omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ruth Blake. Ruth E. Blake is an American geochemist and environmental scientist. She is a professor at Yale University in earth & planetary sciences, environmental studies, and chemical & environmental engineering. Blake's work focuses on marine biogeochemical processes, paleoclimate, astrobiology, and stable isotope geochemistry.

Education 
Ruth Blake completed a B.S. degree in geology from Wayne State University and a M.S degree in hydrogeology from the University of Texas. She earned a Ph.D. in geochemistry from University of Michigan in 1998. Blake's doctoral research focused on how microbial activity can affect oxygen isotopes in phosphates.

Career and research
While a professor at Yale, Blake expanded on her graduate research focus using isotopic evidence in ancient marine phosphates to show that there was significant biological activity in the ocean during the Archean era.

Blake has worked on numerous other research topics related to biological and/or chemical activity in oceans, sediments, and soils. She has worked on methods development in isotope geochemistry.

Awards and honors
Blake was the 2002 winner of the F.W. Clarke Medal from  the Geochemical Society.

References

External links
 

Yale University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American geophysicists
American environmental scientists
Women geophysicists
21st-century American physicists
21st-century American women scientists
Wayne State University alumni
American women geologists
American women physicists
21st-century American geologists
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of Michigan alumni
American women academics
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American scientists
Project Pele. Project Pele is a project of the US Department of Defense to build a deployable nuclear power reactor for use in United States Armed Forces remote operating bases.

In 2020 the project was listed as relevant to lunar and Mars missions. presumably for surface operations rather than rocket propulsion.

Initial contracts
On 9 March 2020, the Department awarded three development contracts, to:
 BWX Technologies, of Virginia, for $13.5 million;
 Westinghouse Government Services of Washington, D.C. for $11.95 million; and
 X-energy of Maryland, for $14.3 million.

The two-year engineering design competition is for a small nuclear micro-reactor in the 1-5 megawatt (MWe) power range.

Development

Out of the initial three contracts - BWX Technologies, Westinghouse Government Services and X-energy - only BWX Technologies and X-energy were selected in 2021 to develop a final design for a prototype mobile microreactor under the Project Pele initiative, and then in June 2022 BWXT was awarded a contract by the US Department of Defense (DOD) Strategic Capabilities Office (SCO) to build the prototype and deliver it by 2024. The estimated cost of this prototype is approximately 300 million USD. In December 2022, BWXT started the TRISO fuel production at BWX Technologies Inc's Lynchburg facility in Virginia.

The envisaged reactor is intended to be deployable by road, rail, aircraft, or sea. It will be capable of quickly being brought on load, and be inherently safe. Information from: US Army Futures Command

See also
 Akademik Lomonosov, a Russian floating power plant with two 32 MWe reactors
 Army Nuclear Power Program, a similar US project in the 1960's

Notes

References

Nuclear reactors
Proposed nuclear power stations
Nuclear power in the United States
Proposed power stations in the United States
Mary L. Kraft. Mary L. Kraft is a full professor at the department of chemical and biological engineering at the University of Illinois and is also an affiliate professor in the department of chemistry.

Biography
Kraft earned her B.S. in Biochemistry from the University of Illinois Chicago in 1998 and went on to gain her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 2003 in the lab of Jeffrey S. Moore. The title of her dissertation was "Development and characterization of fatty acid-coated microgels within microfluidic systems." She was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Stanford University before returning to work at the University of Illinois in Urbana.

Kraft's research focuses on analyzing the structure and function of cells using computational statistics and imaging techniques. She won the Walter A. Shaw Young Investigator Award in Lipid Research in 2014, which is awarded by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and is given to a researcher within 10 years of completing their MD or PhD. She has authored more than 90 papers.

Awards and honors 

 Excellence in Advising Award, College of Engineering, University of Illinois, UC, 2008 
 Career Award at the Scientific Interface, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, 2007-2011 
 Kirschstein Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institutes of Health, 2003-2007 
 School of Chemical Sciences Excellence in Teaching, University of Illinois, 2014-2015 
 American Vacuum Society (AVS) Prairie Chapter Early-Career Research Award, 2015

References

External links

Living people
University of Illinois faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
American chemical engineers
Women chemical engineers
American biophysicists
Women biophysicists
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Ideal electrode. In electrochemistry, there are two types of ideal electrode, the ideal polarizable electrode and the ideal non-polarizable electrode. Simply put, the ideal polarizable electrode is characterized by charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte boundary and is electrically equivalent to a capacitor, while the ideal non-polarizable electrode is characterized by no charge separation and is electrically equivalent to a short.

Ideal polarizable electrode 

An ideal polarizable electrode (also ideally polarizable electrode or ideally polarized electrode or IPE) is a hypothetical electrode characterized by an absence of net DC current between the two sides of the electrical double layer, i.e., no faradic current exists between the electrode surface and the electrolyte.  Any transient current that may be flowing is considered non-faradaic. The reason for this behavior is that the electrode reaction is infinitely slow, with zero exchange current density, and behaves electrically as a capacitor.

The concept of the ideal polarizability has been first introduced by F.O. Koenig in 1934.

Ideal non-polarizable electrode 

An ideal non-polarizable electrode, is a hypothetical electrode in which a faradic current can freely pass (without polarization). Its potential does not change from its equilibrium potential upon application of current. The reason for this behavior is that the electrode reaction is infinitely fast, having an infinite exchange current density, and behaves as an electrical short.

Real examples of nearly ideal electrodes 

The classical examples of the two nearly ideal types of electrodes, polarizable and non-polarizable, are the mercury droplet electrode in contact with an oxygen-free KCl solution and the silver/silver chloride electrode, respectively.

References 

Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Guldbron. Guldbron "The Golden Bridge", formally Slussbron, is the main bridge for road traffic as well as pedestrians and cyclists that will connect the Old Town of Stockholm with Södermalm. The bridge, which is part of the Nya Slussen project, was opened on 25 October 2020 by king Carl XVI Gustaf. Due to its color scheme it is unofficially often called the Gold Bridge.

General
The bridge, which links Södermalm with the Old Town, is a steel structure manufactured by China Railway Shanhaiguan Bridge Group (CRSBG) in China. Skanska is the main contractor for the bridge construction, which includes planning, design, manufacturing, delivery and assembly. The bridge was designed by Spencer de Grey, chief architect at Foster + Partners. The company also designed the new Western Årsta Bridge (inaugurated 2003). The consulting company Ramboll was responsible for the design drawings. The bridge cost SEK 198 million.

Description

The main bridge of the lock is 140 meters long, 45 meters wide and the height varies between one meter (on the Old Town side) and seven meters (on the Södermalm side). The longest span (center section) measures 58 meters. The bridge has three carriageways, where the middle slopes down and connects to Söder Mälarstrand and Stadsgårdsleden respectively. The design is prepared to carry any future tramway traffic. The service life was estimated to be at least 120 years. The entire construction weighs approximately 3,700 tonnes and was built between March 2018 and September 2019 in Shanhaiguan and in Zhongshan where the final assembly took place.

Transport and assembly

The bridge was then transported in one piece by sea via the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean, through the English Channel and the Baltic to Stockholm where it arrived on 11 March 2020. The arrival was delayed several times due to bad weather. The transport took place on the ship MS Zhen Hua 33, a semi-submersible transport ship. Especially the long sea voyage has been criticized for its climate impact. The fact that the contractor Skanska's climate compensation for the freight also receives criticism, because it does not reduce emissions here and now.

On site in Stockholm, the ship was lowered and the bridge, resting on pontoons, was towed in place between Stadsgårdsleden and Skeppsbron. Once in place, it was mounted on prepared bridge pillars and then opened for traffic at the end of August 2020. The bridge is painted in gold-colored hue which, according to the architect, should help it blend into the delicate urban environment around Slussen, therefore the media called it the Gold Bridge.

References

External links

Stockholms stad: Huvudbron – Från produktion till Slussen 
Stockholm Direkt: Ikväll stängs Stadsgårdsleden av – men guldbron kvar på Medelhavet, publicerad 14 februari 2020 
Tidningen Stålbyggnad: Slussens nya huvudbro
Skanska: Bron över Slussen
Stockholms stad: Slussens nya huvudbro, del 1 (video)
Stockholms stad: Slussens nya huvudbro, del 2 (video)
Allt du behöver veta om slussens guldbro

Bridges in Stockholm
Zeynep Akata. Zeynep Akata is a Liesel Beckmann Distinguished professor of computer science at the Technical University of Munich where she leads the Interpretable and Reliable Machine Learning chair. Akata is also the director of the Helmholtz Institute for Explainable Machine Learning.

Education and career 
Akata received her undergraduate degree in Trakya University in Turkey, her MSc from RWTH Aachen and Ph.D. in computer science at the INRIA Grenoble-Rhônes-Alpes. She was a post-doctoral research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics with Bernt Schiele and at University of California, Berkeley with Trevor Darrell. Akata was an assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam from 2017 to 2019 and she was a full professor at the Cluster of Excellence Machine Learning at the University of Tübingen between 2019 and 2023. While in Tübingen, Akata was also a senior research scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen.

Research 
Akata's research interests focus on Explainable Multimodal Machine Learning which is in the intersection between Machine Learning, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing.

Selected awards and honours 
 2023 Alfried Krupp Prize 
 2022 ECVA Young Researcher Award 
 2021 German Pattern Recognition Award
 2019 ERC Starting Grant
 2019 Young Scientist Honour from the Werner-von-Siemens-Ring foundation
 2014 Lise-Meitner Award for Excellent Women in Computer Science from the Max Planck Society

References 

Computer vision researchers
Living people
Turkish scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Charles L. Dolph. Charles Laurie Dolph (August 27, 1918 – June 1, 1994) was an American mathematician known for his research in applied mathematics and engineering.

Biography
Dolph graduated from the University of Michigan with A.B. in 1939 and from Princeton University with M.A. in 1941 and Ph.D. in 1944. His thesis advisor was Salomon Bochner. Dolph was from 1943 to 1944 a physicist in the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and from 1944 to 1945 an ensign in the U.S. Navy.

From 1945 to 1946 Dolph worked for Michigan Bell Telephone Laboratories. In 1946 he joined the University of Michigan faculty as a lecturer with a joint appointment in the department of mathematics and in the department of engineering research at the Engineering Research Institute. At the University of Michigan's department of mathematics he became in 1947 an assistant professor, in 1954 an associate professor, and in 1960 a full professor, retiring in 1988 as professor emeritus.

In 1982 Dolph, an Ann Arbor native, and his first wife donated the land for the Dolph Park Nature Area to the City of Ann Arbor. The land, consisting of 57 acres with 2 lakes, was originally owned by his parents.

He directed four doctoral theses and was three times a visiting professor at German universities. He was an associate editor for the Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications.

In 1944 in New Jersey, Dolph married Marjorie Louise Tibert (1918–2010). They divorced after three of their four children died, and Dolph remarried. He died in 1994.

Awards and honors
 1946 Thompson Prize from the Institute of Radio Engineers
 1947 J. Browder Thompson Award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 1957–58 Guggenheim Fellowship, spent as a sabbatical year at the Technical Universities of Munich and Aachen

Selected publications

References

1918 births
1994 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
Princeton University alumni
20th-century American mathematicians
American applied mathematicians
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers
Renfe Class 321. The Renfe Class 321 (formerly 2100 series) is a class of diesel-electric locomotives operated by Renfe in Spain, designed by Alco and built by them and by Euskalduna under licence.

Technical specifications
The locomotives have a Co-Co wheel arrangement, and are equipped with GEC 5G-761 engines.

History
Production started in 1965. A total of 80 locomotives were built until 1971, with the first eight built by Alco, and the remaining 72 by Euskalduna. Four locomotives were rebuilt for  freight service trials.

Regular services with Renfe have ended, and some locomotives are used by Adif to haul maintenance trains.

References

Further reading
 

321
Diesel locomotives of Spain
ALCO locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Co'Co' Diesel Locomotives of Europe
Load value injection. Load value injection (LVI) is an attack on Intel microprocessors that can be used to attack Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) technology. It is a development of the previously known Meltdown security vulnerability. Unlike Meltdown, which can only read hidden data, LVI can inject data values, and is resistant to the countermeasures so far used to mitigate the Meltdown vulnerability.

In theory, any processor affected by Meltdown may be vulnerable to LVI, but , LVI is only known to affect Intel microprocessors. Intel has published a guide to mitigating the vulnerability by using compiler technology, requiring existing software to be recompiled to add LFENCE memory barrier instructions at every potentially vulnerable point in the code. However, this mitigation appears likely to result in substantial performance reductions in the recompiled code.

See also 
 Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities

References

External links 
 
 Intel's analysis of the LVI vulnerability

Intel x86 microprocessors
Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities
2020 in computing
X86 memory management
British Gear Association. The British Gear Association (BGA) is the trade body (association) that represents the manufacture of gear equipment and mechanical power transmission in the United Kingdom.

History
The BGA was formed in 1986 to replace the previous British Gear Manufacturers' Association, headquartered in central London; the BGMA worked with the Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers (which became the British Fluid Power Association) and the British Compressed Air Society. In the late 1980s, due to the level of research undertaken, West Germany was producing seven times the amount of transmission gearing than that of the UK.

The organisation was incorporated as a company in 1993.

Structure
The organisation is currently headquartered at Newcastle University. In 1993, the company moved to Staffordshire from Birmingham. Much research has been done in power transmission at the university's National Gear Metrology Laboratory (NGML).

The organisation is part of EUROTRANS, also known as the European Committee of Associations of Manufacturers of Gears and Transmission Parts, the European trade association for gear and transmission manufacturers, and works with Orgalim. Equivalent European organisations are VDMA in Germany, and Artema in France.

Function
The organisation represents companies that make transmission equipment, such as differentials for the automotive industry. It organises industry seminars and conferences; its annual conference is held in mid-November.

See also
 American Gear Manufacturers Association

References

External links
 BGA

1986 establishments in the United Kingdom
Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
Engineering societies based in the United Kingdom
Gears
Mechanical engineering organizations
Newcastle University
Organisations based in Tyne and Wear
Organizations established in 1986
Science and technology in Tyne and Wear
Trade associations based in the United Kingdom
Chris J. Harris. Chris Harris FREng is a control engineer, and Emeritus Professor of Computational Intelligence at the University of Southampton, UK.

Education
Harris was born and educated in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and he received his university education at the University of Leicester (BSc), his MA from Oxford University, and Ph.D. from University of Southampton, UK.

Career
Harris had previously worked at the Universities of Hull, UMIST, Oxford, Imperial, and Cranfield, He had also worked at the UK Ministry of Defence, MoD. He had authored or co-authored 12 books and over 300 research papers. He was the associate editor of numerous international journals including Automatica, Engineering Applications of AI, International Journal of General Systems Engineering, International Journal of System Science and the International Journal on Mathematical Control and Information Theory.

Research
Harris's research interests include intelligent and adaptive systems theory and its application to intelligent autonomous 
systems, management infrastructures, intelligent control, dynamic processes, multi-sensor data
fusion and systems integration.

Awards
Harris was elected to the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1996. He was awarded the IEE Senior Achievement medal in 1998 
for his work on autonomous systems, and the IEE highest award, the Faraday Medal, in 2001 for his work in Intelligent Control and Neurofuzzy System.

References

External links
 Biography 
 Google Scholar 

Living people
Academics of the University of Southampton
Alumni of the University of Leicester
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Southampton
English electrical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Engineers from Portsmouth
Year of birth missing (living people)
Communications Materials. Communications Materials is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal in the field materials science published by Nature Portfolio since 2020. The chief editor is John Plummer. The journal was created as one of several sub-journals to Nature Communications.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in selective databases such as Science Citation Index Expanded and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 7.8.

See also
Nature
Nature Communications
Scientific Reports

References

External links

Nature Research academic journals
Materials science journals
Open access journals
Academic journals established in 2020
English-language journals
Creative Commons-licensed journals
Continuous journals
2020 establishments
Nature Biomedical Engineering. Nature Biomedical Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2017. The editor-in-chief is Pep Pàmies.

Abstracting and indexing 
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Science Citation Index Expanded
Scopus

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 29.234.

References

External links 
 

English-language journals
Nature Research academic journals
Online-only journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 2017
Npj 2D Materials and Applications. npj 2D Materials and Applications, is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It focuses on 2D materials (such as thin films), including fundamental behaviour, synthesis, properties and applications.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, npj 2D Materials and Applications has a 2022 impact factor of  9.7. The current editor-in-chief is Andras Kis (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne).

Scope 
npj 2D Materials and Applications publishes articles, brief communication, comment, matters arising, perspective, and editorial on 2D materials in their entirety, including fundamental behaviour, synthesis, properties and applications. Specific materials of interest will include, but are not limited to:
2D materials in all their forms: graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene and molecular systems, including relevant allotropes and compounds, and topological materials
fundamental understanding of their basic science
synthesis by physical and chemical approaches
behavior and properties: electronic, magnetic, spintronic, photonic, mechanical, including in heterostructures and other architectures
applications: sensors, memory, high-frequency electronics, energy harvesting and storage, flexible electronics, water treatment, biomedical, thermal management.

References

External links
 

Nature Research academic journals
Materials science journals
English-language journals