omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
PlayPower. PlayPower is a non-profit organization designed to create free educational computer software for low income families in India and other developing countries. After 2012 the project was reformed as PlayPower Labs, LLC, which focuses now on educational games for mobile platforms.

Concept 

The games are designed to run on 8-bit systems, using designs and processors that are in the public domain e.g. Famicom clones which patents have expired, which allows the games to be run on very low cost computers. For $12, families can buy a compatible computer with an 8-bit, 6502 processor, a keyboard, a slot for game cartridges, a mouse, and two game controllers. Lacking its own monitor, the computer plugs into a TV screen for display. Part of the software should be acquired as source code of commercially unavailable educational games, like Number Munchers and Lemonade Stand, and ported by the open-source community.

At least three games were in production as of early 2010, "Hanuman Typing warrior", "Hanuman's Quiz Adventure" and the "Mosquito game". The project opened the source code for these three games, written in assembly. One of them teaches players how to type, which can greatly improve their earning potential in the job market. Another is a multiple choice question game, somewhat similar to that featured in the film Slumdog Millionaire. And finally, a different game was created to raise awareness of malaria (which infects 1.5 million people a year in India) by allowing players to kill mosquitoes and accumulate points toward antimalarial mosquito nets.

History 
The organization was founded in 2008 by Derek Lomas and Daniel Rehn , who were students at the University of California at San Diego at the time, and Jeremy Douglass, a postdoctoral research fellow at the same school at the time.

In 2012 Daniel Rehn announced on his private homepage the PowerPlay project as "finished".

After 2012 the Playpower project was transformed to "Playpower Labs, LLC" and offers now mobile platform educational games via Apple's iTunes store and Google's play store.

Reception 
PlayPower won the MacArthur Foundation's Digital Media and Learning Competition in 2009, for which it received $180,000 to help fund its activities. More than 100 volunteer programmers from around the world have signed up to help develop games.

The project was noted  in the academic domain and by the web community like BoingBoing.

See also
Uzebox

References

External links

 Hanuman Typing Warrior NES game and source code on groups.google.com

Appropriate technology
Nintendo Entertainment System hardware clones
Open-source video games
Educational video games
Non-profit organizations based in California
Information and communication technologies in Asia
Video game organizations
ISO/IEC 24744. ISO/IEC 24744 Software Engineering — Metamodel for Development Methodologies is  an ISO/IEC standard for software engineering metamodelling for development methodologies. It defines a metamodel from which development methodologies (software, but not only) can be instantiated.

In other words, ISO/IEC 24744 provides an agreed-upon set of words (a vocabulary), plus their corresponding meanings (their semantics), that can be used to describe methodologies used to develop software, hardware and other similar products.

From a technical viewpoint, ISO/IEC 24744 is based on the principles of method engineering and departs from the strict modelling paradigm sponsored by the Object Management Group, using instead an extension of the object-oriented approach that incorporates powertype patterns and clabjects.

External links 
 ISO/IEC 24744 page in ISO's catalogue

24744
IBM Hursley. IBM Hursley is a research and development laboratory belonging to International Business Machines in the village of Hursley, Hampshire, England. Established in Hursley House, an 18th-century Queen Anne style mansion in 1958, the facility has been instrumental in the development of IBM's software technologies since the 1950s. It is still the home of development for CICS and MQ technology. Among the software developed by IBM Hursley is the Customer Information Control System (CICS), used in ATMs, which was the first Hursley product with a billion dollars in annual revenue.

Initially, IBM just used the House and its grounds. In 1963 it purchased 100 acres (405,000 m2) of land surrounding the house and has since erected a large modern office complex employing over 1500 people.

The facility is host to the IBM Client Centre, which offers potential clients a secure environment where they can test company software and work with staff experts on best practices, proof of concept, and proof of technology.

Hursley House itself, a Grade II* listed building, is still used as an Executive Briefing Centre. The lower ground floor of the house is home to the IBM Hursley Museum, a computing museum that covers the history of IBM Hursley Park, IBM United Kingdom, and IBM Corporation.

References

External links 
 IBM Hursley Site

 IBM Hursley Labs Flickr Galleries
 IBM Hursley Labs Pinterest Pins
 IBM Hursley Labs YouTube Channel
 IBM Hursley Museum

Computer science in the United Kingdom
Country houses in Hampshire
Grade II* listed buildings in Hampshire
Grade II* listed houses
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Houses completed in 1724
IBM facilities
Queen Anne architecture in the United Kingdom
Research institutes in Hampshire
1963 establishments in England
Marcasite jewellery. Marcasite jewellery is jewellery made using cut and polished pieces of pyrite (fool's gold) as gemstone, and not, as the name suggests, from marcasite.

Both pyrite and marcasite are chemically iron sulfide, but differ in their crystal structures, giving them different physical properties. Pyrite is more stable and less brittle than marcasite. Marcasite can also react with moisture to form sulfuric acid. These are the reasons why pyrite is used instead of real marcasite in "marcasite" jewellery.

Marcasite jewellery is frequently made by setting small pieces of faceted pyrite into silver. Cheaper costume jewellery is made by gluing pieces of pyrite rather than setting. A similar-looking type of jewellery can be made from small pieces of cut steel. The cut and polished marcasite pieces reflect light at different angles from its different facets giving it a sparkle.

Thailand is one of the large producers of modern marcasite jewellery in silver.

History
Marcasite jewellery has been made since the time of the ancient Greeks. It was particularly popular in the eighteenth century, the Victorian era and with Art Nouveau jewellery designers. When diamonds were banned from public display in Switzerland in the 18th century, marcasite, along with cut steel, was turned to as a replacement.

When Prince Albert died in 1861, Queen Victoria entered a period of mourning, requiring her entire court to wear black and avoid opulent jewellery. Marcasite became popular as an understated alternative for the nobility.

References

Types of jewellery
Geo. Hattersley. Geo. Hattersley was a textile machinery manufacturer from Keighley, West Yorkshire in England, founded in 1789 and responsible for the Hattersley Standard Loom and other types of looms.

History
Richard Hattersley, the founder of the company, served his apprenticeship at Kirkstall Forge. He set up his own business in 1789 at Stubbings Mill, Airworth, manufacturing nuts, bolts, screws and small parts for textile machines. Although the first loom was produced in 1834, it was never delivered as it was smashed up in transit by a group of handloom weavers of the Luddite persuasion who were fearful for their livelihood.
A replacement was eventually delivered. Hattersley's prospered and developed an extensive catalogue, adding new products to their range such as tobacco machines and garden furniture. They also ventured into production and the subsidiary companies have survived where the parent did not. G. Hattersley and Sons Ltd closed in 1983.

Products
Hattersley produced a large range of types of looms over 120 years for all sectors of the market, from the narrow band looms to sheeting looms. At one time, they had about 26 basic models in their catalogue.

Hattersley Dobby Loom
In 1867 George Hattersley and Sons created a loom with a dobby head.

Hattersley Narrow Fabric Loom
In 1908 Hattersley created smallware looms which were suitable for weaving wicks for oil lamps, and the webbing that is used in the automotive industry. To demonstrate this loom, the firm bought the Cabbage Mills and later the Greegate Shed in Keighley where they started production of these products. The firm survives today as  Hattersley Aladdin Ltd.

Hattersley Standard Loom
After the recapitalisation boom of 1919 cotton yarn production peaked in 1926, a further investment was sparse. Rayon, artificial silk, was invented in the 1930s in Silsden nearby, and the Hattersley Silk Loom was adapted to weave this new fabric.

Hattersley Domestic Loom
The Hattersley Domestic Loom was part of the Hattersley Domestic System that include other machines such as the pirn winder and warping mill. It was a compact machine, combining all the know-how and precision engineering of the nineteenth century with the need for a treadle-operated loom.

