omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Wind power in Uruguay. Wind power in Uruguay generates a rapidly growing proportion of the country's electricity mix. In 2014, Uruguay installed the most wind power capacity per capita in the world. Overall, the majority of Uruguayan electricity generation is derived from hydroelectric sources.

In 2016, the country's total installed wind power capacity surpassed 1,000 MW. As of 2016, this figure comprised 17 percent of the country's overall electricity generation, marking a sudden increase in the overall share from the 2 percent of all alternative renewable energy sources made up in 2012. In July 2018 UTE, the country's power plants and transmission administrator, announced that record electricity demand was being met entirely by renewable sources, of which wind power comprised 34 percent.

The national government has supported this nascent of fast-moving wind power transformation by providing a policy environment of incentives like feed-in tariffs and utility-scale bidding. The former helped incentivize small-scale installations, while the latter enabled large-scale projects.

Background 
In 2008, the Uruguayan government set a target of 15% joint participation in the national electricity grid by a number of alternative renewable sources, namely biomass, wind power, and mini-hydro. Wind power alone far surpassed that proportion in the several years following the setting of that goal. Electricity generation auctions, first put forward in 2006, have been a primary vehicle for larger-scale deployment of mini-hydro and wind power deployment over the past decade.

Some analysts have credited Uruguay's ability to leverage UNDP funding to create reliable policy frameworks that would eventually encourage greater stand-alone private investment in the sector.

Wind power in regional electricity trade 
Its proximity to Argentina and Brazil make for relatively easy electricity trade between the countries, and in 2016 Uruguay began exporting excess wind power generation to neighboring Argentina. The two countries' state-operated utilities had previously sold electricity bilaterally, but the 2016 wind power sales marked the first Uruguayan-Argentine electricity trade between private companies. Meanwhile, along the Uruguayan border with Brazil, wind power projects are being approached through a binational partnership with Brazilian utility Eletrobras.

Wind farms

There are about 50 wind farms in Uruguay as of 2022, including:
 Peralta wind farm (Tacuarembó Department)
 Sierra de los Caracoles (Maldonado Department)
 Libertad (San José Department)
 Valentines (Treinta y Tres Department)

See also
 Energy in Uruguay
 Electricity sector in Uruguay
 Renewable energy in Uruguay
 Wind power by country

References

External links

 Wind power in Uruguay - official website

Energy in Uruguay
Wind power in South America
Tuleap. Tuleap is an application lifecycle management system which focuses on agile software development while supporting other approaches towards project management developed and maintained by Enalean, a French tech company founded in 2011 and headquartered in France. It is open source, released under the GNU General Public License, version 2, and aims to rival proprietary tools like CollabNet, Jira\ and Confluence (and the Atlassian Suite), and Crucible.

Features 
Tuleap is a software platform for project management that supports various development methodologies including Agile, V-model, traditional or hybrid or custom processes. It helps organizations meet project management standards such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and ITIL. Tuleap facilitates the planning of software releases, the prioritization of business requirements, the assignment of tasks to project members, the monitoring of project progress, requirements management, IT service management, and the creation of reports. It provides site-wide trackers and real-time reports on risks, requirements, tasks, bugs, change requests, support requests, and user stories. It supports Kanban, Scrum, and hybrid methodologies in lean manufacturing. Tuleap has a built-in risk management system.

Tuleap integrates forge system functionalities to manage software sources using Subversion, Git or CVS. Teams are able to share technical or project documentations, track bugs, and centralize communications with internal and external parties.

Reception 
In 2018, Opensource.com named Tuleap one of the top 7 open source tools for Agile Teams. It also named it one of the top 5 open source project management tools in 2015.

InfoWorld magazine awarded it the "Best Open Source Application Development Tools" (the Bossie Awards) in 2013.

