omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
2016 Kyiv cyberattack. A cyberattack happened in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv just before midnight on 17 December 2016, and lasted for just over an hour. The national electricity transmission operator Ukrenergo said that the attack had cut one fifth of the city's power consumption at that time of night.

Attack
The attack affected the 330 kilowatt electrical substation "North" at Pivnichna, outside the capital. It happened a year after a previous attack on Ukraine's power grid.

Dragos Security concluded that the attack was not merely to cause short-term disruption but to cause long-lasting damage that could last weeks or months. The attackers had tried to cause physical damage to the station when the operators turned the grid back on. The attack used Industroyer malware and has the ability to attack hardware including SIPROTEC protective relays. These protective relays open circuit breakers if they detect dangerous conditions. A security flaw meant that a single packet could put the relays in a state where it would be useless unless manually rebooted. Siemens released a software patch in 2015 to fix the issue, but many relays weren't updated with it. Evidence from logs obtained by Dragos Security showed the attackers initially opened every circuit breaker in the transmission station, causing a power cut. Then an hour later they ran wiper malware to disable the station's computer, making it impossible to monitor the station. Finally, the attackers tried to disable four of the stations SIPROTEC protective relays, which could not be detected by operators. Dragos concluded that the attackers intended the operators to re-engergise the station equipment, which could have injured engineers and damaged equipment. The data packets intended for the protective relays were sent to the wrong IP address. The operators may also have brought the station back online faster than attackers expected.

Follow-on attack 
In April 2022, Ukrainian authorities announced that they had prevented a cyberattack that used malware similar to Industroyer.

See also
Ukraine power grid hack

References

Cyberattacks on energy sector
2016 crimes in Ukraine
December 2016 crimes in Europe
Cyberattack, 2016
Power outages in Ukraine
Russian–Ukrainian cyberwarfare
December 2016 in Ukraine
Ultimate Boot CD. The Ultimate Boot CD (UBCD) is a bootable CD-ROM containing a collection of diagnostic tools
including CPU tests, memory tests, virus scanning, and other tools.

The Ultimate Boot CD (UBCD) contains over 100 system diagnostics and hardware troubleshooting utilities.

The Ultimate Boot CD contains freeware and open-source diagnostic tools from a variety of sources.
Many of these tools were originally designed to boot from a floppy disk drive. The Ultimate Boot CD made it possible to run them on a PC without a floppy drive.
UBCD can also run from USB for computers without an optical drive.

The UBCD website has relatively good documentation for using the UBCD, and a discussion forum.

The Ultimate Boot CD also includes tools to create customized USCD ISO images
that can run additional tools extracted from bootable physical floppy disks and stored on the CD as floppy images (".img" or ".img.gz" files).

Related projects 

UBCD includes a variety of diagnostic tools that were originally intended to run under DOS,
and also includes FreeDOS, which is used to run them.

UBCD includes a variety of disk partitioning, disk cloning, and antivirus utilities that were originally intended to run under Linux,
and also includes a small Live CD Linux distribution
(as of 2022, the freeware version of Parted Magic), which is used to run them.

The "Ultimate Windows Boot CD with ReactOS"
is based on UBCD and ReactOS.

See also
 List of bootable data recovery software

References

External links 
 
 

Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
Free data recovery software
Live USB
Bisei Dam. Bisei Dam  is a gravity concrete & fill dam (compound) dam located in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 83 km2. The dam impounds about 66  ha of land when full and can store 9400 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1975 and completed in 1999.

References

Dams in Hokkaido
Robert Peele (engineer). Robert Peele (July 15, 1858 – December 8, 1942) was an American mining engineer. He was an emeritus professor at Columbia University and author of the Mining Engineers' Handbook, which was in print from 1918 to 1989.

Biography 
Peele was born on July 15, 1858, in New York City, the son of Raymond and Anne Westervelt Peele. He received the degree of Engineer of Mining from Columbia School of Mines in 1883 and immediately entered the mining business. He worked in gold and silver mines in North Carolina, Arizona, and Colorado, and performed evaluations of mining fields in New Mexico, Colombia, and Dutch Guiana. He served as superintendent of the Oregon Gold Mining Company and engineer of the Peruvian Exploration Syndicate.

Peele became a member of the mining engineering firm of Olcott, Fearn, and Peele. He joined the Columbia University faculty in 1892, and was appointed professor in 1904 and served in that capacity until 1925, becoming professor emeritus. He wrote extensively on mining subjects and was the editor of a popular handbook known as the Mining Engineers' Handbook, which was published in 1918, 1927, and 1941, the third edition of which remained in print until 1989, and was one of the most used mining books of the twentieth century.

Peele died on December 8, 1942, at age 84, in New York City.

Peele was named an honorary member of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers in 1936. The AIME established the Robert Peele Memorial Award in 1953 "for the most outstanding paper published on behalf of The Mining and Exploration Division by an SME member under the age of 35."

Peele was inducted into the National Mining Hall of Fame in 2004.

References 

1858 births
Columbia School of Mines alumni
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
American mining engineers
1942 deaths
Engineers from New York City
Lori Diachin. Lori Ann Diachin (formerly Lori Ann Freitag) is an American computer scientist specializing in scientific computing, mesh generation, mesh improvement, and interoperability. She works in the Computation Directorate of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where she is Deputy Associate Director for Science and Technology, and Deputy Director of the Exascale Computing Project.

Education and career
Freitag's father was a professor, specializing in mathematics education. She majored in mathematics at Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1988, and did graduate study in applied mathematics and numerical analysis at the University of Virginia, completing her Ph.D. there in 1992. Her dissertation, Parallel Solution of the Generalized Helmholtz Equation on Distributed Memory Architectures, was supervised by James McDonough Ortega.

She became a researcher at the Argonne National Laboratory, working there on the CAVE virtual-reality environment. She also worked as a researcher at the Sandia National Laboratory, before moving to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2003.

Recognition
Diachin was one of the 1997 winners of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Edinboro University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Virginia alumni
Argonne National Laboratory people
Sandia National Laboratories people
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Akpofure Rim-Rukeh. Akpofure Rim-Rukeh is a Nigerian professor of Microbial Corrosion and Environmental Studies who was the former deputy Vice Chancellor of Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun and currently the 4th substantive vice chancellor of same school.

Early life and background 
Akpofure Rim-Rukeh obtained his BSc with a degree in biochemistry from University of Port-Harcourt in 1986 and obtained Postgraduate Diploma in chemical engineering from University of Benin in 1993. In 1998, he got his master's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Port-Harcourt and obtained another Postgraduate Diploma in Education from Delta State University, Abraka in 2004. In 2008, he got his PhD in chemical engineering from Rivers State University of Science and Technology.

Career 
In March 2020, Akpofure was selected by the governing council of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun to be the Vice Chancellor which was later approved by President Mohammadu Buhari.

Personal life 
Akpofure Rim-Rukeh is married to Mercy Akpofure Rim-Rukeh and they have three kids together.

References 

Living people
Vice-chancellors of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun
Vice-chancellors of Nigerian universities
Nigerian academics
Nigerian academic administrators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Victoria Interrante. Victoria Lynn Interrante is an American computer scientist specializing in computer graphics, scientific computing, and virtual environments. She is a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Minnesota, a founder of the annual ACM Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, and co-editor-in-chief of the journal ACM Transactions on Applied Perception.

Education and career
Interrante is a 1984 graduate of the University of Massachusetts Boston. After earning a master's degree in 1986 at the University of California, Los Angeles, working with Jacques Vidal on computer graphics modeling of breaking waves, she completed a Ph.D. in 1996 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her doctoral dissertation, Illustrating Transparency: Communicating the 3D Shape of Layered Transparent Surfaces via Texture, was co-advised by Henry Fuchs and Stephen Pizer.

After postdoctoral research at NASA's Langley Research Center, on the visualization of fluid dynamics, she joined the University of Minnesota faculty in 1998.

She was the founding co-chair of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, in 2004. She became co-editor-in-chief of the journal ACM Transactions on Applied Perception in 2015.

Recognition
Interrante was a 1999 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. In 2020, the Visualization & Graphics Technical Committee of the IEEE Computer Society gave Interrante their Virtual Reality Career Award.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
University of Massachusetts Boston alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Peter J. Wild. Peter J. Wild (; born 1939) is a Swiss electronics engineer and a pioneer of liquid-crystal display (LCD) technology.

Biography 
Peter Josef Wild was born and educated in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He studied electrical engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) and graduated in 1963.

From 1965 to 1968 he worked in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, as development engineer and obtained a Master of Science degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley. After his return to Switzerland in 1969, he joined the new Corporate Research Center of Brown, Boveri & Cie (now ABB) in Baden, Switzerland, developed a phase measurement for an opto-electric current meter on high-voltage lines based on the Faraday effect working with Andre Jaecklin and became the first member of a team developing LCDs from 1970 onwards.

In 1980, he started working in the Swiss telecommunications industry for the rest of his career.

Achievements 
Initially, Wild investigated earlier LCD work done at the RCA Laboratories in the US. Thereafter, Brown Boveri entered into a joint venture with Roche in Basel to explore LCD technologies. As part of this common project, physicists at Roche discovered and patented the Twisted nematic field effect (TN). Also, new room-temperature liquid crystal compounds for the TN effect were developed during this cooperation.

Wild recognized early-on, that matrix-addressing of such displays was important for many potential applications to show images (such as flat-screen computer monitors). Results of his work in this field were published. In particular, Wild discovered, that the  RMS voltage of the driving waveforms of LCD matrix displays is relevant for the electrooptic threshold and is not to be exceeded at partially-addressed pixels of passive-matrix displays.

Pioneering work of his team included experiments with LCD projectors as well as illumination schemes for backlit panels resulting in corresponding patents. More than 20 patent applications where filed naming Wild as inventor or co-inventor. 

He helped setting up manufacturing of TN LCDs at a new factory in Lenzburg, Switzerland, which started deliveries in 1974, mainly to manufacturers of digital watches, such as Casio of Japan, which used these LCDs to launch its first quartz wristwatches with digital time display under the Casiotron brand.

References 

1939 births
20th-century Swiss engineers
20th-century Swiss inventors
ETH Zurich alumni
Living people
500-series format. The 500-series format is a standardized format for a modular signal processor system consisting of a combination of 500-series modules installed within a 500-series chassis (or rack), with the chassis providing power and audio connections for the individual modules. Originally invented by Automated Processes, Inc. co-founder Saul Walker, today numerous companies manufacture 500-series format products.

The modular nature of the 500-series format allows individual modules to be combined to create a customized signal processing chain, with individual modules added or changed as budget allows. Many 500-series chassis also offer portability, allowing a recording engineer to bring their desired signal processing chain to any recording session.

History

In 1967, Lou Lindauer and Saul Walker designed a mixing console for Apostolic Recording Studio, the first 12-track recording studio in New York City. The console's modular design, invented by Walker, became the 500-series format, and Walker and Lindauer co-founded Automated Processes, Inc. (API) in 1969.

API's 500-series modules include the 512C preamplifier, the 525 compressor, the 527 compressor, the 550A and 550B semi-parametric equalizers, and the 560 graphic equalizer.

In the mid-1970s, some recording engineers began removing individual processor modules from API mixing consoles and installing them into homemade mounting systems. In 1978, Datatronix licensed the rights to API from the owners and manufactured a 10-slot 500-series chassis.

In 1985, the assets of API were purchased by Paul Wolff. In response to increasing demand, Wolff introduced the API Lunchbox, a portable chassis for housing 500-series modules in 2-slot, 6-slot, and 10-slot configurations. Later, API would establish ownership of the Lunchbox trademark.

Popularity in the 500-series format surged in the mid-2000s, and by 2020, there were over five hundred different 500-series modules on the market from API and numerous third-party manufacturers, including Neve, Solid State Logic, Aphex, dbx, and others.

VPR Alliance
In 2006 API established the VPR Alliance, which established 500-series specification standards to ensure compatibility with API 500-series rack systems. 

VPR Alliance standards dictate voltage at +/- 16 volts, with +48 volts for phantom power, with maximum current draw of 130, 130 and 5 mA respectively per slot. Each module has three input and output pins, for +4db, -2dB and negative balanced signals. The physical dimensions are 3U vertically (5.25") and multiples of 1.5" wide, with 15-pin edge-connector pin configuration of 500-series modules.

References

External links

 
 Saul Walker Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection

Sound production technology
Effects units
Audio effects
Mechanical standards
Erin Cech. Erin Ann Cech is an American sociologist who is an associate professor and director of undergraduate studies at the University of Michigan. Her research considers inequalities, gender and sexuality. Her first book, The Trouble with Passion: How Searching for Fulfilment at Work Fosters Inequality, was published in 2021.

Early life and education 
Cech was an undergraduate student at Montana State University, where she majored in electrical engineering and sociology. She was awarded the Women's Center Student of Achievement award in 2005 and served on the College of Engineering Women in Engineering Advisory Council. Cech has said that as a student who identified as LGBTQ+ in a highly masculine environment she became motivated to explore inequality in science and engineering. She moved to the University of California, San Diego for doctoral studies, where she studied the roles of gender schemas in major selection at college. Cech was a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, where she worked in the Clayman Institute for Gender Research.

Research and career 
Cech was appointed to the faculty at Rice University, then moved to the University of Michigan in 2016, where she studied inequality and how inequality is reproduced through various aspects of society. She has investigated the recruitment of people from historically marginalized groups (communities of color, LGBTQ+ people, women and gender minorities) and how workplace culture perpetuate this inequity. She has investigated how cultural assumptions can drive inequality, for example, the "passion principle", where people of certain genders are more likely to take on seemingly voluntary roles.

Cech showed that sparse family-leave policies in the United States meant that 43% of mothers who had scientific careers left the workforce after their first child.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cech studied job instability and workers' career decisions. She found that people's lives were so unsettled that they pursued nonfinancial properties instead of work. She found that people with unstable jobs prioritized passion for work over job security.

In 2022 Cech conducted a survey on 25,000 researchers working in STEM-related fields. Her findings revealed that straight, white, able-bodied men were more likely to be successful in scientific careers than people from other groups.

Selected publications

References 

Living people
University of California, San Diego alumni
Montana State University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
American sociologists
LGBTQ studies academics
American LGBTQ scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anatoly Maslov. Anatoly Alexandrovich Maslov (; born 7 August 1946) is a Russian physicist and a professor at the Aerohydrodynamic Department at the Novosibirsk State Technical University, specialist in the field of laminar-turbulent transition.

Biography
In 1973, Anatoly Maslov defended his Ph.D. thesis "Stability of a compressible boundary layer over a cooled surface"; in 1988, he defended his doctoral dissertation "The onset of turbulence in supersonic boundary layers". In the same year, the scientist became the head of Laboratory No.13 of Physical Problems of Control of Gas-Dynamic Flows at the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Thanks to the skills of experimental work and numerical simulation in supersonic aerodynamics, as well as experience in large aerodynamic installations, he significantly intensified the scientific activity of the laboratory.

Suspicion of state treason and arrest
On June 28, 2022, Anatoly Maslov was arrested on suspicion of state treason. He was taken by plane to Moscow and placed in the Lefortovo pre-trial detention center. A few days later, another Novosibirsk scientist, Dmitry Kolker was also arrested on suspicion of state treason. The trial has been registered with the St. Petersburg City Court on May 12, 2023, in a "top secret" case according to the court’s press office. On May 21, 2024, he was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

See also
 Valentin Danilov
 Alexandr Shiplyuk
 Dmitri Kolker

References

Living people
20th-century Russian physicists
21st-century Russian physicists
Aerodynamicists
Scientists from Novosibirsk
Russian prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Russia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, BIC () is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1958.

History
The Institute of Catalysis was founded in the summer of 1958 as part of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The establishment of the institute was preceded by the Decree of the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU of May 7, 1958 "On the accelerated development of the chemical industry and especially the production of synthetic materials and products from them to meet the needs of the population and the needs of the national economy".

Until 1984, the head of the organization was Academician , a scientist in the field of catalysis and chemical technology. In 1991, the institute was named after him.

Activities
Fundamentals for the preparation of catalysts; basis of homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysis, as well as catalysis with enzymes; development of new catalysts, improvement of existing catalysts and catalytic processes; chemical engineering and mathematical modeling of catalytic processes, automation for catalytic research. The BIC SB RAS develops biofuel from sawdust and algae and produces nanotubes.

The institute produces aerogels, including a multilayer aerogel for measuring the velocity of elementary particles.

Branches 

 Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC (CNCT BIC), Omsk
 Volgograd Division of Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (VD of BIC SB RAS)

References

Research institutes in Novosibirsk
1958 establishments in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1958
Catalysis
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Physics of Metals and Metallography. The Physics of Metals and Metallography  (Phys. Met. Metallogr.) [ (ФММ), or Fizika metallov i metallovedenie (Fiz. Met. Metalloved.)] is a peer-reviewed Russian scientific journal concerning metals and metal alloys. It was established in 1955 by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. English translations of recent volumes are available through Springer Science+Business Media. Starting in January 1992, the Russian Academy of Sciences and Pleiades Publishing, Inc. began a joint venture to create English translations of the journal articles.

Published in Russian by Nauka, it received a positive review as showing the contributions of Soviet research in metal science. The journal is associated with the , which is the base institution for the journal.

References

Physics journals
Russian-language journals
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Nauka academic journals
Russian Academy of Sciences academic journals