omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Kress Drachenflieger. 

The Kress Drachenflieger (German: "Dragon-flier") was an experimental aircraft constructed in Austria-Hungary in 1901. While taxiing trials proved successful, the aircraft lacked sufficient power to fly, and was wrecked in the course of testing on 3 October.

It was built by Wilhelm Kress with the assistance of a 5,000-krone grant from Emperor Franz Josef in an attempt to create the first heavier-than-air flying machine. The aircraft was constructed as a large, open-truss structure of steel tubing with three sets of wire-braced monoplane wings placed in tandem along its length. The sets of wings were placed at uneven heights with respect to the major axis of the aircraft to prevent aerodynamic interference between them. The undercarriage consisted of two aluminium pontoons with hardened keels, intended to allow the Drachenflieger to take off from and land on water or ice. Three rudders were linked to a common control stick and were to provide steering on water and in the air. Power was provided by a Daimler petrol engine driving two large screw-type two-bladed propellers, the first attempt to use an internal combustion engine to power a heavier-than-air aircraft. The fabric-covered propellers were mounted pusher-fashion on pylons above and on either side of the main truss, between the second and third sets of wings, and were designed to counter-rotate.

The engine would prove to be the aircraft's downfall. Kress had originally intended to have an engine specially built, calculating that he needed 37 kW from an engine weighing not more than 220 kg (475 lb). When the cost of this proved prohibitive, he purchased an automobile engine already in production which had an output of just 22 kW (30 hp) but weighing nearly twice as much as Kress' calculations allowed for. Initial trials on water as early as March 1901 confirmed that the poorer power-to-weight ratio would be a problem. Nevertheless, other elements of the design proved sound, and the Drachenflieger was successfully controlled while taxiing, even against a headwind.

Unable to afford to replace the engine, Kress continued taxiing trials. The last of these was on 3 October on the Wienerwaldsee reservoir at Tullnerbach, in which he was forced to swerve suddenly to avoid a groyne. As a result of the violent maneuver, the supports for one of the pontoons failed, causing the Drachenflieger to capsize and sink.

Specifications

Notes

References

 
 
 
 
 

1900s Austro-Hungarian experimental aircraft
Floatplanes
Tandem-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Unflown aircraft
SekChek Local. SekChek security audit and benchmarking toolset dating from 1996.

History
SekChek was formed by two former auditors from Deloitte and Touche in 1996.  The toolset was a set of automated processes to analyse the logical security profile of a computer. 

The concept and initial version of SekChek was brought to Deloitte South Africa by Gordon Docherty and Jose Masson, who collaborated on the product design and deliverables with Chris Little CISA, CISSP from Deloitte's Computer Assurance Services Division in Sandton, South Africa.  The first version analysed the control parameters for AS/400 systems.  While the concept was good, the main concerns at the time were that (a) the clients had to send their operating system security files off-premise to SekChek for processing, and (b) the generated reports highlighted every parameter that wasn't in line with SekChek's world view of best practice.  This led to reports of hundreds of pages being produced, with minimal prioritisation of the parameters to fix.  Over time, these reports became more concise and user-friendly.

On 20 March 2018 SekCheck's website gave notice operations would cease on 31 May 2018.  Reasons cited included SekCheks' business model being less relevant to the business environment in 2018, a surge in compliance and regulatory requirements including GDPR and monetary difficulties due to losses with the insolvency of a credit-card processor.

Products
The SekChek Classic product gathered information on a host which would then be sent encrypted to SekChek for report processing and enable checking security policies had been correctly configured.  This originally worked on AS/400 but the number of platforms were extended in the next two years to encompass ed to Windows, Netware and Unix.  Reports anonymously compared machines against the average from similar industry computers.  The company introduced the Local version of its product in 2008 which avoided the need send data off-site.  For windows there was a utility to specifically audit the Active Directory (AD) at domain level rather that at server level which was analyzed by the SAM tool.

Reception
The product was initially marketed as a security evaluator and was noted for providing comprehensive reports of the security vulnerability of a computer system.

References

External links
 SekChek Home Page

Computer security software
Information technology audit
Computer-aided audit tools
Data analysis software
Beneteau First Class 8. The First Class 8 (FC8) is a One-Design keelboat designed in 1982 by Group Finot and Jacques Fouroux to be constructed at Beneteau's shipyard.

It is one of Europe's most competitive sailing classes, with more than 1,000 units sold between 1982 and 1994.

Strongest fleets are located in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Germany, Norway and Portugal.

It is a long boat compared with its competitors such as the J/24 from America. It has straight lines for a boat of that age and has no reference to IOR hull shapes with huge beam, flared bows, and pinched sterns. The boat's lines lend themselves to a dinghy style planing hull, as opposed to digging a hole in the ocean which was a characteristic of the mid period IOR boats. The FC8 has a lot of wetted surface area which makes it slow in light air.

References

External links
 Club First 8  - Italian Association
 First Class 8 On Finot website (En)

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailboat types built by Beneteau
Sailboat type designs by Jacques Fauroux
Sailboat type designs by Groupe Finot
Coulombi egg tanker. The Coulombi egg tanker is a design that is aimed at reducing oil spills. It was approved by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as an alternative to the double hull concept.  The United States Coast Guard does not allow this design to enter US waters, effectively preventing it from being built.

Concept 
The design is an enhanced mid-deck tanker and consists of a series of centre and wing tanks that are divided by horizontal bulkheads. The upper wing tanks form ballast tanks and act as emergency receiver tanks for cargo should the lower tanks be fractured. The lower tanks are connected to these ballast tanks by non-return valves.

When a lower tank is damaged, the incoming sea water pushes the oil in the damaged tank up into the ballast tank. Because of the hydrostatic pressure, there is an automatic transfer out of the damaged tank.

Advantages 
The double-hull design is aimed at the probability of zero outflow.  In low energy collisions where only the outside hull is penetrated, this will be the case.  However, in high energy collisions both hulls are penetrated. As the tanks of a double hull tanker are larger than those of MARPOL tankers and pre-MARPOL tankers and the height of the cargo above the water line is higher, the resulting spill can be much larger than these single hull designs. In the Coulombi egg design spillage is greatly reduced, possibly to zero.

Where a double hull VLCC has a ballast tank coated area of about 225,000 m³, in a Coulombi egg tanker this area is reduced to 66,000 m³.  This reduces maintenance and corrosion risks, which otherwise may result in structural failure, as was the case with the Erika and Prestige.

References

Bibliography

External links

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Ship types
Ship design
Shipbuilding
California Artificial Stone Paving Co. v. Molitor. California Artificial Stone Paving Co. v. Molitor, 113 U.S. 609 (1885), involved a bill that was filed by the appellant against the appellee complaining that the latter was infringing on a letters patent granted to one John J. Schillinger, and which had been assigned for the State of California to the complainant.

The patent was for an improvement in concrete pavement was originally issued July 19, 1870, and reissued May 2, 1871. The improvement, as described in the reissued patent, consisted in laying the pavement in detached blocks separated from each other by strips of tar paper or other suitable material so as to prevent the blocks from adhering to each other. As stated in the specification:

The case of Wilson v. Barnum was especially worthy of note in this connection. The question certified in that case was whether, upon the evidence given, the defendant infringed the complainant's patent. Chief Justice Taney, delivering the opinion of the Court, said:

The case was dismissed, with directions to the circuit court to proceed therein according to law.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113

References

External links
 
 

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
1885 in United States case law
United States patent case law
Concrete
Farman F.31. The Farman F.31 was a French fighter prototype of the 1910s, the second foray into fighter design by Farman, a firm more usually associated with bombers. The project was short-lived, lasting only 3 months.

Development
The F.31 was a two-seat fighter, designed around the Liberty 12 engine. It was exceptionally angular, and equi-span with the fuselage mounted between its two bays.

Operational history
The sole prototype was completed and first flown in the summer of 1918. Testing was still ongoing in November 1918, when the Armistice ended the project and no further development continued.

Specifications

References

Bibliography

Further reading

1910s French fighter aircraft
F.0031
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Blackburne Thrush. The Blackburne Thrush was a 1,500 cc three-cylinder radial aero-engine for light aircraft produced by Burney and Blackburne Limited. Burney and Blackburne were based at Bookham, Surrey, England and was a former motorcycle manufacturer.

First produced in 1926 the engine was based on an earlier 1924 design with improvements to allow use on light aircraft.

Applications
 ANEC IV
 Blackburn Bluebird
 Clarke Cheetah
 Cranwell CLA.4
 Parnall Pixie
 Supermarine Sparrow
 Vickers Vagabond
 Westland Widgeon

Specifications (Thrush)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .

External links

 Flight, 7 January 1926 - The Blackburne "Thrush" Light 'plane engine

Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Blackburne aircraft engines
1920s aircraft piston engines
SAI KZ I. The SAI KZ I was a sport aircraft built in Denmark in 1937, the first aircraft built by the Kramme & Zeuthen firm.

Design and development
The KZ I was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design, with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and an open cockpit with a single seat. Construction throughout was of wood.

Only a single KZ I was constructed, and it disappeared during the course of World War II. During the 1970s, a flying replica was built, with work started by Gunnar Fjord Christensen in 1972 and sold to the Danmarks Flymuseum in 1977. The completed aircraft, powered by a more powerful but heavier ,  Volkswagen flat-four engine, flew for the first time on 20 November 1988 and in 2008 remains part of the museum's collection.

Specifications

References

Further reading

External links

 Уголок неба

Skandinavisk Aero Industri aircraft
1930s Danish sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Satellite-class sloop. The Satellite class was a class of 12-gun composite sloops built for the Royal Navy between 1883 and 1888, and reclassified as corvettes in 1884.

Construction

Design

Designed by Nathaniel Barnaby, the Royal Navy Director of Naval Construction, the hull was of composite construction; that is, iron keel, frames, stem and stern posts with wooden planking.  This class of composite sloops was unique in having an internal steel deck over the machinery and magazines for protection.  The Satellite class were reclassified as corvettes in 1884, and no more composite or wooden corvettes were built - in fact, Pylades was the last corvette built for the Royal Navy until the Second World War.

Propulsion

Propulsion was provided by a horizontal compound expansion of  driving a single screw.

Sail plan

All the ships of the class were built with a barque rig.

Armament

The class was designed with two 6-inch/100-pounder (81cwt) breech loaders and ten 5-inch/50-pounder (38cwt) breech loaders, plus a single light gun and four (or more) machine guns.  Heroine, Hyacinth and Royalist were built with eight 6-inch/100-pounder (81cwt) breech loaders in place of the 5-inch/6-inch mixture, and Satellite was converted to the same fit.

Ships

Operational lives

These ships were designed to patrol the far-flung reaches of Britain's maritime empire, and so Rapid and Royalist both went to the Australian Station, Satellite to the Pacific Station, Pylades to the North America and West Indies Station and Heroine, Caroline and Hyacinth all to the China Station.

References

 
Sloop classes
 
 Satellite
Avro 508. The Avro 508 was a prototype British reconnaissance aircraft of the 1910s.

Development

The Avro 508 was built at Avro's Manchester works in December 1913 and assembled at Brooklands in January 1914. First exhibited in Manchester in January 1914, the 508 was a wooden fabric-covered pusher biplane of unusual shape, resembling a back-to-front Avro 504. Its top and bottom three-bay wings were equal in length, made of fabric-covered wood.

Operational history
It was completed by March 1914, and shown at the Olympia Aero Show in London, however its first flight was at the start of official testing in April 1915 at Brooklands. The Royal Flying Corps showed no interest in the sole prototype and therefore the aircraft remained a training aircraft and engine tester at Hendon Aerodrome until it was dismantled in April 1916.

Specifications

References

 "The Olympia Exhibition: The Exhibits: Avro (A.V. Roe & Co.)". Flight, 21 March 1914. pp. 295–297.
Jackson, A.J. Avro Aircraft since 1908. London:Putnam, 1990. .

1910s British fighter aircraft
508
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1915
1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
SAI KZ II. The SAI KZ II was a sport aircraft built in Denmark in 1937, produced in three major versions before and after the Second World War.

Design and development
In its original form, designated the Kupé (Danish: "Coupé") it was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional design with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and two seats side by side under an enclosed canopy. The fuselage structure was of steel tube, skinned in plywood and fabric, and the wings were wooden with plywood covering and could be folded back along the fuselage for transport and storage.

This was followed by the aerobatic KZ II Sport with a revised fuselage design, placing the two seats in separate open cockpits in tandem, and a dedicated military trainer version along the same lines, the KZ II Træner ("Trainer"). This latter type was first produced in 1946, as a step towards rebuilding Denmark's air force after the war. They remained in service until 1955, when nine examples were sold into private hands.

In 2008, an example of each variant (including the sole extant KZ II Sport) is preserved in the Danmarks Flymuseum.

Variants
 KZ II Kupé - original version with side-by-side seating under an enclosed canopy and de Havilland Gipsy Minor or Cirrus Minor engine (14 built)
 KZ II Sport - aerobatic version with tandem seating in open cockpits and  Hirth 504A engine (16 built)
 KZ II Træner - military trainer version similar to KZ II Sport with de Havilland Gipsy Major engine (15 built)

Operators

 Danish Navy - ordered 4 × KZ II Sport, but these were confiscated by Germany before delivery
 Danish Air Force - 15 × KZ II Træner operated between 1946 and 1955

Specifications (KZ II Træner)

See also

References

 
 
 Danmarks Flymuseum page on the KZ II Kupé (in Danish)
 Danmarks Flymuseum page on the KZ II Sport (in Danish)
 Danmarks Flymuseum page on the KZ II Træner (in Danish)
 Уголок неба

Specific

Skandinavisk Aero Industri aircraft
1930s Danish sport aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Richard J. Grosh. Richard Joseph Grosh (born October 29, 1927) was the thirteenth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

He was born on October 29, 1927, in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He attended Purdue University, where he received  B.S., M.S. and P.h.D. degrees in mechanical engineering (in 1950, 1952 and 1953 respectively). In 1953, he was appointed assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue. In 1953, he was appointed professor of mechanical engineering and in 1961, he was appointed head of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue. In 1965, he was named associate dean of the Schools of Engineering. In 1967, he was appointed dean of the Schools of Engineering. In 1971, he was appointed president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 1976, he left Rensselaer to become CEO of Ranco Inc. of Columbus, Ohio and remained in that post until the company was acquired by Invensys in 1987.

In 1969, he was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for significant contributions to heat transfer research. In 1991, he received the Outstanding Mechanical Engineer Award from the Purdue University School of Mechanical Engineering. He served on the board of the Maine Maritime Academy from 1997 until 2012.

References

Presidents of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
1927 births
Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
Purdue University faculty
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Maine Maritime Academy people
Stanley I. Landgraf. Stanley I. Landgraf (July 29, 1925 – June 29, 1997) was a business executive and the acting president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from 1987 to 1988.

He was born on July 29, 1925, in Saugerties, New York. From 1943 to 1946, he served in the U.S. Navy as an officer on the destroyer USS Watts. He and his wife Barbara had three children; Curtis, Joseph and Sharon. He received bachelor's degrees in metallurgical engineering and management engineering from Rensselaer in 1946 and 1947 respectively. In 1947, he joined Mohawk Carpet Mills of Amsterdam, New York, which grew through mergers to become the Mohasco Corporation. In 1974, he was elected president of the company and in 1978, he was named chief executive officer. In 1980, he became chairman and in 1985 he retired from the company. From 1985 to 1995, he was president of the Capital Region Technology Development Council, which provided technology and managerial support to Albany-area startup companies and helped them meet investors. He also served as a director of several companies, including Albany International, Huffy Corporation and Victory Funds.

He was elected to the Rensselaer board of trustees in 1977. From 1987 to 1988, he was acting president of Rensselaer. He received the Distinguished Service Award from Rensselaer in 1988. He died on June 29, 1997. Since 1998, the computer science department at Rensselaer presents an annual award in his honor to "a computer science major who   excels in leadership skills and academic achievement."

References

Presidents of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
1925 births
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
1997 deaths
People from Saugerties, New York
Military personnel from New York (state)
20th-century American academics
SAI KZ IV. The SAI KZ IV was a light twin-engined aircraft first built in Denmark in 1944 for use as an air ambulance.

Design and construction
It was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with twin tails, mounted on the ends of the horizontal stabiliser. Power was provided by two engines mounted in nacelles on the wings that also housed the main units of the fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. The cabin could hold two stretchers, two medical attendants, and a flight crew of two.

Operational history

A single machine, registered OY-DIZ, was built during the war, with a second aircraft registered OY-DZU being built and flown in 1949. That same year, the OY-DIZ was christened with the name Folke Bernadotte in honour of the Swedish count who had used this very aircraft to make a diplomatic visit to Germany to negotiate for the release of Danish prisoners in German concentration camps near the end of the war. This aircraft is now the "flagship" of the Danmarks Flymuseum collection, having been restored to its original wartime configuration and markings following a career as a utility aircraft in England and a crash in 1979. The second aircraft was actively operational until the mid-1960s.

Specifications

References

 
 
 Danmarks Flymuseum page on the KZ IV (in Danish)
 Уголок неба

External links
 

1940s Danish civil utility aircraft
Skandinavisk Aero Industri aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
SAI KZ VII. The SAI KZ VII Lærke (Danish: "Lark") was a light utility aircraft built in Denmark shortly after the Second World War. Based on the SAI KZ III air ambulance, the KZ VII was a strut-braced, high-wing monoplane of conventional design with an enclosed cabin for four seats. Fifty-six aircraft were built, and another 22 partially completed aircraft were destroyed in a factory fire in 1947. The Danish Air Force operated 10 of the type as trainers between 1950 and 1977.

Operators

Royal Danish Air Force

OLT Express Germany

Specifications

References

Further reading

External links

 Danmarks Flymuseum page on the KZ VII (in Danish)
 Уголок неба

1940s Danish civil utility aircraft
Skandinavisk Aero Industri aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1946