See also
 Hattersley loom

References

External links 
A history written by a descendant
Hattersley Narrow Fabric History 
Hattersley Domestic Loom Club

Companies based in the City of Bradford
British companies established in 1789
Textile machinery manufacturers
Weaving
Keighley
Defunct companies based in Yorkshire
1789 establishments in England
Hermann Föttinger. Hermann Föttinger (9 February 1877 in Nuremberg – 28 April 1945 in Berlin) was a German engineer and inventor. In the course of his life he submitted over 100 patent applications, but he is most notable for inventing fluid coupling.

Career
From 1895 to 1899 Hermann Föttinger studied electrical engineering at the Technical University of Munich.

AG Vulcan Stettin
From 1904 he worked as a chief designer in the shipyard AG Vulcan Stettin. He was responsible for the introduction and testing of new steam turbines. During this time he developed the fluid coupling consisting of a pump and a turbine in a unit that in further development resulted in the automatic automobile transmission.

Technische Hochschule in Danzig
In 1909 he obtained a position at the Technische Hochschule in Danzig where he started the institute for fluid dynamics technology.

Technische Hochschule Berlin
In 1924 he took up a position as head of the current department of physics and turbines at Technische Hochschule Berlin (now Technische Universität Berlin). Here he remained until his death from grenade fragments in April 1945.

Achievements

Fluid dynamics
Föttinger laid the basis of the fluid dynamics from Euler over Rankine and Hermann von Helmholtz to its current uses in the boundary layer of airplane wings and propulsion theory.

Railcars
Together with Franz Kruckenberg he started the Flugbahn-Gesellschaft mbH to develop the Schienenzeppelins (railroad cars).

Internal combustion engines
Föttinger's patents for internal combustion engines include:
 US1636050, Device for damping the oscillations of multiple crank shafts
 US2244453, Scavenging of two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines

Literature
 Hans Jürgen Reuß: ' 'Hermann Föttinger' '. In: Journal (2008) internationally maritime HANSA, 6, S.  58-59. Hamburg: Navigation publishing house "Hansa" C. Schroedter & Co. (Gmbh & Co. KG), 2008.

References

External links
 http://www.hfi.tu-berlin.de/Foettinger/Projekte/SVT137155/svt137155.pdf description of SVT 137 155
 
 
 detailed representation Föttingers life and creating  the institute for current mechanics and technical acoustics of the TU Berlin, ehem. Hermann-Föttinger-institute for current mechanics
 in/volltexte/2008/2012/html/festschrift/foettinger.htm biography in the commemorative volume ' '125 years Technische Universität Berlin' '

1877 births
1945 deaths
20th-century German inventors
German electrical engineers
German fluid dynamicists
Technical University of Munich alumni
Academic staff of the Gdańsk University of Technology
Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin
Engineers from Nuremberg
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
German civilians killed in World War II
Deaths by hand grenade
Wallace King (businessman). Wallace Macarthur King AO  was the chief executive officer of Leighton Holdings, Australia's largest engineering and construction company. He was CEO from 1987 until he was replaced on 1 February 2011 by David Stewart, making him one of the longest-running CEOs in Australian history.

Wallace King is an alumnus of the University of New South Wales, graduating with both a Bachelor of Engineering and a Master of Engineering Science. The university recognised his accomplishments by conferring on him the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa).

He joined Leighton Contractors in 1968 and became managing director of that company in 1977. He was appointed as deputy managing director of Leighton Holdings in 1983, and promoted to CEO in 1987.

King was appointed Member of the Order of Australia in 1998 for "service to the construction industry, to the Australian Constructors Association and to the community" and in 2001 awarded the Centenary Medal for "service to Australian society in civil, structural and mining engineering". He was promoted to Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours for "service to the Australian construction industry as a leader and innovator and through initiatives to develop the export of engineering services, particularly in the Asian region, and to the community through support for a range of educational, environmental, welfare and cultural organisations".

Corporate & other positions 
Wallace King has been a director of Coca-Cola Amatil since 2002. He is also a member of the University Council of the University of New South Wales.

Notes 

Australian chief executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mike Cohn. Mike Cohn (born August 25, 1962) is one of the contributors to the  Scrum software development method. 
He is one of the founders of the Scrum Alliance.

Early life and education
Born in Anaheim, California, U.S. in 1962, Mike Cohn received his master's degree in computer science from the University of Idaho in northern Idaho. Having a research interest in Agile project management, he specializes in communicating needs and achieving Agile project goals through user stories.

Career
Cohn began his career in the early 1980s as a programmer in APL and BASIC before moving on to C++ and Java and running development groups.

Cohn is the founder of Mountain Goat Software, a process and project management consultancy and training firm. He is the author of Agile Estimating and Planning, User Stories Applied for Agile Software Development and Succeeding with Agile: Software Development using Scrum, as well as books on Java and C++ programming.  Cohn was a keynote speaker on ADAPTing to Agile for Continued Success at the Agile 2010 Presented by the Agile Alliance. In 2012, Cohn was named #1 in The Top 20 Most Influential Agile People.

Cohn is a proponent of stand-up meeting, particularly emphasizing actual standing during them. Teams are encouraged to come up with their own rules for improving these meetings, for example fining people who are late to them. A 2011 survey of tech employees from around the world found that 78% held  daily stand-up-meetings.

Publications
 Java Developer's Reference (1996)
 Database Developer's Guide With Borland C++5: (Sams Developers Guide) (1996)
 Sams Teach Yourself Visual Café 2 in 21 Days (1997)
 Web Programming With Visual J++ (1997)

References

External links

 Cohn's Homepage

Living people
Extreme programming
American bloggers
American technology writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
1962 births
Acoustic dispersion. In acoustics, acoustic dispersion is the phenomenon of a sound wave separating into its component frequencies as it passes through a material. The phase velocity of the sound wave is viewed as a function of frequency. Hence, separation of component frequencies is measured by the rate of change in phase velocities as the radiated waves pass through a given medium.

Broadband transmission method
A widely used technique for determining acoustic dispersion is a broadband transmission method. This technique was originally introduced in 1978 and has been employed to study the dispersion properties of metal (1978), epoxy resin (1986), paper materials (1993), and ultra-sound contrast agent (1998). In 1990 and 1993 this method confirmed the Kramers–Kronig relation for acoustic waves.

Application of this method requires the measurements of a reference velocity to obtain values for the acoustic dispersion. This is accomplished by determining (usually) the speed of the sound in water, the thickness of the specimen, and the phase spectrum of each of the two transmitted ultrasound pulses.

Dispersive attenuation
 Acoustic attenuation

See also
Dispersion (optics)

References

Acoustics
Metamaterials
Scimitar antenna. A scimitar antenna is a radio antenna so named because its shape resembles a talon-shaped curved sword of the same name.  It was invented in 1958 by Edwin M. and William P. Turner.  It is essentially a flat metal plate in a semi-circular or semi-elliptical shape with a wide end at one side and a narrow point at the other.  Its shape makes it suited for use on aircraft or space vehicles.  It was used for VHF communication on the Apollo command and service module.

A U.S. patent was applied for on October 31, 1958, and granted on December 26, 1961.  The inventors assigned the patent to the U.S. government, as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force.

Use in Apollo Program 

The Block II Apollo command and service module carried a pair of elliptical VHF scimitar antennas on the Service Module walls.
The antenna's scimitar shape wasn't externally visible, since it had to be covered by a shroud for aerodynamic purposes.  The antenna radiated and received signals in an approximately hemispherical pattern, therefore two antennas were necessary to provide full omnidirectional coverage. VHF communication was used for ship-to-ground communication in Earth orbit, and ship-to-ship communication with the Apollo Lunar Module. This was distinct from the unified S-band high-gain antenna used for communication with Earth at lunar distances.

The earlier Block I design of the Apollo spacecraft carried the scimitar antennas inside two semicircular strakes attached near the base of the Command Module, which were intended to improve aerodynamic stability during reentry.  However, the strakes were found to be unnecessary, and would have been ineffective at high lunar return reentry speeds.  Therefore, the strakes were deleted and the antennas were moved to the Service Module in the Block II design used in crewed missions.

The first two Lunar Modules to fly, Apollo 5 and Apollo 9, also carried a pair of VHF scimitar antennas for the transmission of Developmental Flight Instrumentation (DFI) telemetry data.  One was located on the front face, just inboard of the right-hand side cockpit window, and the other was located on the left side of the aft equipment bay.  Since the Lunar Module never operated in the Earth's atmosphere, no aerodynamic covering was necessary, and the scimitar shape was externally visible.  After Apollo 9, the Lunar Module was considered operational, so the DFI and scimitar antennas were not present on subsequent flights.

VHF jamming 

Military aircraft, typically long-range bombers in the 1960s, sometimes used VHF jamming to disrupt the voice communications of interceptor aircraft. This jamming required broadband, omnidirectional antennas, such as the scimitar.

Difficulties in developing the WCLG-3B design of antenna for the AN/ALA-15(V) voice jammer, by Dynalectron Corporation, led to both patented techniques in precision-forming PTFE as dielectric components,
and also a notable lawsuit over the termination of the US Government contract to supply them.

References 

 
Apollo program hardware
American inventions
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604. Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604 was a scheduled Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara flight in which the aircraft caught fire during a belly landing at Bahir Dar Airport, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, on 15 September 1988.

Aircraft
The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 737-260, registration ET-AJA, delivered new to Ethiopian Airlines. At the time of the accident, the aircraft was less than a year old.

Accident description
On , the aircraft was scheduled to operate the second leg of a domestic Addis Ababa–Bahir Dar–Asmara passenger service with 98 passengers and 6 crew members on board. Both engines of the aircraft ingested a flock of speckled pigeons as it took off from Bahir Dar Airport, and subsequently overheated. One of the engines immediately lost thrust, while the other did so on the emergency return to the departure airport. During a gear-up landing, the aircraft caught fire. All of the fatalities were among the passengers.

See also

 Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents
Ural Airlines Flight 178 – 2019 accident after both engines failed following a bird strike shortly after takeoff
US Airways Flight 1549 – 2009 accident after both engines failed following a bird strike shortly after takeoff
Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751 - 1991 accident after both engines failed following ice ingestion shortly after takeoff
Eastern Air Lines Flight 375 – 1960 accident after the aircraft suffered a bird strike shortly after takeoff

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1988
Aviation accidents and incidents in Ethiopia
1988 in Ethiopia
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original
605
September 1988 events in Africa
Airliner accidents and incidents involving bird strikes
Airliner accidents and incidents involving belly landings
1988 disasters in Ethiopia
History of Bahir Dar
Bristol F.3A. The Bristol F.3A was a British three-seat, single-engined biplane designed by the British & Colonial Aeroplane Co in 1916 as an anti-Zeppelin fighter. Two prototypes were ordered for the Royal Flying Corps but were not completed and the project was cancelled. In 1923 the type was retrospectively designated the Type 7.

Development
The company was invited to bid for the production of two prototype escort and anti-Zeppelin fighters, using two 250 hp Rolls-Royce engines made available by the Admiralty. The design was based on the company's twin-engined local defence fighter, the T.T.A., and was required to have a patrol endurance of seven hours.  The company received an order on 16 May 1916 to build two prototypes for the Royal Flying Corps. The type used many TTA components including the wings, rear fuselage and tail unit. The two gunners were each accommodated in a nacelle on the top wing with a forward- and rearward-firing machine gun.

With the availability of aircraft with synchronising guns the programme was cancelled and the two aircraft were not built.

Specifications

References

Notes

Bibliography

1910s British fighter aircraft
F.3A
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom