omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Julian Heicklen. Julian Phillip Heicklen (March 9, 1932 – March 11, 2022) was an American chemist and civil liberties activist.

Early life and education
Heicklen was born on March 9, 1932, in Rochester, New York. 

Heicklen received a BA in chemical engineering from Cornell University in 1954. He received a PhD in chemistry from the University of Rochester in 1958.

Career
After receiving his PhD, Heicklen moved to Los Angeles to work for a defense contractor.

Heicklen became a professor at Pennsylvania State University in 1967. He was well liked by the students for his unorthodox style of instruction. To increase interest in his classes, he would hand out campaign buttons and appear in class wearing a cape. To demonstrate chemical reactions, he invited school gymnasts. He retired in 1992.

Activism
While working in Los Angeles, Heicklen became active in the local chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality. He was involved in activism throughout his teaching career but became more active after his retirement. After he retired in the early 1990s, he openly smoked marijuana in public in State College, Pennsylvania, as a protest against marijuana laws and to intentionally be arrested, which happened about five times. He did not smoke marijuana recreationally and did so only as a protest.

Heicklen was arrested multiple times by U.S. Department of Homeland Security federal police officers while distributing Fully Informed Jury Association (FIJA) literature at the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

On May 25, 2010, he was arrested after refusing to stop handing out pamphlets about jury nullification at a U.S. District Courthouse in New York City, and was indicted for jury tampering. Because of previous failures to appear in court, he was remanded to Rikers Island until his June 8 arraignment.  His arrest gained national attention over the following year due to the First Amendment implications of arresting a citizen for handing out educational pamphlets.

Heicklen was arrested or fined multiple times related to distributing pamphlets on nullificiation. Heicklen wrote that during one arrest he chose to fall to the ground limp and silent; an ambulance was called and he signed his hospital release form as "John Galt."

Another activist was arrested for filming on federal property without permission while recording Heicklen's November 9, 2009 arrest. Fellow nullification activists held a protest in his defense.

On April 19, 2012, District Court Judge Kimba Wood granted Heicklen's Motion to Dismiss the Indictment as legally deficient.

References

1932 births
2022 deaths
American chemists
People from Rochester, New York
Windrose 18. The Windrose 18 is an American trailerable sailboat that was designed by W. Shad Turner as a cruiser and first built in 1974.

The Windrose 18 design was developed into the Windrose 5.5 in 1977.

Production
The design was built by Laguna Yachts in the United States, starting in 1974, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Windrose 18 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable swing keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water, beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is normally fitted with a small  outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee berths in the main cabin. The optional galley is located on the starboard side and slides under the cockpit when not in use. The head is located in the bow cabin under the "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is .

For sailing the design is equipped with a range of jibs and genoas.

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 288 and a hull speed of .

In his 2010 book, The Sailor's Book of Small Cruising Sailboats, author Steve Henkel praised the Windrose 18 as "a showpiece" of Shad Turner's California sailboat design aesthetic, that emphasized "avante garde" modernist styling.

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Windrose 5.5

References

External links
Photo of a Windrose 18
Windrose 18 rigging and sailing video

Keelboats
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by W. Shad Turner
Sailboat types built by Laguna Yachts
Allison TF32. The Allison TF32 was a turbofan engine proposed by the Allison Division of General Motors in the 1960s. It was named as a finalist for the U.S. Navy's VSX aircraft for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) in January 1967, but lost the competition to the General Electric TF34 in early 1968.

Specifications (TF32-A-2)

See also

References

1960s turbofan engines
Allison aircraft engines
Margaret Andrew. Margaret J. Andrew (March 2, 1908 - September 5, 2000) was an American experimental engineer. Born in Dayton, Ohio, she had a focus in science and technology. Her work as an experimental engineer lead to two patents for improving dishwashing and clothes washing appliances.  In addition to her professional endeavors, Margaret had a passion for fine cooking and cuisine.

Family 
Margaret was the daughter of James E. and Mary L. (Darst) Andrew. She had two brothers, Herbert and Ralph Andrew and two sisters, Alma Gerhard and Emma Caroline Heath.

Education 
Andrew graduated from Steele High School, which was in Dayton, Ohio.  Upon her graduation, she began her collegiate career at The Ohio State University. Andrew was an active member of the OSU chapter of the Sigma Kappa sorority.  She was the first woman to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in Banking and Finance from OSU.

Career 
Andrew joined General Motors in the Frigidaire division, and worked within the customer research department for 17 years.  This position allowed her to reach consumers by going door to door to hear how they were utilizing the products and the insights that she gained from these conversations were used to create adjustments to the top rack inside of a dishwasher.  The original design only allowed for 12 glasses; Andrew determined that she could modify the rack to hold 26 glasses. Her work as an experimental engineer resulted in two different patents, both issued in her name. On September 26, 1957, Andrew filed a patent for a "Dish Rack for Domestic Appliance", which was granted and published on October 27, 1959.  Her other patent benefited the process of washing clothes, helping improve the agitation control of the washing machine. Andrew retired from Frigidaire after working for 37 years.

Publications 
Andrew became a published author in 1983 with the book Home Food Care. The book's focus was on a method of food preparation that involved cooking, sealing and freezing items.

Affiliations 
Andrew was a member of Westminster Presbyterian Church.  In 2003, the church, in partnership with Sinclair College, created a scholarship in her name, the "Margaret J. Andrew Memorial Scholarship for Culinary Students".  Westminster Presbyterian Church wanted to help facilitate Andrew's goal of financially assisting and supporting those wishing to obtain careers in the field of Culinary Arts.  Andrew was also a member of the American Association of University Women, a life member, Dayton OSU Alumni Club, Dayton Music Club, Dayton Federation of Women Club, and the Dayton Women's Club.

Awards 
In 1986, Andrew was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame, an honor for "significant contributions to the social, economic, political and cultural growth" within the state and the country. She was also the first woman to be elected President of the Ohio Valley Section of Food Technologists.

References 

Ohio State University Alumni

1908 births
2000 deaths
Wanda Lewis. Wanda Jadwiga Lewis is a Polish-British civil engineer known for her work on the design of tensile structures, including nature-inspired stress-resilient forms for arch bridges. She is an emeritus professor of civil engineering at the University of Warwick.

Education and career
Lewis is originally from Opole, in Poland. After earning diplomas in economics and engineering at the University of Opole, and a master's degree at the University of Birmingham, Lewis earned a PhD in 1982 at the University of Wolverhampton, as the only research assistant at the university, under the auspices of the Council for National Academic Awards.

After working as a schoolteacher and as a borough council structural engineer, she joined the Warwick faculty in 1986. She became the first woman in the Warwick civil engineering department to be promoted as a reader and a professor.

Book
Lewis is the author of the book Tension Structures: Form and Behavior (Thomas Telford, 2003; 2nd ed., ICE Publishing, 2018).

Recognition
Lewis is a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 2004, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 2020.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British civil engineers
Polish civil engineers
Polish women engineers
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of the University of Wolverhampton
Academics of the University of Warwick
Fellows of the Institution of Civil Engineers
20th-century Polish engineers
21st-century Polish engineers
20th-century British engineers
21st-century British engineers
21st-century British women engineers
20th-century British women engineers
Lewis Stephen Ramsdell. Lewis Stephen Ramsdell  (4 June 1895 – 14 June 1975) was an American mineralogist who was a pioneer in the use of X-ray diffraction to study mineral structures.

Education and career 

Ramsdell was born in Clinton, Michigan to Dwight and Phoebe Voorhies Ramsdell. He received a BS (1917) from the University of Michigan followed by an MS (1919) and a doctorate (1925). His doctoral work was on the structure of metallic sulphide minerals using X-ray diffraction. He set up the apparatus using a modified dental X-ray system after training in England in 1933 at the University of Manchester. He became an instructor in mineralogy at the University of Michigan, assistant professor (1926), and full professor in 1944. He trained several generations of X-ray crystallographers, was an advisor for Newman Thibault who studied silicon carbide, which became a major area of interest for Ramsdell. He determined the pattern of polytypes in silicon carbides and predicted several arrangements. He also examined the structure of coesite by artificially producing it. It is now used to identify meteorite impacts where it forms due to shock waves.

Ramsdell studied and served as faculty at the University of Michigan for most of his career. His work on the stacking of silicon carbides led to a systematic way of indicating the arrangements which goes by the name of Ramsdell notation. A manganese oxide mineral was named as Ramsdellite in 1943 in his honour. A major book written by him was a textbook of mineralogy.

Personal life 

Ramsdell married Lois Ethel Calkins, fellow student at Michigan, in 1920 and they had two daughters.

References

External links 

 Ramsdellite

1895 births
1975 deaths
American crystallographers
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan faculty
American mineralogists
Roketsan Akya. Akya is a new-generation heavyweight torpedo developed by Roketsan for the Turkish Navy. As of 2021, its tests completed, and it went in serial production. "Akya" is the Turkish name of Leerfish.

History
The heavyweight torpedo project was initiated by the ArMerKom ("Research Center Command") of the Turkish Navy in 2009. Roketsan was signed for the realization. The serial production of Akya started in 2021 after the test firings successfully completed in 2020, which began by July 2013. It is planned that the Reis-class, Preveze-class and Gür-class submarines will be equipped with Akya. It will replace the torpedoes of type Mk 14, Mk 23, Mk 24 (Tigerfish) Mod.2, Mk 37 Mod.2 & Mod.3 and SST-4 Mod.0.

AKYA successfully completed its first live firing trial on 27 December 2023, when it was fired from submarine TCG Preveze and destroyed target ship ex-TCG Gazal. The first delivery to the Turkish Navy was conducted in May 2024.

Features
Powered by a brushless DC electric motor and counter-rotating propellers using high-energy electrochemical batteries, Akya is able to achieve  a speed exceeding  and a range of more than . It has a proximity fuze and an underwater shock-insensitive warhead  in weight. Externally wire-guided with a fiber-optic cable, the heavyweight torpedo has active/passive sonar head and is capable of acoustic countermeasure, wake homing. The  heavy torpedo is  long and has a diameter of .

See also
 Black Shark
 DM2A4
 K731 White Shark
 K761 Tiger Shark
 Mk 48
 Spearfish
 Tigerfish
 Type 89
 Type 65
 Varunastra (torpedo)
 Yu-6

References

Torpedoes of Turkey
Military equipment introduced in the 2020s
Akya
Datagen. Datagen was a multinational software company founded in 2018 by Ofir Chakon and Gil Elbaz. The company provides a platform for generating synthetic data for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), computer vision (CV), and artificial intelligence (AI), namely, self-driving cars, robotics and IoT security.

History 
Datagen was founded in 2018 by Israeli Technion graduates Ofir Chakon and Gil Elbaz. The initial inspiration for creating what later was to become Datagen was a video of Facebook founder, Mark Zuckerberg, demonstrating Oculus.

The Datagen platform is used to generate synthetic data used in computer vision AI while rendering the production of 2D and 3D imagery, by other means, for the purpose of training AI models, obsolete. The company claims it can reduce the time needed to create AI training data from days to a few hours. Datagen states that this will result in better-trained and more useful AI systems.

In 2021, the company recruited new executives from several other tech corporations: Tal Darom (a past senior executive at Amazon in Israel), Jonathan Laserson, Karin Regev, and Hadas Scheinfeld (a former executive at Google).

In 2022, the company announced that it raised $50 million in a Series B funding round.

In 2024, the company announced that it has decided to close down the business even though 20 million dollars remained in the bank.

References

External links 

 

Israeli companies established in 2018
Companies based in Tel Aviv
Data companies
Technology companies of Israel
Computer vision software
Virtual reality companies
Lali Bridge. The Lali cable bridge (Persian: پل لالی) is a cable-stayed bridge in Khuzestan, Iran. This cable-stayed bridge is located south of the city of Lali, in the Khuzestan province and with a central span of 256 metres is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Iran. Lali cable bridge was built to connect the two cities of Lali and Masjed Soleyman, as well as to establish communication between oil and gas fields on both sides of Gotvand Lake. It supports two lanes of traffic as well as oil and gas pipelines. Bridge was put into operation in July 2011.

History
Lali cable bridge was one of the side projects of Gotvand Olya dam and power plant. In fact, this bridge was an alternative to another bridge that was submerged during the completion of construction and when the dam was flooded. The bridge was located about three kilometers from the Lali cable bridge.

See also
Upper Gotvand dam

References 

Bridges in Iran
Roads in Iran
Bridges completed in 2011
Buildings and structures in Tehran
Architecture in Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran era architecture
2011 establishments in Iran
Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project. The Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project () is a large-scale civil engineering project under construction that will allow water from the Jinsha River near Lijiang to be transported to Central Yunnan. The total length of the water channels will be , of which  will be in tunnels.

The project has a cost of US$ 12.03 billion, largely funded by the Ministry of Water Resources. It is planned for completion by 2026.

Background 

Central Yunnan is a region in China where, currently, only  of water is available per capita annually, compared to a  recommended minimum. At the same time, Central Yunnan accounts for 68% of Yunnan's GDP. The region has suffered from long drought spells, such as a period of 30 months without heavy rains in Kunming. Water scarcity has been described as the "biggest bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of Central Yunnan." The idea of diverting water from the Jinsha River to Central Yunnan was first proposed by Yunnan's vice-governor Zhang Chong in the 1950s.

The water diversion project was included in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. In April 2017, it was approved by the State Council.

Construction 
Construction was preceded by 16 years of preliminary work involving studying of the water use of the target area and selecting suitable routes.

Construction commenced on 4 August 2017, with a planned construction time of 8 years. The project includes 58 tunnels with a total length of , 25 inverted siphons, 17 aqueducts, and 15 culverts. 610 km of the length is in tunnels.

The construction is divided into six sections: Dali I, Dali II, Chuxiong, Kunming, Yuxi, and Honghe.

The project will include the world's longest water tunnel, the world's largest underground pump room, and largest pump capacity in Asia. In addition, it deals with challenging geological conditions due to passing through a number of faults. It crosses the four major watersheds of Yunnan: that of the Jinsha River, Mekong, Red River, and Nanpan River, as well as crossing the Hengduan Mountains in northwest Yunnan.

Impact 
Once completed, the project would improve water availability for 11 million people, spread over 35 counties in Yunnan and a total area of . Over  billion of water would be transported through the channels annually by 2040.  This water will be used for domestic and industrial water supply ( million), agricultural water supply ( million), as well as for improving the ecology of lakes in the region ( million).

The designed flow rate of the pipelines is  per second.

Since the inlet at the Jinsha River does not include a dam structure, the impact on the source river is expected to be small.

The project is seen as a demonstration project for a future Tibet to Xinjiang water diversion project.

See also 

 South–North Water Transfer Project, series of projects diverting water from the Yangtze river to the north of China

External links 

 Official website

References 

Aqueducts in China
Irrigation in China
Megaprojects
Macro-engineering
Predicted line of sight. Predicted line of sight (PLOS) is a method of missile targeting. In PLOS, the operator tracks the target with the missile launcher's onboard sights for a short period of time (3-5 seconds). Software on the launcher extrapolates from the data gathered, producing a prediction of the route required to intercept the moving target. When fired the missile uses inertial navigation to fly this course and hopefully engage the target either by direct contact or via proximity fuse detonating the warhead. The method is used by the NLAW and FGM-172 SRAW anti-tank weapon.

For a moving vehicle, the course will be a curve, the greater the angular velocity of the target from the launcher the smaller the radius of the curve. The curve is such that if the launcher had kept tracking the target after launch the missile would always be on the line between the launcher and target. This is what is attempted by command to line of sight (CLOS) but in the case of PLOS, no commands are issued post-launch and the target is not tracked by either the missile or the launcher. It is a fire-and-forget technique.

See also
 Command guidance
 Manual command to line of sight (MCLOS)
 Fire-and-forget
 NLAW
 FGM-172 SRAW
 Alcotán-100

References 

 
Missile guidance
Maryline Hélard. Maryline Hélard (born 1958) is a French research engineer specializing in wireless networks. Her research interests include wired and wireless communications and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques.

Life and work 
Maryline Hélard (also known as Maryline Le Guyader) received her engineering degree (1981) and her Ph.D. degree (1984) from the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) (now called Supélec) in Rennes, France, as well as her post-doc habilitation degree in 2004. 

Hélard worked for France Telecom (1985–2007), now known as Orange Labs Networks, in Châtillon, France, as a research engineer. In 2007 she returned to INSA Rennes as a full professor and led the IETR (Institut d’Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes) Department, located on the Rennes campus of CentraleSupélec. Presently, she is a full professor at INSA Rennes in the Communication Systems and Networks department.

Her PhD students have included the engineer Dinh Thuy Phan Huy (2015).

She has been involved in several collaborative research projects.

Selected memberships 
 IEEE, an international society of electrical engineers

Selected publications 
Hélard has published more than 260 professional papers and has been granted numerous patents.

 Helard, Maryline, Jacques Citerne, Odile Picon, and V. Fouad Hanna. "Theoretical of and Experimental Investigation Finline Discontinuities." IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 33, no. 10 (1985): 994-1003.
 Helard, Maryline, Rodolphe Le Gouable, Jean-Francois Helard, and Jean-Yves Baudais. "Multicarrier CDMA techniques for future wideband wireless networks." In Annales des télécommunications, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 260-274. Springer-Verlag, 2001.
 Boher, Laurent, Rodrigue Rabineau, and Maryline Helard. "FPGA implementation of an iterative receiver for MIMO-OFDM systems." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 26, no. 6 (2008): 857-866.
 Phan-Huy, Dinh-Thuy, and Maryline Hélard. "Receive antenna shift keying for time reversal wireless communications." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 4852-4856. IEEE, 2012.
 Peng, Linning, Maryline Hélard, and Sylvain Haese. "On bit-loading for discrete multi-tone transmission over short range POF systems." Journal of lightwave technology 31, no. 24 (2013): 4155-4165.
 Maaz, Mohamad, Maryline Hélard, Philippe Mary, and Ming Liu. "Performance analysis of time-reversal based precoding schemes in MISO-OFDM systems." In 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2015.
 Mohamed Shehata, Matthieu Crussière, and Maryline Hélard. On the Theoretical Limits of Beam Steering in mmWave Massive MIMO Channels. In 2019 IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE Press, 1–6. 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2019.8904228

References 

   

Living people
1958 births
20th-century French engineers
21st-century French engineers
20th-century French scientists
Supélec alumni
Leo G. Adams. Leo G. Adams (born September 11, 1937) is an American politician and mechanical engineer.

Adams lived in New Hope, Minnesota with his wife and family. He graduated from Minneapolis North High School, then received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Minnesota. Adams also took graduate classes in business administration at the University of Minnesota. He served on the Minnesota State Board on Human Rights and on the Minnesota Public Service Commission. Adams served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1975 to 1980; when he resigned, when he was appointed to the Public Service Commission. Adams was a Democrat.

References

1937 births
Living people
20th-century American engineers
People from New Hope, Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
American mechanical engineers
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
20th-century members of the Minnesota Legislature