omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ivan Kruzenstern (icebreaker). Ivan Kruzenstern () is a Russian icebreaker. It is one of twelve Project 97A icebreakers built by Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad, Soviet Union, in 1961–1971.

Description 

In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union began developing a new diesel-electric icebreaker design based on the 1942-built steam-powered icebreaker Eisbär to meet the needs of both civilian and naval operators. Built in various configurations until the early 1980s, the Project 97 icebreakers and their derivatives became the largest and longest-running class of icebreakers and icebreaking vessels built in the world. Of the 32 ships built in total, the unarmed civilian variant Project 97A was the most numerous with twelve icebreakers built in 1961–1971.

Project 97A icebreakers were  long overall and had a beam of . Fully laden, the vessels drew  of water and had a displacement of . Their three  10-cylinder 13D100 two-stroke opposed-piston diesel engines were coupled to generators that powered electric propulsion motors driving two propellers in the stern and a third one in the bow. Project 97A icebreakers were capable of breaking  thick snow-covered ice at very slow but continuous speed.

History 

The sixth of twelve Project 97A icebreakers was laid down at Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad on 20 January 1964, launched on 29 April 1964, and delivered to the Baltic Sea Shipping Company on 27 October 1964. Initially named simply Ledokol-6 (), Russian for "icebreaker", it was renamed Ivan Kruzenstern in 1966 after the Imperial Russian Navy admiral and explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern (1770–1846). The icebreaker was stationed in Leningrad.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ivan Kruzenstern passed over to the successor state, Russia. The icebreaker was owned by Port of Saint Petersburg in 1995–2005 before joining Rosmorport's fleet. The original main engines were replaced with  6-cylinder Wärtsilä 6L26 units in 1997.

On 26 September 2007, Ivan Kruzensterns wheelhouse was damaged by fire while the icebreaker was undergoing refit at Kronstadt Marine Plant, causing 19 million rubles worth of damage.

, Ivan Kruzenstern is one of the two Project 97A icebreakers still in service.

References 

Icebreakers of the Soviet Union
Icebreakers of Russia
1964 ships
Ships built at Admiralty Shipyard
Semyon Dezhnev (1971 icebreaker). Semyon Dezhnev () is a Russian icebreaker. It is the last of twelve Project 97A icebreakers built by Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad, Soviet Union, in 1961–1971.

Description 

In the mid-1950s, the Soviet Union began developing a new diesel-electric icebreaker design based on the 1942-built steam-powered icebreaker Eisbär to meet the needs of both civilian and naval operators. Built in various configurations until the early 1980s, the Project 97 icebreakers and their derivatives became the largest and longest-running class of icebreakers and icebreaking vessels built in the world. Of the 32 ships built in total, the unarmed civilian variant Project 97A was the most numerous with twelve icebreakers built in 1961–1971.

Project 97A icebreakers were  long overall and had a beam of . Fully laden, the vessels drew  of water and had a displacement of . Their three  10-cylinder 13D100 two-stroke opposed-piston diesel engines were coupled to generators that powered electric propulsion motors driving two propellers in the stern and a third one in the bow. Project 97A icebreakers were capable of breaking  thick snow-covered ice at very slow but continuous speed.

History 

The last of twelve Project 97A icebreakers was laid down at Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad on 30 March 1971, launched on 31 August 1971, and delivered to the Baltic Sea Shipping Company on 28 December 1971. It was named after the 17th century Russian explorer Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov and stationed in Leningrad.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Semyon Dezhnev passed over to the successor state, Russia. The icebreaker was owned by Port of Saint Petersburg in 1996–2005 before joining Rosmorport's fleet. The original main engines were replaced with  6-cylinder Wärtsilä 6L26A units in 1999.

, Semyon Dezhnev is one of the two Project 97A icebreakers still in service.

References 

Icebreakers of the Soviet Union
Icebreakers of Russia
1971 ships
Ships built at Admiralty Shipyard
Lead metagermanate. Lead metagermante is one of the germanates of lead with the chemical formula of PbGeO3. Other germanates include Pb5Ge3O11.

Preparation 

Lead metagermanate can be obtained by the reaction of germanium dioxide and lead acetate.

Properties 

Lead metagermanate is a solid with a strong thermoelectric effect. It has two structural forms: the trigonal and the orthorhombic, with a transition temperature above 600 °C. Under high pressure, lead metagermanate can also form cubic crystals.

References 

Lead(II) compounds
Germanates
TM44 inspections. TM44 inspections, or Air Conditioning Energy Assessments (ACEA), are required by law in the United Kingdom under the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulations 2007, amended in 2011 and 2012. They are designed to improve energy efficiency and reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of air conditioning systems. The name "TM44" refers to the technical memorandum TM44, which provides guidelines for these inspections.

Purpose
TM44 inspections are aimed at assessing the efficiency of air conditioning systems and providing building owners and operators with advice on how to improve the efficiency, reduce the energy consumption and decrease operating costs. The inspections also look for any faults in the system and check that the system is properly maintained.

Inspection frequency and requirements
Air conditioning systems with a total cooling capacity of more than 12 kW must undergo an inspection at least once every five years. This includes individual units which combined exceed 12 kW. The first inspection must occur within five years of the installation of the system. Subsequent inspections must be conducted by an accredited energy assessor within five years of the previous inspection.

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) states that an inspection report should include:
 The current efficiency of the equipment
 Suggestions for improving the efficiency of the equipment
 The adequacy of equipment maintenance
 Any faults in the systems and suggested actions
 The size of the air conditioning system compared to the cooling requirements of the building

Enforcement
The enforcement of the TM44 inspection is undertaken by local authorities. Failure to commission, keep or provide an updated TM44 inspection report when required by an enforcement authority could lead to a fine of £300 per unit.

There is no legal requirement for organisations to act on or implement any of the recommendations made in the report. However, organisations that are looking to make their systems more energy efficient to support them on their journey to reducing their carbon emissions, may consider making changes to the way their systems run.

Impact
TM44 inspections aim to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning units, thereby reducing their impact on the environment and cutting costs for businesses. By enforcing these inspections, the UK government encourages businesses to be more energy efficient and promotes a more sustainable approach to air conditioning.

References

External links
 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007
 Guide to air conditioning inspections for buildings
 CIBSE Knowledge Portal: TM44
 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
 TM44 Inspections

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Regulatory compliance
Regulation in the United Kingdom
Health and safety in the United Kingdom
Energy efficiency policy
Emissions reduction
Malathi Veeraraghavan. Malathi Veeraraghavan (July 11, 1962 – May 11, 2020) was an Indian and American electrical engineer specializing in communications networks, including broadband networks, wireless ad hoc networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, and optical networking. She worked as a researcher for AT&T Bell Labs and as a professor at the University of Virginia.

Life and work
Veeraraghavan was born on July 11, 1962, and earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from IIT Madras in 1984. She went to Duke University for graduate study in electrical engineering, earning a master's degree in 1985 and completing her Ph.D. in 1988. Her dissertation, Modeling and Evaluation of Fault-Tolerant Multiple Processor Systems, was supervised by Kishor S. Trivedi.

She became a researcher and member of the technical staff of AT&T Bell Labs, starting in 1988 in Columbus, Ohio and moving in 1992 to Holmdel, New Jersey. Her work there involved the development of distributed call processing technology for voice over IP services. She was named a distinguished member of the technical staff in 1994.

In 1999 she returned to academia as an associate professor at Brooklyn Polytechnic (now part of New York University). She moved to the University of Virginia in 2003, as the founding director of a new graduate program in computer engineering, jointly offered by the departments of computer science and electrical and computer engineering. She was promoted to full professor in 2007.

She died on May 11, 2020.

Recognition
Veeraraghavan was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2020 class of fellows, "for contributions to control-plane architectures, signal protocols and hybrid networks".

References

External links
Home page

1962 births
2020 deaths
Indian electrical engineers
Indian women engineers
American electrical engineers
American women engineers
Women electrical engineers
IIT Madras alumni
Duke University alumni
Scientists at Bell Labs
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Silylgermane. Silylgermane is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless gas with an unpleasant odor. It is unstable in air. It is very flammable, very toxic and corrosive. It reacts with alkali liberating hydrogen.

History
Silylgermane was prepared in 1962 by Alan MacDiarmid and his coworkers by a silent electric discharge through an equimolar mix of silane and germane gases for a total of 28 hours. This method produces other hydrides of silicon and germanium as well.

Preparation
One of the most common methods of preparation of silylgermane is the reaction of germane () and chlorosilane () in the presence of a catalyst. Another method is the reaction of germane and silicon tetrachloride in the presence of a reducing agent. Silylgermane can also be produced by the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium or calcium germanides-silicides, and by the reaction between hydrofluoric acid and a mixture of silicon monoxide and germanium monoxide. The synthesis of silylgermane requires careful handling due to its extreme toxicity and flammability.

Structure
Silylgermane molecule contains both silicon and germanium atoms. The molecule of silylgermane can be viewed as a silyl group replacing one of the hydrogen atoms of the germane molecule. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecule structure is like ethane, with a tetrahedral molecular geometry on silicon and germanium atoms. Silylgermane is a group 14 hydride.

Uses
Silylgermane is useful in scientific research applications, for example in research of the properties of silicon and germanium compounds. Silylgermane is used as a precursor for the synthesis of germanium compounds, as well as in electronics such as germanium quantum dots, germanium nanowires, and in the production of solar cells and semiconductors.

Safety
Silylgermane is extremely flammable and may explode, especially upon heating closed bottles containing this chemical. Silylgermane is known to be very toxic, thus, it is important to handle this chemical with cautiousness and to use appropriate protective equipment. It irritates skin, eyes and respiratory system. It is corrosive both to materials and living tissues (e.g. skin, mucous membrane, lungs and eyes). May cause severe and permanent skin and eye damage. Inhalation of silylgermane and its fumes may cause death.

Derivatives
Derivatives of the general formula  (X = hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl, and mixtures of these groups) are called silylgermanes as well.

Organic silylgermanes  can be prepared by the reaction between silylpotassium  and chlorogermane , or by the reaction between germylpotassium  and chlorosilane .

The way to obtain fully alkylated silylgermanes is reaction between trialkylsilyl halide , trialkylgermyl halide  and the sodium metal (typically, the R and R' groups are ethyl and the X is bromine Br).

References 

Silicon compounds
Germanium compounds
Hydrogen compounds
Bromosyl trifluoride. Bromosyl trifluoride is an inorganic compound of bromine, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula .

Synthesis
Synthesis of bromosyl trifluoride is by reaction of anhydrous HF with  at –78 °C.

Also it can be formed by a reaction of  with .

Physical properties
Bromosyl trifluoride forms a colorless liquid at room temperature. It reacts with water.

Chemical properties
Bromosyl trifluoride is quite unstable and decomposes at room temperature:

References

Oxyfluorides
Bromine compounds
Iodosyl pentafluoride. Iodosyl pentafluoride is an inorganic compound of iodine, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula .

Synthesis
Reaction of iodine heptafluoride with water:

Reaction of iodine heptafluoride with silicon dioxide:

Physical properties
Iodosyl pentafluoride forms a colorless liquid. The molecule of  is a distorted octahedron O=I(F4)–F. Its melting point 4.5 °C.

Chemical properties
The compound reacts with graphite to form a black graphite intercalation compound. Iodosyl pentafluoride also forms adducts with arsenic pentafluoride and antimony pentafluoride.

References

Oxyfluorides
Iodine compounds
Anaxam. ANAXAM stands for "Analytics with Neutrons And X-rays for Advanced Manufacturing" and it is a knowledge and technology transfer centre in Switzerland. Anaxam is part of the federal government's "Digitalisation" action plan and a member of the Advanced Manufacturing Technology Transfer Centers (AM-TTC) association. Anaxam is located on the Park Innovaare campus in the canton of Aargau.

It is a non-profit organisation, that aims to provide industry with access to advanced analytical methods originally developed for basic research. Anaxam works with project partners on the basis of "public-private partnerships".

The centre provides industry with materials analysis using neutron and synchrotron radiation (X-rays) in the field of non-destructive material testing. The technologies offered support companies in the optimisation of processes and products as well as in quality control and quality assurance. The project partners come from the raw materials industry, the metal industry, medical technology, the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry, among others. They include large companies as well as SMEs, regional companies as well as national and international companies.

Amongst others, ANAXAM uses the large-scale research facilities of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) – particularly the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ) and the Swiss Light Source (SLS). ANAXAM is located in the immediate vicinity of the Paul Scherrer Institute on the Park Innovaare Campus in Villigen, Switzerland.

Structure
The knowledge and technology transfer centre is part of Switzerland’s ‘Digitalisation’ action plan.

ANAXAM is a part of the innovation landscape in the canton of Aargau.

References

External links
 ANAXAM
 PSI
 FHNW
 Swiss Nanoscience Institute
 Canton of Aargau
 ANAXAM-Business Report 2021 (german)
 ANAXAM brochure

Materials science
Technology transfer
Particle physics facilities
Accelerator physics
Synchrotron radiation
Industrial processes
Jiang Xie. Jiang (Linda) Xie is a Chinese and American telecommunications engineer specializing in wireless ad hoc networks, cognitive radio networks, mobile computing, cloud computing, and edge computing.

Education and career
Xie graduated from Tsinghua University in 1997 and earned a master's degree from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 1999. Continuing her graduate studies in electrical and computer engineering at Georgia Tech, she earned a second master's degree in 2002 and completed her Ph.D. in 2004. Her dissertation, Mobility Management in Next-Generation All-IP-Based Wireless Systems, was supervised by Ian F. Akyildiz.

She became an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in 2004, and is currently a full professor there.

Recognition
Xie was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2020 class of fellows, "for contributions to mobility and resource management of wireless networks".

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American telecommunications engineers
American women engineers
Chinese telecommunications engineers
Chinese women engineers
Women electrical engineers
Tsinghua University alumni
Georgia Tech alumni
Alumni of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
University of North Carolina at Charlotte faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Corruption 2029. Corruption 2029 is a turn-based tactics video game developed and published by The Bearded Ladies.  It was released in February 2020 for Windows PCs.  Players control a trio of cyborgs who must defeat enemy troops that outnumber them using stealth and trickery.

Gameplay 
Two factions vie for control of the United States using remote-controlled cyborgs in a dystopian future.  Players control a squad of three cyborgs who must defeat enemy troops.  Surveilling enemy territory is done in real-time, similar to stealth games.  When engaging enemies, the game shifts to turn-based combat.  Once the squad is detected, enemies alert their allies, though they can be stunned to delay this.  To reduce the numbers of enemies that must be fought after being discovered, players can snipe at lone targets and lure enemies into traps.  After completing missions, the player's soldiers can be upgraded via a branching skill tree.

Development 
Corruption 2029 was released for Windows PCs on February 17, 2020.

Reception 
Corruption 2029 received "mixed or average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.  PC Gamer and RPGamer compared it negatively to Mutant Year Zero, both criticizing the lack of personality, uninteresting plot, and repetitive set pieces.  PC Gamer recommended it to fans of Mutant Year Zero who want more of the same but recommended Mutant Year Zero to everyone else.  Describing the gameplay as "a puzzle game with a small shootout at the end", Rock Paper Shotguns reviewer enjoyed the tactical battles but found the rest of the game to be "repetitive and a bit draining".  Although GameSpot liked the tactical battles, their reviewer called it "a strange, underwhelming followup" to Mutant Year Zero.  They criticized the setting and characters as uninteresting but found the battles to be "exceptional and tactically robust".

References

External links 
 

2020 video games
Windows-only games
Windows games
Single-player video games
Indie games
Stealth video games
Turn-based tactics video games
Unreal Engine 4 games
Video games about cyborgs
Video games set in 2029
Video games set in the United States
The Bearded Ladies games
Bromocyclopropane. Bromocyclopropane is a organobromine compound with the chemical formula . It is a member of haloalkane family.

Synthesis
The compound can be obtained by treating silver cyclopropanecarboxylate with bromine:

Chemical properties
Reaction with magnesium, using diethyl ether as solvent, only gives about 25–30% of the cyclopropylmagnesium bromide Grignard reagent, with nearly as much cyclopropane formed by alternate reactions on the metal surface.

The compound isomerizes on heating to produce 1-bromopropene and 3-bromopropene.

Physical properties
The compound is a flammable liquid that causes skin irritation and serious eye irritation. It is soluble in chloroform and methanol. Insoluble in water.

See also
 Bromoalkanes
 Bromocyclohexane

References

Cyclopropyl compounds
Organobromides
The Last Worker. The Last Worker is an adventure video game developed by Wolf & Woof and Oiffy.  Wired Productions published it in 2023 for multiple platforms.  It is a satirical take on big tech and has the player perform puzzles inspired by warehouse workers.

Gameplay 
Players control the last human worker in an otherwise automated fulfillment center.  At first, players solve puzzles to correctly sort packages.  After the protagonist is convinced by revolutionaries to sabotage the facility, stealth game elements are added, and players must engage in additional puzzles while maintaining high productivity levels.  If their productivity falls below a certain level, they are fired from their job.  Players are assisted by a robot sidekick named Skew.  As the revolutionaries' demands become greater, players must choose whether they wish to continue assisting the revolutionaries, ally with the tech CEO who owns the warehouse, or seek more personal fulfillment.

Development 
The Last Worker feature comic book-style art by Mike McMahon.  Voice actors include Ólafur Darri Ólafsson, Jason Isaacs, and Clare-Hope Ashitey.  Wired Productions released the game for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S on March 30.  It supports the PlayStation VR2 and Quest 2.

Reception 
On Metacritic, the PC and PlayStation 5 versions received mixed reviews, and the Xbox Series X/S version received positive reviews.  Rock Paper Shotgun felt the tasks meant to be rote were more compelling than the later puzzles involving stealth and sabotage.  Though they praised McMahon's art, they said the satire "lays its ideas on far too thick".  Though they said it explained its jokes too often and lacked the poignancy of other recent satirical games, PC Gamer called it "a breezy, charming caper with a broad anti-corporate theme".  The Guardian and Slant Magazine were more negative; they felt the satire was superficial and ignored real-world concerns about sweat shops in favor of what seemed to them like an unearned and unconvincing story of rebellion.  Nintendo Life wrote, "It's likeable and well-packaged with plenty of character, but it doesn't always deliver", finding some of the puzzles "fiddly".  Push Square criticized the game's implementation of virtual reality on the PlayStation and said that some puzzles are better played without it.

References

External links 
 

2023 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 5 games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation VR2 games
Meta Quest games
Single-player video games
Indie games
Dystopian video games
First-person adventure games
Satirical video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Wired Productions games