omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
SIGCSE Award for Lifetime Service to the Computer Science Education Community. The SIGCSE Lifetime Service to Computer Science Education is an awarded granted by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Special Interest Group (SIG) SIGCSE annually since 1997, for lifetime contributions to computer science education.

Laureates
Laureates have included:
 Chris Stephenson, 2024
 Renée McCauley, 2023
 Simon, 2022
 Cary Laxer, 2021
 Alison Clear, 2020
 Gloria Townsend, 2019
 Eric S. Roberts, 2018
 Mats Daniels, 2017
 Barbara Boucher Owens, 2016
 Frank Young, 2015
 Andrea Lawrence, 2014
 Henry Walker, 2013
 , 2012
 Gordon Davies, 2011
 Peter J. Denning, 2010
 Michael Clancy, 2009
 Dennis J. Frailey, 2008
 John Impagliazzo, 2007
 Joyce Currie Little, 2006
 Andrew McGettrick, 2005
 Bruce Klein, 2004
 , 2003
 A. Joe Turner, 2002
 , 2001
 James Miller, 2000
 Bob Aiken, 1999
 Della Bonnette, 1998
 Dick Austing, 1997

References

Academic awards
Computer science education
Block swap algorithms. In computer algorithms, block swap algorithms swap two regions of elements of an array. It is simple to swap two non-overlapping regions of an array of equal size. However, it is not simple to swap two non-overlapping regions of an array in-place that are next to each other, but are of unequal sizes (such swapping is equivalent to array rotation). Three algorithms are known to accomplish this: Bentley's juggling (also known as dolphin algorithm ), Gries-Mills, and reversal algorithm. All three algorithms are linear time O(n), (see Time complexity).

Reversal algorithm
The reversal algorithm is the simplest to explain, using rotations. A rotation is an in-place reversal of array elements. This method swaps two elements of an array from outside in within a range. The rotation works for an even or odd number of array elements. The reversal algorithm uses three in-place rotations to accomplish an in-place block swap:
 Rotate region A
 Rotate region B
 Rotate region AB

Gries-Mills and reversal algorithms perform better than Bentley's juggling, because of their cache-friendly memory access pattern behavior.

The reversal algorithm parallelizes well, because rotations can be split into sub-regions, which can be rotated independently of others.

References

Algorithms
Arrays
Sorting algorithms
Eucrates. Eucrates was a hybrid teaching and learning analog computer created by Gordon Pask in 1956, in response to a request by the Solartron Electronic Group for a machine to exhibit at the Physical Society Exhibition in London.

Its operation was based on simulating the functioning of neurons.

The Solartron EUCRATES II was created by C.E.G. Bailey, T. Robin McKinnon Wood and Gordon Pask.

References

Analog computers
Neurons
Early computers
History of computing
Feudal Alloy. Feudal Alloy is a 2019 platform role-playing video game by Czech studio Attu Games.

Story
Attu is a robot whose village was raided by bandits. He decides to take an action and sets out after the bandits to get the stolen goods back.

Gameplay
Feudal Alloy belongs to the Metroidvania genre. Players control a robot in mechanised medieval armor. Players search tunnels full of enemies, seeking paths to new areas and components to upgrade the robot's gear.  As the game progresses, players meet stronger enemies but also gains access to better equipment. Players also must check the robot's oil, upgrade and temperature bars. If the robot's temperature is too high, players must wait until it cools down. The oil bar represents players' health and the upgrade bar represents their experience.

Reception
Feudal Alloy has received generally positive reviews from critics. It holds 76% on Metacritic. The game was also nominated for Czech Game of the Year Award in category Audiovisual Execution.

References

External links
 

2019 video games
Side-scrolling platformers
Metroidvania games
Role-playing video games
Indie games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the Czech Republic
Steampunk video games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
MacOS games
Xbox One games
Android (operating system) games
Nintendo Switch games
Linux games
Video games about robots
Video games set in the Middle Ages
Attu Games games
Kestrel (rocket launcher). The Kestrel is an individual shoulder-launched weapon system developed by Taiwan's National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology and currently in service with the Republic of China Armed Forces and Coast Guard Administration.

Description 
The launcher is made from fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) and features an optical sight as well as a mount for a night vision scope. Effective range is 400m with HEAT warhead rocket and 150m with HESH warhead rocket.

Development 
Development of the Kestrel began in 2008 following a request from the Republic of China Marine Corps. Eleven tests were carried out between 2009 and 2012 and the Initial Operational Test and Evaluation occurred in 2013. The Kestrel was first exhibited at the Taipei Aerospace & Defense Technology Exhibition in 2013.

Service history

Republic of China Military Police
The Kestrel entered service with the ROCMC in 2015. In 2018 the Republic of China Military Police placed an order for 445 launchers. As of December 2019 the ROCMP had procured 397 combat systems, 238 test systems and five training simulators.

Coast Guard Administration
In 2019 the Coast Guard Administration placed an order for 84 launchers and 88 simulators. By April 2021 many had been deployed to units garrisoned on islands in the South China Sea.

Republic of China Army
The Republic of China Army has evaluated the system to replace their numerous M72 LAW systems. In 2022, the Army placed an order for 5,000 launchers. In 2023 the Army placed an order for 5,962 additional launchers.

Rockets

HEAT 
The standard rocket features a high explosive anti-tank warhead. The HEAT rocket has a 400m range and can penetrate 35 centimeters of armor.

HESH 
The development of a High Explosive Squash Head warhead began in 2012. It has been tested against brick walls and reinforced concrete. This warhead is particularly effective for making mouseholes (improvised doorways) in concrete walls during urban combat. The HESH rocket has a range of 150 meters and can penetrate 20-60 centimeters of reinforced concrete.

Long range 
A long range rocket that can reach out to 1,200m is in development.

Guided 
A guided missile based on existing Kestrel rockets is under development by NCSIST with an eye to providing a domestic equivalent to the FGM-148 Javelin.

Operators 
 Republic of China Army

 September 2022, 5,000 missiles ordered 
 August 2023, 5,962 Kestrel ordered

See also 
List of rocket launchers
List of anti-tank missiles

References

External links 
 NCSIST feature video (in Chinese)
 NCSIST testing video

Anti-tank rockets
Firearms of the Republic of China
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 2015
National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology
First International Congress on Cybernetics. The First International Congress on Cybernetics was held in Namur, Belgium, 26–29 June 1956. It led to the formation of the  International Association for Cybernetics which was incorporated in Belgium on 6 January 1957.

William Grey Walter was involved in organising the congress. Attendees included:
 Stafford Beer: "The impact of cybernetics on the concept of industrial organization"
 Albert Uttley: "A theory on the mechanism of learning based on the computation of conditional probabilities"

References

Cybernetics
1956 conferences
Indian locomotive class WDS-6. The Indian locomotive class WDS-6 is a diesel–electric locomotive used by the Indian Railways mainly for shunting and also for performing departmental duties. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Diesel (D), Shunting  (S) engine, 6th generation (6). As of April 2022, 375 units of this class are currently in use all over India.

History
This class was designed in 1975 to address the need for a powerful shunting locomotive with the ability  to haul 20- to 24-coach rakes. The previous WDS-4 class was found to be grossly underpowered for this kind of operation. A WDS-6 locomotive basically consists of a YDM-4 powerpack (a 6-cylinder, 4-stroke, inline, turbo-supercharged ALCo engine) mounted on a WDM-2 body frame. 
Beginning in 1975, these were initially manufactured solely by BLW, Varanasi, but later, the Parel Workshop started building them using CKD (completely-knocked-down) kits provided by DLW.
WDS-6 units can be easily recognized by their low short hoods (with two cab windows above these) and flat-ended cabs on the long-hood end. Many of them were sold and transferred to private industrial concerns and public sector undertakings (PSUs) in huge numbers, but still display their IR road numbers.

Locomotive sheds 
Total Locomotives active as of April 2024 : 192

Liveries

Technical specifications

Gallery

See also

 
 Locomotives of India
 Rail transport in India
 Indian locomotive class YDM-4

Bibliography

References

RDSO document for WDS-6(archived copy)
https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2d.html
https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-specs.html#WDS-6
https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/list

S-6
Co-Co locomotives
Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1975
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
Albert Uttley. Albert Maurel Uttley (14 August, 1906, London - 13 September, 1985 Bexhill) was an English scientist involved in computing, cybernetics, neurophysiology and psychology. He was a member of the Ratio Club and was the person who suggested its name.

He was designing conditional-probability neural nets for pattern recognition for the British military. He showed that neural networks with Hebbian learning rules could learn to classify binary sequences.

Albert was the son of George and Ethel Uttley. He married Gwendoline Lucy Richens.

Publications
 "Information, machines, and brains", Trans. of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory (TIT) 1: 143-149 (1953)
 "A theory on the mechanism of learning based on the computation of conditional probabilities", Proceedings of the First International Congress on Cybernetics, Naumur 1956 pp.830-856
 "The Design of Conditional Probability Computers", Information and Control 2(1): 1-24 (1959)

References

1906 births
1985 deaths
English scientists
Scientists from London
Smart Metrology. Smart Metrology is a modern approach to industrial metrology. The name was introduced by Jean-Michel Pou and Laurent Leblond, a French meteorologist and a French statistician. The term was coined in their book, La Smart Metrology: De la métrologie des instruments à la métrologie des décisions. It was then adopted by Deltamu, a French company providing services in the field of industrial metrology.

The approach promoted by Smart Metrology applies the exploitation of data and information, including that provided by big data, to implement an approach based on the three pillars of metrology (uncertainty, calibration and traceability) in industrial applications.

Approach 
The approach suggested by Smart Metrology is fully framed within the ISO 9001 recommendations. Usual metrology is often regarded as a pure cost and is actually not following the ISO 9001 quality standards.

Innovation 
Smart Metrology follows a different approach according to the following steps:

The measuring equipment is monitored using historical and relevant data to detect whether a doubt exists. If such a doubt exists, the equipment is calibrated.
The available (a priori) information is used by applying advanced statistical approaches, such as Bayesian inference, for monitoring and is used in the decision-making process.
 The calibration intervals were not at fixed intervals.

See also

 Dimensional metrology
 Forensic metrology
 Time metrology
 Quantum metrology

References 

Metrology
Paola Flocchini. Paola Flocchini is a Canadian computer scientist known for her research in distributed computing, pattern formation, self-organizing systems, swarm behavior, and cellular automata. She is University Research Chair on Intruder Agents and the Decontamination of Communication Networks at the University of Ottawa.

Flocchini obtained her Ph.D. in 1995 from the University of Milan.

With Giuseppe Prencipe and Nicola Santoro, Flocchini is the author of the book Distributed Computing by Oblivious Mobile Robots: Synthesis Lectures on Distributed Computing Theory (Morgan & Claypool, 2012).
Flocchini, Prencipe, and Santoro are also the editors of Distributed Computing by Mobile Entities: Current Research in Moving and Computing (Springer, 2019).

Flocchini is the winner of the 2019 Prize for Innovation in Distributed Computing, presented as part of the 26th International Colloquium on Structural Information and Communication Complexity (Sirocco 2019).

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian women computer scientists
Canadian computer scientists
Italian computer scientists
University of Milan alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
Cellular automatists
Paul Schmitt P.S.3. The Paul Schmitt P.S.3 was a French World War I biplane bomber that was built in small numbers but primarily used as a trainer.

Development 
The P.S.3 was unusual in that the entire wing cellule was designed to have its angle of incidence adjusted from 0° to 12° while in flight. When set at the maximum, this gave the aircraft a pronounced back-stagger. This was possible because the wing was attached to the fuselage by a single pivot, and controlled by a jackscrew in the cockpit. This allowed for an unusually broad speed range, so that a minimum speed of only  was achieved.
The fuselage was built up from welded steel tubes, with a square cross section forward tapering to a triangle section aft.

One example was built as a floatplane, however unlike most of the landplanes, it was powered by a  Canton Unné P9 liquid cooled radial in place of the Gnome rotaries normally used.

Operational history 
Although intended as a bomber, it was only ever built in small numbers, and was quickly relegated to use as a trainer, partly because the Aéronautique Militaire had already chosen the Voisin III as their standard bomber.

Victorin Garaix set a number of speed and height records while carrying passengers in 1914.

The floatplane was exported to a private buyer the US in 1916, only to later be taken on strength by the United States Navy in April 1917 with the serial A-52, however it was used primarily as an instructional airframe at Pensacola for training groundcrew.

Operators 
 
Aéronautique Militaire 

United States Navy

Specifications (Paul Schmitt P.S.3)

References

Citations

Bibliography

 

Paul Schmitt aircraft
1910s French bomber aircraft
Rotary-engined aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1915
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Α-Eucaine. α-Eucaine (alpha-eucaine) is a drug that was previously used as a local anesthetic. It was designed as an analog of cocaine and was one of the first synthetic chemical compounds to find general use as an anesthetic.

Synthesis

The Aldol condensation between two equivalents of acetone gives Mesityl oxide [141-79-7] (1) (isophorone is a side-product of this reaction). Ammonolysis of mesityl oxide formed diacetonamine [625-04-7] (2). The reaction of this product with acetone then gives 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone [826-36-8] (3). N-methylation of the secondary amine gives 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-one [5554-54-1] (4). Cyanohydrin formation gives CID:434556 (5). Esterification of the tertiary alcohol with benzoyl chloride gives (6). Pinner reaction of the nitrile with EtOH/H+ affords alpha-eucaine (7).

See also
 Eucaine, or β-eucaine, a related local anesthetic

References

Local anesthetics
Piperidines
Benzoate esters
Methyl esters
Y.3172. Y.3172 is an ITU-T Recommendation specifying an architecture for machine learning in future networks including 5G (IMT-2020). The architecture describes a machine learning pipeline in the context of telecommunication networks that involves the training of machine learning models, and also the deployment using methods such as containers and orchestration. 

A set of architectural requirements and specific architectural components needed to satisfy these requirements are presented. This includes i.a., machine learning pipeline as well as machine learning management and orchestration functionalities. Additionally, the standard describes the integration of such components into future networks including IMT-2020 as well as guidelines for applying this architectural framework in a variety of technology-specific underlying networks.

The Recommendation Y.3173 builds upon Y.3172 by specifying a framework for evaluation intelligence levels of future networks.

Machine Learning pipeline 
 'SRC' (source): This node is the source of data that can be used as input to the ML pipeline.
 'C' (collector): This node is responsible for collecting data from one or more SRC nodes.
 'PP' (preprocessor): This node is responsible for cleaning data, aggregating data or performing any other preprocessing needed for the data to be in a suitable form so that the ML model can consume it.
 'M' (model): This is a machine learning model, in a form which is usable in a machine learning pipeline.
 'P' (policy): This node enables the application of policies to the output of the model node.
 'D' (distributor): This node is responsible for identifying the SINK(s) and distributing the output of the M node to the corresponding SINK nodes.
 'SINK': This node is the target of the ML output on which it takes action.

History 
At the 2017 AI for Good summit the idea for a Focus Group on Machine Learning for 5G (FG-ML5G) arose, similar to the way the summit gave rise the ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health.  The Focus Group finalized the standard in May 2019 and submitted it to ITU-T Study Group 13 (its parent body) for adoption as an ITU-T Recommendation, which happened in June 2019.

Based on Y.3172 ITU launched an AI/ML 5G Challenge, on implementing this architecture.

References

External links 
ITU-T Recommendation Y.3172
ITU-T Focus Group on Machine Learning in 5G
ITU News Magazine
AI/ML 5G Challenge
machine learning pipeline
ITU-T Y Series Recommendations
Samuel Nii Odai. Samuel Nii Odai is a Ghanaian professor of hydraulics and water resources, and a serving vice chancellor of Accra Technical University. He is a Commonwealth Academic Fellow, and a recipient of the National Best Research Scientist Gold Award for water, environment and sanitation.

Early life and education
Professor Odai was born in Tema where he attended the Twedaase Primary (the first primary school in Tema) and Middle Schools. He proceeded to the Koforidua Secondary Technical School where he sat for the General Certificate Examination (GCE) Ordinary and the Advanced Levels.

He then moved to the Hohai University where he graduated with BEng in irrigation and water conservancy engineering (in civil engineering). He obtained his MSc and PhD degrees at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. He obtained his MSc in 1996 and PhD in 1999, specializing in the area of computational hydraulics (water resources engineering).

Career
Odai is the current vice chancellor of Accra Technical University. He had his national service as a science and math teacher at the Tema Technical Institute. He was appointed a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST in 1999, then promoted to senior lecturer in 2002, to associate professor in 2007 and to Full Professor in 2012.

He has served as  examinations officer of the School of Engineering (now College of Engineering), deputy manager of the Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Project,  manager of the Water Resource and Environmental Sanitation Project at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. He is the founding director of the WASCAL Graduate Research Program in Climate Change and Land Use. Until his appointment as the vice chancellor, he was serving as the pro vice chancellor at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.
 
He is the international director of the UK-based Welcome Trust-sponsored project under the theme “Scientists Networked for Outcomes in Water and Sanitation” (SNOWS).

Awards and publications
Odai has been inducted as a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was awarded the best research scientists at the First Ghana Research Science Congress under the theme “Water, Sanitation and Environment: Securing our Future through Science”. He has many publications to his credit.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Vice-chancellors of universities in Ghana
Hohai University alumni
Academic staff of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Distill (journal). Distill was a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering machine learning. Articles could contain interactive graphics and so-called explorable explanations. The journal was established in March 2017 by Google, OpenAI, DeepMind, and Y Combinator Research. The editors-in-chief were Shan Carter (Google Brain), Chris Olah (OpenAI), and Arvind Satyanarayan (MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory). The journal was indexed in Ei Compendex. Its launch was criticized as overly hyped by The Scholarly Kitchen, which also noted that most authors were Google employees.

References

Further reading

External links

Computer science journals
Academic journals established in 2017
Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals
English-language journals
Continuous journals
Lotus Evija. The Lotus Evija is a limited production electric sports car manufactured by British automobile manufacturer Lotus Cars. Unveiled in July 2019, it is the first electric vehicle introduced and manufactured by the company. Codenamed "Type 130" and "Omega", its production will be limited to 130 units.

The Evija prototype underwent high-speed testing in November 2019. A video was released on 21 November 2019 ahead of its debut later that day at the Guangzhou Auto Show. Lotus said it was planning thousands of miles of further road testing, on circuits in Europe and on Lotus's own track at Hethel.

The Evija is set at US$2.3 million, before options and taxes.

Name
The name Evija is derived from Eve of the Abrahamic religions, a name whose etymology can be traced back to the Biblical Hebrew חי, meaning 'alive', or 'living'. Lotus Cars CEO Phil Popham said: "Evija is the perfect name for our new car because it is the first all-new car to come from Lotus as part of the wider Geely family. With Geely's support, we are set to create an incredible range of new cars which are true to the Lotus name and DNA."

Specifications
The Evija was initially powered by a  battery pack developed in conjunction with Williams Advanced Engineering, with electric motors supplied by Integral Powertrain. In 2022 Lotus switched to a  battery, which Unipart's Hyperbat claims to supply. The four individual motors are placed at the wheels and each is rated at , for a combined total output of 1,500 kW (2,039 PS; 2,011 hp) and  of torque. The Evija has magnesium wheels with diameters of  at the front and  at the rear. It uses Pirelli Trofeo R tyres and AP Racing carbon ceramic disc brakes. Lotus claims the Evija will be able to accelerate from 0 to  in under 3 seconds, from 0 to  in 9.1 seconds, and achieve a limited top speed of .

Production 
Lotus announced in 2020 that production was to begin that summer. In 2022, it announced "Eight cars now in build, all sold with first customer deliveries early in 2023." The first car was delivered to Jenson Button in August 2023. In December 2024 Lotus announced yet again that customer deliveries are underway.

Gallery

See also 

 List of production cars by power output

References

External links

Evija
Electric concept cars
Electric sports cars
Cars introduced in 2019
Coupés
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Flagship vehicles
2020s cars