omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Harold Hankins. Harold Hankins CBE FREng (18 October 1930 – 2 May 2009) was a British electrical engineer and the first Vice-Chancellor of UMIST.

Early life and education
Hankins was born 18 October 1930 in Crewe, Cheshire and at the age of 16 began an apprenticeship with the London Midland and Scottish Railway.  He continued to study with evening classes at Manchester Municipal College of Technology, gaining a first class honours degree in 1955.

Career
In 1955 he joined Metropolitan-Vickers rising to the position of assistant chief engineer, doing research into communication systems.  The company changed into AEI and he led a team developing communication systems for rockets including Blue Streak.

In 1968 he joined UMIST as a lecturer, completing a PhD by part-time study and becoming Professor of Communication Engineering in 1974 and Head of Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics in 1977.

In 1979 he became Vice-Principal of UMIST, Acting Principal in 1982 and Principal in 1984. At this time UMIST was technically a faculty of the Victoria University of Manchester which awarded the degrees.  In 1992 UMIST became a separate university in its own right, and Hankins was its first Vice-Chancellor until his retirement in 1995.  He is commemorated in the Harold Hankins Building housing the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research.

In 1993 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and in 1996 he was appointed a CBE for "services to education".

Personal life
In 1955 he married Kathleen Higginbottom: they had three sons.  He died in Glossop, Derbyshire on 2 May 2009.

References

The Guardian 5 August 2009 John Garside: Obituary Harold Hankins
Times Higher Education 6 August 2009 Matthew Reisz: Obituary Harold Hankins, 1930–2009

External links
Your Manchester Online Obituary - Harold Hankins  (includes photograph)

British electrical engineers
1930 births
2009 deaths
People from Crewe
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Academics of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Vice-chancellors of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Madan Singh-class tugboat. The Madan Singh class of tugboats are series of service watercraft built by Tebma Shipyard Limited (a subsidiary  of Bharati Shipyard Ltd), for Indian Navy during 1999. Propulsion is provided by Voith Schneider Propellers. The  is a follow-up order of the Madan Singh-class tugboat.

Ships of the class

Specifications
Displacement: 382 tonnes
Length: 32.5 meters
Breadth: 9.50 meters
Depth: 4 meters
Speed: 12 knots
Bollard pull: 25 tons
Main engines: Wartsila 8 L20
Power output: 2 x 1320 kW at 1000 RPM

See also
Tugboats of the Indian Navy

References

External links
From Ships to Reefs

 
Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Tugs of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary tugboat classes
Trixy G 4-2 R. The Trixy G 4-2 R ("Gyro For Two powered by Rotax") is an Austrian autogyro, designed and produced by Trixy Aviation Products of Dornbirn. The aircraft was introduced at the Aero show held in Friedrichshafen in 2011 and when it was available it was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The G 4-2 R features a single main rotor, a two-seats-in tandem enclosed cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a four-cylinder, air and liquid-cooled, four-stroke, dual-ignition  Rotax 912S engine in pusher configuration. The  ULPower UL260i powerplant is optional.

The aircraft fuselage is made with a stainless steel tube frame; the cockpit is formed from carbon fibre. Its  diameter two-bladed aluminium Averso rotor employs a NACA 8H12 airfoil and has a 1500-hour time between overhauls. For safety the  fuel tank incorporates ME Rin anti-explosion technology. A second fuel tank of the same capacity can be optionally added. Baggage capacity is two  compartments. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of .

Even though the manufacturer is an Austrian company the aircraft is built in Slovenia. The G 4-2 R was noted by Bayerl et al. in 2011 for its unusual new aircraft two-year warranty.

Specifications (G 4-2 R)

References

External links

2010s Austrian sport aircraft
Single-engined pusher autogyros
Aircraft first flown in 2011
G 4-2 R
Rolling chassis. A rolling chassis is the fully-assembled chassis of a motor vehicle (car, truck, bus, or other vehicle) without its bodywork. It is equipped with running gear (engine and drivetrain) and ready for delivery to a coachbuilder to be completed. Historically, bespoke luxury automobiles were finished inside and out to an owner's specifications by a coachbuilder, and specialty vehicles (such as fire engines) were outfitted by firms devoted to that task.

The term is also used to describe the chassis and running gear of a vehicle in a body-off restoration.

Automobiles

Prior to unibodied vehicles, the rolling chassis stage was common to the manufacture of all motorcars. Mass-produced cars were supplied complete from the factory, but luxury cars such as Rolls-Royce were supplied as a chassis from the factory to several coachbuilders, in its case J Gurney Nutting & Co, Mulliner, Park Ward, and others. These handcrafters would supply a body and interior to a customer or dealer's specifications. Important names in the United States included Lebaron, Fleetwood, and Rollston.

Over time top luxury automakers absorbed one or more of their vendors and moved vehicle finishing in-house.

Heavy vehicles

Separate chassis remain in use for almost all heavy vehicles ranging from pickup trucks to the biggest trucks and commercial passenger carrying vehicles.

The rolling chassis is delivered to the commercial body maker, coachbuilder, or bulk transporter on its own wheels, under its own power.

See also
 Glider (automobiles), an otherwise complete motor vehicle that lacks some or all of the powertrain

References

Vehicle technology
AAM-N-4 Oriole. The AAM-N-4 Oriole was an early American air-to-air missile, developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy. Designed for launch from carrier-based aircraft, the missile programme was cancelled before flight testing began, and the missiles produced were utilized as test vehicles.

Design and development
Development of the AAM-N-4 Oriole began in 1947, when a development contract was awarded by the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance to the Glenn L. Martin Company to develop a heavy air-to-air missile, utilizing active radar homing for fire and forget operation, for launch from aircraft operating from aircraft carriers. Oriole was intended to utilize a rocket or rocket-ramjet propulsion system; the intended range of the weapon was , however as tested it was limited to a range of approximately . Ready for launch, the missile weighed , and used cruciform fins at the missile's midbody and at the tail for flight control. Flight speed was originally intended to be above Mach 3.

In 1948, the Oriole contract was redefined to be a guidance development program instead of a project to develop an operational missile; the program to construct test vehicles resumed in 1950 for research and development purposes, the missiles being redesignated RTV-N-16. Flight testing began shortly thereafter at the Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, California; testing continued through 1953, with 56 flight tests being conducted throughout the program; as built the missile proved to be capable of Mach 2.5. The Oriole program was terminated at the end of 1953.

References

Citations

Bibliography

AAM-N-004
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Military equipment introduced in the 1950s
FAMO. FAMO, short for Fahrzeug- und Motoren-Werke (Automobile and Engine Works) was a German vehicle manufacturer in the early 20th century.

Products
Sd.Kfz. 9: Heavy half-track used by German forces in World War II; some were also produced by Vomag and Tatra.
Marder II, produced 1942–1943.
 Wespe self-propelled artillery
 Rübezahl caterpillar tractor

References

Defence companies of Germany
AAM-N-5 Meteor. The AAM-N-5 Meteor was an early American air-to-air missile, developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Bell Aircraft for the United States Navy. Initially, both air-launched and ship-launched versions were considered. Versions designed for launch from carrier-based aircraft proceeded to the flight testing stage before the project was cancelled.

In 1950, the Royal Navy expressed some interest in adapting Meteor as a short-range missile to defend ships against glide bombs and similar weapons. They had been studying this concept under their Popsy project and called the adapted Meteor "Mopsy". When the US Navy abandoned their interest in a ship-launched version, Mopsy went no further.

Development
Development of the Meteor was loosely defined at first, with both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles being studied by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a contract awarded in November 1945 by the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Ordnance; the decision was made to construct the air-to-air version for testing, with construction of the airframe being assigned to Bell Aircraft.

As built, the AAM-N-5 Meteor was a two-stage missile, utilizing semi-active radar homing; the first stage consisted of a solid-fueled rocket booster, with the main sustainer stage utilizing liquid fuels. It had a range of , and reached speeds of over Mach 2, with some sources claiming a top speed of Mach 3. Control was provided by cruciform fins.

Flight testing of the AAM-N-5 began in July 1948 at the Naval Ordnance Test Station, with Douglas JD-1 Invader utility aircraft acting as the launching platform. Starting in 1951, test launches were conducted using Douglas F3D Skyknight nightfighters as carrier aircraft; fifteen launches were also made from ground launchers at NOTS' China Lake range. However, in 1953 the program was cancelled, as better missiles were becoming available.

In 1950, a group from the Royal Navy met with the Meteor team at MIT while looking for solutions to their Popsy requirement. Having faced German guided bombs like Fritz-X during World War II, Popsy called for a small missile that could attack these weapons at close range. Meteor had the required performance, but lacked the ability to be used against low-level targets due to its wide-beam radar system, which would result in signal bouncing off waves when aimed near the horizon and confusing the seeker. The group managed to convince MIT of the need for a narrow beam guidance system and called the result "Mopsy". However, the US Navy lost interest in using Meteor as a ship-launched weapon, and nothing further came of this effort.

An advanced version of Meteor, Meteor II, was assigned to be built by United Aircraft; it was intended to have a solid-fueled booster rocket with a ramjet sustainer stage, but was not built.

References

Citations

Bibliography

 

AAM-N-005
Abandoned military rocket and missile projects of the United States
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1948
Pembarthi Metal Craft. Pembarthi Metal Craft is a metal handicraft made in  Pembarthi, Jangaon district, Telangana State, India. They are popular for their exquisite brassware, sheet metal art works. A few decades back there were about 150 families depend on the profession, right now the artisans decreased to about 20 to 30 due to lack of marketing avenues now crafts are being marketing globally through www.metalartisan.in website. Pembarthi's crafts includes idols, figurines, utensils, and other decorative pieces. For such metal craftwork the village Pembarthi has been chosen by the Ministry of Tourism as the best tourism villages in Telangana for the year 2023.  

Indian metalwork
Hanamkonda district
Culture of Telangana
Geographical indications in Telangana
Anode break excitation. Anode break excitation (ABE) is an electrophysiological phenomenon whereby a neuron fires action potentials in response to the termination of a hyperpolarizing current.

When a hyperpolarizing current is applied across a membrane, the electrical potential across the membrane falls (becomes negative than the resting potential); this drop is followed by a decrease in the threshold required for action potentials (since the threshold is directly linked to the potential across the membrane — the two rise and fall together).

ABE occurs after the hyperpolarizing current is terminated: the potential across the cell rises rapidly in the absence of the hyperpolarizing stimulus, but the action potential threshold remains at its lowered value. As a result, the potential becomes suprathreshold, which is sufficient to trigger an action potential in the cell.

Further reading

External links 
A description of anode break excitation.

See also
 Action potential
 Hodgkin–Huxley model
 Neural accommodation

Electrophysiology
AN/MSR-T4. The AN/MSR-T4 Threat Reaction Analysis Indicator System (TRAINS) is a radar receiver/data processing system to evaluate training performance of attack aircraft crews of the United States Air Force. TRAINS evaluated the crew's Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) against air defense radar by analyzing "the accuracy and effectiveness of inflight ECM performance for combat aircraft ECM pods and internal ECM suite". It captured, recorded, and analyzed transmissions  (e.g., jamming against a ground radar) from aircraft responding to threats simulated by the US Dynamics AN/MST-T1 Multiple Threat Emitter Simulator (MUTES) to which the TRAINS was slaved for pointing toward the aircraft.  TRAINS data identified the EWO's actions, response times, etc.; and the system included a VHF/UHF receiver and training set.

TRAINS was developed under Electronic Systems Division program 806L after the 1991 Gulf War which identified electronic warfare "shortfalls" and was funded for overhaul in 1999 (Defense Systems Inc.added narrowband receivers to the system in 2006.)  In 1976, an MS was proposed as an "emitter" in the General Dynamics range design (Range Instrumentation System) for the electronic threat environment at the Hill/Westover/Dugway Ranges ("AFLC Test Range Complex"), and a TRAINS was at the Smoky Hill Air National Guard Range .

See also

List of military electronics of the United States

References

Radars of the United States Air Force

Computer systems of the United States Air Force
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s
Military electronics of the United States
Ali Aldabbagh. Ali Aldabbagh (born 18 July 1955) is an Iraqi engineer, businessman and politician who served as government spokesman until November 2012.

Early life and education
Aldabbagh was born in Kerbala on 18 July 1955. He hails from a Shiite family. He received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Baghdad University in 1977. Then he obtained a master's degree in environmental pollution from the same university in 1983. He also holds a PhD in business administration, which he received in 2003.

Career

Aldabbagh worked in private sector in various countries, including the UAE, Canada and Japan. He also dealt with business in Iraq and was co-owner of a family firm called Tigris Building Contractors.

Aldabbagh served as mid-level official in the Baath party. He is the leader of the independent Kafaat Gathering, a political party represented in the Iraqi parliament. He was appointed state minister to the second cabinet of Nouri Al Maliki in December 2010. He is part of the state of law coalition in the cabinet.

He served as government spokesman until 29 November 2012 when his resignation was accepted by Maliki. Aldabbagh resigned from his post due to his alleged involvement in the Russian arms deal. Maliki did not appoint anybody to succeed Aldabbagh as spokesman, but Ali Al Moussawi, media advisor of Maliki, was given the authority of spokesman.

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Karbala
Iraqi Shia Muslims
University of Baghdad alumni
20th-century Iraqi businesspeople
State ministers of Iraq
Iraqi civil engineers
Space Operations Center. A Space Operations Center (SOC) is a facility such as a Mission Control Center for controlling spaceflight and/or spacelift missions, and may refer to:

    614th Air and Space Operations Center, a U.S. Space Force operations center at Vandenberg AFB, California
    Air Force Satellite Control Facility, a former USAF structure with various SOCs (e.g. for the Corona satellite, GPS, etc.) at Onizuka AFS, California
    Combined Space Operations Center, a U.S. Space Command operations center at Vandenberg AFB
    European Space Operations Centre, a European Space Agency facility at Darmstadt, Germany
    Space Flight Operations Facility, a Jet Propulsion Laboratory facility in Pasadena, California
    Consolidated Space Operations Center, the development name for Falcon Air Force Station (now Schriever Air Force Base)
    Marshall Space Flight Center, a NASA facility at Huntsville, Alabama
Anand-class tugboat. The Anand class tugboats are a series of service watercraft built by Goa Shipyard Limited (earlier part of Mazagon Dock Limited, Bombay), for the Indian Navy. Tugs of this class have a 6-tonne bollard pull.

Ships of the class

Specification
Gross Tonnage: 100 tonnes
DWT: 13 tonnes

See also
Tugboats of the Indian Navy

References

Ships of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy
Tugs of the Indian Navy
Auxiliary tugboat classes
Ofek unit. Ofek 324 is the IAF's operational technology unit. It is responsible for developing operational system programs such as command and control systems, cyber warfare, UAV, air defense and aircraft embedded systems.

The unit operates from three different IAF bases and is subordinate to the IAF Equipment Group. Its current head is Colonel Dedi Meller. 

Ofek was established in December 2005, by merging two former IAF computing units, Unit 180 (founded 1959, responsible for combat support systems) and Mamdas (founded 1967, responsible operational systems).

The unit's first battle was about 6 months after its establishment, during the Second Lebanon War, under Colonel Asahel. In 2015, shifted focus to operational technology and intelligence.

The units emblem is made up of four components:
 The IAF wing emblem
 An owl - a determined animal capable of seeing far into the distance.
 A circular arrow target - related to its role of providing the IAF with significant operational capabilities
 A computer network - representing technology.

Structure 
The unit consists of 9 sub-units, each responsible for a different role.

References

Israeli Air Force units
Fleetwings BQ-1. The Fleetwings BQ-1 was an early expendable unmanned aerial vehicle — referred to at the time as an "assault drone" — developed by Fleetwings during the Second World War for use by the United States Army Air Forces. Only a single example of the type was built, the program being cancelled following the crash of the prototype on a test flight.

Development
Development of the BQ-1 began on 10 July 1942, under a program for the development of "aerial torpedoes" – unmanned aircraft carrying internal bombs – that had been instigated in March of that year. Fleetwings was contracted to build a single XBQ-1 assault drone, powered by two Franklin O-405-7 opposed piston engines, and fitted with a fixed landing gear in tricycle configuration. The aircraft was optionally piloted; a single-seat cockpit was installed for ferry and training flights; a fairing would replace the cockpit canopy on operational missions. The BQ-1 was intended to carry a  warhead over a range of  at ; the aircraft would be destroyed in the act of striking the target. A single BQ-2 was to be constructed as well under the same contract.

Flight testing
Following trials of the television-based command guidance system using a PQ-12 target drone, and earlier trials of the XBQ-2A, the XBQ-1 flew in May 1944; however, the aircraft crashed on 17 July 1944 due to engine failure just after take-off from Wright Field.  Following the loss of the lone prototype BQ-1, the project was cancelled.

Specifications (XBQ-1)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

BQ-1
1940s United States bomber aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
World War II guided missiles of the United States
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Fleetwings BQ-2. The Fleetwings BQ-2 was an early expendable unmanned aerial vehicle — referred to at the time as an "assault drone" — developed by Fleetwings during the Second World War for use by the United States Army Air Forces. Only a single example of the type was built; the aircraft was deemed too expensive for service and was cancelled after a brief flight testing career.

Development
Development of the BQ-2 began on 10 July 1942, under a program for the development of "aerial torpedoes" – unmanned flying bombs – that had been instigated in March of that year. Fleetwings was contracted to build a single XBQ-2 assault drone, powered by two Lycoming XO-435 horizontally opposed piston engines, and fitted with a fixed landing gear in tricycle configuration; the landing gear was jettisonable for better aerodynamics.

The BQ-2 was optionally piloted; a single-seat cockpit was installed for ferry and training flights; a fairing would replace the cockpit canopy on operational missions. The BQ-2 was intended to carry a  warhead over a range of  at ; the aircraft would be destroyed in the act of striking the target. A single BQ-1 was to be constructed as well under the same contract.

Flight testing
The XO-435 engines were dropped from the design of the XBQ-2 before completion, being replaced by two Lycoming R-680 radial engines, with the aircraft being redesignated XBQ-2A.

Following trials of the television-based command guidance system using a PQ-12 target drone, the XBQ-2A flew in mid 1943; following flight trials, the design was determined to be too expensive for operational use, and the program was cancelled in December of that year.

Specifications (XBQ-2A)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

BQ-2
1940s United States bomber aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States
World War II guided missiles of the United States
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
High-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1943
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear