omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
The Bay Institute. The Bay Institute (TBI) is a nonprofit research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to protecting and restoring the ecosystem of the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and the estuary's tributary rivers, streams, and watersheds. Created in 1981, TBI's scientific experts have worked to secure stronger protections for endangered species and their habitats; improve water quality; reform how California manages its water resources; and promote comprehensive ecological restoration from the Sierra to the sea. 

The Bay Institute is a part of the nonprofit Bay Ecotarium, which also includes the Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco.

The institute's major programs cover the Coast and Ocean, Rivers and the  Delta, and San Francisco Bay Restoration.

References

External links

San Francisco Bay
1981 establishments in California
Research institutes in the San Francisco Bay Area
Environmental organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Kinetic triangulation. A kinetic triangulation data structure is a kinetic data structure that maintains a triangulation of a set of moving points. Maintaining a kinetic triangulation is important for applications that involve motion planning, such as video games, virtual reality, dynamic simulations and robotics.

Choosing a triangulation scheme
The efficiency of a kinetic data structure is defined based on the ratio of the number of internal events to external events, thus good runtime bounds can sometimes be obtained by choosing to use a triangulation scheme that generates a small number of external events.
For simple affine motion of the points, the number of discrete changes to the convex hull is estimated by , thus the number of changes to any triangulation is also lower bounded by . Finding any triangulation scheme that has a near-quadratic bound on the number of discrete changes is an important open problem.

Delaunay triangulation
The Delaunay triangulation seems like a natural candidate, but a tight worst-case analysis of the number of discrete changes that will occur to the Delaunay triangulation (external events) was considered an open problem until 2015; it has now been bounded to be between  and .

There is a kinetic data structure that efficiently maintains the Delaunay triangulation of a set of moving points, in which the ratio of the total number of events to the number of external events is .

Other triangulations
Kaplan et al. developed a randomized triangulation scheme that experiences an expected number of  external events, where  is the maximum number of times each triple of points can become collinear, , and  is the maximum length of a Davenport-Schinzel sequence of order s + 2 on n symbols.

Pseudo-triangulations
There is a kinetic data structure (due to Agarwal et al.) which maintains a pseudo-triangulation in  events total. All events are external and require  time to process.

References

Kinetic data structures
Triangulation (geometry)
NASU Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies. Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies (IPPT) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

History
In 1959 on an initiative of young enthusiasts and support of the Mykolaiv city authorities there was created a joint laboratory for studying a new phenomenon at that time as high-voltage charge in water (see electrohydrodynamics) and processes that accompany it.

Institute was established in 1991 on the basis of Planning and Design Bureau of Electrohydraulics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which existed in Mykolaiv since 1962. It specializes in studies of physical and technical aspects of high-voltage electric discharge in condensed matter, the creation of highly environmentally friendly resource and energy saving pulse technology on its basis.

IPPT is a scientific-industrial complex that includes the  Institute, a research plant and research and development center "VEGA". The structure of the institute - five academic departments (electrophysical studies dept., dept.  of pulse energy conversion processes and their management, dept. of  methods and techniques of pulsed impact onto liquid metals and crystallizing alloys, dept. of the intensification  of production of minerals, dept. of pulse electrical systems), and three engineering department.

More than 1000 technological systems for the foundry, metallurgical, mining and other industries were developed in the IPPT. The following unique facilities were created: Laboratory park for studying the physical processes in the electric explosion, pulsed power capacitors laboratory for the study of processes in the cores of rock at a pressure of 500 atmospheres and temperatures up to 1000 °C and metallographic and metallophysical complexes.

Since 1977 the Institute and its predecessor are publishing a collection of scientific papers.

Directors
 1962 — 1969 Oleksandr Sorochynskyi
 1969 — 1988 Hryhoriy Hulyi
 1988 — Oleksandr Vovchenko

External links
 Official website

Research institutes in Ukraine
Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
NASU department of physical and technical issues of material studies
Engineering research institutes
Materials science institutes
Buildings and structures in Mykolaiv
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
1962 establishments in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1962
Tanel Tammet. Tanel Tammet is an Estonian computer scientist, professor, software engineer, and computer programmer. He was also one of the founding members of the Estonian Greens party, and helped found the IT College in Tallinn.

Life and career
Born in 1965, Tammet had early access to the University of Tartu's computers through his father's work at the physics department. As a result, he eventually graduated from the university's maths department in applied mathematics, specializing in information technology. He took interest in automated theorem proving and graduated from the Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology with a Ph.D. in 1992. He lived in Sweden for the most part of that decade, then returned to Tallinn.

Tammet received international renown for his automated theorem proving program Gandalf, which won different categories of the Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE) CASC competition six times between 1997 and 2003. He has been the Estonian delegate to the Information Systems Technology Panel of the NATO Research and Technology Organisation, and written about cyber security. He often teaches or speaks about artificial intelligence, and has asserted that it already exists, albeit in a primitive and distributed form.

From 2006, Tammet was a founding member and member of the board of the Estonian Greens. The party was elected into the Riigikogu the following year with 7.1% of the nationwide vote, which granted them six seats. In 2010, amid growing tensions following their failed runs in the European Parliament and local elections in 2009, Tammet along with 19 other members was thrown out of the party. It subsequently failed to reach the minimum 5% of the vote needed in the 2011 parliamentary elections and faded.

Tammet is a professor at the Tallinn University of Technology and is the faculty manager of its computer science institute. Formerly he had helped found the Tallinn IT College and was on its board of advisors from its inception in 2003. Tammet has also worked in the Institute of Cybernetics in Tallinn. In 2012, he received attention for the creation of Sightsmap, a website which visualizes the popularity of places around the world based on data from Panoramio, Wikipedia, and Foursquare City Guide.

Tammet has two children. In 2002, he was issued the fifth class of the Order of the White Star.

Books
 Tammet, Tanel; Teejuht võrgumaailma, Tartu : Ilmamaa, 1997. 
 Tamme, Tõnu; Tammet, Tanel; Prank, Rein; Loogika: Mõtlemisest tõestamiseni, Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1997.

References

External links
 Personal page on Google Sites
 Sightsmap

1965 births
Living people
Estonian computer scientists
Estonian Greens politicians
University of Tartu alumni
Scientists from Tallinn
21st-century Estonian politicians
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 5th Class
Kestrel (surveillance system). Kestrel is a wide-area motion imagery (or persistent surveillance) system used on aerostats at U.S. forward operating bases in Afghanistan to monitor the surrounding areas. Developed by Logos Technologies, the system is equipped with electro-optical and infrared cameras, providing day/night force protection and overwatch to troops.

Development

Kestrel has its roots in Constant Hawk, a wide-area sensor suite developed by Logos Technologies as well,  in 2006, for use on crewed U.S. Army aircraft.

In late 2010, the ISR Task Force and Army requested a version of Constant Hawk for aerostats. Contracted through the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, the Kestrel program delivered four units the following year. However, these first four Kestrels lacked an infrared capability, and by June 2012, were replaced by 10 day/night systems and six spares.

In 2017, Logos Technologies unveiled its even lighter Kestrel Block II wide-area motion imagery system at the International Defence Exhibition & Conference, in Abu Dhabi. This new sensor saw its first sale to a military customer the following year.

Capabilities

Kestrel employs six cameras housed in a gimbal, providing a 360-degree panoramic view of “a city-sized” area”  in medium resolution. The system allows operators to track multiple suspects at once and can automatically monitor user-designated zones. Kestrel transmits imagery to the user in real time and can also record up to 30 days of events.

The next-generation Kestrel Block II shares those same capabilities, but in a smaller and lighter form factor (less than 85 pounds, or 40 kg, versus 150 pounds, or 68 kg).

Civilian Use

The Kestrel system also has applications for border security. In March 2012, the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security conducted a seven-day demonstration of Kestrel in Nogales, Ariz. Kestrel was mounted on an aerostat and worked in coordination with a high-resolution full motion video camera. The purpose of the test was to see how well Kestrel could detect and track illegal entrants, drug smugglers and gunrunners crossing the U.S.-Mexican border.

Since its deployment in Afghanistan and testing along the U.S.-Mexico border, Kestrel has led to the development of other wide-area sensors, such as Simera. Also an aerostat-mounted system, Simera is composed of 13 electro-optical cameras and weighs only 40lbs. However, unlike the original Kestrel system, Simera is exportable to non-U.S. countries. Four units were used by Brazil’s Ministry of Justice at the 2016 Olympics, in Rio de Janeiro.

See also

• Autonomous Real-Time Ground Ubiquitous Surveillance Imaging System (ARGUS-IS)

• Constant Hawk

• CorvusEye 1500

• Gorgon Stare

• Redkite

• Wide-area_motion_imagery

References

Aerostats
Military intelligence collection
Surveillance
Vectored interrupt. In computer science, a vectored interrupt is a processing technique in which the interrupting device directs the processor to the appropriate interrupt service routine. This is in contrast to a polled interrupt system, in which a single interrupt service routine must determine the source of the interrupt by checking all potential interrupt sources, a slow and relatively laborious process.

Implementation
Vectored interrupts are achieved by assigning each interrupting device a unique code, typically four to eight bits in length. When a device interrupts, it sends its unique code over the data bus to the processor, telling the processor which interrupt service routine to execute.

References

Computer architecture
Interrupts
Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility. The Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility (CNF) is a scientific user facility and cleanroom which is located at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.  The CNF is one of the sixteen members of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (NNCI).

The CNF was started as part of a National Science Foundation initiative in 1977, and has subsequently been partially supported by several other NSF programs.  It currently receives about $20 million each year in federal funding.  In 2004 the CNF moved into its current facility, Duffield Hall, supported by $100 million in support from Cornell.  It now includes 15,000 square feet of Level 1000 cleanroom as well as several times more non-cleanroom laboratory space. In 2009 the NNIN received $10 million as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

The CNF is a general user facility, and while many users are from Cornell or other nearby universities, it also draws users from a wide range of universities and companies around the world.  Roughly 700 scientists use the facility every year, half of whom are associated with Cornell.

The CNF is used for research in a wide range of fields such as MEMS, microfluidics, nanomagnetics and bioelectronics. It includes fabrication tools for processes including electron-beam lithography, photolithography, chemical vapor deposition, electron-beam deposition and reactive ion etching.  It also contains characterization equipment including scanning electron microscopes, ellipsometers and probe stations for electrical measurement.

References

Cornell University
Celier XeWing. The Celier XeWing (contraction of Xenon Wing) is a Polish ultralight aircraft that was designed by Frenchman Raphael Celier and produced by his company Celier Aviation of Jaktorów-Kolonia, Poland. It was introduced at AERO Friedrichshafen in 2009. The aircraft was intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

By 2012 the company was no longer advertising the XeWing and it is unlikely that it progressed beyond the prototype stage.

Design and development
The XeWing was developed by mating the fuselage from the Celier Xenon 2 gyroplane with a newly designed strut-braced parasol wing in place of the rotor system. The aircraft was intended to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft wing is made from aluminum sheet, has a span of  and an area of . The wing can be folded for ground transportation and storage. The standard engine specified was the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant.

Despite the commonality of the fuselage and engine package with the Xenon 2, the XeWing cannot swap its fixed wing for a rotor system.

Specifications (XeWing)

References

2000s Polish ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Twin-boom aircraft
USNS John Glenn. USNS John Glenn (T-ESD-2), (formerly MLP-2) is a United States Navy Expeditionary Transfer Dock ship named in honor of John Glenn, a Naval Aviator, retired United States Marine Corps colonel, veteran of World War II and the Korean War, astronaut, and United States senator.

Design

The Expeditionary Transfer Dock is a new concept, part of the Maritime Prepositioning Force of the future. To control costs, the ships will not be built to combat vessel standards and are designed primarily to support three military hovercraft (such as the Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)), vehicle staging with a sideport ramp and large mooring fenders. A decision was made to eliminate helicopter capability and ship-to-ship transfer of heavy equipment.

The propulsion motors are of British design and build. Power conversion company Converteam was selected as the supplier of Integrated Power Systems with the award of an additional contract to design and supply the electric power, propulsion and vessel automation system.

As an auxiliary support ship, her role would be a seagoing pier for friendly forces in case accessibility to onshore bases is denied. Such flexibility would be useful following natural disasters and for supporting US Marines once they are ashore.

Construction

The ship's keel was laid down on 17 April 2012 at the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO) shipyard in San Diego, California. She was christened on 2 February 2014 and was attended by John Glenn and his family. Other Navy and Marine guest speakers that attended the ceremony include Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions) Sean Stackley, Chief of Naval Operations Jonathan Greenert, and Lieutenant General John A. Toolan.

John Glenn was delivered in 2014 to the Military Sealift Command's Maritime Prepositioning Force. As an ESD, the ship is under the command of the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command, and thus will not be commissioned into the US Navy (hence her designation prefix, "USNS"). The ship will undergo further construction additions at the Vigor Shipyard in Portland, Oregon.

Ship re-designation
Effective 4 September 2015, U.S. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus officially announced the creation of a new ship designation, "E" for expeditionary support.  Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) will be called Expeditionary Fast Transport, or EPF; the Mobile Landing Platform (MLP) will be called Expeditionary Transfer Dock, or ESD; and the Afloat Forward Staging Base (AFSB) variant of the MLP will be called Expeditionary Mobile Base, or ESB. The new designation was pursuant to a memorandum sent to Secretary Mabus from Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Jonathan Greenert dated 31 August 2015.

References

External links 

Montford Point-class mobile landing platforms
Auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
Ships built in San Diego
2013 ships
John Glenn
HMAS Silver Cloud. HMAS Silver Cloud (52) was a luxury motor cruiser, commissioned as a channel patrol boat operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was one of thirteen similar vessels, known to Sydneysiders as the 'Hollywood Fleet'.

Silver Cloud was a 65 ft cruiser built in 1939 by Lars Halvorsen and Sons. At the time she was launched, she was the third Silver Cloud built for Jack Bruce, cousin of Stanley M Bruce, former Prime Minister and later Australia's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. She was  with a beam of  powered by twin eight cylinder 180 hp Gray Marine engines. She included a two berth cabin, a single berth cabin, a crews cabin, galley with gas stove and electric refrigerator, shower room, toilet, dining saloon and a deck saloon. Keel and frames were of spotted gum, New Zealand kauri planking and Queensland maple superstructure and interior woodwork.

She was requisitioned and later commissioned by the RAN on 21 July 1941 under the command of Lieutenant R E Breydon, RANR. She was armed with Vickers machine guns fore and aft and depth charge racks on the stern.

During the Battle of Sydney Harbour (often referred to as the attack on Sydney Harbour), on 31 May and 1 June 1942, Silver Cloud remained moored to the wharf in Rushcutters Bay.

Whilst the RAN Sea Power Centre histories record her being employed on patrol duties of the swept channels to seaward of Sydney, and on patrol duties on the NSW coast, there is no record in the Sydney Log of Silver Cloud leaving Sydney after the Battle of Sydney Harbour.  In 1978 when discussing the Battle of Sydney Harbour, Reg Andrew (former commander of HMAS Seamist) said Silver Cloud rarely ‘ever’ went on patrol as she was for ‘base duties and VIP cruises’.

On 12 July 1943 whilst getting underway at Hunters Bay, Sydney Harbour, Silver Cloud was consumed by fire. She was towed to the nearby wharf at HMAS Penguin where the local fire brigade was able to extinguish the fire, however the fire destroyed a large portion of the vessel to the waterline. A proposal was considered by the RAN for her to be re-built as a stores vessels, however, this was rejected and the remaining hull was sold to Lars Halvorsen and Sons.

Halvorsens subsequently re-built her. She remains afloat (May 2020) and in use.

Notes

References
Blunt, William; Lolita and the Hollywood Fleet, First Edition, May 2020.  http://www.lolitaandthehollywoodfleet.com This publication includes an analysis of specific aspects of the Battle of Sydney Harbour, failures by the Navy, and comprehensive details of the thirteen vessels that formed the 'Hollywood Fleet'

1933 ships
Patrol vessels of the Royal Australian Navy
Maritime incidents in July 1943
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2-carbonitrile. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonitrile is a chemical which is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States. It is defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

See also
BIDN
Cloflubicyne

References

Nitriles
Pesticides
Norbornanes
Chlormephos. Chlormephos (chemical formula: C5H12ClO2PS2) is an organothiophosphate insecticide. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

Chloromephos exhibits its toxic effects via the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, this is the same mechanism of action as the notorious chemical weapons known as V-series nerve agents.

References

Organothiophosphate esters
Insecticides
Ethyl esters
Organochlorides
Kinetic heater. A Kinetic Heater is a kinetic priority queue similar to a kinetic heap, that makes use of randomization to simplify its analysis in a way similar to a treap. Specifically, each element has a random key associated with it in addition to its priority (which changes as a continuous function of time as in all kinetic data structures). The kinetic heater is then simultaneously a binary search tree on the element keys, and a heap on the element priorities. The kinetic heater achieves (expected) asymptotic performance bounds equal to the best kinetic priority queues. In practice however, it is less efficient since the extra random keys need to be stored, and the procedure to handle certificate failure is a (relatively complicated) rotation instead of a simple swap.

Implementation 
If every element has a key and a priority associated with it, then there is a unique tree structure that is simultaneously a search tree on the keys and a heap on the priorities - this structure corresponds to the treap (if the priorities are randomly chosen) or the kinetic heater (if the keys are randomly chosen).

The validity of the tree structure is ensured by creating a certificate at each edge that enforces the heap property on that edge. The main operational difference between a kinetic heap and a kinetic heater is in how they respond to certificate failures. When a certificate on an edge fails, a kinetic heater will perform a rotation around the nodes that failed (instead of the swap that a kinetic heap would perform).

For example, consider the elements B (with parent F) and its left child D (with right child C). When the certificate [B>D] on the edge BD fails, the tree will be rotated around this edge. Thus in this case the resulting structure has D in place of B, C becomes a child of B instead ofD, and there are three certificate changes [B>D] replaced with [D>B], [D>C] replaced with [B>C] and [F>B] replaced with [F>D]. Everything else stays the same.

Analysis 
This kinetic data structure is:
 Responsive: There are O(1) certificate updates that need to be done when a certificate fails, which takes O(log n) time
 Local: Each element is involved in O(1) certificates
 Compact: There are O(n) total certificates
 Efficient: It has the same (expected) asymptotic performance as kinetic hanger, kinetic tournament - for a collection of space-time trajectories where each pair intersects at most  times, the kinetic heater processes  events in time, where   is a Davenport-Schinzel sequence.

References 

 

Kinetic data structures
Heaps (data structures)
Probabilistic data structures