omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Andy H. Tsou. Andy Haishung Tsou is a retired ExxonMobil materials scientist known for developing synchrotron X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy techniques for polymer research, applying the techniques in service of development and commercialization of new polyolefin materials.

Education 

Tsou received the B.S. in Chemical Engineering from National Taiwan University in 1979.  He earned the M.S.Chem.Eng. from Penn State University in 1983, and the Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1987 under Nicholas A. Peppas. Tsou distinguished himself by setting a record for completing the fastest PhD in the history of the lab.  He completed his doctorate in 2 years, 8 months. In 1997, Tsou completed a 2-year industrial fellowship at the University of Minnesota's CIE (center of interfacial engineering).  In 2016, he spent a sabbatical at the Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal.

Career 

Tsou began his professional career in 1983 as a photoresist engineer at Signetics.  In 1987, he joined the Eastman Kodak Company as a group leader.  He joined ExxonMobil Chemical company in 1998 serving at first as a project leader, then section head and finally as a senior research associate.  Andy served as a thesis advisor at the Chemistry Department of Stony Brook University from 2007 to 2013, overseeing the graduation of 7 PhDs. Tsou retired from ExxonMobil in 2018.  Following his retirement, Tsou joined Daxin Materials Corporation for 2 years. He is currently an adjunct professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology and at National Taiwan University, where he teaches on Polyolefin Science and Technology.

He was previously an associate editor of the journal Rubber Chemistry and Technology. He served on the University of Akron's Advancement Council, at the request of the dean of the college of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering.

Tsou's most cited works treated the subject of shear flow induced crystallization of polypropylene using x-ray scattering, and his work with atomic force microscopy. Tsou's microscopy work has been featured by commercial AFM manufacturers. He was a co-Principal Investigator on NSF-funded work on additives for novel polymer morphology and performance at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Patents

Tsou is a prolific inventor with more than 100 patents. His inventions include low permeability nanocomposites, functionalized elastomer nanocomposites, and oriented thermoplastic vulcanizates

Awards and recognition

 2000 - Frank Giblin Memorial Award in Polymer Analysis from Society of Plastics Engineers
 2004 - Sparks–Thomas award from the ACS Rubber Division
 2015 - (with Benjamin Hsiao) Cooperative Research Award in Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering Division of the American Chemical Society

References 

Polymer scientists and engineers
ExxonMobil people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American chemists
21st-century American chemists
H2Omx. H2Omx is a 2013 Mexican documentary film directed by José Cohen (in his directorial debut) and Lorenzo Hagerman. Based on a script written by Olga Caceres, Adán Lerma, Alejandra Liceaga & Ylva Mossing. It tells of the shortage, waste, and serious water pollution problems in Mexico City.

Synopsis 
Can a region of 22 million inhabitants make its water management sustainable? Based on a case study from the Valley of Mexico, the film inquires into the problem of water pollution in Mexico, and that despite the fact that Mexico City was founded on a lake, outside help is needed to fill it.

Release 
H2Omx had its international premiere in October 2013 at the 11th Morelia International Film Festival. It was commercially released on August 28, 2014, in Mexican theaters.

Reception

Critical reception 
Alisa Simon from Variety wrote : "A rallying cry for government and collective action, H2Omx is a good-looking, well-researched and smartly assembled documentary that makes a persuasive case that the time is nigh to remedy the status of water management in the Valley of Mexico." Josue Corro from Time Out México wrote: "H2Omx does not try to find solutions, but to raise awareness about the future. The honest way of dealing with a problem –without political charges, or sensationalism– places this documentary as a work that goes beyond the genetics of school or television documentaries, and projects it as an informative and relevant film on the history of Mexico City."

Accolades

References

External links 

 

2013 films
2013 documentary films
Mexican documentary films
2010s Spanish-language films
2010s Mexican films
Films set in Mexico
Films shot in Mexico
2013 directorial debut films
Best Documentary Ariel Award winners
Tatiana Wedenison. Tatiana Wedenison (born 1864) was the first woman in Italy to attempt earning an engineering degree, the first to enrol at the Polytechnic University of Milan (), and one of the first modern Italian women to earn a university degree.

Life and career

Wedenison was born in Milan in 1864. Her father was a shopkeeper.

She enrolled at the Politecnico di Milano in 1888, and later transferred to the Università di Pavia, from which she graduated with a degree in natural sciences () in 1893 or 1894.

Her accomplishment is significant in that by 1900, there were still only 250 female university students in the whole of Italy. She was followed by Emma Strada, who in 1908 became the first woman to obtain a civil engineering degree from the Polytechnic University of Turin, and Gaetanina Calvi, who in 1913 became the first female engineering graduate of the Polytechnic University of Milan.

See also
List of women who obtained doctoral degrees before 1800

References

1864 births
Year of death missing
Polytechnic University of Milan alumni
University of Pavia alumni
Italian women academics
Academics from Milan
Women's firsts
Zinno Olympian ZB-1. The Olympian ZB-1 was the first human-powered aircraft to have flown in the United States. It was designed, built, and flown by Joseph A. Zinno, of North Providence, Rhode Island. Zinno had previously been a USAF Lieutenant Colonel, and undertook the challenge of making a human-powered aircraft as a post-retirement project.

Design and development
Design work began in January 1972 with construction, said to have involved 7,000 hours, commencing in March 1973.

The aircraft was a mid-wing monoplane, with a pod and boom configuration. The fuselage's primary structure was made from light alloy tubing, whereas the wing's had a box-spar made from wood and plywood.  The secondary structure was made using aluminum, wood, ply, foam and plastics. The entire aircraft was covered in a transparent plastic film. The wing had a complex planform, consisting of four separate sections, of varying tapers and chords. A high camber Wortmann airfoil, the FX72-150, was used inboard near the wing-root while, further outboard, the more efficient Wortmann FX63-137 section was selected. Zinno stated this was "to compensate for the hellatious diving moment".

The pilot sat in a recumbent position, and operated a reciprocating pedal drive system, to power a two bladed variable-pitch pusher propeller, located at the rear of the streamlined nacelle. A boom at the base of the nacelle extended to the empennage at the rear.  Directional control was by a fin-mounted counter-balanced rudder. Pitch control was by an all-flying tail-plane fitted to the trailing edge of the tailfin.  Lateral control was attained by wingtip ailerons. The undercarriage consisted of two bicycle wheels arranged in tandem, while two small wheels, on outriggers, were positioned underneath the wing.

Flight tests
On January 16, 1976, the FAA gave the aircraft an Airworthiness Certificate with the registration NIZB. Flight tests were conducted at the Quonset Point Air National Guard Station in Rhode Island, with Zinno acting as pilot. A series of taxiing trials began on April 15. On the morning of April 21, during its fourth run of the day, the Olympian flew for 5 seconds. The distance covered was variously reported to have been between 33 and 100 feet (10 and 30 meters). During landing, the aircraft suffered a ground loop, which damaged the undercarriage and other components.

Further tests were conducted in September 1976, with the aircraft making towed flights. On its final flight, the right wing suffered a structural failure of the wing-spar, at its root, damaging the aircraft beyond repair.

Specifications

See also

References

Human-powered aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
1970s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1976
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Manila Waterfront City. Manila Waterfront City is an under-construction land reclamation that is envisioned to be the financial center of the Manila, Philippines. At 318 hectares, it is the second largest land reclamation project in the city after Horizon Manila. It is a joint-venture between the Manila City Government and Waterfront Manila Premier Development Inc. (WMPDI).

Background

Manila Waterfront City will contain a central business district (CBD), a marina, as well as health, education and entertainment hubs.

History

Approval and construction
In March 2021, the project gained the approval of the Philippine Competition Commission (PCC), the first reclamation project to be approved by PCC. On August 18, 2022, the Philippine Reclamation Authority granted the request of WMPDI to start its reclamation works. On February 22, 2023, National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) released an advisory about the start of sand piling works from February 21, 2023 to August 19, 2023, thereby officially starting the MWC's land reclamation works.

Opposition from the US Embassy

The US Embassy in Manila has opposed the project as it would eventually surround the embassy compound, citing reasons such as worsening the flooding around the embassy and the detrimental effects to American interests and reputation of the China-backed project.

References

See also
 Land reclamation in Metro Manila
 Bay City
 Horizon Manila
 Manila Solar City
 Navotas Boulevard Business Park

External link
 Manila Waterfront City Development Project (Reclamation of 318 Hectare Land) – Public-Private Partnership Center

Land reclamation in the Philippines
Manila Bay
Planned communities in the Philippines
Active circulator. In electrical engineering, an active circulator is an active non-reciprocal three-port device that couples a microwave or radio-frequency signal only to an adjacent port in the direction of circulation. Other (external) circuitry connects to the circulator ports via transmission lines. An ideal three-port active circulator has the following scattering matrix:

An active circulator can be constructed using one of several different technologies.  One early technology is the use of transistors as the active devices to perform the non-reciprocal function. Varactor circuits are another technology, relying on a time-varying transmission line structure, driven by a separate pump signal. A third technology utilizes spatiotemporally-modulated rings of coupled resonators. Another design approach relies on staggered commutation and integrated circuit techniques.

Compared to passive (ferrite) circulators, active circulators have the advantages of small size, low mass, and simple integration with other circuitry.  System designers must weigh these factors with the disadvantages of active circulators: they require DC power and sometimes a separate pump or clock signal, they can be nonlinear, and can introduce significant noise into the signal path.

References 

Electrical components
OS/4. OS/4 is a discontinued operating system, introduced in 1972, from UNIVAC for their 9400, 9480, and 9700 computer systems. It is an enhanced version of UNIVAC's 9400 Disc Operating System. OS/4 is a disc-resident system requiring 64 KB of main memory, two disc drives, a punched-card reader and a printer. The resident memory footprint is approximately 24 KB.

UNIVAC intended to replace OS/4 with a new system known as OS/7; however, OS/7 development was discontinued in 1975 when the 9700 was made part of the new UNIVAC Series 90 line as the 90/70.

REferences

Discontinued operating systems
UNIVAC mainframe computers
Sila Nanotechnologies. Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. is an American battery manufacturer that produces lithium–silicon batteries using nanoengineered silicon particles. The company creates battery materials to replace traditional graphite anodes with a silicon-dominant composite material to increase energy density. The company is based in California.

History 
It was founded by Gleb Yushin, Alex Jacobs, and Gene Berdichevsky in 2011. 

In 2022, Sila announced it would supply powder to its lead investor Mercedes Benz. In April 2023, the company announced the availability of Titan Silicon, its first anode product. In December 2023, Sila announced it would supply Titan Silicon to Panasonic. It raised $375 million to help finish its factory in Moses Lake, Washington.

Products

Titan Silicon 
Titan Silicon is an anode technology that promises range increases of 20% that charge 10-80% in as little as 20 minutes. The powder can replace 50-100% of the graphite in conventional anodes. It is 20% of the weight of graphite, and requires 50% less space.

Applications 
The company's batteries are used in the WHOOP 4.0 fitness tracker.

Daimler Benz announced its intention to use Titan Silicon anodes in its Mercedes-Benz G-Class vehicle. Panasonic intends to use it in its batteries.

References 

American companies established in 2011
Battery manufacturers

External links 

 Official website
Standseilbahn Linth-Limmern. The Standseilbahn Linth-Limmern is a funicular railway at the Linth-Limmern pumped storage plant in the Canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Built in 2013 for a transport capacity of , the funicular moved the four transformers of the hydroelectric plant from Tierfehd at an elevation of  to the machinery cavern of the Limmern plant at . This made it the highest-capacity funicular. The  line, passing through a tunnel, has an elevation difference of  and an incline of 24 per cent. The single track has a passing loop for the descending car.

Since the completion of the plant's expansion, the funicular is used by the staff of and visitors to the hydroelectric plant. It is owned by Kraftwerke Linth-Limmern AG (KLL), a joint venture of Axpo (85%) and the Canton of Glarus (15%).

The lower station is accessed through a short tunnel from Tierfehd, near the aerial cableways to Kalktrittli and Baumgartenalp: .

The upper station is in the machinery cavern near the dam of Limmernsee; . In proximity, another underground funicular leads from Kavernenzentrale Muttsee at 1870 m to Muttenkopf at 2393 m, near Muttsee.

The funicular was built by Garaventa. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) with a diameter of  was used to excavate the tunnel.

References

Further reading 
 
 

1800 mm gauge railways in Switzerland
Reservoir construction railways
Linth-Limmern
Transport in the canton of Glarus
Railway lines opened in 2013
Industrial railways
Subterranean funiculars
Railway tunnels in Switzerland
Clusteroid. A clusteroid is a method of producing 3D cell cultures that was first developed in 2019. Clusteroids are grown as not true spheroids but as dense clusters of cells in an aqueous two-phase system of water-in-water Pickering emulsion. The cells are incapsulated by mixing two aqueous solutions containing the incompatible polymers: Polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution as a continuous phase and dextran solution (DEX) as a dispersed phase, using whey protein as a stabiliser. Clusteoids as an in vitro model are more accurate to the complexities of in vivo, and aren't as susceptible to some of the problems 2D cultures present, for example; A large problem in culturing cells as a 2D monolayer is confluence as most cell lines used in research tend to decline in growth and health above 80% due to competition between cells for nutrients and oxygen in their growth media.  A unique problem in non-vascularised clusteroids is necrotic core formation; as nutrients and oxygen cannot diffuse into the centre of the clusteroid without other cells taking it up, the cells within become starved and subsequently die. This necrotic core formation is similar to that of poorly-vascularised solid tumours.

