omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Paul Y. Engineering. Paul Y. Engineering () is a Hong Kong construction and civil engineering company.

History
The company was founded by Paul Yung Tso (1904 – 1978), after whom the company was named, in Shanghai in 1946. It moved to Hong Kong in 1949 due to the Chinese Communist Revolution. It was incorporated in Hong Kong as a private limited company on 27 May 1960.

A Singapore office was established in 1953. The company built the Merdeka Bridge, opened 1956.

In 1970, Paul Y. went public on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Paul Y. Holdings was acquired by International Tak Cheung Holdings in 1991. The name of the company was changed to Paul Y. – ITC Construction. The name of the company was changed to Paul Y. Engineering Group in 2005.

In 2011, Paul Y. Incorporated in Singapore as Paul Y. Construction & Engineering Pte. Ltd, and started embarking on Condominium and Hotel Building Projects.

Notable projects
 Merdeka Bridge, Singapore (1956)
 Former Chartered Bank Headquarters, Central, Hong Kong (1959)
 Lai Chi Kok Bridge, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong (1968)
 Cross-Harbour Tunnel, Hong Kong (1972)
 Kai Tak Airport runway extension (1974)
 Central–Mid-Levels escalator, Central, Hong Kong (1993)
 Ting Kau Bridge, New Territories, Hong Kong (1998)
 Cheung Kong Centre, Central, Hong Kong (1999) – with Downer Group
 Tung Chung East Station, Hong Kong (2029) – with CRCC

References

External links
 

1946 establishments in China
Construction and civil engineering companies of Hong Kong
Nikolay Nikolaevich Andreev. Nikolay Nikolaevich Andreev (; 31 January 1929 –  26 December 2006) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of cryptography.

Biography 
He was born in 1929 in Moscow.

In 1951 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Immediately after graduation he went to work in the KGB of the USSR. In 1953 he graduated from the Higher School of Cryptographers of the Main Directorate of the Special Service (GUSS) under the CPSU Central Committee.

He made great contributions to the information security of the USSR and to the development of cryptographic science and cryptographic service. He was one of the founders of engineering cryptography (electronic cryptanalysis), and a participant in the decoding of dozens of foreign ciphers.

From 1975 to 1991 Andreev was the head of the 8th Main Directorate of the KGB. The department dealt with the protection of technical means of communication and the creation of ciphers.

After the collapse of the USSR, Andreev was one of the initiators of the creation of the Russian intelligence agency FAPSI. Since 1991 - First Deputy Director General of FAPSI under the President of the Russian Federation. He resigned from service in 1994.

From 1992 to 1998, he was president of the Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation. Andreev was also the author of a large number of scientific papers and publications, almost all of which are not subject to open publication. He was awarded orders and medals of the USSR and the Russian Federation.

Laureate of the Lenin Prize. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR.

Literature 
 Encyclopedia of the secret services of Russia. Moscow: Astrel, 2004.

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Russian cryptographers
1929 births
2006 deaths
Nikolai Vladimirovich Astakhov. Nikolai Vladimirovich Astakhov (; 15 November 1921 – 4 November 2001) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of Acoustical engineering, professor.

Biography 
He was born in 1921 in the Tula Oblast.

In 1939 he entered the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and began his studies at the electromechanical faculty, specializing in Electrical Machines.

He interrupted his studies due to the World War II. From June 1941 to May 1945, he fought in aviation in the Western, 3rd Baltic and Stalingrad fronts. He was awarded military orders of the Red Star, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, medals "For Military Merit","For Victory over Germany", "For the Defense of Stalingrad", "For the Defense of Moscow".

After the war he continued his studies at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, which he graduated in 1952 and where ha started his work as a teacher.

He carried out research work related to the reduction of noise and vibration for the submarines of the Soviet Navy, he created the first "drowned out" camera, through which the vibro-acoustic tests of electrical machines were conducted.

He studied the problems of vibration and noise that arose in electric machines under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The result of the research was the development of a methodology for the design of machines of different types, which would have a different set level of vibration and noise.

He was engaged in teaching and social activities.

Literature 
 МЭИ:история, люди, годы:сборник воспоминаний. В 3 томах. Под общей редакцией С.В.Серебрянникова. Том I // — Москва: Издательский дом МЭИ, 2010. — 544 с. — .

References 

1921 births
2001 deaths
Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Russian mechanical engineers
Soviet engineers
Igor Sokolov (scientist). Igor Sokolov () (born 1954) is a Russian scientist, Dr. Sc., Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences professor at the MSU CMC and Moscow Technological University (MIREA), director of the Institute for Informatics Problems. Acting Dean of the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics at Moscow State University (MSU CMC).

Biography 
He graduated from the faculty MSU CMC (1976).

He defended the thesis «Basics of construction of large-scale telecommunication systems of dual application» for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences (1998).

Was awarded the title of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2003), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008).

Author of 3 books and more than 30 scientific articles.

Area of scientific interests: information technology, modeling of information flows in financial applications, development of applied mathematical methods, methods of monitoring communication networks.

References

External links
 Russian Academy of Sciences
 MSU CMC
 Scientific works of Igor Sokolov
 Scientific works of Igor Sokolov

Russian computer scientists
1954 births
Living people
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Moscow State University alumni
Four new inventions. The term Four new inventions () is a slogan promoted by Chinese state media, drawing inspiration from the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. In 2017, Chinese state media began asserting that mainland China "invented" high-speed rail, mobile payment, e-commerce, and bike-sharing. However, none of these "four new inventions" were originally invented in mainland China.

High-speed rail 
High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail systems, utilizing an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. The European Union defines "high-speed" as a minimum of 250 km/h on new tracks and 200 km/h on older tracks. The world's first high-speed train, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen in Japan, began service in 1964 with a maximum speed of 210 km/h.

In mainland China, "high-speed" is defined as a design speed of at least 250 km/h, with a minimum operational speed of 200 km/h during initial service. In 2008, the first Chinese high-speed railway, the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway, began operations. By 2016, China claimed to have the largest high-speed rail system in the world.

E-commerce 
E-commerce was invented in 1979 by Michael Aldrich. The first online store, NetMarket, was launched in 1994.

E-commerce in mainland China began in 1999 with platforms like Dangdang and Joyo.com (now Amazon China). In 2003, Jack Ma founded Taobao, followed by the establishment of 360buy (now JD.com) in 2004.

Mobile payment 
Mobile payment generally refers to payment services that are operated under financial regulations and conducted using a mobile device. The concept originated in Finland in 1997.

In mainland China, mobile payments began in the early 21st century, with Alipay and WeChat Pay being the most prominent platforms. According to statistics, the market penetration of mobile payments is 77% in mainland China, compared to 48% in the United States and 27% in Japan.

Bike-sharing 
A bike-sharing system is a service that provides bicycles for short-term use at a fee. The first bike-sharing system, known as the "White Bicycle Plan," was introduced in Amsterdam in 1965.

In mainland China, the bike-sharing system began with Ofo in 2014, followed by Mobike in 2015.

References 

2017 in China
Propaganda in China
Yuriy Nikolayevich Astakhov. Yuriy Nikolayevich Astakhov (; born in 1929) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of Electric power system, professor.

Biography 
He was born in 1929.

In 1957 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. After graduation, he remained to study and work at the institute. In 1986 he defended his doctoral dissertation. He received a scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, academic title of professor.

Area of scientific interests: complex electric power systems, applications in power systems of energy storage.

Under the guidance of the scientist, more than forty candidate dissertations were prepared and successfully defended, a scientific school on electrical engineering was established in the Vinnitsa Polytechnic Institute.

Astakhov at various times was a member of the Scientific and Methodological Council under the administration of the All-Union Society "Znanie", the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on the complex problem "Scientific fundamentals of electrophysics and electric power engineering", sections of electrical engineering and energy of the Scientific and Technical Council of the State Committee for National Education of the USSR, member of the Presidium Scientific - methodological council for higher electric power equipment, participated in the work of several councils for awarding academic degrees.

Has received 19 copyright certificates and eight patents, is the author of about 150 scientific works including two monographs and three teaching aids.

Literature 
 Energy storage in electrical systems: [Proc. allowance for electricity. specialist. universities] / Yu. N. Astakhov, VA Venikov, AG Ter-Ghazaryan. - М.: Высш. Shk., 1989. - 158, [1] p. : :

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Soviet engineers
1929 births
Living people
Vladimir Balagurov. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Balagurov () was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of Electromechanics, professor.

Biography 
In 1937 he entered the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. After graduation he stayed to study and work at the institute.

The direction of his Ph.D. and D.Sc. theses related to the theory and practice of high-voltage ignition devices. The results of these works are contained in the monograph "Apparatus ignition." His activities and the work carried out by his students are related to the theory and practice of using magnetoelectric machines.

In 1959, Vladimir Balagurov was awarded the academic title of professor. Among his students there are hundreds of engineers and dozens of candidates of science. The books he wrote are used by graduates of higher educational institutions. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Balagurov for more than 20 years was the head of the problem laboratory of permanent magnets in MPEI.

The creation in the problem laboratory of permanent magnets of the scientific school of gate electromechanics is connected with his work at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.

He died after a serious illness in 1985.

Literature 
 Electric generators with permanent magnets / VA Balagurov, FF Galteev. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1988. - 279, [1] p. : yl; 21 cm;

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Russian engineers
Soviet engineers
1985 deaths
Tasoltan Tazretovich Basiev. Tasoltan Tazretovich Basiev (; 1947 – 2012) was a Soviet and Russian scientist and professor in the field of photonics.

Early life 
Basiev was born in 1947 in Moscow.

He graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1972. After graduation, he started working at the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1984, Basiev went defended his doctoral dissertation "Selective laser spectroscopy of activated crystals and glasses".

He created fluoride laser nano-ceramics and the mono crystal laser, which is a solid-state laser with an energy of more than 100 Joules (100 ns), that had a peak power of more than 200 GW (500 fs). He developed new SRS crystals and lasers. He established the quadruple mechanism of coherent entanglement in nanoclusters and weakened coherence. Those are methods for nanophotonics of RE ions in laser crystals and glasses.

He is the author and co-author of 412 scientific works, 36 of which are reviews, 4 monographs and earned 28 patents.

Recognition 
Basiev was a member of the RAS Commission on Prizes for Young Scientists of the Russian Federation, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules, the editorial board of Optical Materials and Quantum Electronics and a Ph.D. Member of the American Optical Society.

Literature 
 Четырехволновая генерация ВКР-компонент излучения в кристаллах BaWO4 и SrWO4 при пикосекундном возбуждении -Т. Т. Басиев, М. Е. Дорошенко, Л. И. Ивлева, С. Н. Сметанин, М. Елинек, В. Кубечек, Х. Елинкова
 Безрезонаторная стохастическая лазерная генерация в нанокомпозитной среде – С. Н. Сметанин, Т. Т. Басиев
 Cинхронизация четырехволновых взаимодействий ВКР-компонент в двулучепреломляющих ВКР-кристаллах – С. Н. Сметанин, Т. Т. Басиев
 Кинетика сверхбыстрого миграционно-ускоренного тушения в наночастицах – Н. А. Глушков, Т. Т. Басиев, И. Т. Басиева

References

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Soviet engineers
1947 births
2012 deaths
IBM System/370 Model 148. The IBM System/370 Model 148 (and the Model 138) were both announced June 30, 1976

Not only were they both more powerful and better in price/performance than the IBM System/370 Model 145 with a 3145-3 CPU and the IBM System/370 Model 135 with a 3135-3 CPU, respectively, but lower in price.

The 148 and 138, both of which were withdrawn November 1, 1983, were marketed as followups for those wishing to upgrade, respectively, their 370/145 and 370/135 systems.

Expanded capabilities
The 148 had four times the reloadable control storage of the 145, enabling or enhancing features such as:
 APL Assist
 Extended Control Program Support - going beyond the language-specific APL Assist, this had wider scope, reducing CPU cycles needed to run the operating system.

The 3148 (and the 3138) had a built in service processor, aka known as an IOC, this service processor could directly attach a 3203 printer. The IOC also drives an IBM 3277 display console, whereas the older 3145 used an IBM 3215 typewriter console. 

A new model of the IBM 3203 printer family, the Model 4, was announced. Rated at 1200 lines/minute (LPM), it was intended to provide already-available 1200 LPM printing, but in a more compact form.

Field upgrades
Sometimes known as in-the-field upgrades, this is a capability that even recently was not universal.

IBM could upgrade a 370/145 that had been field-upgraded to a 145-2, resulting in a 145-3. This was a major accomplishment, compared to what is known as a "forklift upgrade" out with the old, in with the new, often consuming valuable time.

Marketing considerations
An industry research firm said "may be described as early 380s programmed to act like 370s"

See also
 List of IBM products
 IBM System/360
 IBM System/370

References

IBM System/360 mainframe line
Computer-related introductions in 1976
Gibson–Fawcett Award. The Gibson–Fawcett Award is awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry every two years to recognise outstanding work in the field of materials chemistry. In particular, the emphasis is on the originality and independence of the work carried out. The prize was established in 2008 and is awarded by the Materials Chemistry Division Awards Committee. It can only be given to researchers under age 40. The award was discontinued in 2020.

History
The award is named after Reginald Gibson and Eric Fawcett, eminent chemists who worked together with Anton Michels on the study of the role of high pressure in chemical reactions. This led to the discovery of polyethylene.

Winners

See also

 List of chemistry awards

References

Awards of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Awards established in 2008
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Anatoly Basistov. Anatoly Georgievich Basistov (; 23 Oktober, 1920 – 16 September 1998) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of radio engineering and electronics. Hero of Socialist Labour.

Biography 
He was born in 1920 in the Saratov.

From 1938 to 1941 he studied at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, then, because of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he moved to the Leningrad Air Force Academy of the Red Army, which he graduated in 1944. From August 1944 in the army he fought as navigator of the aviation regiment.

After the war ended, he remained in the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Since 1950, he worked in the KB-1 of the Ministry of Defense Industry, then at the Ministry of Radio Industry's CB to create air defense systems, where he took part in the development of the multi-channel anti-aircraft anti-aircraft defense system of Moscow.

Since 1968 he worked at the Vympel Special Design Bureau (OKB) on the development of anti-missile defense (ABM) systems, participated in the development of the S-200 multi-channel long-range anti-aircraft missile system.

For the development of the complex S-200, received the title of Hero of Socialist Labour.

The main scientific works are devoted to improving the efficiency of signal filtering and the resolution of radar systems; the development of multifunctional missile defense information systems based on radar facilities and optoelectronic devices controlled by high-performance ground and on-board computers; the development of complexes of control systems of aircraft, affecting air and space objects.

References

Further reading 
 Russian Shield: missile defense systems (Russian)

External links 
 Chief designer of the Russian anti-missile defense system - Anatoly Georgievich Basistov - History of the creation of the Russian anti-missile defense system (Russian)

1920 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Russian engineers
Scientists from Saratov
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Medal of Zhukov
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Soviet engineers
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
Yury Matveyevich Bayakovsky. Yury Matveyevich Bayakovsky (; 5 November 1937 -  17 June 2014) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of Computer graphics, Candidate of Sciences.

Biography 
He was born in 1928 in the Lobva.

In 1960 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Faculty of Automation and Computer Engineering. After graduation I went to work at the Institute of Applied Mathematics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the position of computer engineer "M-20".

He participated in the debugging of the machine "Spring" and preparing it for state tests.

In the late 1960s, under the guidance of Bayakovsky, the development of a graphic programs library on Fortran Grafor began.

In 1990 he was admitted to the "Computer Graphics Pioneers Club" ACM SIGGRAPH. In 1991 he first helped organize the international "Graphicon" conference - conducted jointly with the American group SIGGRAPH of the Association for Computing Machinery.

Literature 
 Bayakovsky Y., Pervitsky A. Fundamentals on computer graphics and multimedia // GraphiCon. — 1996.
 Bayakovsky Y. Computer Graphics Education Takes Off in the 1990s // Computer Graphics. — 1996. — Т. 30, № 3.
 Штаркман В.С., Баяковский Ю.М. Машинная графика. — Препринт ИПМ АН СССР. — Москва: ИПМ, 1970.
 Баяковский Ю.М., Галактионов В.А. Графические протоколы // Автометрия. — 1978. — № 5. — С. 3—12.
 Баяковский Ю.М., Галактионов В.А., Михайлова Т.Н. Графор. Графическое расширение фортрана. — Москва: Наука, 1985.

References 

Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Soviet engineers
1937 births
2014 deaths
Nikolai Belov (engineer). Nikolai Semyonovich Belov (; 25 April 1908 – 1972) was a Soviet scientist in the field of hydroelectricity awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labour.

Early life 
Nikolai Semyonovich Belov was born in 1908 in the Kazan Governorate.

As a Komsomol activist, he was sent to study in Moscow at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, where he graduated from in 1935.

Career 
Beginning in 1947, he worked as the dispatcher on the power plant-5 "Mosenergo". He was appointed engineer of Shaturskaya GRES. Later, he served as the chief engineer of the Cheboksary SDPP, the director of Dalenergo, the manager of the Far Eastern energy system and the director of Kuzbassenergo of the Kemerovo Oblast. Under his leadership, an electrical system was installed at the South Kuzbass, Tom-Usinskaya, Belovskaya GRES, Novo-Kemerovo and West-Siberian CHP.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 4, 1966, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin, for outstanding achievements in fulfilling the seven-year plan for the development of the country's energy.

Bibliography 

 Гулый, П., Воплощая мечту Ильича / П. Гулый // Наши земляки — Герои Социалистического Труда. — Чебоксары, 1971. — С. 216—220.
 Мадебейкин, И. Н., Белов Николай Семенович/ Краткая чувашская энциклопедия. — Чебоксары. 2001. — С. 85.
 Мадебейкин, И. Н., Белов Николай Семенович // Чувашская энциклопедия. — Чебоксары, 2006. — Т. 1 : А-Е. — С. 200.
 Шаги пятилетки : Кузбасс, год 1966. Выпуск восьмой. — Кемерово : Кем. кн. изд-во, 1967. — С. 150;
 Герои Социалистического Труда // Историческая энциклопедия Сибири : в 3 т. / Российская академия наук, Сибирское отделение, Институт истории; [рук. проекта акад. РАН А. П. Деревянко; гл. ред. В. А. Ламин; отв. ред. В. И. Клименко]. — Новосибирск : Историческое наследие Сибири, 2009. — [Т. 3] : С — Я. — 2009. — С. 707—778;
 Бритвин, О. Память о выдающемся энергетике: 100 лет Николаю Семеновичу Белову / О. Бритвин // Кузбасс. — 2008. — 24 апр. — С. 25 : фото.
 Энергетик от Бога // Кругозор в Кузбассе. — 2008. — 14 мая. — С. 4 : фото;

References 

1908 births
1972 deaths
People from Mariinsko-Posadsky District
People from Cheboksarsky Uyezd
Soviet engineers
Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Women Who Weld. Women Who Weld is a nonprofit organization based in Detroit, Michigan. Women Who Weld teaches women how to weld and find employment in the welding industry through intensive and introductory welding training programs, including Week-Long Intensive Welding Training Classes and Single-Day Introductory Workshops.

Information
Women Who Weld was founded by Samantha Farrugia, who learned how to weld while attending the University of Michigan for her master's degree in the Taubman College of
Architecture and Urban Planning.

The organization has been featured in The Atlantic, Architectural Digest, the Detroit Free Press, the Record-Eagle, InStyle Magazine, and more.

References

External links

Wire Drawing Dies

Welding organizations
Organizations based in Detroit
2013 establishments in the United States
Women in Detroit