omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Air traffic safety electronics personnel. Air traffic safety electronics personnel (ATSEP) is an International Civil Aviation Organization term for the electronic engineers involved with the creation and support of the ground-based electronic hardware and software systems used to support air navigation and air traffic management. In India they were known as CNSO (Communication navigation surveillance officer). Airports Authority officers association India started celebrating CNSO day from 25 November 2013 later on from November 12, 2015, it started celebrated as ATSEP day. The association started first ever commemoration of ATSEP (CNSO) is now known as ATSEPA(l).

Often employed by Air Navigation Service Providers, ATSEP are mainly engineers, technocrats, hardware and software specialists who are responsible for the specification, procurement, installation, integration, calibration, maintenance, safety assurance and monitoring of these systems.  The equipment ranges from discrete specialist electronic systems to commercial off-the-shelf computer hardware running specialist software designed and maintained to provide a safety-of-life service to aircraft.  The systems provide communication and navigation services for aircraft, surveillance (e.g. radar), flight data processing and the brain behind air traffic control system.

The specialisms practised by ATSEP are heavily influenced by systems engineering and safety Engineering.  In many English-speaking countries, ATSEP are simply referred to as "engineers", even though the discipline encompasses a spectrum of professional engineers and highly trained technicians.

The International Federation of Air Traffic Safety Electronics Associations is the global organisation for the representation of ATSEPs on professional matters.

The International Federation of Air Traffic Safety Electronics Associations (IFATSEA) declared 12 November as International ATSEP day.

IFATSEA was in existence for more than 48 years.

References

Inclusion of Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel into Annex 1 ICAO - Assembly — 39th Session (25/8/2016)
The Integration of Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel into ICAO Annex 1 ICAO - Assembly — 39th Session (17/8/2016)
Next Generation of Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel (ATSEP) IFATSEA - NGAP symposium March 2010, Montreal

External links 
Official IFATSEA website)
Regional European ATSEP site)
ATEOA (Air Traffic Engineering Officers’ Association - Sri Lanka)
ATSEP Belgium Association webpage about the ATSEP 
ATSEP Competence 

Occupations in aviation
Aviation licenses and certifications
Bridge No. 122. Bridge No. 122, spanning the Santiago River near Naguabo, Puerto Rico, is significant as "one of the earliest and most elegant examples of concrete beam bridges in Puerto Rico".  Built in 1918, it was "futuristic" for its time and has noteworthy architectural detail relative to others.  It was designed by Rafael Nones and built by Felix Benitez-Rexach, both engineers, both regarded as masters in their work.  Its construction was financed by Puerto Rico's second public bond issue for public works, in 1916, which raised $2 million.

The bridge was modified in 1967 but remains the best-preserved example of its type in Puerto Rico.

The bridge has a  span, a total length of , and a roadway width of .

It was identified as historically important in a review of Puerto Rico's 640 pre-1945 bridges in 1994, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2003.

See also

 Las Cabanas Bridge, another joint work of Nones and Benitez-Rexach

References

External links

 
 , National Register of Historic Places cover documentation

Bridges completed in 1918
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Concrete bridges in the United States
1918 establishments in Puerto Rico
DEC GT40. DEC GT40 is a VT11 vector graphic terminal and general-purpose computer produced by the Digital Equipment Corporation, first introduced in October, 1972 (selling for “under $11,000”).

Description
The DEC GT40 consists of:
 CPU: KD11-B (PDP-11/10)
 VT11 display processor, including bootstrap ROM (same modules as VT11, but instead of the four-slot backplane, this has a nine-slot backplane to include the CPU and memory)
 MM11-L 8K word core memory (MM11-K 4K word core memory on GT40-Bx models)
 DL11-E asynchronous line interface
 LK40 keyboard
 VR14-LC X-Y monitor (or -LD for 230 V)
 375 light pen

Because the GT40 contained a PDP-11 class computer, the terminal could also serve as a computer in its own right, IEEE Computer wrote:
The GT40 may be used either as a stand-alone graphics system or as a remote terminal interacting with various types of host computers. John Mucci, marketing manager for the DEC graphic-11 group, sees the GT40 being particularly useful in the areas of graphic research, design, engineering, architecture business information systems and many other uses needing a fast, low-cost graphics display.

In a stand-alone configuration, the PDP-11/10 within the terminal can be expanded with additional memory and any PDP-11 family peripheral to build as complex a system as necessary. “In fact, the central processor used in the GT-40 can be any PDP-11 family processor,” says Mucci, ”since the display processor is interfaced via the PDP-11's Unibus.”

Other models 
Other versions, using different PDP-11 CPUs and/or video processors:

GT42 
VT11 vector graphics terminal using a PDP-11/10.

GT44 
VT11 vector graphics terminal using a PDP-11/40.

GT62 
VS60 vector graphics workstation using a PDP-11/34a and VT48 graphics processor.

See also 
 Lunar Lander (1973 video game)
 Vectrex
 PDP-11

References

External links 
 brouhaha.com/~eric - VT11 instruction set

GT40
PDP-11
Deuterated solvent. Deuterated solvents are a group of compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms.

These isotopologues of common solvents are often used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Examples

 Heavy water
 Deuterated acetone
 Deuterated benzene
 Deuterated chloroform
 Deuterated dichloromethane
 Deuterated DMF
 Deuterated DMSO
 Deuterated ethanol
 Deuterated methanol
 Deuterated THF

References
Puente Blanco. The Puente Blanco () is a historic railway bridge that spans hundred and fifty feet deep and thirty six metres wide gorge across the Quebrada Mala Canyon, near Quebradillas, Puerto Rico. The bridge is the only reinforced concrete bridge in the area and the highest of its kind in Puerto Rico. It was built in 1922 by the American Railroad Company to replace a 1907 steel bridge  as part of the construction of the  national railway system that connected the island during the first half of the twentieth century. It was built on a concrete platform that held the existing steel bridge without interrupting the passage of the railway.  The new bridge could hold two locomotives of 84 tons each. It was designed by Etienne Totti from Yauco who was the head engineer for the company.    The bridge was  restored by the municipality of Quebradillas, unfortunately as part of the repair the base was widened altering the character of the structure and hindering the view of the bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.

See also

 Guajataca Tunnel

References

External links
 

Bridges completed in 1922
Railway bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Open-spandrel deck arch bridges
Concrete bridges in the United States
1922 establishments in Puerto Rico
Quebradillas, Puerto Rico
Sopwith Snapper. The Sopwith Snapper was a prototype British fighter aircraft of the First World War. A single-engined biplane designed by the Sopwith Aviation Company to replace the Sopwith Snipe fighter, it first flew after the end of the war, but did not enter service owing to the failure of its engine, only three aircraft being built.

Development and design
In 1918, the British Air Ministry developed a requirement for a single-seat fighter to replace the Royal Air Force's Sopwith Snipes, even though the Snipe had yet to enter service.  This requirement, RAF Type 1, specified the new ABC Dragonfly air-cooled radial engine, which had been ordered into production in large numbers on the basis of excellent promised performance and ease of production despite the fact that it had yet to complete testing.

To meet this requirement, Sopwith produced two new and completely different designs, a triplane (the Sopwith Snark) and a more conventional biplane, which was named the Snapper. The Air Ministry ordered three prototype Snappers, along with three Snarks. (In addition Sopwith received orders for 300 Dragonfly powered Snipes as the Sopwith Dragon).

The Snapper was a small single-bay biplane with heavily staggered wings.  It was originally intended to have a wooden monocoque fuselage (as did the Sopwith Snail lightweight fighter and the Snark), but this was abandoned to ease production, with a more conventional wire-braced fabric covered fuselage substituted. The cockpit was positioned aft of the wings, providing good visibility to the pilot, while two forward firing synchronised Vickers machine guns were mounted on the fuselage top decking.

The change in fuselage design delayed production of the fuselage, with further delays being caused by the engine which was overweight, and suffered from catastrophic reliability and vibration problems. The first Snapper flew at Brooklands in May 1919, soon followed by the other two aircraft. Although performance was good when the Dragonfly was working correctly, the engines problems were unsolvable, with the engine eventually being cancelled in September 1919.  Although Sopwith attempted to enter one of the Snappers (with the civil registration K149) into the 1919 Aerial Derby where it was to be flown by Harry Hawker, this was forbidden by the Air Ministry (officially as its engine was still classified as Secret) and the three Snappers were used for test flying by the Royal Aircraft Establishment.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

"The Aerial Derby". Flight, 26 June 1919, pp. 837–847.
Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters Volume Three. London:Macdonald, 1969. .
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. .

External links

Photo

1910s British fighter aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1919
Snapper
Britten-Norman BN-1. The Britten-Norman BN-1F is a British single-seat ultralight aircraft that was built in 1950.

Design and development
In 1951 Peter Gatrell, John Britten & Desmond Norman built and flew an ultra-light monoplane, their first aircraft, which made its first flight at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, on 16 May 1951. This machine crashed on an early flight, when the petrol supply to the 40 hp Aeronca-J.A.P. J-99 twin cylinder air-cooled engine faded out. Modifications were made to the tail unit by adding small ancillary fins to improve the directional stability, inset ailerons were fitted, the JAP engine was replaced by a  Lycoming O-145 horizontally-opposed twin and the undercarriage was replaced with braced arrangement with rubber bungee springing. It was first flown in this form in May 1951 and was withdrawn from use in 1953. It is now on exhibition in the Solent Sky Museum, Southampton, England, on loan from Michael Short of Austin Texas, USA.

The general arrangement of the BN-1 is similar to that of the Comper Swift in particular G-ABUS, an aircraft that Desmond Norman was associated with, along with fellow de Havilland Technical School apprentice, Tony Cole, that they jointly acquired in 1948 and restored to flying condition. In part this was an attempt to restart the club flying scene that had been prevalent in pre-war England. The BN-1 can be seen as the first steps towards making cheap aviation available to all as the BN-2 Islander was later to achieve for developing countries.

After a period of display at the Royal Air Force Museum at RAF Cosford, the BN-1 was passed to the Solent Sky Museum in Southampton, where it is now exhibited.

John Britten and Desmond Norman went on to form Britten-Norman Ltd which became well known for the BN-2 Islander and Trislander series of aircraft and which is still in business at Bembridge, Isle of Wight.

Specifications (Lycoming)

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 UK Civil Aviation Authority record for G-ALZE

1950s British sport aircraft
BN-1
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1951
Hall XP2H. The Hall XP2H-1 was an American prototype four-engined biplane flying boat of the 1930s.  Intended as an experimental very-long-range maritime patrol aircraft, a single example was built. The XP2H-1 was the largest four engine biplane aircraft ever procured by the US Navy.

Development and design

In 1930, the United States Navy ordered a single example of a large flying boat from the Hall-Aluminum Aircraft Corporation, to meet a requirement for an experimental very-long-range patrol aircraft.  The resulting design, designated XP2H-1, was a four-engined biplane with an all-aluminum hull, scaled-up from the smaller PH flying boat, which accommodated a crew of six.  The wings were of fabric-skinned aluminum construction and were of trapezoidal shape.  The water-cooled V-12 Curtiss V-1570 Conqueror engines were mounted in tandem push-pull pairs between the wings, in nacelles attached to the lower wings.

The XP2H-1 first flew on November 15, 1932, and was extensively tested, demonstrating excellent performance, being  faster than predicted. It was possible to cruise on just two engines to extend range, and in 1935, the XP2H-1 was used to carry out a nonstop flight between Norfolk, Virginia and Coco Solo, Panama Canal Zone. The XP2H-1 took 25 hours and 15 minutes to fly the  distance between these two locations.  It was destroyed later in the year attempting to alight in open water.  No further P2Hs were built, with the US Navy equipping its patrol squadrons with smaller flying boats such as the Consolidated P2Y.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications

See also

References

 "For Long Range Patrol". Flight, 24 January 1935. p. 94.
"A Long Distance Flight" Flight, 21 February 1935, p. 195. 
 Boyne, Walter J. "The Flying Hallmarks: The Hall Aluminium Classics". The Best of Wings Magazine. Washington, DC:Brasseys, 2001. . pp. 52–61. 
 Loftin, Laurence K. Quest for Performance:The Evolution of Modern Aircraft ,SP-468. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, History Office, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.
 Wegg, John. General Dynamic Aircraft and their Predecessors. London:Putnam, 1990. .

Flying boats
1930s United States patrol aircraft
Four-engined push-pull aircraft
P2H
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Solomon Saltiel. Solomon Mois Saltiel (), (31 August 1947 – 7 May 2009) was a Bulgarian physicist, researcher  and university lecturer.

Biography
Prof. Saltiel graduated in physics from the Moscow State University in 1973. His doctoral thesis, under the supervision of the professor S. A. Akhmanov was devoted to multiphoton nonresonant processes in crystals. From 1977 on he continued his research in nonlinear optics at Sofia University "Sv. Kliment Ohridski" and in 1995 was awarded tenure.

Since 2004 Saltiel was an elected corresponding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. He served in the Physics Department Board and was member of the Bulgarian Physical Society, the Optical Society of America and the European Physical Society.

His area of research included nonlinear optics,  cascade nonlinear-optical processes, optical phase conjugation,
nonlinear-optical susceptibilities, picosecond lasers, generation and measurement of ultra short pulses and high resolution spectroscopy.

He authored or co-authored more than 184 research papers,  with 244.2 Impact Points and 614 citations.

Honours and awards
 1985 Award of Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science
 2000 Award of University of Sofia, Honorary Medal, I degree

See also
Cross-polarized wave generation

References

http://phys.uni-sofia.bg/~saltiel
Department of Quantum  Electronics, Sofia University

1947 births
2009 deaths
20th-century Bulgarian physicists
Corresponding Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Sofia
Academic staff of Sofia University
Nikitin NV-1. The Nikitin NV-1 was a single-seat sporting aircraft produced in the USSR in 1933.

Development
Whilst working under Grigorovich and Polikarpov, as well as at the TsKB (Central Construction Bureau) and OKB-30, Nikitin designed and built aircraft that carried his name despite not having an OKB. Inspired by racing aircraft in the US, Nikitin designed and built the NV-1 tailwheeled monoplane sporting aircraft. The wooden wing was braced to the fuselage and fixed spatted main undercarriage with streamlined steel struts. The fuselage was built up with welded steel tubing and  a duralumin tail unit, all covered with fabric.
The flying controls were operated by push-pull rods throughout.

Flight testing began in September 1933 by V.P.Chkalov. Chkalov reported that the NV-1 was difficult to fly, and after nine flights further work was abandoned.

Specifications (NV-1)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. "Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995". London:Osprey. 1995.

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110608223658/http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/misc/RAM/nv-1.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/19991004085143/http://www.aviation.ru/Nikitin/

Soviet and Russian sport aircraft
1930s Soviet sport aircraft
Nikitin aircraft
Nikitin NV-2. The Nikitin NV-2 was a single-seat sporting aircraft produced in the USSR from 1935.

Development 
After poor results from the NV-1, Nikitin designed a new sporting aircraft built entirely from wood, with plywood skinned wings and a fuselage built using shpon (layers of birch ply glued over a mold/template). The NV-2 had a retractable tailskid undercarriage, with the main gears retracting backwards into fairings on the underside of the cantilever monoplane. Nikitin secured funding for the NV-2 from Osoaviakhim (Society for assistance to the aviation and chemical industries), and the aircraft was built at OKB-30. Flight testing revealed excellent performance and flying qualities.

Further development resulted in the NV-2bis with a more powerful engine in a long chord NACA cowling, and minor structural modifications. An order for 10 from the Soviet Air Force was abandoned when the factory was assigned to produce the Yakovlev UT-2.

One more prototype was ordered by the UVVS as the UTI-5, incorporating even more strengthening, fully retracting main undercarriage, more power and two machine-guns. The UTI-5 was flown successfully early in 1939 with over 40 test pilots from the VVS and Industry praising the performance of the aircraft, as well as the finish which was far better than that of the Polikarpov I-16. The UVVS ordered 200, (some sources state 20), but production did not take place for unknown reasons.

Variants
 NV-2 - Initial prototype built in 1935 with a 100 hp M-11 engine.
 NV-2bis - Second prototype with more powerful 165 hp MG-11 engine and structural modifications.
 UTI-5 - Fighter Trainer version of NV-2bis, with a 300 hp MG-31 engine, fully retracting main undercarriage and two synchronised machine-guns in the forward fuselage

Specifications (UTI-5)

See also

References

 Gunston, Bill. "Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995". London:Osprey. 1995.

External links
 http://www.airwar.ru/enc_e/other2/nv2.html
 http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/misc/RAM/nv-2.html

Nikitin aircraft
Soviet and Russian sport aircraft
1930s Soviet sport aircraft
1930s Soviet military trainer aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935
Forbes Park, Chelsea. Forbes Park is a multi-use development in Chelsea, Massachusetts. It comprises  along the Chelsea River and Mill Creek.

It will include around 300 hybrid lofts with retail and creative commercial space. The primary power source will be a 600 kW wind turbine and solar arrays generating over half of the site's power. Rain will be harvested in over 1,000,000 gallons of broad, open canals to supply water for the toilets.

One very uncommon, but historically proven efficiency feature is the use of passive cooling. There is no air conditioning in the buildings. They all have special windows creating air scoops and the building and units have been designed to amplify the natural air flow to cool the units even on humid days.

External links
 Forbes Park
 Boston Business Journal Article 2011-02-11 "Ambitious Chelsea condo project in limbo"

Chelsea, Massachusetts
Neighborhoods in Massachusetts
Populated places in Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Astusboats. Astusboats is a French trimaran manufacturer based in Brech.
The trimarans produced by this shipyard are designed by Stéphan Vallet, and have the characteristic of being trailerable due to the telescopic tubes in which the floats are mounted (except for the 14.1 model which is narrow enough to be trailed with the floats in place).

Product line
The current product line is:

Astus 14.1 (2007)
Astus 16.1 (2006)
Astus 18.1 (2010)
Astus 20.1 (2005) - discontinued
Astus 20.2 (2009)
Astus 22.1 (2008)

See also
 List of multihulls

External links
Astus Trimarans

French boat builders
Frank Newman Speller. Frank Newman Speller Sr (January 1, 1875 – January 12, 1968) was a Canadian born American metallurgical engineer notable for his pioneering text on corrosion in 1926. For his service to the field he won the Longstreth Medal (1927), American Iron and Steel Institute Medal and the Max Hecht Award (1960).

The Frank Newman Speller Award was named in his honor.

Biography
Frank Newman Speller was born in Toronto in 1875.

He died at his son's home in Buffalo, New York on January 12, 1968.

Books by Speller
 Frank Newman Speller, Corrosion, Causes and Prevention - an engineering problem, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1926, LCCN: 26010656.

References

 Am. Iron Steel Inst. Yearbook, pp. 48–79, 1948
 Am. Iron Steel Inst. Yearbook, p. 48, 1953
 Who's Who in Engineering 1948

External links
 Speller biography

1875 births
1968 deaths
University of Toronto alumni
American metallurgists
Canadian emigrants to the United States