omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Hydrographic containment. Hydrographic containment is a concept in fisheries oceanography that refers to the way a fish population utilizes different tides and currents at different times to remain in a certain region.  This concept was developed based on Harden Jones' triangle of migration. This refers to the idea that fish migrate from their spawning grounds to their nursery ground. Then from the nursery grounds, they join the adult population of fish at the feeding ground. Finally, the fish returns to the spawning grounds to spawn.

The process of hydrographic containment typically works in this way: Fish migrate from their feeding grounds to their spawning grounds using selective tidal transport or a current/counter-current system to move against a stream of water. The fish population then releases their larvae into the same current and the larvae drift to their nursery grounds in shallower waters while the spent adults are carried back in the stream they arrived in. After a certain period of time, the juvenile fish migrate from the nursery grounds to the feeding grounds. These two migrations, the mature adults back to the spawning grounds and the immature fish from the nursery grounds to the feeding grounds, make up the identity of the fish stock.  Different stocks of fish carry out this migration pattern differently to minimize the loss of larvae and juveniles to waters unsuitable for survival and make sure that the juveniles arrive at an optimal nursery habitat.

This process has been well documented in plaice of the North Sea.  The North Sea plaice gather over a modest region in the southwest corner of the North Sea to spawn, some fish traveling vast distances to arrive at this location. The almost certain reason the plaice choose this region for spawning is because the drift of the larvae from the English Channel will bring them from their spawning grounds in the southwest corner to the entry of the Dutch Wadden Sea, an optimal juvenile rearing habitat, right as the plaice reach their juvenile life phase.

See also
 Match/mismatch

References 

Fisheries science
Huang Jie (engineer). Huang Jie () is a Choh-Ming Li Professor of Mechanical and Automation Engineering at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Education and career
Huang attended Fuzhou University from 1977 to 1979 where he studied power engineering and then studied circuits and systems at Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST) from 1979 to 1982. After obtaining a master's degree from NUST, he joined its faculty. In 1986, Huang moved to the United States where he completed his Ph.D. in automatic control at Johns Hopkins University in 1990 and soon after became a postdoc there for one year. From August 1991 to July 1995, Huang worked in American industry. In September of the same year, he joined the Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering at the Chinese University of Hong Kong where he serves as Choh-Ming Li professor and an Honorary Advisor to the Hong Kong Science Museum.

He is an editor of the International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, is editor-at-large of the Communications in Information and Systems, and a member of advisory board of Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. He also served as an associate editor of the Asian Journal of Control from 1999 to 2001 and held the same position at the IEEE, at its Transactions on Automatic Control. Jie Huang has also been an associate editor of Science in China and was a guest editor for IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

Awards
Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2005)
Fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control (2010)
State Natural Science Prize, Class II (2011)

References

20th-century births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Chinese mechanical engineers
Fuzhou University alumni
Nanjing University of Science and Technology alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Academic staff of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Fellows of the IEEE
Fellows of the International Federation of Automatic Control
Wilkinson plc. Wilkinson plc are a firm of chandelier manufacturers and repairers based in Kent.

History
The firm started as F. Wilkinson & Company in Stourbridge, where from 1922 to 1927 Frank Wilkinson (1897-1927) was the first to commercialise the acid method of glass polishing to replace polishing of cut-glass by hand. In addition, his brother Reginald Wilkinson (died 1986), developed the carborundum wheel method of cutting to replace the steel and sand method after he bought discarded worn carborundum wheels from a local bevelling firm. The new method reduced breakages and made more sophisticated shapes such as scalloped tops commercially viable.

The firm enjoys a royal warrant from Queen Elizabeth II.

References

External links 
https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/F._Wilkinson_and_Co

Glass makers
Companies based in Kent
Sittingbourne
Stourbridge
Chandeliers
British royal warrant holders
Windmill at Ruprechtov. The windmill at Ruprechtov is a technical monument in Ruprechtov in the Czech Republic. It is one of the most important and unique technical monuments in the country from the historical and technical point of view. It is equipped with the Halladay patent turbine, the only machine of this type in the Czech Republic and in Europe.

History
The mill was built in 1873 as a classic Dutch-type mill, with a four-blade wind wheel and a revolving roof. After a windstorm damage, the original owner and builder Cyril Wagner decided to modernize the mill. He installed the so-called Halladay turbine instead of the classic wind wheel. The turbine was named after its inventor and designer, the American farmer Daniel Halladay. The runner consists of a chain of operable vanes controlled by rods, enabling them to be tilted as required automatically according to the wind. Double tail vane maintained the wheel at the right course.

The turbine is now rotating at a height of 16 m above the ground, its diameter is 10 m and it weighs about 2 tons. The mill still has the original mill machines. Even though grinding stopped in the 1960s the roof turbine is still in operation.

The mill was completely restored in 1998 and is open to the public.

Recognition
It was declared a Czech cultural monument in 1958.

In autumn 2009, a postage stamp depicting the mill was issued. The stamp with a face value of CZK 10 was designed by Petr Melan, engraved by Václav Fajt.

In 2009 the Czech National Bank issued a 2,500 CZK commemorative gold coin as part of the Industrial Heritage Sites series. The coin was designed by Jiří Harcuba.

References

Windmills in the Czech Republic
Windmills completed in 1873
Vyškov District
Museums in the South Moravian Region
Mill museums in the Czech Republic
Travel lift. A travel lift or travelift (also called a boat hoist, boat gantry crane, or boat crane) is a specialised type of crane used for lifting boats out of the water and transporting them around docks or marinas. These cranes allow boats with masts or tall superstructure to be transported around hard stands as the tall upper structure can pass through the open end  of the crane framework before lifting and after setting down.

Travel lifts typically have two rectangular side frames joined by a beam across one end. The lift is mobile with four groups of steerable wheels, one at each corner. Boats are typically lifted using straps, slung between the two sides which can be passed under boats when either in the water or on the hard stand. Steel wire cables on winches are used to lift the boat.

To remove a boat from the water, two basic methods may be used. In one, the boat is positioned in a narrow dock, or lifting well, with two paths along each side, which are at the same level as the hard stand. The travel lift can then be driven onto the paths so that it is positioned over the boat. The boat can then be lifted above the level of the hard stand and driven around to the place where it is to be lowered. The other method requires the travel lift to be run down a slipway with a shallow slope, until it is deep enough for the boat to be floated between the sides, the slings rigged, and the boat lifted sufficiently to be sure of clearing the slipway surface when the lift is winched, driven, or towed out.

Travel lifts can have a variety of lifting capacities from tens of tonnes used for small boats to well over 1000 tonnes which can be used for sizeable ships. They typically lift loads at around  per minute and can be driven at speeds of up to  per minute. 

Boats need to be removed from the water for a variety of reasons including anti-fouling and removal of marine growth, maintenance and inspection, repair,  and long term storage. Because of their slow speeds, marine travel lifts are impractical for street transport of boats.

There is also an Amphibious version that can be lift the boat directly from the sea.

See also

References

Marinas
Linda Horton. Linda L. Horton is an American materials scientist and the director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) at the United States Department of Energy. She is also acting in the role of director of the BES' Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.

Education 
Horton received her Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in Materials Science, and worked in the field of electron microscopy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where she became the Director for the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. She served on the Board of Directors for the Microscopy Society of America, the Materials Research Society, and ASM International.

References 

Living people
United States Department of Energy officials
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
Women materials scientists and engineers
American materials scientists
Apache Airflow. Apache Airflow is an open-source workflow management platform for data engineering pipelines. It started at Airbnb in October 2014 as a solution to manage the company's increasingly complex workflows. Creating Airflow allowed Airbnb to programmatically author and schedule their workflows and monitor them via the built-in Airflow user interface. From the beginning, the project was made open source, becoming an Apache Incubator project in March 2016 and a top-level Apache Software Foundation project in January 2019.

Airflow is written in Python, and workflows are created via Python scripts. Airflow is designed under the principle of "configuration as code". While other "configuration as code" workflow platforms exist using markup languages like XML, using Python allows developers to import libraries and classes to help them create their workflows.

Overview 
Airflow uses directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to manage workflow orchestration. Tasks and dependencies are defined in Python and then Airflow manages the scheduling and execution. DAGs can be run either on a defined schedule (e.g. hourly or daily) or based on external event triggers (e.g. a file appearing in Hive). Previous DAG-based schedulers like Oozie and Azkaban tended to rely on multiple configuration files and file system trees to create a DAG, whereas in Airflow, DAGs can often be written in one Python file.

Managed providers 

Three notable providers offer ancillary services around the core open source project.
 Astronomer has built a SaaS tool and Kubernetes-deployable Airflow stack that assists with monitoring, alerting, devops, and cluster management.
 Cloud Composer is a managed version of Airflow that runs on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and integrates well with other GCP services.
 Amazon Web Services offers Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow starting from November 2020.

References

External links
 

Airflow
Big data products
John Dewrance. Sir John Dewrance (13 March 18587 October 1937) was a British inventor and mechanical engineer.

Early life 
John Dewrance was born in 1858 at Peckham, London, the only son of pioneering locomotive engineer John Dewrance and his wife Elizabeth. Dewrance was educated at Charterhouse School before entering King's College, London, where he is said to have "paid special attention to chemistry".

Career 
In 1879 Dewrence took over the running of Dewrance & Co. Ltd from his father. The following year he took over the research laboratory and staff of Professor Frederick Barff, where he experimented on protecting iron from rust. Dewrance built a formidable body of research early in his career, focussing particularly on lubrication, metallurgy and corrosion; this was reflected in his stints as Chairman of the Alloys Research Committee, Research Advisory Committee, Cutting Tools Research Committee as well as the Finance and House Committee of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers.

Dewrance went on to enjoy exceptional success as an inventor and mechanical engineer, taking out a total of 114 patents relating to steam fittings and boiler mountings. In 1889 he was elected Chairman of Babcock and Wilcox Ltd, and in 1914 Chairman of Deal and Walmer Coalfield Ltd and Kent Coal Concessions Ltd, holding all of these positions until his retirement in July 1937. Dewrance was engaged on Government contracts during the First World War, serving on committees of the Ministry of Munitions, the Ministry of Labour and the Treasury. He was first knighted in 1920.

Other major appointments for Dewrance included a tenure as President of the Engineering and Allied Employers' National Federation between 1920 and 1926, President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and Master of the Armourers' and Brasiers' Company in 1923, High Sheriff of Kent in 1925, and President of the Institute of Metals between 1926 and 1928. Dewrance was made a Fellow of King's College in 1929, where he also sat on the Council until his retirement.

Personal life 

Dewrance married Isabella Ann, granddaughter of inventor and mining engineer Richard Trevithick, in 1882. They had a son and a daughter.

Dewrance enjoyed riding, shooting and deerstalking in his personal life, and was involved with the Primrose League. He was appointed KBE in 1920 and GBE in 1928.

Legacy 
Dewrance & Co. Ltd became a wholly owned subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox Ltd following Dewrance's death in 1937. By sheer coincidence, the former Dewrance & Co. headquarters on Great Dover Street now forms part of a King's College hall of residence.

The Sir John Dewrance prize is awarded to the two best mechanical engineering students each year at City, University of London.

References 

1858 births
1937 deaths
People from Peckham
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of King's College London
English mechanical engineers
Dervilla Mitchell. Dame Dervilla Mary Mitchell  FREng FIEI (born August 1958) is an Irish engineer and a director and joint deputy chair of Arup Group. She led the management of the design for London Heathrow Airport's Terminal 5, and as of 2019 was project director for Arup for a 2-billion dollar airport terminal development in Abu Dhabi.  She is a Fellow of two national engineering academies, and the holder of an Honorary CBE.

Early life and education
Mitchell was born in August 1958 and grew up in Dublin, Ireland. Her father Thomas Austin was an architect, and her grandfather Tony Woods and three of her uncles were engineers. She was educated at Pembroke School and St Conleth's College. She gained a degree in Civil Engineering from University College Dublin in 1980, and later a Diploma in Project Management from Trinity College Dublin.

Career
Mitchell joined Arup Group in Dublin after graduating. She moved to Massachusetts in 1984 to work with Weidlinger Associates and then returned to Arup's London office in 1986. She has worked on projects including Portcullis House at Westminster, Action Stations for the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard, the London 2012 Olympic Village, and Heathrow Terminal 5 where she was Head of Design Management for the project. Mitchell joined the board of Arup in 2014 and was then described as "the most senior female in the business". In 2017 she became Chair of Arup's UK, India, Middle East and Africa (UKIMEA) Region, and in 2021 joint deputy chair of Arup Group.

Recognition
Mitchell is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland, and a Fellow of the Irish Academy of Engineering. In 2014, she was appointed an Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) - honorary because she is not a British or Commonwealth citizen. In 2016, University College Dublin awarded her an honorary Doctorate of Science. In 2020, she was awarded the RAEng President's medal.

Personal life
Mitchell is married and has three children, has been a local school governor, and enjoys cycling. She lives in Fulham.

References

1958 births
Living people
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Female fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Ove Arup
Alumni of University College Dublin
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Engineers from Dublin (city)
20th-century Irish engineers
21st-century Irish engineers
20th-century Irish women engineers
21st-century Irish women engineers
Vanguard-class multirole warship. The Vanguard-class multirole warship is a design proposal by Kongsberg Gruppen of Norway for a design of modular warship based on commercial design and shipbuilding principles. It is intended to meet a requirement for a mix of "Search & Rescue, Harbor and Assets Protection, Subsea Survey, Exercising Authority and Sovereignty, Anti-Access/Area Denial, Anti-Submarine Warfare and Mine Clearance, and Detection and Disposal."

Design and description 
Kongsberg collaborated with Salt Ship Design of Leirvik, Norway to develop the conceptual designs. The design is intended to be built in commercial shipyards at a considerable cost saving over dedicated naval shipyards, taking as little as two years to build.

The multirole ship has positions for role-specific ISO containers that can be swapped to change roles. The design has one helicopter spot at the back, for up to medium-sized aircraft. There is no hangar. A fully enclosed boat deck at roughly the middle of the ship's length opens at both sides to allow gantry cranes to deploy both sides to lower boats to the water. Additionally, a smaller seaboat is sited on the port side. The two propellers are above the keel. Two bow thrusters are sited just behind the bulbous bow. With likely limited speed requirements, the fuel consumption is likely to be low.

Armament 
Depictions of the ship show a single mount for a small calibre gun on the foredeck.

Crew 
Crew numbers could be as few as 16 to 20 in some role configurations.

Royal Norwegian Navy 
Following the collision and sinking of the Royal Norwegian Navy ship  in November 2018, the repair cost has been estimated at 13 billion Kroner (USD$1.4 billion), nearly three times the cost of the original build, there has been speculation that the Navy would instead invest in another class of ships. Vanguard is intended to meet this as-yet unstated requirement.

References

External links 

 Kongsberg Vanguard
 Vanguard unveiled

Proposed ships
Record and replay debugging. Record and replay debugging is the process of recording the execution of a software program so that it may be played back within a debugger to help diagnose and resolve defects. The concept is analogous to the use of a flight data recorder to diagnose the cause of an airplane flight malfunction.

Recording and replaying 
Record and replay debuggers record application state at every step of the program's process and thread execution, including memory interactions, deterministic and non-deterministic inputs, system resource status, and store it to disk in a log. The recording allows the program to be replayed again and again, and debugged exactly as it happened.

Usage 
Recordings can be made in one location and replayed in another, which makes it useful for remote debugging.

Record and replay debugging is particularly useful for debugging intermittent and non-deterministic defects, which can be difficult to reproduce.

Record and replay debugging technology is often fundamental to reverse debugging and time travel debugging.

Record and replay debuggers 
 GDB (GNU)
 LiveRecorder (Undo)
 rr (Mozilla)
 TotalView's ReplayEngine (RogueWave)
 PyTrace for Python

References 

Debuggers
L&YR Barton Wright 0-6-2T. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) Barton Wright 0-6-2T were tank engines introduced by Barton Wright between 1877 and 1883. This was the first use of the  type in Britain.

Design and construction
Locomotive superintendent William Barton Wright began by rebuilding a Jenkins  tank with  wheels in 1877 with side tanks and a trailing Webb radial axle, this being the first example of this type in the Britain.  Further conversions ensued and a total of 18 were rebuilt by 1883.  Ten new locomotives, the first taking the number 141, were ordered from Kitson in 1880 with  driving wheels for freight traffic, these between designed to share components such as boilers, wheels, cylinders and motion as the existing 1876  engines.  14 of passenger variant of the design were supplied by Kitson in 1881 having  driving wheels and a  longer total wheelbase.  A further 40 were delivered from Dübs & Company between 1882 and 1883.

Ernest Ahrons noted that the purpose of the  design was to provide additional coal and water compared to a .  He dismisses the idea the design improves the curving properties of the locomotive, said this only applies when running bunker first.  When running chimney first additional force is placed on the leading outward wheel flange.  He notes that on routes with severe curves there have been cases where the  types have had to be replaced with locomotives with a  arrangement.

Service
They were as being described as "probably the most useful type on the LYR in their day".  They were noted for being capable of managing a train of 12 coaches of 12 tons up the 1 in 27 gradient to . Most were withdrawn in the early 1900s with a few lasting into LMS service in the late 1920s and early 1930s.  One of the goods engines, No. 146 was fitted with a crane in 1924 and survived until 1931.  About twenty of the passenger variety lasted into LMS service, with four surviving until 1932, and No. 247 with motion removed serving as a carriage warmer until the mid-1960s.

Notes

References

Bibliography and further reading
 
 
 

0-6-2T locomotives
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1879
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
Instana. Instana is a German-American software firm based in Solingen as well as Chicago and San Francisco. It specialises in developing application performance management (APM) software.

Products

Instana's software is intended particularly for use in monitoring and managing the performance of software used in microservice architectures, and permits 3D visualisation of performance through graphs generated using machine learning algorithms, with notifications regarding performance also generated automatically. Instana's Application Performance Monitoring (APM) tool of the same name is especially purposed for monitoring software used in so-called "container orchestration" (a modular method of providing a software service).

History

The firm was founded in April 2015 by Mirko Novakovic, Pete Abrams, Fabian Lange, and Pavlo Baron as a spin-off of Codecentric (which was founded in 2005).

By December 2017, it had received a total of $26 million from investors, and by October 2018, this had risen to a total of $57 million. However this investment came primarily from outside Germany. $20 million of this funding was raised in the series B round led by Accel Partners whilst $30 million of this total was raised in the series C round led by Meritech Capital Partners. In February 2019 the company employed more than 100 employees in different sites around Solingen, including in the suburb of Ohligs.

In November 2020, IBM, as part of continuing investments in big data and AIs, announced an agreement to acquire Instana.

References

Business software companies
Software companies established in 2015