omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Nagarajan Vedachalam. Nagarajan Vedachalam is an Indian space scientist, K. R. Ramanathan Distinguished Professor of the Department of Space and distinguished scientist emeritus of Indian Space Research Organization, known for his contributions to Indian space programme. He is a former director of the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre that developed the cryogenic engine of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and is reported to have associated with over 100 space programmes of ISRO. He continues to sit in many committees of the Department of Space though officially retired from ISRO service as the director of ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) and holds several patents for his innovations.

Vedachalam, a recipient of the degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) from the Madurai Kamaraj University, was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.

See also

 Department of Space
 Indian space programme
 Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
 Indian Space Research Organization
 Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
 ISRO Inertial Systems Unit

References

Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Living people
Indian Space Research Organisation people
Indian aerospace engineers
20th-century Indian engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
HVDC HelWin2. HVDC HelWin2 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link built to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea.  Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 690 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 130 km. The project was built by the Siemens/Prysmian consortium with the offshore platform built by Heerema in Zwijndrecht, Netherlands. The topside measures 98 m x 42 m x 28 m and weighs 10200 tonnes. The project was handed over to its owner, TenneT, in June 2015, the fourth such project to be completed in 2015.

Connected wind farms 
 Amrumbank West (288 MW)
 Kaskasi (342 MW)

See also

High-voltage direct current
Offshore wind power
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC BorWin3
HVDC DolWin1
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC DolWin3
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC SylWin1

References

External links 
Description of project on TenneT website (in German).
Factsheet – HelWin2 HVDC Platform 
 HelWin 2 HVDC system, CIGRÉ Compendium of all HVDC Projects.

Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Electrical interconnectors in the North Sea
HVDC transmission lines
Wind power in Germany
2015 establishments in Germany
HVDC SylWin1. HVDC SylWin1 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland. The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea.  Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 864 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 205 km.  The project is similar to the HVDC BorWin2 project but has slightly higher power and voltage ratings.  It is being built by the Siemens/ Prysmian  consortium and was handed over to its owner, TenneT, in April 2015.

Connected wind farms 
 Butendiek (288 MW)
 DanTysk (288 MW)
 Sandbank (288 MW)

See also

High-voltage direct current
Offshore wind power
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC BorWin3
HVDC DolWin1
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC DolWin3
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC HelWin2

References

External links 
Description of project on TenneT website (in German).
Description of project on TenneT website (in English).
 Factsheet – SylWin1 HVDC Platform 
  SylWin1 HVDC System, CIGRÉ Compendium of all HVDC Projects.

Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Energy infrastructure under construction
HVDC transmission lines
Wind power in Germany
Electrical interconnectors in the North Sea
HVDC DolWin3. HVDC DolWin3 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link to transmit Offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland.    The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea.  Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 900 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 160 km.

The overall project is being built by Alstom with the cables supplied by Prysmian and offshore platform by Nordic Yards.  Construction commenced on the onshore converter station at Dörpen West in May 2014  and on the offshore platform in October 2014. As of summer 2015 the platform was being fitted out and the first converter transformer was installed on 17 July 2015.  The project was handed over to its owner, TenneT, in 2017. The grid connection is in operation since September 2018. A fund managed by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners has invested in this offshore transmission platform.

Connected wind farms 
 Merkur (396 MW)
 Borkum Riffgrund II (448 MW)

See also

High-voltage direct current
Offshore wind power
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC BorWin3
HVDC DolWin1
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC HelWin2
HVDC SylWin1

References

External links 
Description of project on TenneT website (in German).
Dolwin3 , Alstom website.

Alstom
Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Energy infrastructure completed in 2017
HVDC transmission lines
Wind power in Germany
2017 establishments in Germany
HVDC BorWin3. HVDC BorWin3 is a high voltage direct current (HVDC) link under construction to transmit offshore wind power to the power grid of the German mainland.    The project differs from most HVDC systems in that one of the two converter stations is built on a platform in the sea.  Voltage-Sourced Converters with DC ratings of 900 MW, ±320 kV are used and the total cable length is 160 km. The project is the most recent of the German offshore HVDC projects to be awarded (in 2014).  It is being built by the Siemens/ Petrofac  consortium with the offshore platform contract awarded to Drydocks World in Dubai.  The project is expected to be handed over to its owner, TenneT, in 2019. The project started power transmission in August 2019. TenneT took control of operations in February 2020.

See also

High-voltage direct current
Offshore wind power
HVDC BorWin1
HVDC BorWin2
HVDC DolWin1
HVDC DolWin2
HVDC DolWin3
HVDC HelWin1
HVDC HelWin2
HVDC SylWin1

References

External links 
Description of project on TenneT website (in German).
Description of project on TenneT website (in English).

Electric power transmission systems in Germany
Energy infrastructure under construction
HVDC transmission lines
Wind power in Germany
Electrical interconnectors in the North Sea
2019 establishments in Germany
Energy infrastructure completed in 2019
Darzens halogenation. Darzens halogenation is the chemical synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohols via the treatment upon reflux of a large excess of thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide (SOX2) in the presence of a small amount of a nitrogen base, such as a tertiary amine or pyridine or its corresponding hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt. The reaction is named after its creator, Auguste Georges Darzens, who first reported it in 1911.

The addition of the amine and use of a large excess of the thionyl halide as compared to the usual halogenation protocol makes this reaction effective for a wide range of alcohols including those that are difficult to halogenate, such as cyclohexanol, which normally decomposes to form cyclohexene if reacted with only SOCl2. The reaction takes place through an SN2 mechanism but is also often used in the description of SNi mechanisms.
 
For example, ethanol can be converted into chloroethane (X=Cl) or bromoethane (X=Br) as follows:

CH3CH2OH + SOX2  CH3CH2X + SO2 + HX

References

Halogenation reactions
Substitution reactions
Name reactions
Octalene. Octalene is a polycyclic hydrocarbon composed of two fused cyclooctatetraene rings.

Anions

Octalene can be readily reduced by lithium to a dianion  and, unusually for such a small molecule, a tetraanion . The di-anion has its two negative charges in one ring, converting that ring into a 10-pi electron aromatic system similar to the di-anion of cyclooctatetraene. In the 18-pi electron tetra-anion, both rings effectively have access to 10 pi electrons, leading to a planar, bicyclic aromatic structure analogous to that of naphthalene.

See also 
Propalene
Benzyne
Pentalene
Heptalene
Butalene

References

Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons
Bicyclic compounds
Haute École Léonard de Vinci. Haute École Léonard de Vinci is a Catholic institution of higher education of the French Community of Belgium, based on 3 campus (two in Brussels and one in Louvain-la-Neuve). It offers short-type courses (bachelor), long type (master) and specializations in these three sectors:

 Health
 Social studies
 Science and Technology

It was formed in 1995 through the grouping of a number of pre-existent institutions:
 ECAM - École centrale des arts et métiers (an industrial engineering college)
 ENCBW-IESP - École normale catholique du Brabant wallon - Institut d’enseignement supérieur pédagogique (a teacher training college)
ISEI - Institut Supérieur d'Enseignement Infirmier (a paramedical college)
 IESP2A - Institut d'Enseignement supérieur Parnasse-Deux Alice (a paramedical college), which itself was created through the merger of two Brussels nurse schools:
The Institut Parnasse
The Institut des Deux-Alice, founded in 1937
 ILMH - Institut libre Marie Haps (a college providing education in translation, psychology, and speech therapy)
 IPL - Institut Paul Lambin (a college for medical and biological technology)
In 2019, ECAM, the school's only department offering Master's studies, left the Haute École Leonard de Vinci to join the Haute École « ICHEC-ISC Saint-Louis-ISFSC », which became ICHEC-ECAM-ISFSC. Following this, the governance of the Haute Ecole Leonard de Vinci has been reviewed in September 2019 and the historical institutions have given way to the three sectors (health; social studies; science and technology).

Colleges in Belgium
1995 establishments in Belgium
Universities and colleges in Brussels
Nivelles
Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve
Universities and colleges formed by merger in Belgium
George Roberts (aircraft engineer). George Alexander Roberts (1909–2009) was the first aircraft maintenance apprentice employed by Qantas.

Biography
George Roberts was born in the city of Ipswich, Queensland in the year 1909. By the age of 10 he had taken his first flight in an aircraft. 
He joined Qantas In 1936, as employee number 50.

After retiring in 1970, he continued to work part-time, managing the collection at the Heritage Centre.

He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2003 "for service to the recording and preservation of aviation history, and to vintage and veteran car organisations."

At the time of his death he had become the longest-serving aircraft maintenance employee within Qantas.

References

 
 

Australian aerospace engineers
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
1909 births
2009 deaths
Drone (2014 film). Drone is a 2014 English-language documentary film directed by Norwegian director Tonje Hessen Schei. The film explores the use of drones in warfare. Drone aired on the TV network Arte on , 2014. The documentary screened at several film festivals throughout 2014, winning several awards. Drone was released in Norway on , 2015.

Premise

Variety reported, "'Drone' depicts the recruitment of young pilots at gaming conventions, explores the changing perceptions of what 'going to war' means, as well as the moral stance of engineers behind the technology. The docu also investigates the ways in which world leaders engage in wars, as well as look at the struggle of anti-war and civil rights activists."

Production

Drone was produced by Lars Løge at Flimmer Film and directed by Tonje Hessen Schei. The film received financial support from backers in Norway and from around the world.

Release

Theatrical screenings
The sales outfit LevelK acquired Drone at the Nordic Film Market at the Gothenburg Film Festival in January 2014. A 58-minute cut of Drone premiered on the TV network Arte on , 2014. A 79-minute cut was edited for subsequent screenings. In October 2014, Drone screened at the Bergen International Film Festival and won Best Norwegian Documentary and the Checkpoint Human Rights awards. In January 2015, it screened at the Tromsø International Film Festival and won the Norwegian Peace Film Award. In the following February, LevelK sold distribution rights to Drone to several major territories.

Drone was released in Norway on , 2015. It was released in the United Kingdom on , 2015.

Critical reception

John DeFore, reviewing for The Hollywood Reporter, called Drone "an important contribution to debates over a means of warfare that is just in its infancy". DeFore said the documentary had an "effective and clear-headed" presentation of "multiple sides of the debate". The critic concluded, "Drone takes a quick look at realities of the warfare industry and asks the obvious question: How will Americans feel when another government (or non-governmental entity) has remote-controlled death hovering constantly over our heads?"

See also

 List of films featuring drones

References

External links

 - an interview with those in the documentary at Democracy Now!

2014 documentary films
2014 films
Norwegian documentary films
Documentary films about military aviation
Drone warfare
Documentary films about robots
2010s English-language films
English-language Norwegian films
English-language documentary films
M656. The M656 is a 5-ton 8x8 U.S. military heavy cargo truck. It was a 5-ton truck in April 1966 and was used with the Pershing 1a missile.

Development 
The M656 vehicles evolved from the XM543E2 program. The testing program ended in 1964.

Variants 
 XM656- Prototype M656
 XM757- Prototype M757
 XM791- Prototype M791
 M656- Cargo version used to carry the Pershing 1a missile Programmer Test Station and Power Station
 M757- Tractor used to tow M790 Pershing 1a missile erector launcher
 M791- Van version used for the Pershing 1a Battery Control Central

References

External links 

 M656 variants and Technical Manuals 

Military trucks of the United States
Ford trucks
Vehicles introduced in 1968
Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s
Sundaram Ramakrishnan. Sundaram Ramakrishnan was  an Indian space scientist and a former director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, who is known to have contributed to the development of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). He has served the Indian Space Research Organization for over 40 years.

Ramakrishnan, who is credited with several scientific papers on space science, was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest Indian civilian award.

References

Further reading
 

Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Living people
Indian Space Research Organisation people
Indian aerospace engineers
Engineers from Kerala
20th-century Indian engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Flood Modeller. {{delete| Attempts to update the page keep being rejected. The content of this page is significantly out of date and is misleading and provides no value. There is a product website for Flood Modeller which is more relevant and is kept up to date }}

Flood Modeller is a computer program developed by Jacobs that assesses flood risk by simulating the flow of water through river channels, urban drainage networks and across floodplains using a range of one- and two-dimensional hydraulic solvers. The software incorporates a user interface for building, running and viewing the results of models, including a GIS map interface.

The software has been independently benchmarked by the Environment Agency and is used extensively to undertake modelling of flood risk, develop flood risk management schemes and provide flood forecasting services.

Development History 
Initially developed by Halcrow Group and then CH2M Hill, Flood Modeller is now developed by Jacobs Solutions.  Flood Modeller was previously known as "ISIS" (after the local name for the Upper Thames).

Solvers

1D solvers 

Flood Modeller includes steady-state and unsteady 1D river solvers for modelling open-channels.

It also provides a 1D urban solver for modelling urban drainage systems.

2D solvers 

Flood Modeller includes three different 2D solvers:
 The ADI solver is based on the DIVAST numerical engine first developed in the 1980s, and is designed to simulate fluvial, overland, estuarine and coastal situations where flow does not rapidly change.
 The TVD solver is designed to represent rapid changes in the water surface profile, but results in longer run-times.
 The FAST solver uses simplified hydraulics to perform rapid assessments of flooding.

See also 

 Hydrology
 Surface-water hydrology
 Hydrological transport model
 HEC-RAS
 SWMM
 GIS
 Computer simulation

References

External links 
Flood Modeller website

2015 software
Hydrology models
Scientific simulation software
Chlorobis(ethylene)rhodium dimer. Chlorobis(ethylene)rhodium dimer is an organorhodium compound with the formula Rh2Cl2(C2H4)4.  It is a red-orange solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. The molecule consists of two bridging chloride ligands and four ethylene ligands.  The ethylene ligands are labile and readily displaced even by other alkenes.  A variety of homogeneous catalysts have been prepared from this complex.

Preparation and reactions
The complex is prepared by treating an aqueous methanolic solution of hydrated rhodium trichloride with ethylene at room temperature.  Rh(III) is reduced with oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde:
2 RhCl3(H2O)3  +  6 C2H4   →   Rh2Cl2(C2H4)4  +  2 CH3CHO  +  4 HCl  +  4 H2O
Reflecting the lability of its ligands, the complex does not tolerate recrystallization.

The complex reacts slowly with water to give acetaldehyde.  With HCl, it gives RhCl2(C2H2)2−.  Rh2Cl2(C2H4)4 catalyzes the dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene.

Carbonylation affords rhodium carbonyl chloride.  Treatment with acetylacetone and aqueous KOH gives Rh(acac)(C2H4)2.

References

Organorhodium compounds
Homogeneous catalysis
Alkene complexes
Dimers (chemistry)
Chloro complexes
Rhodium(I) compounds
IEEEXtreme. IEEEXtreme (often abbreviated as Xtreme) is an annual hackathon and competitive programming challenge in which teams of IEEE Student members, often supported by an IEEE Student Branch and proctored by an IEEE member, compete in a 24-hour time span against each other to solve a set of programming problems.  The competition is underwritten and coordinated by IEEE's Membership and Geographic Activities department, and is often supported by partnering sponsors, like IEEE Computer Society.

History
IEEEXtreme was created in 2006 by Marko Delimar and Ricardo Varela who, at the time, were with the IEEE Student Activities Committee. The first instance of IEEEXtreme was held in 2006 with a global participation of 44 teams and 150 contestants.  The numbers more than tripled the second time it was held, in 2008, to 130 teams with 500 participants. The iteration of IEEEXtreme in 2015, enjoyed the registration of over 2,300 teams,  participation of over 1,900 teams, 5,500+ student competitors, 600+ proctors, and 100+ volunteers around the world.

Competition rules
Teams of up to three student IEEE members receive sets of programming problems over 24 hours, starting at 0:00 UTC on the competition date. All teams receive the same problems to solve and are expected to solve the problems without direct outside consultation. Teams don’t need to tackle every problem, but the more they solve, the more points they score. Students submit their solutions using an online tool, which has been HackerRank in recent years. Points are awarded based on how the problem was solved, the time it took, and its difficulty. Higher-grade IEEE members serve as judges and proctors for the competition.

The competition is free, but IEEE Student Membership is required to participate. Students - undergraduate and graduate - are welcome to register as IEEE Student Members and participants in IEEEXtreme on the same day. The cost of IEEE Student Membership varies from country to country.

Yearly results

IEEEXtreme 12.0 (2018)
IEEEXtreme 12.0 was held on 19 October 2018.

IEEEXtreme 11.0 (2017)
IEEEXtreme 11.0 was held on 14 October 2017.

IEEEXtreme 10.0 (2016)
IEEEXtreme 10.0 was held on 22 October 2016.

IEEEXtreme 9.0 (2015)

IEEEXtreme 9.0 was held on 27 October 2015.

IEEEXtreme 8.0 (2014)

IEEEXtreme 8.0 was held on 18 October 2014.

IEEEXtreme 7.0 (2013)
IEEEXtreme 7.0 was held on 26 October 2013.

IEEEXtreme 3.0 (2009)
IEEEXtreme 3.0 was held on 24 October 2009.

See also 
 Competitive programming, a type of mind sport involved in programming competitions

References 

Programming contests
Recurring events established in 2006
SOR BN 8,5. SOR BN 8,5 is a model of a partly low-floor minibus manufactured by Czech company SOR Libchavy. The bus is designed for urban transport and deployed on lines where sufficient vehicles with a smaller capacity are needed due to the cramped conditions of the road infrastructure. It is suitable for service lines to medical and sanitary facilities and offices.

Construction features 
Model BN 8,5 is similar to the model SOR CN 8,5, from which it differs mainly with automatic transmission. Vehicles supplied for MHD Chrudim and for public transport in Frýdek-Místek (ČSAD Frýdek-Místek), however, have a mechanical six-speed transmission.

Production and operation 
Bus is produced since 2010 until now.

See also 

Buses of the Czech Republic
Buses manufactured by SOR
TEDOM Kronos 123. TEDOM Kronos 123 is a low-floor urban bus produced from 2004 to 2006 by the now defunct bus manufacturing division of the company TEDOM from the Czech Republic. It was replaced by TEDOM C 12 in 2006.

Construction features 
This is a twelve (number 12 in the type designation), the three-door (last 3 digit), urban, low-floor bus, which was offered with a gas or diesel engine. The bus bodywork (manufactured under license of Italian company Mauri) is composed of a truss of the frame, made of thin-walled stainless steel tube. The frame is sheathed with aluminum-vapor sheets. Front and rear panel and roof are made of fiberglass. Motor and automatic transmission are located at the rear of the bus. Gas version Kronos 123 G is placed on the roof of composite cylinders with an aluminum core for compressed natural gas. They have a volume of 960 L, which the car can drive 450 km. In 2006 was supplemented fourth tank so bus can drive 650 km on one filling.

Production and operation 
The Prototype of Kronos 123 was made in 2004, and the same year was introduced on Brno fair Autotec (it was a gas version). During the year 2005 went out of the factory gates six of these buses, including one with a diesel engine (designation Kronos 123 D). In the following year produced 10 of 123 Kronos (six diesel-powered). At the turn of 2006 and 2007, the car was redesigned and changed while he was marking on the TEDOM C 12. In 2004 to 2006 and TEDOM made a total of 17 buses Kronos 123 (10 in the gas and 7 in and diesel version).

Company TEDOM presented bus for demonstration sessions in many cities in the Czech Republic. The prototype, along with one other gas and one diesel Kronos 123 remained with the manufacturer, which uses it for demonstration and tests. Six KRONOS 123 G are in operation at Transport Company of Liberec and Jablonec nad Nisou, two other gas runs in the Polish city of Mielec local transport company MKS Mielec. Diesel cars came to Slovakia bought two company SAD Prešov and four SAD Lučenec.

See also

External links

 Photogallery
 List of buses

Buses of the Czech Republic
Buses manufactured by TEDOM