omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SDE Sea Wave. SDE Sea Wave is a type of renewable energy power plant technology utilizing sea wave energy for the production of electricity.

The SDE Sea Wave technology was developed by the Israeli company S.D.E. Energy LTD from 1996 to 2014. The technology was invented by Shmuel Ovadia, but he initially struggled to secure investment to commercialise the technology.

Technology
The system consists of horizontal buoys, with one end attached to a breakwater or another sea-based structure. These buoys move vertically in response to sea waves, creating mechanical motion that presses on a hydraulic liquid. The hydraulic system then converts this energy into circular motion, driving an electricity generator to produce power. The innovation lies in the system's self-correcting mechanism, which allows the buoys to flip over in large waves and wait for calmer conditions to reset, enhancing durability. Only 10% of the system's components are submerged, reducing exposure to corrosive sea water.

Development and Projects
S.D.E. Energy LTD built and tested twelve different models of its wave energy system. A notable full-scale model was deployed in 2010 at Jaffa Port near Tel Aviv, producing 40 kWh of electricity over a period of two years. 

In March 2010, S.D.E. Energy LTD announced plans to build a 250 kW model in the port of Jaffa and to develop a 100 MW power plant in locations such as the islands of Kosrae, Micronesia, and Zanzibar.

By 2012, the company was building the second of three projects in China, a 150 kW device in Dongping, Ruyuan County, with the third expected to be rated at 500 kW. Cooperation agreements were also in place to develop 100 MW of wave power in India. Plans were also announced to build SDE power plants in Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands. There is no record of any of these plans being constructed.

Acquisition 
By 2014, the technology rights, patents and projects had been acquired by the Chinese Blackbird International Corporation subsidiary Wave Electricity Renewable Power Ocean (WERPO).

However, in 2016 WERPO sold the technology rights to the Israeli renewable energy developer Shahar Energy.

References

External links 

 S.D.E. Energy LTD. official site

Electric power companies of Israel
Power station technology
Wave energy converters
Wafer backgrinding. Wafer backgrinding is a semiconductor device fabrication step during which wafer thickness is reduced to allow stacking and high-density packaging of integrated circuits (IC).

ICs are produced on semiconductor wafers that undergo a multitude of processing steps. The silicon wafers predominantly used today have diameters of 200 and 300 mm. They are roughly 750 μm thick to ensure a minimum of mechanical stability and to avoid warping during high-temperature processing steps.

Smartcards, USB memory sticks, smartphones, handheld music players, and other ultra-compact electronic products would not be feasible in their present form without minimizing the size of their various components along all dimensions. The backside of the wafers are thus ground prior to wafer dicing (separation of the individual microchips). Wafers thinned down to 75 to 50 μm are common today.

Prior to grinding, wafers are commonly laminated with UV-curable back-grinding tape, which ensures against wafer surface damage during back-grinding and prevents wafer surface contamination caused by infiltration of grinding fluid and/or debris. The wafers are also washed with deionized water throughout the process, which helps prevent contamination.

The process is also known as "backlap", "backfinish", "back side grinding", or "wafer thinning".

After backgrinding, a finished wafer is cut into individual chips in a process called die singulation.

See also  
 Back-illuminated sensor

References

Semiconductor device fabrication
Joint Innovation Lab. The Joint Innovation Lab (JIL) is a joint venture between Vodafone, Verizon Wireless, China Mobile and SoftBank Mobile. It is backed up by handset makers LG Electronics, Research In Motion, Samsung Electronics and Sharp Corporation.

The companies use the JIL as a platform to develop mobile services. JIL's first project is to develop a mobile widget ecosystem that will allow developers to benefits from access to the combined customer base of the four JIL mobile operators. 

The Wholesale Applications Community was formed by a group of 24 mobile network operators and announced at Mobile World Congress 2010 in Barcelona with the remit to tackle device fragmentation through the introduction of ‘open standard’ web technologies.

Over the following year, more and more companies expressed a commitment to the common cause and WAC now has over 60 members in its ranks, including handset manufacturers, software development companies and mobile network operators from all over the world.

In September 2010, just six months after the initial announcement, the first WAC 1.0 mobile web run time specification was released, signalling the organisation’s intent to support developers with an open web-based platform that could run applications across multiple devices and operating systems.

With the support of its 40+ members, WAC appointed former Vodafone executive Peters Suh as CEO, with Michel Combes and Jean Philippe Vanot taking on the roles of Chairman and Deputy Chair. The news that the GSMA’s OneAPI would be the standard adopted by WAC’s network operator members for the exposure of network APIs was followed by a further nine new members joining the organisation, including new OEMs, swelling the membership to over 50 companies.

By Mobile World Congress 2011, WAC formally confirmed its status as a ‘not for profit’ organisation and announced that its membership had now grown to more than 60 full members.

Vodafone
Verizon Wireless
China Mobile
SoftBank Group
DOCK. The program UCSF DOCK was created in the 1980s by Irwin "Tack" Kuntz's Group, and was the first docking program. DOCK uses geometric algorithms to predict the binding modes of small molecules. Brian K. Shoichet, David A. Case, and Robert C.Rizzo are codevelopers of DOCK.

Two versions of the docking program are actively developed: DOCK 6 and DOCK 3.

Ligand sampling methods used by the program DOCK include.
 Rigid docking: shape matching, uses spheres placed in the pocket and performs bipartite matching between those spheres and the molecule (all versions).
 Flexible ligand is accounted for using the following methods: an algorithm called anchor and grow (v4-v6), and hierarchical docking of databases (v3.5-3.7).

A molecular dynamics engine was implemented into DOCK v6 by David A. Case's Group in the scoring function AMBER score. This ability accounts for receptor flexibility and allows for rank ordering by energetic ensembles in the docking calculations.

See also 
 AutoDock
 Molecular modelling
 Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling

References

External links

Molecular modelling software
Molecular modelling
Brage oil field. Brage () is an offshore oil field in the North Sea located  northwest of the city of Bergen on the western coast of Norway and  east of Oseberg Field Center. The field also contains gas. The water depth at the location is . The field was developed with a fixed integrated production, drilling and accommodation facility
The oil from the field is pumped through a pipeline to Oseberg A facility from where it is transported to Sture terminal via Oseberg Transport System. The gas from the field is exported through Statpipe system to Kårstø. It is estimated that Brage may hold up to  to  of recoverable oil.

Ownership
The Brage field is operated by Wintershall Norge. Wintershall Norge holds 35.20%, Repsol Norge AS – 33.9%, Faroe Petroleum Norge – 14.30%, Point Resources – 12.2%, VNG Norge – 4.44%.

Production
Brage oil field produced up to  when it reached its peak production in 1998 and is currently producing . New wells were drilled in 2007 and the operator plans on drilling more wells in the near future. Production will probably to be shut down in 2020+

See also

Sture terminal
Oseberg Transport System
Oseberg oil field
North Sea oil
Economy of Norway

References

External links
Statoil official website

Equinor oil and gas fields
North Sea oil fields
Oil fields in Norway
Arrow 250. The Arrow 250 is a family of single-cylinder, two-stroke, single- or dual-ignition aircraft engines that were designed for ultralight aircraft by Arrow SNC of Italy.

The Arrow family of engines are modular in design and share the same pistons, cylinders and gearboxes assembled around different crankcase designs, giving one-, two- or four-cylinder engines. Arrow engines are no longer in production.

Development
The 250 is a conventional single-cylinder engine that weighs only . The engine features single- or optional dual-ignition, reed valve induction, free air cooling, tuned exhaust system, a slide venturi-type Bing carburetor, fuel pump, Nikasil cylinder coatings. The engine was offered with a gearbox reduction system that included a one-way clutch. Starting is electric starter with no provision for a recoil starter.

The tuned exhaust supplied with the engine has been criticized as "cumbersome" and needing modification to fit most aircraft.

Variants
250
Gasoline aircraft engine, . Out of production.
270 AC
Gasoline aircraft engine,  at 6800 rpm, weight  with carburetor, alternator, fuel pump and starter. Out of production.

Specifications (Arrow 250)

See also

References

Arrow SNC engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Contract (1985 film). Contract () is a 1985 Soviet/Russian animation based on the short science fiction story Company Store (1958) by Robert Silverberg and directed by Vladimir Tarasov. The song I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby is used in the animation.

Plot
A colonist arrives on a deserted planet and is immediately attacked by various monsters. Moments before the colonist meets his death, a protective field is activated by the trading robot QBF-41. It turns out that the monsters are merely a ploy used by the robot.

Using the mass transmitter (a device that creates "everything necessary for life" for free), the colonist orders shaving razors which arrives at a huge shipping cost. It turns out that luxuries do not fall under the umbrella of the necessities of life. However QBF-41 offers a sample tube of shaving cream free of charge. The colonist asks to pay for it and it turns out he has no right to use the services of a competing firm. The robot also receives a similar warning and is deactivated. The colonist is then deprived from food and the mass transmitter. The colonist uses batteries from his life supplies to reactivate the robot, and together they are left alone on the surface of a lifeless planet.

Bibliography

External links

 
The text of the short story at the Moshkov library
 
 
 

Films directed by Vladimir Tarasov
Russian and Soviet animated science fiction films
1985 films
Films based on short fiction
Soyuzmultfilm
Russian animated short films
1980s Soviet films
1985 animated short films
Arrow 500. The Arrow 500 is a twin-cylinder, horizontally opposed, two-stroke, single or dual ignition, aircraft engine that was designed for ultralight aircraft by Arrow SNC of Italy.

