omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Junkers J 15. The Junkers J 15 was an all-metal monoplane built in Germany in 1920 to explore the design parameters of small single-engined passenger transports.  In particular, it could fly in either high or low wing configurations. It led to the Junkers J 16 light airliner.

Design and development

With the exception of the J 4 biplane, all Junkers aircraft were monoplanes and all those built before 1920 were low-wing aircraft. Junkers had been successful with their four-passenger J 13 and believed there was a market for a smaller aircraft carrying just two passengers and using a smaller engine than the J 13. The J 15 was built to optimise the low power, small aircraft configuration and in particular to provide data on whether it should have a high or low wing.

The Junkers J 15 was a single-engined cantilever winged monoplane with an all-metal structure of Duralumin tubing skinned with corrugated Duralumin, a method used in all previous Junkers aircraft from the J 9 onwards. It was first flown with a low-set wing with the high thickness-chord ratio typical of Junkers. The wing was only slightly tapered and blunt tipped, with short, wide chord ailerons at the wing tips which curved out behind the trailing edge proper. When reconfigured as a high wing machine, the wing was attached just above the fuselage by short struts.

The fuselage was deep, giving the J 15 a tubby look, with the two passengers in a windowed internal cabin above the wing.  The pilot sat well behind them and clear of the trailing edge of the wing, in an open cockpit. The tailplane was mounted on the top of the fuselage and a small triangular fin carried a rudder that extended down to the bottom of the fuselage, moving in a cut-out between the elevators. The J 15 was powered by a 158 hp (118 kW) upright inline Mercedes D.IIIa engine driving a four-blade propeller. The fixed main undercarriage had a pair of main wheels each mounted on V-legs splayed out from the fuselage bottom and interconnected by linked axles braced by a pair of centre line struts.

The sole J 15 was complete by the autumn of 1920, but was moved to the Netherlands for its first flight in early 1921 to avoid the restrictions on German aircraft production imposed by the Allies after their victory in World War I. After flying as a low-wing monoplane the wing was moved to the high position and the low fuselage wing roots skinned over with corrugated Duralumin, leaving the profile visible. The high wing configuration was judged superior and adopted for the larger and heavier J 16 production two passenger machine. The J 16 was also influenced by the J 15 trials in having a cockpit immediately ahead of the wings, as the take off view from the mid fuselage cockpit of the latter was poor with high set wings, and by the addition of aerodynamic balances to elevators and rudder.

Specifications

References

J 015
1920s German civil aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
High-wing aircraft
McMyler-Interstate Company. The McMyler-Interstate Company, a pioneer in the design, development, and manufacturing of ore- and coal-handling equipment as well as a manufacturer of heavy industrial equipment, was established in 1910 as the result of a consolidation of four companies in the city of Bedford, Ohio:
 The Excelsior Iron Works, dating back to the 1870s
 The McMyler Manufacturing Co., dating back to the 1880s
 Kaltenbach & Griess, Consulting and Contracting Engineers, formed in 1897
 The Interstate Engineering Co., organized in 1902
Just after World War I, a 350-ton capacity hammerhead crane was ordered for the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Designed and built in Bedford in 1919, the crane was called the "League Island Crane" by its builder. Weighing 3,500 tons, the crane was shipped to the Navy yard in sections. At the time, it was the world's largest crane. The League Island Crane was for many years the Navy's largest crane.

