omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
John Bogart. John Bogart (February 8, 1836 Albany, New York – April 25, 1920 Manhattan, New York City) was an American civil engineer from New York. He was appointed and elected to numerous public positions in the New York City metropolitan area. He also served at the state level, for instance as New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1888 to 1891. As a consulting engineer, he participated in numerous large-scale projects across the country, ranging from parks to bridges and dams.

Biography
Bogart was the son of John Henry Bogart, a merchant of Albany and New York City, and his wife, and the great-grandson of Henry Bogart. He was educated at The Albany Academy and graduated with an M.A. degree from Rutgers College in 1853.

After spending a summer with the engineer corps of the New York Central Railroad, Bogart decided to become an engineer. He began engineering work with the enlargement of the Erie Canal as second assistant engineer from 1856 to 1858. He was assistant engineer on the construction of Central Park in New York City.

From December 1861 to July 1866, Bogart was with the Union Army in an engineering capacity. During this time, he was stationed at Fortress Monroe and was in charge of the fort at the Rip Raps, Virginia.

In 1866, Bogart was appointed engineer in charge of construction, and in 1870 as chief engineer of the Park Commission of Brooklyn. From 1872 to 1877, he served as chief engineer of the New York City Department of Public Parks.

In 1870, he married Emma Cherrington Jefferis.

From 1877 on, Bogart was engaged as engineer for many important enterprises, such as the municipal works at New Orleans, Chicago, Nashville and Baltimore, the parks in Albany, New York, the Public State Grounds at Nashville, the West Side parks of Chicago and the park system of Essex County, New York. He was the constructing engineer of Washington Bridge and consulting engineer of the Niagara Falls Power Co., the Atlantic Electric and Water Power Co., the Rapid Transit Commission and of the New York State Board of Health.

From 1886 to 1887, Bogart was the deputy state engineer under Elnathan Sweet. He occupied the office of State Engineer and Surveyor from 1888 to 1891, elected on the Democratic ticket in 1887 and 1889. After his term, he resumed his practice as consulting engineer in New York. Among his projects was designing the Hales Bar Dam powerhouse and dam on the Tennessee River for a private power company, completed in 1913.

Bogart was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain. He served as a lieutenant colonel and chief engineer of the New York National Guard.

Bogart died from pneumonia on April 26, 1920 at his home at 640 Madison Avenue in Manhattan.

References

Further reading
 Political Graveyard
Engineers' bios, at Rochester history

1836 births
1920 deaths
New York State Engineers and Surveyors
Politicians from New York City
American civil engineers
Politicians from Albany, New York
Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
Rutgers University alumni
The Albany Academy alumni
Toba River (British Columbia). The Toba River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Also referred to as the East Toba river. Its drainage basin is  in size.

Course
The Toba River originates in the Coast Mountains and flows generally southwest from Toba Glacier to the head of Toba Inlet.

Toba Montrose
In 2004 development of a 235 MW run of river energy project began on East Toba River. The $660 million project is funded and operated through a private loan from a partnership of lenders led by Manulife Financial Canada. Plutonic Power Corporation and GE Energy also referred to as the Toba Montrose General Partnership are the main stakeholders in the project . Construction is overseen by the Kiewit Corporation in partnership with the Sliammon and K'ómoks First Nation Territory Agreement. On 7 March 2011, it was announced that Magma Energy and Plutonic Power will merge to create Alterra Power Corp. The Toba Montrose Project was in operation in August 2010.

Upper Toba Valley

See also
List of rivers of British Columbia

References

Rivers of the Pacific Ranges
Kellett XR-10. The Kellett XR-10 was a military transport helicopter developed in the United States in the 1940s that only flew in prototype form. It was designed in response to a USAAF Technical Instruction issued for the development of a helicopter to transport passengers, cargo, or wounded personnel within an enclosed fuselage. Kellett's proposal followed the general layout that the company was developing in the XR-8, with twin intermeshing rotors, and was accepted by the Air Force on 16 October over proposals by Sikorsky, Bell, and Platt-LePage.

The XR-10 resembled a scaled-up XR-8, although its twin engines were carried in nacelles at the fuselage sides, driving the rotors via long driveshafts, and the aircraft was skinned entirely in metal. The first of two prototypes flew on 24 April 1947, and at the time, was the largest rotorcraft to fly in the United States. During test-flights, however, the same problem that had been encountered with the XR-8's rotor system emerged when blades from the two rotors collided in flight. With fixes in place, flight testing continued, but on 3 October 1949, the first prototype crashed due to a control system failure and killed Kellett's chief test pilot, Dave Driskill. The project was abandoned shortly thereafter, and a 16-seat civil variant, the KH-2, never left the drawing board.

Specifications

References
Notes

Bibliography
 
 
 
 

 aerofiles.com
 NASM website

External links

  "Heaviest Copter Checks Out" , September 1947, Popular Science bottom of page

1940s United States military transport aircraft
1940s United States helicopters
R-10
Aircraft first flown in 1947
Twin-engined piston helicopters
Synchropters
Phoenix-class sloop. The Phoenix class was a two-ship class of 6-gun screw steel sloops  built for the Royal Navy in 1895.  Both ships participated in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion, but Phoenix was destroyed in a typhoon while alongside in Hong Kong in 1906. Algerine became a depot ship at Esquimalt, was sold in 1919, and was finally wrecked in 1923.

Design
Phoenix and Algerine were constructed of steel and powered by both barquentine-rigged sails and a twin-screw steam engine developing 1,400 horsepower. They were essentially a twin-screw version of the Alert-class sloop.

Operational lives

Screw sloops like Phoenix had been obsolete for many years, but they remained ideal for patrolling Britain's far flung maritime empire, and both Phoenix and Algerine were deployed to the China Station. Both ships recommissioned at Hong Kong and served in Chinese waters during the Boxer Rebellion.  In June 1900 Algerine was involved in an attack on the Taku Forts, including contributing to a multi-national landing party, and had 6 men wounded.  She also landed a 4-inch gun, and this was used in the capture of Tientsin.  Phoenix had the misfortune to be alongside a coaling pier in Hong Kong on 18 September 1906 when a typhoon struck the colony.  She foundered and became a total loss.  Algerine continued to serve, including time at Esquimalt and the West Coast of the United States. In 1914 her crew was sent to man , and in 1917 she was lent to the Royal Canadian Navy to serve as a depot ship at Esquimalt. She was sold in 1919 and converted to a salvage vessel.  In her new guise she was wrecked on 13 October 1923 in the Principe Channel, British Columbia.

Ships

Citations

References

External links

Sloop classes
 
 Phoenix
Tredegar Corporation. Tredegar Corporation () is a publicly traded company that manufactures plastic films and aluminum extrusions. It is headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. This company was formed in 1989 when the aluminium, plastics, and energy units of Ethyl Corporation were spun-off. The energy-related assets were subsequently sold in 1994.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Richmond, Virginia
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Keystone LB-5. The Keystone LB-5 (originally ordered under the Huff-Daland name) was a bomber aircraft produced in the United States in the late 1920s. Its manufacturer nicknamed it the Pirate, but this name was not officially adopted by the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC).

Design and development
The LB-5 was a member of the family of closely related bomber designs that had debuted with the XLB-1 in 1923, and as such, was a large, single-bay, conventional biplane. Like most of the family, it was a twin-engine machine, with engines mounted in nacelles on the lower wing. The prototype XLB-5 had a single tail fin like the XLB-1, the 10 LB-5 production machines were designed with a triple-finned tail under the Huff-Daland name, but the final batch of 25 was redesigned with twin tails and designated LB-5A.

Operational history
Its Liberty L-12 engines featured duralumin adjustable-pitch propellers built by the Standard Steel Propeller Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, (forerunner of the Hamilton Standard Propeller Company). At least nine tests of tensile strength were made of its propeller blades between 1925 and 1927, one of which reported failure after 34 hours of flying time and 10 hours of testing.

On 28 May 1927, while at  altitude near Reynoldsburg, Ohio, the XLB-5 prototype (AC serial 26-208) experienced catastrophic failure of its right engine when a blade separated from the hub with explosive power, tearing the engine apart. Shrapnel sprayed the five-man crew, which included 2nd Bombardment Group commander Major Lewis H. Brereton, flying co-pilot, and all except the nosegunner immediately parachuted. The nosegunner died in the crash, and the gasoline-soaked wreckage subsequently exploded and burned on the ground.

Variants

XLB-5 Prototype (1 built from LB-1) with single tail fin 
 LB-5 first production batch with triple tail fins (10 built)
 LB-5A second production batch with twin tails (25 built)

Operators

 United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (LB-5)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989, p. 559. 
 World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 899 Sheet 09.

External links

 National Museum of the USAF XLB-5 fact sheet
 National Museum of the USAF LB-5 fact sheet
 National Museum of the USAF LB-5A fact sheet
 American Bombing Aircraft

LB-5
Light bombers
Keystone LB-5
Seward Highway to Glenn Highway Connection. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF) are leading the Seward Highway to Glenn Highway Connection (also known as Highway to Highway or H2H), a proposed project in Anchorage, Alaska. If constructed, it will improve mobility and access for people and goods using multiple modes of travel on the roads that connect the Seward Highway and Glenn Highway. The lead agencies are coordinating the project with the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

These two highways are currently connected by a network of arterial roads that, during typical rush hours, reach or overflow their capacity.  According to the policy committee of the Anchorage Metropolitan Area Transportation Solutions (AMATS),  “congestion on the Glenn Highway has worsened steadily as the Mat-Su Borough and Chugiak-Eagle River have claimed larger shares of regional growth”  than has the City of Anchorage.  The Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) outlines how we can improve our transportation system to make Anchorage a better place to live, work, and raise future generations of Alaskans. The plan envisions the H2H project as essential to solving traffic congestion in Anchorage.

Project 

The Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, in cooperation with the Municipality of Anchorage, initiated the Seward Highway to Glenn Highway Connection (H2H) project as the latest phase of transportation planning to reduce congestion and traffic impacts on small urban neighborhoods.  The project, as it moves beyond the planning stages, will use a combination of municipal, state, and federal funds, and will comply with all regulations governing use of those funds, including the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

NEPA Process

All projects receiving federal funding must comply with NEPA requirements.  The Seward Highway to Glenn Highway Connection is currently in the scoping stage of project development.  During the scoping process, the project team will collect input from the various individuals, community groups, and government agencies that will be incorporated into an Environmental Impact Statement.  This statement will outline any potential project impacts, not only on the natural environment, but on the neighborhoods, ethnic groups, and income-groups within the project area.

References

State highways in Alaska
Proposed state highways in the United States
Transportation in Anchorage, Alaska
Jin Yilian. Jin Yilian (; born September 1929) is a Chinese computer scientist and a pioneer of supercomputing in the country.

Biography 
Jin was born in Tianjin, with his ancestral home in Changzhou, Jiangsu. He graduated from the department of electrical engineering of Tsinghua University in 1951. From 1956 to 1958, he studied electronic computer science at the Institute of Fine Mechanics and Computation Technology of Soviet Union Academy of Sciences. Jin was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994.

Honors and awards 
In 2002, Jin was the recipient of the prestigious State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, the highest scientific prize awarded in China. Asteroid 100434 Jinyilian, discovered by the Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program in 1996, was named in his honor. The official  was published by the Minor Planet Center on 19 February 2006 ().

References

External links 
 Jin Yilian – Awardee of Technological Science Prize, Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation

1929 births
Living people
Chinese computer scientists
Chinese electrical engineers
Engineers from Tianjin
Members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Scientists from Tianjin
Yaohua High School alumni
Tsinghua University alumni
Highest Science and Technology Award winners
Keystone XLB-3. The Keystone XLB-3 (originally built under the Huff-Daland name) was a prototype bomber biplane developed in the United States in the late 1920s. It was a twin-engine development of the single-engine LB-1, brought about by a change in policy by the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC).

Design and development
The shift from a nose-mounted engine to engines mounted in nacelles on the lower wing created an opportunity to provide stations for two extra crewmembers: a bombardier and a nose-gunner, bringing the total to five. The LB-1's single tailfin and rudder was augmented by an extra rudder either side of it.

Operational history
A single prototype was constructed, and delivered to the USAAC for evaluation at the end of 1927. Evaluation, however, showed that performance was actually inferior to that of the single-engine LB-1. The decision was taken to change the XLB-3's air-cooled inverted Liberty engines for air-cooled radials, at which point it was redesignated XLB-3A. With performance still unsatisfactory, development was abandoned in favor of a parallel design, the LB-5.

Variants
 XLB-3 – original version with Allison VG-1410 air-cooled inverted V-12 engines (1 built)
 XLB-3A – version with Pratt & Whitney R-1340 radial engines (1 converted from XLB-3)

Specifications (XLB-3A)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989. 
 World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 899, Sheet 09.

External links

 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3 fact sheet
 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3A fact sheet
 American Bombing Aircraft

Biplanes
Huff-Daland aircraft
Light bombers
LB-3
Keystone LB-3
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
ECHO Clearinghouse. The Earth Observing System (EOS) Clearinghouse, or ECHO refers to a system that was used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to spatially, temporally and otherwise index the petabytes of data that NASA's Earth Science projects collect. It does not hold the data itself, but serves as a search engine that other applications can access via a web service based interface. While ECHO has been set up to support both data and services, as of mid-2008, data is well represented and services are yet to be focused on.

History 
In the late 1990s, NASA recognized that the emerging internet technologies would facilitate a democratization of the access to data. NASA began the ECHO effort as a prototype, using web technology to allow the public extensive access to data previously only available to researchers. Access was initially through an application programming interface, not a graphical user interface.

Retirement 
In 2017, the Common Metadata Repository (CMR) replaced ECHO as a high-performance, high-quality, continuously evolving metadata system that catalogs all data and service metadata records for NASA's EOSDIS. CMR will be the authoritative management system for all EOSDIS metadata.

References

External links 
Official CMR website

NASA online
Heater (disambiguation). A heater is an appliance whose purpose is to generate heat for a building.
Heater or Heaters may also refer to:

Science, technology and engineering
 Central heating, a system used to heat an entire building

Devices
 Aquarium heater, in fishkeeping, used to warm aquarium water
 Boiler or heater, used to heat water for use in a heating system
 Furnace or heater, used to heat buildings using a central system
 Radiator (heating) or heater, used to transmit heat from a boiler
 Space heater, that heats a single area
 Gas heater, that heats a area using gas
 Oil heater, that heats oil to heat a room

Physics
 Heating element, a device that converts electricity into heat
 Cathode heater, in vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes
 Heater, a vacuum tube filament for an indirectly heated cathode in a vacuum tube

Music
 Heaters (band), an American rock band
 "The Heater", a song by The Mutton Birds
 "Heater" (Samim song), a song by Samim
 "Heaters", a song on the IllScarlett album Clearly in Another Fine Mess

Other uses
 Heater, a slang term for a firearm, usually a handgun or revolver
 Heater (surname)
 Heater shield, a type of shield
 Heaters, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in the US
 A nickname for a fastball
Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics. The Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics (JALC) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of computer science. It was established in 1965 as the Journal of Information Processing and Cybernetics (German: Elektronische Informationsverarbeitung und Kybernetik) and obtained its current title in 1996 with volume numbering reset to 1. The main focus of the journal is on automata theory, formal language theory, and combinatorics.

The editor-in-chief of the journal was, until 2015, Jürgen Dassow of the Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg. From 2016, the editors in chief are Markus Holzer and Martin Kutrib, and the publication is handled by the Institute of Informatics at the University of Giessen.

Bibliographic databases indexing the journal include the ACM Guide to Computing Literature, the Digital Bibliography & Library Project, the MathSciNet database, and the Zentralblatt MATH.

Most cited articles 
According to Google Scholar, the following articles have been cited most often (≥ 100 times):
 Mehryar Mohri. Semiring frameworks and algorithms for shortest-distance problems. Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics 7(3):321–350 (2002)
 Rolf Wiehagen. Limes-Erkennung rekursiver Funktionen durch spezielle Strategien. Elektronische Informationsverarbeitung und Kybernetik 12(1/2):93–99 (1976)
 Gheorghe Păun. Regular extended H systems are computationally universal. Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics 1(1):27–36  (1996)

References

External links 
 

Computer science journals
Theoretical computer science
Academic journals established in 1996
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
Stahlbahnwerke Freudenstein. Stahlbahnwerke Freudenstein is a defunct German railway company.

Company history 

The company was founded in 1891 by the merchant Julius Freudenstein; until then, Freudenstein had worked for Orenstein & Koppel. Originally, the company traded in track and materials for railways.  

In 1895, Freudenstein acquired a small manufacturing facility in Tempelhof, Berlin for the construction of its own locomotives. At the same time, the company became a limited company.

The production of the company's own locomotives was only a stopgap, that was without great success, even with an order for Prussian state railway supplies. In 1905, Freudenstein merged with Orenstein & Koppel. This led shortly afterward to liquidation and closure of Freudenstein's plant at Tempelhof.

Production figures
The last definite works number is FNr.238, built in 1905.  

It is currently not known the exact number of locomotives that were built by Freudenstein, but it is estimated to be approximately 250, 5 are known to be preserved:

References

Defunct locomotive manufacturers of Germany
Gloster Grouse. The Gloster Grouse was a British biplane of the 1920s developed by the Gloster Aircraft Company. Often referred to as the prototype to the Gloster Grebe, the Grouse originally built as an experimental aircraft and then later developed as a trainer. Despite its compact design and maneuverability, the Grouse was not in itself a commercial success, although it formed the basis for the Gloster Grebe and Gamecock fighters which were used by Britain's Royal Air Force into the 1930s.

Design and development
The design of the Gloster Grouse was an experiment to combine the advantages of the monoplane with those of a biplane. It was designed by English aviation engineer and aircraft designer Henry Folland, the designer of the S.E.5 among other aircraft. The top wing had a thick, high lift aerofoil, while the bottom wing was smaller, with a thinner medium lift aerofoil set at a smaller angle of attack than the upper wing. This arrangement was meant to produce high lift for take-off with low drag.

To test this arrangement, new wings were fitted to a modified Gloster Sparrowhawk fuselage to produce the Gloster Grouse.  The resulting aircraft was a small biplane with single bay wooden wings. The fuselage was rather short, and while the aircraft used the fuselage of a two-seat Sparrowhawk II, the forward cockpit was faired over, leaving a single seat for the pilot in an open cockpit. The Grouse retained the Bentley BR2 rotary engine of the Sparrowhawk driving a two blade propeller.

The prototype Grouse Mk I (registration G-EAYN) first flew in 1923, proving during testing that Folland's theories were correct.  After evaluation by the RAF, orders were placed for three fighter derivatives, to be powered by Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar radial engines, designated Gloster Grebe.

In 1924, Gloster rebuilt the Grouse into a two-seat basic trainer, the Grouse II, powered by an Armstrong Siddeley Lynx radial to replace the RAFs aging Avro 504s, emerging in this form in 1925.

Operational history
The Grouse II was unsuccessful in meeting the RAF's needs, a new version of the Avro 504, the 504N, also powered by the Lynx engine, being preferred. The Swedish Army Aviation Company purchased the Grouse II prototype as an advanced trainer. The aircraft was delivered just a short time before the Swedish Air Force was founded in the summer of 1926. During its time in Sweden, it only flew 109 hours. The pilots were impressed with the good performance of the aircraft, but no more Gloster Grouses were provided to the Air Force.

Operators

Royal Swedish Air Force

Specifications (Grouse II)

See also

Notes

References

.
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1920s British fighter aircraft
Grouse
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1923
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear