omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Lee Casperson. Lee Wendel Casperson (born 1944) is an American physicist and engineer.

Casperson earned his bachelor of science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966. He then pursued a master of science and doctorate at the California Institute of Technology, graduating in 1971. Casperson subsequently taught at the Portland State University. While at Portland, he was elected a fellow of the IEEE, as well as a fellow of the American Physical Society. He later joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

Selected publications

References

Living people
Fellows of the IEEE
California Institute of Technology alumni
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American engineers
American electrical engineers
Portland State University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
University of North Carolina at Charlotte faculty
1944 births
Robin F. C. Farrow. Robin F. C. Farrow is a crystallographer. Farrow, an employee of IBM at the time, was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1998, "[f]or pioneering the development of molecular beam epitaxy to grow and study epitaxial semiconductors, metastable phases, dielectrics, magnetic elements and alloys."

References

Living people
IBM people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American physicists
American crystallographers
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Place of birth missing (living people)
Jeffrey Bokor. Jeffrey Bokor is an American electrical engineer.

Bokor earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and completed a doctorate in the same field at Stanford University in 1980. He then worked for AT&T Bell Laboratories until joining the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. At Berkeley, Bokor was the National Semiconductor Distinguished Professor of Engineering, and accepted a later appointment as Paul R. Gray Distinguished Professor of Engineering. He served as the Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences department chair between July 2019 and July 2021, after which he was succeeded by Claire Tomlin. Bokor is also affiliated with the Materials Science Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as a senior scientist.

Bokor was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1998, which recognized him "[f]or contributions to laser science, including short-wavelength lasers and non-linear optics, development of time-resolved, two-photon photoemission, and contributions to extreme ultraviolet lithography and sub-micron MOSFET device development." The IEEE awarded him an equivalent honor in 2000, acknowledging Bokor "[f]or contributions to EUV optical lithography and deep-submicron MOSFETs."

References

Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Scientists at Bell Labs
Living people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the IEEE
20th-century American engineers
21st-century American engineers
American electrical engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people
Self-play. Self-play is a technique for improving the performance of reinforcement learning agents. Intuitively, agents learn to improve their performance by playing "against themselves".

Definition and motivation 

In multi-agent reinforcement learning experiments, researchers try to optimize the performance of a learning agent on a given task, in cooperation or competition with one or more agents. These agents learn by trial-and-error, and researchers may choose to have the learning algorithm play the role of two or more of the different agents. When successfully executed, this technique has a double advantage:

 It provides a straightforward way to determine the actions of the other agents, resulting in a meaningful challenge.
 It increases the amount of experience that can be used to improve the policy, by a factor of two or more, since the viewpoints of each of the different agents can be used for learning.
Czarnecki et al argue that most of the games that people play for fun are "Games of Skill", meaning games whose space of all possible strategies looks like a spinning top. In more detail, we can partition the space of strategies into sets , such that any , the strategy  beats the strategy . Then, in population-based self-play, if the population is larger than , then the algorithm would converge to the best possible strategy.

Usage 

Self-play is used by the AlphaZero program to improve its performance in the games of chess, shogi and go.

Self-play is also used to train the Cicero AI system to outperform humans at the game of Diplomacy. The technique is also used in training the DeepNash system to play the game Stratego.

Connections to other disciplines 

Self-play has been compared to the epistemological concept of tabula rasa that describes the way that humans acquire knowledge from a "blank slate".

Further reading

References

Reinforcement learning
Machine learning algorithms
IBTE Sultan Bolkiah Campus. IBTE Sultan Bolkiah Campus (, Abbrev: ), formerly known as Sultan Bolkiah Vocational School (, Abbrev: ), is a campus of the Institute of Brunei Technical Education (IBTE), a post-secondary vocational institution in Brunei. It is located in Seria, Belait District. The institution offers vocational courses in the fields of welding and fabrication.

History 
IBTE Sultan Bolkiah Campus became operational in 1996 with the name  (Sultan Bolkiah Vocational School) as an independent government technical college, overseen by the then Department of Technical Education under the Ministry of Education. In 2014, it was subsumed under, and made a campus of, , the umbrella institution which effectively replaced the department. The campus acquired its present name two years later. On 24 November 2015, students from the campus hosted a Basic Business Research Module (FBS) Clean Project at Lumut Beach, in which was part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) assessment. 

On 9 October 2017, students from the Chung Ching Middle School visited the campus, and later on the 26th a visit was hosted by the Air Engineering Unit, Technical Equipment Maintenance Division (TEMD) and the Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAF) to the Rimba Air Force Base. From 30 until 31 October 2018, a Market Day was held within the campus. A financial roadshow was hosted by TAKAFUL Brunei Keluarga Sdn Bhd (TBK)  at the Sayyidina Ali Secondary School (SMSA), in which students from SCB and IBTE Jefri Bolkiah Campus attended. The Department of Administration and Services at the Ministry of Education (MoE) visited the campus on 30 November 2019. 

Another beach cleaning campaign was carried out by the students of the campus at the Liang Lumut Recreational Club, Lumut on 28 August 2020. A collaboration with Green Brunei and Mitsubishi Corporation was made on 31 January 2022 with a tree planting campaign which consisted of 22 donated saplings was carried throughout the campus.

Academics 
The Sultan Bolkiah Campus houses three of IBTE's schools, namely the School of Engineering and Satellites, School of Information and Communication Technology, and School of Information and School of Business. The schools offer programmes in the fields of engineering and information and communications technology, leading up to Diploma, Higher National Technical Education Certificate (HNTec) and National Technical Education Certificate (NTec).

References

External links
 Institute of Brunei Technical Education

Sultan Bolkiah Campus
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in Brunei
Buildings and structures in Seria
AWS 2 Radar. AWS 2 is a naval and ground radar used for surface warning and air and surface target indication. It was developed in 1957 by the United Kingdom and was primarily designed for installation of destroyer, frigate and corvette but also can be used for installation in the ground.

References 

British inventions
Military radars of the United Kingdom
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
Naval radars
Ground radars
Royal Navy Radar
Spanish destroyer Audaz (1951). Audaz was a Spanish destroyer of the class of the same name that was built after the Second World War. Audaz was launched in 1951 and completed in 1953. The ship was modified to an anti-submarine escort in the 1960s, and was stricken in 1974.

Design
The Audaz class was based on the French  design, plans for which had been provided to Spain by Nazi Germany after the Fall of France, but with a revised armament.

Audaz, as built, was  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of . Displacement was  standard and  full load.  The ship had a unit machinery layout, with boiler and engine rooms alternating.  Three La Siene 3-drum boilers generated steam at  and  which was fed to Rateau-Bretagne geared steam turbines, rated at  giving a speed of . 290 tons of oil were carried, giving a range of  at a speed of  and  at 33 knots. Audaz was armed with three  dual-purpose guns, all mounted aft, with four  anti-aircraft guns (one of which was mounted forward of the ship's bridge) and eight  anti-aircraft guns. Six  torpedo tubes in two triple mounts were fitted. The ship had a complement of 145 men.

In 1960–61 Audaz was refitted to serve as an anti-submarine escort. Anti-aircraft armament consisted of two US  Mark 34 guns mounted aft and two  Bofors L/70 guns, with one forward of the bridge and one aft of the ship's funnels. Two Hedgehog anti-submarine mortars were fitted, together with eight depth-charge throwers and two depth charge racks, and two launchers for  Mark 32 anti-submarine torpedoes. Sensors consisted of MLA-1B air-search radar, SPS-5B surface search radar and SPG-34 fire control radar, with QHBa sonar. Displacement increased to  standard and  full load while speed dropped to . The modified ship had a complement of 191.

Construction and service
Audaz was laid down at Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval, Ferrol shipyard on 26 September 1945. Financial problems slowed construction, and she was not launched until 24 January 1951. Audaz underwent successful sea trials between 5 and 6 September 1952 off Ferrol. Audaz entered service on 30 June 1953, joining the 31st Escort Squadron, based at Ferrol.

In February 1955, Audaz took part in a training cruise to Barcelona in company with the cruiser  and the destroyers , , , ,  and  under the command of Vice-admiral Felipe de Abarzazu y Oliva.

Audaz completed modification to an anti-submarine escort with American armament and equipment on 28 June 1961, while that year, she was allocated the Pennant number D31. Audaz took part in the anti-submarine exercise "Hispania I" in November–December 1964, which took place in the Gulf of Cadiz, the Straits of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea, with the task force co-operating with US Navy Neptune anti-submarine aircraft operating out of Rota. Audaz suffered a radar failure during the exercise, and had to use spare parts from the destroyer  to repair her systems.

After the loss of sister-ship  in 1966, the 31st Flotilla, including Audaz, transferred to Cartagena. Audaz was stricken on 9 September 1974.

Notes

Citations

References

 

Audaz
Audaz
Audaz
Neodymium(III) vanadate. Neodymium(III) vanadate is an inorganic compound, a salt of neodymium and vanadic acid with the chemical formula of NdVO4. It forms pale-blue, hydrated crystals.

Preparation 
Neodymium(III) vanadate is produced by the reaction of hot acidic neodymium(III) chloride and sodium vanadate:

Physical properties 
Neodymium(III) vanadate forms crystals of the tetragonal crystal system, space group I 41/amd, lattice constants a = 0.736 nm, b = 0.736 nm, c = 0.6471 nm, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, Z = 4.

It doesn't dissolve in water.

It can form hydrates.

Applications 
Neodymium(III) vanadate can be used for:

 Phosphorus crystallisation.
 Laser material.

References

External reading 

 Новые возможности кристаллов ванадатов с неодимом как активных сред лазеров с диодной накачкой

Neodymium(III) compounds
Vanadates
List of vessels of the Bombay Marine (1798). The vessels below were listed in 1798 as serving the Bombay Marine, the naval arm of the British East India Company (EIC). The list of names and armaments comes from the Bombay Almanack and Register for 1798. Most of the vessels, especially the ones for which we have a burthen, were built for the EIC at the Bombay Dockyard.

Citations

References
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ships of the British East India Company
Naval history of India
Bombay Marine
1798
Spanish destroyer Ariete (1955). Ariete was a Spanish . Ariete was launched in 1955 and completed in 1961. The ship was lost when she ran aground on 25 February 1966.

Design
The Audaz class was based on the French  design, plans for which had been provided to Spain by Nazi Germany after the Fall of France, but with a revised armament. Ariete was modified during construction to a revised design as anti-submarine escorts, with a completely new armament and sensor outfit.

Audaz, as built, was  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of .  Displacement was  standard and  full load. The ship had a unit machinery layout, with boiler and engine rooms alternating.  Three La Siene 3-drum boilers generated steam at  and  which was fed to Rateau-Bretagne geared steam turbines, rated at , giving a speed of . The ship had a complement of 191.

Anti-aircraft armament consisted of two US  Mark 34 guns mounted aft and two  Bofors L/70 guns, with one forward of the bridge and one aft of the ship's funnels. Two Hedgehog anti-submarine mortars were fitted, together with eight depth-charge throwers and two depth charge racks, and two launchers for  Mark 32 anti-submarine torpedoes. Sensors consisted of MLA-1B air-search radar, SPS-5B surface search radar and SPG-34 fire control radar, with QHBa sonar.

Construction and service
Ariete was laid down at Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval's, Ferrol shipyard on 3 August 1945. Financial problems slowed construction, and she was not launched until 24 February 1955. The availability of US Aid under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program allowed Ariete to be completed to a modified design as an anti-submarine frigate, and Ariete entered service on 7 February 1961, with the pennant number D 36. As with all the ships of her class, Ariete joined the 31st Escort Squadron, based at Ferrol. On 25 February 1966, Ariete ran aground off the coast of Galicia after an engine failure and was wrecked, with the ship's hull breaking up.

Notes

Citations

References

Ariete
Ariete
Ariete
F-24 Sport Cruiser. The F-24 Sport Cruiser is an American trailerable trimaran that was designed by Ian Farrier as a cruising version of the Farrier F-24. It was first built in 1991.

Based on the larger F-27 Sport Cruiser, the F-24 Sport Cruiser design was developed into the Corsair 24 Mark II, also called the F-24 Mark II in 1994.

Production
The design was built by Corsair Marine in the United States, from 1991 to 1994, but it is now out of production.

Design
The F-24 Sport Cruiser is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of vacuum bag molded fiberglass, Kevlar, carbon fiber over a foam core. It has a fractional sloop rig with a rotating mast. The hull and outriggers have nearly plumb stems and reverse transoms. The hull has an open transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable daggerboard. It displaces  and carries no ballast.

The beam is  with the outriggers deployed and  them folded.

The boat has a draft of  with the daggerboard extended and  with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water, beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

The design has sleeping accommodation for two adults and two children. The galley is equipped with a stove and a sink. A head is also provided.

The design has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Trimarans
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Ian Farrier
Sailboat types built by Corsair Marine
Matthew Helmers. Matthew Justin Helmers is an American engineer.

Helmers earned his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Iowa State University and pursued master's level study in the same field at Virginia Tech, which he completed in 1997. He then obtained a doctorate in agricultural engineering from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 2003, and returned to Iowa State as a faculty member. At ISU, Helmers holds the Dean's Professorship in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

References

21st-century American engineers
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Living people
Virginia Tech alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American civil engineers
20th-century American engineers
Iowa State University faculty
Iowa State University alumni
Agricultural engineers
Jubilee Bridge, Singapore. Jubilee Bridge is a pedestrian bridge spanning the Singapore River, connecting Merlion Park and The Esplanade. The construction of the bridge was suggested by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew It was opened ahead of schedule due to his death.

History
In 2004, while visiting Marina Bay, then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew realised that pedestrians had to walk to Esplanade Bridge to cross the Singapore River, which he believed to be too narrow. Due to this, Jubilee Bridge was designed to run along Esplanade Bridge at a lower and more pedestrian-friendly level. Plans for the bridge were first announced in 2009, and construction began in 2012. The bridge cost $17.7 million and 28 months to build. The bridge was to open in April 2015, but it was unofficially opened on 29 March following the death of Lee Kuan Yew  as a final farewell. The bridge was opened by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong as part of the Golden Jubilee Celebrations in 2015. 

The bridge was included in the New Paper Big Walk in 2015.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Singapore
2015 establishments in Singapore
Bridges in Singapore
Datarails. Datarails (Hebrew: דאטה ריילס) is an Israeli-based multinational software development company. It is a financial planning and analysis (FP&A) plug-in for Microsoft Excel users.

History

Datarails was founded in 2015 by Didi Gurfinkel (CEO), Eyal Cohen (COO) and Oded Har-Tal (CTO). It is based in Tel Aviv. 

In June 2021, the company had raised US$55 million in Series A funding from investors Zeev Ventures, Vertex Ventures, Innovation Endeavors, and Vintage Investment Partners. It completed its Series B in March 2022 and raised another $50 million from Qumra Capital, La Maison Partners, and Claltech.

In December 2022 the Datarails laid off 18% of its team.

Product and services

The software is one of many FP&A solutions. It automates data consolidation and financial reporting and provides workflows, templates, and data visualization that facilitate budgeting, forecasting, scenario modeling and financial analysis.

Controversy
The company has been accused of numerous unethical marketing tactics. In August of 2024 BBB National Programs’ National Advertising Division recommended that Datarails, Inc. clearly and conspicuously disclose its material connection to The Finance Weekly website where endorsement, rankings, and reviews appear.

As of January 2025, the company has still failed to disclose their connection to The Finance Weekly and has started a similar website called Best CFO Tools.

References

Technology companies of Israel
Israeli companies established in 2015
Financial technology companies
Companies established in the 20th century
Snow plow routing problem. The snow plow routing problem is an application of the structure of Arc Routing Problems (ARPs) and Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs)  to snow removal that considers roads as edges of a graph. 

The problem is a simple routing problem when the arrival times are not specified. Snow plow problems consider constraints such as the cost of plowing downhill compared to plowing uphill. The Mixed Chinese Postman Problem is applicable to snow routes where directed edges represent one-way streets and undirected edges represent two-way streets.

Background 
The routing and scheduling of snow removal vehicles is an important topic for transportation planners and operation researchers This set of problems is part of a larger field of problems referred to as Arc Routing Problems, which is a subset of a larger field named Vehicle Routing Problems. Vehicle routing and scheduling include snow removal, a postman delivering the mail, meter reading to collect money for the city, school bus routing, garbage waste and refuse collection, and street maintenance.

Context 
The snow removal problem is to clear a set roads in a minimum amount of time. The problem of snow vehicle routing incorporates higher salaries for vehicle drivers and high fuel costs and high costs of purchasing and maintaining snow vehicles. In the public sector, the objective is less often minimizing cost and more often maximizing safety and convenience, for example by reducing the number of left turns on major roads which are hazardous for vehicles to make.

References 

Snow removal
Combinatorial optimization
Vanessa Wood. Vanessa Claire Wood (born 25 February 1983) is an American engineer who is a professor at the ETH Zurich. She holds a chair in Materials and Device Engineering and serves as Vice President of Knowledge Transfer and Corporate Relations.

Early life and education 
Wood earned her bachelor's degree in physics at Yale University. She moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her graduate studies, where studied electrical engineering. She remained at MIT for graduate research, where she researched quantum dots in metal oxide structures with Vladimir Bulimic. Her research developed strategies to integrate colloidal quantum dots in optoelectronic devices. She created three light-emitting diodes where air-stable metal oxides were used to surround the quantum dot active layers. This can improve the shelf-life and luminance of the light-emitting diodes. She also demonstrated the world's first inorganic quantum dot displays incorporating metal oxide charge transport layers. After earning her doctorate, she worked for a short while as a postdoctoral research with Yet-Ming Chiang. She focused on lithium-ion battery flow cells.

Research and career 
In 2011, Wood joined the faculty at ETH Zurich. Her research considered lithium-ion batteries, and how electrode microstructure impacts battery efficiency. She created a new analytical method which can be used to monitor battery electrodes during the manufacturing process. She was awarded a European Research Council starting grant to develop quantitative metrologie to guide lithium-ion battery manufacturing.

Wood founded the spin-off company Battrion in 2015. Battrion looks to improve charging speed of high energy density lithium ion cells through the development of innovative fabrication strategies. She was made full Professor in 2019.

In 2021, Wood was made the Vice President for Knowledge Transfer and Corporate Relations at ETH Zurich. She was appointed Meeting Chair of the Materials Research Society 2022 Spring Meeting.

Awards and honors 
 2014 BASF Science Prize in Electrochemistry
 2018 MRS Outstanding Early-Career Investigator Award

Selected publications

References 

1983 births
Living people
Yale College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American engineers
American women scientists
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Materials scientists and engineers
Hugh Baird. Hugh Baird may refer to:

 Hugh Baird (cricketer) (1911–1965), Australian cricketer (Victoria)
 Hugh Baird (engineer) (1770–1827), Scottish civil engineer
 Hugh Baird (footballer) (1930–2006), Scottish footballer (Airdrieonians, Leeds United, Aberdeen FC, national team)

See also
 Hugh Baird College, Merseyside, England