omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Tesla Automation. Tesla Automation GmbH (formerly Grohmann Engineering GmbH) is a German engineering automation company based in Prüm in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The company operates a development center in Neutraubling, Bavaria, as well as support offices in Chandler, Arizona, and Shanghai, China. The company was founded in 1983 by Klaus Grohmann and acquired by Tesla, Inc., in January 2017. Klaus Grohmann was ousted after clashing with Tesla CEO Elon Musk.

The product portfolio includes machinery for the production of microprocessors and memory chips, airbag sensors and power steering controllers, as well as systems for the production of car door and roof seals, lithium-ion battery cells and modules. Among other things, the company manufactures robotics that are used in the production of batteries and electronics.

The firm works closely with universities within dual track studies of mechanical engineering and robotic process automation. In addition, it provides training in the field of technical product design, industrial mechanics, CNC operation, construction technology, IT, mechatronics and industrial electronic technology.

History 
Grohmann Engineering was founded by Klaus Grohmann in 1963. It moved its headquarters to Prüm in 1983.

In November 2016, the privately held company agreed to be acquired by the American automotive company Tesla Motors. At the time, 74.9% of the company was owned by Klaus Grohmann and 25.1% was owned by the Deutsche Beteiligungs AG. At the time, the company had 700 employees, with annual revenues of about €120 million. The deal was completed on 3 January 2017, at which point the company employed 800 people. According to a May 2017 SEC filing, Tesla paid $109.5 million in cash for the company, and in addition paid $25.8 million for a new incentive compensation agreement.

In April 2017, founder Klaus Grohmann left the company due to a dispute with Tesla CEO Elon Musk. Musk demanded the company halt production for competitors, such as BMW and Daimler AG, to focus on the Model 3.

By discontinuing business relations with all customers except Tesla, the company's trade union was concerned with wage levels and with jobs in the long term if electric cars did not have the expected success. Tesla then offered Grohmann employees a raise of 150 euros per month and employee stock options worth $10,000 with a payout over the following four years, as well as a one-time cash payment of 1000 euros. Tesla did not comment on the works agreement. In October 2017, the company agreed with union representatives on a competitive pay structure. According to the chairman of the works council, the future remuneration was at the level of the collective agreement valid for the industry.

References

External links 
 

Grohmann Automation
Tesla factories
Mechanical engineering
2017 mergers and acquisitions
Companies based in Rhineland-Palatinate
Bitburg-Prüm
Skif Paragliding. Skif Paragliding is a Ukrainian aircraft manufacturer founded by Sergei Rozhko in 1993 and based in Feodosia. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paragliders in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft, and also runs a paragliding flight training school.

Rozhko is also the designer of the company's paraglider line.

The company flight training operation takes place on Klementyeva Mountain.

By 2003, the company was offering a line of paragliders, including the beginner to intermediate Skif-A, the competition Raptor and the two-place BigSkif Bi for flight training.

Aircraft 
Summary of aircraft built by Skif Paragliding:
Skif BigSkif Bi
Skif Phaeton
Skif Raptor
Skif Sarmat
Skif Skif-A

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of Ukraine
Paragliders
Manufacturing companies established in 1993
Ukrainian companies established in 1993
Feodosia Municipality
Swiss Excellence Risen. The Swiss Excellence Risen is a Swiss two-seat in side-by-side configuration, low wing ultralight aircraft, designed by Italian-Argentine aeronautical engineer Alberto Porto and produced by Swiss Excellence Airplanes. The aircraft was introduced at the 2015 AERO Friedrichshafen show. It is supplied ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The prototype was completed in 2012 and tested over the next three years before being publicly shown in 2015. The design entered production in mid-2015.

The aircraft has a glass cockpit, motorized canopy, autopilot, retractable landing gear and a ballistic parachute. The main structure is made from carbon fibre. Available engines are  Rotax 912 ULS and Rotax 912 iS and the  Rotax 914 turbocharged powerplant.

In 2020 the aircraft's gross weight was increased from .

Operational history
In 2016 the design set an FAI Class R (Microlights and paramotors) world speed record for absolute speed of 323.82 km/h (201 mph) with a standard Rotax 912 engine. For this record the pilot Alberto Porto, who is also the CEO of Swiss Excellence Airplanes, received an Oscar from VFR Magazine and the De la Vaulx Medal by the FAI.

The FAI records table lists the Risen as having flown at the speed of 428.18 km/h (266 mph) over a straight course on Jan 22, 2023.

Variants
Swiss Excellence Risen
Model with retractable landing gear
Swiss Excellence Siren
Model with fixed landing gear and revised cockpit arrangement.

Specifications (Risen 915iSV)

References

External links

2010s Swiss sport aircraft
2010s Swiss ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2012
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Double Diamond (design process model). Double Diamond is the name of a design process model popularized by the British Design Council in 2005. The process was adapted from the divergence-convergence model proposed in 1996 by Hungarian-American linguist Béla H. Bánáthy. The two diamonds represent a process of exploring an issue more widely or deeply (divergent thinking) and then taking focused action (convergent thinking). It suggests that, as a design method, that the design process should have four phases:

Discover: Understand the issue rather than merely assuming what it is. This phase involves speaking to and spending time with people who are affected by the issues.
Define: With insight gathered from the discovery phase, define the challenge in a different way.
Develop: Give different answers to the clearly defined problem, seeking inspiration from elsewhere and co-designing with a range of different people.
Deliver: Test different solutions at a small scale. Reject those that will not work and improve the ones that will.

To celebrate 20 years of the Double Diamond in 2023, the Design Council released a visual representation under an open license and created a Mural template.

The Double Diamond model is useful in design education, and has been adapted to provide additional details for following the model, along with suggesting the iterative nature to design between each diamond.

References

Design
Sealy Fourdrinier. Sealy Fourdrinier (9 October 1773 – 1847) was an English paper-making entrepreneur.

He was born the son of paper maker and stationer Henry Fourdrinier and grandson of the engraver Paul Fourdrinier (1698-1758), who were of Huguenot descent. His brother was Henry Fourdrinier, his later partner in business.

Around the end of the 18th century Sealy and his brother were approached by John Gamble and Leger Didot, who were seeking financial support to develop an automatic paper making machine developed in Paris by Louis-Nicolas Robert, an employee of Didot. In 1801–02 the Fourdriniers entrusted engineer Bryan Donkin (then working with John Hall) with the development of Robert's model into a prototype continuous paper-making machine. The world's first production machine was installed at Frogmore Paper Mill in Apsley, Hertfordshire in 1803 and a second, much improved and larger machine installed the following year. By 1810 eighteen machines had been installed at various mills.

The cost of developing and improving the machines was of the order of £60,000 and although the inventions were covered by various patents taken out by the Fourdrinier brothers, the costs of manufacture, installation and maintenance and the difficulty of collecting royalties forced the brothers to declare themselves bankrupt in 1810.

The machines themselves, known as Fourdrinier machines, were very successful and continued to be made in considerable numbers by Donkins. In 1837 a Parliamentary Select Committee acknowledged the importance of the Fourdriniers’ contribution to the paper industry and voted them £7000 compensation.

Sealy Fourdrinier died at Southwark in 1847. He had married Harriet Pownall at St Mary Wolnoth, London and had children James Sealy (1805-1870), Harriet (1806-1863), and Louisa Elizabeth (1813-1892). Louisa Elizabeth married the clergyman John Bathurst Deane and became the mother of thirteen children, including Mary Bathurst Deane. Another of her daughters, Eleanor Deane (1861–1941), married Henry Ernest Wodehouse and was the mother of the writer P. G. Wodehouse.

References

1773 births
1847 deaths
Businesspeople from London
English people of French descent
Pulp and paper industry
Papermaking
Brassware industry in Bangladesh. The brassware industry in Bangladesh is considered as a cottage industry and artisans with high workmanship make brass crafts by hand. The brassware of Bangladesh has good reputation in international market for uniqueness.

Craftsmanship and heritage
Brass craftsmanship requires high skills. The best metal craftsmen in Bangladesh are of the Kansari (brazier) caste who has extraordinary skills in producing artworks in brass and silver. The heritage of craftsmanship is handed over from generation to generation.

Location
The traditional cottage brassware industry in Bangladesh is primarily located in Dhamrai Upazila of Dhaka District.

Besides that, there are also family based cottage brassware industries in Chittagong, Narayanganj, Nawabganj, Islampur of Jamalpur District, Rangpur, Tangail and Shariatpur.

Processes of manufacturing brass crafts
Bronze crafts in Bangladesh are manufactured totally by hand without any machine works. The primary two things used in making brass crafts are wax and clay. These things are used to create a temporary mold that gives shape to the object. 

Generally, two processes are used for making brasswares based on their size and shape:

The lost wax process: small objects that have solid brass inside are made in this process. Crafts made in this process are heavy in weight. 

The hollow process: large objects with hollow inside are made in this process. Objects made in this process are comparatively light in weight.

Major craft items
Brasswares made in Bangladesh include water pot, dish, bowl, cymbal, figurines of animals, wall hanging and table-top showpieces, candle holder, lamp shades, religious effigies etc.

Current situation and challenges
A decade ago, there were about one thousand families involved in brass craft industry in Dhamrai, Now the figure has decreased to about one hundred. According to craftsmen, the reason for this decrease is increased price of raw materials and decreased demand of crafts due to availability of less expensive machine made steel, crystal, ceramics products. As a result, the brasscraft industry is losing its glory.

References

Brass
Economic history of Bangladesh
Cottage Industry in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi handicrafts
Swiss Excellence Airplanes. Swiss Excellence Airplanes (SEA) is a Swiss aircraft manufacturer that was founded in 2014 by Italian-Argentine aeronautical engineer Alberto Porto and is based in Lugano. The operations site is located in Pavullo nel Frignano close to the Pavullo nel Frignano Airport.

History
SEA was formed by Porto Ricerca, Porto's consulting company for engineering and fluid dynamics research that has done work in the fields of aerospace, sports cars and racing sailboats.

SEA developed the Swiss Excellence Risen ultralight aircraft in 2012. The prototype was presented at the AERO Friedrichshafen show in April 2015 and it entered production in mid-2015.

In 2016 CEO Alberto Porto was awarded the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale De la Vaulx Medal for setting a speed record with the Risen. He also received an Oscar from the VFR magazine for this record.

Aircraft

 Swiss Excellence Risen - retractable gear version
 Swiss Excellence Siren - fixed gear version

References

Aircraft manufacturers of Switzerland
Ultralight aircraft
Swiss companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Switzerland
Foam glass gravel. Foam glass gravel is a building material made from recycled glass.

Characteristics 
Foam glass gravel is light and dimensionally stable, with a lambda rating of 0.08 W/mK and a specific weight of 150 kg per cubic metre. Being made from glass, the aggregate is non-combustive and inert, ageing resistant, pH neutral and insect and rodent resistant. The manufacturing process seals the air bubbles giving the gravel non-capillary properties. The material has a high compressive strength as well as insulatory properties making it ideal for insulated floor construction

Sourcing and manufacture 
Glass shards are cleaned and milled to a powder before a foaming agent, active carbon, is added in either liquid or solid form. The material is passed through a continuous tunnel furnace and heated to a temperature of 800–900 °C. Optimum temperatures produce maximum quantities of the foamed product. The foamed molten glass breaks into gravel on cooling.

Uses 
Foam glass gravel has a wide range of applications across construction and civil engineering projects as well as landscaping applications. It is used as the base aggregate in the construction of solid floors and as an insulating aggregate for baseplates. The gravel is self-interlocking with a high friction angle and is used in road construction, particularly useful in areas of marshy ground or permafrost marginal zones where it can reduce the degradation of the road base. It can be used to insulate underground tanks or pipes, create drainage beds and French drains.

See also
 2023 Interstate 95 highway collapse

References

Aggregate (composite)
Glass applications
Recycled building materials
Arthur Squires. Arthur M. Squires (21 March 1916 – 18 May 2012) was a chemical engineer and member of the Manhattan Project. He was later on the chemical engineering faculties of the City College of New York and Virginia Tech.

He was a native of Neodesha, Kansas, and died at Blacksburg, Virginia. His first degree was from the University of Missouri; his PhD, in physical chemistry, was awarded by Cornell University.

He also wrote several books, including The Tender Ship, which defends his thesis that governments are usually incompetent managers of technology projects.

Squires's papers are held at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.

References

External links
 AtomicHeritage.org Arthur M Squires

1916 births
2012 deaths
American chemical engineers
Manhattan Project people
City College of New York faculty
Virginia Tech faculty
University of Missouri alumni
Cornell University alumni
People from Neodesha, Kansas
Ganz MFAV. The  (), known in official  records as , and alternatively known as , or , is a type of metro car which was manufactured by Hungarian companies  ("Ganz-MÁVAG Locomotive, Carriage and Machine Factory") and  ("Ganz Electric Factory"). The  metro cars are articulated, 8-axle rail motor coaches with an unusual 2'Bo'Bo'2'tr axle arrangement. They are not capable of operating as electric multiple units. The cars were manufactured in Budapest between 1971 and 1973 and in 1987, and including the two prototype cars, in overall 23 units were made.

The  designation resolves to  ("Millennial Underground Railway"),  and  refers to the same phrase, as the cars were specifically designed to replace the original, turn-of-century Schlick–Siemens & Halske rolling stock of Budapest's M1 metro line, a tunnel system which requires low-height vehicles. MFAV metro cars are still in active service, although their retirement has been called for. The first car entered passenger service in 1973, thus the type is now in continuous service for  years. The series carries the distinction of being an early example of fully low-floor urban rail vehicles.

Design and manufacturing 

The MFAV cars are based on the CSMG tramcars, but the geometrical constraints of the M1 metro line forced Ganz to modify the existing design in unique ways, such as moving the electric subsystems into the articulations between the body sections to achieve fully low-floor vehicles. From the four bogies of the cars, the inner two are driven, which, due to the weight distribution over the bogies, gives the vehicles better traction dynamics.

Eventually MFAV metro cars were produced in two production runs, these are shown in the following table.

References and notes

See also 

 Ganz CSMG
 Budapest Metro
 Ganz Works
 Articulated vehicle

Ganz Works
Rolling stock of Hungary
Train-related introductions in 1973
600 V DC multiple units
Sentient Vision Systems. Sentient Vision Systems (Acquired by Shield AI) in April 2024   is an Australian company headquartered in Port Melbourne, that produces automated object detection solutions for video from aircraft and surface sensors used for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), search and rescue, and law enforcement . Sentient's solutions use computer vision software to detect and track objects of interest in full motion video (FMV), both electro-optic (EO) and infrared (IR) for land and maritime environments. Sentient Vision Systems is a private company.

History 
Sentient Vision Systems was founded by Dr Paul Boxer in 2004 to develop computer vision solutions with a focus on moving target indication (MTI) in video. In 2006, Australia's Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) awarded Sentient a Capability and Technology Demonstrator (CTD) program which supported development and demonstration of the Kestrel Land MTI solution. A CTD extension and then support from Commercialisation Australia enabled further development and commercialisation, including Kestrel Maritime, an object detection solution for maritime environments. Kestrel has been integrated on a range of manned and unmanned aircraft including the Wasp, Raven and Puma UAS's, US Navy Firescout, P3 Orion, NPAS EC135 and RAAF Heron.

Sentient's most recent solution, ViDAR (Visual Detection and Ranging), was launched in 2015. ViDAR provides visual wide area search capability acting as an optical radar. ViDAR has been deployed with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) on a ScanEagle UAS and is in service with the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) for search and rescue.

In 2016, Australia's Defence Minister, Christopher Pyne MP, congratulated Sentient for deployment of over 1,000 Kestrel systems worldwide. Sentient was also referenced in the Australian Governments 2016 Defence Industry Policy Statement

In June 2017, The Australian government announced a $100m contract to supply the Army with Wasp AE small UAV's including Sentient's Kestrel.

References 

Technology companies of Australia
Surveillance
Alexander Robert Horne. Prof Alexander Robert Horne  FRSE OBE MIME PRSSA (1881–1953) was a Scottish engineer and author.

Life
He was born in Leven, Fife in 1881. He was educated at George Heriot's School in Edinburgh.

He was apprenticed as an engineer to James Milne & Sons Ltd of Milton House Works in the Canongate  in Edinburgh probably around 1896. He then went t the University of London to formally train as an engineer.

In 1910 he obtained a post as Professor of Engineering at Robert Gordons College in Aberdeen, aged only 29. Here he lived at 374 Great Western Road in Aberdeen. In 1920 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Thomas Hudson Beare, Richard Stanfield, George Adam Smith and John Taylor Ewen.

In 1929 he moved to Heriot Watt University as Professor of Mechanical Engineering and stayed there until retiral in 1945.

He died in Edinburgh on 17 May 1953.

Positions of Note

President of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts
President of the Aberdeen Association of Civil Engineers

Publications

This Modern World and the Engineer (1934) co-written with Charles Galton Darwin
The Age of Machinery
The Story of the Orkney and Zetland Association 1896–1946

Family

He was married to Nina Helena Horne. They had a son Edward A Horne.

References

1881 births
1953 deaths
People from Leven, Fife
Alumni of the University of London
Scottish mechanical engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
People educated at George Heriot's School
Floating mat. A floating mat () is a layer of mosses and other, especially stoloniferous, plants that grows out from the shore across the surface of a lake or pond. This type of habitat is protected and is designated in the European Habitats Directive as "LRT No. 7140 Transition and Floating Mat Bogs". Landscapes with floating mats are characterized  as quagmires.

Floating mats are not always capable of bearing weight. There is a risk of drowning when walking on them.

Formation 
The formation of floating mats is a process of sedimentation in water bodies. In bog ponds, floating mats of peat moss form as water levels fall and nutrients accumulate. In eutrophic waters, the formation of floating mats is caused by underwater peat that floats to the surface and is colonised by plants. The vegetative mats are held together by their root systems. Reeds or rushes growing by the lakeshore can eventually cut these mats off, which results in a floating island. If the floating mats are stable and large enough, even trees can grow on them, as at the Kleiner Arbersee. Beneath the floating mats, peat is formed, which slowly sinks downwards and gradually fills the water body.

Flora and fauna 
In nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich, acidic waterbodies, floating mats form out of peat mosses, (feathery bogmoss Sphagnum cuspidatum, species of the complex Sphagnum recurvum s.l.) or brown mosses (Scorpidium scorpioides). Furthermore, floating mats are colonised by characteristic species of the small sedges such as the bog sedge (Carex limosa), (Carex rostrata), beak sedge (Rhynchospora ssp.), Rannoch-rush (Scheuchzeria palustris) and marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris). The edges of nutrient-rich waterbodies are colonised by reeds (Phragmites australis), bulrushes (Typha ssp.), hop sedge (Carex pseudocyperus) and cowbane (Circuta virosa). Floating mats are habitats for shelly amoeba such as Amphitrema sp. and lake fly larvae.

Threats 
 Drainage
 Peat cutting
 Use, especially by forestry and agriculture, but also for leisure pursuits
 Nutrient introduction, fertilisation, eutrophication

See also 
 Floating island
 Raised bog
 Bog pond

References

Literature 
 
 Hutter, Claus-Peter (ed.); Alois Kapfer & Peter Poschlod (1997): Sümpfe und Moore - Biotope erkennen, bestimmen, schützen. Weitbrecht-Verlag, Stuttgart, Vienna, Berne. 

Bogs