omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Solid unbleached board. Solid unbleached board, also known as SUB, is a grade of paperboard typically made of unbleached chemical pulp. Most often it comes with two to three layers of mineral or synthetic pigment coating on the top and one layer on the reverse side. Recycled fibres are sometimes used to replace the unbleached chemical pulp.

The main end use for this type of board is for packaging of frozen or chilled food, beverage carriers, detergent cereals, shoes, toys and others.

See also
Folding boxboard
Solid bleached board
White lined chipboard

Further reading
 Antidumping Duty
 Faltkarton (in German)
 An overview of paper and paper based food packaging materials: health safety and environmental concerns

References

Paperboard
Coated paper
Paper
Active Bat. Active Bat is a low-power, wireless indoor location system accurate up to 3 cm. It is based on a principle of trilateration, and relies on multiple ultrasonic receivers embedded in the ceiling and measures time-of-flight to them.

Active Bat is an indoor localization system which gives an accuracy within centimeters. This is a range based technique, which works by finding the distance to minimum of three reference nodes and then using multilateration technique to find the exact position. The distance to reference nodes is found out using the time of arrival of ultrasonic signals from the reference nodes.

See also
Sentient computing
Ubiquitous computing

References

External links
The Bat System at Cambridge Computer Laboratory Digital Technology Group

Ultrasound
Navigational equipment
University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
Munir Nayfeh. Munir Hasan Nayfeh is a Palestinian-American particle physicist, renowned for his pioneering work in nanotechnology. Nayfeh was born in December 1945, in the neighborhood of Shweikeh in Tulkarem city, in what was then Mandatory Palestine. Following the 1948 Palestine war and Palestinian exodus, Nayfeh's family was compelled to settle in Jordan, where he received his Thanaweyeh Ammeh (high school diploma). He received his bachelor's degree in 1968, and his master's in physics in 1970 from the American University of Beirut, after which he won a scholarship to pursue his PhD at Stanford University in the US, which he successfully completed in 1974.

Education and career
Professor Nayfeh joined the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1974 as a postdoctoral fellow and research physicist. In 1977 he was appointed as a lecturer at Yale University. He finally joined the 
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1978 as a professor of physics. He published over 130 papers and 10 books, and holds several patents. Nayfeh is most noted for his pioneering work in nanotechnology and in 1974 published a milestone paper with one of the 2005 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics Theodor W. Hänsch on a precision measurement of the Rydberg Constant. Professor Nayfeh is also the founder of NanoSi Advanced Technology Inc., which commercializes nano-sized silicon particles for solar energy, electronics, solid state lighting, and biomedicine applications.

References

External links 
 University of Illinois page

Palestinian scientists
Palestinian physicists
21st-century American physicists
Particle physicists
Jordanian emigrants to the United States
Living people
1945 births
People from Tulkarm
Recipients of Grand Collar of the State of Palestine
Chris Toumazou. Christofer "Chris" Toumazou, CEng (, born 5 July 1961) is a British Cypriot electronic engineer. He is perhaps best known for inventing a fast and portable means of genome sequencing, following his 13-year-old son's diagnosis with end stage kidney failure through a rare genetic mutation.

In 2013 he became London's first Regius Professor of Engineering conferred to Imperial College London.

For his inventions in semiconductor-based genetic testing he won the Gabor Medal of the Royal Society (2013) and European Inventor Award (2014). He is the first British winner of the prize in this contest since 2008.

Biography

Early life
Born to Greek-Cypriot parents in Cheltenham, Toumazou trained to become an electrician, inspired by an English uncle who was an electrical engineer.

Academic career
Toumazou began undergraduate studies in 1980. He obtained both his undergraduate degree and doctorate at the then Oxford Polytechnic (now Oxford Brookes University). He moved to Imperial College London in 1986 as a Research Fellow in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering becoming the youngest professor at Imperial in 1994 at the age of 33. He was appointed Head of the Circuits and Systems Group in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and then Head of the Department of Bioengineering in 2001.

In 2003 he raised a total of £22m to create the Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, a multidisciplinary research institute focusing on personalised medicine and nanobiotechnology, becoming its first director and chief scientist. His own specialism is in the field of personalised healthcare, providing worn or implantable devices for early diagnosis, and detection of disease.

Commercial career
Toumazou co-founded two companies which use silicon technology for early detection and management of chronic disease: Toumaz Technology Ltd and DNA Electronics Ltd.

Honours and awards
2022: awarded UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in the Life Sciences
2020: awarded Joint Entrepreneur of the Year Award, UK BioIndustry Association (BIA)
2016: honoured with Lifetime Achievement accolade at Elektra European Electronics Industry Awards
2014: awarded IEEE Biomedical Engineering Award 2015
2014: awarded Faraday Medal of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) 
2014: honorary fellowship, Cardiff University
2014: winner of the European Inventor Award of the European Patent Office
2013: awarded Gabor Medal of the Royal Society
2013: awarded Regius Professorship
2013: elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
2011: awarded the J J Thomson medal from The Institution of Engineering and Technology
2008: elected Fellow of The Royal Society
2008: elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering

References

External links 

 

1961 births
Academics of Imperial College London
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
People from Cheltenham
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
English people of Greek Cypriot descent
Menzel Temime Airfield. Menzel Temime Airfield is an abandoned military airfield in Tunisia, which was located near the city of Menzel Temine, 25 km north-northeast of Korba and 31 km east of Tāklisah.  The airfield was built as a temporary wartime field by Army Engineers, using Pierced Steel Planking (PSP) for runways and parking and dispersal areas, and support structures quickly constructed out of wood or tents.

During World War II it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the North African Campaign.  B-25 Mitchells flown from the airfield later took part in the Sicilian and Italian Campaigns, flying combat missions until enemy targets became out of range.  Known units which used the airfield were:

 310th Bombardment Group, 5 August-10 November 1943, B-25 Mitchell
 33d Fighter Group, 20 May-9 June 1943, P-40 Warhawk

The airfield was closed by the Americans in December 1943, and dismantled by Army engineers.   Today, its precise location is undetermined. The land around Menzel Temine is heavily used in agriculture, leaving is little or no evidence remaining of the airfield's existence after 60 years.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Tunisia
Airports established in 1943
Mainz Institute of Microtechnology. The Mainz Institute of Microtechnology (in German: Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz, IMM) is a research-intensive, publicly held company owned by the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Its main areas of specialization are microfluidic systems for industrial, environmental and biomedical analysis and chemical processes technology and engineering.

References

External links
Official website

Chemical companies of Germany
Organisations based in Rhineland-Palatinate
Companies based in Mainz
Walter Lorenzo Marr. Walter Lorenzo Marr (1865-1941) was an automotive pioneer and engineer who worked with David Dunbar Buick perfecting the first Buick production automobiles. He worked with Buick a number of times around the turn of the century, building Buick's first two one-off vehicles. He was the Buick Motor Company's first chief engineer from 1904 through 1918, staying on as consulting engineer until 1923. He was also the founder of the Marr Auto Car Company in 1903 which produced the Marr Auto Car. The Marr Auto Car was one of the world's first automobiles with an overhead camshaft (OHC) engine.

Possibly his most important achievement was building one of the first overhead valve engines (OHV). This he did in 1898 when he built a trike that weighed 118 pounds, and whose single cylinder had a bore and stroke of 3 inches each. He brought the concept of the overhead valve engine with him to Buick in 1901, where the invention was patented to Buick's chief engineer Eugene Richard in 1904 (applied 1902).

Marr also built a prototype Cyclecar in 1915 which was very narrow seating the passenger behind the driver. The car never made it to production, but the original prototype still exists today.

His papers are archived at Kettering University. 

He had a cottage in Signal Mountain, Tennessee where he also built a large home in which to retire.

References

External links
 SHOW AUTOISTS OVERSPEED.; Bicycle Policemen Capture Three After Long, Hard Chases.

1865 births
1941 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
American automotive pioneers
Buick
People from Flint, Michigan
People from Lexington, Michigan
People from Signal Mountain, Tennessee
American automotive engineers
American automobile designers
Trimetasphere. Trimetasphere carbon nanomaterials (TMS), also known as trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes, are a family of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMF). The first TMS adduct, a Diels–Alder cycloadduct of Sc3N by C80, was reported by Dorn et al. in 2002. It was not until 2005 that other derivatives were reported. The most abundant TMS consist of 80 carbon atoms encompassing and forming a complex with three metal atoms and a nitrogen atom (trimetallic nitride clusters, M3N).

Examples
Examples of metals forming trimetallic nitride clusters include:

 Scandium, Sc3N
 Yttrium, Y3N
 Erbium, Er3N
 Lutetium, Lu3N
 Gadolinium, Gd3N

See also
 Endohedral hydrogen fullerene

External links
C80

References

Fullerenes
General Electric LM500. The General Electric LM500  is an industrial and marine gas turbine produced by GE Aviation. The LM500 is a derivative of the General Electric TF34 aircraft engine. Current versions of the LM500 deliver 6,000 shaft horsepower (4.47 MW) with a thermal efficiency of 31 percent at ISO conditions. It has been used in various applications such as in the Royal Danish Navy's Flyvefisken class patrol vessels, and in fast ferries.

Applications

Naval
Denmark
 Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel
Japan
 Hayabusa-class patrol boat
 Izumo-class helicopter destroyer
 1-go-class patrol boat
South Korea
 Gumdoksuri-class patrol vessel

Commercial
TurboJET
 FoilCat

Industrial
Pipeline transport
 Tennessee Gas Pipeline Kinder Morgan
 ExxonMobil Australia
 State Energy Commission of Western Australia. AlintaGas
 Nova - now TC Energy

Research
Railgun
 University of Texas - Center for Electromechanics - CEM

See also

References

External links
 GE LM500 website

Aero-derivative engines
Marine engines
Gas turbines
Sojka III. Sojka III is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operated by the Czech Army until it was decommissioned in December 2011.

Usage 
The mission of Sojka ("jaybird") is to provide aerial reconnaissance, radio reconnaissance, artillery fire observation, electronic warfare, or to launch infrared targets for air defence training.

A Sojka unit usually consists of three or four Sojka UAVs, a transport truck, launch truck, control and monitoring vehicle, and an off-road vehicle for transport of the landed UAV.

Flight 
The Sojka is launched from a ramp using a rocket-assisted device to get takeoff speed. Wind limits are 12 m/s against the wind or 3 m/s in a side wind. A wind speed of lower than 8 km/h is required to get a good optical environment.

The operator can choose between two modes:
 Semiautomatic – the operator can change the altitude and direction of the UAV
 Automatic – the operator can specify up to eight turning points. The operator can switch to semiautomatic mode or order plane to return to the starting point at any time.

Landing can be done using a parachute or via operator control.

Specifications (Sojka III)

External links 
 Czech Army info about Sojka

Czech and Czechoslovak military reconnaissance aircraft
Czech
Robert Uffen. Robert James Uffen,  (September 21, 1923 – July 18, 2009) was a Canadian research geophysicist, professor, and university administrator. He was the first dean of The University of Western Ontario Faculty of Science.

Early life 
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Uffen served with the Royal Canadian Artillery during World War II. He received a B.A.Sc. degree in Engineering Physics in 1949 and a Master of Arts degree in Geophysics in 1950 from the University of Toronto. He received a Ph.D. in Physics in 1952 from the University of Western Ontario.

Career 
From 1961 to 1965, he was the Principal of the University College of Arts and Science, University of Western Ontario. From 1965 to 1966, he was the Dean, College of Science. From 1963 to 1966, he was a member of the National Research Council. From 1967 to 1969, he was Chairman of the Defence Research Board of Canada. From 1969 to 1971, he was the Chief Science Advisor to the Cabinet, Privy Council of Canada Office in Ottawa. From 1971 to 1980, he was Dean, Faculty of Applied Science, Queen's University. From 1975 to 1979, he was Vice-Chairman, Ontario Hydro.

He was a Commissioner of the Ontario Royal Commission on Asbestos from 1980 to 1984 and of the Ontario Commission on Truck Safety from 1981 to 1983. He was a member of the Club of Rome from 1969 to 1984.

In 1964, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1983, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in recognition for being an "internationally distinguished research geophysicist, teacher and university administrator". He was awarded the Canadian Centennial Medal and the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal.

References

Canadian university and college faculty deans
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Scientists from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
Academic staff of the University of Western Ontario
1923 births
2009 deaths
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Canadian Army personnel of World War II
Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery officers
Canadian military personnel from Ontario
List of Cornish engineers and inventors. This is a list of engineers and inventors from Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

 John Arnold, watchmaker and pioneer of the marine chronometer
 William Bickford, inventor of the safety fuse
 Joseph Henry Collins, mining engineer, mineralogist and geologist 
 Sir John Coode, civil engineer
 William Cookworthy, discoverer of china clay (kaolinite) in Cornwall 
 Sir Humphry Davy, scientist, inventor and President of the Royal Society
 Sir Goldsworthy Gurney, inventor of limelight
Jonathan Hornblower, inventor of the compound engine and the steam valve 
 William Husband, civil and mechanical engineer
 Thomas Brown Jordan, engineer
 Michael Loam, inventor of the man engine
Sir Thomas Matthews, civil engineer and builder of lighthouses
 William Murdoch, engineer, inventor and sometime Cornish resident
 Andrew Pears, inventor of transparent soap
 William Westcott Rundell, inventor and engineer from Falmouth
 Adrian Stephens, inventor of the steam whistle
 Richard Tangye, engineer
 John Taylor, inventor of the Cornish rolls
Joseph Thomas, architect and civil engineer
 Joseph Treffry, engineer and industrialist
 Henry Trengrouse, inventor of a rocket-powered maritime rescue system
 Richard Trevithick, inventor, engineer and builder of the first steam locomotive
Robert Trewhella (1830-1909; :it:Robert Trewhella), railway engineer and contractor
 Andrew Vivian, Trevithick's cousin and collaborator, and captain of Dolcoath Mine
 Arthur Woolf, inventor of the high pressure compound steam engine

See also

List of Cornish scientists and inventors

References

Engineers and inventors
Cornish
Engineers and inventors
British Liquid Crystal Society. The British Liquid Crystal Society (BLCS) is a charitable trust established to promote education and research on liquid crystals in the United Kingdom. It promotes dissemination of knowledge, education and research into and the study of all facets of the formation, evolution, and science of liquid crystals; their physical, chemical and other properties and functions in all products made therefrom. The Society also holds conferences to discuss the findings of such research.

References

External links
British Liquid Crystal Society website

Educational charities based in the United Kingdom
Liquid crystals
Scientific organisations based in the United Kingdom
Aurora Excalibur. The Aurora Excalibur was an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by Aurora Flight Sciences between 2005 and 2010 capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL). The design combined ducted fans and hybrid drive. A smaller scale model with a  wingspan was successfully tested on June 24, 2009. A full-scale version was to be capable of carrying four AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and traveling at . Aurora used the experience of developing this vehicle to inform their submission to the Vertical Take-Off and Landing Experimental Aircraft (VTOL X-Plane) programme funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

References

External links
 Aurora Flight Sciences Excalibur page
 Excalibur first flight video

Airborne military robots
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
Aurora Flight Sciences aircraft
Elektronika (journal). Elektronika is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers. It covers various topics in electronics, communications, photonics, and optics. The journal cooperates with the IEEE Poland Section, Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Photonics Society of Poland. It is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and INSPEC. The journal contains the following sections: electronics, communications, materials research, optical technology, information processing, lasers, photonics, and information technology.

References

External links
 

Electrical and electronic engineering journals
Optics journals
Academic journals established in 1959
Monthly journals
Electronics journals
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
Multilingual journals
Academic journals published in Poland
Volkswagen Group B-VX62 platform. The Volkswagen Group B-VX62 platform (sometimes called the VX62 platform) was an automobile platform shared among various marques of multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs) in the European market from the Volkswagen Group and Ford.

It was co-developed by Volkswagen AG and Ford Europe, and used by Volkswagen Group for its Volkswagen Passenger Cars and SEAT car marques.  All B-VX62-based vehicles were built at the joint venture plant AutoEuropa in Portugal.

B-VX62 platform vehicles
Volkswagen Sharan (Typ 7M, 1995–2010)
SEAT Alhambra (Typ 7M, 1996–2010)
Ford Galaxy (1995–2006)

References

External links
Volkswagen Group corporate website

B-VX62
Nano-Tera. The Nano-Tera.ch research program is a Swiss federal program, funding scientific projects which endorse nanotechnology on a tera and Nano Tera scale. The goal is to improve technology for health, security, energy and the environment.

Some of its goals are to detect real time different health risks and conditions through body-integrated bio probing, to reveal security risks through smart buildings and environments, to save energy through ambient sensing and to detect environmental hazards such as floods and avalanches from inaccessible positions on earth.

Project Structures

There are three types of projects: 
 Research, Technology and Development (RTD) are large budget, multidisciplinary projects with highly ambitious objectives, and have a four-year lifespan.
 Nano-Tera Focused (NTF) are small projects with a very focused objective.
 Educational and Dissemination (ED) projects allow undergraduates, postgraduates and even members of the public to take part.

External links
Nano-Tera.ch

Science and technology in Switzerland
Crowd computing. Crowd computing is a form of distributed work where tasks that are hard for computers to do, are handled by large numbers of humans distributed across the internet.

It is an overarching term encompassing tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and utilization of "cognitive surplus" - the ability of the world’s population to collaborate on large, sometimes global projects. Crowd computing combines elements of crowdsourcing, automation, distributed computing, and machine learning.

Prof. Rob Miller of MIT further defines crowd computing as “harnessing the power of people out in the web to do tasks that are hard for individual users or computers to do alone. Like cloud computing, crowd computing offers elastic, on-demand human resources that can drive new applications and new ways of thinking about technology.”

History
The practice predates the internet. At the end of the 18th century, the British Royal Astronomers distributed spreadsheets by mail, asking the crowd to help them create maps of the stars and the seas. In the United States during the 1930s, when the government employed hundreds of “human computers” to work on the WPA and the Manhattan Project. 

The modern day microchip made using large crowds for mechanical computation less attractive in the second half of the twentieth century. However, as the volume of data online grew, it became clear to companies like Amazon and Google that there were some things humans were simply better at doing than machines.

See also
 Citizen Science
 Crowdsourcing
 Decentralized computing
 Distributed computing

References

Further reading
 Brown, Eric J. and William A. Yarberry, Jr. (2009). The Effective CIO. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
 Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age (2010) - 
 Surowiecki, J. (2005). The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Random House, Inc.

Crowdsourcing
Social networks