omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lou Alta Melton. Lou Alta Melton (8 February 1895 – 26 July 1974) was an American civil engineer and bridge engineer.

Biography
Melton was born in Texas, on 8 February 1895 to Sherd Melton and Hesta Long. She grew up in Bayfield, Wisconsin. Melton taught in a primary school in Colorado for a time before she went to the University of Colorado to study civil engineering. She graduated in 1920 and got a job in the United States Bureau of Public Roads. She initially worked in the drafting department, before being promoted to Junior Bridge Engineer. Melton worked in San Francisco at the district office, then as assistant bridge engineer in the Missoula office.

Melton was a member of the American Association of Engineers and she was the first woman to become a member of the Colorado Society of Engineers. She was an active member of the associations. In 1921, she gave a talk at the Missoula branch of the AAE. The Shanghai Times hailed her as "Woman Bridge Builder, in spite of her youth, is as good a civil engineer as any man in the United States". In 1922, The Woman Engineer reprinted this article in the journal.

When Melton worked with Hilda Counts, to create an American Society of Women Engineers and Architects they wrote to all US universities with Engineering departments to find how many women were students. The replies were notable for the number which stated 'this university does not have and never expects to have any women engineering students'. Despite the great number of negative replies it turned out that there were about 200 women students in engineering courses. So the two women announced the establishment of the association and succeeded in a number of women joining in 1919 to 1920. Long term the association did not last but it did foreshadow the US Society of Women Engineers.

Personal life
Melton married Dr. Archibald Shepard Merrill on 26 August 1922 in Alameda, California. They had one daughter, Janet, in 1929 and lived in Missoula, Montana. Merrill later became Professor of Mathematics and Melton was involved with the university Mathematics Society. She taught mathematics at Montana State University and joined the Montana State Board of Examiners in 1953.

She died in on 26 July 1974 in Phoenix, Arizona. She is remembered in the Rocky Mountain Pioneer Scholarship.

References and sources

1895 births
1974 deaths
Engineers from Texas
20th-century American engineers
People from Bayfield, Wisconsin
People from Missoula, Montana
Sidney Bazett House. The Sidney Bazett House, also known as the Bazett-Frank House, is a Usonian-style home on 101 Reservoir Road in Hillsborough, California, United States, designed in 1939 by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Sidney Bazett wrote to the architect that, "With even our meager artistic knowledge,... it was apparent that it would be a shame to have anyone other than Frank Lloyd Wright design our home."

History 
The house is on a hexagonal module with red concrete floors (scored with a hexagon to articulate the building grid), brick massing, underfloor heating, wooden built-in benches and bookcases, and a flat roof with deep overhangs for natural cooling. The house is similarly designed to the Hanna House, another Wright design with a hexagonal module, also in California. However, it is "a smaller, less expansive version of the... Hanna House on the Stanford Campus; the clients were friends of the Hanna family." 

Construction on the home began in March 1940, under the supervision of Taliesin Fellowship member, Blaine Drake.  

However, once constructed, the Bazetts did not occupy their new home for very long. By early 1943, the home was rented out to Joseph Eichler and his family. Eichler was greatly influenced by his time in the home. The experience apparently "inspired" him "to market moderately priced well-designed homes for the middle class." As Eichler and his family solely rented the home, they moved in 1945 when the home was sold to Betty and Louis Frank, who occupied the home for 55 years, which accounts for its "Bazett-Frank" house. The Franks were also Wright clients. In the mid-1950s, the Franks commissioned Wright to add a playroom onto the structure.

See also
 List of Frank Lloyd Wright works

References

Further reading 
 Storrer, William Allin. The Frank Lloyd Wright Companion. University Of Chicago Press, 2006,  (S.259; S.259A)

External links
History of the Bazett House
Frank Lloyd Wright: An Inside Look At Some Of His Most Iconic California Residences
Bazett House by Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright buildings
1940 establishments in California
Five-bar linkage. In kinematics, a five-bar linkage is a mechanism with two degrees of freedom that is constructed from five links that are connected together in a closed chain. All links are connected to each other by five joints in series forming a loop. One of the links is the ground or base. This configuration is also called a pantograph, however, it is not to be confused with the parallelogram-copying linkage pantograph.

The linkage can be a one-degree-of-freedom mechanism if two gears are attached to two links and are meshed together, forming a geared five-bar mechanism.

Robotic configuration
When controlled motors actuate the linkage, the whole system (a mechanism and its actuators) becomes a robot. This is usually done by placing two servomotors (to control the two degrees of freedom) at the joints A and B, controlling the angle of the links L2 and L5. L1 is the grounded link. In this configuration, the controlled endpoint or end-effector is the point D, where the objective is to control its x and y coordinates in the plane in which the linkage resides. The angles theta 1 and theta 2 can be calculated as a function of the x,y coordinates of point D using trigonometric functions. This robotic configuration is a parallel manipulator. It is a parallel configuration robot as it is composed of two controlled serial manipulators connected to the endpoint.

