omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
The Old Maskinsnedkeri. The Old Maskinsnedkeri () is a historic industrial building in Hadsund, Denmark. Maskinsnedkeri was built in 1920. The building is built of yellow brick and is the first sign of industry in Hadsund. It was one of the first companies in the city to have electric-powered machines, which ran on direct current.

The ground floor had the big machines, the top was the workshop with work benches and hand tools. The building is an example of contemporary technical innovations related to electricity. Since it was the city's first machine shop and was the fourth in the city to have a phone, which is seen on the gable, which is advertised for it. The gable is the most photographed gable, in Hadsund. The buildings are the last vidensbyrd about the industry that was located inside the city.

The building i located parallel and oriented north–south. It is strategically located by the railroad, so they lay near the railway station Hadsund North Station and the harbor. The Old Maskinsnedkeri and Hadsund Antique form a wall facing the railroad, with the buildings together creating a course along the track.

Demolition
In January 2013, it emerged that Mariagerfjord municipality planned to demolish the building, along with Hadsund Antique and a disused slaughterhouse owned by Danish Crown AmbA which closed on 1 November 2012. The Old Maskinsnedkeri and Hadsund Antique will be replaced by a large parking lot with the possibility of a gas station.

Hadsund's citizens are reportedly unhappy that the building will be demolished. Melanie Simick, a member of the Socialist People's Party, believes that the main building should be preserved and requires action of the City Council. Simick declared that the building is "incredibly beautiful" and part of "Hadsund's soul".

References

Hadsund
Commercial buildings completed in 1920
Buildings and structures in Mariagerfjord Municipality
Motovario. Motovario S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturing company of power transmission components for civil and industrial applications.

History
Motovario® was founded in 1965 by Giancarlo Raguzzoni in Formigine in the heart of Modena industrial district. Motovario specializes in the production of mechanical speed variators, helical and helical bevel gear reducers, shaft mounted, worm gear reducers, electric motors and motoinverters.

Milestones

In 1996 the first subsidiary, Motovario Scandinavia S/A was opened in Denmark.

In 1997 the second branch was opened in the U.S., Motovario Corporation in Alpharetta, Georgia.

In 1998 Motovario S.p.A. acquired Spaggiari Transmissioni®, a leading Italian company in the mechanical sector. The third subsidiary was opened, Motovario Limited in Birmingham, United Kingdom.

In 1999 Motovario GmbH was founded in Germany.

In 2001 the Spanish and French branches opened respectively in Barcelona and Lyon.

In 2006 Motovario Power Transmission was established in Shanghai, China.

In 2006 Motovario was taken over by the Italian investment fund Synergo SGR to manage the company's development and support its growth worldwide.

In 2011 the most recent subsidiary was founded in Kolkata, India: MOTOVARIO Gear Solutions Private Limited.

In late 2015, Motovario S.p.A. was acquired by TECO Electric & Machinery Co for 186 million euros.

Figures

The main production work is carried out in the establishments of Formigine and Ubersetto, with over 530,000 square feet of facilities and a staff of about 400.

There are 170 numerical control machines, served by LGV (Laser Guided Vehicle) lines and a whole division is dedicated to the thermal treatment that works 24 hours, 7 days a week.

An entire department is dedicated to research and development, with a test laboratory and a semi-anechoic cell specific for NVH (Noise Vibration Harshness) tests.

More than 200 employees work in branches all over the world.

Over 30 MAC, Motovario Assembly Centres, specialized assembly centers, authorized and certificated by Motovario, operate in many countries: Italy, Australia, Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, South Korea, Finland, France, India, Ireland, Israel, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain, United States, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine.

References

External links
 Official site

Engineering companies of Italy
Companies based in the Province of Modena
Italian brands
Industrial machine manufacturers
Italian companies established in 1965
Multinational companies headquartered in Italy
Take Off Merlin. The Take Off Merlin is a German ultralight trike, designed and produced by Take Off GmbH of Hamm. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Merlin was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit with a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear with wheel pants and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from welded stainless steel tubing, with its double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The powerplants are various BMW motorcycle engines that vary by model.

A number of different wings can be fitted to the basic carriage, including the Drachen Studio Avent and Air Creation iXess .

Variants
Merlin 100
Initial version introduced in 1994
Merlin 1100
Model introduced in 1998 and powered by a four-stroke,  BMW 1100 RS engine.  The 1100 has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .
Merlin 1200
Model introduced in 2006 and powered by a four-stroke,  BMW 1200 GS engine. The 1200 has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

Specifications (Merlin 1200)

References

External links

1990s German sport aircraft
1990s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1994
Hoopes process. The Hoopes process is a metallurgical process, used to obtain aluminium metal of very high purity (about 99.99% pure). The process was patented by William Hoopes, a chemist of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA), in 1925.

Introduction
It is a method used to obtain aluminium of very high purity. The metal obtained in the Hall–Héroult process is about 99.5% pure, and for most purposes it is taken as pure metal.
However, further purification of aluminium can be carried out by the Hoopes process. This is an electrolytic process.

The process
The cell used in this process consists of an iron tank lined with carbon at the bottom.
A molten alloy of copper, crude aluminium and silicon is used as the anode. It forms the lowermost layer in the cell.
The middle layer consists of molten mixture of fluorides of sodium, aluminium and barium (cryolite + BaF2).
The uppermost layer consists of molten aluminium.
A set of graphite rods dipped in molten aluminium serve as the cathode.
During electrolysis, Al3+ ions from the middle layer migrate to the upper layer, where they are reduced to aluminum by gaining 3 electrons.
Equal numbers of Al3+ ions are produced in the lower layer. These ions migrate to the middle layer. Pure aluminium is tapped off from time to time. The Hoopes process gives about 99.99% pure aluminium.

References

Further reading

Aluminium
Metallurgical processes
Hydrologic Research Center (US). Hydrologic Research Center (HRC.), founded in 1993, is a public-benefit non-profit research, technology transfer, and science cooperation and education organization, dedicated to the development of effective and sustainable solutions to global water issues. HRC's purpose is to provide a conduit for academic and other up-to-date research to be made suitable for effective application to field operational problems that involve water management and flood disaster mitigation.
The vision of HRC is to assist in limiting societal vulnerability and preserving resiliency in basic human needs, livelihoods, agriculture, water resources, healthy ecosystems, and natural resources. Around the world flash flooding and flooding are the most common natural disasters and the leading cause of natural disaster fatalities worldwide – 40% of all natural disasters.

HRC partners with local governments in over 70 countries and other trusted nongovernmental organizations to promote sustainable programs that include education in flash floods, management of water resources, and the development of Flash Flood Guidance Systems to provide vital early warning of flash floods.

Research Journal 

 Journal of Hydrology , Elsevier
 Hydrology Research ISSN Print: 0029-1277, IWA Publishing
 Journal of the American Water Resources Association Online , John Wiley & Sons, Inc

See also 
 Flash flood
 Hydrology
 Flash Flood Guidance Systems
 Meteorology
 Flash flood watch
 Flash flood warning

References

External links 
 Hydrologic Research Center

Flood control in the United States
Water organizations
Hydrology organizations
Environmental organizations based in California
Environmental research institutes
International environmental organizations
Scientific organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in San Diego
International water associations
Turning vanes (HVAC). HVAC turning vanes are sheet metal devices inside of mechanical ductwork used to smoothly direct air inside a duct where there is a change in direction, by reducing resistance and turbulence.

See also
Duct (HVAC)
Pressurisation ductwork

External links

Building Engineer Word Press Treatise
Turning Vane and Rail Construction Patent #US 3381713 A

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
White WW-1 Der Jäger D.IX. The White WW-1 Der Jäger D.IX also called the Stolp-White WW-1 Der Jäger D.IX/69 is an American homebuilt biplane.

Design and development
The WW-1 Der Jäger D.IX is a single seated, single engine, biplane with conventional landing gear. It is based on the Stolp SA-500 Starlet design. The fuselage is welded steel tubing and wings use spruce wood spars with aircraft fabric covering used throughout. The wings are covered using a scalloped trailing edge pattern.

Operational history
Kermit Weeks built a Der Jäger D.IX as his first homebuilt aircraft. His aircraft is on display at the Fantasy of Flight museum in Florida.

Specifications (White WW-1 Der Jäger D.IX)

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
Turpinite. Turpinite, also called Turpenite, is a fictional war gas allegedly developed by the French chemist Eugène Turpin and deployed against the attacking German army during the first months of World War I.

According to contemporary accounts, Turpinite, delivered by artillery shells, silently and suddenly killed any person within  of impact with its fumes. Survivors of Turpinite barrages reported a strong chemical smell after an attack. In reality, this smell was a side effect of the explosives used by the French and British militaries during the war. The widespread, sudden deaths caused by artillery were in many cases caused by concussion, which leaves no mark on the victim.

After the war, German scientist Fritz Haber, who pioneered German gas attacks at the Second Battle of Ypres, said German soldiers had reported a strong chemical smell attributed to turpenite. Haber and others investigated, finding the smell was due to incomplete combustion of the picric acid used in British artillery shells. The belief that the French used chemical weapons in 1914 may have contributed to later German use of such weapons.

Bibliography 
 Max Hastings, Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes to War. London, Knopf Press, Release Date 24 September 2013, , 640 pp.

References

World War I chemical weapons
Fictional weapons
Martin Lowson. Professor Martin Lowson (5 January 1938 – 14 June 2013) was an aeronautical engineer.  He held a number of senior academic appointments in UK and US universities, was a co-patentee of the BERP helicopter rotor system, and also made a significant contribution to the development of personal rapid transport systems.

Biography

Martin Vincent Lowson  was born in Totteridge, Hertfordshire, on 5 January 1938.

He attended The King's School in Worcester, after which he became an apprentice with Vickers-Armstrong.  Lowson gained a PhD in 1963, after which he spent a year in the Institute of Sound & Vibration Research, where he worked on aero-acoustics. In this year he produced a number of important papers on noise generation which are still regarded as fundamental in the field . 

Lowson married Ann Pennicutt in 1961.  They had two children, Sarah and Jonathan.  Lowson's interests included squash and bluegrass music.

Lowson died of a stroke on 14 June 2013, at the age of 75.

Honours and awards

 Royal Aeronautical Society Award for contributions to world’s first man powered flight 1961
 Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America 1969
 Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering 1991
 Busk Prize of Royal Aeronautical Society for best paper in Aerodynamics 1992.
 Queens Award for Technology received by Westland Team for BERP blade 1994
 Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1995
 British Wind Energy Association Award for Research 1997
 Altran Prize for Innovations to improve urban quality of life 2001
 Fellow, Chartered Institute of Transport 2003
 Viva Award for Transport Innovation from Worshipful Company of Carmen 2010
Sources:

References

English aerospace engineers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Academics of Loughborough University
Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of the University of Southampton
People from Totteridge
People educated at King's School, Worcester
1938 births
2013 deaths
Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America
Job (computing). In computing, a job is a unit of work or unit of execution (that performs said work). A component of a job (as a unit of work) is called a task or a step (if sequential, as in a job stream). As a unit of execution, a job may be concretely identified with a single process, which may in turn have subprocesses (child processes; the process corresponding to the job being the parent process) which perform the tasks or steps that comprise the work of the job; or with a process group; or with an abstract reference to a process or process group, as in Unix job control.

Jobs can be started interactively, such as from a command line, or scheduled for non-interactive execution by a job scheduler, and then controlled via automatic or manual job control. Jobs that have finite input can complete, successfully or unsuccessfully, or fail to complete and eventually be terminated. By contrast, online processing such as by servers has open-ended input (they service requests as long as they run), and thus never complete, only stopping when terminated (sometimes called "canceled"): a server's job is never done.

History

The term "job" has a traditional meaning as "piece of work", from Middle English "jobbe of work", and is used as such in manufacturing, in the phrase "job production", meaning "custom production", where it is contrasted with batch production (many items at once, one step at a time) and flow production (many items at once, all steps at the same time, by item). Note that these distinctions have become blurred in computing, where the oxymoronic term "batch job" is found, and used either for a one-off job or for a round of "batch processing" (same processing step applied to many items at once, originally punch cards).

In this sense of "job", a programmable computer performs "jobs", as each one can be different from the last. The term "job" is also common in operations research, predating its use in computing, in such uses as job shop scheduling (see, for example  and references thereof from throughout the 1950s, including several "System Research Department Reports" from IBM Research Center). This analogy is applied to computer systems, where the system resources are analogous to machines in a job shop, and the goal of scheduling is to minimize the total time from beginning to end (makespan). The term "job" for computing work dates to the mid 1950s, as in this use from 1955:

The term continued in occasional use, such as for the IBM 709 (1958), and in wider use by early 1960s, such as for the IBM 7090, with widespread use from the Job Control Language of OS/360 (announced 1964). A standard early use of "job" is for compiling a program from source code, as this is a one-off task. The compiled program can then be run on batches of data.

See also
 Job queue
 Job scheduler
 Remote job entry

Further reading

References

Computing terminology
Job scheduling
Human Media Lab. The Human Media Lab (HML) is a research laboratory in Human-Computer Interaction at Queen's University's School of Computing in Kingston, Ontario. Its goals are to advance user interface design by creating and empirically evaluating disruptive new user interface technologies, and educate graduate students in this process. The Human Media Lab was founded in 2000 by Prof. Roel Vertegaal and employs an average of 12 graduate students.

The laboratory is known for its pioneering work on flexible display interaction and paper computers, with systems such as PaperWindows (2004), PaperPhone (2010) and PaperTab (2012). HML is also known for its invention of ubiquitous eye input, such as Samsung's Smart Pause and Smart Scroll technologies.

Research
In 2003, researchers at the Human Media Lab helped shape the paradigm Attentive User Interfaces, demonstrating how groups of computers could use human social cues for considerate notification. Amongst HML's early inventions was the eye contact sensor, first demonstrated to the public on ABC Good Morning America. Attentive User Interfaces developed at the time included an early iPhone prototype that used eye tracking electronic glasses to determine whether users were in a conversation, an attentive television that play/paused contents upon looking away, mobile Smart Pause and Smart Scroll (adopted in Samsung's Galaxy S4) as well as a technique for calibration-free eye tracking by placing invisible infrared markers in the scene.

Current research at the Human Media Lab focuses on the development of Organic User Interfaces: user interfaces with a non-flat display. In 2004, researchers at the HML built the first bendable paper computer, PaperWindows, which premiered at CHI 2005. It featured multiple flexible, hires, colour, wireless, thin-film multitouch displays through real-time depth-cam 3D Spatial Augmented Reality. In May 2007 HML coined the term Organic User Interfaces. Early Organic User Interfaces developed at HML included the first multitouch spherical display, and Dynacan, an interactive pop can: early examples of everyday computational things with interactive digital skins. 

In 2010, the Human Media Lab, with Arizona State University, developed the world's first functional flexible smartphone, PaperPhone. It pioneered bend interactions and was first shown to the public at ACM CHI 2011 in Vancouver. In 2012, the Human Media Lab introduced the world's first pseudo-holographic, live size 3D video conferencing system, TeleHuman. 

In 2013, HML researchers unveiled PaperTab, the world's first flexible tablet PC, at CES 2013 in Las Vegas, in collaboration with Plastic Logic and Intel.

Location and Facilities
The Human Media Lab is located in Jackson Hall on Queen's University campus in Kingston, Ontario. The facilities were designed by Karim Rashid.

External links
 Human Media Lab website

References

Queen's University at Kingston
Human–computer interaction
Flexible displays
Robotics Toolbox for MATLAB. The Robotics Toolbox is MATLAB toolbox software that supports research and teaching into arm-type and mobile robotics. While the Robotics Toolbox is free software, it requires the proprietary MATLAB environment in order to execute. The Toolbox forms the basis of the exercises in several textbooks.

Purpose 
The Toolbox provides functions for manipulating and converting between datatypes such as vectors, homogeneous transformations, roll-pitch-yaw and Euler angles, axis-angle representation, unit-quaternions, and twists, which are necessary to represent 3-dimensional position and orientation. It also plots coordinate frames, supports Plücker coordinates to represent lines, and provides support for Lie group operations such as logarithm, exponentiation, and conversions to and from skew-symmetric matrix form.

As the basis of the exercises in several textbooks, the Toolbox is useful for the study and simulation of:

 classical arm-type robotics: kinematics, dynamics, and trajectory generation. The Toolbox uses a very general method of representing the kinematics and dynamics of serial-link manipulators using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters or modified Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. These parameters are encapsulated in MATLAB objects. Robot objects can be created by the user for any serial-link manipulator; a number of examples are provided for well known robots such as the Puma 560 and the Stanford arm amongst others. Operations include forward kinematics, analytic and numerical inverse kinematics, graphical rendering, manipulator Jacobian, inverse dynamics, forward dynamics, and simple path planning. It can operate with symbolic values as well as numeric, and provides a Simulink blockset.
Ground robots and includes: standard path planning algorithms (bug, distance transform, D*, and PRM), lattice planning, kinodynamic planning (RRT), localization (EKF, particle filter), map building (EKF) and simultaneous localization and mapping (using an EKF or graph-based method), and a Simulink model of a non-holonomic vehicle.
 Flying quadrotor robots, and includes a detailed Simulink model.

The Toolbox requires MATLAB, commercial software from MathWorks, in order to operate.

Relationship to other toolboxes

The Robotics System Toolbox for MATLAB is proprietary software published by MathWorks which includes support for robot manipulators and mobile robotics.   Its functionality significantly overlaps that of the Robotics Toolbox for MATLAB but the programming model is quite different.

The Robotics Toolbox for Python is a reimplementation of the Robotics Toolbox for MATLAB for Python 3. Its functionality is a superset of the Robotics Toolbox for MATLAB, the programming model is similar, and it supports additional methods to define a serial link manipulator including URDF and elementary transform sequences.

See also 
Robotics software projects
Robotics simulator

References

External links

 Homepage and downloads
 GitHub home
 Toolbox description on Open Hub

Software using the GNU Lesser General Public License
Robotics simulation software
Rayner Pusher. The Rayner Pusher is a homebuilt version of the Curtiss Pusher.

Design and development
The Rayner Pusher is a single-seat, tricycle landing gear-equipped biplane with a pusher engine layout. The fuselage is welded steel tubing. The wings are fabric covered on top surfaces only. It uses a fuel tank mounted above the top wing.

Specifications

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft