omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Butoxyacetic acid. Butoxyacetic acid is an aliphatic organic chemical. It is a liquid. It has the formula C6H12O3 and CAS Registry Number of 2516-93-0. It is REACH registered  with the EC number 677-344-8. n-Butyl glycidyl ether is metabolized renally to this compound as is 2-butoxyethanol. Methods have been developed and papers published to detect the compound in urine and blood.

Uses
It is used as a biocide.

References

Organic acids
Ethers
Stefan Bengtsson (engineer). Jan Stefan Bengtsson (born 27 September 1961) is a Swedish engineer and professor in solid-state electronics. He is the former vice-chancellor of Malmö University and president of Chalmers University of Technology.

Biography 

After completing a Master of Science in Engineering degree in 1985, he worked at SAAB Automobile in Trollhättan, Västergötland before returning to Chalmers for doctoral studies. In 1992, Bengtsson defended his thesis on how complex silicon-based materials and components can be constructed using wafer bonding, for which he received the SAAB–Scania Award. Since 2002, he has been a professor in solid-state electronics at Chalmers. His field of study includes silicon-based materials, components and electronic circuits, namely the basis of all consumer electronics.

Following the turn of the millennium, he was a visiting professor at the Grenoble Institute of Technology for six months. Bengtsson held office as vice-chancellor of Malmö University as well as prorector and vice-president of the Chalmers University of Technology, prior to his promotion on 1 August 2015 as president. Since 1 February 2014, he has been chairman of the board of SUNET, the Swedish university computer network.

References

External links 

 Publications via the Chalmers website

1961 births
Living people
Swedish electrical engineers
People from Gothenburg
Academic staff of the Chalmers University of Technology
Academic staff of Malmö University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Inland Water Transport Development Company. The Inland Water Transport Development Company (IWTDC) is an initiative launched by the Government of Punjab, Pakistan established in 2014. The primary objective of this company is to establish an inland water transport system spanning the corridor of the Indus River, extending from Port Qasim to Nowshera. It is situated in Rawalpindi. Additionally, operational facilities are in the process of being established at Daudkhel and at three field camps along the River Indus.

Background
The Inland Water Transport Development Company (IWTDC) was established under Section 42 of the Companies Act 2017. The Government of Punjab plays a pivotal role in financing and wholeheartedly backing the company's endeavors to develop and substantiate the advantages of water transport. The endeavor to create a navigation channel stemmed from the collaborative efforts of a group of private sector professionals, with Naeem Sarfraz at the helm. These dedicated efforts spanned numerous years in pursuit of this goal.

See also
 Inland Waterway Authority (Pakistan)

References

Transport companies of Pakistan
Government-owned companies of Pakistan
Transport in Punjab, Pakistan
Water transport in Pakistan

External links
  – official website
Giant birefringence. When values of birefingence are very high, the property is termed giant birefringence which more generically is called giant optical anisotropy. Values for giant birefringence exceed 0.3. Much bigger numbers (over 2.0) are termed "colossal birefringence". These are achieved using nanostructures.

Some oxides, for example borate or iodate can have high birefringence. Also compounds containing C=O bonds have higher levels. These include oxalates, squarates and cyanurates. One trade-off is with band gap. If the band gap is small, then the material is not transparent to visible light, but can be transparent for infrared. Chalgogenides may have high birefringence, but only in the infrared. Halide perovskites such as CsPbBrxCl3−x have fairly high birefringence that varies significantly in the optical spectrum.

Some transition metal oxyhalides: MoOCl4, WOCl4,  have birefringence in the giant category and MoO2Br2, WOBr4, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 are predicted to have birefringence over 0.6 at 1065 nm.

List

References

Optical phenomena
Volocopter Volocity. The VoloCity is an electrically powered aircraft that can fly autonomously and take off and land vertically. It is produced by the German manufacturer Volocopter and is its first series model.

History 
The VoloCity, Volocopter is the fourth generation and first series model of its flying machine after the Volocopter VC200 / 2X. It is equipped with two vertical stabilisers to keep the flight direction more stable. The device is aligned with the SC-VTOL regulations published by EASA in July 2019. In June 2021, the model 2X performed a three-minute flight at Le Bourget. From September 2021, the VoloCity will be tested in Pontoise near Paris for possible use during the 2024 Olympic Games. An uncrewed one-minute remote-controlled maiden flight of the VoloCity production version in December 2021 was followed by the first crewed flight on 13 April 2022.

Design 
The VoloCity is equipped with 18 individual motors. The goal of the development in January 2013 was a certifiable two-seat Volocopter, based on the VC Evolution 2P concept study. The VC200 and 2X models are equipped with a total rescue system, which is a first for helicopters. In normal helicopters and gyrocopters (autogyros), the way up is blocked by the main rotor and the use of a total rescue system is not possible. Previously, only Kamow helicopters could be rescued by jettisoning the two main rotors and then using an ejection seat. For maximum safety, all flight-critical systems are designed with multiple redundancy.

Specifications 

The first planned use is the introduction of an air taxi service in Singapore within the next three years. As the eVTOL air vehicle does not emit exhaust gases and the noise emissions are low, Volocopter wants to offer services especially in urban areas. It's to reduce congestion and complement urban mobility.

In an initial phase, the VoloCity will have a pilot on board. But, it is designed to fly fully autonomously. It's possible once the regulatory requirements for autonomous flight have been issued by the aviation authorities. In addition to passenger flight, Volocopter also sees the use for the VoloCity in air rescue. An initial study with ADAC Luftrettung, the operator of the largest fleet of rescue helicopters in Germany, concluded that the use of multicopters such as the VoloCity would be beneficial and could improve emergency care.

See also 

 List of aircraft

External links 

 Volocopter GmbH

References 

 
Aircraft first flown in 2021
EVTOL aircraft
Electric aircraft
Urban air mobility
Pulumi. Pulumi Corporation is a software company based in Seattle, Washington. Pulumi develops a open-source infrastructure-as-code software.

History 
Pulumi was founded in 2017 by former Microsoft employees Joe Duffy and Eric Rudder.

Software 

The open-source Pulumi CLI and SDKs allows users to manage cloud infrastructure resources in Cloud Providers such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and Kubernetes. using programming languages such as Go, JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, Java, C# and YAML.

Pulumi's Automation API supports provisioning infrastructure via programmatic workflows.

Criticism 
In May 2024 it was reported that Pulumi AI-generated code examples indexed by Google's search engine contain many cases that are untested and/or buggy.
  One comment to the report suggested that examples like those can be avoided by using Google's advanced search prefix, "before:2023" when searching for code.

See also 
 Terraform

References 

Software companies based in Seattle
American companies established in 2017
2017 establishments in Washington (state)
Mark D. Foster. Mark D. Foster is the Thomas A. Knowles Professor of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, and associate dean of programs, policy and engagement at the University of Akron. His area of research is polymer surfaces and interfaces.

Education 

Foster completed his undergraduate studies in Chemical Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis in 1981.  He completed his doctorate, also in Chemical Engineering at University of Minnesota, Twin Cities in 1987.  He then took a postdoctoral Staff Scientist position at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research.  He held a senior postdocotoral position under Frank S. Bates at the University of Minnesota during 1989–1990.

Career 

Foster joined the University of Akron Polymer Science faculty in 1990 at the rank of assistant professor.  He served as chair of the department of polymer science from 2005 to 2008.  Since 2008, he has held roles as associate Dean, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, as well as Director of the Akron Global Polymer Academy.

His most cited work treated the subject of epoxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers.

Awards and recognition

 2005 - Sparks–Thomas award from the ACS Rubber Division

References 

Living people
Polymer scientists and engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
McKelvey School of Engineering alumni
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
University of Akron faculty
Fluoroether E-1. Fluoroether E-1 (known chemically as heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, is a chemical compound that is among the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This synthetic fluorochemical is used in the GenX process, and may arise from the degradation of GenX chemicals including FRD-903.

Production 
The main production of Fluoroether E-1 is within the GenX process where FRD-903 (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid) is used to generate (FRD-902) ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate, and Fluoroether E-1 (heptafluoropropyl 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether).

Properties 
Fluoroether E-1 is a colorless liquid that is practically insoluble in water. It is volatile and has a low boiling point.

References 

Perfluorinated compounds
Chemours
Chemical processes
Dhaka–Ashulia Elevated Expressway. Dhaka–Ashulia Elevated Expressway is an under-construction elevated expressway project in Bangladesh. Once built, the expressway will become Bangladesh’s third elevated expressway and connect Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport with Abdullahpur, Ashulia, Baipayl and Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) on the Nabinagar–Chandra highway. Near the airport it will meet the Dhaka Elevated Expressway. The project is being implemented by Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA).

In March 2024, the authority announced plans to construct a trumpet interchange at Baipayl, where three major roads converge, aimed at enhancing traffic flow. However, the introduction of this interchange will necessitate design modifications, potentially resulting in a cost increase of  for the overall project.

See also 
Dhaka Elevated Expressway
List of roads in Bangladesh

References 

Savar Upazila
Roads in Dhaka
Bridges in Dhaka
Expressways in Bangladesh
First Light Fusion. First Light Fusion Ltd is a British fusion research company, based in Oxfordshire, England.

Projectile fusion 
The company's approach to fusion research is a particular form of inertial fusion called projectile fusion. Projectile fusion involves electromagnetically accelerating a metal projectile, firing it into a fusion target similar to that used by NIF that is embedded in a cube. The cube is termed an amplifier. It contains spherical cavities that send the projectile's energy onto the fuel capsule, focusing shock waves instead of light. The projectile speed (tens of kilometers per second) becomes an implosion speed of hundreds of kilometers per second (producing fuel pressure of 10–100 terapascals), sufficient to produce fusion.

History 
The company was founded by Nicholas Hawker and his former academic adviser Yiannis Ventikos in 2011, as a research spin-off at the University of Oxford.

Ventikos had suggested forming the company based on Hawker's research into hydrodynamic simulations of shock-driven cavity collapse. Part of Hawker's PhD research had involved studying the cavity collapse caused by a pistol shrimp's claw.

In January 2023 it was announced that the company had entered an agreement with the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority to develop First Light's "Machine 4" (M4) at the UKAEA's Culham Campus. M4 will attempt to demonstrate the capacity of projectile fusion to reach net energy gain.

Belgium-based engineering company Tractebel announced the signing of a framework agreement in July 2023 to jointly develop the M4 facility with First Light.

In March 2024, the company announced that it had set a record of 1.85-terapascals with an 80-terawatt shot using the Z-machine at Sandia National Laboratories. In April 2024, the company announced that it had extended the distance its projectiles can travel without self-destructing from 1 cm to 10 cm.

References 

Fusion power companies
Technology companies of the United Kingdom
Engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences. The Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) is an Indian research institute that works with the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

History 
The Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) was established in 1991 by Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar. In 2021, Dr BLV Prasad appointed as director.

Research activities

Materials research 
CeNS was involved in materials research, encompassing various length scales. exploration of a wide range of materials,  metal and semiconductor nanostructures, liquid crystals, gels, membranes, and hybrid materials. CeNS made contributions to addressing the challenges posed by COVID-19 in India.

Electrochromic smart window 
In 2022, CeNS engineered a polymeric electrochromic smart window, as an alternative to costly conventional smart windows in contemporary architectural structures.

References 

1991 establishments in India
Research institutes in India
Research institutes established in 1991
Ministry of Science and Technology (India)
Henry Girdlestone Acres. Henry Girdlestone Acres (1880-1945) was a hydroelectric engineer from St. Catharines, Canada.

Biography
Acres was born in Paris, Ontario, and was educated at the University of Toronto. In 1908, he married Augusta Louise Helliwell Acres. They had a daughter, Constance, who died in 1939.

Acres contributed to the design and oversight of the Chippawa-Queenston Project for the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission and the Shipshaw development in Arvida, Quebec. The latter was inaugurated in 1942 as the world's largest localized power development.

In 1905, Acres was involved in the introduction of a 10,000-horsepower turbine. In 1907, he oversaw the establishment of the first 110,000-volt transmission line. Throughout his career, he worked with multiple Canadian organizations, including the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario and Vickers.

References

1880 births
1945 deaths
Hydroelectric engineers
Data centre tiers. Data centre tiers are defined levels of resiliency and redundancy for IT facility infrastructure. They are widely used in the data center, ISP and cloud computing industries as part of the engineering design for high availability systems.

The standard data center tiers are:

 Tier I: no redundancy
 Tier II: partial N+1 redundancy
 Tier III: full N+1 redundancy of all systems, including power supply and cooling distribution paths
 Tier IV: as Tier III, but with 2N+1 redundancy of all systems
A Tier III system is intended to operate at Tier II resiliency even when under maintenance, and a Tier IV system is intended to operate at Tier III resiliency even when under maintenance.

Most commercial data centers are Tier III; instead of using Tier IV datacentres, many large service providers typically use multiple availability zones to implement of their services, thus achieving greater resilience than would be possible with any single data centre.

The data center tier system was created by the Uptime Institute.

See also 
 Availability zone

References 

Data centers
Reliability engineering
General Motors BT1 platform. The GM BT1 platform, marketed under Ultium branding, is a dedicated electric vehicle architecture or platform developed by General Motors (GM). It underpins electric full-size pickup trucks and SUVs sold by GM, using battery and motor technology developed under its Ultium program; these are shared with third-generation GM electric vehicles on the BEV3 platform. BT1 is categorized as a skateboard platform.

History
In October 2019, GM made an agreement with the United Auto Workers (UAW) union to invest US$3 billion in Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly over the next four years, renaming it to "Factory Zero" and converting it to a factory for electric trucks and vans. The UAW's copy of the agreement revealed the "centerpiece" of the investment was a program internally called "Project O" or BT1, which would develop and begin selling a low-volume pickup truck by 2021, aimed at the high end of the market.

The same platform developed for that project, which resulted in the GMC Hummer EV, also would be used for electric versions of full-size General Motors pickup trucks (Chevrolet Silverado / GMC Sierra) and SUVs (Chevrolet Tahoe / Suburban, GMC Yukon, and Cadillac Escalade).

Design
The BT1 platform is designed for full-size trucks and SUVs which currently use a body-on-frame architecture, while unibody passenger cars and crossover utility vehicles will be based on BEV3; both platforms use Ultium batteries and motors. However, Nichole Kraatz, the GM chief engineer for battery electric trucks, characterized BT1 as "not a unibody and ... not a body-on-frame", as the body has an integral floor, like a unibody, but rests on the battery structure, which also acts as a structural member. This confirmed early speculation published in 2019.

Despite its name suggesting a relation to the T1 platform, BT1 shares no parts with the older internal combustion engine full-size pickup truck and SUV platform.

As implemented for the GMC Hummer EV, BT1 has a stamped and welded steel battery case with 24 modules, totaling 246 kW-hr gross, of which 212 kW-hr are usable; the total weight of the battery alone is .

Applications

Current models 
 GMC Hummer EV (2021–present)
 Chevrolet Silverado EV / GMC Sierra EV (2023–present)
 Cadillac Escalade IQ (2024–present)

Future models 

 Chevrolet Tahoe EV / GMC Yukon EV (2026)
 Chevrolet Suburban EV / GMC Yukon XL EV (2026)

See also 

 General Motors BEV3 platform
 Ultium, the battery and motor used for the platform

References 

Electric vehicle platforms
General Motors platforms
Lead polonide. Lead polonide is the polonide of lead, with the chemical formula of . It occurs naturally, as lead is produced in the alpha decay of polonium.

Preparation 
Lead polonide can be formed by reacting polonium vapour and lead under a vacuum.

Properties 
Lead polonide has a sodium chloride structure, which is the same as lead telluride. It has a cubic crystal structure, with the space group Fmm (No. 225), with lattice constant a = 6.59 Å.

References 

Lead(II) compounds
Polonides
Tungsten diarsenide. Tungsten diarsenide is an arsenide of tungsten with the chemical formula WAs2. Other tungsten arsenides include tungsten triarsenide (WAs3) and ditungsten triarsenide (W2As3).

Preparation 

Tungsten diarsenide can be produced by the direct reaction of tungsten and arsenic at 600 to 1000 °C. It can also be formed by the reaction of arsenic or arsine and tungsten hexachloride.

Properties 

Tungsten diarsenide is a black solid. It forms crystals in the monoclinic crystal system with the same structure of molybdenum diarsenide. Tungsten diarsenide is insoluble in hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and alkaline aqueous solutions. It reacts with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. At high temperatures, tungsten diarsenide reacts with air to form tungsten trioxide and arsenic trioxide.

References 

Tungsten compounds
Arsenides
Neptunium(III) iodide. Neptunium(III) iodide is the iodide of neptunium with the chemical formula NpI3.

Preparation 

Neptunium(III) iodide can be produced by the reaction of neptunium dioxide and aluminium iodide:

Properties 

Neptunium(III) iodide is a hygroscopic brown solid with a melting point of 767 °C. It is orthorhombic (plutonium(III) bromide structure), space group Ccmm (No. 63), lattice parameters a = 430pm, b = 1403pm and c = 995pm.

References

External reading 
 

 

Neptunium(III) compounds
Iodides
Actinide halides
Plutonium(III) iodide. Plutonium(III) iodide is the iodide of plutonium with the chemical formula PuI3.

Preparation 

Plutonium(III) iodide can be formed by the reaction of plutonium and mercury(II) iodide:

It can also be produced by reacting plutonium and hydrogen iodide at 450 °C. Even if there is only a small amount of oxygen and water in the reaction, the generated plutonium(III) iodide will immediately hydrolyze into plutonium iodide oxide.

Properties 

Plutonium(III) iodide is a green solid with a melting point of 777 °C. It is orthorhombic (plutonium(III) bromide structure), space group Ccmm (No. 63), lattice parameters a = 433 pm, b = 1395 pm and c = 996 pm.

References

External reading 
 

Plutonium(III) compounds
Iodides
Actinide halides
Citroën Tubik. The Citroën Tubik is a futuristic concept car developed by Citroën. It was presented at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.

Overview 
The Tubik was named and styled after the Citroën TUB and the Type H. It is a futuristic minivan 4.80 m long and 2.08 m wide powered by the Diesel hybrid engine, called “Hybrid4”, derived from the Peugeot 3008. It can accommodate nine people in a very modular interior where the central bench seat can be transformed into a bed or a work tablet while the two front passenger seats tilt to face the rear passengers.

The Tubik's exterior was dsigned by Lars Taubert. The interior was developed by designers Pascal Grappey and Guillaume Lemaitre.

References

Tubik
Diesel–electric cars
Cars introduced in 2011
Retro-style automobiles
Melges IC37. The Melges IC37 is an American planing sailboat that was designed by Mark Mills as a one design racer and first built in 2017.

Production
The design was initial built by Westerly Marine in United States but Fibre Mechanics based in Lymington in England were soon added to increase production capacity. The initial 20 boats are all owned by the New York Yacht Club based in Newport, Rhode Island. Additional boats were sold to NYYC members and international with boats also sold to Royal Yacht Squadron members racing in the Solent.

Design
The boat was conceived by New York Yacht Club following an evolution of designs to replace the ClubSwan 42 fleet which were over 10 years old. The boat was targeted at the younger members closer to high performance racing yachts like the TP52 than previous boats which were genuine racers/cruiser yachts with a cruising interior.

The boat was design by Mark Mills with KND Sailing Performance
perforing the CFD and VPP Analysis and the Structural Engineering: SDK Structures. In addition North Sails Group were responsible for the rig and sail development.

See also
NYYC Invitational Cup
New York Yacht Club
ClubSwan 42
Swan 47-2

References

External links

Keelboats
2010s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
One-design sailing classes
Sailboat type designs by Mark Mills
Sailboat types built by Melges Performance Sailboats