omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
German Village (Dugway Proving Ground). German Village was the nickname for a range of mock houses constructed in 1943 by the U.S. Army in the Dugway Proving Ground in Utah, roughly  southwest of Salt Lake City, in order to conduct experiments used for the bombing of Nazi Germany.

History

Dugway was a high-security testing facility for chemical and biological weapons. The purpose of the replicas of German residential homes, which were repeatedly rebuilt after being intentionally burned down, was to perfect tactics in the fire bombing of German residential areas during World War II.

The U.S. Army employed German émigré architects such as Erich Mendelsohn to create copies as accurate as possible of the dwellings of densely populated poorer quarters of Berlin. The main goal was to find a tactic to achieve a fire storm in the city center.

The architects who worked on the German village and on the Japanese equivalent also included Konrad Wachsmann and Antonin Raymond.

The U.S. Army also hired Standard Oil Development Company to assist in the practical testing and construction.
Erich Mendelsohn and Konrad Wachsmann advised on construction techniques and materials.
Paul Zucker, Hans Knoll and George Hartmueller advised on designing authentic interior furnishings.

The village was authentic down to the smallest details, including authentic German heavy furnishings, clothes hanging in closets and children's toys.

Wood and paint, both for interior and exterior, was selected so it would be authentic both in the German and Japanese village; in the Japanese village there were chopsticks on the tables. The German village cost $575,000 to build.

It was found that it was easier to set fire to Japanese housing, but that German houses were more likely to have uncontrollable fires.

See also
 Japanese Village (Dugway Proving Ground)
 Bombing of Dresden
 Strategic bombing during World War II

References

Further reading
Mike Davis, "Berlin's Skeleton in Utah's Closet," in Dead Cities: And Other Tales (New York: The New Press, 2002; paperback 2003), 64-83;  or .

External links

 Aerial view of German and Japanese villages, May 27 1943
 Assault on German Village (Translation of article below)
 Angriff auf "German Village" Der Spiegel 11.10.1999
 "German Village" may soon crumble
 Historic Evaluation of German Village at U.S. Army Dugway Proving Grounds
 US Army Bases
 Dugway MIL site on the village (With images of the village)
 Goodbye to Berlin
 Background and drawings from the US government
 themilitarystandard

World War II strategic bombing of Germany
Firebombings
Aerial bombing
Aerial warfare strategy
Incendiary weapons
Military installations established in 1943
Buildings and structures in Tooele County, Utah
Weapons test sites
1943 establishments in Utah
Frank H. Shaw. Frank Harold Shaw (1882 – May 14, 1950) was an American civil engineer notable for designing bridges and water supply infrastructure in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Two water towers that he designed, affectionately named "George and Martha" by local residents, were landmarks on the Lancaster skyline until their demolition in 1996.

Projects
1916 Big Chickies Bridge
1916 Weaverland Bridge (Quarry Road Bridge)
1917 Bridge in West Earl Township (Big Conestoga Creek Bridge No. 12)
1925 
1932

References

External links

1882 births
1950 deaths
American civil engineers
American bridge engineers
People from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Engineers from Pennsylvania
20th-century American engineers
Fokker F.29. The Fokker F29 was a conceptual jet airliner design by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer, Fokker.

Development
By the late 1970s, Fokker had two ageing aircraft models in production and were looking for a new move in the market. Fokker recognized the huge size of the replacement market as thousands of Boeing 727s and 737s, Douglas DC-9s and BAC 1-11s would shortly be twenty years old.

Fokker proposed the F.29 airliner in 1979, a 138-seat aircraft. By that time, Fokker had already spent 150 million guilders in development costs. Its first flight was planned for late 1983, entry into service was planned for early 1985. The aircraft was initially priced at $17 million. A stretched version with a 160 to 180 seat capacity was projected for the second half of the 1980s.

Competition was formidable. Boeing launched the 737-300 and McDonnell-Douglas had already marketed a stretched and updated version of the DC-9, the DC-9 Super 80. Airbus was also considering their SA1, which would eventually become the A320.

Design
The overall layout of the aircraft took the stretched fuselage of the F.28, with an all-new supercritical wing and two wing-mounted turbofan engines. The tailsection was also a derivative of the F.28, with its high mounted elevators and characteristic airbrakes. Cabin layout however, was to be six abreast. Fokker openly admitted that the fuselage cross section was a copy of Boeing's fuselage from the 707/727/737.

Two types of engines were considered, the CFM International CFM56 and the proposed Rolls-Royce/JAEC RJ500.

Collaboration
Fokker positively searched for industrial partners, as this project was simply too big for them to handle on their own. Negotiations were held with Airbus, Boeing and the Japanese aircraft industry. The search failed as it quickly became apparent that Airbus had its own plans with the SA1 and Boeing was using all its resources on design and preproduction of the Boeing 757 and 767. Moreover, Boeing was revamping the 737 into the -300 series. The Japanese industry was more inclined towards cooperation with larger partners, like Airbus or Boeing.

Demise

Fokker found it difficult to attract industrial partners or to interest airlines into ordering the F.29. It eventually found a partner in McDonnell-Douglas. The American company already had plans to design a new model, the 180-seat DC-XX. Together the two parties came up with the MDF.100, a mix of the F.29 and the DC-XX.

Specifications (Fokker F29)

See also

References

Notes

F 29
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Twinjets
Low-wing aircraft
CVR College of Engineering. The CVR College of Engineering was established in 2000. It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and accredited by the National Board of Accreditation, India.

CVR College of Engineering was affiliated with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. The college is located in Mangalpally(V), Ibrahimpatnam(M), Ranga Reddy,  from the center of Hyderabad, India. The college is supported by the Cherabuddi Educational Society.

Academics
The college offers the following courses

Bachelor of Technology

M.Tech

Postgraduate

Rankings

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked it in the 151-200 band among engineering colleges in 2024.

Gallery

Infrastructure
 Spread over a built-up area of over 36000 square metres on a  campus, the college has 71 classrooms, 23 professors' rooms, 60 teachers' rooms, six air-conditioned conference rooms, 40 labs, and about 1280 computer systems, supported by UPS and continuous power back-up from generators.
 There are 1186 computers in the departments.
 The college has an ELCS (English Learning and Communication Skills) lab.
 There is a three-story building for the exclusive use of library and postgraduate research facilities. The CVR library has 35,000 books and 280+ journals (including IEEE Journals).
 The auditorium, seating 1500 people, is used for workshops, conferences and seminars organized by the college and is fully air-conditioned.
 A fleet of around 57 buses serve the college from all parts of the city.
 The canteen provides food to students and staff.

Activities
CVR College of Engineering organizes an annual technical festival, Ciencia.

CVR College of Engineering organizes state level inter college annual sports meet, ENGINEERING PREMIER LEAGUE -EPL(started in 2017).

Notable alumni

 Raghuram, Telugu film singer and music composer
 Sankalp Reddy, director of The Ghazi Attack, Antariksham 9000 KMPH
 Roll Rida, rapper, contestant of Bigg Boss Telugu 2
 Prasanth Varma, director of Awe, Kalki, Zombie Reddy and Hanu-Man

See also 
Education in India
Literacy in India
List of institutions of higher education in Telangana

References

External links

 

Engineering colleges in Hyderabad, India
All India Council for Technical Education
2000 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Johann Bauschinger. Johann Bauschinger (11 June 1834, in Nuremberg – 25 November 1893, in Munich) was a mathematician, builder, and professor of Engineering Mechanics at Munich Polytechnic, from 1868 until his death. The Bauschinger effect in materials science is named after him. He was also the father of astronomer Julius Bauschinger (1860–1934).

References
.

External links 

1834 births
1893 deaths
Scientists from Nuremberg
19th-century German mathematicians
Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
Mathematicians from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Mathematicians from the German Empire
William Kirtley (railway engineer). William Kirtley (1840 – 7 October 1919) was an English railway engineer, and was the Locomotive Superintendent of the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) in England from 1874 until the merger to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway at the end of 1898.

