omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Supercritical hydrolysis. Supercritical hydrolysis is a chemical engineering process in which water in the supercritical state can be employed to achieve a variety of reactions within seconds. To cope with the extremely short times of reaction on an industrial scale, the process should be continuous. This continuity enables the ratio of the amount of water to the other reactants to be less than unity which minimizes the energy needed to heat the water above , the  critical temperature. Application of the process to biomass provides simple sugars in near quantitative yield by supercritical hydrolysis of the constituent polysaccharides. The phenolic polymer components of the biomass, usually exemplified by lignins, are converted into a water-insoluble liquid mixture of low molecular phenols (monomerization).

A private company, Renmatix, based in King of Prussia, PA, has developed a supercritical hydrolysis technology to convert a range of non-food biomass feedstocks into cellulosic sugars for application in biochemicals and biofuels. It has a demonstration facility in Georgia, currently capable of processing three dry tons of hardwood biomass into cellulosic sugar daily. In Australia, a government-sponsored entity called Licella, is similarly transforming sawdust. Both processes require high ratios of water to the amount of feedstock. This energy profligacy can be avoided by the use of a plastic-type extruder through which the solid, but wet, biomass is conveyed to a small inductively heated reaction zone as shown by Xtrudx Technologies Inc of Seattle.

Supercritical hydrolysis can be considered a broadly applicable green chemistry process that utilizes water simultaneously as a heat transfer agent, a solvent, a reactant, a source of hydrogen and as a char-reduction component.

References

Ethanol Producers Magazine 2012, 18(3), 70-72
US Patent 7,955,508 June 11, 2011
US Patent 8,057,666 November 15, 2011
US Patent 8.890,143 March 17, 2015

Environmental chemistry
Green chemistry
Pecoraite. Pecoraite is a nickel silicate mineral and a member of the serpentine group. It was named after geologist William Thomas Pecora. It is monoclinic and has a chemical composition of . It is associated with the weathering-and-or oxidation of meteorites or nickel sulfide minerals such as millerite. It is also found in altered ultramafic rocks. Pecoraite is typically a green, lime green, or bluegreen mineral with a waxy, or earthy luster and a mohs hardness of 2.5. Common textural habits associated with pecoraite are curved plates, spirals and tubes. It can also be granular and massive.

See also

References 

Nickel minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Serpentine group
BRM class. The BRM class is a diesel electric locomotive designed and built in-house by Southern Shorthaul Railroad in Australia. It is a copy of the VL class built by Avteq for Chicago Freight Car Leasing Australia. Features include Wabtec Fastbrake and QES3 traction control.

References

External links
BRM class Consolidated Rail Leasing
BRM class Vicsig

Diesel–electric locomotives of Australia
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2012
Standard gauge locomotives of Australia
Chaitan Khosla. Chaitan Khosla is an Indian-born American biochemist who is the Wells H. Rauser and Harold M. Petiprin Professor of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry at Stanford University. He earned his B.Tech. in chemical engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1985 and his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1990 with Jay Bailey working on the expression of the Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin gene. He did his postdoctoral work at the John Innes Centre with David Hopwood.  He has been a professor at Stanford since 1992 and was the chair of the program. His research is focused on two realms, the first are to build a molecular understanding of polyketide synthases and the second is focused on the biochemistry of celiac disease particularly involving tissue transglutaminase. His group play a large role in identifying the role of the α2-gliadin fragment in immune responses.

His early research on natural product polyketides led to the founding of Kosan Biosciences in 1995. His work on celiac sprue has resulted in the founding of Alvine Pharmaceuticals and the start of the non-profit, Celiac Sprue Research Foundation. He also serves as an advisor to LS9, Inc and Joule Unlimited. He has won numerous awards including the Alan T. Waterman Award (1999), the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry (1999), the ACS Award in pure chemistry (2000), and the Jay Bailey Award (2011). 

He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2009 for engineering molecular assembly lines, developing metabolic engineering technologies, and advancing biopharmaceutical discovery. He is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a recipient of a Distinguished Alumnus Award from Caltech.

References

External links 
Stanford Bio
Khosla Lab website
Chaitan Khosla Seminars: "An Introduction to Polyketide Assembly Lines"

Living people
American biochemists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Stanford University School of Engineering faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
California Institute of Technology alumni
IIT Bombay alumni
Indian chemical engineers
IT infrastructure deployment. IT infrastructure deployment typically involves defining the sequence of operations or steps, often referred to as a deployment plan, that must be carried to deliver changes into a target system environment. The individual operations within a deployment plan can be executed manually or automatically.  Deployment plans are usually well defined and approved prior to the deployment date. In situations where there is a high potential risk of failure in the target system environment, deployment plans may rehearsed to ensure there are no issues during actual deployment. Structured repeatable deployments are also prime candidates for automation which drives quality and efficiency.

Deployment planning objectives
The objective of Deployment Planning is to ensure that changes deployed into a target system environment are executed in a structure and repeatable manner in order to reduce the risk of failure. The purpose of release and deployment planning is to:
 Define and agree release and deployment plans with customers/stakeholders.
 Ensure that each release package consists of a set of related assets and service components that are compatible with each other.
 Ensure that integrity of a release package and its constituent components is maintained throughout the transition activities and recorded accurately in the configuration management system.
 Ensure that all release and deployment packages can be tracked, installed, tested, verified, and/or uninstalled or backed out, if appropriate.
 Ensure that change is managed during the release and deployment activities.
 Record and manage deviations, risks, issues related to the new or changed service, and take necessary corrective action.
 Ensure that there is knowledge transfer to enable the customers and users to optimise their use of the service to support their business activities.
 Ensure that skills and knowledge are transferred to operations and support staff to enable them to effectively and efficiently deliver, support and maintain the service, according to required warranties and service levels

Deployment plan template 
A deployment template is an unbound deployment plan which defines the steps of execution but not the profiles and systems. Deployment templates are patterns from which deployment plans can be created.

Typical information captured for each step in the deployment plan is:
 Sequence Number
 Activity Name
 Activity Description
 Scripted Instruction
 Start Date & Time
 Expected Duration
 Dependent Activities
 Responsible Resource

See also
Release management
Change management
Configuration management
ITIL
Software deployment

References

General
Shahid, Malik. (2012). IT Infrastructure Deployment Project Plan Template and Dashboard,

External links
Deployment Plan Inputs and Outputs

Change management
Project management by type
IT infrastructure
INS Gaj (2002). INS Gaj is an offshore tugboat built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited, Visakhapatnam for the Indian Navy. It operated under the navy's Eastern Naval Command.

Description
Gaj is powered by twin Wartsila diesel engines having a power of 1421 hp (1,060 kW). The propulsion is provided by two Volth Schneider propellers which allows for a 360 degree turn on the spot. The rated bollard pull is 25 tonnes. The ship can achieve a speed in excess of 12 knots with an endurance of ten days. It is fitted with a six-tonne hydraulic deck crane and fire fighting equipment, and is also fitted with diving and salvage equipment. It has a complement of 22 sailors.

Commissioning 
It was commissioned on 10 October 2002 in Eastern Naval Command (ENC) by the Commander-in-Chief, Vice-Admiral Raman Puri. The ship has been named after the previous Gaj class tugboat INS Gaj (with the pennant number A-51) built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Kolkata commissioned in September 1973.

Gallery

See also
Tugboats of the Indian Navy

References

External links
Maritime Connector 

Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Tugs of the Indian Navy
Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane. Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane, also known as FDTS, is a colorless liquid chemical with molecular formula C10H4Cl3F17Si. FDTS molecules form self-assembled monolayers. They form covalent silicon–oxygen bonds to free hydroxyl (–OH) groups, such as the surfaces of glass, ceramics, or silica.

Due to its heavily fluorinated tail group, a FDTS monolayer reduces surface energy. Deposition of a FDTS monolayer is achieved by a relatively simple process, also known as molecular vapor deposition (MVD) It usually deposits from a vapor phase, at room to near-to-room temperatures (50 °C) and is thus compatible with most substrates. The process is usually carried out in a vacuum chamber and assisted by the presence of water vapor. Treated surfaces have water repellent and friction reducing properties.

For this reason, a FDTS monolayer is often applied to movable microparts of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A FDTS monolayer reduces surface energy and prevents sticking, so they are used to coat micro- and nano-features on stamps for a nanoimprint lithography which is becoming a method of choice for making electronics, organic photodiodes, microfluidics and other.

Reduced surface energy is helpful for reduction of ejection force and demolding of polymer parts in an injection molding and FDTS coating was applied onto some metallic injection molding molds and inserts.

References
 Srinivasan, U.; Houston, M.R.; Howe, R.T.; Maboudian, R.; , "Alkyltrichlorosilane-based self-assembled monolayer films for stiction reduction in silicon micromachines," Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of , vol.7, no.2, pp. 252–260, Jun 1998. doi: 10.1109/84.679393
 Ruben B. A. Sharpe, Dirk Burdinski, Jurriaan Huskens, Harold J. W. Zandvliet, David N. Reinhoudt, and Bene Poelsema, Chemically Patterned Flat Stamps for Microcontact Printing, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005 127 (29), 10344-10349.
 Ashurst, W. R., Carraro, C., and Maboudian, R., “Vapor Phase Anti-Stiction Coatings for MEMS,” IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 173–178, 2003. doi: 10.1109/TDMR.2003.821540

Organofluorides
Thin films
Organosilicon compounds
Knud V. Engelhardt. Knud Valdemar Engelhardt (11 February 1882 – 15 April 1931) was Denmark's first industrial designer. Influenced by the architect Thorvald Bindesbøll, Engelhardt understood that successful production depended on both an industrial and a graphical approach. The font he developed for Gentofte's road signs is sensitive and personal but also eminently readable. From 1908 to 1910, he designed electric trams for Copenhagen with intricate detail. The vehicles were functional and cleanable in all weathers, and were well manufactured.

Although Engelhardt was an architect, he also exerted a considerable influence on the development of Danish billboards. His printed posters always conveyed clear messages, enhanced by the accompanying text.

Early life
After matriculating from the Technical School, Engelhardt spent three semesters at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts until 1911 when he decided to transfer to the Decorating School where he was instructed by Joakim Skovgaard, graduating in 1915. He had already opened his own studio in 1909.

Career

As early as 1907, Engelhardt published his contribution on the kilometer stone which was to replace the milestone, suggesting the use of curbstones which were being replaced by paving flags. The smooth side could be engraved with red-painted Roman figures, marking each kilometer. While still at the Academy, he designed new tramcars for  Copenhagen Tramways (Københavns Sporvogne), replacing the usual rectangular profiles with rounded contours both inside and out so as to provide a more human look for passengers.

Recognized for his typographical talents, in 1923, Engelhardt was invited to design street signs for the Copenhagen suburb of Gentofte. Inspired to some extent by the lettering designed by Thorvald Bindesbøll and Anton Rosen, he proposed a more simplified style with increased spacing between the letters. The breadth of the letters varied considerably, M and W being much wider than O, for example. His work was so successful that his lettering can still be seen on Gentofte's signs today. They can be clearly identified as Engelhardt's as, in lieu of a signature, he replaced the dot on the J (present on most signs as vej means road) with a little heart.

Also in 1923, he designed billboards for Gentofte. He soon became recognized for his fine lettering in a wide variety of forms and applications, including printing and logos. He practiced in many other fields including architecture (with a house innovatively designed at Højen near Skagen), oven manufacture (for H. Rasmussen, Odense), and the development of functional lines for Bindesbøll.

Assessment and awards
More than anyone else, Engelhardt paved the way for a Danish approach to design and industrial production. He was awarded the Eckersberg Medal in 1927.

References

Danish architects
Danish designers
1882 births
1931 deaths
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
People from Copenhagen
Recipients of the Eckersberg Medal
Fenceline community. A fenceline community or frontline community is a neighborhood that is immediately adjacent to a company, military base, industrial or service center and is directly affected by the noise, odors, chemical emissions, traffic, parking, or operations of the company. These communities are exposed to hazardous chemicals, high pollution levels, and environmental degradation along with the threat of chemical explosions.

Many fenceline communities are situated in sacrifice zones that are disproportionately inhabited by people of color, Indigenous communities, and the working poor.

Background 
As a result of exposure to hazardous materials and emissions, fenceline communities experience higher rates and risk of cancer and respiratory challenges. Fenceline communities also face additional health and socioeconomic issues such as poor housing infrastructure, lack of access to nutritious and non-toxic food, and higher rates of diseases, along with the increase stress and challenges that result from unemployment, poverty, crime, and racism. Climate change-induced extreme weather events and natural disasters place fenceline communities at risk of a high level of exposure to toxic emissions from facility explosions and chemical leaks.

Fenceline communities "fear that it may jeopardize jobs and economic survival" to organize to reduce their exposure to hazardous waste." Additionally, residents in fenceline communities are often unable to relocate. This is because the large industries adjacent to residential communities often produce effects that dramatically lower the property value of these homes. Therefore, residents are unable to sell their homes for a value that would be high enough for them to purchase property elsewhere.

An example of a fenceline community is the African American Diamond community in Norco, Louisiana. This community lived on the fenceline of a Shell plant.

Solutions 
Examples of actions that can minimize the negative impact a nearby company has on a fenceline community include, greater education and information sharing between companies and communities, improved safety regulations, health-impact assessments, and increased monitoring, reporting, and reduction of toxic emissions. Communities also organize against adjacent company's and advocate for their standard of living. However, fenceline communities can face barriers in doing so as they often "do not have the social or financial resources to mitigate their exposures."

See also
 Cancer Alley
 Environmental dumping
 Environmental justice
 Environmental racism
 Environmental racism in the United States
 Line source
 Locally unwanted land use
 Low-emission zone
 
 
 NIMBY
 Sacrifice zone

References

External links 
 
 Voices from the Fenceline

Community organizations
 Moving Forward Network
 Climate Justice Alliance
 NDRC
 Women's Voices for the Earth

Economic geography
Environmental justice
Environmental racism
Gaj-class tugboat. The Gaj class offshore tugboats are a series of two auxiliary watercraft built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd., Kolkata, for the Indian Navy. The vessels in the class are Indian Navy's biggest tugboats and can be used for towing aircraft carriers.

Description
Each vessel in the class has a 40-ton bollard pull and are powered by twin Garden Reach G7V diesel engines coupled to two propellers with a total output of 3920 bhp. They have four foam monitors installed for firefighting operations. The vessels have a speed of 15 knots and are also fitted with diving and salvage equipment. They carry an RCC (recompression chamber) and can render limited submarine rescue services.

Ships in the class

See also
 Tugboats of the Indian Navy

References

Ships of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Tugs of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary tugboat classes
Aeris Naviter AN-2 Enara. The Aeris Naviter AN-2 Enara (Basque for 'Swallow') is a Spanish helicopter that was under development by Aeris Naviter of San Sebastián. The AN-2 was first shown at the 2009 Paris Air Show at Paris–Le Bourget Airport. The aircraft was intended to be supplied as a kit for amateur construction or as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The AN-2 was intended to have certification completed in the European Aviation Safety Agency Very Light Rotorcraft category by May 2010, and then again by the end of 2012 but, by January 2013, this does not seem to have been completed. Kits were intended to be ready for delivery in February 2010, but were not yet available as of January 2013. By late in 2011 there was no indication that the prototype had been flown.

By 2012 the company website was redirected to Cicare Europe and all mention of the AN-2 had been removed. It is likely development had ended by that point.

Design and development
The AN-2 Enara features a two-rotor coaxial main rotor, a two-seats-in tandem enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear with suspension, an H-tail and a four-cylinder, four-stroke,  BMW automotive engine. Plans for other powerplants include the four cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Lycoming IO-233 light-sport aircraft engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from aluminium sheet. Its  diameter two-bladed rotors both have chords of . The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

Specifications (AN-2 Enara)

References

External links
Official website archives on Archive.org
Photo of the AN-2 Enara on Airliners.net

2000s Spanish sport aircraft
2000s Spanish helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston helicopters
Maria Zaharescu. Maria-Magdalena Zaharescu (born 1938) is a Romanian chemist, specializing in the physical chemistry of oxide systems.

Zaharescu was a Senior Researcher and Head of Department at the Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest. In 2001, she was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and became a full member in June 2015. On December 1, 2017, she was awarded a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania.

She was one of the 100 women scientists featured in "Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles"   by Lynnette Madsen (2016).

Scientific Interests 

Her scientific interests include:

 Physical chemistry of oxide systems (reactions mechanisms, thermal phase equilibria, structure-properties correlations).
 Sol-gel science (sol-gel chemistry, nanostructured oxide films and powders, inorganic-organic hybrids, nanocomposites, oxide nanotubes). She introduced and developed the field of sol-gel research in Romania.
 Vitreous oxide systems with special properties (thermally and chemically stable)

Education 
She graduated from the Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry, and received her PhD from the Institute of Chemistry, both in Cluj-Napoca.

Scientific Activity 
 More than 350 scientific papers from which over 250 published in internationally recognized ISI journals, including Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology; Journal of the European Ceramic Society; Journal of the American Ceramic Society; Journal of Materials Chemistry; Journal of Materials Science; Journal of Materials Research; Materials Chemistry and Physics; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids; Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry; Applied Surface Science; Journal of Nanoparticle Research; Ceramics International; Thin Solid Films; Revue Roumaine de Chimie, etc. as well as 3 patents and 8 book chapters edited by the Romanian Academy and international publishers.
In 2016, Zaharescu published 1D Oxide Nanostructures Obtained by Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Methods, as part of the SpringerBriefs series offered by the Springer Publishing Company.
 International research projects in collaboration with Davis University, USA (funded by NST-USA), National Technical University of Athens,  Greece (funded by NATO) and universities from Czech Republic, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia
 Member of the International Society of Sol-Gel Science
 Member of the American Ceramic Society – Basic Research Division
 Member of the American Nano Society
 Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology.

Awards 
1971 - Gheorghe Spacu Award, Romanian Academy
1982 - Scientific Merit Medal, Romania
1983 - Scientific Order Third Degree, Romania
2007 - Honor Award and Gheorghe Spacu Medal, Romanian Society of Chemistry
2017 - Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania

Notes 

1938 births
Living people
Scientists from Cluj-Napoca
Romanian chemists
Romanian women chemists
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Knights of the Order of the Star of Romania
Babeș-Bolyai University alumni
General Kinetics Engineering Corporation. Canada's General Kinetics Engineering Corporation designs and manufactures components for military and other tracked vehicles and high-speed rail.

Based in Brampton, Ontario, Scott Griffin is its chairman, director and majority shareholder.

In 2013, they were awarded a $16.76 million subcontract, manufacturing vehicle struts for an upgrade to the Canadian Armed Forces' fleet of light armoured vehicles.

References

External links
 

Companies based in Brampton