omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sterling (program). Sterling is a fractal-generating computer program written in the C programming language in 1999 for Microsoft Windows by Stephen C. Ferguson. Sterling is now freeware while Sterling2 is a freeware version of Sterling with different algorithms. It was released in September 2008 by Tad Boniecki. Apart from the name (which shows as sterlingwar2 in the title bar and on the About screen), the program looks just like the original Sterling. The only internals that are different are the 50 formulae for fractal generation. Parameter files made by Sterling can be used in Sterling2 and vice versa, though they will draw different images.
	
Sterling is based on the notion that one way to generate interesting fractal images is by using elaborate color filters and shading. In many images, the main interest lies in the filters rather than the actual fractal boundaries themselves, as in traditional fractal-generating programs. The fractal merely serves as a seeding function to the coloring algorithms and filters. A feature of Sterling is the richness of the renders.

Sterling has a simple GUI interface with a limited number of functions. The program saves files as JPEG, BMP or one of six other formats. It draws in Julia mode, allows inside-out rendering and does anti-aliasing. It offers 32 different renders and four transform effects. There are three independent color controls and two ways to zoom into an image.

The Sterling2 ZIP file (436 KB) contains brief instructions. There is no installation — it is enough to put the executable and dynamic-link library files in the same directory and start the exe file.

In 2018, the original code for sterling was released under the GPLv3.

Sample images

References

External links
 Sterling2 (freeware) home page : including download, instructions and sample images.

Free software programmed in C
Fractal software
1999 software
Formerly proprietary software
Windows-only free software
Forte Design Systems. Forte Design Systems, Inc. was a San Jose, CA, based provider of high-level synthesis (HLS) software products, also known as electronic system-level (ESL) synthesis. Forte's main product was Cynthesizer. On February 14, 2014, Forte was acquired by Cadence Design Systems.

History
The company was founded in 1998 as C2 Design Automation by John Sanguinetti, Andy Goodrich and Randy Allen. A year later the company changed its name to CynApps and began selling C-based synthesis and RTL translation tools. It also distributed an open-source C++ class library called Cynlib, which competed with SystemC. In 2000, CynApps acquired Dasys, a Pittsburgh-based maker of behavioral synthesis tools.  In 2001, CynApps merged with Chronology (founded in Redmond, WA, in 1990) to become Forte Design Systems. Forte began selling Cynthesizer, a SystemC-based HLS tool, which had its first successful tapeout in Japan in 2001.  In 2009, Forte acquired Arithmatica, whose CellMath Designer tool was integrated into Cynthesizer.  In 2012 and 2013, industry analysts found that Cynthesizer was used by 31% of high-level designers, the most of any ESL tool.

On February 14, 2014, Cadence Design Systems acquired Forte.  In 2015, Cadence released Stratus HLS, which combines the automation and synthesis engine of Cynthesizer with the graphical features of Cadence's previous HLS tool, C-to-Silicon.

Management team
 Sean Dart, president and chief executive officer
 John Sanguinetti, CTO and founder
 Brett Cline, VP of marketing and sales
 Mike Meredith, VP of technical marketing

Product
Cynthesizer is a high-level synthesis tool.  "High level" in this context means designers can describe the functionality of a complex electronic system as a pure algorithm in SystemC.  The designer can then direct Cynthesizer to produce a unique hardware architecture that implements the system in a specific number of clock cycles.  This replaces the traditional method of using a hardware description language like Verilog or VHDL, where the designer must manually write out the usage of hardware components in a fixed schedule of clock cycles.  If designers want hardware with different performance, they can redirect Cynthesizer to produce a new architecture that is faster or smaller, whereas with the traditional method a completely new design must be written.  The output of Cynthesizer is Verilog, which is then run automatically through a logic synthesis tool.

References

External links
 "Hardware design and levels of abstraction", EETimes 2007.
 "Forte Design Systems' Forte", EDA Café 2006.
 "Got system-level synthesis?", EEDesign 2005.

Electronic design automation companies
Companies based in San Jose, California
Michael D. Smith (economist). Michael D. Smith is an American academic who is the J. Erik Jonsson Professor of Information Technology and Marketing at the Heinz College of Carnegie Mellon University with joint-appointment at the Tepper School of Business.

Education 
Smith earned a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and a Master of Science in telecommunications science from the University of Maryland, College Park. He then received his PhD in management science and information technology from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 2000

Career 
Smith’s research uses economic and statistical techniques to analyze firm and consumer behavior in online markets, specifically markets for digital information and digital media products. His research in this area has been published in leading management science, economics, and marketing journals and in leading professional journals, including The Harvard Business Review and The Sloan Management Review. His research has also been covered by press outlets, including The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Wired, and Business Week. Smith is co-author of the book Streaming, Sharing, Stealing: Big Data and the Future of Entertainment (MIT Press, 2016).

Smith has received several awards for his teaching and research, including the National Science Foundation’s prestigious CAREER Research Award, the 2017 Carol & Bruce Mallen Award for lifetime published scholarly contributions to motion picture industry economic studies, the 2009 and 2004 Best Teacher Awards in Carnegie Mellon's Masters of Information Systems Management program, and the 2018 Dick Wittink Award for the best paper published in the journal Quantitative Marketing and Economics. He was also recently selected as one of the top 100 “emerging engineering leaders in the United States” by the National Academy of Engineering. Smith has served on the editorial boards of a variety of top journals, including as a senior editor at Information Systems Research and as an associate editor at Management Science and Management Information Systems Quarterly.

External links
Home Page
Profile at the Heinz College
Profile at the Tepper School of Business
SSRN Page with full list of working papers

Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Information systems researchers
John Whiston. John Reginald Harvey Whiston OBE (3 January 1893 – 1956) was Associate Professor of Applied Chemistry at the Royal Military College of Science, with a particular interest in explosives.

Life
Whiston grew up in Nottingham before studying at Jesus College, Oxford.  He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on 3 October 1914, having previously been a Cadet Serjeant in the Senior Division of the Oxford University Contingent of the Officers Training Corps. He served in the Royal Air Force during the First World War and was a member of the scientific staff at Netheravon.  In 1922, Whiston joined the chemistry department of the Royal Military College of Science, becoming Associate Professor in 1936.  After the Second World War, he became Associate Professor of Applied Chemistry, a new post. He was also active in the work of the Institution of Professional Civil Servants. He specialized in the study of service explosives. He published papers with, amongst others, David Chapman, the Chemistry Fellow at Jesus College. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. His obituary in The Times on 5 March 1956 noted that he had "died recently at the age of 63."

References 

1893 births
1956 deaths
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
British chemists
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
High speed serial link. High Speed Serial Link (HSSL) is a proprietary communications protocol and was primarily developed by Alcatel.  It is now owned by Alcatel-Lucent.

Capable of transmitting data at rates up to 10 Gbit/s, HSSL is chiefly used in electronic system backplanes for inter-board communication.

Xilinx, among other integrated circuit vendors, currently supports the standard.

Serial buses
Layer (electronics). A layer is the deposition of molecules on a substrate or base (glass, ceramic,  semiconductor, or plastic/bioplastic).

High temperature substrates includes stainless steel and polyimide film (expensive)   and PET (cheap).

A depth of less than one micrometre is generally called a thin film while a depth greater than one micrometre is called a coating.

A web is a flexible substrate.

See also 

Coating
Heterojunction
Nanoparticle
Organic electronics
Passivation
Printed electronics
Sputtering
Thermal annealing
Transparent conducting oxide

References 

Electronics concepts
Semiconductor device fabrication
Hand-Over. A Hand-Over is a term used in the animation industry to refer to the process of adding finger and hand motion capture data to the pre-existing full-body motion capture data, using a hand motion capture device.

Techniques
A Hand-Over is accomplished by playing back the full-body data while recording the finger and hand data. This is similar to a voice actor doing a voice-over for animated characters.

There are very few full-body motion capture systems that can capture full hand and finger motion data at the same time as the full body. An optical system gets accurate data using reflective markers and high resolution cameras. However, if the cameras cannot see the markers then they are unable to measure them. Mounting the many reflective markers on each individual joint of the hand so that they stay within the camera's views is difficult.

The traditional method of adding hand and finger motion is to key frame the fingers. This is a process similar to the old claymation process; move the finger, record the frame, move the finger again, record the frame. Key framing is easier using animation software where a beginning and an ending position can be set up, then the software fills in the motion in between. Even though software makes this easy it still takes a very talented artist to get realistic hands using the key frame method.

Another method of adding hand and finger motion is to have the animator or actor wear a data glove or wired glove. These devices very accurately measure and record the position and bend of each finger, thumb, and even the hand. Measurand's ShapeHand is made of flexible ribbons and includes 40 Fiber Optic bend/twist sensors.

Using a hand motion capture device an animator can play back the full-body data from any system and record the hand motion. This is typically done in a software package that can simultaneously play motion capture data while recording new motion capture data. This requires some practice to get the timing right just as it takes practice to get the timing right when a voice actor does an animation voice-over.

Hand-overs can save time and money while increasing the realism in hand and finger animation. This is not done without controversy. Traditional key framers do not agree this type of motion capture is better than their craft.

See also
 Animation database
 Computer Animation

References

 Lin, J.; Ying Wu; Huang, T.S.; , "Capturing human hand motion in image sequences," Motion and Video Computing, 2002. Proceedings. Workshop on, vol., no., pp. 99–104, 5–6 Dec. 2002
 Jin & Hahn, "Adding Hand Motion to the Motion Capture Based Character Animation" Computer Science Department, George Washington University, ISVC 2005, LNCS 3804, pp. 17–24.

External links
 Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Animation terminology
MindMapper. MindMapper (also known as ThinkWise) is a mind mapping software and mental organization tool developed by SimTech Systems.  It allows users to create a mind map from thoughts in the brain and convert it into software programs such as Word, PowerPoint, or Hangul Office. As of 2020, the software was used by more than 10,000 organizations and companies in 96 countries.

History and overview
MindMapper was first developed as an in-house tool to help with industrial simulation projects for SimTech Systems in 1997. The tool combines the versatility of a mind mapping program with a reliable dashboard and a built-in planner. Some of its main features include knowledge management, brainstorming, creative thinking, visual thinking, clear communication, problem-solving, and project management.

Usage
Mind Mapper is used by corporations, the Army, the Supreme Court, along with education institutes and universities. It can also be used for research review process and synthesis.

Reviews
As per Predictive Analytics Today, the software can be used by students, professionals and artists for information visualizing, analyzing and implementing plans.

References

External links

Concept mapping software
Mind-mapping software
Jack de la Vergne. Jack de la Vergne is a Canadian civil engineer who specializes in underground mining and recipient of the Professional Engineers Ontario Engineering Medal in 2005.

De la Vergne is the author of the Hard Rock Miner's Handbook and the Hard Rock Miners Technical Spanish Dictionary  and is recognized as an industry expert in mine shafts and mine hoists.

References

Canadian mining engineers
Living people
Canadian civil engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carl Fredrik Holmboe. Carl Fredrik Holmboe (25 August 1882 – 15 January 1960) was a Norwegian engineer and business executive.

Biography
He was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway as the only son of Jens Anton Holmboe (1828-92) and his third wife Marie Aarreberg (1842-1917). He had several half-brothers and half-sisters. His grandfather Leonhard Christian Borchgrevink Holmboe was a priest and national politician.

Holmboe studied  electrical and mechanical engineering in Germany. Subsequently he was a consultant for several Norwegian based companies.
He first made his mark by producing the technologically advanced factory at Fredrikstad for the company Denofa. In 1915 he was hired as chief engineer in the company Lever Brothers, being promoted to technical director in 1921. He was then CEO of De-No-Fa from 1923 to 1946, except for the period between 1940 and 1946.
Denofa AS later merged with Lilleborg, and is today a part of the Orkla Group.

References

1882 births
1960 deaths
Engineers from Oslo
Norwegian electrical engineers
Norwegian expatriates in Germany
Norwegian business executives
Carl Frederik
CADE ATP System Competition. The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual competition of fully automated theorem provers for classical logic

Competition
CASC is associated with the Conference on Automated Deduction and the International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning organized by the Association for Automated Reasoning. It has inspired similar competition in related fields, in particular the successful SMT-COMP competition for satisfiability modulo theories, the SAT Competition for propositional reasoners, and the modal logic reasoning competition.

The first CASC, CASC-13, was held as part of the 13th Conference on Automated Deduction at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, in 1996. Among the systems competing were Otter and SETHEO.

See also 
 List of computer science awards

References

External links
 Archive of original CASC website
 CASC Website

Artificial intelligence competitions
Computer science competitions
Process design kit. A process design kit (PDK) is a set of files used within the semiconductor industry to model a fabrication process for the design tools used to design an integrated circuit. The PDK is created by the foundry defining a certain technology variation for their processes. It is then passed to their customers to use in the design process. The customers may enhance the PDK, tailoring it to their specific design styles and markets. The designers use the PDK to design, simulate, draw and verify the design before handing the design back to the foundry to produce chips. The data in the PDK is specific to the foundry's process variation and is chosen early in the design process, influenced by the market requirements for the chip. An accurate PDK will increase the chances of first-pass successful silicon.

Description 
Different tools in the design flow have different input formats for the PDK data. The PDK engineers have to decide which tools they will support in the design flows and create the libraries and rule sets which support those flows. 

A typical PDK contains:

 A primitive device library
 Symbols
 Device parameters
 PCells
 Verification checks
 Design Rule Checking
 Layout Versus Schematic
 Antenna and Electrical rule check
 Physical Extraction
 Technology data
 Layers, layer names, layer/purpose pairs
 Colors, fills and display attributes
 Process constraints
 Electrical rules
 Rule files
 LEF
 Tool dependent rule formats
 Simulation models of primitive devices (SPICE or SPICE derivatives)
 Transistors (typically SPICE)
 Capacitors
 Resistors
 Inductors
 Design Rule Manual
 A user friendly representation of the process requirements
A PDK may also include standard cell libraries from the foundry, a library vendor or developed internally
 LEF format of abstracted layout data
 Symbols
 Library (.lib) files
 GDSII layout data

References

Further reading 
 Yu Cao, "Predictive process design kits", ch. 8 in, Predictive Technology Model for Robust Nanoelectronic Design, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 .
 Lukas Chrostowski, Michael Hochberg, "Process design kit (PDK)", section 10.1 in, Silicon Photonics Design, Cambridge University Press, 2015 .
 Michael Liehr et al., "Silicon photonics integrated circuit process design kit", section 4.8 in, Alan Willner (ed), Optical Fiber Telecommunications, vol. 11, Elsevier, 2019 .
 Ian Robertson, Nutapong Somjit, Mitchai Chongcheawchamnan, "Process design kits for RFIC and MMIC design", section 17.8.1 in, Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Design for Wireless Communications, John Wiley & Sons, 2016 .

Semiconductor device fabrication
Ammann & Whitney. Ammann & Whitney was a full-service Civil engineering firm that provided design and construction services for public and private sector projects. The firm provided new construction, renovations, adaptive reuse, historic preservation, interior design and sustainable design.

In 2016, Ammann & Whitney merged with Louis Berger to form Louis Berger U.S.

History
Ammann & Whitney was founded in 1946 by Othmar Ammann, a bridge designer, and Charles S. Whitney, a designer of innovative structures.  Whitney's innovations include collaborations with Eero Saarinen on early thin-shell concrete structures such as Kresge Auditorium (1955), TWA Flight Center (1962), and the main terminal at Dulles International Airport (1962).

Ammann & Whitney has since grown into an international firm.  While working with a wide variety of projects including (steel, concrete, masonry and timber) bridges for vehicular, pedestrian and rail traffic, Ammann & Whitney focuses on long span suspension bridges.  Examples of the firm's bridge work include the Delaware Memorial Bridge, Walt Whitman Bridge, the General Belgrano Bridge in Argentina, the Throgs Neck Bridge and most notably the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.

In July 2016, Ammann & Whitney merged with Louis Berger. It is now Berger's long-span bridge division.

Ammann & Whitney currently has offices on the East Coast of the United States and its headquarters in New York City.  There are branch offices in Boston, MA, Philadelphia, PA, Pittsburgh, PA, Richmond, VA, Miami, FL,  and Washington, D.C.

Bridge and Highway Projects
New York City
Bronx-Whitestone Bridge
Throgs Neck Bridge
Triborough Bridge
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge
Wards Island Bridge
George Washington Bridge
Williamsburg Bridge
Elsewhere
Bear Mountain Bridge, upstate New York
General Belgrano Bridge, Argentina
Bridge of the Americas, Panama
Delaware Memorial Bridge between Delaware and New Jersey
Benjamin Franklin Bridge, Philadelphia
Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge, northeastern Maryland
Huguenot Bridge, Richmond, Virginia
Mon/Fayette Expressway, Pittsburgh vicinity
Roebling Suspension Bridge, between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky
Royal Gorge Bridge, Colorado
Tobin Bridge, Boston, Massachusetts

Projects
Ammann & Whitney projects included:
Arecibo Radio Telescope, Puerto Rico
Dulles International Airport Terminal Buildings
TWA Terminal at JFK International Airport
Kresge Auditorium
Queens Museum of Art
Metropolitan Opera House

References

External links

Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1946
Engineering companies of the United States
1946 establishments in the United States
Design companies disestablished in 2016
2016 disestablishments in the United States
EWS. EWS may refer to:

Organizations 
 DB Cargo UK, a British rail freight company that formerly traded as EWS
 East Woods School, in Oyster Bay Cove, New York
 Elizabeth Woodville School, in Northamptonshire, England
 The Emery/Weiner School, in Houston, Texas
 Environmental Waste Solutions, an American business consulting firm

Other uses 
 Early warning score
 Early warning system
 Earthquake warning system, a network of seismometers that detect an earthquake already in progress to provide notice of incoming shaking to people further away from the epicenter.
 Economically Weaker Section, in India
 Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1, a protein
 EWS Arena, in  Göppingen, Germany
 Exchange Web Services, a computer protocol introduced in the Microsoft Exchange Server
Afeka College of Engineering. The Afeka — The Academic College of Engineering in Tel Aviv () is a public college in Tel Aviv, Israel. Afeka was established in 1996 and grants Bachelor and Masters degrees in engineering. The college offers 5 undergraduate programs with 17 fields of specialization as well as 5 graduate programs.

History 
Afeka was founded in 1996 and is certified by the Israeli Council for Higher Education.

Academics 
Afeka combines engineering programs with an emphasis on entrepreneurship. Programs at Afeka include electrical and electronic engineering; mechanical engineering; software engineering; industrial engineering and management; medical engineering, systems engineering, energy engineering, and engineering and management of service systems Master of Science programmes.

Rankings 
In June 2021, Afeka was ranked 9th worldwide in the COVID-19 crisis management category of the World Universities Ranking with Impact (WURI).

Presidents 

 1996-2001 - Elhanan Eilat
 2002-2014 - Prof. Mordechai (Moti) Sokolov
 2014-Today - Prof. Ami Moyal

See also
List of Israeli universities and colleges
Education in Israel
Science and technology in Israel

References

External links
Afeka College of Engineering

Colleges in Israel
Universities and colleges in Tel Aviv
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in Israel