omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Robotron KC 87. The Robotron KC 87, fully known as Kleincomputer robotron KC 87 (KC standing for Kleincomputer, lit. "small computer"), was an 8-bit microcomputer released in 1987 and produced in East Germany by VEB Robotron-Meßelektronik "Otto Schön" Dresden, part of Kombinat Robotron.

The first model in the series, the Robotron Z 9001, originally designed as a home computer and introduced in 1984, was renamed to Robotron KC 85/1 in 1985 to de-emphasize its use as consumer good. Despite similar names, the Robotron Kleincomputers were not directly related to the KC 85 mass-produced by VEB Mikroelektronik "Wilhelm Pieck" Mühlhausen.

The availability of the Robotron KC series for private customers was very limited. The computers were mostly used at educational institutions, organizations, and enterprises. Therefore, the extracurricular use of KC computers was often allowed for students at institutions and organizations.

Technical information
The Robotron KC series used an U880 microprocessor, a clone of the Zilog Z80, clocked at 2.5 MHz. Every machine came with a built-in keyboard, power supply and RF modulator. Software could be loaded from cassette tapes, which required a separate cassette deck. All models featured K 1520 bus slots for up to four expansion modules. They allowed expanding the hardware, such as upgrading the RAM, connecting a printer or displaying bitmapped graphics, but also included modules with application software and programming languages. The KC 87 had a KC-BASIC [de] interpreter in ROM. In earlier models, the user had to load BASIC from tape or use an expansion module. Sufficiently expanded models could even run SCP [de], an East German CP/M clone. Robotron also offered cassette tapes with applications and games.

Trivia 
Thomas Dohmke, who became CEO of GitHub in 2021, started coding on a Robotron KC 87.

See also 
 Robotron Z 1013 – A mostly compatible hobbyist kit, available even to private consumers via written order, waiting of one year and then self-pickup from factory outlet.
 RFT KC 85 – A series of mostly compatible microcomputers made by VEB Mikroelektronik.
 RFT KC compact – The only pre-assembled home computer made in the GDR aimed at private consumers; not compatible to any of the other KC systems.

References

External links

 robotron-net.de - The KCs from East Germany (English translation)
 robotrontechnik.de - KCs made in Dresden 
 foerderverein-tsd.de - History of home computers in GDR (English translation)
 jens-mueller.org - JKCEMU (English translation) - KC 87 emulator written in Java

Home computers
Computer-related introductions in 1984
1984 in East Germany
Goods manufactured in East Germany
Science and technology in East Germany
Computers designed in Germany
Comparison of cognitive architectures. The following table compares cognitive architectures.

See also
 List of artificial intelligence projects
 Comparison of deep-learning software

External links

 A Survey of Cognitive and Agent Architectures by the Artificial Intelligence Lab, University of Michigan
 A Framework for Comparing Agent Architectures by Aaron Sloman and Matthias Scheutz, Originally Published in Proceedings UKCI'02, UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence, September 2002, Birmingham, UK
 Feature-by-Feature Comparison of Cognitive Architectures  started on October 2009, updated for BICA-2010
 cogarch.org Cognitive Architecture Wiki
 Sigma Cognitive Architecture homepage and code repository

References

 
cognitive architectures
Nirmal Bose. Nirmal Bose (died November 23, 2009) was a professor in the Pennsylvania State University Electrical Engineering Department, from 1986 until his death.  Before joining the Penn State faculty, he taught at Syracuse University and the University of Pittsburgh.

Bose was a world-renowned expert in multidimensional signals and systems theory.  He investigated high resolution reconstructions of blurred and noisy images, and processing of noisy images.  Nirmal Bose has been internationally recognized for his scientific papers and books including Applied Multidimensional Systems Theory, and Digital Filters: Theory and Applications.  He coauthored the texts Multidimensional Systems: Progress, Directions and Open Problems, Neural Networks Fundamentals: with Graphs, Algorithms, and Applications, and Multidimensional Systems Theory and Applications.  Bose was the founding Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal on Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing and served as Associate Editor for The Journal of the Franklin Institute, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, and IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems.

Bose received his B. Tech (with honors) from IIT Kharagpur, M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from Syracuse University, all in electrical engineering.  Nirmal Bose was elected to be a Fellow of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1981 for his contributions to multidimensional systems theory and circuits and systems education.

Upon his death, the head of the Penn State electrical engineering department wrote, "Dr. Bose was a world renowned expert in the field of multidimensional signals and systems who brought great international visibility and prestige to our department."

Bose served as a visiting faculty at the American University of Beirut at Lebanon, University of Maryland at College Park, University of California at Berkeley, Princeton University and Ruhr University at Bochum. From 1994 to 1995 he served as a United Nations Development Program advisor to the Government of India.  He received the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Research Award and the IEEE Third Millennium Merit Medal in 2000.  Bose was named the Fetter Endowment University Fellow from 2001–2004, and later the HRB Systems Professor in signal processing.

References

American electrical engineers
Syracuse University faculty
Pennsylvania State University faculty
2009 deaths
Year of birth missing
Electronic apex locator. An electronic apex locator  is an electronic device used in endodontics to determine the position of the apical constriction and thus determine the length of the root canal space. The apex of the root has a specific resistance to electrical current, and this is measured using a pair of electrodes typically hooked into the lip and attached to an endodontic file.
The electronic principle is relatively simple and is based on electrical resistance; when a circuit is complete (tissue is contacted by the tip of the file), resistance decreases markedly and current suddenly begins to flow. Various devices signal this event by a beep, a buzz, a flashing light, digital readouts, or a pointer on a dial.

History and uses
The original electronic apex locators operated on the direct current principle. A problem with these devices was that conductive fluids such as hemorrhage, exudate, or irrigant in the canal would permit current flow and therefore a false reading. Newer devices are impedance-based, using alternating current of two frequencies;these measure and compare two electrical impedances that change as the file moves apically. The benefit is that these devices are much less affected by fluid
conductive media in the canal. The impedance type apex locators have been demonstrated to be 80 to 95% accurate in identifying the apical foramen. Therefore after obtaining a reading, 1 to 2 mm is subtracted as the corrected working length.

Electronic apex locators have been shown to be more accurate than radiography when determining the position of the apical foramen. All apex locators have two electrodes, one is connected to an endodontic instrument, the other is connected to the patient's body (on the lip or an electrode in his hand). The electrical circuit is completed, when the instrument is introduced into the root canal in an apical direction, and touches the periodontal tissues.

Adaptive Apex Locators 
Adaptive Apex Locator overcomes as the disadvantages of the popular 4th generation apex locators – low accuracy on working in wet canals, as well the disadvantages of devices from previous generations. Though, fifth generation locators can experience difficulty when working in dry canals and require additional wetting. 
Adaptive Apex Locator continuously defines humidity of the canal and immediately adapts for dry or wet canal. On this way is possible to be measured as in dry and in additional wetted canals as well, canals with blood or exudates, canals with still not-extirpated pulp.

See also
 Apex location

References

External links

 The use of apex locators in the diagnosis of perforations, Dr. Yosef Nahmias, Endodontic Magazine

Dental equipment
Dentistry
Amy Ashurst Gooch. Amy Ashurst Gooch is an American computer scientist known for her contributions in non-photorealistic rendering. She is currently the Chief Operations Officer at ViSOAR LLC, a data visualization research spin-off software company from the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute. She is also an adjunct professor of computer science at Texas A&M University. Her current research is part of an interdisciplinary effort involving computer graphics, perceptual psychology, and computational vision. She is interested in better understanding the spatial information potentially available in CG imagery, determining what spatial cues are actually used when CG imagery is viewed, and using this information to create improved rendering algorithms and visualizations.

Biography
Gooch earned her BS in Computer Engineering in 1996 and her MS in Computer Science in 1998 from the University of Utah. While working on her master's degree, she explored interactive non-photorealistic technical illustration as a new rendering paradigm and developed Gooch shading, which she presented at the 1998 SIGGRAPH conference. Following her masters, she worked at the University of Utah as a research scientist for five years. During this time, she co-taught a course at the 1999 SIGGRAPH conference on non-photorealistic rendering and co-authored the first textbook in the field, Non-Photorealistic Rendering, with her husband Bruce Gooch. In 2004, she began her PhD in computer science at Northwestern University and graduated in 2006. Following her PhD, she joined the faculty at the University of Victoria in British Columbia as an assistant professor of computer science. In 2013, she joined the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute to help develop the ViSUS software core into a product. In 2014, she became an adjunct professor of computer science at Texas A&M University.

Works
 Bruce Gooch, Amy Ashurst Gooch, Non-Photorealistic Rendering,  AK Peters, July 2001,

See also
Gooch shading
Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute

References

Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Living people
University of Utah alumni
Computer graphics researchers
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Northwestern University alumni
Texas A&M University faculty
American women academics
21st-century American women
Trek-80 (1979 video game). Trek-80 is a computer game developed by Judges Guild in 1979 for the TRS-80.

Plot
Trek-80 is a game in which the player must destroy all the Klingon ships within a time limit and cannot lose more than five supply tugs. The player uses the warp drive to move the ship for galactic travel, and impulse drive for moving through the inner quadrant. The Enterprise and Klingon vessels are armed with phasers and photon torpedoes, but the supply tugs only have phasers. The Enterprise is also able to use a ram for an attack.

Gameplay

The screen displays an 8 × 8 square quadrant grid laid out over the galaxy as found in Trek games. The Enterprise is represented using the letter "E", and likewise Klingons use a "K", and the supply tugs use an upward pointing arrow. The on-screen display also shows the stardate, the condition of the ship, quadrant information, the energy of the ship, nearby bases, torpedoes left, and number of tugs destroyed.

Development
As part of their intention to compete with TSR, Judges Guild increased the production on their print products, and also moved into producing computer games, although Trek-80 (1979) the only such game Judged Guild released.

Trek-80 was a 16K program written in BASIC by Bruce Berry, and was the first computer game produced by a wargaming company that specializes in science-fiction and fantasy. Barry used concepts drawn from Trek games that were available at the time, and innovated on them further.

Reception
The game was reviewed in 1980 in The Dragon #36 by Michael Dodge. Dodge concluded the review with, "Trek-80 is a well written program and a good Star Trek game. The program's graphics are well laid out and easy to read, the mechanics are adequate, and the introductions of ramming and tugs are excellent features".

References

1979 video games
Judges Guild publications
TRS-80 games
TRS-80-only games
Video games based on Star Trek
Video games developed in the United States
Coconinoite. Coconinoite is a uranium ore that was discovered in Coconino County, Arizona. It is a phosphate mineral; or uranyl phosphate mineral along with other subclass uranium U6+ minerals like blatonite, boltwoodite, metazeunerite and rutherfordine.

Composition
The chemical formula is Fe2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2·20H2O.
The chemical formula was derived from the spectrographic analysis.

Physical properties
The mineral has a white streak and a pale creamy yellow color. The mineral occurs as microscopic crystals, the largest found is 6 by 20 micrometers. It is a radioactive mineral, but not fluorescent. Upon heating for dehydration it is found that the mineral loses some of its SO2 at 600 to 800 °C.

Geologic occurrence

It occurs in the oxidized zone of vanadium-poor Colorado Plateau-type uranium deposits of Utah and Arizona. It occurs in association with gypsum, jarosite, limonite, quartz, clay minerals and coalized wood at the Jomac mine,
Utah.

Coconinite was first described in 1966 for occurrences in the Huskon Mines, Cameron, Cameron District and the Sun Valley Mine, Vermillion Cliffs District, Coconino County, Arizona. It was named for Coconino County.

References

Iron(III) minerals
Aluminium minerals
Uranium(VI) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15
SIOS Technology Corp.. SIOS Technology Corp. is a San Mateo, Californiabased company focused on IT operations analytics ITOA, cloud computing, business continuity and disaster recovery for large enterprises. It is based in Tokyo, Japan, and primarily assists large enterprises in adopting open, cloud computing technology.

