omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Howie machine gun carrier. The Howie machine gun carrier was a 1937 light U.S. Army scout and machine-gun vehicle prototype, created to prepare for World War II. 

The Howie (also called the Howie-Wiley and nicknamed the "belly flopper") never entered production. A single prototype was made of this early effort at military motorization, an initiative that contributed to the development of the highly successful World War II jeep.

The vehicle was ordered by General Walter C. Short, then Assistant Commandant of The Infantry School, U.S. Army at Fort Benning, Georgia; and built by Captain Robert G. Howie and Master Sergeant Melvin C. Wiley. It was completed in April 1937. Because the two-man crew lay prone, the vehicle was nicknamed the "belly flopper". The crew consisted of a driver and a gunner operating the .30 caliber machine gun.

The vehicle used a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, that has been mistaken for rear-engine, front-wheel drive, which would make it exceptionally rare. Howie and Wiley used an American Austin car as a basis for the vehicle, and obtained some needed parts from salvage. A tiller was used for steering.

The vehicle presented a low profile—which could be useful in reconnaissance work and combat—but it lacked four-wheel drive, and the low ground-clearance rendered it unsuitable for rough terrain. The Army invited representatives of automobile manufacturers to examine the Howie in 1940, but the reception was not favorable and the vehicle was not accepted for production. Barney Roos,  chief engineer of Willys Overland, examined it and later said "That belly flopper looked like nothing any automobile man had ever seen before, a cross between a kid's scooter and a diving board on wheels". 

The Howie is still in existence, at Fort Benning.

References 

Experimental military vehicles
United States Army vehicles
Military vehicles of the interwar period
Rear-engined vehicles
Hansa-Brandenburg W.23. The Hansa-Brandenburg W.23 was a German flying-boat fighter of World War I.

Design
The W.23 followed the design philosophy for all flying boat biplanes built by Hansa-Brandenburg, including a swept lower wing, wing floats, pusher engine arrangement, and a single-step hull. Although similar to design to the Hansa-Brandenburg W.18, it differed in having a longer fuselage. Three aircraft (MN 1647-1649) were delivered from June 1917 to January 1918, but flight characteristics were deemed poor.

Operators

Kaiserliche Marine (Marinefliegerkorps)

Specifications

See also

References

Bibliography

W.23
1910s German fighter aircraft
Flying boats
Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Vickers Hydravion. The Vickers Hydravion (No.14) was a British seaplane built by Vickers in the early 1910s.

Design
The Hydravion was a large seaplane of biplane configuration, which relied on the design philosophy of Henri Farman by utilizing a pusher engine and the tail being supported on outrigger booms. Only one seaplane version was built, and it crashed at Dartford during early tests.

A later version of the Hydravion, the Vickers No. 14B, would have had two  Gnome 9 Delta engines in tandem configuration buried in the fuselage, driving tractor propellers as well as a nose-mounted  semi-automatic cannon.

Specifications

References

Hydravion
1910s British experimental aircraft
Flying boats
Amphibious aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1912
KRC Motors. KRC Motors or more simply KRC is an Italian manufacturer of electric scooters, based in Marcianise.

Company
KRC (keep road clean) Motors was born in Marcianise, Caserta (Campania) from the younger generation of the Rampini family. 

The headquarters are in the industrial area of the city and here electric scooters are developed, assembled and tested in the company surface that measures over 15,000 meters.

Technology

The technology present on all vehicles includes air or liquid cooling, lithium batteries, brushless engines, produced by the company, with the possibility of rapid recharging (30 minutes) with a normal electrical outlet.

The scooters are equipped with various technologies concerning brakes, chassis, etc. The most important part however, in addition to the engine, is the battery pack which is composed of 24 solid 72Vdc cells.
The control units are dedicated to monitoring the battery pack, 

consequently to the balancing the performance and duration of the individual lithium cells.

