SaxaVord Spaceport. SaxaVord Spaceport, previously known as Shetland Space Centre, is a UK spaceport located on the Lamba Ness peninsula on Unst, the most northerly of the inhabited Shetland Islands off the coast of Scotland. The site is near the RAF Saxa Vord radar station and the settlement of Skaw.

History
A report from the UK Space Agency initially identified the site as offering clear northbound trajectories for polar and sun-synchronous orbits, with the highest potential payload of any location in the UK. 

Lockheed Martin initially expressed interest in flying their UK Pathfinder satellite launch system from the proposed spaceport. The proposed launch vehicle under this programme is the RS1 from ABL Space Systems, a US-based company developing 27 m tall rockets capable of carrying payloads up to 1000 kg into a sun-synchronous orbit. The UK Pathfinder Launch programme is supported by £23.5 million of UK Space Agency grants.

The launch site is also planned to be used by HyImpulse Technologies, a German rocket maker, who were initially aiming for engine and suborbital testing by the end of 2021, with orbital launches originally hoped for by 2023.
In October 2021, Skyrora signed a multi-launch contract over the next decade for SaxaVord, originally intending to begin satellite launches in 2022.

Development
Plans for the spaceport were submitted to Shetland Islands Council by Farningham Planning in January 2021 to enable up to 30 launches per year. The proposal is for three rocket launch pads on Lambda Ness peninsula with additional infrastructure such as a satellite tracking facility, rocket hangars and integration facilities. The plans also document proposals for a Range Control Centre at the former RAF SaxaVord complex, fuel storage facilities at Ordale Airport at Baltasound, and improvements to the launch site's approach roads.

On 29 March 2021, Historic Environment Scotland (HES), a statutory body, refused consent for the development of the spaceport on the grounds it would impact a scheduled monument of national significance – the Chain Home radar station at Skaw. The refusal of consent carried significant legal weight, as it is a criminal offence to carry out works to a scheduled monument without such authorisation. Due to the almost one-to-one overlap of the monument location with the proposed spaceport, this refusal led to concerns being voiced about the viability of the spaceport project. In January 2022, HES withdrew the objection, stating "We recognise the benefits that this development will bring to the community in Unst".

Proposed operators and licencing
In January 2023, German company Rocket Factory Augsburg signed a multi-year launch agreement which would give exclusive access to the northernmost launch pad of the spaceport, Launch Pad Fredo, with testing of the RFA One core stage beginning in mid-2023 and a first launch scheduled as early as late 2023. 

In May 2023, spaceport CEO Frank Strang announced a new $137million debt financing package during a UK Parliamentary Science and Technology Committee hearing. The source of the funding was not revealed.

On 28 July 2023, the Civil Aviation Authority granted HyImpulse permission to launch its SR75 suborbital sounding rocket for the first time from SaxaVord between 1 December 2023 and 30 November 2024. HyImpulse subsequently moved the maiden flight of the SR75 to Koonibba Test Range in South Australia, citing delays to infrastructure at SaxaVord. The Civil Aviation Authority announced on 17 December 2023 that SaxaVord had nevertheless been granted a spaceport licence "to host up to 30 launches a year", making it "the first fully licenced vertical spaceport in Western Europe."

In April 2024, the spaceport was granted a range licence by the Civil Aviation Authority, allowing them to control the sea and airspace to the north of the site around orbital launch trajectories. In May 2024 Rocket Factory Augsburg's orbit-capable RFA One conducted an engine hotfire test at the spaceport site.

On 19 August 2024, a static fire test of the RFA One first stage with all nine engines was conducted, on the stage that was slated to fly on the maiden flight of RFA One.  The test experienced an anomaly that resulted in a fire, subsequent explosion, loss of the stage, and major damage to the launch mount.

In October 2024, UK rocket manufacturer Orbex announced their intention to mothball their proposed Sutherland spaceport on the Scottish mainland near Tongue and relocate planned launches to SaxaVord (citing its more advanced state of development).

On 16 January 2025, the CAA granted a launch licence for the RFA One rocket to reach orbit, the first of its kind in the UK and Europe. This licence is limited to 10 launches per year as well as no more than two in any given month, and must give 60 days' notice for range safety purposes.

In popular culture
The site is adjacent to the Saxa Vord distillery, which released spaceport-themed products in response.

Notes

See also 

 Esrange Space Center in northern Sweden
 Sutherland spaceport
 Space industry of Scotland

References

External links 
 

Shetland
Unst
Spaceports in Europe
Space programme of the United Kingdom