of the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG). Hickson resigned from Google in late 2023.

References

External links

World Wide Web Consortium
Living people
Acid tests
Scientists from Geneva
English expatriates in Switzerland
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Bath
British computer programmers
Swiss computer programmers
Swiss expatriates in England
Netscape people
Google people
Opera Software employees
TacSat-5. TacSat-5 is a planned fifth satellite in a series of U.S. military reconnaissance satellites. The project will be managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory in cooperation with the Operationally Responsive Space Office of the Department of Defense. The TacSat satellites are all designed to demonstrate the ability to provide real-time data collected from space to combatant commanders in the field.

In January 2009, AFRL released a Broad Agency Announcement for the development of TacSat-5. At that time, the mission still had not been specified and the bus was to be developed based on AFRL's Plug-and-Play avionics standards.

References 

Reconnaissance satellites of the United States
Air Force Research Laboratory projects
STANAG 4626. STANAG 4626 is a NATO Standardization Agreement which defines a set of Open Architecture Standards for Avionics Architecture, particularly in the field of Integrated Modular Avionics. The purpose of this standard is to establish uniform requirements for the architecture for Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) systems as defined by the ASAAC program. A reference implementation is on SourceForge under an Apache license.

History
This STANAG was proposed by the UK Ministry of Defence, and originated from the ASAAC effort. As for ASAAC, many major European Avionics companies  participate in its definition, such as:
 BAE Systems
 GE Aviation Systems (formerly Smiths Aerospace)
 Dassault Aviation
 Thales Group
 Airbus (formerly EADS)
 ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH
 GMV Innovating Solutions

See also
 ASAAC
 Integrated Modular Avionics
 ARINC 653

External links
  STANAG 4626 part I on everyspec.com
 Open Source OS adaption layer for STANAG 4626 on sourceforge.net

4626
Aviation standards
Free and open-source software
Cutoff voltage. In electronics,the cut-off voltage is the voltage at which a battery is considered fully discharged, beyond which further discharge could cause harm. Some electronic devices, such as cell phones, will automatically shut down when the cut-off voltage has been reached.

Batteries

In batteries, the cut-off (final) voltage is the prescribed lower-limit voltage at which battery discharge is considered complete. The cut-off voltage is usually chosen so that the maximum useful capacity of the battery is achieved. The cut-off voltage is different from one battery to the other and it is highly dependent on the type of battery and the kind of service in which the battery is used. When testing the capacity of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V per cell is normally used, whereas 0.9 V is normally used as the cut-off voltage of an alkaline cell. Devices that have too high cut-off voltages may stop operating while the battery still has significant capacity remaining.

Voltage cut-off in portable electronics
Some portable equipment does not fully utilise the low-end voltage spectrum of a battery. The power to the equipment cuts off before a relatively large portion of the battery life has been used.

A high cut-off voltage is more widespread than perhaps assumed. For example, a certain brand of mobile phone that is powered with a single-cell Lithium-ion battery cuts off at 3.3 V. The Li‑ion can be discharged to 3 V and lower; however, with a discharge to 3.3 V (at room temperature), about 92–98% of the capacity is used. Importantly, particularly in the case of lithium-ion batteries, which are used in the vast majority of portable electronics today, a voltage cut-off below 3.2 V can lead to chemical instability  in the cell, with the result being a reduced battery lifetime. For this reason, electronics manufacturers tend to use higher cut-off voltages, removing the need for consumers to buy battery replacements before other failure mechanisms in a device take effect .

See also
Cut-off (electronics)
 - includes cutoff voltages for various battery chemistries

References

External links
Samples of Low Voltage Cut-Off Relay Circuits
Effect of discharge cut off voltage on cycle life of MgNi-based electrode for rechargeable Ni-MH batteries

Electrical parameters
Megohmmeter. A Megohmmeter or insulation resistance tester, is a special type of ohmmeter used to measure the electrical resistance of insulators. Insulating components, for example cable jackets, must be tested for their insulation strength at the time of commissioning and as part of maintenance of high voltage electrical equipment and installations.

For this purpose, megohmmeters, which can provide high DC voltages (typically in ranges from 500 V to 5 kV, some are up to 15 kV) at specified current capacity, are used. Acceptable insulator resistance values are typically 1 to 10 megohms, depending on the standards referenced.

Operation
Resistance to be measured is connected across the terminals i.e. connected in series with the deflecting coil and across the generator. When the current is supplied to the coils then they have torque in opposite directions.

If resistance to be measured is high, no current will flow through the deflecting coil, the controlling coil, will, therefore, set itself perpendicular to the magnetic axis and hence set the pointer to the infinity.

If the resistance to be measured is small, high current flow through the deflecting coil and the resulting torque sets the pointer to zero.

For the intermediate value of resistance, depending upon the torque production, the pointer is set at a point between zero and infinity.

The hand-driven generator is of the permanent magnet type and it is designed to generate from 500 to 2500 volts. Testing voltage is produced by the rotation of the crank in a hand-operated megger, or by the battery in the case of an electronic-type megger. For testing a range up to 440V, equipment requires 550V DC is sufficient. The current coil or deflecting coil is series-connected and allows the electric current to flow through the circuit being tested.

Control and deflecting coil has a current limiting resistor connected in series so as to protect the external circuit in case of damages caused due to very low resistance. Testing voltage is produced by electromagnetic induction in case of hand-operated megger and by a battery in case of electronic type megger. The deflection of pointer increases with the increases in voltage in the external circuit and also decreases with the increase in current. That is, resultant torque is inversely related to current and directly related to voltage. While the electrical circuit that is being tested is open, the resultant torque caused due to voltage coil is maximum and the deflection pointer shows the value of ‘infinity’ which means the circuit does not have any shorting present and resistance is the maximum within the circuit being tested.  In the case of a short circuit, the deflection pointer shows ‘zero’ which indicates ‘no’ resistance in the circuit being tested.

A Megger consists of an EMF source and voltmeter. The scale of the voltmeter is calibrated in ohms (kilo-ohms or megohms, as the case may be). In measurements, the EMF of the self-contained source must be equal to that of the source used in calibration.

See also
 Hipot

References

Measuring instruments
Plastic igniter cord. A plastic igniter cord (PIC) is a type of fuse used to initiate an explosive device or charge. In appearance, an igniter cord is similar to a safety fuse and when ignited, an intense flame spits perpendicular to the cord at a uniform rate as it burns along its length. 

In the construction and demolition industry an igniter cord is similar to a safety fuse, consisting of a pyrotechnic composition at the core, wrapped with a nylon sheath to provide shape and finally wrapped again in an outer plastic shell to provide water resistance. 

Normally, igniter cord also consists of a metal wire at the very center of the pyrotechnic core which also runs the entire length of the cord; the pyrotechnic composition will react with the metal wire (typically aluminum, iron or copper) to increase the energetics of the fuse. 

There are two types of PICs: the fast type which has nominal burning speed of 30 cm per second, a diameter of about 3 mm, and is brownish in color; and the slow type, which has a diameter of 2 mm, is greenish in color, and has a nominal burning speed of 3 cm per second.

Trade names 
Trade names for PICs include Mantitor cord, manufactured by Orica Brazil, and ICI plastic cord, formerly manufactured by Imperial Chemical Industries in Scotland.

See also 
 fuse (explosives)
 Detonating cord

References

Detonators
Explosives
German railway wagon classes. The system of German railway wagon classes (Wagengattungen) was introduced in Germany in 1902 and 1905 by the Prussian state railways based on their system of norms, and was soon taken up by the other state railways (Länderbahnen). On the formation of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the system became mandatory across the whole of Germany. In the course of the years more and more adjustments to it were made. It was finally replaced between 1964 and 1968 when the two German railway administrations - the Deutsche Bundesbahn and the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany) - adopted the internationally standard UIC classifications for passenger coaches and goods wagons. Today, the system is still regularly being used for narrow gauge goods wagons, because these were not generally given UIC designations, as well as on many historical vehicles.

The wagon class comprises one or more main class letters (Hauptgattungszeichen) (in capitals, sometimes with lower case letters in between) and possibly several secondary class letters (Nebengattungszeichen) (always in lower case). Combinations of several main class letters are possible, e.g. on passenger coaches with different accommodation classes.

Main class letters 

In order to distinguish bogie wagons, the last letter of the main class was doubled to begin with, e.g. BC → BCC, G → GG (exceptions were the Post, Salon, Schlaf und Speise where there was no difference). From 1928 the system was changed on passenger coaches. Instead of doubling the letters, the number of axles was indicated where it was greater than two. So an eight-wheeled BC coach was no longer classified as a BCC but as a BC4. That now made it possible to distinguish passenger coaches with three axles or more. For goods wagons, the doubling of letters was retained. Only on Dgw and ZM wagons was the differentiation dropped, whilst the BT, H, Pwg, V and VO wagons had no bogie variants anyway.

Secondary letters for passenger coaches

Secondary letters for goods wagons

Description of the maximum load

Four- and six-wheeled wagons

Wagons with eight wheels or more (including HH wagons)

Description of loading length and loading area

Description of features of importance for train formation

Description of individual wagon classes

Classes G/GG and N

Class H/HH

Classes K/KK, O/OO, VO and X/XX

Classes R/RR and S/SS

Class T/TT

Class V

Class ZM

Class Z/ZZ

Sources 

 Helmut Behrends, Wolfgang Hensel, Gerhard Wiedau: Güterwagen-Archiv 1. transpress, Berlin 1989, .
 Helmut Behrends, Wolfgang Hensel, Gerhard Wiedau: Güterwagen-Archiv 2. transpress, Berlin 1989,  .
 Peter Wagner, Sigrid Wagner, Joachim Deppmeyer: Reisezugwagen 1. Sitz- und Gepäckwagen. transpress 1993, .

See also
 History of rail transport in Germany
 Open wagon
 Pocket wagon

External links 
 Leitzahlen und Nummernsystem für DR-Güterwagen nach 1951 bei Fremo
 Deutsche Güterwagen von 1910 bis 1945

Rolling stock of Germany
Rail freight transport in Germany
3 Corner Satellite. Three Corner Satellite (or 3CS, or 3CornerSat) consisted of three student-built microsatellites flying in formation. Primary mission objectives were to demonstrate formation flying, provide stereoscopic imaging of cloud formations, and demonstrate distributed and autonomous operations.

A pair of spacecraft, Ralphie and Sparkie, was developed by the University of Colorado at Boulder and Arizona State University as part of the Air Force Research Laboratory's University Nanosat Program. A third satellite, Petey, developed by New Mexico State University was originally also part of the 3CS.

The 3CS stack was originally slated for launch aboard the Space Shuttle in 2003, but after the Shuttle Columbia tragedy, mission organizers switched to the first launch of the Boeing Delta IV Heavy rocket. Due to a problem with the rocket during launch, the 3CS satellites on board, Sparkie and Ralphie, failed to achieve orbit. The satellites were to have been dropped off at a low 180 km × 240 km, but they entered orbit at a height of only 105 km, which led to a rapid decay.

The third 3CS satellite Petey was not aboard the 3CS launch on Delta IV Heavy (due to the fitting only being able to hold two spacecraft; Petey was used for ground software and communications testing ) and was later donated to the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.

Project Mission 
Primary mission objectives:
 Stereoscopic imaging of clouds and other atmospheric structures.
 Formation flying - the satellites will operate as a network to synchronize targeting and data acquisition and to relay health and status information among the satellites in the constellation.
 End-to-End Data Systems (EEDS) will support automated operations, react to unplanned faults and opportunities, and to optimize operations and data handling.
Secondary mission objectives:
 Demonstrate micro propulsion, by increasing the satellites' altitude to extend mission lifetime and improve data gathering capacity.
 Demonstrate a modular spacecraft bus design.
 Emphasize student education by allowing students to actively participate in the program.

The spacecraft were equipped with robust execution management software (Spacecraft Command Language (SCL), Continuous Activity Scheduling Planning Execution and Replanning (CASPER) software, and Context-sensitive anomaly detection software (SELMON monitoring system)

References 

Onboard Autonomy on the Three Corner Satellite Mission

External links 
 NASA's Three Corner Satellite Project Homepage
 NASA.gov
 http://spacegrant.colorado.edu/3cs/

Student satellites
Storm 2. Storm 2 (commonly known as Storm II) is a robot that competed in the British television game show Robot Wars. It was a small invertible box-shaped robot with a wedge on the front. The robot was originally built with no weapons but the team was asked to add an active weapon in order to take part in the seventh series, so the team came up with a built-in lifting arm, very similar to the American robot BioHazard. However, it was not the weapon but the immense speed and power of the robot that did the most damage to its opponents, managing to throw The Steel Avenger out of the Arena in its Series 7 heat final. The robot competed in the seventh series of Robot Wars, winning The Third World Championship at the end of the series, having won the 16th seed into the competition by being victorious in the New Blood Championship of Extreme 2.

Storm 2 was created by Ed Hoppitt. Tim Bence and Andrew Rayner joined him. Hoppitt and Bence would alternate driving during the wars. Not long after the filming of New Blood, Andrew Rayner got married, moved house, and began a family, so Bence's fiance, Meral Kolac, filled his place on the team.

Storm 2 was somewhat notable in the original run because it was the most prominent robot never to lose a battle through KO, only losing one battle on a controversial judge's decision. The said decision was the grand final of Series 7, losing the title to Typhoon 2. However, it lost on knockout to Apollo (who went on to win the series) in the heat final of the 2016 series after being thrown out of the arena, having lost to the same bot on judges decision in the group stages - in both fixtures, Apollo flipped over at least one house robot. Storm 2 was eligible to be named as a wildcard but was not chosen.

Like many other robots, Storm 2 also competed in Techno Games as Ickle Toaster in the Football and Sumo events. The original Storm was never seen in Robot Wars but competed in various robot combat events across the UK and the Dutch Robot Games.

When it was involved on the 2016 series of Robot Wars, the robot cost £20,000 and used Telemetry systems, thermistors, bespoke PMDC motors, and dry ice systems to prevent overheating.

Extreme Series 2

New Blood competition

Series 7

The Third World Championship

2016 Series

Series record
Series 1-6: Did not enter
Series 7: Second place

Robot honours
Extreme Series 2
New Blood Champion

Series 7
Grand-final-Second place

Series 7
Third Robot Wars World Champion

References

External links
Team Storm Website
Controversy fights
Storm 2 vs Firestorm
Storm 2 vs Supernova
Storm 2 vs Typhoon 2
 Storm 2 vs Tornado

Robot Wars (TV series) competitors
Robots of the United Kingdom
Rolling robots
Advanced Photovoltaic & Electronic Experiment. Advanced Photovoltaic and Electronics Experiments, also known as APEX, was a satellite-based science mission launched into Low Earth orbit on August 3, 1994, by a Pegasus rocket. The mission successfully tested the use of photovoltaic and electronic components in space.

References 

Satellites of the United States
Spacecraft launched in 1994
Spacecraft launched by Pegasus rockets
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Frank Maine. Francis William Maine (15 September 1937 – 29 September 2018) was a Canadian chemical engineer, a scientist, entrepreneur, and politician who was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. He was his party's representative in the House of Commons of Canada. Along with serving as a Member of Parliament, Maine served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of State for Science and Technology.

Maine immigrated to Canada from England at the age of 10, and studied Engineering Chemistry at Queen's University. Awarded an Athlone Fellowship, he studied chemistry at the University of Cambridge, earning his PhD.  While at Cambridge, Maine earned his Blue as captain of the University of Cambridge Judo team, also competing for Britain.  Upon returning to Canada, he worked as a polymer chemist, and became head of Reinforced Plastics R&D at Fibreglass Canada.

He was elected at the Wellington riding in
the 1974 general election, serving in the 30th Canadian Parliament. A key issue for Maine was the role science and innovation policy could play in building Canada's knowledge economy. Following realignment of ridings, Maine was defeated at the Guelph electoral district in the 1979 federal election by Albert Fish of the Progressive Conservative party. Maine ran for federal Parliament again at the Guelph—Wellington riding, this time as an independent candidate in the 1993 election, but was defeated.

After politics, Maine returned to plastics and composites R&D, but this time as a scientist-entrepreneur. He co-invented and commercialized oriented polymer products.
He also served on the Science Council of Canada.

He died on Sept 29, 2018 in Guelph, leaving behind his wife of nearly 60 years, Mary-Eva Maine, 4 children, and 6 grandchildren.

His daughter is academic Elicia Maine.  His granddaughter is cyclist Katherine Maine.

References

https://www.lipad.ca/members/record/a181579e-08c7-4a7c-8b99-f2e691029d3d/1/

External links
 

1937 births
2018 deaths
Engineers from Ontario
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Canadian chemical engineers
20th-century Canadian engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
People from Hayes, Bromley
Scientists from Ontario
21st-century Canadian chemists
20th-century Canadian chemists
English emigrants to Canada
20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
Shang-Hua Teng. Shang-Hua Teng (; born 1964) is a Chinese-American computer scientist. He is the Seeley G. Mudd Professor of Computer Science and Mathematics at the University of Southern California. Previously, he was the chairman of the Computer Science Department at the Viterbi School of Engineering of the University of Southern California.

Biography
Teng was born in China in 1964. His father, Dr. Teng Zhanhong, was a professor of civil engineering at the Taiyuan University of Technology. His mother, Li Guixin, was an administrator at the same university.

Teng graduated with BA in electrical engineering and BS in computer science, both from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1985. He obtained MS in computer science from the University of Southern California in 1988. Teng holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University (in 1991).

Prior to joining USC in 2009, Teng was a professor at Boston University.  He has also taught at MIT, the University of Minnesota, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has worked at Xerox PARC,  NASA Ames Research Center, Intel Corporation, IBM Almaden Research Center, Akamai Technologies, Microsoft Research Redmond, Microsoft Research New England and Microsoft Research Asia.

Recognition
In 2008 Teng was awarded the Gödel Prize for his joint work on smoothed analysis of algorithms with Daniel Spielman. They went to win the prize again in 2015 for their contribution on "nearly-linear-time Laplacian solvers". In 2009, he received the Fulkerson Prize given by the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Programming Society.

Teng is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) as well as an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. He was named a SIAM Fellow in the 2021 class of fellows, "for contributions to scalable algorithm design, mesh generation, and algorithmic game theory, and for pioneering smoothed analysis of linear programming".

Personal life 
In 2003, Teng married Diana Irene Williams, then a Ph.D. student of history at Harvard University.

References

External links
 Shang-Hua Teng's personal homepage at USC
 
 

1964 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Chinese computer scientists
Boston University faculty
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Gödel Prize laureates
IBM employees
Intel people
Researchers in geometric algorithms
2009 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Microsoft Research people
Shanghai Jiao Tong University alumni
Sloan Research Fellows
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
University of Minnesota faculty
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
University of Southern California faculty
Scientists at PARC (company)
Simons Investigator