Unlike a serial manipulator, this configuration has the advantage of having both motors grounded at the base link. As the motor can be quite massive, this significantly decreases the total moment of inertia of the linkage and improves backdrivability for haptic feedback applications. On the other hand, workspace reached by the endpoint is usually significantly smaller than that of a serial manipulator.

Kinematics and dynamics
Both the forward and inverse kinematics of this robotic configuration can be found in closed-form equations through geometric relationships. Different methods of finding both have been done by Campion and Hayward. Dynamic modeling of this robotic configuration has been done by Khalil and Abu Seif, forming an equations of motion relating the torques applied at motor with the angles at the joints. The model assumes all links are rigid with center of gravity at their centers, and zero-stiffness at all joints.

Applications 
This robotic linkage is used in many different fields ranging from prosthetics to haptic feedback. This design has been explored in several haptic feedback devices for general force feedback. It has also been used in the automatic drawing toy WeDraw. A novel Ackermann-type steering mechanism design by Zhao et al. utilized a five-bar linkage instead of the regular four-bar linkage. A prosthetic ankle-foot by Dong et al. used a geared five-bar spring mechanism to simulate the stiffness and damping behavior of a real foot.

References 

Robot kinematics
Robotics engineering
Shashikala Sinha. Shashikala Sinha is an Indian scientist. She is known for her role as a project director in the Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor Missile Advanced Area Defence programme, part of the Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme. As of 2019 she is graded as a 'Scientist H' in the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and leads a team of around 300 scientists.

Life 
Shashikala Sinha was born in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Her father was a military engineer, as a result he would travel across India as duty called. She was schooled in St. Ann's High School, Secunderabad, St Francis College for Women and then Osmania University in Hyderabad. She joined DRDO, but left within a year so she could complete her masters in engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, where she also met her husband. After this she joined the Society of Microwave Engineering but left in 1989 after the birth of her first daughter. Her husband was an Indian Navy officer. They had two daughters. In 1997, her husband died in a car accident.

She joined Research Centre Imarat, a DRDO missile research facility, in 1997 on contract basis, and by 2001 she was a full-time scientist. She began working on 'RF sensors subsystem' for which her team was awarded the Agni Award for Excellence in 2007. By 2012, she was the project director for the Advanced Air Defence programme and by 2017 was leading a team of around 300 scientists. She has expertise in the development of aircraft, radomes and radar cross sections. As of 2017 she is graded as a Scientist G (Level 14).

References 

Indian women engineers
20th-century Indian women scientists
20th-century Indian scientists
Scientists from Tamil Nadu
21st-century Indian women scientists
21st-century Indian scientists
Living people
Indian aerospace engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Henri Maître. Henri Maître is an Emeritus Professor at the Télécom Paris Institut Mines-Télécom, specializing in the area of image processing and pattern recognition applications.

Biography
Prof. Maître's research advanced in the fields ranging from digital camera to computational photography. He has done extensive research in remote sensing applications. His work included studies related to troposphere effects and its multi-temporal correction in differential SAR interferometry, watermarking, feature detection of SAR images and Hough Transform applications.

Patents
Procédé et dispositif holographique en lumière incohérente permettant l'étude du relief terrestre (1989)
Appareil automatique pour la numérisation d'une surface tridimensionnelle (1981)
Appareil de détermination de l'histogramme des tailles de particules ou de globules notamment sanguins (1979)

Selected bibliography

Articles

Books

References

Living people
French National Centre for Scientific Research scientists
École Centrale de Lyon alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
Anders Nilsson (scientist). Anders Nilsson (born May 3, 1956) is a scientist who works in the field of chemical physics at Stockholm University. He is best known for his studies of the structure and dynamics of water with the goal of understanding the origin of the unusual physical properties that make this liquid entirely unique on Earth. His other research interests include studying chemical reactions as they occur in real time and energy transformations that have implications for future energy use.

Career 
Nilsson received his M.Sc. (1980) in Chemical Engineering from Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and his PhD in the laboratory created by the Nobel Laureate Kai Siegbahn in Uppsala University in 1989 and was conferred with the Ångström Award for Outstanding PhD thesis. He later went to Stanford University in the US and became an associate professor in 2000 and later a professor in 2008 in the field of Photon science. He later returned to Sweden as a professor in Chemical Physics at Stockholm University in 2014. He became an Honorary Doctor in 2015 at Denmark Technical University.

Research 
Nilsson has authored more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals. His research has involved extensive use of powerful X-ray sources such as synchrotrons and x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources. His research interests include X-ray laser spectroscopy and scattering, chemical bonding and reactions on surfaces, ultrafast heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis in fuel cells, photocatalysis for converting sunlight to fuels, and structure of water and aqueous solutions.

Other works 

Nilsson had a spiritual opening in 1993 and has since then pursued a strong interest in spirituality. He is not affiliated to any spiritual school or tradition, nor has he studied under any guru, but instead followed his inner voice and intuition to lead him. He has published his spiritual views in the book The Gentle Way of the Heart in 2014 which became a finalist in the US Best Book awards and won a silver medal in the Benjamin Franklin awards

Published books

References 

1956 births
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Uppsala University alumni
Stanford University faculty
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Living people
Joost Manassen. Joost Manassen (17 February 1927 – October 2019) () was a Dutch-Israeli chemist who was a professor at the faculty of chemistry of the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Career
Manassen was born on 17 February 1927 in Amersfoort. During World War II he went into hiding from the Nazis on a farm in North Holland. In 1959 he obtained his PhD at the University of Amsterdam under Professor F.L.J. Sixma with a thesis titled, "Reactions of the n-butenes and 2-butanol in dilute acid solution : a mechanistic study". Manassen moved to Israel and started working for the Weizmann Institute of Science. In the 1970s, after the 1973 oil crisis, Manassen worked on alternative energy based on solar power. In 1983 he became head of the Department of Materials Research. Manassen died in Rehovot in October 2019.

Manassen was elected a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1986.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Dutch chemists
Israeli chemists
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Amersfoort
University of Amsterdam alumni
Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science
Dutch emigrants to Israel
Al-Ta'ir (satellite). The Al-Ta'ir () satellite was an Iraqi small experimental satellite program designed for conducting communication and rangefinding. It started in the 1980s under the leadership of Saddam Hussein and was to be put in LEO with the help of an Ariane 4 or al-Abid vehicle; however, after the Gulf War, Iraq could not obtain such vehicles and could only develop the satellite.

History
It was in the 1980s that Iraq under Saddam Hussein sought to produce its own satellite however foreign political opposition made this difficult thus research could only formally begin in 1988 with the start of the Iraqi space program in which the development of a launch vehicle was also sought. According to the Space Applications Center of the Space Technology Directorate within Iraq's Ministry of Science & Technology Sarmad D.S. Dawood Iraq's scientific research council established a space research center, Iraqi scientists of the research center managed to produce two identical flight-ready satellites, they also had a plan of building a tracking, control and communications station. Some sources put the names of the two identical satellites as Al-Ta'ir 1 and Al-Ta'ir 2. The Iraqis planned to put the satellite aboard an Ariane 4 rocket using the Ariane 44L vehicle as a baseline to get the satellite into a 350–400 km LEO, presumably having a low inclination in order to maximize the time they spent above the country. The only problem was that the Ariane 4 only flew to polar low Earth orbit and geostationary transfer orbit. According to Dawood the program came to a halt after the invasion of Kuwait and subsequent Gulf War. According to Dawood Iraq continued designing subsystems like digital imaging cameras for more advanced satellite system such as remote sensing spacecraft from 1991 to 2003.

Characteristics
The satellite was octagonal having a height of 47 cm and a diameter of 74 cm, it had an overall weight of 75 kg, sources describe its appearance as that of a "1970's disco-themed coffee table". When it comes to the interior of the satellite, it was divided into four bays for protecting the internal electronics from the vibration of launch. The satellite was spin-stabilized and only had passive thermal protection, by black and white paint. The satellite was solar powered having seven solar batteries and an additional back-up battery. When it comes to electronics then the satellite had an onboard data management system, a radio frequency communication system that operated UHF and VHF bands which communicated voice, telemetry and telecommand data and an attitude control system.

See also
Badr
Omid
Tigrisat

References 

Science and technology in Iraq
Satellites of Iraq
Christodoulos Floudas. Christodoulos Achilleus Floudas (August 31, 1959 – August 14, 2016) was a Greek–American chemical engineer. 

Floudas completed a diploma in chemical engineering at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1982, and received his Ph.D. in 1986 at Carnegie Mellon University under the guidance of Ignacio Grossmann. Floudas began teaching at Princeton University upon earning his doctorate, and was later named the Stephen C. Macaleer ’63 Professor in Engineering and Applied Science. From February 2015, he was the director of the Energy Institute at Texas A&M University, as well as the Erle Nye ’59 Chair Professor for Engineering Excellence within the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering. 

His research areas were global optimization and process systems engineering. In 2011, Floudas was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering "[f]or contributions to theory, methods, and applications of global optimization in process systems engineering, computational chemistry, and molecular biology." In 2013, he was elected a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. From 2014 to 2015, Floudas was listed as one of the highly cited researchers. His h-index is 100 according to Google Scholar.

Personal life
Floudas was born in Ioannina, Greece on 31 August 1959. He died on 14 August 2016 while on vacation in Chalkidiki, Greece at the age of 56.

References 

1959 births
2016 deaths
Chemical engineering academics
21st-century American engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Scientists from Ioannina
American chemical engineers
Texas A&M University faculty
20th-century American engineers
Princeton University faculty
21st-century Greek educators
Greek engineers
20th-century Greek educators
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Richard S. H. Mah. Richard S. H. Mah (16 December 1934 – 30 May 2004) was a Chinese-born chemical engineer and professor at Northwestern University in the United States.

Early life and education
Mah was born in Shanghai on 16 December 1934, to parents S. Fabian Soh Pai and E. Shang (Chang). Mah's parents sent him to England in 1950. Mah completed a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of Birmingham, and received his Ph.D. in 1961 from the Imperial College London under the guidance of Roger W. H. Sargent on process systems engineering. Mah became the first Ph.D. graduate from the Sargent research group. Mah moved to the University of Minnesota in 1961 for his postdoctoral work. Mah married Stella Lee in 1962.

Career 
Mah worked for Union Carbide between 1963 and 1967, then Esso. He joined the faculty of Northwestern University in 1972 as an associate professor, and retired in 1994 as a professor. Mah was a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and received its Computing in Chemical Engineering Award, Ernest Thiele Award, and other divisional awards. He was also awarded the American Society for Quality Jack Youden Prize.

Books
 2 volumes

Death and legacy
Mah died on 30 May 2004 due to a heart attack at the age of 69 in Glenview, Illinois. From 2005, the department of chemical and biological engineering at Northwestern University held an annual Mah Memorial Lecture in his honor.

References 

Chemical engineering academics
Chinese chemical engineers
20th-century Chinese engineers
Chinese expatriates in the United Kingdom
Engineers from Illinois
Fellows of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Chinese emigrants to the United States
1934 births
20th-century American engineers
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Engineers from Shanghai
Alumni of Imperial College London
American chemical engineers
2004 deaths
Computers & Chemical Engineering. Computers & Chemical Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of process systems engineering. The journal accepts general papers on process systems engineering, as well as emerging new areas and topics for new developments in the application of computing and systems technology to chemical engineering problems. The journal was founded in 1977 and is published 12 times a year. The journal's current Editor-in-Chief is Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, and editors are J. H. Lee, A.B. Póvoa, and Fengqi You. Computers & Chemical Engineering offers authors two choices to publish their research: Gold Open Access and Subscription. Its impact factor is 4.000 in 2019.

References 

Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1977
Chemical engineering journals
Computer science journals
Wrapped Reichstag. Wrapped Reichstag, Project for Berlin is a 1995 environmental artwork by artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude included as the wrapped up Berlin Reichstag building in fabric.

History
A German citizens' group unsuccessfully advocated for the project in 1978 but the building, which held deep German national identity symbolism prior to reunification, required unavailable political will. Rita Süssmuth, the newly elected President of the Bundestag, expressed interest in the project in 1989, precipitating its approval.  The project had been rejected three times across six Bundestag presidents and 24 years before its on 26 February 1994 during a debate at Bundestag an vote for approval, 296 votes for and 228 votes against. Wrapped Reichstag mounted in 1995 for two weeks as 100,000 square meters of silver fabric draped the building and fastened with blue rope. The Reichstag, which had not been in use, was later reconstructed for parliamentary use in 1999. Christo described the Reichstag wrapping as autobiographical. It became symbolic of unified Germany and marked Berlin's return as a world city. The Guardian posthumously described the work as the pair's "most spectacular achievement".

Notes

Bibliography 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christo und Jeanne-Claude: Wrapped Reichstag. Berlin 1971–95. Taschen, Köln 2002, .
 Jacob Baal-Teshuva (Hrsg.): Christo, der Reichstag und urbane Projekte. Prestel, München 1993, .
 Jacob Baal-Teshuva: Christo & Jeanne-Claude, mit Fotografien von Wolfgang Volz, Benedikt Taschen Verlag, Köln 1995. .
 Burt Chernow: XTO + J-C. List, München 2002, .
 Henning Ritter: Die Liebe der Massen zur Kunst. Christos Triumph. 1995. In: Die Wiederkehr der Wunderkammer. Über Kunst und Künstler, Hanser, Berlin 2014, S. 240–247.

External links 

1995 works
Works by Christo and Jeanne-Claude
1995 in Berlin
Reichstag building