omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Peter Rawlinson (engineer). Peter Rawlinson is a British businessman and engineer based in California. He is the chief executive officer, chief technology officer, and board member of Lucid Motors and is known for his work as Chief Vehicle Engineer of the Tesla Model S and the Lucid Air.

Early life and education 
Rawlinson was born in 1957 and grew up in Bonvilston, South Wales and attended Cowbridge Grammar School in the Vale of Glamorgan. He considered going to art school before deciding to become an engineer. Rawlinson attended Imperial College London, graduating from the Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1979.

Career 
Rawlinson has held several positions in the UK automotive industry, including Principal Engineer at Jaguar Cars, Chief Engineer at Lotus Cars and Head of Vehicle Engineering at Corus Automotive. Rawlinson was one of the first people in the UK to use computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE); in the 1980s, his team created Jaguar's first intranet to transfer engineering files from computer to computer.

Rawlinson joined Tesla in February 2009 as Vice President and  Chief Vehicle Engineering of Tesla Model S. One week after joining, he told his boss, Elon Musk, that the early Model S prototype was a "false dawn" and that Rawlinson's 6-person team would have to restart the engineering work on Tesla's flagship vehicle from a "clean sheet." 

Rawlinson was responsible for the technical execution and delivery of the Model S, improving structure and production by taking advantage of the fewer restrictions facilitated by electric vehicle drivetrain. At Tesla, Rawlinson built a team of 150 engineers and drew upon his knowledge of computational prototyping, digital wind tunnels and other CAD and CAE work from his advanced engineering work in the UK. Rawlinson said that, from 2009-2012, "Tesla was truly at the cutting edge, developing the most advanced technology with clarity, a vision and purpose, and an absolute singularity of mindset.” He resigned his position at Tesla in January 2012 to move back home to the UK and care for his aging mother.

Rawlinson helped launch Lucid Motors in 2016 as the Chief Technology Officer and was appointed Chief Executive Officer in 2019. He oversees the development of the Lucid Air and Lucid Gravity. His goal is to make Lucid a "major volume player," including the planned late 2024 launch of an electric SUV and a planned 2026 launch of a mid-sized sedan. His name is on dozens of patents for battery technology or other innovations, and Rawlinson oversaw Lucid’s development of the battery used by all the teams in the Formula E electric-vehicle racing circuit.

References 

1957 births
Living people
People educated at Cowbridge Grammar School
Alumni of Imperial College London
British automotive engineers
People from Cowbridge
Lucid Motors
20th-century Welsh engineers
21st-century Welsh engineers
Dat (software). Dat () is a data distribution tool with a version control feature for tracking changes and publishing data sets. It is primarily used for data-driven science, but it can be used to keep track of changes in any data set. As a distributed revision control system it is aimed at speed, simplicity, security, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.

Dat was created by Max Ogden in 2013 to standardize the way data analysts collaborate on the changes they make to data sets. It is developed through funding support from Code for Science, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

Dat is free software distributed under the terms of the BSD-3-Clause license.

One of the main implementations is Beaker, a web browser that seamlessly handles dat:// URLs and allows building and seeding Dat websites. Homebase is a server-side permanent seeding tool for Dat.

See also 

 Freenet
 InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
 Git
 Beaker (web browser)
 Comparison of version control software
 List of revision control software

References 

Version control
Distributed data storage
Peer-to-peer file sharing
Distributed file systems
2013 introductions
Mike Woodger. Michael Woodger (born 28 March 1923) is a pioneering English computer scientist. He was influential in the development of the early Pilot ACE computer, working with Alan Turing, and later the design and documentation of programming languages such as ALGOL 60 and Ada. He was based at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) located in Teddington, London, for most of his career.

Mike Woodger was the eldest of four children. His father was Joseph Henry Woodger (1894–1981), a professor of biology at the University of London. He graduated from University College London in 1943 and worked at the Ministry of Supply on military applications for the rest of World War II. In May 1946, he then joined the new Mathematics Division at the National Physical Laboratory located in west London. At NPL, he worked with Alan Turing on the ACE computer design, leading eventually to the Pilot ACE computer after Turing had left NPL, first operational in 1950. He later worked on programming language design, especially ALGOL 60 and Ada.

References

1923 births
Living people
Alumni of University College London
British people of World War II
Computer designers
English computer scientists
History of computing in the United Kingdom
People from Epsom
Programming language designers
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
Chalk mining. Chalk mining is the extraction of chalk from underground and above ground deposits by mining. Mined chalk is used mostly to make cement and bricks.

Chalk mining was widespread in Britain in the 19th century because of the large amount of construction underway (and the Industrial Revolution). Some chalk mines were extensively large, with passages up to  high and  wide, their passages taking the form of a Norman arch. Because of chalk's softness, picks and shovels were used to excavate tunnels. Stepped slabs were dug into the chalk, allowing many miners to dig at the same time. Care had to be taken to avoid collapse, and places in which the chalk was soft were simply abandoned.

A link was reported in the United Kingdom in 2017 between sinkholes opening up and the location of former chalk mines. The softness of chalk, as well as rain and erosion, has caused the ground in some places to collapse into the remnants of ancient chalk mines and tunnels.

See also
 Rügen Chalk

References

External links
Chalk mines in the UK
RFA Tidespring (A136). RFA Tidespring is a  replenishment tanker of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA). Built by DSME in 2016, the ship entered service with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary in November 2017.

Construction 
The construction of Tidespring was carried out by DSME in South Korea with her steel first being cut by RFA Commodore Rob Dorey on 24 June 2014. The ship was laid down on 22 December 2014 and launched four months later on 25 April 2015. A series of builders sea trials commenced from 29 March 2015 and were completed by 1 July 2016. The finalisation of electrical elements and the installation of Multi-Cable Transit insulation, as per new legislative regulations, caused a delay in the ship's delivery to the UK. On 5 February 2017, the ship departed South Korea for delivery to the UK, making stopovers at Yokosuka, Japan and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The ship transited the Panama Canal into the Atlantic Ocean and arrived in Falmouth, England on 31 March 2017. The ship was drydocked in Falmouth Docks for fitting out to be carried out by A&P Group on 27 April 2017. On 10 May 2017, a crane collapsed beside the ship whilst she was drydocked, however the vessel was not damaged in the incident.

Tidespring sailed from Falmouth for final evaluation trials on 1 September 2017 which included her first visit to Gibraltar, first of class flying trials and her first replenishment at sea (RAS) with . She was officially accepted into the RFA on 27 November 2017.

Operational history

The ship's first scheduled replenishment at sea was planned to be with  on 26 February 2018, however the full procedure — which was the first ever RAS for both ships — had to be abandoned due to bad weather. Tidespring and Queen Elizabeth instead carried out a full simulation of the scenario. In April, the ship participated in the bi-annual Exercise Joint Warrior, a large-scale NATO military exercise held off the coast of Scotland.

The ship underwent a maintenance refit at Cammell Laird's shipyard in Birkenhead in March 2019. A year later, the ship was involved in the largest Royal Navy response to a fleet of Russian warships in the North Sea. In September 2020, the ship accompanied  during sea drills in the Barents Sea alongside ships of the Danish, Norwegian and American navies.

See also 
 List of replenishment ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary

References

External links 
 Official website

Tide-class tankers
2015 ships
Ships built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
Janusz Tadeusz Cieśliński. Janusz Tadeusz Cieśliński was born on April 15, 1954, in Słupsk, Poland. Polish full professor of Gdańsk University of Technology, research fields Mechanical Engineering, Thermodynamics. Vice-Rector for Organisation of Gdańsk University of Technology since 1 September 2016.

Education 
Janusz Cieśliński graduated from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Gdańsk University of Technology (1978). In 1986 he received the title of Doctor, in 1997 he obtained the title of Ph.D. with habilitation, and in 2006 he received the title of Professor. He worked as head of department and vice-dean for Education at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering for two terms (2002-2008).

Research interests 
His research interests relate, among others, to intensification of convective heat transfer, the dynamics of bubbles of steam and gas, renewable energy, unconventional methods and systems for energy conversion, for example MHD generators, fuel cells and Stirling engines. Moreover, he studies thermophysical properties and using nanofluids in energy systems, including storage of thermal energy.

Publications 
Author and co-author of 152 papers. He supervised 9 Ph.Ds, and is a tutor of 3 doctoral students. He has been a reviewer in 24 doctoral, and 6 habilitation proceedings and in 2 procedure for the title of professor.

Janusz Cieśliński has completed a number of scientific internships, for example at Universität-GH-Essen, in Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH and twice in Fachhochschule Stralsund (University of Applied Sciences) as a DAAD scholarship. He repeatedly held short-term internships at the Hochschule Bremen. He is an active participant in the Erasmus Programme. The supervisor of more than 30 theses carried out at German universities.

Membership of societies 
Since 1994 a member of the Section of Thermodynamics of the Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences (secretary of the Section in 1999–2002). Since 2011 a member of the Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences. 1994-2011 chairman of the interdisciplinary Subsection of Multiphase Flows Section of Fluid Mechanics of the Committee of Mechanics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chairman, secretary or member of more than 30 organizing committees of conferences at national and international levels. Since 2014 a member of the editorial board of The Archive of Mechanical Engineering, since 1993 scientific consultant of the Magazine on Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.

Awards 
He was awarded the Gold Cross of Merit, the Medal of the National Education Commission, and also the Medal "Rebels at Gdańsk University of Technology 1945-1989". His activities for Gdańsk University of Technology were awarded 37 prizes of the GUT Rector.

References

1954 births
Living people
Polish engineers
Gdańsk University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the Gdańsk University of Technology
Faribault Viaduct. The Faribault Viaduct is a reinforced concrete highway bridge which carries Minnesota State Highway 60 over the Straight River in Faribault, Minnesota, United States.

It was constructed in 1937 by the Works Progress Administration with Art Deco/Classical Revival ornamentation, one of the last major examples in the state. The bridge has also been described as Moderne in style.

When listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, it was noted as a civic project linking a city divided by a river and rail corridor.  The bridge was rebuilt in 2008-09 and the decks widened, but the original piers and the three arches over the river remain.

See also
 List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Rice County, Minnesota

References

1937 establishments in Minnesota
Bridges completed in 1937
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Rice County, Minnesota
Transportation in Rice County, Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Rice County, Minnesota
Works Progress Administration in Minnesota
Concrete bridges in the United States
Caldas 2G7 Vento. The Caldas 2G7 Vento () is a Colombian ultralight aircraft that was designed and produced by Caldas Aeronautica of Cali, introduced in about 2010. The company seems to be out of business and the aircraft production completed.

Design and development
The aircraft features a strut-braced high-wing, an enclosed cabin with two-seats-in-tandem accessed by flip-up doors, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft was designed for recreational, flight training and agricultural aircraft uses. Its  span wing has an area of  and flaps. The standard engine fitted is the  Rotax 912UL powerplant.

Specifications (2G7 Vento)

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org

Vento
2010s Colombian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Arto Nurmikko. Arto V. Nurmikko, a native of Finland, is a L. Herbert Ballou University Professor of Engineering and Physics at Brown University. He received his degrees from University of California, Berkeley, with postdoctoral stays at MIT and Hebrew University. Professor Nurmikko conducts research in neuroengineering, brain sciences, nanophotonics and microelectronics, especially for the translation of device research to new technologies in biomedical, life science, and photonics applications.

His current interests include development of implantable wireless neural interfaces, nanoscale neural circuit sensors, compact red/green/blue/UV semiconductor lasers, and high resolution acoustic microscopy. He has published in several fields (about 400 articles), led many multi-institutional research teams, advised federal funding agencies, and lectured worldwide.

Professor Nurmikko is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and Fellow of the Optical Society of America. He has been the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, and elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters.

References

Brown University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of Optica (society)
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
Finnish expatriates in the United States
Mohammed Naseer Khan. Mohammed Naseer Khan (; 1941  – 10 July 2006) was a Pakistani physicist and academic administrator, the former Rector of the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology and Vice-Chancellor of Bahauddin Zakariya University. He also served as a special advisor to the government for education, Federal Minister, Grade MP-1.

Early life 
Khan was born in 1941 in Abbottabad, Pakistan. His family were local nobility and from the Jadoon tribe; his father was a police officer and his mother a homemaker.

Education and career 
In 1996, he took a position as the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences at the GIKI Institute in Topi, Pakistan, and later became the university's Prorector and then Rector. He also established a research laboratory on the ‘Fabrication and Characterisation of Advanced Materials’ in the Faculty of Engineering Sciences.

After serving as Rector of GIKI, Khan became the Vice-Chancellor of Bahauddin Zakariya University in May 2005. There "he endeavoured to create conducive work environment in the previously politicised and troubled institution and took unprecedented bold steps to achieve outstanding results."

Death 
Khan was killed on Pakistan International Airways Flight 688, which crashed in Multan on 10 July 2006, killing all 45 passengers and crew aboard. Following his death, The News International described him as one of the "most productive" scientists in Pakistan. A memorial service was also held in Bahrain.

Awards 

 Sitara-i-Imtiaz, awarded for services to education in the field of physics, 2002

References 

1941 births
2006 deaths
Pakistani physicists
Academic staff of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
Academic staff of Bahauddin Zakariya University
People from Abbottabad
Alumni of Brunel University London
University of Sindh alumni
Academic staff of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Academic staff of the University of Bahrain
Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2006
Short range order. In crystallography, short range order refers to the regular and predictable arrangement (i.e. crystalline lattice) of atoms over a short distance, usually with one or two atom spacings. However, this regularity described by short-range order does not necessarily apply to a larger area. Examples of materials with short range order include amorphous materials such as wax, glass and liquids as well as the collagen fibrils of the stroma in the cornea.

Besides ordering of atoms, short-range ordering of vacancies are also possible. Example of systems with short-range ordering of oxygen-vacancies include oxygen-deficient stoichiometries of the superconductors , ; as well as perovskites and novel bismuth sillenites.

See also 
 Order and disorder
 Structure of liquids and glasses

References 

Statistical mechanics
NIR MPV. The Multi-purpose vehicle is a purpose built departmental derivative of a diesel multiple unit constructed for use as a rail adhesion vehicle by NI Railways in Northern Ireland.

History
The vehicle was built by Windhoff in Germany, and is based on the Windhoff CargoSprinter unit, similar to the vehicles used by Network Rail on the British network. The double ended vehicle is designed primarily to apply sandite and use high pressure water jets on the rail to improve adhesion. However, the design is modular, allowing the swapping of equipment to undertake other work, including weed spraying and tree surgery. The MPV has been built to pull wagons as required.

The vehicle was delivered in October 2016 and undertook gauging trials prior to its entry into service. This coincided with the final use of NI Railway's 80 Class sandite train during the leaf fall season in 2016. The vehicle received the UIC identification number 99 70 9428 011-9, while it was numbered as 11 by NIR.

Gallery

References

MPV

Non-passenger multiple units
Computer-generated choreography. Computer-generated choreography is the technique of using algorithms to create dance. It is commonly described as using computers for choreographing dances, creating computer animations, studying or teaching aspects of human movement, illustrating dance movements, or assistance in notating dances. It may also be applied in terms of choreographic software for stimulation, enabling real-time choreography and generative dance, or simulation with virtual dancers in the field of Dance technology. Historically, computers and dance can be traced back to the 1960s, for example, Michael Noll wrote an article about his work, titled "Choreography and Computers", published in Dance Magazine in 1967.

Multiple projects have worked with computers and choreography to create movement materials, choreographic scores, and other digital outcomes, for example:
 Merce Cunningham used the software Lifeforms by Credo Interactive (later Danceforms) to create dance works, starting in the 1990s with Thecla Schiphorst.
 ChoreoGraph was a software tool from 1998 by choreographer Michael Klien and programmer Nick Rothwell. It was used to generate the score for the work Nodding Dog for the Volksoper Vienna as well as Duplex in 2001 and Einem in 2002 for Ballett Frankfurt, ZKM and Tanzquatier Wien.
 Improvisation Technologies was a CD-Rom by William Forsythe and Christian Ziegler, Produced at ZKM Karlsruhe in 1999 Starting as a way to document his processes for Ballet Frankfort, Forsythe developed this digital tool for analyzing movement.
 Software for Dancers was a UK-based project led by Scott deLahunta in 2002. Manifesting as a think tank, the project organized several workshops and symposia that explored rehearsal tools in the form of digital dance sketchbooks, performance tools, and documentation of dance.
 Synchronous Objects uses the score of the Forsythe work One Flat Thing, reproduced (2000), to create data and transform the dance into choreographic objects. These objects include digital components such as the Counterpoint Tool.
 Wayne McGregor has worked with the Choreographic Language Agent, an AI agent used to augment his process since 2004. The most recent iteration of this was Becoming a tool developed with Marc Downie and Nick Rothwell. The aim is to provoke new movement creation in the studio.
 Choreographic Coding Lab is a touring laboratory looking to explore connections of the data generated during dance and choreography with coding.
 Kate Sicchio joins the fields of computer-generated choreography and Live coding, through her projects Hacking Choreography (2012) and Hacking Choreography 2.0 (2014).
 Analogues to computer-generated choreography can be seen in traditional dance such as the Maypole dancing.
 Google releases a deep learning based AI Choreographer (2021) which outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively in generating realistic and captivating dance sequences.

References

Choreography
Algorithmic art