omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Walter Hume Kerr. Walter Hume Kerr  (25 June 1861–9 August 1936) was a Scottish engineer, antiquary and amateur archaeologist.

Life
He was born on in Duns, Berwickshire, on 25 June 1861. He was the second son of Rev Daniel Kerr of the South United Presbyterian Church in the town. He was educated at the Wellfield Academy in the town. He went to the University of Edinburgh graduating with an MA in 1882. He later retrained in engineering, and gained a further BSc in 1893. He then began as an Assistant Lecturer in engineering at the University.

In 1913 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Thomas Hudson Beare, James Geikie, William Turner, and William Archer Tait. In the First World War he was Sub-Director of the Army Education Unit for all France. He served as Education Officer for the Rhine Area 1918–19.

He died on 9 August 1936 while visiting a friend at Glenfriars in Jedburgh.

References

1861 births
1936 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish archaeologists
Scottish antiquarians
People from Duns, Scottish Borders
Scottish engineers
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
RedMonk. RedMonk is an industry analyst firm focused on software developers and headquartered in Portland, Maine, United States. It was founded on the premise of the increasing influence of software developers in the technology industry. RedMonk co-founder Stephen O'Grady authored a book on "The New Kingmakers: How Developers Conquered the World" which details this premise and a book on "The Software Paradox: The Rise and Fall of the Commercial Software Market" which considers the changing role of commercial software.

RedMonk covers trends in the software industry such as the top-used programming languages.

Awards 
RedMonk co-founder James Governor was awarded the Women in Marketing Equality Advocate award in 2016.

RedMonk was highly ranked in a number of categories from the Institute of Industry Analyst Relations in 2008, specifically:
 Analyst of the year #3: James Governor, RedMonk
 Analyst firm of the year #4: RedMonk
 Most relevant #5: RedMonk
 Most import firm #6: RedMonk

References

External links 
Official website

Market research companies of the United States
Companies based in Portland, Maine
2002 establishments in Maine
Software development
MT-class minesweeper. The MT class were a group of coastal minesweepers built for the Soviet Navy in the 1943-1945. The Soviet designation was Project 253L.

Design
The specifications for the Project 253 were issued in April 1942 by admiral Lev Galler. Initial design iteration made by TsKB-32 was unsatisfactory and was transferred in 1943 to TsKB-51 for improvements, resulting in Project 253L (named after chief designer N. G. Loshchinskii). The minesweepers were badly needed in the heavily mined Baltic Sea, therefore pre-production series comprising 32 vessels were ordered 12 April 1943, followed by full-capacity production on two shipyards starting from 12 June 1943. The minesweeper was extremely successful, resulting in 4 shipyards assigned to its production starting from 31 October 1943.

Two main versions were produced:

MT-1 (June 1943) - full displacement 126.6 tons
MT-2  (April 1944) - full displacement increased to 141.3 tons, smaller engines rated to .

The ships were routinely fitted with four mine-sweeping gears, comprising two mechanical trails, magnetic and acoustic towed trails.

Ships
A total of 92 ships were built, all to the Baltic fleet operation. Numbers were T-222 to T-249,  T-351 to T-391, T-434 to T-441, T-459 to T-479. Only T-387 was lost to enemy action been sunk by German submarine U-481 28 November 1944.

In 1946, the seven minesweepers (T-225, T-228, T-231, T-241, T-244, T-465, T-467) were transferred to the .

Upon retirement in 1956, the MT minesweepers were routinely converted into diving support ships.

See also
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
List of ships of Russia by project number

References

External links
MT type minesweeper - type description and vessels list
Soviet navy minesweepers: Минно-тральные корабли
List of Soviet navy minesweepers: Cоветское оружие времен Второй Мировой Войны Тральщики
Stalin's Ocean-going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs

Mine warfare vessel classes
Minesweepers of the Soviet Navy
 
Ships of the Polish Navy
Polymer solution. Polymer solutions are solutions containing dissolved polymers. These may be  (e.g. in ), or solid solutions (e.g. a substance which has been plasticized).

The introduction into the polymer of small amounts of a solvent (plasticizer) reduces the temperature of glass transition, the yield temperature, and the viscosity of a melt.
 An understanding of the thermodynamics of a polymer solution is critical to prediction of its behavior in manufacturing processes — for example, its shrinkage or expansion in injection molding processes, or whether pigments and solvents will mix evenly with a polymer in the manufacture of paints and coatings. A recent theory on the viscosity of polymer solutions gives a physical explanation for various well-known empirical relations and numerical values including the Huggins constant, but reveals also novel simple concentration and molar mass dependence.

Applications
Polymer solutions are used in producing fibers, films, glues, lacquers, paints, and other items made of polymer materials. Thin layers of polymer solution can be used to produce light-emitting devices. Guar polymer solution gels can be used in hydraulic fracturing ("fracking").

See also
 Flory–Huggins solution theory
 Colloid systems
 Gel
 Solution polymerization

References

Further reading
 

Polymer chemistry
Tu Shou'e. Tu Shou'e or Shou-ngo Tu (; 1917–2012) was a Chinese aerospace engineer who was a specialist in structural mechanics. Tu is famous as the chief designer of the Long March 2 rocket and China's intercontinental ballistic missile.

Together with Liang Shoupan, Huang Weilu and Ren Xinmin, Tu is considered one of the "Four Elders of China's Aerospace". He was granted the Two Bombs, One Satellite Merit Medal in 1999. Tu was elected a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.

Early life and education 
Tu was born in Nanxun, Huzhou, Zhejiang in 1917. After completing his primary education in Zhejiang, he studied at Shanghai High School. The pervading sense of Japanese menace germinated an idea in his mind that China should have the independent capacity to manufacture planes. He was admitted to Tsinghua University in 1936 and entered its Aeronautical Engineering Department in 1938.

Career 
After graduation, Tu worked at an aeronautical institute in Chengdu. He went to MIT in 1941 with full scholarship and received a master's degree there. Then Tu served Curtiss-Wright Corporation as a stress analyst, but he returned to China following the surrender of Japan in 1945, teaching at his alma mater as an associate professor and then as a professor.

Tu reached Beijing after the university. Since the Adjustment of University Colleges & Departments in 1952, he was assigned to Beijing Aviation Institute. He had served successively as vice dean, dean and the assistant of president there.

Later Tu was invited to serve the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of Defence in 1957. From then on, Tu plunged himself into Chinese missile and aerospace projects, especially its system design aspect. He was the deputy chief designer of Dongfeng 2 and Dongfeng 3, also the chief designer of Dongfeng 5 and Long March 2. He made several significant breakthroughs in the field.

The vicissitudes of his life in the decade never rob his enthusiasm for search. He once completely absorbed in the formula during a struggle session, ignoring the impassioned speech.

Tu felt very sorry for the Columbia disaster in 2003, but he also insisted that the progress of space science is unstoppable, while China "is still on track to launch its first manned spacecraft".

Personal 
Tu joined in the CPC in 1948.

Tu enjoyed tai chi and classic music. He and his wife, Qiu Su (), had five children.

References 

1917 births
2012 deaths
Chinese aerospace engineers
Engineers from Zhejiang
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Southwestern Associated University alumni
Scientists from Huzhou
Space program of the People's Republic of China
Tsinghua University alumni
System Power Management Interface. The System Power Management Interface (SPMI) is a high-speed, low-latency, bi-directional, two-wire serial bus suitable for real-time control of voltage and frequency scaled multi-core application processors and its power management of auxiliary components. SPMI obsoletes a number of legacy, custom point-to-point interfaces and provides a low pin count, high-speed control bus for up to 4 master and 16 slave devices. SPMI is specified by the MIPI Alliance (Mobile Industry Process Interface Alliance).

