omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Walter J. D. Annand. Walter "Gus" John Dinnie Annand (21 August 1920 – 26 August 2002) was a Scottish aeronautical research engineer, academic and author.

Biography 
Annand was born 21 August 1920 in Uddingston, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was the younger brother of the painter and film-maker Louise Gibson Annand (MacFarquhar) and like his sister was educated at the Hamilton Academy school, where their father was English principal. Graduating in 1940 from the University of Glasgow, with first class honours in mechanical engineering.

After graduation, in the first year of World War II, Annand began his career engaged in aircraft performance analysis at the government research facility at Boscombe Park. In 1947 he took up a post with Rolls-Royce becoming, before his 30th birthday, head of the section, involved with military research. Subsequently, he transferred to the Rolls-Royce motor-car division at Crewe, where he was the assistant chief development officer.

In 1960 Annand took up the post of lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Manchester, becoming senior lecturer within three years, and reader in 1968. Author of numerous research papers during and since World War II, in 1966 Annand wrote the textbook, The Mechanics of Machines, and in 1974, with G E Rowe, he published Gas Flow in the Internal Combustion Engine.

Annand was awarded a DSc in 1972.  In the same year he was sponsored by the British Council, as visiting professor in engineering at the Middle East Technical University, at Ankara, Turkey. In 1973 he was seconded to head University of Manchester new Pollution Research Unit, returning to the Mechanical Engineering department in 1978.

Annand retired from the University of Manchester in 1987 as reader in mechanical engineering.

He married Margot Carter, and together they had two daughters. He was a keen chess player and stamp collector. He died at Biddulph, Staffordshire, on 26 August 2002.

References 

1920 births
2002 deaths
People educated at Hamilton Academy
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
20th-century Scottish engineers
Scottish aerospace engineers
People from Uddingston
Academic staff of Middle East Technical University
Percy Allan. Percy Allan (12 July 1861 – 7 May 1930) was a civil engineer who designed many public works in New South Wales, including the design of 583 bridges.

Early life 
Allan was the son of Maxwell Rennie Allan, principal Under-Secretary of State for New South Wales, and was born in Elizabeth Street, Sydney on 12 July 1861. He was educated at Calder House, Redfern, and joined the government Works Department in 1878 as a cadet.

Career 
Between 1893 and 1896 he designed 349 bridges and punts in New South Wales, and between 1896 and 1899 he designed a further 126 bridges including the Pyrmont Bridge and the Glebe Island Bridge.

In 1900 he was appointed Principal Assistant Engineer for Rivers, Water Supply and Drainage, and supervised the completion of the Sydney low level sewerage system, which was a pumping system to replace harbour sewage outfalls. Following this he was appointed to the Hunter District Water Supply and Sewerage Board. He returned to the Public Works Department in 1912, and had overall design responsibility for the steel Pratt trusstype Tom Uglys Bridge over the Georges River. He is also credited with designing his own type of Truss Bridge, the Allan Truss.

He was awarded a Telford Premium by the Institution of Civil Engineers for a paper on port improvements in Newcastle, including excavation of the channel and extension of the breakwater.

Retirement and death 
Allan retired from the public service in March 1926; and died suddenly at his home in Darlinghurst on 7 May 1930. He was survived by his wife and two sons.

See also 

 List of bridges designed by Percy Allan

References 

 
1861 births
1930 deaths
Australian civil engineers
Engineers from Sydney
19th-century Australian engineers
Colony of New South Wales people
Grasshopper (robot weather station). The Grasshopper was a project by the United States Air Force and United States Navy to develop a portable robot weather station deployed by parachute from long range aircraft in the early 1950s. The Grasshopper was designed to be deployed by parachute into enemy territory and radio back basic weather information for air strikes.

With the USAF Grasshopper after being parachuted down from a long range aircraft, a small explosive charge disconnects the parachute upon impact with the ground. After a selected preset time, a second explosive charge would deploy the legs of the unit while setting it upright on the ground. Finally, a third explosive charge would extend the antenna and make the unit ready to begin taking weather measurements, broadcasting them back three times a day at selected timed-intervals (so other aircraft can pick up the short range signal). Reports also stated that the Grasshopper could be used to guide in strike aircraft with the internal clock set for the approximate time the strike aircraft would arrive near the target.

References
 "Grasshopper" Spies On The Enemy" , June 1951, Popular Science the USAF development, and one of the few articles known on the subject with extremely rare photos
 "Air Dropped Robot Broadcast Weather" , January 1956, Popular Mechanics US Navy developed Grasshopper, modified for Antarctic research

Military intelligence collection
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
Turkish Engine Center. Turkish Engine Center (TEC) is a joint venture between Pratt & Whitney and Turkish Technic for the maintenance, overhaul, and repair of CFM56 and V2500 turbofan aircraft engines.

TEC is located at Istanbul’s smaller international airport, Sabiha Gökçen Airport in Anatolia. TEC started operations in January 2010 and has an annual capacity of 200 shop visits. The facility occupies approximately 25,000 m2 (269,000 square feet). TEC currently employs around 250 people. Their repair capabilities include an information technology system, enhanced with methodology for engine overhaul practices, that provides services to airline operators in Europe, Middle East, North Africa, and CIS countries.

Engine maintenance capabilities 
TEC has a B1 rating capability which includes inspection, testing, repair, modification, and overhaul of the listed engines, including powerplant/EBU hardware and electrical harnesses.
Engine maintenance services are provided for the following types of engines:

 CFMI CFM56-7B
 IAE V2500-A5

Turkish Technic
Turkish Airlines Maintenance Center (Turkish Technic) is the maintenance, repair, and overhaul center of Turkish Airlines. It is based in Istanbul Atatürk International Airport (IST). Currently, Turkish Technic operates in three hangars at IST and one hangar in Ankara Esenboğan International Airport (ESB) in a total enclosed area of 130,000 m2 with a total workforce of about 3,000 employees. Turkish Technic has established a third new maintenance center at Sabiha Gökçen International Airport on the Eastern side of Istanbul.

References

Companies of Turkey
Cleanliness suitability. Cleanliness suitability describes the suitability of operating materials and ventilation and air conditioning components for use in cleanrooms where the air cleanliness and other parameters are controlled by way of technical regulations. Tests are carried out to determine this.

Trends such as the miniaturization of structures as well as increased levels of reliability in technology, research and science require controlled “clean” manufacturing environments. The task of such environments is to minimize influences which could damage the products concerned. The cleanroom environments created by filtering the air were originally developed for the fields of microelectronics and microsystem technology but are now used in a wide range of other high technology sectors such as photovoltaics and the automotive industry.

Depending upon the industry and process concerned, different factors may have a damaging influence on a product, e.g.:

 Particles, in microelectronics such as the semiconductor industry and especially biotic particles in life science industries such as pharmaceutics, bio-engineering and medical technology (cleanroom suitability) 
 Molecular contamination (outgassing), especially in microelectronics such as the semiconductor industry
 Electrostatic discharge phenomena (ESD), especially in microelectronics such as the semiconductor industry
 Resistance to cleaning and disinfection agents, especially  in life science industries such as pharmaceutics
 Surface interaction, especially in life science industries such as pharmaceutics, bio-engineering and medical technology 
 Cleanability, especially in life science industries such as pharmaceutics, bio-engineering and medical technology 
 Microbicidity, especially in life science industries such as pharmaceutics, bio-engineering and medical technology

The following factors may be responsible for contamination:

 The cleanroom itself: Staff, although this is becoming less relevant as more and more staff are banned from working in critical areas
 The use of manufacturing equipment, which is increasing as more and more automated solutions are being implemented. 
 Often in direct contact with the product, manufacturing equipment and the materials used in their construction form a further important contamination factor in a clean production environment.

References

Cleaning
Life sciences industry
Cleanroom technology
Cleanroom suitability. Cleanroom suitability describes the suitability of a machine, operating utility, material, etc. for use in a cleanroom, where air cleanliness and other parameters are controlled by way of technical regulations in accordance with ISO 14644.

Cleanroom suitability is a subdomain of cleanliness suitability and primarily describes the particle emission behavior of a machine or operating utility (test piece).

Testing
The aim of cleanroom suitability tests is to determine the suitability of machines and operating utilities (air conditioning, venting, etc.) for use in cleanrooms. The tests must be carried out using measurement techniques as particle emission behavior cannot be adequately assessed by the naked eye or similar means. No metrological tests are required if there are obvious flaws in machines and operating utilities, such as rust or the presence of porous or completely unsuitable materials (wood, etc.).  

Tests to assess the cleanroom suitability of a machine or operating utility using measurement techniques are performed in a cleanroom in order to be certain that the particles detected are emitted from the test piece. The test cleanroom has to be at least one class cleaner that the desired suitability of the test piece, otherwise it would not be possible to relate the particles detected to the test piece in question. An exception to this is when determining the suitability of a test piece for use in Class 1 cleanrooms in accordance with DIN EN ISO 14644-1: such tests have to be carried out in a Class 1 cleanroom because no other cleanroom classes are defined which are better than this. The test cleanroom must have a low-turbulence airflow (often known as laminar in this context) in order to prove high air cleanliness classes and also accurately locate particle sources.  

Particle counters are utilized as measurement devices in order to determine particulate contamination with regard to geometrical size, quantity, distribution, chronological progression and location. 
 
The cleanroom suitability of a material describes its particle emission behavior. However, as particle emission from materials can only be assessed under stress conditions, model tests on material pairings have proved to be valuable in order to obtain reproducible, comparable results. Particle emission behavior tests have to be carried out under the same conditions as for machines and operating utilities, and optical particle counters are also implemented.

References

External links 
 Cleanroom Suitable Equipment Database
 Cleanroom Suitable Materials Database

Metrics
Transweb. Transweb Educational Services, founded in 2007 by Aditya Singhal and Nishant Sinha, is an online tutoring and educational website. The website provides educational resources to students from grade 4 to university level, through its five websites.

Overview 
Transweb comprises five websites: askIITians, eMedicalPrep, Transtutors, Transwebtutors and Mycollegeabroad.

 askIITians caters primarily to students in India and the Middle East when preparing for engineering entrance exams like the IIT-JEE or AIEEE.
 eMedicalPrep cater to medical students taking entrance exams such as the AIPMT or AIIMS.
Transtutors is a question-and-answer format website for homework help.
Transwebtutors offers paid online tutoring in mostly technical subjects.
 Mycollegeabroad is for students living abroad that needing college admission consulting.

Technology 
A number of these websites provide services such as virtual classrooms, with text chat, audio chat and shared whiteboards.

Rajiv Gandhi Navodaya, Dehradun
AskIITians is in collaboration with the Rajiv Gandhi Navodaya school in Dehradun, Uttarakhand to provide "three-month free coaching for preparing engineering and medical examinations" to students, utilising an "online base [with] live, interactive classrooms by the institute." Rural students of RGNV get free education, boarding and lodging facility and around 150 students get online assistance in evening after the school is over.

References 

Education companies of the United States
Online companies of India
Distance education in India
Kelzar Dam. Kelzar Dam, is an earthfill dam on Aram river near Satana, Nashik district in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Nashik district
Dams completed in 1981
1981 establishments in Maharashtra
Sonal Dam. Sonal Dam, is an earthfill dam on Aran river near Mangrulpir, Washim district in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Washim district
Dams completed in 1981
1981 establishments in Maharashtra
Masoli Dam. Masoli Dam, is an earthfill dam on the Masoli river near Gangakhed, Parbhani district in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above the lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Parbhani district
Dams completed in 1981
1981 establishments in Maharashtra
Irai Dam. Irai Dam is an earthfill and gravity dam on Irai river near Chandrapur and Tadoba Andhari Tiger Project in state of Maharashtra in India. A borderline flood situation was seen in the catchment and the low-lying areas of this dam and the nearby Chargaon dam in September 2012. The situation came under control after the rainfall stopped.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Water supply

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Chandrapur district
Dams completed in 1983
1983 establishments in Maharashtra
Sina Dam. Sina Dam, is an earthfill dam on Sina river near Karjat in Ahmednagar district in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Ahmednagar district
Dams completed in 1986
Earth-filled dams
1986 establishments in Maharashtra
Purna Dam. Purna Dam, is an earthfill dam on Purna river near Amravati in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation
 Hydroelectricity
 Water supply

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Amravati district
Dams completed in 2006
2006 establishments in Maharashtra
Nawatha Dam. Nawatha Dam, is an earthfill dam on Burai river near Dhule in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Maharashtra
Year of establishment missing
Dhule district
Human Dam. Human Dam is an earthfill and gravity dam on the Human river near Chandrapur in the state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
Irrigation.

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Chandrapur district
Year of establishment missing
Dehali Dam. Dehali Dam is an earthfill dam on Tapi river near Sind Kheda in state of Maharashtra in India.

Specifications
The height of the dam above lowest foundation is  while the length is . The volume content is  and gross storage capacity is .

Purpose
 Irrigation
 Water Supply

See also
 Dams in Maharashtra
 List of reservoirs and dams in India

References

Dams in Maharashtra
Dams on the Tapti River
Year of establishment missing
Ekin Airbuggy. The Ekin WHE Airbuggy is a British single-seat autogyro designed and built by the W. H. Ekin (Engineering) Company in Northern Ireland.

Development
The company was formed in 1969 to manufacturer six McCandless M-4 Gyroplanes under licence. The company improved the design to produce the Airbuggy which was first flown on 1 February 1973. It was a conventional single-seat autogyro with a rear-mounted  Volkswagen flat-four motor car engine. It had a fixed tricycle landing gear with an open cockpit in a nacelle forward of the rotor pylon. The first Airbuggy was delivered in December 1975.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1970s British civil utility aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Aircraft first flown in 1973
Jakkals. The Jakkals is a small, agile weapon carrier and utility vehicle for airborne units of the former South African Defence Force and current South African National Defence Force. The Jakkals can be deployed by land, lifted by helicopter, air dropped and delivered via aircraft.

Weapons mounted on the Jakkals include the 106mm M40 recoilless rifle, M2 Browning heavy machine gun, various general purpose machine guns as well as acting as a tractor for the Valkiri-5 multiple rocket launcher or anti-aircraft guns such as the ZU-23-2.

It can also be deployed with a small trailer and used as a logistical support vehicle, especially for the 120 mm mortars as with airborne artillery. The Jakkals has only been used in defense operations by the South African Airborne Units during the South African Border Wars.

References

Military vehicles of South Africa
Cold War military equipment of South Africa
Science of science policy. Science of science policy (SoSP) is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that seeks to develop theoretical and empirical models of the scientific enterprise. This scientific basis can be used to help government, and society in general, make better R&D management decisions by establishing a scientifically rigorous, quantitative basis from which policy makers and researchers may assess the impacts of the nation's scientific and engineering enterprise, improve their understanding of its dynamics, and assess the likely outcomes. Examples of research in the science of science policy include models to understand the production of science, qualitative, quantitative and computational methods to estimate the impact of science, and processes for choosing from alternative science portfolios.

Federal SoSP effort
The federal government of the United States has long been a supporter of SoSP. In 2006, in response to Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John H. Marburger's challenge for a new "science of science policy," the National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) established an Interagency Task Group on Science of Science Policy (ITG) to serve as part of the internal deliberative process of the Subcommittee. In 2008, the SoSP ITG developed and published The Science of Science Policy: A Federal Research Roadmap, which outlined the Federal efforts necessary for the long-term development of a science of science policy, and presented this Roadmap to the SoSP Community. The ITG's subsequent work has been guided by the questions outlined in the Roadmap and the action steps developed at the workshop. Furthermore, since 2007, the National Science Foundation, in support of academic research to advance the field, has awarded grants from the Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP) program. The SciSIP research supports and complements the Federal SoSP efforts by providing new tools with immediate relevance to policymakers.

Science of Science and Innovation Policy program
The Science of Science and Innovation Policy (SciSIP) program was established at the National Science Foundation in 2005 in response to a call from John Marburger for a "specialist scholarly community" to study the science of science policy. The program has three major goals: advancing evidence-based science and innovation policy decision making; building a scientific community to study science and innovation policy; and leveraging the experience of other countries. 

Between 2007 and 2011, over one hundred and thirty awards were made in five rounds of funding. The awardees include economists, sociologists, political scientists, and psychologists. Some of these awards are already showing results in the form of papers, presentations, software, and data development.

See also
Metascience
Evidence-based policy
Evidence-based practices

References

Further reading

Politics of science
Science policy
Metascience
NQEA. NQEA Pty Ltd is an engineering and shipbuilding company based in Cairns, Australia. The company was founded in 1948 as an engineering supply company named North Queensland Engineers & Agents, then expanded in 1966 into shipbuilding and was renamed.

NQEA has built several ships for the Royal Australian Navy (including the Fremantle-class patrol boats and Leeuwin-class survey ships). The company was contracted to build modules to form the hulls of the Hobart-class air warfare destroyer project in May 2009, but lost the contract a month later to BAE Systems Australia after admissions that an internal restructuring may lead to difficulties meeting the contracted obligations.

The company has also built catamaran ferries for the State Transit Authority (now operated by Sydney Ferries), London based Thames Clippers, and operators in French Polynesia and the Netherlands.

Ships built

References

Companies based in Queensland
Engineering companies of Australia
Shipbuilding companies of Australia
Shipyards of Australia
1948 establishments in Australia