omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Daniel Jubb. Daniel Jubb (born 1984 in Manchester, England) is a British rocket scientist. In a 17 November 2008 article from the British newspaper The Times, he was named "one of the world's leading rocket scientists" by the Royal Air Force Wing Commander Andy Green.

Biography
Having been interested in rockets since childhood, Jubb obtained corporate financing and flew many amateur rockets, all by the time he was 14 years old.

In 1995, along with his grandfather Sid Guy, he co-founded The Falcon Project, a company that designs and develops rocket engines for commercial and military applications. At that time, Jubb obtained permission from the UK Ministry of Defence to launch rockets from the missile test platform of the Otterburn Army Training Estate in Northumberland. After reaching the maximum allowable launch height of 20,000 feet, he moved the operations of The Falcon Project to a location near Garlock in the Mojave Desert in California. Jubb runs The Falcon Project from a home office in his parents' house, and the company supplies the MOD, United States military, and plans to build satellite launch vehicles. In a 1998 documentary for Channel 4 titled Raw Talent: The Rocket Scientist, Jubb mentioned building his first rocket at age five "from a McDonald's straw, a light-bulb holder, and some household ingredients".

Although media claims have been made about the altitudes reached by Jubb's rockets, none have appeared on the list of altitude records held by the United Kingdom Rocketry Association.

In November 2005, Jubb joined the Bloodhound SSC project. The Bloodhound is a jet and rocket powered car designed to break the land speed record by traveling at approximately 1,000 miles per hour (1,609 km/h). Jubb and The Falcon Project designed, built, and repeatedly tested their hybrid rocket engine that will produce an estimated 25,000 lbs of thrust, suitable for either Bloodhound SSC or Virgin Galactic's SpaceShip Two. Additionally, The Falcon Project Ltd completed and tested a full-scale monopropellant thruster for subsonic testing of the vehicle. On 28 November 2010, Neil Armstrong visited the Bloodhound SSC headquarters and chatted with the team, including Jubb. This 3 October 2012 report was televised on the Bloodhound SSC hybrid rocket fabricated by The Falcon Project Ltd with Daniel Jubb as director, which was successfully tested in public at Newquay, GB. Due to escalating costs caused by control system delays, the hybrid rocket for Bloodhound will instead be developed by Nammo.

On 10 June 2015, Jubb visited Stokesley School and spoke with Year 10 students extensively about Rocket Science and assisted them in fitting their own rockets with motors, which was a great success.

Jubb has also been noted for his prominent mustache, earning him recognition from The Chap magazine.

See also
 United Kingdom Aerospace Youth Rocketry Challenge
 Roy Dommett

References

External links
 Daniel Jubb - Falcon Project (Rocket Engines) - Daniel Jubb's profile on the Bloodhound SSC official project site

Rocket scientists
British space scientists
English aerospace engineers
1984 births
Living people
Scientists from Manchester
Polytetrahydrofuran. Polytetrahydrofuran, also called poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol or poly(tetramethylene oxide), is a collection of chemical compounds with formula  or HO((CH2)4O-)n-H.  The material is a mixture of polyether diols terminated with alcohol groups.  It is produced by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran as well as 1,4-butanediol.  

The product is commercially available as polymers of low average molecular weights, between 250 and 3000 daltons. In this form it is a white waxy solid that melts between 20 and 30 °C.  The commercial product can be processed further into polymers with molecular weights of 40,000 and higher.

The product is sold under various trade names including  Terathane from Invista and PolyTHF from BASF. The BASF plant in Ludwigshafen at one point was producing 250,000 metric tons per year.

Applications

The main use of polytetrahydrofuran is to make elastic fibres such as spandex (elastane) for stretchable fabrics and for polyurethane resins. The latter are polyurethane prepolymers dissolved in solvent. They are used in the manufacture of artificial leather. These elastomers are either polyurethanes made by reacting PTMEG with diisocyanates, or polyesters made by reacting PTMEG with diacids or their derivatives. 

The polymer is also a starting material for thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyesters, polyetheramide and cast polyurethane elastomers, used for instance in the wheels of roller skates and skateboards.

Synthesis

Polytetrahydrofuran is commonly prepared by acid-catalyzed polymerization of tetrahydrofuran:

Regulation
Polytetrahyrofuran polyethylene glycol can be controlled for export from the U.S. under the Export Administration Regulations on the Commerce Control List and/or on export control regulations based on the Wassenaar Arrangement (ECCN: 1C111.b.5). Under these regulations export/transfer of the product may require a license or export authorization.

References

Diols
Polyethers
Cobalt sulfide. Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoxSy.  Well-characterized species include minerals with the formulas CoS, CoS2, Co3S4, and Co9S8. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric.

Minerals and hydrometallurgy
Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds.  Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS2) and linnaeite (Co3S4).  CoS2 (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. Co2+S22−.  Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif. The Co9S8 compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of pentlandite).  Mixed metal sulfide minerals include carrollite (CuCo2S4) and siegenite (Co3−xNixS4).

CoS is known as jaipurite. However, this species is questionable.

Cobalt sulfide minerals are converted to cobalt via roasting and extraction into aqueous acid.  In some processes, cobalt salts are  purified by precipitation when aqueous solutions of cobalt(II) ions are treated with hydrogen sulfide.  Not only is this reaction useful in the purification of cobalt from its ores, but also in qualitative inorganic analysis.

Applications and research
In combination with molybdenum, the sulfides of cobalt are used as catalysts for the industrial process called hydrodesulfurization, which is implemented on a large scale in refineries.  Synthetic cobalt sulfides are widely investigated as electrocatalysts.

Selected literature

References

Cobalt sulfide, NIST Webbook

Cobalt(II) compounds
Sulfides
ATmega88. The ATmega88 is an electronic integrated circuit microcontroller produced by the Atmel corporation. It has the basic Atmel AVR instruction set. One of the packaging configurations is the dual in-line package (DIP). It has  and operates at up to  for clock speed. It has an 8-bit core and 8K flash (program) memory. 

Many of Atmel's microcontrollers in this line have similar instruction sets, so if an engineer learns the instruction set from one of their microprocessors, this knowledge is transferable to other microcontrollers in the line.

The ATmega168 is a variant with 16 KB Flash memory.

Features

References

External links 
atmel.com: ATmega48/88/168 Summary (494 kB pdf)

See also 
 ATmega328
 AVR microcontrollers
 Atmel AVR instruction set
 ATtiny microcontroller comparison chart
 In-system programming

Atmel microcontrollers
Chingaza Dam. Chingaza Dam is a large dam in Colombia which supplies water to the capital city of Bogotá. The dam, on the Guatiquia River, is in the Chingaza National Park,  northeast of Bogotá. The dam is gravel fill with a concrete face. Behind the dam, the Chuza Reservoir holds .

Etymology 
The name Chingaza comes from Chibcha and means "middle of the width".

History of conflict 
In January 2002, rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) damaged the dam in an act of terrorism by placing an explosive on a gate valve in one of the dam's tunnels.

References 

Dams in Colombia
Dams completed in 1983
Buildings and structures in Cundinamarca Department
EASIC. eASIC is a fabless semiconductor company offering new ASIC devices used in the production of customized silicon devices.

History 
eASIC Corporation was founded in 1999 in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware by Zvi Or-Bach, the founder of Chip Express (renamed to ChipX). eASIC was a privately held company, headquartered in Santa Clara, California with engineering and R&D teams in Romania, Russia and Malaysia, until they were acquired by Intel, which was announced on July 12, 2018.

References

External links
The Big eASY - eASIC Debuts 45nm FPGA Killer by Kevin Morris, FPGA and Structured ASIC Journal 

Companies based in Santa Clara, California
1999 establishments in California
Electronics companies established in 1999
Intel acquisitions
Entropy (astrophysics). In astrophysics, what is referred to as "entropy" is actually the adiabatic constant derived as follows.

Using the first law of thermodynamics for a quasi-static, infinitesimal process for a hydrostatic system
   

For an ideal gas in this special case, the internal energy, U, is a function of only the temperature T; therefore the partial derivative of heat capacity with respect to T is identically the same as the full derivative, yielding through some manipulation
 

Further manipulation using the differential version of the ideal gas law, the previous equation, and assuming constant pressure, one finds
 

For an adiabatic process  and recalling ,  one finds
 {|
|
|-
|
|}

One can solve this simple differential equation to find
 

This equation is known as an expression for the adiabatic constant, K, also called the adiabat. From the ideal gas equation one also knows
 
where  is the Boltzmann constant.
Substituting this into the above equation along with  and  for an ideal monatomic gas one finds
 
where  is the mean molecular weight of the gas or plasma; and  is the mass of the hydrogen atom, which is extremely close to the mass of the proton, , the quantity more often used in astrophysical theory of galaxy clusters.
This is what astrophysicists refer to as "entropy" and has units of [keV⋅cm2]. This quantity relates to the thermodynamic entropy as

References 

Astrophysics
Entropy
Business rule mining. Business rule mining is the process of extracting essential intellectual business logic in the form of business rules from packaged or legacy software applications, recasting them in natural or formal language, and storing them in a source rule repository for further analysis or forward engineering. The goal is to capture these legacy business rules in a way that the business can validate, control and change them over time.

Overview 
Business rule mining supports a Business rules approach, which is defined as a formal way of managing and automating an organization's business rules so that the business behaves and evolves as its leaders intend. 

It is also commonly conducted as part of an application modernization project evolving legacy software applications to service-oriented architecture (SOA) solutions, transitioning to packaged software, redeveloping new in-house applications, or to facilitate knowledge retention and communication between business and IT professionals in a maintenance environment.

Alternative approaches 
Alternative approaches to rule mining are manual and automated. 

A manual approach involves the hand-writing of rules on the basis of subject matter expert interviews and the inspection of source code, job flows, data structures and observed behavior. 

Manually extracting rules is complicated by the difficulty of locating and understanding highly interdependent logic that has been interwoven into millions of lines of software code.  

An automated approach utilizes repository-based software to locate logical connections inherent within applications and extract them into a predetermined business rules format.

With automation, an effective approach is to apply semantic structures to existing applications.  By overlaying business contexts onto legacy applications, rules miners can focus effort on discovering rules from systems that are valuable to the business.  Effort is redirected away from mining commoditized or irrelevant applications.  

Further, best practices  coupled with various tool-assisted techniques of capturing programs’ semantics speeds the transformation of technical rules to true business rules.  Adding business semantics to the analysis process allows users to abstract technical concepts and descriptors that are normal in an application to a business level that is consumable by a rules analyst. 

System integrators, software vendors, rules mining practitioners, and in-house development teams have developed technologies, proprietary methodologies and industry-specific templates for application modernization and business rule mining.

See also 
 Business model
 Business process
 Business rules approach
 Expert system
 Service-level agreement (SLA)
 Business rule management system (BRMS)

References

Further reading 
 Barbara Von Halle (2001). Business Rules Applied. Wiley.

External links 

 Rule Mining best practices wikibook.

Business terms
Ursa tension leg platform. The Ursa tension leg platform is an oil platform with a tension leg structure located at  about  southeast of New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico.  It is operated by Shell. It has a total height from the seabed to its top of .

Shell is the operator of the project with 45.39%. BP has 22.69% while ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips each have 15.96%.

The discovery well was drilled in 1991, with Sonat's Discoverer Seven Seas drillship, on Mississippi Canyon block 854. Construction was finished in 1998.

The Ursa Tension Leg Platform was replaced as the tallest man-made structure in the world by the Magnolia Tension-leg Platform.

See also
 List of tallest buildings and structures in the world
 Troll A platform

References

External links
 The World’s tallest structure isn’t a skyscraper
 UTLP at Offshore-technology.com

Energy infrastructure completed in 2009
Oil platforms
Petroleum industry in the Gulf of Mexico
Energy infrastructure in Louisiana
Shell plc buildings and structures
BP buildings and structures
ExxonMobil buildings and structures
ConocoPhillips
Volt (disambiguation). Volt (symbol V) is the SI derived unit for electromotive force and potential difference, named after Alessandro Volta.

