omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Messerschmitt Bf 165. The Messerschmitt Bf 165 was a German long-range bomber project. There is very little published about the Bf 165, but it is known that wind tunnel testing of the aircraft began in 1937. A full-scale mockup of the aircraft was constructed for display to the Reichsführer in 1937. The Bf 165 was designed to have a top speed of 600 km/h, a range of 6000 km, and a bombload of 1000kg.

References

1930s German bomber aircraft
Bf 165
Four-engined tractor aircraft
Four-engined piston aircraft
Messerschmitt Me 334. The Messerschmitt Me 334 was a proposed German piston-engined fighter, designed by Alexander Lippisch. No examples were built.

Design and development
Alexander Lippisch was noted for designing tailless aircraft, with a certain amount of success. Along similar lines as the rocket-powered Me 163, Lippisch designed a tailless fighter to be powered by a Heinkel turbojet. The slow pace of development of reliable turbojets forced Lippisch to redesign the aircraft to be powered by a single Daimler-Benz DB 605 inverted V-12 piston engine, mounted in the nose and driving a pusher propeller at the rear of the fuselage pod, via an extension shaft.

The mid-mounted wings would have been swept back 23.4°, housing the skinny retractable main landing gear with elevons inboard and ailerons outboard on the trailing edge. Slots in the outboard leading edges would have improved slow speed performance and handling.

The intended armament of two  MG 131 machine guns was to have been housed in the wing roots. Designated Me 334 by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM), development was abandoned by Lippisch with the advent of the Lippisch P.20.

See also 
Related lists

 List of German aircraft projects 1939-1945

Specifications

References

External links

 Me 334 with 3-view
 Emmanuel Gustin's aircraft background notes

1940s German experimental aircraft
1940s German fighter aircraft
Me 334
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Maximum experimental safe gap. Maximum experimental safe gap (MESG)  is a standardized measurement of how easily a gas flame will pass through a narrow gap bordered by heat-absorbing metal.  MESG is used to classify flammable gases for the design and/or selection of electrical equipment in hazardous areas, and flame arrestor devices. The National Electric Code classifies Class I hazardous locations into different groups depending on the respective MESG's of gases in the area.

Examples

References

http://site.ul.com/global/documents/offerings/services/hazardouslocations/CI_groups.pdf

Electrical safety
Fire test standards
FrOSCon. The FrOSCon (Free and Open Source CONference) is an annual conference organized by the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences and the FrOSCon E.V. The FrOSCon features a variety of lectures and workshops on free and open source software. The event takes place regularly at the end of August since 2006. It is considered one of the largest events of this kind in Europe and the largest in Germany, with the Chemnitzer Linux Days being second.

A large range of speakers are part of the scene. Organizational work is done solely by volunteers. Since 2014, the FrOSCon E.V. decided not to charge anything for admission.

Topics 

The FrOSCon has covered a wide array of topics over the years.

External links 
 https://programm.froscon.org

References 

Free-software conferences
De Kempermolen, Breedenbroek. De Kempermolen is a tower mill in Breedenbroek, Gelderland, Netherlands which was built in 1882 and has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument.

History
De Kempermolen was built in 1882 by millwright Kreeftenburg of Varsseveld, Gelderland for Johan Kemper. In 1890, a steam mill was built next to the windmill. The steam engine was replaced by a diesel engine c.1901. During the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II, the mill was damaged by a hand grenade. The mill was fitted with a pair of Ten Have sails in 1948. It ceased working by wind in 1959 and only the power driven mill was used from this date. The mill was restored in 1975, and was worked occasionally afterwards. The mill remained in the Kemper family until 2000, when it was sold to the Stichting Kempermolen. A further restoration in 2002-03 followed the breakage of a sailstock. De Kempermolen is listed as a Rijksmonument, № 16067.

Description

De Kempermolen is what the Dutch call a "Beltmolen". It is a three storey tower mill built into a mound which is  high. There is no stage, the sails reaching almost down to ground level. The cap is covered in oak shingles. Winding is by tailpole and winch. The sails are a pair of Common sails, fitted with the Van Bussel system on their leading edges, and a pair Ten Have sails. They have a span of . They are carried on a cast iron windshaft, which was cast by the IJzergieterij De Prins van Oranje, The Hague, South Holland in 1873. The windshaft also carries the brake wheel, which has 60 cogs. This drives a wallower with 31 teeth, which is situated at the top of the upright shaft. At the bottom of the upright shaft is the great spur wheel, which has 78 cogs. This drives a pair of  Cullen stones via a lantern pinion stone nut with 22 staves.

Public access
De Kempermolen is open by appointment.

References

Windmills in Gelderland
Windmills completed in 1882
Tower mills in the Netherlands
Grinding mills in the Netherlands
Agricultural buildings in the Netherlands
Rijksmonuments in Gelderland
DHR A Class. The DHR A Class was a class of  gauge  well tank steam locomotives used on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR) in West Bengal, India.  It was the DHR's first standard design of locomotive.

Service history
A total of eight A Class locomotives served on the DHR.  The first two, nos. 9 and 10, were built by Sharp, Stewart & Co. in 1881.  The next four, nos. 11 to 14, were built the following year by Hunslet, although Sharp Stewart supplied the wheel centre forgings, chimney bases, all iron and brass castings and finished injectors.  The final two members of the class, nos. 15 and 16, were built by Sharp, Stewart in 1883.

With the exception of numbers 9 and 10, all had been withdrawn from service by 1911. Number 10 was withdrawn in 1944 while in 1948 no 9 passed into the ownership of the Indian government, along with 34 B Class engines.  It was withdrawn in 1954.

Livery
All members of the class were painted DHR green throughout their time in service.

Preservation
Only the frames of one A class were saved following withdrawal, these are kept at Tindharia.

See also

Indian Railways
Locomotives of India
Rail transport in India

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Hunslet locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1881
Steam locomotives of India
Sharp Stewart locomotives
0-4-0WT locomotives
2 ft gauge locomotives
Scrapped locomotives
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Technology. The Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Technology (PIET) is a private institution located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 2013. It offers undergraduate degree programs in engineering and computer science in affiliation with Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan . It is also accredited by the Pakistan Engineering Council for engineering programs.

Programs
The college offers following degree programs:

 BS Computer Science
 BE Civil Engineering
 BE Mechanical Engineering
 BE Electrical Engineering

References

External links 
 PIET official website

Engineering universities and colleges in Pakistan
Private universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Universities and colleges in Multan
Educational institutions established in 2013
2013 establishments in Pakistan
Food Packaging Forum. The Food Packaging Forum is a nonprofit foundation established in 2012 and based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is a science communication organization that provides information on chemicals in all food packaging materials and their impacts on health.  In doing so, the Food Packaging Forum aims to address a wide range of stakeholders, including business decision-makers, regulators, media and communication experts, scientists, and consumers. Topics within the organization's scope of work include issues such as chemical migration, endocrine disruptors, low dose effects, and mixture toxicity. It produces educational documents about these topics in plain language.

Operation
The Food Packaging Forum is operated by a foundation board with advice from a scientific advisory board consisting of independent scientists. It is funded by unconditional donations, mainly from glass packaging industry, as well as funding from the MAVA Foundation, the European Environment and Health Initiative, and the Plastics Solution Fund.

Events and Collaborations
The Food Packaging Forum organizes meetings, webinars, and presentations about food packaging issues and runs an annual workshop aimed to support dialogue surrounding improving food safety.

The Food Packaging Forum conducts studies about the chemicals in food packaging  and is a stakeholder in a range of research projects including the EU-funded project LIFE-EDESIA, which investigates chemical alternatives to bisphenols, phthalates and parabens. The Food Packaging Forum also contributed to the report "A Circular Economy for Plastics", published by the European Commission.

See also
Environmental Health

References

External links
 

Foundations based in Switzerland
Precious metal (disambiguation). A precious metal is a naturally occurring metal of high economic value.

Precious metal may also refer to:

Precious Metal (band), an American all-female band from the 1980s featuring Janet Robin
"Precious Metal", an episode from CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (season 3)
"Precious Metals", a song by the Canadian indie pop group The Russian Futurists
Precious Metal, a 2009 book by the publishers of  Decibel magazine
Precious Metal (aircraft), a custom-built race plane based on the North American P-51 Mustang
The Living Bridge. The Living Bridge () is a pedestrian bridge across the River Shannon linking the University of Limerick's premises in County Limerick and County Clare.

The bridge was designed by Arup Engineers and Wilkinson Eyre Architects to provide social and cultural space to encourage pedestrians to rest a while as they cross along the gently curved structure. At this point on the Shannon it is wide and shallow with many wooded islands which provide varied views and support for the piers. The deck is supported by two underslung catenary cables. Financed through a Public-private partnership, construction was undertaken by Eiffel Constructions Metalliques and completed in November 2007 at a cost of €12 million.  At 350 metres it is the longest pedestrian bridge in Ireland.

Awards and commendations
RIBA European Awards and Institution of Structural Engineers winner structural awards 2008 (Pedestrian Bridges). French Steel Construction Syndicate declared it as the most beautiful steel work (Bridges Category) in 2008.

References

Pedestrian bridges in the Republic of Ireland
Bridges in the Republic of Ireland
Buildings and structures in Limerick (city)
Buildings and structures in County Limerick
Buildings and structures in County Clare
Bridges completed in 2007
River Shannon
University of Limerick
21st-century architecture in the Republic of Ireland
IRIS Khalij-e Fars. Khalij-e Fars () is the lead ship of Project Loghman and an upcoming training ship/destroyer of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy currently under construction.

Construction

Work on the ship began on September 18, 2012 under the Project Loghman, after being confirmed by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

Description
Khalij-e Fars is set to be  long and would have a draft of .
The ship will approximately displace , and reportedly can reach top speed of . The nominal range of the ship is .

See also

 List of military equipment manufactured in Iran

References

External links
Profile at GlobalSecurity.org

Destroyers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy
Ships built at Iranian Naval Factories
Training ships
Wright's Automatic Machinery Company. Wright's Automatic Machinery Company, also known as Wright Machinery Company and Wright's Automatic Tobacco Packing Machine Company, is a historic machine factory located at Durham, North Carolina.

History
It was built in 1942, and is a two-story, square, modern architecture style, stuccoed brick factory building. It features a wide ribbon of glass block underscored by a continuous concrete sill stretches across the facade at each story and recessed double-leaf entrances set into cast-concrete peaked surrounds.

Construction
The building was constructed by the Defense Plant Corporation during World War II to support the manufacturing of gunfire control equipment for the United States Navy.

Later it was used to build precision instruments here for the U. S. military and later for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

See also
 Clark Equipment Company

References

External links
Rotary Printing Machine
Paper Sheeter Machines

Machine manufacturers
1942 establishments in North Carolina
Industrial buildings completed in 1942
Buildings and structures in Durham, North Carolina
Modern Movement architecture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Durham County, North Carolina
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Brick buildings and structures in North Carolina
Star Wars Tech. Star Wars Tech is a 2007 forty-six-minute television documentary about the science and technology of Star Wars including droids (robots) and other major aspects. The documentary was included in the special features in the Blu-ray release of all the Star Wars saga films.

It is directed by Rick Hill, who is also partially the writer alongside Kevin Burns and Steven Smith. Dave Hoffman serves as narrator. NASA propulsion engineer Todd Barber is also a credited participant of the documentary. Also included in the documentary are commentaries from predominant scientists such as Lawrence Krauss and Jeanne Cavelos.

References

External links
Star Wars Tech on IMDb

Star Wars documentaries
AkroTech Aviation. AkroTech Aviation, Inc. was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Scappoose, Oregon. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of kits for aerobatic aircraft. The company went out of business after 1998.

The company's two designs, the single-seat Giles G-200 and the two-seat G-202 were built from composites. The company could also supply completed ready-to-fly aircraft for the Experimental - exhibition category.

Aircraft

References

Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Aerobatic aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Auston switch. An Auston switch (also known as a photoconductive switch) is an optically gated antenna that is commonly used in the generation and detection of pulsed terahertz radiation. It is named after the physicist David H. Auston who first developed the technology at Bell Labs in the 1960s.

Working

An Auston switch consists of a transmission line antenna with a gap that is bridged by a semiconductor. For terahertz generation, a DC bias voltage is applied across the antenna. When light from a pulsed laser with femtosecond pulses is focused on the gap, it excites charge carriers into the semiconductor's conduction band, which are subsequently accelerated by the bias voltage. The induced acceleration from the photocurrent causes the charge carriers to radiate in terahertz frequencies, generating a pulse lasting several picoseconds.

For use as a terahertz detector, the switch consists of the same geometry but without the applied bias voltage. Instead, the incident terahertz pulse itself provides the bias field for the charge carriers during the interval when the switch is activated by the (much shorter) laser pulse. The induced photocurrent can then be amplified and measured. To map the entire span of the terahertz pulse, the time delay between the femtosecond pulses at generation and detection can be varied.

References

Terahertz technology
Optical devices
Optoelectronics
David H. Auston. David Henry Auston (born 1940) is a Canadian-born American physicist, known for his work on terahertz technology, and in particular, the development of the Auston switch.

Auston was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1940, and completed his B.A.Sc. and M.A. degrees in Engineering Physics and Electrical Engineering respectively, from the University of Toronto. He then moved to California to work at the General Motors Defense Laboratory, and completed his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley in 1969, working in the then-new area of laser physics. He was then offered a job at the AT&T Bell Labs with an open research mandate. Once there, he collaborated with materials scientist Alastair M. Glass to study properties of electro-optic crystals. Shortly after, he came up with the idea of using photoconducting antennae as both a source and detector of radiation, developing what came to be known as Auston switches.

After the downsizing of Bell Labs in 1987, Auston moved to Columbia University as Professor of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, then to Rice University as Provost in 1994, until being appointed President at Case Western Reserve University in 1999. In 2003, he moved back to Santa Barbara, California, to serve as the President of the Kavli Foundation.

Auston was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1989 for pioneering development in the field of picosecond and femtosecond optoelectronics.

References

Living people
1940 births
Scientists from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Columbia University faculty
Rice University faculty
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Presidents of Case Western Reserve University
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Alluvial Wall. Alluvial Wall is an outdoor 2001 sculpture by Peter Nylen and the architectural firm Rigga located along the Eastbank Esplanade in Portland, Oregon.

Description

The sculpture is made of mild steel, cast silicon bronze, cast iron and electric light, and measures ,  x  x , . It was funded by the City of Portland Development Commission's Percent for Art program.

According to the Regional Arts & Culture Council, which administers the work, Alluvial Wall "alludes to the interwoven layers of the river's pre-industrial alluvial geology. It is an echo of the natural shape of the river before Portland was Portland." In her walking tour of Portland, one author said the sculpture resembles "what you might see on a beach after the tide goes out". Its copper "kelp-like strips" are embedded with black metal objects, including a child's ball, a morel mushroom and a railroad spike.

The sculpture is one of four by Rigga along the esplanade; the others are Echo Gate and Stack Stalk by Ean Eldred and Ghost Ship by James Harrison. Alluvial Wall is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

See also

 2001 in art
 Statue of Vera Katz, a 2006 sculpture of Vera Katz along the Eastbank Esplanade

References

External links
 Alluvial Wall at the Public Art Archive

2001 establishments in Oregon
2001 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Portland, Oregon
Buckman, Portland, Oregon
Iron sculptures in the United States
Outdoor sculptures in Southeast Portland, Oregon
Steel sculptures in Portland, Oregon
N. Viswanadham. Nukala Viswanadham (born 9 November 1943 in India), an Indian academic, is currently an INSA Senior Scientist at the Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science. He is a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He is an elected Fellow of Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Academy of Engineering, and IEEE. He was a recipient of the S.K. Mitra Memorial Award of INAE. He worked at the Indian Institute of Science as a Professor, at the National University of Singapore, and Indian School of Business.

Education
Bachelor of Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
Master in Engineering, Indian Institute of Science
PhD, Indian Institute of Science

Professional
Viswanadham is the Chief Editor of Sadhana, Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences. He was the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering during 2008-2012.

Awards, honors, and fellowships
Fellow IEEE
Fellow of The Third World Academy of Sciences, Italy
Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy
Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
S.K.Mitra Memorial Award of Indian National Academy of Engineering

Books
N.Viswanadham, V.V.S. Sarma and M.G. Singh, "Reliability of Computer and Control Systems", North-Holland Systems and Control series, Amsterdam, Vol.8, 446 pages, 1987.
N. Viswanadham and Y. Narahari, "Performance Modelling of Automated Manufacturing Systems", Prentice Hall, USA, 592 pages, 1992.
N. Viswanadham, "Analysis of Manufacturing Enterprises: An approach to leverage the value delivery processes to competitive advantage", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 312 pages, 1999.
N. Viswanadham and S. Kameshwaran, "Ecosystem Aware Global Supply Chain Management", World Scientific Publishing, 2013.
N. Viswanadham,"Recent Advances in Modelling and Control of Stochastic Systems", Indian Academy of Sciences, 1991, p. 169.

Selected publications

References

External links
Lcm.csa.iisc.ernet.in

1943 births
Living people
Andhra University alumni
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Indian computer scientists
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science
Pankaj Jalote. Pankaj Jalote was the Director of Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology. 
Jalote is a Fellow of the IEEE and INAE.

Before joining IIIT Delhi, he worked as the Microsoft Chair Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Delhi. Jalote has also taught at the Department of Computer Science at IIT Kanpur and University of Maryland.

Education
Prof Jalote completed his PhD from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1985, M.S. from Pennsylvania State University in 1982 and BTech from IIT Kanpur in 1980.

Articles and books published
Prof Jalote has published numerous papers and articles in leading journals and newspapers.

He has authored following books:
 Building Research Universities in India, SAGE Publishing
 Software Project Management in Practice, Addison Wesley
 CMM in Practice: Processes for executing software projects at Infosys, Addison Wesley
 An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering, Springer, New York
 Fault Tolerance in Distributed Systems, Prentice Hall
 Software Engineering: A Precise Approach, Wesley

References

Academic staff of IIT Delhi
Academic staff of IIT Kanpur
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rare Metals. Rare metal or Rare Metals may refer to:

 Avalon Rare Metals, the former name of Avalon Advanced Materials, a Canadian mineral extraction company
 GPS, V1: Rare Metals, an album by trumpeter Dave Douglas
 Precious metal, any metal of very high value
 Rare-earth element, a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals
 Rare Metals, Arizona, an unincorporated community in the United States

See also
 Precious metal (disambiguation)