omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
William Henry Harrison (businessman). William Henry Harrison (1892 – April 23, 1956) was an American general (Major General of the United States Army) and businessperson.

Born in Brooklyn, William H. Harrison began his career in 1909, working with the New York Telephone Company, Western Electric and AT&T. In July 1940 he took a leave of absence from his position as vice president and chief engineer of AT&T when he was appointed to lead the construction division of the National Defense Advisory Commission. He was named chief of shipbuilding, construction and supplies in the Production Division of the newly created Office of Production Management in January 1941, and later that year he became the OPM's director of construction.

In July 1942 Harrison was commissioned a colonel in the U.S. Army, and he was soon promoted to brigadier general. He served as Director of Procurement for the United States Army Services of Supply. He was promoted to major general in July 1943, and given command of the Signal Corps Procurement and Distribution Service, responsible for all communications materiel of the U.S. Army and Army Air Forces. For his wartime service, Harrison received the U.S. Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Order of the British Empire (Honorary Commander), the French Legion of Honour (Officer) and the Hoover Medal.

After World War II Harrison returned to his position at AT&T. He was president of IT&T from 1948 until his death in 1956.

References

External links
 William Harrison at the Engineering and Technology History Wiki

20th-century American businesspeople
United States Army generals
ITT Inc. people
1892 births
1956 deaths
AT&T people
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
DBAG Class 145 and 146. The DBAG Class 145 and DBAG Class 146 are Bo′Bo′ mainline electric locomotives built by Adtranz primarily for the Deutsche Bahn at the end of the 1990s. The Class 145 is the freight version for DB Cargo; the Class 146 is the passenger version for DB Regio. Additional freight machines were built for the former Swiss railway Mittelthurgaubahn as well as for various private operators and leasing companies.

The classes of locomotives are predecessors of the Bombardier TRAXX locomotives.

Background and design 

The AdTranz DBAG Class 145 derives from the prototype locomotive 128 001 (also known as 12X) (see DBAG Class 128) that was built by AEG and Henschel; like competitor Krauss-Maffei’s 127 001 (See EuroSprinter), it uses asynchronous electric motors to drive the locomotive: based on experiences gained from DB Class 120.

Orders and operators

Freight versions 

The prototype resulted in an order from DB AG for eighty locomotives for medium-weight freight trains. These locomotives were delivered starting in 1997. By the end of production in 2000, 80 locomotives had been produced; built for DB Cargo. Later the locomotives were inherited by the successor organisations Railion followed by DB Schenker.

A further six units were built for the Swiss private railway the Mittelthurgaubahn in 2000 where they were designated Re 486; after the company's bankruptcy in 2002 the locomotives were sold to SBB Cargo, working as Re 481. The locomotives were not homologated for operations in Switzerland - only Germany - being operated by the Swiss federal railways' German subsidiary. This continued until 2005 when they were sold to the leasing company MRCE and subsequently operated for various private operators in Germany.

17 further units were produced between 1999 and 2001 for various private operators and leasing companies; including five for CBrail, six for Locomotion Capital (now Alpha Trains), two for Rail4chem (via leasing company Deutsche Leasing) and others.

Passenger versions 

Between 2000 and 2001, a development for passenger trains with hollow shaft final drive replacing the axle hung drive and a higher top speed of  was produced for DB Regio. These locomotives were given the designation DBAG Class 146. An additional 32 were ordered in August 2012.

Notes

References

Citations

Sources
BR146.de "Pictures, information and technology of the modern three-phase AC locomotives"  br146.de
technische Daten BR 145/146 Technical data for Classes 145/146

External links 
 
Baureihe 145 and Baureihe 146: Images and brief details of Classes 145 and 146 lokomotive-online.de

145
Electric locomotives of Germany
15 kV AC locomotives
Bo′Bo′ locomotives
Adtranz locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1997
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Standard gauge locomotives of Switzerland
Estelle Mærsk. Estelle Mærsk is a container ship owned and run by the Mærsk Line. She was, in 2009, the largest ever built by terms of gross tonnage. Estelle Mærsk has a capacity of 11,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU), including around 1,000  reefer containers, though a maximum capacity of 13,500 TEU is claimed. She is identical to the seven other ships in the , the first built of which was .

The Estelle Mærsk is  long and has a gross tonnage of 151,687. Her beam (width) is . She is powered by a Wärtsilä diesel engine, assisted by a waste heat recovery system, that can produce between  of power. A coat of environmentally safe silicone paint is used on the hull below the waterline, reducing drag and thus increasing speed and saving up to 1,200 tons of fuel per year. Estelle Mærsk was built by Odense Steel Shipyard of Denmark in 2006. Mærsk claim that these technologies, and staying below  whenever possible, reduce emissions by around 25% compared to other ships.

An older ship of the same name was attacked with rocket propelled grenades by Iranians near Dubai in 1987, many years before the current Estelle was built.

References

Container ships
Merchant ships of Denmark
Ships of the Maersk Line
2006 ships
Ships built in Odense
Virtual Organization for Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design. Virtual Organization for Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (VOICED) is a virtual organization that promotes innovation in engineering design. This project is the collaborative work of researchers at five universities across the United States, and is funded by the National Science Foundation. The goal of this virtual organization is to facilitate the sharing of design information between often geographically dispersed engineers and designers through the use of a robust and sophisticated design repository. Additionally, functional data can be mapped to historical failure data and possible components to create a conceptual design.

The end goal is to turn VOICED into a tool that allows engineers to create conceptual designs based on archived designs and detect failures in those design through an open design repository (Tumer & Stone, n.d.). VOICED is a fairly new organization, being about 3–4 years old, however the concepts that underlie the organization have been under development for much longer.

Universities
Oregon State University
Missouri University of Science and Technology (team has moved to Oregon State)
Penn State
University of Texas
Texas A&M University

NSF Awards
Collaborative Research: VOICED - A Virtual Organization for Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design 
 0742677 & 0742698

Software
Design Engineering Lab
 Design Repository
FunctionCAD is an open source application used for the visual representation of functional models.
SKDB - "apt for hardware", see also open source hardware.

See also
Open design

References

External links
http://www.p2pfoundation.net/VOICED

Engineering organizations
Man-Shield. Man-Shield is a privately owned Canadian construction company founded in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1972, with 2007 sales volume of CDN$93,818,121. A 2008 dispute between Man-Shield, and Zephyr, a property owner-developer, set important precedents in interpreting the Canadian Builders’ Lien Act. In December 2008 a consortium led by Man-Shield won a  contract for redevelopment of the Thunder Bay waterfront. That contract has since been lost.

References

External links

Construction and civil engineering companies of Canada
Canadian companies established in 1972
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1972
NASA Exceptional Technology Achievement Medal. The NASA Exceptional Technology Achievement Medal is an award given for technology contributions achieved in one of the following:

 Early technology development significantly contributing to the NASA mission 
 Exemplary collaborative effort in achieving significant technology transfer 
 Exceptional utilization of a NASA-developed technology resulting in a significant commercial application

See also 
 List of NASA awards

References
 NASA awards
 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Honor Awards (1969-1978)

External links
NASA Awards

Exceptional Technology Achievement Medal
Arabsat-1B. Arabsat-1B was a Saudi Arabian communications satellite which was operated by Arabsat. It was used to provide communication services to the Arab States. It was constructed by Aérospatiale, based on the Spacebus 100 satellite bus, and carried two NATO E/F-band (IEEE S band) and twenty five NATO G/H-Band (IEEE C band) transponders. At launch, it had a mass of , and an expected operational lifespan of seven years.

History
Arabsat-1B was launched aboard  on mission STS-51-G. Discovery was launched from LC-39A at the Kennedy Space Center at 11:33:00 GMT on 17 June 1985. It was deployed from Discovery, and boosted to a geosynchronous transfer orbit by means of a PAM-D upper stage. Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud flew aboard the Shuttle to supervise deployment, becoming the first Saudi citizen and first member of royalty to fly in space. Morelos 1 and Telstar 303 were also deployed on the same mission.

Arabsat 1B was placed into a geosynchronous orbit at a longitude of 26° East. In October 1991, a problem developed with the spacecraft's attitude control system, causing it to drift eastward out of control. The same fault had developed aboard its sister satellite, Arabsat-1A, a month earlier. It failed completely in early 1992.

See also

1985 in spaceflight

References

1985 in spaceflight
Derelict satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 1985
Satellites using the Spacebus bus
Satellites of Saudi Arabia
1985 in Saudi Arabia
Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle. The Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle (MML) is a monitoring development process to lower maintenance expenses and improve the dependability of IT infrastructure with regard to service recovery-related issues. It is based on the classical Waterfall model.

Monitoring Maintenance Lifecycle are methods and standards for improving and mastering maintenance processes, supporting processes and management processes throughout the monitoring lifecycle.

The quest for the optimized mix of processes has resulted in different standards throughout the history. One of the latest which was published is the ISO/IEC 12207 standard. This standard was proposed in 1988 and published in August 1995. It was created to establish a common international framework to acquire, supply, develop, operate, and maintain.

ISO/IEC 12207 consists of three types of processes:
 Primary lifecycle processes;
 Supporting lifecycle processes;
 Organizational lifecycle processes.

Supply
During the supply phase a project management plan is developed based on RUP. This plan contains information about the project such as different milestones that need to be reached. This project management plan is needed in the start up phase and throughout the monitoring and maintenance lifecycle.
Software development process
Shearography. Shearography or Speckle pattern shearing interferometry is a measuring and testing method similar to holographic interferometry. It uses coherent light or coherent soundwaves to provide information about the quality of different materials in nondestructive testing, strain measurement, and vibration analysis. Shearography is extensively used in production and development in aerospace, wind rotor blades, automotive, and materials research areas. Advantages of shearography are the large area testing capabilities (up to 1 m2 per minute), non-contact properties, its relative insensitivity to environmental disturbances, and its good performance on honeycomb materials, which is a big challenge for traditional nondestructive testing methods.

Shearing function

When a surface area is illuminated with a highly coherent laser light, a stochastical interference pattern is created. This interference pattern is called a speckle, and is projected on a rigid camera's CCD chip. Analogous with Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), to obtain results from the speckle we need to compare it with a known reference light. Shearography uses the test object itself as the known reference; it shears the image so a double image is created. The superposition of the two images, a shear image, represents the surface of the test object at this unloaded state. This makes the method much less sensitive to external vibrations and noise. By applying a small load, the material will deform. A nonuniform material quality will generate a nonuniform movement of the surface of the test object. A new shearing image is recorded at the loaded state and is compared with the sheared image before load. If a flaw is present, it will be seen.

Phase-shift technology

To increase the sensitivity of the measurement method, a real-time phase shift process is used in the sensor. This contains a stepping mirror that shifts the reference beam, which is then processed with a best fit-algorithm and presents the information in real time.

Applications

The main applications are in composite nondestructive testing, where typical flaws are:
Disbonds,
Delaminations,
Wrinkles,
Porosity,
Foreign objects, and
Impact damages.

Industries where Shearography is used are:
Aerospace,
Space,
Boats,
Wind power,
Automotive,
Tires, and
Art conservation.

Inspection standards

The methodology of shearography is standardized by ASTM International:
 ASTM E2581-07, "Standard Practice for Shearography on Polymer Matrix Composites, Sandwich Core Materials and Filament Wound Pressure Vessel’s in Aerospace Applications"

The following NDT personnel certification documents contain references to shearography:
 BS EN 4179:2009
 NAS 410, 2008 Rev 3
 ASNT SNT-TC-1A, 2006 edition
 ASNT CP-105, 2006 edition

References

Nondestructive testing
Bristol Babe. The Bristol Babe was a British-built light single-seat biplane, intended for the private flyer and produced immediately after the First World War. Only two flew.

Development
The Bristol Babe was the creation of Frank Barnwell, a flying enthusiast as well as Bristol's chief designer. It was aimed at the private owner flyer and was a small single-engined single-seat biplane with unswept staggered single-bay wings of unequal span. Full-span ailerons were fitted on the top wing only. The fuselage was plywood-skinned, with fabric covering it for protection. The cockpit was below the upper wing trailing edge with rounded decking aft to the tail. The fin and rudder were generous and rounded, the undercarriage a conventional single-axle plus tailskid arrangement.

Finding a suitable small engine proved difficult. The original intention was to use the 60 hp (50 kW) ABC Gadfly radial, but in April 1919 ABC pulled out of aero-engine manufacture. A possible alternative was the 40 hp (30 kW) flat-twin Siddeley Ounce currently being developed, so a third Babe was begun as a testbed. In the meantime, Barnwell resurrected a 1911 Viale 35 hp five-cylinder radial engine of 45 hp (34 kW) that had been installed in an  Avro Type F and which had been put into storage following a crash. This engine ran satisfactorily for up to half an hour, after which it tended to overheat. This was installed in the second Babe which made its first flight on 28 November 1919. The pilot, Cyril Uwins reported that it was an easy aircraft for an experienced pilot but rather unstable for a novice. Though it was useful for testing, the old Viale was not reliable enough for sale, so following discussions at the Paris Aero Show in November 1919, two seven-cylinder 60 hp (50 kW) Le Rhône Type 7B2 rotary engines were ordered for the first two Babes. The third Babe appeared at this show with an incomplete Ounce engine.

The second Babe built was referred to as the Babe I when it had the Viale engine and then as the Babe III with the Le Rhône engine. The Le Rhône-powered first machine was the other Babe III. The Ounce-powered third machine, designated Babe II, never flew, but the two Babe IIIs did and were registered over the winter of 1919-20.

The first Babe underwent a drastic modification in May 1920 when it received a thick cantilever monoplane wing. Safety concerns prevented its testing and by February 1921 both aircraft were off the Civil Register. The Viale engine is now in the Science Museum, London. In the retrospective allocation of Bristol type numbers made in 1923, the Babe I was labelled Type 30, the Babe IIs as Type 46 and the unflown Babe III the Type 46A.

Specifications (Babe III)

References

Citations

Bibliography

Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1910s British sport aircraft
Babe
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Rotary-engined aircraft
Pavitt's Taxonomy. Pavitt's Taxonomy categorizes mostly large industrial firms along trajectories of technological change according to sources of technology, requirements of the users, and appropriability regime (Pavitt 1984). The taxonomy aims to classify innovation modes according to different sectoral groups and the flow of knowledge between such groups. It was first proposed by Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) researcher Keith Pavitt at the University of Sussex and has since been applied in innovation research to describe and categorize industries and the firms therein (Archibugi 2001). According to Castellacci (2008), "Pavitt's model of the linkages between science-based, specialized suppliers, scale-intensive and supplier-dominated industries provides a stylized and powerful description of the core set of industrial sectors that sustained the growth of advanced economies during the Fordist age."

Pavitt's Taxonomy 

Pavitt's taxonomy consists of four categories of industrial firms:

 Supplier-dominated: includes firms from mostly traditional manufacturing such as textiles and agriculture which rely on sources of innovation external to the firm.
 Scale-intensive: characterized by mainly large firms producing basic materials and consumer durables, e.g. automotive sector. Sources of innovation may be both internal and external to the firm with a medium-level of appropriability.
 Specialized suppliers: smaller, more specialized firms producing technology to be sold into other firms, e.g. specialized machinery production and high-tech instruments. There is a high level of appropriability due to the tacit nature of the knowledge.
 Science-based: high-tech firms which rely on R&D from both in-house sources and university research, including industries such as pharmaceuticals and electronics. Firms in this sector develop new products or processes and have a high degree of appropriability from patents, secrecy, and tacit know-how.

See also 

 Innovation
 Innovation system

References

Further reading 

Innovation
Economic taxonomy
Lunghwa University of Science and Technology. Lunghwa University of Science and Technology (LHU; ) is a private university of science and technology in the Taiwanese vocational education system, originally based in Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

As its spirit of fundamental of initial creation in its school song, "a technical skill can be valued unlimitedly; both hands can be creating infinitely for country."

Popular undergraduate majors at LHU include electronics, business, mechanic, engineering, finance, philology, international business, industrial management, multi-media and gaming science, tourism and leisure science and computer science. Popular fields of study among graduate students include electronics, engineering, computer science and finance.
LHU claims to provide HTC, TSMC, UMC and other famous firms with more engineering, computer science and business graduates than any other college or university, and philanthropic support of LHU is among the highest in the Taiwanese vocational education system and technical education system.

Colleges and departments

There are three colleges at LHU.

College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Electronic Engineering
Department of Computer Information and Network Engineering

College of Management
Department of International Business
Department of Finance
Department of Business Administration
Department of Information Management
Department of Industrial Management

College of Humanities and Design
Department of Applied Foreign Languages
Department of Multimedia and Game Science
Department of Cultural Creativity and Digital Media Design
Department of Tourism and Recreation

Sister universities
Sister schools of Lunghwa include:

Alumni
 Chan I-hua – performed self-immolation on May 19, 1989 when the funeral procession of fellow activist Cheng Nan-jung (who had similarly immolated himself) was blocked by the police in front of the Presidential Office Building in Taipei on what is now called Ketagalan Boulevard.
 Chi Po-lin – photographer and film director

See also
 List of universities in Taiwan
 List of universities in Taoyuan County, Taiwan

References

External links

 Lunghwa University of Science and Technology website
Concept Ice Vehicle. The Concept Ice Vehicle or CIV was a bio-fuelled, propeller-powered vehicle that was  developed for the Andrew Regan / Andrew Moon bid to cross the Antarctic in 2009. The Expedition was rescheduled to November 2010 and the Ice Vehicle was re-engineered and renamed the Winston Wong Bio-Inspired Ice Vehicle BIV. Professor Winston Wong is the sponsor of the Moon Regan Transantarctic Expedition 2010. 
The Expedition has several key objectives: to show that the right motorised vehicles can operate successfully and efficiently in the Antarctic, to successfully complete a transantarctic crossing and to help researchers at Imperial College London gather useful data on vehicle emissions, the performance of biofuels and human performance under extreme conditions. 
Few ground vehicles have, to date, been successful there; researchers who work across the continent tend to rely on air travel, which may be more environmentally damaging.

Development 
The CIV was originally designed and engineered by Kieron Bradley - chassis designer for the Lotus Formula One team. Later changes and modifications were undertaken by the Expedition team and engineers at Imperial College London.

Specifications 
Suspension: all-round independent suspension to cope with rough terrain and sastrugi
Engine: R259 oilhead BMW motorcycle engine, running on E85 bio-ethanol
Dimensions: 4.5m long x 4.5m wide
Weight: 690 kg
Top speed: 84 mph

Testing 
The CIV underwent pre-expedition testing in Sweden in March 2009.

See also
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-1917
Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1955-1958

References

External links
 TransantarticExpedition.com
 http://www.gizmag.com/lotus-deploys-unique-concept-ice-vehicle-to-the-antarctic/9849/

Snowmobiles