omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Vanderbilt exoskeleton. The Vanderbilt exoskeleton, marketed as Indego, is a powered exoskeleton designed by the Center for Intelligent Mechatronics at Vanderbilt University in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is intended to assist paraplegics, stroke victims and other paralyzed or semi-paralyzed people to walk independently. Motion and control technologies manufacturer Parker Hannifin is funding further development, and plans to release the first commercial version of the exoskeleton in 2015.

Rationale
In 2012, there were estimated to be over 270,000 Americans with long-term spinal cord injuries, of whom around 21 percent suffer from complete paraplegia. The lifetime cost of care and lost productivity for each paraplegic ranges from US$1.4 million to $2.2 million. However, since the late 2000s, robotics and battery technology have become sufficiently advanced to make wearable walking assistance devices viable.

Design
The Vanderbilt exoskeleton weighs  and can support users weighing up to . It is strapped to the user's legs, and uses an onboard computer to detect the user's movements, which are then supported and amplified by battery-powered motors in the exoskeleton's hip and knee joints. It also uses functional electrical stimulation to enervate the muscles of paralyzed patients, improving their strength and circulation, and can be quickly disassembled for removal. It can be used interchangeably with a wheelchair, and can be donned without assistance, allowing disabled individuals significantly greater independence. It is compact enough for a person to sit in a normal chair without needing to remove the exoskeleton.

Development
Vanderbilt University began testing its exoskeleton with paraplegics and medical experts at a rehabilitation center in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2010. In October 2012, Parker Hannifin signed an exclusive licensing agreement with Vanderbilt University for the right to develop and manufacture a commercial version of the exoskeleton, which it plans to release under the name Indego. Whereas current commercial exoskeletons can cost as much as $140,000, Parker Hannifin hopes to exploit its manufacturing capabilities and the Vanderbilt model's lightweight design to ensure that the Indego is significantly cheaper. In March 2014, Parker Hannifin entered into clinical trial agreements for the exoskeleton with several major medical rehabilitation centres. In December 2014, Parker Hannifin invested in Freedom Innovations, a California-based prosthetic technology company with which it had a pre-existing partnership, to further the development of Indego. Following regulatory approval, Parker Hannifin plans to release Indego in Europe in 2015 and in the United States in 2016.

See also

Ekso Bionics
Hybrid Assistive Limb
ReWalk

References

External links
Center for Intelligent Mechatronics
Indego Exoskeleton via Parker Hannifin website
2012 YouTube video of the exoskeleton in action

Assistive technology
Mobility devices
Robotic exoskeletons
Vanderbilt University
American inventions
2012 robots
Fluctuat. Fluctuat has been developed by Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives since 2001. Fluctuat enables the  static analysis of C and Ada programs, with a special focus on floating-point operations.

Theoretical background 
Fluctuat is a static analyser, based on abstract interpretation. Compared to similar tools like Polyspace or Astrée, it relies on zonotopes as an abstract domain. It means that the value of each program variable is abstracted by a linear expression over noise symbols (internal variables that range in [-1,1]).

Let us now consider the following program:
x=[0,1];
y = 2*x+1;
z = x * y;

The first line means that the value of x can be anything in [0,1]. It can be written as x= 0.5 + 0.5*ε, where ε is a noise symbol. The second line implies that y= 2 + ε; since x and y share the same noise symbol, this abstract domain is relational. When there are non-linear operations, like in the third line, new noise symbols are introduced. The accurate symbolic expression would be z=1+1.5*ε + 0.5*ε*ε, but we abstract it as z=1.25+1.5ε+0.25η.

Features 
Fluctuat's features include: 
 static analysis of C and Ada programs.
 sensitivity analysis of program variables.
 worst-case generation.
 interactive analysis.
 analysis of hybrid systems

See also 

 Static code analysis
 Abstract interpretation
 List of tools for static code analysis

References

External links 
 

Formal methods tools
Software testing tools
Static program analysis tools
Bedford OY. The Bedford OY is an army lorry (truck) built by Bedford for the British Armed Forces and introduced in 1939. It was based on Bedford's O-series commercial vehicles with a modified front end and single rear tyres. It was designed for a 3-ton payload. The OYD was a general service vehicle, while the OYC was a tanker version for carrying water or petrol. These vehicles were widely used during, and after, World War II but were later superseded by the Bedford RL.