History
SIOS Technology Inc. was founded in May 1997 in Japan and has led the development of open source software and Web application software. Given its open source software experience, the company pushed for the early adoption of Linux products in Japan. SIOS Technology Inc. provides SAN and SAN Less software products that protect applications from downtime and data loss in any combination of physical, virtual, and cloud.  

Steeleye Technology was founded in December 1999 by Jim Fitzgerald, Sue Ellery and Jim Mason. The company acquired the LifeKeeper high-availability clustering software from NCR Corporation that year, and began targeting the fledgling Linux server community with the product in January 2000.

AT&T’s Bell Labs created the LifeKeeper platform in the mid-1990s for high-availability of AT&T's Star Unix servers that operated the telecom company's phone switching technology. NCR took control of the LifeKeeper portfolio when AT&T spun off the company in 1997.

The business focuses on software products that provide high availability and disaster protection for business critical applications.

In 2003, the company introduced Life Keeper for Windows 2003. In 2008, the company announced Data Keeper data replication. The company expanded its presence into virtual environments with the introduction of business continuity for VMware in 2007 Citrix and Microsoft's Hyper-V in 2008.

In 2015, SIOS introduced a machine-learning based IT operations analytics platform for VMware environments.

SIOS iQ was recognized at the 2017 VMworld trade show. SIOS iQ was also named a silver winner in Most Innovative Product, Enterprise Category  in Best in Biz Awards, 2016, the only independent business awards program judged by members of the press and industry analysts.

On December 5, 2017, SIOS partnered with VSTECS Holdings Ltd. a technology product and supply chain services platform in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. The partnership enables VSTECs to provide comprehensive professional services and SAN less high availability clustering software to AWS customers throughout APAC.

See also
Virtual machine
Disaster recovery
IT operations analytics

References

External links
 Clustering For Mere Mortals Blog
 Google Finance on SIOS
 US SIOS Website
 SIOS APAC multi-language portal
 Linux Clustering Blogs

Software companies based in California
Software companies established in 1997
Software companies of the United States
Earnscliffe Woolen-Paragon Worsted Company Mill Complex. The Earnscliffe Woolen-Paragon Worsted Company Mill Complex (M&F Worsted; Artcraft Braid; Cathedral Art Metal Co.) is a historic mill at 25 and 39 Manton Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island.  It consists of a grouping of eleven industrial buildings on  in the Olneyville neighborhood of Providence, on the banks of the Woonasquatucket River.  The buildings were built between 1898 and about 1939.  Building 1, the oldest building, began in 1898 as a two-story rectangular brick structure with a three-story tower and a monitor roof, but was expanded over the years, obscuring both the tower and the monitor.  The complex was begun by the Earnscliff Woolen Company, which failed in 1909.  The Paragon Worsted Company purchased the property, and operated on the premises until 1960, when the company closed the mill.

The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island
Textile mills in Rhode Island
Rainpower. Rainpower AS is a Norwegian company which develops, designs, manufactures and sells equipment for hydropower electricity generation. The company provides Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, as well as pump turbines, small hydropower plants, turbine governor, oil pressure systems, valve controllers, exciters, valves, gates, pipes, and other products and services related to the hydropower equipment industry.

History
The company dates back to 1853 when Kvaerner Brug AS was established by Mr. Oluf A. Onsum. Later, forces were joined with Sørumsand Verksted. Kværner expanded rapidly, having acquired the hydraulic businesses of several other companies, such as NOHAB, KMW, Tampella, among others.

In 1999, General Electric Company acquired Kvaerner's hydropower business for $70.5m, and merged it with its own hydro division under the name GE Hydro. In 2005, GE Hydro, with the goal of divesting from the hydropower industry, sold its Sørumsand workshop to NLI AS; two years later, this same company bought the complete Norwegian hydro business from GE, and established the new company Rainpower ASA. The remaining business of GE Hydro was later sold to Andritz. As of 2012, Rainpower ASA is 100% owned by Børre Nordheim-Larsen through his two companies NLI Utvikling III AS (62%) and NLI AS (39%).

Operations
Rainpower is headquartered at Kjeller, near Oslo. Rainpower provides equipment for generating electricity based on hydropower. Its turbines consist of Francis turbines, reversible pump turbines, Pelton turbines, and Kaplan turbines.

References

 

Engine manufacturers of Norway
Companies based in Lillestrøm
Hydropower
Kværner
Manufacturing companies established in 2007
Norwegian brands
Norwegian companies established in 2007
Water turbine manufacturers
Evolutionary developmental robotics. Evolutionary developmental robotics (evo-devo-robo for short) refers to methodologies that systematically integrate evolutionary robotics, epigenetic robotics and morphogenetic robotics to study the evolution, physical and mental development and learning of natural intelligent systems in robotic systems. The field was formally suggested and fully discussed in a published paper and further discussed in a published dialogue.

The theoretical foundation of evo-devo-robo includes evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), evolutionary developmental psychology, developmental cognitive neuroscience etc. Further discussions on evolution, development and learning in robotics and design can be found in a number of papers, including papers on hardware systems and computing tissues.

See also 
Artificial life
Cognitive robotics
Morphogenetic robotics
Developmental robotics
Evolutionary robotics

References 

Artificial intelligence
Robotics
Frederick Furkert. Frederick William Furkert  (14 October 1876 – 26 September 1949) was a New Zealand engineer. He joined the Public Works Department (PWD) in 1894, and was engineer-in-chief of the PWD for twelve years from 1920 until he retired in 1933.

Furkert was born in Ross, Westland in 1876. The projects he was responsible for included the New Zealand Railways Department the North Island Main Trunk Railway (completed 1908), the Otira Tunnel (completed 1923) and the Tawa Flat deviation (completed 1935). He was also responsible for hydroelectric dam projects like the Waitaki Dam (completed 1935).

He worked with the Standards Institute on the draughting of building bylaws. In the 1926 New Year Honours, Furkert was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. He was a Wellington City Councillor when he died. He died in Wellington on 26 September 1949.

References

1876 births
1949 deaths
Wellington City Councillors
Wellington Hospital Board members
People from the West Coast Region
New Zealand Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
19th-century New Zealand engineers
20th-century New Zealand engineers
New Zealand people in rail transport
19th-century New Zealand public servants
20th-century New Zealand public servants
Tom Lollar. Tom Lollar is an American ceramist.  He attended Western Michigan University and earned his B.F.A. in Sculpture and Ceramics in 1973 and his M.A. in Ceramics and Art History in 1979.

Tom Lollar hand builds clay murals which depict architectural and geographical themes. Subjects include landmarks in both frontal bas-relief and aerial views. The unique surface color results from applying copper, bronze and platinum metallic paints and glazes. Each rectangular clay construction is approximately  and may be placed in combinations of unlimited numbers suitable to wall size.

Tom Lollar is currently the head of the Ceramics and Sculpture Department at Columbia University.

Since 1988, he has been the Director of Visual Arts at the Lincoln Center.

He is a trustee of the International Print Center New York.

He began teaching ceramics and sculpture in 1975 and is currently on the faculty of Teachers College, Columbia University.  He previously taught at Parsons School of Design in New York City.

Featured exhibitions
Tiffany & Co. NY 
Columbia University
Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
Museum of Arts & Design
The Karlin Collection in Boston
American Craft Museum
Tokyo's Century Plaza Hotel 
Cleveland University-College of Urban Affairs 
Cleveland State University

Awards
Visiting scholar at the American Academy in Rome
Fellowship at the Salzburg Seminar
Fellowship at Jugendstil Design in Austria
Waldo-Sangren Award for Contemporary Ceramics in England.

References

21st-century American ceramists
20th-century American ceramists
Sculptors from Michigan
Western Michigan University alumni
Living people
1951 births
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty