omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Holmestrand Aluminium Museum. Holmestrand Aluminium Museum  (Aluminiummuseet i Holmestrand) is located in a former factory  of Hydro Aluminium AS in the centre of Holmestrand in Vestfold, Norway.

Museum

Display
Holmestrand Aluminium Museum is a part of  Vestfold Museum (Vestfoldmuseene) and opened in 2000.

The Aluminium Museum displays the history of aluminium processing in Holmestrand since the foundation of A/S Nordic Aluminium Industry in 1917. Production commenced in 1919  and is still in full operation. The rolling mill came to form the major and dominant part of the business in Holmestrand. Under the trade name Høyang , the company produced a wide range of goods, the best known being cookware including pans, coffee pots and pressure cookers. New items are constantly added, such as a 3-tonne piece of industrial machinery.

In the winter of 2009–10 the museum was the site of a multidisciplinary educational programme for all ninth-year students in northern Vestfold.

Norway's Digital Museum houses an online selection, mostly of cookware, from the Holmestrand Aluminium Museum.

Visiting

The museum is open daily except Mondays in the summer season. It opens Tuesdays and Thursdays all year, and also on Sundays from mid-April to October. Guided tours are available. The museum also houses the Holmestrand tourist information bureau, and has hosted an exhibit of photographs of the local mountain.

References

External links
 Aluminiummuseet Official website
Vestfoldmuseene official website

History museums in Norway
Industry museums in Norway
Museums in Vestfold
Museums established in 2000
2000 establishments in Norway
Holmestrand
Tender rig. Tender assisted rigs are an existing type of development drilling, workover or plug and abandonment rig (same "family" as jack up rig, semi-submersible or drillship). However, it is the only design that can operate in both shallow and deepwater (from ). It is recognized in the industry as one of the most efficient and economical types of rig for development, work over or plug and abandonment (P&A). They are composed of a tender vessel (a specially designed support vessel) and self-contained drilling rigs. The tender vessel is typically equipped with storage facilities (bulk, mud, tubular, spare parts, consumables), living quarters (120 to 200 people), power generation facilities, cranes, and helideck. Tender vessels are typically flat bottom barges or semi-submersible, however in some instances, it a jack up- or semi-submersible rig or liftboat was used.

References

Drilling rigs
Common Marine Inspection Document. The Common Marine Inspection Document (CMID) (IMCA M 149) is a free to use marine inspection format provided by the International Marine Contractors Association for the inspection and audit of marine vessels involved in the offshore industry.  The inspection's purpose is to establish that a particular vessel is safe to work aboard, will not place anybody working on or around the vessel in danger and will not cause any harm to the environment.  The inspection also ensures that all mandatory certification for the vessel and its operations are up to date.

The inspection contains 17 sections including:
 Vessel Particulars
 Index of Certificates
 HSE (Health, Safety & Environment)
 Crew Management
 Pollution Prevention

The  is currently on Issue 11, it is an online database, which allows the electronic completion of CMID reports and manages storage and access of these inspections was released by IMCA.

In April 2013, IMCA reworked the Marine Inspection Checklist for Small Workboats (IMCA M 189) renaming it as the Marine inspection for Small Workboats (Common Marine Inspection Document for Small Workboats) and changing the formatting of sections of the document, to make it compatible with the IMCA eCMID Database

External links 

Official website
eCMID Database website

Civil engineering
International trade associations
Ferrate. Ferrate loosely refers to a material that can be viewed as containing anionic iron complexes. Examples include tetrachloroferrate ([FeCl4]2−), oxyanions (), tetracarbonylferrate ([Fe(CO)4]2−), the organoferrates. The term ferrate derives . Some ferrates are called super-iron by some and have uses in battery applications and as an oxidizer. It can be used to clean water safely from a wide range of pollutants, including viruses, microbes, arsenic, sulfur-containing compounds, cyanides and other nitrogen-containing contaminants, many organic compounds, and algae.

References

Iron compounds
Anions
Ferrates
Lead tetrafluoride. Lead tetrafluoride is a compound of lead and fluorine.  The yellow solid (melting point 600 °C) is the only room-temperature stable tetrahalide of lead. Lead tetrafluoride is isostructural with tin(IV) fluoride and contains planar layers of octahedrally coordinated lead, where the octahedra share four corners and there are two terminal, unshared, fluorine atoms trans to one another.

References

Lead(IV) compounds
Fluorides
Metal halides
Lanthanum trifluoride. Lanthanum trifluoride is a refractory ionic compound of lanthanum and fluorine. The chemical formula is .

The LaF3 structure

Bonding is ionic with lanthanum highly coordinated.  The cation sits at the center of a trigonal prism.  Nine fluorine atoms are close:  three at the bottom corners of the trigonal prism, three in the faces of the trigonal prism, and three at top corners of the trigonal prism.  There are also two fluorides a little further away above and below the prism.  The cation can be considered 9-coordinate or 11-coordinate. At 300 K, the structure allows the formation of Schottky defects with an activation energy of 0.07 eV, and free flow of fluoride ions with an activation energy of 0.45 eV, making the crystal unusually electrically conductive.

The larger sized rare earth elements (lanthanides), which are those with smaller atomic number, also form trifluorides with the LaF3 structure. Some actinides do as well.

Applications
This white salt is sometimes used as the "high-index" component in multilayer optical elements such as ultraviolet dichroic and narrowband mirrors. Fluorides are among the most commonly used compounds for UV optical coatings due to their relative inertness and transparency  in the far ultraviolet (FUV)  Multilayer reflectors and antireflection coatings are typically composed of pairs of transparent materials, one with a low index of refraction, the other with a high index. LaF is one of very few high-index materials in the far UV. The material is also a component of multimetal fluoride glasses such as ZBLAN. It is also doped with europium(II) fluoride in fluoride selective electrodes.

Natural occurrence
LaF3 occurs in the nature as the extremely rare mineral fluocerite-(La). The suffix in the name is known as the Levinson modifier and, by showing the dominant element at a particular site in the structure, is used to differentiate from similar minerals (here: fluocerite-(Ce)).

References

Lanthanum compounds
Fluorides
Lanthanide halides
Crystal structure types
Forebay (reservoir). A forebay is an artificial pool of water in front of a larger body of water. The larger body of water may be natural or human-made.

Forebays have a number of functions. They are used in flood control to act as a buffer during flooding or storm surges, impounding water and releasing in a controlled way into the larger waterbody. They may be used upstream of reservoirs to trap sediment and debris (sometimes called a sediment forebay) in order to keep the reservoir clean. This entails the use of a dam built upstream of the main reservoir, called a forebay dam or pre-dam. Forebays may also be used upstream of lakes to prevent siltation. Some forebays are used simply to create a natural habitat for flora and fauna, to counterbalance the environmental impact of a dam or reservoir. Forebays vary greatly in size depending on their situation and purpose.

A forebay can also be a reservoir from which water is taken to run machinery such as turbines.

References 

Artificial lakes
Reservoirs
Quantity take-off. Quantity take-offs (QTO) are a detailed measurement of materials and labor needed to complete a construction project. They are developed by an estimator during the pre-construction phase. This process includes breaking the project down into smaller and more manageable units that are easier to measure or estimate. The level of detail required for measurement may vary. These measurements are used to format a bid on the scope of construction.  Estimators review drawings, specifications and models to find these quantities.  Experienced estimators have developed procedures to help them quantify their work.  Many programs have been developed to aid in the efficiency of these processes. With BIM quantity take-off can be conducted almost automatically given that the type of materials, their quantity and price is included in the model. It is known that construction projects often run overtime and over budget and one of the reasons is lack of accuracy in quantity takeoff and estimates.

Importance of quantity takeoff 
For every project's success accurate quantity takeoff is necessary. It minimizes many risks during the project. By leveraging precise quantity data, professionals can streamline project management, maintain budgetary control, and foster collaboration among stakeholders.

References 

Building engineering
Construction management
Albert Arents. Albert Arents (March 14, 1840, Clausthal, Kingdom of Prussia – May 13, 1914) was a Prussian-born American metallurgist.  He was one of a group of German-trained mining engineers who helped develop the mineral assets of the Rocky Mountains.  He worked primarily with lead. He is chiefly known for his inventions.

Biography
He was educated at University of Berlin and the mining school in Clausthal. After coming to the United States in 1865 to work in a small lead mine in Hampden County, Massachusetts, he headed for the western U.S. in 1866, where he was variously occupied as superintendent of mining, metallurgical mills, and smelters in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. He contributed technical papers to the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, having been elected a member of that society in 1882. Among his inventions are the siphon tap, used on lead furnaces; the Eureka lead furnace, extensively employed throughout Colorado and Utah; and a roasting furnace that bears his name.  At his death, he resided in Alameda, California, where he had moved around 1880.

References

Sources
 

1840 births
1914 deaths
American metallurgists
Prussian emigrants to the United States
19th-century American inventors
People from Goslar (district)
People from Alameda, California
Scientists from California
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Clausthal University of Technology alumni
Carbon-fiber tape. Carbon-fiber tape is a flat material made of carbon fiber. It weighs one-seventh as much as steel for a given strength.
The carbon fiber core lasts longer than conventional steel cable. The material is resistant to wear and abrasion and, unlike steel, does not densify and stretch.

Applications
In June 2013, KONE elevator company announced Ultrarope for use as a replacement for steel cables in elevators. It seals the carbon fibers in high-friction polymer. Unlike steel cable, Ultrarope was designed for buildings that require up to 1,000 meters of lift. Steel elevators top out at 500 meters. 

The company estimated that in a 500-meter-high building, an elevator would use 15 per cent less electrical power than a steel-cabled version. As of June 2013, the product had passed all European Union and US certification tests.

See also
 Carbon fibers
 Carbon nanotube

References

External links
Carbon Fiber Products

Allotropes of carbon
Elevators
Fibre-reinforced polymers
Compact intracloud discharge. A compact intracloud discharge (CID), also known as a narrow bipolar event (NBE) or narrow bipolar pulse (NBP) is an intensive form of lightning that produces radio waves and scarce visible light. Lasting only a few millionths of a second (typically 20 us), these events are the most powerful known natural terrestrial source of radio waves in HF and VHF band. They are not well understood scientifically.

See also 
 Whistler (radio)

Lightning
Electrical phenomena

References
Keihan 5000 series. The  was an electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter train type operated by the private railway operator Keihan Electric Railway in Japan from 1970 until September 2021.

Formations
The fleet consisted of seven seven-car sets (5551 to 5557), formed as follows with four motored cars and three non-powered trailer cars.

Each of the four motored ("M") cars has one scissors-type pantograph. The "M1" car is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

The T2 and M3 cars have a driving compartment at one end for depot shunting use, although driving controls have been removed from the two cars each in sets 5551 and 5552.

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout.

History
First introduced in 1970, a total of 50 vehicles were built by 1980, including one car built in 1980 to replace a car damaged in a level crossing accident.

The last 5000 series train made its final run on September 4, 2021, following a postponement from June 1, 2021, due to a review of train operations.

Preserved examples
One cab end is preserved at Kuzuha Mall.

References

External links

  

Electric multiple units of Japan
5000 series
Train-related introductions in 1970
Kawasaki multiple units
Stressed member engine. A stressed member engine is a vehicle engine used as an active structural element of the chassis to transmit forces and torques, rather than being passively contained by the chassis with anti-vibration mounts. Automotive engineers use the method for weight reduction and mass centralization in vehicles. Applications are found in several vehicles where mass reduction is critical for performance reasons, usually after several iterations of conventional frame/chassis designs have been employed.

Applications

Motorcycles

Stressed member engines was patented in 1900 by Joah ("John") Carver Phelon and his nephew Harry Rayner. and were pioneered at least as early as the 1916 Harley-Davidson 8-valve racer, and incorporated in the production Harley-Davidson Model W by 1919. The technique was developed in the 20th century by Vincent and others, and by the end of the century was common feature of chassis built by Ducati, BMW and others. In 2019, KTM Duke 790's engine is used as a stressed member.

Automobiles
Many mid-engine sport cars have used stressed engine design.

Race cars
The 1967 Lotus 49 is credited for establishing a solution copied by "everyone" in Formula One. This requirement is cited as a reason the rules committee changed from an inline-four to a V-6 configuration for the 2014 Formula One season.

Production automobiles
The limited-production De Tomaso Vallelunga mid-engine car prototyped in 1963 used the engine as a stressed member.

In GM's Chevrolet Bolt and Tesla Motors Model S and Roadster electric cars, the battery pack is a stressed member to increase rigidity.

Tractors
The Fordson tractor Model F, designed during World War I, eliminated the frame to reduce cost of materials and assembly, and was probably influenced by the similar design of the 1913 Wallis Cub.

References

Automotive chassis types
Structural system
Motorcycle frames
DTA Voyageur. The DTA Voyageur is a French ultralight trike, designed by Jean-Michel Dizier and produced by DTA sarl of Montélimar. The aircraft is supplied complete and ready-to-fly.

Design and development
The aircraft was initially designed as an agricultural aircraft to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The Voyageur is intended as a bush aircraft for flying from unprepared surfaces and as such mounts heavy duty landing gear, tundra tires and lacks a cockpit fairing and a front wing strut.

The Voyageur has a maximum gross weight of , depending on the wing fitted. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear without wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. When fitted with a DTA Dynamic 450 wing it has a span of , supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplant is a twin cylinder, liquid-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 582 engine or the four cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912S engine.

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the DTA Dynamic 450, the DTA Dynamic 15/430 DTA Magic and DTA Diva.

The Voyageur II model is accepted as a light-sport aircraft in the United States.

Variants
Voyageur 582 Dynamic 15
Model with a  Rotax 582 engine and DTA Dynamic 15 wing. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .
Voyageur 912 S Dynamic 450
Model with a  Rotax 912S engine and DTA Dynamic 450 wing. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .
Voyageur II 582 Dynamic 15/430
Improved model with a  Rotax 582 engine and DTA Dynamic 15/430 wing. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .
Voyageur II 912 S Dynamic 450
 Improved model with a  Rotax 912S engine and DTA Dynamic 450 wing. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Specifications (Voyageur II 912 S Dynamic 450)

References

External links

Voyageur
1990s French sport aircraft
1990s French ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
High-wing aircraft
BTW (company). Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd., commonly known as BTW, is a Chinese manufacturer of power transformers and other electrical equipment.  Along with competitors Tebian Electric Apparatus (TBEA) and the XD Group, it is among the major manufacturers of transformers in China.

The company is engaged in manufacturing of wind turbines.  In 2009, a wind power turbine subsidiary of the TWBB won a 300 million RMB contract to provide 33 units of wind turbines to the Zhuozi wind farm in Inner Mongolia, the first wind turbine deal for TWBB.

References

Electrical engineering companies
Companies based in Baoding
Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Donald Levy. Donald Harris Levy (born June 30, 1939) is an American chemical physicist on the faculty of the University of Chicago, Chicago, US. He is recognized as a leader in the development of supersonic jet cooling.

Biography
Donald Levy has been a member of the University of Chicago Chemistry faculty since 1967. He is presently the Albert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus. His research interests have included laser spectroscopy in supersonic molecular beams and jets, the structure of van der Waals molecules, energy transfer in weakly bound molecular systems, bichromophoric organic molecules, and multi-photonionization spectroscopy. From 1998 to 2008 he was editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics. In 2005, he was chair of the Universities Science Policy Council, a group responsible for guiding high level scientific directions at Argonne National Laboratory, awarding joint appointments, and negotiating student and faculty access to National User Facilities at Argonne. After 2007, he was named by the University of Chicago Vice President for Research and for National Laboratories, CEO of UChicago Argonne, LLC and a Member of the Board of Directors of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1988.  He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is the past chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Chicago, where he played an important role as a leader for planning the Gordon Center for Integrative Science.

Awards
He was awarded the Plyler Prize of the American Physical Society in 1987, the E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy in 2006, and the Ellis Lippincott Award from the Optical Society of America.

References

1939 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
University of Chicago faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
The Journal of Chemical Physics editors
Stark Street Bridge. The Stark Street Bridge is a  steel truss bridge spanning the Sandy River two miles east of Troutdale, Oregon. The bridge connects Southeast Stark Street with the Historic Columbia River Highway and is one of only two western entrances to the highway. Karl Billner, who was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal by the Franklin Institute in 1947,  designed the bridge, supervised by State Bridge Engineer Charles H. Purcell. Samuel C. Lancaster provided overall supervision during construction.

Description
In his 1914 report, Oregon State Highway Engineer Henry Bowlby described the new bridge as follows:
Located two miles from Troutdale, Oregon, over Sandy River, near the Portland Automobile Club House. This bridge replaces an old wooden structure which fell on Good Roads' Day, April 25, 1914, dropping a 5-ton auto truck into the river. Consists of one 200-foot riveted, through, Pratt, camel back steel span, and one 77-foot Warren pony, riveted steel span, with reinforced concrete slab floor, and creosoted wood block pavement. Clearance above low water, 35 feet. Bitumen-filled expansion joints are provided in concrete slab over each floor beam. Clear roadway, 20 feet. Live load, four 20-ton trucks in line, with two 20-ton trucks passing. River pier, 36 feet high above base, of the diamond shaft, solid web type, of reinforced concrete...

Price of bridge, completed, $21,042.40. George H. Griffin, contractor. Will be completed, January 10, 1915.

See also

List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Oregon
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon

References

Further reading

External links

Bridgehunter.com – Stark Street Bridge
Multnomah County Weight Restricted Bridges – Stark Street Bridge

1915 establishments in Oregon
Bridges completed in 1915
Bridges in Multnomah County, Oregon
Historic American Engineering Record in Oregon
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
Road bridges in Oregon
Steel bridges in the United States
Warren truss bridges in the United States
Abt (surname). Abt is an occupational surname of Dutch and German origin derived from the clerical title of abbot. Notable people with the surname include:

Arts and entertainment
 Franz Abt (1819–1885), German composer
 Karl Friedrich Abt (1733–1783), German actor

Politicians
 John Abt (1904–1991), American CPUSA lawyer and New Deal politician
 Paul W. Abt (1845–1920), American businessman and politician

Science, engineering and research
 Carl Roman Abt (1850–1933), Swiss mechanical engineer who invented the Abt rack system for rack railways
 Clark C. Abt (born 1929), American game researcher
 Thomas Abt (born 1972), American policy analyst

 Helmut Abt (1925–2024), American astrophysicist

Sport
 Alexander Abt (born 1976), Russian figure skater and coach
 Christian Abt (born 1967), German racing driver
 Daniel Abt (born 1992), German racing driver
 Gudrun Abt (born 1962), German athlete
 Hans-Jürgen Abt, German race team manager

See also

Ant (name)

References 

German-language surnames