omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Black Cat (aircraft). Black Cat was a Consolidated B-24J-1-FO Liberator aircraft and the last American bomber to be shot down over Germany in World War II. It was one of thousands of B-24s produced by the Ford Motor Company at its Willow Run production plant.

Background

In April 1945, General Dwight D. Eisenhower and SHAEF were convinced Hitler and other die-hard Nazis were planning to make a last stand in the Alps near Berchtesgaden. In order to prevent this happening, and because the European strategic air war was over, the Allied air forces tried to prevent the Germans from concentrating remaining men and materials in Bavaria.

Fatal mission
On 21 April 1945 at around 0630 local time 137 B-24 bombers from the 466th Bombardment Group departed from their base at Attlebridge in Norfolk, England to bomb a railway bridge in Salzburg, Austria. Within the formation, Black Cat led the third squadron. However once the target was reached four hours later, the mission had to be abandoned due to the heavy cloud and thunderstorms covering the area. The lead aircraft flew a return course over Regensburg. This decision was queried by several navigators in the formation because Regensburg was a heavily bombed and defended city: it was home to the Messerschmitt factory which had been the Eighth Air Force's first major bombing target of the war in August 1943.
At 20,000 feet above Regensburg, the formation received eight bursts of flak. Black Cat was the only casualty. It was struck by a shell on the left wing causing the aircraft to crash. Ten of the crew were killed including the pilot, Richard Farrington. The tail gunner, Albert Seraydarian, and the bombardier, Chris Manners, survived and were liberated from German POW camps within a few weeks.

Wayside cross
At the crash site, a wayside cross with a plaque was erected to commemorate the dead.

Commemorative stamp
Surviving members of the 466th Bomb Group petitioned the U.S. Postal Service to release a postage stamp depicting Black Cat in flight. The stamp was released in 2005.

Notes

References

External links
Image of the Black Cat commemorative postage stamp

Individual aircraft of World War II
Phillip Goldstein (investor). Phillip "Phil" Goldstein is an American investor, former civil engineer, and manager of the hedge fund Bulldog Investors, known for its value-driven investment strategy, its activist investment campaigns and its focus on closed-end mutual funds.

Early life and education

Goldstein was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1945. He decided as a child that he wanted to become an engineer, when his patriotism was inspired by the launch of the Sputnik. He attended the University of Southern California, earning a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in 1966. He then returned to the East Coast to pursue a master's degree in engineering from the City College of New York, which he completed in 1968.

Career

Goldstein spent the first 25 years of his career as a civil engineer for the City of New York, working on projects such as the maintenance and improvement of the Brooklyn Bridge's roadway. In the 1970s he also used his proficiency with math in the game of blackjack, and even considered a career as a professional gambler until he came across a book, "How the Experts Beat the Market," by Thomas C. Noddings. In the book, Noddings, also a former engineer, explains how a mathematically inclined investor can uncover and profit from various market inefficiencies. 
 
Over time, this approach led Goldstein to employ the principal of value investing with a particular emphasis on closed-end funds, in his personal investing. In 1989, he met former Dean Witter associate Steven Samuels at a conference on closed-end funds. Samuels introduced Goldstein to some potential investment clients, and in 1992 the two started Bulldog Investors with $700,000. Andrew Dakos and Rajeev Das later joined as partners.

By 1996, Goldstein and his partners decided to take a more activist approach to some of the fund's investing, with a particular emphasis on liquidity events such as asset sales.
 
In 2009, Goldstein and Bulldog Investors ran a proxy contest to elect a new board of directors to Insured Municipal Income Fund, and later renamed it Special Opportunities Fund (NYSE: SPE). Special Opportunities Fund is now managed by Bulldog Investors, along with a group of private funds.

Goldstein and Bulldog Investors remain value-centric, employing a variety of value-oriented investing strategies, and regularly investing in closed-end mutual funds when there is a significant gap between the fund's market value and its net asset value (NAV), or liquidation value. Oftentimes the strategy then includes converting the fund to an open-ended one, or simply liquidating the funds' assets and returning them to shareholders.

Board seats

Goldstein is a member of the board of directors of Imperial Holdings (), the Mexico Equity and Income Fund (), ASA Ltd. (), the Special Opportunities Fund () and MVC Capital ().

References

1945 births
Living people
American hedge fund managers
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
City College of New York alumni
Shareholder-rights activists
Ensoniq Paris. Ensoniq Paris was a digital audio workstation available for PCs and Macintosh computers, sold by Ensoniq Corporation in 1998 and later by E-mu Systems. It was a combination of software and hardware providing its user the tools to record, edit and mix audio material in a professional environment, similar to the way that Pro Tools work. The software part which consisted of a multitrack audio sequencer, a virtual mixing console and various digital effects was developed by Intelligent Devices.

The basic system consisted of the PARIS cross-platform software, EDS-1000 a pci card with 6 on-board DSP processors, and Control 16 a dedicated hardware control surface. The pci card had to be connected to one of the three available interfaces which provided analog and digital inputs and outputs to the system. Multiple EDS-1000 cards could be installed in a computer to increase the number of audio input/output and the power of DSP processing.

References

Digital audio workstation software
Music production software
Soundtrack creation software
Windows multimedia software
Alan Lindenmoyer. Alan J. Lindenmoyer is an American aeronautical engineer. He is the manager of NASA's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office (C3PO) at NASA's Johnson Space Center.

He is responsible for managing NASA’s investments to stimulate efforts within the private sector to develop and demonstrate space transportation capabilities that could ultimately lead to the availability of commercial cargo and human spaceflight services.

Mr. Lindenmoyer has over 30 years of experience in NASA’s human spaceflight programs. He joined the Goddard Space Flight Center in 1982 as a cooperative education student and became a flight structures engineer upon receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Studies with Engineering and a commercial/instrument pilot license from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in 1983. In 1986, he received a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Maryland. Mr. Lindenmoyer joined NASA Headquarters in 1987 as a structural dynamics manager for the Space Station Freedom Program. He moved to Houston in 1990 where he held progressively more responsible management positions in the International Space Station Program; including Assistant Manager for the Vehicle Office, Assistant to the Deputy Program Manager for Technical Development, Manager of the Configuration Management Office, and Technical Integration Manager.

Mr. Lindenmoyer received NASA’s Distinguished Service Medal, two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals, and numerous other awards and fellowships throughout his career.

References

NASA people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Engineers from Houston
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University alumni
Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal
Trigon (video game). is a 1990 vertical-scrolling shooter arcade video game developed and published by Konami. In the US and Europe, it was released as Lightning Fighters.

Development 
The three composers for the game were also working on the music for the Famicom title Crisis Force.

It was released in arcades in May 1990.

Plot 
A gigantic alien spacecraft crash lands into a future Earth, carrying an army of alien warriors with it. The precise reason as to why or how the ship arrived is never revealed though their intention is made very clear: led by some sort of a self-aware biomechanical life form, the aliens directly attacked Earth and the only thing that was able to stop them were a pair of prototype starfighters with extremely advanced equipment including a "dragon laser" which was some form of self-aware life form in the form of a fiery dragon, seen on the title screen and box cover.

Reception 
In Japan, Game Machine listed Trigon on their June 15, 1990 issue as being the fifth most popular table arcade unit at the time.

Legacy
Though Trigon has become an obscure arcade-only title, Konami has referenced it multiple times over the years. Gradius Gaiden features a boss modeled after the ship and weapons from the game, and Yu-Gi-Oh! cards such as "Trigon", "Delta Tri" (based on the mentioned Gradius Gaiden boss), and "Dragon Laser" also represent the game. It runs the same hardware as the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles arcade game.

It was eventually released for the first time as part of Hamster Corporation's Arcade Archives series for the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 on August 20, 2020.

References 

1990 video games
Arcade Archives games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Konami arcade games
Konami games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Vertically scrolling shooters
Video games developed in Japan
Engifest. Engifest is the annual cultural festival of Delhi Technological University (formerly Delhi College of Engineering). Usually held in the month of February, it is a three-day-long event. Started in 1974 by a group of enthusiastic students, it has attracted considerable media attention and numerous sponsors over time. Engifest attracts an attendance of more than 1,50,000 people from across the country. Students from more than 100 colleges participate in activities related to social problems, dance, music, quizzes, and several others.

Introduction
Engifest is one of the largest college cultural festivals of the country.  It is a student-run non-profit organization which caters primarily to youth and its success. Engifest includes a variety of events such as car and bike show, drag racing, cultural performances, live wire-star night, rock shows, plays on social problems, dances, and others. In the past Engifest has been studded by artists like Sunidhi Chauhan, Vishal–Shekhar, Mohit Chauhan, Amit Trivedi, Papon (singer), Raftaar, Nucleya, Bassjackers, Quintino (DJ), DJ NYK, Boogie Frantick, Bhuvan Bam, VJ Bani, Aditi Arya, Salman Yusuff Khan, Kumar Vishwas, Piyush Mishra, Karan Kundra, Hard Kaur, Sidhu Moose Wala.

History
Engifest, otherwise known as Engineers' Fest is one of the oldest college cultural festivals in the country, dating back to 1974. It was first started by students of the Delhi Technological University (DTU), formerly known as Delhi College of Engineering.

By 2014, the fest had a diverse range of events and performances by artists and celebrities such as Mohit Chauhan and Hard Kaur. In 2015, the festival improved upon its range with performances from Raftaar, Manj Musik, and more. 

The year 2016 was bigger. A thousand hearts sang along the rhymes of soulful poetry by Piyush Mishra. The year 2018 took Engifest to new heights. Stand-up comedian Abijit Ganguly, musician Amit Trivedi, Punjabi singer Guri, and DJ MAG #35 Bassjackers on the EDM night performed live. For Engifest'19, DJ MAG #25, Quintino would be performing live.

Engifest 2020 saw an all-time high footfall of a whopping 1.5 lakh+ students as stars like Sidhu Moosewala who took everyone on a rollercoaster ride with his popular Punjabi songs, performed for the first time in any college festival. The very soothing voice of Papon melted hearts with his soulful songs and left everyone with full hearts. This was not all, as rap king Divine set the stage on fire with his tracks, and the hip-hop giant King made everyone dance their hearts out.

Festival Sponsors and Past Affiliates 
The print media partner of Engifest is Hindustan Times whereas its prominent digital media partners include All India Radio, 9x Jalwa including others.

References

College festivals in India
Liquid-impregnated surface. A slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS), liquid-impregnated surface (LIS), or multi-phase surface consists of two distinct layers. The first is a highly textured or porous substrate with features spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the second layer which is an impregnating liquid that fills in the spaces between the features. The liquid must have a surface energy well-matched to the substrate in order to form a stable film. Slippery surfaces are finding applications in commercial products, anti-fouling surfaces, anti-icing and biofilm-resistant medical devices.

Adaptive Surface Technologies   and LiquiGlide are commercial examples of liquid-impregnated surfaces, invented at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

SLIPS type surfaces have a number of advantages over traditional lotus based superhydrophobic surfaces. The free flowing liquid allows for the creation of a smooth surface with the ability to self-repair. This smooth surface often results in a low sliding angle for both high and low surface tension liquids. Finally, SLIPS surfaces can be made optically transparent unlike many traditional superhydrophobic surfaces that scatter light due to having structure on the same order as visible light.

However, the longevity of SLIPS for prolonged anti-icing applications have been of concern. In this regard, replacing the lubricant in SLIPS with a phase switching liquid (PSL)  can yield promising results. PSLs are a class of phase change materials, which are in liquid state under ambient conditions and have a melting point higher than the freezing point of water. Thus the PSL changes into solid phase in a cold environment before water freezing can happen. While PSL impregnated textured surface behave as a traditional SLIPS in ambient conditions, when operated below the melting point of PSL, they resist PSL displacement out of surface texture by water, engendering enhanced icephobicity even on hydrophilic substrates.

See also
Adaptive fluid-infused porous film

References

American inventions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Surfaces
Attached Support Processor. Attached Support Processor (ASP) was an implementation of loosely coupled multiprocessing for IBM's OS/360 operating system. IBM later changed the name to Asymmetrical multiProcessor but retained the acronym ASP.

ASP evolved from the design of the 7094/7044 direct coupled system, using data channel to data channel communication. By attaching an IBM 7044 as a peripheral processor throughput of the 7094 was more than doubled.

ASP was introduced in March 1967, and initially allowed connection of two System/360 computers via a channel-to-channel adapter (CTCA). 

As initially defined an ASP system typically consisted of a large System/360 computer, a Model 50, 65, or 75 running OS/360, called the main processor, and a smaller System/360, Model 40 or larger, called the support processor, running the ASP supervisor as a single task under OS/360 PCP (Primary Control Program). The support processor performed functions such as printing, card reading and punching, freeing the main processor to run the application workload. It queued jobs, roughly 30 in the basic configuration, and released them to the main processor in priority order, and also did pre-execution setup of removable input/output devices such as disks and tapes on the main processor.

The main processor was configured identically to a "stand-alone processor operating under OS/360, except that the
channel-to-channel adapter replaces the normal system input
and output devices."  The support processor was a minimum of a Model 40 G (G indicates memory size of 128KB) with two selector channels, a 1052 console typewriter, a 2540 card read/punch, a 1403 printer, and three 2311 disk drives. It was recommended that the support processor have access to one 2400-series tape drive for support. 

The OS version on the main processor was modified to be able to overlay itself with the 7090/94 emulator program when an emulator job was to be run, and the emulator program would similarly overlay itself with OS/360 when done, to process emulated 709x jobs intermixed with standard 360 jobs. This later became unnecessary with the introduction of integrated emulation programs on the Model 85 and System/370

Later IBM allowed a single support processor to control multiple main processors and added support for Local ASP (LASP), in which the same processor serves as both a local and a main. These capabilities are standard in the final ASP version, version 3, as is support for OS/VS2 (SVS).

With the introduction of MVS for System/370 IBM rewrote and renamed ASP as Job Entry Subsystem 3 (JES3) and it is still in use as of 2015.

See also
HASP
Job Entry Subsystem 2/3
Spooling

Notes

References

IBM software
Operating system technology
Job scheduling
Philip Dakin Wagoner. Philip Dakin Wagoner (July 24, 1876 – November 25, 1962) was an American businessman who became chairman of the Underwood Typewriter Company.

Early career

Philip Dakin Wagoner was born on 24 July 1876 in Somerville, New Jersey, son of Henry G. Wagoner and Rachel Line Dakin Wagoner.
He graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1896.
His thesis was typewritten, which was very unusual at the time.
His first job was with General Electric (GE). By 1910 he had become president of General Vehicle Company, a GE subsidiary.
During World War I (1914-1918) this company made airplane engines for Great Britain.

President of Underwood

After the war Wagoner was appointed president of the Elliott-Fisher Company, parent of the Underwood Typewriter Company and the Sundstrand Corporation.
Wagoner was quoted in a 1923 article in Forbes as saying, "In doing business the work of a corporation or an individual has no real permanency unless it is rendering a service to business or to humanity."
In 1927 he reorganized the company into Underwood-Elliott-Fisher, which later became the Underwood Corporation.
John Thomas Underwood was elected chairman and Wagoner president of Underwood Elliott-Fisher.
Wagoner had a house built on a  property in the West Mountain District of Ridgefield, Connecticut, named "Oreneca".
This was (and is) a large and pretentious 1932 Georgian Revival style stone building.

World War II broke out in September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland.
The USA remained neutral. On 26 June 1940, one day after the surrender of France, Torkild Rieber of Texaco sponsored a celebratory dinner for Gerhardt Westrick at the Waldorf Astoria New York. 
Westrick represented many large U.S. companies in Germany, and was visiting New York to drum up support for the Nazi regime. Wagoner attended, as did  Sosthenes Behn of ITT, James D. Mooney of General Motors and Edsel Ford of the Ford Motor Company. 
Westrick told the guests that Britain would be defeated in three months, and there would then be huge opportunities for trade between America and the German Empire.
Later there was a press outcry against Westrick, and many of his business associates no longer wished to be associated with him.

Later years

In 1945 Wagoner was elected chairman of the board of Underwood, and Leon C. Stowell was elected president.
Wagoner remained chief executive.
Wagoner was given an honorary degree of doctor of engineering by the Stevens Institute in 1949.
He retired as chairman of the board of Underwood in 1956.

Philip Dakin Wagoner died on 25 November 1962 at the age of 86 in St. Luke's Hospital in Manhattan, New York City.

References
Citations

Sources

1876 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
People from Somerville, New Jersey
American business executives
American Nazis
General Electric employees
Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
Photoactivated peptide. Photoactivated peptides are modified natural or synthetic peptides whose functions can be activated or controlled using light. These peptides incorporate light-sensitive elements that allow for precise regulation their biological activity in both space and time. The activation can be either irreversible, as in the case of caged peptides with photocleavable protecting groups, or reversible, utilizing molecular photoswitches like azobenzenes or diarylethenes, and diarylethenes By incorporating these light-responsive components into the peptide structure, peptide properties, functions, and biological activities can be manipulated with high precision. This approach enables targeted activation of peptides in specific areas, making photoactivated peptides valuable tools for applications in cancer therapy, drug delivery, and probing molecular interactions in living cells and in organisms.



Applications

Photoactivated peptides have shown potential for various applications, including cancer therapy, other light-controlled drugs, and as tools to probe molecular interactions in intact cells and whole organisms.

Initial studies demonstrated that these peptides could effectively kill B-cell lymphoma cancer cells. Specifically, a synthetic short peptide was alkylated with azobenzene crosslinkers and used to photo-stimulate mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release in permeabilized cells, initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.  Analogs of Gramicidin S containing a diarylethene fragment have also been developed, exhibiting a clear, reversible change in antimicrobial activity. In their inactive, UV-inducible photoform, these analogs are harmless to bacteria cells; however, upon activation with visible (amber) light, they become bactericidal. Additionally, a photoswitchable analogue of the orexin-B peptide has been developed, enabling control of orexin receptors with light in vivo at nanomolar concentrations.

Photoswitchable peptides have been designed to inhibit protein-protein interactions in a light-controlled manner. They have been successfully applied to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells and in yeast. This same design principle has been applied to inhibit protein-protein interactions involved in cancer and can potentially be used for any interaction mediated by a helical motif.

See also

 Azobenzene
 Bak (Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer)
 Bcl-2
 Bid (BH3 interacting-domain death agonist)
 Diarylethene
 Luis Moroder, Rudolf K. Allemann
 Photochromism
 Photodynamic therapy
 Spiropyran

References

Peptides
Experimental cancer treatments