omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dazomet. Dazomet is a common soil fumigant that acts as a herbicide, fungicide, slimicide, and nematicide.

Applications 

Dazomet is a chemical used to kill pests that inhibit plant growth through gaseous degradation. Dazomet is used as a soil sterilant on a variety of sites such as golf courses, nurseries, turf sites, and potting soils. Dazomet is used for soil sterilization as an alternative to methyl bromide. Although less effective it is still used to kill pests because of its comparatively lower toxicity. Dazomet is applied to wet soil, which causes dazomet itself to decompose into a gaseous form, which is what actively controls pests. The decomposition of dazomet releases methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) a gas toxic to pests that would prevent or kill plant growth. Dazomet and other methyl isothiocyanate generators are in IRAC group 8F. Dazomet has also been proven to be effective in the prevention of Phellinus noxius, or brown root rot disease.

Synthesis

Dazomet is synthesized from carbon disulfide (CS2) and diluted methylamine (CH3NH2). After stirring for 1-2 hours, an oily substance is formed, which is the intermediate methyldithiocarbamic acid (HS2CNHCH3). Then, formaldehyde (CH2O) is added to the intermediate to form and precipitate out the dazomet.

Form, color, and smell 

Dazomet takes the form of colorless crystals. Dazomet is described as having a weakly pungent smell.

Toxicology and safety 

Dazomet is irritating to the eyes and its degradation product, MITC, is a dermal sensitizer. Dazomet is very toxic to aquatic organisms, and also acutely toxic to mammals. Exposure to dazomet can occur through several means; interaction with unincorporated granules, inhalation of it decomposition product, MITC, and/or water runoff.

Stability and shelf life 

Dazomet is stable at temperatures up to 35°C; it is sensitive to temperature >50°C and to moisture. Dazomet has a shelf life of at least two years when stored below 50°C.

Mass spectrum

The molecular ion peak of dazomet is at 162 m/z. There are two major fragment peaks, one at 89 m/z and one at 42 m/z.  The fragment peak at 89 m/z represents the loss of MITC, which is the major, gaseous degrade of dazomet.

Patents

Patent #US5989597
 Ambrose Rajamannan was the inventor of the novel process of continuously and instantaneously sterilizing soil using a water-activated fumigant.  Dazomet is one water-activated fumigant that could be used.  This process ensures 100% activation of the fumigant.  Therefore, less fumigant would be needed to ensure that the soil would be completely sterilized.  
Patent #CN1543787
 See under

References 

Herbicides
Insecticides
Nematicides
Dithiocarbamates
Thiadiazines
GVV Dal Molin MD.1 Anfibio Varese. The GVV Dal Molin MD.1 Anfibio Varese, (GVV - Grupo Volo a Vela - gliding group), was a single-seat, amphibious flying boat glider built in Italy in 1933. Eight were constructed.

Development

The Anfibio Verese was designed by Angelo Mori and built by the Tommaso Dal Molin Gliding Group in the grounds of a primary school in Varese.  It was a high-wing monoplane, its  two spar wing supported centrally on a fuselage pedestal and braced on each side with a faired V-strut from the spars near mid-span to the lower fuselage. It was mounted with some dihedral and in plan was rectangular with blunt tips.

The Anfibio Varese had a caulked plywood covered, hexagonal section fuselage with an open cockpit immediately ahead of the wing pedestal.  The fuselage tapered slightly rearwards to the tail, where the rectangular tailplane was mounted on top, supported by a single small strut on each side, and carried constant chord elevators.  The fin was small but the balanced rudder was tall and somewhat pointed; it extended down to the keel and moved in an elevator cut-out. The fuselage underside was formed into a single step hull, though there was also a standard glider skid, running from just aft of the nose via the step to aft of mid-chord, assisted by a very small tail skid for land operations.

Its first flight was in 1933. On 16 September 1934 eight Anfibio Vareses and one other amphibious glider were bungee-launched from the summit of the Campo dei Fiori di Varese, alighting on Lake Schiranna near Varese.

Specifications

References

Flying boats
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Amphibious aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Charles R. Martin. Charles R. Martin (born November 20, 1959) is an American Distinguished Professor of chemistry at University of Florida. He is a Nanotechnology expert and a pioneer of membrane-based template synthesis of nanomaterials. He is listed as one of the World's Top 100 Chemists of the past decade (2000–2010) by Thomson Reuters.  He is also a musician and songwriter in Gainesville, Florida.

Education and academic career

Education 
Martin graduated with high distinction from Centre College of Kentucky in 1975 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He obtained a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry in 1980 under the direction of Prof. Henry Freiser. He was a Robert A. Welch Postdoctoral Fellow with Prof. Allen J. Bard in University of Texas at Austin.

Research in Texas A&M University 
Martin began his academic career as an assistant professor in Texas A&M university in 1981. He became the first person to get tenure as an analytical chemist. He became a full professor in 1990. Beginning in the 1980s, his research group pioneered a versatile method for preparing nanomaterials called template synthesis. This synthesis method is now used in laboratories throughout the world.

Research in Colorado State University 
In 1990, Martin moved to Colorado State University. He used the template synthesis method to fabricate nanotubes and nanowires of a wide range of materials. Many important applications such as separation, electrochemical energy storage, and electrochemical analysis have been explored.

Research in University of Florida 
Martin moved to University of Florida in 1999. He is currently the Colonel Allan R. and Margaret G. Crow Professor of Chemistry in University of Florida. He became University Distinguished Professor in 2006, one of only 70 University Professorships in UF. Martin's current research interests are applications of template-prepared nanotubes and nanotube membranes in biosensing and electrochemistry.

Awards and achievement 
Among his Awards, Martin was the recipient of the Carl Wagner Memorial Award of the Electrochemical Society (1999), The Florida Award of the Florida ACS (2005), Fellow of Electrochemical Society (2005), Nano 50 Innovator Award from Nanotech Briefs (2007), the Charles N. Reilley Award of the Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry (2009), and the American Chemical Society Division of Analytical Chemistry Award in Electrochemistry (2010).

Music 
Besides his academic success, Martin is a musician and songwriter in Gainesville Florida. He had four albums with bands dblWiDE and The Righteous Kind and the solo album Genius Boy Music was released on November 22, 2013.

References 

1959 births
Living people
21st-century American chemists
University of Florida faculty
Centre College alumni
Alphie. Alphie was an educational robot toy popular in the 1980s. It featured a slot in the front for interchangeable cards, which lined up with special soft-touch input function buttons built into the front of the toy. It ran on batteries and came with different insert cards to help children learn math, spelling, matching skills, etc. The toy also played music.

The original Alphie was released in 1978. Alphie II was released in 1983.

Reviews for the Alphie range from calling the Alphie "highly educational" to saying Alphie "scares [their] child".

Alphie 2

"Talking Alphie" was billed as "the talking alphabet machine, the electronic friend, [that] teaches basic learning skills" and "makes learning fun, with a friendly voice that guides children through different activities." Kids could learn counting, matching, problem-solving, sequencing, and other skills as they played. Talking Alphie would respond to their answers with "happy words for right answers [and] encouraging words for wrong answers." The toy also played familiar melodies, and featured a smiling, light-up face.

References

Educational robots
Educational toys
Hasbro products
1980s toys
Synaptic transistor. A synaptic transistor is an electrical device that can learn in ways similar to a neural synapse. It optimizes its own properties for the functions it has carried out in the past. The device mimics the behavior of the property of neurons called spike-timing-dependent plasticity, or STDP.

Structure
Its structure is similar to that of a field effect transistor, where an ionic liquid takes the place of the gate insulating layer between the gate electrode and the conducting channel. That channel is composed of samarium nickelate (, or SNO) rather than the field effect transistor's doped silicon.

Function
A synaptic transistor has a traditional immediate response whose amount of current that passes between the source and drain contacts varies with voltage applied to the gate electrode. It also produces a much slower learned response such that the conductivity of the SNO layer varies in response to the transistor's STDP history, essentially by shuttling oxygen ions between the SNO and the ionic liquid.

The analog of strengthening a synapse is to increase the SNO's conductivity, which essentially increases gain. Similarly, weakening a synapse is analogous to decreasing the SNO's conductivity, lowering the gain.

The input and output of the synaptic transistor are continuous analog values, rather than digital on-off signals. While the physical structure of the device has the potential to learn from history, it contains no way to bias the transistor to control the memory effect. An external supervisory circuit converts the time delay between input and output into a voltage applied to the ionic liquid that either drives ions into the SNO or removes them.

A network of such devices can learn particular responses to "sensory inputs", with those responses being learned through experience rather than explicitly programmed.

References

Transistor types
Artificial neural networks
Prosa Structured Analysis Tool. Prosa Structured Analysis Tool is a visual systems and software development environment which supports industry standard SA/SD/RT structured analysis and design with real-time extensions modeling method. Prosa supports data flow diagrams, state transition diagrams and entity relationship diagrams using Chen's and Bachmans ER notations. Prosa has integrated data dictionary.

Prosa actively guides the designer to create correct and consistent graphic diagrams. Prosa offers interactive checking between diagrams. Concurrent documentation integration ensures real-time link from design to documentation.

Prosa automates diagram creation and checking, and produces C++, C#, Java code headers and SQL DDL for implementation.
Concurrent documentation ensures accurate documents which are consistent with the software design.

Prosa has an established position in analysis and design tool business. Prosa is used in areas like system and software development, telecommunications, automation, car manufacturing, machinery, banking, insurance, defense/military, research, integrated circuit design, etc.

See also
 Structured Analysis

References

External links

Specifying Systems and applications with SA/SD/RT method, TRAINING COURSE: MODELING/SA, Insoft Oy, 75 pages, 2013.

Programming tools for Windows
GVV Dal Molin Roma. The GVV Dal Molin Roma or Mori Anfibio Roma was a single-seat, amphibious flying boat glider built in Italy in 1933. Only one was constructed.

Design and development

The Roma was designed by Angelo Mori and built by the Grupo Volo a Vela Tommaso Dal Molin () in Varese.  It was a cantilever high-wing monoplane, its  high aspect ratio, single spar wing constructed with a wooden frame and covered in plywood and fabric. It was mounted with some dihedral and in plan was straight tapered with elliptical tips. Ailerons occupied about half the span.

The fuselage of the Roma was flat sided aft of the wing, which sat on top of it.  Between the trailing edge and close to the tail it was fabric covered; the rest, like the forward fuselage, was skinned with ply. All the fuselage surfaces were treated with ship's waterproof paint. The cantilever horizontal tail, mounted on the fin just above the fuselage, was slightly straight tapered.  The fin was very small, serving only to mount a large, slightly curved, balanced rudder.  This extended below the fuselage, moving within an elevator cut-out and partly protected by a ventral fin.  The cockpit was immediately ahead of the wing leading edge, with a curved upper fuselage reaching forwards to the nose.  Different cockpit enclosures were used, though the order is uncertain. One placed the pilot under a separable, multi framed canopy; with the other the pilot after entry was surrounded by a demountable ply covering which filled the larger aperture, allowing his head to emerge from within an open, circular, collared hole. The interior was lit by glazing in the cover just in front of the seat.

The Roma was an amphibian and had a single step, flying boat style hull with the step under mid-chord. Small stabilizing floats were mounted under the wings at about two-thirds span, each attached by two spanwise parallel pairs of V-struts.  Land operation used a standard glider skid, running from just aft of the nose to aft of the trailing edge. A dolly was used for launches.

Operational history
The Roma's first flight was in May 1933, flown by Romeo Sartori from Lake Schiranna near Varese. Plinio Rovesti later flew it from the summit of the Campo dei Fiori di Varese to Lake Maggiore, about  away.  On 16 September 1934 the Roma, flown again by Rovesti led eight Anfibio Vareses (another Mori design), bungee launched, from the Campo dei Fiori to alight at Schiranna.  Rovesti continued to fly it from Campo dei Fiori and from Mottarone over local lakes.  During World War II, the Roma was stored at Vizzola Ticino but was burned by retreating German occupation forces.

Specifications

References

Flying boats
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Amphibious aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Param Jaggi. Param Jaggi (born April 18, 1994) is an American inventor and the chief executive officer of Hatch Technologies. Previously, he was founder and CEO of EcoViate. He is known for building Algae Mobile, a device that converts carbon dioxide emitted from a car into oxygen. Jaggi was featured in Forbes 30 under 30 in 2011 and 2012.

He was named an INK Fellow and participated in the 2013 INK Conference. Jaggi was also a speaker at TEDxRedmond in 2013 and is on the board of USA Science and Engineering Festival. In 2013, he was featured in CNN's The Next List.

Early life and education 
Jaggi’s parents encouraged him to pursue science since he was a child. As a child, he pursued projects related to environment and world problems. After completing his education from Plano East High School, he joined Austin College in 2011. When he was 15, he began working with alternative energy sources and a year later he started working in a lab at University of Texas, Dallas. He has also worked at a patent law office. In 2012, he attended Vanderbilt University where he became a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity and earned a Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Sustainability and Economics.

Inventions 
He started working with environmental and energy technologies at the age of 13. When he was 14, he built an algae-based bio-reactor. In 2013, he started working on a thermo-voltaic system that would harness wasted heat from the motor vehicle.

Algae Mobile 
Jaggi built the first model of Algae Mobile, a device that converts carbon dioxide emitted from a car into oxygen, in 2008. He got the idea of building the device when he was learning to drive. In 2009, he filed a patent for it, which was approved in 2013. Since 2009, he has made different models of Algae Mobile. In February 2010, he won top prize in the Beal Bank Dallas Regional Science and Engineering Fair at Fair Park for Algae Mobile

In 2011, he participated in ExxonMobil Texas Science and Engineering Fair and qualified to advance to the International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) At the ISEF, he won the Environmental Protection Agency's Patrick H. Hurd Sustainability Award for Algae Mobile 3.

Personal life
Jaggi is of Indian descent, and currently resides in Washington, D.C. His father, Pawan Jaggi is an entrepreneur and serves as the director of EcoViate. His brother, Parakh Jaggi is a Software Engineer and serves as CTO of Climate Benefits!

Awards and honors
2011 - Nominated for Dallas Morning News Texan of the Year.
2011 - EPA's Sustainability Award at Intel International Science Fair
2011 - Featured in Popular Science 'Top 10 High School Inventors'
2011 - Featured in Mental Floss' Whiz Kids: 5 Amazing Young Inventors
2011, 2012 - Featured in Forbes 30 Under 30's energy category

References 

Living people
Austin College alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
People from Plano, Texas
1991 births
Mustafa Culha. Dr. Mustafa Culha (Çulha) is the founder of Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Engineering Research Group  which he established in 2004. He is currently a full-professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Augusta University, GA, USA. Prof. Culha has significant contributions for the biomedical applications of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), better understanding of surface chemistry versus toxicity relationship of nanomaterials, and synthesis and biomedical applications of boron nitride nanomaterials including boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and hexagonal boron nitrides (hBNs). He continues to explore these and related fields to help the humanity to overcome the biggest challenges in disease detection, diagnosis and treatment.

References

External links
Official University CV
Surface modification of silver nanoparticles and their interactions with living cells
Surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles and cell death
Nanospectroscopy

Turkish biochemists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Yeditepe University
Management Component Transport Protocol. Management Component Transport Protocol (MCTP) is a protocol designed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) to support communications between different intelligent hardware components that make up a platform management subsystem, providing monitoring and control functions inside a managed computer system.  This protocol is independent of the underlying physical bus properties, as well as the data link layer messaging used on the bus.  The MCTP communication model includes a message format, transport description, message exchange patterns, and operational endpoint characteristics.

MCTP allows the transmission of a wide variety of management commands over alternative types of links. Simplified nature of the protocol and reduced encapsulation overheads make MCTP suitable for implementation and processing within system firmware and integrated baseboard management controllers (BMCs), on a wide range of platforms including servers, workstations and embedded devices.  The following table describes which protocols MCTP can encapsulate, and what kind of protocols MCTP can be run over:

For example, Intel's network interface controllers (NICs) include support for MCTP over PCI Express and SMBus since 2012, allowing these NICs to be controlled and monitored at a low level over MCTP.  Exposed configuration and monitoring operations include power management, control of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) offloading, configuration of the out-of-band management traffic (which can be separated from the Ethernet traffic visible to the operating system by using RMCP ports filtering, a separate MAC address, or through VLAN tagging), and handling of NIC's interrupts and error conditions.

DMTF also defines the Management Controller Host Interface (MCHI), which includes a set of discovery options and registration commands, allowing UEFI, BIOS or the operating system to communicate with a MCTP-enabled BMC.  Discovery options include PCI/PCI Express class codes as part of the PCI configuration space, MCHI Description Table and control methods defined and exported via ACPI, and data structures exported via SMBIOS.

See also 

 Out-of-band management
 Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
 Intel Active Management Technology (AMT)
 NC-SI (Network Controller Sideband Interface)
 Platform Management Components Intercommunication (PMCI)
 Intel Management Engine (ME)

References

External links 
 Platform Management Components Intercommunication (PMCI) a set of standards defined by the Distributed Management Task Force

Computer hardware standards
DMTF standards
Out-of-band management
East West Gas Pipeline (India). Pipeline Infrastructure Limited or East West Gas Pipeline (EWPL) is a project implemented to transport gas from Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) to Bharuch (Gujarat) including various spurs and interconnects on the way. EWPL traverses through the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat. EWPL has been authorized as a common carrier pipeline. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infrastructure Trust, which is owned by Brookfield Asset Management.
The East West Gas Pipeline supplies Natural gas to RIL's vast petrochemical complex at Gujarat and delivers gas to numerous customers via branch line connections along its length. The pipeline system features multiple compressor stations, numerous metering facilities at branch take-offs and an advanced control and communications network. The project is the first and largest privately owned cross-country pipeline in India and the backbone of India's burgeoning natural gas grid.

Gas source
The current gas source for EWPL is KG-D6 gas block located in Krishna Godavari Basin, 30 to 50 km offshore of the east coast of India. RIL has set up an Onshore Terminal at Gadimoga near Kakinada.

System configuration
EWPL is a  uniform diameter (API 5L Grade X-70) pipeline across the entire trunk length of around 1375 km with wall thicknesses 17.2, 20.7 and 25.4 mm depending on the code requirement. The pipeline is 3LPE (three layer polyethylene) coated; internally epoxy lined, helically spiral submerged arc welded (for 17.2 mm) and longitudinal submerged arc welded (for 20.7 mm and 25.4 mm). Impressed current cathodic protection system has been provided to supplement the coating system for protection against external corrosion. Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) of the pipeline is 98.0 bar(g).

Gas price
In 2020, Indian government fixed the natural gas price at producer end (on shore point) as US on net calorific value (NCV) basis from KG-D6 field. However the enhanced price would be applicable only after compensating the shortfall gas in the previous years. The earlier price of $4.2  per million BTU on gross calorific value (GCV) basis is calculated already at maximum price cap of Brent crude of $60 per barrel (159 liters) under the applicable formula linking the price of gas per million BTU (GP) to the price of oil:

GP = 2.5 + (OP – 25) ^0.15

where OP is the annual average Brent crude price for the previous FY, with a cap of $60 per barrel
and a floor of $25 per barrel.  As the annual Brent price has always been above $60 from 2007 to 2014, the revised gas price at $5.61 during the year 2014 is in excess of the applicable maximum price by nearly 20%.

Controversies

Money laundering 
EWPL is under investigation by the Indian regulators over potential laundering of $1.2 bn by the company.

See also
Kandla-Gorakhpur LPG Pipeline
HVJ Gas Pipeline

References

External links
 Company website

Reliance Industries
Energy in Andhra Pradesh
Natural gas pipelines in India
Energy in Gujarat
Energy in Telangana
Brookfield Corporation
2008 establishments in India
Infrastructure completed in 2008