omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy. Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) is a technique in analytical chemistry. Developed in the late 2000s, it involves the analysis of the changes in sound frequency generated when a solute dissolves in a solvent, by harnessing the hot chocolate effect.

The technique is partly based on the solubility difference of gas in pure solvents and in solutions. The dissolution of a compound in a pure solvent results in the generation of gas bubbles in the solvent, due to the lowering of gas solubility in the resulting solution, as well as the introduction of gases with the solute. The presence of these gas bubbles increases the compressibility of the solution, thereby lowering the velocity of sound in the solution. This effect can be monitored by means of the frequency change of acoustic resonances that are mechanically produced in the solvent.

Principles of the BARDS response

Water is approximately 800 times more dense than air. However, air is approximately 15,000 times more compressible than water. The velocity of sound, υ, in a homogeneous liquid or gas is given by the following equation:

where ρ is the mass density and K the compressibility of the gas or liquid. K is given as:

where V is the volume of the medium, and dV is the volume decrease due to the pressure increase dp of the sound wave. When water is filled with air bubbles, the fluid density is essentially the density of water, and the air will contribute significantly to the compressibility. Crawford derived the relationship between fractional bubble volume and sound velocity in water, and hence the sound frequency in water, given as.

where υw and υ are the velocities of sound in pure and bubble-filled water, respectively, fw and f are the frequencies of sound in pure and bubble-filled water, respectively, Va is defined as the fractional volume occupied by gas bubbles, and α is a constant. When the solvent is water and the gas is air, the value of α is 1.49 × 104.

The effect of changes in solution density and solution compressibility are additive and reinforce the phenomenon, causing a significant decrease in the velocity of sound and, therefore, a significant decrease in the frequency of sound passing through an aerated solution.

Applications

BARDS has significant potential as an analytical technique. Applications researched so far include:

 Batch consistency analysis
 Blend uniformity analysis
 Polymorph and pseudopolymorph discrimination
 Monitoring of supersaturation of solutions and rates of outgassing

See also
The hot chocolate effect, the physical phenomenon on which the technique is based.
Acoustic resonance spectroscopy

References

Spectroscopy
Integrated Language Environment. The Integrated Language Environment (ILE) is a programming model developed by IBM for their AS/400 line of computers and remains an important part of the IBM i programming environment.

Languages 
IBM provides ILE compilers for C, C++, RPG, COBOL and CL. For RPG, COBOL and CL, there are both OPM compilers (still sometimes used for legacy applications) and the new ILE compilers. Likewise, as well as ILE C, there was an earlier EPM-based C/400, although that has been discontinued. Pascal and FORTRAN compilers were made available for EPM, but ILE compilers for those languages have never been released; likewise, BASIC and PL/1 compilers were available for OPM, but ILE compilers have never been released for those languages either.

History
On February 16, 1993 IBM announced that V2R3 of OS/400 would include major changes to its programming language support – the introduction of ILE. It provided a common interface among the disparate programming languages available to the AS/400 computer platform. ILE was an improvement on the two existing programming models available on OS/400 – the Original Program Model (OPM), which was used for traditional business programming languages such as RPG and COBOL; and the Extended Programming Model (EPM), which was introduced for use by C and Pascal. OS/400 (now IBM i) continues to support OPM and EPM to run legacy applications, but new development is encouraged to be in ILE (or PASE, the Portable Applications System Environment, which provides partial binary compatibility with AIX).

References

IBM software
College of Engineering, Pathanapuram. College of Engineering, Pathanapuram (Malayalam: പത്തനാപുരം എഞ്ചിനീയറിംഗ് കോളേജ്) was established in 2011.
It is one of the fourteen Professional institution under the Co-operative Academy of Professional Education (CAPE Kerala). established by Government of Kerala.

The AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) has given approval for the conduct of the courses. The state government has sanctioned four B.Tech degree courses, and the A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University has academically accredited it.

History 
Started in 2011. First published around 2000.

Affiliated University 

The Institution was affiliated to Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) but has recently changed its affiliation to a relatively new university called A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University, formerly known as Kerala Technological University (KTU).

Admission 
Admission is made as per the rank obtained by eligible candidates in the state-level Common Entrance Exam (KEAM) conducted by the Commissioner for Entrance Examination(CEE). 15% of the sanctioned intake of students in each course are available for admission to NRI quota seats, in which the admissions are made by the college. The Engineering Diploma holders are admitted directly to the 3rd semester by Lateral entry Scheme.

Location 
The college is located at Elikkatoor, near Piravanthoor junction on the side of Punalur-Muvattupuzha road (between Punalur and Pathanapuram) which is 7 km from Punalur and 8 km from Pathanapuram.

Courses offered 

The institution offers B.Tech courses in

 Civil Engineering (60 Seats),
 Computer Science & Engineering (60 Seats). 
 Electrical and Electronics Engineering (60 Seats),
 Electronics and Communication Engineering (60 Seats),
Mechanical engineering (60 Seats).
The Institution offers Diploma courses in
 Renewable Energy (60 Seats),
 Robotic Process Automation (60 Seats),
 Electrical and Electronics (60 Seats),
 Electronics and Communication (60 Seats).

See also 
 A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University
 List of Engineering Colleges in Kerala

References

External links 
 Official Website 
 Facebook Page 
 CAPE Kerala 

Engineering colleges in Kollam district
Educational institutions established in 2011
2011 establishments in Kerala
Rand-Robinson KR-3. The Rand-Robinson KR-3 is an American amphibious aircraft that was designed by Ken Rand.

Design and development
The KR-3 is a two-seat composite construction amphibious aircraft. The landing gear is hydraulically retractable. The prototype was demonstrated at the EAA airshow in 1977, demonstrating water taxi tests.

Specifications (KR-3)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
KR-3
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Flying boats
Amphibious aircraft
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
1970s United States sport aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft
Giles G-200. The Giles G-200 is an American aerobatic homebuilt aircraft that was produced by AkroTech Aviation of Scappoose, Oregon. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft or a kit for amateur construction. The first customer-built aircraft made its first flight on May 26, 1996. AkroTech Aviation went out of business and the design is no longer in production.

Design and development
The G-200 features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from composites. Its  span wing employs a Mort airfoil, has full-span ailerons but no flaps and a wing area of . The cabin width is  and has provisions for pilots from  in height and  to  and . When the aircraft was in production custom cockpit sizes were also available as options.

The G-200's acceptable installed power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming IO-360 powerplant.

The G-200 has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied quick-build kit as 1000 hours.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 26 kits had been sold and one aircraft was flying.

In December 2013 ten examples were registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, with a further two no longer registered. There was one G-200 registered with Transport Canada.

Pilot Mike Goulian described flying the G-200:

Specifications (G-200)

See also
List of aerobatic aircraft

References

External links

Photo of a G-200

G-200
1990s United States sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Hillman Hornet. The Hilman Hornet is a two place homebuilt helicopter.

Development
The Hillman Hornet is a two place side by side helicopter designed for homebuilt construction. it features an enclosed cabin without side doors. The helicopter was an evolution of the Helicom H-1 Commuter Jr funded by 10 San Luis Obispo County investors.

Variants
HornetStandard piston engined homebuilt helicopter.
Turbo Hornet Turboshaft powered variant of the Hornet

Specifications (Hillman Hornet)

See also

References

Helicopters
Alec Muffett. Alec David Edward Muffett (born 22 April 1968) is an Anglo-American internet security expert and software engineer..

Career 
Muffett joined Sun Microsystems in 1992, working initially as a systems administrator. He rose through the ranks to become the principal engineer for security, a position which he held until he was retrenched, with many others, in 2009 (shortly before Oracle acquired Sun). While at Sun he was one of the researchers who worked on the factorization of the 512 bit RSA Challenge Number; RSA-155 was successfully factorized in August 1999. He created Crack, the original password cracker for Unix, and for the CrackLib password-integrity testing library.

