omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
James M. Taylor. James Martin Taylor (November 27, 1930 – September 4, 1970) was a United States Air Force astronaut and test pilot. Although he trained for the USAF Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), the program was cancelled before any of the MOL crews reached space.

Taylor was born November 27, 1930, in Stamps, Arkansas, and graduated from University of Michigan with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1959. He joined the USAF and trained as a test pilot, graduating from the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School in class 63A and MOL. In 1965, he was selected as one of the first astronauts to the Air Force's classified Manned Orbital Laboratory. The MOL program, canceled in 1969 before sending any astronauts into space, was to provide a military space station with Air Force astronauts using a modified Gemini spacecraft. The history of the MOL program was presented in the Public Television series NOVA episode called Astrospies which first aired February 12, 2008.

After the MOL program cancellation, Taylor continued his USAF career as an instructor at the Test Pilot School and served as deputy commandant. On September 4, 1970, he and a French Air Force exchange test pilot trainee, Pierre J. du Bucq, were killed when their T-38 aircraft crashed during a training mission at Palmdale Regional Airport. The crash was caused by severe wake turbulence from a C-141 that was performing touch-and-goes on an intersecting runway. At the time of his death, Taylor held the rank of lieutenant colonel. In memory of Taylor, the Test Pilot School presented the James M. Taylor Award to the outstanding graduate of the Experimental Test Pilot Course (Phase 1). The award was discontinued after class 71B when the school's curriculum was revised to eliminate the Phase I and II designation.

Attended by his fellow MOL astronauts, Taylor was buried at McChord Air Force Base in Pierce County, Washington. He is survived by his wife, Jacquelyn, and three children.

References

External links

 
 
 
 

1930 births
1970 deaths
Accidental deaths in California
American astronauts
American test pilots
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
People from Stamps, Arkansas
United States Air Force officers
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1970
Victims of flight test accidents
People from Palmdale, California
Messerschmitt M 18. The Bayerische Flugzeugwerke M 18 (BFW M 18), (later known as Messerschmitt M 18) was an airliner, produced in Germany in the late 1920s.

Design and development
Designed at the request of Theodor Croneiss to supply his new airline venture which was to become Nordbayerische Verkehrsflug (NOBA), it was a conventional high-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage. The prototype was built of wood, although production examples would have a metal structure. The design was praised in its day for the cleanness of its aerodynamics, lightness of construction, and economy of operation

Operational history

The first M 18 to enter service with NOBA was provided by Messerschmitt in exchange for a 49% share of the new company, and on 26 July it began commercial flights. NOBA's early successes enabled the company to place orders for additional examples of an improved model, the M 18b. It would eventually purchase twelve of these, but manufacturing them would exceed the capacity of Messerschmitt's own small firm, leading to a merger with Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) in 1927. Following NOBA's reorganisation into DEVAG in 1931, a small number of a further-improved version, designated M 18d, were ordered, but the type was soon superseded by the similar but larger Messerschmitt M 20.

Variants
M 18a three-seat production version with  Siemens-Halske Sh 11 engine (two built)
M 18bthree/four-seat production version with  Siemens-Halske Sh 12 engine (12 built)
M 18c photographic survey version with  Armstrong Siddeley Lynx engine (two or three built)
M 18d enlarged six/seven/eight-passenger version, produced with a variety of engines, including the  Armstrong Siddely Lynx,  Walter Mars and  Wright Whirlwind. (eight built)

Operators

Swiss Air Force

Specifications (M 18d)

Notes

1920s German airliners
M 18
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1926
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Japanese escort ship Etorofu. Etorofu was the lead ship of her class of fourteen ships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

Background and description
The Etorofu class was an improved version of the preceding  with a greater emphasis on anti-submarine warfare. The ships measured  overall, with a beam of  and a draft of . They displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ships had two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft, which were rated at a total of  for a speed of . The ships had a range of  at a speed of .

