omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Barbara Kegerreis Lunde. Barbara Kegerreis Lunde (born 1937) is an American physicist and electrical engineer. She worked for NASA in the 1960s, where she developed several instruments for various projects. Lunde became the second woman to graduate from Iowa State University with a doctorate in physics and the first woman in Iowa to become a professional electrical engineer.

Biography 
Lunde, the daughter of an electrical engineer, physicist and radiologist, grew up in Elmhurst, Illinois. She graduated from York Community High School in 1955. After high school, she earned a bachelor's and master's degree in physics at Northwestern University in 1957 and 1959, respectively. After graduation, Lunde was hired at MIT, working on the design of guidance systems for the minuteman missile. Also while at MIT, she developed and later patented a digital accelerometer. In 1961, she started working as an engineer at the Goddard Space Flight Center where helped develop a more simple jet propellant system for use in space. She also worked as project manager on the Reliable Earth Sensor. Early in her career, Lunde recalls that she was often the only woman at scientific conferences.

Lunde moved to Ames, Iowa where she helped build a radio station and where she also started studying at Iowa State University. The radio station, KLFM, co-owned with her husband Paul, was built and maintained by Lunde. Later in 1970, she became the second woman to  graduate from Iowa State with a doctorate in physics. Lunde was also the first woman to become a professional electrical engineer in Iowa. Lunde also worked as an assistant professor at Iowa State. In the 1980s, another job emerged from her work in radio, when Lunde started creating underwear to protect wearers from electromagnetic radiation. She called the company Silver Lining.

Lunde started working as an aerospace technologist for the FAA in 2003 as a Training Specialist. She retired in 2013 and moved to Minneapolis. In 2015, she was honored with a Richard S. Alberg Distinguished Science and Technology Professional Award.

References 

1937 births
NASA people
People from Elmhurst, Illinois
American electrical engineers
American women physicists
Iowa State University alumni
Iowa State University faculty
Engineers from Minneapolis
Living people
American women academics
21st-century American women
Lists of fellows of the IEEE. , the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has 7,236 members designated Fellow, each of whom is associated with at least one of the 41 societies under the IEEE.

The Fellow grade of membership is the highest level of membership, and cannot be applied for directly by the member – instead the candidate must be nominated by others. This grade of membership is conferred by the IEEE board of directors in recognition of a high level of demonstrated extraordinary accomplishment.

 Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society – List of fellows
 Antennas & Propagation Society – List of fellows
 IEEE Broadcast Technology Society – List of fellows
 Circuits and Systems Society – List of fellows
 Communications Society – List of fellows
 Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology Society – List of fellows
 Computational Intelligence Society – List of fellows
 Computer Society – List of fellows
 Consumer Electronics Society – List of fellows
 Control Systems Society – List of fellows
 Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society – List of fellows
 Education Society – List of fellows
 Electromagnetic Compatibility Society – List of fellows
 Electron Devices Society – List of fellows
 Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society – List of fellows
 Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society – List of fellows
 Industrial Electronics Society – List of fellows
 Industry Applications Society 
 Information Theory Society – List of fellows
 Instrumentation & Measurement Society – List of fellows
 Intelligent Transportation Systems Society – List of fellows
 Magnetics Society – List of fellows
 Microwave Theory and Techniques Society – List of fellows
 Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society – List of fellows
 Oceanic Engineering Society – List of fellows
 Photonics Society – List of fellows
 Power Electronics Society – List of fellows
 Power & Energy Society – List of fellows
 Product Safety Engineering Society – List of fellows
 Professional Communication Society – List of fellows
 Reliability Society – List of fellows
 Robotics and Automation Society – List of fellows
 Signal Processing Society – List of fellows
 Society on Social Implications of Technology – List of fellows
 Solid-State Circuits Society – List of fellows
 Systems, Man & Cybernetics Society – List of fellows
 Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control Society – List of fellows
 Technology and Engineering Management Society – List of fellows
 Vehicular Technology Society – List of fellows

References
Transducer ID. XID or Transducer ID is a device communications bus system designed by Airmar Technology Corp., US to enable an echosounder to identify the type of ultrasonic transducer being connected.
This allows the echosounder to adjust for the specific properties of the transducer such as frequency, power rating, beam pattern.

Communication is done over a single wire in a controller-device pattern with the echosounder as controller, and the transducer as device.
Whileas electrically similar to 1-Wire, its protocol has no means of enumeration of multiple devices.

The system is implemented by Garmin and Raymarine in some of their echosounders.

Protocol 

The bus is designed to work with 5V as logical 1, 0V as logical 0 with some means of protection against accidental connection to a boat's 12V DC system.
The slave may be powered from the bus.

Low level signalling 

Signalling is made with four types of bit primitives:
 "read" bit primitive
 "write 1" bit primitive
 "write 0" bit primitive
 "reset" bit primitive

Timing Constraints

"reset" bit primitive 

"reset" aborts all commands and instructs transducer to enter its initial state.

"read" bit primitive 

The transducer's controller is attached to the signalling line via a bidirectional IO pin with a weak pull-up resistor.
The controller's IO pin is in high impedance state. After receiving the "read" bit primitive, it becomes an output to drive the bus low as required.

"write 1" bit primitive

"write 0" bit primitive

Commands 

The echosounder can issue four different commands.
Bit order is LSB first.

RESET command 
RESET is issued as a bit primitive as described above.

READ_VERSION command 
READ_VERSION is issued as Opcode 0xCC written to the slave.

Afterwards, a sequence of bytes is read with the first byte denoting the byte length of the available data.

READ_VERSION should be the first command after a RESET.

READ_BYTE command 

READ_BYTE is issued as Opcode 0x33 and an 8 bit address written to the slave.

Valid addresses are 0..126, inclusive.

Afterwards, the result byte is clocked in.

READ_BLOCK command 

READ_BLOCK is issued as Opcode 0x33.

Afterwards, a sequence of bytes is read with the first byte denoting the byte length of the available data.
The last two bytes are a 16 bit checksum (big endian) using CRC-16-IBM algorithm.

CHECK_STATUS command 

CHECK_STATUS is identical to the "read" bit primitive command.

If the transducer's processor is not able to respond, the bus will remain high during the read.

If the transducer's processor is waiting for a command, it answers the "read" bit primitive command by pulling the bus to low.

References

 
 

Transducers
Heli Jantunen. Heli Maarit Jantunen (born December 10, 1958) is a Finnish Professor of Technology at the University of Oulu and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the National Defense. She works on microelectronics and is a member of the 6G Flagship.

Education and early career 
Jantunen studied at the University of Oulu. After graduating, she studied a range of graduate degrees and eventually spent ten years in industry. In 2001 she returned to the University of Oulu for her doctoral studies, studying ceramic materials for use in telecommunications. She used low temperature co-firing ceramics to create radio frequency and microwave components. She was appointed to the faculty at the University of Oulu in 2004.

Research and career 
Jantunen was made Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Oulu in 2008. Jantunen was supported by a European Research Council grant to investigate low temperature ceramics. She is interested in materials that can be printed on paper to use in novel electronic devices.

She demonstrated that it is possible to make electroceramics that can operate at low temperatures, making it possible to use 3D printing and low cost fabrication techniques. Before the work of Jantunen, the temperature required to produce electroceramics has been too high to process with semiconductor and polymers. Jantunen has reduced the ceramic production temperature below 500 °C, making it possible to integrate with heat sensitive materials and reducing energy costs by up to 30 %. Jantunen uses sintering to create a solid without melting. She has also demonstrated it is possible to integrate low temperature ceramics with carbon nanotubes.

Awards and honours 
Her awards and honours include;

 2013 Elected to the World Academy of Ceramics
 2013 Elected to the Academy of Technical Sciences
 2014 Linköping University honorary doctorate
 2018 Nokia Foundation Award
 2016 Parliamentary Innovation Award for Women
 2019 Finnish Science Prize  Finnish science prize

Jantunen has over 70 patents. Jantunen is an Honorary Professor at National Taipei University of Technology.

Selected publications

References 

Finnish women academics
Finnish women scientists
1958 births
Academic staff of the University of Oulu
Living people
Code One. Code One or commonly known as Korean Air Force One is the name of the Republic of Korea Air Force aircraft which carries the President of South Korea.  The current aircraft is a specially upgraded Boeing 747-8I leased from Korean Air. 

Historically, the lease for Code One has been filled by either Korean Air or Asiana Airlines. It was reported in 2018 that Korean Air's lease expires in March 2021 and that a bidding process was open to secure a new lease. Government officials said that low-cost carriers might be requested to submit bids, in addition to those requested by Asiana Airlines and Korean Air.

The aircraft has undergone a "full-scale renovation" which will include "decorating the exterior", as well as customising the interior to include a sleeping area and office, as well as reinforcement to protect the president's security.

The current presidential plane has been in service since January 2022 after extensive retrofitting and inspection. There is also an identical plane of the same type that will travel with the president at all times for security purposes and to act as a backup in case of an emergency.

Acquisition 
In 2010 as part of the VC-X program the Republic of Korea Air Force along with the Presidential Security Service leased a Boeing 747-400 from Korean Air to serve as Code One. The contract was extended until 2021 due to an administrative problem.

In March 2020, the lease for Code One ended and the bidding process from Korean Air and Asiana Airlines began. When the bidding process was concluded the South Korean Air Force and the Presidential Security Service decided that Korean Air would get the contract to provide the new Code One aircraft.

Other Presidential Aircraft
Before 2010, the President would travel in a reconfigured Boeing 747 provided by either Korean Air or Asiana Airlines which would temporarily serve as Code One with the Presidential seal displayed. When official use was over, the aircraft was reverted to normal and used once again as a commercial aircraft.

Security 
Code One has a vast array of security measures most of which are highly classified. Code One is equipped with advanced communications and defense systems including radar-signal jammers and flares to defend against heat-seeking missiles.

Interior
The interior of the aircraft is mostly unknown and classified, but what is known, is that the aircraft is reconfigured with an office and a bedroom among other amenities. Code One is not only meant for travel and comfort but also as a command post, that is used for the president to lead the country from anywhere in the world. It is also meant for them to fulfill their duties as the Commander-in-Chief and supreme authority of the armed forces.

See also
 Air transports of heads of state and government
 List of official vehicles of the president of South Korea
 President of South Korea
 Transportation of the president of South Korea

References

Call signs
South Korean military aircraft
Air transport of heads of state
Presidential aircraft
AIM Altitude. AIM Altitude (Aircraft Interiors Manufacturers) was a main British manufacturer of aircraft cabins, and their components, for airliners.

History
The original company was registered on 24 June 1940. It became known as AIM Aviation in 1990.

W.Henshall & Sons Ltd made components for aircraft interiors. By the 1970s, the company was known as Henshall Group, which also contained Fliteform of Heathrow. 

In 1978 the Aircraft Interiors Manufacturers Group was formed from four companies.
By the 1980s the group was called AIM Group plc, and contained Jecco Aviation of Dorset. AIM Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange in March 1982, valuing the group at £14.7m

In the 1960s, British European Airways (BEA) carried their equipment. In the 1990s it sponsored the Air League Flying Scholarship competition.

AIM Aviation became AIM Altitude in 2014.

Structure
It is situated to the west of the A318 in Byfleet in Surrey, between the M25 and A318, and close to the River Wey. Byfleet & New Haw railway station is around 300 metres to the north.

Divisions
 AIM Research & Development was in West Sussex
 Henshall Bonded Assemblies of Cambridge became AIM Composites, and made fire-proof fabrics with Nomex; AIM Composites is now off the A10 on the Denny End Industrial Estate in Denny End in South Cambridgeshire
 Jecco Aviation of Dorset made aircraft seating; Jecco was founded in 1926.

Products
In the 1980s, the company was experienced with fitting interiors for the British Aerospace 146, Boeing 737 and BAC One-Eleven. It also makes interiors for helicopters.

See also
 Aerolux of Lancashire
 B/E Aerospace of the USA
 Bucher Group of Switzerland
 Diehl Stiftung of Germany
 JAMCO of Japan

References

External links
 AIM Altitude

Aircraft cabin components
Aircraft component manufacturers of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1940
Companies based in Cambridgeshire
Companies based in Surrey
Manufacturing companies established in 1940
South Cambridgeshire District
Georgia Destouni. Georgia "Gia" Destouni (born 26 January 1961) is a Professor of Hydrology at Stockholm University. She works on the Baltic Sea Region Programme as well as studying the impact of climate change on societies in Northern Europe. She is the chair of the Global Wetland Ecohydrology Network (GWEN) and was involved with the National Geosphere Laboratory.

Early life and education 
Destouni studied civil engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, earning her Master's degree in 1987. She remained there for her doctoral studies, working in hydraulic engineering and completing her PhD in 1991. Owing to Destouni's contributions to academia, she was awarded a docent degree in 1993.

Research and career 
Destouni was a research fellow at the Swedish Natural Science Research Council from 1992 to 1998. Here she worked on hydrological transport models, and spent a year as a visiting scientist at the University of Florida. Her early research included the transport of solutes by groundwater in aquifers. In particular, she looked at hydrological transport in soil-groundwater systems. Destouni was appointed as an Associate Professor at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in 1998, and was made a full Professor in 1999.

In 2005 Destouni moved to Stockholm University. She has looked at leaching from mining rocks, and how pollution can be managed in large water resource systems. She has investigated how nutrient loads are discharged into the Baltic Sea. During these investigations, she identified hotspots of pollution that had been overlooked from environmental monitoring. After Destouni identified these hotspots, Sweden set up 10 new monitoring stations to augment the environmental network.

Destouni was one of the first to demonstrate the impact of dams and irrigation on the global amount of fresh water. The freshwater footprint estimated by Destouni and colleagues was significantly larger than previously thought.

Academic service 
Destouni was made Secretary General of the Swedish Research Council Formas in 2013. In 2014 she was elected to Academia.Net for her work in hydrology. She was elected to the Scientific Advisory Committee of Science Europe in 2016. She serves as the Vice Chair of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and is part of the Baltic Sea Region Programme. She is a board member of the Stockholm Resilience Centre, as well as a member of the American Geophysical Union Union Fellows Committee.

Awards and honours 
 2003 Elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
 2003 Elected to the Academy of Engineering Sciences
 2013 European Geosciences Union Henry Darcy Medal
 2015 Elected to the American Geophysical Union

References 

Women geophysicists
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Geophysicists
KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
1961 births
Living people
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Indian locomotive class WAM-1. The Indian locomotive class WAM-1 was a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in the late 1950s by the Groupement 50Hz (a consortium of European locomotive manufacturers) for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), AC Current (A), Mixed traffic (M) locomotive, 1st generation (1). They entered service in 1960, thus making them the first AC electric locomotives to be in service in India. A total of 100 WAM-1s were built by the European consortium between 1959 and 1961, which made them the most numerous class of mainline electric locomotive until the WAG-1.

The WAM-1 served both passenger and freight trains for over 40 years. This class, though initially not a great success, provided the basic design for the WAM-4, which a number of other locomotives are based upon. However, with the advent of new 3-phase locomotives like the WAP-5 and WAP-7, the aging fleet of WAM-1 locomotives were relegated to freight and shunting duties, with all of them eventually being withdrawn from service. The single surviving unit named 'Jagjivan Ram' has been preserved at the National Rail Museum in New Delhi.

Locomotive shed 
  All locomotives of this class had been withdrawn from service.

See also

Indian Railways
Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

External links 

[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives—Specific classes : AC Electric
[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Diesel and Electric Locomotive Specifications

25 kV AC locomotives
B-B locomotives
Electric locomotives of India
Railway locomotives introduced in 1959
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
PipeWire. PipeWire is a server for handling audio, video streams, and hardware on Linux. It was created by Wim Taymans at Red Hat. It handles multimedia routing and pipeline processing.

History
In 2015, Taymans started work on PipeWire. It was based on ideas from several existing projects, including one called PulseVideo by William Manley. According to Red Hat's Christian Schaller, it drew many of its ideas from an early PulseVideo prototype by Manley and builds upon some of the code that was merged into GStreamer due to that effort. A goal of the project was to improve handling of video on Linux in the same way that PulseAudio improved handling of audio.

Although a separate project from PulseAudio, Taymans initially considered using the name "PulseVideo" for the new project. By June 2015, the name "Pinos" was being used, after the city Pinos de Alhaurin in Spain, where Taymans used to live.

Initially, Pinos only handled video streams. By early 2017, Taymans had started working on integrating audio streams. Taymans wanted to support both consumer and professional audio use cases, and consulted Paul Davis (Jack developer) and Robin Gareus  (Ardour developer) for advice on implementation for professional audio. At this time, the name PipeWire was adopted for the project.

In November 2018, PipeWire was re-licensed from the LGPL to the MIT License.

In April 2021, Fedora Linux 34 became the first Linux distribution to ship PipeWire for audio by default. A year later, Pop! OS adopted it as the default audio server in version 22.04. It was made the default audio server in Ubuntu beginning with version 22.10. In 2023, it was adopted as the default audio server for the GNOME desktop environment in Debian 12 Bookworm.

Features 
The project aims include:
 To work with sandboxed Flatpak applications.
 To provide secure methods for screenshotting and screencasting on Wayland compositors.
 To unify handling of cases managed by JACK and PulseAudio.

References

External links 
 

Audio software for Linux

Video software for Linux
Pascale Braconnot. Pascale Braconnot is a Climate Scientist in the Climate and Environmental Sciences at the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace. She was involved in writing the IPCC Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports.

Early life and education 
During her doctoral studies Braconnot worked on tropic ocean models using statistical methods. She is interested in the amplification of Asian and African monsoons during the holocene. Braconnot was one of the first to use a three-dimensional coupled ocean model to show the importance of ocean feedback in glacial inception. She has worked on El Niño and the Holocene insolation. In 1992 she was appointed a French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission.

Research and career 
Braconnot is a Professor of Climate Change at the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace. She is a member of the Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID) group. Her work considers ocean-atmosphere coupling, ocean acidification and climate simulations. Braconnot studies past climates to better understand the role of climate feedback. She has also worked on axial tilt and precession during interglacial period. Braconnot has been involved with the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, which analyses climate model outputs.

In 2014 Braconnot was awarded a €2.7 million grant from the BNP Paribas foundation for climate research. She was involved with the IPCC Fourth and Fifth Assessment Reports. She was selected to be involved with the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report scoping meeting in 2017. In 2017 Braconnot signed a letter to Emmanuel Macron to express concern about France withdrawing from nuclear power. In 2019 Braconnot was elected as an Officer of the World Climate Research Programme Joint Scientific Committee.

Awards and honours 

 2009 European Geosciences Union Milankovich Medal
 2012 Legion d'honneur
 2015 Elected to the Academia Europaea

References 

French climatologists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Women climatologists
21st-century French scientists
21st-century French women scientists
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Members of Academia Europaea