omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hotend. A hotend is a component used in fused filament deposition 3D printers. Its purpose is to heat up and melt filament material for depositing into the intended shape.

The hotend is usually made of a bulk heat-conductive material with an internal resistive heater, coupled with a thermistor for precise temperature control. In common desktop 3D printer designs, the heater is located near the nozzle, and a heatsink is attached upstream (on the colder side). A heat break component made of dissimilar metals can be used to limit heat transfer to filament above, increasing the controllability of the melted filament.

Nozzle
The nozzle is an interchangeable tip attached to the hotend with a small diameter hole through which the melted filament is extruded. In desktop fused filament deposition printers, different sized nozzle holes can be used to balance between printing speed and precision. Common large sized ones (1.0mm) extrude more material per travel length whereas smaller sized nozzles (0.2mm) result in higher quality.

In consumer desktop printers, the nozzle is often made of brass or stainless steel. Desired characteristics include abrasion resistance, as the nozzle frequently slides across the printed object, and thermal conductivity. To improve thermal conductivity, nozzles can be perforated with multiple holes on the intake side, forming an internal structure with more contact area between the heated nozzle body and the filament. This results in a higher maximum volumetric flow, which can improve printing speed.

See also
3D printer extruder

References

Fused filament fabrication
Chen-Nee Chuah. Chen-Nee Chuah is an American computer scientist and computer engineer whose research involves computer networks, including network traffic measurement, wireless ad hoc networks, and intelligent transportation systems. She is the Child Family Professor in Engineering, in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at the University of California, Davis.

Education and career
Chuah studied electrical engineering as an undergraduate at Rutgers University, graduating in 1995. She went to the University of California, Berkeley for graduate study in electrical engineering and computer sciences, and earned a master's degree and Ph.D. there. Her 2001 doctoral dissertation, A Scalable Framework for IP-Network Resource Provisioning Through Aggregation and Hierarchical Control, was supervised by Randy Katz.

After postdoctoral research at Sprint Advanced Technology Laboratories, she joined the UC Davis faculty in 2002. She was named as the Child Family Professor in Engineering in 2020.

Recognition
Chuah was elected as an IEEE Fellow in 2015, "for contributions to MIMO communications and network management". She was named as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in the 2023 class of fellows.

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American computer scientists
American women computer scientists
Rutgers University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Davis faculty
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Project 23470 tugboat. Project 23470 is a series of seagoing tugboats developed by the Baltsudoproekt Central Design Bureau being built for the Russian Navy, intended to perform a variety of tasks including towing vessels, escorting vessels, extinguishing fires, and refloating vessels.

Ships

See also
 List of active Russian Navy ships
 Future of the Russian Navy

References

Auxiliary ships of the Russian Navy
Tugboats
Ainura Sagyn. Ainura Sagyn (; born 1989) is a Kyrgyzstani computer engineer, ecofeminist and entrepreneur. She has been profiled by UN Women and chosen as one of the BBC's 100 inspirational women in 2022.

Life
Sagyn was born in Talas in 1989. She went to take food technology at the Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University and learnt Turkish, but she realised at the end of the first year that she wanted to study software engineering. She was trained in Moscow at the British Higher School of Design.

In autumn 2022 she was included in the 100 women that the BBC consider most influential that year. The BBC broadcast in several languages and they ask their different language services to choose someone who has been influential that year. Sagyn had been chosen earlier in 2022 by UN Women. They had profiled her and four other women for the lead they were showing in mitigating the effect of climate change. She had founded a company called Tazar which means going greener. The product was a mobile application which unites people with waste products with the people who can recycle them. She has a business partner named Aimeerim Tursalieva. Another app is called Tazar Bazaar which allows women users to sell their products.

In April 2024 she was one of the members of a team called Kadam that arranged for the creation of four pieces of streetart made out of bottle tops. The subject of the art are all unknown heroes. One is a street vendor, another a  press secretary, another a film projectionist and the last is the transformative architect Ulan Zhaparov. Sagyn worked with the journalist Rakhat Asangulova and the artist Dimitri Petrovsky.

References

1989 births
Living people
People from Talas, Kyrgyzstan
Computer engineers
Kyrgyz National University alumni
Kyrgyzstani businesspeople
Project 22870 tugboat. Project 22870 is a series of rescue tugs in service with the Russian Navy designed by the Vympel Design Bureau, intended for towing ships in distress, fire fighting, medical evacuation, and rescue operations.

Operational history
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the tugboat Spasatel Vasily Bekh was hit and sunk on 17 June 2022 by two anti-ship missiles fired by Ukrainian forces. The vessel was allegedly transporting weapons and ammunition to Snake Island, which was occupied by Russian forces at the time.

Ships

See also
 List of active Russian Navy ships
 Future of the Russian Navy

References

External links 
 

Auxiliary ships of the Russian Navy
Tugboats
Concrete Sustainability Council. The Concrete Sustainability Council is an industry organization and standards body focused on decreasing the environmental impact of cement, concrete, and aggregate. The group was originally launched by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development as the Concrete Sustainability Initiative in 2013. The project has been managed by the Global Cement and Concrete Association since 2019.

The initiative's initial goal was to establish a certification system for responsibly sourced concrete and its supply chain. The initiative launched the CSC certification system, which is an industry certification that can contribute to LEED certification related to materials. The process evaluates both supply chain and process used for the production of concrete, and other Environmental and Social consequences. Parts of the certificate are optional, such as the CO2 certification -- so not all CSC certified products are low carbon. The certificate is administered by "regional system operators" such as German Ready-Mixed Concrete Association in Germany. As of 2021, 485 concrete industry organizations had the certification.

The certificate comes in four levels Platinum, Gold, Silver and Bronze -- with platinum complying with more of the certification requirements. The standards for cement, aggregate and concrete are different.The certification allows designers and architects to better understand the lifecycle and impact of concrete in their construction projects.  Cement plants that are retrofitting or trying to become more sustainable, can use the standard to redesign their processes.

Beyond certification, the initiative also supports research for the cement industry, such as a technology roadmap of the cement industry with the IEA.

References 

Cement industry
Trade associations
Environmental certification
Project 20180 tugboat. Project 20180 is a series of seagoing tugboats in service the Russian Navy.

History
The construction of Akademik Makeev has been beset by numerous delays as a result of sanctions on the Russian shipbuilding industry. Intended to be commissioned in 2021, the vessel has not yet been launched as of April 2024. These sanctions had also affected her sister ship Akademik Kovalev, with the vessel's commissioning being delayed by three months, and the Russian Ministry of Defence seeking compensation from Zvezdochka Shipyard for the delay.

Variants
 Project 20180 – Tugboat
 Project 20181 – Ammunition ship
 Project 20183 – Research vessel

Ships

Gallery

See also
 List of active Russian Navy ships
 Future of the Russian Navy

References

Auxiliary ships of the Russian Navy
Tugboats
Research vessels of Russia
Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity. "Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity" is a scientific article  published by Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) in 1967 in  and dedicated to climate modelling. It is often considered to be the most influential paper in history of climate change science: the climate model that it describes is indeed the first one to address the main physical mechanisms that determine the influence of carbon dioxide () on Earth surface temperature through greenhouse effect.

Manabe and Wetherald one-dimension climate radiative-convective model includes an accurate spectroscopy of , ozone and water vapor, atmospheric convection and water vapor feedback. When a doubling  atmospheric concentration is given as input to the model, it provides a temperature shift (equilibrium climate sensitivity) of +2.4 °C, which is consistent with modern estimates, such as those published in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.

References 

Physics papers
Computer science papers
Climate change assessment and attribution
CGX (disambiguation). CGX may refer to:
 CyberGraphX, the ReTargetable Graphics API
 CG(X), the proposed U.S. cruiser class
 Cineplex Entertainment, the TSX code CGX
 Meigs Field, the FAA LID code
 Cangitoxin, a toxin purified from the venom of the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum
National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru. The National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (, Senamhi) is a specialised technical organization of the Peruvian State that provides information on weather forecasting, as well as advice and scientific studies in the areas of hydrology, meteorology, agrometeorology and environmental issues.

History
It was created by Decree Law No. 17532, of March 25, 1969, as a decentralised public body. Although its meteorological and hydrological activities were in charge of the ministries of Development and Public Works, Aeronautics and Agriculture, as well as CORPAC.

The organic law of Senamhi was promulgated by Law No. 24031, of December 14, 1984, as OPD of the Ministry of Aeronautics and then of the Ministry of Defence. As of May 13, 2008, it became part of the Ministry of the Environment in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 1013.

See also
Hydrography

References

Jesús María District, Lima
Research institutes in Peru
Ministry of Environment (Peru)

Governmental meteorological agencies in South America
LDX. LDX or ldx may refer to:

 Levitated Dipole Experiment, nuclear fusion energy generation experiment
 Lisdexamfetamine, stimulant prodrug
 Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Airport, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana (IATA:LDX)
 Long distance xerography, an early form of facsimile transmission invented by the Xerox corporation
GooseEgg. GooseEgg is the name used by Microsoft to describe an exploit tool used by the Russian hacking group Forest Blizzard (also known as Fancy Bear and other names) to exploit CVE-2022-38028, a software vulnerability in Microsoft Windows. The vulnerability is a flaw in the Windows print spooler that grants high privilege access to an attacker.

In April 2024, it was revealed that CVE-2022-38028 had for some time been being exploited in an ongoing cyberattack program. While Microsoft had patched the vulnerability in 2022, they did not disclose at the time that it had been being actively exploited since at least 2020, and possibly earlier.

References 

Privilege escalation exploits
Srini Devadas. Srini Devadas is an Indian-American computer scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) who conducts research on computer security, computer architectures, and applied cryptography.

His work has spanned topics such as analytical cache modeling, single-chip secure processors, and hardware information flow tracking. Among his research contributions is the invention of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), an important tool for device authentication and key generation.

Devadas graduated with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras in 1985. He earned both a master's and a PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, working under the supervision of Arthur Richard Newton. He has been a member of MIT's Electrical Engineering and Computer Science department since 1988. He was previously a member of MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics.
He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

In 2014 Devadas received the IEEE Computer Society's Edward J. McCluskey Technical Achievement Award for the invention of Physical Unclonable Functions and secure single-chip processor architectures. In 2017, he received the IEEE Computer Society's W. Wallace McDowell Award for "fundamental contributions that have shaped the field of secure hardware, impacting circuits, microprocessors, and systems". In 2018, he received the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Charles A. Desoer Technical Achievement Award for the development of Physical Unclonable Functions and enabling the deployment of secure circuits, processors and systems. In 2021, he received the IEEE Cybersecurity Award for Practice for the development of Physical Unclonable Functions, and the ACM SIGSAC Outstanding Innovation Award for fundamental contributions to secure microprocessors, circuits, and systems.

In 2016, Devadas won the Everett Moore Baker Memorial Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, which is presented to faculty members, in recognition of exceptional interest and ability in the instruction of undergraduates. This is the only teaching award at MIT in which the nomination and selection of the recipients is done entirely by the students. Also, in 2016, he was named a MacVicar Faculty Fellow, considered MIT's highest undergraduate teaching award.

References 

American computer scientists
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory people
American people of Indian descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fredo Durand. Fredo Durand is a computer scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), where he helps lead CSAIL's Computer Graphics Group.

He works on both computer graphics and vision, spanning topics such as computational photography, differentiable rendering, compilers for high-performance imaging, and video magnification.

Several of his projects focus on trying to reveal visual signals that are otherwise imperceptible to the human eye. With MIT colleagues he developed a “motion microphone” device that can take silent video of an object and magnify the visual vibrations from the video to recreate the sounds present in the room. He also helped develop a system that can look at short video clips of people sitting still and visual magnify their movement and skin-color changes such that he could measure people's heart-rates, enabling new applications for remote health monitoring.

Another project uses video of shadows on the floor to be able to detect things hidden around the corner. His team's “Interactive Dynamic Video” system lets them test how an object would respond to different kinds of touch based only on a short video clip of it.

He has also created several tools for computer graphics. With Saman Amarasinghe and Jonathan Ragan-Kelley he invented a domain-specific language (DSL) called Halide for image processing. Their research showed that Halide offers speed and performance gains over hand-engineered code, and uses code that is also easier to read. Halide has received interest from both academic and industry partners, who have incorporated it into products such as the Google Pixel's cameras, Adobe's Photoshop filters and YouTube's video-uploading system.

Durand received his PhD in 1999 from Grenoble Institute of Technology in France, supervised by Claude Puech and George Drettakis.

He co-organized the first Symposium on Computational Photography and Video in 2005, and the first International Conference on Computational Photography in 2009.

Durand received an inaugural Eurographics Young Researcher Award in 2004, an NSF CAREER award in 2005, an inaugural Microsoft Research New Faculty Fellowship in 2005, a Sloan fellowship in 2006, a Spira award for distinguished teaching in 2007, and the ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award in 2016.

References

American computer scientists
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Saman Amarasinghe. Saman Prabhath Amarasinghe is a professor in the department of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His work has focused on computer architectures, programming languages and compilers that maximize application performance, including helping create multiple domain-specific languages (DSLs) such as Halide for image processing.

Education and career
After studies at Royal College, Colombo (1972-1982) and the University of Moratuwa (1984) in Sri Lanka, Amarasinghe received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering and computer science from Cornell University in New York (1988). Spending summers working at Microsoft, he then earned a master's degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University (1990). After working as a consultant and software engineer, he was the co-founder and director of Lanka Internet Services, Ltd. (1994-2001), the first ISP in Sri Lanka. He completed a PhD in electrical engineering at Stanford University (1997) and then joined the department of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT as an assistant professor (1997). He was eventually tenured, and was promoted to full professor in 2009. He is conducting research there as part of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and leading the lab's Commit compiler research group.

Honors and awards
In 2019 he was named a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery for “contributions to high performance computing on modern hardware platforms, domain-specific languages, and compilation techniques”.

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Sri Lankan computer scientists
American computer scientists
Cornell University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Military Engineer Services (Bangladesh). The Military Engineer Services is a government organisation in Bangladesh which is responsible for Military Infrastructure Development, maintenance and preservation of their creations. As the Public Works Department (PWD) of Bangladesh serves the public, this organisation only serves the Bangladesh Armed Forces. Major General Hasan Uz Zaman is the current E in C.

Structure of MES

History
After the independence of India and Pakistan, the name changed to Military Engineer Services East Pakistan. But the headquarters of the organisation was in West Pakistan. After the independence of Bangladesh, the name currently changed to Military Engineer Services Bangladesh and it started to serve the Bangladesh Armed Forces since 1975. 

Major General Fazlur Rahman Al Mamun is the first E in C of Military Engineer Services of Bangladesh.

Zones
all cantonments of the country and Mirpur DOHSschools and colleges, Military Hospitals, offices and residential areas which is under the Bangladesh Armed Forces is under control for development by the Military Engineer Services. This places are built, developed and secured by the organisation. the 12 cadet colleges of Bangladesh were also built and developed by this organisation.

Work
This organisation 24/7 hours give services to the military personnel. It is also responsible for providing electricity, gas, water, building and bathroom accessories, military infrastructure development and secure environment to live in, etc and many more. This organisation got respect from other organisations for there outstanding performance in work.

Activities
This organisation is responsible for the construction and maintenance of all cantonments, army-affiliated educational institutions, organizations in Bangladesh. MES has a role in the construction of major projects of Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Air Force. Some of these projects are mentioned below:

 Army Central Mosque in Dhaka Cantonment
 Army Auditorium and Conference Complex
 500 bedded Kurmitola General Hospital
 Armed Forces Medical College
 BMA Bangabandhu Complex
 'A' Type Building at Shaheed Aziz Palli
 'D' Type Building at Shaheed Moinul Road
 Dhaka Cantt. Mostafa Kamal Line Followers Quarter
 Mirpur NDC 'B' Type Quarter
 Mirpur DSSC 'E' Type Quarter
 BN School and College, Dograj, Mongla, Bagerhat
 BN School and College, Khulna
  Shaheen College Paharkanchanpur
 Mirpur Cantonment Public School and College
 Inauguration of SMBK and Office Complex
 Father of the Nation Monument
 Residence Hall, University of Chittagong
 Naval Headquarters, Banani, Dhaka Naval Headquarters Extension Building
 DGFI BUNGALOW
 SURVEY OF BANGLADESH
 BN ISSA KHA DOCKIER SHIP FITTING SHED
 ISSB MESS
 MIST FACULTY TOWER
 Feni Girls Cadet College

References

Government agencies of Bangladesh
Bangladesh Army
Bangladesh Air Force
Bangladesh Navy
Government departments of Bangladesh
Deepal L07. The Deepal L07 (,  formerly the Deepal SL03 until 2024) is a mid-size sedan produced by Deepal, the electric vehicle subsidiary of Chinese automotive company Changan Automobile since 2022.

Overview

The Deepal L07 liftback sedan is offered in three options, a battery electric vehicle, a series hybrid, and an electric vehicle with a hydrogen electrochemical generator. 

The battery electric version has a single electric motor that makes  and has a range of up to  with a 56.12 kWh LFP battery made by CATL, while the extended range EREV variant has a naturally aspirated 1.5-litre JL473QJ petrol generator and an electric motor that produce  with a range of up to  supported by a ternary (NMC) battery made by Changan New Energy. Changan claims that the L07 has a sharp exterior design that allows for a drag coefficient of 0.230. With the energy consumption of the pure electric L07 being 12.3 kWh/100 km.

The Deepal L07 is equipped with 27 different sensors and level-4 autonomous driving support co-developed with Huawei. With a SA8155P Automotive Development Platform computer chip for computers from Qualcomm that power the autonomous driving systems.

2024 facelift
In September 2024, Deepal announced the 2024 facelift of Deepal SL03 and renamed it to Deepal L07. Followed with Deepal S07, It is the second model of Deepal which equipped with the Huawei's "Qiankun Smart Driving" ADS SE autonomous driving system.

References

Deepal L07
2020s cars
Cars of China
Cars introduced in 2022
Sports sedans
Production electric cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Hybrid electric cars
Vehicles codeveloped with Huawei