The main armament of the Etorofu class consisted of three Type 3  guns in single mounts, one superfiring pair aft and one mount forward of the superstructure. They were built with four Type 96  anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but the total was increased to 15 guns by August 1943. 36 depth charges were stowed aboard initially, but this later increased by August 1943 to 60 depth charges with a Type 97  trench mortar and six depth charge throwers. They received Type 22 and Type 13 radars and Type 93 sonar in 1943–44.

Construction and career
Etorofu was launched by Hitachi, Sakurajima, on 29 January 1943 and completed on 25 March. She served on repatriation duties until 1947 when she was turned over to the United States Navy on 5 August and broken up at Kure beginning on 13 October.

Notes

References
 

World War II naval ships of Japan
Etorofu-class escort ships
1943 ships
Ships built by Hitachi Zosen Corporation
Electric eel (disambiguation). An electric eel is a freshwater fish of the genus Electrophorus, able to generate powerful electric shocks.

The term may also refer to:

 Electric Eel (roller coaster), a roller coaster at SeaWorld San Diego 
 electric eels, a punk rock band from Cleveland, Ohio active between 1972 and 1975
 Ampaire Electric EEL, a hybrid electric aircraft
 Electric Eel Shock, a Japanese, garage metal band, active since the late 1990s
St. Xavier's Technical Institute. St. Xavier's Technical Institute (founded in 1937) is an electronics school in Mumbai, India. It is part of the Jesuit family of schools and began operations on the premises of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. It was transferred to its own building in Mahim in June 1969. It was previously known as the Abdulla Fazalbhoy Technical Institute for Radio and Cinema.

Facilities
The Institute is a Tele Learning Centre of the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) for the Bachelor of Information Technology and Advanced Diploma in Information Technology. This centre has a direct satellite link to receive the live video broadcast of the lectures with an audio link to New Delhi for students’ questions on the spot. The Institute provides facilities for professional and specialised training in electronics. The areas covered are Radio, Television, Video, Marine Electronics and Communications, Radar, Digital Electronics, Microprocessors, and Computer Software and Hardware. Developing "Thinking Skills" and "Personality Development" are required subjects for the Institute's full-time diplomas.

From June 1994, St. Xavier’s has been granted academic autonomy by the Government of Maharashtra. This means that the Institute conducts its own Diploma examinations which are recognised by Government as equivalent to those of the Board of Technical Education, Maharashtra. St. Xavier’s Technical Institute has set up a Software Development Centre. In 1999 the Directorate of Technical Education of Maharashtra State commissioned St. Xavier’s to set up an electronic network of 46 technical institutions across the state. This included the Directorate itself, the Directorate of Industry-Institute Co-ordination, the Board of Technical Education, and 43 other Institutions in the State. The project was funded by the World Bank.
The Institute's Marine Department has been awarded ISO 9001:2000 quality certification.

A separate project has been started for the computerisation of the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education which controls technical examinations in the state. The project was awarded to St. Xavier’s Technical Institute. A second project for the computerisation of Holy Family Hospital and Research Centre and the new Holy Family Heart Institute with facilities like MRI and CAT SCAN has been awarded to the Institute. 
The State Board of Technical Education has awarded the Institute a project to provide an on-line examination for the government employee confirmatory test. This project includes the development of the Question Bank for the examination.

Courses offered
Diploma in Electronics & Tele-Communications Engineering (DETE)
Diploma in Marine Engineering

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

Footnotes

Jesuit universities and colleges in India
Universities and colleges in Mumbai
Educational institutions established in 1937
1937 establishments in India
Active surface. An active surface is a surface of a radio telescope that is under active computer control of its shape.

Large radio telescopes (more than 10 m in diameter or length) always bend during operation, due to their enormous weight and the fact that even the strongest materials are not perfectly stiff.  This bending, in the range of a few millimetres, does not affect low frequency operation much, but dramatically reduces the efficiency of the telescope at higher frequencies where the wavelengths are comparable to the distortion.  Typically, the efficiency of a telescope drops appreciably when the deviation from the desired shape is more than 1/10 of the considered wavelength.  An active surface uses numerous small actuators to move the surface panels with respect to the underlying frame, and thus maintain the correct shape.

An active surface can try to compensate for many different types of errors.  The first is gravity—this is simplest since previous measurements, or even a mathematical model, can be used to predict (and correct) any bending.  More difficult is correction for wind and thermal errors, since these require measuring and correcting in real time.

Some examples of active surfaces are:
Green Bank Telescope
Large Millimeter Telescope
Sardinia Radio Telescope
Noto Radio Observatory

The Chinese Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope uses a uniquely ambitious form of active surface, not only correcting errors, but applying deflections of up to  in order to aim and focus the telescope.

References

.  Discusses many practical details of an active surface.

Radio astronomy
Astronomical imaging
Astronomical instruments
Hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose. It is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household products.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose are frequently used with hydrophobic drugs in capsule formulations, to improve the drugs' dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. This process is known as hydrophilization.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose is also used extensively in the oil and gas industry as a drilling mud additive under the name HEC as well in industrial applications, paint and coatings, ceramics, adhesives, emulsion polymerization, inks, construction, welding rods, pencils and joint fillers.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose can be one of the main ingredients in water-based personal lubricants. It is also a key ingredient in the formation of large bubbles as it possesses the ability to dissolve in water but also provide structural strength to the soap bubble. Among other similar chemicals, it is often used as slime (and gunge, in the UK).

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is a commonly used thickener in paint & coating formulations. HEC thickeners are used in paint & coating formulations to increase the viscosity of the paint and to improve its flow and leveling properties.

References

Cellulose
Cellulose ethers
False radiosity. False Radiosity is a 3D computer graphics technique used to create texture mapping for objects that emulates patch interaction algorithms in radiosity rendering. Though practiced in some form since the late 90s, this term was coined only around 2002 by architect Andrew Hartness, then head of 3D and real-time design at Ateliers Jean Nouvel.

During the period of nascent commercial enthusiasm for radiosity-enhanced imagery, but prior to the democratization of powerful computational hardware, architects and graphic artists experimented with time-saving 3D rendering techniques. By darkening areas of texture maps corresponding to corners, joints and recesses, and applying maps via self-illumination or diffuse mapping in a 3D program, a radiosity-like effect of patch interaction could be created with a standard scan-line renderer. Successful emulation of radiosity required a theoretical understanding and graphic application of patch view factors, path tracing and global illumination algorithms. Texture maps were usually produced with image editing software, such as Adobe Photoshop. The advantage of this method is decreased rendering time and easily modifiable overall lighting strategies.

Another common approach similar to false radiosity is the manual placement of standard omni-type lights with limited attenuation in places in the 3D scene where the artist would expect radiosity reflections to occur. This method uses many lights and can require an advanced light-grouping system, depending on what assigned materials/objects are illuminated, how many surfaces require false radiosity treatment, and to what extent it is anticipated that lighting strategies be set up for frequent changes.

References
Autodesk interview with Hartness about False Radiosity and real-time design

See also
Ambient occlusion
CGarchitect interviewReal-time 3D design 

3D computer graphics
Computer graphics algorithms
Image processing
Rendering systems
AutoMan. AutoMan is a series of software implementations used both for job scheduling and console operations automation for z/OS. These implementations range from simple scheduling to complex cross systems, monitoring and scheduling.

Design philosophy
The idea behind AutoMan is that a user should  have minimum automation software at any given time. These software may be flexible enough to be upgraded according to the needs of the user. AutoMan implements the high level programming language, so that users can make automated decisions at any step of the process. The GAL implementation in AutoMan allows the user to insert high-level language-interpreted code into exit points in the operating systems process.

As an example, AutoMan enables one to name a day or date, and schedule a task in relation to the date given. E.g. if a task is needed "at 9 A.M. on the day after Independence Day", Automan would, in America, define this as the day following American Independence Day, the 5th of July, and schedule the event for that day. However, if the following day would fall on a weekend, Automan would adjust the scheduling of the task to fall on the next work day).

While there are a number of other software products that provide either job scheduling or event automation services, Automan is distinguished by three services that are not provided by any other software. These are as follows:

  the ability to "go back in time," before the program was started and make decisions based on previous events.
 creation of new commands, and re-interpretation and modification of existing commands. 
 real time monitoring and scanning of printed output. This last—while very useful in monitoring and reacting to log files, particularly for z/OS web services—is arguably a very dangerous capability.

Because only one language is handling all events and schedules, text being output to a device can be altered after it has been written by an application but before it is printed. Although this function is most often used to send email or pager alerts when certain text is detected in the logging files, there is a danger that unscrupulous or dishonest users could use it to alter the content of reports or documents after they have been created but prior to output.

See also
 Generalized Automation Language

References

External links
 
 

Job scheduling
Messerschmitt M 24. 

The Messerschmitt M 24, otherwise known as the BFW M.24, was an airliner developed in Germany in the late 1920s as a further development in the series of designs produced by Messerschmitt, based on the M 18. Like the M 18 and its follow-on, the M 20, it was a high-wing cantilever monoplane with a fully enclosed cabin and fixed tailwheel undercarriage. It was slightly smaller than the M 20, seating only eight passengers instead of the ten that could be carried by the previous aircraft.

Two prototypes were initially built with BMW and Junkers inline engines, followed by two more with BMW-built Pratt & Whitney radials. However, Messerschmitt proved unable to sell the design, possibly due at least in part to the enmity of Deutsche Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch towards Messerschmitt.

The first M 24a (Junkers-engined, registered D-1767) was used commercially from 1930 by Nordbayerische Verkersflug on the Dresden-Chemnitz-Plauen-Nuremberg route, until it was lost in 1934.

Variants
M 24a - prototypes with BMW Va and Junkers L5G engines (two built)
M 24b - prototypes with BMW-built Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines (two built)

Specifications (M 24b)

Notes

References

1920s German airliners
M 24
Edmund James Palmer Norton. Sir Edmund James Palmer Norton (1865–1944) was an engineer of English descent who was born on the frontier between the Kingdom of Prussia and Denmark, though raised in England.  He is credited as a pioneer of Argentine viticulture.

Transandine Railway
After graduating with a degree in engineering his expertise in building railway bridges was requested to help build the Transandine Railway which connected the Argentine railroad from Mendoza to Santiago, Chile. This line, climbing through the Andes through a 12,000-foot pass, was built in one of the most difficult railroad terrains in the world.  Though the railway has not been functional since 1984, in 2006, both the Argentine and Chilean governments agreed to refurbish the railway and make it functional by the year 2010, at an estimated total cost of US$460 million.

Argentine viticulture
Once his work on the railway was completed, he moved to Bahía Blanca before returning to Mendoza in 1889 to settle permanently.  Though his formal training was in designing railway bridges, he soon sought other opportunities. In 1895 he founded the very first winery in the area, Bodega Norton, located to the south of the Mendoza River in the district of Perdriel, in the department of  Luján de Cuyo.  Norton recognized the Mendoza region's potential for wine cultivation and production, and planted grapes with vines imported from France.  He devoted the rest of his life to winemaking.  He married Juana Suarez and had several children, some of whom continued the family business.

Bodega Norton
In 1989, Bodega Norton was acquired by Austrian entrepreneur Gernot Langes–Swarovski, owner of Swarovski Crystal Company.  Bodega Norton now exports over 1.5 million cases annually.

See also

References

1865 births
1944 deaths
Argentine businesspeople
British railway civil engineers
Argentine winemakers
British emigrants to Argentina
Associated British Oil Engine Company. The Associated British Oil Engine Company (ABOE) was a British engineering company.  It started life as a combine, similar to Agricultural & General Engineers.  Petters Limited joined ABOE in 1937.  J&H McLaren & Co. was sold to ABOE in 1943, although it may have been a member from an earlier date. In 1945 Mirrlees, Bickerton and Day joined the group followed by the National Gas and Oil Engine company in 1950.

Later, ABOE became a more conventional company as the oil engine division of the Brush-ABOE Group of Companies, an ancestor of Brush Traction.

References

Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Engine manufacturers of the United Kingdom
Diesel engine manufacturers
Messerschmitt M 28. 

The Messerschmitt M 28 was a mail plane developed in Germany in the early 1930s to meet a requirement by Deutsche Luft Hansa. It was a single-engine, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design with an enclosed cockpit and fixed, tailskid undercarriage.

Despite successful trials, Luft Hansa changed its requirement and did not purchase the design, due possibly at least partly to the enmity of Luft Hansa director Erhard Milch towards Messerschmitt. This would be Messerschmitt's final attempt to market a commercial aircraft in Germany (the Messerschmitt M 36 was designed specifically for Romania), with the company subsequently returning to the production of sport aircraft instead.

Specifications

Notes

References

1930s German mailplanes
M 28
Low-wing aircraft
Kosmos-1. The Kosmos-1 (GRAU Index: 65S3, also known as Cosmos-1) was a Soviet carrier rocket (Kosmos (rocket family)), derived from the R-14 missile, which orbited satellites in 1964 and 1965. It served as an interim, and was quickly replaced by the Kosmos-3. Eight were flown, all launched from Site 41/15 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Initial development was authorised in October 1961, leading to a maiden flight on 18 August 1964, carrying three Strela satellites. Strela-1 satellites were flown on seven flights, three on each of the first four and five on the next three. The eighth and final  flight carried one. All flights were successful except the second.

Launch history

See also
Kosmos-2I
Kosmos-3M

References

Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union
Vehicles introduced in 1964
1964 in spaceflight
1965 in spaceflight
Fentonium bromide. Fentonium bromide (INN) is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic atropine derivative. In the US its patent number is 3,356,682. It is sold by Sanofi-Aventis and Zambon.

References

Tropanes
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Bromides
Aromatic ketones
Primary alcohols
Carboxylate esters
Biphenyls
Muscarinic antagonists
Rodney Bagley. Rodney D. Bagley (October 2, 1934-April 13, 2023) was an engineer and  co-inventor of the catalytic converter.

Rodney Bagley was born in Ogden, Utah, on 2 October 1934. He earned a B.S. in geological engineering in 1960, and a PhD in ceramic engineering in 1964, both from the University of Utah. He worked for Corning Incorporated from 1963 until his retirement in 1994, researching unique ceramic materials. Bagley is a Corning Research fellow, an American Ceramic Society fellow, and recipient of the Geijsbeck Award (1985) and the International Ceramics Prize (1996). He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002.

The Clean Air Act (1970) set new standards for automotive emissions. Bagley, as part of a Corning team that also included Irwin Lachman and geologist Ronald Lewis, invented the core, or substrate, used in modern catalytic converters. They developed the extrusion die along with a process that made a thin-walled, honeycomb cellular ceramic substrate. Thousands of cellular channels through the structure allowed for a large surface area. The inside surface area was then coated with a catalyst that reacted with pollutants, converting 95% of exhaust pollutants into harmless emissions, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. A restriction of the ceramic substrate was that due to its sensitivity, only lead-free gasoline could be used.  Ceramic substrate technology is now used by every automotive manufacturer in the world and is credited with reducing automotive pollutants by more than three billion tons worldwide.

References

1934 births
2023 deaths
People from Ogden, Utah
20th-century American inventors
University of Utah alumni
National Medal of Technology recipients