Biography
William was born in  Warrington in 1840, the son of the locomotive engineer Thomas Kirtley (1810–1847). He was educated by his uncle Matthew Kirtley, Locomotive Superintendent of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway and later of the Midland Railway, following his father's premature death. He served as a pupil at Derby Works from 1854–1860, and from 1861 to 1864 he was Running foreman for the Midland Railway for the London District. In 1864 he was appointed  superintendent of Derby Works. In 1874 he was appointed Carriage and Wagon Superintendent on the LCDR following the death of William Martley, and served until the merger to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway at the end of 1898, when he retired. He also served as consultant to the Hull and Barnsley Railway between 1883 and 1885, prior to the opening of the line.

London Chatham & Dover Railway Career
During his period at the LCDR Kirtley extended Longhedge Railway Works (Battersea) and once again used it for new locomotive construction. He also introduced a new livery, numbering scheme and locomotive classification scheme to the railway. The railway under Kirtley was also one of the pioneers in using continuous braking by means of Westinghouse air brakes.

Locomotives
According to D.L. Bradley, Kirtley's locomotives were "well designed, robustly constructed, easily maintained, and capable of high mileages between general repairs. For the period their coal, water and old consumption was moderate while all performed their daily tasks well." His classes included 0-4-4 suburban tanks of the A, A1, A2, R,  and R1 classes; Six coupled goods classes B, B1, and B2 classes; six coupled tanks of the T class; and 4-4-0 express passenger locomotives of the M, M1, M2 and M3 classes.

Whilst working as a consultant for the Hull and Barnsley Railway he also designed twelve six coupled tank locomotives and twenty tender locomotives to similar designs and ten 2-4-0s.

References

External links
 Biographical notes

1840 births
1919 deaths
English mechanical engineers
Locomotive builders and designers
English railway mechanical engineers
People from Warrington
South Eastern and Chatham Railway people
Bombardier Invitation. The Bombardier Invitation is a Canadian sailing dinghy that was designed by Bombardier Research to compete in the same market with the Laser, as a one-design racer. It was first built in 1973.

The design was developed into the Bombardier 3.8 in 1974.

Production
The design was built by Bombardier Limited in Canada starting in 1973, but it is now out of production.

Bombardier Limited applied for a trademark of the Invitation name, for "boats and parts", on 7 December 1973. The trademark was granted on 15 November 1974, but expired on 12 January 1990 and was not renewed.

Design
The Invitation is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fibreglass, with wood trim. It has a catboat rig with aluminum spars and a loose-footed mainsail. The hull has built-in foam for buoyancy. The sail is without sail battens, is installed over the two-piece mast with a sewn-in sleeve and can be wrapped around the mast. The hull has an enclosed foredeck, a spooned raked stem, a vertical transom, a wooden, kick-up, transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller with a hiking stick and a retractable wooden daggerboard. The hull alone displaces .

The boat has a draft of  with the daggerboard extended. Retracting the daggerboard allows beaching or ground transportation on a trailer or car roof rack.

For sailing the design is equipped with hiking straps, an adjustable outhaul, a boom vang and a vacuum bailer.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 99.3 and is normally raced with a crew of one or two sailors.

Operational history
In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood described the Invitation as, "a boat designed for ease in cartopping, with two-piece mast and overhanging two-inch gunwale to assist lifting ... [the] Invitation is a one-design with rigid class rules."

See also
List of sailing boat types

Related development
Bombardier 3.8

Similar sailboats
Laser (dinghy)

References

External links

Bombardier Invitation photos

Dinghies
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailboat type designs by Bombardier Research
Sailboat types built by Bombardier Limited
EcoSCART. EcoSCART is a technology available for audio-video equipment which is connected to a television set by an SCART cable.

A device that embeds the ecoSCART function goes to standby or wakes up automatically, per the status of the TV. The first device in which ecoSCART was implemented was the zapbox EH-M2 digital TV converter box.

EcoSCART's saves energy by preventing a television from operating while turned off; and to lessen its use by automatically putting the TV in external mode.

External links
 EH-M2 Metronic
 For more details about the registration of the brandname and logo, search "ecoscart" in the INPI page here  which is the official body that regulates the intellectual property in France.

Film and video technology
Hirai Seijirō. was a Japanese railroad engineer.

Biography
Hirai was born in Kanazawa, Japan. He was chosen by Japan to be one of the first to study abroad and he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He received his M.S. in civil engineering in 1878. He worked for the U.S. government before becoming a railway engineer in the Colonization Bureau for Hokkaidō in 1881. In 1882 he was appointed chief of the railway for the Mining and Railway Bureau for Hokkaidō. He later became the chief engineer of the Osaka Railway Company.

He eventually joined the government of Japan, where he was advanced to the position of president of the Imperial Government Railways in 1904. When the railway became presided by a cabinet minister (Gotō Shinpei being the first minister) in 1908, he was appointed the vice president.

On December 23, 1908, he became a member of the House of Peers as nominated by Emperor Meiji. He was in the office until his death.

In 1913 he was dispatched to China and served as an adviser to the Chinese government until he returned to Japan in 1925.

There is a dormitory named after him at Rensselaer.

References

Japanese civil engineers
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
1856 births
1926 deaths
SMART Team. SMART (Students Modeling A Research Topic) Team  is a science outreach program that allows high school students to work with a researcher to learn about a specific protein and construct a three-dimensional model of that protein. This program started at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and has partnered with researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Rutgers University and others.

External links
 SMART Team

References

Education in Milwaukee
Crane Building (Des Moines, Iowa). The Crane Building, also known as C.E. Erickson Co., in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Crane Company was a plumbing and heating supplier and manufacturer that had this six-story manufacturing facility built in 1916.  It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Sawyer and Watrous.  It is a utilitarian structure that is significant for its "thoughtful design" that utilizes elements of the Chicago School and a refined style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. In 2013, the vacant building was renovated into 36 lofts targeted at artisans and costing 8 million dollars.

References

Commercial buildings completed in 1916
Buildings and structures in Des Moines, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Chicago school architecture in Iowa
Mordant (disambiguation). A mordant is a substance used to bond dyes on to a material.

Mordant also may refer to:

Substances
 Mordant, mixed acid compounds used in metalworking processes, especially etching
 Mordant, a type of sizing, a substance used for oil-based surface preparation for gilding

Fictional entities
 Mordant, a fictional setting of novel series Mordant's Need 
 Mordant, a fictional character from Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995)

See also
 Mordaunt (disambiguation)
 Mordent
Victory (pinball). Victory is a John Trudeau designed 1987 solid state pinball machine by Premier and licensed under Gottlieb.

Description
It was the first pinball machine to use a completely screened photo-realistic Vitrigraph. Other games had the silk screen on the wood. The table sold 3,100 units. The game was designed by John Trudeau, the artwork was by Constanitino Mitchell and sound by Dave Zabriskie.

Gameplay
Victory is a driving themed game. The goal is to get the ball into all seven targets (or as the game refers to them as checkpoints) and to then finish the race by making the ball go through the checkered spinner.

Design team
 Concept: Ed Krynski
 Game Design: John Trudeau
 Mechanics: John Borg
 Artwork: Constantino Mitchell, Jeanine Mitchell
 Animation: Ed Krynski, Mark West
 Sound: Dave Zabriskie

Digital version
Victory is a playable table in Pinball Hall of Fame: The Gottlieb Collection as well as The Pinball Arcade on multiple platforms as a licensed table.

References

External links
 IPDB Listing for Victory

1987 pinball machines
Gottlieb pinball machines
Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge. The Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge was established in 1994, and has grown to over . Like pearls on a string, these acres are spread out as individual units along the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis. These pearls of habitat benefit floodplain-dependent fish and wildlife species. The Big Muddy Refuge is planning to grow to  by buying land from willing sellers who want to see their properties set aside for the benefit of wildlife and the enjoyment of all.

The pre-development Missouri River as documented by Lewis and Clark was considerably different from today's river. The historic Missouri was a broad, slow-moving, shallow river with braided channels. These past river conditions created a haven for wildlife, which included vast floodplain forests of giant trees, marshes, and even wet prairies. Today's river is channelized. It is deeper and faster, and controlled by levees, dikes, and other containment structures. These controls make the river more navigable and the surrounding floodplain ideal for agriculture.

The Big Muddy Refuge is allowing the Missouri River to be a river again, to enter its floodplain. This occurs during minor flood events. Management has created side channels, cut down levees, and allowed the floodplain vegetation to return. Currently, in many places the refuge is an impenetrable thicket of young trees and vegetation, but, as the trees grow and the refuge matures, its appearance will change. The process may take decades or even centuries.

References
Refuge website

Protected areas of Callaway County, Missouri
Protected areas of Cooper County, Missouri
Protected areas of Howard County, Missouri
Protected areas of Lafayette County, Missouri
Missouri River
Wetlands of Missouri
National Wildlife Refuges in Missouri
Protected areas established in 1994
Protected areas of Ray County, Missouri
Protected areas of St. Louis County, Missouri
Protected areas of Saline County, Missouri
Floodplains of the United States
Landforms of Callaway County, Missouri
Landforms of Cooper County, Missouri
Landforms of Howard County, Missouri
Landforms of Lafayette County, Missouri
Landforms of Ray County, Missouri
Landforms of St. Louis County, Missouri
Landforms of Saline County, Missouri
1994 establishments in Missouri
Doron Swade. Doron Swade MBE, born 1944, is a museum curator and author, specialising in the history of computing. He is especially known for his work on the computer pioneer Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine.

Life
Swade was originally from South Africa. He has studied electronics engineering, history, machine intelligence, philosophy of science and physics at a number of universities including the University of Cape Town, University of Cambridge, and University College London (UCL). He holds a BSc in physics and electronics engineering, an MSc in control engineering, and a PhD in the history of computing from UCL.

He has been a curator at the Science Museum in London, England, and the Computer History Museum in Silicon Valley, California, United States. At the Science Museum, he curated the computing and electronics collections and rose to be Assistant Director and Head of Collections. His major project at the museum was to organise the construction of Charles Babbage's Difference Engine, in collaboration with Dr Allan Bromley who studied Babbage's original drawings at the Science Museum.

In 1989, Swade was a co-founder of the Computer Conservation Society, a specialist group of the British Computer Society (BCS), with regular meetings at the Science Museum. He is a Fellow of the BCS and a Chartered Engineer.

Swade is a visiting professor in the history of computing at the University of Portsmouth, UK. He is also an honorary research fellow in computer science at Royal Holloway, University of London.

He appeared in the In Our Time program on Ada Lovelace, a collaborator with Charles Babbage, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2008.

Swade was awarded an MBE for services to the   history of computing in the UK New Year Honours 2009 list.

Since 2010, Swade has been involved with the Plan 28 project to understand whether Babbage's Analytical Engine was a feasible computer based on Babbage's work, and to build a simulation.

Bibliography
Swade has written the following books:

 The Dream Machine: Exploring the Computer Age, 1991. BBC Books, 1993. With Jon Palfreman. .
 Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines, Science Museum, London, 1998. .
 The Cogwheel Brain, Abacus, 2001. .
 The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer, Penguin Putnam, 2001. . Penguin Books, 2002. .
 The History of Computing: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2022. .

References

External links
 Charles Babbage Expert Doron Swade on Simplicity, YouTube
 Authors@Google: Doron Swade, YouTube

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
University of Cape Town alumni
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Portsmouth
Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London
People associated with the Science Museum, London
British curators
American curators
Historians of science
Historians of technology
20th-century South African historians
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Members of the Order of the British Empire
21st-century English historians