omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dornier Do E. The Dornier Do E was a small German flying boat of 1924, designed for reconnaissance missions.

Development
Conceptually, the Do E was very similar to the successful Dornier Wal, but smaller and single-engined. It was of all-metal construction, with a parasol wing that was attached by struts to a wide, shallow hull. The hull had a single step and stability on the water was ensured by the characteristic Dornier sponsons. The single engine was installed on top of the wing centre section, driving a tractor propeller.

The crew accommodation consisted of an open cockpit with two seats side by side, and a position for an observer in the aft fuselage. The Do E could be equipped with a defensive gun or photographic equipment, operated by the observer.

Only four are known to have been completed. Two aircraft with Rolls-Royce Eagle IX engines, known as Do E Is, were exported to Japan and Chile. Two more were built as the Do E II, with Gnome-Rhone Jupiter air-cooled engines. The Do E I was distinguished  from the Wal and the Do E II by having a wing covered with metal panels, instead of fabric.

Dornier registered the two Do E II aircraft for the 1926 German contest for seaplanes, but cancelled their participation shortly before the start.

Specifications (Do E/II)

References

Further reading

Do E
Aircraft first flown in 1924
Carlos Paz de Araújo. Carlos A. Paz de Araújo is a Brazilian American scientist and inventor with nearly 600 patents registered in his name. Most of them are associated with nanotechnology, particularly a ferroelectric memory chip (FeRAM)

Career and inventions 
As a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Paz de Araújo's work has led to the development of integrated circuit-embedded FeRAMs used in smart cards, electronic money and other products.

Paz de Araújo is the founder of RAMTRON and Symetrix Corporations. He identified SrBi2Ta203 (SBT), the ferroelectric material used in the most advanced FeRAMs and which resolves the fatigue problem and fabrication difficulties in memory chips, ensuring that stored information is retained.

He and his colleagues were the first to use ferroelectric thin films as high-k capacitors for cellular phones, integrated into a set of gallium arsenide chips. The resulting devices were 50 times smaller and drew a fraction of the power of their predecessors. Working with scientists at Matsushita Electric Industry Company in Japan, he adapted SBT technology to contactless smart cards that permit information to be continuously upgraded during use.

Paz de Araujo is the editor of Integrated Ferroelectrics, and chairman of the International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics.  He has edited two books on integrated ferroelectrics and is the author of several papers on ferroelectrics.

Paz de Araujo holds a Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana.

In 2006 Paz de Araujo won the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award. 

Panasonic acquired 9% equity in Symetrix Corporation.

References

External links
 IEEE - 2006 Daniel E. Noble Award
 University of Notre Dame - Notre Dame Triple Domer Wins 2006 IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award

Brazilian scientists
Living people
People from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte
IEEE award recipients
Brazilian expatriate academics in the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
European Journal of Information Systems. The European Journal of Information Systems is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the theory and practice of information systems. It was established in 1991 and is an official journal of the Operational Research Society. The journal covers a diverse range of topics including technology, development, implementation, strategy, management, and policy related to the theory and practice of information systems.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 7.3.

See also
List of systems science journals

References

External links

Information systems journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Operational Research Society academic journals
Academic journals established in 1991
JR Freight Class EF200. The  was a Bo-Bo-Bo wheel arrangement DC electric locomotive type operated by JR Freight on freight services in Japan from 1992 until its retirement on 28 March 2019.

Overview
The Class EF200 was developed to replace Class EF66 electric locomotives on heavy freight services on the Tokaido Main Line and Sanyo Main Line west of Tokyo. It is equipped with six  FMT2 traction motors, giving a total power output of . Ultimately, the class was deemed to be over-specified and unnecessarily expensive, and the order was terminated after the delivery of 20 full-production locomotives. The subsequent Class EF210 was instead chosen as the standard design for hauling freight services on the Tokaido Main Line and Sanyo Main Line. Originally designed to haul  freight trains, problems of insufficient power supply capacity to the overhead lines, meant that the class was initially limited to hauling  trains.