Tuleap is used by Fortune 500 companies, small and medium enterprises, and open source projects. Notable users include:
 Airbus
 CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission 
 DSI de l’Université de Grenoble
 Eclipse Foundation
 OpenForge, Ministry of Electronics and IT, Government of India
 Orange 
 STMicroelectronics 
 Ericsson

References

External links
 

Free project management software
Project management software
Free business software
Free application software
Almak (BFM). Almak is a French civilian training ship for cadets of foreign navies. It is owned by Defense Council International (DCI). It is intended for use with students following foreign officers trained by DCI Navfco. It allows DCI to respond to the increasing number of foreign students trained in France. The ship's name refers to a star in the constellation of Andromeda.

Design
Almak adopts the design of P43, a concept developed by patrol Piriou sites. It is an international consulting Defense Command (INN) that serves as the collaborative organization of the French armed with friendly nations.  Built in Concarneau by Piriou yards, the first sheet was laid in September 2012. The ship was launched in July 2013 and delivered in September 2013. NavOcéan, of subsidiary of DCI and Piriou, are responsible for its operation.

Almak has a gateway with a vision of 360 °. Navigation equipment, including radar and synthetic mapping, are suitable for cadet training. Its draft of 3.1 meters is suited to learning and facilitates navigation in coastal areas. The ship is 44 meters long with a beam of 9.6 meters. It carries a crew of eight sailors and embeds one teacher and 16 students.

Almak has two engines of 662 kilowatts with 2 shafts and two controllable pitch propellers (HPV) that can reach a speed of 12 knots. It has an autonomy of 10 days sailing at 10 knots. These Piriou sites participate in its operation via navOcean, who services Almak in Concarneau.

Capacity
Almak plans to train a dozen cadets of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Libya and Qatar and will provide 35–40 weeks of sailing per year. The ship can be used for receiving trainee divers for surveillance missions and experimental navigation equipment.

Initially, Almak will operate from Brest and include Kuwaiti cadets attending the Naval School of Lanvéoc-Poulmic CENOE under the program (course for foreign officers).

See also
Training ship
Piriou

References

Ships built in France
Training ships
SPC-1000. The SPC-1000 is the first Z80-based personal computer produced by Samsung. It was developed in South Korea, with built-in HuBASIC BASIC written by Hudson Soft in Japan. The computer features a 4 MHz processor and 64 KB of RAM.

History
The SPC-1000 launched in 1983 as the first personal computer produced by Samsung. The machine was mainly used in education.

Description
The main unit includes the keyboard and a built-in tape recorder. External disk drives, a gamepad, and a dedicated CRT monitor can be connected to this unit. The computer can run CP/M if equipped with double-sided, double density floppy disk drives.

Software was published on cassette tapes, with more than one hundred games and programs. Some games were conversions of popular Arcade games in the early 1980s, adapted to the computer's limitations.

Features
The computer has a Zilog Z80 CPU running at 4 MHz, and 64KB of RAM. Sound is produced by a General Instrument AY-3-8910 chip, providing 3 voices with 8 octaves each. 
Video is generated by an AMI S68047 chip (quite similar to the Motorola 6847), offering semigraphics in 9 colors, a 128 × 192 mode in 4 colors, or a 256 × 192 mode in 2 colors.

Gallery

Video games
There are 65 known SPC-1000 video games.

References

Microcomputers
Computer-related introductions in 1983
Personal computers
Z80-based home computers
Samsung computers
Sikorsky S-2. The Sikorsky S-2 was the second fixed-wing aircraft designed by Igor Sikorsky using the main wing section from the S-1 and a  Anzani 3 three-cylinder engine in a tractor configuration. During the first flight attempt on June 3, 1910, the biplane reached a height of two to four feet and traveled approximately . After several successful flights, the S-2 was destroyed on June 30 when Sikorsky inadvertently stalled the underpowered aircraft at an altitude of .

Specifications

See also

References

S-2
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1910
Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon AC Double Decker Express. 11085/11086 & 11099/11100 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express was the Double Decker trains of Indian Railways, which were the first of its type to be introduced. They are accommodated with latest stainless steel LHB coach. They link Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and Madgaon, an important town in Goa through Konkan Railway. The Double Decker express was discontinued by railways due to less occupancy and substituted with a regular express equipped with LHB coachin November 2022.

Coaches
The 11085/11086 & 11099/11100 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express  had 6 AC Chair Car & 2 EOG cars. As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended depending on demand.

Service

11085/11086 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express was first introduced on 7 December 2015.  it runs twice a week. The 11099/11100 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express was first introduced on 15 June 2019. It runs weekly.

They cover the distance of 592 kilometres in 12 hours as 11085/Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Madgaon Junction AC Double Decker Express (47 km/h) & 12 hours as 11086/Madgaon Junction–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus AC Double Decker Express (47 km/h). With maximum speed of 100 km/h.

Route and halts

 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
 Thane
 Panvel
 Khed
 Chiplun
 Ratnagiri
 Kankavali
 Sawantwadi
 Thivim
 Karmali
 Madgaon

Traction
It has been hauled by a WAP 7(HOG Equipped) engine from the Kalyan Electric Loco Shed.

References

Sister trains
 Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Karmali AC Superfast Express
 Dadar–Madgaon Jan Shatabdi Express
 Konkan Kanya Express
 Mandovi Express
 Mumbai CSMT–Karmali Tejas Express

Transport in Mumbai
Transport in Margao
Double-decker trains of India
Rail transport in Maharashtra
Rail transport in Goa
John W. Hetrick. John Willard Hetrick (July 23, 1918 - April 8, 1999) was a twentieth-century American engineer. He is credited for inventing the airbag.

Biography
Born in Newport, Pennsylvania on July 23, 1918, John W. Hetrick originally referred to his invention of the airbag as a "Safety cushion assembly for automotive vehicles."  He built the original prototype on his kitchen table in 1952, and applied for a patent on Aug 5, 1952.  

He served as an industrial engineer in the United States Navy and took notable design influences from compressed air torpedoes.

Hetrick received a US Patent #2,649,311 on August 18, 1953 for an "airbag".  He did not receive much income for his invention, since automakers did not offer airbags widely until after his patent had expired in 1971.  

Hetrick was awarded the Golden Gear Award for his invention.

Further reading

References

20th-century American engineers
1918 births
1999 deaths
People from Newport, Pennsylvania
Hilary Mason (entrepreneur). Hilary Mason is an American entrepreneur and data scientist. She is the co-founder of the startup Fast Forward Labs.

Early life and education
Mason was born in New York City, and graduated from Grinnell College with a B.A. in computer science in 2000, and attended Brown University.

Career 
In 2010, she co-founded hackNY, a non-profit that helps integrate engineering students into the startup community in New York City.  After a few years working as Chief Scientist at bitly, she quit the company in 2014 and co-founded Fast Forward Labs with Micha Gorelick, another former bitly data scientist. She continues working as a data scientist at Accel. On September 7, 2017, Cloudera announced that it had acquired Fast Forward Labs, and that Mason would become Cloudera's Vice President of Research.

She has been interviewed by TechRepublic, Forbes, Wall Street Journal, ProgrammableWeb and others. She has further featured in both Glamour (magazine) and Scientific American

She has also been a member of Mayor Bloomberg's Technology and Innovation Advisory Council. In addition, Mason is a prominent member of NYCResistor, a hacker collective located in Brooklyn.

Fast Forward Labs
Fast Forward Labs specializes in machine learning intelligence research. Mason is the CEO of the Fast Forward Labs until the acquisition, on September 7, 2017 by Cloudera, a US open-source software company that offers support, training and software to business clients. Cloudera extended this offer due to FFL's experience and expertise in applying machine learning to practical business problems and their commitment to continual academic and industrial research surveys on new techniques. Mason explained that the merger of FFL with Cloudera would enable further and accelerated research opportunities on a larger platform.

Awards 
Mason received the TechFellows Engineering Leadership award in 2012 worth $100,000. She  was also on the Fortune 40 under 40 Ones to Watch list in 2011, as well as Crain's New York 40 under Forty list.

She was named within the Top 100 most creative people in business by Fast Company.

References

External links 
 
 cloudera.com

American business executives
Information systems researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Grinnell College alumni
Brown University alumni
Businesspeople from New York City
Johnson & Wales University faculty
American data scientists
Women data scientists
Sodium bismuth titanate. Sodium bismuth titanate or bismuth sodium titanium oxide (NBT or BNT) is a solid inorganic compound of sodium, bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 or Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. This compound adopts the perovskite structure.

Synthesis
Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 is not a naturally occurring mineral and several synthesis routes to obtain the compound have been developed. It can be easily prepared by solid state reaction between Na2CO3, Bi2O3 and TiO2 at temperatures around 850 °C.

Structure

The exact room-temperature crystal structure of sodium bismuth titanate has been a matter of debate for several years. Early studies in the 1960s using X-ray diffraction suggested Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 to adopt either a pseudo-cubic or a rhombohedral crystal structure. In 2010, based on the high-resolution single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, a monoclinic structure (space group Cc) was proposed. On heating, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 transforms at 533 ± 5 K to a tetragonal structure (space group P4bm) and above 793 ± 5 K to cubic structure (space group Pmm).

Physical properties
Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 is a relaxor ferroelectric. Its optical band gap was reported to be in the 3.0–3.5 eV.

Applications

Various solid solutions with tetragonal ferroelectric perovskites including BaTiO3, Bi0.5K0.5TiO3  have been developed to obtain morphotropic phase boundaries to enhance the piezoelectric properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3. The extraordinarily large strain generated by a field-induced phase transition in sodium bismuth titanate-based solid solutions prompted researchers to investigate its potential as an alternative to lead zirconate titanate for actuator applications.

References

Further reading
 Lead-Free Piezoelectrics, Ed. Shashank Priya and Sahn Nahm,(2012), Springer-Verlag, New York. .

Titanates
Bismuth compounds
Ceramic materials
Piezoelectric materials
Ferroelectric materials
Perovskites
Sodium compounds
Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid. Dimethyl dithiophosphoric acid is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH3O)2PS2H.  It is the processor for production of the organothiophosphate insecticide Malathion. Although samples can appear dark, the compound is a colorless, distillable liquid.

It is prepared by treating phosphorus pentasulfide with methanol:
P2S5  +  4 CH3OH    →  2 (CH3O)2PS2H  +  H2S

See also
 Ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate
 Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid
 Zinc dithiophosphate

References 

Organothiophosphate esters
Methoxy compounds
Howard Engstrom. Howard T. Engstrom (1902 – 1962) was a Yale University mathematics professor and headed research operations at the United States Navy's Communication Supplementary Activities CSAW during World War II. Along with William Norris and others he founded Engineering Research Associates in 1946.  He was one of the co-creators of the Univac computer, and served as deputy director of the National Security Agency.

Education
Engstrom graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from Northeastern University in 1925, and received a master's from the University of Maine in 1922, where he also worked as a mathematics instructor. He was announced as an Instructor of mathematics at Yale in 1927, received his PhD from Yale in 1929, and was promoted to associate professor in 1941.

Engstrom "was a national research fellow at the California Institute of Technology in 1930 and an international research fellow at Göttingen, Germany, in 1931". He was also a "fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers and of Davenport College".

Military and professional career
Engstrom resigned from Yale to enter military service in 1941. He attained the rank of captain  in the Navy and was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal (United States Navy), the Order of the British Empire, the Naval Reserve Medal, and a Presidential Unit Citation (United States).

Engstrom served as vice president and director of marketing of scientific systems for Sperry Rand's Remington Rand Univac division from 1952–1956, and co-created the Univac.

Engstrom served at the National Security Agency for two years, beginning in October, 1956. Upon his departure, Secretary of Defense Neil H. McElroy cited him for "exceptional meritorious civilian service" in directing the agency's research program.

Death
Engstrom died at the age of 59 after suffering a months-long illness.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 

Computer designers
People from Boston
20th-century American mathematicians
American computer scientists
United States Navy officers
1962 deaths
Military personnel from Massachusetts
1902 births
Nuplex Industries. Nuplex Industries Limited was a global manufacturer and distributor of resins used in decorative paints and industrial and performance coatings with operations in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand. They were a publicly listed company on the NZX50 index in New Zealand.

History
The business was founded in 1952, and was initially a distribution company for flooring products. As of 2015, they employed over 1700 staff across 25 countries. They have a number of manufacturing divisions, including:

 Automotive related resins and plastics
 Vehicle paints 
 aerospace resins and paints
 marine products,
 flooring & construction for the commercial and industrial sectors
 adhesives 
 paper and textiles

Nuplex Industries was headquartered in Sydney, Australia with the Allnex merger its headquarters moved to Frankfurt am Main. As at 31 December 2015, Nuplex Industries had a NZ$895 million market capitalisation.  Its chairman of the board of directors is Peter Springford, and its chief executive officer has been Emery Severin since 2010.

Expansion
Since the global financial crisis, Nuplex has expanded profitably into Europe and Asia with their industrial coatings and paints. They have been described by Research and markets, an independent financial analyst firm as one of the major global players in global resins coating. They opened a new factory in Russia in 2014 to cater to expected long-term growth from that country. Nuplex signalled at its AGM in November 2015 that it expected strong sales for a new fast drying paint that had been in research and development for the previous seven years.

In mid-September 2016 Nuplex was brought together with Allnex, from then on operating under the name Allnex. After the Allnex takeover, Nuplex was delisted from the NZX. New corporate headquarters of the combined company are in Frankfurt am Main in Germany.

References

External links

House Painters

Paint and coatings companies of Australia
1952 establishments in Australia
Chemical companies of New Zealand
Pulp and paper companies of Australia
Chemical companies established in 1952
Manufacturing companies based in Sydney
Defunct manufacturing companies of New Zealand
Resource exhaustion attack. Resource exhaustion attacks are computer security exploits that crash, hang, or otherwise interfere with the targeted program or system. They are a form of denial-of-service attack but are different from distributed denial-of-service attacks, which involve overwhelming a network host such as a web server with requests from many locations.

Attack vectors 

Resource exhaustion attacks generally exploit a software bug or design deficiency. In software with manual memory management (most commonly written in C or C++), memory leaks are a very common bug exploited for resource exhaustion. Even if a garbage collected programming language is used, resource exhaustion attacks are possible if the program uses memory inefficiently and does not impose limits on the amount of state used when necessary.

File descriptor leaks are another common vector. Most general-purpose programming languages require the programmer to explicitly close file descriptors, so even particularly high-level languages allow the programmer to make such mistakes.

Types and examples 
 Billion laughs
 Fork bomb
 Infinite loop
 Local Area Network Denial (LAND)
 Pentium F00F bug
 Ping of death
 Regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)

References

External links
OWASP's wiki article on resource exhaustion
Daniel J. Bernstein on resource exhaustion

Denial-of-service attacks
Oligosaprobe. Oligosaprobes are organisms that inhabit clean water or water that is only slightly polluted by organic matter. Oxidation processes predominate in such waters owing to an excess of dissolved oxygen. Nitrates are among the nitrogen compounds present; there is little carbonic acid and no hydrogen sulfide.  Oligosaprobic environments are aquatic environments rich in dissolved oxygen and (relatively) free from decayed organic matter.

Overview
Oligosaprobes include some green and diatomaceous algae, flowering plants (for example, European white water lilies), some rotifers, Bryozoa, sponges, mollusks of the genus Dreissena, cladocerans (daphnids, bithotrephes), dragonfly and mayfly larvae, sterlets, trout, minnows, and newts. 

Oligosaprobes also embrace a few saprophytes, including bacteria (scores and hundreds per 1 cu mm of water) and organisms that feed on bacteria. The term “oligosaprobe” is usually applied only to freshwater organisms.

See also

References

External links
Maintaining Water Clarity In Pond

Aquatic ecology
Chemical oceanography
Environmental science
Water quality indicators
Oxygen