omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic semiconductor. Pragmatic semiconductor is a UK based flexible microchip maker, with HQ located in Cambridge England. In 2023 it received  the largest ever venture financing for a European chip company of around £182 million in total.

 It has located its manufacturing facility, or foundry, in County Durham. 

Founded in 2010, Pragmatic offers  ultra-low-cost, flexible integrated circuits (FlexIC) technology. FlexICs are thinner than a human hair, can be bended  and are able to be embedded inside objects like product packaging. They are  then accessed through radio interface technology (HF RFID near-field ) that does not require a clear line of sight.

External links 

 https://www.pragmaticsemi.com/ Company webpage

References 

Microchip Technology hardware
G4222 He County–Xiangyang Expressway. The G4222 He County–Xiangyang Expressway (), also referred to as the Hexiang Expressway (), is an expressway in China that connects He County, Anhui to Xiangyang, Hubei.

Route

Anhui
The Ninghe Expressway has a design speed on  with a total length of . It is expected to start construction at the end of August 2024 and be completed at the end of August 2027.

The section in Hefei has a length of  and a design speed of .

The section from Tongyang to Fengle has a total length of , of which approximately  will pass through the Chaohu Tunnel. Construction started in 2024 and is slated for completion in 2029.

On 15 December 2022, the construction of the section from Shucheng to Jinzhai started, with a length of . The section from Feixi, Feixi County to Shucheng has a length of  with a design speed of .

Henan
On 28 June 2021, construction began of the sections from Mount Jigong to Shangcheng (boundary of Hubei and Anhui provinces) and from Minggang to Mount Jigong. The total length of the section from Jigong Mountain to Shangcheng is  and has a design speed of .

Hubei
The section in Suizhou has a length of  and has a design speed of .

The Xiangyang section is approximately , which includes  in Zaoyang and  in Xiangzhou. Construction of this section started in 2024.

References

Chinese national-level expressways
Expressways in Anhui
Expressways in Henan
Expressways in Hubei
Kelly Ortberg. Robert Kelly Ortberg (born April 1960) is an American business executive and the president and CEO of Boeing. He was previously the president and CEO of Rockwell Collins.

Early life and education 
Robert Kelly Ortberg was born to Carol M. (née Koelker) and Robert L. Ortberg in April 1960. He is a native of Dubuque, Iowa. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa in 1982.

Career 
Ortberg started his career in 1983 as an engineer at Texas Instruments before joining Rockwell Collins in 1987 as a program manager. In 2001, he was promoted from vice president to vice president and general manager of communication systems at Rockwell Collins. He rose through the ranks at Rockwell Collins and became the president and CEO of the company in 2013. Ortberg held the position for five years until the company was acquired by United Technologies (UTC) in 2018. Ortberg stayed on to lead the merger of Rockwell Collins and UTC Aerospace Systems to form Collins Aerospace, where he was again named CEO. Ortberg would remain with the company through its merger with Raytheon in 2020 to form the RTX Corporation. He retired from RTX in 2021.

Ortberg was chair of the board of governors of the Aerospace Industries Association. He is on the board of directors of Aptiv.

Ortberg became a member of Boeing's board of directors after becoming its president and CEO on August 8, 2024. Ortberg has chosen to be based in the Seattle area, where the company's main commercial aircraft assembly plants are located. His decision comes more than two decades after Boeing leadership decided to move company headquarters out of Seattle.

Personal life 
Ortberg married Valerie Dee Heitman on August 13, 1983. They have two daughters.

References 

1960 births
Living people
Boeing people
People from Dubuque, Iowa
University of Iowa alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Texas Instruments people
Planar reentry equations. The planar reentry equations are the equations of motion governing the unpowered reentry of a spacecraft, based on the assumptions of planar motion and constant mass, in an Earth-fixed reference frame.where the quantities in these equations are:

  is the velocity
  is the flight path angle
  is the altitude
  is the atmospheric density
  is the ballistic coefficient
  is the gravitational acceleration
  is the radius from the center of a planet with equatorial radius 
  is the lift-to-drag ratio
  is the bank angle of the spacecraft.

Simplifications

Allen-Eggers solution 
Harry Allen and Alfred Eggers, based on their studies of ICBM trajectories, were able to derive an analytical expression for the velocity as a function of altitude. They made several assumptions:

 The spacecraft's entry was purely ballistic .
 The effect of gravity is small compared to drag, and can be ignored.
 The flight path angle and ballistic coefficient are constant.
 An exponential atmosphere, where , with  being the density at the planet's surface and  being the scale height.

These assumptions are valid for hypersonic speeds, where the Mach number is greater than 5. Then the planar reentry equations for the spacecraft are:

Rearranging terms and integrating from the atmospheric interface conditions at the start of reentry  leads to the expression:

The term  is small and may be neglected, leading to the velocity:

Allen and Eggers were also able to calculate the deceleration along the trajectory, in terms of the number of g's experienced , where  is the gravitational acceleration at the planet's surface. The altitude and velocity at maximum deceleration are:

It is also possible to compute the maximum stagnation point convective heating with the Allen-Eggers solution and a heat transfer correlation; the Sutton-Graves correlation is commonly chosen. The heat rate  at the stagnation point, with units of Watts per square meter, is assumed to have the form:

where  is the effective nose radius. The constant  for Earth. Then the altitude and value of peak convective heating may be found:

Equilibrium glide condition 
Another commonly encountered simplification is a lifting entry with a shallow, slowly-varying, flight path angle. The velocity as a function of altitude can be derived from two assumptions:

 The flight path angle is shallow, meaning that: .
 The flight path angle changes very slowly, such that .

From these two assumptions, we may infer from the second equation of motion that:

See also 

Atmospheric entry
Hypersonic flight

References

Further reading 

 Regan, F.J.; Anandakrishnan, S.M. (1993). Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry. AIAA Education Series. pp. 180-184.

Atmospheric entry
Differential equations
Aerospace engineering
Classical mechanics
Vytautas Mykolas Kalmantas. Vytautas Mykolas Kalmantas (12 February 1932 – 18 July 2008) was a Lithuanian-Soviet foil fencer, handgun shooter, and electrical engineer who is credited for the invention of the semi-automatic core wrapping machine.

Biography
Vytautas Mykolas Kalmantas was born on 12 February 1932 in Kaunas to Mykolas Kalmantas and Vanda Kalmantienė (née Gintilaitė). From 1955 to 1960, he coached the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute athletes team. After graduating in 1960, Kalmantas was senior engineer of electric networks in Vilnius. From 1965 to 1970 he was a radio component factory constructor. From 1970 to 1978 Kalmantas headed a department of the Institute of Urban Construction and Design. From 1978 to 1989 he was one of the institute's senior managers, and from 1989 to 1992 was a designer of the Esta company. Kalmantas died on 18 July 2008 in Vilnius.

Sports career
Kalmantas was the recipient of many prizes for shooting sports and fencing from 1947 to 1970. He was awarded Master of Sport of the USSR for his performance in a fencing championship in 1958 and a shooting championship in 1968. In Lithuania, Kalmantas was a prominent shooter, being champion in 1953, and later holding a 25-meter distance shooting record in 1968 with a small caliber pistol, scoring 592 points out of 600. He also won a shooting championship in 1957. Kalmantas achieved third place in a 1951 USSR javelin junior championship. Kalmantas was foil individual champion in 1956, 1958, and 1960; team champion in 1956, 1957, 1958, and 1971; individual champion of a Spartakiad hosted for countries of the Baltic region in 1957 and 1966, and team champion in 1957. He also achieved seventh place in the 1956 foil Spartakiad, second place in a 1957 USSR championship, and first place in a students' championship in 1960. In 1966 Kalmantas became a fencing judge of "international category". He refereed fencing in the 1980 Summer Olympics, and was the general secretary of the Lithuanian Fencing Federation.

Kalmantas's first coach was Juozas Ūdras. Famous students of Kalmantas include Stasys Šaparnis, Jurijus Moskvičiovas, and Simas Žekonis.

References

1932 births
2008 deaths
Soviet male fencers
Lithuanian male foil fencers
Methanesulfonyl azide. Methanesulfonyl azide is the azide of methanesulfonic acid. It is used as a reagent for the production of diazo compounds.

Preparation 
Methanesulfonyl azide can be prepared from methanesulfonyl chloride by reaction with sodium azide in ethanol or methanol, Preparation in situ is also possible, for example in acetonitrile, and is advantageous to avoid explosion hazards.

Properties 
Methanesulfonyl azide melts at 18 °C and decomposes from 120 °C. Like many other azides, it is explosive. At low temperature, methanesulfonyl azide crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system in the space group P1 with the lattice parameters a = 5.6240 Å; b = 5.9498 Å, c = 7.6329 Å, α = 72.216°, β = 70.897°, and γ = 88.601°, and two molecules per unit cell.

Reactions 
Methanesulfonyl azide is a suitable reagent for introducing diazo compounds into other compounds. Historically, tosylazide was mainly used for this purpose. However, nowadays, compounds that are less explosive and/or form an amide after diazo transfer, which can be easily separated from the reaction products, are often used. In addition to imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide and 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide, methanesulfonyl azide is also utilized. The advantages of methanesulfonyl azide are particularly its simple and inexpensive production and the straightforward purification of the reaction mixture. Starting from Ω-bromoacetophenone, by reaction with trimethylphosphite, and then with sodium hydride and methanesulfonyl azide, a diazo reagent can be produced, which can convert aldehydes into alkynes. This method works similarly to the reaction with the Ohira-Bestmann reagent but is significantly more expensive to produce.

The photolysis of methanesulfonyl azide in a matrix of argon or neon yields a short-lived nitrene. If methanesulfonyl azide is irradiated in the presence of a hydrocarbon, methanesulfonyl amide is formed, as well as N-substituted derivatives by reaction with the hydrocarbon.

References

Alkyl compounds
Azido compounds
Adrian-George Axinia. Adrian-George Axinia (born 18 October 1977) is a Romanian civil engineer and politician of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians who was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024. He is a vice president of the party and served in the Chamber of Deputies from 2020 to 2024.

References

1977 births
Living people
Alliance for the Union of Romanians politicians
MEPs for Romania 2024–2029
Romanian civil engineers
1961 Worcester Tech Engineers football team. The 1961 Worcester Tech Engineers football team  was an American football team that represented the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) as an independent during the 1961 college football season. In their 15th year under head coach Robert W. Pritchard, the Engineers compiled a 3–4 record and outscored opponents by a total of 140 to 93. The team played home games at Alumni Stadium in Worcester, Massachusetts.

Quarterback Peter Martin led the team in both passing (39-for-89, 556 yards) and total offense (520 yards).

Schedule

Statistics
Worcester Tech tallied 1,526 yards of total offense (218 yards per game), consisting of 937 rushing yards (134 yards per game) and 589 passing yards (84 yards per game). On defense, the Engineers gave up 1,297 yards (185.3 yards per game), including 787 rushing yards (112 yards per game) and 510 passing yards (73 yards per game).

Peter Martin led the team in passing, completing 39 of 89 attempts for 556 yards with five touchdowns and eight interceptions. Despite losing 36 rushing yards, Martin also led the team with 520 yards of total offense. The team's rushing leaders were Ronald Gemma (352 yards on 63 carries) and Robert Grenier (215 yards on 62 carries). The receiving leaders were George Oldham (10 receptions for 187 yards and no touchdowns) and William Shields (eight receptions for 127 yards and a touchdown). The scoring leaders were Robert Grenier (five touchdowns, 30 points) and Ronald Gemma and Michael Littizzio (four touchdowns and 24 points each). Richard Ryczek handled punting duties, making 19 punts for 640 yards, an average of 33.7 yards per punt.

References

Worcester Tech
WPI Engineers football seasons
Worcester Tech Engineers football
NCSIST 2.75in rockets remote weapon station. NCSIST 2.75in rockets remote weapon station is a Taiwanese remote weapon station made by NCSIST to launch Mk66 2.75inch rockets. The system is eligible of using multiple types of fuzing techniques to cope with the needs of the user in both military and policing scenarios.

History 
During the development stage, the team of engineers at NCSIST highly utilized experiences that they had gained during the previous developments of the Kestrel ATM and XTR-101/102 systems. The team first displayed a system called "Coastal Defense Rocket Artillery System" with 12 7-cell pods at TADTE (Taipei Aerospace and Defense Exhibition) 2015, but didn't receive any orders, or much interest, from the ROC Army. The system than was set aside until the CGA established "Plan of Procuring CG Vessels (2018 to 2027)", which gave the team an opportunity to persuade the system for CG usage. Due to the high need of 40mm guns (namely the Bofors 40mm), there's no excess guns for the CGA to use in arsenal. Therefore, the CGA turned to a modified version of the artillery system prototype with 6 turrets instead of the original 12 for use on Anping-class OPVs and Chiayi-class OPVs.

Design and Development
The shipborne version debuted at the commission ceremony of the ROC Coast Guard 600 ton OPV, where it was given the name "鎮海火箭彈系統" (in traditional Chinese form). Due to the low need of massive fire projection, the Coast Guard version is solely armed with 6 launch pods, each featuring 7 rockets. The warheads are then derived into "High Explosive", "Anti-Armor", and "Area Destruction", along a later version of "Lighting" for SAR missions. The "Lighting" version can last for more than five minutes to support continuous operations at night.

During the first batch of the RWS, the system experienced issues on low operable elevation due to the overall height of the system. Later on, starting from the forth delivery of the Anping-class OPVs, the team developed a new version featuring an integrated cupola and elevated pedestal, which expanded the possible operating scenarios and elevation.

Gallery

References 

Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)
Naval weapons
Explosive weapons
Projectile weapons
Multiple rocket launchers
Remote weapon stations
Glass etching (graffiti). Glass etching is a method of creating graffiti using a strong acid solution. Apart from the creation of decorative windows, the etching technique itself has also spread to the field of graffiti subculture mainly due to its permanence. Graffiti created in this way can only be removed by grinding the affected glass.

Definition 
Hydrofluoric acid is most often used to etch glass in a special marker equipped with a tip formed by a bed with a round footprint that runs down a vertical surface. The flow intensity can be influenced by pressing the marker. After applying the liquid to the glass surface, a permanent impression is formed, which cannot be removed by cleaning. Due to the handling of corrosive acid, this is a very dangerous process.

History
The glass etching process was developed in Sweden in the 18th century, from where it spread to Europe and became popular in Victorian England. According to an article in the Los Angeles Times glass etching was first utilised as a method of creating graffiti by protesters during the Battle of Seattle. Within just a few years use of the technique then spread down the West Coast occurring in cities across California. Within a decade glass etched graffiti was reported to have spread across the country with graffiti artists in Jamaica Plain using etch products. In 2009 a bill put forward by Peter Vallone Jr., was passed by the New York City Council requiring shops to keep a record of a purchaser's personal details upon sale of acid used for glass etching, in an effort to combat its use for graffiti.

Effects on health 
Hydrofluoric acid is highly toxic and corrosive to all tissues including the skin, eyes and digestive system. It penetrates through the skin to the bones and causes their decalcification. It can cause death by skin contact, ingestion or inhalation of fumes.

References 

Graffiti and unauthorised signage
RFA Ennerdale (A213). RFA Ennerdale (A213) was a  Mobile Bulk Tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA), the naval auxiliary fleet of the United Kingdom. She was on a long-term charter from 1967 to support the Royal Navy east of Suez. Ennerdale had no replenishment at sea (RAS) equipment and was later classed as a Mobile Reserve Tanker.

Construction 

Ennerdale was built at Kieler Howaldtswerke AG, Kiel, Germany, as  Naess Scotsman for the Anglo-Norness Shipping Co Ltd, which was managed by Naess, Denholm & Co Ltd, London. She was launched on 31 August and completed later in 1963.

The bridge, accommodation and machinery were situated aft, and she needed to undergo a refit to enable her to receive rigs from fleet tankers in RFA service, therefore she was fitted with an astern fuelling rig and an abeam reception facility. In October 1967 she arrived on Tyneside for the modifications by Vickers Ltd Shipbuilding Group, Hebburn, and was renamed Ennerdale.

References

Citations

Bibliography 
 

Tankers of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
1963 ships
Dicalcium ruthenate. Dicalcium ruthenate, with the chemical formula Ca2RuO4, is a stochiometric oxide compound that hosts a multi-orbital (band) Mott insulating ground state. For this reason, Ca2RuO4 serves as an important "meeting-point" between conceptual developments of strongly correlated multi-band physics and advanced experimental spectroscopies. Its electronic structure and also orbital magnetism are therefore subjects of experimental and theoretical scrutiny.

Electronic properties  
Around 350 K, Ca2RuO4 undergoes a metal insulator transition which involves a crystal structure transition leading to a strong c-axis compression. Negative thermal expansion has also been reported in conjunction with this c-axis compression. The metal insulator transition is sensitive to electrical current. Below 80 K, an anti-ferromagnetic ordering emerges.

Related materials 
Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4 has been proposed as a candidate system for orbital selective Mott physics. The bilayer compound Ca3Ru2O7 is metallic, but display a sequence of electronic transitions below 60 K. Finally, Sr2RuO4 hosts an unconventional superconducting state.

References

Calcium compounds
Ruthenates
Condensed matter physics
Anirban Chakraborti. Anirban Chakraborti (born 10 February 1975) is an Indian physicist and professor of econophysics at the School of Computational and Integrative Sciences at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. Anirban Chakraborti has published work mainly in the fields of econophysics and data science.

He was elected as fellow of The World Academy of Sciences for "performing important and influential interdisciplinary research on the statistical physics of complex socioeconomic systems, termed 'econophysics' and 'sociophysics'."

Early life and education 
Anirban Chakraborti was born in Darjeeling on February 10, 1975. His schooling was done in St. Joseph's School (Darjeeling) and Mount Hermon School (Darjeeling). He completed his bachelors degree in Physics from Scottish Church College, Kolkata and his masters degree in Physics from Rajabazar Science College, University of Calcutta. He then completed his Ph.D. degree from the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, under the supervision of Prof. Bikas K. Chakrabarti. He completed the Habilitation à diriger des recherches (HDR) in Physics from the Pierre and Marie Curie University.

Career 
Previously, Chakraborti has served as the Chair of Quantitative Finance at École Centrale Paris, France; and Lecturer in theoretical physics at Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi. He held the position of Dean Research and Dean of School of Engineering and Technology at BML Munjal University. He is an international member of the Centro Internacional de Ciencas A.C. He is a founding member of Centre for Complexity Economics, Applied Spirituality and Public Policy, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy.

Research interest 
Chakraborti research interests have focused on kinetic exchange models of income and wealth distributions. Kinetic exchange models are a class of multi agent models, inspired from statistical physics and thermodynamics which attempts to explain the universal features present in income and wealth distributions. Anirban Chakraborti, along with Bikas K. Chakrabarti, proposed the "Chakraborti-Chakrabarti model" which was able to describe the gamma like distributions of income and wealth by taking saving propensity of agents into consideration. 

Another model that Chakraborti proposed, named "Yard-sale model" attempts to describe mechanisms through which inequality arises in wealth and income.

Published works 
Chakraborti has published numerous journal articles and textbooks on the topics of econophysics:

Awards 
Chakraborti received the Indian National Science Academy Young Scientist Medal in 2009. 

In 2023, Chakraborti was elected as fellow of The World Academy of Sciences for work in econophysics.

References 

1975 births
Indian physicists
Living people
3-Phenoxymandelonitrile. 3-phenoxymandelonitrile (also 3-phenoxy-α-cyanobenzyl alcohol) is an organic compound belonging to the group of cyanohydrins. It is primarily used in the synthesis of pyrethroids, a class of insecticides.

Production 
The synthesis of 3-phenoxymandelonitrile begins with the reaction of 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde with sodium cyanide and acetic anhydride in a water/dichloromethane mixture, using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. This reaction initially produces the acetate, which can be hydrolyzed enzymatically with a suitable lipase to yield enantiomerically pure (S)-3-phenoxymandelonitrile through chiral resolution. The desired product can be extracted at this stage. The remaining enantiomeric acetate can undergo racemization via reaction with triethylamine in toluene or diisopropyl ether to improve yield. An alternative synthesis involves transferring a cyano group from acetone cyanohydrin to 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Again, enzymatic reactions through an ester can be used to produce the enantiomerically pure compound.

Use 
(S)-3-Phenoxymandelonitrile serves as an important intermediate in the production of various pyrethroids, which are carboxylic acid esters incorporating the compound as an alcohol component, and are employed as insecticides. Notable examples within this group include deltamethrin and esfenvalerate. The presence of the 3-phenoxy group and nitriles enhances the efficacy of these compounds compared to other pyrethroids.

References

Benzyl compounds
Nitriles
Secondary alcohols