omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hezekiah C. Seymour. Hezekiah Cook Seymour (June 24, 1811 – July 24, 1853) was an American civil engineer and politician.

Biography
He was born on June 24, 1811, in Westmoreland, New York, to Bradford Steele Seymour and Mary Cook.

From 1835 to 1849, he worked for the New York and Erie Railroad, first as engineer, later becoming general superintendent.

He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1850 to 1851, elected on the Whig ticket at the New York state election, 1849, but defeated for re-election at the New York state election, 1851 by Democrat William J. McAlpine.

In 1851, he became Chief Engineer of the Ontario,Simcoe and Huron Railway, running from Toronto to Lake Huron in Canada West. The next year, he also participated in the early stages of planning for the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and the Air Line Railroad between New York City and Boston.

He died on July 24, 1853, in Piermont, New York, at age 42. He was buried at Rockland Cemetery in Sparkill, New York.

References

Sources
Description of his grave monument, in NYT on March 23, 1855
His return from Canada, in NYT on December 27, 1851
Google Books The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 37f; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)

1811 births
1853 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
People from Piermont, New York
19th-century American railroad executives
New York (state) Whigs
People from Westmoreland, New York
Xelerated. Xelerated Inc., founded in 2000, was a fabless semiconductor company specializing in ASSP-based Carrier Ethernet chipsets.  Xelerated carried a line of programmable Network Processing Units (NPUs) and Ethernet network switches for the Metro Ethernet, access network and high-end enterprise markets.

Overview

Xelerated's design relies upon a patented dataflow architecture. Like an ASIC, it is optimized in relation to the flow of packets instead of the flow of instructions through a RISC core. As a result, processing speed is predictable rather than variable. Because Xelerated's NPUs and Ethernet switches were programmable, carriers could reprogram them to adapt to new standards as they develop.

The company had offices in Santa Clara, California, Stockholm, Tel Aviv and Beijing.

In January 2012, Xelerated was acquired by Marvell Technology Group for an undisclosed sum.

In May 2015, the staff was informed about pending layoffs. In December 2015, office property from the Stockholm office was auctioned off.

References

Electronics companies established in 2000
Swedish companies established in 2000
Telecommunications infrastructure
Ethernet
Fabless semiconductor companies
Semiconductor companies of Sweden
2012 mergers and acquisitions
Henry Ramsay (civil engineer). Henry Ramsay (May 18, 1808, in Guilderland, Albany County, New York – July 12, 1886, in Schenectady, New York) was an American civil engineer and for a short time New York State Engineer and Surveyor in 1853.

Life
He was born on May 18, 1808, the son of Frederick Ramsay and Belle (Quackenbush) Ramsay.

He was educated at the Lancaster School in Albany, and graduated from The Albany Academy in 1826. Afterwards he taught school in Albany, New York. Later he became a draftsman, cartographer and civil engineer. In 1831, he married Isabelle Westervelt, and they had nine children.

In 1842, he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad between Albany and Schenectady, New York. He laid out the course of the New York Central Railroad at Schenectady, to avoid the inclined plane at that terminus. Subsequently, he became Assistant Engineer on the Erie Canal enlargement. In 1849, he moved to Schenectady, and was for several terms City Surveyor.

On December 10, 1853, he was appointed New York State Engineer and Surveyor, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William J. McAlpine, after Wheeler H. Bristol declined to take office.

He died on July 12, 1886, in Schenectady, New York.

Legacy
He endowed the Henry Ramsay Scholarship at The Albany Academy.

Sources

The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (pages 37f; Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)

1808 births
1886 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Politicians from Albany, New York
19th-century American railroad executives
19th-century American engineers
Engineers from New York (state)
Politicians from Schenectady, New York
People from Guilderland, New York
Businesspeople from Schenectady, New York
The Albany Academy alumni
Fixation reflex. The fixation reflex is that concerned with attracting the eye on a peripheral object. For example, when a light shines in the periphery, the eyes shift gaze on it.  It is controlled by the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex, corroborated by three main tests:

 Removal of cortex causes shutdown of this reflex
 Drawing a figure on the cortex surface will cause eye movements in the direction traveled
 Detecting an image by recording the actual signals from the eyes

Older research declares that a motor pathway from the occipital cortex to the brainstem motor neurons was via the superior colliculi.  This is the case in lower animals, but in humans, the theory that eye-muscle nuclei (oculomotor nucleus and Edinger–Westphal nucleus) aside from the superior colliculi of the midbrain is now generally held.

When an object is focused directly at an object but the eyes drift off their target, the fixation reflex keeps the eyes focused on the original object, albeit moving itself.

See also

Bibliography
"eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD

Reflexes
Vision
Linhof. Linhof is a German company, founded in Munich in 1887 by Valentin Linhof.  The company is well known for making premium rollfilm and large format film cameras.  Linhof initially focused on making camera shutters and developing the first leaf shutter, which became part of Compur.

Nikolaus Karpf, who entered the company in 1934, designed the first Technika model, the world's first all-metal folding field camera, the same year.  Revised models of the Technika are still in production.

Today Linhof is the oldest still-producing camera manufacturer in the world after Gandolfi closed and Kodak sold their production to Calumet.

Products

Folding bed field cameras

6x9 cm
See also Linhof 6x9.
 Linhof Ur-Technika (1934)
 Linhof Technika
 Linhof Technika III, with or without RF
 Linhof Technika IV
 Linhof Super Technika IV
 Linhof Technika 70
 Linhof Studienkamera 70
 Linhof Super Technika V = Super Technika 23
 Linhof Technikardan 23S
 Linhof Techno

9x12 cm
 Linhof Technika II (1937–1943)

4x5 in.
 Linhof 34 (1934–1936)
 Linhof Technika Medizin (1937–1943)
 Linhof Standard Press
 Linhof Technika III, with or without RF
 Linhof Technika IV
 Linhof Super Technika IV
 Linhof Technika V
 Linhof Super Technika V
 Linhof Master Technika = Master Technika Classic
 Linhof Master Technika 2000
 Linhof Master Technika 3000
 Linhof Technikardan 45
 Linhof TechniKardan 45S
 Linhof TechniKardan 23
 Linhof TechniKardan 23S

13x18
 Linhof Technika
 Linhof Technika III, with or without RF
 Linhof Super Technika V

18x24
 Linhof Präzisionskamera 18x24 (Technika) (1937–1943) only 10 items made
 Linhof Präzisionskamera 18x24 (Technika "Medizin" in grey) only 1 item made (pre-owner: famous German photographer Adolf Lazi and Franz Lazi)

Monorail view cameras
 Linhof Color 4x5 (inches)
 Linhof Kardan 4x5
 Linhof Kardan Colour 4x5
 Linhof Technikardan s45 4x5
 Linhof Bi
 Linhof Super Color
 Linhof Super Color JBL
 Linhof TL
 Linhof GT
 Linhof GTL
 Linhof Kardan E
 Linhof Kardan M
 Linhof Kardan TE
 Linhof Technikardan s23 2x3 (inches)
 Linhof TechniKardan 45
 Linhof TechniKardan 45S
 Linhof M679 6x9
 Linhof M679cc 6x9
 Linhof M679cs 6x9

Rigid body cameras
 Linhof Technika Press

 Linhof Weitwinkelkamera 65
 Linhof Press 70
 Linhof 220
 Linhof 220 PL
 Linhof 220 RS
 Linhof Technar 45 (4x5)

Panoramic

6x12 
 Technorama 612PC
 Technorama 612PC II
 Technorama 612PC III

6x17
 Technorama
 Technorama 617S
 Technorama 617S III

Aerial photography
 Aero Press
 Electric 70
 Aerotronica 69 (6x9
 Aero Technika (4x5")
 Aero Technika 45 (4x5")
 Aero Technika 45EL (4x5")
 Aero Technika 18x24

Photogrammetry, 4x5 in.
 Metrika 45
 Metrika 45R

Digital Platform
 Linhof Techno
 Linhof M 679cs

Accessories
 tripods
 ballheads
 Linhof Levelling Pan/Tilt Heads
 Linhof quicklock tripod connector Quickfix

References

Bibliography
 The Linhof camera story, edited by the company

External links
 
 Linhof review at photo.net

Photography equipment manufacturers of Germany
Manufacturing companies based in Munich
Kentron. Kentron may refer to:
Kentron, the former name of South African arms company Denel Dynamics
Kentron Seeker, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufactured by Denel Dynamics
Kentron Bateleur, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manufactured by Denel Dynamics
Kentron District, a district of Yerevan, Armenia
Kentron TV, an Armenian private television broadcasting company

See also
Kentro (disambiguation), several villages in Greece
Guo Kexin. Guo Kexin (; 1923–2006), also known as Ke-Xin Guo or K. H. Kuo (Ke-Hsin Kuo), was a Chinese chemical engineer, physicist, metallurgist and crystallographer. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is a pioneer of electron microscopy in China.

Life
Guo was born on August 23, 1923. In 1941, he graduated from Chongqing Nankai Middle School. He graduated from Zhejiang University in 1946 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in chemical engineering. In 1947, Guo went to study in Sweden.

Guo was the Director and a senior researcher at the Beijing Electron Microscope Open Laboratory (a.k.a. Beijing Laboratory of Electron Microscopy) and the Center for Condensed Matter Physics and the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guo was the main founder of the Chinese Society for Electron Microscopy (a.k.a. Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, CEMS; 中国电子显微镜会), and served as its Director/President from 1982 to 1996.

Recognition
In 1980, Guo was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was also a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA), and received an Honorary Doctorate from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden.

The K. H. Kuo Education Fund is named after him.

References

Archive
Electron microscopy of aperiodic materials Invited and contributed papers from a symposium at the ICEM14, Cancun, Mexico, 3 September 1998, in honour of Professor K.H. Kuo - by Lian-Mao Peng and J. L. Aragón

External links
 Guo Kexin's biography at China Vitae 
 Guo Kexin's short CV at China Vitae 
 
 Homepage of the K.H.Kuo Education Fund 
 K. H. Kuo Home Page  

1923 births
2006 deaths
Chinese chemical engineers
Chinese metallurgists
Crystallographers
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
People from Fuzhou
Physicists from Fujian
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
TWAS laureates
Zhejiang University alumni
Chongqing Nankai Secondary School alumni
Chinese expatriates in Sweden
Background, foreground, sideground and postground intellectual property. In the context of research and development (R&D) collaborations, background, foreground, sideground and postground intellectual property (IP) are four distinct forms of intellectual property assets. These are included in the broader and more general categories of knowledge in R&D collaborations or open innovation. While background and foreground IP and knowledge are fairly established concepts, sideground and postground IP and knowledge have more recently been added to the conceptual vocabulary. This set of four concepts was first introduced by Prof. Ove Granstrand in a European Commission report in 2001.

The four knowledge/IP types are defined by Granstrand and Holgersson (2014):

Background knowledge/IP is knowledge/IP that is relevant to a collaborative venture or open innovation project that is supplied by the partners at the start of the project.
Foreground knowledge/IP is all the knowledge/IP produced within the collaborative venture or  open innovation project during the project’s tenure.
Sideground knowledge/IP is knowledge/IP that is relevant to a collaborative venture or open innovation project, but produced outside the project by any of the partners during the project’s tenure.
Postground knowledge/IP is knowledge/IP that is relevant to a collaborative venture or open innovation project that is produced by any of the partners after the project ends.

References

Further reading

Intellectual property law
Economics of intellectual property
Research and development
Eufaula Dam. Eufaula Dam is a dam across the Canadian River in Oklahoma. Completed in 1964, it impounds Eufaula Lake, one of the world's largest man-made lakes, covering 102,500 acres (41,500 hectares). The dam serves to provide flood control, water supply, navigation and hydroelectric power generation. It supports a 90 MW power station; three generators produce 30 MW each.

History
State Highway 71 runs across the top of the dam.

The dam was approved by Rivers and Harbors Act of 1946 and construction began in December 1956. The cost of the project, completed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was $121,735,000. The flood-control operations of the dam were in place by February 1964, and the dam dedicated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 25, 1964.

Heavy rains in the spring of 2015, caused Eufaula Lake to rise so rapidly that the Corps of Engineers had to open the flood gates and release water at rates as high as  per second. This was the highest rate since 1990.

References

Dams in Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Haskell County, Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in McIntosh County, Oklahoma
Hydroelectric power plants in Oklahoma
United States Army Corps of Engineers dams
Dams completed in 1964
Energy infrastructure completed in 1964
Kenneth Bruce Ross. Kenneth Bruce Ross (August 21, 1897 – July 12, 1959) was an inventor and businessman who is best known for the development of an automated manufacturing process for the reliable production of quartz crystals used in radios.

Life history
Kenneth Ross was born in Oklahoma, but spent most of his childhood living with his uncle in Colorado.  He lied about his age to join the US Army.  His first posting was in Williams, Arizona.  As part of his Army service, he fought against Pancho Villa.  During his time in the Army, Ross was fortunate enough to work with the Marconi radios utilized by the Signal Corps.

Shortly after the completion of his military service, Ross moved to Chicago where he founded the Ross Manufacturing Company.  Its primary product was the production and installation of radio components and systems.  Customers included such notables as the P.K. Wrigley family.  While installing a custom made radio system in their Chicago home, he met his future wife Gudrun Saetveit, a concert pianist providing instruction to the Wrigley children.

Kenneth Ross was an aviation enthusiast, who counted Charles Lindbergh as one of his friends. Ross owned several airplanes throughout his life.  He was killed on July 12, 1959 in Durango, Colorado after the airplane he was piloting crashed shortly after takeoff.

Business
The Ross Manufacturing Company employed approximately 500 people.  In order to satisfy the communications demands of Allied Forces during World War II, Ross converted one of his plants in Chicago to a facility for making FT-243 crystal units.  Ross developed a process to automatically and accurately tune the FT-243 quartz crystals in a shorter time while using far less labor.  Prior to the development of his process, all crystals had to be polished by hand in order to ensure proper tuning.  As a result, his factory was able to produce more high quality radio crystals faster than most other companies in the US.  Ross never patented the process.  It was shared freely with other radio crystal manufacturers as he deemed it his patriotic duty.  Ross produced a short technical film detailing each step in the process, making it possible for others to easily copy it.  His production method had a direct impact on the improved reliability of radio communications in both European and Asian theaters of war.

References

1897 births
1959 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American engineers
American inventors
Aerospace bearing. Aerospace bearings are the bearings installed in aircraft and aerospace systems including commercial, private, military, or space applications.

Materials include M50 tool steel (AMS6491), carbon chrome steel (AMS6444), the corrosion resistant AMS5930, 440C stainless steel, silicon nitride (ceramic) and titanium carbide-coated 440C.

Typically, special attention is given to the material specification, non-destructive testing, and to the traceability of the bearing (a system of documents that enables an engineer to trace a bearing, typically back to its manufacturing batch and material supply).

Design
When designing aerospace bearings, it is important to take a few things into account, including:

material standard
design
lubrication type
surface coatings and treatments
non-destructive testing
traceability

In order to assure bearing performance, it is necessary for the bearing steel to be of high quality. Jet engine bearings are typically manufactured from metals manufactured using a vacuum arc remelt to enable material requirements to be met.

Jet engine shaft bearings and accessory drive shaft bearings typically use single piece or two piece machined retainers. The pressed steel or moulded retainers found on mass-produced bearings are not used.

Temperature and moisture resistant oils, greases and lubricants are normally specified.  If the lubricant is not correct the performance of the bearing will be compromised.

Application
In jet engines bearings can operate at over 200 degrees Celsius (400 °F) and at speeds over 10,000 rpm for the turbine shafts to over 30,000 rpm in the accessory drives. In wing control surface applications temperatures as low as  may be encountered.

