omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SureSmile. SureSmile is a type of customized orthodontic arch wires used by orthodontists to straighten teeth.  The technique utilizes 3-D imaging, treatment planning software and a robot to create the wires. The technique is reported to decrease the time required to complete orthodontic treatment by 34% and increase the precision of the results.

Design 
The orthodontist uses digital images of a patient's mouth and teeth from either a white light scanner or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The software takes the teeth and individually aligns them to the proper position.

Once the orthodontist has virtually designed the smile and bite, the SureSmile software plans a route for moving the teeth into the proper place and sends this information to a robot that bends and shapes the wires to the patient's configurations. The customized wire is then sent back to the orthodontist to be placed on the patient.

Lingual braces 
SureSmile has a lingual or behind teeth braces option called SureSmile QT. With lingual braces, brackets are adhered to the underside of the teeth on the top arch, bottom arch or both arches.  Most patients choose lingual braces for aesthetic reasons, as they cannot be seen. Orthodontists that offer lingual braces will often suggest putting lingual braces on the upper teeth and clear ceramic braces on the bottom though patients can choose to have lingual braces on both arches.

History 
The SureSmile technology was developed and is owned by OraMetrix, a company founded in 1998 by Friedrich (Fritz) Riemeier  and Dr. Rohit Sachdeva, through the merger of two medical technology companies, one U.S. based and the other, German. The company was launched globally in 1999 with the help of a $150,000 investment from STARTech Early Ventures LLC.  Other key investors include Brentwood Venture Capital, CenterPoint Ventures, Rho Ventures and STAR Ventures. 
 
The SureSmile System received 510(k) marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2000.  In 2003, OraMetrix relocated its U.S. corporate headquarters from Dallas to a larger, 25,000-square-foot facility in Richardson, Texas.

References

External links 
 SureSmile website
 Orametrix website

Orthodontic appliances
Komar-class missile boat. The Soviet Project 183R class, more commonly known as the Komar class, its NATO reporting name, meaning "mosquito", is a class of missile boats, the first of its kind, built in the 1950s and 1960s. Notably, they were the first to sink another ship with anti-ship missiles in 1967.

Export ships 

  - 6 boats 1967
  - 8 boats (1961) plus about 40 built under licence. The Chinese also built a steel-hulled derivative as the Type 024 class missile boat
  - 18 boats
  - 7 boats (1962–67), retired in the early 1990s; The Egyptian Navy built 6 derivative boats equipped with western weapons and electronics in the early 1980s as the 
  - 12 boats (1961–65)
  - 3 boats (1972)
  - 6 boats donated between 1969 and 1974, all retired between 1998 and 2002. 
  - 10 boats
  - 9 boats
  - 4 boats

Combat use 
 1967 October 21 - Egyptian Navy Komar-class missile boats sank Israeli destroyer  in the first combat use of P-15 Termit anti-ship missiles. This was the first time a ship had sunk another ship using guided missiles.
 7 October 1973 - Two Syrian Navy Komar-class missile boats along with an Osa I-class missile boat, a K-123 torpedo boat and a T43-class minesweeper fought unsuccessfully against four Israeli Navy s and one  in the Battle of Latakia.  Other Syrian missile boats fired missiles from within the harbor that mistakenly or due to malfunction hit civilian craft in the harbour.
 1974 January 19 - 4 People's Liberation Army Navy Komar-class joined Battle of the Paracel Islands in Vietnam War

See also
 List of ships of the Soviet Navy
 List of ships of Russia by project number

Notes

References

Bibliography
 
 Also published as

External links
 Complete Ship List of all Komar class missile boats

Missile boat classes
Missile boats of the Soviet Navy
 
Missile boats of the Algerian National Navy
Missile boats of the Cuban Navy
 
Missile boats of the Egyptian Navy
Missile boats of the Indonesian Navy
Missile boats of the Iraqi Navy
Missile boats of the Korean People's Navy
 
Missile boats of the People's Liberation Army Navy
Missile boats of the Syrian Navy
Missile boats of the Vietnam People's Navy
Wu Yulu. Wu Yulu is a Chinese farmer and inventor of home-made robots. He has become widely known for his fanciful creations made from scrap metal and other materials. He lives in Mawu Village, near Beijing.

Career
He started making robots at about 11 years of age. With a different upbringing or education perhaps, Wu might have become an engineer. But his teachers were no good when he was school-aged, he said, so he stopped going. He learned to make robots by making mistakes.

In the late 1970s, Wu got a job at a farm machinery factory, and the small income helped him turn used sewing machine parts and some steel wire into his first robot. "Until now, I don't know the theory of physics, but I knew that electricity can drive motors and power can be transferred to the robot's hands and legs with levers and wires," Wu said. After his first robot turned out to be "disabled," Wu continued to experiment. In 1982, the first movable robot, Wu Laoda (the first son of the Wu), was born.

Robots

Wu's robots' given names indicate the order they are created, and they are all given his own family name (Wu). His most famous robot is named Wu .  He has built robots capable of climbing walls, serving water, lighting cigarettes, playing musical instruments and writing calligraphy.

"I can invent robots able to carry a sedan chair, and next I will make robots of the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac. "There are so many good things in life, and they become the basis for my robots".

See also
 Science and technology in China
 List of Chinese inventions

References

External links
 Videos:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7rdzRrMKHY
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PV_IoLTsBU

Chinese inventors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Tongzhou
Robotron X. Robotron X is a multidirectional shooter video game co-developed by Leland Interactive Media and Player 1 and it was released by Midway Games in November 1996 for the PlayStation. It is a 3D version of the 1982 dual-stick shooter Robotron: 2084. GT Interactive published a Microsoft Windows port in 1997. A Nintendo 64 version was released in 1998 as Robotron 64, and Crave Entertainment bought out the publishing rights to the N64 version.

Gameplay

Robotron X features updated graphics and audio, and also multiple different angles for the camera.

Reception
While the game uses gameplay similar to the original, Robotron X was not as well-received, though reviews for it ranged from mixed to positive. Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams felt that the moving camera featured in the 3D environment was a negative, and that the original overhead perspective format of a single screen actually presented all the information a player and relied more on the skill of the player. They felt that the moving camera angle obscured playing field areas which would make it hard for the player to avoid being shot when an enemy appears suddenly. Some critics cited this as the game's one major flaw. John Vince felt the same way, stating that gameplay suffered due to missing important aspects that the original had. Rollings and Adams instead attribute the late 1990s fad involving classic video game remakes in part to the release of Robotron X, though at the time of that release it was believed this fad was already in place.

Next Generation reviewed the PlayStation version of the game, rating it three stars out of five.

Aaron Curtiss for the Los Angeles Times recommended the game for fans of the original, but thought that others would decry it as "mindless".

Bro' Buzz for GamePro was complimentary to its gameplay and graphics.

Malcolm Mayhew for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram gave the game 2 1/2 stars, saying that the game had good idea, but bad execution.

Reviews
 GameFan #49 (Vol 5, Issue 1) - January 1997
 NowGamer - Mar 01, 1997
 PC Zone - Aug 13, 2001
 GameSpot - Dec 01, 1996

References

External links
 Review at Tripoint
 Review at GameSpot

1996 video games
GT Interactive games
PlayStation (console) games
Twin-stick shooters
Video game sequels
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Aubrey Hodges
Windows games
List of laptop brands and manufacturers. This is a list of laptop brands and manufacturers.

Manufacturers

Major brands

Other brands

No longer manufacturing computers

Defunct brands

Original design manufacturers (ODMs) 
The vast majority of laptops on the market are manufactured by a small handful of Taiwan-based original design manufacturers (ODM), although their production bases are located mostly in mainland China. Quanta Computer pioneered the contract manufacturing of laptops in 1988. By 1990, Taiwanese companies manufactured 11% of the world's laptops. That percentage grew to 32% in 1996, 50% in 2000, 80% in 2007 and 94% in 2011. The Taiwanese ODMs have since lost some market share to Chinese ODMs, but still manufactured 82.3% of the world's laptops in Q2 of 2019, according to IDC.

Major relationships include:
 Foxconn sells to Asus, Dell, HP, and Apple
 Pegatron (in 2010, Asus spun off Pegatron) sells to Asus, Apple, Dell, Acer, and Microsoft
 Quanta sells to (among others) HP, Lenovo, Apple, Acer, Dell, NEC, and Fujitsu
 Compal sells to (among others) Acer, Dell, Lenovo, and HP
 Wistron (former manufacturing & design division of Acer) sells to Acer, Dell, Lenovo, and HP
 Inventec sells to HP, Dell, and Lenovo
 Flextronics (former Arima Computer Corporation notebook division) sells to HP
 Clevo and Tongfang sell to different laptop manufacturers like Digital Storm, Eluktronics, Eurocom, Metabox, Sager, Schenker, System76, XMG, etc.

ODM laptop units sold and market shares 

There is a discrepancy between the 2009 numbers due to the various sources cited; i.e. the units sold by all ODMs add up to 144.3 million laptops, which is much more than the given total of 125 million laptops. The market share percentages currently refer to those 144.3 million total. Sources may indicate hard drive deliveries to the ODM instead of actual laptop sales, though the two numbers may be closely correlated.

See also 
 List of computer hardware manufacturers
 List of computer system manufacturers
 Market share of personal computer vendors

References 

Laptops
 
laptop
Lists of consumer electronics manufacturers
 Laptop
Materiomics. Materiomics is the holistic study of material systems. Materiomics examines links between physicochemical material properties and material characteristics and function. The focus of materiomics is system functionality and behavior, rather than a piecewise collection of properties, a paradigm similar to systems biology. While typically applied to complex biological systems and biomaterials, materiomics is equally applicable to non-biological systems. Materiomics investigates the material properties of natural and synthetic materials by examining fundamental links between processes, structures and properties at multiple scales, from nano to macro, by using systematic experimental, theoretical or computational methods. 

The term has been independently proposed with slightly different definitions in 2004 by T. Akita et al. (AIST/Japan), in 2008 by Markus J. Buehler (MIT/USA), and Clemens van Blitterswijk, Jan de Boer and Hemant Unadkat (University of Twente/The Netherlands) in analogy to genomics, the study of an organism's entire genome. Similarly, materiomics refers to the study of the processes, structures and properties of materials from a fundamental, systematic perspective by incorporating all relevant scales, from nano to macro, in the synthesis and function of materials and structures. The integrated view of these interactions at all scales is referred to as a material's materiome.

  

New techniques for evaluating materials at the tissue level, such as reference point indentation (RPI) and raman spectroscopy are lending insight into the nature of these highly complex, functional relationships.

Materiomics is related to proteomics, where the difference is the focus on material properties, stability, failure and mechanistic insight into multi-scale phenomena.

See also 
 Genomics
 Bionanotechnology
 Universality-diversity paradigm

Notes

Other References 
 : Buehler, M.J., Materiomics: Materials Science of Biological Protein Materials, from Nano to Macro. The A to Z of Materials. (February, 2010).
  Going nature one better (MIT News Release, October 22, 2010). 
  M.J. Buehler, Tu(r)ning weakness to strength, Vol. 5(5), pp. 379–383, 2010. 
  D.I. Spivak, T. Giesa, E. Wood, M.J. Buehler, Category Theoretic Analysis of Hierarchical Protein Materials and Social Networks, PLoS ONE, Vol. 6(9), pp. e23911, 2011. 
  T. Giesa, D. Spivak, M.J. Buehler, Reoccurring Patterns in Hierarchical Protein Materials and Music: The Power of Analogies, BioNanoScience, Vol. 1(4), pp. 153–161, 2011, 
 Materiomics: High-Throughput Screening of Biomaterial Properties 
 Biomateriomics 
 Master of Materiomics: study programme at Hasselt University, Flanders, Belgium  Doumen, S., Baeten, D., Notermans, J., Denolf, K., Vandewal, K., Vandamme, D., Nesladek, M., Graulus, G.-J., Vanpoucke, D.E.P., Van Bael, M., Vanderzande, D., & Hardy, A. (2023). De ontwikkeling van een interdisciplinair futureproof curriculum in de bètawetenschappen [The development of an interdisciplinary futureproof curriculum in the beta sciences]. TH&MA Hoger Onderwijs, 30(3), 31-37.  

Genomics
Materials science
Nanotechnology
Aalto-Hochhaus. Aalto-Hochhaus is a 22-floor high-rise apartment building in Bremen, Germany, designed by Alvar Aalto. It is approximately  tall and was completed in 1962. Since 1998, it is protected by the monument protection act.

See also 
Alvar Aalto buildings

References

External links 
 http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=19447
 http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0029403

Skyscrapers in Germany
Buildings and structures in Bremen (city)
Residential buildings completed in 1962
Residential skyscrapers in Germany
Apartment buildings in Germany
1962 establishments in West Germany
20th-century architecture in Germany
Modernist architecture in Germany
Alvar Aalto buildings
Arasu Engineering College. Arasu Engineering College is an engineering college located in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India. The college has been approved by the All India Council for Technical Education and is affiliated to Anna University of Technology, Chennai. This college is accredited by "National assessment and accreditation council".

History
Arasu Engineering College was established by Sri Thirunavukkarasu Dhanalakshmi Educational and Charitable Trust in 2000, and was registered as a public charitable trust. The trust is doing yeomen service in the field of technical education and research.

Arasu Engineering College offers programs that have been approved by All India Council for Technical Education with three programs at the undergraduate level in the year 2001-2002. At present, the college offers eight undergraduate programs and three postgraduate programs.

Courses offered

UG Courses
 B.TECH Artificial intelligence and data science
 B.E Computer Science and Engineering
 B.E Electronics & Communication Engineering
 B.E Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 B.E Civil Engineering
 B.E Mechanical Engineering
 B.E Auto mobile Engineering
 B.E Agricultural Engineering
 B.E Bio medical Engineering

References

Engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu
Colleges affiliated to Anna University
Education in Thanjavur district
Educational institutions established in 2000
2000 establishments in Tamil Nadu
Kumbakonam
Sial (disambiguation). Sial refers to the composition of the upper layer of the Earth's crust.

Sial may also refer to:

Places
 Sial, Kapurthala, Punjab State, India
 Sial, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
 Sial Sharif, a small village in Pakistan

Other uses
 Air Sial, Sialkot, Pakistan, expected to begin operations in 2019
 Sial (tribe), a Jat tribe of the Punjab region
 Heer Sial (disambiguation)
 Sialkot (disambiguation)
Compute Node Linux. Compute Node Linux (CNL) is a runtime environment based on the Linux kernel for the Cray XT3, Cray XT4, Cray XT5, Cray XT6, Cray XE6 and Cray XK6 supercomputer systems based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. CNL forms part of the Cray Linux Environment.  systems running CNL were ranked 3rd, 6th and 8th among the fastest supercomputers in the world.

See also
 INK (operating system)

References

External links 
 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 

Cray software
Linux kernel variant
Korolyov RP-318. The RP-318 or RP-318-1 was USSR's first rocket-powered aircraft or Rocket Glider (Rocketny Planer or Raketoplan) which "RP" stands for in Russian language. Beginning in early 1936, it was first known as RP-218-1 or "Objekt 218" before it was renamed to RP-318-1 in 1938 due to inner reforms of the Rocket Science And Research Institute.

Built at the Reactive Scientific Research Institute in 1936 by Sergei Korolev as an adaptation of his SK-9 glider, the RP-318 was originally designed as a flying laboratory to test rocket engines and ORM-65 designed by Valentin Glushko was the one selected to be used. In 1938, when both Korolev and Glushko were arrested in suspicion of Anti-Soviet activity, development of the RP-318-1 was continued by Alexei Scherbakov (Щербаков, Алексей Яковлевич) and Arvid Pallo (Палло, Арвид Владимирович), culminating in the first powered flight on Feb. 28, 1940. Test pilot V. P. Fedorov (Владимир Павлович Фёдоров) was towed to 2,600 m and cast off at 80 km/h before firing the rocket engine and accelerating the aircraft to 140 km/h and an altitude of 2,900 m. In all, the RP-318 flew nine times before World War II ended its development.

Specifications

References

Rocket-powered aircraft
Sergei Korolev
1940s Soviet aircraft
Terry Friesz. Terry L. Friesz is the first Harold and Inge Marcus Professor of Industrial Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University. He is responsible for developing the basic theory of dynamic user equilibrium, which is the class of dynamic games studied in transportation planning and logistics. As of 2019, he is the editor-in-chief of the journal Networks and Spatial Economics.

He obtained his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1977.

References

Pennsylvania State University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Airborne ground surveillance. Airborne ground surveillance (AGS) refers to a class of military airborne radar system (Surveillance aircraft) used for detecting and tracking ground targets, such as vehicles and slow moving helicopters, as opposed to Airborne early warning and control, whose primary role is detecting and tracking aircraft in flight. Antenna beam width should be very small to enhance resolution. This antenna size limitation demands high frequency (GHz range) of operation, to be operated in this mode. AGS radar is typically a medium or low power radar. It includes both maritime and land surveillance. Today, UAVs perform this operation, which often uses optical aids for surveillance.

Aircraft 
 US Air Force Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
 US Navy Boeing P-8 Poseidon
 Russian Air Force Tupolev Tu-204R
 British Royal Air Force Raytheon Sentinel
 US Air Force Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk
 Tethered Aerostat Radar System
 JLENS

See also
 Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance
 Alliance Ground Surveillance – a NATO programme to acquire an AGS capability.
 Unmanned aerial vehicle
 Synthetic aperture radar

External links
 NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance

Radar
Project Himank. Himank, also known as Project HIMANK is a project of the Border Roads Organisation under the Ministry of Defence of India. It was established in August 1985 to facilitate the construction of road infrastructure in Ladakh and parts of Jammu and Kashmir under the India–China Border Roads project. The project is also involved in providing all year access to military bases and outposts in Siachen glacier, along the Line of actual control and areas near the Pangong Tso lake.

It has constructed the highest motorable road in the world at Umling La at height of  along with roads in Khardung La, Tanglang La and Chang La. The project also provided access from Leh to Kargil during the Kargil War in May 1999. Its work in some locations is constrained to only a few months in a year due to extreme climatic conditions. The project undertakes snow clearance works every year to keep major roads in strategic area in Ladakh open during winters.

Command structure

The project is divided mainly into the 16th task force, 753rd task force and 50th task forces which facilitates works in the areas of Spituk, Thiksey and Durbok respectively. Both of these task forces include numerous companies which in turn include platoons and detachments. Project Himank is led by a Chief Engineer of Brigadier rank. The task forces are headed by a commander of Colonel rank, while the companies are headed by an officer commanding, usually of Major rank.

Major works
The project has connected numerous villages and townships including Chisumle and Demchok with the highest motorable Umling La road. In 2016, the project constructed two strategic bridges namely the Himank Setu and Tsultak Bridge across the Shyok river and Phiya Lung Nallah respectively. The project has constructed and maintains the Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road which leads to Daulat Beg Oldi, a military base along the line of actual control. The construction of a new tunnel along the DBO road is also under progress.

The construction of the Sasoma–Saser La Road on the Siachen glacier and Likaru-Mig La-Fukche road at an altitude of  is also underway. The construction is possible for a short period of time every year due to extreme cold and geographical challenges. The project has also experimented the construction of plastic roads using waste low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyurethane. The project is also constructing a 3D printed air despatch unit in Chandigarh airport which aims to provide logistical support to the project.

Road signs
Project HIMANK is known to install humorous road signs along roads in Ladakh, photos of which are the subject of the book Peep Peep Don't Sleep. Signboards, notably those in the Nubra Valley, offer philosophical statements from singer Patti LaBelle, French author Jules Renard, singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett and early Zionist Jessie Sampter.

Photo gallery

See also
Project Vartak
Project Dantak
Project Shivalik

References

Government agencies established in 1985
Transport in Ladakh
1985 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir
Border Roads Organisation