omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Integrated transport network. An integrated transport network is a transport system that allows travellers to have a seamless, rapid public transport experience. Journeys are optimised to have as little interchange as possible, services are scheduled to minimise waiting times, and ticketing or other administrative tasks are reduced to the minimum. The concept may be applied to single transport modes or to combinations.

History 
One of the first integrated transport networks was the Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba, Brazil. Opened in 1979, the RIT was one of the first systems to merge multiple aspects of a metropolitan transport network into one.

In the UK, the concept of "integrated transport" was first publicised by Tony Blair's 1997 Labour government in a 1998 white paper, titled "A New Deal for Transport: Better for everyone". A response to growing concerns around traffic congestion, it suggested that improving and better "integrating" existing public transport systems would reduce overall congestion.

Planning 
In order to achieve an integrated network including different modes of transport, all agencies responsible for the various modes must work effectively together. If they are fragmented, and especially if they are in direct competition with each other, effective joint working is unlikely.

Traveller information 
Prospective travellers must be able to access information about their possible journey. For public transport services, travellers should be able to access real-time information on services, or should (in high-use areas) be confident that the next service will arrive very shortly.

See also 
 Transit-oriented development

References 

Intermodal transport
Sustainable urban planning
Sustainable transport
Transit-oriented developments
Ana María Flores. Ana María Flores Sanzetenea (born 29 July 1952) is a Bolivian engineer, businesswoman, ex-senator, and politician. She is also known for her candidacy for the presidency of Bolivia in the 2009 general election, in which she finished fifth.

Biography
Ana María Flores was born on 29 July 1952 in the city of Sucre, Bolivia. Her primary and secondary schooling took place in her hometown. She continued her higher education, traveling to the United States to study civil engineering at Trinity College. She also married a U.S. citizen. A few years after their marriage, Flores was widowed with two daughters.

During her working life, Flores devoted herself entirely to the business of the mining equipment and construction company Whenhell, of which she was general manager and owner from age 27, from 1979 to 1984. She was also a representative of the companies Renardet Ingenieurs from 1984 to 1992, Santi Consulting from 1990 to 1997, and Iberinsa from 1992 to 1998. Flores was also owner of the investment group Cristal from 1995 until its end in 2002.

Political life
At age 50, Flores was invited by Manfred Reyes Villa's New Republican Force to participate in the elections, where she won the position of senator for La Paz Department in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly. However she left the party after the gas conflict in 2003, during the second government of president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (2002–2003).

During this time, Flores joined the "Transversal Group", a number of senators who had resigned from their respective political parties after the gas conflict. Flores contributed by denouncing several instances of nepotism in the Bolivian congress. She held her senatorial position until 2005.

Four years after leaving office, at age 57, Flores ran for president in the 2009 general election with the United Social Patriotic Movement. She finished fifth with 23,257 votes (0.51% of the general vote).

Kidnapping
In 2012, at age 60, Flores was kidnapped by a gang in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. According to some Bolivian media, she paid a ransom for her release (she never disclosed the amount of money), thus regaining her freedom. The report of her abduction would become national news.

In March 2015, at age 63, Flores returned to Bolivian politics, but this time participating in regional elections for the position of mayor of the city of La Paz for the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement. She lost in subnational elections held on 29 March.

See also
 Evo Morales
 Manfred Reyes Villa
 Samuel Jorge Doria Medina Auza
 René Joaquino
 Alejo Véliz

References

1952 births
Living people
20th-century businesswomen
20th-century women engineers
21st-century businesswomen
21st-century women engineers
Bolivian businesspeople
Bolivian senators from La Paz
Candidates in the 2009 Bolivian presidential election
People from Sucre
Women members of the Senate of Bolivia
Carolina Schmidt. María Carolina Schmidt Zaldívar (born 9 September 1967) is a Chilean politician and businesswoman who was the Minister of the Environment between August 2018 and November 2021, in the second government of Sebastián Piñera. She also served as the Minister of Education from April 2013 to March 2014.

Education and early career 

She graduated from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile with a degree in commercial engineering, and also studied a short non-degree specialization course in Marketing at New York University. After finishing her studies, Schmidt worked as a saleswomen in the United Kingdom under entrepreneur Alfonso Swett. After ten years, she became general manager of the Chilean branch of Nine West Holdings, focusing on expanding the brand to Latin American countries.

Political career 

In 2000, Schmidt was named general manager of the magazine Capital, serving in that role for eight years, and was later appointed by President Michelle Bachelet to the President’s Advisory Council, where Schmidt focused on children and women's work, specifically the "Chile Grows With You" program. In March 2010, President Sebastián Piñera appointed her Minister-Director of the National Women's Service. Her primary accomplishment during her time as Minister-Director was extending parental leave from three to six months.

In April 2013, Minister of Education Harald Beyer was impeached for "having failed to investigate complaints against universities allegedly engaged in profit-making"; Schmidt was highly regarded in Piñera's cabinet, and as a result she was appointed to the position, serving until Piñera's term ended on 11 March 2014. In August 2017, Schmidt was named general manager of media at Copesa.

Representing the original host country, Schmidt serves as President of the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) held in Madrid, Spain.

References

1967 births
Living people
Politicians from Santiago, Chile
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni
New York University alumni
Women government ministers of Chile
Ministers of education of Chile
Environment ministers of Chile
Blohm & Voss P 192. The Blohm & Voss P 192 was a design study for a dive bomber/ground attack aircraft intended to replace the Junkers Ju 87.

Its radical design featured a three-surface wing configuration, with the single propeller installed mid-fuselage between the fore and main wings.

History
Through the Spring of 1944 the Blohm & Voss design team under Richard Vogt studied a series of design configurations for a "Stuka" dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft, with a view to replacing the ageing Junkers Ju 87 and relieving the demand on the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, which was being pressed into the role as a temporary stopgap. Ultimately, none of the competing designs would be produced and the Fw 190 was replaced in the ground-attack role by the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.

The first of these was the P 192. Others, studied either in parallel or shortly afterwards, included the P 193, P 194 and P 196.

Estimated performance of the P 192 was disappointing and the design was dropped.

Design

Vogt's radical design included a propeller mounted part way back along the fuselage, which was of tubular cross-section and shared a common axis so that the propeller appeared to cut it in half. The engine was placed immediately behind the propeller, while the forward fuselage accommodated the pilot and retractable nosewheel.

In order to provide sufficient structural stiffness, a small fore wing was mid-mounted on the front section and short tip booms ran back on either side of the propeller to brace the forward section against the main wing, also mid-mounted. Curiously, a conventional tail was also fitted, making it a three-surface aircraft.

The main wing was straight, with a heavily tapered trailing edge, and airflow for the engine cooling radiators entered through long, narrow leading edge slits inboard of the booms.

Armament comprised two 20 mm MG 151 machine guns in the nose section and two 30 mm MK 108 cannon in the side booms. External provision was made for carrying a single  bomb beneath the fuselage.

Two options were studied, the P 192.01 powered by a Daimler-Benz DB 603G and the P 192.02 powered by a Junkers Jumo 213A, both engines being liquid-cooled inverted V12 types.

The P 192.01 had a wing span of  and a length of .

The P 192.02 was slightly smaller and had a tapered tailplane, in comparison to the P.01 with a constant-chord tail.

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Hugh Cowin; "Blohm und Voss Projects of World War II: Part I", Air Pictorial, October 1963, pp. 312–316.

P 192
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Blohm & Voss P 193. The Blohm & Voss P 193 was a design study for a dive bomber/ground attack aircraft intended to replace the Junkers Ju 87.

Its single-engine pusher design featured a variable-incidence wing, which could rotate for takeoff without risking ground impact by the pusher propeller at the rear.

History
Through the Spring of 1944 the Blohm & Voss design team under Richard Vogt studied a series of design configurations for a "Stuka" dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft, with a view to replacing the ageing Junkers Ju 87 and relieving the demand on the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, which was being pressed into the role as a temporary stopgap. Ultimately, none of the competing designs would be produced and the Fw 190 was replaced in the ground-attack role by the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.

Among the first of these was the P 193. Others, studied either in parallel or shortly afterwards, included the P 192, P 194 and P 196.

Although its estimated top speed of  at  was faster than the P 102, the rate of climb of the P 193 proved inadequate and the design was dropped.

Design
The P 193 was of pusher layout with a deep ventral fin to protect the rear-mounted propeller from ground impact, but was otherwise conventional in appearance. The pilot was seated well forward, giving an excellent vision, while the Junkers Jumo 213A engine, rated at , was mid-mounted and drove the propeller through a long extension shaft.

In order to obtain the necessary rotation for takeoff, the incidence of the main wing could be increased, similar to the earlier Bv 144 transport prototype then under construction in France.

Despite its difference from the even more radical P 192, studied in parallel, the two designs shared many of the same wing, forward fuselage, tricycle undercarriage and armament components.

It had a wing span of  and length of .

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Hugh Cowin; "Blohm und Voss Projects of World War II: Part I", Air Pictorial, October 1963, pp. 312–316.

P 193
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Penta-silicene. Penta-silicene or pentasilicene denotes a silicon-based two-dimensional (2D) structure, a cousin of silicene, composed entirely of Si pentagons, in analogy with penta-graphene,a hypothetical variant of graphene. As of 2017 such a structure has only been obtained synthetically as one-dimensional nanoribbons (1D-NRs) grown on a silver (110) substrate. These nanoribbons adopt a highly ordered chiral arrangement in single- and/or double-strands (SNRs and DNRs, respectively). They were discovered in 2005 upon depositing Si onto the Ag(110) surface held at room temperature or at about 200 °C, and observed in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. However, their unique atomic structure was unveiled only in 2016 through thorough density functional theory calculations and simulations of the STM images. It consists of alternating Si pentagons residing along a missing row formed at the silver surface during the growth process  (see Fig. 1). In the Penta-silicene NRs each Si pentagonal moiety displays an envelope conformation whereby four atoms are coplanar and a fifth flap atom protrudes out of the surface. The pentagons, nevertheless, do not deviate much from regular ones (see Fig. 2). DNRs consist of two SNRs with the same handedness running in parallel along two missing rows separated by two Ag lattice constants (aAg = 4.1 Å) (see Fig. 3).

These theoretical results were further corroborated later in a detailed surface X-ray diffraction study.

The uniqueness of penta-silicene NRs resides in the fact that pentagonal Si motifs are hardly found in nature. Despite large efforts devoted to design Si-based structures analogous to those of carbon, the existence of Si pentagonal rings had only been reported in clathrate bulk phases or in Si surface reconstructions, like, typically, for the cleaved Si(111)2x1 surface 

The discovery of 1D-Penta-silicene nanoribbons increases the chances of the future isolation of this new low dimensional Si allotrope, provided these epitaxial nanoribbons can be detached from the silver surface.

The possibilities offered by this one-dimensional pentagonal structure include enlarged spin–orbit effects and Si-based nano-wires.

References 

Allotropes of silicon
Two-dimensional nanomaterials
SS Samoland. SS Samoland was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was transferred to the British Ministry of War Transportation (MoWT) upon completion.

Construction
Samoland was laid down on 10 April 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2359, by J.A. Jones Construction, Brunswick, Georgia; sponsored by Mrs. H.B. Jones, daughter-in-law of James Addison Jones, and launched on 20 May 1944.

History
She was allocated to E.R. Management Co., on 9 June 1944. On 30 April 1947, she was sold to the Dover Navigation Co., for commercial use. She was wrecked in 1955, and declared a constructive total loss (CTL), but rebuilt. She was again wrecked in 1968, and scrapped the same year.

References

Bibliography

 
 
 
 
 

Liberty ships
Ships built in Brunswick, Georgia
1944 ships
Liberty ships transferred to the British Ministry of War Transport
Kirodimal Govt. Polytechnic, Raigarh. Kirodimal Govt. Polytechnic, Raigarh (KGP Raigarh) is a government-run technical institute located in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. It was established in 1956, it is affiliated to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University. It is one of the oldest Polytechnic in india.

The institute offers diploma in civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science and engineering and electronics and telecommunication engineering and metallurgical engineering.

History
KGP Raigarh was established in 1956, it was inaugurated by the first President of India Rajendra Prasad.

Departments
The institute has the following departments:
Computer Science
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Metallurgy
Physics
Chemistry

References

Engineering colleges in Chhattisgarh
Educational institutions established in 1956
1956 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Education in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh
Universities and colleges in Chhattisgarh
Hibneryt. The Hibneryt is a Polish armored radar-directed self-propelled anti-aircraft gun system. A ZU-23-2 or ZUR-23-2S short-range air defense towed twin 23 mm autocannon fitted onto the Star 266's truck bed which has been modified and elevated to allow the AA gun to fire more freely. The wheels haven't been removed which allows the crew to remove the autocannon if need be which can be used as it originally was. The vehicle carries the ammo and equipment for the AA gun.
 Hibneryt-KG - Hibneryt armed with ZUR-23-2KG Jodek-G short-range air defense towed twin 23 mm autocannon. It has a storage space for the GROM missiles as well as engine-generator for the AA gun.
 Hibneryt-P - Custom variant made by soldiers from 3rd District Technological Workshops in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki.

See also
Flakpanzer Gepard
Marksman
K30 Biho
Type 87
9K22 Tunguska

References

Armoured fighting vehicles of Poland
Anti-aircraft guns of Poland
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons
Science and technology in Poland
Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period
23 mm artillery
Henryk Golański. Henryk Golański (1 January 1908 – 13 June 1995) was a Polish electrical engineer, diplomat and politician, appointed as the Minister of Higher Education from 1959 to 1965 (presently Ministry of Science and Higher Education).

Biography
Henryk Golański was born on 1 January 1908 in Łódź, a son of Franciszek and Maria Golański. He finished his studies at the Warsaw University of Technology. In the years 1932–1933, Golański was an engineer and manager of construction and assembly works at the Łódź Heat Power Stations and the Municipal Board in Lódź. He then served in the military as part of the staff at the Cadet Corps in Siedlce, obtaining a platoon rank.

From 1929 to 1932, Golański was a member of the Association of Independent Socialist Youth (ZNMS) "Życie". During 1934–1939, he worked as a designer at the State Tele and Radio Works in Warsaw. From 1939, he was also a member of the Union of Armed Struggle, and then the Home Army under the pseudonym "Marek". During the war, Golański was part of the resistance and participated in the Warsaw uprising, although in a minor role. This was not something to be proud of under Socialist Poland and, therefore, tended to be downplayed.

He died on 13 June 1995 in Warsaw.

Politics
He joined the Polish Workers' Party in 1946, and would later belong to the Polish United Workers' Party. Between 1947 and 1949, Golański worked at the Ministry of Industry, from 1947 to 1949 at the Department of Industry and Trade, then at the Department of Light Industry as Undersecretary of State in 1950. Afterwards, he joined the Ministry of Higher Education (also as undersecretary of state from 1951). From 18 June 1959 to 14 December 1965, he served as a minister in the government of Józef Cyrankiewicz.

From 1966 to 1970 he was the ambassador of Poland to Greece.

Honors
He was awarded the First Class Order of the Banner of Work in 1964.

References

Engineers from Łódź
Ambassadors of Poland to Cyprus
Ambassadors of Poland to Greece
1908 births
1995 deaths
Politicians from Łódź
Home Army members
Government ministers of Poland
Diplomats from Łódź
Tsugaru-class patrol vessel. The  is a class of PLH type patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard (JCG; former Maritime Safety Agency, MSA).

Backgrounds 
In late 1970s, it was clear that the new international rules on exclusive economic zone would need a considerable increase in the size of the Maritime Safety Agency fleets. In order to cover a wide ocean with a small number of vessels, JMSA began considering the shipping operation of air-sea rescue helicopters.

At first, Sōya was built as a prototype in the plan of FY1977. Then, from the supplementary budget for the same year, construction of this class was started.

Design 
This class is roughly based on its prototype, Sōya, it is the same as having a long forecastle, but her icebreaking capability was omitted. In order to operate helicopter with these small ships, antiroll tanks and fixed fin stabilizers were set up. Since this class were built for a long time, the design are slightly different. In particular, the overall improvement was added to the design of the last two vessels, so the United States Naval Institute dealt them as a separate group, Ryukyu class.

Like Sōya, these ships are not only a helicopter platform but also a command ship, so an operations room, OIC section, is installed adjacent to the bridge. The ability of Command and control is improved sequentially. Currently, Heli-TV system are installed to enable transmission of TV signals directly from a helicopter to OIC section. There are also SATCOM system to relay these TV signals to headquarters onshore.

In the earliest ships, one L/60 Bofors 40 mm gun and one L/70 Oerlikon 20 mm cannon were set up. But both of them became obsolete, so later, 40 mm guns were replaced by L/90 Oerlikon 35 mm guns, and 20 mm cannons were replaced by JM61-M 20 mm rotary cannons. And in the Ryukyu class, the 20 mm rotary cannons are upgraded to JM61-RFS, remotely operated version with an optical director.

In the early days, Bell 212 air-sea rescue helicopters were deployed as the shipboard helicopters. Then, with the aging of the Bell 212, they were superseded by the Sikorsky S-76C/D by 2016.

In service 
These ships are operated as command ships of each Regional Coast Guard Headquarters flotilla or task force, and conducting many search and rescue operations.

In the Incident of Suspicious Boats off the Coast of Noto Peninsula, Chikuzen acted as a forward operating base of the Special Security Team (SST). She also fired warning shots by her JM61-M.

With their high-endurance and aviation patrol capability, these ships also attend to overseas dispatch including counter-piracy operations in the Strait of Malacca.

18 January 2023 Echigo ran aground on, or struck a reef off Kashiwazaki, Niigata Prefecture, Honshu, in the Sea of Japan. later anchored.

Ships in the class

References

External links 
 

Patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard
Patrol ship classes
Jay Martin Tenenbaum. Jay Martin "Marty" Tenenbaum is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is noted for his early work in artificial intelligence and as an Internet commerce pioneer.

Biography
Tenenbaum attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering, graduating in 1964 and 1966 respectively. He then attended Stanford University for his PhD, working under Jerome A. Feldman. He worked at SRI International as a research scientist in artificial intelligence and ran the AI lab at Schlumberger Palo Alto Research from 1980 to 1988. After Schlumberger moved to Texas, Tenenbaum was unable to find another job as a research lab director and returned to Stanford. There, he worked with James D. Plummer on using the internet to coordinate large engineering projects. He left Stanford in 1990 and founded Enterprise Integration Technologies, which conducted the first commercial internet transaction, the first secure transaction, and the first online auction. He founded the global commerce consortium CommerceNet in 1994 and served as CEO until 1997. In 1997, he co-founded Veo Systems, a spin-off for-profit consulting firm from CommerceNet that pioneered the use of XML for automating business-to-business transactions, and joined Commerce One as Chief Scientist after it acquired Veo Systems in 1999. After leaving Commerce One in 2001, Tenenbaum was an officer and director of Webify Solutions (which was sold to IBM in 2006) and Medstory (which was sold to Microsoft in 2007). He also founded and served as chairman of CollabRx in 2008 and the non-profit network Cancer Commons in 2011.

In 1990, he was elected a fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.

Personal life
In 1995, Tenenbaum was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. He underwent a Phase III trial of Canvaxin and survived, although the drug ultimately failed clinical trial.

Tenenbaum's son, Joshua Tenenbaum, is a professor of cognitive science at MIT.

References

Living people
American computer scientists
Internet pioneers
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Stanford University alumni
SRI International people
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
American Internet company founders
American technology company founders
1945 births