omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Cleaning (disambiguation). Cleaning is the process of removing unwanted substances, such as dirt, infectious agents, and other impurities, from an object or environment.

Cleaning may also refer to:

Digital technology
 Data cleansing or data cleaning, the process of detecting and correcting (or removing) corrupt or inaccurate records from a record set, table, or database
 Data scrubbing, an error correction technique applied to main memory or storage
 Infrared cleaning, a technique used by some film scanners and flatbed scanners to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished scan
 Sanitization (classified information), the removal of sensitive information from a document or other message

Other uses
 Cleaning (forestry), the practice of selecting desirable trees in a young stand and removing trees that threaten their development
 Silviculture cleaning, the release of select saplings from competition by overtopping trees of a comparable age
 Organizing, as in professional organizing

See also
Clean (disambiguation)
Cleanliness
Cleansing (disambiguation)
American Flyers Airline Flight 280/D. American Flyers Airline Flight 280/D was a flight operated on a U.S. Military Air Command contract from Monterey Regional Airport in California to Columbus Airport in Georgia, via Ardmore Municipal Airport, Oklahoma. On April 22, 1966, while approaching Runway 8 at Ardmore, the aircraft overshot the runway and crashed into a hill, bursting into flames. Eighty-three of the 98 passengers and crew on board died as a result of the accident.

Aircraft
The aircraft was a Lockheed L-188 Electra four-engined turboprop airline registered as N183H. It had first flown in January 1961 and was bought by American Flyers Airline in January 1963. It is the same plane that carried the Beatles from city to city in 1964 during their second tour of the U.S.

Investigation
The U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) investigated the accident.

Investigators found no evidence of mechanical failure or defect related to the accident, although the flight data recorder had suffered a mechanical failure unrelated to the accident and may not have been properly checked by the flight engineer before the flight; it had produced no recording for the flight. The airplane did not have (and was not required to have) a cockpit voice recorder.

Some days after the crash, it was learned that the pilot, Reed Pigman, who also happened to be the president of American Flyers, was under care for arteriosclerosis. An autopsy of Pigman determined his cause of death to either be multiple injuries or coronary artery sclerosis.

It was also determined that Reed Pigman had falsified his application for a first-class medical certificate. He had not disclosed that he was diabetic or that he had a history of heart issues dating back almost two decades; either of these would have been disqualifying factors for the certificate.

On March 28, 1967, the CAB published its final report.  The CAB determined that the probable cause for the accident was:

See also 
 List of unrecovered and unusable flight recorders

References

Accidents and incidents involving the Lockheed L-188 Electra
Aviation accidents and incidents in Oklahoma
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot incapacitation
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1966
1966 in Oklahoma
Disasters in Oklahoma
April 1966 in the United States
William Craig Reynolds. William Craig Reynolds (March 16, 1933 – January 3, 2004) was a fluid physicist and mechanical engineer who specialized in turbulent flow and computational fluid dynamics.

Reynolds completed his undergraduate degrees, as well as his doctorate, all at Stanford University, in 1954, 1955, and 1957, respectively, after which he joined the faculty. He was chairman of the Mechanical Engineering Department from 1972 to 1982 and again from 1989 to 1992.

Reynolds was one of the pioneers in Large eddy simulation for fluid modeling. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1979. He won the Fluid Engineering Award of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1989 and the Otto Laporte Award by the American Physical Society in 1992.

Selected publications

References 

1933 births
2004 deaths
Fluid dynamicists
Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering faculty
Scientists from the San Francisco Bay Area
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Gyroscopic stabilizer. A Gyroscopic stabilizer is a control system that reduces tilting movement of a ship or aircraft. It senses orientation using a small gyroscope, and counteracts rotation by adjusting control surfaces or by applying force to a large gyroscope. It can be:
Some active ship stabilizers adjust "active fins" of the ship or apply force to a large gyroscope.
Anti-rolling gyro, or ship stabilizing gyroscope, applies force to a large gyroscope.
Gyroscopic autopilot adjusts control surfaces of the aircraft.

See also 
 Gyrocompass
Skynet 5D. Skynet 5D is a military communications satellite operated by Airbus Defence and Space on behalf of the British Ministry of Defence. It was the last of four Skynet 5 satellites to be launched.

Spacecraft 
The Skynet 5D spacecraft was constructed by Astrium, based on the Eurostar 3000S satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of approximately , and is designed to operate for at least 15 years. Its  solar arrays will generate a minimum of 6 kilowatts to power its UHF and X-band communications systems. The satellite's payload includes jamming countermeasures.

The Ministry of Defence described the satellite as having a "key role in gathering intelligence on operations", as well as communications.

Launch 
Skynet 5D was launched by an Ariane 5ECA carrier rocket flying from ELA-3 at Kourou. The launch occurred at 21:49 UTC on 19 December 2012. Skynet 5D was one of two satellites aboard the rocket, the other being Mexsat Bicentenario, which was located below it; Skynet 5D was mounted atop a Sylda 5 adaptor.

Orbit 
The launch placed Skynet 5D into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which was planned to raise itself into geostationary orbit. The spacecraft was expected to be placed at a longitude of 25 degrees East.

References

Military satellites of the United Kingdom
Spacecraft launched in 2012
Satellites using the Eurostar bus
Spacecraft launched by Ariane rockets
Lake Thomas A Edison. Lake Thomas A Edison (also known as Thomas A. Edison Lake and Edison Lake) is a reservoir in the Sierra National Forest and in Fresno County, California. It is in the Sierra Nevada, and near the Pacific Crest Trail.

The reservoir's waters are impounded by Vermilion Valley Dam (National ID CA00441), which was completed in . The reservoir and dam are part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project.

Hydrology
The reservoir discharges into Mono Creek, a tributary of the South Fork San Joaquin River. However, some of its water is diverted to Huntington Lake by means of the Ward Tunnel.

Vermilion Valley Dam

Vermilion Valley Dam is an earthen dam  long and  high, with  of freeboard.  Southern California Edison owns the dam.

Recreation
Located in Sierra National Forest near the Pacific Crest Trail, Lake Thomas A Edison is the centerpiece of Vermilion Valley Resort and Vermillion Campground, which support boating, camping, fishing, swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and horseback riding.

Access
The lake is three hours away by car from Fresno.  Take State Route 168 east to Huntington Lake, head east on Kaiser Pass Road. The road crosses Kaiser Pass (elevation ) and closes during the winter months.  The United States Forest Service does not recommend it for buses, large motor homes, or vehicles towing trailers.

A ferry crosses the lake twice a day (Inactive in 2021 due to extreme low levels of water - travel service to/from the trailhead can be arranged through Vermillion Valley Resort or hikers may follow a trail along the north side of the lake for trail access), linking Vermilion Valley Resort with the John Muir Wilderness trailhead and providing access to and from the John Muir Trail and Pacific Crest Trail.

Nomenclature
The lake was named after American inventor Thomas Edison to mark the 75th anniversary of his invention of the incandescent light bulb.  The dam was named after the valley it flooded, noted for its reddish soil.

See also
 List of dams and reservoirs in California
 List of lakes in California

References

External links
 Lake Thomas A. Edison (Edison Lake)

Edison, Lake Thomas A.
Edison, Lake Thomas A.
Sierra National Forest
Edison, Lake Thomas A.
Edison
Southern California Edison dams
Colin Robbins (software engineer). Colin Robbins (born 1964) is a network protocol and software engineer credited for research work in distributed directory systems and a co-inventor of LDAP.  Educated at Alleyn's School, he holds a BSc, Computer Science & Electronic Engineering, with first class honours, from University College London.

Robbins developed the Quipu directory part of the ISO Development Environment (ISODE) while a research assistant at UCL working for Peter Kirstein, he became custodian of ISODE from Marshall Rose in 1991.
Quipu was used to prototype DIXIE and DASED, which merged to invent LDAP of which Robbins wrote the String Representation of Standard Attribute Syntaxes  element defined in RFCs 1448 and 1778 published by the IETF.
Robbins wrote part 3 of Steve Kille's book Implementing X.400 and X.500: the PP and QUIPU Systems.

Robbins was the Technical Architect and Vice-Chairman of the Europe-wide Nameflow Paradise directory, the world’s largest distributed deployment of X.500.
He also led the Electronic Messaging Association's (EMA) world directory challenge for which he received the EMA's distinguished service award (1997), and led the European Electronic Messaging Association (EEMA) Security Challenge for which Robbins was awarded EEMA personality of the year (1998).

Robbins is chartered by the Institute of Directors, serving of the Boards of Nexor and the Information Assurance Advisory Council (IAAC), as a sponsor member.
He was co-chair of the Information Assurance Collaboration Group (IACG) 2012-2014.  He is Water Polo coach and vice-chair at Nottingham Leander Swimming Club.

References

External links
 Blog

English computer scientists
Living people
People in information technology
People associated with computer security
Alumni of University College London
People educated at Alleyn's School
1964 births
NDR-Klein-Computer. The NDR Klein Computer, abbreviated NKC, was a do-it-yourself computer project from the early 1980s developed by  (RDK) and Joachim Arendt. In 1984, the computer was featured in the educational television series NDR-Klein-Computer for NDR-Schulfernsehen (NDR School Television). It was also broadcast on the computer television show  on the Bavarian TV network Bayerisches Fernsehen (BFS).

History
The NDR Klein Computer was created by Rolf-Dieter Klein, a computer enthusiast who regularly contributed articles to the German computer magazine mc. His plan was not only to give a basic introduction to the way a computer operates, but also to introduce a modular system through which laymen could learn to complete basic programming exercises, as well as acquire the skills to operate a high-end home computer. Under the direction of Joachim Arendt, they developed a television series that was picked up by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) for its NDR-Schulfernsehen (NDR School Television) channel. The series, titled NDR-Klein-Computer, consisted of twenty-six episodes of fifteen minutes each. Klein hosted the show and wrote articles in mc to supplement the series. He published a book on the same subject, titled: Microcomputer Selbstgebaut und Programmiert (DIY Microcomputer Building and Programming), through Franzis Verlag, which also released the TV series on VHS. The computer's hardware was provided by Graf Elektronik System in Kempten, and sold at an electronics store in Detmold. The company Fischertechnik also produced a robot kit, which was one of the most comprehensive 32-bit programming language applications at the time.

Features
The NKC was built with several different hardware configurations, from a simple 8-bit single-board computer based on a Zilog Z80A processor to a 32-bit system equipped with a Motorola 68020 CPU. The software could be loaded with EPROMs or involve an operating system such as CP/M which could handle executable programs in various programming languages.

A helper card with an Intel 8088 processor allowed the NKC to run MS-DOS. Systems could be customized to handle many different peripherals including PS/2 keyboard, 3½-inch floppy disks, IDE-hard drives and modern storage. Users have developed new cards which replaced the former specialized components. For instance, a system could contain a new graphics card (with VGA connector), one serial port, a sound card,  and a mouse connector. Another system configuration that supports booting via the IDE-interface has been developed for the 68xxx family.

Gallery

Books

See also 
 BBC computer
 WDR computer
 Thomson EF9366

References

External links 
 thtec.org - NKC-Seite mit neuen Schaltplänen und Ideen (NKC-site with new schematics and ideas) 
 computermuseum-mannheim.de/comp_nkc.htm - Fotos und Infos zum NDR Klein Computer (Photos and information on the NDR small computer) 
 retrobu.de - Geschichte zur Serie und zum NKC (History of the series and the NKC) 
 NDR-NKC site by Andreas Rohmann 

Microcomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1984
Holley Medal. The Holley Medal is an award of ASME (the American Society of Mechanical Engineers) for "outstanding and unique act(s) of an engineering nature, accomplishing a noteworthy and timely public benefit by one or more individuals for a single achievement, provided the contributions are equal or comparable." 

The award was established in 1924 in honor of the American mechanical engineer, inventor and charter member of ASME Alexander Lyman Holley (1832-1888).

List of recipients 

Source:

 1924, Hjalmar G. Carlson	
 1928, Elmer Ambrose Sperry
 1930,	Baron Chuza-buro Shiba 	
 1934,	Irving Langmuir	
 1936,	Henry Ford 
 1937,	Frederick Gardner Cottrell	
 1938,	Francis Hodgkinson			
 1939,	Carl Edvard Johansson 		
 1940,	Edwin Howard Armstrong	
 1941,	John Garand
 1942,	Ernest Lawrence		
 1943, Vannevar Bush
 1944, Carl Norden
 1945,	Sanford Alexander Moss
 1946,	Norman Gibson			
 1947,	Raymond D. Johnson			
 1948,	Edwin H. Land	
 1950,	Charles Gordon Curtis			
 1951,	George R. Fink		
 1952,	Sanford Lockwood Cluett		
 1953,	Philip M. McKenna		
 1954,	Walter A. Shewhart		
 1955,	George J. Hood			
 1957,	Charles Stark Draper		
 1959,	Col. Maurice J. Fletcher		
 1961,	Thomas Elmer Moon
 1963,	William Shockley
 1968,	Chester Carlson
 1973,	Harold Eugene Edgerton, Kenneth J. Germeshausen 
 1975,	George M. Grover	
 1976,	Emmett Leith, Juris Upatnieks
 1977,	J. David Margerum	
 1979,	Bruce G. Collipp, Douwe de Vries
 1980, Soichiro Honda
 1982,	Jack Kilby
 1985,	John Vincent Atanasoff
 1986,	Wilson Greatbatch
 1987,	Robert J. Moffat
 1988,	Vernon D. Roosa
 1989,	Jack S. Kilby, Jerry D. Merryman, James H. Van Tassel
 1990,	Roy J. Plunkett		
 1991,	James R. Thompson
 1994,	Dominick Danna, Richard W. Newman, William C. Moore
 1996,	Bernard J. Miller	
 1998,	Donna Shirley
 2001,	Heinz Erzberger
 2005,	James D. Walker
 2008,	David G. Lilley 
 2010, Ashwani K. Gupta
 2020,	Yogesh Jaluria
 2023, Robert Hauck
 2024, Kenneth A. Warren

See also

 List of mechanical engineering awards

References 

Awards established in 1924
Awards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
EMD F125. The EMD F125 "Spirit" is a four-axle passenger diesel locomotive manufactured by Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) for the North American market since 2015. It is powered by a Caterpillar C175-20 V20 diesel engine rated at . The locomotive is capable of traveling at a maximum in-service speed of  pulling consists of up to 10 cars. It was EMD's first new passenger locomotive for the North American market in 15 years, with the most recent predecessor passenger locomotive being the EMD DE30AC and DM30AC built for the Long Island Rail Road. So far, Metrolink is the only customer of the F125.

Features of the F125 include Tier 4 emissions compliance (with exhaust after-treatment), AC traction systems, extended-range blend and dynamic brakes with HEP regeneration capabilities, advanced crash energy management (CEM) technology, and a streamlined body design, designed by Vossloh of Spain.

History

The Los Angeles commuter rail agency Metrolink was the launch customer for the EMD F125, with an order for 40. The cost of the base order of 10 units with an option of additional 10 was estimated at $150 million, with delivery commencing in 2016. The base order was signed on May 31, 2013, for 10 locomotives with an option for additional 10, which has since been exercised. Additional orders were exercised as funding became available. They replaced the EMD F59PH and F59PHI.

The first locomotive began testing in the first quarter of 2016 and was shown to the public on July 18, 2016, at Los Angeles Union Station during a special event, and had its first mainline run on June 10, 2017.

The bulk of the order was expected to be delivered by April 2017, but major problems with the locomotives had prevented their full acceptance by Metrolink. In November 2018, Metrolink announced that only five locomotives had been accepted, and the project was two years behind schedule. As of 2022, all F125 locomotives had been delivered to Metrolink and placed in service.

The F125 competes with other Tier 4 compliant locomotives, such as the Siemens Charger series and the MPI MPXpress MP54AC. Both the F125 and MP54AC have struggled to find customers, unlike the Charger series, which has sold more than 350 units including large orders from Amtrak and Via Rail.

References

External links
 F125 Product Page – Progress Rail

Electro-Motive Diesel locomotives
Caterpillar locomotives
Passenger locomotives
Diesel–electric locomotives of the United States
Bo-Bo locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 2013
EPA Tier 4-compliant locomotives of the United States
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
American Passenger Locomotives
Road Weather Information System. A Road Weather Information System (RWIS) comprises automatic weather stations (AWS) (often technically referred to as Environmental Sensor Stations (ESS) as they also cover non-meteorological variables) in the field, a communication system for data transfer, and central systems to collect field data from numerous ESS. These stations measure real-time atmospheric parameters, pavement conditions, water level conditions, visibility, and sometimes other variables. Central RWIS hardware and software are used to process observations from ESS to develop nowcasts or forecasts, and to display or disseminate road weather information in a format that can be easily interpreted by a manager. RWIS data are used by road operators and maintainers to support decision making. Real-time RWIS data is also used by Automated Warning Systems (AWS). The spatial and temporal resolution of a station network can be that of a mesonet or sometimes a constituent network in a network of station networks comprising a mesonet. The data is often considered proprietary although it is typically ingested into the major numerical weather prediction models.

Sensors
 Thermometer for measuring temperature and pavement conditions
 Anemometer for measuring wind speed
 Wind vane for measuring wind direction
 Visibility sensor for detecting fog and smoke
 Rain gauge for measuring precipitation
 Surface sensor (embedded) for measuring road surface temperature and status temperature, dry or wet state, water depth, chemical concentration
 Surface sensor (non-invasive) for measuring road surface temperature and status temperature, dry or wet state, water depth, chemical concentration, friction
 Sub-surface probe for measuring below-grade temperature of roadway, surface temperature and resistance

References

Meteorological stations
Intelligent transportation systems
XtremeAir Sbach 300. The XtremeAir Sbach 300 is a German aerobatic aircraft, designed by Philippe Steinbach and produced by XtremeAir, of Cochstedt. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The aircraft bears the company designation XA41, but is marketed under the name Sbach 300, although use of this name was later abandoned.

Design and development
The Sbach 300 is an all-composite design, predominantly constructed of carbon fibre. It features a cantilever low-wing, a single-seat enclosed cockpit under a bubble canopy, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft's  span wing has an area of  and mounts full-span ailerons with spades to lighten control forces, which give a roll rate of 450° per second. The standard engine employed is the  Lycoming IO-580 four-stroke powerplant. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of  for aerobatics and a gross weight of  for non-aerobatic flight.

The 300 was later developed into a two-seat version, the XtremeAir Sbach 342, which was introduced in 2007.

Operational history
The Sbach 300 was flown to a German national aerobatic championship in the unlimited class. Seven XA41s were completed by XtremeAir by 2020, with an additional example completed from a kit. Another XA41, powered by a  Vedeneyev M14P was completed with the name Angry Fish.

Specifications (Sbach 300)

See also
List of aerobatic aircraft

References

External links

Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2006
2000s German sport aircraft
Sbach 300
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Šoštarić Vrabac. The Soštarić Vrabac, ( - sparrow), was a primary glider for basic pilot training designed and built in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1939.

Design and development
Of mixed composition, mostly wood and canvas, with undercarriage skis for landing, the Vrabac was designed by engineer Ivo Šoštarić in 1939, inspired by the success of the Zögling, a German primary glider. Unlike the Zögling, the Vrabac was not wire-braced, lacking a kingpost and using struts to brace the wings to the lower fuselage.
 
During tests at Vršac the Vrabac showed far better flight characteristics than not only its German exemplar, but also from the Polish Kocjan Wrona.

Production of 15 aircraft in two versions - A and B began in 1939, as the first serially built glider in Serbia. Production continued after World War II and more than 150 were made. Due to the simple design of this glider, it was also made in local aeroclubs' workshops during the winter, so that they could be used for training during the summer.

Variants
Vrabac A
Initial version
Vrabac B
second version

Aircraft on display
Aviation Museum - Belgrade - a Vrabac A, manufactured in the Utva factory at Pančevo

Specifications (Vrabac A)

See also

References

1930s Yugoslav sailplanes
High-wing aircraft