omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of automated transit networks suppliers. This is a list of well-known automated transit networks suppliers.

List of operational ATN systems
Currently, five advanced transit networks (ATN) systems are operational, and several more are in the planning stage.

 GRT stands for Group Rapid Transit which use larger capacity vehicles.  Morgantown PRT and the ParkShuttle are quasi-PRT system because they lack some PRT features such as 100% on-demand service.

Commissioning pending

List of automated transit networks (ATN) suppliers
The following table summarizes several well-known automated transit networks (ATN) suppliers based on a comprehensive list from 2020.

 Boeing Vertol's successors are not marketing the Morgantown PRT system and are no longer making transit vehicles .
 CabinTaxi is not undergoing further development but a US firm holds rights to the patents and is marketing the system.
 The Alden staRRcar system was the basis of the Morgantown PRT.  However it also developed separate models.
 The Cabtrack test track used battery powered vehicles but the production model was planned to have power supplied by a bus-bar in the guideway
 Vehicles in "dual mode" systems can use the specialized guideway or ordinary roads.
 Spartan Superway is a non-commercial, ongoing research program staffed by multi-disciplinary students organised by the engineering department of San Jose State University.

See also
 Shweeb, a human powered suspended PRT design, which has a rideable prototype track in Rotorua, New Zealand.

References

Private transport
Al Kurtenbach. Aelred J. (Al) Kurtenbach (born January 3, 1934) is an American electrical engineer. He appointed to the South Dakota State Senate in 2004 to complete the term of Larry Diedrich.

Kurtenbach is the founder of Daktronics, Inc., based in Brookings, South Dakota. He attended the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, the University of Nebraska and Purdue University. He was also a professor at South Dakota State University. He was awarded an honorary degree from Purdue University in 2011 and one from South Dakota State in 2007. He has been a member of the Brookings School Board, South Dakota Board of Regents, Education Committee for the South Dakota Chamber of Commerce & Industry, South Dakota Enterprise Institute, and the board of the National Association of Manufacturers

References

Living people
1934 births
People from Hutchinson County, South Dakota
American electrical engineers
Republican Party South Dakota state senators
South Dakota State University faculty
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology alumni
Purdue University alumni
University of Nebraska alumni
School board members in South Dakota
People from Brookings, South Dakota
21st-century members of the South Dakota Legislature
Francis M. McDaniel Jr.. Francis Marion McDaniel Jr. (March 25, 1923 – February 1, 2018) was an American politician in the state of South Dakota who served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives. He is an alumnus of Black Hills State University, Northrop University and was an aeronautic engineer and car dealer. He worked as an engineer for the Western Eletrochemical Company and the American Potash and Chemical Company. McDaniel died in Hot Springs, South Dakota on February 1, 2018, at the age of 94.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Black Hills State University alumni
Democratic Party members of the South Dakota House of Representatives
Northrop University alumni
People from Dewey County, South Dakota
20th-century members of the South Dakota Legislature
Hospi. HOSPI is a hospital delivery robot manufactured by Panasonic. HOSPI service robots were originally developed to be used in healthcare amid Japan's rapidly aging society. It features autonomous navigation capabilities, which allows it navigate using onboard sensors instead of obtrusive rail systems or delineated routes.

Development 
The HOSPI robot was launched in 2004. It was built to move autonomously through the pre-installed mapping information within them. It is installed with an on-board sensor and an advanced collision-avoidance system that helps it to move around avoiding obstacles, and stop if a person suddenly runs in front of it. At IREX in 2013, Panasonic introduced a new version of the robot and began to conduct hospital trials of it. Those trials were declared successful and Panasonic began to sell the robots.

In January 2017, the Crowne Plaza ANA Narita hotel began using HOSPI robots primarily for serving drinks and clearing the tables.  Panasonic also announced in the same year that there are four hospitals in Japan that use the HOSPI technology. In the same period, Narita International Airport also became the location of the first demonstration experiment of a HOSPI variant designed as an autonomous signage robot. This experiment is designed to evaluate the value of the signage robot in such a setting.

Capabilities

Hospi has security features that prevent theft, its contents from being stolen.

Hospi is able to deliver loads that are timely and loads that humans are incapable of carrying.

Hospi is programmed and equipped with sensors to efficiently and flexibly navigate a hospital layout. Hospi is able to do this also do this all autonomously

Real Implementation

Changi general hospital uses hospi as part of the hospitals’ porter management system

In 2017, Hospi was tested at a hotel call ANA Crowne Plaza Narita hotel and in Narita International Airport.