Co-culture clusteroids are clusteroids that are composed of multiple different cell lines or types.

Method of Creation 
The DEX phase containing cells and the PEO phase containing whey protein particles is emulsified, encapsulating the cells in a DEX-PEO water-in-water emulsion template stabilized by whey protein particles. Additional PEO is then added to efflux the water from the DEX phase, causing osmotic shrinking of the cell-rich dextran droplets. The interfacial tension between the two phases packs the cells into tissue clusteroids. The emulsion is then broken by dilution with culture media and the gelling agent sodium alginate and a calcium chloride solution is then added to form a hydrogel. The clusteroids are then incubated in the gel for up to 7 days to form tissues or organoids. Finally the gel is reverted by into liquid form by alginate lyase.

Use in Research 

Co-culture clusteroids have been used in research into angiogenesis; vascularised clusteroids do not develop necrotic core formation as vessels created allow for perfusion of nutrients and oxygen into the centre of the clusteroid to occur, preventing cell death. Angiogenesis is initiated by pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is either exogenous or secreted by cells within the clusteroid, depending on the cells cultured. Clusteroids demonstrate tube and vessel formation in vitro. Use of Co-culture clusteroids as opposed to culturing separately leads to increased expression of angiogenesis-related genes demonstrating an impact of heterogeneity on cancer

References 

Cell culture techniques
2019 beginnings
3-inch M1917. The 3-inch M1917 anti-aircraft gun was an American anti-aircraft gun which served from 1915 to 1917 in the U.S. Military.

History 
The 3-inch M1917 anti-aircraft gun was the first United States Army dedicated anti-aircraft gun, being in service throughout World War I and early World War II. It was only deployed in limited quantities on fixed mounts. It was soon supplemented by a newer mobile model, the 3-inch M1918 anti-aircraft gun. Very few were manufactured, the total being of 116 as of April 1919. It was mostly used limitedly, leading up into its timely retirement. Production started in 1915 and ended in 1919 after World War I. It was based on the 3-inch M1903 seacoast gun, and equipped with a coastal-defense gun barrel on a high elevations. A majority of the completed guns were deployed with the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps (CAC) at seacoast forts during and after World War I. It remained in military service through early World War II, during or after which it was officially retired from service. The gun type had lasted 25+ years and more of military usage, specifically through two World Wars.

References 

World War I anti-aircraft guns
World War I artillery of the United States
Anti-aircraft guns of the United States
MIT BURD. The BURD was a two-place human-powered biplane, designed and built by graduates and undergraduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with Professors Eugene Covert and James Mar acting as project advisers. It was developed with the specific goal of winning the £50,000 Kremer prize then on offer. 

BURD is an acronym for "Biplane Ultralight Research Device", reflecting the aircraft's configuration. The project was notable for it involving computational analysis as well as wind-tunnel tests of a scale model. The two-person option was adopted, as that allowed for a better power-to-weight ratio. The canard configuration was selected due that giving a beneficial increase in lift. The biplane configuration, fitted with endplates, was adopted due to the aerodynamic and structural benefits from using that arrangement.  

The primary structure for the fuselage was made from aluminum tubing, while the primary structure for the flying surfaces were box-beam spars made from sheet balsa. The secondary structure was made primarily from balsa, with aluminum tubing and sheets used in high-stress areas. The entire airframe was covered in transparent film.  The undercarriage consisted of two bicycle wheels, arranged in tandem.  As originally built, the front wheel was fixed, and not able to be steered. The two-person crew sat in a tandem arrangement, and powered a chain drive which connected to both the rear undercarriage wheel and the rear-mounted pusher propeller. Pitch control was to be achieved by pivoting the foreplane in its entirety. Lateral and directional control was to be attained by spoilers mounted on the lower wing, with the spoilers producing a yawing force in the direction of the turn that the aircraft was being banked towards. In addition, a vertical fin was located above the upper wing. 

The BURD was completed in May 1973.  Taxiing tests conducted at Hanscom Field airport in Bedford, Massachusetts, revealed significant design and construction issues. Alterations were made to the undercarriage, the drive system, and to the controls for both the foreplane and the spoilers. In 1975, the first flight attempt took place, but ended with an almost complete structural collapse of the aircraft.  

In 1976, a new iteration of the design, named the MIT BURD II, was built, with this craft incorporating a number of detail changes from the original.

Specifications

See also

References

1970s United States experimental aircraft
Aircraft with fixed bicycle landing gear
Biplanes
Biplanes with negative stagger
Canard aircraft
Human-powered aircraft
MIT aircraft
Pusher aircraft
Twin-engined single-prop pusher aircraft
Unflown aircraft