omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Asia Pacific Rayon. Asia Pacific Rayon (APR) is one of the largest viscose-rayon producers in Asia, with annual capacity of 300,000 tons of viscose-rayon. The company is based in Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia. The company produces renewable and biodegradable viscose-rayon, which is made from wood cellulose, and serves as an alternative to fossil-based synthetics in the textile industry. It is one of Royal Golden Eagle's business groups.

Business 
APR is the largest integrated rayon factory in Indonesia. Most of its supply come from pulp and paper producer APRIL. It claims its "from plantation to fashion" integrated value chain supports the nation's "Making Indonesia 4.0" economic roadmap, which aims to boost competitiveness in, among many, five priority sectors: Food and drinks, automotive, textile, electronics, and chemicals.

The company produces viscose-rayon, commonly used in textile products. 
APR's products are exported to 14 countries including Brazil Turkey, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh various parts of Europe.

In a collaboration with the International Chamber of Commerce and Singapore-based blockchain startup Perlin Net Group, APR on 9 April 2019 launched 'Follow Our Fibre', a blockchain project on viscose supply chain traceability.

References

External links 
 Official Website

Textile companies of Indonesia
Indonesian brands
Puji Bridge (Suzhou). The Puji Bridge () is a historic stone arch bridge over the Shantang River in the Gusu District of Suzhou, Jiangsu.

History
The original bridge dates back to the Tang dynasty (618–907), which mentioned it in the Geography of Wu (). At that time, it was made of woods. In 1494 during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), local people Zhou Fang () raised funds to restore it. His deeds were recorded in the Annuals of Gusu ().

The bridge was built in 1710, in the 49th year of Kangxi Emperor in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It underwent three renovations, respectively in the ruling of Qianlong Emperor (1793) and in the reign of Daoguang Emperor (1841) and in 1925.

It was inscribed to the Suzhou Municipal Level Cultural Heritage List in 1982. In March 2019, it was added to Jiangsu's List of Provincial Cultural Heritage.

Architecture
The bridge measures  long,  wide, and approximately  high.

References

Bridges in Suzhou
Arch bridges in China
Bridges completed in 1710
Qing dynasty architecture
Buildings and structures completed in 1710
1710 establishments in China
Dibutyl maleate. Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl). It is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.

Preparation 
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Uses 
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds. With the invention of polyaspartic technology the material found another use. In this situation,  an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction. The resulting products, polyaspartic esters  products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

See also
 Diethyl maleate
 Dimethyl maleate

References 

Maleate esters
Plasticizers
Alpeite. Alpeite (IMA symbol: Apt) is a calcium manganese magnesium silicate mineral with the chemical formula CaMnAl(MnMg)(SiO)(SiO)(VO)(OH). It is named for its type locality, the Monte Alpe mine in Italy.

References 

Calcium minerals
Manganese(III) minerals
Magnesium minerals
Sorosilicates
Heath Clark. Heath Clark (born October 14, 1980) is an American Software Engineer, Software Systems Engineer and politician from Georgia. Clark is a former Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives from the 147th district from 2015 to 2023.

Early life
Clark's father was in the U.S. Air Force.
At 2 weeks old, Clark's family lived in Japan. In 1983, Clark's family moved to Georgia. Clark grew up in Warner Robins, Georgia. In 1999, Clark graduated from Warner Robins High School.

Education
Clark attended Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forrest, North Carolina. Clarked earned an Associates degree from Georgia Military College. In 2005, Clark earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Information Technology from Middle Georgia State University in Macon, Georgia.

Career
Clark started his career as a pastor.
Clark is a Software Engineer and a Software Systems Engineer.

On November 4, 2014, Clark won the election unopposed and became a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives for District 147. On November 8, 2016, as an incumbent, Clark won the election unopposed and continued serving District 147. On November 6, 2018, as an incumbent, Clark won the election and continued serving District 147. Clark defeated Fenika Miller with 54.15% of the votes. On November 3, 2020, as an incumbent, Clark won the election and continued serving District 147. Clark defeated Stephen Baughier with 52.26% of the votes.

Personal life
Clark's wife is Lindsey Clark. They have four children. Clark and his family live in Warner Robins, Georgia.

See also
 2020 Georgia House of Representatives election

References

External links
 Heath N. Clark at ballotpedia.org
 Heath N Clark at ourcampaigns.com

1980 births
American software engineers
Engineers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Living people
People from Warner Robins, Georgia
Republican Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
21st-century members of the Georgia General Assembly
Hokuyo Automatic Co., Ltd.. Hokuyo Automatic Co., Ltd. () is a global manufacturer of sensor and automation technology headquartered in Osaka, Japan. 

Hokuyo is known for its 2D and 3D scanning laser range finders for use in AGV, UAV, and mobile robot applications. The company also develops photoelectric switches, optical data transceivers, automatic counters, and automatic doors, primarily for use in factory and logistics automation.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Osaka
Manufacturing companies established in 1946
Robotics companies of Japan
Japanese brands
Sarah Bergbreiter. Sarah Bergbreiter is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, previously a professor at the University of Maryland. Her research specifically has focused on microrobotics, with projects influencing the medicine and consumer electronic spheres. She has given TED Talks highlighting her micro robots that can jump over 80 times their height. One such micro robot is the 4 millimeter "flea".  She has won multiple awards for her work including the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2008, the NSF CAREER Award in 2011, and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) Award in 2013. Bergbreiter received her B.S.E degree in electrical engineering from Princeton University, and her M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

References

Living people
American mechanical engineers
American roboticists
Women roboticists
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers
Kathleen Giacomini. Kathleen M. Giacomini is a professor of bioengineering and therapeutic sciences at the University of California, San Francisco. Her work focuses on how genetics affects the efficacy of drugs. She is also the co-director UCSF-Stanford Center of Excellence in Regulatory Sciences and Innovation for the department of Bioengineering at the University of California, San Francisco.

Giacomini has organized Health Care conferences in the San Francisco Bay Area

Education
Giacomini earned her doctorate in pharmaceutics from the University at Buffalo. From 1979 to 81, Giacomini was a post-doctoral fellow in clinical pharmacology at Stanford University.

Career
In 1998, Giacomini was named chair of the department of biopharmaceutical sciences at the University of California San Francisco. In 1999, Giacomini became the first woman honored as Pharmaceutical Scientist of the Year by the International Pharmaceutical Federation. In 2000, Giacomini organized the Pharmacogenomics of Membrane Transporters (PMT) Project at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2005, while serving as vice chair of the Pharmacogenetics Research Network, Giacomini was awarded the Paul Dawson Biotechnology Award by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.

In 2010, Giacomini received the Therapeutic Frontiers Lecture Award from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. The following year she was awarded the Scheele Award for her work on the pharmacogenetics of drug transporters. In 2014, Giacomini became the co-director UCSF-Stanford Center of Excellence in Regulatory Sciences and Innovation for the department of Bioengineering.

In 2018, Giacomini was awarded the Bill Heller Mentor of the Year Award by the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education and the Volwiler Research Award.

References 

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American bioengineers
American geneticists
American women academics
American women non-fiction writers
University of California, San Francisco faculty
University at Buffalo alumni
21st-century American women
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Tanja Kortemme. Tanja Kortemme is a bioengineering professor at University of California, San Francisco. She has been recognized for outstanding contributions in computational protein design, including energy functions, sampling algorithms, and molecules to rewire cellular control circuits. She was an inaugural Chan Zuckerberg Biohub investigator and was inducted into American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering College of Fellows.

Education
Kortemme earned her Bachelor of Science in biochemistry at the University of Hannover before earning her diploma and doctorate in biochemistry. She then completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Heidelberg, and joined the University of Washington as a computation associate. After four years at the University of Washington, Kortemme accepted a job at the University of California, San Francisco.

Career
Kortemme joined the University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy as an assistant professor in 2004. The following year, she was awarded the Sloan Research Fellowship by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. She later received the NSF Career Award in 2008. In 2011, Kortemme received funding to conduct further research on biosensors that detect and respond to small molecules inside cells.

In 2017, she was named an inaugural Chan Zuckerberg Biohub investigator. In 2019, Kortemme was inducted into American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering College of Fellows.

References

American bioengineers
Living people
German women scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women bioengineers
Computational biologists
21st-century American engineers
21st-century American women engineers
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
Women computational biologists
Valeria Nicolosi. Valeria Nicolosi is the Professor of Nanomaterials and Advanced Microscopy in the School of Chemistry in Trinity College Dublin. She is a nanotechnologist who specializes in low-dimensional nano-structures and high-end electron microscopy.

Career
She received her BSc in Chemistry from the University of Catania in 2001 and a PhD in Physics in 2006 from Trinity College Dublin. In 2017, Trinity College Dublin selected her as a Professorial Fellow. Her research has been funded with over 12 million euros since 2012, and is currently associated with Ireland's Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) science foundation. In addition to being a principal investigator with AMBER, she is Trinity College Dublin's Chair of Nanomaterials and Advanced Microscopy. In 2019 she was admitted as a member of the Royal Irish Academy.

She has previously worked at the University of Oxford where she held a Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC Fellowship, and was awarded a European Research Council starting grant to expand her work.

Nicolosi’s research incorporates synthesis, exfoliation and characterization of 2D materials for various applications, particularly energy storage. She is particularly active in the characterization of materials using advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as aberration-corrected TEM, STEM, EELS and EDX. She has published almost 200 papers which have been cited 43,000 times, leading to a h-index of 69.

Nicolosi acted as an Ambassador for the European Innovation Council.

References 

Italian nanotechnologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Catania alumni
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Italian women scientists
21st-century Italian scientists
21st-century women scientists
Fellows of Trinity College Dublin
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
21st-century Italian women
Angelika Kalt. Angelika Kalt is a Swiss professor of petrology and geodynamics who was at The University of Neuchâtel from 2000 to 2008. She started at the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) in 2008 and in April 2016, became its director. 

While at University of Neuchâtel, she started a cross-university doctoral school in mineralogy. At the SNSF, her team includes 59% of women.

In 2017 Kalt became an ordinary member of the governing board of Science Europe.

References

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Petrologists
Swiss geophysicists
Swiss women physicists
21st-century Swiss geologists
Women geophysicists
20th-century Swiss women scientists
20th-century Swiss physicists
21st-century Swiss women scientists
21st-century Swiss scientists
21st-century Swiss physicists
Academic staff of the University of Neuchâtel
Roxana Geambasu. Roxana Geambașu is a Romanian-American computer scientist who is an associate professor of Computer Science at Columbia University. The topics of her research include cloud computing, security and privacy, and operating systems.

Education
Geambașu is originally from Ploiești in Romania, and graduated from Politehnica University of Bucharest in 2005, as valedictorian of Computer Science and Engineering.

As a graduate student in Computer Science at the University of Washington, Geambașu  came to be supported in her research by Google as one of their first Google PhD Fellows. She completed her Ph.D. in 2011, with three advisors, Steve Gribble, Tadayoshi Kohno, and Hank Levy. Her dissertation was Regaining Control over Cloud and Mobile Data.

Contributions
As a graduate student, Geambașu led the Vanish project for handling "self-destructing data".

In 2014, a team at Columbia led by Geambașu developed a tool called XRay for detecting correlations between ads shown to people and their personal data. With it, they found evidence that an advertising tool used by Gmail until November 2014 targeted ads based on sensitive personal information—something its policies, both those in place in 2014 and those in place now, say it does not do.

Recognition
Popular Science named Geambașu in their "brilliant ten" in 2014 for her work tracking corporate use of personal data. She was given a Sloan Research Fellowship in 2016 for her work in cloud and mobile data privacy. She has also received an Early Career Award in Cybersecurity from the University of Washington Center for Academic Excellence. As well as a William Chan Dissertation Award, and two best paper awards at difference conferences.

References

External links 
 Home page
 

Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women scientists
21st-century Romanian scientists
21st-century Romanian women
American computer scientists
Columbia University faculty
Expatriate academics in the United States
Living people
People from Ploiești
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
Romanian emigrants to the United States
Romanian women computer scientists
University of Washington alumni
Sloan Research Fellows
American women academics
Ammonolysis. In chemistry, ammonolysis (/am·mo·nol·y·sis/) is the process of splitting ammonia into  NH2- + H+.  Ammonolysis reactions can be conducted with organic compounds to produce amines (molecules containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair, :N), or with inorganic compounds to produce nitrides. This reaction is analogous to hydrolysis in which water molecules are split. Similar to water, liquid ammonia also undergoes auto-ionization, {2 NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2- }, where the rate constant is k = 1.9 × 10−38.

Organic compounds such as alkyl halides, hydroxyls (hydroxyl nitriles and carbohydrates), carbonyl (aldehydes/ketones/esters/alcohols), and sulfur (sulfonyl derivatives) can all undergo ammonolysis in liquid ammonia.

Organic synthesis

Mechanism: Ammonolysis of Esters 
This mechanism is similar to the hydrolysis of esters, the ammonia attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The reformation of the C-O double bond ejects the ester. The alkoxide deprotonates the ammonia forming an alcohol and amide as products.

Of haloalkanes 
On heating a haloalkane and concentrated ammonia in a sealed tube with ethanol, a series of amines are formed along with their salts. The tertiary amine is usually the major product.

{NH3 ->[\ce{RX}] RNH2 ->[\ce{RX}] R2NH ->[\ce{RX}] R3N ->[\ce{RX}] R4N+}

This is known as Hoffmann's ammonolysis.

Of alcohols 
Alcohols can also undergo ammonolysis when in the presence of ammonia. An example is the conversion of phenol to aniline, catalyzed by stannic chloride.

ROH + NH3 A ->[\ce{SnCl4}]  RNH2 + H2O

Of carbonyl compounds 
The reaction between a ketone and ammonia results in an imine and byproduct water. This reaction is water sensitive and thus drying agents such as aluminum chloride or a Dean–Stark apparatus must be employed to remove water. The resulting imine will react and decompose back into the ketone and the ammonia when in the presence of water. This is due to the fact that this reaction is reversible:

R2CO + NH3  <=>  R2CNH + H2O .

Inorganic synthesis 
Ammonolysis can be used to synthesize nitrides (and oxynitrides) by reacting various metal precursors with ammonia, some options include chemical vapor deposition, treating metals or metal oxides with ammonia gas, or liquid supercritical ammonia (also known as "ammonothermal" synthesis, analogous to hydrothermal synthesis).

M + NH3 -> MN + 3/2 H2 

MO2 + 4/3 NH3 -> MN + 2 H2O + 1/6 N2

The products of these reactions may be complex, with mixtures of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen that can be difficult to characterize.

References

Ammonia
Biochemical reactions
Paper computer. Paper computer may refer to:

 Papanek paper computer (Bisociation tool), a paper computer by Victor Papanek for design work
 WDR paper computer, an educational register machine computer constructed of paper
 PaperWindows, a bendable electronic paper computer by the Human Media Lab
 Electronic paper
 Flexible display
 Digital paper
 Ace of Aces (picture book game)

See also
 The Computer Paper, a Canadian computer magazine
 Computer paper, continuous form paper for use with dot-matrix and line printers
 Calculator paper, paper rolls used by printing electronic calculators
Carnot's theorem. Carnot's theorem or Carnot's principle may refer to:

In geometry:
Carnot's theorem (inradius, circumradius), describing a property of the incircle and the circumcircle of a triangle
Carnot's theorem (conics), describing a relation between triangles and conic sections
Carnot's theorem (perpendiculars), describing a property of certain perpendiculars on triangle sides

In physics:
Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics), setting a maximum efficiency obtainable from a heat engine

See also
 Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics
Giuseppe Faccioli. Giuseppe Faccioli (c. 1877 – January 13, 1934) was an electrical engineer, noted for his work in artificial lighting and for creating currents using potentials of 2,000,000 volts.

He attended the Royal Polytechnic Institute of Milan, graduating in 1899 and moving to the US in 1904, where he worked for the New York Edison Company, Interborough, the Crocker Wheeler Company, and Stanley Laboratories, which was absorbed by the General Electric Company in 1908.  He worked there, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, for the remainder of his career, retiring in 1930 as chief engineer.

In 1923, working with F.W. Peak Jr., and W.S. Moody, he demonstrated electric arcs created by potentials of 2,000,000 volts.  In 1932 he received the Lamme Medal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

He was using a wheelchair by 1923.

References

1934 deaths
Italian electrical engineers
Pittsfield, Massachusetts
IEEE Lamme Medal recipients
Year of birth uncertain
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Freudenbergite. Freudenbergite is a mineral that is named in honor of Wilhelm Freudenberg, palaeontologist at the University of Tübingen and the University of Göttingen, and curator for mineralogy and geology at the National Collections of Natural History in Karlsruhe. He studied Katzenbuckel rocks.

Naturally occurring freudenbergite is a solid solution of two end members Na2Fe +32Ti6O16 and Na2Fe +2Ti7O16, which were referred to as low-Ti and high-Ti freudenbergite, respectively Both varieties were found in the course of close examination of samples from the Katzenbuckel Complex, Germany, in which this mineral was documented for the first time  As a possible mineral Fe2+ analog was named UM1983-07-O:FeNaTi 

Monoclinic with straight extinction and high birefringence. Brown.

Synthetic freudenbergite was crystallized during the lamprophyllite incongruity melting.

References

Bibliography
Haggerty, S.E. (1983): A freudenbergite-related mineral in granulites from a kimberlite in Liberia, West Africa. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsch.: 375-384; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1984): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1194

Mysen B. O. , Virgo D. , and Seifert F. A. , “Redox equi? libria of iron in alkaline earth silicate melts: relationships between melt structure, oxygen fugacity, temperature and properties of iron?bearing silicate liquids,” Am. Mineral. 69, 834–847 (1984).

Smith, D.G.W., Nickel, E.H. (2007): A System of Codification for Unnamed Minerals: Report of the SubCommittee for Unnamed Minerals of the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. Canadian Mineralogist: 45: 983-1055; http://nrmima.nrm.se(2016)

Taylor L. A. and  PokhilenkoN., “Ferrous freudenbergite in ilmenite megacrysts: a unique paragenesis from the Dalnaya Kimberlite, Yakutia,” Am. Mineral. 82, 991– 1000 (1997).

Yakovleva O. S. , “Mineral diversity of fenitized xenoliths in the Khibina Massif, Kola Peninsula,” in Mineral Diversity: Study and Conservation (Zemyata and Khorata, Sofia, 2009), pp. 193–199 [in Russian].

Zaitsev, V. A., Kogarko, L. N. and Senin, V. G. (2013) ‘Phase equilibria in the system lamprophyllite-nepheline’, Geochemistry International, 51(11), pp. 889–895.

Minerals