omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Graham Farquharson. Graham Farquharson  (1940–2022) was a Canadian mining engineer and executive who was inducted into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame in 2011 and the Order of Canada in 2021. He is known for his work in the development of underground mining methods.

Career 
Farquharson began his career as a mining engineer, gaining experience in underground mines in Canada and South Africa. He later joined Inco Limited (now Vale), where he held various roles, including Vice President of Underground Mining. In this capacity, he oversaw the design and construction of several underground mines. Farquharson is credited with implementing Inco's "room-and-pillar" mining technique, which enhanced the efficiency and safety of underground operations. During his tenure, Inco's Copper Cliff Deep Mine emerged as one of the more productive underground mines in the worlds.

Farquharson was a director of the Mining Industry Human Resources Council. He was inducted into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame in 2010 in recognition of his contributions to the mining industry.

Philanthropy 
In addition to his accomplishments in the mining industry, Graham Farquharson is also known for his philanthropy. He was actively involved in supporting education and community development and donated significant time and resources to a variety of charitable causes.

One of Farquharson's major philanthropic efforts was his support of education. He was involved with a number of educational institutions and served on the boards of several universities and colleges. He was also a major donor to educational institutions and scholarship funds, with a particular focus on supporting students pursuing careers in the mining industry.

Farquharson was also actively involved in supporting community development, particularly in Northern Ontario. He was a strong advocate for the development of sustainable communities in the region and provided financial support and leadership to a number of community development projects.

His contributions to community development have also been recognized by various organizations. He received the Paul Harris Fellow Award from Rotary International in recognition of his philanthropic efforts. He has also been honored by the Ontario government with a prestigious Northern Ontario Heritage Award for his contributions to economic development in the region.

Farquharson's philanthropic work shows a deep understanding of the importance of education and the role it plays in the sustainable development of communities. His contributions have had a positive impact on education and community development in Canada and his legacy continues to be felt through the work of the organizations and initiatives he supported.

References 

1940 births
2022 deaths
Members of the Order of Canada
Mining engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
Engineers from Ontario
Canadian mining businesspeople
Islamabad Carriage Factory. Islamabad Carriage Factory (Urdu: اسلام آباد کیریج فیکٹری, ) or ICF is a state-owned manufacturer of locomotives for Pakistan Railways, located in Sector I-11, Islamabad, Pakistan. It is the biggest entity managed by the Ministry of Railways of the Pakistani government. Islamabad Carriage Factory was established in 1970. It can produce 120 new passenger coaches annually and coaches created here are capable of 140 km/h speeds.

The factory occupies 58 acres in total, omitting the colony area of 83 acres, covered areas of 133.625 acres and 140.375 acres covered area. The factory had manufactured 2,011 new passengers coaches from 1971 to 2015 , overhauled and up-graded 1,938 passengers coaches from 1991 to 2020 and manufactured 162 other railway related stock from 1996 to 2017.

History 
The company was established in 1970, in collaboration with Alstom, previously known as Link Hofman Bush. Its purpose is to produce domestically produced electric and diesel locomotives, reducing Pakistan Railways' reliance on imported machinery. Under the transfer of technology from Linke Haofmann Busch, passenger coaches of German design were initially produced. 

As technology was changing at a rapid pace, the Carriage Factory entered into an agreement with Changchun Car Company to manufacture newly designed Chinese passenger coaches. These coaches include upgraded technology, including air spring bogies, electrical hot axle detection, riding index, durability, comfort, and a top speed of 160 km/h.

See also 

 Pakistan Railwways
 Pakistan Locomotive Factory

 Moghalpura Railway Workshops

References 

Locomotive manufacturers of Pakistan
Rolling stock manufacturers of Pakistan
Government-owned companies of Pakistan
 Pakistan Railways
Intertec Data Systems. Intertec Data Systems Corporation, later Wells American Corporation, was an American computer company active from 1973 to 1991 and based in Columbia, South Carolina.

History

Intertec was founded in Columbia, South Carolina, by William Wells, a former IBM researcher, to manufacture and market low-cost video terminals. In 1979, the company introduced the Superbrain, an all-in-one microcomputer based on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor and running CP/M. In 1980, Intertec introduced the CompuStar, a multiuser microcomputer housed in a more standard desktop form factor.

Both computers sold steadily well in the first two years, with the company earning $3.7 million on $17.2 million in sales by 1981. That year, the company filed its initial public offering. However, the company found itself unable to compete with IBM's Personal Computer introduced in 1981, a system which saw quick widespread adoption. In December 1983, they staged a comeback with the HeadStart, a semi-portable all-in-one featuring both the Intel 8086 of the IBM PC, allowing it to run "most" programs for the PC's DOS, and a Z80 microprocessor capable of running CP/M. The computer was not as IBM PC compatible as was advertised, however, and the product flopped. Massive layoffs within the company ensued, with the company only employing 12 by June 1985, down from a peak of 600 employees in 1983. In 1986, William Wells' younger brother Ron Wells took over the company and renamed it to Wells American. It pivoted to the production of true IBM PC compatibles, marketing the A-Star as one such example that year.

In 1988, Wells American introduced a new CompuStar that could take expansion cards of both the IBM PC and IBM's new Personal System/2 (PS/2). The expansion bus of the IBM PC was a mostly open standard known as the Industry Standard Architecture (ISA), while the PS/2's bus was based on IBM's Micro Channel architecture, a more locked-down, heavily patented architecture devised by IBM as an attempt to regain market share lost through the proliferation and commodification of IBM PC clones. The new CompuStar possessed both ISA and Micro Channel expansion slots.

The new CompuStar was not enough to reverse the company's fortunes, and in 1990 the company suspended all manufacturing activities and marketing in the United States. In 1991, the company filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and had its assets liquidated.

References

1973 establishments in South Carolina
1991 disestablishments in South Carolina
American companies established in 1973
American companies disestablished in 1991
Computer companies established in 1973
Computer companies disestablished in 1991
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Defunct computer systems companies
Vengeful Guardian: Moonrider. Vengeful Guardian: Moonrider is a 2D action-platformer developed by JoyMasher and published by The Arcade Crew. It was released for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on January 12, 2023. In the game, players take control of a robotic ninja called Moonrider, who seeks to rebel against its tyrannical creators. As the player defeats enemies and bosses across six different levels, they gain items called modifier chips, which can be spent to unlock new powers and abilities for Moonrider. The game received generally favorable reviews on release.

Gameplay
Vengeful Guardian: Moonrider is a 2D action-platformer presented from a side-scrolling perspective. The player takes control of a robotic ninja called Moonrider, who was created as a super soldier by a tyrannical dystopian government. Having rebelled against his purpose, Moonrider seeks to overthrow his creators by joining a resistance movement. Moonrider can jump, slash enemies with his sword, and run to unleash a powerful attack that can instantly kill enemies if used at the right moment. As the player defeats enemies and bosses across six different levels, they gain items called modifier chips, which can be used to unlock new powers and abilities such as a double jump or enhanced armor. In addition, Moonrider can gain new weapons by defeating bosses, such as a "Dark Portal" which shoots foes with a blast of energy, or a spear used for attacking enemies from the front. Each of these new weapons can be used only a limited amount of times, as they share a collective "energy meter" that gradually decreases as they are used.

Reception

According to the review aggregator website Metacritic, Vengeful Guardian: Moonrider received "generally favorable reviews". Many critics compared the game to Mega Man X and the Shinobi series. Shacknews praised the music and graphics, although he noted its short length and many similarities to Mega Man X. Nintendo Life similarly enjoyed the combat, and described the 16-bit visuals as "absolutely stunning", but said that some levels featuring a 3D motorcycle were less appealing than the 2D sections. Push Square liked the variety in how levels were themed and found the difficulty to be well-designed, although the reviewer noted that the game may not interest players who did not like retro games.

References

External links

2023 video games
Action games
The Arcade Crew games
Dystopian video games
JoyMasher games
Nintendo Switch games
Platformers
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Single-player video games
Video games about ninja
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Brazil
Windows games
Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction Camps. The Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction Camps (, GULZhDS)
was a directorate of NKVD (later MVD) in charge of Gulag labor camps which manned railroad construction during 1940-1953. It was created on January 4, 1940 under the title Chief Directorate of Railroad Construction (GULZhD). From 1941 it become known as GULZhDS. Its main task was railroad construction, with other occasional projects, such as construction of highways in Ukraine and Volga Region, some plants, airfields, mines and housing. Its best known project was the construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline.

Ditrectors
January 1940: Naftali Frenkel
April 1947: major general 
August 1948: major general of engineering 
 August 1951: subcolonel  of engineering (later colonel of engineering)

References

Gulag
NKVD
1940 establishments in the Soviet Union
1953 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Biomass. Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms. In the latter context, there are variations in how biomass is defined, e.g., only from plants,  from plants and algae,  from plants and animals. The vast majority of biomass used for bioenergy does come from plants and fecal matter. Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy that the bioenergy industry claims has the potential to assist with climate change mitigation.

Uses in different contexts

Ecology 
 Biomass (ecology), the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. This can be the biomass of particular species or the biomass of a particular community or habitat.

Energy 
 Biomass (energy), biomass used for energy production or in other words: biological mass used as a renewable energy source (usually produced through agriculture, forestry or aquaculture methods)
 Bioenergy, energy sources derived from biological material 
 Solid fuel, forms of bioenergy that are solid
 Biofuel
 Energy crops

Biotechnology 
Biomass is also used as a term for the mass of microorganisms that are used to produce industrial products like enzymes and medicines.

Bioproducts 
Examples of emerging bioproducts or biobased products include biofuels, bioenergy, biochar, starch-based and cellulose-based ethanol, bio-based adhesives, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc.

Biological wastewater treatment 
In biological wastewater treatment processes, such as the activated sludge process, the term "biomass" is used to denote the mass of bacteria and other microorganisms that break down pollutants in wastewater. The biomass forms part of sewage sludge.

Others 
 Biomass (satellite) - an Earth observation satellite
 Waste biomass fibre - potential source for cleaner production of textile

References
Mao Zhi. Mao Zhi (; 20 September 1932 – 13 January 2023) was a Chinese engineer in the fields of hydraulics, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography
Mao was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu, on 20 September 1932. At the age of 5, due to the Second Sino-Japanese War, his family passed through Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other provinces of China, and went into exile all the way. At the age of 9, they finally came to Hechuan County, Sichuan (now Hechuan District, Chongqing). In 1950, he entered East China Water Conservancy Institute (now Hohai University), where he majored in the Department of Hydraulic Structure.

After university in 1953, Mao taught at the Water Conservancy Department of Hebei Agricultural University, two years later he moved to Wuhan Institute of Water Resources (now College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Wuhan University), where he was later appointed professor in July 2000. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1988.

On 13 January 2023, Mao died in Wuhan, Hubei, at the age of 90.

Honors and awards
 2003 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

References

1932 births
2023 deaths
20th-century Chinese engineers
21st-century Chinese engineers
People from Nanjing
Engineers from Jiangsu
Hohai University alumni
Academic staff of Wuhan University
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Hydraulic engineers
Tetyana Baydyk. Tetyana Nikolaevna Baydyk (born 1954, , also published as Tatiana Baidyk) is a Ukrainian researcher in artificial neural network based image recognition, particularly for problems of handwriting recognition and the manufacture of microelectromechanical systems. She is also interested in the application of micromechanics in renewable energy, including for concentrated solar power. She works at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), in the Microtechnology and Neural Networks group of the Department of Micro and Nanotechnologies of the Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (ICAT).

Education and career
Baydyk was born in 1954. After earning a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1977 at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, she earned a Ph.D. and D.Sc. through the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences Institute of Cybernetics in 1983 and 1994, respectively.

She worked as a junior researcher and then researcher at the Institute of Cybernetics, beginning in 1980. From 1995 to 1999 she coordinated the science and education program in Ukraine for the International Renaissance Foundation. She became a researcher at UNAM in 2001.

Recognition
Baydyk is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.

Books
With Ernst Kussul and Donald Wunsch, Baydyk is coauthor of the books Neural Networks and Micromechanics (Springer, 2009) and Intelligent Automation in Renewable Energy (Springer, 2019).

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Ukrainian computer scientists
Ukrainian women computer scientists
Computer vision researchers
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute alumni
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
Jeanneau One Design 24. The Jeanneau One Design 24, also called the JOD 24, is a French trailerable sailboat that was designed by Daniel Andrieu as a one design racer and first built in 1994.

Production
The design was built by Jeanneau in France, starting in 1994, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Jeanneau One Design 24 is a racing keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a 7/8 fractional sloop rig with a deck-stepped mast, a nearly plumb stem, a reverse transom an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a lifting keel with a weighted bulb. It displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the keel extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water or ground transportation on a trailer. A custom boat trailer for the design was a factory option.

The design has minimal accommodation for four people, consisting of two full-length settees, plus central stowage. A galley was a factory option.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Photo of a Jeanneau One Design 24

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
One-design sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Daniel Andrieu
Sailboat types built by Jeanneau
Philiswa Nomngongo. Philiswa Nomngongo is a South African professor of Analytical Chemistry and the South African Research Chair (SARChI) in nanotechnology for water. Her research focuses on environmental analytical chemistry and the use of nanomaterials for water treatment, water remediation, and water quality analysis and monitoring.

Early life and education 

Nomngongo was raised in Flagstaff, South Africa in the Eastern Cape. Nomngongo grew up observing how her village was dependent on rivers and streams for clean water, and how this water was a source for water-borne illnesses. Nomngongo cites this as helping her find her passion for chemistry while in high school.

Nomngongo majored in Applied Chemistry at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, graduating with a BSc in 2008. She received an Honours BSc in Chemistry in 2009 and a MSc in Chemistry in 2011, both from the University of KwaZulu-Natal. She earned her PhD in Chemistry from the University of Johannesburg in 2014.

Research and career 

In 2017, Nomngongo became an associate professor of Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the University of Johannesburg in the Faculty of Science (Department of Chemical Sciences). She became a full professor in 2020.

Nomngongo's studies focus on using nanotechnology to build better water filtering and quality monitoring techniques for use in remote communities. She credits the "flexibility and distinct properties [of] nanomaterials" in developing new technologies for water remediation. Nomngongo's research has also explored better methods of detecting contaminants from pharmaceutical wastewater, which can evade removal from regular water treatment plants. Her work is cited as helping to "improve the quality of life" for communities dependent on water from potentially contaminated water sources.

Nomngongo provides teaching and training to disadvantaged rural schools, and has been recognized for her promotion of STEM studies.

In 2021, the South African Department of Science and Innovation appointed Nomngongo as the South African Research Chair in nanotechnology for water. In this role, Nomngongo is tasked to help train the next generation of students and researchers on using nanotechnology to further improve water security.

Awards and honors 

 L’Oreal-UNESCO Sub-Saharan Women in Science Regional fellowship in 2014
 South African Women in Science award in the Distinguished Young Woman Research in the Natural and Engineering Sciences category in 2017
 Vice-Chancellor’s Distinguished Award: Most Promising Young Researcher of the Year in 2017
 NSTF's Engineering Research Capacity Development Award in 2021

References

External links 

 
 

21st-century chemists
21st-century South African scientists
21st-century South African women scientists
Living people
People from the Eastern Cape
South African women chemists
Academic staff of the University of Johannesburg
University of Johannesburg alumni
University of KwaZulu-Natal alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
USA-315. USA-315, also known as SBIRS GEO-5, is a military satellite developed as a part of the Space-Based Infrared System. The satellite aims to increase the capabilities of the United States Department of Defense in terms of missile defense and military intelligence.

Overview 
As a part of the SBIRS program, the successor of Defense Support Program (DSP), new satellites with better features were planned to be launched and used by United States Air Force and Space Force.  USA-315, like other satellites in SBIRS program, is used for early warning.

The initial work contract for SBIRS GEO-5 and SBIRS GEO-6 was awarded to Lockheed Martin in October 2012. After two years, Lockheed Martin was awarded again in 2014, but this time with a manufacturing contract.

SBIRS GEO-5 is built on an LM 2100 Combat Bus and the development phase took more than five years.

On 18 May 2021, SBIRS GEO-5 (USA-315) was launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.

The satellite was accepted by the U.S. Space Force and showed %40 improvement in average testing times.

References 

Missile defense
Early warning systems
Military space program of the United States
Early warning satellites
Military equipment introduced in the 2000s
Cancer Diagnostic Probe. The Cancer Diagnostic Probe (CDP) is a medical device used in Iran during breast cancer surgery. First developed by Nano Hesgar Sazan Salamt Arya, an Iranian company, CDP has received medical approval in Iran, where it is used in surgical centers.

Development and application 
The Cancer Diagnostic Probe was developed by a team led by Mohammad Abdolahad, a 2019 Mustafa Prize laureate and faculty member of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Tehran, to facilitate the determination of cancerous margins. Abdolahad stated that the clinical trial for the device lasted 4 years and that up to 500 surgeries had been carried out using the CDP by 2020. According to Sayyed Ruhollah Miri, the head of the Cancer Institute at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the CDP reduces the diagnosis time to 1–2 minutes.

Mechanism 
The CDP device is composed of three main parts: "a disposable sensor; a wireless electrical head probe used by the surgeon; [and] a main control computer system which receives the signals from the head probe". It electrochemically measures the hypoxia glycolysis metabolism in real-time "in pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions in cavity side margins". It measures the release of H2O2 from cancer or atypical cells by the reverse Warburg effect.

Reception 
The development of CDP was supported by the Iranian Nano Technology Development Headquarters. After receiving medical approval, this system has been used in breast cancer surgeries in Iran. , four U.S. patents have been published related to CDP.

References 

Iranian inventions
Breast cancer
Medical devices
Medical research in Asia