omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Neural Network Exchange Format. Neural Network Exchange Format (NNEF) is an artificial neural network data exchange format developed by the Khronos Group. It is intended to reduce machine learning deployment fragmentation by enabling a rich mix of neural network training tools and inference engines to be used by applications across a diverse range of devices and platforms.

History
NNEF was proposed in 2015 by member companies of the Khronos Group as a device and implementation independent transfer format capable of describing any artificial neural net in terms of its structure, operations and data.

The first version of the standard was launched in provisional form in December 2017, and was ratified as an official Khronos standard in August 2018.

Objectives
The goal of NNEF is to enable data scientists and engineers to easily transfer trained networks from their chosen training framework into a wide variety of inference engines. NNEF encapsulates a complete description of the structure, operations and parameters of a trained neural network, independent of the training tools used to produce it and the inference engine used to execute it.

Governance and Availability
NNEF is maintained by the Khronos Group under its Open Governance Principles as follows:

 Any company is invited and able to join Khronos to contribute to and influence the development of its specifications;
 Finalized specifications are publicly and freely distributed at zero cost from the Khronos web-site;
 Any company can implement a Khronos specification and participating implementers can obtain a trademark license for conformant implementations and pay zero royalties to Khronos participants; and
 Developers may freely use implementations of Khronos specifications.

The NNEF specification is available on the Khronos NNEF registry and tools are available on Github

Versions
 NNEF 1.0 Provisional, Released 20 December 2017.
 NNEF 1.0, Released 13 August 2018
NNEF 1.0.1, Released 10 May 2019
NNEF 1.0.2, Released 13 July 2019

Industry Participation
The following Khronos members have participated in the NNEF working group:

Tools
The NNEF tools project on GitHub contains the following open source tools:
 File format Parser
 Bidirectional converters between NNEF and ONNX, Caffe, Caffe2, TensorFlow (python), TensorFlow (protobuf)
Model zoo: reference collection of models converted to NNEF

See also 
 Open Neural Network Exchange

References 

Neural network data exchange formats
Gasmeth Energy Gas Works. The Gasmeth Energy Gas Works (GEGW) is a planned methane gas extraction and processing plant in Rwanda.

Location
The plant would be located on the waters of Lake Kivu, in Rwandan territory, within the vicinity of the city of Gisenyi, approximately , by road, north-west of Kigali, Rwanda's capital and largest city.

Overview
Lake Kivu is reported to contain a considerable amount of methane gas and carbon dioxide, which, when they bubble to the surface, form lethal "toxic clouds". However, when the gases are extracted and canned (bottled), they form vital cooking fuel which replaces scarce firewood and charcoal, thereby preserving the environment. Previous projects have directed the gas towards generation of electricity.

In January 2019, Rwanda's cabinet authorized Rwanda Development Board to enter into a concession with Gasmeth Energy Limited, to extract methane gas for domestic and industrial use as a cooking fuel. On 5 February 2019, agreements were signed, between the Rwanda Development Board (RDB), the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) and Gasmeth Energy Limited (GEL), committing GEL to construct a facility on Lake Kivu to extract, process and compress methane gas for the domestic and export market. This is the first major project in the African Great Lakes region for the extraction of methane gas for cooking, on an industrial scale.

Gasmeth Energy Limited
The owner-developers of this project are Gasmeth Energy Limited, a Rwanda-registered company, whose shareholders are as illustrated in the table below.

Construction and funding
Gasmeth has committed in writing to invest US$400 million into the construction of the methane gas plant. It  is expected that commercial operation of the new plant will begin by February 2021.

See also
 Kibuye Power Plant 1
 KivuWatt Power Station
 Kivu 56 Power Station
 Symbion Thermal Power Station

References

External links
 Website of Rwanda Development Board

Energy infrastructure in Rwanda
Western Province, Rwanda
Proposed energy infrastructure in Africa
Natural gas in Rwanda
Liquefied natural gas plants
Journal of Alloys and Compounds. The Journal of Alloys and Compounds is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental and theoretical approaches to materials problems that involve compounds and alloys. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Hongge Pan, Livio Battezzati. It was the first journal established to focus specifically on a group of inorganic elements.

History
The journal was established by William Hume-Rothery in 1958 as the Journal of the Less-Common Metals,  focussing on the chemical elements in the rows of the periodic table for the Actinide and Lanthanide series. The lanthanides are sometimes referred to as the rare earths. The journal was not strictly limited to articles about those specific elements: it also included papers about the preparation and use of other elements and alloys.

The journal developed out of an international symposium on metals and alloys above 1200 °C which Hume-Rothery organized at Oxford University on September 17–18, 1958. The conference included more than 100 participants from several countries. The papers presented at the symposium "The study of metals and alloys above 1200°C" were published as volume 1 of the journal. It was the first journal dealing specifically with a category of inorganic elements.

The title of "Less-Common Metals" was something of a misnomer, since these metals are actually found fairly commonly, but in small amounts. The journal obtained its current name in 1991 and is considered a particularly rich source of information on hydrogen-metal systems.

Retractions
In 2017, Elsevier was reported to be retracting 3 papers from the journal, which was one of several to be affected by falsified reviews, which led to a broader discussion of the processes for reviewing journal articles.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Chemical Abstracts Service
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Science Citation Index
Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 6.371.

References

External links

Materials science journals
Academic journals established in 1958
Rare earth elements
English-language journals
Elsevier academic journals
Heinkel HD 27. The Heinkel HD 27 was a mail-carrying transport built in Germany in the 1920s.

Operational history
The HD 27 flew in 1925 and carried mail until 1928, when it was destroyed in a tornado. No more airframes were built, but the HD 27 formed the basis for the HD 39.

Specifications

References

Further reading

External links

1920s German cargo aircraft
HD 27
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Heinkel HD 30. The Heinkel HD 30 was a biplane reconnaissance seaplane developed by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke.

Development 
The Heinkel HD 30 was similar in layout to the Heinkel HD 19, but differed from the latter in being larger and having a Gnome-Rhône 9Ak Jupiter VI engine. It was intended to be launched from a steam-powered catapult mounted on small- and medium-sized ships.

Specifications

References

1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
HD 30
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Heinkel HD 33. The Heinkel HD 33 was a scout bomber developed by Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke.

Development 
The HD 33 was a two-seat biplane powered by an Armstrong Siddeley Puma inline engine. It first flew in 1928 but initial flight tests showed disappointing aircraft, so the plane was returned to its manufacturer and fitted with a BMW VI engine as well as a new radiator, thus being redesignated HD 33a. After flight tests in this new configuration, the aircraft was to be transferred to the flight test center in Lipitsk, but the German military abandoned the idea and the HD.33 remained a prototype only. Plans for a civilian version never materialized.

Specifications (HD 33a)

References

1920s German bomber aircraft
HD 33
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Heinkel HD 34. The Heinkel HD 34 was a reconnaissance bomber built in Germany in the late 1920s.

Design and development
The HD 34 was a twin-engine biplane designed for long-range reconnaissance. The center section had a front cockpit with side-by-side seating, with the third crewmember in the rear cockpit.

On June 26, 1928, the HD.34 suffered damage on a test flight after losing control. It was decided, however, not to repair the aircraft due to high costs of repair.

Specifications

References

HD 34
1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Heinkel HD 44. The Heinkel HD 44 was a special-purpose light transport aircraft developed in Germany in the 1920s.

Design and development
The Heinkel HD 44 was similar in layout to the Heinkel HD 40, but differed in the design of the tail assembly. The crew were situated in an open cabin with twin controls, while the passengers were in a closed cabin.

The HD 44 first flew in 1929, but the idea of a transport plane was abandoned by the DVL and the aircraft relegated to being an engine-testbed.

Specifications (HD 44)

References

1920s German cargo aircraft
HD 44
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1929
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Heinkel HD 41. The Heinkel HD 41 was a reconnaissance aircraft developed in Germany in the 1920s.

Design and development
The HD 41a, equipped with a Siemens Jupiter VI of , paid particular attention to the flight characteristics of the aircraft, so as to add, if necessary, the machine guns to transform the apparatus into a fighter.

Variants
Data from:1000aircraftphotos : Heinkel H.D.41a
HD 41a The initial designation of the first prototype, powered by a  Siemens Jupiter VI; one built.
HD 41bPowered by a  BMW VI; one built.
HD 41cPowered by a  BMW VI 7.3Zu; two built. The first aircraft, (c/n 363, D-1011), was converted to be the first pre-production Heinkel He 45A and the second HD 41c, (c/n 364, D-2064), was converted to be the prototype Heinkel He 45 with a new registration (D-ILEU)

Specifications (HD.41a)

References

HD 41
1920s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1929
ECHO IV. ECHO IV, or ECHO 4 (Electronic Computing Home Operator, or Electronic Computer for Home Operation) is a prototype of a home computer developed by Westinghouse Electric engineer James (Jim) Sutherland in the mid-1960s (1965-1966).

History 
James Sutherland worked as an engineer for the American company Westinghouse Electric, designing fossil and nuclear power plant control systems. In 1959 the company built a computer called PRODAC IV (he was the designer of the arithmetic logic unit), using destructive-readout core memory and NOR logic.

When PRODAC IV was replaced by a UNIVAC design, some of the Westinghouse controller hardware was declared surplus in 1965. Sutherland took up surplus boards and memory to build a home computer, ECHO IV (the "IV" in ECHO IV came from the PRODAC IV). It was made public for the first time in 1966.

The computer was working in the Sutherland's house until 1976, and was donated to the Computer Museum in Boston in 1984.

Technical specifications 
 Processor
 Transistorized (2N404), with RTL NOR logic elements
 120 circuit modules
 18 commands
 4 registers
 Add time: 216 μs
 Frequency: 160 kHz
 Main memory:
 8,192 15-bit words, magnetic core
 Input/Output:
 paper tape reader and punch
 keyboard made from parts of IBM Selectric typewriter
 Kleinschmidt teleprinter
 Physical specifications:
 Four large wooden cabinets, each with approximate dimension of:
 Width: 4 feet
 Height: 6 feet
 Depth: 2 feet
 Weight: about

Uses 
 Accounting
 Household inventory
 Calendar
 Manage all digital clocks through the house
 Real-time clock with delay of 1 second
 Air conditioning management
 TV and television antenna management; on school nights children were required to answer questions if they wanted to watch television
 Meteorological program for reading and storing data from a meteorological station that was connected to ECHO IV and weather forecast

References

Bibliography

External links 
ECHO IV photos with description: 

Home computers
Pages with unreviewed translations
Early microcomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1966
Hansa-Brandenburg W.34. Hansa-Brandenburg W.34 was a prototype German two-seat, single-engined floatplane, which had been designed by Hansa und Brandenburgische Flugzeugwerke during World War I.

Development
The W.34 was similar in design to the W.33, but was powered by a Basse und Selve BuS.IVa six-cylinder water-cooled engine. The first prototype flew in 1918, shortly before the Armistice. The other two prototypes were operated by the Finnish Navy following the Versailles Treaty and used for coastal defence, being re-engined with Fiat A.12bis engines.

Specifications (W.34)

See also

References

Bibliography

1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
W.34
Floatplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
Hansa-Brandenburg W.18. The Hansa-Brandenburg W.18 was a single-seat German fighter flying boat of World War I. It was used by both the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy) and the Austro-Hungarian Navy.

Development and design 
The Hansa-Brandenburg W.18 during 1916 for use by the Austro-Hungarian Navy. It was a single engined, single seater flying boat, with a Hiero 6 pusher engine mounted between the wings. It had single-bay wings, with the unusual "Star-Strutter" arrangement of bracing struts (where four Vee struts joined in the center of the wing bay to result in a "star" arrangement) shared with the Hansa-Brandenburg D.I, Hansa-Brandenburg CC, and Hansa-Brandenburg KDW.

Operational history 
Austro-Hungary received 47 Hansa Brandenburg W.18 aircraft, from September 1917 to May 1918, using them to provide air-defence for ports and naval bases along the Adriatic Sea coast. One Benz-engine example was delivered to the Imperial German Navy.

Operators 

Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine

Kaiserliche Marine

Specifications (W.18 - Benz engine)

See also

References

Bibliography

External links 

 Hansa-Brandenburg CC und W.18 

W.18
1910s German fighter aircraft
Flying boats
Biplanes
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
NCSIMUL. NCSIMUL is a software program developed by the company SPRING Technologies, that is used for simulating, verifying, and optimizing CNC machining in a 3-step process. It reads the post-processed G-code to identify the tool path, and replicates the material removal process of the machine by cutting volumes. It then identifies all syntax errors in the code, crashes in the machining environment, and deviations from the modeled CAD part.

History 
NCSIMUL's development began in 1983, and currently has 140 partners world-wide, and over 2000 licenses of NCSIMUL in use. It was founded in Paris, France, but has since expanded to China, Germany, the United States, India, Mexico, and Spain. The US headquarters was founded in 2009, and is located in Boston, Massachusetts. In August 2018 it was acquired by the global technology group Hexagon AB. NCSIMUL is current members of the  AMT and National Center for Defense Manufacturing and Machining (NCDMM).

Features

NCSIMUL Machine 
NCSIMUL Machine is designed for turning, drilling, milling (up to 5-axis), mill-turn, and multi-channel machines. Based on the real characteristics of the CNC machine, it creates a dynamic verification software that includes the exact environment for all machines, tools and materials.

NCSIMUL 4CAM 
With the release of V10, NCSIMUL added the capability to change the target machine without CAM reprogramming. It is able to perform the necessary recalculations across different number of axes and across different controller languages. NCSIMUL  generates verified and optimized CNC programs directly, without an external post-processor, while taking into account the real machining environment.

NCSIMUL Optitool 
NCSIMUL can optimize the tool length, air-cutting motions, and cutting conditions by regulating feed rates to create better G-code programs in 3 to 5-axis machining. These strategies result in  a reduction for the production cycle times, enhancement of cutting operations, and fast development of new G-code optimized files for future applications.

NCSIMUL Interfaces 
Additionally, NCSIMUL integrates directly with several CAM systems to transfer all previously created resources including tool libraries, fixturing, part models, and G-code directly into the machining verification software.

Acquisitions
 June 2018 – SPRING Technologies was acquired by Hexagon AB.

References 

Simulation software
Numerical control
Computer system optimization software
Proprietary software
Gotha Go 241. The Gotha Go 241 was a low-wing  twin-engined four-seat transport aircraft manufactured by Gothaer Waggonfabrik in the early 1940s and intended for the general aviation market.

Development
At the beginning of the forties, Gotha decided to develop a tourism aircraft based on the positive experience of the previous two-seater Gotha Go 150. The new model, assigned the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) designation Go 241, was intended for the civil market and offered greater internal capacity, elevated to four places, even if it reiterated the general approach of Go 150.

Compared to its predecessor in the design phase, all dimensions were increased, with more powerful engines, a pair of air cooled  BMW Bramo Sh 14A radials  and a twin tail unit. The aircraft was later re-ngined with  Hirth HM 506A inverted 6-cyl in-line engines.

The prototype was taken to the air for the first time in 1940 with good results, given that it was decided to start mass production, but given the need to give priority to aeronautical production for war purposes, the project was shelved. The only example was destroyed during an Allied bombing raid on the Gotha factory in November 1944.

Specifications (Go 241 - Hirth engines)

References

Further reading
 

1940s German aircraft
Go 241
Aircraft first flown in 1940
Qiu Dahong. Qiu Dahong (; 6 April 1930 – 11 January 2025) was a Chinese coastal and offshore engineer. He served as chief engineer of the Dalian Fishing Port, the New Dalian Port, the Qinhuangdao Petroleum Port, and many other projects. He was a professor of the Dalian University of Technology and directed the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991.

Life and career 
Qiu was born on 6 April 1930 in Shanghai, Republic of China, with his ancestral home in Huzhou, Zhejiang. After graduating from the Department of Civil Engineering of Tsinghua University in 1951, he joined the Dalian University of Technology (DUT), where he worked under Professor Qian Lingxi and helped create China's first port and harbour engineering program.

In 1958, Qiu was appointed chief engineer for the construction of Dalian Fishing Port at the age of 28. The port, designed to occupy  of open water with docks for 300 fishing boats, was unprecedented in China in both scale and difficulty.  When completed in 1966, it was Asia's largest fishing port. In 1987, Qiu again served as chief engineer for the port's expansion project, which was completed in 1989.

In 1973, Qiu became chief engineer of the New Dalian Port, the first port in China capable of handling oil tankers with a displacement of 100,000 tons. It was opened in 1976, and won a national gold medal for its design.

Qiu later led or participated in the design of the Qinhuangdao Petroleum Port, the Lianyungang Container Port, the Shenzhen Chiwan Port, the Hainan Petroleum Port, the Yamen Shipping Channel of the Pearl River estuary, and the Yangshan Port of Shanghai.

Qiu served as Director of the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering at DUT and was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991. In 1992, he was elected a Central Committee member of the Jiusan Society.

On 11 January 2025, Qiu died in Dalian at the age of 94.

Publications 
Qiu published more than 100 scientific papers and multiple monographs and textbooks. In addition to coastal and offshore engineering, he researched wave theory and conducted experiments to calculate the forces that sea waves exert on engineering structures. In 2011, China Ocean Press published The Collective Writings of Qiu Dahong (), which includes 93 scientific papers, 15 published articles on port construction projects, and 20 other articles.

References 

1930 births
2025 deaths
Chinese civil engineers
Coastal engineering
Academic staff of Dalian University of Technology
Engineers from Shanghai
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the Jiusan Society
Offshore engineering
Nanyang Model High School alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Yang Jinzong. Yang Jinzong (; 25 August 1932 – 29 December 2008) was a Chinese chemical engineer who specialized in fine chemicals. He was a professor of the Dalian University of Technology and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Biography 
Yang was born 25 August 1932 in Changtai Township (), Putian, Fujian, China.

He studied at the Northeast Institute of Technology (now Northeastern University) from 1951 to 1952 and transferred to the Dalian Institute of Technology. After graduating from the Department of Chemical Engineering of DIT in 1955, he pursued graduate studies for four years and obtained an associate doctor degree in 1959, with a specialty in dyes. He was subsequently hired by DIT as a faculty member, and he remained at the university (later renamed Dalian University of Technology) for the rest of his career. From 1983 to 1984 he was a visiting scholar at ETH Zurich in Switzerland.

Yang's research focus was on fine chemicals. He developed new dyes and surfactants which have been widely used in industry. He published more than 500 research papers and two monographs, and held 13 patents. He won the State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) in 2001 and seven other national or ministerial level awards. He also trained more than 100 graduate students. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2001.

Yang died on 29 December 2008 in Dalian, at the age of 76.

References 

1932 births
2008 deaths
Chinese chemical engineers
Engineers from Fujian
People from Putian
Northeastern University (China) alumni
Dalian University of Technology alumni
Academic staff of Dalian University of Technology
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Chemists from Fujian
Educators from Fujian
Hansa-Brandenburg W.25. The Hansa-Brandenburg W.25 was a German floatplane fighter of the World War I era, designed and built by Hansa-Brandenburg.

Design and development
The W.25 was an improved version of the KDW with a modified biplane cellule with conventional inter-plane struts. One prototype was built (s/n 2258), and the aircraft competed with the Albatros W.4, but the W.4 demonstrated a better flight performance. Therefore, Hansa-Brandenburg returned the W.25 to its factory for modification with a second pair of ailerons on the lower wing. However, the W.25 was not ordered into production because the Imperial German Navy lost interest in single-seat fighters.

Specifications (W.25)

See also

References

Bibliography

W.25
1910s German fighter aircraft
Flying boats
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917