omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Julie Arenholt. Julie Johanne Arenholt née Rosengreen (10 December 1873 – 21 July 1952) was a Danish civil engineer, women's rights activist and politician. In 1910, she became the first woman in Denmark to work as a factory engineer, inspecting the premises of bakeries in Copenhagen until she retired in 1939. She was an active member of the Danish Women's Society, serving as president from 1918 to 1921. She was also prominent at the international level, speaking at conferences and serving on the central committee of the International Alliance of Women (1923–1929).

Biography
Born on 10 December 1873 in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Julie Johanne Rosengreen was the daughter of Harald Christian Rosengreen (1836–1907), a civil servant, and Rasmine Rasmussen (1840–1914). On receiving the necessary qualification, she worked as a schoolteacher before entering the Polytechnic Teaching Institute in 1896, qualifying as Denmark's first female factory engineer in 1901. In 1903, she married the medical doctor and Olympic tennis player Jørgen Arenholt (1876–1953).

She worked first at the Teaching Institute, then at Detlefsen and Meyer's laboratory. In 1910, she succeeded in obtaining the newly created post of factory inspector at the Directorate for Labour and Manufacturing Control (), where she was responsible for checking out bakeries and pastry shops in the Copenhagen area.

On the political front, her lifelong interest in economic and social conditions began in 1907 when she was one of the founders of the women's suffrage association Landsforbundet for Kvinders Valgret, editing their journal  (Women's Right to Vote) from 1908 to 1912. In 1909 she was elected to the Copenhagen City Council for the Social Liberal Party. She proved to be a talented speaker, winning more votes than normal when she gained more votes than normal for the Social Liberal Party in Gentofte in 1918 when women were first permitted to stand for the Folketing.

In 1915, she joined the Danish Women's Society, serving as president from 1918 to 1921. She gained a reputation both in Denmark and abroad for her strong leadership skills. She played an active part at the congresses of the International Women's Movement, serving on the central committee of the International Alliance of Women from 1923 to 1929. In particular, she fought for women's participation in business.

Julie Arenholt died in Copenhagen on 21 July 1952 and was buried in Bispebjerg Cemetery.

References

1873 births
1952 deaths
People from Frederiksberg
Danish women's rights activists
20th-century Danish engineers
20th-century women engineers
Danish women scientists
Technical University of Denmark alumni
Danish Social Liberal Party politicians
Danish women in politics
Burials at East Bispebjerg Cemetery
20th-century Copenhagen City Council members
Danish women engineers
Doina Precup. Doina Precup is a Romanian researcher currently living in Montreal, Canada. She specializes in artificial intelligence (AI). Precup is associate dean of research at the faculty of science at McGill University, Canada research chair in machine learning and a senior fellow at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. She also heads the Montreal office of Deepmind.

Education
Precup said she was drawn to the field of artificial intelligence at a young age by her interest in science fiction, where robots are often portrayed as useful and benevolent. Her mother was a university professor of computer science in Romania.

She obtained a bachelor of science degree in computer science and engineering (magna cum laude) at Technical University of Cluj-Napoca in 1994, followed by a master of science in 1995. She left Romania in 1995 on a Fulbright scholarship to pursue graduate studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she earned a master's degree in 1997 and a PhD in 2000.

Several women in Precup's family have had successful careers in science and the science program in her high school in Romania was well attended by girls. She only became aware of the gender imbalance in sciences and technology when she moved to North America. She decided to get involved in correcting this situation and does so as the co-founder and advisor of the AI4Good Lab, an organization that aims at getting more women to study and work in artificial intelligence.

Career in artificial intelligence

Precup was recruited as an assistant professor by McGill University's School of Computer Science in 2000 and has since been living in the Montreal area.

In 2017, Precup was appointed to lead the Montreal office of the artificial intelligence firm Deepmind, which is owned by Google. She teaches at McGill while conducting fundamental research on reinforcement learning at Deepmind, working in particular on AI applications in areas that have a social impact, such as health care (medical imaging for example). She's interested in machine decision-making in situations where uncertainty is high.

She is a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and a member of the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms. With four other AI researchers (Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, Rich Sutton and Ian Kerr), she sent a letter to the Canadian Prime Minister in 2017 asking him to start addressing the risks posed by the development of AI-controlled weapons.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca alumni
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian women computer scientists
Romanian emigrants to Canada
Academic staff of McGill University
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Artificial intelligence researchers
Place of birth missing (living people)
DeepMind people
U (Los Angeles Railway). U was a streetcar line in Los Angeles, California. Also referred to as the University Line, it provided service to the University of Southern California.

History
The Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway University Line dates to November 12, 1891, when the Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway began operating on tracks run down McClintock Avenue. The route initially terminated at the Los Angeles Santa Fe station. The line came under the ownership of Los Angeles Railway Company in 1895 and was rerouted in Downtown, terminating at Spring and West 2nd Street. In 1910, the route was combined with trackage built by the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway Company along South Central Avenue, creating a U-shaped route between Central Alameda and USC via Downtown. At the university end, tracks split to three branches: west on 39th to Western, east on 39th to the entrance to Agricultural Park (now Exposition Park), and south to Dalton Avenue and West 45th Street. The Agricultural Park segment was removed from the line in February 1915 and the Dalton segment was rerouted to terminate at Vernon Avenue and Arlington Avenue.

As part of the 1920 rerouting scheme, the line operated as the university and Central Avenue Line which had three branches. These services were designated as the "U" line in 1921. The remaining 39th Street branch line was abandoned on October 5, 1941, and the service was converted to bus operation on August 3, 1947. Segments of the line were absorbed into other routes, the 3 and F, while tracks on McClintock, 32nd, Hoover, Union, 23rd and Estrella were removed.

Sources

External lists
 U Line Archives — Pacific Electric Railway Historical Society
 

Los Angeles Railway routes
Railway services introduced in 1912
1912 establishments in California
1937 disestablishments in California
University of Southern California
H. Grady Rylander. H. Grady Rylander Jr (23 August 1921 – 22 May 2010) was an American mechanical engineer who spent 63 years at the University of Texas as researcher, professor and administrator.

He was born on a farm in Pearsall, Texas and was educated at Pearsall High School. He entered the University of San Antonio (now Trinity University) in 1939, transferring to the University of Texas at Austin in 1941, where he was awarded a BSME in June 1943.  In the same year, he had married Grace Elizabeth Zirkel, with whom he had 4 children.

Following graduation he worked during World War II for Westinghouse Electric Corporation in Pennsylvania, conducting fatigue tests on gas turbine blades and designing bearings and lubrication systems for aircraft gas turbines.

In 1947 Rylander was appointed assistant professor at UT Austin, where he taught heat and power engineering, machine design, and tribology. He was awarded an MS degree in 1952. He was granted leave of absence to work for a Ph.D. degree on the behavior of multiphase lubricants at Georgia Institute of Technology, which was awarded in 1965. In 1968 UT Austin promoted him professor.

In 1970, he began a research project on the design of homopolar generators, which store large amounts of energy and discharge high-powered short duration pulses of electricity.  This work led to the founding of the Center for Electromechanics (CEM) in 1977, which Rylander himself directed until 1985, during which period CEM grew into a world-class research unit concentrating on the development of pulsed electric power and inertial energy storage machines.

He served as associate chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department at UT Austin from 1974 to 1976, and  chairman from 1976 to 1986, during which time the department achieved substantial growth and diversification. In 1985 he was awarded the ASME Leonardo Da Vinci Award from ASME.

He died in 2010 after 63 years at UT Austin.

References

1921 births
2010 deaths
20th-century American engineers
American mechanical engineers
Tribologists
Cockrell School of Engineering alumni
Engineers from Texas
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Frank Heinricht. Frank Heinricht (born March 2, 1962, in Berlin) is a German physicist with a doctorate in engineering
He has been Chairman of the Board of Management of Schott AG in Mainz since June 1, 2013.

Life and education
After completing a degree in physics and a doctorate in engineering at Technische Universität Berlin, he entered the professional world in 1992.

Professional activities
His first professional position was at Temic Semiconductors in Heilbronn, where he was appointed General Manager and Chairman of the Integrated Circuits division in 1995. Following its dissolution in 1998, the company was divided into three independent entities. The one in which Heinricht was now Chief Executive Officer of the Integrated Circuits division was acquired by Atmel Corporation.
 
Heinricht accepted a management role at Heraeus Holding GmbH in Hanau in 2003. He became Chairman of Heraeus in 2008. His responsibilities included Research and Development.

The Supervisory Board of SCHOTT AG appointed Heinricht Chairman of the Board of Management of SCHOTT AG in February 2013 with effect from June 1 of that year. With the Mainz-based technology group in the midst of withdrawing from the solar industry starting in 2012, Heinricht fortified the core areas of pharmaceutical packaging, CERAN cooktop panels, fire viewing panels and fire-resistant glass alongside components for protecting sensitive electronics. Fiscal year 2016 under Heinricht saw a 47% increase in annual profit to EUR 139 million.  Sales reached EUR 1.99 billion. In the fiscal year 2018/2019, the sales of  SCHOTT AG reached 2,2 billion Euro.

Other involvement
Heinricht has been President of the Federal Association of the German Glass Industry (BV Glas) since November 2015 and is a member of the Presidential Board of the Federation of German Industries (BDI) for 2017 and 2018. He is also Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Würth Group and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Sennheiser electronic GmbH & Co. KG. In 2012, the German Materials Society e.V. (DGM) appointed Heinricht an honorary member for life after his more than six years on the board, two of which on the Financial Advisory Board and two as Chairman.

References

External links

Frank Heinricht at Schott

Living people
Scientists from Berlin
Scientists from Mainz
1962 births
German chief executives
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Elmar Degenhart. Elmar Walter Degenhart (born January 29, 1959, in Dossenheim) is a German manager and was chairman of the Board of Continental AG from August 2009 to November 2020.

Education 
Degenhart studied Aerospace Engineering at the University of Stuttgart and then received his doctorate from the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA) in the field of clean room technology.

Career 
He began his career in 1993 at ITT Automotive Europe, where he held various executive positions. In 1998, he became a member of the executive board of Continental Teves AG & Co OHG, in Frankfurt / Main. In 2004, he became chairman of the Chassis Systems Division at Robert Bosch GmbH, in Stuttgart. Between 2005 and 2008 he was chief executive officer (CEO) of the Keiper Recaro Group, in Kaiserslautern. He was also chairman of the board of the parent company, Putsch GmbH & Co. KG, in Kaiserslautern. In August 2008, Degenhart became Automotive director of Schaeffler KG, in Herzogenaurach.

On 12 August 2009, he succeeded Continental CEO Karl-Thomas Neumann, and became the new CEO of Continental AG, in Hannover. In December 2013, his contract was extended until 2019.

On 29 October 2020, Degenhart unexpectedly announces that he will resign from his office as chairman of the executive board of Continental AG on 30 November 2020 for health reasons. Later, he explained that he had suffered a hearing loss, whereupon the doctors prescribed him rest.

Awards 
In 2015, Degenhart was awarded the Karmarsch Medal by Leibniz Universitätsgesellschaft Hannover e.V. for his performance in the reorientation and further development of the Continental AG.

Affiliations 
Since 1979, Degenhart is a member of the Catholic fraternity A.V. Alania Stuttgart.

References 

Cartellverband members
Management occupations
1959 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Baden-Württemberg
People from Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Astoux-Védrines Triplane. The Astoux-Védrines Triplane was a triplane fighter prototype designed and built in France during World War I. Powered by a  Clerget 9B rotary engine, the triplane was destroyed during flight testing and further development was abandoned. Very little else is known, other than that the name came from the designer, L. L. Astoux and the pilot Jules Védrines. After initial flights by monsieur Verdrines another pilot, a monsieur Simon, was flying the aircraft when the aircraft was destroyed in a crash.

Specifications

References

Rotary-engined aircraft
Triplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1910s French fighter aircraft
Astra 1916 bomber. The Astra 1916 bomber was a large 3-engined biplane, with two fuselages and a central nacelle. Power was supplied by three  Renault 12Eb water-cooled V-12 piston engines, two tractor engines in the noses of the fuselages and a pusher engine at the rear of the central nacelle. The flight crew of two sat in individual cockpits in the central nacelle and a gunner were housed in a cockpit, aft of the wings, in each fuselage. Designed for a 1916 concours puissant the performance of the aircraft was unsatisfactory and further development was abandoned.

Specifications

References

Biplanes
Aircraft manufactured in France
Aircraft first flown in 1916
1910s French bomber aircraft
Astra-Paulhan flying boat. The Astra-Paulhan flying boat was designed and built in the latter stages of WWI and was tested at the Marine Nationale seaplane base at Saint-Raphaël, Var in 1919. No information is available other than it was a biplane with twin fuselages between the wings and a central flying boat hull suspended from the lower wing, powered by two water-cooled engines in the noses of the fuselages.

Specifications

References

1910s French patrol aircraft
Flying boats
Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Astra aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Heavy Mechanical Complex. Heavy Mechanical Complex Ltd (HMC) is a Pakistani state-owned manufacturer based in Taxila, Rawalpindi District, Pakistan.

History
It was established in 1977 with Chinese assistance.

It manufactures equipment for hydro-electric power plants, thermal power plants, sulphuric acid plants, industrial alcohol plants, oil and gas processing plants, and chemical and petro-chemical plants. Boilers, cranes, construction machinery, material handling equipment, steel structure,  sugar mills, cement plants and railway equipment are the other products which are produced there.

See also
 Heavy Electrical Complex

References

Government-owned companies of Pakistan
Pakistani companies established in 1979
Manufacturing companies established in 1979
China–Pakistan relations
Companies based in Rawalpindi
Defence companies of Pakistan
Weapons manufacturing companies
Mechanical engineering companies of Pakistan
Audenis C2. The Audenis C2 was a two-seat fighter biplane, designed and built in France during 1916. Probably powered by a  Clerget 9B 9-cylinder rotary engine, the C2 had equal span single bay biplane wings with the lower mainplane set well below the fuselage attached by the rear undercarriage struts and a pair of struts at the leading edge. The undercarriage was of conventional tailskid configuration with the mainwheel axle attached to the fuselage by V-struts. Pilot and gunner were seated in individual cockpits with the pilot under the centre-section and the gunner aft of the wings, provided with a single fixed Vickers machine-gun fired by the pilot and a machine-gun on a ring in the rear cockpit. Development of the C2 did not continue after initial flight trials.

Specifications (C2)

References

Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Rotary-engined aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Bassan-Gué BN4 night bomber. The Bassan-Gué BN4 was a French night bomber designed in 1918 to the BN3/4 specification from the STAe. This large triplane bomber was to have been powered by three  Renault 12H engines, but these were unavailable. Resorting to three  Hispano-Suiza 8Fb engines left the prospective design seriously under-powered and development was abandoned.

References

1910s French bomber aircraft
Triplanes
Aircraft manufactured in France
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Three-engined aircraft
Vivien Kirk. Vivien Kirk is a New Zealand mathematician who studies dynamical systems. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Auckland, where she also serves as associate dean, and was president of the New Zealand Mathematical Society for 2017–2019.

Education and career
After earning bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Auckland, Kirk went to the University of Cambridge for doctoral studies. She completed her Ph.D. in 1990; her dissertation, Destruction of tori in dissipative flows, was supervised by Nigel Weiss.

She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley and at the California Institute of Technology. Kirk's notable students include Alona Ben-Tal.

Books
Kirk is the co-author of the books Mathematical Analysis of Complex Cellular Activity (Springer, 2015) and Models of Calcium Signalling (Springer, 2016).

Recognition
In 2017, Kirk won the Miriam Dell Excellence in Science Mentoring Award of New Zealand's Association for Women in the Sciences, in part for her efforts in founding and running a series of annual workshops for young women in mathematics and physics since 2007.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
New Zealand women mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
21st-century New Zealand mathematicians
University of Auckland alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Amit Kumar (academic). Amit Kumar (born 29 January 1976) is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.
He received his B.Tech. degree from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in 1997, and Ph.D. from Cornell University in 2002. He worked as Member of Technical Staff at Bell Labs, Murray Hill, New Jersey, U.S. during 2002–2003. He joined IIT Delhi as faculty member in 2003. He works in the area of combinatorial optimization, approximation algorithms and online algorithms. He is working extensively on problems arising in scheduling theory, clustering, and graph theoretic algorithmic problems.

Awards
He received Young Engineer Award from Indian National Academy of Engineering in 2006, and INSA Medal for Young Scientists from Indian National Science Academy in 2011. He was awarded  the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in the mathematical sciences category in 2018.

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Mathematical Science
Indian computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Anna Stec. Anna Agnieszka Stec  is Professor in Fire Chemistry and Toxicology at the University of Central Lancashire. Her interests include the assessment of toxic and irritant hazards in fires, and the factors affecting fire gas toxicity.

Education
Stec gained a MSC (Eng) from Warsaw University of Technology, and a PhD (Fire Chemistry and Toxicity) from University of Bolton. Her thesis title was "Fire toxicity and its measurement".

Professional bodies
Fellow of the Institution of Fire Engineers (FIFireE)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC)
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA)
Chartered Scientist (CSci) of the Science Council
Member of International Association for Fire Safety Science

Research
In 2012 she led research, presented to an American Chemical Society symposium on "Fire and polymers", which showed that halogen-based flame retardants used in many domestic and other consumer products can increase the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide gases which are the main cause of deaths from fire. "We found that flame retardants have the undesirable effect of increasing the amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide released during combustion," she said.

In 2013 she experimented with the effects of fire on a 1950 style British house discovering that toxic gases were as prevalent in closed rooms and ones with their doors open: this affected emergency egress times. Her work in 2018 showed that fire fighters were 3 times more likely to contract cancer, as the carcinogens entered through the skin. The methods used to wash their protective gear washed the carcinogens into the fibres making them carcinogenic.

Grenfell Tower Inquiry

Seventy-one people died in the Grenfell Tower fire. Stec had warned of the toxic nature of plastic cladding in an academic paper.

On 8 February 2018, Stec briefed Public Health England, saying further analysis was needed of soil and dust within the tower and other evacuated buildings before residents returned. The so-called “Grenfell cough” reported by survivors is indicative of elevated levels of atmospheric contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are potentially carcinogenic.

Early results indicate high levels of PAH in the surrounding soil and the biggest threat to survivors would be from absorption of toxic material via the skin, not from smoke inhalation. Black soot from the fire was highly likely to be contaminated with asbestos from the tower. There would be potential large-scale contamination up to a mile around the tower, with potential long-term health implications.

In September 2018 Stec was appointed as an expert witness to the Grenfell Tower Enquiry.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British chemists
British women chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellows of the Higher Education Academy
Alumni of the University of Greater Manchester
Warsaw University of Technology alumni
Academics of the University of Central Lancashire