omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Compensated gross tonnage. Compensated Gross Tonnage (CGT) is an indicator of the amount of work that is necessary to build a given ship and is calculated by multiplying the tonnage of a ship by a coefficient, which is determined according to type and size of a particular ship. 

The standard CGT system was developed in 1977 by the OECD so that inter-country shipbuilding output could be reasonably compared, as different types of ships require a greater or lesser degree of work relative to their gross tonnage.  For example, passenger ferry of a given size would require substantially more work to build than a bulk carrier of the same size due to the differing design requirements, internal structure, and required level of detail, but simply comparing the gross tonnage or deadweight of each ship would incorrectly show that they took the same amount of work.  When expanded on a national scale, this difference could greatly mislead people as to the actual maritime production capacity of a given country.

The formula to calculate CGT was revised by the OECD in 2007.

References

External links 
OECD: CGT system 2007 Revision of 2007 and calculation formula

Shipbuilding
Ship measurements
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate. Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate is a salt with the formula [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6. It is a colourless solid that is used in the synthesis of other copper complexes. The cation [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ is a well-known example of a transition metal nitrile complex.

Structure
As confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies, the copper(I) ion is coordinated to four almost linear acetonitrile ligands in a nearly ideal tetrahedral geometry.  Similar complexes with other anions including the perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, and nitrate are known.

Synthesis
The cation was first reported in 1923 with a nitrate anion as a byproduct of the reduction of silver nitrate with a suspension of copper powder in acetonitrile. [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 is generally produced by the addition of HPF6 to a suspension of copper(I) oxide in acetonitrile:
Cu2O + 2 HPF6 + 8 CH3CN → 2 [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 + H2O
The reaction is highly exothermic, and may bring the solution to a boil. Upon crystallization, the resulting microcrystals should be white, though a blue tinge is common, indicating the presence of Cu2+ impurities.

Reactions and applications
The acetonitrile ligands protect the Cu+ ion from oxidation to Cu2+, but are rather poorly bound: with other counterions, the complex forms di- and tri-acetonitrilo complexes and is also a useful source of unbound Cu(I).  

Water-immiscible organic nitriles have been shown to selectively extract Cu(I) from aqueous chloride solutions. Through this method, copper can be separated from a mixture of other metals.  Dilution of acetonitrile solutions with water induces disproportionation:
2 [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ + 6 H2O → [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + Cu + 8 CH3CN

See also 

 Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate

References

Copper complexes
Hexafluorophosphates
Ethyl iodoacetate. Ethyl iodoacetate is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a derivative of ethyl acetate. Under normal conditions, the compound is a clear, light yellow to orange liquid.

Applications
Used by the British during World War I, it was codenamed SK gas, for the initials of South Kensington, where it was developed.

Like many alkyl iodides, ethyl iodoacetate is an alkylating agent, which makes it useful in organic synthesis, yet toxic. Ethyl iodoacetate is also a lachrymatory agent.

References

Lachrymatory agents
Organoiodides
Ethyl esters
Iodoacetates
Oleg Baklanov. Oleg Dmitriyevich Baklanov (, ; 17 March 1932 – 28 July 2021) was a Soviet politician, and high functionary in government and industry. He was a scientist and businessman. As Minister of General Machine Building, he was responsible for the Soviet space industry during the 1980s.

Biography 
Baklanov worked in an instrument engineering factory in Kharkov, Soviet Ukraine, and later became chief of the factory. He was appointed Engineering Industry Minister of the Soviet Union in 1983 and was a deputy to the Supreme Soviet from 1981 to 1991.

Baklanov was a secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from February 1988 to April 1991 and was responsible for defense issues in this role. He was a member of the State Committee on the State of Emergency during the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.

From March until his arrest on August 23, 1991, he was the First Deputy Chairman of the Defense Council under the President of the Soviet Union (he was formally dismissed from office a month after his arrest).

Baklanov was brutally beaten and arrested by the security police for his role in the 1991 coup d'état attempt. He was released on recognizance not to leave in January 1993 and amnestied by the State Duma in 1994. After his release, he became the chairman of the board of governors at the Rosobshemash company.

Death 
Baklanov died on 28 July 2021, and was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery on 30 July. Prior to his death he was the last surviving member of the State Committee on the State of Emergency.

External links

Honours and awards
 Hero of Socialist Labour (1976)
 Order of Lenin (1976)
 Order of the October Revolution
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice
 Order of the Badge of Honour (1960)
 Lenin Prize (1982)
 Chairman of the Society of Friendship and cooperation between the peoples of Ukraine and Russia
 Member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky
 International Academy of Information Technology
 Academician of the Academy of Security, Defence and Law Enforcement.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Russian engineers
Politicians from Kharkiv
Members of the Secretariat of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Secretariat of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
State Committee on the State of Emergency members
Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Soviet engineers
Burials at the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery
Vickers Vireo. The Vickers Vireo was an experimental low wing all-metal monoplane built to explore both all-metal service aircraft and the use of catapult launched ship board fighters.  Only one was built.

Development
The Vickers-Wibault construction method was based on the patents of Michel Wibault, who began working with Vickers in 1922.  It was a way of producing an all-metal aircraft with an airframe built up from simple, non-machined metal shapes, covered by very thin  corrugated light alloy sheets. On the wings, the corrugations were aligned along the chord and longitudinally on the fuselage. The resulting fuselage was not monocoque but was internally braced and the skin on the wings was not stressed.  Panels were riveted to each other and to the underlying structure.  Vickers first experience of the method was with the licence built Wibault Scout.  The first Vickers design using this construction was the Vireo.

The Vireo (named after a Latin word thought to mean Greenfinch) was built to Air Ministry specification 17/25, intended to evaluate both all-metal aircraft and low powered, catapult launched, carrier borne fighters.  It was a low-winged single-engined monoplane of rather angular appearance with a flat-sided, deep fuselage except immediately aft of the engine.  Forward of the overwing open cockpit the nose fell away, giving it a slightly humped look.  The flying surfaces were all without external bracing; the wing was tapered, of deep section and incorporated twin machine guns.  The horizontal stabiliser had a straight leading edge but tapered at the rear.  There was a square topped, balanced rudder but no fin.

The Vireo was powered by an uncowled  Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IV radial engine, driving a two-bladed propeller.  The specification called for the fitting of either wheels or floats and both were used, though the Vireo took its Ministry tests as a landplane.  These tests began at RAF Martlesham Heath a month after the initial flights in March 1928. The long gap between the tender submission in December 1925 and the first flight was partly because the novel structure had undergone structural and aerodynamic tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment.  There were a few minor incidents during the tests but more serious was a tendency to drop heavily at touchdown, which led to some rear fuselage damage.  This was later attributed to root interference of the highly cambered wing leading to nasty stall characteristics.  Nevertheless, by July the Vireo was on board  for deck landing trials.

The Air Ministry's interest in low-powered on-board fighters, catapult-launched to compensate for their small engines, waned when the Vireo proved no faster than the conventional ship board aircraft like the Fairey IIIF.  The Vireo experience gave Vickers enough confidence in all-metal fighters to proceed with their later Jockey and Venom designs.

Specifications

References

 
 
 

1920s British fighter aircraft
Vireo
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1928
Low-wing aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Monocoupe 110 Special. The Monocoupe 110 Special is a United States sporting and racing aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s.

Development

The Monocoupe 110 was developed from the Monocoupe 90 using the higher-powered 110 h.p. Warner Scarab radial engine housed in a cowling with bulges to accommodate the larger power unit.

The Monocoupe 110 Special variant of 1931 was built to meet the needs of racing pilots.  The wingspan was shortened from the standard 32 ft to 23 ft, a 125 h.p. Warner Scarab was installed and fairings and wheel spats added.  Maximum speed increased from 150 mph to 220 mph. Seven of the Specials were built by Monocoupe and three further aircraft were modified to a similar standard by homebuilders.

The last Model 110 Special to be completed in 1941 was N36Y "Little Butch", which re-entered the airshow circuit in 1946, powered by a 185 h.p. Warner Super Scarab engine. The aircraft flew displays until 1981 and was then donated to the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.

The Monocoupe 110 Special is being reintroduced and being built in Grantville, Pennsylvania, by the Monocoupe Aeroplane Corporation.

Specifications (Monocoupe 110 Special)

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Specifications and history at Aerofiles
 History at Virginia Aviation Museum

1930s United States civil utility aircraft
Racing aircraft
Aerobatic aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1931
110
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Single-engined piston aircraft
Audiography. Audiography ("writing sound") within Indian-style filmmaking, is the audio engineering performed by the sound department of a film or TV production; this includes sound recording, editing, mixing and sound design (formerly sound effects laying) but excludes musical composition, songwriting and choreography.

An audiographer is responsible for more aspects of sound in film production than their more specialised Western world counterpart. The responsibilities include production sound recording, dialogue editing, sound supervising, sound effects editing (sound design), ADR editing, Foley editing and sound mixing (dubbing), re-recording and mastering the sound to specified speculation to required media. 

A degree or diploma in audiography or audio electronics are the usual qualifications for the job.

See also 
Director of audiography
National Film Award for Best Audiography

Film sound production
Frederick William Cappelen. Frederick William Cappelen (October 21, 1857 – October 16, 1921) was a Norwegian-born architect and civil engineer who held the office of Minneapolis City Engineer.

Frederick William Cappelen was born in Drammen, Norway. He attended school in Fredrikstad in Østfold county, Norway.
He was educated at the Technical School in Örebro, Sweden and then at the Royal Saxon Polytechnicum (now Dresden University of Technology) in Dresden, Germany before emigrating to the United States in 1880.

Cappelen was initially employed by the Northern Pacific Railroad and in 1886 became a City of Minneapolis bridge engineer. He was elected City Engineer in 1893 and re-elected in 1913. He held membership in the American Society of Municipal Improvements and the Minneapolis Society of Engineers. He was elected a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers on April 3, 1895.

Cappelen was responsible for the design of many public works buildings in Minneapolis, for example the Prospect Park Water Tower, the Kenwood Park Water Tower, and the Cappelen Memorial Bridge, which is named in honor of him.

Cappelen died during the construction of the bridge on February 16, 1921 following an operation for appendicitis. As a memorial to his life and career, the city council decided immediately after Cappelen's death to name the bridge in his honor. The bridge still bears his name.

References

1857 births
1921 deaths
People from Drammen
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
American civil engineers
Frederick William
Architects from Minneapolis
TU Dresden alumni
Neoparium. Neoparium, also known as Neopariés, is a glass material made in Japan by Nippon Electric Glass. Described as "crystalized glass ceramic," it was developed as an architectural cladding material for use in harsh environments. Typical units are 5/8" thick in a number of opaque colors. Panels can be fabricated with curves.

The material was most notably used to replace failing marble cladding on the BMA Tower in Kansas City, Missouri, where material replacement was reviewed for compliance with National Register of Historic Places status. Another use was cladding Marco Polo House, an office building built in 1987 in the Victorian district of Battersea, London.

References

External links
 Neopariés at TGP Architectural
 Neopariés crystallized glass cladding on Selector

Building materials
Columbus Ironworks. The Columbus Ironworks (also known as the Columbus Georgia Convention & Trade Center) was built in 1853. It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1969. During the Civil War, the industrial plant produced weapons for the Confederate army. These weapons included cannons, pistols, rifles, and swords.

Today, it is used as an event center. Recurring events include local high school dances or dinners, Christmas in the South (a three-day Christmas sale), NerdaCon and concerts. In addition to hosting events, the center displays artifacts and factoids from its days as a factory.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Columbus, Georgia
Historic American Engineering Record in Georgia (U.S. state)
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)
National Register of Historic Places in Muscogee County, Georgia
MicroSPARC. The microSPARC (code-named Tsunami) is a discontinued microprocessor implementing the SPARC V8 instruction set architecture (ISA), developed by Sun Microsystems. It is a low-end microprocessor intended for low-end workstations and embedded systems. The microprocessor was developed by Sun, but the floating-point unit (FPU) was licensed from  Meiko Scientific. It contains 800,000 transistors.  It was used in the SPARCclassic and SPARCstation LX among others.

There are two variants of the microSPARC-II (code-named Swift): the microSPARC-II and microSPARC-IIep. The microSPARC-II is used in the SPARCstation 5. The microSPARC-IIep is a 100 MHz microSPARC-II with an integrated PCI controller for embedded systems. It was developed and fabricated by LSI Logic for Sun, and used in their JavaStation Network Computer.

References 

 Sun Microsystems, Inc. (10 August 1992). "Highly Integrated SPARC Processor Implementation (Tsunami)". Hot Chips presentation.'

Sun microprocessors
SPARC microprocessors
32-bit microprocessors
Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone. Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone () is a state-level economic development zone in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. The zone was established in 2000. It is located at North Gate of Xi'an with its developed area of 4.9 square kilometres.

The zone attracts many foreign investments in there, such as Coca-Cola, General Motors, HP, Mitsubishi Electric, ABB Group, Rolls-Royce, Taikoo Group, Siemens and Ting Hsin. The pillar industries in there include mechanicals, electronics, light industry, foods, bio-pharmaceuticals, new materials and high-tech products.

References

External links
Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese Version)

2000 establishments in China
Economy of Xi'an
Special Economic Zones of China
2000 in Xi'an
ATMP. ATMP or aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) is a phosphonic acid with chemical formula N(CH2PO3H2)3. It is a colorless solid. Its conjugate bases, such as [N(CH2PO3H)3]3-, have chelating properties.

ATMP can be synthesized from the Mannich-type reaction of ammonia, formaldehyde, and phosphorous acid, in a manner similar to the Kabachnik–Fields reaction.

Properties
ATMP has good antiscale performance.  It is related structurally to nitrilotriacetic acid.

Applications
 Detergents and cleaning agents
 Fouling 
 Inhibition
 Water treatment

Related compounds
(1-Aminoethylidene)bisphosphonic acid, , also a chelating agent
Etidronic acid, , also a chelating agent
Glyphosate, , a herbicide

References

Phosphonic acids
Chelating agents
AMD Dragon. AMD Dragon is a platform engineered for gamers, designed for use with the AMD Phenom II X4 processor family. The goal for the platform is to offer the user a powerful gaming system.

Having a level 3 cache memory of 6 megabytes and support for the latest DDR3 memories, AMD claims the Dragon platform will allow for up to 20 percent faster performance than previous platforms.

The first versions are available for mainboards offering an AM2+ socket, supporting DDR2 memories, but the AM3 socket using DDR3 memory will be the primary socket type for the Dragon platform.

A system conforming to the platform specification was said to be a combination of a Phenom II X4 processor and a mainboard using a chipset from the AMD 700 chipset series, along with a graphics card of the ATI Radeon HD 4800 series. Pre-built systems using the platform were offered by Dell, HP and Alienware among others.

References

External links 
AMD Dragon website (English)

AMD platforms
Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders. Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) is a system to assist first responders in identification of hazardous materials during a response.  The system was created by the United States National Library of Medicine. The system was discontinued in 2023.

Capabilities
WISER has the most likely encountered entries from the Hazardous Substance Data Bank.  It simplifies the data with an interface to easily help identify unknown substances.  Known substances can be searched for through a variety of different means including: UN number, CAS number, and Science Transportation Commodity Code (STCC) number.  The system provides health effects, an overview of treatments and occupational exposure levels.  Additional tools are available including the Emergency Response Guidebook and a Weapon of Mass Destruction Guidebook.

Platforms
WISER has a downloadable application on Microsoft Windows PCs, Windows Mobile devices and Palm OS PDAs.  It is also a browser-based application (WebWISER) for both PDA and PC based browsers.

References

External links
WISER at the National Library of Medicine

Emergency management software
Windows Embedded Automotive. Windows Embedded Automotive (formerly Microsoft Auto, Windows CE for Automotive, Windows Automotive, and Windows Mobile for Automotive) is a discontinued operating system that was part of the Windows Embedded family and  based on Windows CE for use on computer systems in automobiles. The operating system is developed by Microsoft through the Microsoft Automotive Business Unit that formed in August 1995. The first automotive product built by Microsoft's Automotive Business Unit debuted on December 4, 1998 as the AutoPC, and also includes Ford Sync, Kia Connect, and Blue&Me. Microsoft's Automotive Business Unit has built both the software platforms used for automotive devices as well as the devices themselves. The current focus is on the software platforms and includes two products, Microsoft Auto and Windows Automotive.

History
The Windows Embedded Automotive operating system was originally shipped with the AutoPC that was jointly developed by Microsoft and Clarion. The system was released in December 1998, and referred to the operating system itself as "Auto PC". Microsoft's Auto PC platform was based on Windows CE 2.0, and had been announced in January of that year.

On October 16, 2000, Microsoft officially announced the next version of the platform. This version of the operating system was renamed to "Windows CE for Automotive" and had new applications preinstalled like the Microsoft Mobile Explorer.

On October 21, 2002, Microsoft announced that the platform would be renamed to "Windows Automotive". The version added support for development using the .NET Compact Framework.

Windows Automotive 4.2 reached General Availability on June 1, 2003 and Windows Automotive 5.0 reached GA on August 8, 2005.

With the release of Ford Sync, Microsoft renamed the platform from "Windows Mobile for Automotive" to "Microsoft Auto".

Microsoft again renamed the operating system as "Windows Embedded Automotive", and updated its version to 7 on October 19, 2010. This is the latest in MS Auto category, and is based on the Windows CE platform.

Windows Embedded Automotive 7 reached GA on March 1, 2011.

In December 2014, Ford announced that the company would be replacing Microsoft Auto with BlackBerry Limited's QNX.

References

External links
Windows Embedded Automotive official website

Windows Embedded Automotive
Windows CE
Discontinued versions of Microsoft Windows
Embedded Automotive
Charles DeVlieg. Charles B. DeVlieg, called Charlie or CB (1892–1973) was a pioneering tool designer who founded the DeVlieg Machine Tool Company in Michigan.

He developed a series of increasingly precise horizontal boring machines which culminated in the JIGMIL.  This was so accurate that it did not require expensive jigs and was adopted extensively throughout industry, selling 4,500 units. The first JIGMIL is now in the Henry Ford Museum and Charles DeVlieg has entered the Machine Tool Hall of Fame.

He founded the DeVlieg Foundation in 1961, a charity which promoted engineering education.

References

1892 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American engineers