omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
LEDBAT. Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) is a way to transfer data on the Internet quickly without clogging the network. LEDBAT was invented by Stanislav Shalunov and is used by Apple for software updates, by BitTorrent for most of its transfers and by Microsoft SCCM software distribution points. At one point in time, LEDBAT was estimated to carry 13–20% of Internet traffic.

LEDBAT is a delay-based congestion control algorithm that uses all the available bandwidth while limiting the increase in delay; it does so by measuring one-way delay and using changes in the measurements to limit congestion that the LEDBAT flow itself induces in the network. LEDBAT is described in RFC 6817.

Design goals
LEDBAT congestion control has the following goals:
 Use all available bandwidth, and to maintain a low queueing delay when no other traffic is present,
 Limit the queuing delay it adds to that induced by other traffic, and
 To yield quickly to standard TCP that share the same bottleneck link.

Implementations and deployment
The two main implementations are uTP by BitTorrent and as part of TCP by Apple. BitTorrent uses uTP for most traffic and makes the code available under an open-source license.  Apple uses LEDBAT for Software Updates so that large software downloads to macOS computers and iOS devices do not interfere with normal user activities; Apple also makes the source code available.

Both of the above implementations aim to limit the network queuing delay to 100ms.  This is the maximum allowed for by the standardized protocol.  If one used a lower value, then it would be starved when the other was in use.

Windows 10 Anniversary Update introduced support for LEDBAT via undocumented socket option as an experimental Windows TCP Congestion Control Module and Windows Server 2019.

Example
Assumptions:
 The clocks of the sender and the receiver are not synchronized.
 The sender sends at a fixed rate.

The sender sends 5 packets of data every 10 clock counts: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. The units are unimportant. The receiver is receiving data not only from this particular sender but also from other sources. For the 5 packets that were sent, the receiver receives them at the following clock counts: 112, 135, 176, 250, 326. The first differences (one way delay) between the received and sent clock counts are: 102, 115, 146, 210, 276. The second differences (change in one way delay) are: 13 (115 - 102), 31, 64 and 66. The receiver will infer from the positive increase in one way delays that congestion is increasing and adjust the transfer rate accordingly.

See also
 TCP congestion control

References

Network protocols
BGP (disambiguation). BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, an Internet protocol.

BGP may also stand for:
 β-glycerophosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor
 Balanced Growth Path, a steady state solution for some economic growth models
 Brawn GP, a Formula One motor racing team
 Bandwidth guaranteed polling, an Ethernet bandwidth allocation algorithm
 Presidential Guard Battalion (Brazil), honor guard to the President of Brazil
 Blue Gene/P supercomputer
 Basic graph patterns, from computer science's
 Eastern Balochi language, ISO 639-3 language code bgp
P. V. Radhakrishna Pillai. P.V.Radhakrishna Pillai or Plavalil Kizhakkethil Vasudevan Radhakrishna Pillai is an Indian engineer based in Bahrain.  He was born in Mavelikara, in Alappuzha district Kerala of India.

He has been awarded the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman by President of India Pratibha Patil in January 2012 for his contributions among non residence Indian. He held the positions of President, Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam, Chairman Indian School, Bahrain 2002–2008, President Surya Bahrain chapter.

He is working as a senior engineer in the ministry of electricity and water of the Kingdom of Bahrain but had earlier served in the Kerala State Electricity Board.

He is the president of Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam, which one of the biggest expatriate communities in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Award

Achievements
2014 The Outstanding Alumnus by Shashi Tharoor

References

Sources

https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002228/http://bigfaces.com/profile/detail/p-v-radhakrishna-pillai173
http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=147652
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Bahrain-Keraleeya-Samajam

Indian emigrants to Bahrain
Living people
Burmese Hindus
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
1990 in India
Evacuations of Indians
Airlifts
Transistor fault. Transistor Fault model is a Fault model used to describe faults for CMOS logic gates. At transistor level, a transistor may be stuck-short or stuck-open. In stuck-short, a transistor behaves as it is always conducts (or stuck-on), and stuck-open is when a transistor never conducts current (or stuck-off). Stuck-short will usually produce a short between VDD and VSS.

In the example picture, a faulty PMOS transistor in a CMOS NAND Gate is shown (M3-highlighted transistor). If M3 is stuck-open, then in case we apply A=1 and B=0  then the output of the circuit will become Z. And if M3 is stuck-short, then the output will always be connected to 1, and it also may short VCC to GND in case we apply A=B=1.

Digital electronics
Electronic design
Electronic circuit verification
Ome Railway Park. The  is a railway museum in Ōme, Tokyo, Japan. It opened in 1962, and is operated by the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation, a foundation established by East Japan Railway Company.

Exhibits
Seven steam locomotives, one electric locomotive and one 0 Series Shinkansen EMU car are on display. (as of July 2023)

 Shinkansen car 22-75 was repainted into Tohoku ivory/green livery for short period in late 1980s.
 JNR Class C51 steam locomotive No. C51 5 was also preserved here until it was moved to the Railway Museum in Saitama, Saitama.
 JGR Class 110 steam locomotive No. 110 was also sectioned and put on display here, until its sectioned part was restored was moved to CIAL Sakuragichō Station in June 2020.

Access
The museum is located 15 minutes walk from Ome Station on the Ome Line.

Address
2-155 Katsunuma, Ōme, Tokyo

References

External links

 
 List of engines

Museums established in 1962
Museums in Tokyo
Railway museums in Japan
Open-air museums in Japan
1962 establishments in Japan
Ōme, Tokyo
East Japan Railway Company
Multi-purpose vessel. A multi-purpose vessel (MPV) is a seagoing ship that is built for the carriage of a wide range of cargoes. Examples of these cargoes are: wood, steel, building materials, rolls of paper and bulk cargo.  

Multi-purpose vessels can be divided into four categories: vessels with and without cargo gear, coastal trade liners and sea-river vessels. Bigger multi-purpose vessels are able to carry different kinds of loading on the same voyage. Smaller multi-purpose vessels do not have this advantage but they are employed to get into smaller harbours because of their limited draught. 

Because of their varying operating conditions, these ships have complex designs that are difficult to build. Their all-round design must be able to carry heavy loads, large objects and unitised cargo as bulk cargo. These cargoes can be rolled or lifted on board so this requires different types of loading gear, as well.

According to DNV, there are some 15,000 MPVS in existence and they range in size from small coastal vessels up to large ships with a heavy lift capability.

See also
 Freight transport

References 

Ship design
Cargo ships by type
ANTEX-M. ANTEX-M (, Military Experimental Unmanned Aircraft) is a family of small- and medium-sized experimental unmanned aerial vehicles developed by the Portuguese Air Force in partnership with several universities and institutes. The development program is part of the PITVANT program and is funded by the Portuguese National Defense Ministry until 2015.

The objective of the ANTEX-M is not to develop a fully operational UAV system to execute PoAF missions but to demonstrate aeronautical technology and support research and development projects of the Portuguese Air Force Academy and other academic and industrial partners.

History 
The first program for the development of the ANTEX M was created by the Portuguese Air Force in 2002. This program had the objective of jointly researching and developing an experimental military UAV with the Portuguese Air Force Academy's Investigation Center () and several national and international institutes, universities, and industry partners (EDISOFT). The program's cost was estimated to be €2 million and was canceled before starting due to lack of funding.

Another program, under the same name, was established in partnership with the Technical Institute (IST) of the University of Lisbon for the development of a remotely controlled vehicle for flight testing new aeronautical composites and materials. During this program the ANTEX-M models X00, X01 and X02 were developed and participated in the European projects Active Aeroelastic Aircraft Structures (3AS) and Aircraft Reliability Through Intelligent Materials Application (ARTIMA).

From 2006 to 2008, the Air Force Academy and the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) collaborated in developing an autonomous flight control system for unmanned aircraft.

In 2007, the Portuguese Air Force created the PITVANT (, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Investigation and Technology Project), and presented it as a proposal to the National Defense Ministry for the allocation of €2 million in funding to be distributed during the seven years in which the project would be active.

The project focus on the design, construction and testing of small and medium UAV platforms, interoperability of unmanned systems, data fusion, navigation systems. Included is also the testing of the systems in military scenarios, such as: maritime patrol, search and rescue, coastal surveillance, sea pollution control, and reconnaissance.

The development of the ANTEX-M as part of PITVANT involves the FEUP (AsasF Project), IST, Institute of Geodesy and Navigation at the University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich, and the University of Victoria.

Specifications (ANTEX-M X03)

Operators 

 Portuguese Air Force: At least 4 units received, all built by Portuguese Air Force Academy.

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links 
 Antex-M, AsasF FEUP
 Alfa, ANTEX-M Alfa vehicle
 PITVANT, Portuguese Air Force Academy 

Twin-boom aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Unmanned experimental aircraft
Portugal
ANTEX-M
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Twin-tail aircraft
James Thomas Engineering. James Thomas Engineering (JTE) is a British manufacturing company based in Worcester, Worcestershire.  From 1990, the company also has offices in Knoxville, Tennessee.  The company manufactures stage lighting equipment and stage rigging equipment, such as trusses, PAR lamp enclosures and more recently LED stage lighting equipment.

History
James Thomas Engineering was formed in February 1977 in a small garage in Bishampton, England by James Thomas and John Walters, manufacturing spun aluminium par lanterns.  In 1978 it moved to Pershore and started manufacturing truss.  It developed a pre-rigged truss system in 1983 and relocated to larger premises in Pershore in 1984.  In 1990 JTE opened a USA office for manufacturing truss.

In July 2000 the UK office relocated again to a larger 52,700 square foot facility in Worcester and in October 2001 the USA site relocated to a 30,000 square foot facility.

In 2002 the company started manufacturing LED stage lighting fixtures as part of a product range known as PixelRange, including the 1044 PixelLine fixture.

Indiana State Fair

James Thomas Engineering was implicated in a number of lawsuits arising as a result of the Indiana State Fair stage collapse in 2011.

References

External links
James Thomas Engineering UK
James Thomas Engineering USA

Electronics companies of the United Kingdom
Stage lighting
Manufacturing companies based in Worcester, England
Companies based in Knoxville, Tennessee
Sunbeam Bomber. The Sunbeam Bomber was a prototype single-engined, single seat bomber aircraft of the First World War. Only one example flew as the type proved to be unsuccessful and was abandoned.

Design and development
Following the outbreak of the First World War, the Sunbeam Motor Car Company became a major supplier of licence-built aircraft for the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), in addition to its existing work as a designer and builder of aero-engines and motor vehicles. In November 1916, a requirement for a single-engined, single-seat bomber was issued on behalf of the RNAS, and when Sunbeam decided to design an aircraft to respond to this specification, it received an order for two prototypes from the Admiralty.

Sunbeam's design was a two-bay biplane of conventional tractor configuration. It was powered by one of Sunbeam's own Arab V8 engines rated at  and driving a two-bladed propeller. The aircraft's fuel tanks were located in the fuselage at the aircraft's centre of gravity, which resulted in the pilot's cockpit being well behind the wings (and  behind the nose). Racks for three 100 lb (45 kg) bombs were fitted under the wings, while a single forward-firing synchronized Vickers machine gun was mounted above the aircraft's engine.

The first prototype, serial number N515 first flew at Castle Bromwich in late 1917, but exhibited a number of problems. The Puma engine, despite being ordered in large numbers, was unreliable and suffered from severe vibration, which considerably delayed service testing. The aircraft's layout, with the pilot sitting so far aft, gave him a poor view, and sitting  away from the Vickers gun, could no nothing to resolve any gun stoppage. When eventually formally tested, in August 1918, it proved to be heavier and carry fewer bombs than the private venture Sopwith B.1 of similar concept. The second prototype was abandoned before it was completed, and no orders were placed either for the Sunbeam or the Sopwith, which were incapable of defending themselves against attacking enemy fighters Existing two-seat aircraft such as the Airco DH.4 better met the RNAS's (and later the Royal Air Force's) requirements.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

 

1910s British bomber aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Choy Jin-ho. Choy Jin-ho (; born September 1, 1948) is a South Korean scientist. He was a professor in the department of chemistry at Seoul National University from 1981 to 2004, and thereafter a distinguished professor and director of the Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM) at Ewha Womans University.

Education 

Choy received his B.S. (1971) and M.S. degrees (1973) in chemical engineering from Yonsei University in Seoul. Afterwards he received a diploma in 1975 from the UNESCO postgraduate course in chemistry and chemical engineering, research laboratory of engineering materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. He then moved to Germany, where he earned his PhD (1979) in inorganic chemistry at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.

Work 

Choy was a professor in the department of chemistry at Seoul National University (1981–2004). He is currently a distinguished professor and director of the Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM) at Ewha Womans University. He held multiple visiting professorships:

 Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide du CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux I, France (1985–1986), 
 Department of materials engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States (2003), 
 Kumamoto University, Japan (2008)
 Honorary professor of Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology at The University of Queensland, Australia.

He was a member of the international editorial board (IEB) or an associate editor of the Journal of Material Chemistry, Materials Research Bulletin, and Chemistry of Materials, and is currently involved in various journals including Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Solid State Sciences, Chemistry – An Asian Journal as an IEB member.

Awards 

 Korean Chemical Society (1997), 
 National science award in chemistry from the South Korean government (2000), 
 Distinguished Service Knight Medal from the French Government (Palmes Academiques Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques: 2003)
 1st Class National Science Medal (2006)
 Korean Best Scientist Award from the President of South Korea (2007)
 Role Model in Science from the South Korean government
 Award of Fellow from the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (2008)
 Culture award in science from Seoul City (2010)
 Academic award from Ewha Womans University (2012). 
 Permanent member of Korean Academy of Science and Technology (2002).

References

External links 
 Homepage at Ewha Womans University

1948 births
Living people
South Korean chemists
Yonsei University alumni
Tokyo Institute of Technology alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Academic staff of Seoul National University
Academic staff of Ewha Womans University
Solid state chemists
Jonathan Creek (New Brunswick). Jonathan Creek is a tributary of the Petitcodiac River in New Brunswick. The creek's watershed area is around 50 km2. The majority of Jonathan Creek flows through the city of Moncton, eventually joining Jones Lake.  Because of its close proximity to commercial and residential areas, water run off and bank erosion have impacted the condition of Jonathan Creek.  In 2003, city of Moncton pleaded guilty to environmental charges regarding leachate from an out of service landfill being found in Jonathan Creek.

See also
 List of rivers of New Brunswick

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20120308231933/http://www.petitcodiacwatershed.org/jonathan_creek
 https://web.archive.org/web/20131228065401/http://www.bassinpetitcodiac.org/jonathan_creek_restoration
 http://ebi.probeinternational.org/investigations/news-coverage-2/april-19-2007-2/

Rivers of New Brunswick
Moncton
List of railway lines approved by the Queensland Parliament but never constructed. This is a list of the known railway proposals in Queensland, Australia, either formally approved by the Queensland Parliament or otherwise recorded in some formal way, that were never built.

Approved by Parliament
Laura - 48 km towards Maytown, approved 1888
Croydon - 85 km towards Georgetown, approved 1895, being the amount of rail in storage at Croydon following the diversion of the line from Cloncurry. The rail was later used to construct part of the Mt Isa line to Cloncurry.
Gladstone  -  Callide Coalfields, approved 1900. A different line to Callide Coalfields was built in 1952 via the Callide Valley line, and connected to Gladstone in 1968 when the Moura Short Line was opened.
Miriam Vale – Glassford copper mine, approved 1900
Great Western Railway and connecting lines, approved 1910
Via Recta (Mt Edwards – Maryvale), proposed to provide a direct Brisbane – Warwick line, approved 1914
Burketown – Lawn Hill silver mine, approved 1914
Wandoan – Taroom, approved 1914
Extension of the South Western line from Dirranbandi to Boomi (New South Wales), approved 1914.
Extension of the Brisbane Valley railway line from Yarraman to Nanango, approved 1914
Texas – Silver Spur mine, approved 1914
Glenmorgan – Surat, approved 1914
Lawgi – Monto, approved 1920
Brooloo – Kenilworth, approved 1920
Dobbyn – 80 km towards Burketown, approved 1920
Peeramon – Boonjie, approved 1920
Croydon – Georgetown, approved 1929.

Other proposals
Cooyar – Tarong, mentioned in the parliamentary approval debate concerning the Tarong line
Rosewood – Rosevale, shown on a 1925 map as ‘Approved of by Parliament’
Gatton – Mount Sylvia, shown on a 1925 map as ‘Approved of by Parliament’

External links
 1925 map of the Queensland railway system

See also
Rail transport in Queensland

References

Closed railway lines in Queensland
Unbuilt buildings and structures in Australia
Railway lines approved by the Queensland Parliament but never constructed
Australian railway-related lists
CoreFiling. CoreFiling Limited (trading as DecisionSoft Limited until 2009) is a private limited software house based in Oxford, UK. Its product-range enables creation, validation, search, filing and audit of XBRL/iXBRL documents. Its products are used by financial regulators and financial institutions. Its products are sold directly and through resellers including BDO International, Unit4, and IRIS Software. It is a member of the XBRL Consortium.

iXBRL

Philip Allen of CoreFiling invented the inline XBRL markup standard that is now required by regulators such as HMRC.

Open source

CoreFiling maintain a number of open-source BSD licensed XML tools including a pretty-printer, differ, and schema validator.

References

1997 establishments in the United Kingdom
Software companies of the United Kingdom
Software companies established in 1997
Companies established in 1997
Companies based in Oxford
Penn State Lunar Lion Team. Lunar Lion is a team of Penn State students and engineers from the Penn State Applied Research Laboratory. The team hopes to develop and land their spacecraft, the Lunar Lion on the Moon. The team is student run under the direction of Dr. Alexander Rattner, a mechanical engineering professor at Penn State's Multiscale Thermal Fluids and Energy.

The team, which is privately funded, secured its first $2.5 million, most of which was internal funding, to get the project started.

The team was formerly a competitor in the Google Lunar X Prize competition, but has since withdrawn.

Spacecraft
The Lunar Lion is the spacecraft currently being developed to reach the Moon. The craft is planned to be sent on a commercial launch vehicle which will send it into space and place it on a trajectory to the Moon. It is then expected to make a controlled descent to the lunar surface where it will transmit high-resolution photographic images and video to the mission operations center at Penn State. The craft will then take off and fly a short distance to a second landing site while streaming the event live.

Testing and Development

Phase 0
At the end of October 2013, the team successfully finished Phase 0, a series of tests that validated the rocket-testing procedure. The phase included the development of contingency plans, safety plans, and thorough rocket testing procedure. As part of this phase, full rocket firing was simulated and investigated. Test plans must meet the Environmental Health and Safety Standards.

Phase 1
Phase 1 included testing of combustible liquid fuel, a NASA-provided pencil thruster, and custom thrusters developed at Penn State.

Phase 2
The initial liquid bipropellant part of this phase was completed towards the end of summer 2014.  The team characterized and tested hydrogen peroxide monopropellant thrusters.  These were used on the first flight vehicle the team constructed, a prototype called Puma.  Each of the four 100 lbf engines  were characterized to generate a thrust profile which was used for Puma's flight testing.  Puma was developed for constrained vertical flight, with guide cables restricting motion to a single axis.  Static testing of Puma began during the summer of 2016, and a constrained flight test was conducted on October 22, 2016. Puma made its first flight to an altitude of 3.5 feet, soft landing under its own power.

See also 
Private spaceflight

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20150926024402/http://lunarlion.psu.edu/puma-2-0-takes-shape/

External links
Lunar Lion Homepage

Cancelled spacecraft
Private spaceflight companies
Engineering companies of the United States
Pennsylvania State University
2013 establishments in Pennsylvania