References 

Serial buses
Computer standards
MIPI Alliance standards
Hogarth Kingeekuk Sr. Memorial School. Hogarth Kingeekuk Sr. Memorial School or Savoonga School is a K-12 school in Savoonga, Alaska. It is a part of the Bering Strait School District.

The school serves as a community center for Savoonga residents. ECI/Hyer Architecture and Interiors built the current school facility, which has asymmetrical trusses and covered entry and exit porches that use Alaska Native-style poles. The building won the merit award from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Alaska chapter.

By 2013 the school received a $1 million grant from the federal government's School Improvement Grant (SIG).

Curriculum
 the curriculum heavily emphasizes mathematics and reading due to influences from the SIG grant, with daily emphasis on each taking up two blocks. As of that year it uses the "Success for All" teaching program and other programs used to raise test scores. The school previously taught a class on Yupik culture and Yupik language but a lack of students enrolling in the class was one reason for its cancellation.

Academic performance
In 2003 9% of the students were proficient in Alaska state reading tests. By 2011 this increased to 29%.

From 2003 to 2013 the attendance rate declined; many students who needed to work to support the families felt stymied by an increase in the school year and school day that was mandated by the federal government.  the attendance rate was 85%. Rates of students graduating from school decreased during the same period.

Teaching staff
 the administrative staff and the head teachers were White Americans; a lack of local Alaska natives with university educations meant that the school district recruited staff from the Lower 48. Each class had a teacher's aide who was Yupik.

References

External links
 

Public elementary schools in Alaska
Public middle schools in Alaska
Public high schools in Alaska
Schools in Unorganized Borough, Alaska
Buildings and structures in Nome Census Area, Alaska
Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer-ULS. The Electric Aircraft Corporation ElectraFlyer-ULS is an American electric ultralight motor glider, designed by Randell Fishman and produced by the Electric Aircraft Corporation of Cliffside Park, New Jersey, introduced in late 2012. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The ElectraFlyer-ULS was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's  empty weight limit. The design has an empty weight of .

The design features a cantilever mid-wing, a single-seat under a bubble canopy, a twin boom tail, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single electric motor in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from carbon fiber and foam composite materials. The motor and drive train are supplied by the Electric Aircraft Corporation in the US, while the airframe is built under contract by Airsport in the Czech Republic and is adapted from an existing design, the Airsport Song.

The drivetrain includes a Fishman-designed  motor, electronic controller and 3.3 kWh LiPo battery pack. An additional 3.3 kWh battery pack is a US$5,000 option, which gives a two-hour endurance. A two-bladed fixed pitch propeller is standard equipment, but a folding carbon fiber propeller is optional.

Specifications (ElectraFlyer-ULS)

References

External links

ULS
2010s United States ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Electric aircraft
Alaska Interconnection. The Alaska Interconnection (ASCC) is an AC power transmission grid in North America that serves Central and Southeast Alaska. While the Alaska Interconnection is often referred to as one interconnected grid, its two parts are not connected to each other through interconnectors, nor are the two grids connected to any other interconnection, making the grids in Alaska isolated circuits. Both grids, though, are managed by the Alaska Systems Coordinating Council (ASCC) as if they were one entity like the other interconnections in North America. ASCC was formed in 1983 and is an affiliate North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) member.

Production 
The Alaska Interconnection is the smallest individual power transmission grid in North America compared to the three other major interconnections – the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Texas Interconnection – both in physical area and electricity generated. In 2015, the Alaska interconnection generated 2,601 gigawatt hours of electricity, with natural gas accounting for 1,219 GWh, while the US State of Washington alone – part of the Western Interconnection – generated 47,385 GWh. While both parts of the Alaska Interconnection have no connection to remaining interconnections of North America, all generating units connected to both of its grids generate at a synchronous speed of 60 Hz, the frequency common to North America. Electricity is also delivered to homes and small businesses in the same manner as in Canada and the contiguous United States with a split-phase 120/240 volt service.

Isolation from other power grids 
In 2014, an interconnector to the Western Interconnection of British Columbia was proposed to the Alaska Energy Authority in order to bring cleaner, cheaper power to Alaska, but as of 2016, no further work on the project had been completed due to economic feasibility.

Impact to cost 
Because the transmission networks in Alaska are isolated from other interconnections in North America, average rates for electricity are $0.18 per kWh – the second highest price in the United States after Hawaii, whose average residential rate is $0.37 per kWh. In contrast, the average rate for electricity in the 48 contiguous states is $0.10 per kWh.

See also

 Alaska Electric Light & Power

References

Electric power transmission system operators in the United States
Electric power transmission system operators in North America
Electric power transmission system operators in Canada
Companies based in Salt Lake City
Companies established in 2002
2002 establishments in Utah
Electric power transmission systems in the United States
Electricity in Alaska
Bacteria collective motion. Bacteria collective motion refers to the collective behavior of bacteria observed in the bacteria world.

Collective motion 

Collective motion (or collective behavior) is a common phenomenon in our daily life. From bird flocks to the human gathering, and from colonies of army ants to swimming bacteria, collective behaviors happens all the time.

The definition of collective motion varies slightly in different researches, but the core is the same. According to Tamás Vicsek et al., collective behavior refers to the phenomenon that an individual unit’s action is dominated by the influence of the ‘‘others’’.  

In a collective motion system, some key characteristics should be included: the units of the system should be similar to each other; the units should be moving with a nearly a constant absolute velocity and are able to change their direction; and the units in the system should be able to interact with fellow units and respond to environmental change.

Bacteria swimming 

The patterns of bacteria collective motion are very different from the motion pattern of an individual bacterium. When flagellated bacteria are moving in bulk liquid, where the locomotion of one individual doesn’t affect the others, this movement is called swimming. single  Escherichia coli bacterium swims in a ‘run-and-tumble’ motion.

Bacteria swarming
At a moist surface or in a thin liquid film, flagellated bacteria will exert another pattern, which is called swarming motility. Bacteria swarming refers to a rapid cellular bacterial surface movement powered by rotating flagella. Key features of swarming bacteria are large-scale swirling and streaming motions.

During Escherichia coli swarming, in the edge area, the density of the bacteria is the lowest; in the peak area, the cell density is the highest, followed by falloff, where the density drops, and plateau 1 and 2, where the density remains almost the same.

Visualization tools 
Many methods have been applied to visualize the collective motion of bacteria collective motion, but the most popular one is Particle image velocimetry (PIV).

See also
 Swarm intelligence

References

Bacteriology
Microbial population biology
Minor losses in pipe flow. Minor losses in pipe flow are a major part in calculating the flow, pressure, or energy reduction in piping systems. Liquid moving through pipes carries momentum and energy due to the forces acting upon it such as pressure and gravity. Just as certain aspects of the system can increase the fluids energy, there are components of the system that act against the fluid and reduce its energy, velocity, or momentum. Friction and minor losses in pipes are major contributing factors.

Friction Losses 
Before being able to use the minor head losses in an equation, the losses in the system due to friction must also be calculated.

Equation for friction losses:

= Frictional head loss

= Downstream velocity

 = Gravity of Earth

 = Hydraulic radius

 =Total length of piping

 = Fanning friction factor

Total Head Loss
After both minor losses and friction losses have been calculated, these values can be summed to find the total head loss.

Equation for total head loss, , can be simplified and rewritten as:

= Frictional head loss

= Downstream velocity

 = Gravity of Earth

 = Hydraulic radius

 =Total length of piping

 = Fanning friction factor

= Sum of all kinetic energy factors in system

Once calculated, the total head loss can be used to solve the Bernoulli Equation and find unknown values of the system.

See also
 Hydraulic head
 Total dynamic head

Notes 

Piping
Fluid dynamics
OZ Systems. OZ Systems is a Texas-based health innovation technology company that develops and implements information technology platforms primarily focused on newborn screening.

History 
OZ Systems was founded in 1996 in Arlington, Texas by Dr. Ken Pool and Dr. Terese Finitzo, to build an integrated technology system that measures, tracks, analyzes and reports hospital data. In 2000, OZ Systems was awarded a statewide contract for Texas Newborn Hearing Screening. In 2013, OZ Systems developed their OZ Telepathy technology for CCHD screening that captures information directly from pulse oximeters to improve interpretive accuracy. Since then, OZ Systems has partnered with Iowa and Minnesota to provide integrated Newborn Screening Information Systems for both states. In 2014, The Newborn Foundation awarded OZ Systems CEO Dr. Terese Finitzo the EVE Innovation Award for achievements in newborn screening, policy and technology. In 2015, OZ Systems partnered with JPS Health Network on their newborn screening practice.

References 

Information technology companies of the United States
Hazem (UAV). Hazem () is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used by the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Hazem is a long-range UAV that can also be used to bombard targets. According to the commander of the air defense headquarters, the Hazem was designed in three models; short, medium and long range. They were created for a hidden layer Anbiya Air Defense Base Camp by air defense experts.  The UAV is used in reconnaissance missions. Hazem UAVs can be armed with explosives.

One researcher says the Hazem is unlikely to have a serious tactical impact for Iran in high-intensity warfare because of the drone's lack of stealth.

Models 
 Hazem 1:  long-range
Hazem 2:  medium-range
Hazem 3:  short-range

References 

Aircraft manufacturers of Iran
Unmanned military aircraft of Iran
Mehrab (missile). Mehrab () or Altar is an Iranian-designed, short or mid-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) based on the Sayyad-2 .

Design 
According to IRGC officials speaking to Iranian state-media sources, the missile contains "a built-in system that enables it to thwart jammers".  The missile was tested fired reportedly between December 2011 and January 2012.

References 

Surface-to-air missiles of Iran
Naval surface-to-air missiles
Guided missiles of Iran
Mike Quigley (businessman). Michael P. Quigley  (born 1953) is an Australian telecommunication business executive. He was the first Chief Executive Officer of NBN Co.

Career
He studied at the University of New South Wales where he received a Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Engineering (Hons 1).

From 1971 to 2007 he worked for Alcatel, including the position of COO for the company's American arm. At Alcatel Australia he was responsible for Alcatel’s business in Australia and New Zealand and established an early focus on research and development and technical management.
At Alcatel USA he was  Chief Operating Officer in USA,  President and Chief Executive Officer of Alcatel’s Fixed Communications Group in Paris.
He was  President responsible for infrastructure products, including network switches and optical communications systems.
He was Alcatel's Chief Operating Officer.

From 24 July 2009 to 3 October 2013 he was chief executive officer of NBN Co Limited.

He was a board member of Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS).

NBN
Mike Quigley was appointed chief executive officer (CEO) of NBN Co on . In June 2010 he would donate $2 million  to Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), which will use the NBN to deliver remote rehabilitation therapy to stroke patients via the Nintendo Wii game console. Two million dollars is approximately equivalent to the NBN CEO's first year salary.

Mike Quigley announced in July 2013 that he would retire from NBN Co, staying on until a new CEO was found. He departed on 3 October 2013, replaced by former OPTUS & Telstra CEO Ziggy Switkowski as Executive Chairman (and Interim CEO) with immediate effect.

In December 2013, Telsoc (formerly ATUG), the Australian Society for Telecommunications & Digital Communications, awarded their "Charles Todd Medal" for Excellence in Telecommunications to Michael Malone and Mike Quigley. Quigley's acceptance speech at Telsoc.

In 2015 Quigley, as past CEO of NBN Co, publicly attacked the NBN and the MTM, noting cost blowouts and delays that he said were the fault of changes made by the Coalition government to the rollout plan.

Other roles
Quigley is director of the Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute.

Honours
In 2022, Quigley was appointed Member of the Order of Australia in the 2022 Queen's Birthday Honours for "significant service to the telecommunications sector, and to education".

References

1953 births
Living people
Australian businesspeople
Members of the Order of Australia
NBN Co people
People from Chatham, Kent