Technical data
 Engine: Bedford 6-cylinder, type WD, 3,519 cc (214 cubic inches) displacement, liquid cooled
 Horsepower: 72 at 3,000 rpm
 Transmission: 4-speed manual
 Transfer box: None
 Electrical system: 12 volt
 Brakes: Hydraulic with vacuum servo assistance
 Tyres: 10.50 - 16
 Fuel type: Petrol
 Fuel capacity: 145 litres (32 gallons)
 Range: 450 km (280 miles)
 Maximum speed: about 65 km/h (40 mph)

Variants
OYD - general service 
OYC - tanker

Derived non-military vehicles using OY and OX chassis
OWS - 5-ton short wheelbase
OWL - 5-ton  long wheelbase 
OWB  - 32 seat bus

Bedford OX

The OX was a short-wheelbase version of the OY, designed for a 30 cwt (1.5 ton) payload. It had a semi-forward cab that resembled the 15-cwt Bedford MW.

The OXD was a general service vehicle with a  by  by  tall body, while the OXC was designed, in association with Scammell, for use with a semi-trailer. 

In the early part of the war, the addition of an armoured body to the OXD gave the Bedford OXA (official designation "Lorry 30cwt Anti-Tank"). These were used for home defence.

Notes

References

External links 
Bedford OYC walkaround

OY
World War II vehicles of the United Kingdom
Military trucks of the United Kingdom
Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s
Tensor Contraction Engine. The Tensor Contraction Engine (TCE) is a compiler for a domain-specific language that allows chemists to specify the computation in a high-level Mathematica-style language. It transforms tensor summation expressions to low-level code (C/Fortran) for specific hardware being mindful of memory availability, communication costs, loop fusion and ordering, etc. It is used primarily in computational chemistry.

References

 TCE Homepage
 Synthesis of High-Performance Parallel Programs for a Class of Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry Models

Computational chemistry
tensors
Service-Oriented Localisation Architecture Solution. The Service-Oriented Localisation Architecture Solution (SOLAS) , enables the global conversation in communities and is an open source project of The Rosetta Foundation.

History 
SOLAS was conceived at The Rosetta Foundation Design Fest in San Francisco, 5–6 February 2011.
The original design was further developed as an open translation and localisation space at the Localisation Research Centre (LRC) at the University of Limerick (UL) in Ireland, part-financed by the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL), a Centre for Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), the Irish Governments research funding agency, and industry partners.
A YouTube video was published on 18 February 2011.
SOLAS was demonstrated at the AGIS (Action for Global Information Sharing) event in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in December 2011.

ORM design principles
The SOLAS Design is based on the ORM Design Principles: O-pen (easy to join and to participate), R-ight (serve the right task to the right volunteer), and M-inimalistic (crisp, clear, uncluttered). SOLAS consists of SOLAS Match (matching projects and volunteers) and SOLAS Productivity (as suite of translation productivity tools and language resources). The ORM Design Principles guiding the design of SOLAS were introduced by Reinhard Schäler, Director LRC at the University of Limerick, Ireland, at the LRC XVII – Social Localisation event and at TM-Europe (Warsaw, 4–5 October 2012).

Open source and open standards
SOLAS Match has been released under an open source GPL license and can be downloaded from the SOLAS web page. SOLAS has implemented open standards developed by the localisation community in OASIS (XLIFF) and the W3C (ITS).

SOLAS architecture
SOLAS is made up of SOLAS Match and SOLAS Productivity.

SOLAS Match
SOLAS Match is an open translation and localisation space that allow individuals with translation skills to find and download translation tasks in an intuitive and extremely user-friendly way; it also allows communities with translation requirements to upload translation tasks.
SOLAS Match has been used by The Rosetta Foundation very successfully in a number of pilot projects.

SOLAS Productivity
SOLAS Productivity supports the work of individuals working on translation tasks by offering them an easy to use translation environment and access to language and linguistic resources. SOLAS Productivity currently consists of six components, all sharing an XLIFF-based common data layer:
 Workflow Recommender (workflow optimisation)
 Localisation Knowledge Repository (source language checking)
 XLIFF Phoenix (re-use of metadata)
 MT-Mapper (identification of suitable MT engine)
 LocConnect (orchestration of components)

People

Contributors 
At the University of Limerick:

 Asanka Wasala
 Aram Morera Mesa
 Chris Exton
 Jim Buckley
 J.J. Collins
 Lucia Morado
 Naoto Nishio
 Reinhard Schäler
 Solomon Gizaw

References

External links 
 SOLAS download

Non-profit technology
Software using the GNU General Public License
Church (programming language). Church refers to both a family of  LISP-like probabilistic programming languages for specifying arbitrary probabilistic programs, as well as a set of algorithms for performing probabilistic inference in the generative models those programs define. Church was originally developed at MIT, primarily in the computational cognitive science group, run by Joshua Tenenbaum. Several different inference algorithms and concrete languages are in existence, including Bher, MIT-Church, Cosh, Venture, and Anglican.

References

Nondeterministic programming languages
Probabilistic software
CVV 7 Pinocchio. The CVV 7 Pinocchio was a single seat competition glider designed and built in Italy, first flown in 1952 though designed in 1940.  Only one was built.

Design and development
The Pinocchio was designed at the Centro Volo a Vela (CVV), or Experimental Soaring Centre, of the Royal Polytechnic of Milan by Gildo Preti in 1940 and its construction was started but then interrupted by World War II. In 1946 students began its completion, though it was not finished until 1951 and first flew in April 1952 at Linate, piloted by Riccardo Brigliadori.

For an all wood aircraft the Pinocchio had a high aspect ratio wing, cantilevered, straight tapered on both edges and with semi-elliptical tips. This was built around a single spar with a plywood skinned D-box ahead of it and fabric covering behind. Ailerons reached from the tips to about half span and inboard of them there were airbrakes, mounted at mid-chord, which extended above and below the wings.

The Pinocchio was a high wing aircraft, with the wing mounted on top of the rear fuselage. This was slender, circular in cross section and plywood skinned.  The cockpit, with a frameless canopy, was placed immediately ahead of the wing leading edge, its top level with the wing's upper surface. Without a landing skid, the Pinocchio landed on a retractable, sprung monowheel and tail bumper.  Its horizontal tail was mounted on top of the fuselage, far enough forward to place the trailing edges of the fabric covered elevators at the rudder hinge. The fin was straight edged and small but the rudder was full, curved and balanced.

Only one Pinocchio was built.

Specifications

References

1950s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1952
RV Neil Armstrong. RV Neil Armstrong (AGOR-27) is the designation for a new oceanographic research ship, first of the s, to be owned by the United States Navy and operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced on September 24, 2012, that the research vessel was to be named after Neil Armstrong, the first person to walk on the Moon and a former naval aviator who served in the Korean War.

The ship was ordered in May 2010 as a replacement for , operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution since 1970. The ship was constructed by Dakota Creek Industries of Anacortes, Washington and scheduled for completion in 2014 for entry into service in 2015.

It was launched on 29 March 2014, christened by Carol Armstrong, passed sea trials 7 August 2015 and delivered to the Navy on 23 September 2015.  A sister ship, , was launched 9 August 2014 to be operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography under a renewable charter-party agreement.

Construction
Neil Armstrong is a commercially designed mono hull research vessel, capable of coastal and deep ocean oceanography operations, and equipped with cranes and winches for over-the-side loading of research equipment and supplies, as well as accommodations for twenty-four scientists. The ship is powered by a multi-drive low-voltage diesel electric propulsion system for efficiency and lower maintenance and fuel costs. Both Neil Armstrong-class ships have state of the art oceanographic equipment allowing deep ocean mapping and information technology for ship monitoring and worldwide land-based communication.

Labs
Neil Armstrong has more than 130 square meters of adjustable lab space, supplied by a flash evaporation desalination system.

See also 
  - Sister Ship
 Oscar Dyson class fisheries research ship - Parent design from which the Neil Armstrong class was derived.
 RV Knorr - Predecessor to the Neil Armstrong
 RRS James Cook - British equivalent
 RRS Charles Darwin - Predecessor to the James Cook

References 

2014 ships
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Neil Armstrong-class oceanographic research ships
RV
Ships built in Anacortes, Washington
CVV 8 Bonaventura. The CVV 8 Bonaventura () was a two-seat competition glider designed and built in Italy during the 1950s. Fifteen were produced.

Design and development
The Bonaventura was designed at the Centro Volo a Vela (CVV), or Experimental Soaring Centre, of the Royal Polytechnic of Milan by Gildo Preti; though construction was started in 1952, the prototype was not completed until 1957.  The first flight took place on 14 December that year. It was named after the fortunate eponymous protagonist of an Italian children's comic strip, Signor Bonaventura.

The Bonaventura is an all wood aircraft with a 19 m (62 ft 4 in) span, shoulder mounted wing, built around a single spar.  Its airfoil section is from the NACA laminar flow 6-series. Ahead of the spar, the wing is skinned with plywood laid with its grain at 45° to the centre line for strength; this goes around the nose of the wing, forming a torsion resisting D-box.  Behind the spar the wing is fabric covered. The plan is essentially double straight tapered, though a short centre section has a leading edge normal to the fuselage centre line, and a trailing edge slightly more forward sweep than outboard.  Long, narrow chord ailerons occupy about half the span; airbrakes are placed immediately inboard of the ailerons at mid-chord.  These consist of seven rotating blades on each side which project both above and below the wing when deployed, counter-rotating away on chord-wise axes.

The fuselage is a ply shell, ovoid in cross section and built around a series of frames and stringers. The tandem seats are enclosed ahead of the wing leading edge under a starboard hinged, continuous canopy. The Bonaventura has no wheeled undercarriage, but took off from a wheeled, drop-off dolly and landed on a simple, rubber sprung skid extending from nose to mid chord, aided by a sprung tail skid.  The fuselage becomes slim towards the tail, where the double straight tapered horizontal tail is mounted on top of it, far enough forward that its trailing edge is at the rudder hinge.  The  elevators are fabric covered and the starboard one carries a trim tab. Fin and rudder are also straight tapered and the tall, fabric covered, unbalanced rudder reaches down to the keel.

Operational history
Two  Bonaventura prototypes were built by CVV, followed by a short production run of thirteen from Avionautica Rio.  These went to Italian gliding clubs.  Three Bonaventuras survive in museum collections, though none were on public display in 2010.

Specifications

References

External links
NACA 653618 airfoil

1950s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1957
CCIR System H. CCIR System H is an analog broadcast television system used in Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Malta, Slovenia and Liberia on UHF bands, paired with System B on VHF. It was associated with PAL colour.

Specifications 
Some of the important specs are listed below.

 Frame rate: 25 Hz
 Interlace: 2/1
 Field rate: 50 Hz
 Lines/frame: 625
 Line rate: 15.625 kHz
 Visual bandwidth: 5 MHz
 Vision modulation: AC3 negative
 Preemphasis: 50 μs
 Sound modulation: F3
 Sound offset: 5.5 MHz
 Channel bandwidth: 8 MHz

A frame is the total picture. The frame rate is the number of pictures displayed in one second. But each frame is actually scanned twice interleaving odd and even lines. Each scan is known as a field (odd and even fields.) So field rate is twice the frame rate. In each frame there are 625 lines (or 312.5 lines in a field.) So line rate (line frequency) is 625 times the frame frequency or 625•25=15625 Hz.

The RF parameters of the transmitted signal are almost the same as those for System B which is used on the 7.0 MHz wide channels of the VHF bands. The only difference to the RF spectrum of the signal is that the vestigial sideband is 500 kHz wider at 1.25 MHz. Due to this and the extra width of the channel allocations at UHF, the width of the guard band between the channels is 650 kHz (assuming the worst case which is when NICAM sound is in use).

System G 

Many countries use a variant of system H which is known as System G. System G is similar to system H but the lower (vestigial) side band is 500 kHz narrower. This makes poor use of the 8.0 MHz channels of the UHF bands by merely increasing the width of the guard-band by 500 kHz to 1.15 MHz. The advantage(?) is that the RF spectrum of system G (on UHF) is the same as system B (on VHF), simplifying the band-switching circuitry in VHF/UHF televisions.

See also 
 Broadcast television systems
 Television transmitter
 Transposer

Notes and references

External links 
 World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms
 Fernsehnormen aller Staaten und Gebiete der Welt

ITU-R recommendations
Television technology
Video formats
Broadcast engineering
CCIR System
Twine (device). Twine is a stand-alone device that uses sensors to detect parts of its environment and that connects to a Wi-Fi network to communicate. Rules loaded into the Twine can test for sensor conditions and, based on logic, send messages through email or SMS, make an HTTP request, or light a LED. It can act as a data logger.

The device was created by Supermechanical in the US from funding raised on Kickstarter. Their original goal was for $35,000 yet they raised $556,541 from 3,966 backers on January 3, 2012. The product successfully shipped in November 2012. As of April 5, 2016, Supermechanical no longer manufactures Twine.

References

External links

Kickstarter-funded products
Home automation
Measuring instruments
Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik. Ferdinand Steck Maschinenfabrik AG is a Swiss manufacturer of specialist road building and railway equipment. The company is based at Bowil in the canton of Bern.

The company was founded in 1938 at Langnau im Emmental by Ferdinand Steck, who had previously worked as a railway mechanic and a road roller driver, in order to build his new design of road roller. The company moved to Bowil in 1960. In 1975 the company diversified into building specialist railway vehicles, including diesel locomotives for rack railways, such as the Brienz Rothorn Railway, the Furka Oberalp Railway and the Berner Oberland Railway.

References

External links 
 
 Company web site

Truck manufacturers of Switzerland
Rolling stock manufacturers of Switzerland
Companies based in the canton of Bern
Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. Applied Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering is an advanced branch of engineering which deals with the application of existing or known scientific knowledge in electronics, instrumentation, measurements and control for any process, practical calibration of instruments, automation of processes etc. It is a combination of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. This branch is an industry-oriented engineering branch which needs more knowledge and experience in industrial applications to excel in a career.  The course has been introduced in many universities across India. Many universities have different variants of courses like Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Instrumentation Engineering etc.

Apart from covering core subjects such as Industrial Instrumentation, Measurements, Sensors & Transducers, Process Control, Bio-Medical Instrumentation and Robotics, students deal with software and hardware topics such as Microprocessor and Microcontroller-based instrumentation, VLSI and Embedded System designs, pSPICE, Computer Architecture and organization, Virtual Instrumentation (LabVIEW), Industrial Automation (PLC, SCADA etc.) and computer control of processes. Computer languages such as C and C++ are also part of the curriculum.

References

Engineering education in India
Journal of Forecasting. The Journal of Forecasting is a peer-reviewed academic journal published eight times per year by John Wiley & Sons. The journal was established in 1982 and covers all aspects of forecasting, including subject areas such as statistics, economics, psychology, systems engineering, and social sciences.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.4.

References

External links 
 

Wiley (publisher) academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1982
Business and management journals
Sanstroem Friendship 3. The Friendship 3 is a French ultralight aircraft with tandem seats, engineered in France and Switzerland, and assembled in Czech Republic by Ivanov Aircraft for the manufacturer, R,S & Associes SAS Erik Sanstroem of Versailles, Yvelines. Inspired by 1950s and 1960s light aircraft and motorgliders, the Friendship 3 is a two-place tandem-seat ultralight aircraft with dual controls, so that the rear seated passenger can also fly.

The company seems to have been founded 2012 and gone out of business in 2014.

Design and development
The Friendship 3 was designed for both soaring and cross-country powered flying, with a glide ratio of 24:1. The Friendship F3A has a composite fuselage; and wood and fabric for the wings with the main spars in carbon fiber. The aircraft was registered in France in late 2012.

Variants
Friendship 3 
F3A: Available with 80 hp Rotax 912 engine. 
F3B: Available with 100 hp Rotax 912 engine.

Specifications (Friendship F3A)

References

External links

 Official website
 Vol Moteur Magazine Flying Test of Friendship F3
 Volo Sportivo VS 28 Impressioni di volo Friendship F3

1990s Czech and Czechoslovak ultralight aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Motor gliders
Aircraft first flown in 2012