omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wight Twin. The Wight Twin was a British large twin-engined aircraft of the First World War. It was a twin-engined, twin boom biplane. One was built as a landplane for France, while three more similar aircraft were built as Seaplanes for the British Royal Naval Air Service. Both versions were unsuccessful and saw no service.

Development and design
In summer 1914, just before the outbreak of the First World War, the French government ordered a single example of a twin-engined bomber from the Samuel White shipyard in Cowes, Isle of Wight. The result, designed by Howard T. Wright, chief designer of White's aircraft department (which operated as Wight Aircraft after its location), was a very large twin boom biplane with five-bay folding wings, powered by two 200 hp (149 kW) Salmson water-cooled radial engines fitted in the front of the fuselage booms.  The crew of three was housed in a small central nacelle between the twin booms and situated on the lower wing.

The Twin Landplane was completed in July 1915, and was found to have adequate flying characteristics during testing at Eastchurch during August. In September 1915, however, a French test pilot crashed the Twin Landplane during acceptance testing, and the contract for the aircraft was cancelled.

At the same time, the British Admiralty required a long range aircraft capable of carrying the 18 inch torpedoes thought necessary to sink large warships. An order was therefore placed with Samuel White's for a large torpedo carrying aircraft. The resulting Twin Seaplane was based closely on the Twin Landplane, with the central nacelle removed and cockpits for the crew of two fitted in the two fuselages behind the wings. The first prototype, which was delayed by the unavailability of the engines, was completed in 1916, but proved during testing to be unable to carry both a torpedo and a full fuel load. Two modified aircraft followed, with longer float struts and new tail surfaces. These two aircraft also proved underpowered, and the type was abandoned, with the last Twin Seaplane written off in 1917.

Specifications (Twin Seaplane)

See also

References

Some sources  state a wingspan of 117 ft (35.67 m)

Goodall, Mike. "Wight Elephants: Murray Sueter's Quest for a Large Military Aircraft". Air Enthusiast, No. 73, January/February 1998. Stamford, Lincs, UK:Key Publishing. . pp. 14–19.
Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London:Putnam, 1994. .

Wight aircraft
1910s British bomber aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Twin-boom aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Taylorcraft Ranch Wagon. 

The Taylorcraft Model 20 Ranch Wagon was a four-seat cabin monoplane designed and built by Taylorcraft Aircraft as a development of the earlier experimental Model 18. The Model 20 was constructed of moulded fibreglass over a tubular framework. It had a conventional landing gear and a nose-mounted 225 hp (168 kW) Continental O-470-J engine.

Variants
Model 20 Ranch Wagon
Utility model powered by a 225hp (168kW) Continental O-470-J engine.
Model 20 Zephyr 400
Tourer variant of 1958 with detailed changes from the basic Model 20.
Model 20AG Topper
Agricultural variant. Chemical hopper or tank in rear of cabin.
Model 20 Seabird
Floatplane variant.

Specifications (Ranch Wagon)

References

 

 

1950s United States civil utility aircraft
Ranch Wagon
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1955
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft with conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
IAR-15. The IAR 15 was a low-wing monoplane fighter designed in Romania in 1933. Designed by Elie Carafoli for the Romanian Air Force, the IAR 15 was a lightly armed low-wing cantilever monoplane with a radial engine, fixed undercarriage and open cockpit.

Development
The sustained efforts of Elie Carafoli and his team paid dividends when the first order for IAR 14 was finally placed. With production started and a small profit secured, Dipl.-Eng. Carafoli decided to try something new. The result was the I.A.R. 15. The inline engine was abandoned and instead a radial powerplant was substituted. Accordingly, the front fuselage underwent a major redesign. The cross-section was rounded and an NACA ring covered the 600 h.p. (447 kW) Gnome & Rhône 9Krse engine. With the new nine-cylinder radial the aircraft attained a top speed of 375 km/h at 4,000 m and could climb to 5,000 m in 8 minutes. The ceiling was raised to 10,500 m and an endurance of 600 km was possible. The I.A.R. 15 could intercept any contemporary major bomber type.

Alongside the new front fuselage section, other structural changes had been implemented as well. The cross-section of the rear fuselage was enlarged and reinforced. The fuselage was a steel tube structure covered with dural forward of the cockpit and fabric aft.
The tail was redesigned again, this time to a triangular shape and was also built of steel tube and dural-covered. An aerodynamically improved single strut undercarriage featuring wheel spats was fitted near the wing roots and a small wheel replaced the previous tailskid. Instead of the crash-pylon featured on earlier models, a rounded knob appeared behind the pilot's headrest.
The wings were rounded and shortened to 11.00 m, giving 19.00 m2 total area, and were built around two dural spars with a mixture of wood and metal ribs. 
The open cockpit was aft of the wing trailing edge. The undercarriage had a wide track, with vertical wire braced and faired legs carrying spatted main wheels.

Power was from an  I.A.R. 9KIc40 licence-built Gnome-Rhône 9K engine of 450 kW (600 hp) enclosed in a NACA cowling. In the first prototype this drove a two-bladed wooden airscrew, but later machines had three-bladed metal propellers.

Five prototypes were built. Tests showed that the IAR 15 was as fast as competing aircraft, chiefly the PZL P.11, but less manoeuvrable and no other orders were placed.

Operational history
In all aspects, the I.A.R.-15, test flown in early 1934 by 1st Lt. Alex. Papana, was a good match for other monoplane fighter types of its time, such as the Dewoitine D.500 of L'Armée de l'Air, the Boeing P-26 "Peashooter" of the U.S. Army Air Corps or the Polikarpov I-16 of the Voyenno-vozdushnyye sily. 
The speed capability of the I.A.R.15 was judged excellent and it established a national altitude record of 11631m in 1936.

Operators

Royal Romanian Air Force

Specifications

References

1930s Romanian fighter aircraft
15
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Laville PS-89. The Laville PS-89, also known as the ZIG-1, was an airliner produced in small numbers in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Design work commenced in 1933 to provide Aeroflot with an airliner of contemporary design, to replace the obsolete Tupolev ANT-9s and Kalinin K-5s then in service. Designed by French engineer André Laville, it was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design, with twin engines in wing-mounted nacelles, and retractable tailwheel undercarriage. Construction was of metal throughout, except for the fabric skinning of the control surfaces. Laville left the project before the prototype was built, and A.V. Kulev replaced him to lead the project.

The prototype first flew in Spring 1935, but on 27 November, it crashed when the horizontal stabilizer failed during a landing approach. Kulev and five others were killed. The crash was attributed to a flaw in the workmanship, not in the design, and work continued on the project under the leadership of P.I. Eberzin.

A second prototype flew in spring 1937, and a small series of six machines followed from 1937 to 1938. All seven were soon put to use on the Moscow–Simferopol route, where they served until the outbreak of the German-Soviet War. Between 29 September and 11 October 1938 S. Fokanov and S. Andreev flew a PS-89 over the capital cities of all eleven republics of the Soviet Union, covering  in 44 hours and 40 minutes.

Operators

Aeroflot

Specifications (variant)

See also

Notes

References
 

 
 

1930s Soviet airliners
Asiarunner. The Siemens Asiarunner locomotives are contemporaries to the Eurorunner class and are designed specifically for the South-East Asian market - in particular metre gauge - key features are a Co'Co' wheel arrangement (resulting in low axle loads) and good clearance (see Loading gauge)

Development

Much of the development of the Asiarunner locomotive had to be done from scratch, since Siemens had no contemporary example of a narrow gauge, or of a locomotive that was built to a smaller loading gauge that UIC 505-1.

Nevertheless, the design mirrors in part the modular concept found in Siemens other locomotives (the Eurosprinter and Eurorunner). The main frame is one such module. The drivers cabins are also modular components.

Access to the main engine compartment is via the roof, which has three removable segments, there is a single side corridor which allows an escape route in the event of certain emergencies (compare the wide gauge Eurorunners which have two passageways)

The engine is a 12-cylinder MTU model - similar to that used in the Eurorunner except with 12 instead of 16 cylinders.

The locos can work in multiple with up to three connected.

Operators 

Whilst the Asiarunner was designed for use in Asia, Africa, South America and Australia, its only operator is Vietnam Railways, with 16 AR15s running passenger and freight services on its Hanoi – Da Nang – Ho Chi Minh City route.

See also 
 Siemens Eurorunner
 Siemens Eurosprinter
 Narrow gauge railways
 Rail transport in Vietnam

References

External links

 

Images

Siemens locomotives
Diesel locomotives of Vietnam
Co′Co′ locomotives
Sonti Kamesam. Sonti Kamesam (1890–30 November 1952) was an Indian timber engineer and scientist who worked at the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. He is best known for his patented wood preservative, ASCU, from the chemical symbols for Arsenic and Copper. The treatment was patented in Britain from 1934 and in the US from 1938. It also went by the name of Chromated Copper Arsenate or CCA in the United States of America from around the 1950s. In his treatment, copper is a fungicide, arsenic is a secondary fungicide and insecticide, while chromium is a fixative which also provides ultraviolet (UV) light resistance. Recognized for the greenish tint it imparts to timber. this preservative was extremely popular for many decades until arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity was recognized by the US EPA and other regulators.

Kamesam was born in Narsapur in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and was a younger brother of S. V. Ramamurthy. After primary education at Visakhapatnam, he graduated from Presidency College, Chennai and obtained his B.E. from Guindy Engineering College. He also obtained an ME (honours) and became a Member of the Institution of Engineers (India). He joined in Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun and later promoted as an Expert-in-charge of Wood Preservation. He was sent to Germany for research and worked with Richard Falck (1873-1955), a specialist on fungi and their damage to wood. They developed the 'Falkamesam arsenic-copper mixture' which was patented in Poland in 1932. Until then Wolman's formulation – famously known as Wolman Salts – contained dinitrophenol, a chemical manufactured by Hicksons, UK. In 1933, Kamesam added Copper sulphate as an anti-fungal to the formula of Wolman Salts which worked against termite damage. In addition Kamesam introduced the use of chromium to bind the two salts to the fibres of wood. He received an Indian patent in 1933, a British patent in 1934 and a US patent in 1938.

The application of the ASCU process for use in the Indian Railways was examined by a committee headed by Sir C.V. Raman in 1933-34. In 1936 he designed a highway bridge with a 60-foot span. In order to prove the strength of the bridge, he made two adult elephants, each weighing in at around ten tons, walk across while his children stood underneath.

After retirement Kamesam joined Tiruvankur estate as director of the development department. He built many bridges with his preserved wood. He was awarded an honorary D.Sc. by Andhra University for his contributions in 1939. He wrote a booklet on Construction of Better and cheaper highway bridges in 1943.

References

External links 
 A note on Kamesam (with portrait)

Telugu people
1890 births
1952 deaths
People from West Godavari district
Engineers from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian engineers
20th-century Indian inventors
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
List of institutions of higher education in Bikaner. A list of universities and colleges in Bikaner in Rajasthan, India.

Universities 
 Maharaja Ganga Singh University
 Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
 Ram Narayan Bajaj Global University
 Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University
 Vardhman Mahavir Open University Kota, Bikaner

Colleges 

 B.J.S. Rampuria Jain Law College, Bikaner (RLC)
 Engineering College, Bikaner (ECB)
 College of Engineering & Technology, Bikaner
 Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner
 Veterinary College, Bikaner
 Marudhar Eng.college
 Keen College
 Dungar College
 Maharani Sudarshan College (M.S. College)
 B.J.S. Rampuria Jain College
 Shri Jain P.G. College
 Shri Nehru Sharda Peeth
 Binani Girls College
 Shri Jain Girls College
 Institute of Management Studies
 After School Centre for Social Entrepreneurship
 Government Polytechnic College Bikaner
 M.N Institute of Applied Sciences
 Manda Institute of Technology
 Basic PG College
 Sister Nivedita Girls College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

See also 
List of schools in Bikaner, Rajasthan

References

Universities and colleges
Bikaner
Bikaner
Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures. SPAA, the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, is an academic conference in the fields of parallel computing and distributed computing. It is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest groups SIGACT and SIGARCH, and it is organized in cooperation with the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS).

History 

SPAA was first organised on 18–21 June 1989, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. In 1989–2002, SPAA was known as Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures. In 2003, the name changed to Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures to reflect the extended scope of the conference.

In 2003 and 2007, SPAA was part of the Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC). In 1998, 2005, 2009, and 2024, SPAA was co-located with the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC).

See also 

 The list of distributed computing conferences contains other academic conferences in parallel and distributed computing.
 The list of computer science conferences contains other academic conferences in computer science.

Notes

External links 

 SPAA proceedings in ACM Digital Library.
 SPAA proceedings information in DBLP.

1989 establishments in New Mexico
Recurring events established in 1989
Distributed computing conferences
Theoretical computer science conferences
Association for Computing Machinery conferences
Hans H. Driessnack. Hans Helmuth Driessnack (August 11, 1927 – October 16, 2006) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force, in which he served as a fighter pilot and later, Comptroller of the Air Force.

Early life and education 
Driessnack was born in Yonkers, New York in 1927, and graduated from Charles E. Gorton High School in 1945. In 1951, he received a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering from Syracuse University, where he was enrolled in the AFROTC. He was also a member of the Syracuse Orange men's crew from 1947 to 1950.  In 1959, he received a master's degree in business administration from the Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio.

Military service
After graduating from Syracuse and the AFROTC program, Driessnack was commissioned as a second lieutenant in March 1951. He served as a base civil engineering officer until October, 1952, at which time he entered the pilot training program at Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas. In the spring of 1953, having completed combat crew training at what was then Pinecastle Air Force Base.

He deployed to South Korea, where he served as a fighter pilot in the 428th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, flying twenty-five combat missions during the Korean War. In March 1954, he was assigned to the 517th Strategic Fighter Wing at the Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana. He was then reassigned on base to the 407th Strategic Fighter Wing as a pilot and wing maintenance control officer. He also performed two periods of temporary duty, with the Far East Air Force and in Alaska.

After graduating from the Air Force Institute of Technology in 1959, Driessnack remained at Wright-Patterson to work as a research and development staff officer on the Douglas C-133 Cargomaster and Lockheed C-141 Starlifter programs. He entered the Air Command and Staff College in September 1962. In July 1963, he was transferred to the headquarters of the Air Force Systems Command at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland. He was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Comptroller, as an R&D officer in the Management Systems Development Division.

Driessnack graduated from the Naval War College in 1970 and returned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Comptroller at the Air Force Systems Command as the director of cost analysis. He served as the comptroller for the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base from 1972 to August 1974. He was then named the Deputy Chief of Staff, Comptroller at the Air Force Systems Command. In May 1976, he was promoted to deputy chief of staff, procurement and production. In August 1978, he was appointed as the comptroller of the Air Force. In July 1981, he was appointed as the assistant vice chief of staff at the headquarters of the U.S. Air Force in the Pentagon.

References

External links

1927 births
People from Yonkers, New York
United States Air Force generals
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
2006 deaths
Syracuse Orange rowers
Wired for War. Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century (Penguin, 2009) is a best-selling book by P. W. Singer. It explores how science fiction has started to play out on modern day battlefields, with robots used more and more in war.

About the book
For the book research, Singer, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution, interviewed hundreds of robot scientists, science fiction writers, soldiers, insurgents, politicians, lawyers, journalists, and human rights activists from around the world. Even before publication, the work had already been featured in the video game Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, as well as in presentations to audiences as diverse as the U.S. Army War College, Air Force Institute of Technology and the National Student Leadership Conference. Singer's 2009 book tour included stops on NPR's Fresh Air, the Daily Show with Jon Stewart, the opening of the TED conference, the Royal Court of the United Arab Emirates and presentations at 75 venues around the United States. The book was a non-fiction book of the year by the Financial Times and named to the official reading lists for the US Air Force, US Navy, and Royal Australian Navy.

See also
Virtual battlefield
Unmanned undersea vehicle
 Paul Virilio

References

External links
 P.W. Singer Author website
 Wired for War book website
 NPR Fresh Air interview
 Pritzker Military Library lecture

2009 non-fiction books
Technology books
American non-fiction books
Non-fiction books about war
International Paystar. The International Paystar (also known as 5000e and PayStar) is a series of trucks that was manufactured by International Harvester and its successor, Navistar International.  Produced from 1973 to 2017 across three generations, the Paystar replaced the long-running 210/230 and M-series. Developed for both on and off-road use, the Paystar was the largest commercially-marketed product range sold by International, intended for vocational applications (primarily construction-related).  For 2017, the Paystar underwent a substantial redesign, becoming the International HX series.

History
The PayStar was introduced by International Harvester in January 1972 as a construction-specific version of the conventional Transtar.

From 1972 through 1980, it was offered in two ranges: the 5050 with mid-range engines and the 5070 with heavy duty engines. Available in 4×4, 6×4, and 6×6 configurations, they were usually straight trucks but most offered trailer brake options. Semi tractors were also available.

1972-1986 models
Table covers the 1972-1974 Paystar range.

The second generation trucks increased weight capacity and engine power. The plate fenders and butterfly hoods were replaced with a one-piece forward tilting hood. The 5500 had a forward front axle, the 5600 had a setback, and the 5900 was a semi tractor.

2004 models

By 2013, the PayStar was commonly a semi tractor although straight truck applications were still offered. Severe service straight truck applications were handled by the Workstar series, which offered no semi-tractors. In 2013 the PayStar is only offered as a 6×4 or 8×6 with high horsepower engines.

2013 models

Gallery

Notes

References

External links
International Harvester PayStar (IMCDB.com)

International Harvester vehicles
Navistar International trucks
Vehicles introduced in 1972
Rock Island Railroad Bridge (Columbia River). The Rock Island Railroad Bridge is BNSF Railway's bridge across the Columbia River, at Rock Island, Washington. The structure consists of one through truss, one deck truss, and an approach trestle.

History
The bridge was originally built in 1892 for the Great Northern Railway. Bridging the Columbia River was an important component in completing Great Northern's transcontinental link the following year. The site was chosen at Rock Island, Washington for being the shortest distance between the banks of the Columbia River in Washington state. In 1925, it was decided to strengthen the main span in anticipation of increased traffic and heavier trains by reinforcing the structure with an additional outside truss frame.

References

Bridges completed in 1892
Bridges in Douglas County, Washington
Great Northern Railway (U.S.) bridges
Railroad bridges in Washington (state)
Bridges over the Columbia River
BNSF Railway bridges
Railroad bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Douglas County, Washington
1892 establishments in Washington (state)
Trestle bridges in the United States
Replica Plans SE.5a. 

The Replica Plans SE.5a is a Canadian designed biplane for amateur construction from Replica Plans. Designed as a 7/8 size (87.5%) replica of the first world war Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5. The prototype first flew in 1970 and is built of wood and fabric and can use engines from 65 to 125 hp. Estimated construction time is 2500 hours. Most aircraft are painted to represent SE5 aircraft flown in The Great War.

Specifications

See also

References

 

1970s Canadian sport aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Replica aircraft
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1970
Single-engined piston aircraft