omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Butterfly Banty. The Butterfly Banty, also called the Kimbrel Banty for its designer, is an American homebuilt ultralight aircraft that was designed by Mike Kimbrel and produced by Butterfly Aero of Oakville, Washington, introduced in 1984. The aircraft was supplied in the form of plans for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Banty was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a strut-braced parasol wing, a single-seat open cockpit with a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from wood with its flying surfaces covered doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing utilizes flaps and has a wing area of . The wings are supported by "V" struts with jury struts and can be folded for ground transport or storage. The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Rotax 277 single cylinder, two-stroke powerplant. With this engine the standard day take-off roll is  and landing roll is 

The Banty has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for pilot and baggage is .

The plans included detailed parts drawings, a materials list and construction instructions intended to assist inexperienced builders. The designer estimates the construction time from the supplied plans as 500 hours.

Operational history
By 1998, the company reported that 1820 sets of plans had been sold and 30 aircraft were flying.

Specifications (Banty)

References

External links
Photo of a Banty
Photo of a Banty in flight

Banty
1980s United States sport aircraft
1980s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Mathieu Kociak. Mathieu Kociak is a French researcher of nano-optics at the French UMR Laboratoire de Physique des Solides.

He obtained his Ph.D. from the Université Paris-Sud in 2001 in carbon nanotubes, plasmons and superconductivity, under the supervision of Christian Colliex. He later did a post-doc at Meijo University.

He is the author of numerous peer-reviewed articles which have appeared in such journals as Nano Letters and Physical Review Letters among others.

Awards
Some awards bestowed to Kociak are listed below:
 Guinier Prize from the French Physical Society (2002)
 FEI-EM award from the European Microscopy Society (2012)

References

External links
 

Living people
20th-century births
University of Paris alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century French physicists
List of power stations in Tennessee. The U.S. state of Tennessee receives its power from a variety of sources. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is the primary utility in Tennessee which generates electricity and sells it to hundreds of local utilities and industrial customers. Like most of the US, the sources used to generate power in Tennessee have changed substantially in the last decade. Coal's share of power has declined from nearly 60% in 2008 to about 25% in 2018, while natural gas has increased significantly. Tennessee is home to the two newest nuclear reactors in the US at Watts Bar Nuclear Plant, unit 2 being the first to begin operation in the 21st century. After Watts Bar Unit 2 began operation in late 2016, nuclear power passed coal as the top source of electricity. In November 2018 natural gas produced more power than coal for the first time in Tennessee. Tennessee is home to the third largest pumped-storage hydroelectric facility in the US, and has the third highest net generation of hydroelectric power of states east of the Mississippi River, and eighth highest nationwide. In 2018, about 57% of the power consumed in Tennessee was generated with emissions free sources. Tennessee is a net consumer of electricity, consuming more power than it generates and receiving power from TVA facilities in neighboring states.

Biomass

Coal

Natural gas
The Tennessee Valley Authority operates nine natural gas power stations in Tennessee. Six of these use simple combustion turbines. Three newer facilities use more efficient combined cycle generators.

Hydroelectric plants

Wind farms

Solar stations

Nuclear plants
The Tennessee Valley Authority operates two nuclear plants in Tennessee. In addition much of the power generated at TVA's Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant in Limestone County, Alabama is distributed to Tennessee.

Former facilities

Coal

Hydroelectric

Cancelled facilities

See also

List of power stations operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority

References

External links 

Power
Tennessee
Amritsar–Kolkata Industrial Corridor. The Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial corridor (ADKIC) is a proposed economic corridor in India between the cities of Amritsar, Delhi and Kolkata, developed by the Government of India.

The project is aimed at developing an Industrial Zone spanning across seven states in India and 20 cities under these states. The project is intended to bring about major expansion of infrastructure and industry in the states along the route of the corridor.

The corridor encompasses one of the most densely populated regions in the world and houses about 40% of India's population. This is a region which needs a major push for industrialization and job creation. 

, the Government of India has approved the project.

Development
The Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal has proposed the establishment of a  for the first phase. The Minister said these projects are important in terms of boosting the manufacturing sector in the country as it would help in creating millions of jobs.

States included
The ADKIC will be spread across 20 cities in seven states: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, extending  from Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni near Kolkata . The cities which will covered by the ADKIC Project are Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Ambala, Saharanpur, Delhi, Roorkee, Haridwar, Dehradun, 
Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Bareilly, Aligarh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Gaya, Hazaribagh, Bokaro Steel City, Dhanbad, Asansol, Durgapur, Burdwan and Kolkata. The corridor would be built along the 1,839 km long Eastern Dedicated Freight corridor between Khurja and Mugalsarai, and will leverage the Inland Waterway System being developed along National Waterway 1 which extends from Allahabad to Haldia. The IMG has also proposed to integrate the existing highway network.

See also
 National Industrial Corridors of India
 Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor
 Chennai Bangalore Industrial Corridor
 Mumbai-Bangalore economic corridor
 Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor

References

External links 
 

Proposed infrastructure in India
Economy of West Bengal
Economy of Kolkata
Economy of Bihar
Economy of Punjab, India
Economy of Jharkhand
Economy of Delhi
Economy of Uttar Pradesh
Economy of Uttarakhand
Economy of Haryana
Industrial corridors in India
Climate change in Grenada. Climate change in Grenada has received significant public and political attention in Grenada. , the mitigation of its effects has been high on the agenda of the Government of Grenada, which seeks to set an example through innovation and green technology.

Greenhouse gas emissions 

Given its small size, Grenada is not a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, but does use fossil fuel to generate most of its electricity. The Government of Grenada has set a goal of generating 50% of its energy from solar and wind power by 2030, and is taking steps to abolish Grenlec, the state-run electric utility. Because tourism is a mainstay of the economy, there is also interest in exploring the use of seawater for air-conditioning.

Mitigation and adaptation

Adaptation 
, Grenada had a US$6.9 million pilot project to adapt its irrigation system to climate change and conduct local and regional water planning, funded by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI). Groundwater depletion, lower water tables, disruption of water supply by hurricanes (such as Hurricane Ivan), saltwater intrusion, and rising sea levels pose challenges for providing a consistent water supply for agriculture and tourism.

Society and culture

Activism 
In 2013, the newspaper The Washington Diplomat profiled Grenada's ambassador to the United States, Angus Friday, who has served as a "senior climate policy specialist at the World Bank." In his earlier posting as Grenadian Ambassador to the United Nations, "he frequently advocated for small Caribbean and Pacific island nations threatened by rising ocean levels."

See also 

 Climate change in the Caribbean

References 

Environment of Grenada
Grenada
James Valentine (RFC officer). Lieutenant-Colonel James Valentine  (1887 – 1917) was an early English aviator who died during the First World War, serving in the Royal Flying Corps.

Early life
Valentine was born in Lambeth, London on 22 August 1887 the son of James and Fanny Valentine. His father was a general manager of an insurance company in 1891.

Aviator
Valentine gained his Royal Aero Club aviators certificate (No. 47) on 31 December 1910 at Brooklands Aerodrome using a Macfie Biplane.  In 1911, flying a Deperdussin, he was one of only four airmen to complete the Circuit of Britain race and was the only British aviator to compete in the Circuit of Europe race. He was one of the few competitors to complete the course. In the Aerial Derby of eighty-one miles around London on 3 June 1912, Valentine was third flying a Bristol Prier monoplane.

In 1913 he married Louisa Eileen Knox in London.

Royal Flying Corps
With the outbreak of the First World War Valentine joined the Royal Flying Corps in 1914. 
On 7 August 1917 Valentine died aged 29 as result of wounds at Kieff in Russia (now Kyiv, Ukraine). He is commemorated on the Archangel Memorial to men who died in the north Russian campaign and whose graves are not known.

Honours and awards
He was awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Aero Club for his aviation achievements in 1912 Valentine was awarded the second Royal Aero Club Special certificate on 6 December 1911;

8 November 1915 - Lieutenant (temporary Captain) James Valentine, Royal Flying Corps (Special Reserve) was appointed a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur by the President of France for distinguished service in the field.
4 June 1917 - Captain (temporary Major) James Valentine was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order for distinguished service in the field.
Russian Order of St. George 4th Class.

References

External links
 The Great 1911 Air Race visits Whipton(Whipton was a stopping point for the contestants in the 1911 Circuit of Britain race)
James Valentine;earlyaviators.com

1887 births
1917 deaths
Knights of the Legion of Honour
English aviators
Royal Flying Corps officers
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
British military personnel killed in World War I
British Army personnel of World War I
Nafees Bin Zafar. Nafees Bin Zafar (born 1978) is a visual effects and computer graphics software engineer of Bangladeshi origin based in Los Angeles, United States. He is currently Principal Engineer at animation studio DreamWorks Animation. In 2008, he received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award in Scientific and Engineering Award (Academy Plaque) category for the development of the fluid simulation system at Digital Domain. , becoming the first person of Bangladeshi origin to win an Academy Award in any category. He also received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award in Technical Achievement Award (Academy Certificate) category in 2015 for the separate development of two large-scale destruction simulation systems based on Bullet.

Early life
Zafar was born in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and moved to Charleston, South Carolina with his family when he was 11. He studied at Dhaka Residential Model College till grade 6. He attended College of Charleston and graduated in software engineering. During that time, he studied 3D graphics using SGI computers at Virtual Reality South.

He is the son of Zafar Bin Bashar, a partner at Marcum & Kliegman, and Nafeesa Zafar, who resides in Long Island, New York. He is a great-grandson of the famous late Bangladeshi poet Golam Mostofa and grand-nephew of the famous Bangladeshi artist and puppeteer Mustafa Monwar.

Career
In February 2008, Zafar received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award for the development of the fluid simulation system at Digital Domain, which was used in the film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. 
He received the Scientific and Engineering Award along with his colleagues at Digital Domain, thus becoming the first person of Bangladeshi origin to win an Academy Award.

In February 2015, Zafar was again recognized by the Academy when he and his colleagues at Digital Domain received a Technical Achievement Award for their work on the Drop Destruction Toolkit, used to create visual effects in the film 2012. He is now Principal Engineer at DreamWorks Animation.

Filmography  
 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (principal engineer)
 Puss in Boots (senior software engineer)
 Kung Fu Panda 2 (senior software engineer)
 Megamind (senior production engineer)
 Shrek Forever After (senior production engineer)
 Percy Jackson & the Lightning Thief (software engineer)
 The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising (visual effects: Digital Domain)
 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (technical developer)
 Flags of Our Fathers (technical developer)
 Stealth (software engineer)
 The Croods (research and development principal engineer: DreamWorks Animation)

See also 
 DreamWorks Animation

References

External links 
 
 Nafees Bin Zafar: Linkedin profile

1978 births
Living people
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
College of Charleston alumni
Software engineers
People from Dhaka
Lyon Air Museum. The Lyon Air Museum is an aerospace museum located on the west side of the John Wayne Airport in Santa Ana, California, United States. The museum features military aircraft, rare automobiles, military vehicles and motorcycles, and related memorabilia, with an emphasis on World War II.

Aircraft 
Eight airworthy condition aircraft are on display:

 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
 Cessna O-1E Bird Dog
 Douglas DC-3
 Douglas C-47 Skytrain
 North American B-25 Mitchell
 Douglas A-26 Invader
 North American SNJ-6 Texan, added in summer of 2013
 Boeing Stearman PT13D

Special summer car exhibits 
Each year Lyon Air Museum hosts its annual Summer Car Exhibit that features a number of cars that are based on a specific theme.

See also
List of aviation museums

References

External links

 

Museums in Orange County, California
Aerospace museums in California
John Wayne Airport
Hull loss. A hull loss is an aviation accident that damages the aircraft beyond economic repair, resulting in a total loss. The term also applies to situations where the aircraft is missing, the search for its wreckage is terminated, or the wreckage is logistically inaccessible.

The aviation industry uses the metric of "Hull losses per 100,000 flight departures" to measure the relative risk of a given flight or aircraft. There is no official ICAO or NTSB definition.

From 1959 to 2006, 384 of 835 hull losses were non-fatal.

 Constructive hull loss takes into account other incidental expenses beyond repair, such as salvage, logistical costs of repairing non-airworthy aircraft within the confines of the incident site, and recertifying the aircraft.

Airlines typically have insurance to cover hull loss. Their policies—like many covering assets that are subject to depreciation—typically pay the insured a formulaic used-item value. A damaged aircraft will often simply be scrapped.

Recent discussions within the aviation industry have raised the importance of factoring in new variables such as environmental impact and regulatory restrictions when evaluating constructive hull losses. Additionally, advancements in aircraft salvage technologies have reduced the number of cases classified as total losses by enabling more cost-effective recovery and repair efforts.

History

In the initial years of aviation (1900s–1920s) hull losses were common due to limited understanding of aerodynamics and aircraft technology. Pioneering aviators like the Wright Brothers and their contemporaries faced numerous accidents and losses.

World War I and World War II extensively used military aircraft, leading to numerous hull losses in combat. The post-war period witnessed the rapid development of commercial aviation. The introduction of pressurized cabins, jet engines, and improved navigation systems reduced the likelihood of hull losses in commercial aviation.

The emergence of jet aircraft in the 1950s led to faster, more reliable, and safer aircraft. However, the early years of the jet age also saw some high-profile accidents and hull losses, prompting improvements in training and safety regulations.

See also
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft

References

Aviation accidents and incidents
CEI Free Spirit Mk II. The CEI Free Spirit Mk II, also called the Cabrinha Free Spirit Mark II and the Cabrinha Model 423, is a three-seat American homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Richard Cabrinha and produced by CEI of Auburn, California, introduced at AirVenture in 1995. The aircraft was intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction, but only prototypes seem to have been completed.

Design and development
The design goals of the Free Spirit Mk II included long range, high speed and a high rate of climb. The aircraft features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration, plus a jump seat in an enclosed cockpit, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from lightweight pre-molded composites. Its  span wing employs a NASA NLF(1)-0215F natural laminar flow airfoil, mounts flaps and has a very small wing area of , giving a high wing loading of 25.0 lb/sq ft (122 kg/m2). The cabin width is . The acceptable power range is  and the standard engine used is the  Lycoming IO-360 powerplant.

The Free Spirit Mk II has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for crew, passengers and baggage is .

Operational history
In 1998 the company reported that two aircraft were flying, but by December 2013 only one example remained registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (Free Spirit Mk II)

References

External links
 Photo of the prototype Free Spirit Mark II at AirVenture Oshkosh, 1995

Free Spirit Mk II
1990s United States sport aircraft
1990s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Brad Karp. Brad Nelson Karp is an American computer scientist, specializing in computer networks. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1992 and got his master's and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1995 and 2000 respectively, under the supervision of H. T. Kung. Later on he became a staff scientist at the Center for Internet Research and at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California where he worked until 2002. 
After working as a senior staff researcher at Intel Research of Pittsburgh and as an adjunct assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University, he moved in 2005 to University College London, where he is now a reader. In 2005, he was a winner of the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award.

References

External links
Google scholar profile
Brad Karp

Living people
20th-century births
American computer scientists
Yale University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Academics of University College London
Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holders
Year of birth missing (living people)
ARV Griffin. The ARV Griffin is a Canadian homebuilt aircraft that was designed by Dave Marsden of the University of Alberta and produced by Canada Air RV and later by AC Millennium Corp, both of Edmonton. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Both companies are out of business and production ended.

Design and development
The aircraft features a strut-braced high wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit accessed via doors, fixed tricycle landing gear, or, optionally conventional landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from sheet aluminum. Its  span high aspect ratio wing employs a Marsden-designed IARV 419 airfoil, mounts flaps and has a wing area of . Winglets were a factory option to improve low speed handling, lateral control and STOL performance. The cabin width is  and the wings detach for ground transportation or storage. The acceptable power range for the Griffin Mark III is  and the standard engines used are the  Continental O-200A,  Rotax 912,  Rotax 618 two-stroke or the  CAM 100 powerplants. Mounts were also available for the  Subaru EA81,  Lycoming O-235  and Suzuki engines.

The Griffin Mark III has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With a full fuel load of  the payload for pilot, passenger and baggage is . The seats are fully adjustable and removable.

The fitting of floats and skis was listed as being under development in 1998. The Mark III kit included all-aluminum parts cut and bent, with fuselage, wing and tail assemblies pre-jigged. The aircraft could be bought as four separate sub-kits. The manufacturer estimates the construction time from the supplied kit as 800 hours for the Mark III and 600 hours for the Mark IV.

Operational history
By 1998 the company reported that 18 kits had been sold and three aircraft were flying.

In December 2013 four were registered with Transport Canada and one in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration.

Variants
Griffin
Initial version developed by Canada Air RV, with gross weight of  and powered by a  Continental O-200A.
Griffin Mark III
Version produced by Canada Air RV and AC Millennium, with gross weight of  and powered by a  Continental O-200A,  Rotax 618 two-stroke,  Rotax 912 or   CAM 100.
Griffin Mark IV
Version produced by AC Millennium, with gross weight of , a wing area of  and powered by a  Lycoming O-320.

Specifications (Griffin Mark III)

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org
Photo of a Griffin Mark IV

Griffin
Griffin
1990s Canadian sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft