omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Stream crossing. This article covers crossings over small streams, not those over large rivers.
Stream crossings are the numerous instances where small perennial or intermittent streams are crossed by roads, pipelines, railways, or any other thing which might restrict the flow of the steam in ordinary or flood conditions. Crossings over any dry channel which might carry flood water is included. Any structure over or in a stream which results in limitations on the movement of fish or other ecological elements can be an issue.

Types
In addition to bridges and culverts streams may be crossed by fords, floodways, low-water crossings or even stepping stones.

Conveyance capacity
Often expressed in cubic feet per second (cfs), conveyance capacity is the amount of water a stream crossing structure will pass. The amount of water that can be predicted during flood conditions, such as a 100-year flood is one design consideration.

Failure to convey
If stream flow exceeds the capacity of the passage through the crossing or it is plugged by debris the crossing may be overtopped or the stream diverted down the road. This may result in substantial erosion as flood water cuts a gully on the side of road. Diversion occurs when a road slopes downward from a crossing and the height of the road exceeds the height of any outlet down the road. A sag (dip) in the road below the crossing may serve as a channel for over flow of excess water and prevent water from continuing down the road but is only practical on gentle slopes.

Structural integrity
What happens when a heavy truck passes over, or flood water plugs an opening with debris or overtops the structure.

Habitat continuity
Passage of wildlife, particularly fish such as salmon which spawn in streams, is a design consideration as is habitat continuity. In some jurisdictions, such as Massachusetts, these considerations may be incorporated into stream crossing regulations.

See also
Log bridges

References

Further reading
North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative (NAACC)
"An Economic  Analysis  of   Improved  Road‐Stream  Crossings" (Adirondack  Chapter of The Nature  Conservancy  August 2013)

River crossings
Gian-Carlo Pascutto. Gian-Carlo Pascutto (born 1982) is a Belgian computer programmer. He is the author of the chess engine Sjeng and Go software Leela, and the original author of the free and open-source Go software Leela Zero. Gian-Carlo also authored many core components of the foobar2000 media player.
	
He graduated from Hogeschool Gent in 2006, and has worked as a mobile platform engineer and manager at Mozilla Corporation since 2011.

Pascutto is a native of Ninove. He is married and has two children.

References

External links
GCP (Gian-Carlo Pascutto) on GitHub

1982 births
Living people
Belgian computer programmers
Computer chess people
Culcheth Laboratories. Culcheth Laboratories was a British metallurgical and nuclear research institute that researched the structural design of nuclear reactors and reactor pressure vessels in Culcheth, Cheshire, then in south Lancashire and now in the borough of Warrington.

History
The Reactor Materials Laboratory was established at Culcheth in 1950. The UKAEA's Safety and Reliability Directorate (SRD) stayed at Culcheth until 1995.

Function
It carried out work on reactors for the British civil and military (submarine fleet) nuclear energy programmes, investigating metallurgy. In the first ten years, it carried out research on materials for fast breeder reactors; it was the first time that niobium had been part of a fast breeder reactor. The site investigated fracture mechanics, nuclear reactor physics and hydraulics.

Work on irradiation of metals was also carried out with the School of Materials, University of Manchester and the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge.

Structure
Culcheth is just over one mile north of junction 11 of the M62 motorway on the A574.

It was administered by the Research and Development Branch of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA).

See also
 List of nuclear reactors

References

External links
 Local history

1950 establishments in England
1995 disestablishments in England
Chemical research institutes
Former nuclear research institutes
History of Warrington
Materials science institutes
Metallurgical industry of the United Kingdom
Metallurgical organizations
Nuclear research institutes in the United Kingdom
Research institutes established in 1950
Research institutes in Cheshire
Debjani Ghosh. Debjani Ghosh (born 30 October 1988) is a Bangladeshi-born researcher of the University of Ulm. Currently she is researching on how to create a new hybrid system of Zero emission of electric airliners. She is also working on the power generation management of the next generation of HY4. aircraft. She is the Asst. Lecturer of Power Electronics in University of Ulm in Germany. As fundamental research is very rare in Bangladesh, her research work is highly appreciated in a Bangladeshi leading news portal Prothom Alo.

Early life and education 

She was born to Dipok Kumar Ghosh and Indira Ghosh in October 30, 1988. She went to Aparnacharan school and Chittagong Cantonment Public College. She completed her B.Sc in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) from Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology and MSc in Electrical Power Engineering from RWTH Aachen University.

Career
She started her career as a lecturer in Premier University, Chittagong. Then went to Germany and did internship in Infineon Technologies. From the very beginning, her intention was to work with environment-friendly technology and renewable energy. So after completing M.Sc. from RWTH she joined the research team of Hy-4 project. Josef Kallo . is the chief researcher of this project.

On 29 September 2016, the HY4 aircraft took off its first official flight. from Stuttgart Airport. The HY4 is the world's first four-seat passenger aircraft powered solely by a hydrogen fuel cell system. A successful flight of a four-seat passenger plane, at the Stuttgart Airport in Germany, was completed on that day. Being a member of this research team she became part of the  history of civil aviation in the world.

She also runs a web portal German Probashe. She is the Vice-President (Culture), Editor of German Probashe. This portal win Deutsche Welle The BOBs Award, Peoples Choice Winner of User Award Bengali. in 2016.

References 

Academic staff of the University of Ulm
RWTH Aachen University alumni
Bangladeshi academics
Sustainable technologies
Environmental engineers
Electrical engineering academics
1988 births
Living people
Bangladeshi emigrants to Germany
William Savage Boulton. William Savage Boulton FGS (8 August 1867, Oldswinford, Worcestershire, UK – 1954) was an English geologist, mining engineer, and water engineer.

Boulton was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, Mason Science College, and the Royal College of Science. He was from 1890 to 1897 an assistant lecturer and demonstrator for Professor Charles Lapworth at Mason Science College. Boulton was then a professor of geology at University College, Cardiff from 1897 to 1913, when he went to the University of Birmingham as Lapworth's successor upon the latter's retirement in 1913. Boulton was Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Birmingham from 1926 to 1929. He was the editor of and a contributor to Practical Coal-Mining (6 vols.) and the author of many papers on geology and applications of geology to water supply and mining.

He was the president of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society from 1910 to 1911. He was the president of the Geological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1916. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1926.

Boulton married in 1898 and was the father of one son.

References

1867 births
1954 deaths
English geologists
Academics of Cardiff University
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Murchison Medal winners
Department of Public Health Engineering. Department of Public Health Engineering is a government agency responsible for providing and maintaining water and sewage lines in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka. The Department was headed by Chief Engineer and Engineer Tushar Mohan Sadhu Kha
is the present Chief Engineer of the Department.

History
The Department of Public Health Engineering was established in 1936 in East Bengal, British Raj. It is responsible for water and sewage lines in Bangladesh excluding the cities of Dhaka, Narayanganj and Chittagong which are managed by Water Supply and Sewerage Authority. Since 1993 the department has been responsible for monitoring arsenic in drinking water. The department is responsible for drilling drinking wells in rural areas of Bangladesh.

References

Government departments of Bangladesh
Government agencies of Bangladesh
1936 establishments in India
Organisations based in Dhaka
Veris Ltd. Veris (formerly OTOC) () is a spatial data services company in Australia.
It is said to be the largest provider of spatial data services.

History
Ocean to Outback Electrical was formed in 2003 by Adam Lamond and Ocean to Outback Contracting (OTOC) was established in 2008. It renamed to Veris in November 2016.

Projects
 Metro Tunnel Project
 WA Museum Boola Bardip
 Sunbury Line Upgrade
 Sydney Light Rail
 Epping Chatswood Rail Link
 Timbertop Estate
 Perth Airport
 Hydro Tasmania
 Launceston Model
 Australia 108

References

Engineering consulting firms of Australia
Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Service companies of Australia
Business services companies established in 2008
Australian companies established in 2008
Electravia GMPE 102. The Electravia GMPE 102 is a French electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Electravia of Vaumeilh.

By April 2018 the engine was no longer advertised on the company website and seems to be out of production.

Design and development
The GMPE 102 is a brushed 74 volt design producing , with a disk collector. It has a 93% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (GMPE 102)

See also

References

Aircraft electric engines
Electravia GMPE 104. The Electravia GMPE 104 is a French electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Electravia of Vaumeilh.

By April 2018 the engine was no longer advertised on the company website and seems to be out of production.

Design and development
The GMPE 104 is a brushed design producing , with a disk collector. It has a 93% efficiency.

Specifications (GMPE 104)

See also

References

Aircraft electric engines
Electravia GMPE 205. The Electravia GMPE 205 is a French electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Electravia of Vaumeilh.

By April 2018, the engine was no longer advertised on the company website and seems to be out of production.

Design and development
The GMPE 205 is a brushed 111 volt design producing , with a disk collector. It has a 93% efficiency and uses a poly V-belt reduction drive.

Specifications (GMPE 205)

See also

References

Aircraft electric engines
Electric Aircraft Corporation Electra 1. The Electric Aircraft Corporation Electra 1 is an American electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Electric Aircraft Corporation of Cliffside Park, New Jersey.

The engine is normally sold in a package that includes "motor, electronic controller, power dial and switch, fuse, connectors, ammeter and shunt, voltmeter, custom machined propeller hub, and digital motor temperature display with probe."

Design and development
The Electra 1 is a brushed 74 volt design producing .  It has an 85% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Applications
Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer Trike

Specifications (Electra 1)

See also

References

External links

Aircraft electric engines
Joint Expert Speciation System. Joint Expert Speciation System (JESS) is a package of computer software and data developed collaboratively at Murdoch University and elsewhere by researchers interested in the chemical thermodynamics of water solutions with important applications in industry, biochemistry, medicine and the environment. Using information from the chemical literature, stored in databases for numerous chemical properties, JESS achieves coherence between frequently conflicting sources by automatic methods.

JESS places a strong emphasis on the concept of chemical speciation (i.e. the identity and relative abundance of different chemical entities which may be present), which can be predicted from known stability constants of metal-ligand complexes. Characteristic quantities for water solutions such as solubilities, equilibrium constants, activity coefficients, heat capacities and densities can be calculated from changes in the chemical speciation.

Recent examples of practical problems that can be investigated by JESS include kidney stones (mineral precipitation and dissolution in the kidney) and Wilson’s disease (copper physiology in the human eye).

At the core of the software package is a thermodynamic database called the ‘JESS Parent Database’ (JPD). JPD now comprises over 80,000 chemical reactions for which some 280,000 equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters have been recorded from the chemical literature. Over 70,000 distinct chemical species are involved. The whole contents of this database in a set of associated PDF documents, which have been specifically prepared for free, widespread scientific dissemination, are available at the Zenodo repository.

References

External links
 

Chemistry software
Emrax 207. The Emrax 207 is a Slovenian electric motor for powering electric aircraft and other applications, designed and produced by Emrax d.o.o of Kamnik. The company was formerly called Enstroj and based in Radomlje.

By April 2018 the engine was no longer advertised on the company website and seems to be out of production.

Design and development
The Emrax 207 is a brushless design producing , with an outrunner coil. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (Emrax 207)

See also

References

Aircraft electric engines
Emrax 228. The Emrax 228 is a Slovenian electric motor for powering electric aircraft and other applications, designed and produced by Emrax d.o.o of Kamnik. The company was formerly called Enstroj and based in Radomlje.

Design and development
The Emrax 228 is a brushless 130 volt design producing a peak of ,  continuous, with an outrunner coil. It has a 98% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (Emrax 228)

See also

References

External links

Aircraft electric engines
Emrax 268. The Emrax 268 is a Slovenian electric motor for powering electric aircraft and other applications, designed and produced by Emrax d.o.o of Kamnik. The company was formerly called Enstroj and based in Radomlje.

Design and development
The Emrax 268 is a brushless 250 volt design producing a peak of ,  continuous, with an outrunner coil. It has a 98% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (Emrax 268)

See also

References

External links

Aircraft electric engines
Maharaja Agrasen Himalayan Garhwal University. Maharaja Agrasen Himalayan Garhwal University (abbreviated as MAHGU; formerly Himalayan Garhwal University) is an Indian private university located in Pauri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand. MAHGU was established vide the Act No. 33 of 2016 of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly.

Courses offered
The university offers several undergraduate and postgraduate level courses and programs in science, arts, engineering, IT, management, law, design, etc. including doctoral programs in the same.

Awards 
 Awarded Best University in North India for Industry Interface 2022  (CEGR).
 Awarded with title "Best University for Hilly Region 2022" for outstanding contribution to Education, Skill and Research by India International Centre, New Delhi during 6th National Excellence Award Ceremony 2022 on 30 July 2022.

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Uttarakhand
Private universities in India
2016 establishments in Uttarakhand
Universities and colleges established in 2016
Pauri Garhwal district
Geiger HDP 13.5. The Geiger HDP 13.5 is a German electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Geiger Engineering of Seigendorf, Hirschaid, Oberfranken.

Design and development
The HDP 13.5 is a brushless 58 volt design producing , with an outrunner coil.  It has a 93% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (HDP 13.5)

See also

References

External links

Aircraft electric engines
Geiger HDP 10. The Geiger HDP 10 is a German electric motor for powering electric aircraft, designed and produced by Geiger Engineering of Seigendorf, Hirschaid, Oberfranken.

Design and development
The HDP 10 is a brushless 58 volt design producing  at 1950 rpm, with an outrunner coil.  It has a 93% efficiency. The low working rpm of the engine means that it can turn a propeller at efficient speeds without the need for a reduction drive.

Specifications (HDP 10)

See also

References

External links

Aircraft electric engines
Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer. Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering heat transfer and mass transfer. It is published by Tech Science Press and the editor-in-chief is Chun Yang of Nanyang Technological University.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Emerging Sources Citation Index, Ei Compendex, and Scopus.

References

External links

Engineering journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 2010
Continuous journals
Diacylhydrazine insecticide. The diacylhydrazines, also known  as bisacylhydrazines (BAHs) or dibenzoylhydrazines are appropriately substituted derivatives of dibenzoyl hydrazine. They do not immediately kill the insect, but produces premature unsuccessful moulting, which then causes the death of the insect. BAHs thus belong to the class of insect growth regulators. 

The insecticidal activity of RH-5849 was discovered serendipitously in 1984 at Rohm and Haas, who later commercialised tebufenozide methoxyfenozide, and halofenozide. Later other companies commercialised chromafenozide and fufenozide. The EPA removed halofenozide from the market in 2012 on the request of the manufacturer. BAHs were estimated to account for ca 1% of the 18.4-billion-dollar 2018 global pesticide market.

BAHs are used against lepidoptera, with some applications against coleopteran and dipteran pests. Many plants produce chemicals (phytoecdysteroids) which use this mode of action to kill insects.

BAHs act by agonising the ecdysone receptor. Crystal structures of BAHs bound to the ecdysone receptor were obtained.

BAHs show low mammalian and environmental toxicity. Methoxyfenozide was given a presidential green chemistry award in 1998. Both tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide were registered by the EPA under its Reduced Risk Pesticide Program.

References

Insecticides
Hydrazides
Breitling Aerospace. Breitling Aerospace is a multifunction chronograph pilot’s watch with a hybrid analog/digital layout  launched by Breitling SA in 1985.

The earliest versions of the Aerospace are 40mm titanium.

The watch complications are all controlled via a small crown at the three o’clock position. 

The original reference number was 80360,  which displays “Navitimer” on the dial and has a titanium bracelet.

References

Watch models
Breitling SA
1985 introductions
Ratcheting. In continuum mechanics, ratcheting, or ratchetting, also known as cyclic creep, is a behavior in which plastic deformation accumulates due to cyclic mechanical or thermal stress.

In an article written by J. Bree in 1967, the phenomenon of ratcheting is described as "Unsymmetric cycles of stress between prescribed limits will cause progressive ‘creep’ or ‘ratchet(t)ing’ in the direction of the mean stress".  Ratcheting is a progressive, incremental inelastic deformation characterized by a shift of the stress-strain hysteresis loop along the strain axis. When the amplitude of cyclic stresses exceed the elastic limit, the plastic deformation that occurs keep accumulating paving way for a catastrophic failure of the structure. Nonlinear kinematic hardening, which occurs when the stress state reaches the yield surface, is considered as the main mechanism behind ratcheting. Several factors influences the extent of ratcheting including the load condition, mean stress, stress amplitude, stress ratio, load history, plastic slip, dislocation movement, and cells deformations.

The effect of structural ratcheting can sometimes be represented in terms of the Bree diagram. 
Alternative material models have been proposed to simulate ratcheting, such as Chaboche, Ohno-Wang, Armstrong–Frederick, etc.

Ratcheting is a significant effect to be considered to check permanent deformation in systems which undergoes a cyclic loading. Common examples of such repetitive stresses include sea waves, road traffic, and earthquakes. Initially it was studied to inspect the permanent deformation of thin, nuclear fuel cans with an internal pressure and temperature gradient while undergoing repetitive non-zero mean stresses.

References 

Continuum mechanics
 
Solid mechanics
Deformation (mechanics)