Operations
, the fleet consists of 12 locomotives (EF200-2 – 7, 10, 15, and 17 – 20), based at Suita Depot in Osaka. They are used primarily on 1,300 t freight trains west of Tokyo on the Tokaido and Sanyo Main Lines.

Variants
 EF200-900: Prototype locomotive EF200-901, built 1990
 EF200-0: Full-production locomotives EF200-1 – 20, built 1992–1993

History
The prototype locomotive, EF200-901, was delivered in March 1990 for extensive testing. The first full-production locomotives were delivered to Shin-Tsurumi Depot in Tokyo in 1992, entering revenue service on the Tokaido Main Line and Sanyo Main Line from the summer of that year. In 1992, the Class EF200 was awarded the Laurel Prize, presented annually by the Japan Railfan Club.

From 1 April 1999, the entire class was transferred from Shin-Tsurumi in Tokyo to Suita Depot in Osaka.
Between 2006 and 2009, the entire fleet was repainted into a new livery similar to that used for the later Class EF210 locomotives. EF200-901 was similarly repainted in 2007.

From 2007, the class was power-derated to match the power output of the older Class EF66 locomotives. In 2011, one class member, EF200-1, was withdrawn.

During fiscal 2015, eight members of the class were removed from regular duties, leaving 12 members in service. The final service of the Class EF200 took place on 28 March 2019, as EF200-18 hauled its last freight train from the Hatabu yard in Shimonoseki to the Suita freight terminal in Osaka.

Preserved examples

The prototype locomotive, EF200-901, was withdrawn in March 2016 and moved to the Hitachi Mito factory in Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, in October 2016, where it was restored to its original livery.

Classification

The EF200 classification for this locomotive type is explained below. As with previous locomotive designs, the prototype was numbered EF200-901, with subsequent production locomotives numbered from EF200-1 onward.
 E: Electric locomotive
 F: Six driving axles
 200: DC locomotive with AC motors

References

External links

 JR Freight website 

1500 V DC locomotives
Electric locomotives of Japan
EF200
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1990
Hitachi locomotives
Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis. Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis is a method for synthesizing indole from a (substituted) ortho-nitrocinnamic acid and iron powder in strongly basic solution. This reaction was discovered by Adolf von Baeyer and Adolph Emmerling in 1869.

Reaction mechanism
The reaction of iron powder with o-nitrocinnamic acid reduces the nitro group to a nitroso. The nitrogen then condenses with a carbon on the alkene chain with loss of a molecule of water to form a ring. Decarboxylation gives indole.

See also
 Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis

References

Indole forming reactions
Organic reactions
Name reactions
JR Freight Class DF200. The  is a Bo-Bo-Bo wheel arrangement diesel–electric locomotive type operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight) and the Kyushu Railway Company.

, JR Freight operates 48 Class DF200s, and JR Kyushu operates one (DF200-7000).

Background
In Hokkaido, where the proportion of electrified sections on trunk lines is low, the Class DD51 had been the mainstay of freight transport since the introduction of "smokeless railways", regardless of whether they ran on electrified or non-electrified sections. After the creation of JR, the increase in freight transportation and the increasing speed of freight trains made the DD51's traction capacity insufficient, requiring trains to run with double heading. Due to the harsh climate in Hokkaido, the cars also became increasingly obsolete. To address these issues, the DF200 was developed.

It was rewarded with Laurel_Prize in 1994.

Variants
 DF200-900
 DF200-0
 DF200-50
 DF200-100
 DF200-200
 DF200-7000 (JR Kyushu)

DF200-900
The pre-production locomotive DF200-901 was delivered in March 1992 for testing. It has two MTU 12V396TE14 diesel engines.

DF200-0
Full-production batch delivered from 1994. Red "JRF" logos were later replaced by white logos. 12 locomotives were built.

DF200-50
Batch built from March 2000 with Komatsu SDA12V170-1 diesel engines in place of the earlier MTU engines. External changes include grey front-end skirts, white "JRF" logos, and "Red Bear Eco Power" logos. 13 locomotives were built.

DF200-100
Batch built from August 2005 to December 2011 with IGBT VVVF inverters. 23 Class DF200-100 locomotives were built.

DF200-200
In 2016, DF200-123 was moved from Hokkaido to Suita Depot in Osaka, where it underwent modifications and renumbering to DF200-223 before being returned to service on the Kansai Main Line in the Nagoya area. This was followed by locomotives DF200-116 and DF200-120, which were similarly modified and renumbered DF200-216 and DF200-220 respectively in 2018.

DF200-7000

A dedicated Class DF200-7000 diesel locomotive was built in 2013 for JR Kyushu's Seven Stars in Kyushu luxury excursion train. Built specially for use in Kyushu and finished in a deep maroon livery, the locomotive was built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in Kobe, and delivered in July 2013.

Classification

The DF200 classification for this locomotive type is explained below.
 D: Diesel locomotive
 F: Six driving axles
 200: Diesel–electric locomotive with AC motors

References

External links

 JR Freight website 
 Details on Kawasaki Heavy Industries website 

Diesel–electric locomotives of Japan
DF200
DF200
Bo-Bo-Bo locomotives
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1994
Kawasaki diesel locomotives
Avro Burga. The Avro Burga was built by Avro for R.F. Burga to test his unique system of lateral control. It was a single-engined two-seat monoplane, fitted with differentially operated surfaces above and below the central fuselage.

Development
Since the Wright brothers' crucial work on aircraft control, lateral control has almost always been provided by moving the surface of the wing, either by wing warping or with ailerons. Lieut. R.F. Burga of the Peruvian Navy made the radical suggestion that it might be better to effect lateral control with two rudder-like surfaces, mounted near the centre of gravity and at right angles to the wings.  A roll would be initiated by turning these surfaces, one below and one above the fuselage, in opposite directions.  Burga applied for a patent in 1910 and it was published on 2 November 1911.  He approached A.V Roe & Co., who would build other people's designs for them, and in 1912 a single-engined shoulder-winged monoplane was produced with the novel control surfaces.  It has been suggested that this aircraft may have been the Avro 502, about which all that is known is that it was a monoplane.

The Burga monoplane was built at Avro's Manchester factory at the same time as the prototype Avro Type E biplane, and it used the same tail unit and undercarriage. Control surfaces apart, it differed primarily in being a monoplane, but also in having a more slender fuselage, though still a two-seater, and in using a less powerful but lighter engine, a  Gnome rotary. The wings were braced from below to strong points on the undercarriage and from above to a pylon just ahead of the front cockpit. A vertical shaft attached to this pylon appears also to have carried the leading edges of the lateral control surfaces; the one below the fuselage was almost rectangular but the upper one was shaped to avoid the passenger's head.

Operational history
Though Avro aircraft had always been built in Manchester, they had never flown from there but rather from the Avro School's base at Brooklands; in August 1912, however, the school had moved to Shoreham on the south coast, which is where the Burga machine was test flown. The first flight was carried out on 20 November 1912, piloted by H.R. Simms one of the School's pilots.  The monoplane had been designed to take wings of different camber and incidence, and those chosen for the early testing were expected to give the highest speed.  Simms reported that the aircraft was fast and had a good rate of climb, but no reports on handling with the new surfaces seem to have survived.  After more flying, the aircraft was reported as back at the Avro factory for modification but was not seen again.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1910s British aircraft
Burga
Aircraft first flown in 1912
E655 series. The  is an AC/DC dual-voltage electric multiple unit (EMU) train operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan. The single 5-car trainset is used as a luxury charter train called , and also as the Imperial train by inserting a dedicated Imperial carriage.

Formation
The trainset is normally formed as a five-car set, as shown below.
 KuRo E655-101 (Tsc') (with diesel generator)
 MoRo E655-101 (M1s) (with 2 pantographs)
 MoRo E654-101 (M2s)
 MoRo E655-201 (M1s) (with 2 pantographs)
 KuMoRo E654-101 (M2sc)

The Imperial carriage, classified "TR" and numbered E655-1, is inserted between cars 3 and 4 for Imperial Train duties.

Cars 1 to 3 were built by Tokyu Car Corporation, and the other three cars were built by Hitachi

The E655 series unit can be hauled by a diesel locomotive on non-electrified lines, in which case power for air conditioning and lighting is supplied by the diesel generator in car 1.

Interior
Seating in cars 1 to 5 is in 2+1 configuration. The nine seats in car 3 are leather-covered.

"TR" car E655-1
The special "TR" imperial train car can also operate sandwiched within other EMU trainsets, and has been test run in an E257 series set (December 2008), E653 series set (April 2009), and E657 series set (September 2011).

History
JR East announced in June 2004 its plans to build a new VIP train which would also replace the former locomotive-hauled imperial train. The E655 series trainset was delivered in July 2007, and unveiled to the media at Ueno Station in Tokyo on 24 July 2007, before undergoing test running on various lines in the Kanto Region. The first revenue-earning service operated by the train was on 23 November 2007, when it was used for a charter service for JR East's "Otona no Kyujitsu Club" between Ueno and Kōriyama. On 13 December 2007, JR East announced that the train would be called Nagomi. The first Imperial Train working was on 12 November 2008, when the train was used to convey the Japanese Imperial couple and the Spanish Royal couple between Ueno and Tsuchiura.

Imperial train workings

The E655 series set has been used on the following imperial train workings.

See also
 Joyful Train, the generic name for excursion and charter trains operated in Japan

References

External links

 JR East E655 series Nagomi  
 JR East E655 series (Japan Railfan Magazine Online) 

Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2007
Hitachi multiple units
Rail transport of heads of state
Tokyu Car multiple units
20 kV AC multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
SUNGEN International Limited. SUNGEN International Limited is a subsidiary of Anwell Technologies Limited, with trading and manufacturing business in solar photovoltaics panels and modules.

Overview
SUNGEN has a thin film solar module production facility in Henan, China using Anwell Solar’s manufacturing technologies. The facility will be used to produce 1.1 by 1.4 meter a-Si thin-film photovoltaic modules, at an initial annual capacity of 40MW in 2010. 

In March 2010, the Group announced the mass production of thin film solar modules at SUNGEN’s manufacturing base in Henan China using Anwell Solar’s thin film solar module production line.

It produces and markets the SUNGEN branded photovoltaic modules to a portfolio of installers, distributors, as well as architectural and building firms  around the world.

See also
 China Sunergy

References

External links

 Solar Cell Installation

Solar energy companies
Thin-film cell manufacturers
Photovoltaics manufacturers
Hong Kong brands
Manufacturing companies of Hong Kong
Power Plant and Dam No. 5 (Potomac River). Power Plant and Dam No. 5, also known as Honeywood Dam, comprises a dam on the Potomac River, originally built for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and a power plant built to take advantage of the river's flow to generate hydroelectric power. The dam is included in Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.

The dam was originally built to retain water for the C&O Canal in 1835. It was modified in 1993, and is  tall, retaining  of reservoir. The 1835 dam was constructed of wood cribbing, and was attacked by Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson in December 1861 with the aim of destroying the dam, depriving the upper C&O Canal of water and consequently cutting off coal shipments to Washington, D.C. Two assaults by Jackson's forces failed to cause significant damage to the dam. The dam was later replaced with a stone structure, which has been upgraded with concrete.

The power plant is a two-story brick building on the West Virginia side of the river. It was built circa 1900 as the Honeywood paper mill. The first Honeywood Mill was built at the same time as the dam, in 1835 by Edward Colston.  It burned a few years later and was replaced, then burned in the Civil War. The power plant is operated by FirstEnergy with a total installed capacity of 1210 kilowatts.

The dam and power plant were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Little Slackwater

The water impounded by the dam made an area that the Canallers called "Little Slackwater". At Guard Lock #5, the canal entered the river, and the boats navigated in the slackwater for about a half a mile, returning to the canal at Lock 45. For the boatmen, this was a tricky place to steer, particularly if the current was fast. On 1 May 1903, a towline broke and the boat (with people aboard) went over the dam, causing injuries and loss of life.

See also 

 Power Plant and Dam No. 4

References

External links 

Stonewall Jackson's Attack on Dam No. 5

Energy infrastructure completed in 1900
American Civil War sites in West Virginia
Berkeley County, West Virginia, in the American Civil War
Buildings and structures in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Washington County, Maryland
Dams in West Virginia
Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Hydroelectric power plants in West Virginia
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Potomac River
Historic American Engineering Record in West Virginia
FirstEnergy
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
Skia Graphics Engine. The Skia Graphics Engine or Skia is an open-source 2D graphics library written in C++. Skia abstracts away platform-specific graphics APIs (which differ from one to another). Skia Inc. originally developed the library; Google acquired it in 2005, and then released the software as open source licensed under the New BSD free software license in 2008.

Overview
In order to stay multi-platform, Skia supports several (platform-dependent) back-ends. These include:

 CPU software rasterization
 Portable Document Format (PDF) output
 GPU-accelerated rendering by using:
 ANGLE backend, which translates OpenGL ES calls into vendor's native APIs
 Vulkan, and Metal.
 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
 XML Paper Specification (XPS)

Skia is most similar in purpose to Cairo or Pathfinder (meaning that it focuses on drawing) rather than to other more elaborate APIs like that of Qt that provide their own widgets and UI description language etc.

Application 
The library is used  in Google Chrome, ChromeOS, ChromiumOS, Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, Android, Firefox OS, Flutter, Avalonia (from Alpha 4),  LibreOffice (from version 7.0) and RAD Studio(since version 12.0).

Supported platforms 

 Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10, 11
 macOS 10.10.5 or later
 iOS 8 or later
 Android 4.1 (JellyBean) or later
 Ubuntu 14.04+, Debian 8+, openSUSE 13.3+, or Fedora Linux 24+
 Web Browsers

Etymology 
Skia is a romanisation of the word 'shadow' in Greek (Σκιά).

History 
Skia Inc, developers of the Skia Graphics Engine, was founded in 2004 by Mike Reed and Cary Clark in Chapel Hill North Carolina, before being acquired by Google in 2005.

See also 
 Direct2D
 Starling Framework
 Anti-Grain Geometry
 CoreGraphics
 Cairo
QuickDraw GX

References

External links 
 
Skia & Freetype – Android 2D Graphics Essentials
 Pathfinder 3

YouTube 
 
Google Developers: Painting in Chromium, 2012 on YouTube

Google acquisitions
Graphics libraries
Software using the BSD license
Robert H. Todd. Robert (Bob) H. Todd (born 1942) is an American engineer and Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Brigham Young University (BYU) and a fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education.

Todd received a bachelor's degree from California State University, Northridge and an MS from Stanford University, and holds a Ph.D. from Stanford University. In 1971, he was serving as a counselor to Bishop Henry B. Eyring in the Stanford Ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints when Bishop Eyring was called to be the new president of Ricks College. Todd accepted an invitation to become the first professor of mechanical engineering at Ricks to have a Ph.D. He then joined the faculty of Brigham Young University in 1989, where he was appointed Professor of Mechanical Engineering. He developed BYU's mechanical engineering capstone program which was begun in 1990.  Among other assignments at BYU, Todd has served as the coach of the Formula SAE racing team. Todd retired at the BYU in 2013.

Todd wrote the Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide (1991) along with Dell K. Allen and Leo Alting, and has written papers on the capstone project primarily with Spencer P. Magleby and Carl D. Sorenson.

Publications 
Books, papers, articles, a selection:
 1991. Integrated Product and Process Design: Industry and Academia Working Together to Develop a Senior Capstone Design Course. With Spencer P. Magleby, Carl D. Sorensen.
 1994. Manufacturing processes reference guide. With Dell K. Allen, and Leo Alting.
 1994. Fundamental principles of manufacturing processes, With Dell K. Allen, and Leo Alting.

References 

Brigham Young University faculty
Brigham Young University–Idaho faculty
California State University, Northridge alumni
Living people
American mechanical engineers
Stanford University alumni
General Motors executives
1942 births
Fellows of the American Society for Engineering Education