omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Sablatnig SF-2. The Sablatnig SF-2 was a reconnaissance seaplane produced in Germany during the First World War.

Development
A refined version of the Sablatnig SF-1, the SF-2 featured a new empennage and was fitted with a radio transmitter. The prototype (serial 580) had a smaller tail-fin and rudder than the SF-1, but production examples added a large ventral fin. Construction was of wood, skinned i fabric.

Operational history
Sablatnig delivered six aircraft (navy serials 580–585) between June and September 1916. These were followed by ten machines built under licence by LVG (serials 791–800) between October and December, and ten more built by LFG (serials 705–714) between April and May the following year. Although produced as a reconnaissance machine, in practice, they were widely used as trainers.

Specifications

Notes

References

 

 
 
 

Sablatnig aircraft
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916
Ian Sommerville (technician). Ian Sommerville (June 3, 1940 – February 5, 1976) was an electronics technician and computer programmer. He is primarily known through his association with William S. Burroughs's circle of Beat Generation figures, and lived at Paris's so-called "Beat Hotel" by 1960, when they were regulars there, becoming Burroughs's lover and "systems adviser". 

Sommerville was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Around 1960, he programmed a random-sequence generator that Brion Gysin used in his cut-up technique. He and Gysin also collaborated in 1961 in developing the Dreamachine, a phonograph-driven stroboscope described as "the first art object to be seen with the eyes closed", and intended to affect the viewer's brain alpha wave activity. 

Sommerville and Burroughs made the 5-minute tape "Silver Smoke of Dreams" in the early 1960s, and later provided the basis for the quarter-hour audio "cut-up" and "K-9 Was in Combat with the Alien Mind-Screens" around 1965. The following year Sommerville also installed two Revox reel-to-reel machines for Paul McCartney in Ringo Starr's apartment at 34 Montagu Square, Marylebone, London, and recorded Burroughs on the machine.

Sommerville along with Gysin and Burroughs collaborated on Let The Mice In, published in 1973. Burroughs' book My Education: A Book of Dreams, indeed largely composed of accounts of his dreams, includes dreams of talking with Sommerville.

He died in a car accident on William Burroughs's birthday, 5 February 1976. Burroughs's biographer Barry Miles reports that Ian had sent Burroughs a telegram that day saying, "Happy birthday. Lots of love. No realisation. Ian". "No realisation" referred to Ian's unsuccessful search for a job as a computer programmer in America.

References 

British computer programmers
1941 births
1976 deaths
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
People educated at The King's School, Canterbury
Road incident deaths in England
William S. Burroughs
Sablatnig SF-5. The Sablatnig SF-5 was a reconnaissance seaplane produced in Germany during the First World War.

Design and development
Designed to meet a specification by the Imperial German Navy for a higher-powered replacement for the Sablatnig SF-2s then in service, the SF-5 was a very similar aircraft other than in its choice of engine. The first batch (serials 968–987) were delivered between January and May 1917, built in the Navy's HFT classification (unarmed reconnaissance aircraft equipped with wireless transmitter and receiver). They were followed by two further batches (1224–1233 and 1352–1371) between July and September. LVG built the type under licence as a trainer aircraft without any radio equipment, delivering 20 aircraft (1017–1036 and 1214–1223) during the second half of 1917. LFG produced the type in the BFT category (unarmed reconnaissance aircraft equipped with wireless transmitter but not receiver), building ten examples (1459–1468) between September 1917 and February 1918. Sablatnig also produced a single BFT-configured aircraft in February 1918.

Operational history
These machines served widely with seaplane stations throughout the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The SF-5 was generally disliked by its aircrews, who dubbed it the "Lame Crow" on account of its poor banking and climbing performance and general sluggishness. Crews found that the supposed cruising speed of production examples was in fact their top speed. Some SF-5s perhaps saw action as bombers against Russian forces, but even those flying reconnaissance missions were easy prey for Russian fighters. At least two SF-5s were captured by the Russians and put to use by them.

A single SF-5 was fitted with wheeled undercarriage salvaged from another aircraft. Designated SF-6 by the factory, and assigned the designation B.I by the Idflieg, it was intended to be a landplane trainer, but was not selected for production.

Operators

Imperial German Navy

Ottoman Air Force

Specifications

Notes

References
 

 

 
 

Sablatnig aircraft
1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Commercial Titan III. The Commercial Titan III, also known as CT-3 or CT-III, was an American expendable launch system, developed by Martin Marietta during the late 1980s and flown four times during the early 1990s. It was derived from the Titan 34D, and was originally proposed as a medium-lift expendable launch system for the US Air Force, who selected the Delta II instead. Development was continued as a commercial launch system, and the first rocket flew in 1990. Due to higher costs than contemporary rockets such as the Ariane 4, orders were not forthcoming, and the CT-3 was retired in 1992.

The Commercial Titan III differed from the Titan 34D in that it had a stretched second stage, and a larger payload fairing to accommodate dual satellite payloads.

All four launches occurred from LC-40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The first carried two communications satellites, Skynet 4A and JCSAT-2, and was launched at 00:07 UTC on 1 January 1990, which was 19:07 local time on 31 December 1989, making it the only orbital launch to have occurred in different years between the launch site and UTC. The launch received the International Designator 1990-001, using the UTC date.

The second launch occurred on 14 March, and carried the Intelsat 603 satellite. The rocket's second stage failed to separate, and the payload could only be released from the rocket by means of jettisoning its kick motor. It was later visited by , on mission STS-49. Astronauts attached a new kick motor, which raised the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, as had originally been planned.

The third launch, on 23 June, carried Intelsat 604, and was successful. There was no Commercial Titan III launch in 1991, due to maintenance work at Launch Complex 40.

The final flight of the Commercial Titan III occurred on 25 September 1992, and placed NASA's Mars Observer spacecraft into heliocentric orbit, by means of a Transfer Orbit Stage.

Launch history

References

Space launch vehicles of the United States
Titan (rocket family)
Thor DSV-2. The Thor DSV-2 was a series of sounding rockets, test vehicles, and anti-satellite weapons derived from the Thor Intermediate-range ballistic missile. It was also used as the first stage of several Thor-derived expendable launch systems.

Variants

Thor DSV-2A 

The DSV-2A was a two-stage rocket, consisting of a DSV-2A / MB-3-II first stage, and an Able-Star / AJ10-104D second stage. It was launched eight times between 1963 and 1965 from Vandenberg.

Thor DSV-2D

The DSV-2D was launched twice in 1962, conducting suborbital research flights for the development of the Program 437 ASAT. It was a single-stage vehicle, consisting of a Thor DM-21. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17A.

Thor DSV-2E
The DSV-2E was a single-stage vehicle, using a Thor DM-19. It was launched eight times in 1962, including several nuclear weapons tests as part of Operation Fishbowl. Four launches failed, all of which were carrying live nuclear warheads. Launches were conducted from Launch Emplacements 1 and 2 on Johnston Atoll.

Thor DSV-2F

The DSV-2F was a single-stage vehicle consisting of a Thor DM-19, like the DSV-2E. Three were launched between 1963 and 1964, as part of Project ASSET, which involved launching a sub-scale mockup of the X-20 Dyna-Soar to test materials for the larger spacecraft. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17B.

Thor DSV-2G

The DSV-2G was a two-stage rocket, consisting of a Thor DM-19 first stage, and a Delta second stage. Three were launched between 1964 and 1965 as part of Project ASSET. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17B.

Thor DSV-2J
The DSV-2J was an operational nuclear anti-satellite weapon. 18 were launched between 1964 and 1975. Most flights were non-intercept tests of the rocket's anti-satellite capabilities, however some later launches carried research payloads. Launches were conducted from Launch Emplacements 1 and 2 on Johnston Atoll.

References

Expendable space launch systems
Thor (rocket family)
Sablatnig SF-8. The Sablatnig SF-8 was a training seaplane produced in Germany during the First World War. While Sablatnig's previous designs for the Imperial German Navy had often seen service as trainers, the SF-8 was purpose-built for this role, at Dr Sablatnig's suggestion. The SF-8 was similar to the firm's earlier designs: a conventional two-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span, with open cockpits in tandem.

Operational history
The Navy ordered three machines for evaluation (serials 2020–2022) in 1917, which were delivered on 17 January the following year. After evaluation at Warnemünde proved favourable, the Navy ordered the type into production, placing an order for 30 machines and allocating serial numbers 6001–6030 to the batch. It is unclear how many of these were produced or delivered before the end of the war.

Specifications

Notes

References

 

 
 
 

Sablatnig aircraft
1910s German military trainer aircraft
Floatplanes
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918
IBM 7700 Data Acquisition System. The IBM 7700 Data Acquisition System was announced by IBM on December 2, 1963.

It is capable of collecting data from as many as 32 sources simultaneously, process the data and transmit results to up to 16 remote printers, display units or plot boards.

The IBM 7700 was short-lived, being replaced by the IBM 1800 Data Acquisition and Control System on November 30, 1964.

Two IBM 7700 Data Acquisition Systems are known to have existed: one at the University of Rochester and the other at Stanford University.  Both were donated by IBM.

The IBM 7700 is an 18-bit system, with instructions occupying two 18-bit words.  Arithmetic instructions generally execute in two or three machine cycles, except for multiply, about 8 cycles, and divide, 12 cycles.  A machine cycle is two microseconds.  Address space is 262,144 words, but the two machines known to have been built had 16,384, 32,768 or 49,152 words.

The IBM 7700 is contemporary with the IBM 7000 series but not considered a member of it.

References

External links
Technical details about the IBM 7700 Data Acquisition System are from an IBM Systems Reference Library publication known as File Number 7700-01, Form A22-0798-1, IBM 7700 Data Acquisition System.  The publication carries an internal date of January 10, 1964.

7700
18-bit computers
Tinix. Tinix (Try It as miNIX-like operating system), is a tutorial operating system (OS) written by Yu Yuan. Designed primarily to teach fundamentals rather than to do work. In his book "Writing OS DIY", Yu provides all source code for Tinix. 
Tinix borrows many concepts and methods from Minix. The book compensates for practical computer programming skills, especially in x86 assembly language, lacking in Andrew S. Tanenbaum's book "Operating Systems: Design and Implementation", 1987, 1997, 2006.

References

Unix variants
Free software operating systems
Microkernels
Microkernel-based operating systems
Educational operating systems
Engine stand. An engine stand is a tool commonly used to repair large heavy gasoline or diesel engines. It uses a heavy cantilevered support structure to hold the engine in midair so that the mechanic has access to any exposed surface of the engine. They are often referred to as cherry pickers. These can be used to take a motor out of or put a motor into a vehicle, as well as mount it to dissect the motor and fix its internal components, without the uncomfortable positions one may encounter working on it while it is still in the engine bay. Many of the stands rotate to give the mechanic easy access to any point on the engine at any time. This makes the engine building process way smoother. 

The engine stand is commonly used in combination with the engine crane to remove or install an engine in a vehicle, break in that engine, and perform repairs.

Motivation 
While small single-piston engines can commonly be laid on a table for repair, a large engine is normally meant to be supported from its engine mounts or from the flywheel transmission case mounts, and fragile components such as oil pans and valve covers would be crushed if the large engine were placed on a flat surface.

Construction 
Engine stands are typically mounted on large casters so than an engine can be moved around the shop to different test and repair stations, and the engine can often be rotated in midair to provide easier access to underside surfaces of the engine. These stands come pre constructed upon purchase. They are welded together with 2 inch or 2 1/2 inch square steel tubing. this gives a ridged frame and great center of balance one the stand is assembled. These stands are coated in either paint, clear coat, or powder coat. Powder coat is wat is most common due to the constant beating they can receive from being in a shop. the powder coat provides a thick layer of protectant that can be easily fixed. originally these stands were constructed with only three casters but had very poor stability. This caused the shift to four caster, two narrow in the front and two wide in the back. This makes it easy to move and very stable.

Safety standards 
National and international standards have been developed to standardize the safety and performance requirements for engine stands and other lifting devices. Selection of the standard is an agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, and has some significance in the design of the engine stand. In the United States, ASME has developed the Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Service Equipment, last revised in 2014, including requirements for hydraulic hand jacks, engine stands, and other lifting devices.

Gallery

References 

Ltd, Hems. “Engine Stand: A Comprehensive Guide.” Hems, 26 Apr. 2023, www.hemsltd.com/blog-engine-stand/. 
“What to Look for in an Engine Stand.” OnAllCylinders, 26 Jan. 2018, www.onallcylinders.com/2018/01/26/look-engine-stand/.

External links 
 Historical example of an early engine stand that could be rotated to permit work on the underside of the engine – 

Automotive tools
SciTech Software. SciTech Software, Inc. was a privately held software company based in Chico, California.

Founded by Kendall Bennett in 1996, SciTech Software, Inc. developed many popular graphics device driver programs for the PC, ranging from UniVESA (later renamed to UniVBE) to SciTech Display Doctor and SciTech SNAP Graphics and SciTech SNAP Audio.

It was purchased by Alt Richmond Inc. in 2008.

References

Software companies established in 1996
Privately held companies based in California
Software companies based in California
Defunct software companies of the United States
Out-wintering pads. Out-wintering pads (OWPs) are a cattle-housing system in which a layer of timber residue (often ~50 mm woodchips is placed over an artificially drained surface to control solid and liquid excreta from animal confinement. In some climates such as the United Kingdom and Ireland, OWPs allow livestock to be housed outdoors over winter.

“Spent” timber residues (STRs, timber residues soiled with animal excreta) can be applied to land as a source of organic matter and nutrients.

References

Agricultural buildings
Cattle
LDE – Columbus. Columbus was a tender locomotive operated by the Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company (Leipzig-Dresdner Eisenbahn or LDE).

History 
The locomotive was sent to the LDE on the recommendation of the Saxon consul in the United States. Similar locomotives had already proven themselves on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. (cf. Tom Thumb) She was built in 1835 by Gillingham & Winans in Baltimore/USA.

In the LDE's company records the locomotive was later described as unreliable and unusable. Several attempts to give the engine back to the manufacturer failed.

In 1842 the locomotive was given to the  Sächsische Maschinenbau-Compagnie in Chemnitz in payment for the PEGASUS. Beyond that, her fate is unknown. She may be identical with the TEUTONIA, which was delivered to the Magdeburg-Leipzig Railway in 1843.

See also 
Royal Saxon State Railways
List of Saxon locomotives and railbuses
Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company

References

Sources 
 
 
 
 

0-4-0 locomotives
Locomotives of Saxony
Early steam locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1835
Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. The IEEE Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science. FOCS is sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society.

As  writes, FOCS and its annual Association for Computing Machinery counterpart STOC (the Symposium on Theory of Computing) are considered the two top conferences in theoretical computer science, considered broadly: they “are forums for some of the best work throughout theory of computing that promote breadth among theory of computing researchers and help to keep the community together.”  includes regular attendance at FOCS and STOC as one of several defining characteristics of theoretical computer scientists.

Awards 

The Knuth Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical computer science is presented alternately at FOCS and STOC. Works of the highest quality presented at the conference are awarded the Best Paper Award. In addition, the Machtey Award is presented to the best student-authored paper in FOCS.

History 

In 1960–1965, FOCS was known as the Symposium on Switching Circuit Theory and Logical Design, and in 1966–1974 it was known as the Symposium on Switching and Automata Theory. The current name has been used since 1975. Since 1973, the cover page of the conference proceedings has featured an artwork entitled synapse, by Alvy Ray Smith, who has also been the author of three papers in the conference.
The publisher uses the acronym SFCS on their web sites for the conferences in 1975 to 1987.

Location 

FOCS is almost exclusively held in North America, and in particular in the United States, with few exceptions.

See also 

 Conferences in theoretical computer science.
 The list of computer science conferences contains other academic conferences in computer science.

References 

 .
.

.

Notes

External links 

 
 FOCS 2024 web site
 FOCS 2023 web site
 FOCS 2022 web site
 FOCS 2021 web site
 FOCS 2020 web site
 FOCS 2019 web site
 FOCS 2018 web site
 FOCS 2017 web site
 FOCS 2016 web site
 FOCS 2015 web site
 FOCS 2014 web site
 FOCS 2013 web site
 FOCS 2012 web site
 FOCS 2011 web site.
 FOCS 2010 web site.
 FOCS 2009 web site.
 FOCS 2008 web site.
 FOCS 2007 web site.
 FOCS 2006 web site.
 FOCS 2005 web site.
 FOCS proceedings information in DBLP.
 FOCS Best Student Paper Award (Machtey Award).
 Citation Statistics for FOCS/STOC/SODA, Piotr Indyk and Suresh Venkatasubramanian, July 2007.
 Nelson H. F. Beebe's FOCS bibliography, 23 March 2007.

Theoretical computer science conferences
Recurring events established in 1960
IEEE conferences
Barrier vehicle. A barrier vehicle (BV), barrier wagon, match wagon or translator coach is used to convert between non-matching railway coupler types.  This allows locomotives to pull railway vehicles or parts of a train with a different type of coupler. A match wagon has an identical dual coupling at both ends.

Use
They are often found on empty coaching stock moves where freight locomotives need to transport coaching stock fitted with Scharfenberg couplers and other automatic couplers.  The use of barrier coaches has evolved with a general move from conventional passenger trains consisting of locomotive-hauled coaches, to trains consisting of multiple units.

Liveries
These vehicles tend to be neutrally liveried or in some cases are painted with the livery of a particular rolling stock company. For example, Porterbrook use corporately-liveried examples for delivery of rolling stock and for transfers for refurbishment and maintenance.

Gallery

See also 
 Dual coupling
 Idler flatcar

References

Railway coaches of the United Kingdom
Blackburn Turcock. The Blackburn F.1 Turcock was a British single-seat single-engine biplane fighter built in 1927. Designed to be produced in several variants, only one was completed.

Development
In 1926 Blackburn partially deviated from their practice of building naval aircraft to design an interceptor fighter, intended to meet Air Ministry specifications F.9/26 (day and night fighter) and N.21/26 (fleet fighter). The first fighter from Blackburn under their new numbering system became the F.1; the name Blackcock was applied to the design, but it was intended that each variant, powered by a different engine, should have its own name. Blackburn intended to produce variants with the 446 hp (332 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar VI radial engine, the 585 hp (436 kW) Bristol Mercury radial and the 510 hp (380 kW) Rolls-Royce Kestrel water-cooled inline engine, though in the event, only the Jaguar-powered aircraft was completed.

The F.1 emerged as a clean biplane with swept and staggered single-bay wings of unequal span, the upper wing having both greater span and chord. Apart from the front fuselage, the aircraft was fabric-covered over a steel frame for the fuselage and a mixture of steel spars and duralumin ribs in the wings. The fuselage narrowed to the rear, carrying a braced tailplane and a low, wide-chord fin and rudder with a flat top. Underneath, a faired skid provided more fin area; the rudder also projected beneath the fuselage. The main undercarriage was a standard fixed-axle design. The pilot's open cockpit was at the trailing edge of the wing, where a small cutout enhanced his forward and upward view.

On the only F.1 built, the Jupiter engine was uncowled. The intended armament of two 0.030 in (7.7 mm) machine guns on either side of the fuselage and firing through the two-blade propeller was never fitted.

Operational history
Blackburn won no Air Ministry orders for the F.1 and indeed, no manufacturer received an order under either of the above Ministry contracts, but there was one Jupiter-engined F.1 built for the Turkish government. This aircraft was therefore named the Turcock. It was flown to Turkey under the British registration G-EBVP in January 1928 but was lost in an accident on 13 February.

Specifications (Turcock)

References

Turcock
1920s British fighter aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1927
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft