omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Attenuation (disambiguation). Attenuation is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium, including:

 Acoustic attenuation, the loss of sound energy in a viscous medium
 Anelastic attenuation factor, a way to describe attenuation of seismic energy in the Earth

Attenuation (or verb attenuate) may also refer to:
 Attenuation (botany)
 Attenuation (brewing), the percent of sugar converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide by the yeast in brewing
 Attenuation coefficient, a basic quantity used in calculations of the penetration of materials by quantum particles or other energy beams
 Mass attenuation coefficient, a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per unit mass
 Regression attenuation or Regression dilution, a cause of statistical bias
 The process of producing an attenuated vaccine by reducing the virulence of a pathogen
 Attenuation constant, the real part of the propagation constant
 Attenuator (genetics), form of regulation in prokaryotic cells.

See also 
 Attenuation distortion
 Attenuator (disambiguation)
Banner grabbing. Banner grabbing is a technique used to gain information about a computer system on a network and the services running on its open ports. Administrators can use this to take inventory of the systems and services on their network. However, an intruder can use banner grabbing in order to find network hosts that are running versions of applications and operating systems with known exploits.

Some examples of service ports used for banner grabbing are those used by Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP); ports 80, 21, and 587 respectively. Tools commonly used to perform banner grabbing are Telnet, Nmap and Netcat.

For example, one could establish a connection to a target web server using Netcat, then send an HTTP request. The response will typically contain information about the service running on the host:

[root@prober]# nc www.targethost.com 80
HEAD / HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 11 May 2009 22:10:40 EST
Server: Apache/2.0.46 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux)
Last-Modified: Thu, 16 Apr 2009 11:20:14 PST
ETag: "1986-69b-123a4bc6"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 1110
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html

This information may be used by an administrator to catalog this system, or by an intruder to narrow down a list of applicable exploits.

To prevent this, network administrators should restrict access to services on their networks and shut down unused or unnecessary services running on network hosts.

Shodan is a search engine for banners grabbed from port scanning the Internet.

References 
 McClure, Stuart et al. Hacking Exposed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2005.

Computer network security
Electromagnetic therapy. Electromagnetic therapy or electromagnetic field therapy is therapy involving the use of electromagnetic radiation to alter neuronal activity.
This subfield of neurotherapy uses medical devices, such as magnets or electromagnets to treat mental and physical health disorders in patients.

Types include :
Bioelectromagnetics, the study of how electromagnetic fields interact with and influence biological processes.
Electrotherapy, the use of electrical or electromagnetic energy in medicine;
Electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine), the use of electromagnetic radiation to treat disease. Evidence of efficacy is lacking.
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, or PEMF, the use of weak electromagnetic fields to initiate osteogenesis.
Alternating electric field therapy, also known as "Tumor Treating Fields", the use of electric fields as an anti-mitotic therapy for cancer patients.

See also
Magnet therapy, use of static magnetic fields with the aim of treating disease. Evidence of efficacy is lacking.
Neurotherapy

References

Medical procedures
Electromagnetism
Nikil Dutt. Nikil Dutt is a Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at University of California, Irvine, United States. Professor Dutt's research interests are in embedded systems, electronic design automation, computer architecture, optimizing compilers, system specification techniques, distributed systems, and formal methods.

Biography
Born and raised in Gangtok, Sikkim, India, Dutt received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989. He received a B.E.(Hons) in Mechanical Engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India in 1980, an M.S. in Computer Science from the Pennsylvania State University in 1983. In 1989, he joined UC-Irvine as an Assistant Professor of Computer science. He is affiliated with Center for Embedded Computer Systems (CECS), California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), the Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing (CPCC), and the Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing and Interaction (LUCI).

Academic life
His research has been recognized by Best Paper Awards and Best Paper Award Nominations at several conferences. Dutt currently serves as Associate Editor of Association for Computing Machinery Transactions on Embedded Computer Systems (TECS) and of IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems (TVLSI).

In 2007, he was selected as ACM distinguished scientist and in 2008 an IEEE fellow. He was a keynote speaker at several conferences. Dutt served as Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES) between 2004–2008.

He currently lives in Irvine, California with his family.

Awards
 2014. ACM Fellow.
 For contributions to embedded architecture exploration, and service to electronic design automation and embedded systems.

Books
 High-Level Synthesis: Introduction to Chip and System Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992
 Memory Issues in Embedded Systems-on-Chip: Optimizations and Exploration, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999
 Memory Architecture Exploration for Programmable Embedded Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003
 SPARK: A Parallelizing Approach to the High-Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits, by Sumit Gupta, Rajesh K. Gupta, Nikil Dutt, Alex Nicolau, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004
 Functional Validation of Programmable Embedded Architectures: A Top-Down Approach, Springer-Verlag, 2005
 On-chip Communication Architectures: Current Practice, Research and Future Trends, Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Systems-on-Silicon Series, 2008
 Processor Description Languages: Applications and Methodologies," Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier Systems-on-Silicon Series, 2008.

References

External links
 Computer Engineering Academic Genealogy

Living people
Indian emigrants to the United States
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni
American computer scientists
American male writers of Indian descent
Computer science writers
University of California, Irvine faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Formal methods people
American academic journal editors
1958 births
RailRunner (company). RailRunner N.A., Inc. is a company that designs and produces rail vehicles (bogies) as well as a specialized chassis and trailers that allow trailers and cargo containers to be shipped on rail as well as road, thus achieving intermodal transport.

RailRunner has positioned their technology as a freight transportation alternative that is comparable in service but decreases fuel and carbon usage, as rail traffic consumes less energy per distance traveled than road traffic.

The technology is being evaluated in multiple markets, including in Africa, Europe, and India where less established transportation networks make intermodal transport more important.

References
 http://www.allbusiness.com/transportation/freight-package-postal-shipping/5205219-1.html
 http://www.worldcargonews.com/htm/n20080911.674219.htm
 http://www.railrunner.com

Companies based in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Companies established in 1996
Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon No. 37396. Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon, U.S. Navy Bureau Number 37396 , civil registration N7265C, named "Hot Stuff", is located at 3867 N. Aviation Way, Mount Comfort, Indiana. The aircraft, an intact example of a World War II anti-submarine patrol bomber, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 2009. It was built in 1945 by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, and is one of only 104 built of this PV-2 variant of the Lockheed Ventura. At the time of its listing, it was the only complete, operable example of a PV-2 in the United States, although one was being restored in Wisconsin. While this particular plane did not see combat, the type was used in the Aleutian Islands during World War II. The property was the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of May 1, 2009.

See also 
 Lockheed Ventura

References

External links
 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for this aircraft

Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Individual aircraft of World War II
Lockheed aircraft
National Register of Historic Places in Hancock County, Indiana
Bioelectrospray. Bio-electrospraying is a technology that enables the deposition of living cells on various targets with a resolution that depends on cell size and not on the jetting phenomenon. It is envisioned that "unhealthy cells would draw a different charge at the needle from healthy ones, and could be identified by the mass spectrometer", with tremendous implications in the health care industry.

The early versions of bio-electrosprays were employed in several areas of research, most notably self-assembly of carbon nanotubes. Although the self-assembly mechanism is not clear yet, "elucidating electrosprays as a competing nanofabrication route for forming self-assemblies with a wide range of nanomaterials in the nanoscale for top-down based bottom-up assembly of structures." Future research may reveal important interactions between migrating cells and self-assembled nanostructures. Such nano-assemblies formed by means of this top-down approach could be explored as a bottom-up methodology for encouraging cell migration to those architectures for forming cell patterns to nano-electronics, which are a few examples, respectively.

After initial exploration with a single protein, increasingly complex systems were studied by bio-electrosprays. These include, but are not limited to, neuronal cells, stem cells, and even whole embryos. The potential of the method was demonstrated by investigating cytogenetic and physiological changes of human lymphocyte cells as well as conducting comprehensive genetic, genomic and physiological state studies of human cells and cells of the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

See also 
 Electrospray ionization

References

Electric and magnetic fields in matter
Biological techniques and tools
Equipment
Mistral Engines. Mistral Engines SA was a Swiss developer and manufacturer of wankel rotary aviation light aircraft, helicopter and unmanned military vehicle engines. Its headquarters was in Geneva, Switzerland and was majority owned by DEA General Aviation, a Chinese company based in Guangdong. A wholly owned subsidiary company was headquartered in DeLand, Florida.

History 
Mistral Engines formed in 2001 in Switzerland with the purpose of developing engines for light aircraft and helicopters.

The CEO of Mistral Engines was Phillippe Durr, and in March 2010, Ana Fontes became the company’s Marketing and Americas Sales Director.

In March 2010, Mistral announced that it had made significant progress toward the FAA certification of its new 300 horsepower, G-300 engine, but on 9 June, due to lack of financial support from investors, Mistral had to cease the development and certification of its G-300 engine.

Heli Air Design, a helicopter manufacturer from France, used the Mistral G200 rotary engine for its two seat ultralight helicopter Helineo, which was launched in 2012.

In 2014, Mistral Engines was acquired by Chinese company Elecpro for €2,5 million. In 2015 Elecpro changed its name to DEA General Aviation. The acquisition was originally intended to exclude drone dual-use technology, meaning military and civilian use, but was eventually included. According to the Dutch OSINT platform Datenna, DEA General Aviation has no government related shareholders.

Mistral Engines went into bankruptcy, but it was revoked in 2019 by the President of the Court of the District of La Côte and the company was reinstated. The company once again filed for bankruptcy and was liquidated in 2022 and terminated in 2024.

Product line
Mistral G-190
Mistral G-230-TS
Mistral G-360-TS
Mistral G-300 - a three-rotor wankel engine rated at 300 hp (224 kW) in normally aspirated configuration and at 360 hp (269 kW) with optional turbocharging
Mistral K-300 - similar to the G-300 but configured to use kerosene (jet fuel) instead of gasoline
Mistral G-200 - a two-rotor wankel engine rated at 200 hp (149 kW) in normally aspirated configuration and at 230 hp (172 kW) with optional turbocharging
Mistral K-200 - similar to the G-200 but configured to use kerosene (jet fuel) instead of gasoline

References

External links 
Company history

Aircraft engine manufacturers of Switzerland
Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
Ivan Krstić. Ivan Krstić is a Croatian computer security expert, currently working on core security at Apple Inc. Krstić was previously the director of security architecture at One Laptop per Child. He is a co-author of The Official Ubuntu Book ().

Biography
Born in Croatia, Krstić received a scholarship to attend the Cranbrook Kingswood school in Michigan, U.S, when he was 15. In 2004, he enrolled at Harvard College but took a year's leave to work on secure electronic healthcare at Croatia's largest children's hospital. After returning to Harvard in 2005, he took another leave when offered a position with One Laptop per Child. While there, he designed the Bitfrost security architecture and personally oversaw the project's first two in-country deployments, in Uruguay and Peru. He left the project in early 2008 and later joined Apple in May 2009.

Recognition
In 2007, Krstić became a TR35 laureate, selected by the MIT Technology Review as one of the world's top 35 innovators under the age of 35. A year later, eWeek magazine declared him one of the top three most influential people in modern computer security, and one of the top 100 in all of IT.

References

Apple Inc. employees
Cypherpunks
Living people
Computer security specialists
Computer systems engineers
Croatian engineers
Harvard College alumni
Croatian emigrants to the United States
Cranbrook Educational Community alumni
1986 births
Vickers Type 207. The Vickers Type 207 was a single-engined two-seat biplane designed as a shipborne torpedo bomber to an early 1930s specification.  Structurally innovative, only one was built.

Development
The Vickers Type 207 was often known as the Vickers M.1/30, for it was built to Air Ministry specification for a carrier-based torpedo bomber to replace the Blackburn Ripon.  The Air Ministry paid Vickers for a single prototype;  its competitors were the Blackburn M.1/30 and the Handley Page H.P.46.

Like Blackburn, Vickers chose the 825 hp (615 kW) Rolls-Royce H10 engine, later called the Buzzard IIIMS, a liquid cooled V-12 to power their aircraft.  The Type 207 was a single-bay biplane, without sweep or stagger and with wings of almost equal span.  The upper wing carried Handley Page slots and Frise ailerons; the lower wing alone had dihedral.  Both wings used the relatively thick and still novel Raf34 airfoil section; they folded for storage.  The rudder was balanced and the braced tailplane carried aerodynamic servo-assisted elevators operated via trailing edge tabs.  Barnes Wallis had recently been appointed chief structural engineer for Vickers aircraft and he brought to the Type 207 new methods of duralumin construction in both wings and fuselage from his previous work on airships.  Typically, these structures were complicated but light.  The aircraft was fabric-covered throughout.
 
The upper wing was well above the fuselage, braced to it by two pairs of V-form struts on either side; two single struts from the same points on the upper fuselage braced each lower wing.  The pilot sat below the wing leading edge and the observer, equipped with a Lewis gun, sat well aft.  The split-axle undercarriage allowed torpedo dropping from under the aircraft and was fitted with wheel brakes as its shipborne role required, together with an arrestor hook and tailwheel.  The Buzzard's underslung radiator was positioned between the forward undercarriage legs.

The Type 207 flew for the first time on 11 January 1933, with Mutt Summers at the controls.  The only notable modification was the addition of 2o of dihedral to the previously flat upper wing. The aircraft was lost in the first fast diving test on 23 November 1933, when structural breakup was initiated by a tailplane failure. The crew survived. In the end there were no orders for any of the M.1/30 entrants.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

 

1930s British military aircraft
Type 207
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Keimfarben. KEIMFARBEN GMBH is a medium-sized company based in Diedorf near Augsburg. It belongs to the Leonhard Moll AG Group and is one of the world's leading manufacturers of silicate paints. Buildings such as the White House, Mariinskyi Palace, Buckingham Palace, Sydney Opera House, and the Bolshoi Theatre are painted with Keimfarben paints.

Company founder Adolf Wilhelm Keim is seen as the inventor of silicate paints (mineral paints), which revolutionised the builders' and painters' trade at the end of the 19th century.

History
The reign of King Ludwig I of Bavaria was a time of intensive research into water glass (potassium silicate). The king loved the colorful lime frescoes in North Italy and longed to enjoy the typically splendid colors produced by lime paints in his own kingdom. But the harsh German climate was not suitable for the technique used in Italy.

Eventually, the skilled craftsman and researcher Adolf Wilhelm Keim succeeded in mixing liquid water glass and mineral color pigments to create a paint that could withstand the climate north of the Alps while at the same time offering brilliant colors. The paint's durability results from the chemical bond formed by the binding agent with the substrate (silification). Keim obtained a patent for his mineral paints in 1878, thus laying the foundation stone for today's company KEIMFARBEN GMBH. The first production site was near to the limestone quarry in Offenstetten (which belongs to Abensberg today) in Lower Bavaria.

Group structure
Headquarters in Diedorf 
Subsidiary in Alteno

Keimfarben has two German sites in Diedorf (headquarters) and Alteno/Luckau and altogether eleven foreign subsidiaries in Europe (Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Poland, the Czech Republic) and the United States. Authorised dealers are responsible for sales in countries where Keimfarben does not have its own subsidiary (Australia, Canada, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Russia). On 6 September 2012, KEIMFARBEN GMBH & Co KG changed its legal form and now operates under the name of "KEIMFARBEN GMBH".

Product range
Keim laid the foundation for the success of Keimfarben in 1878 with KEIM Purkristalat, a two-component pure silicate paint. The second generation of Keim paints followed in 1962 with Keim Granital, the first silicate emulsion paint; in contrast to Purkristalat, this is a one-component paint which makes it easier to apply. In 2002, Keimfarben then launched Keim Soldalit, a sol-silicate or colloidal silicate paint (binding agent: colloidal silica and water glass), which makes it much easier to apply silicate paints so that they are suitable for universal use.

Keimfarben produces paint systems for external and internal use, mineral renders and fillers, natural stone repair systems and thermal insulation composite systems, together with concrete repair and surface protection systems. A new item in the product range is silicate paint for wooden substrates.

Paint manufacturers
Companies based in Bavaria
Companies established in 1878
German brands
HP 20b. The HP 20b Business Consultant (F2219A, codenamed "Little Euro") is a financial calculator published in 2008 by Hewlett-Packard. Its function is similar to HP 10bII and includes scientific and statistical functions.

Hardware specification 
The HP 20b uses a 2 lines display with the first line an 8 character scrolling display and 11 indicators and the second line for 12+3 digit display. It also uses 2 CR2032 batteries, an Atmel AT91SAM7L128 30 MHz processor.  The processor's serial interface is accessible from under the battery cover to allow the firmware to be updated using a special cable from HP.

Functions 
The HP 20b contains functions similar to the HP 10bII, with financial functions including: TVM, IRR, NPV, NUS ("Net Uniform Series"), amortization, depreciation, bonds, yield and accrued interest, interest conversion, list-based cashflow analysis, cashflows, break-even analysis.
  
Math/Statistics functions include: list-base, 1 and 2 variable statistics, mean, standard deviation, population deviation, standard error, forecasting, correlations and covariance, +, -, ×, ÷, %, 1/x, +/-, scientific notation, n!, combinations, permutations, rounding, random numbers, LOG, LN, 10×, PL, square root, trigonometry, probability.

For input modes, it supports RPN, Chain and Algebraic input.

It also included several added features include: date calculation, display format and language preferences, memory functions, editing, scroll keys.

Criticism 
Many users claim that they dislike the model because it lacks the feedback when pressing the keys, and the menus make things complicated.

Examination approval 
The HP 20b is approved by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority and can be used in Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination of 2009 or later.

The HP 20b is approved by the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) and can be used for the Financial Risk Manager (FRM) certification exam.

Repurposing 
Along with the HP 30b, the HP 20b calculator is particularly conducive to repurposing, since both the hardware and software are made public by HP. Several projects have been started around reusing this calculator for other purposes. The most advanced is the WP 34S, a programmable scientific calculator that combines the functionality of the HP-42S and HP-16C and includes many other novel features and functions. A firmware branch with a complex number lock mode is called WP 34C. The WP 31S is a stripped-down non-programmable version of the WP 34S, designed to be easier to use.

See also 
 TI BA II Plus
 TI BA II Plus Professional

References

External links
 Product specification
 
 Simulators for Windows and/or iPhone OS from HP

20b