omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Diana Adlienė. Diana Adlienė (born 2 October 1954 in Kaunas) is a Lithuanian engineer, medical physicist and doctor of physical sciences. She is a professor in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at Kaunas University of Technology.

Life and work 
After graduating in 1977 from Dresden University of Technology (Germany) with a specialty in physical electronics, she taught in Lithuania at Kaunas University of Technology, 1977–1983 as head of the Laboratory of Ionic Devices at the Department of Physics and became a professor in 2008. She also interned at the King's College London (1999), Malmö University Hospital (Sweden), for three years, and the P. Scherrer Institute in Villigen (Switzerland).

Research 
Adlienė has been called the pioneer of medical physics in Lithuania and has served as a corresponding editor of the international journal Medical Physics in the Baltic States since 2006.

In addition to medical physics, her research includes radiation physics, radiation pollution, nuclear and neutron physics and dosimetry. With her colleagues at Kaunas University of Technology in 2003, she implemented the requirements for the university's medical physics master's study program and helped lay the groundwork for its implementation.

Through her work she has developed and implemented a breast cancer screening database (MAMOLIT) in Lithuania. She has also comprehensively analyzed the effects of ionizing radiation on the environment and the individual and applied the research results to the assessment of the radiation effects of the now-decommissioned Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania. 

Currently she is Kaunas University's Principal Researcher of RG "Radiation and Medical Physics."

Selected publications 
Adlienė has participated in five inventions, written educational books on general and nuclear physics and published more than 200 scientific articles. 

 Adlienė, Diana, Laurynas Gilys, and Egidijus Griškonis. "Development and characterization of new tungsten and tantalum containing composites for radiation shielding in medicine." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 467 (2020): 21-26.
 Jaselskė, Evelina, Diana Adlienė, Viktoras Rudžianskas, Benas Gabrielis Urbonavičius, and Arturas Inčiūra. "In vivo dose verification method in catheter based high dose rate brachytherapy." Physica Medica 44 (2017): 1-10.
 Adlienė, Diana, Karolis Jakštas, and Benas Gabrielis Urbonavičius. "In vivo TLD dose measurements in catheter-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy." Radiation protection dosimetry 165, no. 1-4 (2015): 477-481.
 Puišo, Judita, Diana Adlienė, A. Guobiene, I. Prosycevas, and R. Plaipaite-Nalivaiko. "Modification of Ag–PVP nanocomposites by gamma irradiation." Materials Science and Engineering: B 176, no. 19 (2011): 1562-1567.

References 

  

1954 births
Living people
Lithuanian scientists
Lithuanian physicists
Medical physicists
Women medical researchers
21st-century Lithuanian educators
21st-century Lithuanian women
21st-century Lithuanian scientists
21st-century women scientists
Scientists from Kaunas
Polar BEAR. Polar BEAR, short for Polar Beacon Experiment and Auroral Research, was a 1986 U.S. military space mission.  Also known as STP P87-1 or STP P87-A, the craft was built for the Air Force by Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory (APL).

To save money, the spacecraft was built on the Transit-O satellite retrieved from the National Air and Space Museum, where it had been on display for almost a decade. It was launched on November 13, 1986, from Vandenberg AFB. Its science mission was to investigate communications interference caused by solar flares and auroral activity, continuing the work of the previous HILAT ("High Latitude") mission.

References

External links
 
  - from Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory

Spacecraft launched in 1986
Military satellites of the United States
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Alison Flatau. Alison B. Flatau is an American aerospace engineer whose research involves smart materials and magnetostriction, changes in the physical shape of materials under magnetic fields, and in the application of nanowires built from these materials in controlling the flight of micro air vehicles. She is a professor and department chair of the Department of Aerospace Engineering in the A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Education and career
Flatau entered the University of Connecticut intending to study environmental engineering, but completed her degree in chemical engineering. Next, she spent four years as a research engineer at the National Small Wind Systems Test Site  in Colorado, a predecessor organization to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Returning to graduate study, Flatau studied mechanical engineering at the University of Utah, where she earned a master's degree and Ph.D.

From 1990 to 1998, she was a faculty member in the Iowa State University Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Department, and from 1998 to 2002 she worked as a program director for the National Science Foundation, in the Dynamical Systems Modeling Sensing and Control Program.

Since 2002, she has been a professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering in the A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland, College Park. She was the university's associate dean of research from 2009 to 2015. She became chair of Aerospace Engineering in 2022.

Recognition
Flatau was named as an ASME Fellow in 2006, and as a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2015. She was a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Magnetics Society in 2018.

She was the recipient of the 2010 Aerospace Engineering Educator of the Year Award of Women in Aerospace, of the 2010 SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Lifetime Achievement Award, and of the 2013 Adaptive Structures and Materials Systems Prize of the ASME.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American aerospace engineers
American women engineers
Women aerospace engineers
University of Connecticut alumni
University of Utah alumni
Iowa State University faculty
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
CodeWeek. EU Codeweek (also stylized as CodeWeek) is an initiative started in 2013 by the European Union to increase basic programming knowledge among children and young people.

History
Codeweek was launched in 2013 by Neelie Kroes – at the time Vice President of the European Commission – as part of a broader European digital agenda. With the increase in the number of devices running software, there is a growing need for programmers, and the organization wants to introduce children to computer language at a young age through this initiative.

Codeweek is a week during which free events are organized in schools, libraries, and other locations across Europe to teach more children and young people the basics of programming. In 2022, eighty European countries participated.

Participating countries 
By 2024, 45 countries are taking part in Code Week, featuring an annual competition that ranks countries by the ratio of activities to their population size. These are the participating countries. 

 Albania
 Argentina
 Armenia
 Austria
 Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic
 Denmark
 Estonia
 France
 Georgia
 Germany
 Greece
 Hungary
 Ireland
 Italy
 Jordan
 Kenya
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Lithuania
 Malta
 Moldova
 Monaco
 Netherlands
 North Macedonia
 Pakistan
 Palestine
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 Serbia
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Spain
 Sweden
 Thailand
 Tunisia
 Türkiye (Turkey)
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom
 United States

References

Computer science education
Lloyd Anderson (politician). Lloyd Edward Anderson (March 22, 1925 – March 9, 2017) was an American politician in the state of Oregon who served as a member of the Portland City Council from 1969 to 1974 and as the second executive director of the Port of Portland from 1974 to 1987.

Anderson attended the University of Washington, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering in 1950.  Before joining the city council, he worked for engineering firm CH2M for five years.

He was married to Pauline Anderson and lived in the Sellwood-Moreland neighborhood. He died on March 9, 2017, at age 91.

References 

Portland City Council members (Oregon)
Port of Portland (Oregon)
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
1925 births
2017 deaths
Chain reactions in living organisms. Chain reaction in chemistry and physics is a process that produces products capable of initiating subsequent processes of a similar nature. It is a self-sustaining sequence in which the resulting products continue to propagate further reactions. Examples of chain reactions in living organisms are lipid peroxidation in cell membranes  and propagation of excitation of neurons in epilepsy.

Lipid peroxidation in cell membranes
Nonenzymatic peroxidation occurs through the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically hydroxyl (HO•) and hydroperoxyl (HO) radicals, which initiate the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Other initiators of lipid peroxidation include ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide. The process of nonenzymatic peroxidation can be divided into three phases: initiation, propagation, and termination. 

During the initiation phase, fatty acid radicals are generated, which can propagate peroxidation to other molecules. This occurs when a free radical removes a hydrogen atom from a fatty acid, resulting in a lipid radical (L•) with an unpaired electron. 

In the propagation phase, the lipid radical reacts with oxygen (O2) or a transition metal, forming a peroxyl radical (LOO•). This peroxyl radical continues the chain reaction by reacting with a new unsaturated fatty acid, producing a new lipid radical (L•) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH). These primary products can further decompose into secondary products. 

The termination phase involves the interaction of a radical with an antioxidant molecule, such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E), which inhibits the propagation of chain reactions, thus terminating peroxidation. Another method of termination is the reaction between a lipid radical and a lipid peroxide, or the combination of two lipid peroxide molecules, resulting in stable nonreactive molecules. Reinforced lipids that become part of the membrane if consumed with heavy isotope diet also inhibit peroxidation.

Propagation of excitation of neurons in epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological condition marked by recurring seizures. It occurs when the brain's electrical activity becomes unbalanced, leading to repeated seizures. These seizures disrupt the normal electrical patterns in the brain, causing sudden and synchronized bursts of electrical energy. As a result, individuals may experience temporary changes in consciousness, movements, or sensations.

Glutamate excitotoxicity is thought to play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. The seizure-induced high flux of glutamate overstimulated glutamate receptors, which triggered a chain reaction of excitation in glutamatergic networks.

References

Chemical reactions
Biochemistry
Reciprocal human machine learning. Reciprocal Human Machine Learning (RHML) is an interdisciplinary approach to designing human-AI interaction systems. RHML aims to enable continual learning between humans and machine learning models by having them learn from each other. This approach keeps the human expert "in the loop" to oversee and enhance machine learning performance and simultaneously support the human expert continue learning.

Background 
RHML emerged in the context of the rise of big data analytics and artificial intelligence for intelligent tasks like sense-making and decision-making. As machine learning advanced to take on more roles, researchers realized fully autonomous systems had limitations and needed human guidance.

RHML extends the concept of human-in-the-loop systems by promoting reciprocal learning. Humans learn from their interactions with machine learning models, staying up-to-date on evolving technology. The models also learn from human feedback and oversight. This amplification of learning on both sides is a key focus of RHML.

The approach draws on theories of learning in dyads from education and psychology. It also builds on human-computer interaction and human-centered design principles. Implementing RHML requires developing specialized tools and interfaces tailored to the application

Applications 
RHML has been explored across diverse domains including:
Cybersecurity - Software to enable reciprocal learning between experts and AI models for social media threat detection.
Organizational decision-making - RHML to structure collaboration between humans and AI systems.
Workplace training - Using RHML for workers to learn from AI technologies on the job.
Open science - Using human and AI collaboration to promote open science.
Production and logistics - turning workers and intelligent machines into teammates.

RHML maintains human oversight and control over AI systems, while enabling cutting-edge machine learning performance. This collaborative approach highlights the importance of keeping the human expert involved in the loop.

References 

Machine learning
Human–computer interaction
Irene Gregory. Irene Michelle Gregory is an American aerospace engineer whose research involves control theory and its applications in the control of aircraft. In works with Naira Hovakimyan and others, she has pioneered the use of  adaptive control techniques in this application, which combine the protection against uncertain data or modeling errors of robust control with the fast estimation provided by adaptive control. She works as senior technologist for advanced control theory and applications in the NASA Engineering & Safety Center at the Langley Research Center.

Education and career
Gregory studied aeronautics and astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning bachelor's and master's degrees there, and has been working at the Langley Research Center since at least 1991.

She completed a Ph.D. in Control and Dynamic Systems at the California Institute of Technology, in 2004. Her doctoral dissertation, Design and Stability Analysis of an Integrated Controller for Highly Flexible Advanced Aircraft Utilizing the Novel Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion, was supervised by John Doyle.

Recognition
Gregory was named as a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2021.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American aerospace engineers
American women engineers
Women aerospace engineers
American control theorists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
NASA people
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
List of high-voltage transmission links in the United Kingdom. The following is a list of high-voltage transmission links in the United Kingdom, including some under construction or proposed.

The rise of UK interconnection  

During 2021, interconnectors provided 28TWh of electricity to the UK, which equates to 10% of total demand, whilst in 2009 this figure was 7TWh.

Interconnectors allow the trade of electricity between countries with excess renewable generation and those with high demand. Interconnectors play a key part in balancing variable renewable generation, for example the North Sea Link allows the UK to export excess power to Norway during windy periods to conserve Norwegian hydro stocks and import Norwegian hydro power on less windy days.

During 2022, the UK exported record amounts of power to mainland Europe, helping to alleviate the effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on European security of supply.

International links 
Per the below list, the United Kingdom has  an international interconnector capacity of 9,700 MW.

National links 
Per the below list, the United Kingdom has, , a national interconnector capacity of  MW.

See also

Electricity sector in the United Kingdom
List of power stations in the United Kingdom
List of high-voltage transmission links in Denmark
List of high-voltage transmission links in Norway
List of high-voltage transmission links in Ireland

References 

the United Kingdom
Electric power infrastructure in the United Kingdom
the United Kingdom
Electrical interconnectors to and from Great Britain
High-voltage transmission
Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom
Krylo-SV. Krylo-SV is a Russian Roscosmos project to develop a reusable space launch vehicle.

History 
The conceptual design was approved in May 2019.

By mid 2023, drop tests of a technology demonstrator were planned for September 2023.

Design 
The first stage will deploy a wing and use a jet engine for recovery to allow reuse.

See also 
 Energia (rocket)

References 

Russian spacecraft
Reusable launch systems
Roscosmos
Beneteau Escapade. The Beneteau Escapade is a French sailboat that was designed by André Bénéteau as a cruiser and first built in 1976.

Production
The design was built by Beneteau in France, starting in 1976, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Escapade is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a cutter rig with a bowsprit, with one set of unswept spreaders and aluminium spars with stainless steel wire standing rigging. The hull has a highly raked stem, an angled transom, an keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed long keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with an inboard  diesel engine for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth berth in the bow cabin, a drop down dinette table that forms a double berth in the main salon and a quarter berth on the starboard side, under the cockpit. The galley is located on the starboard side of the main salon. The galley is of straight configuration and is equipped with a two-burner stove, an ice box and a sink. A sliding chart table is mounted aft of the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by André Bénéteau
Sailboat types built by Beneteau
Rick Osterloh. Rick Osterloh is an American executive and the Senior Vice President of Devices & Services at Google. He manages the business units responsible for developing Pixel, Google Nest, and Fitbit devices. Osterloh's professional journey includes roles such as the President of Motorola Mobility and Vice President of Product and Design at Skype. Furthermore, he serves on the Board of Directors of First Republic Bank.

Education 
Rick Osterloh earned bachelor's and master's degrees in industrial engineering and completed an MBA at Stanford University.

Career 
His career commenced at Amazon.com as a product manager, following which he contributed to product development and strategy at Good Technology, a mobile security company. Osterloh later transitioned to Skype and led the software and hardware product development. In 2012, he joined Motorola Mobility and held various positions, culminating in his role as President, overseeing the design, engineering, and marketing of smartphones, tablets, and wearables. His return to Google in 2016 marked the establishment of a new hardware division unifying various projects, including Chromebook, Chromecast, Google Home, and Google Pixel. He supervised the acquisition of HTC's smartphone design team in 2017, and the acquisition of Fitbit in 2020. In 2024, Rick Osterloh was put in charge of Google's new Platforms and Devices team. The team is in charge of ensuring continuity between Pixel, Nest, Android, and Chrome.

Osterloh played a significant role in the development and launch of various Google products, including the Pixel 2, Pixel 3, Pixel 4, Pixel 5, Pixel 6, Pixelbook, Pixel Slate, Pixelbook Go, Nest Hub, Nest Hub Max, Nest Mini, Nest Audio, Nest Wifi, Nest Thermostat, Nest Hello, Nest Cam, Nest Protect, Nest Secure, Stadia, and Pixel Buds.

References

External links 
 Rick Osterloh's profile on Google Blog
 Rick Osterloh's profile on Google I/O

American business executives
Google employees
Motorola employees
Skype people
Stanford University alumni
20th-century births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Michael Buro. Michael Buro is a Canadian AI Researcher and the creator of the Skat-playing computer program Kermit, as well as the Othello-playing computer program Logistello.

Professional career
Michael Buro is a professor at the University of Alberta in the Computer Science department. He got his PhD from the University of Paderborn in Computer Science in 1994.

Contributions

Michael Buro received his PhD for his work on Logistello - an Othello program that later defeated the reigning human World champion Takeshi Murakami 6-0 in 1997. The considerable playing strength of Logistello was based on its fast endgame solver, automatic opening book learning, selective alpha-beta search, and its fast and accurate state evaluator that was trained on millions of game positions. Michael's current research interests include heuristic search, machine learning, abstraction, state inference, and agent modelling applied to games. In these areas he and his students have made numerous contributions, ranging from developing fast geometric pathfinding algorithms, over hierarchical search methods, to creating one of the World's best program for Skat - a popular 3-player card game.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
Living people
Paderborn University alumni
Compound internal combustion engine. A compound internal combustion engine is a type of internal combustion engine (ICE) where gasses of combustion are expanded in two or more stages. A typical arrangement for a compound ICE is that the fuel/air is first combusted and expanded in one of two alternating 4-stroke combustion high-pressure (HP) cylinders, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into a larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinder, where it is re-expanded extracting more work from it. 

The crankshaft is arranged so the two high-pressure cylinders have synchronized reciprocating motion, while the low-pressure cylinder throw is positioned at a 180-degree phase difference from the high-pressure throws causing opposing reciprocating motion between the high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders.

History
Compound ICEs have been around for nearly as long as standard ICEs with the first patent being issued to Nicolaus Otto's Deutz company in 1879. This design was likely created by then Deutz employee Gottlieb Daimler.

Other designs for compound ICEs were patented by well known engine designers Rudolf Diesel in 1892 and James Atkinson in 1903.
The Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company produced a series of automobiles with compound ICEs from 1900 to 1908. 
The engines in these vehicles ranged from 2 cylinders (1908 model) to 6 cylinders (1907 model).

In 2000 the design was "re-patented" as the five-stroke engine by Gerhard Schmitz. This design was prototyped by British engineering company Ilmor.

Compound ICE patents

 Deutz 1879
 Forest-Gallice 1888
 Connelly 1888
 Diesel 1892
 Bales 1897
 Atkinson 1903
 Babled 1903
 Butler 1904
 Eisenhuth (multiple) 1904–1907
 Abbot 1910
 Schmitz 2000

See also
 Atkinson cycle
 Four-stroke engine
 Free piston engine
 History of the internal combustion engine
 Compound steam engine
 Turbo-compound engine

References

Internal combustion engine