omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer. The airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) is the second in a series of imaging spectrometer instruments developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for Earth remote sensing. This instrument uses scanning optics and four spectrometers to image a 614-pixel swath simultaneously in 224 adjacent spectral bands.

Objective
The main objective of the AVIRIS project is to identify, measure, and monitor constituents of the Earth's surface/ atmosphere based on molecular absorption and particle scattering signatures. Research with AVIRIS data is predominantly focused on understanding processes related to the global environment and climate change. AVIRIS research areas include ecology, oceanography, geology, snow hydrology, cloud and atmospheric studies.

Platforms
AVIRIS has been flown on four aircraft platforms:  the NASA ER-2 jet, Twin Otter International's turboprop, Scaled Composites Proteus, and NASA's WB-57. The ER-2 flies at approximately 20 km above sea level, at about 730 km/h. The Twin Otter aircraft flies at 4 km above ground level at 130 km/h. AVIRIS has flown North America, Europe, portions of South America, and Argentina.

Initial design and characteristics
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory proposed to design and develop the AVIRIS in 1983. AVIRIS first measured spectral images in 1987 and measured the solar reflected spectrum from 400 nanometers to 2500 nanometers. AVIRIS measures upwelling radiance through 224 contiguous spectral channels at 10 nanometer intervals across the spectrum.

See also
 Multispectral pattern recognition
 Remote Sensing Center
Jet Propulsion Laboratory

References

Satellite imaging sensors
Spectroscopy
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Modest-class barge. The Modest class of barges is a series of self-propelled fuel carrier watercraft being built by Modest Infrastructure Ltd in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for the Indian Navy.

Description
Each vessel in the series have a length of  with a beam of  and have a draught of . They have capacity to carry 500 tons of fuel and have an air conditioned wheel house. The vessels are sea-going and have all of the essential communication and navigation equipment. They have been certified by IRS with Class notation : +SUL + IY., for carriage of oil with flash point above 60 Degree.

Specification
Gross weight	:731 tonnes
Net weight	:220 tonnes
Dead Weight	:625.7 tonnes
Displacement	:1152.01 tonnes
Light Weight	:526.31 tonnes
Overall Length	:57.35 m
Lbp		:54.8 m
Brdth Mlt	:11 m
Draught Max	:2.825 m
Engine Build	:CUMMINS INDIA LIMITED, KOTHRUD
Power		:1044 KW
Aux GEN	:2x 112 KW 415 V 50 Hz AC
Speed 		:12 knots

References

External links
http://www.newsreporter.in/oil-barge-inducted-into-navy
http://company.indiatradepage.com/143801/

Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Ships of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary barge classes
Climate Data Operators. CDO (Climate Data Operators) is a command line computer software suite providing  more than 600 operators for manipulating and analysing climate data.

Supported data formats are:
 netCDF 3/4
 GRIB 1/2
 SERVICE
 EXTRA 
 IEG

Scripting interfaces 
CDO offers a scripting interface for Ruby and Python.

References

External links 
 Official Homepage
 Documentation

Meteorological data and networks
Climatology
Redback Buzzard. The Redback Buzzard is an Australian helicopter that was designed and produced by Redback Aviation of Hoppers Crossing, Victoria. The aircraft was intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction, but only one prototype was ever completed and development ended.

Design and development
The Buzzard was based on the second generation Star Aviation LoneStar helicopter to which Redback own the rights. The Buzzard was designed to be a minimalist helicopter, using a maximum of off-the-shelf parts and to comply with the homebuilt aircraft rules. It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, skid-type landing gear and a Suzuki  four stroke engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with the tailboom built from carbon fibre. Its  diameter two-bladed rotor has a chord of , with anti-torque handled by a conventional two-bladed tail rotor. The main rotor transmission uses a combination of V-belts and toothed belts. Pitch link controls are mounted inside the hollow rotor mast tube. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The company indicates that only one prototype was built and that it was sold, ending development of the aircraft, in favour of a new design, the Redback Aviation Spider.

Specifications (version)

References

External links

2000s Australian sport aircraft
2000s Australian helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston helicopters
Redback Aviation aircraft
Guard-Lee. Guard-Lee Inc is an Apopka, Florida based manufacturer of full size, high fidelity aerospace replicas including aircraft, spacecraft, rockets, and space suits.  The company also restores historic spacecraft and rockets.   The company has created scale models of aircraft, rockets and space craft for numerous NASA centers including nearby Kennedy Space Center, the Smithsonian Institution, Walt Disney World and Universal Studios and the US Air Force.

In 2006, the company prepared the forward fuselage of a 747 donated by Northwest Airlines to the National Air and Space Museum at the Charlotte Aircraft Corporation facility at the Laurinburg-Maxton Airport in Maxton, NC.

The company is listed among NASA's supplier of scale models of spacecraft and aircraft.

References

Museum companies
Composition roller. A composition roller is a tool used in letterpress printing to apply ink to a bed of type in a printing press. It consists of a cylinder made of a substance known as "roller composition" or simply "composition", a mixture of hide glue and sugar (in the form of molasses or treacle), with various additives such as glycerin depending on the particular recipe. Early recipes also included gypsum plaster and tar, though these were eventually found unnecessary.

Before its invention, most inking of printing presses was done by manually pounding the type with ink balls, specially treated leather balls stuffed with wool. The difficulty and time involved in making and using ink balls led to various attempts to use cylinders, which could be rolled rather than pounded. Leather rollers (or "skin rollers") were attempted, and were used on the earliest steam-powered cylinder presses, yet these did not work as well as the ink balls, and the stitching seam would appear on the printed type.

Eventually, a substance was found with the right adhesion and elasticity to make suitable cylindrical rollers. Composition for use in inking was developed in England in the 1810s by Robert Harrild and another individual named Forster; they first used it for making ink balls, though they soon turned to making rollers. Bryan Donkin was the first to apply the composition roller to a machine press. By 1826, such rollers had been introduced into the United States.

To make a roller, the ingredients are melted together in a double-boiler kettle. The process is timed to avoid candying the molasses.  The mixture is cast into molds around a wooden or metal "stock" or core, which after cooling and seasoning is then hooked onto the handle or printing press.

The performance of composition rollers was notoriously subject to their environmental conditions. Composition rollers tend to quickly dry out, shrink, and harden, and as a result are typically stored in sealed cabinets called "roller closets", often with a thin layer ink left on the roller as a form of protection.  Glycerin, which has an affinity for moisture, was eventually added to the recipe, yet that in turn could cause trouble in warm humid weather where too much moisture would be absorbed. The mixture itself varied depending on the time of year in which they were made, with winter rollers sometimes melting in summer, and rollers made in the summer becoming brittle in winter. However, composition rollers that hardened or otherwise were unusable could be melted down and recast.

By the turn of the 20th century, composition rollers were mass-manufactured by various companies, using machines that could cast several rollers at once, using a mixture containing more glycerin than molasses.

See also

Brayer
Ink ball

References

Letterpress printing
History of printing
Harold E. Ennes. Harold E. Ennes was a broadcasting pioneer who authored many textbooks for broadcast and broadcast-related communications training. He was a member of the Indianapolis chapter of the Society of Broadcast Engineers. Harold made significant contributions to the early development of the SBE Certification Program a member of the SBE's national Certification Committee.

In 1980 to encourage greater growth, the Chapter established the Harold Ennes Scholarship Fund Trust in his memory. The Scholarship Trust was transferred by the Chapter to the SBE national organization to administer in 1981.

Over the years, the purposes of the Trust were expanded. In addition to granting scholarships, the Trust now is involved with the funding and presentation of broadcast engineering-related educational programs, seminars and workshops. It also helps to underwrite costs associated with publishing technical books and manuals.

In 1994 the name of the Trust was changed to the Harold Ennes Educational Foundation Trust in order to reflect its expanded role. Some of the goals of the Trust are to encourage the entry of minorities and women into broadcast technical fields, to evaluate technical training courses and to act as a liaison with similar international organizations to develop and enhance common technical training courses.

References

Sources
Society of Broadcast Engineers
Radio Magazine Online
Broadcast Engineering Magazine

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
American pioneers
American engineers
Michelangelo Hand. The Michelangelo Hand is a fully articulated robotic hand prosthesis developed by the German prosthetics company Ottobock and its American partner Advanced Arm Dynamics. It is the first prosthesis to feature an electronically actuated thumb which mimics natural human hand movements. The Michelangelo Hand can be used for a variety of delicate everyday tasks, was first fitted to an Austrian elective-amputee in July 2010 and has been in use by military and civilian amputees in the United States and United Kingdom since 2011.

Design and development
The Michelangelo Hand's development was begun by the German prosthetics manufacturer Ottobock. In 2008, the American company Advanced Arm Dynamics became involved with testing and further refinement of the prosthesis.

The prosthesis is battery-powered and can be used for up to 20 hours between charges. Constructed of metal and plastic, it is designed with a natural, anthropomorphic aesthetic, and can be custom-fitted for each user. Its motions are controlled by built-in electrodes, which detect the movements of the user's remaining arm muscles and interpret them using electromyography software. The fingers can form numerous naturalistic configurations to hold, grip or pinch objects. The Michelangelo Hand is capable of moving with enough precision to conduct delicate tasks such as cooking, ironing, and opening a toothpaste tube, but can also exert enough strength to use an automobile's steering wheel. Skin-toned cosmetic gloves are also available for the prosthesis. In 2013, the Michelangelo Hand had a unit cost of around £47,000 (US$73,800).

Users
Austrian electrician Patrick Mayrhofer suffered serious injuries to his hands at the age of 20 when he touched a 6000-volt power line in February 2008. After unsuccessful attempts to reconstruct his left hand, it was amputated below the elbow in July 2010 and he became the first patient in the world to be fitted with a Michelangelo Hand. He joined Ottobock 3 years later, helping their customers learn to use their prostheses. Having started para-snowboarding in 2012, Mayrhofer was named Paralympic Austrian Sports Personality of the Year after winning a gold medal in banked slalom at the 2015 Para-Snowboard World Championships He went on to win the Paralympic silver medal in banked slalom at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Numerous American soldiers who suffered limb amputation in combat have received Michelangelo Hands since 2011. In January 2012, Matt Rezink of Wisconsin became the first American civilian to receive a unit. In January 2013, Chris Taylor, a British service engineer who had lost his right hand in a jet ski accident in 2009, became the first UK citizen to be fitted with a Michelangelo Hand. By 2013, the hand was offered by several British prosthetic services companies, including Dorset Orthopaedic.

See also
Boston Digital Arm, an American manufacturer of powered prostheses

References

External links
Advanced Arm Dynamics website
Otto Bock Michelangelo page

Bionics
Prosthetics
Biomedical engineering
Medical equipment
2011 robots
Superconductor Science and Technology. Superconductor Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on all aspects of superconductivity, including theories on superconductivity, the basic physics of superconductors, the relation of microstructure and growth to superconducting properties, the theory of novel devices, and the fabrication and properties of thin films and devices. The editor-in-chief is Cathy P Foley (CSIRO). It was established in 1988 and it is published by IOP Publishing. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has an impact factor of 3.7 for 2023.

Article types
The journal publishes articles in the following categories:
 Papers: regular articles reporting original research in superconductivity and its application without formal length restrictions
 Letters: short articles reporting very substantial new advances and no longer than 5 journal pages or 4500 words including figures
 Topical reviews: review papers commissioned by the editors

References

External links 
 

Physics journals
Bimonthly journals
Academic journals established in 1988
English-language journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Hybrid open access journals
Acetone azine. Acetone azine is the simplest ketazine. It is an intermediate in some hydrazine manufacturing processes.

Synthesis 

Acetone azine can be prepared from acetone and hydrazine:
2 (CH3)2CO + N2H4 → 2 H2O + [(CH3)2C=N]2

It can also be produced from acetone (2 eq.), ammonia (2 eq.) and hydrogen peroxide (1 eq.). The first step is the formation of acetone imine, Me2C=NH; this is then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide through a complex mechanism to give 3,3-dimethyloxaziridine, which reacts with a further molecule of ammonia to produce acetone hydrazone. The hydrazone then condenses with a further molecule of acetone to produce the azine. The acetone azine product is distilled out of the reaction mixture as a 1:6 azeotrope with water.

Reactions 
Acetone azine can be used to prepare acetone hydrazone and .

Hydrazine can be produced through acid-catalysed hydrolysis of acetone azine:
 2 H2O + [(CH3)2C=N]2 → 2 (CH3)2CO + N2H4

References 

Azines (hydrazine derivatives)
Eye chemical irritants
Imino compounds
American Expedition Vehicles. American Expedition Vehicles (AEV) was founded in 1997 in Montana, United States, and is a manufacturer of off-road and overland vehicle parts and accessories, as well as turnkey off-road vehicle packages, primarily based on Jeep Wranglers, but since 2015 also on Ram Pickups. Michael Chetcuti and business partner, Michael Collins, bought into the 15-year-old business in 2006 as partners with founder Dave Harriton.

All AEV parts are designed and tested in Missoula, Montana, where the company's R&D facilities are located. In 2007, AEV expanded near Detroit, Michigan by establishing a corporate office, vehicle build facility, and warehouse in Commerce Township and Wixom, Michigan. Today, over 90% of their products are manufactured within 200 miles of Detroit.

Automotive models

Jeep Wrangler JK based
 AEV Wrangler JK200/JK250/JK350
 AEV Filson Edition Wrangler

In 2011 AEV presented their first concept for an extended, double cab pickup, based on the Wrangler Unlimited. The AEV Brute Double Cab DC250 and DC350 went into production in 2013, later augmented with a Filson Edition. Production of the JK-based Brute was retired after four years in 2017.

Ram Pickup based
 AEV Prospector
 AEV Prospector XL

See also
 Jeep Wrangler

References

External links

 

Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Montana
Vipul shipyard. The Vipul shipyard is a shipbuilding works at Magdalla Port in the Surat district of Gujarat.

As of 2007, the works consisted of a slipway and 100 meters of waterfront spread across 8 acres of land.
In May 2007, the ABG Shipyard Limited signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for its acquisition.
In August 2007, the acquisition was completed and thus Vipul Shipyard gained control of the ABG shipyard.
After acquisition, a further contiguous 12 acres was added to it. This led to an increase in the waterfront by 200 meters.
The works is now also referred as "ABG shipyard unit-II."

See also
Vipul-class barge, built for the Indian Navy

Peers
Anderson Marine
Tebma Shipyard Limited

References

Shipbuilding companies of India
Shipyards of India
Surat district
Liaoning University of Technology. Liaoning University of Technology (), formerly Liaoning Institute of Technology, is a university in Jinzhou, Liaoning province, northeast China.

Founded in 1951, Liaoning University of Technology is a provincial university of higher learning, specializing in engineering,  but also offering instruction in science, liberal arts, economics, and management studies. It currently has over 14,000 undergraduates and 578 postgraduates, in 20 colleges and faculties teaching 38 undergraduate and 20 post-graduate specialities. The university employs 1,278 staff, including 780 full-time teachers.

The university has exchange programs with more than 20 foreign universities, administered by its School of International Education.

References

External links
Official website

Universities and colleges in Liaoning
Universities and colleges established in 1951
1951 establishments in China
Technical universities and colleges in China
Ramesh Chand Sawhney. Ramesh Chand Sawhney being known by the abbreviation R. C. Sawhney, is an Indian scientist.  He was the first full-time Registrar of the Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India from 19 July 2010 to 18 July 2014.  He is Emeritus Professor and former Director of Life Sciences of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), India.

References

Indian military engineers
Living people
IIT Mandi
Indian Institutes of Technology people
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Scientists from Himachal Pradesh
Year of birth missing (living people)
Osmosis (disambiguation). Osmosis is the movement of molecules through a membrane.

Osmosis may also refer to:

Physical
 Capillary osmosis, the motion of liquid in a porous body
 Electro-osmosis, the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential
 Forward osmosis, a process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved solutes
 Reverse osmosis, a membrane-technology filtration method
 Pressure-retarded osmosis, the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water
 Standing gradient osmosis, the reabsorption of water against the osmotic gradient in the intestines

Popular culture
 Osmosis Jones, a 2001 live-action/animated comedy film and the main character
 Osmosis Jones (soundtrack), the soundtrack for the named film
 Osmosis Records (Osmose Productions), a French independent record label
 Ozzmosis, a studio album by heavy metal musician Ozzy Osbourne
 Osmosis, a reissue of an album originally released in 1961 as Bash!
 Osmosis (TV series), a 2019 science-fiction Netflix series

Other uses
 Osmosis (band), a band whose song "She (Didn't Remember My Name)" peaked at number 2 in Australia in 1974; see List of Top 25 singles for 1974 in Australia
 Osmosis demonstration, a set of techniques used in schools to instruct students
 Social osmosis, the indirect infusion of social/cultural knowledge
 Osmosis, is a command line Java application for processing OpenStreetMap data
 Osmosis (solitaire), a solitaire card game

See also 
 
 Electrokinetic phenomena
 Osmotic pressure
 Osmotrophy
 Passive transport
 Plasmolysis
Firminy Vert. Firminy Vert (lit. "Green Firminy") is group of modern buildings designed by architect Le Corbusier located in Firminy, France in 1964–1969. It includes the Saint-Pierre Church, a stadium, a cultural center, and an Unité d'Habitation. It was designed based on Modernism principles of architecture. It is praised as one of Europe's most accomplished postwar planning exercises.

Buildings
 1965: Unité d'Habitation of Firminy-Vert, France
 1965: Maison de la culture de Firminy-Vert
 1966: Stadium Firminy-Vert
 1969: Church of Saint-Pierre, Firminy (built posthumously and completed under José Oubrerie's guidance in 2006)

References

Luca Sampò, « l’église Saint-Pierre de Firminy, de Le Corbusier : quarante ans d’histoire entre idée et réalisation », Livraisons de l'histoire de l'architecture [Online], 16 | 2008, Online since 10 December 2010, connection on 10 May 2016. URL : http://lha.revues.org/194 ; DOI : 10.4000/lha.194

External links

 Official website

Le Corbusier
Buildings and structures in Loire (department)
Bernard Lyman. Bernard Lyman was the co-founder of Lyman Brothers Boat Builders and Lyman Boat Works. Lyman founded the company with his brother, Herman Lyman, in 1875. He designed and built the clinker (boat building) built boat, the Lyman. The Lyman boat has a reputation for, as Tom Koroknay says, "mastering the rugged chop of Lake Erie.

However, the Lyman name would ultimately span far beyond Ohio and Lake Erie. In the 1950s, Lyman introduced multiple product lines that were marketed toward fishermen, jet-setters, and everyone in-between. The company was aggressively marketed, and their naval architecture was essentially similar in design to Great Lakes builders such as Chris-Craft out of Detroit, Michigan. Sleek, modern wood lines, and attention to detail defined the brand, along with the "dual-pane" glazing on most models' front bow/cockpit. Models such as the "Islander" and "Runabout" (between 17' and 22' in length) were most popular. Although they are rare to find today, they still have a sort-of cult-following, and are widely regarded as pioneers in the design of modern sport boats for usage in the Great Lakes, and other places around the world.

References

External links
Koroknay's Marine Lyman Boats

American boat builders
Double cantilever hangar. A double cantilever hangar is a type of hangar that was constructed by the United States Air Force during the Cold War. Large hangars were constructed at Castle Air Force Base, Carswell Air Force Base, Loring Air Force Base, McGuire Air Force Base, and Pease Air Force Base, while smaller hangars were constructed at Edwards Air Force Base, Hanscom Air Force Base, Homestead Air Force Base, March Air Force Base, and Travis Air Force Base.

See also
Loring Air Force Base Double Cantilever Hangar

References

United States Air Force