See also
 Electric motor
 Electric vehicle

References

Scooter manufacturers
Italian brands
Companies based in Campania
Motorcycle manufacturers of Italy
Aero AT-1. The Aero AT-1, a.k.a. Antoniewski AT-1, is a two-seat, low wing, ultra-light sport aircraft, developed by Tomasz Antoniewski, manufactured in Poland by Aero AT in ready-to-fly certificated form and as a kitplane.

Design and development

Antoniewski designed the AT-1, using the Jodel D.9 Bébé as a starting point, for his diploma thesis at the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology.

Retaining most of the fuselage structure, the wings were replaced with shortened SZD-30 Pirat wings of  span. The  heavier wings required structural modifications to the fuselage and the adoption of undercarriage legs from a PZL-126 Mrówka, main landing gear wheels from the SZD-51 Junior and tail landing gear from the PZL-104 Wilga.

Construction began at Yalo in 1987 and by December 1989 the aircraft was almost ready, with only the engine covers missing, painting and other small parts required. The first short flights over Bemowo airport were carried out then. A proper, but still unofficial, flight was carried out in July 1990, but it was not until 9 December 1990 that the first AT-1 was officially flown by Maciej Aksler.

The AT-1 is a single-seat wooden low wing monoplane, with fabric and plywood skinning. Initially flown with an open cockpit a canopy was later installed. Controls are entirely conventional, including a small fin with large rudderand similar construction to the wings. The tailwheel undercarriage has single leaf main undercarriage legs.

Operational history

Initially used as intended, for recreational flying, the AT-1 was also used for banner-towing and forest fire-patrol from 1993 to 1996. The original AT-1 is currently stationed at the Pilski Aero Club.

Specifications

References

External links
 

Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
1990s Polish civil utility aircraft
AT-1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Greg Mortimer (ship). Greg Mortimer is a cruise ship operated by Aurora Expeditions. The ship was named in honour of the company's founder Greg Mortimer, in a combined naming and delivery ceremony at CMHI's Haimen base on 6 September 2019.

Design and description 
The ship one of seven Infinity-class vessels built by SunStone Ships. It is a  expedition ship with a state of the art x-bow design which has a piercing effect on smaller waves, making for a smoother ride. It has 80 cabins.

Construction and career 
The ship was named after the Australian mountaineer, polar explorer and founder of Aurora Expeditions, Greg Mortimer. Mortimer arguably became best known as one of the first two Australians (with Tim Macartney-Snape) to successfully climb Mount Everest, on 3 October 1984.

COVID-19 pandemic

On 7 April 2020, the cruise ship, which holds up to 216 passengers, became stranded in South American waters, asking for help after people exhibited symptoms such as fever, which prompted authorities to ban them from disembarking. Uruguay was the only country which allowed the cruise ship to dock, after Uruguayan medical teams boarded the cruise ship to test passengers on 1 April, 81 people tested positive for COVID-19. Six people found seriously ill with coronavirus were evacuated and transferred to a hospital in Montevideo.

The ship received permission to dock and Uruguayan authorities arranged an evacuation flight to Australia and New Zealand. By that time 128 persons on the vessel had tested positive for COVID-19. Six had transferred to a hospital in Montevideo. Passengers from Europe and America who had positive tests would not be allowed to travel to their home countries until their subsequent tests indicated negative results. On the night of 10 April some passengers were evacuated in order to fly to Australia. On 18 April, a 52-year-old Filipino crewman died of the coronavirus.

Repairs and substitution
In July 2023 the Greg Mortimer suffered propeller damage, and was placed in dry dock for repairs. While under repair, Aurora substituted a similar Infinity-class ship, the Ocean Explorer.

References

External links
Greg Mortimer at Faergelejet.dk
Greg Mortimer at SunStoneShips.com

Cruise ships involved in the COVID-19 pandemic
Cruise ships
Cruise ships of Australia
Ships built in China
2019 ships
2020 in Uruguay
Scikit-multiflow. scikit-mutliflow (also known as skmultiflow) is a free and open source software machine learning library for multi-output/multi-label and stream data written in Python.

Overview 
scikit-multiflow allows to easily design and run experiments and to extend existing stream learning algorithms. It features a collection of classification, regression, concept drift detection and anomaly detection algorithms. It also includes a set of data stream generators and evaluators. scikit-multiflow is designed to interoperate with Python's numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy and is compatible with Jupyter Notebooks.

Implementation 
The scikit-multiflow library is implemented under the open research principles and is currently distributed under the BSD 3-clause license. scikit-multiflow is mainly written in Python, and some core elements are written in Cython for performance. scikit-multiflow integrates with other Python libraries such as Matplotlib for plotting, scikit-learn for incremental learning methods compatible with the stream learning setting, Pandas for data manipulation, Numpy and SciPy.

Components 
The scikit-multiflow is composed of the following sub-packages:

 anomaly_detection: anomaly detection methods.
 data: data stream methods including methods for batch-to-stream conversion and generators.
 drift_detection: methods for concept drift detection.
 evaluation: evaluation methods for stream learning.
 lazy: methods in which generalisation of the training data is delayed until a query is received, i.e., neighbours-based methods such as kNN.
 meta: meta learning (also known as ensemble) methods.
 neural_networks: methods based on neural networks.
 prototype: prototype-based learning methods.
 rules: rule-based learning methods.
 transform: perform data transformations.
 trees: tree-based methods, e.g. Hoeffding trees which are a type of decision tree for data streams.

History 
scikit-multiflow started as a collaboration between researchers at Télécom Paris (Institut Polytechnique de Paris) and École Polytechnique. Development is currently carried by the University of Waikato, Télécom Paris,  École Polytechnique and the open research community.

See also 

 Massive Online Analysis (MOA)
 MEKA

References

External links 
 
 

Data mining and machine learning software
Free statistical software
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) scientific libraries
Dervish (rocket). Dervish was an unguided air-to-air and air-to-surface rocket developed by the Northrop Corporation for use by the United States Navy and United States Army during the early 1950s. Originally intended as an air-to-air rocket to replace the Mighty Mouse rocket, it was later expanded in role to also operate in an air-to-surface capacity. Spin-stabilized,  in diameter, and powered by a Thiokol TRX-126B solid fuel rocket, in 1958 development of Dervish was resumed as a solely Army project, but no production ever emerged.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Air-to-air rockets of the United States
Air-to-ground rockets of the United States
Cold War rockets of the United States
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
MIL-53. MIL-53 (MIL ⇒ Matériaux de l′Institut Lavoisier) belongs to the class of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. The first synthesis and the name was established by the group of Gérard Férey in 2002. The MIL-53 structure consists of inorganic [M-OH] chains, which are connected to four neighboring inorganic chains by therephthalate-based linker molecules. Each metal center is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms. Four of these oxygen atoms originate from four different carboxylate groups and the remaining two oxygen atoms belong to two different μ-OH moieties, which bridge neighboring metal centers. The resulting framework structure contains one-dimensional diamond-shaped pores. Many research group have investigated the flexibility of the MIL-53 structure. This flexible behavior, during which the pore cross-section changes reversibly, was termed 'breathing effect' and describes the ability of the MIL-53 framework to respond to external stimuli.

Structural Analogs

Monometallic single-linker MIL-53 analogs
MIL-53(Cr) was the first reported member of the MIL-53 family and is built up from Cr3+ as metal center and terephthalate (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) as linker molecules. Based on the toolbox-like design of metal-organic framework materials, different metal centers or linker molecules can be used for the synthesis of other members of the MIL-53 family. Trivalent (M3+) metal centers are mainly used, but materials with divalent (M2+) or tetravalent (M4+) metals have also been published. 

Terephthalate was used as linker molecules in the early reports on MIL-53 materials. Later, terephthalate-based linker molecules with additional functional groups were used for the synthesis of functionalized MIL-53 materials. Apart from the two carboxylate groups of terephthalate, which are used for the formation of the framework structure, the functional linker molecules contain one or more functional groups at the benzene ring, which do not participate in the formation of the framework.

Mixed-component MIL-53 analogs 
Apart from monometallic single-linker MIL-53 analogs, which contain one type of metal and one type of linker within the framework structure, several mixed-component MIL-53 analogs were reported. In mixed-metal MIL-53 materials, two different metals are incorporated into the framework structure at crystallographically equivalent lattice positions. Since both type of metals occupy equivalent positions, the metal ratio can usually be changed independent from the framework structure. Mixed-metal MIL-53 analogs have been synthesized mainly by direct synthesis procedures under hydrothermal or solvothermal conditions. 

Similar to mixed-metal MIL-53 materials, mixed-linker MIL-53 analogs have been reported, in which two different linker molecules are incorporated into the framework structure at crystallographically equivalent positions with different ratios. One benefit of using the mixed-linker concept is that the number of functional groups in the framework can be adjusted by using different linker ratios.

References 

Flexible metal-organic frameworks
Chromium(III) compounds
Taylor Chummy. The Taylor Chummy, originally the Arrowing Chummy is a light utility aircraft made by the Taylor Aircraft Company in the late 1920s. It was the fore-runner of the highly successful Piper Cub series.

Design and development
The Chummy was designed by brothers C. Gilbert Taylor and Gordon Taylor in 1928. It is a braced, parasol-wing monoplane with two seats side-by-side in an open cockpit. Power was supplied by a tractor-mounted radial engine. Fixed, tailskid undercarriage was fitted, initially with a through-axle, but later with divided main units. The name "Chummy" was chosen by Gilbert because of the side-by-side seating, an unusual feature in an era when tandem seating was the norm.

About nine examples were built, but the exact number is uncertain due to many records being lost in a 1937 factory fire. Additionally, some earlier Chummy models were rebuilt into later models.

Operational history
On April 24, 1928, Gordon Taylor crashed a Chummy at Ford Airport, Dearborn, Michigan. His passenger, Aaron Rosenbleet, was killed instantly, and Taylor died of his injuries shortly after reaching hospital. Gilbert witnessed the crash. The crash was attributed to the passenger's hand "freezing" on the control stick, and subsequent Chummys included a spring-loaded safety mechanism that allowed the pilot in command to override the other set of controls.

One of the C-2s built had a wing modified with a seven-degree, variable-incidence wing for entry into the Guggenheim Safe Airplane Competition. 

The Chummy was expensive and did not sell well, leading to the bankruptcy of the Taylor Brothers company in 1930.

Variants
 A-2 Chummy  initial version with 90-hp (67-kW) Anzani radial engine and through-axle main undercarriage.
 B-2 Chummy  refined version with 113-hp (83.4-kW) Ryan-Siemens Yankee 7 engine and divided main undercarriage.
 C-2 Chummy

Specifications (B-2)

References

Bibliography

 
 
 
 
 
 

Chummy
1920s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Parasol-wing aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Alison R. Fout. Alison R. Fout is an American inorganic chemist at the Texas A&M University where she holds the rank of professor. She has contributed to the discovery of new catalysts with NHC ligands.  She discovered a family of catalysts that reduce oxyanions such as nitrate, perchlorate to nitric oxide and chloride, respectively.

Recognition
As an independent investigator, she received the following recognition:
2017 Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award
2016–2021 U. S. Department of Energy Early Career Research Program
2015 Marion Milligan Mason Award for Women in the Chemical Sciences, AAAS
2015 Sloan Research Fellowship
2014 National Science Foundation CAREER Awards

She also was recognized from scientific journals. In 2016, she received recognition as New Talent Americas from Dalton Transactions. That same year, the American Chemical Society awarded her as an Emerging Investigator in Bioinorganic Chemistry. In 2019 she received the Thieme Chemistry Journals Award. In 2017 she presented the Dalton Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley.  At the 2018 Metals in Biology Gordon Conference, she received the Ed Stiefel Young Investigator Award.

References

1984 births
Living people
21st-century American chemists
21st-century American women scientists
American women chemists
American inorganic chemists
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Capsicum (Unix). Capsicum is an implementation of capability-based security for UNIX and similar systems. Presented at USENIX 2010, the system is part of FreeBSD since its 9.0 release. It has also been adapted to DragonflyBSD in the form of kernel patches.  Further technical details can be found in the Ph.D. thesis by Robert Watson.

The system works by chunking the normal permissions up into very small pieces. When a process enters capsicum mode, it loses all permissions normally associated with its controlling user, except "capabilities" it already has in the form of file descriptors. A process can also receive capabilities via Unix sockets. These file descriptors not only control access to the file system, but also to other devices like the network sockets. Flags are also used to control more fine-grained access like reads and writes.

CloudABI 
CloudABI is an application binary interface based on capsicum. It keeps the overall capsicum permission model, but uses it to redesign a simplified environment for processes (system calls, C library, etc.) to run on, so that programs become portable to any platform supporting the ABI on the same instruction set architecture. The interface it offers is roughly POSIX minus parts that do not work with capability-based security. , CloudABI is natively a part of FreeBSD, and it can be run on other systems either via a Capsicum-based patch or using a non-secure system call emulator.

As of October 2020, CloudABI has been deprecated in favor of WebAssembly System Interface for lack of interest.

References

External links 
 
 

Computer security models
Access control
Capability systems
Strunzite. Strunzite (Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)26H2O) is a light yellow mineral of the strunzite group, first discovered in 1957.

It crystallizes in the triclinic system and has a light, vitreous luster, a specific gravity of 2.52 and a Mohs hardness of 4. Associated minerals include beraunite, quartz and strengite.

It is named after Hugo Strunz, a Professor of Mineralogy at Technische Universität Berlin.

References

Manganese minerals
Iron(II,III) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Oxide minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2
Time Warp (pinball). Time Warp is a 4-player Solid State Electronic pinball machine from September 1979 produced by Williams. A total of 8,875 units were produced.

Description

The table features a variety of mythological and historical themes. The inclusion of Da Vinci's Vitruvian Man on the backglass may be the only depiction of male nudity from a pinball machine manufacturer. The artwork is by Constantino Michell, whose hidden signature can be found on the back of the glass, behind the glove of the time wizard.

It features electronic sound, with the background sound increasing in pitch and intensity as more points are accumulated, making it seem as though the machine is about to explode if the ball stays in play long enough. The pitch and intensity of sound return to normal at the commencement of a new ball.

Banana Flippers

It is notable for being only one of two pinball machines (Williams' 1978 Disco Fever being the other) to ever use curved "banana flipper bats, which made the ball easier to trap. Other notable features are the five pop bumpers which is unusual in a standard width game according to PinWiki.com. The 'Banana' (or curved) Flippers were standard on many but not all Time Warp units.  According to Barry Oursler, the game's designer, approximately the last 2000 of Time Warp's production came with normal flipper bats.

Marketing

According to TNT Amusements INC, this was the first time Williams Electronics, Inc. used color coordination advertising.

The Marketing slogan was "Where future and past collide, the action is unreal!" ...the profit time bomb.

In pop culture

The Time Warp machine is featured in the Carlo Verdone film Troppo forte. The "Time Warp" pinball machine is also seen in the 2000 American metafiction horror film Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 The Time Warp is also addressed in the comic book "Death Save" by Rune Ryberg

References

External links

1979 pinball machines
Williams pinball machines