omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
APEV Pouchelec. The APEV Pouchelec () is a French amateur-built electric aircraft, that was designed by Daniel Dalby and produced by APEV of Peynier. When it was available the aircraft was supplied as plans or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Pouchelec is a development of the APEV Pouchel Light, adapted for electric power, including revised landing gear and longer span wings with greater surface area. The original Pouchel was constructed using three commercially available aluminium ladders, hence APEV is the Association pour la Promotion des Echelles Volantes, or in English, Association for the Promotion of Flying Ladders. Later models were forced to move to rectangular aluminium tubing when the ladder manufacturer grew concerned about liability. The Pouchel series are all derivatives of the classic 1930s Henri Mignet-designed Mignet Pou-du-Ciel (Flying Flea).

The Pouchelec features a cantilever rear wing with a strut-braced parasol front wing, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span front wing and  span rear have a combined area of  and both employ NACA 23112 airfoils. The engine supplied is a  AGNI 119R electric motor powered by a Kokam Lithium-ion polymer battery pack, which gives a 30-minute flight endurance.

As of late 2017 it was no longer listed as available as plans or a kit.

Operational history
Bayerl et al. describe the aircraft in flight as "wonderfully quiet".

Specifications (Pouchelec)

References

External links
Official website 
Video of early test flights

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Electric aircraft
Pouchelec
Tandem-wing aircraft
APEV Pouchel II. The APEV Pouchel II () is a French amateur-built aircraft, designed by Daniel Dalby and produced by APEV of Peynier. The aircraft was supplied as plans or as a kit for amateur construction, but is no longer available. It has been replaced in production by the APEV Pouchel Light

Design and development
The Pouchel II replaced the original APEV Pouchel in production. The original Pouchel was constructed using three commercially available aluminium ladders, hence APEV is the Association pour la Promotion des Echelles Volantes, or in English, Association for the Promotion of Flying Ladders. Later the ladder manufacturer grew concerned about liability and refused to supply any more ladders. The Pouchel was then re-designed to use aeronautical rectangular aluminium tubing in place of the original ladders and the new aircraft was designated the Pouchel II. The Pouchel series are all derivatives of the classic 1930s Henri Mignet-designed Mignet Pou-du-Ciel (Flying Flea).

The Pouchel II features a cantilever rear wing with a strut-braced parasol front wing, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, fixed conventional landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its flying surfaces covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its  span front wing and  span rear have a combined area of  and both employ NACA 23112 airfoils. The prototype used a  Rotax 447 two-stroke powerplant, but the   Rotax 377 is also recommended. The  Hirth F-33 has also been fitted.

Specifications (Pouchel II)

References

External links
Official website

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Pouchel II
Tandem-wing aircraft
APEV Scoutchel. The APEV Scoutchel () is a French amateur-built aircraft, designed by Daniel Dalby and  produced by APEV of Peynier. The aircraft is supplied as plans or as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Scoutchel is derived from the earlier APEV Demoichelle, itself an updated version of the pre-First World War Santos-Dumont Demoiselle.

The Scoutchel features a strut-braced high-wing, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine mounted above the cockpit on the keel tube, in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing. The wings are the same as those used on the Pouchel Light and are built around a single aluminium spar, with ribs made from extruded polystyrene with plywood bracing, all bonded to fibreglass leading and trailing edges, covered in Dacron sailcloth. The  span wing employs a NACA 23112 airfoil and has an area of , with an aspect ratio of 8:1. A unique roll control system is used as the aircraft has no ailerons. Instead the wings are pivoted to +4° and -2° to produce and control roll. The wings can be folded for ground transportation or storage.

Recommended engines are the  Rotax 377 or the  Rotax 447 two-stroke powerplants, although it can also fit electric motors as well.

The manufacturer estimates building times at 150 hours from the kit and 300 hours from plans.

Specifications (Scoutchel)

References

External links
Official website

Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Scoutchel
Parasol-wing aircraft
French ultralight aircraft
APEV. APEV  (Association pour la Promotion des Echelles Volantes, English: Association for the Promotion of Flying Ladders) is a French aircraft manufacturer, founded by Daniel Dalby in 1997 and based in Peynier. The organization specializes in the design and manufacture of very light and inexpensive homebuilt aircraft.

The original design, the Pouchel, was based upon the 1930s Henri Mignet-designed Mignet Pou-du-Ciel (Flying Flea), but constructed using three commercial household aluminium ladders to save construction time, cost and weight. The aircraft first flew on 14 March 1999 and 120 sets of plans were quickly sold. When the ladder manufacturer no longer wanted to sell ladders for aircraft construction, due to liability concerns, Dalby redesigned the aircraft to use aeronautical rectangular aluminium tubing instead, which resulted in a lighter and cheaper aircraft, the Pouchel II. This was further refined into the Pouchel Light and an electric powered version, the Pouchelec. Further designs followed these, including the two seat Bipouchel and the Pouchel Classic.

Aircraft

References

External links

Aircraft manufacturers of France
Companies based in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Dam Ab. Dam Ab or Dam-e Ab or Domab () may refer to:
 Dam Ab, Ardal, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
 Dam Ab, Kiar, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
 Dam Ab, Lordegan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
 Domab, Isfahan
 Dam Ab, Bagh-e Malek, Khuzestan Province
 Dam Ab, Masjed Soleyman, Khuzestan Province
BBR Construction. BBR Construction, BBR System, Bureau BBR, BBR Group or BBR VT International is a Swiss construction firm specializing in cable construction projects such as suspension bridges and tramways.  They built the first carbon fibre stay cable bridge.  The firm was started in 1944 by three engineers, Max Birkenmaier, Antonio Brandestini and Mirko Robin Ros. Their stay cable technology has been applied to over 400 major structures around the world.

Among their projects have been:
1961 the Schiller Street Bridge in Stuttgart, Germany, span 61 meters, a curved, stay cable bridge for pedestrians
1991 the Gilly Bridge over the Isere River in Albertville, France, longest span 102 meters, a stay cable bridge with a single tower
1996  the Storchenbrücke bridge in Winterthur, Switzerland, main span 63 meters, the world's first carbon fibre stay cables bridge
1997 the Godavari Arch Bridge over the Godavari River in Rajahmundry, India, Asia's second longest railroad bridge.
2012 The Ada Bridge over the Sava river in Belgrade, Serbia.

Notes

Construction and civil engineering companies of Switzerland
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1944
Swiss companies established in 1944
Jean-Paul Van Belle. Jean-Paul Van Belle is a professor of information technology and director at the Centre for Information Technology and National Development in Africa at the University of Cape Town. He was head of the department of Information Technology at the University of Cape Town from 2008 to 2011.

Van Belle has written over 120 published peer reviewed articles in the fields of service-oriented architecture, unified communications within businesses, open source software, mobile computing, and information and communication technologies for development.

In 2012 he established the UCT-Samsung Mobile Innovation Lab at the University of Cape Town.

In 2011 Van Belle was the first person to photograph the Mascho-Piro people whilst on vacation in Peru.

References

External links
Centre for Information Technology and National Development in Africa

Academic staff of the University of Cape Town
Living people
Utrecht University alumni
Scientists from Bruges
1961 births
Metsimotlhabe River. The Metsimotlhabe River is the largest river in the Kweneng District of Botswana, draining the area that lies to the south of Molepolole into the Notwane River, in turn a tributary of the Limpopo River.  
The name "Metsimotlhabe" means "water sand river".

The Bokaa Dam was built in 1990/1991 by damming the Metsimotlhabe River just south of Bokaa village.
Surface drainage in the sandveld surrounding the Metsimotlhabe is limited to pans and dry valleys, which rarely carry surface water.
Sand extraction from the riverbed has caused problems, since this lowers the water table and causes the surrounding vegetation to die.
This is a significant economic activity in the District.
In June 2012 a spokesperson for the Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources pointed out that demand was high due to the boom in housing caused by the growing affluence of the country.

References
Citations

Sources

Rivers of Botswana
Kweneng District
Kgatleng District
452nd. 452nd or 452d may refer to:

452d Air Mobility Wing, United States Air Force air mobility unit located at March ARB, California
452d Flight Test Squadron (452 FLTS), part of the 412th Test Wing, based at Edwards Air Force Base, California
452d Operations Group, the flying component of the 452d Air Mobility Wing, assigned to the United States Air Force Reserve
452d Strategic Fighter Squadron, inactive United States Air Force unit

See also
452 (number)
452, the year 452 (CDLII) of the Julian calendar
452 BC
John Long (computer scientist). John Brian Long (born 3 December 1935) is a British computer scientist and Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Engineering at the University College London, known for his work on "cognitive ergonomics and human-computer interaction."

Biography 
Long obtained his BA in Modern Languages from Cambridge University in 1960, his BSc in Psychology from Hull University in 1970, and his PhD in Cognitive Engineering from Cambridge University in 1978 with the thesis, entitled "Multidimensional Signal Recognition: Reduced Efficiency and Process Interaction," under supervision of Donald Broadbent. In 2001 he obtained his D.Eng from the London University.

Long started his academic career as Reader at the University College London in 1979, and was later appointed Professor of Cognitive Ergonomics> He also chaired its Ergonomics and HCI Unit, and was Director of Studies for both their MSc and PhD programs. in 2001 he became Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Engineering. Since 1989 he is Concurrent Professor at the Northeastern Forestry University in Harbin, China, and he has been Visiting Professor at the Swinburne University of Technology in 1997,  Melbourne, at the Eindhoven University of Technology in 1998–2000, and at the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak in 2000.

Long is seen as one of the founders of the field of human-computer interactions in the UK. In 2010 Journal Interacting with Computers published a Special Issue Festschrift for John Long.

Selected publications 
 J. Long, A. Baddeley (Eds.), Attention and performance IX, Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Attention and Performance, Jesus college, Cambridge, England, July 13-18, 1980 Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1980). 
 Long, John, and Andy Whitefield, eds. Cognitive ergonomics and human-computer interaction. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 1989.
 Lim, Kee Yong, and John B. Long. The MUSE method for usability engineering. Vol. 8. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Articles, a selection:

References

External links
John Long at UCL

1935 births
Living people
British computer scientists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of University College London
ONDRAF. ONDRAF/NIRAS (, , ) is the Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and enriched Fissile Material. It is established by Belgian law since 1980.

Belgoprocess
Belgoprocess is the industrial subsidiary. It manages and executes the industrial activities of the agency. Belgoprocess was founded in 1984 as a subsidiary of Synatom nv. Synatom is the Electrabel subsidiary that manages the fuel cycle for the commercial reactors in Belgium.
In 1985 Belgoprocess acquired the staff from Eurochemics. A pilot nuclear reprocessing plant which was being decommissioned. In 1986 Belgoprocess was transferred to ONDRAF/NIRAS.
 
The Site of the former Eurochemics plant in Dessel is known as Belgoproces Site 1. In 1989 Belgoprocess also took over the waste department of SCK•CEN, the study center for nuclear research, in Mol now also known as Belgoproces Site 2.

Site ONDRAF Fleurus
In 2012 ONDRAF/NIRAS became responsible for the premises of the now defunct American company Best Medical Belgium, located on the site of the Institute for Radioelements(IRE) in Fleurus Belgium.

Long term storage

cAt-project 
The cAt-project aims to offer a storage solution for low and intermediate radioactive waste with a short half-life (less than 30 years), so called category A waste. It is to be encased in modular concrete boxes which are stacked inside structures which ultimately will resemble tumuli on a site adjacent to Belgoprocess Site 1. This structure is to be actively monitored for 300 years.

HADES 
HADES is an underground laboratory, since 1980 it is researching if layers of clay as found in the North-East of Belgium could be used for permanent storage of nuclear waste. It is run by ONDRAF/NIRAS and SCK•CEN through EIG EURIDICE (European Underground Research Infrastructure for Disposal of nuclear waste In Clay Environment).

In 2011 ONDRAF/NIRAS published the Waste Plan which evaluates all proposed storage solutions and concludes by
recommending storage it in the aforementioned layers of clay.

References

External links
 official website  
 official website of cAt Project 
 official website of Belgoprocess
 ONDRAF profile   
 Clay geology in Belgium(behind a paywall) 
 More clay(behind a paywall)
 Belgian Nuclear Society flyer 
 FANC  
 Wobbing   
 IAEA

Nuclear waste companies
Radioactive waste
Government agencies of Belgium
Government agencies established in 1980
1980 establishments in Belgium
Nuclear technology in Belgium
Academy of Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Science. The Academy of Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Science (ATEMS) is a STEM high school founded in 2009 located in Abilene, Texas. ATEMS is a part of the Abilene Independent School District.  ATEMS is housed in premises owned by the Texas State Technical College System.

History

ATEMS was originally a New Technology High School, at which all core classes were either at the AP level or college dual credit at other colleges around Abilene.  ATEMS still encourages technology, but has now introduced academic classes, with an increased emphasis on engineering curricula.

Academics

ATEMS offers two STEM curricula: Information Technology and Engineering. ATEMS offers both Advanced Placement or college dual-credit classes with the technical colleges in Abilene. ATEMS also offers AP Dual Credit hybrid courses, allowing students to still receive the benefit of a ten-point addition to their GPA and the ability to take the AP tests, as well receive college credit should they score a 3 or higher on the AP test. These hybrid classes are free. Both courses culminate in a year-long senior capstone project that includes a skills demonstration to the community.

ATEMS is the highest ranked high school by USNews and World Report in the Abilene, TX metropolitan area and is one of the highest-ranking high schools in both Texas and the United States.

After moving to its new building, ATEMS has also added Automotive, Culinary Arts, and Welding classes.

Extracurricular Activities

Extracurricular activities at ATEMS include robotics, photography, and yearbook. ATEMS provides shuttles for students to travel to other high schools for some of the activities not available at the school, such as band, orchestra, and football. ATEMS formerly participated in a "bring your own device" (BYOD) program which allowed students to use their own technologies including iPods, iPads, cell phones, or laptops, during class, with teacher permission. This was abandoned after the 2020–2021 school year due to abuse of the privilege by browsing sites which contained adult and other prohibited contents.

Privileges

ATEMS grants students special privileges which are exercised with a trust card.  The ATEMS trust card is similar to an ID card on a lanyard. Privileges include: checking out school laptops if you don't own one, access to the BYOD (Bring your own device) policy (formerly - reason for cancellation in previous paragraph), the previous allowance of juniors and seniors to depart campus for lunch (canceled due to moving to the LIFT), and the ability to listen to music in class (with teacher permission).

References

High schools in Taylor County, Texas
Educational institutions established in 2009
2009 establishments in Texas
2009 in Texas
Abilene Independent School District
Organizations based in Abilene, Texas
Hydroline. Hydroline designs and manufactures durable, heavy-duty hydraulic cylinders. The Finnish company was founded in the early 1960s as a metal lathing shop.

The family-owned company employs two hundred people. Its main production facility is located near to Kuopio, Finland.

Products
Cylinders operate as a part of complex entities and applications. Hydroline produces and designs over 1500 different cylinder models for automotive manufacturing, mining, forest machinery and tractor, hoisting and transfer, and earthworks industries. Each cylinder model is custom-tailored to meet each customer's specifications.

Hydroline is specialized in design and manufacturing of hydraulic cylinders, R&D services and testing.

History
The company was founded in 1962 in a basement in Kuopio, Finland. First cylinders were manufactured already in 1960s. After several years of steady expansion, the company headquarters moved to its current site in the Vuorela Industrial Zone, situated in Eastern Finland.

Hydroline has expanded from a one-man turning shop to an international company. Nine out of ten Hydroline cylinders are delivered to applications destined for the export market. Besides, the company has its own sales office in China. Hydroline Poland sp. z o.o. was established in July 2012.

References

External links
Official Hydroline Website

Manufacturing companies of Finland
Tobu 6050 series. The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Tobu Nikko Line and the Aizu Line in Japan since 1985. These trains were operated by Tobu Railway and the connecting companies Aizu Railway and Yagan Railway, and provide "Local" and "Express/Section-Express" services. "Rapid/Section Rapid" services operated until April 2017. On 12 March 2022, Tobu Railway and Aizu Railway withdrew their fleets of 6050 series and 6050-100 series sets from service, respectively. Yagan Railway still has two formations of 6050-100 series, which operate on the Aizu-Kinugawa Line and the Tobu Kinugawa Line.

Design
In 1985, the 6050 series design was created by rebuilding former 6000 series EMUs (dating from 1964) with new steel bodies. Before through-running operations began on 9 October 1986, the trains were required to satisfy fire resistance regulations due to the long tunnel on the Aizu Kinugawa Line.

Livery
Trains are painted in "jasmine white" with "sunny coral orange" and "purple ruby" lining.

Formations
The fleet of 33 two-car sets is formed as shown below.

 The Mc cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph. Sets 6153-6156 and 6173 have two pantographs.
 Yagan Railway set (6050-100 series) cars are numbered 6110x and 6210x.
 The Tc cars are equipped with a toilet.

Withdrawing formations
 The sole Aizu Railway set (6050-200 series) cars are numbered 61201 and 62201.

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of fixed 4-seat bays with a seat pitch of .

History

All 44 former 6000 series cars were rebuilt between September 1985 and October 1986 as sets 6151 to 6172, with the first sets entering service on 15 November 1985.

With the popularity of the new trains, an additional eight new 2-car sets were built, including one set for the Yagan Railway, enabling all "Rapid" services between Asakusa and Shimo-Imaichi to be increased to 6-car formations from the 9 August 1988 timetable revision.

A further two newly built sets were added to the Yagan Railway fleet coinciding with the start of Aizu Kinugawa Line services. One additional new set was delivered to the Aizu Railway in 1990.

Two 6050 series sets, 6177 and 6178, were rebuilt in September 2012 at J-TREC in Yokohama to become 634 series sets for use on Skytree Train services from 27 October 2012.

On 12 March 2022, Tobu Railway and Aizu Railway updated their timetables, at which time the 6050 series and 6050-200 series that Tobu Railway and Aizu Railway held (respectively) were withdrawn from operation and dismantled at . Now, only two 6050 series sets remain, operated by Yagan Railway.

References

Further reading

External links

 Tobu 6050 series information 

Electric multiple units of Japan
6050 series
Train-related introductions in 1985
Alna Koki rolling stock
Fuji rolling stock
Tokyu Car multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Cap torque tester. The cap torque tester is used in the packaging industry to measure the opening or closing torque of the screw cap. Proper torque is required for the cap to perform its functions of maintaining a tight seal. It is a piece of specific quality control equipment that can be placed on the production line or in the laboratory. Several designs have been developed.

Packaging development
A torque tester is required during the packaging design process. It can be used as a destructive tester to identify if there is any material weakness of the packaging during the screwing process. It also allows one to define the torque tolerances of the capping machine. The lower torque limit is considered the minimum pressure of the cap to avoid any leak of the product. This torque test needs to be combined with a leak test with secure seal analyzer. The higher torque limit is the maximum torque the customer can apply to open or close the product's cap.

The best application torque and the removal torque can be determined experimentally with the specific capping equipment, bottle, contents, closure, and closure liner.

Production line control
Once torque tolerances have been defined, the cap torque tester is used as a torque control device on the final product. If measurements are out of the limits, the capping machine needs to be adjusted. Depending on the production process, it could be necessary to control the opening torque, 24 hours after the packaging process. Temperature variations can modify product characteristics with a result of different torque measurement.

References

External links
Modern Plastics Encyclopedia issue 
Food science abstracts, Volumes 18-20
ASTM standardization news, Volume 32
Great Britain. Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Great Britain. Food Investigation Board, H. M. Stationery Off., 1955 - Technology & Engineering

Measuring instruments
Packaging