omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Rina Levinson. Rina Levinson-Adler (Hebrew: רינה לוינסון-אדלר) (27 April 1927 – 11 April 2021) was one of the first three female pilots admitted to the Israeli Air Force (IAF) pilot training course.

Early life and education 
Rina Levinson-Adler was born in Tel Aviv, Israel on 27 April 1927. From the age of 14, she flew gliders at the club at Tel Aviv Airport.

She earned her civilian pilot's licence in 1946 and studied aerospace engineering in the United States. While studying in the US, she got her pilot's licence for twin-engine aircraft and took a course in skydiving.

Flying career 
On her return to Israel in 1951, she was admitted to the Israeli Air Force (IAF) pilot training course along with two other women, Ya'el Rom-Finkelstein and Ruth Bokbinder. Levinson did not complete the training, but her civilian licences were recognised and she was assigned as a sergeant, later becoming a sergeant-major pilot serving in 147 Squadron, a reconnaissance and transport squadron with light aircraft such as the Boeing-Stearman PT-13 'Kaydet'. The unit was led by Captain Meir Shefer and had 25 aircraft but only 12 pilots, all reservists and civilian pilots. The squadron operated from IAF airbase at Mazkeret Batya. During the Suez Crisis in 1956, the squadron was transferred to the base at Ramla.

During the Suez Crisis in 1956, in operation "קיטור" (Machbesh) Levinson and Ya'el Rom-Finkelstein flew 2 of the 16 C-47 Dakotas that carried the 395 paratroopers of the 890th Parachute Battalion of the 202nd Parachute Brigade to the Mitla Pass, the first action of the Second Arab-Israeli War. Later during the same conflict, in Operation "קדש" (Kadesh), the Israeli operations in the Sinai Peninsula, she flew Stearman Kaydets and was the regular liaison pilot with the commander of the French Air Force.

In 1957, she earned her D-licence at the same time as well-known French aviators Suzanne Jannin and Valerie André.

After leaving the IAF, Levinson founded Monavir Air Taxi & Charter Service in the early 1960s, an airline that operated Cessnas from the then small airport near Jerusalem.

Levinson also flew gliders and took part in gliding competitions. In 1964, she received the Paul Tissandier Diploma from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), awarded to individuals who have particularly served aviation, especially private and sport aviation, through their work, initiative, dedication or other efforts.

Levinson-Adler continued to work as a civilian flight instructor until 1998.

She was also active in The Ninety-Nines, an international non-profit organisation for women in aviation.

Rina Levinson-Adler died on 11 April 2021.

Images

References 

1927 births
2021 deaths
Israeli military aviators
Israeli women aviators
People from Tel Aviv
Women military aviators
Silwal. Silwal () is a Nepalese surname belonging to the Khas people of both the Bahun and Chhetri caste.

Notable people with the surname Silwal include:

Subas Silwal, is a Senior Principal Aerospace Engineer in USA, with more than 20+ years experience in this field.

Bhola Silwal, (born 1987) is a Nepali professional footballer
Bhola Singh Silwal, Chief District Office (CDO). He is one of the most sincere government officer. He was recognized with several top level medals from government.
Bhupendra Silwal, Nepalese long-distance runner
Mahima Silwal, Nepalese actress
Nawaraj Silwal, Nepalese Politician, former DIG of Nepal Police
Yadav Kant Silwal, Nepalese diplomat and former Foreign Secretary

References

Ethnic groups in Nepal
Nepali-language surnames
Khas surnames
Kshatriya communities
Brahmin communities
Diffusive–thermal instability. Diffusive–thermal instability or thermo–diffusive instability is an intrinsic flame instability that occurs both in premixed flames and in diffusion flames and arises because of the difference in the diffusion coefficient values for the fuel and heat transport, characterized by non-unity values of Lewis numbers. The instability mechanism that arises here is the same as in Turing instability explaining chemical morphogenesis, although the mechanism was first discovered in the context of combustion by Yakov Zeldovich in 1944 to explain the cellular structures appearing in lean hydrogen flames. Quantitative stability theory for premixed flames were developed by Gregory Sivashinsky (1977), Guy Joulin and Paul Clavin (1979) and for diffusion flames by Jong S. Kim and Forman A. Williams (1996,1997).

Dispersion relation for premixed flames

To neglect the influences by hydrodynamic instabilities such as Darrieus–Landau instability, Rayleigh–Taylor instability etc., the analysis usually neglects effects due to the thermal expansion of the gas mixture by assuming a constant density model. Such an approximation is referred to as diffusive-thermal approximation or thermo-diffusive approximation which was first introduced by Grigory Barenblatt, Yakov Zeldovich and A. G. Istratov in 1962. With a one-step chemistry model and assuming the perturbations to a steady planar flame in the form , where  is the transverse coordinate system perpendicular to flame,  is the time,  is the perturbation wavevector and  is the temporal growth rate of the disturbance, the dispersion relation  for one-reactant flames is given implicitly by

where , ,  is the Lewis number of the fuel and  is the Zeldovich number. This relation provides in general three roots for  in which the one with maximum  would determine the stability character. The stability margins are given by the following equations

describing two curves in the vs. plane. The first curve is associated with condition , whereas on the second curve  The first curve separates the region of stable mode from the region corresponding to cellular instability, whereas the second condition indicates the presence of traveling and/or pulsating instability.

See also
Turing pattern
Darrieus–Landau instability
Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation
Clavin–Garcia equation
Double diffusive convection

References

Fluid dynamics
Combustion
Fluid dynamic instabilities
Joshua R. Smith. Joshua R. Smith (born 1968) is an American computer scientist and electrical engineer and a professor at the University of Washington. He is known for research on wireless power (including WREL), backscatter communication (including WISP and Ambient Backscatter), and robotic manipulation.

Education and academic career 
He received a PhD degree from MIT in 1999, SM from MIT in 1995, MA from Cambridge University in Physics in 1997, and a dual BA in Computer Science and Philosophy from Williams College in 1991. He was at Intel Labs Seattle from 2004 to 2010, and joined the faculty of the University of Washington (UW) in 2011. He is the Milton and Delia Zeutschel Professor in Entrepreneurial Excellence at the University of Washington and leads the UW Sensor Systems Lab and directs the UW-Amazon Science Hub.

He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, recognized for "contributions to far‐ and near‐field wireless power, backscatter communication, and electric field sensing"; a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors; and a 2013 Allen Distinguished Investigator.

Entrepreneurship and commercial applications 
Several startup companies are commercializing technology from his lab, under license from the University of Washington: Wibotic, eLoupes (as Proprio) Jeeva, and Corisma. His PhD research at MIT was commercialized  to make a smart airbag system.

References

External links
 Faculty website

American computer scientists
American electrical engineers
Fellows of the IEEE
University of Washington Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Williams College alumni

1968 births
Living people
Loss of load. Loss of load in an electrical grid is a term used to describe the situation when the available generation capacity is less than the system load. Multiple probabilistic reliability indices for the generation systems are using loss of load in their definitions, with the more popular being Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) that characterizes a probability of a loss of load occurring within a year. Loss of load events are calculated before the mitigating actions (purchasing electricity from other systems, load shedding) are taken, so a loss of load does not necessarily cause a blackout.

Loss-of-load-based reliability indices 
Multiple reliability indices for the electrical generation are based on the loss of load being observed/calculated over a long interval (one or multiple years) in relatively small increments (an hour or a day). The total number of increments inside the long interval is designated as  (e.g., for a yearlong interval  if the increment is a day,  if the increment is an hour):
 Loss of load probability (LOLP) is a probability of an occurrence of an increment with a loss of load condition. LOLP can also be considered as a probability of involuntary load shedding;
 Loss of load expectation (LOLE) is the total duration of increments when the loss of load is expected to occur, . Frequently LOLE is specified in days, if the increment is an hour, not a day, a term loss of load hours (LOLH) is sometimes used. Since LOLE uses the daily peak value for the whole day, LOLH (that uses different peak values for each hour) cannot be obtained by simply multiplying LOLE by 24; although in practice the relationship is close to linear, the coefficients vary from network to network;
 Loss of load events (LOLEV) a.k.a. loss of load frequency (LOLF) is the number of loss of load events within the interval (an event can occupy several contiguous increments);
 Loss of load duration (LOLD) characterizes the average duration of a loss of load event:

One-day-in-ten-years criterion 
A typically accepted design goal for  is 0.1 day per year ("one-day-in-ten-years criterion" a.k.a. "1 in 10"), corresponding to . In the US, the threshold is set by the regional entities, like Northeast Power Coordinating Council:

See also 
 Value of lost load

References

Sources 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Electrical engineering
Reliability indices
Fiat Abarth 1000SP. The Fiat Abarth 1000SP is a Group 4 and Group 6 sports racing car built by Abarth in 1966 and 1970.

Development
The car was built by engineer Mario Colucci, and based on the mechanics of the Fiat 600 extensively modified, to participate in the races reserved for Group 6 sports cars. For this reason, 50 road specimens were built to obtain homologation for racing.

Overview

The car uses a tubular steel frame chassis and a DOHC inline 4-cylinder engine; making 105 HP with a twin-shaft cylinder head, placed in a central position capable of pushing the car up to a maximum speed of . This engine was equipped with two Weber 40 DCOE carburetors, while the lubrication was a wet-sump with a separate oil filter. The gearbox was a five-speed manual. The front of the vehicle was particularly sharp to allow a good flow of air through two openings that led to the engine coolant radiators. The suspensions in the front section were equipped with superimposed wishbones, stabilizer bars, coil springs, and telescopic shock absorbers, while in the rear section there were tubular oscillating arms, stabilizer bars, and coil springs, and telescopic shock absorbers. The bodywork was made of plastic to lighten the overall weight.

Racing history
The first race of the 1000SP was the Coppa dell Collina di Pistoia in 1966, where it finished fifth driven by Anzio Zucchi. Subsequently, she obtained the class victory and the third place overall in the 500 km of the Nurburgring with the driver Hans Hermann. Another noteworthy result was the class victory in the Aosta Pila climb with Leo Cella.

In 1968, after obtaining approval for Group 6, the 1000SP obtained the class victory in the Stellavena-Boscochiesanuova climb led by Paolo Lado and the first position at the 1000 km of Monza, a race valid for the Marche World Championship. Numerous other national and international successes followed.

References

Abarth vehicles
Fiat vehicles
Cars introduced in 1966
Sports cars
Rear-engined vehicles
Group 6 (racing) cars
Group 4 (racing) cars
Mid-engined cars
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
List of artificial intelligence artists. Many notable artificial intelligence artists have created a wide variety of artificial intelligence art from the 1960s to today. These include:

20th century 
 Harold Cohen, active from 1960s to 2010s. Cohen's work is primarily with AARON, a series of computer programs that autonomously create original images. 
 Eric Millikin, active from 1980s to present. Millikin's work includes AI-generated virtual reality, video art, poetry, music, and performance art, on topics such as animal rights, climate change, anti-racism, witchcraft, and the occult. 
 Karl Sims, active from 1980s to present. Sims is best known for using particle systems and artificial life in computer animation.

21st century 
 Refik Anadol, active from 2010s to present. Anadol's work includes video installations based on generative algorithms with artificial intelligence.
 Sougwen Chung, active from 2010s to present. Chung's work includes performances with a robotic arm that uses AI to attempt to draw in a manner similar to Chung.
 Stephanie Dinkins, active from 2010s to present. Dinkins' work includes recordings of conversations with an artificially intelligent robot that resembles a black woman, discussing topics such as race and the nature of being.
 Jake Elwes, active from 2010s to present. Their practice is the exploration of artificial intelligence, queer theory and technical biases.
 Libby Heaney, active from 2010s to present. Heaney's practice includes work with chatbots.
 Mario Klingemann, active from 2010s to present. Klingemann's works examine creativity, culture, and perception through machine learning and artificial intelligence.
 Mauro Martino, active from 2010s to present. Martino's work work includes design, data visualization and infographics.
 Trevor Paglen, active from 2000s to present. Paglen's practice includes work in photography and geography, on topics like mass surveillance and data collection.
 Anna Ridler, active from 2010s to present. Ridler works with collections of information, including self-generated data sets, often working with floral photography.

References

Artificial intelligence artists, List of
Jining Rail Transit. Jining Rail Transit is a public transport system under construction in Jining, Shandong, China.

The first phase to be completed will be the Confucius and Mencius tourist line, which employs BYD SkyRail monorail technology. Trains will have a maximum speed of . Originally, construction was scheduled to be completed by 2020, but due to the project lacking approval from the National Development and Reform Commission, its completion was delayed.

Lines under construction

Planned lines

References 

Transport in Jining
Monorails in China
Renault Scenic E-Tech. The Renault Scenic E-Tech is a battery electric compact crossover SUV that is produced by French automaker Renault from 2024. It was previewed as a concept was shown in May 2022 called the Renault Scénic Vision, with the production model having an estimated release date of 2024. The car is the 2024 European Car of the Year.

Overview

Concept

The Scénic Vision concept car was presented on 19 May 2022. Initially finished in black, the Scénic Vision body colour was changed to white during the 2022 Paris Motor Show.

The concept car is based on the CMF-EV platform. It has a coach door with no B-pillar, which allows easy access to the passenger compartment, and it is designed with 70% recycled materials.

Inside, the Scenic Vision has a floor made from recycled milk bottles and pipes. The seats are made of polyester. According to Renault, all passenger contact surfaces are fully recycled. The cabin of the Scénic Vision has small adjustable screens offering shortcuts and features camera mirrors.

The Scénic Vision has a  electric motor placed on the rear axle. It is powered by a 40 kWh lithium-ion battery, recharged by a 15 kW hydrogen fuel cell that acts as a range extender. Its estimated range is about .

Production version 
The production model was released in September 2023. Powered by LG nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries, it is available in two versions.

The Standard range version uses a 60 kWh battery produces  and  of torque. It has a claimed range of  in the WLTP cycle. The High range version is powered by a  motor and  of torque, paired with a 87 kWh battery with an estimated range of over .

Other models
In December 2023, Mitsubishi Motors announced that it will launch an electric SUV based on the Scenic. The model will have a different design and will be manufactured alongside it in the same factory.

Safety

Awards 
The Renault Scenic E-Tech won the award for European Car of the Year 2024.

References

External links
 Press release

Scenic E-Tech
Cars introduced in 2023
Compact sport utility vehicles
Crossover sport utility vehicles
Production electric cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Electric concept cars
Gearbox (disambiguation). A gearbox is a component of a propulsion transmission providing multiple gear ratios.

Gearbox may also refer to:

 Gear train, a component of a transmission
 Gearbox Software, a video game company
 Gearbox Records, a recording company
 Operation Gearbox, a World War II military operation in 1942
 Operation Gearbox II, a World War II military operation, 1942–1943
John W. Ames (colonel). John Worthington Ames (1833-1878) was an American Brevet Brigadier General and engineer who participated in the American Civil War. He commanded the 6th United States Colored Infantry Regiment throughout the war, previously being within the 11th Infantry Regiment.

Early years
John was born on November 23, 1833, at Lowell, Massachusetts. He spent his early career attending schools at Cambridge, Massachusetts, beginning with the Hopkins School before entering the Scientific School of Harvard University and graduating in September 1854. He then travelled to Shanghai, China in December 1854 before becoming a civil engineer at Allen's Grove, Wisconsin on May 14, 1857. In 1859, he became a land surveyor at Bloomington, Illinois under the firm of Haven & Ames. He then spent eight months at Texas as an engineer on the Buffalo, Bayou, Brazos & Colorado River Railroad.

American Civil War
On the outbreak of the American Civil War, Ames became a captain in the 11th Infantry Regiment on May 14, 1861. Ames was brevetted to Major for "gallantry in action" during the Battle of Gaines' Mill. On September 28, 1863, Ames accepted a commission to be given command of the 6th United States Colored Infantry Regiment as a colonel of the regiment. Ames was wounded during the Battle of Chaffin's Farm while commanding the Third Brigade of the Second Division of the XVIII Corps. On January 15, 1865, he was brevetted to Brigadier General for his services throughout the war. After the end of the war, Ames was mustered out on September 20, 1865, at Wilmington, North Carolina.

Ames said of his reason for fighting the war:

Later years
Ames married Margaret Corlis Plumly on May 17, 1865, before becoming employed at the Burlington & Missouri Railroad in Iowa as Ames moved to Burlington, Iowa, before moving to San Francisco to become a Surveyor-general. Ames was also an author of various magazines and newspapers, mostly about his service during the American Civil War. Ames died on April 6, 1878, at San Rafael, California and was buried at Mount Tamalpais Cemetery.

See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)

References

1833 births
1878 deaths
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Union army colonels
Union army generals
Military personnel from Lowell, Massachusetts
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
19th-century American engineers
Kosta Alkovic. Kostantin "Kosta" Alković (Serbian Cyrillic: Коста Алковић; Zemun, Austrian Empire, 14 September 1834 – Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 2 May 1909) was a physicist, professor of physics and mechanics from 1863 to 1892 at the Belgrade College, state advisor and minister of construction. He was also a member of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences

Biography 
Kosta Alković was born in Zemun, then part of the Austrian Empire, on 14 September 1834. After graduating from the Belgrade Lyceum, he received a state scholarship to pursue further studies at the Vienna Polytechnic Institute. He graduated in 1859 with a degree in mathematics, physics, mechanics and practical geometry from the Vienna Polytechnic. He was professor of physics and mechanics at the Lyceum and the Grande école (from 1862 deputy, and professor from 26 September 1863 to 1893); dean of the Technical Department of the Grande école (1868); rector of the Grande école (1885/1886 and 1891/92); regular member of the Serbian Academic Society; honorary member of the Serbian Royal Academy (1892); Minister of Construction of Serbia (from 9 August 1891 to 8 March 1893); and Deputy Minister of Education and Church Affairs (from 26 December 1892 to 4 January 1893).

Career 
Kosta Alković did not write textbooks or scientific papers, but he still followed scientific and technical achievements and tried to improve the physical cabinet with useful literature, including travel writing.

After returning from his studies abroad in Serbia in 1862, he was appointed deputy of the vacant chair of physics at the Belgrade Lyceum, and in 1863 he was appointed one of the ten professors of physics at the Belgrade Grande école which became the University of Belgrade. In addition to physics, he taught mechanics, and from the same year he also taught elements of meteorology and physical geography at the Military Academy. During his work, he was also the director of the physical cabinet. He celebrated a rare jubilee in 1887 - the 25th anniversary of his professorship at the Grande école. From 1863 to 1892 he was a professor of physics at the Belgrade's Grande école. From 1893, his work was continued by his students and colleagues Djordje Stanojevic and Milan Nedeljković. As the Minister of Construction from August 21, 1892, to March 20, 1893, in the government of Jovan Avakumović, he was awarded the Order of Saint Sava. He later served as an adviser to the Serbian government. He was highly decorated for his participation in the Serbian-Turkish wars of 1876-1878. In February 1870, he became a regular member of the Serbian Academic Society, and served as secretary of the Committee for Natural and Mathematical Sciences 1879/1880. In November 1892, he became an honorary member of the Serbian Royal Academy.

Konstantin Kosta Alković died on 2 May 1909 (Julian Calendar) in Belgrade.

References 

1834 births
1909 deaths
Scientists from the Austrian Empire
19th-century politicians
TU Wien alumni
19th-century Austrian physicists
Academic staff of the University of Belgrade
Government ministers of Serbia
Serbian physicists
People from Zemun