omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Ralph A. Tudor. Ralph Arnold Tudor (March 19, 1902 – November 12, 1963) was an American builder, civil engineer and Under Secretary of the United States Interior Department. The Ralph A. Tudor Medal awarded by the Society of American Military Engineers is named for him.

Biography
Ralph Arnold Tudor was born in Colorado Springs on March 19, 1902, and grew up in western Oregon. He graduated from Sutherlin High School in 1919. Tudor earned a degree in civil engineering specializing in hydraulics at Cornell University in June 1925. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in June 1923, and was an officer in the Corps of Engineers from June 1924 until leaving the Army in August 1929. Tudor later worked for a number of construction companies in the San Francisco area where he specialized in road and bridge construction.

He married Mary Lucile Taylor in 1925, and they had one daughter.

Tudor returned to the Army during World War II, serving as a colonel in the Corps of Engineers from March 1941 to April 1946.  He was awarded the Legion of Merit for his wartime service. After the war, he lived in San Francisco and then in Palo Alto, California.

Tudor was acquainted with Douglas McKay, a former governor of Oregon, who was appointed Secretary of the Interior by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. In March 1953, McKay arranged to have Tudor appointed Under Secretary of the Interior. As Under Secretary, Tudor was responsible for much of the administrative work of the department. He helped select persons to run the various bureaus that were part of the Interior Department, including the Bureau of Mines, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bonneville Power Administration. Tudor coordinated the Department's legislative program and was involved with a number of environmental issues that arose during the early years of the Eisenhower administration, including the Hells Canyon and Echo Park controversies. Tudor served until September 1954 when he resigned to return to his construction business in California.

He died from a heart attack at his home in Atherton, California on November 12, 1963, and was buried at West Point Cemetery.

References

External links
Papers of Ralph A. Tudor, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
Finding aid to the Tudor Engineering Company Records, Bancroft Library

1902 births
1963 deaths
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Oregon
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
American military engineers
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army colonels
Engineers from San Francisco
People from Palo Alto, California
Eisenhower administration personnel
United States Department of the Interior officials
People from Atherton, California
Burials at West Point Cemetery
William H. Latham. William H. Latham (November 9, 1903 – January 15, 1987) was a senior engineer with the New York Power Authority.

After growing up in Norwich, Connecticut, he graduated from MIT with a degree in civil engineering in 1926.

Beginning in 1927, he was professionally associated with Robert Moses, the "master builder" of New York City and Long Island.

Prior to being responsible for the Niagara Project Latham had been in charge of the Power Authorities first hydroelectric project on the St Lawrence River. In 1956, when he was appointed to direct the construction of the Power Authority's Niagara Project, it was the largest project of its kind in the world.

New York Power Authority's primary icebreaker, the William H. Latham, is named after him.

He was described as "an athlete and outdoorsman ... a tall, rangy man with huge shoulders and an easy, friendly grin."

References

1903 births
1987 deaths
American civil engineers
20th-century American engineers
Varga 2150 Kachina. The Varga 2150 Kachina is an American all-metal, low-wing, fixed-gear, two-seat light aircraft fitted with a tricycle undercarriage.

Design
In 1948, American aircraft test pilot/aircraft designer W.J. Morrisey produced a wood-and-fabric light aircraft, the 1000C (Nifty). In 1958 he reworked that basic design, giving it an all-metal structure and increased power. The aircraft is a cantilever low-wing monoplane with plain ailerons and two-position trailing-edge flaps, conventional empennage, fixed nosewheel landing gear, and tandem seating. Dual controls are provided as standard equipment.

Development

In 1958 The Morrisey Aviation Inc. company began building the re-designed aircraft. Two units were completed as the Morrisey 2000. A further improvement came with the Morrisey 2150, incorporating a 108 hp Lycoming O-235 engine. The company built nine aircraft by the end of 1959.

The construction and design rights were then sold to Shinn Engineering Inc. which built 35 improved Shinn 2150A aircraft with a  Lycoming O-320-A2C engine, before ceasing production in 1962.

The 2150A design rights were sold in 1967 to used aircraft parts supplier George Varga who formed the Varga Aircraft Corporation. The Varga 2150A Kachina was built at Chandler, Arizona between 1975 and 1982. 121 2150A Kachinas were completed together with 18 examples of the Varga 2180 with a 180 hp Lycoming O-360-A2D engine. A tailwheel option was available as the Varga 2150TG.

Bill Morrisey later re-acquired the design rights and then launched a kit version of the original Morrisey 2000C.

The Morrisey/Shinn/Varga 2150 remains in widespread use in the US and several aircraft are flown in Europe and South America.

Variants

Morrisey 2000C
Variant with Lycoming O-235 engine
Morrisey 2150
Variant with Lycoming O-320-A2C engine.
Shinn 2150
Morrisey 2150 built by Shinn Engineering.
Varga 2150A Kachina
Morrisey 2150 built by Varga Aircraft.
Varga 2150TG
Tailwheel version of the 2150A
Varga 2180 Kachina
Variant with Lycoming O-360-A2D engine.

Specifications (2150A)

See also

Notes

References

1950s United States civil utility aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1958
Bruce Maggs. Bruce MacDowell Maggs is an American computer scientist and professor at Duke University whose research interests include computer networks, distributed systems, and computer security. He was a founding employee and served as vice president for Research and Development for Akamai Technologies. He is currently the Director of Engineering at Emerald Innovations, Inc.

Biography 
Maggs earned his B.S. (1985), M.S (1986), and Ph.D. (1989) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After graduating, he worked for NEC Research Institute as a research scientist.

In 1994, he joined the Computer Science department at Carnegie Mellon University, rising to the rank of full professor with tenure.

In 1998, Maggs took three semesters off of teaching to become a founding employee of the then-startup Akamai Technologies (Nasdaq: AKAM). While at Akamai, he became Vice President of Research and Development. He currently serves as Vice President of Research for the company.

From 1998 to 1999, Maggs was on the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a Visiting Associate Professor.

In 2007, Maggs joined the faculty of Duke University, where he is currently the Pelham Wilder Professor of Computer Science. He holds a dual appointment to the Electrical Engineering department of Duke's Pratt School of Engineering.

He is currently on leave from Duke University to serve as the Director of Engineering at Emerald Innovations, Inc.

Personal life
Bruce Maggs is the brother of Federal Judge Gregory E. Maggs.

Other achievements
Apart from leading the early engineering efforts for Akamai, Maggs was a co-creator of Avatar, a popular early multiplayer online game developed at the University of Illinois in the late 1970s.

Recognition
Maggs was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2018 for "contributions to the development of content distribution networks and the theory of computer networks".

References

External links
 Bruce Maggs's Homepage
 Bruce Maggs's Publications on DBLP
 An Interview with Bruce Maggs, vice-president for R&D at Akamai Tech - Mihai Budiu, Netreport, March 2001

Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Duke University faculty
2018 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Acetyltributylcitrate. Acetyltributylcitrate is an organic compound that is used as a plasticizer. As such, it is a potential replacement of DEHP and DINP. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is found in nail polish and other cosmetics. It is prepared by acetylation of tributylcitrate.

References

Acetate esters
Citrate esters
Excipients
Plasticizers
Butyl esters
Malaysia Federal Route 276. Federal Route 276, comprising Jalan Baru Changlun and Jalan Lama Changlun, is a federal road in Kedah, Malaysia. The Kilometre Zero is located at Changlun.

Features
At most sections, the Federal Route 276 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.

List of interchanges, junctions and towns

Jalan Baru Changlun (new roads)

Jalan Lama Changlun (old roads)

References

276
Arpechim Refinery. Arpechim Refinery  was one of the largest Romanian refineries and one of the largest in Europe, located in Pitești, Argeș County, and had both refining and petrochemical capacities. It was closed in 2011. The refinery had two processing modules with a nominal capacity of 6.5 million tonnes/year. The facility was connected by pipeline to the oil fields in the Oltenia Region and to the Port of Constanţa. The refinery produced around 60% of all the bitumen used in Romania.

History
Arpechim was founded in 1964 in a strategic industrial zone located in Southern Romania near Pitești. In the same year the refinery built its first plant specialised in the production of carbon black. In 1967 another two distinct units were established, the Pitești Refinery and the Petrochemical Complex () and the Thermal Power Station (). In 1971 the refinery was integrated with the Petrochemical Complex. In 1997 the state established Petrom as the national oil company also including the Arpechim Refinery. In 1999 Arpechim becomes the first refinery in Europe to produce and export diesel with a reduced sulfur content. In 2005 the refinery concludes the building of a new gasoil hydrotreater and new hydrogen plant. 

In 2007, Petrom started negotiations with Oltchim (a major petrochemical company in Romania) for the sale of the petrochemical sector from the Arpechim Refinery. The two companies agreed on the transaction and Oltchim had to pay around US$ 150 million to close the deal. On February 17, 2009, Petrom decided to sell the petrochemical sector of the Arpechim Refinery to Oltchim for the price of 1 euro (US$ 1.25), but the buying company has to invest US$ 140 million in the sector due to contract clauses.

The Arpechim Refinery closed in 2011. EUR 52m was allocated by OMV in 2022 for remedial work to the soil on the old site.

References

External links
Official site

Oil and gas companies of Romania
Oil refineries in Romania
Pitești
Buildings and structures in Argeș County
Companies of Argeș County
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1964
John Skilling. John Skilling (October 8, 1921 in Los Angeles, California – March 5, 1998 in Seattle, Washington) was a civil engineer and architect, best known for being the chief structural engineer of the World Trade Center.

Early life
John Skilling graduated from the University of Washington in 1947 with a B.S. in civil engineering and started working for an engineering firm called W.H. Witt Co, which is now known as Magnusson Klemencic Associates. He married at a young age and had three children—two girls and a boy.

Engineering work
John started working for the W.H.Witt Co. soon after graduation. In 1983, he became the chairman of the firm. Prominent constructions under his leadership include the World Trade Center, Rainier Bank Tower, the Seafirst Building, Seafirst Fifth Avenue Tower, Century Square, Columbia Seafirst Center and the Washington State Convention and Trade Center.

Seattle Times interview
In 1993 after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, John Skilling said in an interview to the Seattle Times that according to their studies the World Trade Center was strong enough to withstand the impact of a Boeing 707. The only thing they were worried about was, in case of an airplane crash, the dumping of all airfuel into the building which would cause a horrendous fire. The building structure would still be there.

References

External links 
 Biography at HistoryLink

1921 births
1998 deaths
Businesspeople from Seattle
University of Washington College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American architects
20th-century American businesspeople
Blackburn B-7. The Blackburn B-7 was a single-engine two/three-seat biplane built to a British Air Ministry specification for a general-purpose, multitasking aircraft. It first flew in 1934, but no contracts were issued and only one aircraft was completed.

Development
Air Ministry specification G.4/31 called for an aircraft to replace the Westland Wapiti and Fairey Gordon. The task list was long: day and night light bombing, dive bombing, reconnaissance and army cooperation. The specification attracted interest across the British aircraft industry and eight manufacturers were immediately involved in preparing prototypes, three receiving contracts and the others going forward as private ventures. Blackburn became involved only when the Air Ministry extended the role list to include coastal defence and torpedo bombing, Blackburn's speciality.

Their contender became known as the B-7 after the Class B marking it carried and lacking an old-style Blackburn-type number. It was built on the Shark production line and had much in common with it. The Shark had introduced a new wing construction to Blackburn, each wing having two outward slanting (at about 45°, rather than vertical), slightly distorted N-type struts linked by a single strut from the lower front to upper rear spars. As a result of this Warren girder structure, few bracing wires compared to past practice were needed. The wings were slightly staggered and swept and had the same span and much smaller lower wing as the Shark. Unlike the Shark the wings did not fold; another significant difference was that wing area was increased to enhance the load carrying performance by increasing the chord. The B-7 shared with the Shark the semi-monocoque aluminium-clad watertight fuselage first seen on the M.1/30A and the divided main undercarriage necessitated by the torpedo-dropping role.

Accommodation, equipment and armament was similar to that of the Shark. They also shared the 700 hp (520 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IV engine. The B-7 first flew on 28 November 1934.

Operational history
The B-7 was flown to Martlesham Heath for competitive trials in May 1935 and completed in October that year. By now, the specification was four years old, requirements had changed and there was little official interest in the results and none of the nine manufacturers was awarded a contract. Shortly afterwards, the B-7 was scrapped.

Specifications (bomber)

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

B-07
1930s British military aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1934
Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
MV Retriever. MV Retriever was a World War II-era Landing Craft Utility transferred to NASA from the U.S. Army. It was used to train United States astronauts for post-splashdown ocean recovery operations and water egress from their command modules during the Gemini and Apollo programs from 1963 to 1972. It operated primarily in Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico.

MV Retriever was one of 500 Mk V LCTs built (numbered, not named). LCU-1530 was acquired by NASA under a reimbursable loan agreement dated 4 March 1963, from the U.S. Army at Ft. Eustis, Virginia.

The sides of the vessel's midsection were cut down, a new bridge built and a hoist added for NASA use. It was under the jurisdiction of the Manned Spacecraft Center's Landing and Recovery Division, and its captains included Frank M. Gammon, Sr., CWO, US Army and Dino E. Bernardi, USCG (1971–72).

In 1972, NASA transferred the MV Retriever to the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) in Gloucester, Virginia, where it was used to support marine research in the Chesapeake Bay area until it was retired.

Gallery

References

External links 

NASA vehicles
Landing craft of the United States Navy
Maritime vessels related to spaceflight
1954 ships
Chennai Rapid Bus Transit Ways. See also Chennai BRTS, another planned bus transit system.

The Chennai Rapid Bus Transit Ways (RBTW) is a part of the Medium-term and Long-term Transport Scheme proposed in the Second Master Plan by the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA). This is not a part of Chennai BRTS, which is proposed on a separate elevated road that is to be constructed as circular corridors.

The Rapid Bus ways proposed along the following 7 routes, covering a distance of 100 km, would be taken up in the Medium-term Transportation Scheme

 Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR/IT Corridor) [20 km]
 Taramani Link Road [5 km]
 MBI Road [15 km]
 Pallavaram - Thoraipakkam Road [15 km]
 Sardar Patel Road [10 km]
 NSK Salai (Arcot Road) - KS Road [20 km]
 St. Thomas Mount - Poonamalle (Mount. Poonamalle Road) [15 km]

The following 8 routes will be covered in the Long-term Transportation Scheme

 Anna Salai [30 km]
 Poonamallee High Road [25 km]
 Jawaharlal Nehru Salai (IRR) [45 km]
 GNT Road [20 km]
 CTH Road [15 km]
 Chennai Bypass [20 km]
 Outer Ring Road (ORR) [62 km]
 CMBT - Sriperumbudur [25 km]

References

Urban transit in Chennai
Proposed bus rapid transit in India
Proposed infrastructure in Tamil Nadu
Louis Morin. Louis George Morin (18 February 1922 – 3 May 2003) was an American chemist and inventor.

Biography

Morin was born in Saint-Paul-de-Montminy, Quebec and immigrated to the United States as a child.  He began experimenting with the use of crystals in radio transmitter design while serving in the U.S. Army during the Second World War and later operated several commercial electroplating facilities in Westchester County, New York. In 1969, Morin produced the gold-plated mesh used on the Apollo Lunar Module’s erectable S-band antenna.  He held numerous patents in the field of electrochemistry and developed a number of original methods for the electroplating of non-metallic filaments.  In 1980, Morin used the latter methods to produce the dielectric composite in the stealth technology airframe of the B-2 Spirit. Morin lived in Tarrytown, New York and spent the later years of his life working in experimental crystallography.  He also recorded a series of audio lectures that were widely disseminated throughout the metal finishing industry. He died of heart failure in the Bronx, New York.

External links
 Finishing.com Podcasts
 Louis Morin's Patent Information
Obituary for Louis Morin

20th-century American chemists
1922 births
2003 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Committee on Scientists and Engineers. The Committee on Scientists and Engineers was created by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower as the result of recommendations of an earlier Special Interdepartmental Committee and was charged with taking action in all appropriate ways to promote a substantial growth in the national supply of scientific and technological manpower. It was established on April 3, 1956 as the National Committee for the Development of Scientists and Engineers, but on May 7, 1957 the name was shortened. The final report of the Committee was submitted to the President on December 17, 1958, and the Committee expired on December 31, 1958.

Committee objectives 
To assist the Federal Government in identifying the problems associated with the development of more highly qualified scientists and engineers.
To enlist the cooperation of all interested individuals and groups in analyzing the problem and developing programs to deal with it, and to take the lead in coordination of interested organizations outside the Federal Government.
To make available to all interested organizations information on effective ways of overcoming the obstacles to the training of more qualified scientists and engineers.
To publicize the problem and possible solutions in order to stimulate widespread public understanding and support.
To provide the President, from time to time, with a report of progress.

Committee members 
Chairman Dr. Howard L. Bevis, President-emeritus of Ohio State University
Vice-Chairman Dr. Eric A. Walker, President of Pennsylvania State University

The Committee was made up of representatives from major national organizations concerned with the education, training, and utilization of scientific and engineering personnel.

References

External links
U.S. President's Committee on Scientists and Engineers Records, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

1956 establishments in the United States
Scientists and Engineers
SBMV Protocol. SBMV Protocol is an advanced encrypted telemetry that uses short-burst, multi-version technology.

Telemetry
Telemetry technology enables “the remote measurement and reporting of information”.
Telemetry is also a “highly automated communications process by which measurements are made and other data collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving equipment for monitoring, display, and recording.”

Methodology
SBMV technology is based on quantum cryptography, "an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods."

SBMV Protocol encrypts data by quickly breaking text, numerical, and/or image data into tens of thousands of small packets that are then copied into hundreds of thousands of slightly altered versions. This technology renders interception useless because it becomes statistically impossible for the intercepting party to have enough time and computing resources to select which version is the true and correct version among millions of versions of the data.

Origins
SBMV Protocol was first created in 1971 for spacecraft, missile, RPV, oil rig, and chemical plant telemetry and telecommand links by mathematicians David Yeeda and Andrei Krolovich, who formed The Aeorads Company for commercial and military aerospace applications of SBMV technology. New Methods, op cit.

Uses
SBMV technology was further developed with Internet Protocol applications at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (United States Air Force Research Laboratory) in Ohio, where defense contractor Aeorads Company refined the technology for web-based uses in aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles. A non-classified civilian version of SBMV technology was also created for chemical plants and remote oil rigs and alternative energy wind farms (primarily for offshore and very remote facilities).

References

External links
 The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
 International Society of Advanced Cryptology, J. Encryp. Telemetry
 Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System and Digital Library for Physics and Astronomy of the High Energy Astrophysics Division at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Telemetry