omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Aviation in Arkansas. The first aeronautical event in Arkansas was the flight of a balloon around 1870 in Yell county. The first heavier than air flight was by James C. “Bud” Mars on 21 May 1910.

Events 
July 1930, Walter Herschel Beech, founder of Beechcraft has an offer rejected to build a factory in Arkansas City, Arkansas, instead building the company in Wichita, Kansas.
September 19, 1980, a major mishap occurred after a socket rolled off a platform and punctured a Titan II Stage I fuel tank, subsequently causing the entire silo to explode, killing an Air Force airman, SrA David Livingston, and destroying the silo near Damascus, Arkansas.  A "B" grade television movie portrays this event, "Disaster at Silo 7".
1 April 1981 Arkansas native, J. Lynn Helms is appointed as director of the FAA, serving through the 1981 Controller strike

Aircraft Manufacturers 
Dassault Aviation maintains a final assembly facility in Little Rock, Arkansas for its Falcon series of jets.

Aerospace

Airports 

 List of Airports in Arkansas

Commercial Service

Organizations 
 The Arkansas Aerospace Alliance is part of the Arkansas Economic Development Commission.

Government and Military

All flight operations in Arkansas are conducted within FAA oversight.
The Arkansas Department of Aeronautics was founded in 1966.

Museums 
Arkansas Air & Military Museum, Fayetteville, Arkansas
Fort Smith Air Museum, Fort Smith, Arkansas

References 

 
Transportation in Arkansas
D-side (UK telephone cabling). In a UK telephone line, the term D-side or distribution side refers at any point on a local loop connection between a customer's premises and a telephone exchange to the wires (or pairs of copper wires) leaving into the direction of the customer. Conversely, E-side is the exchange side of a telephone line, that is the wires leaving any connection point into the direction of the telephone exchange.

These terms are used, for example, by technicians of Openreach, Virgin Media and other UK phone companies when referring to wiring connections going from a Primary Connection Point (PCP) telecoms cabinet to a point closer to a residence or business known as the "Distribution Point" (DP). On its way, it may pass through a Secondary Connection Point (SCP) telecoms cabinet, sometimes known as pillars, where again the wires going in the direction of the customer are called D side and those going back to exchange are called E side.

In the event of a broadband or phone line problem, technicians will test at any connection point whether the problem is D-side or E-side of that point, by disconnecting the wires on both ends and measuring connectivity and insulation. One potential correction that might be made is then to connect an alternative wire pair on the affected side, if available, or identify and repair the cable fault location.

External links
WLR3 Training Pack - What are all the bits between the exchange and someone's house? [PPT]
Multimedia Telecommunications - Bill Whyte
BT Openreach Sub-Loop Unbundling

Networks
Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
Conference on Computer Communications. The IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) addresses key topics and issues related to computer communications, with emphasis on traffic management and protocols for both wired and wireless networks.

The first INFOCOM conference took place in the United States in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1982. Since then it has been held in many locations around the world, including China, Japan, Israel, Italy, Spain, and Brazil, as well as many other regions of the United States.

References

External links
 IEEE INFOCOM

Computer conferences
Cape Winelands Airport. Cape Winelands Airport (formerly Fisantekraal Airfield) is an ex-South African Air Force airfield built circa 1943, and used to operate Lockheed Ventura bombers. It is located approximately  northeast of Durbanville. It has been in private ownership since 1993.

Cape Winelands Airport serves as a general flying airfield, and is a favourite for flight training in the Cape Town area. Most of the aeroplane and helicopter schools, and Air Mercy Services' Pilatus PC-12 from Cape Town International (FACT) and Morningstar airfield (Morningstar Flight Academy) also visit Cape Winelands Airport for circuit and emergency training. Private and company aircraft sometimes pick up or drop passengers at Cape Winelands Airport.

As of August 2017, the largest aircraft to have landed at Cape Winelands Airport was a Lockheed C-130 Hercules 5X-UCF, making several landings. Advertisements and movies have also been filmed on location at Cape Winelands Airport.

History
It was built ca. 1943 on a 150 ha site for use by the South African Air Force. Originally, there were four runways. Only two are still in use: 05/23 and 14/32. The old taxiways and other runways are no longer used, but are still visible from overhead. The airfield was transferred to the local municipality in the 1960s, and it was sold to a private owner in 1993.
In 2021, billionaire Rob Hersov announced his intention to buy the airport and make it a secondary hub for Cape Town.

Aerodrome and airspace information
Cape Winelands Airport airspace is uncontrolled Class G and has its own radio frequency of 131.1 MHz. Broadcasts are addressed to Winelands Traffic. Joining altitude is restricted to 2000 ft AMSL by the Cape Town TMA sector A overhead. The Cape Town CTR is approximately 3.5 NM southwest of the field.

Circuits are all flown at 1200 ft AMSL for aeroplanes and helicopters, and 900 ft AMSL for microlights. All turns are made to the left. The circuit is restricted to a 2.5 nm radius from the centre of the airfield.

Avgas 100LL fuel and W100 oil are available.

Other information
Magnetic variation is approx 23° W near Cape Winelands Airport. There are tall mountain ranges to the southeast of the field extending to 6600 ft AMSL. The prevailing wind is southeasterly in summer and northwesterly in winter. Summer temperatures can reach 40 °C, resulting in a maximum density altitude of about 3200 ft. The general flying areas nearby are FAD200 about 10 minutes to the northwest on 124.4 MHz, and FAD69 about five minutes to the north on 124.2 MHz.

Operators 
 International Aviation centre South Africa
 Cape Town Flight Training Centre provides Private, Night, Instrument and Commercial flight training
 Sky Messaging provides banner aerotow services
 Working on Fire organisation used to have a summer base at Cape Winelands Airport, but this has recently been closed.

Trivia 
 The Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Call sign 5X-UCF, was flown in as part of The Red Sea Diving Resort (2018) movie that was filmed on location.

References 

Airports in South Africa
Transport in Cape Town
Fables for Robots. Fables for Robots () is a series of humorous science fiction short stories by Polish writer Stanisław Lem, first printed in 1964.

The fables are written in the grotesque form of folk fairy tales, set in the universe populated by robots. In this universe there are robot kings, robot peasants, robot knights, robot scientists; a robot damsel in distress is pestered by a robot dragon, robot dogs have robot fleas, etc.

The Fables constitute the bulk of the collection Mortal Engines () of translations by Michael Kandel. Two of them were also included into the 1981 collection The Cosmic Carnival of Stanislaw Lem ().

Fables for Robots share the peculiar robot's universe, as well as the style,  with the cycle The Cyberiad.

Stories
In  1965 three of the fables, "Jak ocalał świat" ("How the World Survived"), "Maszyna Trurla" ("Trurl's Machine"), and "Wielkie lanie" ("The Great Spanking") were included into the cycle The Cyberiad.

On the other hand, one of the stories from The Cyberiad, "O królewiczu Ferrycym i królewnie Krystali" ("About Prince Ferricius and Princess Crystal"), stylistically belongs to the Fables cycle, but it was not in the original 1964 book.

The remaining fables are:

 "Trzej elektrycerze"/"The Three Electroknights"
 "Uranowe uszy"/"Uranium Ears"
 "Jak Erg Samowzbudnik Bladawca pokonał"/"How Erg the Self-Inducting Slew a Paleface"
 "Skarby króla Biskalara"/"Treasures of King Biskalar" (not translated into English)
 "Dwa potwory"/"Two Monsters"
 "Biała śmierć"/"The White Death"
"Jak Mikromił i Gigacyan ucieczkę mgławic wszczęli"/"How Mikromil and Gigatian Provoked the Runaway of Nebulae" ("How Mocrox and Gigant Made the Universe Expand")
 "Bajka o maszynie cyfrowej, co ze smokiem walczyła" ("Tale of the Computer That Fought a Dragon"); also included into the 1991 Polish edition of the Cyberiad 
 "Doradcy króla Hydropsa"/"The Advisers of King Hydrops"
 "Przyjaciel Automateusza"/"Automatthew's Friend"
 "Król Globares i mędrcy"/"King Globares and the Sages"
 "Bajka o królu Murdasie"/"The Tale of King Murdas"

Additionally the 1993 collection Pożytek ze smoka  contained the short story "Zagadka" ("Riddle"), written in 1980, a discussion of Father Cynkan, M.D. (Doctor Magneticus) and Father Chlorjan about the apocryphal possibility of non-ferrous life and how such beings could reproduce, without any design documentation.

In 1975 an animated film Maszyna Trurla (8 min.) was released based on Lem's story (director , screenplay ).

References

1964 short story collections
Short story collections by Stanisław Lem
Science fiction comedy
Wydawnictwo Literackie books
Robots in literature

he:הקיבריאדה
Lithium beryllide. Lithium beryllide is a hypothetical intermetallic compound of lithium and beryllium that may have several possible compositions, including LiBe, LiBe2, Li2Be, LiBe3, Li3Be, Li2Be3, Li3Be2, LiBe4 and Li4Be. Computational methods indicate that some of these compositions may be superconductive under very high pressure and low temperature.

References

Hypothetical chemical compounds
Lithium compounds
Beryllium compounds
Alfred Amoroso. Alfred J. Amoroso (born 1950) is an American board member and former chairman of Yahoo!. He led the special committee set up at Yahoo! to investigate the CEO misstated college degree. He was formerly president and CEO and a director of Rovi Corporation, later renamed TiVo upon the acquisition of TiVo by Rovi Corporation. Amoroso stepped down as CEO of Rovi in 2011 and was succeeded by Thomas Carson.

Education 
He received both a B.S. in Systems Engineering and an M.S. in Operations Research from the Polytechnic University of Brooklyn, now called New York University Tandon School of Engineering at New York University.

Career 
Amoroso began his career with EDS (Electronic Data Systems), serving the company in expanding capacities for a number of years at several locations in Texas, Illinois and Connecticut. He left EDS and founded Computech in Bloomfield, Connecticut, a systems consulting firm which grew to over 50 employees before it was acquired by Price Waterhouse Consulting, where he was named lead technology partner and partner-in-charge of the Worldwide Insurance Consulting Practice.

He served on the board of Foundry Networks, Inc., a provider of networking hardware, from October 2000 to December 2008 and as chairman from January 2007 to December 2008, when it was sold to Brocade Communications Systems, Inc. Previously, Amoroso was an advisor to Warburg Pincus, a private equity investment firm, from September 2004 to June 2005.

From July 2002 to August 2004, Amoroso was the president, chief executive officer, and vice chairman of Meta Group, an information technology research and advisory firm. He served as president, chief executive officer and a director of CrossWorlds Software, Inc. from October 1999 until its merger with International Business Machines in January 2002. Recruited by IBM from Price Waterhouse Consulting, he held various positions from November 1993 to October 1999, including serving as a member of the worldwide management committee.

In April 2013, Amoroso announced that he was stepping down as Yahoo chairman immediately, and would be leaving the board in June 2013. Amoroso was temporarily replaced in the chairman role by director Maynard Webb Jr.

References

Living people
Directors of Yahoo!
American chairpersons of corporations
American technology chief executives
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
1951 births
IBM employees
PwC people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American businesspeople
Warburg Pincus people
BRM Argos. The BRM Argos is a Portuguese ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Argos was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a cantilever low-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from 6061-T6 aluminum sheet, with its cockpit strengthened with steel roll-over protection. Its  span wing has an area of  and electrically actuated flaps. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912ULS,  Jabiru 2200 and the  Jabiru 3300 four-stroke powerplants. Cockpit access is by two gull-winged doors

Specifications (Argos)

References

External links

2010s Portuguese ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas aircraft
Nanotechnology Industries Association. The Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA) is the sector-independent expert, membership and advocacy organisation providing a responsible voice for the industrial nanotechnologies supply chains. The NIA works with regulators and stakeholders on the national, European and international levels so as to secure a supportive environment for the continuing advancement and establishment of nanotechnologies.

