omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rothalpy. Rothalpy (or trothalpy) , a short name of rotational stagnation enthalpy, is a fluid mechanical property of importance in the study of flow within rotating systems.

Concept 
Consider we have an inertial frame of reference  and a rotating frame of reference  which both are sharing common origin . Assume that frame  is rotating around a fixed axis with angular velocity . Now assuming fluid velocity to be  and fluid velocity relative to rotating frame of reference to be :

Rothalpy of a fluid point  can be defined as

where  and  and  is the stagnation enthalpy of fluid point  relative to the rotating frame of reference , which is given by

and is known as relative stagnation enthalpy.

Rothalpy can also be defined in terms of absolute stagnation enthalpy:

where  is tangential component of fluid velocity .

Applications 
Rothalpy has applications in turbomachinery and study of relative flows in rotating systems.

One such application is that for steady, adiabatic and irreversible flow in a turbomachine, the value of rothalpy across a blade remains constant along a flow streamline:

so Euler equation of turbomachinery can be written in terms of rothalpy.

This form of the Euler work equation shows that, for rotating blade rows, the relative stagnation enthalpy is constant through the blades provided the blade speed is constant. In other words, , if the radius of a streamline passing through the blades stays the same. This result is important for analyzing turbomachinery flows in the relative frame of reference.

Naming 
The function  was first introduced by Wu (1952) and has acquired the widely used name rothalpy.

This quantity is commonly called rothalpy, a compound word combining the terms rotation and enthalpy. However, its construction does not conform to the established rules for formation of new words in the English language, namely, that the roots of the new word originate from the same language. The word trothalpy satisfies this requirement as trohos is the Greek root for wheel and enthalpy is to put heat in, whereas rotation is derived from Latin rotare.

See also 

 Stagnation enthalpy
 Euler's pump and turbine equation

References 

Fluid dynamics
Enthalpy
Pont Leclerc. The pont Leclerc is a covered bridge in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.

Among the last in Quebec, 34 covered bridges were constructed in Abitibi, and are associated with the colonisation of the region in the early 1900s. Today fewer than half of them are extant.

The single-lane bridge is of Lattice truss bridge design. This design was modified by the Quebec Ministry of Colonisation and was used for more than 500 covered bridges in Quebec.

It was renovated in 1947, 1949, and again in 1984. 

It is listed in the répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec.

References

See also 
List of covered bridges in Quebec

Buildings and structures in Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Bridges completed in 1927
Covered bridges in Canada
Road bridges in Quebec
Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station. Dwari Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: द्वारी खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Naumule, Dailekh District of Nepal. The flow from Dwari River is used to generate 3.75 MW electricity. The gross head is 450.40 m and design flow is 1.58 m3/s. The intake is located 3 km upstream of the confluence of the Dwari Khola and Lohore Khola and the powerhouse 300 meters downstream from the confluence.

The plant is owned and developed by Bhugol Energy Development Company Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2074-01-23BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-02-25 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid at Narayan Nagarpalika and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

The construction cost of the project was NPR 74 Crore.

Controversies
The local had sold 5m width of land stretching along the pipeline for construction works, but the project used 15 m without compensation.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Dailekh District
Bagmati Nadi Hydropower Station. Bagmati Nadi Hydropower Station (Nepali: बागमती नदी जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Makawanpur District of Nepal. The flow from Bagmati River is used to generate 22 MW electricity.

The plant is owned and developed by Mandu Hydropower Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The construction work started in 2016. The finishing was delayed by about 6 months owing to delay in penstock instalment. The plant started generating electricity from 2075-12-19BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-03-18 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Finance
The total cost of the project is NPR 4 billion. Prime Bank and 11 other bank invested 70% in the project and the remaining 30% was invested through equity share.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Makwanpur District
Molun Khola Small Hydropower Station. Molun Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: मोलुन खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Okhaldhunga District of Nepal. The flow from Molun River is used to generate 7 MW electricity. The plant is owned and developed by Molun Hydropower Co. Pvt. Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2074-12-12BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-06-01 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Okhaldhunga District
Theule Khola Hydropower Station. Theule Khola Hydropower Station (Nepali: ठिउले खोला जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Baglung District of Nepal. The flow from Theule River is used to generate 1.5 MW electricity.

The plant is owned and developed by Barahi Hydropower Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2075-03-24BS. The generation licence will expire in 2107-03-27 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

The power generated from the project will make up around 40 per cent of electricity demand for the district.

The project cost was NPR 345 million.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Upper Khorunga Hydropower Station. Upper Khorunga Hydropower Station (Nepali: माथिल्लो खोरुगां जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Terhathum District of Nepal. The flow from Khoranga River is used to generate 7.5 MW electricity. 

The plant is owned and developed by Terhathum Power Company Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2076-11-17BS. The generation licence will expire in 2106-11-06 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid at Jirikhimti Bazar and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Finance
Machhapuchhre Bank leading the consortium of Nepal Bangladesh Bank and Janata Bank Nepal financed NPR 1 billion in the project with a debt-equity ratio of 73%-27%.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Upper Naugad Hydropower Station. Upper Naugad Hydropower Station (Nepali: माथिल्लो नउगड जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Darchula District of Nepal. The flow from Naugad River is used to generate 8 MW electricity. The design flow is and gross head is 163.44 .

The plant is owned and developed by Api Power Company Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2076-07-13BS. The generation licence will expire in 2108-09-14 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid at Balanch of Shailya Shikhar Municipality and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Darchula District
Cube mold technology. Cube mold technology (also known as Rotating cube mold technology or Stack-turning molding) is a molding process for the manufacture of plastics components. This molding process allows to manufacture circular parts. This technology was introduced by Foboha (a business unit of Barnes Group) and Arburg.

Basic concept
The cube mold technology is characterized by components that rotate vertically round the axis. The lower section of the mold runs on the machine base and the lower machine tie bars. The top section of the part runs on the upper machine tie bars.
In this technology, components are molded within the rotating system at different steps.
Below are the different steps-
The initial moldings are performed in a cavity of the first parting line.
When mold is fully open, components remain on the side of the movable middle block and can be turned into the range of the second parting line by a 90° or by a 180° turn of this middle block.
After the mold closes again, the second component is injected into the cavity of the second parting line during which the pre-injection moldings area unit are set. 
The molded parts are removed at the fourth cycle of the operations. Cavity filling, cooling phase and parts removal are done in a parallel manner which eventually save cycle time.

See also
 Molding (process)
 Direct injection expanded foam molding
 Fusible core injection molding
 Metal injection molding
 Multi-material injection molding
 Reaction injection molding
 Gas-assisted injection molding
 Micro injection molding

References 

Injection molding
4-Aminodiphenylamine. 4-Aminodiphenylamine is a diphenylamine with an additional amine substituent. This dimer of aniline has various industrial uses, including as a hair dye ingredient, but also has raised concerns about toxicity by skin contact. It is also a starting material for the synthesis of 6PPD, an antiozonant for various rubber products. A colorimetric test for the quantitative analysis of nitrite, at levels below 100 nanograms per milliliter, is based on nitrite-catalyzed coupling of 4-aminodiphenylamine with N,N-dimethylaniline.

Synthesis
The most common route of industrial production is by the metal catalysed reaction of aniline with 4‑nitrochlorobenzene to give 4‑nitrodiphenylamine (Buchwald–Hartwig amination):

Subsequent hydrogenation gives 4-aminodiphenylamine. 
An alternative is the direct reaction of nitrobenzene with aniline via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (vicarious nucleophilic substitution). This again requires a reduction step but is a good example of industrial green chemistry as it eliminates the need for organochlorine starting materials and metal catalysts.

References 

Anilines
4-Aminophenyl compounds
Barbara Taylor Welander. Barbara Taylor Welander was the first registered female architect in the State of Iowa. 

Welander was one of a very few number of female students at the Iowa State University College of Engineering. She was appointed by the Governor to the Building Code Advisory Council, eventually becoming chairman. She was also on the Architectural Examining Board, becoming chairman of it. 

In 1975, Welander was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Women of America.

When Welander enrolled in Iowa State's architecture program in 1962, she was one of eleven women in the freshman class. At the end of the five-year program, she was the only woman.

References

Iowa State University alumni
American women architects
Architects from Iowa
SNCF Class BB 25150. The BB 25150 is a class of electric locomotives in service with the French railways SNCF, built by Materiel de Traction Electrique (MTE) between 1967 and 1976. They are dual voltage locomotives working off both 1500 V DC and 25 kV 50 Hz AC. Designed by André Jacquemin, the class is a development of the earlier BB 25100.

Construction and use

The locomotives were built in three batches. The first, of 20 units, was built between 1967 and 1968 and allocated to the depot at Chalindrey.These were numbered BB 25151–BB 25170. In 1974 a further 5 units, numbered BB 25171–BB 25175, were constructed and allocated to Chambéry. These were slightly longer and heavier than the first batch. Finally another 20, numbers BB 25176–BB 25195, were built between 1976 and 1977 and also allocated to Chambéry.

The Chambéry locomotives were principally used on the Bellegarde to Evian-les-Bains and Aix-les-Bains to Saint-Gervais-les-Bains services. In the winter sports season Chambéry would be allocated BB 25168 and BB 25169 from Chalindrey to assist with the extra traffic.

In 2009 the last members of the class were transferred to the depot at Vénissieux for use around Lyon.

Disposal
In 2003, BB 25180, BB 25184, BB 25194 and BB 25195 were rebuilt to Class BB 25200. Withdrawals of the remainder started in 2003 and continued until December 2011. BB 25188 was reinstated in February 2012, finally being withdrawn in December 2013.

Names
One member of the class, BB 25175, was named Le Creusot.

Preservation
Two members of the class have been preserved, BB 25188 at Chambéry, and BB 25173 at Mini Rail Nantais.

References

25150
B-B locomotives
25150
BB 25150
Standard gauge locomotives of France
Passenger locomotives
Stealth Mission. Stealth Mission is a 1988 video game published by Sublogic for the Commodore 64.

Gameplay
Stealth Mission is a game in which the player can choose from three different aircraft to pilot: the F-19 Stealth Fighter, the X-29 Swept Wing, and the F-14 Tomcat.

Reception
Brad Bombardiere reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "even though this game doesn't really offer the intensity that one could expect from other recent flight simulations, the potential buyer must weigh the abstract nature of the scenarios and somewhat slower pace against the graphic excellence and technical quality of the Sublogic line."

Reviews
Zzap! - May, 1988
Commodore Format - Jul, 1991
The Games Machine - Jun, 1988
Computer Gaming World - Jun, 1992

References

External links
Review in Compute!
Review in Info
Review in Power Play (German)
Review in Ahoy!
Review in Commodore Computing International
Review in Commodore Magazine
Review in Commodore Computer Club
Review in Arcades (French)

1988 video games
Combat flight simulators
Commodore 64 games
Commodore 64-only games
Sublogic games
Video games developed in the United States
Lihiniya MK I. The Lihiniya MK 1 () is an unmanned aerial vehicle under development by the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) and the Centre for Research and Development (CRD) as an experimental platform to test technologies for its indigenous UAV program. 

During the civil war the SLAF used UAVs for reconnaissance operations. They used drones from US and Israel such as the IAI Searcher, E.M.I.T Blue Horizon 2 and the RQ-2 Pioneer. In 2010 the Sri Lanka Air Force started to build the prototypes of a new locally made UAV under the supervision of the Air Chief Marshal.

Design
The aircraft is a HTOL UAV with a high wing, twin-boom tail and a single pusher engine. The Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) developed by the CRD consists of the UAV aircraft, two ground control stations (GCS) and a mobile Advanced Ground Control Station (AGCS). The data from this UAS program is being used for the development of the Lihiniya MK II which will have a range of 100km.

Deployments
Lihiniya MK1 deployed to No. 111 Squadron SLAF in SLAF Base Vauniya. In 2022 Remote triggering mechanism for aerial firing introduced to Lihiniya UAVs.

Specifications

See also 
 No. 111 Squadron SLAF

References 

Post–Cold War military equipment of Sri Lanka
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Mini Small Outline Package. The Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) is a miniaturized version of the small outline integrated circuit packaging format for integrated circuits.

Application 
Many integrated circuits are available in the MSOP form factor. They are suited for space-limited applications requiring 1 mm or less mounted height and are commonly used in disk drives, video/audio and consumer electronics.

Physical properties  
The size of the Mini Small Outline Package is only 3mm × 3mm for the 8 and 10 pin versions and 3mm × 4mm for the 12 and 16 pin version. The small package offers a small footprint, short wires for improved electrical connections, and good moisture reliability.
Some versions have an exposed pad on the bottom side. The exposed pad will be soldered on the PCB to transfer heat from the package to the PCB.

Synonyms
 μMAX or micro max - Maxim name for the msop package.
 μMAX-EP or micro max exposed pad - Maxim name for the msop package with exposed pad.
 MSE - Linear Technology name for the msop package with exposed pad.

See also 
 List of electronic component packaging types

References 

Semiconductor packages
Upper Mardi Hydropower Station. Upper Mardi Hydropower Station (Nepali: माथिल्लो मार्दी जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Kaski District of Nepal. The flow from Mardi River, a tributary of Gandaki River, is used to generate 7 MW electricity. The design flow is 2.60 m3/s and design gross head is 335 m.

The plant is owned and developed by United Idimardi and R.B. Hydropower Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2019. The generation licence will expire in 2052, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Finance
The project was financed by Prime Commercial Bank Limited in conjunction with Century Commercial Bank and Janata Bank as coalition.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
2019 establishments in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Kaski District
Super Mai Hydropower Station. Super Mai Hydropower Station (Nepali: सुपर माई जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-the-river hydro-electric plant located in Ilam District of Nepal. The flow from Mai River is used to generate 7.8 MW electricity.

The plant is owned and developed by Supermai Hydropower Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity in 2018. The generation licence will expire in 2052, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

Finance
The project was constructed with a joint investment of NPR 1.50 billion by Siddhartha Bank, Sanima Bank, Century Commercial Bank and Jyoti Bikas Bank.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
2018 establishments in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Ilam District
Rudi Khola-B Hydropower Station. Rudi Khola-B Hydropower Station (Nepali: रुदी खोला जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Kaski District of Nepal. The flow from Rudi River is generating 6.6 MW electricity. The design head is 325 m and flow is 2.55 m3/s at Q40%

The plant is owned and developed by Bindhyabasini Hydropower Development Co. Pvt Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2076-11-05BS. The generation licence will expire in 2109-02-25 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

External links
Salient features of the project

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Kaski District
Padam Khola Small Hydropower Station. Padam Khola Small Hydropower Station (Nepali: पदम खोला सानो जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in   Dailekh District of Nepal. The flow from Padam River is used to generate 4.8 MW electricity. The design flow is 2.27 m3/s and design head is 243.4 m.

The plant is owned and developed by Dolti Power Company P. Ltd, an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2018 (2076-09-08BS) The generation licence will expire in 2053 (2109-06-28 BS) after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
2018 establishments in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Dailekh District
Gate capacitance. In electronics, gate capacitance is the capacitance of the gate terminal of a field-effect transistor (FET).  It can be expressed as the absolute capacitance of the gate of a transistor, or as the capacitance per unit area of an integrated circuit technology, or as the capacitance per unit width of minimum-length transistors in a technology.

In generations of approximately Dennard scaling of metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs), the capacitance per unit area has increased inversely with device dimensions.  Since the gate area has gone down by the square of device dimensions, the gate capacitance of a transistor has gone down in direct proportion with device dimensions.  With Dennard scaling, the capacitance per unit of gate width has remained approximately constant; this measurement can include gate–source and gate–drain overlap capacitances.  Other scalings are not uncommon; the voltages and gate oxide thicknesses have not always decreased as rapidly as device dimensions, so the gate capacitance per unit area has not increased as fast, and the capacitance per transistor width has sometimes decreased over generations.

The intrinsic gate capacitance (that is, ignoring fringing fields and other details) for a silicon-dioxide-insulated gate can be calculated from thin-oxide capacitance per unit area as:

 

where:
  is the gate area
  is the thin-oxide capacitance per unit area, where 
 is the relative permittivity of silicon dioxide
  is the vacuum permittivity
  is the oxide thickness.

References

Semiconductor technology
Super Mai-A Hydropower Station. Super Mai-A Hydropower Station (Nepali: सुपर माई A जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-the-river hydro-electric plant located in Ilam District of Nepal. The flow from Mai River is used to generate 9.6 MW electricity. The design head is 199.3 m.

The plant is owned and developed by Sagarmatha Jalbidhyut Company Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2077-02-32BS. The generation licence will expire in 2109-11-17 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government.  The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.

See also

List of power stations in Nepal

References

Hydroelectric power stations in Nepal
Gravity dams
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Nepal
Irrigation in Nepal
Buildings and structures in Ilam District