Hog Island Cranes
League Island Crane

References

History of Ohio
Crane manufacturers
Bedford, Ohio
Manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Apache Aries. Apache Aries is a project that provides Blueprint Container implementations and extensions for application-focused specifications defined by the OSGi Enterprise Expert Group. The project aims to deliver a set of pluggable Java components that enable an enterprise OSGi application programming model. The Aries project content includes the following:
 WAR to Web Application Bundle Converter
 Blueprint Container
 Java Persistence API integration
 Java Transaction API integration
 Java Management Extensions
 Java Naming and Directory Interface integration
 Application Assembly and Deployment
 Apache Maven Plugin
 META-INF/services handler
 Samples, tutorials, documentation, and integrator's guide

See also
Virgo (software)

References

External links

EV Web Directory

Aries
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
2010 Air Service Berlin Douglas C-47 crash. On 19 June 2010, a vintage Douglas C-47 Skytrain aircraft crashed shortly after take-off from Berlin Schönefeld Airport for a sightseeing flight over Berlin, which was operated by Air Service Berlin, a provider of event flights. There were no fatalities, but seven of the 28 passengers and crew were injured.

Aircraft
The aircraft involved was a Douglas C-47 Skytrain (registered D-CXXX, serial number 16124/32872), a preserved Raisin bomber. It had been built in 1944 and was powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 engines. It had participated in the 1948–49 Berlin Airlift. The importance  of the airlift for Berlin led to it being acquired for sightseeing flights in 2000. The aircraft was one of the last two aircraft to take off from Berlin Tempelhof Airport (one of the Airlift airports) when it was closed on 30 October 2008.

Accident
At at around 15:00 local time, shortly after take-off from Berlin Schönefeld Airport for a sightseeing flight over the city centre of Berlin, the left engine failed and the aircraft was unable to gain height. The pilots went into a left turn and set down the aircraft into a field near the construction site for the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport. Three crew members and 25 passengers were on board (among them Stefan Kaufmann, a Bundestag member), all of whom were able to leave the aircraft unassisted. Seven people were injured, four of whom were taken to hospital. Schönefeld Airport was closed for fifteen minutes while its emergency services attended the crash scene. A fire that arose from spilled fuel was put out by the airport's firefighters.

Aftermath
The C-47 aircraft suffered substantial damage to its tail and port wing. Nevertheless, due to its historic significance (and because it was the signature airframe of the company), Air Service Berlin stated it intended a complete repair and restoration. Donations towards the cost of the restoration had been received from across the world, including a symbolic 100 USD from Gail Halvorsen, the pilot who is attributed to having started the dropping of sweets for children from aircraft participating in the Berlin Airlift. The damaged port wing was later salvaged and sold as limited edition Aviationtags.

References

Aviation in Berlin
2010 in Germany
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2010
Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Aviation accidents and incidents in Germany
2010 in Berlin
June 2010 in Germany
Kronfeld Monoplane. The Kronfeld Monoplane was a 1930s British ultra-light aircraft designed by Robert Kronfeld, only one was built.

Design and development
Designed as a successor to the company's Kronfeld Drone, the Monoplane was a single-seat parasol monoplane powered by a  Carden-Ford converted car engine. The Monoplane, registered G-AESG, was built and first flown at Hanworth Aerodrome in 1937. With the start of the Second World War a second unfinished Monoplane and the prototype were scrapped.

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

1930s British sport aircraft
Parasol-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ekulu River. The River Ekulu is a  long river and the largest body of water in the city of Enugu in Enugu State, southeastern Nigeria, and it originates in the same city as well.

River Ekulu (River Ekulu) is a stream (class H - Hydrographic) in Nigeria Africa with the region font code of Africa/Middle East.

Its coordinates are 6°25'0"N and 7°36'0" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 6.41667 and 7.6 (in decimal). Its UTM position is LN40 and its Joint Operation Graphics reference is NB32-06 code of Africa/Middle East.

Pollution 
The Ekulu River basin is entirely within the built-up areas of Enugu and as a result, a wide range of economic and human  activities generate pollutants that  pollute the river on a daily basis as the river serves as a contains wastewater.

Climate 
Ekulu  River is a small stream in Enugu, Nigeria of  the Africa/Middle East. Its Climate temperature are 6°25'0" N and 7°36'0" E in DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) or 6.41667 and 7.6. Its UTM position is LN40 and its Joint Operation Graphics reference is NB32-06. Current local time is 07:55; the sun rises at 08:46 and sets at 20:53 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). The standard time zone for River Ekulu is UTC/GMT+1

References

Rivers of Nigeria
Enugu
SS Orlanda. Orlanda was a cargo ship that was built in 1920 by F Krupp AG, Emden for German owners. She was seized by the Allies in Hamburg, in May 1945, passed to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Conington. In 1946, she was allocated to the Newfoundland Government. In 1949, she was sold to Panama and renamed Alabe. She served until 1958, when she was scrapped.

Description
The ship was built in 1920 by F Krupp, AG, Emden.

The ship was  long, with a beam of . She had a depth of . The ship had a GRT of 1,288 and a NRT of 628.

The ship was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke. The engine was built by Krupp.

History
Orlanda was built for Rhederei AG von 1896, Hamburg. In 1927, she was sold to Hanseatische Dampschiffs Gesellschaft, Hamburg. Her port of registry was Hamburg. The Code Letters RBCV were allocated. On 20 November 1932, Orlanda ran aground at Mannskar, Finland whilst on a voyage from Vaasa to Mäntyluoto, Finland. She was refloated without assistance. In 1933, Orlanda was sold to Argo Reederei AG, Bremen. Her Code Letters were changed to DHSO in 1934. Argo Reederei AG became Argo Reederei Richard Adler & Co in 1937. On 19 March 1935, Orlanda was in collision with  in the River Weser, Germany. In May 1945, Orlanda was seized by the Allies at Hamburg. She was passed to the MoWT and renamed Empire Conington. She was placed under the management of G Gibson & Co Ltd. Her port of registry was changed to London. The Code Letters GMYP and United Kingdom Official Number 180676 were allocated.

In 1946, Empire Conington was allocated to the Government of Newfoundland. She was operated by the Railways and Steamships Department. In 1949, Empire Conington was sold to Société Anonyme Maritime et Commerciale, Panama and was renamed Alabe. She served until 1958 when she was scrapped in Sunderland, United Kingdom.

References

1920 ships
Ships built in Emden
Steamships of Germany
Merchant ships of Germany
World War II merchant ships of Germany
Ministry of War Transport ships
Empire ships
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Steamships of Canada
Merchant ships of Canada
Steamships of Panama
Merchant ships of Panama
Carroll Morgan (computer scientist). Charles Carroll Morgan (born 1952) is an American computer scientist who moved to Australia in his early teens. He completed his education there (high school, university, several years in industry), including a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree from the University of Sydney, and then moved to the United Kingdom in the early 1980s. In 2000, he returned to Australia.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Morgan was based at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory in England as a researcher and lecturer working in the area of formal methods, and was a Fellow of Pembroke College. Having been influenced by the Z notation of Jean-Raymond Abrial, he authored Programming from Specifications as an attempt to combine the high-level specification aspects of Z, with the rigorous computer program derivation methods of Edsger W. Dijkstra. His treatment concentrated on elementary program constructs to make the material accessible to undergraduates in their early years. Some of the ideas there were later incorporated as elements of the B-Method by Abrial, when Abrial returned to Oxford in the last half of the 1980s.

Together with Annabelle McIver, Morgan later authored Abstraction, Refinement and Proof for Probabilistic Systems, in which the same themes were pursued for probabilistic programs. His most recent text (with five others) is The Science of Quantitative Information Flow, in which the same themes were extended further, to program security.

Morgan is now professor emeritus in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of New South Wales, a Senior Principal Researcher at Trustworthy Systems  and an Honorary Professor at Macquarie University, all three in Australia. His main research interests are probabilistic models for computer security and concurrency. He is a known proponent of a formalized approach to program development called the refinement calculus. He has authored many papers.

He is involved with developing international standards in programming and informatics, as an active member of several International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) working groups, including IFIP Working Group 2.1 on Algorithmic Languages and Calculi, which specified, maintains, and supports the programming languages ALGOL 60 and ALGOL 68.

References

External links
 
 

1952 births
Living people
People from Washington, D.C.
American expatriates in Australia
University of Sydney alumni
Australian computer scientists
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Academic staff of the University of New South Wales
Formal methods people
Mechanics of human sexuality. The mechanics of human sexuality or mechanics of sex, or more formally the biomechanics of human sexuality, is the study of the mechanics related to human sexual activity. Examples of topics include the biomechanical study of the strength of vaginal tissues and the biomechanics of male erectile function. The mechanics of sex under limit circumstances, such as sexual activity at zero-gravity in outer space, are also being studied.

Pioneering researchers studied the male and female genitals during coitus (penile-vaginal penetration) with ultrasound technology in 1992 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 1999, mapping the anatomy of the activity and taking images illustrating the fit of male and female genitals. In the research using MRI, researchers imaged couples performing coitus inside an MRI machine. The magnetic resonance images also showed that the penis has the shape of a boomerang, that one third of its length consists of the root of the penis, and that the vaginal walls wrap snugly around it. Moreover, MRI during coitus indicate that the internal part of the clitoris is stimulated by penile-vaginal movements. These studies highlight the role of the clitoris and indicate that what is termed the G-spot may only exist because the highly innervated clitoris is pulled closely to the anterior wall of the vagina when the woman is sexually aroused and during vaginal penetration.

References

Further reading

Biomechanics
Human sexuality
Kinect Joy Ride. Kinect Joy Ride is a racing game for Xbox 360 and a launch title for its Kinect hardware in 2010. The game was developed by BigPark and published by Microsoft Game Studios.

Gameplay
Playing as a person's Avatar, the game is controlled by the player holding their arms out as if they are grabbing an invisible steering wheel, and turning them in such a manner to steer. Pushing hips forward allows the player to drift, while pulling the 'wheel' towards the player and then pushing forward produces a chargeable turbo boost. While airborne, players can perform various tricks such as twists and spins for extra points. As players progress, they will earn fans, which unlock content, such as new tracks and game modes. Game modes include Races, Battles, Stunt, Trick modes and more. The game can be played with either two players locally or up to eight players online via Xbox Live (internet connection required for Xbox Live Multiplayer). Two free downloadable content packages are available which provide players with stylized versions of the Chevrolet Camaro, Cruze, Corvette and Volt.

Development and release 
Formerly known simply as Joyride, the game was initially announced at E3 2009 with the intention of it being released as a free Xbox Live Arcade title later that year. However it was eventually moved to 2010 and was made into a full retail title for the Kinect hardware.

Reception

The game has received mixed reviews from critics. The game received a rating of 6/10 from IGN, criticizing the loose controls and inconsistencies with the boost mechanic. Most reviewers agreed that, although Kinect Joy Ride offered lightweight fun, it was not a very satisfying game compared to the other launch titles, and easily forgettable. Video game talk show Good Game'''s two presenters gave the game a 5 and 4 out of 10 stating that the steering felt too unreliable and that it would be a lot more fun if were played with a regular controller and it is an experiment gone wrong. As well saying "You can have SOME fun pretending to drive, but I don't want to have to pretend to have fun too."

See alsoJoy Ride Turbo''

References

External links
"Kinect Joy Ride" Xbox.com page
Kinect Joy Ride News
Kinect Joy Ride Achievements

2010 video games
Kinect games
Microsoft games
Racing video games
Video games developed in Canada
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Company. In 1887, Richard Knight LeBlond founded the R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Company in Cincinnati, Ohio to manufacture metal cutting lathes. The LeBlond Aircraft Engine Corporation was formed as a subsidiary in 1928. As a result of a joint venture with Makino Milling Machine, LeBlond Makino Machine Tool Company was formed in 1981. In 1996, LeBlond Makino Machine Tool Company changed its name to Makino. Then in 1997, LeBlond Lathe Parts was founded to focus on the service and support of all LeBlond lathe equipment manufactured since 1887. In 1998, after acquiring the W. F. & John Barnes Company, the company's name was changed to LeBlond Ltd to reflect a broader business purpose. LeBlond continued its acquisition strategy by acquiring the Standard Modern lathe service parts business in 1999. The Johnson Press and Deka Drill service parts businesses were acquired from South Bend Lathe in 2001 and the South Bend Lathe and Dynablast parts businesses in March, 2002. LeBlond's product support team had collectively 160 years of service with LeBlond Machine Tool Company, LeBlond Makino and Makino.

Welfare of Workforce
In 1920, LeBlond was an industry leader in the health and welfare of its employees with professional health care and family support services.

References

External links
Historic American Engineering Record documentation:

2002 disestablishments in the United States
Historic American Engineering Record in Ohio
Manufacturing companies established in 1887
Manufacturing companies of the United States
Victorian Railways Y class. The Victorian Railways Y class was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotives. 

The Y class was an example of the new policy of standard design principles being adopted by the railways of the time. The original pattern locomotive (an 0-6-0 tender engine) was built by Kitson & Co. at Leeds in England in 1885, and was exhibited, along with E426, in 1888 at the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition, held in the Melbourne Exhibition Building. The other 30 locomotives of this type were built by the Phoenix Foundry at Ballarat in 1888–1889. They were given road numbers 383 to 441 (odd numbers only), and the pattern engine 445, 443 having been allotted to an "Old" R class. They were big locomotives for their time—in fact the largest and most powerful 0-6-0s to run in Australia. The class excelled in their performance and acceptance by crews. They were often seen on suburban passenger trains prior to electrification, finishing their lives as yard shunters. Withdrawal of the Y class began in 1926, and only 20 were still in service when renumbered in 1940. The last in regular service was No. 108 which was withdrawn in 1963 after being a pilot engine at North Melbourne for many years.

Y109 (originally Y413) was taken off the register 23 December 1954 and frame and wheels sold to the Brunswick Plaster Mills Pty. Ltd, which rebuilt it into a diesel-mechanical locomotive, to work the Millewa South Railway from Nowingi to Raak Plain in north-western Victoria. It carried the number Y413 for some of the time it operated in that form.

Preservation
Y108 is on static display at the Newport Railway Museum.

Y109/Y413 was acquired by Steamrail Victoria in the 1980s and moved to Ballarat East Locomotive Depot, where parts were used in the restoration of Y112. The remains were acquired by the Australian Railway Historical Society and donated to the Millewa Pioneer Park at Meringur in 2008.

Y112 was withdrawn from service in 1961 and was preserved on a plinth outside the Ballarat railway station. It was purchased by the Ballarat Historical Society and is now owned by Ballarat's Sovereign Hill Museum. The locomotive was leased to Steamrail Victoria and restored to operational condition with the help of West Coast Railway. It was returned to service in 1996 and operates occasional rail tours.

Gallery

References

External links
 Victorian Preserved Steam Locomotives detailed information about all surviving ex-VR steam locos
 VICSIG Y Class Information on the Y class
 Y class drawing
 Y class photo
 Side view
 Y 397

0-6-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1885
Preserved steam locomotives of Australia
Broad gauge locomotives in Australia
Y class 1885
Kitson locomotives
Phoenix locomotives
Freight locomotives
Project Deep Spill. Project Deep Spill was the first intentional deepwater oil spill, in order to study how crude oil behaved in-depth. A Joint Industry Project comprising 23 oil companies and the Minerals Management Service performed a sea trial in late June 2000 in the Helland Hansen region of the Norwegian Sea. The trial made several releases of varying combinations of crude oil (750 barrels), marine diesel, methane (18 cubic metres) and nitrogen gas from the seabed at 840 metres below sea-level.

References

2000 in the environment
Research projects
Oil spills in Norway
Norwegian Sea