omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Evaporating dish. An evaporating dish is a piece of laboratory glassware used for the evaporation of solutions and supernatant liquids, and sometimes to their melting point. Evaporating dishes are used to evaporate excess solvents – most commonly water – to produce a concentrated solution or a solid precipitate of the dissolved substance.

Description 
Most evaporating dishes are made of porcelain or borosilicate glass. Shallow glass evaporating dishes are commonly termed "watch glasses", since they resemble the front window of a pocket watch. Some used for high-temperature work are of refractory metals, usually of platinum, owing to its non-reactive behaviour and low risk of contamination.

The capacity of evaporators is usually small – in the range 3–10 ml. Larger dishes, up to 100 ml, are different in shape, and are more hemispherical.

The evaporator is used most often in quantitative analysis.

Analysis 
In the determination of silicon content in an organic sample, a small and accurately-measured quantity of a substance is added to the large amount of sulfuric acid, then heated in an evaporating dish. The dish is heated with a Bunsen burner, until only stable precipitate remains, which contains the silica content. The dish is then closed and heated at high temperature until completely clean, fused silica is produced. Comparison of the initial weight of the substance and that of the fused silica allows the content of silicon in the sample to be determined.

The shape of the evaporating dish encourages evaporation in two ways:
 The shell is relatively flat. A relatively large liquid surface promotes evaporation.
 If heated in a flask or beaker, a part of the evaporated liquid condenses on the vessel walls and flows back into the solution. This does not happen in a dish.
    
When heating liquid in an evaporating dish, the low walls encourage splashes and so stirring or swirling of evaporating liquids is considered bad practice, owing to the risk of spillage.

Evaporation, especially in production quantities rather than merely for analysis, is now mostly performed in a rotary evaporator. This is preferred because it works much faster and may be used under vacuum, avoiding unwanted reactions with the atmosphere and allowing control of noxious fumes. Evaporation under vacuum also reduces the severity of bumping and violent ebullition.

See also 
 Crucible

Notes

References

Laboratory glassware
Laboratory porcelainware
WaterSecure. WaterSecure, the trading name of the Queensland Manufactured Water Authority, was a statutory authority of the Government of Queensland that supplied water to the South East Queensland region of Australia through its desalination plant and a water recycling scheme, the Western Corridor Recycled Water scheme. WaterSecure was merged with Seqwater on 1 July 2011.

Function and activities
The Gold Coast Desalination Plant was the first large-scale desalination plant on Australia's eastern seaboard. The plant has the capacity to supply up to 125 megalitres a day of drinking water (45 GL/year). 

The Western Corridor Recycled Water scheme provides purified water to Swanbank Power Station and Tarong Power Station with the capacity to supply industry and agriculture.

See also

 Queensland Water Commission
 Seawater desalination in Australia
 Water security in Australia
 Water supply and sanitation in Australia

References

External links
 Seqwater
 Global Water Awards 2009

Water companies of Queensland
Water management in Queensland
Government agencies of Queensland
South East Queensland
Duckling (software). Duckling, the collaboration environment software suite for e-Science, is an open-source software suite developed by the Collaboration Environment Research Center of Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to meet the rapid progress of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ e-Science activities. The goals of Duckling include integrating various resources such as digital hardware, software and data, and building a high efficient and easy-to-use environment over Internet for scientists distributed in different positions to enable a new type scientific action mode.

Components 
Duckling consists of UMT, DCT, CLB and DLOG.

User Management Tool (UMT): used for creating, editing and deleting users, groups and roles.
Document Collaboration Tool (DCT): used for data publish in wiki mode.
Collaboration Library (CLB): used for data sharing among team members.
Duckling Log (DLOG): used for monitoring the events created by core services and plugins.

Moreover, various application plugins can be developed based on Duckling core services. Currently, there are several general application plugins, such as the Universal Communication Tool (UCT), the Conference Service Platform (CSP) and the Activities Arrangement Tool (AAT).

History 
Jan, 2006, CNIC launched the development of Duckling; 
Nov 28, 2008, Duckling 1.0 Version released;
Sep 22, 2009, Duckling 1.2 version released;
Mar 17, 2010, Duckling released the first open source version on the SourceForge site.

Goal 
To enable resource sharing, data fusion and collaboration working among scientific team members.

Communities 
Duckling had been used in 63 teams, including the bio-energy, the accelerator mass spectrometry instrument and the atmosphere monitoring.

References

Bibliography 
Kai Nan, Kejun Dong, Yongzheng Ma, et al. The Collaboration Environment for e-Science, e-Science Technology and Application, 2008.1

External links 
Duckling Downloading: http://duckling.sourceforge.net/ 
Duckling Exhibition: https://web.archive.org/web/20100815223720/http://duckling.escience.cn/
Duckling Space: https://web.archive.org/web/20100907104425/http://bbs.cnic.cn/duckling/

Collaborative software
E-Science
LFU 205. The LFU 205 is a single-engined, four-seat, low-wing monoplane, that was built in the late 1960s entirely from glass reinforced plastic.