Monitoring
Bearings are a vital factor in many products and assemblies and their performance is often monitored continuously. In jet engines the oil supply is monitored to detect the presence of metallic debris that could identify a failure either of the bearings or of other components whose failure may contaminate the bearings.

References

Bearings (mechanical)
Aerospace engineering
Dandelion chip. A dandelion chip is an electronic device, installed on the bayonet mount of a non-electronic camera lens or adapter, which enables electronic interoperation with certain cameras. The device consists of an integrated circuit connected to a series of exposed electrical contacts, in a curved package which matches the lens mount. It is designed to be affixed in a particular position on the mount, in order to mate with matching contacts on the camera body. The contacts on both sides of the mount are commonly known as CPU contacts.

Camera functions enabled by the chip may include exposure metering, aperture display and control, focus confirmation and fine-tuning, and Exif metadata recording.

The level of additional functionality enabled by the chip depends on the camera. Some cameras provide certain electronic functions even with a non-electronic lens. For example, professional-level Nikon DSLRs provide metering and focus confirmation, and store lens data programmed into the camera, regardless of whether the mounted lens has electronic contacts. By contrast, many consumer-level Nikon DSLRs require an electronically enabled lens to perform functions as basic as metering.

External links
Filmprocess: Dandelion

Digital photography
Vijay K. Dhir. Vijay K. Dhir is the former Dean of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, holding the position from March 2003 to January 2016. He is also a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, joining the UCLA faculty in 1974. He is the principal investigator of the Boiling eXperiment Facility - Nucleate Pool Boiling eXperiment (BXF-NPBX), which was conducted in micro-g environment on the International Space Station to understand bubble growth, detachment and subsequent motion of single and large merged bubbles boiling in micro-g environment.

Dhir was born in Giddarbaha, in Punjab and raised in India. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from Punjab Engineering College in 1965 and his MTech degree from Indian Institute of Technology in 1968. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1972 from the University of Kentucky.

Career
Prior to becoming the dean at the school, Dhir served as vice chair (1988–1991) and chair (1994–2000) of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Then he served as the school's associate dean for academic and faculty issues and as Interim Dean (2002–2003). He has retired from this position since and is now serving as a professor at UCLA.

Dhir has written or co-authored 3 books and more than 350 papers.

Honors
In 2004, he received the Max Jakob Memorial Award.

In 2006, Dhir was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for work on boiling heat transfer and nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics and safety.

References

External links
 UCLA Profile

Indian emigrants to the United States
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
University of Kentucky alumni
Living people
IIT Kanpur alumni
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American academics of Indian descent
1943 births
TransAer International Airlines. TransAer International Airlines was an Irish charter airline headquartered in the TransAer House, Dublin Airport, Dublin, Ireland.

History
The airline was previously known as Translift Airways. It was established in October 1991 and started operations in February 1992. Renaming took place on 10 April 1997. It was the brainchild of P. J. McGoldrick (who later went on to run Ryanair and EUjet).

The airline operated a number of Airbus A300B4 and Airbus A320-200 aircraft. Some Boeing 727, Boeing 757 and Boeing 737-200 were also operated for a short period of time. The company leased aircraft to Libyan Arab Airlines and Khalifa Airways.

TransAer went into liquidation on 20 October 2000. Prior to the collapse, an 18-month contract was signed in 2000 to help set up a new airline in Kosovo. The collapse was blamed on the adverse effects of the Kosovo war, a failed $18 million investment in American airline TransMeridian and losses of $14 million incurred by TransAer's German and Greek charter airline business.  The business failed with outstanding debts of £30 million and made 450 employees redundant.

Two of their aircraft were impounded in Ireland by Aer Rianta the day after the airline appointed a liquidator, due to TransAer's failure to pay landing and handling fees amounting to over £200,000.

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom

References

External links

Defunct airlines of the Republic of Ireland
Airlines established in 1992
Airlines disestablished in 2000
Irish companies established in 1992
2000 disestablishments in Ireland