In 2015, Muffett was named as one of the top six influential security thinkers by SC Magazine.

Muffett assisted in creating .onion websites for The New York Times, Wikipedia, BBC News, Brave, Twitter, The Guardian, and Reddit.

References

External links
 Personal blog

Computer security specialists
1968 births
Living people
Alumni of University College London
Place of birth missing (living people)
American software engineers
British software engineers
Sun Microsystems people
InfoSec Twitter
Hooksafe. Hooksafe is a hypervisor-based lightweight system that protects an operating system's kernel hooks from rootkit attacks.

It prevents thousands of kernel hooks in the guest operating system from being hijacked. This is achieved by making a shadow copy of all the kernel hooks at one central place and adding an indirection layer on it to regulate attempts to access the hooks. A prototype of Hooksafe was used on a Linux guest and protected nearly 6000 kernel hooks.  It focuses on protecting kernel control data that are function pointers. It provides large scale hook protection with small performance overhead

History
Prior rootkit thwarting systems include: Panorama, Hookfinder and systems focused on analyzing rootkit behavior, Copilot, VMwatcher and systems that detect rootkits based on symptoms, Patagonix, NICKLE and systems aimed to preserve kernel code integrity by preventing malicious rootkit code from executing.

See also
Rootkit

References

External links
  VMwatcher

Utility software types
Stab-Lok. Stab-Lok is a brand name of electrical circuit breakers that were manufactured primarily by Federal Pacific Electric from 1950 to 1980.
In June 1980, Reliance Electric, which had purchased FPE, reported to the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission that "many FPE circuit breakers did not fully comply with Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) requirements. Commission testing confirmed that these breakers fail certain UL calibration test requirements."
In 2018 it was reported that Stab-Lok breakers and panels, made by FPE and other companies, were still in use, and it was recommended that they be removed as a potential fire hazard.

Safety issues
It has been widely reported in news media and online that Stab-Lok circuit breakers, and panels, do not meet the requirements of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) and Underwriters Laboratories, and should be replaced.

According to a 2012 news report by NBC Bay Area (KNTV):

According to an independent analysis performed by Jesse Aronson, P.E.:

According to ANGI Homeservices, formerly known as Angie's List,

Angie's List and NBC Bay Area both highlighted an October 2002 ruling in a New Jersey Superior Court, which found that FPE (Federal Pacific Electric), the manufacturer of the Stab-Lok breakers and panels, "knowingly and purposefully [sic] distributed circuit breakers which were not tested to meet UL standards as indicated on their label".

Government response 
After the 1979 sale of Federal Pacific Electric to Reliance Electric, a unit of Exxon Corporation, Reliance reported to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission that the Stab-Lok breakers and panels did not meet the requirements published by Underwriters Laboratories, even though the products bore UL labels. 
The CPSC performed its own testing and concluded:

After a two-year investigation into whether these test failures would create a "serious risk of injury to consumers", the CPSC closed the investigation, citing a lack of budget to continue:

CPSC urged consumers to remain vigilant and report any failed breakers or equipment so it could continue to collect data.

Fate 

The Stab-Lok brand was discontinued, and its maker, FPE, went through a succession of later owners: Reliance Electric, owned by Exxon, in 1979; Exxon later sold Reliance Electric to Rockwell, which sold the business to Baldor Electric in 2006.  Baldor was bought by ABB in 2011.

Other companies began building Stab-Lok style breakers through around 1990. According to a Washington Post article, home inspection professionals now routinely advise consumers to remove and replace those panels that remain in service.

Providers 

Other manufacturers of Stab-Lok breakers may have included:
 American Circuit Breaker Corporation
 Challenger
 Thomas & Betts
 Connecticut Electric - Unique Breakers Inc. (UBI)

References 

Electricity
Electrical wiring and construction supplies manufacturers
Product safety scandals
Fire prevention
Thiokol (polymer). Thiokol is a trade mark for various organic polysulfide polymers. Thiokol polymers are used as an elastomer in seals and sealants. The distinction between the polymers first commercialized by the Thiokol Chemical Company and subsequent polysulfide materials is often unclear.

The name Thiokol is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur () and glue ()

Preparation and structure
A variety of thiokols are recognized. Typically they are prepared by the combination of 2-chloroethanol, formaldehyde, and sodium polysulfide (Na2Sx). The chloroethanol is produced in situ from ethylene oxide and hydrogen chloride. The rank x of the polysulfide is an important variable. Crosslinking agents are used, such as 1,2,3-trichloropropane. An idealized polymer is represented by this formula HS(CH2CH2OCH2OCH2CH2SS)nCH2CH2OCH2OCH2CH2SH. Thiol-terminated resins can be cured oxidatively.

History
In 1838, Swiss chemists reported the preparation of hydrophobic rubbery materials by the alkylation of sodium polysulfide with 1,2-dichloroethane. In 1926 chemists Joseph C. Patrick and Nathan Mnookin further developed this class of materials, which first achieved commercial success as sealants for fuel lines, exploiting the solvent resistance of these materials. The company Thiokol was founded in 1929 to produce these polymers. In the 1940s, thiol-terminated liquid resins were produced. Curing could be effected oxidatively, e.g. using lead oxides and later perborates. Thiokol polymers were used as a binder in solid rocket fuel, a commercial success.

References

Elastomers
Inorganic polymers
Sulfur compounds
Planar transformer. Planar transformers are high frequency transformers used in isolated switchmode power supplies operating at high frequency. As opposed to conventional "wire-wound-on-a-bobbin" transformers, planar transformers usually contain winding turns made of thin copper sheets riveted together at the ends of turns in the case of high current windings, or windings etched on a PCB in a spiral form. As the current conductors are thin sheets of copper, the operating frequency is not limited by skin effect. As such, high power converters built with planar transformers can be designed to operate at relatively high switching frequencies, often 100 kHz or above. This reduces the size of required magnetic components and capacitors, thereby increasing power density.

References

Electric transformers
Adiban Institute of Higher Education. Adiban Institute of Higher Education () is a private institute of higher education located in Garmsar, Iran. The university was established in 2006. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in engineering (electrical engineering, computer engineering, and mechanical engineering) and mathematics.

See also

Higher Education in Iran
Science and technology in Iran

External links
 Official website

Universities in Iran
Educational institutions established in 2006
Education in Semnan province
Buildings and structures in Semnan province
2006 establishments in Iran
Sea Robin XFC. Sea Robin XFC is a submarine launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle platform that the United States Naval Research Laboratory is testing. Expected launches will be from Seawolf, Los Angeles and Virginia class submarines

Contractor Oceaneering developed the launch canister system.

Experimental Fuel Cell UAV (XFC)

The platform launches an experimental fuel cell UAV or XFC UAV from a torpedo tube of a nuclear submarine and stealth UAV being tested is an eXperimental fuel cell using hydrogen.

The UAV wings unfolded after launch into a X wing format. The UAV has a propeller in the rear and a camera dome in front.

The system was tested from USS Providence in late 2013.

References

Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Airborne military robots
21st Century Airships SPAS 13. 

The 21st Century Airships SPAS 13 is a Canadian semi-rigid helium airship demonstrator designed and built by 21st Century Airships of Newmarket, Ontario.

Design and development
The SPAS 13 was a development of the earlier SPAS 1 and was designed to demonstrate the advantages of a spherical airship. The 43 ft (13.11 m) diameter spherical envelope is made of Spectra fabric with an inner helium containing envelope of Mylar film reinforced with Kevlar. The two-seat cockpit is internal to the envelope with panoramic windows in the envelope to provide an external view.