Design and development

The Leichflugtechnik-Union (LFU) was a consortium formed by the Bölkow,  and Rhein-Flugzeugbau companies specifically to produce an aircraft built entirely of glass reinforced plastic (GRP).  The result, the LFU 205 was one of the first all-grp light aircraft.

The LFU 205 is a single-engined, low-winged monoplane of conventional appearance apart from slight, 7° forward sweep on the moderately tapered wing.  This carries Fowler flaps along the whole trailing edge inboard of the Frise ailerons.  The tail surfaces are also straight tapered, with the vertical surfaces slightly swept. The tailplane is a single piece, all moving surface. There are two pairs of side by side seats under a large curved, rearward sliding, canopy.  Fuselage and flying surfaces are monocoque structures using a grp sandwich with a smooth outer surface bonded to a corrugated inner skin, the latter formed from parallel 10 mm (0.4 in) tubes wrapped in glass fibre.  The corrugations run chordwise, rib-like, in the wings and tail and circumferentially in the fuselage.  The tail structures have a foam plastic core.

It is powered by a flat 4-cylinder, 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming IO-360 engine and has a tricycle undercarriage with inward retracting main legs and an aft retracting nosewheel.  The first flight was on 29 March 1968.

Operational history

The LFU 205 was intended as an experimental aircraft and only one was built.  The initial flying programme was to test the constructional methods.  Since 1984 it has flown with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) at Brunswick, Germany. It has been used in a research program into laminar flow aerofoils by fitting a "glove" of the new profile over the wings of the LFU 205 in the central sections inboard of the ailerons on both sides.  One prime interest is in the transition region between laminar and turbulent flow, studied using infra-red imaging.  The gloved regions are also instrumented to gain data on pressure and drag distributions and boundary layer behaviour.

Aircraft on display
 Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim - sole example

Specifications

References

External links

1960s German civil utility aircraft
1960s German experimental aircraft
205
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Forward-swept-wing aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1968
Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear
Lord Krishna College of Engineering. Lord Krishna College Of Engineering (LKCE) is an engineering institute located on Pithampur Rd, Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452003. The institute was established in 2006 by the Lord Krishna Group of Institutions. The institute is affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University. The college code is 224.

Programs
The institute offers a four-year Bachelor of Technology course in the following streams of Engineering:

Campus
The college has a  campus.

Library
The institute has a 900 square metre library with 10,000 volumes. It contains books on engineering, technology, applied sciences, humanities, social sciences, business administration and computer applications.

During examinations, the library is open for 24 hours, on rest of the days the library opens at 11:00 am and closes at around 4:30 pm.

Hostels
The institute has on-campus hostels for boys and girls. The hostels cover an area of 16  acre. The boys hostel has a capacity of 390 while the girls hostel can accommodate 110 students. The hostels are Wi-Fi.

The Wi-Fi network is only activated once the College timings are over so as to avoid bunking of Classes in order to use Internet.

Computer Center
The computer center has 400 computers, all with internet through a 128 kbit/s leased line.

Here as well the internet service is not active as usual. The only lab that has the Internet service activated is located on the ground floor of the C-BLOCK.

Transport
The college's 6 buses ply daily to the nearby areas of Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad.

Fee structure
The fee-structure is as per the norms of UPTU and GBTU. We charge fees for all the courses that are specified by the university for the overall development of a student. We do charge ₨ 5000/- as Personality Development Program (PDP) Fees that is carried out in the college.

Co-curricular activities
The college does not promote or carry out any kind of Co-curricular activity.

College sports are organized once every two years.

See also
 List of colleges affiliated with Mahamaya Technical University

References

External links
 Official website

Engineering colleges in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
Private engineering colleges in Uttar Pradesh
2006 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2006
NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering. The NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering, also known as the J.C. Hunsaker Award in Aeronautical Engineering, is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for "excellence in the field of aeronautical engineering". Established by Jerome C. Hunsaker and his wife, it was first awarded in 1968.

List of NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering winners 
Source: National Academy of Sciences

Alan R. Mulally (2015)

For his distinguished leadership in commercial aviation as exemplified by the development and commercialization of the Boeing 777

Norman R. Augustine (2010)

For his service to the nation as a dedicated aeronautical engineer, a leader in the aerospace defense industry, a public servant, a civic leader, and a thought leader in the engineering profession.

Elbert L. Rutan (2005)

For leadership in engineering design and construction of SpaceShipOne, Voyager, and other successful experimental aircraft.

Richard T. Whitcomb (2000)

For his pioneering contributions to the aerodynamic design of high performance aircraft.

William R. Sears (1995)

For his significant and enduring contributions to education, aerodynamics, and aircraft design, including the optimal Sears-Haack body and the original Northrop flying wing.

Robert T. Jones (1990)

For his major contributions to aeronautics, including his supersonic area rule, discovery of the value of wing sweep in attaining supersonic flight, and application of the Heaviside Calculus to flight dynamics.

Thornton A. Wilson (1985)

For his bold and farsighted leadership, which has enabled this nation to maintain and enhance its preeminence in commercial aircraft.

James S. McDonnell (1980)

For his distinguished and pioneering contributions in engineering design and development of advanced military and commercial aircraft.

Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. (1973)

For his vast contribution to the aviation world.

Leroy Randle Grumman (1968)

For his long continued contributions to aeronautical engineering.

See also

 List of engineering awards

References

External links
NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering National Academy of Sciences web site

Awards established in 1968
Engineering awards
Awards of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1968 establishments in the United States
Landing Ship Medium Mark II. The Landing Ship Medium Mark II was an amphibious warfare ship developed for the Australian Army in the late 1960s. The Army and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) were unable to reach agreement on the ship's specifications and the project was cancelled in the early 1970s.

History
In the late 1960s, the Australian Army saw a need to replace its four World War II-era Landing Ship Medium (LSM) which had been purchased from the United States in 1959. In response to this requirement, the firm Burness, Corlett and Partners, along with the Australian Shipbuilding Board, drew up plans for a larger ship that could carry more cargo, with three engines and a long, slim hull. Later versions of the plans included a helicopter pad. The ship would be capable of embarking tanks in an enclosed tank deck or on the upper deck with other cargo, and specialised storage areas would be included for refrigerated, explosive and flammable supplies.

The Army and RAN disagreed on aspects of the Landing Ship Medium Mark II's design. Unlike other contemporary designs, it was planned that the ship would not carry smaller landing craft, but rather discharge her cargo via a ramp fitted to her bow. While the Army wanted the ship to have a bow door to enable her to be beached, the navy preferred a fully sealed bow so that she could make  and sail in convoys. These differing views were not resolved, and the design team experienced problems meeting the Army's requirements.

As a result of the difficulties with the project, the Landing Ship Medium Mark II was cancelled in the early 1970s. Instead, the Army ordered eight Balikpapan-class landing craft heavy to replace the LSMs. Only the first of these ships actually served with the Army, however, as responsibility for seagoing ships was transferred to the RAN shortly after she entered service.

Notes

References
 
 

Amphibious warfare vessels of the Australian Army
Abandoned military projects of Australia
Polymer Factory Sweden AB. Established in 2005, Polymer Factory concentrates on developing well defined dendrimers and dendron based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid, where the company has the exclusive right to the production, marketing, and sales of such materials. The company also provides tailor-made hyperbranched polymers. Polymer Factory's research lab is located in Stockholm, Sweden.

The company supports research and development projects in a broad array of applications, ranging from Nanotechnology, Medicine, Photonic Application, Catalysis, Click chemistry, MALDI-TOF Calibrants, Thiol-ene Click and semiconductor materials.

Polymer Factory was founded in 2005.

References

External links
 United States Patent

See also
 Polymer
 Dendrimer

Companies based in Stockholm
Manufacturing companies established in 2005
Swedish companies established in 2005
Racing the Beam. Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System is a book by Ian Bogost and Nick Montfort describing the history and technical challenges of programming for the Atari 2600 video game console.

Content 
The book's title comes from the fact that the Atari 2600, initially branded the VCS (Video Computer System), did not have a video frame buffer and required the programmers to write each line of video to the TV output, one line at a time. As there were only a limited number of machine cycles in which to do this, the programmers were "racing" a high-speed electron beam across the screen.

Racing the Beam discusses the history of the VCS platform and the design decisions that impacted the types of games that could be written for it. Specific games such as Combat, Pitfall! and Yars' Revenge are analyzed from a technical and cultural perspective.

Racing the Beam is the first in a series of books on early video-game platforms and has been cited by modern Atari 2600 enthusiasts as an inspiration for attempting to write new games for the platform.

See also 
 Raster interrupt

References

External links 
 

2009 non-fiction books
Atari 2600
Works by Ian Bogost
MIT Press books
History books about video games
Bob Mansfield. Bob Mansfield is an American hardware engineer working at Apple, Inc. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Technologies, before leaving that role to focus on unnamed future products. It has been claimed that he supervised the development of the Apple Watch or smart television products.

Education
Mansfield earned a BSEE degree from the University of Texas in 1982.

Career
Early in his career, he had the positions of senior director at SGI and vice president of engineering at Raycer Graphics, subsequently acquired by Apple in 1999. Following the acquisition, Mansfield stayed on with Apple to fill his new role of senior vice president of Mac Hardware Engineering, overseeing teams that delivered products such as the iMac, MacBook, MacBook Air and iPad. Bob Mansfield no longer on Apple's exec team, will continue work on special projects. 

In August 2010, Mansfield took over the position of Devices Hardware Engineering from the departed Mark Papermaster. Although Apple announced Bob Mansfield's retirement on June 28, 2012, it was announced on August 27, 2012 that Mansfield would remain at Apple, working on "future projects" and reporting to Tim Cook.

Apple announced on October 29, 2012 that Mansfield would take on a new role at Apple as Senior Vice President of Technologies. Reports have claimed that Scott Forstall's departure was a key reason for Mansfield's unexpected return from retirement. On July 28, 2013, roughly 9 months after Mansfield's appointment to Senior Vice President of Technologies, Mansfield's biography was removed from Apple's executive profiles webpage. It was subsequently confirmed by Apple that Mansfield was no longer a part of the executive team, but would "continue to work on special projects under CEO Tim Cook."

He was heading Apple's car project until 2020. Following Mansfield's departure, Apple's AI executive John Giannandrea led the project, which was ultimately cancelled in 2024.

References

Apple Inc. employees
Apple Inc. executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
List of aircraft braking systems. Aircraft braking systems include:
Aircraft disc brakes in the landing gear, used to brake the wheels while touching the ground. These brakes are operated hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically. In most modern aircraft they are activated by the top section of the rudder pedals ("toe brakes"). In some older aircraft, the bottom section is used instead ("heel brakes"). Levers are used in a few aircraft. Most aircraft are capable of differential braking.
Thrust reversers, that allow thrust from the engines to be used to slow the aircraft.
Air brakes, dedicated flight control surfaces that work by increasing drag.
Large drogue parachutes, used by several former and current military and civilian aircraft (examples include the American B-52 and the soviet Tu-134 and Tu-144) and in the Space Shuttle.

References

Vehicle braking technologies
Mounted Soldier System. The Mounted Soldier System (MSS) or Ground Warrior is a combat vehicle crewman ensemble integrating advanced gear as an effective force multiplier in combat theater.

Sub-components
The MSS consists of a heads-up display, cordless communications, micro-climatic cooling, and force protection items. These subsystems will provide platform commanders and vehicle crew members increased effectiveness on the network-centric battlefield in areas of command and control, situational awareness, communications, and force protection.

Helmet-Mounted Display 
This system shows vehicle situational awareness information and sensors, and can also control video signals from various sources. The integration supports up to four crewmen per platform and up to three SMPTE and two SVGA signals.

Cordless Communications 
The Cordless Communications Capabilities provide the platform's crew with a wireless connection capability to the vehicle's intercom and radios. It allows the crew to communicate by voice over the platform's intercom system when mounted or dismounted within 300 meters of their platform. The system automatically detects when a crewman becomes disconnected from the intercom system and allows the disconnected crewman to continue to have voice communication with the crew and access to the platform's tactical net radios.

Microclimate Cooling System 
The Microclimate Cooling System is integrated into the platform and features a cooling vest worn by the Soldier. This will reduce crewman heat stress and provide increased comfort during operations in hot environments.

Soldier Force Protection System 
Soldier safety is enhanced with the Improved Combat Vehicle Crewman Coverall, flame-resistant moisture wicking undergarments, ballistic and laser eye protection, and flame-resistant hand, face, and foot protection. Soldier effectiveness is improved through enhanced systems engineering and integration of capabilities. Facial protection and improvements to body armor are also being pursued.

History
Integration was first performed to a limited extent to 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Increment II is in advanced stages of development.

References

Sources
 This article incorporates work from https://peosoldier.army.mil/FactSheets/PMSWAR/SWAR_MSS_MSS.pdf, which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military.

United States Army projects
Beam spoiler. A beam spoiler is a piece of material, placed into the path of the photon beam in radiotherapy. The purpose of the spoiler is to reduce the depth of the maximum radiation dosage.

Composition 
The beam spoiler is composed of a sheet of material which has a low atomic number, typically lucite, the thickness of which is varied according to the beam energy and the distance by which the radiation dose must be shifted.

Action
As the primary photon beam passes through the plate, secondary electrons are generated. The beam exiting the spoiler is a combination of the spoiler-attenuated photons and the spoiler-generated electrons. The electron component alters the depth dose in the buildup region in a way that depends on the photon beam energy, the field size, and the distance of the spoiler from the treatment surface.

References 

Radiobiology