Members of the NIA are represented on globally influential fora, such the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials, and the OECD Working Party on Nanotechnology, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), European Committee for Standardization (CEN) as well as national and international advisory groups.

The NIA was originally founded in London in 2005 as a limited company with initial funding from the UK Government's MNT (micro and nanotechnology) funding scheme with the aim of creating an industrial association that could support companies working in the area of nanotechnology. The NIA's board was drawn from some of the founding companies, including Oxonica and QinetiQ Nanomaterials Limited (QNL) and its founding Director General was Dr Steffi Friedrichs. In 2009 the NIA moved to Brussels, the centre of chemical regulations in Europe and established its new Belgium registered aisbl.

The NIA stands for
The Nanotechnology Industries Association, NIA, promotes a responsible and sustainable innovation in nanotechnology following an approach based on scientific and technical evidence. The NIA stands for:
a framework of shared principles for the safe, sustainable and socially supportive development and use of nanotechnologies,
a publicly and regulatory supportive environment for the continuing advancement and establishment of nanotechnology innovation.

How the NIA operates
The NIA's Corporate Membership is open to all companies or organisations involved in, or seeking to be involved in the research, development, manufacturing, marketing or sale of nanotechnology products and processes as well as those who provide the equipment or the technical and engineering services required for their production (including all forms of information technology).
The activities of the NIA are driven and conducted by its collective membership, supported by broad-based Associate Membership and Affiliate Membership with expertises in matters such as scientific research, IP protection, regulation, legislation, insurance, and finance.

External links
Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA) aisbl

Nanotechnology institutions
Condensation particle counter. A condensation particle counter or CPC is a particle counter that detects and counts aerosol particles by first enlarging them by using the particles as nucleation centers to create droplets in a supersaturated gas.

Three techniques have been used to produce nucleation:

 Adiabatic expansion using an expansion chamber. This was the original technique used by John Aitken in 1888. 
 Thermal diffusion.
 Mixing of hot and cold gases.

The most usually used (also the most efficient) method is cooling by thermal diffusion. Most abundantly used working fluid is n-butanol; during last years water is also encountered in this use.

Condensation particle counters are able to detect particles with dimensions from 2 nm and larger. This is of special importance because particles sized down from 50 nm are generally undetectable with conventional optical techniques. Usually the supersaturation is ca. 100…200 % in condensation chamber, despite the fact that heterogeneous nucleation (droplet growth on surface of a suspended solid particle) can occur at supersaturation as small as 1%. The greater vapour content is needed because, according to surface science laws, the vapour pressure over a convex surface is less than over a plane, thus greater content of vapor in air is required to meet actual supersaturation criteria. This amount grows (vapor pressure decreases) along with decrease in particle size, the critical diameter for which condensation can occur at the present saturation level is called Kelvin diameter. The supersaturation level must, however, be small enough to prevent homogeneous nucleation (when liquid molecules collide so often that they form clusters – stable enough to ensure further growth is possible), which will produce false counts. This usually starts at ca. 300% supersaturation.

On the right, a diffusional thermal cooling CPC is shown in operation. In order to ensure a high vapour content, the working liquid is in contact with a hollow block of porous material that is heated. Then the humified air enters the cooler where nucleation occur. Temperature difference between the heater and the cooler determines the supersaturation, which in its turn determines the minimal size of particles that will be detected (the greater the difference, the smaller particles get counted). As proper nucleation conditions occur in the center of the flow, sometimes incoming flow is divided: most of it undergoes filtering and forms the sheath flow, which the rest of flow, still containing particles, is inserted into via a capillary. The more uniform is obtained supersaturation, the sharper is particle minimal size cutoff. During the heterogeneous nucleation process in the nucleation chamber, particles grow up to 10…12 μm large and so are conveniently detected by usual techniques, such as laser nephelometry (measurement of light pulses scattered by the grown-up particles).

References

Meteorological instrumentation and equipment
Counting instruments
Particle detectors

Aerosols
Air pollution
Aerosol measurement
BRM Land Africa. The BRM Land Africa is a Portuguese ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Chris Heintz, the designer of the Zenith STOL CH 701 considers the Land Africa an unauthorized copy of the CH 701. The Land Africa varies from CH 701 in having a wider and longer cockpit.

Design and development
The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight rules. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from aluminum sheet. Its  span wing has an area of  and features large flaps as well as leading edge slots. Standard engines available are the  Rotax 912UL and the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplants.

In 2009 a new faster wing option was introduced that increases the top speed by about , while retaining the same low stall speed.

The Land Africa replaced the earlier BRM Okavango in production.

Specifications (Land Africa)

References

External links

2000s Portuguese ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
BRM Costruções Aeronáuticas aircraft
Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. Fellow of the UK Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET) is the highest grade
of Institution of Engineering and Technology membership, awarded to those who have sustained high levels of achievement, for several years.

Fellows must fulfil at least two of the nine following criteria:
Leadership
Responsibility
Insight and Experience
Creativity
Innovation
Enterprise
Service
Reputation
Influence and Contribution

Applicants must document on their application that their careers and achievements fulfill the above-mentioned criteria. Applications must be supported by a minimum of two other existing fellows. Also, Fellows of other international learned society as well as chartered engineer status are preferred prior to the application for fellow grade in IET. Applicants include senior engineers, researchers, and technology leaders from industry and accomplished professors from universities.

Prior to the name change of IET, Fellows had the post-nominal letters of FIEE. Existing fellows of IEE automatically became FIET when the engineering institution changed its name in 2006.

Fellowship
Fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal letters FIET.  examples of fellows include Muffy Calder, Wendy Hall, Andy Hopper, Lajos Hanzo, and Martin Sweeting.  See the :Category:Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology for more examples.

Youngest Fellows
The average age of a Fellow of the IET is typically over 45 years old, however a small number of engineers have managed to achieve Fellowship at a significantly younger age.

References

British awards
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Academic awards
 
Institution of Engineering and Technology
GE Aerospace (1960s). GE Aerospace was a business group of General Electric.

GE Aerospace made electronics and systems for the military and aerospace industries, like radar, secure communications equipment and military and commercial satellites. The majority of the group's business was in government and military applications.

History
During the late 1960s, GE Aerospace personnel developed the first realtime image generator. 

In 1991, the group had approximately 37,500 employees, most of whom were located in Florida and the New England and Middle Atlantic regions. The Delaware Valley alone accounted for roughly 17,600 employees.

In 1993, the group was sold to Martin Marietta for over three billion dollars (U.S.), nearly doubling that company's revenue. 

In 1995, Martin Marietta merged with Lockheed to form Lockheed Martin. 

In 2010, the large Systems Integration ("The SI") division from GE Aerospace, with roots tracing back to the Apollo Program, was spun off to form The SI Organization Inc.

See also 
Lockheed Martin Space Systems
GE Aerospace

References 

General Electric
Aerospace companies of the United States
Rocket engine manufacturers of the United States
Former defense companies of the United States
1993 mergers and acquisitions
1993 disestablishments in the United States
Miyazaki Airplane. Miyazaki Airplane was an aircraft parts manufacturing company based in Japan's Tochigi Prefecture during World War II. The company owned a factory located in Kanuma, that manufactured parts, including rudders, for the Mitsubishi A6M Zero.  During the war, the firm relocated to Utsunomiya.

Ownership and leadership
The company was run by Katsuji Miyazaki (c. 1915 – 18 March 1993), the father of the Studio Ghibli animation studio co-founder Hayao Miyazaki.  During World War II production runs the company was owned by Katsuji's brother.

References

Aviation in Japan
Defunct defense companies of Japan