The SPAS 13 is powered by two  Rotax 503 piston engines on external struts, four vanes behind each  engine are used to provide control by deflecting the thrust.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

Airships of Canada
1990s Canadian experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1994
Ronald Arnold. Ronald Nathan Arnold (23 December 1908 – 30 December 1963) PhD (Sheffield) MS (Illinois) DSc (Glasgow 1943) DEng (Sheffield 1947) MIMechE MICivilE was a distinguished British engineer.

Life
Born in Glasgow on 23 December 1908, he was schooled at Albert Road Academy and Shawlands Academy in Glasgow before completing, in 1932, a BSc with first-class honours in mechanical engineering at the Royal Technical College (now the University of Strathclyde), Glasgow. He graduated with a PhD from Sheffield University in 1934, and (as a Commonwealth Fund Fellow) an MS from Illinois in 1936, where he studied impact stresses in beams. His early training was conducted with Mirrlees Watson Ltd, in Glasgow.
 
As a mechanical engineer he was appointed as assistant lecturer in engineering and applied mechanics from 1936 to 1940 in the Royal Technical College in Glasgow. For his research on ships' propellers, he was awarded jointly with a colleague the gold medal of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland and the Thomas Lowe Gray prize of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

His war service, from 1939 to 1945, was conducted in the Research Department of the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company. He was subsequently appointed in 1944 as Professor of Engineering at University College, Swansea. Finally, he was appointed Regius Professor of Engineering in the University of Edinburgh in 1946, a position he retained until his death in 1963. At Edinburgh, he instituted two postgraduate schools, one in electronics and radio (1950), the other in applied dynamics (1957).

An expert in fluid dynamics, metals, and stress analysis, Arnold devoted much time to research into mechanical vibration, dynamics, the properties of metals, gyrostatics, and foundations. He published numerous papers in Engineering, the Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Proceedings of the Royal Society, and other journals.

He was recognized with honorary doctorates from the Universities of Glasgow and Sheffield, as well as the Thomas Hawksley Gold Medal (1946), the Institution Prize from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (1952), and the T Bernard Hall Prize (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) (1957). He was elected FRSE in 1947.
 
Arnold died on 30 December 1963, survived by his widow, Jessie Beattie Blake, and a son.

Publications
"Gyrodynamics and its Engineering Applications", published with Leonard Maunder by Academic Press in 1961.

References

1908 births
1963 deaths
British mechanical engineers
Engineers from Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Academics of Swansea University
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Regius Professors of Engineering in Edinburgh University
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Ken Orr. Kenneth T. Orr (May 10, 1939 – June 14, 2016) was an American software engineer, executive and consultant, known for his contributions in the field of software engineering to structured analysis and the Warnier/Orr diagram.

Education 
Orr received his BA in Mathematics and Physics in 1960 from Wichita State University, and his MA in Philosophy in 1963 from the University of Chicago.

Career 
Orr started his career as Director of Information Systems at the State of Kansas in 1970. In 1973 he founded his own firm Ken Orr & Associates, which he directed until 1985. He was Professor at the School of Technology and Information Management of the Washington University in St. Louis, where he directed its Center for the Innovative Application of Technology. From 1988 until his death he was President of the Ken Orr Institute. Beginning in 2000, Ken served as a Cutter Consortium Fellow and Senior Consultant. Ken Orr died on June 14, 2016.

Publications 
Books
 
 

Articles, a selection
 
 
  Word document version.

References

External links 
 The Ken Orr Institute (KOI)

American business executives
American software engineers
Wichita State University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
1939 births
2016 deaths
Avangan. Avangan is an Iranian manufacturer of Electric transmission towers and Radio masts and towers in Arak. This company was established in 1974 by IDRO Group and the Ministry of Energy of Iran. Avangan has 80% of Iran's market in the transmission towers.

References 

Iranian brands
Engineering companies of Iran
Manufacturing companies of Iran
Holding companies of Iran
Manufacturing companies established in 1974
Companies based in Arak
Iranian companies established in 1974
Holding companies established in 1974