omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hoffmann 2CV. The Hoffmann 2CV Cabrio is a kitcar based on the Citroën 2CV.

In 1988, Wolfgang Hoffmann developed the design and the first prototypes. A lot of Hoffmann 2CV Cabrios have been built as a homework project. Approximately 250 professionally manufactured vehicles left the workshop in Hohenfurch. The kit contains a fibre glass reinforced plastic body with steel frame, two side windows, soft-top, trunk lid and all necessary screws, bolts, hinges etc.

1700 Hoffmann 2CV were built in total, with approximately 250 of them having been built by Wolfgang Hoffmann at his factory in Hohenfurch, Germany, and the rest being assembled by consumers who ordered them as kits. They were exported across Europe with a small number also exported to the United States.

The company that produced the Hoffmann 2CV remains active to this day, producing and selling spare parts for the Citroën 2CV, and other Citroën A-Types, such as stainless steel chassis and fibre glass body parts.

References

AutoBild 36/1988
Der Spiegel 47/2011

External links 
Manufacturer's website

Kit cars
Citroën 2CV
Monorail (disambiguation). A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail or a beam.

Monorail may also refer to:

 Monorail camera, a camera whose components are mounted on a rail which allows positional adjustment
 MonoRail (software), an open source web application framework built on top of the ASP.NET platform
 Monorail Inc., a defunct American computer company
 Overhead crane, a type of crane found in industrial environments

See also
 Disney monorail (disambiguation), monorail systems used on Disney properties
 "Marge vs. the Monorail", an episode of The Simpsons
 Rivers State Monorail, a proposed transportation project in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Mitchell Municipal Airport. Mitchell Municipal Airport  is three miles north of Mitchell, in Davison County, South Dakota. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation airport.

History 
Opened in November 1937, the facility was rebuilt in 1943 by the United States Army Air Forces as a Second Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator heavy bomber training airfield field known as Mitchell Army Airfield.

From July to late September, 1943, the 700th Bomb Squadron of the 445th Bomb Group conducted their advanced training at Mitchell Army Air Field.  Upon completion of training and subsequent notification for overseas deployment, the 700th Bomb Squadron flew to Lincoln Army Air Field for last minute aircraft modifications before taking the Southern Atlantic crossing route to Tibenham, England.

On October 1, 1944, when training ended at the facility, it was transferred to Air Technical Service Command where it was assigned to Ogden Air Service Command as an auxiliary airfield. It was turned over to civil use after the war.

Airline flights began about 1951: Midwest Airlines Cessna 190s. Braniff stopped at Mitchell 1952–59; North Central arrived in 1959 and successor Republic left in 1982. (Northwest Airlink pulled out in 1991.)

Facilities
The airport covers 1,376 acres (557 ha) at an elevation of 1,304 feet (397 m). It has two asphalt runways: 12/30 is 6,700 by 100 feet (2,042 x 30 m) and 17/35 is 5,513 by 100 feet (1,680 x 30 m).

In the year ending August 10, 2011 the airport had 19,450 aircraft operations, average 53 per day: 95% general aviation, 4% air taxi, and 1% military. 29 aircraft were then based at this airport: 79% single-engine and 21% multi-engine.

See also
 List of airports in South Dakota

 South Dakota World War II Army Airfields

References 

 
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites History's Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004.

External links 
 Aerial image as of October 1997 from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in South Dakota
Mitchell, South Dakota
Buildings and structures in Davison County, South Dakota
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in South Dakota
1937 establishments in South Dakota
Airports established in 1937
Transportation in Davison County, South Dakota
Cyclotriveratrylene. Cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) is an organic compound with the formula [C6H2(OCH3)2CH2]3.  It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.  The compound is a    macrocycle and used in host–guest chemistry as a molecular host.

Synthesis
The compound can be synthesised from veratrole alcohol upon acid catalysis.

Operating via the same intermediates, an alternative synthesis involves the acid-catalyzed reaction of veratrole and formaldehyde. The method is similar to the reactions that give phenol formaldehyde resins except that the degree of polymerization is moderated by the methoxy substituents.

Host–guest behavior
CTV has a bowl shaped conformation, giving the molecule C3 symmetry. The ether groups are situated at the upper rim, but in contrast a crown ether typically do not interact with guests. The compound is related to calixarenes in terms of its host–guest properties and its synthesis

CTV derivates are known to bind fullerenes and the use of CTV's in the separation of mixtures of fullerenes has been demonstrated. They have also been used in the solubilizing and immobilizing of fullerene compounds. CTV derivatives are also known to form liquid crystals and they are used as structural units for polymer networks (gels) and polymers. With suitable metal complexes CTV's can form metallo-supramolecular oligomers or polymers.

When two CTV units are connected though molecular spacers a molecular box is formed called a cryptophane. Cryptophanes are of interest in molecular encapsulation.

History
CTV was first synthesised by Gertrude Robinson in 1915 but misdiagnosed as the dimer. In 1965, Lindsey identified the correct structure and coined cyclotriveratrylene as the name for the compound.

References

Macrocycles
Catechol ethers
Cyclophanes
Nine-membered rings
Methoxy compounds
Tetracyclic compounds
Waterlogging (archaeology). In archaeology, waterlogging refers to the long-term exclusion of air by groundwater, which creates an anaerobic environment that can preserve artifacts perfectly. Such waterlogging preserves perishable artifacts. Thus, in a site which has been waterlogged since the archaeological horizon was deposited, exceptional insight may be obtained by study of artifacts made of leather, wood, textile or similar materials. 75-90% of the archaeological remains at wetland sites are found to be organic material. Tree rings found from logs that have been preserved allow archaeologists to accurately date sites. Wetland sites include all those found in lakes, swamps, marshes, fens, and peat bogs.

Peat bogs, nearly all of which occur in northern latitudes, are some of the most important environments for wetland archaeology. Peat bogs have likewise preserved many wooden trackways, including the world's oldest road, which is a 6,000-year-old one-mile stretch of track.

Bog bodies are the best-known finds from the peat bogs of northwest Europe, with most of them dating from the Iron Age. Most corpses that were found were individuals that met a violent death and were probably either executed as criminals or killed as a sacrifice before thrown into the bog. For example, the Old Croghan Man was stabbed, decapitated, mutilated, and tied down to the bottom of a bog pool. His body is an amazing display of how splendidly waterlogging can preserve a body, as his hands, skin, fingernails, and stomach were amazingly intact. Another example of a waterlogging artifact or mummy was Ötzi, found by two tourists near the border of Austria and Italy. Ötzi is now displayed in Bolzano, Italy, in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.

Occasionally, waterlogged conditions can occur inside burial mounds. The oak-coffin burials of Bronze Age northern Europe, and most notably those of Denmark, date to about 1000 BC. These coffins had an inner core of stones packed round the tree-trunk coffin, with a round barrow built above. Water then infiltrated the inside of the mound and by combining with tannin exuding from the tree trunks, set up acidic conditions which destroyed the skeleton but preserved the skin, hair, ligaments, and clothing of the individuals.

Perhaps the most interesting wetland archaeological find was the Ozette site. In 1750, a huge mudslide buried a whale-hunting settlement on the coast of Washington, which protected the organic artifacts from the oxygen that would lead to their deterioration. Over 50,000 artifacts were found in a fine state of preservation, with almost half of them being wood or plant material. The most fascinating thing they found was a meter-high block of cedar that was carved in the shape of a whale's dorsal fin.

The major archaeological problem with waterlogged finds, particularly wood, is that they deteriorate rapidly when they are uncovered, beginning to dry and crack almost at once. They therefore need to be kept wet until treated in a laboratory. Conservation measures explain why wet archaeology costs around four times as much as dry archaeology.

References

Archaeological terminology
Video Immersion. Video Immersion is a set of computer graphics processing technologies, used by ATI Technologies in their Radeon video cards.  It is the brand name ATI uses to refer to the video compression acceleration feature in their R100, R200, and R300 video cards.  Video Immersion is present in R100 based cards, and ATI introduced Video Immersion II with the R200.

Video Immersion II improved the de-interlacing, temporal filtering, component video, and resolution.

Video Immersion has been superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE).

Features
 iDCT
 Adaptive De-Interlacing
 Motion Compensation
 Video Scaling
 Alpha Blending
 Colorspace Conversion
 Run-Level Decode & De-ZigZag

See also
 Unified Video Decoder (UVD)
 Video Coding Engine (VCE)

References

ATI Technologies
Graphics cards
Video acceleration
MV Charles L. Gilliland. MV Charles L. Gilliland, formerly USNS Gilliland (T-AKR-298), is a Gordon-class roll on roll off vehicle cargo ship of the United States Navy. She was originally built as a merchant vessel but later acquired and converted by the Navy, and assigned to the United States Department of Defense's Military Sealift Command. Gilliland was built in 1972 as MV Selandia. After some time spent in commercial service she was lengthened by Hyundai Heavy Industries in 1984, and later went on to be acquired by the US Navy under a long term charter. She was converted to a US Navy Vehicle Roll-on/Roll-off Ship at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Newport News, Virginia, in a contract dated 23 May 1997 and on completion was assigned to the Military Sealift Command under the name USNS Gilliland, after Medal of Honor recipient Corporal Charles L. Gilliland. Gilliland is one of 28 Strategic Sealift Ships operated by the Military Sealift Command. She was assigned to the MSC Atlantic surge force, and is maintained in Ready Operational Status 4.

In June 1996, a sudden windstorm caused Gilliland to break free from her mooring at Newport News, cross the harbor, and collide with the submarine  at her moorings and the destroyer , which was moored behind Tucson. While Deyo suffered the most damage, Tucson suffered only minor damage.

On 17 May 2023, Gilliland was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. The same day, Gilliland was transferred to the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) Ready Reserve Force (RRF) and renamed Charles L. Gilliland also losing the USNS designation. If activated, Charles L. Gilliland will report to the Military Sealift Command for operational control. . Charles L. Gilliland is maintained in a reduced operating status and the crew is provided by commercial companies under contract to MARAD.

As of 31 January 2024, Charles L. Gilliland was assigned to Baltimore harbor.

References

External links

Gordon-class vehicle cargo ships
1972 ships
Ships built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Group
Maritime incidents in 1996
Android Karenina. Android Karenina is a 2010 parody novel written by Ben H. Winters based on the 1877 novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. The novel is a mashup, adding steampunk elements to the Russian 19th-century environment of Anna Karenina, a book first published in 1877.

The book has the same main couples as Tolstoy's – Anna Karenina and Count Vronsky, and Kitty Shcherbatskaya and Konstantin Levin. Their society is high-tech, with servant-robots performing tasks all the way from pest control to education of children; the robots love their humans and are governed by the Iron Laws of Robot Behavior. Both Anna's husband and a terrorist group of scientists are opposed to widespread ownership of robots. The book also has time travel, space travel, aliens, and monsters. Eventually, the robots revolt against the humans, leading the latter to create ultra-human cyborgs to fight back.

Winters previously wrote Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters (2009) with Jane Austen, another parody novel.

Reception 
Jay Parini of The Guardian doubts that Tolstoy would have been amused by a parody of his book. For Elif Batuman of The New Yorker, the book is an unoriginal repetition of the original story. Ron Hogan of Den of Geeks acknowledged the clever reinterpretation of the original story, admitting that the steampunk/Tolstoy combination works, and calling the book a "definitive mash-up novel".

References

2010 American novels
American satirical novels
Parody novels
Works based on Anna Karenina
Quirk Books books
Reverse 911. Reverse 911 is a public safety communications technology used by public safety organizations in Canada and the United States to communicate with groups of people in a defined geographic area. The system uses a database of telephone numbers and associated addresses, which, when tied into geographic information systems (GIS), can be used to deliver recorded emergency notifications to a selected set of telephone service subscribers.

Background
Reverse 911 was developed by Sigma Micro Corporation, later known as Sigma Communications, in 1993. After a number of corporate acquisitions, Motorola Solutions ultimately gained ownership of the technology and rights developed by Sigma, and Motorola has folded Reverse 911 into their Vesta suite of public safety systems.

Case studies
The system is used to notify residents in emergency situations, for example:

 During the 2010 Boston water emergency, government agencies used the system to notify a large number of Boston-area residents in particular neighborhoods to boil water before drinking.
 During the much more contained 2004 bulldozer rampage in Granby, Colorado, authorities used Reverse 911 to notify the approximately 1,500 residents of the town to evacuate from the bulldozer's path.
 During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Seaside and Astoria, Oregon, residents were notified by Reverse 911 and sirens to evacuate low-lying areas.
 When the improvised explosive devices in the Aurora, Colorado, apartment of mass murderer James Holmes were detonated by police, Reverse 911 was used to notify nearby residents of the evacuation order.
 On December 14, 2012, Reverse 911 was used to notify parents in the Sandy Hook community of Newtown, Connecticut, of the mass shooting there.
 During the manhunt for suspects involved in the Boston Marathon bombing, Reverse 911 was used to notify residents of Watertown, Massachusetts, to remain in their homes.
 In October 2014, some Dallas, Texas, residents were notified of the city's second Ebola infection case by a Reverse 911 call.
 In 2023, residents of East Nantmeal Township and South Coventry Township, Pennsylvania, received late-night reverse 911 calls to lock their doors and stay inside during the search for escaped murderer Danilo Cavalcante.

See also

References

Emergency communication
Emergency population warning systems
Telecommunications in Canada
Telecommunications in the United States
J. Tom Lendrum. John Thomas "Tom" Lendrum (December 24, 1927 – July 17, 2016) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 2001 to 2002.  His district consisted of portions of Lorain County, Ohio. He was succeeded by Kathleen Walcher.

Lendrum held a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Purdue University.

He died on July 17, 2016, in Lorain, Ohio, at the age of 88.

References

1927 births
2016 deaths
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
21st-century members of the Ohio General Assembly
Politicians from Kalamazoo, Michigan
Curtis Field. Curtis Field  is a city-owned airport three miles northeast of Brady, in McCulloch County, Texas. The airport is named for Mayor Harry L. Curtis of Brady, who proposed the site as an auxiliary field for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). The FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013 calls it a general aviation facility.

History
Construction of the airport began in November 1940. The Works Progress Administration provided labor for the project with the city and county providing equipment for leveling and grading. The airport opened in August 1941. On January 1, 1942, the facility was taken over by the United States Army Air Forces and was used during World War II as a primary (stage 1) pilot training airfield. Facilities at the 354-acre field included a headquarters building and annex, a ground school, an infirmary, mess hall, three barracks, and four hangars.

Known as Curtis Field, the facility was operated as a contract pilot school, operated initially by the Brady Aviation School for the USAAF Gulf Coast Training Center (later Central Flying Training Command).  Later, the contract was taken over by the Dallas Aviation School and Air College.

Several local axillary landing airfields were associated with Curtis Field, the Curtis Ranch; Moore Field; Sneed Field and White Field for emergency and overflow landings.

It is notable that enlisted sergeant pilots received their primary flight training at Curtis Field in early 1942.  This program was ended later in the year.  The last pilot training class ended in February 1945 and military control of the airport ended.

Airline flights (Trans-Texas DC-3s) ended in 1958–59.

See also

 Texas World War II Army Airfields
 32d Flying Training Wing (World War II)
 List of airports in Texas

References

External links

 
 

Airports in Texas
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Texas
Buildings and structures in McCulloch County, Texas
USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
1941 establishments in Texas
Transportation in McCulloch County, Texas
Airports established in 1941
USAAF Central Flying Training Command
American Theater of World War II
English Engineering Units. Some fields of engineering in the United States use a system of measurement of physical quantities known as the English Engineering Units. Despite its name, the system is based on United States customary units of measure.

Definition
The English Engineering Units is a system of units used in the United States. The set is defined by the following units, and definitive conversions to the International System of Units.

Units for other physical quantities are derived from this set as needed.

In English Engineering Units, the pound-mass and the pound-force are distinct base units, and Newton's Second Law of Motion takes the form  where  is the acceleration in ft/s2 and .

History and etymology
The term English units strictly refers to the system used in England until 1826, when it was replaced by (more rigorously defined) Imperial units. The United States continued to use the older definitions until the Mendenhall Order of 1893, which established the United States customary units. Nevertheless, the term "English units" persisted in common speech and was adapted as "English engineering units" but these are based on US customary units rather than the pre-1826 English system.

British Engineering Units
A similar system, termed British Engineering Units by Halliday and Resnick (1974), is a system that uses the slug as the unit of mass, and in which Newton's law retains the form .  Modern British engineering practice has used SI base units since at least the late 1970s.

See also
 Imperial and US customary measurement systems

Notes

References

Customary units of measurement
Customary units of measurement in the United States
Opportunistic reasoning. Opportunistic reasoning is a method of selecting a suitable logical inference strategy within artificial intelligence applications. 

Specific reasoning methods may be used to draw conclusions from a set of given facts in a knowledge base, e.g. forward chaining versus backward chaining. However, in opportunistic reasoning, pieces of knowledge may be applied either forward or backward, at the "most opportune time".

An opportunistic reasoning system may combine elements of both forward and backward reasoning. It is useful when the number of possible inferences is very large and the reasoning system must be responsive to new data that may become known.

Opportunistic reasoning has been used in applications such as blackboard systems and medical applications.

References
 Marin D. Simina et al. "Opportunistic Reasoning: A Design Perspective" in Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of Cognitive Science edited by Johanna D. Moore, 1995 , page 78

Notes

Automated reasoning
October-class missile boat. The October class is a series of six missile boats constructed for the Egyptian Navy in the mid-1970s as a replacement for the aging s. The design of the vessels is based on the Komar class and the six ships were constructed at Alexandria, Egypt and completed by Vosper Thornycroft at Portsmouth, United Kingdom. They entered service in the late 1970s. Two were removed from service and four are still active.

Design and description
The October class is based on the Soviet s, which had been acquired by the Egyptian Navy in 1962. The October class have wooden hulls and have a standard displacement of  and  at full load. Their small size leads to very cramped conditions for the crew, with access to the engine room through a removable operations room. The missile boats are  long with a beam of  and a draught of . The vessels are propelled by four CRM 12 D/SS diesel engines turning four shafts, rated at . This gives them a maximum speed of  and a range of  at . The missile boats have a complement of 20.

Missile boats in the class are armed with two OTO Melara Otomat surface-to-surface missiles and four Type 32 30 mm/75 guns in two twin mounts for anti-aircraft (AA) defence. The October class are fitted with Marconi S 810 surface search radar and Marconi/ST 802 fire control radar. They also mount a Racal Cutlass radar warning system and two Protean fixed decoy launchers.

Vessels in class

Construction and history
Six October-class missile boats were ordered by the Egyptian Navy to replace the Komar-class missile boats already in service. They were constructed at the shipyard in Alexandria, Egypt and launched in 1975–1976. The incomplete missile boats were then taken to Portsmouth, United Kingdom to have the missiles and electronics installed by Vosper Thornycroft and the vessels completed between 1979 and 1981. The October-class vessels were initially named 207, 208, 209, 210, 211 and 212. The final pair to complete, 207 and 212 arrived in Egypt on 25 April 1981. The ships were renumbered to their current names and 791, while being carried aboard a freighter, was lost overboard during the delivery voyage on 16 December 1980. The missile boat was salvaged on 30 June 1981. 791 then underwent repairs, which were completed on 13 August 1982. By 2009, 785 was laid up and 791 was non-operational.

Citations

References

External links
 hazegray.org

Missile boats of the Egyptian Navy