omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Beth Moses. Beth Moses is chief space flight participant instructor and interiors program manager for Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo program, and a commercial astronaut, as classified by the Federal Aviation Administration. She was the first woman to make a spaceflight on a commercially launched vehicle, the VSS Unity VF-01 flight of 22 February 2019. She was also part of the six-member crew that flew in the first fully-crewed  test flight to space on July 11, 2021, aboard VSS Unity.

Career
Natalie Beth Stubbings grew up in Northbrook, Illinois, and attended Glenbrook North High School. She obtained bachelor's (1992) and master's (1994) degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics and was a senior engineer in the NASA/JSC EVA Project Office. As a student, she conducted materials research in parabolic flight.

She worked for NASA as the assembly manager for the International Space Station (ISS) where she led the global program of human-in-the-loop testing which designed, developed, and verified the spacewalk mechanisms used to assemble and maintain the station. Moses later joined Virgin Galactic where she is chief astronaut instructor and interiors program manager

During her spaceflight on February 22, 2019, she became the first person on a suborbital mission known to have unstrapped and floated around the cabin, as part of her job evaluating the future passenger experience. On mission VF-01 she reached a height of  above the Earth's surface. The Federal Aviation Administration awarded her the Commercial Astronaut Wings as a result of this mission.

Quotes
"One of the things that I believe in is that if a greater slice of humanity can experience spaceflight, it will translate to untold benefits and changes on Earth. What if every world leader saw Earth from space? It might be a more gentle, kind planet."

"After countless projects, I can say this: engineering persistence trumps personal, cultural, or gender factors. In modern global human aerospace, it really doesn’t matter what you look like. Or where your parents lived. Or even what native language you grew up with. What does matter is your engineering skill, common sense, courtesy, persistence, and dedication to the shared mission."

Recognition 
Beth Moses was awarded the National Science Foundation's Microgravity Research Award. This allowed her to further her research in parabolic flight. In 2009 the ISS was awarded the Robert J. Collier trophy; Moses played a large role in the development required to attain this. In 2021, she was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award from Glenbrook North High School in Northbrook, IL.

Notes

References

Commercial astronauts
Living people
Virgin Galactic
Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics alumni
Glenbrook North High School alumni
People who have flown in suborbital spaceflight
American test pilots
1980 births
Bernd Girod. Bernd Girod (born December 1, 1957) is a German-American engineer, the Robert L. and Audrey S. Hancock Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. Girod is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Education and career
Girod received his M.S. in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology (1980) and his Dr.-Ing in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany (1987).

Prior to Stanford, he was a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg and an assistant professor of media technology at the MIT Media Lab.

Research
His research interests are in image and video coding, computer vision, and multimedia systems. In 1998, Bernd Girod was elevated to fellowship of the IEEE for contributions to the theory and practice of video communication.

Girod's research has been central in startup ventures, including Polycom, Vivo Software, 8x8, and RealNetworks. He holds nearly 40 patents.

Professional activities 
He is a Faculty Co-Director of the Stanford Center for Image Systems Engineering (SCIEN) and a Director of the Max Planck Center for Visual Computing and Communication. He was Founding Director of David and Helen Gurley Brown Institute for Media Innovations (2012–2015), a Senior Associate Dean for the Online Learning and Professional Development, School of Engineering at Stanford University (2012–2015), and a Senior Associate Dean at large for the School of Engineering at Stanford University  (2015–2016).

He is currently an advisor of the Brown Institute for Media Innovation.

Selected publications

Awards and honors
 Elected Member of the National Academy of Engineering 2015
 Technical Achievement Award, IEEE Signal Processing Society 2011,  “for his contributions to the theory and practice of video communications, search and processing.”
 Elected Member of the German National Academy of Sciences (Leopoldina) 2007
 Fellow, IEEE 1998. His citation reads, “For contributions to the theory and practice of video communication.”

References

External links
 Google Scholar, Bernd Girod
 Stanford Profiles: Bernd Girod

Living people
Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering faculty
American computer scientists
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
21st-century American engineers
Georgia Tech alumni
University of Hanover alumni
1957 births
Fauvel AV.10. The Fauvel AV.10 was a tailless light aircraft built in France by Charles Fauvel.  A two-seater side-by-side, equipped with a 75 hp engine, which first flew in 1935.  Designed by Charles Fauvel, it was his first powered aircraft, designed from the outset as that, to have been realised. In 1936, it had been exhibited at the 25th Salon de L'Aéronautique at the Grand-Palais of Paris. The AV-10 was a one-off design and it disappeared in 1940. It is believed to have been taken away by German troops.

Specifications

References

1930s French aircraft
Fauvel aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Tailless aircraft
Fauvel AV.60. The Fauvel AV.60 (AV for aile volante () was a flying wing tourism aircraft built in France in the early 1960s. It was a low-wing monoplane of wooden construction, featuring a flying wing layout.

Specifications

References

Tailless aircraft
Flying wings
1960s French aircraft
Fauvel aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1963
Castel C-24. The Castel C-24 was a training glider built in the late 1930s in France. It was a glider of high-wing monoplane configuration. In English, Castel C-24 translated to Castle C-24. It was produced by the manufacturer Castel. Another product was built by the same manufacturer, with a similar name, which was called the Castel C-24S. It was also built in the late 1930s.

History 
The C-34 Condor, the engineer  previous glider, was destroyed in an accident during a sandow launch on 27 June 1934. Though the fuselage was far beyond destroyed, the wings still remained available. Inspired by Robert Kronfeld's engineering, Castello studied a two-seater tandem fuselage in 1935 and a central plane on which the wings of the C-34 were mounted. The C-24 was followed by the C-24 Casoar, a similar glider design, now with a two-piece wing and no central fuselage. A third model with a redesigned fuselage was built by the apprentices at Caudron Renault for the Billancourt Olympic Club. On 8 May 1938 Spire and Poirot improved the French men's tandem distance record with 91 km on the COB C-24. This record was improved on 23 April 1938 by Colin and Melleton on the same aircraft with 200 km.

Design 
The rear seat, that of the instructor, is in the centre of gravity. It is accessed through a door under the left wing, where visibility and comfort are deplorable. The front seat is protected by a multi-panel canopy.

Specifications

References

Glider aircraft
Castel C-24S. The Castel C-24S was a training glider built in the late 1930s in France. It was a glider of high-wing monoplane configuration. In English, Castel C-24S translates to Castle C-24S. It was produced by the manufacturer Castel. Another product was built by the same manufacturer, under a similar name, which was called the Castel C-24. It was also built in the late 1930s. It can be assumed that the Castel C-24S is the successor to the Castel C-24.

Specifications

References

Glider aircraft
Castel Yanapour II. The Castel Yanapour II was a training glider built in the late 1929 in France. It was a glider of high-wing monoplane configuration. It was designed by Spanish-born French aeronautical engineer Robert Costello and manufactured by Constructions Aéronautiques Émile Dewoitine  Only one plane was built, and it had its maiden journey in 1929, but due to new models being designed, it was dismantled.

Specifications

References

Glider aircraft
31st Engineer Regiment (France). The 31st Engineer Regiment (, (31 RG)) is a regiment of the Engineering Arm (Génie militaire) of the French Army. It is part of the 3rd Division, Scorpion Force, and based at Castelsarrasin.

From 1920 to 1938 the 31st Engineering Battalion participated in all operations in Morocco. The battalion built a huge road and railway infrastructure, as well as all related works.

References 

French engineer regiments
Reactive synthesis. Reactive synthesis (or temporal synthesis) is the field of computer science that studies automatic generation of state machines (e.g. Moore machines) from high-level specifications (e.g. formulas in linear temporal logic). "Reactivity" highlights the fact that the synthesized machine interacts with the user, reading an input and producing an output, and never stops its operation.

The synthesis problem was introduced by Alonzo Church in 1962, with specifications being formulas in monadic second-order logic and state machines in the form of digital circuits.

See also 
 Program synthesis
 Model checking

References 

Subfields of computer science
Logic
Bucket crusher. A bucket crusher or crusher bucket is a type of jaw crusher. It's an attached tool for excavators for built-in crushing construction waste and demolition materials. It has the design of a shovel, which is open at the rear for releasing the shredded material. Compared to normal jaw crushers, The jaw crusher bucket has a lower production, but can be transported more easily and only needs an excavator to operate.

The jaws are driven by hydraulically actuated eccentrics which crush material to a desired particle size. Bucket crushers are primarily employed in mining and demolition for the breaking-down of crude minerals, concrete and masonry.

During the crushing process, the crusher bucket is positioned vertically so that the crushed material can be released. The jaw bucket works with the hydraulic system of the excavator. The hoses to the excavator, for intake and drain the oil are connected directly to the crusher bucket. A hydraulic valve block regulates the oil flow and the oil pressure to the correct amount of the hydraulic motor leave. The movement is transferred to one of the two crushing jaws, the other stops. 

Crusher buckets can differ in size and weight () and volume (). The distance between the crushing jaws can range from .

Most patents on bucket crushers were filed in the mid 1990s, expiring around the year 2020.

References

External links 
 Bucket Crusher, YouTube, 10 March 2014
 Bucket Crusher, Website

Construction equipment
Pages with unreviewed translations
Caspar C 26. 

The Caspar C 26 was a sports aircraft developed in Germany in the mid-1920s.

Design and development
The C.26 was a biplane of all-wood construction. One copy of the C.26 was built, receiving the civil registration D-674. It took part in the 1925 Deutschen Rundflug.

Specifications

References

C026
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Erik Gatenholm. Erik Gatenholm is a Swedish-American entrepreneur. He is credited with marketing the world's first universal bio-ink.

Biography
Gatenholm was raised mostly in Blacksburg, Virginia. He attended Blacksburg High School and studied Business Management at Virginia Tech. He attended the Innovation and Industrial Management Master's program at the Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law, and received his Master's of Science in June 2016.

Erik is married to Gabriella Gatenholm, the couple have two kids.

Early work
At age 18, Gatenholm started his first venture as a freshman at Virginia Tech. BC Genesis focused on developing surgical meshes for hernia repair and cartilage implants by commercializing Virginia Tech-owned intellectual property. Within three years of its founding, BC Genesis received two National Science Foundation grants for $600,000. The company also received a $700,000 grant from the Virginia Tobacco Indemnification and Community Revitalization Commission, and was slated to help revive Floyd County's economy through the introduction of more job opportunities in biotech.

Gatenholm has had his own research published in line with his work. His abstract titled "Innovative bacterial nanocellulose medical devices: From incubator to human body" was published in 2013.

Outside of the biotechnology sector, Gatenholm has also worked in music production. In 2014, Gatenholm wrote and produced "Finally" with vocalist Jalana. Gatenholm composed the track and played guitar for the recording, while Jalana contributed lyrics and vocals. The track was remixed several times, earning success across the electronic music scene and gaining radio airplay, chart positions and DJ support. Gatenholm was signed along with Jalana to Déepalma Records in 2015.

Current work

Gatenholm was introduced to 3D bioprinting in 2014. At that time, academics and pharmaceutical companies mixed their own bio-inks in-house, and Gatenholm recognized a gap in the market. He co-founded CELLINK in 2016 when he was 25 years old. CELLINK was listed on Nasdaq First North within ten months of its founding, and sales totaled $1 million in its first year.

Gatenholm, along with co-founder Hector Martinez, stepped down from the company in 2024 following the conclusion of external whistleblower investigation "where the company's aggressive sales culture during the years 2017-2021 was highlighted."

Awards
 West Sweden's Young Entrepreneur of the Year, 2016.
 Sweden's Young Entrepreneur of the Year, 2016.
 Danske Bank's Innovator of the Year, 2016.
 Swedbank's Future Award, 2016.
 Anders Wall Award for Exceptional Entrepreneurship, 2017.
 Forbes 30 Under 30, 2018.
 Företagarna's Årets Företagare (Entrepreneurs of the Year), 2019.
 MIT Technology Review magazine's Innovators Under 35 list of 2019.
 Svenska Dagbladet's Affärsbragd (The Business Achievement) 2020

References

1989 births
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century_Swedish_businesspeople
American technology company founders
Swedish technology company founders
American technology chief executives
Virginia Tech alumni
Living people
People from Blacksburg, Virginia
List of bridges in Italy. This list of bridges in Italy lists bridges of particular historical, scenic, architectural or engineering interest. Road and railway bridges, viaducts, aqueducts and footbridges are included.

Historical and architectural interest bridges

Architectural bridges

Major road and railway bridges 
This table presents the structures with spans greater than 200 meters (non-exhaustive list).

Planned bridges

Notes and references 
 Notes

 

 

 Others references

See also 

 List of bridges in Rome
 List of bridges in Venice
 List of Roman bridges
 List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
 Transport in Italy
 Rail transport in Italy
 Autostrade of Italy
 State highway (Italy)
 Geography of Italy
 Italian architecture

External links

Further reading
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society. It was founded in 1954 under the name  Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Ultrasonic Engineering. The journal covers the fundamental research and technical advances in ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics and frequency control. Its editor-in-chief is Alfred C. H. Yu (University of Toronto).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.6.

References

External links
 

Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1954
Monthly journals
Electronics journals
Acoustics journals
Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Reclamation Service Boise Project Office. The Reclamation Service Boise Project Office in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story, L-shape Bungalow with entry at a porch on the inside corner. Finished in 1912, the building is constructed of brick with corbels separating basement, first, and second floors, and it includes segmented arch window openings. The low pitched roof includes four dormers.

The building was constructed by the Whiteway-Lee Co., and it features American Craftsman details uncommon to public buildings at the time. C. Herbert Lee had been an architect in the office of Tourtellotte & Co., and he had supervised construction of the 1907 administration building at the University of Idaho. But the Reclamation Office design is attributed to F.E. Weymouth, supervising engineer for the U.S. Reclamation Service. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Reclamation Service
After passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act in 1902, the Reclamation Service was the administrative center of irrigation projects in Idaho and other western states. Various projects were completed and managed, including Minidoka Dam, Arrowrock Dam, Boise River Diversion Dam, Lake Lowell, and the New York Canal, formerly the Main Canal. The Reclamation Service also adjudicated water rights disputes.

References

External links

National Register of Historic Places in Boise, Idaho
Buildings and structures completed in 1912
Government buildings in Idaho
Moses effect. In physics, the Moses effect is a phenomenon of deformation of the surface of a diamagnetic liquid by a magnetic field. The effect was named after the biblical figure Moses, inspired by the mythological crossing of the Red Sea in the Old Testament.

The rapid progress in the development of neodymium magnets, supplying magnetic fields as high as  1 T, allows simple and inexpensive experiments related to the Moses effect and its visualization. The application of magnetic fields on the order of magnitude of 0.5-1 T results in the formation of the near-surface "well" with a depth of dozens of micrometers. In contrast, the surface of a paramagnetic liquid is raised by the magnetic field. This effect is called as the inverse Moses effect. It is usually latently suggested that the shape of the well arises from the interplay of magnetic force and gravity and the shape of the near-surface well is given by the following equation:

where χ and ρ are the magnetic susceptibility and density of the liquid respectively, B is the magnetic field, g is the gravity acceleration, and μ0 is the magnetic permittivity of vacuum. Actually, the shape of the near surface well depends also on the surface tension of the liquid. The Moses effect enables trapping of floating diamagnetic particles and formation of micro-patterns. The application of a magnetic field (B≅0.5 T) on diamagnetic liquid/vapor interfaces enables the driving of floating diamagnetic bodies and soap bubbles.

References 

Magnetism
Moses
Magnetic anomalies
Crossing the Red Sea
MTTFd. Mean Time to Dangerous Failure.  In a safety system MTTFD is the portion of failure modes that can lead to failures that may result in hazards to personnel, environment or equipment.

MTTFD is critical to the determination of the performance level of a safety system.  ISO 13849 defines three levels of MTTFD:

ISO 13849 prescribes three methods to determine the MTTFD of a safety channel:
 use the manufacturer's failure data;
 use the methods prescribed in Annexes C and D of ISO 13849-1 
 use 10 years (i.e. assume the channel has low integrity)

Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) is assumed constant during the useful life period of a component. The MTTF can be calculated according to:

 

where λ is the failure rate for the component.

The relationship between MTBF and MTTF is expressed as:

 

where MTTR is the mean time to repair.

The MTTF of a system is the sum of MTTFS and MTTFD.  To understand the relationship between MTTFS and MTTFD consider the case of a switch that turns a motor on or off.  The switch has two failure modes: the switch can fail stuck closed or the switch can fail stuck open. If the switch fails stuck open, the motor will never energize; as a result, the motor will not create any hazards due to its operation.  In contrast, if the switch fails stuck closed, this failure can lead to a dangerous situation like for example the case where the operator needs to stop the motor, but the motor will not stop because the switch is stuck in the closed position.  The failure mode where the switch is stuck in the open position is denominated the safe failure mode, whereas the stuck closed failure mode is denominated the dangerous failure mode.  The likelihood of occurrence of a dangerous or safe failure may differ and is a function of several variables in the construction and design of a component.  A poorly designed switch may have a higher proportion of dangerous failures (thus a lower MTTFD), whereas switches rated for use in safety circuits may very well preclude the occurrence of stuck closed failure modes (thus have infinite or very high MTTFD).  Assessing the performance level of a safety system, requires knowing the distribution of the dangerous vs. safe failure modes of its components and ultimately a determination of its MTTFD.

External links
 
 

13849
Safety codes
Reliability analysis
Engineering failures
Cross-coupling partner. In cross-coupling reactions, the component reagents are called cross-coupling partners or simply coupling partners.  These reagents can be further classified according to their nucleophilic vs electrophilic character:
R-X  +  R'-Y  →   R-R'  +  XY
Typically the electrophilic coupling partner (R-X) is an aryl halide, but triflates are also used.  Nucleophilic coupling (R'-Y) partners are more diverse.  In the Suzuki reaction, boronic esters and boronic acids serve as nucleophilic coupling partners.  Expanding the scope of coupling partners is a focus methods development in organic synthesis.

References

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
Akaflieg Berlin B1. The Akaflieg Berlin B1 Charlotte (named after the university at Charlottenburg), was a glider built in Germany in the 1920s. It featured a high-wing, tailless sailplane configuration of all-wood construction, which had a pair of skids for landing.

Design and development
Hermann Winter and Edmund Pfister shared the design work for the "Charlotte", hoping to compete at the 2nd Rhön competition at the Wasserkuppe. Progress was slow as Pfister had a full-time job to fulfill. Professor Winter was determined to compete at the next Rhön meeting, so he engaged the Sablatnig Works for completion of the glider, which went on to win at the Wasserkuppe in August 1922.

Specifications (B 1)

See also
List of gliders

References

1920s German sailplanes
Akaflieg Berlin aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1922
Tailless aircraft