The Arrow family of engines are modular in design and share the same pistons, cylinders and gearboxes assembled around different crankcase designs, giving one-, two- or four-cylinder engines. Arrow engines are no longer in production.

Development
The 500 is a conventional twin-cylinder engine that weighs . The engine features single or optional dual ignition, reed valve induction, free air cooling, tuned exhaust system, a single slide venturi-type Bing carburetor, fuel pump, Nikasil cylinder coatings. The engine was offered with a gearbox reduction system that included a one way clutch. Starting is electric starter with no provision for a recoil starter.

The 500 produces , runs on premium unleaded auto fuel and has a recommended time between overhaul of 400 hours.

The tuned exhaust supplied with the engine has been criticized as "cumbersome" and needing modification to fit most aircraft.

Specifications (Arrow 500)

See also

References

Arrow SNC engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Stuart Hilborn. Stuart Hilborn (9 October 1917 – 16 December 2013), was born in Calgary, Canada. Hilborn was an automotive engineer. He became interested in amateur racing on dry lake beds before World War II. After the war, he began experimenting with ideas for mechanical fuel injection, and tested them on his own race cars. Only a few years later, his injectors were adopted by professional racers with notable success, including the first to break the 150-mile-per-hour mark. Starting in 1949, Hilborn-equipped cars claimed dozens of victories at the Indianapolis circuit.

Hilborn eventually started a company to sell his injection systems to the public, which became popular with the hot rodders of the 1950s and 1960s. A classic mechanical Hilborn injection system is recognizable by its distinctive flared velocity stack intake pipes, rising straight up from each cylinder, flared at the open top, and usually polished or plated for a bright, shiny finish. The Hilborn company was purchased by Holly in 2019. Citing a shrinking market for mechanical fuel injection systems and parts, Holly announced in February of 2024 that they would cease production of Hilborn components.

Hilborn was inducted into the Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) Hall of Fame, as well as the HOT ROD Magazine Speed Parts Hall of Fame for the first Mechanical Hydrogen Fuel Injection.

References

External links
Hilborn Injection

People from Calgary
1917 births
2013 deaths
Automotive engineers
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Arrow 1000. The Arrow 1000 is a four-cylinder, horizontally opposed, two-stroke, single- or dual-ignition, aircraft engine that was designed for float-equipped ultralight aircraft by Arrow SNC of Italy.

The Arrow family of engines are modular in design and share the same pistons, cylinders and gearboxes assembled around different crankcase designs, giving one-, two- or four-cylinder engines. Arrow engines are no longer in production.

Development
The 1000 is a conventional four-cylinder engine that weighs . The engine features single or optional dual ignition, reed valve induction, free air cooling, tuned exhaust system, slide venturi-type Bing carburetors, fuel pump, Nikasil cylinder coatings. The engine was offered with a gearbox reduction system that included a one-way clutch. Starting is electric starter with no provision for a recoil starter.

The 1000 produces , runs on premium unleaded auto fuel and has a recommended time between overhaul of 300 hours.

The tuned exhaust supplied with the engine has been criticized as "cumbersome" and needing modification to fit most aircraft.

Specifications (Arrow 1000)

See also

References

Arrow SNC engines
Air-cooled aircraft piston engines
Two-stroke aircraft piston engines
Metallodendrimer. A metallodendrimer is a type of dendrimer with incorporated metal atoms. The development of this type of material is actively pursued in academia.

Structure
The metal can be situated in the repeat unit, the core or at the extremities as end-group. Elements often encountered are palladium and platinum. These metals can form octahedral six-coordinate M(IV) linking units from organic dihalides and the corresponding 4-coordinate M(II) monomers. Ferrocene-containing dendrimers and dendrimers with cobaltocene and arylchromiumtricarbonyl units have been reported in end-functional dendrimers.

Metallodendrimers can form as metal complexes with dendritic counter ions for example by hydrolysis of ester terminated PAMAM dendrimers with sodium hydroxide.

Applications
Metallodendrimers are investigated as equivalents to nanoparticles. Applications can be expected in the fields of catalysis, as chemical sensors in molecular recognition - for example of bromine and chloride anions  - or as materials capable of binding metals. Metallodendrimers can also mimic certain biomolecules for example haemoprotein in dendrimer with a porphyrin core. Further uses are reported as electrocatalyst.

Examples of metallodendrimer heterogeneous catalysis are a nickel-containing dendrimer active in the Kharasch addition, palladium-containing dendrimers active in ethylene  polymerization and in the Heck reaction.

References

Organometallic chemistry
Dendrimers
Kharasch addition. The Kharasch addition is an organic reaction and a metal-catalysed free radical addition of CXCl3 compounds (X = Cl, Br, H) to alkenes.  The reaction is used to append trichloromethyl or dichloromethyl groups to terminal alkenes.  The method has attracted considerable interest, but it is of limited value because of narrow substrate scope and demanding conditions.

The reaction mechanism involves free radicals of the general formula CXCl2 (X = Cl, H). For the precursors carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, the requisite radicals can arise by abstraction of a halogen atom by a electropositive metal. The addition proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov fashion. Early work linked the addition to olefin polymerization.  This addition is a step in a protocol known as atom transfer radical polymerization.

An example of Kharasch addition is the synthesis of 1,1,3-trichloro-n-nonane from 1-octene and chloroform using an iron-based catalyst:

History
The reaction was discovered by Morris S. Kharasch in the 1940s.

References

Organic reactions
Free radical reactions
Name reactions
FluoProbes. The FluoProbes series of fluorescent dyes were developed by Interchim to improve performances of standard fluorophores. They are designed for labeling biomolecules, cells, tissues or beads in advanced fluorescent detection techniques.

 FluoProbes dyes are typically used to label proteins or nucleic acids (ultrafast -3 minutes- labeling of antibodies employs Lightning technology). Labeled products can be used for multiparameter detections, life time resolved fluorescence (TRF), polarisation anisotropy fluorescence, FRET, Quenching, FRAP. They are typically used in biotechnology and research applications as fluorescence microscopy, cell biology or molecular biology, as well as infrared imaging. Derivatives with Amine and Carboxyl suit peptide and nucleic acid synthesis, while reactive ones (with succinimidyl, maleimide and hydrazide) suit conjugation by conventional chemistry, while FluoProbes labeled antibodies and cellular probes (i.e. Phalloidin) suit direct use in immunoassays or cell assays.
 FluoProbes dyes that have comparable excitation and emission spectra to standard fluorophores such as fluoresceins, rhodamines, cyanines Cy2/3/5/5.5/7, are claimed to solve limiting issues observed in some applications such as too high background, insufficient polarity, photobleaching, insufficient brightness, or pH-sensitivity. I.e., FluoProbes488 reduces the background in Flow Cytometry and in slide microscopy allowing sharper and brighter images. FluoProbes 488, 547H and 647H are found more photostable  that is taken to good account in applications using long illuminations periods (i.e. scanning such as in confocal microscopy), or for longer shelf-life of reagents (i.e. manufacturing diagnostics).

 The excitation and emission spectra of the FluoProbes series covers much of the visible spectrum up to the infrared region, matching the commonly used light sources and filters.

Similar lines of fluorescent dyes provide an alternative to the FluoProbes Dyes.

References 

Dyes
Fluorescent dyes
Douthitt Strip. Douthitt Strip  is a privately owned, private use airport located one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of El Centro, a city in Imperial County, California, United States.

History
It provided contract glider training to the United States Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1944. Training was provided by Aeronautical Training Center, Inc. It used primarily C-47 Skytrains and Waco CG-4 unpowered gliders. The mission of the school was to train glider pilot students in proficiency in operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight, both day and night, and in servicing gliders in the field.

Facilities and aircraft 
Douthitt Strip has two runways with dirt surfaces: 4/22 is 1,800 by 100 feet (549 x 30 m) and 8/26 is 1,400 by 100 feet (427 x 30 m). There are 23 aircraft based at this airport: 91% single-engine and 9% ultralight.

See also 

 California World War II Army Airfields

References

Other sources 
 
 Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002.  Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas 
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC.

External links 
 Aerial image as of May 2002 from USGS The National Map
 

Airports in Imperial County, California
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in California
USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
USAAF Glider Training Airfields
1942 establishments in California
Airports established in 1942
Grand Forks Municipal Airport. Grand Forks Municipal Airport is a former airport, located within current city limits approximately  west-northwest of central Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was closed shortly after World War II and is now redeveloped as part of the urban area of Grand Forks.

History
Airport provided contract glider training to the United States Army Air Forces, 1942–1944. Training provided by Jolly Flying Service. Used primarily C-47 Skytrains and Waco CG-4 unpowered Gliders. The mission of the school was to train glider pilot students in proficiency in operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight, both day and night, and in servicing of gliders in the field.

Airfield closed after the war and aviation operations moved to the current Grand Forks International Airport location.    Currently only the original terminal building survives and is used by a travel agency.  There are no other remains visible as land was used for expansion of the city of Grand Forks.

See also

 North Dakota World War II Army Airfields
 29th Flying Training Wing (World War II)

References

 Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002.  Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas 
 Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC. 

USAAF Contract Flying School Airfields
USAAF Glider Training Airfields
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Grand Forks, North Dakota