omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
DRG Class 62. The Class 62 engines were standard (see Einheitsdampflokomotiven) passenger train tank locomotives of Germany's Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG).

The Class 62s were developed and delivered by the firm of Henschel for the Reichsbahn during the 1920s. The engines were two-cylinder superheated steam locomotives. Fifteen units were manufactured. Although the engines were built as early as 1928, the Deutsche Reichsbahn did not take over numbers 62 003–015 until 1932. This was due to the low priority for such engines in the Reichsbahn, as well as the high cost. During the 1930s they were stationed at the locomotive depots (Bahnbetriebswerke or Bw) of Düsseldorf marshalling yard, Sassnitz on the island of Rügen and Meiningen. After the Second World War eight examples were left in the hands of the DR in East Germany and seven with the Deutsche Bundesbahn.

Up to 1967, engines in GDR were distributed around various depots including, for example, Meiningen, Berlin Ostbahnhof and Rostock. The engines also spent a short while in Wittenberge and Berlin-Lichtenberg depots. Number 62 007 was stationed from 8 April to 6 May 1967 in Schwerin, but was only stored there. In 1968 they were assembled at Frankfurt (Oder) shed. There the engines hauled trains on the Frankfurt (Oder)-Erkner route. At the beginning of 1970 only numbers 62 007, 62 014 and 62 015 were still in operation, in the Est Wriezen where they headed trains to  Berlin-Lichtenberg. Number 62 007 was retired there in 1972, the last engine in schedule services, but continued to be used as a heating engine until 1973. The only surviving locomotive, no. 62 015, is today owned by the DB (Nuremberg Transport Museum) and is housed in the locomotive shed of the former Dresden-Altstadt depot. Until 1997 the engine was used to haul nostalgia trains.

Immediately after the war, after they had been sent to Wuppertal, the Deutsche Bundesbahn housed its vehicles at Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Essen, and Krefeld. By 1956 the DB's Class 62s had been taken out of service. The last engine, 62 003, was retired in 1968 in Schwerte, after it had served as an instructional model from 1956 to 1966 in the engine driver school in Troisdorf.

See also 
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

Literature 
 
 Thomas Frister; Hansjürgen Wenzel (ed.): Lokporträt Baureihe 62 Eisenbahn-Bildarchiv – Vol. 41. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, 
 
 
 
 

62
4-6-4T locomotives
62
Henschel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Passenger locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
2′C2′ h2t locomotives
Dart 18. The Dart 18 is a one-design  long glassfibre sailing catamaran. It is designed to be sailed by two people and can achieve speeds of up to 20 knots.
This is reflected in its Portsmouth Yardstick of 805 and D-PN of 76.3

History
The Dart 18 was designed and built by Panthercraft, which was formed in 1969

The first Dart 18, designed and built in Falmouth, Cornwall, is now owned by the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. Up to the present, a number of improvements have been made, but the original concept was preserved through strict class rules. More than 8350 boats have been built up to 2016, which are sailed in more than 16 nations on 4 continents. 
Since 2012, Windsport International holds the worldwide licence to build the Dart 18. 

The boats are manufactured since 2005 at Collins Fibreglass Plastics in South Africa and in Europe.
The World Championship results can be found here.

Design
The hulls of the Dart 18 are similar to most sailing catamarans, but without centreboards. 
Instead, the lower part of the hulls have skegs typical for a beach catamaran.
The hull material is glassfibre. Both hulls are filled with flotation inserts to preserve buoyancy
in case of damage. The inside of each hull can be reached through a hatch cover located
at the rear of each hull. The boat is assembled by attaching the main and rear beams 
to the hulls with spring-loaded retaining clips, and lacing the trampoline to the beams and hulls.
The two rudders are removable without tools, retract on impact with the beach, and can be locked in the up position.

The rigging consists of a rotating mast held by a forestay and two shroud wires. The shrouds can be adjusted by simply moving the bolts in the chainplates. The Dart 18 mast does not have spreaders.
There is a trapeze for the crew.

The mainsail does not have a boom, has nine full battens, and is controlled by a main sheet with a 7:1 
mechanical advantage. 
The jib sail has two short battens, and is controlled by a jib sheet with a 2:1 mechanical advantage.
The main sheet block and both jib sheet blocks have a ratchet and a cleat.

A gennaker sail can be added, but is not legal for racing. This is usually combined with a jib furling system. The boat can also be sailed by one person, without a foresail, with a D-PN of 78.7.

Events

World Championships

See also
 List of multihulls

References

External links

UK Dart 18 Catamaran History 
UK Dart 18 Catamaran Association
SA Dart 18 Catamaran Association
ISAF 2020 class report for the Dart 18
National Maritime Museum Cornwall
Windsport, supplier of Dart18 boats and parts

Classes of World Sailing
World championships in sailing
Catamarans
Dinghies
1970s sailboat type designs
Sailboat types built by LaserPerformance
Crémaillère. A crémaillère is a French, mechanical term for the rack, or a straight bar with teeth on one edge designed to work into the teeth of a wheel or a pinion (French pignon) that predates the Renaissance. The term was generally applied in English to engineering applications which had notched, toothed or drilled surface, even when only visually so, such as the edge of the staircase. The term is also applied to the rack railway.

During the 17th to 19th centuries, the term was widely applied to lines of entrenchment usually formed in a saw-tooth pattern, known as indented lines, particularly during sieges. These lines are usually employed on banks of rivers, or ground which is more elevated than, or which commands, that of the enemy. The defense of these lines is sometimes strengthened by double redans, and flat bastions constructed at intervals, along their front. During the American Civil War, the Confederate States Army used such defenses in  Centerville, Virginia in 1862, while the Union Army used them from 1883 to 1865 at Fort C. F. Smith in Alexandria County  (now Arlington County), Virginia.

The term is also applied in artillery to refer to an indented battery, or à Crémaillère constructed with salient and re-entering angles for obtaining an oblique, as well as a direct fire, and to afford shelter form an enfilade fire of the enemy.

The term is also used in surgical instruments, where the "crémaillère" is the toothed hook between the legs of the needle holder, keeping the needle holder locked and thus the needle in place in the needle holder.

In modern French, the crémaillère may also refer to a chimney hook or pot crane: the hook in the fireplace where a cooking pot was traditionally hung.  The phrase “pendre la crémaillère” (literally “to hang the chimney hook”) is an expression meaning “to have a housewarming party”.

Citations and notes

References
 Glossary of Automotive Terminology: French-English English-French, Engineering Standards and Data Dept, Society of Automotive Engineers, Chrysler Corporation, 1977
 Mahan, Dennis Hart, Prud'homme, John Francis Eugene, A Treatise on Field Fortification: Containing Instructions on the Methods of laying out, constructing, defending and attacking entrenchments with the general outlines also of the arrangement, the attack and defence of permanent fortifications, (3rd ed.) Confederate States of America Collection (Library of Congress), Joseph Meredith Toner Collection (Library of Congress), John Wiley, New York, 1862
 Henry Lee, (Colonel ), Military dictionary: comprising technical definitions: information on raising and keeping troops; actual service, including makeshifts and improved materiel; and law, government, regulation, and administration relating to land forces, D. Van Nostrand, Trubner and co, New York, 1861
 Spearman J. Morton, (Captain), The British gunner, (3rd Ed.)Military Library Whitehall, 1844

Military terminology
Fortification (architectural elements)
Gears

fr:Crémaillère
Super Shimakaze-class destroyer. The  were a projected class of destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), developed during the Second World War. The intention was to develop a mass-production destroyer based on the experimental destroyer . The IJN Fleet Command gave them the project number V6. However, the project was cancelled with none of the proposed ships being completed, because the IJN was heavily crippled at Midway in June 1942.

They were a lengthened version of the . These destroyers carried the most torpedo tubes out of any destroyer in the war, but no torpedo reloads were carried. Such a payload of torpedoes could have sunk a heavily armoured battleship in one go. A potent destroyer, they came too late in the war to do anything that could have changed the situation.

General characteristics

The only destroyer was  long overall, had a beam of , a draught of , and a depth of 7.10 metres. It displaced 2,570 tonnes at standard load and 3,048 tonnes at full load. It was powered by 3 Kampon water-tube boilers which fed steam to two Kampon geared steam turbines at two shafts, giving 75,000 shaft horsepower (55 MW). This allowed her to reach speeds exceeding . She was able to travel at a maximum range of  at a speed of .

Armament

The main battery consisted of six 127 mm (5.0 in)/50 cal DP guns. Like all other Japanese destroyers these had a quite low rate of fire. The turrets that they are mounted on also were pretty slow at turning. They also carried an unknown number of Type 96 25 mm anti-aircraft guns, and an unknown number of Type 44 depth charges. For their torpedo, they carried 15 610 mm torpedo tubes which launch the Type 93 torpedoes.

Ships in class

Bibliography
Rekishi Gunzō, History of Pacific War Vol.23 Akizuki class destroyers, Gakken (Japan), 1999, 
Collection of writings by Sizuo Fukui Vol.5, Stories of Japanese Destroyers, Kōjinsha (Japan) 1993, 

Destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy
World War II destroyers of Japan
Destroyer classes
Proposed ships
DRG Class 81. The locomotives of the German DRG Class 81 were standard (Einheitsdampflokomotiven) goods train tank locomotives with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG).

In 1928, ten examples were delivered by the firm of Hanomag that matched the Class 80 locomotives in many details. The axles were all fixed rigidly to the frame, but the middle one had thinner wheel flanges. In contrast to the Class 80s, the Class 81 engines had a larger heating area and carried more coal and water. The delivery of 60 more vehicles was cancelled in 1940 due to the Second World War. The locomotives were mainly employed on heavy shunting duties. After their collection, the ten engines were allocated to the locomotive depots (Bahnbetriebswerken or Bw) of Goslar (81 001–005) and Oldenburg (81 006–010). In 1945 all the engines were in the Oldenburg area and went over to the Deutsche Bundesbahn.  The last engine was taken out of service in October 1963. Number 81 005 was still working as an industrial loco in AW Nied after its retirement from the DB.

Preserved locomotives 
Number 81 004 is the only one of its type to have been preserved. After passing through several owners and locations, it has found a home with the Hessencourrier society, who intend to have it refurbished.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References

81
0-8-0T locomotives
81
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
Hanomag locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
D h2t locomotives
Freight locomotives
Locomotion (periodical). Locomotion is a railway-related magazine published irregularly in Australia by the Australian Railway Historical Society, New South Wales Division. It is edited by the same team who produce Railway Digest.

Aim 
The editorial slant is towards locomotives, both steam and diesel.

ISSN

Issues 
 Summer 2008 (January) was Issue 1. It concentrated on diesel locomotives
 Winter 2008 (August) was Issue 2. It concentrated on steam locomotives and included overseas preserved items.

See also 
 List of railroad-related periodicals

References

Rail transport magazines published in Australia
Magazines established in 2008
2008 establishments in Australia
Mass media in New South Wales
Irregularly published magazines
DRG Class 84. The German DRG Class 84s were standard (see Einheitsdampflokomotive) goods train tank locomotives with the Deutsche Reichsbahn. A total of twelve engines were placed into service by the Reichsbahn between 1935 and 1937. The machines were given operating numbers 84 001–012. They were worked on the Müglitz Valley Railway (Müglitztalbahn) between Heidenau and Altenberg in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), for which they were specially designed to negotiate tight curves. They were manufactured by the firms of Berliner Maschinenbau and Orenstein & Koppel. One feature was that they were Berliner-built locomotives were fitted with Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogies, while the O&K-built had Luttermöller axles.

In the Second World War many of the engines were damaged and had to be sidelined as a result. The vehicles were taken over by the DR in East Germany after the war. The engines were mainly used between Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt.

The entire class was withdrawn between 1966 and 1968 apart from one, and all were scrapped.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References

External links 
 Einheitslok Baureihe 84 Müglitztalbahn

84
2-10-2T locomotives
84
Railway locomotives introduced in 1935
Berliner locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
1′E1′ h3t locomotives
1′E1′ h2t locomotives
Freight locomotives
Orenstein & Koppel locomotives
DRG Class 87. The German Class 87 was a standard (see Einheitsdampflokomotive) goods train tank locomotive with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). It was specifically designed by the firm of Orenstein & Koppel for use in Hamburg Harbour. The harbour lines had minimal curve radii of only  and high train loads to be moved. The axle load had to be no more than . These requirements resulted in an axle count of five axles. In order to keep wear and tear on the running gear within acceptable limits only the middle three wheelsets were linked by coupling rods, the two Luttermöller outside axles were driven by cogs.

Due to damage the vehicles were partly also operated as 1′D, D1′ or 1′C1′ engines.

From 1951 they were superseded by DB Class 82 locomotives.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References

87
0-10-0T locomotives
87
Railway locomotives introduced in 1927
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
E h2t locomotives
Freight locomotives
Orenstein & Koppel locomotives
OGK-1. The First Generation Company of the Wholesale Electricity Market (OGK-1) was a large Russian company formed by the merger of six electricity generation companies.

History
The company was established in 2005 by merging six power plants into one company.  Before 1 July 2008, about 92% of the company's shares was owned by RAO UES, Russian state-controlled energy holding company.  As a result of the electricity market reform, 43% of shares was transferred to the Federal Grid Company of Russia, 23% to RusHydro, and 34% was distributed to minority shareholders.

On March 17, 2009 the rights under 61,9% of voting shares were transferred to Inter RAO UES for 5 years with the right for extension for the same period. Starting from July 6, 2009 the powers of the sole executive body of OGK-1 were transferred to Inter RAO UES. In 2012, OGK-1 was merged into Inter RAO.

Operations
OGK-1 operates following power stations:

Permskaya GRES – 2,400 MW,
Nizhnevartovskaya GRES – 1,600 MW
Iriklinskaya GRES – 2,430 MW
Kashirskaya GRES - 1,580 MW
Verkhne-Tagilskaya GRES – 1,497 MW
Urengoyskaya GRES - 24 MW.

The installed capacity of these power stations is about 9,500 MW.  This comprises about 5.5% of the generating capacity of RAO UES.

The power output of the OGK-1 power plants in 2006 was around 48 TW.

References

External links

 

Defunct electric power companies of Russia
Companies based in Ulan-Ude
Energy companies established in 2005
Energy companies disestablished in 2012
Inter RAO
Defunct companies of Russia
Andy Stanford-Clark. Andrew James Stanford-Clark is a British information technology research engineer, specialising in telemetry and publish/subscribe messaging. In July 2017 he was appointed IBM CTO for UK and Ireland  Previously, he led a research team at IBM. He is a Member of the IBM Academy of Technology, an IBM Master Inventor and visiting professor at Newcastle University. He also serves on the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) peer review college and regularly delivers public talks.

Education
Stanford-Clark was educated at Stockport Grammar School, Cheshire, and the University of East Anglia, Norwich. He holds a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in computer science and mathematics from the University of East Anglia (UEA) and completed his PhD in parallel computing at UEA in 1991.

Career
Stanford-Clark joined IBM in 1991 in the Communications Software group. Stanford-Clark performed a number of roles within IBM, focusing primarily on parallel processing and pervasive messaging. When he started his job, his manager offered him the career advice that “there’s only one person who REALLY cares about your career, and that's you”.

In 2010 he became Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of Smart Energy Technologies, as part of IBM's smarter planet strategy, based on his background in pervasive messaging.

Stanford-Clark has been granted 11 patents and,  has 45 pending, as well as 30 additional invention disclosures published in IBM Technology Journal and IP.com.  Stanford-Clark has also taken an active role in mentoring others and played a part in accelerating innovation, highlighted by his involvement in an IBM student scheme called Extreme Blue.
Stanford-Clark leads the pervasive and advanced messaging technologies research group.  The group works to further IBM's Smarter Planet initiative and is based at Hursley House near Winchester, Hampshire.

Telemetry
In 1999, Stanford-Clark collaborated with Arlen Nipper to author the first version of the MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. MQTT is a specialised protocol enabling telemetry or lightweight sensor and mobile systems to provide information to computer programs via a publish/subscribe mechanism. Stanford-Clark gained media attention for this in the late 2000s by connecting his home automation system via MQTT to Twitter.

Awards and honours
In 2002 Stanford-Clark became a member of IBM Academy of Technology and was recognised as an IBM Master Inventor. He became an IBM Distinguished Engineer in 2007. In 2006, Stanford-Clark became a Fellow of the British Computer Society (FBCS) and Chartered IT Professional (CITP). He was appointed an IBM Master Inventor and has given TEDx talks. In 2015 he appeared in University Challenge on BBC2.

References

Living people
People educated at Stockport Grammar School
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
IBM employees
British computer scientists
Fellows of the British Computer Society
British software engineers
Researchers in distributed computing
Year of birth missing (living people)
DRG Class 89.0. The DRG Class 89.0 was a goods train tank engine of standard design (see Einheitsdampflokomotive) built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRG).

History
It was the smallest standard locomotive in service with the Reichsbahn. Whilst numbers 89 001 - 89 003 were supplied as saturated steam engines, the remaining seven were superheated locomotives. After the Second World War half the machines went to the Polish State Railway (PKP) and half to the East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR). The last engine 89 008 was taken out of service in 1968 at Dresden-Altstadt locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk or Bw) and remains preserved in the Dresden Transport Museum as a heritage locomotive. Since 1992 the engine has been in the ownership of the Mecklenburg Railway Friends (Mecklenburgischen Eisenbahnfreunde) in Schwerin.

Although this engine was never in service with the Deutsche Bundesbahn, it is in the DB's transport directory.

Model railway 
A Z scale model of the Class 89.0 locomotive has been used as the symbol for this model track gauge.

There has also been a model by the firm of Märklin for decades in H0 scale. The DB variant of this model has no real prototype, however, because this engine was never in the DB's fleet.

See also
 List of DRG locomotives and railbuses

References 

 
 
 

89.0
0-6-0T locomotives
89
Henschel locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1934
Berliner locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
C n2t locomotives
C h2t locomotives
Shunting locomotives
AMC-21. AMC-21, or GE-21, is an American communications satellite operated by SES S.A., formerly SES World Skies and SES Americom. It was launched in August 2008 and is expected to remain in service for approximately 15 years. It is currently located at 125° West longitude.

Spacecraft and mission design 
AMC-21 is based on a STAR-2 satellite bus that provides 4.4 kilowatts of power for the communications payload. The platform will support a 15-year on-orbit mission life. It carries 24 Ku-band transponders at 36 MHz, which will be used to broadcast television signals to Canada, United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America.

Manufacture 
Thales Alenia Space was the prime contractor for AMC-21, and provided the satellite's communications payload. The STAR-2 bus was subcontracted to Orbital Sciences Corporation, as were integration and testing of the satellite. As prime contractor, Thales Alenia Space delivered the completed satellite to SES Americom.

Launch 
AMC-21 was launched, along with the Superbird-7 satellite, by an Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle on 14 August 2008 at 20:44 UTC. The satellite separated from the launch vehicle in a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). An onboard IHI-500 N (IHI-BT4) engine then raised it to an operational geostationary orbit and placed it at a longitude of 125° West of the Greenwich Meridian. After successful completion of in-orbit testing, SES Americom took operational control of AMC-21 in September 2008.

Mergers and acquisitions 
In September 2009, SES Americom merged with SES New Skies to form SES World Skies, to which all of its operational satellites, including AMC-21, were transferred.

External links 
 AMC-21 Channel List at Sathint

References 

Communications satellites in geostationary orbit
Spacecraft launched in 2008
SES satellites
Satellites using the GEOStar bus
Eberhart XFG. 

The Eberhart XFG was an American single-seat experimental ship-borne biplane fighter aircraft developed for the United States Navy in 1927 by the Eberhart Aeroplane and Motor Company. The sole prototype was rebuilt into the XF2G with the addition of a single float and a different engine, but the aircraft was destroyed in a crash in 1928, and the type did not enter production.

Development
The Eberhart Aeroplane and Motor Company produced its first original plane in 1927—the XFG—as a shipboard fighter for the U.S. Navy. It was of welded steel tube and dural construction with fabric skinning. An unusual feature was the application of sweepback to the upper mainplane and forward sweep to the lower.

Operational history
The sole XFG-1 prototype, bureau number A7944, was tested by the United States Navy in late 1927, and was returned to Eberhart, where it was reconstructed as the XF2G with the addition of a single float and a new  Pratt & Whitney R-1340-D engine. The XF2G-1 prototype was sent back to the Navy for testing at Anacostia in January 1928, but in March 1928, the plane crashed during trials and was destroyed. No further production ensued.

Specifications (XFG)

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 

F1G
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Eberhart F01G
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Carrier-based aircraft