omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Erik Sandewall. Erik Sandewall is a Swedish Professor in the Chair of Computer Science at Linköping University since 1975. He is known for his pioneering research in artificial intelligence.

Education 
Erik Sandewall received the B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Uppsala University in 1964 and 1969 respectively.

Notable Honors and Awards 
Source:

 AAAI Fellow
 ECCAI Fellow
 Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (1981)
 Member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences (1992)
 Doctor honoris causa Paul Sabatier University, France
 Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, France
 Fellow of the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
 Associate Member of the Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Morocco
 Immortalized as statue outside of the Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University

See also 
 Frame problem
 Yale shooting problem
 Funarg problem

References

External links
 Erik Sandewall's personal web page

Swedish computer scientists
Academic staff of Linköping University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1945 births
Living people
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Glossary of computer hardware terms. This glossary of computer hardware terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related to computer hardware, i.e. the physical and structural components of computers, architectural issues, and peripheral devices.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Z

See also
List of computer term etymologies
Glossary of backup terms
Glossary of computer graphics
Glossary of computer science
Glossary of computer software terms

Glossary of energy efficient hardware/software
Glossary of Internet-related terms
Glossary of reconfigurable computing

References

External links
Dictionary: JESD88  JEDEC

Computer hardware terms
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists
Thomas Pears. Major-General Sir Thomas Townsend Pears KCB (9 May 1809 – 17 January 1892) was a senior British Indian Army officer who went on to be Military Secretary to the India Office.

Military career
Educated at Addiscombe Military Seminary, Pears was commissioned into the Madras Engineers in 1825.

In 1836 he was appointed Commanding Officer of the Madras Sappers and Miners and in that capacity went on to be Chief Engineer for the expedition to Karnal in India in 1839 and for the capture of Chusan in China in 1840.

In 1841 he was appointed Commanding Engineer of the Army in China and took a leading role in the capture of Ting-hai.

Returning to India he became consulting engineer for the railways in Madras. He became Military Secretary to the India Office in 1861 and found himself having to deal with the financial burden created by the fact that one quarter of all Indian Army officers were actually located and receiving a pension in England rather than India. He was appointed KCB in 1871 and retired in 1877.

Family
In 1840 he married Bellina Marianne Johnstone and they went on to have seven children. His grandson, M.L. Pears, followed him into the army, joining the Cameronians. He served as the commanding officer for the 17th Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers during the first half of the First World War.

References

Further reading

 

1809 births
1892 deaths
Graduates of Addiscombe Military Seminary
British Indian Army generals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British military personnel of the First Opium War
Machine state register. A machine state register (MSR) is one of three process control registers present in the PowerPC processor architecture.

Processors 
The implementation details of the machine state register will vary from model to model. Below are two representative implementations, the 32-bit Freescale e200z3 PowerPC core and the 64-bit IBM PowerPC.

e200z3 PowerPC core

Uses of the machine state register 

This 32-bit register either controls and/or reports several important processor states.

Reading and writing the machine state register 

The contents of the register may be read using the move from machine state register (mfmsr) instruction and may be modified by executing the return from interrupt (rfi, rfci, rfdi), system call (sc) and move to machine state register (mtmsr) instructions.

PowerPC

Uses of the machine state register 

This 64-bit register either controls and/or reports several important processor states.

Reading and writing the machine state register 

The machine state register can be read using the mfmsr instruction and modified using the mtmsr[d], rfid and hrfid instructions.

Confusion with model-specific register 

While the machine state register found in the PowerPC architecture and the model-specific registers found in IA-32 and x86-64 architectures fulfill similar functions and the initialism "MSR" can refer to either, there are important differences that distinguish them.  The machine state register, a single register, provides coarse-grained control over a small number of machine functions. In contrast, dozens to hundreds of model-specific registers exist on recent IA-32 and x86_64 architectures and provide a much finer granularity of both reporting and control of machine state. The term "machine state register" does not appear in Intel and AMD documentation; likewise "model-specific register" does not appear in IBM and Freescale documentation.

References 

UM0434 e200z3 PowerPC core reference manual, Rev. 1, May, 2007
AIX 6.1 Assembler Language Reference
PowerPC Operating Environment Architecture, Book III, v2.02, Jan 28 2005
Freescale PowerPC Architecture Primer Rev 0.1, Jun 2005

IBM computer hardware
Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills. The Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills (ADIOS2) software is an oil weathering model provided by NOAA that incorporates a database containing more than a thousand crude oils and refined products, and provides quick estimates of the expected characteristics and behavior of oil spilled into the marine environment. The predictions it makes, presented as both graphics and text, are designed to help answer questions that typically arise during spill response and cleanup.

Predictive information for oil spill response
One user describes the program as follows: "You just key in all the details of the parameters of the spill, from the type of oil to wave conditions, winds, sea temperatures, what have you, and the software tells you the fate of the oil over an extended period."
 By predicting change in an oil's viscosity (resistance to flow) over time, ADIOS2 offers an answer to the question: Can the oil still be dispersed with chemical dispersants?
 By predicting the rate of increase in an oil's water content over time, ADIOS2 offers an answer to questions like: If  of crude oil has spilled, will more than  of oil-and-water mixture need to be cleaned up and disposed of? How much more?

Use cases 
 On May 14, 2010, the AP reported that this tool is being used to help assess where all the oil is going from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.

References

External links 
 ADIOS2 page at NOAA.  Includes download instructions, FAQ, and more.

Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Oil spill remediation technologies
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Science software
Emergency management software
Jim Mortimer. James Edward Mortimer (12 January 1921 – 23 April 2013) was a British trade unionist and the Labour Party General Secretary between 1982 and 1985.

Early life and career
Mortimer's early career was in the shipbuilding and engineering industries where he worked as a ship fitter apprentice, a machinist and a planning engineer. He studied as a TUC Scholar at Ruskin College, Oxford in 1945 and 1946 and worked at the TUC Economic Department from 1946 to 1948.

He was a trade union member of the National Board for Prices and Incomes between 1968 and 1971, and at the same time he was the Director of the London Co-operative Society. From 1971 to 1974, he was a member of the Board of London Transport Executive. He had been a national official of the Association of Engineering and Shipbuilding Draughtsmen. He was the first Chairman of Acas from 1974 until 1981.

General Secretary of the Labour Party
Mortimer was General Secretary of the Labour Party between 1982 and 1985, a time of great turmoil in the Labour Party with the formation of the breakaway SDP and the rise of the Militant tendency. During the 1983 general election campaign, at the daily press conference on 26 May, Mortimer announced that "The unanimous view of the campaign committee is that Michael Foot is the leader of the Labour Party and speaks for the Party". It later emerged that Foot's leadership had not been discussed, but created an impression that Foot needed a vote of confidence to continue.  The press claimed this as an 'own goal'. Mortimer wrote about this in his autobiography "I do not regret, that at a time when there was an effort to undermine the leadership of Michael Foot, I made it clear that this effort found no sympathy in Walworth Road.  'Own Goals' are more often than not the invention of journalistic chatter.".

He played an important role in the miners' strike of 1984 and 1985, throwing himself into support for the miners and being given honorary membership of the NUM in recognition of his efforts.

Personal life
He wrote several books, including a three volume history of the boilermakers' union and an autobiography "A Life on the Left".
He had three children with Renee - his first wife. Hugh (1943),Jamie (1947) and Diana (1955)

References

J. E. Mortimer, A Life on the Left, (Lewes, 1998).

External links
 Jim Mortimer: Union official and Labour's General Secretary during hard times for the Party
 Jim Mortimer
Catalogue of Mortimer's papers, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick

1921 births
2013 deaths
Alumni of Ruskin College
British trade unionists
Labour Party (UK) officials
Terraplane (disambiguation). Terraplane is an automobile built by the Hudson Motor Car Company between 1932 and 1939.

Terraplane may also refer to:

 Terraplane,  the name for a series of French hovercraft from the 1960s and 70s
 Terraplane (band) a 1980s pop rock group from London, England
 Terraplane (album), a 2015 album by Steve Earle
 Terraplane (novel), a 1988 science fiction novel by Jack Womack
 "Terraplane Blues", a blues song recorded in 1936 by Robert Johnson

See also
 Hydroplane
William B. Scott (magazine editor). William B. Scott is an American magazine editor. He was a former Rocky Mountain Bureau Chief for Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine. During his 22 years with the publication, he also served as Senior National Editor, Avionics Editor and Senior Engineering Editor. He is a co-author of three books: "Counterspace: The Next Hours of World War III"; "Space Wars: The First Six Hours of World War III", and "Inside the Stealth Bomber: The B-2 Story".

He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from California State University, Sacramento, and is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. In 12 years of military and civilian flight testing, plus evaluating aircraft for Aviation Week, he has logged approximately 2,000 flight hours on 80 aircraft types.

References

External links

Living people
American magazine editors
American non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Plancheite. Plancheite is a hydrated copper silicate mineral with the formula Cu8Si8O22(OH)4•(H2O). It is closely related to shattuckite in structure and appearance, and the two minerals are often confused.

Structure
Plancheite is a chain silicate (inosilicate), with double chains of silica tetrahedra parallel to the c crystal axis.   It occurs as sprays of acicular or fibrous radial clusters, with fibers extended parallel to the chains, i.e. along the c crystal axis; it can also form tiny tabular or platy crystals.  It is a member of the orthorhombic crystal class m m m (2/m 2/m 2/m), which is the most symmetrical class in the orthorhombic system.

Properties
Usually a pale turquoise-blue, with a pale blue streak and an adamantine to silky luster. It is quite hard, with hardness 5.5 to 6, close to that of feldspar, and specific gravity 3.6 to 3.8.  Optically it is biaxial (+), with refractive indices between 1.64 and 1.74, and pleochroic.

Environment
Plancheite is a secondary mineral formed in the oxidized zone of copper deposits, associated with other copper minerals chrysocolla, dioptase, malachite, conichalcite and tenorite.  It occurs with primary malachite at the Milpillas Mine in Mexico.  The type locality is the Sanda Mine, Mindouli, Pool Region, Republic of Congo.

References

External links
JMol: http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/viewJmol.php?id=00578

Copper(II) minerals
Inosilicates
Kolb Kolbra. The Kolb Kolbra and King Kolbra are a family of American tandem two seater, high wing, strut-braced, pusher configuration, conventional landing gear-equipped ultralight aircraft that are produced in kit form by New Kolb Aircraft of London, Kentucky and intended for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Kolbra was intended as a dual control, ultralight trainer and was created  by combining the front half of a Firefly fuselage with the  rear fuselage cage of the Slingshot. The front fuselage was then widened by  to allow more room for the pilot's feet. The King Kolbra has a wide fuselage front, similar to the Mark III whereas the Kolbra has a pointed nose.

The Kolbra's factory standard engine was the  Rotax 582 engine, placing it in the Ultralight Trainer category, but it could be equipped with the   Rotax 912UL or the  Jabiru 2200 in the Experimental - Amateur-built category. The King Kolbra's standard engine was the Jabiru 2200.

Both aircraft feature a forward fuselage of welded 4130 steel tubing, mated to an aluminum tailboom. The horizontal stabilizer, tail fin and wings are also constructed of riveted aluminum tubing and feature full-span flaperons. All flying surfaces are covered in doped aircraft fabric. The wings and horizontal tail are quick-folding for storage and ground transport. The landing gear is sprung tubing for the main gear, with a steerable sprung tailwheel.

Variants
Kolbra
Two seats in tandem configuration, high wing ultralight, powered by a  Rotax 582,  Jabiru 2200 or  Rotax 912UL engine. Aircraft has a highly pointed nose.
King Kolbra
Two seats in tandem configuration, high wing ultralight, powered by an  Jabiru 2200 engine. Aircraft has a broad nose.

Specifications (Kolbra)

See also

References

External links

Kolbra
2000s United States ultralight aircraft
1960 in spaceflight (July–September). This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and September 1960. For launches between January and June, see 1960 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1960 in spaceflight.

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1960 in spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
Spaceflight
1962 in spaceflight (October–December). This is a list of spaceflights launched between October and December 1962. For launches in the rest of the year, see 1962 in spaceflight (January–March), 1962 in spaceflight (April–June) and 1962 in spaceflight (July–September). For an overview of the whole year, see 1962 in spaceflight.

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External links 

1962 in spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
Spaceflight
1964 in spaceflight (October–December). This is a list of spaceflights launched between October and December 1964. For launches in the rest of the year, see 1964 in spaceflight (January–March), 1964 in spaceflight (April–June) and 1964 in spaceflight (July–September). For an overview of the whole year, see 1964 in spaceflight.

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1964 in spaceflight
Spaceflight by year
Spaceflight
1965 in spaceflight (October–December). This is a list of spaceflights launched between October and December 1965. For launches in the rest of the year, see 1965 in spaceflight (January–March), 1965 in spaceflight (April–June) and 1965 in spaceflight (July–September). For an overview of the whole year, see 1965 in spaceflight.

Orbital launches 

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Spaceflight by year
Spaceflight
Unstoppable Global Warming. Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years is a book about climate change, written by Siegfried Fred Singer and Dennis T. Avery, which asserts that natural changes, and not CO2 emissions, are the cause of global warming. Published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2006, the book sold well and was reprinted in an updated edition in 2007.

The title refers to the hypothesis of 1,500-year climate cycles in the Holocene first postulated by Gerard C. Bond, mainly based on petrologic tracers of drift ice in the North Atlantic.

Synopsis
Over sixteen chapters the authors present their view of the natural cycles in the Earth's climate and argue that the current warming period is not caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions.

The book begins with the Earth's climate timeline, starting from the formation of the Earth 4.5 billion years ago, and leading up to the Modern Warm Period.

The book ends with a chapter titled "The ultimate failure of the Kyoto Protocol", which predicted that the Protocol would be unsuccessful in curtailing emissions. It covers the localised plummeting emissions associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union and what the book says is Russia's excess amount of Carbon Credits which, the book argues, will be purchased by European nations to offset their rising emissions.

Reception
The book has attracted opposite reactions from the denialist scene and economists on one hand and from scientists on the other. The Heartland Institute, which is known for its global warming denial, arranged for the distribution of free copies to elected officials. Jay Lehr, an economist and Heartland Institute's "science director", wrote a favorable review in News Weekly, the newsletter of the Australian political movement National Civic Council, calling the book "truly amazing". Economist Richard W. Rahn in The Washington Times welcomed it as "a wonderful new book".

Climatologist Mike Hulme writing for The Guardian pointed out that the warming predicted by Bond's cycles is too small to account for the warming that actually observed. He said, "Deploying the machinery of scientific method allows us to filter out hypotheses – such as those presented by Singer and Avery – as being plain wrong". David Archer wrote a point-by-point refutation of claims by Avery and Singer on the RealClimate website.

See also

 Bond event
 Merchants of Doubt

References

2006 non-fiction books
2006 in the environment
Climate change books
Climate change denial
Mass action law (electronics). In electronics and semiconductor physics, the law of mass action relates the concentrations of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium.  It states that, under thermal equilibrium, the product of the free electron concentration  and the free hole concentration  is equal to a constant square of intrinsic carrier concentration . The intrinsic carrier concentration is a function of temperature.

The equation for the mass action law for semiconductors is:

Carrier concentrations 
In semiconductors, free electrons and holes are the carriers that provide conduction. For cases where the number of carriers are much less than the number of band states, the carrier concentrations can be approximated by using Boltzmann statistics, giving the results below.

Electron concentration 
The free-electron concentration n can be approximated by

where 
 Ec is the energy of the conduction band,
 EF is the energy of the Fermi level,
 kB is the Boltzmann constant,
 T is the absolute temperature in kelvins,
 Nc is the effective density of states at the conduction band edge given by , with m*e being the electron effective mass and h being the Planck constant.

Hole concentration 
The free-hole concentration p is given by a similar formula

where 
 EF is the energy of the Fermi level,
 Ev is the energy of the valence band,
 kB is the Boltzmann constant,
 T is the absolute temperature in kelvins,
 Nv is the effective density of states at the valence band edge given by , with m*h being the hole effective mass and h being the Planck constant.

Mass action law 
Using the carrier concentration equations given above, the mass action law can be stated as

where Eg is the band gap energy given by Eg = Ec − Ev. The above equation holds true even for lightly doped extrinsic semiconductors as the product  is independent of doping concentration.

See also 
 Law of mass action

References

External links 
  Doping, Carrier Concentration, Mobility, and Conductivity
 Semi-conductor tutorial

Electronic engineering
Empirical laws
Helicópteros del Sureste. Helicópteros del Sureste () (also called Helisureste) is a helicopter service based in Mutxamel, Alicante, Spain.

Background
Helicópteros del Sureste is currently the primary responsibility of the "On-Shore" division of the INAERgroup.

The company provides a variety of services:

 passenger services
 air ambulance 
 civil defense support
 forest firefighting
 aerial photography 
 aerial filming

Helicópteros del Sureste obtained a Declaration of Competence to provide scheduled passenger service. Since 1996, they have operated the liner Ceuta-Málaga service from the (Ceuta Heliport and Málaga Airport).

Each year they carry over 20,000 passengers in next-generation aircraft. The company was the first to offer flights from the Algeciras Heliport, providing crucial links through the Strait of Gibraltar.  It also runs the Malta-Gozo helilink.

Destinations

 Ceuta
 Algeciras
 Málaga Airport

Fleet

 Agusta A109S 
 AgustaWestland AW139
 Bell 412SP
 Bell 206
 Aerospatiale SA 330 Puma 
 Kamov Ka-32

Notable employees
The company employed or contracted Mykola Melnyk, a Chernobyl hero helicopter pilot from Ukraine, using his expertise in piloting the Soviet-made Kamov helicopters.

Sources

External links

 Information on Helicópteros del Sureste on Conoceceuta
 Information on Helisureste from the Air Charter Guide
 A Bell 412EP used by Helisureste 
 ROTOROnline info

Airlines of Spain
Economy of the Valencian Community