Volt or Volts may also refer to:

Electrical measurement 
 electron volt (eV), a unit of energy in physics
 volt-ampere (VA), a unit used to measure the apparent power in an electrical circuit
 volt-ampere reactive (var), a unit used to measure reactive power in an AC system
 Volt meter, instrument for measuring electrical potential
 Volt-ohm meter (VOM), instrument that combines several electrical measurement functions
 volt-second (V⋅s), more commonly the weber (Wb), a unit of magnetic flux
 Volts Center Tapped (VCT), a unit of voltage output of a center tapped transformer

Entertainment and media
 Ugo Volt, a computer game
 Volt, a Sonoma State University poetry magazine
 Volt (Dungeons & Dragons), a fictional creature
 Volt (Transformers), a fictional character
 Volt (TV series), French Canadian
 Volt Records
 Volts (album), an album by AC/DC
 Volt, an EP by Trip Shakespeare
 Volt, a character in Warframe

People 
 Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), the Italian physicist after whom the term volt is named
 John Volts (1825–1904?), a British critic, philosopher and writer.

Other uses
 Chevrolet Volt, an American plug-in hybrid automobile
 Volt Europa, a pro-European and federalist European political movement, often referred to as "Volt". Branches:

Volt Albania
Volt Austria
Volt Belgium
Volt Bulgaria
Volt Cyprus
Volt Czech Republic
Volt Denmark
Volt France
Volt Germany
Volt Greece
Volt Ireland
Volt Italy
Volt Luxembourg
Volt Malta
Volt Netherlands
Volt Portugal
Volt Romania
Volt Slovakia
Volt Spain
Volt Sweden
Volt Switzerland
Volt Ukraine
Volt UK
 Volt Technical Resources, a US recruiting company
 VoltDB, an in-memory database
 Volt, Nike company's name for the colour electric lime
 Former Volt Bank, Australia

See also 
 Voltage (disambiguation)
 Megavolt (disambiguation)
 Ampere (disambiguation)
Sodium fluorosilicate. Sodium fluorosilicate is a compound with the chemical formula Na2[SiF6]. Unlike other sodium salts, it has a low solubility in water.

Natural occurrence
Sodium hexafluorosilicate occurs naturally as the rare mineral malladrite found within some volcanic fumaroles.

Manufacturing
Sodium fluorosilicate is made by neutralizing fluorosilicic acid with sodium chloride or sodium sulfate.

H2[SiF6] + 2 NaCl → Na2[SiF6] + 2 HCl

Possible application 
Sodium fluorosilicate is used in some countries as additives for water fluoridation, opal glass raw material, ore refining, or other fluoride chemical (like sodium fluoride, magnesium silicofluoride, cryolite, aluminum fluoride) production.

It also is an ingredient in some ceramic cements.

See also

 Fluorosilicic acid
 Ammonium fluorosilicate

References 

Sodium compounds
Hexafluorosilicates
Type 75 130 mm multiple rocket launcher. The  was developed to carry the 130 mm rocket system developed by the Aerospace Division of the Nissan Motor Company. It used the suspension, tracks and diesel engine of the Type 73 armored personnel carrier. Komatsu was responsible for the chassis and Nissan's Aerospace Division for the launcher and its rockets. 15 Type 75 wind measurement vehicles were built on the same chassis to provide weather information for the rockets.

In 2001 Japan reported to the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs that 61 Type 75s were in service as well as 13 wind measurement vehicles. It is being gradually replaced by American designed license-built 227 mm M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System. According to Jane's only about 20 are left in service as of 2008.

Description
The Type 75 has a welded aluminum hull, with a crew of three (driver, commander and operator) sitting towards the front of the vehicle, with the driver sitting on the left, the commander on the right and the rocket operator sitting behind the commander. A single 12.7 mm (0.5 in) M2 Browning anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the commander's hatch. A launcher for 30 rockets is fitted on the rear of the vehicle's hull. The rockets are fin-stabilized, with a  warhead and have a range of up to . They can be fired individually or in a 12-second ripple.

Notes

References 
 Chant, Christopher. A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware. New York and London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987 , p. 120-1

External links
 an excerpt from Jane's Armour and Artillery 2008

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
Tracked self-propelled rocket launchers
Artillery of Japan
Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s
Methyl cyanoacrylate. Methyl cyanoacrylate (MCA; also sometimes referred to as α-cyanoacrylate or alpha-cyanoacrylate) is an organic compound that contains several functional groups: a methyl ester, a nitrile, and an alkene. It is a colorless liquid with low viscosity. Its chief use is as the main component of cyanoacrylate glues. It can be encountered under many trade names. Methyl cyanoacrylate is less commonly encountered than ethyl cyanoacrylate.

It is soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, and dichloromethane.  MCA polymerizes rapidly in presence of moisture.

Safety
Heating the polymer causes depolymerization of the cured MCA, producing gaseous products which are a strong irritant to the lungs and eyes.
With regard to occupational exposure to MCA, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends workers do not exceed exposures over 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift, or over 4 ppm (16 mg/m3) over a short-term exposure.

References

Methyl esters
Cyanoacrylate esters
Monomers
Lachrymatory agents
Octyl cyanoacrylate. Octyl cyanoacrylate (OCA), a cyanoacrylate ester, is an octyl ester of 2-cyano-2-propenoic acid. It is a clear colorless liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Its chief use is as the main component of medical cyanoacrylate glues.

In medical and veterinary applications, OCA, n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and isobutyl cyanoacrylate (ICA) are commonly used. They provide rapid wound closure, are bacteriostatic, and their use is usually painless. Butyl esters provide a stronger bond, but the glue is rigid. The octyl ester, while providing weaker bond, is more flexible. Blends of OCA and n-BCA are available which offer both flexibility and a strong bond.

It polymerizes rapidly in presence of moisture.

Heating to higher temperatures causes pyrolysis and depolymerization of the cured glue, producing gaseous products strongly irritating to the lungs and eyes.

References

See also
 Methyl cyanoacrylate
 Ethyl cyanoacrylate
 Butyl cyanoacrylate
 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate

Cyanoacrylate esters
Monomers
Octyl esters
Image Packaging System. The Image Packaging System, also known as IPS, is a cross-platform package management system created by the OpenSolaris community in coordination with Sun Microsystems. It is used by Solaris 11 and several Illumos-based distributions: OpenIndiana, OmniOS, XStreamOS and a growing number of layered applications, including GlassFish, across a variety of Operating System platforms. IPS is coded in the Python programming language.

Features
IPS enables a superuser to search for, install, and remove software packages from the Solaris system.
 Use of ZFS, allowing multiple boot environments and easy package operation rollbacks
 Transactional actions
 Support for multiple platform architectures within a single package
 Legacy support for SVR4 packages
 Extensive search grammar
 Remote search capability
 Changes-only based package updates
 Network package repository
 File and network-based package publication
 Package operation history
 On-disk package format (p5p)
 Multi-platform ports for layered applications:
 Broad platform support: Windows, Linux, OS X, Darwin, Solaris, OpenSolaris, Illumos and AIX
 Cross-platform update notification and package management Graphical user interfaces.

Considerations 
Due to the fact that IPS delivers each file in a separate shelf with a separate checksum, a package update only needs to replace files that have been modified. When dealing with ELF binaries, IPS computes checksums only from the loaded parts of an ELF binary. This means in practice that when only the ELF comment section has been changed, there would be no need to update it. However, this method of delivery can cause slower operation when the input source is on a medium with high latency (e.g. internet with higher round trip time or CD/DVD media with slow seeks).

References

External links 
 GitHub Project: Image Packaging System
 Multi-Platform Packaging for Layered Distros
 GlassFish Update Center Toolkit 
  Update Center 2.0 (multiplatform IPS) 

OpenSolaris
Free package management systems
Sun Microsystems software
Unix package management-related software
Free software programmed in Python