omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Volodymyr Turkevych. Volodymyr Zinoviiovych Turkevych (; born 9 June 1958) is a scientist in the field of study of the physicochemical aspects of the superhard materials synthesis under high pressures and temperatures, the study of the thermodynamics and kinetics crystallization of diamond and cubic boron nitride at high pressures and temperatures, thermophysical instruments development. Doctor of Science (1996), professor (2011), corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2009).

Biography
Born 9 June 1958 in Kyiv, Ukraine. In 1981 he was graduated from the Heat and Power Faculty of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (modern name - National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"), his specialty was an engineer - thermal physicist. In 1987 he defended the Ph.D. thesis in physical and mathematical sciences (Institute of Metal Physics of NAS of Ukraine) and in 1996 the Doctor of Chemical Science thesis (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv). Since 2009 – corresponding member of the NAS of Ukraine. In 2011 he was entitled as professor.

Activity
 Institute for Superhard materials of NAS Ukraine (1981 – till to present time).
 Since 2015 – Director.
and:
 Invited researcher (1995), University of Bonn, Germany;
 Invited researcher (1998, 1999), University of Paderborn, Germany;
 Invited researcher (2001), JAERI, Spring-8 in Harima, Japan;
 Invited researcher (2003), NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan;
 Invited  Professor (2003- 2007), the -13, Paris, France;
 Guest Professor (2011- till to present time), University of Lund, Sweden;
 Professor (combined job), Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (2003- 2007);
 Professor (combined job), Engineering and Physics Department, KPI (2007 – till to present time);
 Vice Editor-in-Chief of the journal Superhard Materials (1997);
 Deputy Academic-Secretary of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science (2004);
 Head of the Scientific Council of the Institute for Superhard Materials of NAS of Ukraine (2014).

Honors and awards
Prize winner 
 Prize of I.Frantsevich of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1999).
 Medal of the NAS of Ukraine "For scientific achievements " (2008)
 Honorary Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2011).
 State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (2012).

Publications
 Monograph – 6;
 Textbook – 1;
 Articles -125;
 Inventions (patents, certificate of authorship) – 6.

External links
 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Personal page
 List of publications
 

1958 births
Living people
Engineers from Kyiv
Ukrainian inventors
21st-century Ukrainian engineers
Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology
Recipients of the Honorary Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
Engineering in India. From pre-historic to modern times, engineering has played an essential role in the development of India.

History

Engineering in the country dates back to pre-historic times. Solar drying of agricultural commodities has been dated to a period of 6,000 BCE. Researchers have also found the evidences of engineering in Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 4th millennium BCE. Types of engineering such as Irrigation engineering, Transportation engineering were also established during this period. Throughout the period 3000 BCE – 1500 BCE, urban cities developed and included advanced developments for that time, such as brick houses, drainage systems, water harvesting, sanitation systems, etc.

Vedas contains the information on about wells, irrigation, dams, canals, and other factors of engineering.

By the period of 1,800 BCE, India had started to produce iron. In 500 BCE, Damascus steel was being produced in the country.

Kallanai Dam, also known as Grand Anicut of Tamil Nadu was originally built around 2nd century CE. Many of the estimated 39,400 reservoirs of Tamil Nadu were built during the period of 500 CE – 1500 CE.

Education

Foundation of the Cooper's Hill College in 1875 aimed to train engineers for British India. Madras University is considered to be the first college of the country, to provide individual courses in mechanical engineering.

According to an estimate in 2010, there were over 3,800 engineering colleges in the country, compared to less than 100 engineering colleges in 1996.

In culture
3 Idiots - A movie based on a story of three friends studying in an engineering college.

See also
List of Indian engineers

References

History of engineering
Engineering education in India
Wittsburg Fortification. The Wittsburg Fortification is a defensive earthworks built during the American Civil War in Wittsburg, Arkansas.  It is the only known surviving earthworks built by either side during the Union Army's advance on Little Rock in 1862.  Union forces invaded Arkansas from Missouri on July 19, 1862, moving south along Crowley's Ridge, which lies west of the St. Francis River.  By July 29 most of the division of General John Davidson had advanced as far as Wittsburg, where they established a camp to wait for supplies and reinforcements.  A stockade and ditch were built on the ridge overlooking the area.

The fortification was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cross County, Arkansas

References

Forts in Arkansas
American Civil War forts
Crowley's Ridge
Buildings and structures in Cross County, Arkansas
Military installations established in 1863
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Cross County, Arkansas
Barmen lace machine. The Barmen lace machine makes perfect copies of torchon lace and the simpler hand-made bobbin lace. Its bobbins imitate the movements of the bobbins of the hand-made lace maker.

History 
The Barmen machine was developed in the 1890s in the Prussian city of Barmen, now part of Wuppertal, Germany, from a braiding machine. The Barmen laces were derived from solid braids later pieced with openwork.

Design of machine 

The Barmen machine has its spindles arranged in a circle, each one carrying a large bobbin of thread. These can pass each other, so their threads twine together in a complex way. The threads run towards the centre, where the finished lace appears, rising upwards. The machine can only make one width at a time, and has a maximum width of about 120 threads. The lace is made as a cylinder. When finished, threads are removed to allow the flat strip to appear.

Uses 
Barmen machines can make laces, trimmings, elasticated and rigid braids, cords and ric-racs. Barmen lace is still produced in Britain by Malmic Lace Limited, in Nottingham.

References

External links

Video of a Barmen machine in action. Lacemaking machine

Woven fabrics
Machine-made lace
Lace-making machinery
Oreltekmash. Oreltekmash () is a major Russian military manufacturer, one of the oldest Russian enterprises (160 years as of 2014). Headquartered in the town of Oryol.

History 
In 1854, a workshop was opened in Oryol, which produced hammers, iron castings, brakes, horse drives and other products. In 1914, the first workshop for metal was organized within its facilities. Initially, the plant was known as the "Iron Foundry Plant of Perelygin brothers".

In 1930, the company started to specialize in the production of machines for the processing of baste fibers. The plant then took the name "Tekmash".

In 1936, the production area of the plant was expanded and new mechanical and foundry departments were built for the production of more specialized products such as machine-tools and spare parts for the textile industry. During the World War II the factory was evacuated to the Penza region and redesigned for the production of equipment for the Russian rocket forces. The redesigning happened quite quickly because of the similar requirements for precision in the machine-tools for the textile industry and those for military engineering. The company became a production site for the Russian Main Missile and Artillery Control. After the war, the company continued the production of textile machinery for the processing of baste fibers.

In the late 70s—early 80s, the company started the production of machines for the processing of wool. Prior to 2004, 20% of the company shares were state-owned.

In 2011, Oreltekmash became part of the Corporation "Proekt-technika", the process of updating the technical equipment of the plant began. According to Interfax, in 2014 the plant was expanded with a new workshop for military equipment.

Production 

Oreltekmash specializes in the production of mobile maintenance and repairs vehicles as well as mobile complexes based on containers and special purpose containers for the needs of the Military-Industrial Complex of Russia.

The plant has several production lines, including assembly of mobile maintenance and recovery vehicles, assembly of special purpose products, forging and punching, machine processing, casting.

Based on the data from 2007, 90% of the plant's production was made for the Russian defense industry. According to data from 2014, the annual production growth of the plant is about 40%.

Management
Oreltekmash is a part of the Corporation "Proekt-Technika". The managing director of the company is Leon Podobed.

The chairman of the board of directors of ПAO "Oreltekmash" is George Zolotarev.

References

External links 

Defence companies of Russia
Companies based in Oryol Oblast
Clark CA1. The Clark air Crawler model CA-1 widely known as the Clark CA-1 was a small airborne bulldozer designed for improvement of runways in World War II by the United States Armed Forces.

Design and production 

In 1942, the United States military created a new engineering unit that would be extremely mobile; this could only be done with light equipment. The military began looking for new bulldozer small and light enough to be flown in the Douglas C-47 and the Waco CG-4A. When the parameters were set the military looked for a company to create such a machine. They were to draw inspiration from the US Forestry Service's "trail tractor" (a small tractor for use in small clearings and fields within the forest).

In 1942, the Clark Machine Company took the contract. Clark initially built 14 operational dozers and conducted extensive tests at their facilities. Once proven, the military ordered 800 more and eventually extended that figure. The War Department worked with Clark Machine over the course of the years 1942 and 1943 ordering many CA-1s by the end of World War 2. It is estimated that there were more than 2,500 produced.

Operation 

The Tractor was flown in by either a C-46 or C-47 or transported by a glider, which landed on an unimproved runway or a possible runway. Once dropped off, the engineers used the tractors to construct a paved or improved landing strip. The CA-1 would be used predominantly to tow graders and pan scrapers. This style of construction was fast and relatively efficient which gave the United States a reasonable strategic advantage in the Pacific campaign of World War 2 due to the island hopping tactic that required many new airfields. After the war a new community of people eager to restore these small and light tractor emerged.

More than 1,500 CA-1s were used by the US Army.

Survivors 
A Clark Ca1 was restored to running condition in New Zealand in 2023.

The Air Mobility Command Museum in Dover, Delaware has a fully functional Clark Airborne CA1 tractor on display. This specimen was restored Mr. Darrell Smoker  

The National Museum of the United States Airforce has one on display which was restored by the Clark Equipment Co.

References 

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-D9g0dbBLZE&list=PL1YKtKk1JpRdAhRFeEdPGPzaYovZeEYT0

External links 
Relevant conversations
http://www.questmasters.us/Clark_CA-1.html

 
Tractors
Academy of Engineering Sciences (Sudan). Academy of Engineering and Medical Sciences (formerly shortened to AEMS)(Arabic: أكاديمية العلوم الهندسية والطبية) is a private University in Khartoum, Sudan. It was founded in 2002.

History

Academy of Engineering and Medical Sciences (AEMS) was founded in 2002 with only Computer Engineering (Diploma and Bachelor) & Communication Engineering (Diploma and Bachelor), in 2007 the diploma Programs were frozen up to date.

In 2006 two more bachelor programs were added, Electrical Power Engineering bachelor and Electrical Machines Engineering bachelor.

In 2010, Computer Engineering & Electrical Machines Engineering were Edited to be Bachelor in Electronics And Computer Engineering & Bachelor in Electrical Control Engineering, and Architecture Program Started.
in 2013 business Administration program started.
And in 2016 Mathematics and Computer Science program started.

Programs 
The academy has the following undergraduate programs:

 Bachelor of Computer & Electronics Engineering.
 Bachelor of Communication Engineering.
 Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering.
 Bachelor of Electrical Control Engineering.
 Bachelor of Architecture. 
 Bachelor of Business Administration.
 Bachelor of Accounting.
 Bachelor of Information Technology.
 Bachelor of Mathematics and Computer Sciences.
 Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering.

It offers Postgraduate - Master of Science programs in:
 Computer Engineering.
 Communication Engineering.
 Electrical Power Engineering.

AEMS's medium of instruction is English.

See also 
 Education in Sudan
 List of universities in Sudan

References

Universities and colleges in Sudan
Education in Khartoum
2002 establishments in Sudan
Universities and colleges established in 2002
PowerTrike. PowerTrike GmbH is a German aircraft manufacturer based in Mackenbach. At one time the company specialized in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes and powered parachutes, but today produces just the Best Off Skyranger kit aircraft as the SkyRanger SW.

By November 2014 the company was operating under the name Volksflugzeug GmbH.

Aircraft

References

External links

Company website archives on Archive.org

Aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Ultralight trikes
Powered parachutes
Homebuilt aircraft
Desmond 'Dizzy' de Villiers. Desmond ‘Dizzy' de Villiers  (7 November 1922 – 19 June 1976) was chief test pilot at de Havilland, the world's first open cockpit pilot to reach supersonic speed (albeit inadvertently, the cockpit canopy flew off mid-flight), the second British pilot to exceed mach 2, chief experimental test pilot on the English Electric Lightning programme (making more than 1,000 flights), and during his test career flew more than 6,000 hours in 130 different aircraft.

Life
Desmond de Villiers was born on 7 November 1922 and educated at Bedford Modern School.  During World War II he was a Squadron Leader in the Royal Air Force (with No. 68 Squadron RAF) and awarded the AFC. He principally flew Beaufighters in RAF Fighter Command and RAF Coastal Command.

In 1943, de Villiers was seconded to de Havilland where he became chief test pilot, the world's first open cockpit pilot to reach supersonic speed (albeit inadvertently, the cockpit canopy flew off mid-flight and landed in the garden of a house in Blundellsands near Southport), the second British pilot to exceed mach 2, chief experimental test pilot on the English Electric Lightning programme (making more than 1,000 flights) and who, during his test career, flew more than 6,000 hours in 130 different aircraft. In 1951, de Villiers flew the Mamba Marathon at the Farnborough Airshow.

De Villiers retired from test flying in 1967. He died on 19 June 1976.

References

External links
 "Desmond 'Dizzy' DeVilliers 1924-1976" at Test & Research Pilots. Blogspot. Retrieved 5 September 2016.

1922 births
1976 deaths
English test pilots
People educated at Bedford Modern School
Ziegler process. In organic chemistry, the Ziegler process (also called the Ziegler-Alfol synthesis) is a method for producing fatty alcohols from ethylene using an organoaluminium compound. The reaction produces linear primary alcohols with an even numbered carbon chain. The process uses an aluminum compound to oligomerize ethylene and allow the resulting alkyl group to be oxygenated. The usually targeted products are fatty alcohols, which are otherwise derived from natural fats and oils. Fatty alcohols are used in food and chemical processing. They are useful due to their amphipathic nature. The synthesis route is named after Karl Ziegler, who described the process in 1955.

Process details
The Ziegler alcohol synthesis involves oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation. The triethylaluminium is produced by action of aluminium, ethylene, and hydrogen gas. In the production process, two-thirds of the triethylaluminium produced is recycled back into the reactor, and only one-third is used to produce the fatty alcohols. The recycling step is used to produce triethylaluminium at a higher yield and with less time. Triethylaluminium reacts with ethylene to form higher molecular weight trialkylaluminium. The number of equivalents of ethylene n equals the total number of monomer units being grown on the initial ethylene chains, where (n = x + y + z), and x, y, and z are the number of ethylene units per chain. Trialkylaluminium is oxidized with air to form aluminum alkoxides, and finally hydrolyzed to aluminum hydroxide and the desired alcohols.

 Al+3ethylene+1.5H2 → Al(C2H5)3
 Al(C2H5)3 n-ethylene → Al((CH2CH2)nCH2CH3)3
 Al((CH2CH2)nCH2CH3)3+ O2 → Al(O(CH2CH2)nCH2CH3)3
 Al(O(CH2CH2)nCH2CH3)3+3H2O → Al(OH)3 + CH3CH2(CH2CH2)nOH

The temperature of the reaction influences the molecular weight of alcohol growth. Temperatures in the range of 60-120°C form higher molecular weight trialkylaluminium while higher temperatures (e.g., 120-150 °C) cause thermal displacement reactions that afford α-olefin chains. Above 150 °C, dimerization of the α-olefins occurs.

Applications 
Aluminum hydroxide, the byproduct of the synthesis, can be dehydrated to give aluminium oxide, which, at high purities, has a high commercial value.  One modification of the Ziegler process is called the EPAL process. In this process, chain growth is optimized to produce alcohols with narrow molecular weight distribution. Synthesis of other alcohols use Ziegler and the updated EPAL process, such as the transalkylation of styrene to form 2-phenylethanol. Diethylaluminum hydride can be employed in place of triethylaluminium.

See also
 Guerbet reaction, a route for the production of branched fatty alcohols

References

Fatty alcohols
Chemical processes
Liaoning Ruixiang RX1E. The Liaoning Ruixiang RX1E is a Chinese two-seat electric aircraft, designed by the Liaoning General Aviation Academy at Shenyang Aerospace University and manufactured by the Liaoning Ruixiang General Aviation Manufacture Company Limited of Shenyang.

The aircraft was first shown at the Zhuhai China Airshow, in November 2012 and in 2015 at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in Germany.

Design and development
The result of a three-year development process started in June 2012, the RX1E is an electric powered, two-seat side-by-side configuration, carbon fibre composite construction aircraft with a T-tail and tricycle landing gear and is one of the first electric airplanes in production. The company said in April 2015 that they had 28 orders for the design.

The manufacturer claims that the aircraft conforms to US Light-sport Aircraft requirements and has a Type Design Approval from the Civil Aviation Administration of China, issued in 2015. As of September 2016 it does not appear on the US Federal Aviation Administration list of approved LSAs and, in fact, the category excludes electric-powered aircraft and requires a single reciprocating engine.

The first two customer aircraft were delivered in June 2015. The launch customer was the Liaoning Ruixiang General Aviation Co., which will employ the aircraft in the flight training role.

An improved version, the RX1E-A, was first flown in November 2017 and features a two-hour endurance and a new ballistic parachute design. The original RX1E has a 45-minute endurance.

Specifications (RX1E)

See also
 Aero Electric Sun Flyer
 Pipistrel Alpha Electro

References

External links
YouTube Video
Photo

Electric aircraft
T-tail aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2015
2010s Chinese civil utility aircraft
American Powder Mills. American Powder Mills (1883–1929) was a Massachusetts gunpowder manufacturing complex on the Assabet River. It expanded to include forty buildings along both sides of the river in the towns of Acton, Concord, Maynard, and Sudbury. Press mills, kernelling mills, glazing mills, and storehouses were dispersed over four-hundred acres to minimize damage during explosions. A narrow gauge railway transferred raw materials and products between the buildings.

History

Nathan Pratt purchased a mill pond dam on the Assabet River and converted the former sawmill to a powder mill in 1835. Pratt sold the mill to the American Powder Company in 1864. The mill manufactured  of gunpowder per day through the American Civil War. In 1872 American Powder Company joined the United States Gunpowder Trade Association, popularly known as the powder trust, with Austin Powder Company, DuPont, Hazard Powder Company, Laflin & Rand Powder Company, Miami Powder Company, and Oriental Powder Company. 

American Powder Company reorganized as American Powder Mills in 1883 with business offices in Boston. The facility was sold to American Cyanamid in 1929, with gunpowder production continuing to 1940. In addition to black powder for blasting and other purposes, APM made smokeless gunpowder for shotgun-using hunters under the brand name "Dead Shot."

Newspaper reports record a number of deadly accidents at the facility. The first explosion, in 1836, in the first year of operation, killed four men. Henry David Thoreau's journal records his observations of another explosion killing three men in 1853. Five men were killed in May 1895 explosion. While the plant was manufacturing gunpowder for the Russian Empire during World War I, a September 4, 1915 explosion was heard as far away as Lowell and Boston. The last three explosions in 1940 ended gunpowder production, and the property passed into W. R. Grace and Company ownership. 

The Assabet River dam at the original mill pond site is being used to generate hydroelectricity for municipal Concord. The body of water created by the dam goes by the name Ripple Pond, and is located in Acton and Maynard.

References

Ammunition manufacturers
Explosives manufacturers
Gunpowder mills
Manufacturing companies based in Boston
HSSE. HSSE may refer to:

 Headspace sorptive extraction, an examination method of electrical transformer oil which breaks down over time
 HSSE tool steel, a type of high-speed steel (HSS) with cobalt-alloy used as a cutting tool material, see High-speed steel#Cobalt High Speed Steels (HSS)
 Health, safety, security and the environment, a term used in the petroleum industry or as a department of bigger firms, for the general issue see Environment, health and safety
List of ships built at Meyer Werft. This list of ships built at Meyer Werft contains a selection of ships which were built new by the Meyer Werft GmbH of Papenburg, Germany.

All data is as of delivery from Meyer Werft to the client.

References

External links 

 
 
 More info about a ship can be acquired by entering the ships IMO or MMSI on marinetraffic.com

Meyer Werft