See also
 Pharmacy automation
 Robotic surgery
 Rehabilitation robotics
 Biorobotics

References

Medical robotics
Pharmacy
Panasonic
Fayetteville Ice and Manufacturing Company: Plant and Engineer's House. Fayetteville Ice and Manufacturing Company: Plant and Engineer's House is a historic ice factory and home located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina.  The ice plant was built in 1908, is constructed of brick and is composed of several sections including an ice storage room, a tank or freezing section, and an engine room. The engineer's house is a one-story center-hall plan frame dwelling with a rear ell and hip roof.  It features a one-story full-facade porch with Tuscan order columns.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

References

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Industrial buildings completed in 1908
Buildings and structures in Fayetteville, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, North Carolina
Houses in Cumberland County, North Carolina
1908 establishments in North Carolina
Brick buildings and structures in North Carolina
Molecular gyroscope. Molecular gyroscopes are chemical compounds or supramolecular complexes containing a rotor that moves freely relative to a stator, and therefore act as gyroscopes. Though any single bond or triple bond permits a chemical group to freely rotate, the compounds described as gyroscopes may protect the rotor from interactions, such as in a crystal structure with low packing density or by physically surrounding the rotor avoiding steric contact. A qualitative distinction can be made based on whether the activation energy needed to overcome rotational barriers is higher than the available thermal energy. If the activation energy required is higher than the available thermal energy, the rotor undergoes "site exchange", jumping in discrete steps between local energy minima on the potential energy surface. If there is thermal energy sufficiently higher than that needed to overcome the barrier to rotation, the molecular rotor can behave more like a macroscopic freely rotating inertial mass.

For example, several studies in 2002 with a p-phenylene rotor found that some structures using variable-temperature (VT) solid-state 13C CPMAS and quadrupolar echo 2H NMR were able to detect a two-site exchange rate of 1.6 MHz (over 106/second at 65 °C), described as "remarkably fast for a phenylene group in a crystalline solid", with steric barriers of 12–14 kcal/mol. However, tert-butyl modification of the rotor increased the exchange rate to over 108 per second at room temperature, and the rate for inertially rotating p-phenylene without barriers is estimated to be approximately 2.4 x 1012 revolutions per second.

References 

Supramolecular chemistry
Chemical physics
Eurasia Aviation Corporation. Eurasia Aviation Corporation () was a Chinese airline headquartered in Shanghai. The company had a Sino-German joint-venture with Deutsche Luft Hansa. Eurasia, classified as a state-owned airline by the Ministry of Communications of China, operated the Junkers W33 and, later, the three-engined Junkers Ju 52.The main fleet base was Hong Kong. When the Japanese began occupying portions of China in the late 1930s, the airline encountered difficulty.

On the day of the Pearl Harbor attack, about a dozen of Imperial Japanese Army Air Force's Ki-36 attack bombers from the 45th Sentai, escorted by nine Ki-27s from the 10th Dokuritsu Hikō Chutai led by Captain Akira Takatsuki, attacked Kai Tak airfield, Hong Kong, destroying many civilian and combat aircraft of the Commonwealth, the CNAC, and three Eurasia Aviation's Junkers 52/3m airliners; these were believed to have been aircraft ‘XIX’ (fmr. D-AGEI), ‘XXII’ (fmr. D-ABIZ) and ‘XXIV’ (fmr. D-AIMP). A fourth Junkers, believed to have been ‘XV’ (fmr. D-ANYK) was undamaged, as was a single Junkers W 34 ‘II’ (fmr. D-7).

Routes
Routes included Shanghai-Lanzhou, Beiping (Beijing)-Henan, Liangzhou-Urumqi, and Shanghai-Manzhouli.

Accidents and incidents 
The following accidents and incidents occurred on Eurasia aircraft:

 Junkers Ju-52/3m XVIII crashed after engine failure in Kunming on 1 August 1937.
 Junkers Ju-52/3mge XXI crashed during a landing attempt in strong crosswinds in Wuhan on 16 July 1938.
 Junkers Ju-52/3mge XXIII Chiao T'ung 1 crashed into a mountain west of Guizhou near Weining on a passenger flight from Chongqing to Kunming on 12 March 1939. Four of the six occupants were killed.
 Junkers Ju-52/3m XVII Lanchow was destroyed while standing by fire after being strafed by Japanese fighters in Hanzhong on 6 May 1939.
 Junkers Ju-52/3mte XXV was attacked by three Japanese fighters on its delivery flight and forcibly landed in a rice field near Kunming where it was strafed and caught fire on 26 October 1940. Both occupants survived.
 Junkers Ju-52/3m XX was destroyed by a Japanese bombing while standing at Chengdu Airfield on 30 December 1940.
 Junkers Ju-52/3m XXII and Junkers Ju-52/3m XT-AGE were both destroyed while standing at Hong Kong-Kai Tak International Airport during a Japanese bombing on 8 December 1941.
 Junkers Ju-52/3m XT-ABE Suchow was destroyed while standing at Guilin during a Japanese air raid on 11 December 1941.

See also
 China National Aviation Corporation
 Civil aviation in China

References

Further reading
 Moeller, Peter and Larry D. Sall. Eurasia Aviation Corporation - A German-Chinese Airline in China and its Airmail 1931-1943. 2007.

External links
 

Companies based in Shanghai
Lufthansa
Defunct airlines of China
Interlocking Forms. Interlocking Forms is an outdoor 1977 Indiana Limestone sculpture by Donald Wilson, located in downtown Portland, Oregon.

Description and history

Interlocking Forms is an abstract geometric sculpture by Donald Wilson, who intended to create "just a human kind of presence in its relation to human beings in the environment". It is made of Indiana Limestone and measures approximately  x  x . The piece was commissioned by TriMet for $25,000; twenty percent of the funds came from TriMet and eighty percent came from the United States Department of Transportation. It was originally installed in the Transit Mall in 1977, along with ten other sculptures, to make the area "more people oriented and attractive". Its condition was deemed "treatment needed" by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in October 1993. In 2008, it was relocated to the intersection of Southwest 5th Avenue and Southwest Washington Street as part of the Portland Mall Revitalization Project.

See also

 1977 in art
 Holon (1978–1979; re-carved 2003–2004), another Portland sculpture by Wilson

References

1977 establishments in Oregon
1977 sculptures
Abstract sculptures in Oregon
Limestone sculptures in Oregon
Outdoor sculptures in Southwest Portland, Oregon
Sculptures on the MAX Green Line
Stone sculptures in Portland, Oregon
Edward R. Dougherty. Edward R. Dougherty is an American mathematician, electrical engineer, Robert M. Kennedy '26 Chair, and Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at Texas A&M University. He is also the Scientific Director of the Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering. Dougherty is a specialist in  nonlinear image processing, small-sample classification problems, and modeling gene regulatory networks. He is the Fellow of IEEE and SPIE.

Dougherty is the author of 16 books, whose topics range from basic probability books to advanced computational biology and genomic systems engineering. He proposed the Probabilistic Boolean Network (PBN) model for gene regulatory networks. PBNs have been extensively used for intervention and classification in genomic problems. He has also introduced the notion of Bolstered Error Estimation and Coefficient of Determination for Nonlinear Signal Processing.

Honors and awards
2012 Distinguished Professor,  Texas A&M University
 2011 Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
 2010 Fellow, Texas Engineering Experiment Station
 2007 Doctor Honoris Causa, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere University of Technology
2004 International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE) President's Award
2000 Fellow,  International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE)

Bibliography

References

1945 births
Living people
People from New Jersey
Texas A&M University faculty
Rutgers University alumni
Fairleigh Dickinson University faculty
Fairleigh Dickinson University alumni
Rochester Institute of Technology faculty
Couque de Dinant. The Couque de Dinant () is an extremely hard, sweet biscuit native to the southern Belgian city of Dinant in Wallonia.

Preparation
Couques are made with only two ingredients: wheat flour and honey, in equal amounts by weight, and nothing else at all: not even water or yeast. The dough is put in a wooden mould made from wood from the pear tree, walnut tree or beech tree. The moulds have a wide variety of shapes, which include animals, floral motifs, people or landscapes. 

The biscuit is cooked in an oven preheated to around  for 15 minutes, which allows the honey to caramelize. On cooling, the biscuit becomes very hard, and can be preserved indefinitely. Due to this property, couques can be displayed as decoration, used as Christmas tree ornaments, or used to commemorate special occasions.

A variant, the couque de Rins also adds sugar to the dough. It is sweeter and softer as a result.

Consumption

Due to their extreme hardness and fairly large size, couques de Dinant are not intended to be bitten into directly. They are instead broken into fragments and can then be bitten, sucked, left to melt in the mouth or be soaked in coffee. Couques de Dinant have been traditionally given to babies during teething.

While Dinant bakeries see large sales over the summer season due to tourists, consumption of couques is highest near Saint Nicholas Day in December. At that time of year, they are sold and eaten all over Belgium.

Origins
A popular though unlikely legend holds that the couques arose from the sacking of Dinant in 1466 by Charles the Bold in the Liège Wars. The citizens were supposedly desperate and had little to eat but flour and honey, so they conceived of making a dough out of the two mixed together. As the dough was so firm, they had the idea of printing it in the negative in dinanderie (local ornate brasswork), and thereby began the tradition of giving them patterns.

Much more certain is that the couque began to appear some time in the 18th century, though the exact circumstances of its invention are unclear.

See also

 Belgian cuisine
 List of crackers

References

Dinant
Biscuits
Christmas food
Belgian desserts
Ülemiste City. Ülemiste City is a business park in Tallinn, Estonia, on the territory of the former factory complex Dvigatel in Ülemiste neighbourhood. It is situated between Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport, shopping centre Ülemiste Keskus and the Ülemiste railway station, forming the core of the Ülemiste subdistrict.

History

The factory complex Dvigatel, built in the end of the 19th century for producing railway cars and other machinery for the Russian Empire, lost its raison d’être after Estonia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. After its privatization and some unsuccessful attempts to restore former production capacities, the new owners decided to reprofile the business. In 2005, AS Mainor launched the transformation of the favourably-located 36 ha old industrial area into a modern technology campus, drawing inspiration from Kista near Stockholm, called the Silicon Valley of the Nordic countries. In 2010, the Finnish company Technopolis was included in the development of the business park.

Current campus

The mission of Ülemiste City is to create a knowledge-based environment with an international reach for working, living and development that would increase the competitiveness of people and businesses, attract talented people and inspire the creation of new business models.

As of 2014, there are 300 businesses with 6,000 employees working on 82,000 m2 of office spaces. A range of services for businesses and employees are available. The Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Tallinn European School and Kalli-Kalli kindergarten are located in Ülemiste City. The campus also houses the E-Estonia showroom and Estonia’s biggest restaurant Dvigatel.

Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport, Ülemiste Keskus – the biggest shopping centre in Estonia –, the largest interchange in Estonia, Ülemiste railway station and Hotel Ülemiste are all situated in the immediate vicinity.

Ülemiste City is developed by two separate companies. A third of the territory is being developed by Technopolis Ülemiste AS, 51% of which is owned by the Finnish company Technopolis Plc. Two thirds of the campus is being developed by Mainor Ülemiste AS, the majority shareholder being AS Mainor.

Future perspectives

The vision of Ülemiste City is to grow into a multifunctional campus operating 24/7, incorporating 15,000 employees of different businesses and organisations as well as 5,000 inhabitants.

In the near future, many important infrastructure projects (Rail Baltica passenger terminal, extension of a tramline through Ülemiste City to the airport) and other real-estate developments are planned in the Ülemiste area.

Trivia

The buildings in Ülemiste City are named after prodigies of Estonian science and innovation. For instance, buildings bearing the names of Ludvig Puusepp, Walter Zapp, Ragnar Nurkse, , , Artur Lind, , Johannes Käis, Boris Tamm, Bernhard Schmidt and Ernst Öpik can be found on the campus.

References

Buildings and structures in Tallinn
Business parks
John F. Elliott. John Frank Elliott (July 31, 1920 – April 15, 1991) was an American professor of metallurgy who made significant contributions to the science of pyrometallurgy during his long career at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Early life and education 

Elliott was born July 31, 1920, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and studied metallurgical engineering at the University of Minnesota where he graduated with distinction in 1942. After serving as a Lieutenant commander in the US Navy during World War II, he completed his Doctorate of Science at MIT in 1949.

Career 

Elliot joined the research laboratories of U.S. Steel before leaving for the Inland Steel Company where he was active in research relating to quality control. This was a time of growth for the US steel industry and there was significant funding for research into improving the steelmaking process and tightening the chemistry of new steel grades being developed. Elliott and his co-workers focused on developing understanding of the chemical thermodynamics the steelmaking process, an emphasis that he continued when returning to MIT in 1955 as an associate professor of metallurgy. He became a full professor in 1960 and over the next three decades published over 200 papers on steelmaking, high temperature chemistry, hot corrosion of materials and principles of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. His two volume "Thermochemistry of Steelmaking" became a major source of basic data for the steel industry. Elliot's work with Sigworth on the solution behaviour of minor element in iron established an effective and relatively simple technique for predicting the outcome of steelmaking reactions. Elliott became director of the Mining and Minerals Resources Research Institute (MMRRI) at MIT which was created by the United States Bureau of Mines in 1978. The Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST) have an annual lectureship award named after him that honors his contribution to the field. MIT also has a Professorship of Materials Chemistry named after him, which in 2013 was filled by Donald Sadoway.

Death 
Elliott died of a brain tumor on April 15, 1991, in Winchester, Massachusetts, at the age of 70.

References

External links

1920 births
1991 deaths
MIT School of Engineering faculty
American metallurgists
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni