omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Jean Jadot (banker). Jean Jadot (1862–1932) was a Belgian railway engineer who became a leading banker in the early 20th century.

Early years (1862–1898)

Jean Jadot was born in Belgium in 1862.
His younger brothers, who also became engineers, were Jules and Lambert Jadot (1875–1967).
He graduated from the University of Louvain and worked in Belgium and Luxembourg for several years.
In 1894 Jadot went to Egypt, where he developed the tram system in Cairo.
He was promoted to director of the Lower Egypt Railroad Company.

China (1898–1905)

In 1898 Jadot moved to China to work for the Société d’Etude de Chemins de Fer en Chine as works director for construction of the Beijing–Hankou railway.
Starting in March 1899, the work progressed from both ends.
By the end of 1899 in the south the embankments had been completed along a  stretch and  of track had been laid down.
In the north there were  of embankments and  of track.
The Boxer Rebellion halted construction for several months in 1900.
All the railway officials were given arms to protect themselves. 

In January 1902 the Imperial Court travelled along a completed section of the line on their way back to Beijing.
In June 1905 the  bridge over the Yellow River was open to traffic.
The  line with 125 stations was opened on 14 November 1905.
It was recognized as a major (and profitable) achievement, and Jadot gained great credit. 

The Société Générale de Belgique took advantage of the railway project to open the Banque Sino Belge in 1902.
Jadot did not agree with the ambition of King Leopold II of Belgium to gain territory, which was anyway not practical due to the increase in Chinese nationalism after the suppression of the rebellion.
Jadot felt that Belgium was successfully promoting its industry without imperial possessions.
He said, “For my part, I still believe that the Belgian concession has so far only been inconvenient for Belgian interests and that in the future it will be of no use".

Later career (1906–1932)

On his return to Belgium in 1906 Jadot was appointed director in charge of industry development at the Société Générale de Belgique.
Under his direction the Société Générale participated in setting up three mining-related companies in the Congo Free State: the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga (UMHK), the Société Internationale Forestière et Minière du Congo (Forminière) and the Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga (BCK).
The BCK was founded on 31 October 1906 by the Comité Spécial du Katanga, the Congo Free State and the Société Générale de Belgique to build a rail link from Bukama in Katanga to Port Franqui on the Kasai River, from where mining products could be shipped down to Léopoldville.
Jadot was made managing director of the BCK.
He was assigned by Leopold II to several other projects in the Belgian Congo.

In 1913 Jadot was appointed governor of the Société Générale de Belgique.
Under him the bank entered into new fields of financing, including electricity generation, pharmaceuticals and non-ferrous metals refining.
Jadot died in 1932.

Notes

Sources

1862 births
1932 deaths
19th-century Belgian engineers
Belgian bankers
Belgian expatriates in China
David Weininger. David Weininger (August 5, 1952 – November 2, 2016) was an American cheminformatician and entrepreneur. He was most notable for inventing the chemical line notations for structures (SMILES), substructures (SMARTS) and reactions (SMIRKS). He also founded Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc.

Education and career 
Weininger studied at University of Rochester, first at the Eastman School of Music, then switched to chemistry. After graduation, he worked for General Electric in Canada, where he worked on water management. He then attended University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he graduated with a PhD in environmental engineering in 1978. His PhD project involves the study of Polychlorinated biphenyls in Lake Michigan at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He developed a computational model using data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) using computer graphics algorithms, by then still a nascent field.

Upon graduation, he was hired by the EPA directly in its National Water Quality Laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota to develop similar models for other chemicals. During this period, Weininger started working with chemical databases which include structure-activity relationships. Weininger realized the difficulty to balance the IUPAC nomenclature for chemicals, used by human, and the Wiswesser line notation which was more efficient for computer processing. Weininger developed Simplified molecular-input line-entry system, or SMILES, such that it's easy for both humans and computers to understand.

Weininger moved to Pomona College in Claremont, California, working with Corwin Hansch and Albert Leo to work on the prediction of octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) for molecules, which resulted in the software, cLogP, in 1983. The first publication on SMILES came out in 1988, while Weininger was affiliated with Pomona College.

In 1987, Weininger founded Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc. along with his brother Arthur Weininger and the business associate Yosi Taitz.

Personal life 
Weininger was born in Brooklyn, New York to Joseph and Marion Weininger as the eldest of three children, along with Arthur and Johanan. His father Joseph was from Austria and worked as a chemist in General Electric.

Works mentioning Weininger 
The Info Mesa: Science, Business, and New Age Alchemy on the Santa Fe Plateau by Ed Regis (author) was published in 2003, featuring Weininger and other leaders of informatics in the Santa Fe area.

See also 
 Corwin Hansch
  Anthony Nicholls

References

External links
 Tribute to David Weininger, Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design volume 32, pages 313–319 (2018)

1952 births
2016 deaths
Computational chemists
University of Rochester alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Scientists from Brooklyn
Pomona College faculty
ETAP 23i. The ETAP 23i is a Belgian trailerable sailboat that was designed by Jacques de Ridder as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

The ETAP 23i is a development of the ETAP 23. The design was developed into the ETAP 23iL in 1996.

Production
The design was built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium between 1982 and 1994, with 700 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The ETAP 23i is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a lifting keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the lifting keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing ground transportation on a trailer.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a spinnaker.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Video tour of the ETAP 23i

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Jacques De Ridder
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting
ETAP 26. The ETAP 26 is a Belgian trailerable sailboat that was designed by E. G. van de Stadt as a cruiser and first built in 1982.

Production
The design was built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium between 1982 and 1989, with 500 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The ETAP 26 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a lifting keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the lifting keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing ground transportation on a trailer.

The boat is fitted with an inboard engine with a saildrive for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds .

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and two straight settee quarter berths in the main cabin with a drop-leaf table that allows one to be converted to a double berth. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, an icebox and a sink. A navigation station is amidships, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a spinnaker.

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

A 2009 review in Yachting Monthly stated, "the largest of the lifting-keel Etaps, launched in 1981, the 26 manages a proper heads compartment amidships and an inboard engine powering a saildrive. She is designed to right herself with the keel fully up, but many owners tend to sail with it permanently down, because the mechanism for lifting this large chunk of ballast manually requires a good 15 minutes of winch-grinding at the foot of the mast. Some 26s have an electric servo motor to relieve this burden. The deck-stepped 7/8 fractional rig has sweptback spreaders and an adjustable backstay. All sail controls are led back to the cockpit. She is fast and commendably stiff under sail, and goes well to windward with a tacking angle of 75-80°, but needs to be sailed fairly flat to avoid weather helm. She has an unusual cabin layout, dictated  by the large lifting keel. The chart table is at the forward end of the saloon and the navigator is obliged to work sitting sideways-on. She has four sea-going berths, or potentially five at anchor: two straight settees in the saloon, one of which converts to a double, and a vee-berth in the forepeak."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of an ETAP 26

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by E. G. van de Stadt
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting
Xie Yuyuan. Xie Yuyuan (; April 19, 1924 – March 27, 2021) was a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Biography
Xie was born in Beijing, on April 19, 1924, while his ancestral home was in Suzhou, Jiangsu. In his early years, he studied in the Department of Chemical Engineering of Soochow University. In 1941, when the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the , his father ordered him to drop out of school and stay at home. After the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, he was admitted to the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University. After graduating in 1949, he taught at the university. In 1951, he was dispatched to the Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1956. In 1957, he was sent abroad to study at Russian Academy of Sciences at the expense of the government. He returned to China in September 1993 and continued to work at the Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry. On March 27, 2021, he died in Shanghai, aged 96.

References

1924 births
2021 deaths
Scientists from Beijing
Soochow University (Suzhou) alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Academic staff of Tsinghua University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Latifa Al-Abdulkarim. Latifa Mohammed Al-Abdulkarim () is a Saudi Arabian computer scientist and professor working on AI ethics, legal technology, and explainable AI. She is currently an assistant professor of computer science at King Saud University and visiting researcher in artificial intelligence and law at the University of Liverpool. Al-Abdulkarim has been recognized by Forbes as one of the “women defining the 21st century AI movement” and was selected as one of the 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics in 2020.

Education 
Al-Abdulkarim earned a PGD in Computer Software Engineering in 2009, a Master of Science in Computer Science in 2011, and a Ph.D. in Computer Science in 2017 all from the University of Liverpool.

Career and research 
Al-Abdulkarim is currently an assistant professor of computer science at King Saud University while also a visiting researcher in AI and law at the University of Liverpool. She researches and studies the application of AI to legal domains, explainable and trustworthy AI, and ethical dimensions of AI.

In 2016 she, Katie Atkinson, and Trevor Bench-Capon published a methodology analyzing legal cases to predict case opinions in the US Supreme Court known as ANGELIC. Abbreviated for "ADF for kNowledGe Encapsulation of Legal Information from Cases", ANGELIC was able to produce programs that decided cases with a high degree of accuracy in multiple domains. She soon worked in collaboration with Thomson Reuters and Weightmans to apply ANGELIC to different legal case domains in the UK. For her research she was awarded the Best Doctoral Consortium at the 26th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems.

In addition to her research and teaching, Al-Abdulkarim is a member of the Shura Council has also advised and led the national strategic direction for AI and AI governance for Saudi Arabia's government. She has contributed to G20 AI policy and advised different international organizations including the OECD and ITU. Al-Abdulkarim is also a member in the UNESCO expert group for AI ethics. She serves on the Global Future Council on Artificial Intelligence for Humanity in the World Economic Forum focusing on technically oriented solutions for issues of AI fairness.

References 

Living people
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Academic staff of King Saud University
21st-century Saudi Arabian scientists
Saudi Arabian educators
Women computer scientists
Artificial intelligence ethicists
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Saudi Arabian women scientists
Katie Atkinson. Katie Marie Atkinson is a professor of computer science and the Dean of the School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Liverpool. She works on researching and building artificial intelligence tools to help judges and lawyers. Atkinson previously served as the President of the International Association for AI and Law.

Education and early life 
Atkinson received a Bachelor of Science and Ph.D. in Computer Information Systems, both from the University of Liverpool.

Career and research 
Atkinson joined the faculty at the University of Liverpool after completing her Ph.D. in 2005. She studies computational models of argument, focusing on argumentation in practical reasoning and how it can be applied in legal domains. She has published over one hundred articles in peer-reviewed conferences and journals, especially within the fields of AI and law.

Her recent projects have concerned the development of legal reasoning AI technologies for the UK law firm Weightmans, for which she and Trevor Bench-Capon won the Best Use of Technology award at the 2019 Modern Law Awards, and the development of tools to support e-democracy and legal knowledge-based systems. An AI algorithm she developed to judge legal cases had a 96% success rate in judging 32 cases. She said that the technique could become a useful decision support tool to help make judges reasoning “faster, more efficient and consistent”.

Atkinson was Program Chair of the fifteenth edition of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. From 2014 to 2015 she served as the Vice President of the International Association for Artificial Intelligence and Law, before becoming president in 2016–17.

In 2019, Atkinson was named one of ten members of an expert advisory group to advise the senior judges of England and Wales on developments in AI. The advisory group consisted of prominent legal technology experts and judges, including Richard Susskind, Sir Geoffrey Vos, and Kay Firth-Butterfield.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Academics of the University of Liverpool
British women computer scientists
ETAP 38i. The ETAP 38i is a Belgian sailboat that was designed by Mortain & Mavrikios as a cruiser and first built in 1989.

Production
The design was built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium between 1989 and 1997, with 95 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The ETAP 38i is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom with steps, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed wing keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard wing keel.

The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo 2003T diesel engine of  for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, an L-shaped settee and a straight settee in the main cabin and an aft cabin with a double berth on the port side, around a drop-leaf table. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a three-burner stove and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located opposite the galley on the starboard side.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a spinnaker.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

A 2009 Yachting Monthly review wrote, "the company's flush deck designs work better on larger hulls and this was the largest of its type. She is a striking, sea-kindly Harlé Mortain creation with a robust masthead rig and fully battened mainsail. She performs and handles well on all points of sail, though the low boom can be a hazard. The accommodation is dramatically styled with contrasting light-and-dark stained veneers. Critics would say it is too obviously prefabricated, but supporters call it modern and liken the styling to Ikea. Under the bright wheelhouse, the galley is on one side, the chart table on the other and in the middle is an island unit which contains the sinks and stowage. You drop down a step to the saloon, where you run out of headroom going forward. She has a large heads aft and six berths in three cabins, including a spacious double berth in the aft cabin, a smaller double in the forepeak and two sea-berths in the saloon."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Photo of an ETAP 38i
Photo of an ETAP 38i

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Mortain & Mavrikios
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting
ETAP 35i. The ETAP 35i is a Belgian sailboat that was designed as a cruiser and first built in 1992.

Production
The design was built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium starting in 1992, but it is now out of production.

Design
The ETAP 35i is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It is made from a polyester glassfibre foam sandwich that makes the boat unsinkable. It has a fractional sloop masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom with boarding steps, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with a Swedish Volvo Penta diesel engine of  for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for six people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, two straight settees in the main cabin and a small aft cabin with a double berth on the port side. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a three-burner stove and a double sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. The head is located just aft of navigation station on the starboard side and includes a shower. The bow cabin also has a sink.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a spinnaker.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

In a 2010 review in Yachting Monthly Dick Durham wrote, "An excellent cruising boat – fast, seaworthy, thoughtfully designed and very reasonably priced considering the high quality of build. Etaps also tend to hold their value well on the second-hand market. The unsinkability factor and double-skin construction is a reassuring bonus, offering soundproofing, thermal insulation and eradicating condensation. One fly in the ointment is the optimistic addition of the aft ‘cabin’. I believe that very few yachts under 40 ft LOA should have one, and on this boat it's no more than a giant locker."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Video: sailing an ETAP 35i
Photo of an ETAP 35i
Photo of an ETAP 35i

Keelboats
1980s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting
ETAP 21i. The ETAP 21i is a Belgian trailerable sailboat that was designed by Mortain & Mavrikios as a cruiser and first built in 1997.

The ETAP 21i design was developed into the ETAP 22s after 2009, a design using the same hull, but it was not known if any had been produced by 2021.

Production
The ETAP 21i was built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium between 1997 and 2009, with 549 boats completed, but it is now out of production.

Design
The design is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a fractional sloop rig; a plumb stem; a vertical transom; twin transom-hung rudders controlled by a tiller and two fixed, shallow draft, tandem keels.

The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

Variants
ETAP 21i
This model was and produced from 1997 to 2009. It has a length overall of , a waterline length of , displaces , carries  of ballast and has a draft of  with the standard twin tandem keels. It displaces , carries  of ballast and has a draft of  with the optional fin keel.
ETAP 22s
This model was introduced after 2009 and uses the same hull as the 21i. It has a length overall of , a waterline length of , displaces , carries  of ballast and has a draft of  with the standard dual tandem keels. It displaces , carries  of ballast and has a draft of  with the optional fin keel.

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

In a 2003 review in Yacht and Boat magazine, Barry Tranter wrote, "as the wind builds she heels initially, then the cast-iron bulb keel stiffens her up. And just when you think you may need to reach for the traveller to ease a bit of pressure you realise that the leeward rudder is biting deep into the water and keeps the boat tracking straight. This is the most memorable aspect of the Etap's behaviour; because the rudders are inclined to the vertical at rest (i.e. their lower tips are canted outwards) the leeward rudder is more or less vertical as the boat heels and it is also pushed deeper into the water as the leeward bilge submerges (and the windward rudder lifts clear.) As a result directional stability is exceptional, vital on short, light hulls, which can get out of sorts when tiller, mainsheet and the skipper's brain get out of phase with sharp gusts and lulls. Handling the Etap is simple ... This is a delightful and refreshing boat to sail..."

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links
Video tour of an ETAP 21i

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Mortain & Mavrikios
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting