omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chemical Agent Detector Paper. Chemical Agent Detector Paper is a type of paper used for detecting the presence of chemical agents, including nerve agents, mustard agents, and blister agents. The paper typically change color in the presence of a chemical agent. The U.S. Military and first responders typically use the paper.

M8 Detector Paper 

M8 Detector Paper is used to detect the presence of V and G type nerve agents and H type blister agents. It works by detecting chemical agents from a liquid splash. Each sheet of paper has three separate detection dyes. The yellow color appears when exposed to G nerve agents, the dark green color appears when exposed to V nerve agents, and the red color appears when exposed to H blister agents. The M8 detector paper does not detect agents in the form of aerosols or vapors.

The M8 was a Canadian invention, being first standardized in 1963. By 1964 it entered US service as part of the M15A2 Chemical Agent Detector Kit, with about 67,000 of these kits being produced from 1965-1969, with most other NATO nations also purchasing the M8.

M9 Detector Tape 

M9 Detector Tape or paper is used to detect the presence of nerve (V- and G- types) and mustard (H, HD, HN, and HT) agents. It cannot identify what particular agent it is being exposed to. The tape is typically a dull cream color when not exposed to chemical agents, but will turn red in the presence of chemical agents. The tape is made from Mylar, which is the sticky backing, and a red agent detection dye. The detector tape does have false positives, which can be caused by antifreeze, petroleum-based products, and liquid insecticide.

The M9 was adopted by the US Army in 1980, although prior testing showed the dye used in the tape was mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic. Adoption nonetheless proceeded and the Army was able to find a replacement dye that was not mutagenic.

Chemical Detection Kit 
The M256/M256A1 Chemical Detection Kits include not only M8 Detector Paper for detecting the presence of toxins, but also enzyme-based "tickets" for identifying which agent is present. The M18 kit includes M8 sheets, "tickets", and test tubes loaded with colorimetric reagents for measuring the concentration of toxins.

References 

Safety equipment
Chemical warfare
United States Marine Corps equipment
Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
ETAP 48Ds. The ETAP 48Ds is a Belgian sailboat that was designed by Marc-Oliver von Ahlen, with the interior designed by Stile Bertone, as a cruiser and first built in 2009.

The design was originally marketed by the manufacturer as the ETAP 46Ds.

Production
The design has built by ETAP Yachting in Belgium since 2009. It remained advertised as still in production in 2021.

Design
The ETAP 48Ds is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre. The construction is of a polyester glassfibre and closed-cell polyurethane foam sandwich, which provides buoyancy and makes the boat unsinkable. It has a fractional sloop rig, a raked stem, a reverse transom an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel or shoal draft tandem keels. The fin keel version displaces  and carries  of ballast, while the tandem keel version displaces  and carries  of ballast.

The boat has a draft of  with the standard keel and  with the optional shoal draft tandem keels.

The boat is fitted with a Japanese Yanmar 4JH4-TCE  diesel engine for docking and manoeuvring. The fuel tank holds  and the fresh water tank has a capacity of .

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double berth in the bow cabin and another in the aft cabin. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is L-shaped and is equipped with a two-burner stove, a refrigerator and double sinks. There are two heads, one just aft of the bow cabin on the starboard side and one on the port side forward of the aft cabin. The main salon has a U-shaped settee around a table and a second table opposite.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with an gennaker of .

The design has a hull speed of .

Operational history
The boat was at one time supported by a class club, the ETAP Owners Association.

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

External links

Keelboats
2000s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Marc-Oliver von Ahlen
Sailboat types built by ETAP Yachting
Andreas Stefik. Andreas Stefik is a professor of computer science at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and the creator of Quorum, a computer programming language created with features that improve access for people with visually impairments. Stefik conducts research in the areas of software engineering, accessibility, and computer science education. He is an advocate for increasing access to computer science in K–12 education.

Education 
Stefik began his education pursuing a bachelor's degree in music at Central Washington University, but graduated with a Bachelor's in Mathematics as well as Music.  Stefik went on to receive his Master's Degree and PhD in Computer Science from Washington State University

Career and research 
As a computer science graduate student, Stefik became interested in the resources available for those who are blind or have low vision that wanted to pursue a degree in computer science.  He found there was no language currently available accessible to the blind and visually impaired, and decided to create his own. The work began as a project called Sodbeans, and over the course of ten years he developed the language Quorum with his wife, which is also auditory and therefore more accessible to people with visual impairments. In 2016, Stefik received the White House Champion of Change award for Computer Science Education for his efforts.

Stefik has also created a model for computer science education for blind or visually impaired students that as of 2016 has been deployed in almost 20 schools.

Through Stefik's research and works, he has received many grants.  Most notably, he received grants from the National Science Foundation to help build Quorum.

Notable work 

 An Empirical Investigation into Programming Language Syntax
 How do API documentation and static typing affect API usability?
 An empirical study on the impact of static typing on software maintainability

Awards 
 Java Innovation Award, Oracle Corporation, 2011
 White House Champion of Change for Computer Science Education, 2016
 Code.org Champions of Computer Science, 2018

References

External links
 The Quorum Programming Language
 Why Aren’t Computer Programming Languages Designed Better? (Fast Company, January 3, 2012)

American computer scientists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas faculty
Central Washington University alumni
Washington State University alumni
Dorothy Ruíz Martínez. Dorothy Ruíz-Martínez is a Mexican-American aerospace engineer who works for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

Biography
She was born in Texas, and was raised by her grandparents in Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, until she moved to the United States at age 16. During her childhood, she witnessed the tragedy of the Space Shuttle Challenger on television; this event fueled her curiosity about rockets and aerospace engineering.

Education
She went to high school in the state of Texas, attended the University of Oklahoma, and transferred to Texas A & M University in College Station, Texas, graduating with a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering.

NASA
In 1998, she interned via the Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars program at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia.

After graduating from college, she became an instructor for the GNC & Control Propulsion systems of the Space Shuttle, training flight controllers and astronauts  She later worked 12 shuttle missions as a Real-Time Planning Engineer (RPE)  contributing along with other engineers and scientist to the final assembly of the International Space Station.

In 2008, she worked in Moscow and at the Russian Mission Control Center as the planning liaison between NASA and the Russian Space Agency. Since March 2013, she worked as a Ground Controller in Mission Control Center, a flight controller position known by the call sign of Houston-GC. The Houston-GC manages the ground communication systems and interfaces between the space vehicles and the earth. Four years later, she became a GC Instructor, and then the GC Training Lead for the Ground Control group. She currently works in the Mission Control Center Systems branch, helping oversee the management and maintenance of the ground systems that support space flight operations.

Other projects
She volunteered for the Engineers Without Borders, Johnson Space Center Chapter.

Acknowledgments
Her story was included in the book Stories for Rebel Girls (Editorial Planeta) in 2021.

References

20th-century births
NASA people
American aerospace engineers
Texas A&M University alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
Mexican women engineers
Mexican engineers
American women engineers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
Japanese destroyer Hamakaze (1916). Hamakaze (浜風, Beach Wind) was one of four  destroyers, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the late 1910s. The ship served in the very final stages of World War I. She was retired on 1 April 1935

Design and description 
The Isokaze-class destroyers were designed as part of the first phase of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Hachi-hachi Kantai, or "Eight-Eight Fleet" program. As the high speed battleships  and  were commissioned in line with the program, escort vessels with equally high speed and blue ocean capabilities were required. The Hamakaze was a slightly larger and updated version of the previous Umikaze class of destroyers. Externally, the design went to a three smokestack profile, with a curved, rather than straight bow.

Internally, the Hamakaze used 3 Parsons steam turbine engines. Advances in turbine design and construction permitted more reliable operation than previously with the previous Umikaze class. The rated power of 27,000 shp (20,000 kW) gave the vessels a high speed of 34 knots (63 km/h), and a range of 3,360 nautical miles (6,220 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h); however, the engines could not be run continuously at over 7,000 shp (5,200 kW), which still considerably limited performance.

Armament was increased over the previous classes of destroyers, with four QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV, pedestal-mounted along the centerline of the vessel, two in front of the smokestacks and two to the stern. The number of torpedoes was increased to three launchers, each with a pair of 533 mm torpedoes. Anti-aircraft protection was provided by four machine guns.

Construction and career 
The Hamakaze was laid down at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Shipyards in Nagasaki, Japan on April 1, 1916, launched on October 30, 1916, and completed on March 28, 1917. Following its service in the final stages of World War I, the ship continued to serve within the IJN for 17 years along with its sister ships the Isokaze, Amatsuzake, and Tokitsukaze. all four were retired on April 1, 1935. She was retired on 1 April 1935

References 

Isokaze-class destroyers
1916 ships
Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Japanese destroyer Tokitsukaze (1916). Tokitsukaze (時津風, Favorable Wind) was one of four s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I.

Design and description
The Isokaze-class destroyers were enlarged and improved versions of the preceding . They displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of  and an overall length of , a beam of  and a draft of . Tokitsukaze was powered by three Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft using steam produced by five Kampon water-tube boilers. Two boilers burned a mixture of coal and fuel oil while the other three only used oil. The engines produced a total of  that gave the ships a maximum speed of . They carried a maximum of  of coal and  of oil which gave them a range of  at a speed of . Their crew consisted of 92 officers and ratings.

The main armament of the Isokaze-class ships consisted of four quick-firing (QF)  gun on single mounts. One gun was located on the bow, another between the forward pair of funnels, and the last two fore and aft of the rear superstructure. The destroyers' torpedo armament consisted of three twin rotating mounts for  torpedoes. One mount was positioned between the forward funnel and the forecastle while the other pair were between the aft guns and the rear funnel.

Construction and career 
Tokitsukaze was built at Kawasaki's shipyard in Kobe. The ship was launched on 27 December 1916 and completed on 31 May 1917. She ran aground in heavy rain near Aoshima Island in Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, on 25 March 1918. The ship broke in half, but her equipment and weapons were salvaged. A replacement hull was begun at Maizuru Naval Arsenal on 2 December 1918, and she later reentered service with her machinery and weapons installed in the new hull. Decommissioned on 1 April 1935, she was hulked and renamed Haikan No. 20 as a training ship at the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy at Etajima in 1940. The ship survived World War II, but sank in a typhoon shortly after the war ended.

References

Bibliography

 

Isokaze-class destroyers
1917 ships
Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Maritime incidents in 1918
Shipwrecks of Japan
World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea
Taoyuan Water Conservancy Composite Tower. The Taoyuan Water Conservancy Composite Tower () is a 23-storey,  skyscraper office building completed in 1997 and located in Taoyuan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan. The building serves as the Taoyuan branch of the Water Resources Agency, which will soon move to a new building in Qingpu Special District after its completion in 2021. As of April 2021, it is the fifth tallest building in the city, tied with ChungYuet Global Business Building.

See also 
 List of tallest buildings in Taiwan
 List of tallest buildings in Taoyuan City
 Water Resources Agency
 ChungYuet Global Business Building

References

1997 establishments in Taiwan
Skyscrapers in Taoyuan
Skyscraper office buildings in Taiwan
Office buildings completed in 1997
Charles Greenfield. Charles Greenfield ( – 1979) was an American engineer and hospital administrator. Trained as an engineer in New York City, Greenfield later became the first administrator of the Shore Road Hospital. Earlier he "helped design and build the Coney Island boardwalk."

Career
Greenfield was a civil engineer with degrees from Cooper Union (1908)
and Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (1912). Although he used this knowledge in the design and building of the Coney Island Boardwalk and "the first road between Little Neck and Great Neck, L.I." he is best known for converting a mansion in Brooklyn into Shore Road Hospital and then directing it for 43 years.

Prior to dying at age 94, he was the only living alumnus of his "Cooper" and "Poly" graduating classes.

Family
When he died at age 94 on April 12, 1979, his living family members included his wife, two daughters, "three grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.

References

1880s births
1979 deaths
Cooper Union alumni
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
Japanese destroyer Tanikaze (1918). Tanikaze (谷風, Valley Wind) was the second and last of the s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I.

Design and description
The Kawakaze-class destroyers were enlarged and faster versions of the preceding  with a more powerful armament. They displaced  at normal load and  at deep load. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of  and a overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . Tanikaze was powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft using steam produced by four Type Ro Kampon water-tube boilers. The engines produced a total of  that gave the ships a maximum speed of . They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at a speed of . Their crew consisted of 128 officers and ratings.

The main armament of the Kawakaze-class ships consisted of three quick-firing (QF)  guns; one gun each was located at the bow and stern with the third gun positioned abaft the bridge on the forecastle deck. Their torpedo armament consisted of three twin rotating mounts for  torpedoes; two mounts were located between the stern gun and the funnels while the third mount was placed between the forward funnel and the forecastle. The ships were later rearmed with two triple-tube mounts in lieu of their twin mounts.

Construction and career
Tanikaze was launched on 20 July 1918 at the Maizuru Naval Arsenal and completed on 30 January 1919. She was decommissioned on 1 April 1934 and hulked as Haikan No. 19. The ship served as a training ship for Kaiten manned torpedoes in 1944. The vessel was subsequently scuttled as a breakwater at Kure before it was later broken up.

References

Bibliography

1918 ships
Ships built by Maizuru Naval Arsenal
Kawakaze-class destroyers
Japanese destroyer Nashi (1919). The Japanese destroyer {{nihongo|Nashi|梨|}} was one of 21 s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was decommissioned in 1940 and subsequently scrapped.

Design and description
The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding  second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of  and were  between perpendiculars. They had a beam of , and a mean draft of . The Momi-class ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. Nashi was powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce  to give the ships a speed of . The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil which gave them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.

The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three  Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of  torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the bow gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.

Construction and career
Nashi, built at the Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe, Japan, was launched on August 26, 1919, and completed on December 10, 1919. She was stricken from the Navy List on February 1, 1940, and subsequently broken up for scrap at an unknown date.

Notes

References

1919 ships
Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Momi-class destroyers
Japanese destroyer Take (1919). The Japanese destroyer {{nihongo|Take|竹|}} was one of 21 s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was decommissioned in 1940 before being recommissioned as a training ship. She was finally scuttled as a breakwater at the Port of Akita on the Sea of Japan coast of Honshu, Japan, in 1948.

Design and description
The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding  second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of  and were  between perpendiculars. They had a beam of , and a mean draft of . The Momi-class ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. Take was powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce  to give the ships a speed of . The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil which gave them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.

The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three  Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of  torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the bow gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.

Construction and career
Take, built at the Kawasaki Shipyards in Kobe, Japan, was launched on 26 August 1919 and completed on 25 December 1919. She was stricken from the Navy List on 1 February 1940 before being recommissioned as a training ship. she was finally scuttled as a breakwater at the Port of Akita on the Sea of Japan coast of Honshu, Japan, in 1948.

Notes

References

1919 ships
Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Momi-class destroyers
Maritime incidents in 1948
Shipwrecks of Japan
Shipwrecks in the Sea of Japan
Scuttled vessels
Japanese destroyer Kaki (1919). The Japanese destroyer {{nihongo|Kaki|柿|}} was one of 21 s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was converted to a training ship and survived the Pacific War as an auxiliary ship and was subsequently scrapped in 1948.

Design and description
The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding  second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of  and were  between perpendiculars. They had a beam of , and a mean draft of . The Momi-class ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. Kaki was powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce  to give the ships a speed of . The ships carried a maximum of  of fuel oil which gave them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.

The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three  Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of  torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the bow gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.

Construction and career
Kaki, built at the Uraga Dock Company in Uraga, Japan, was launched on October 20, 1919, and completed on August 2, 1920. She was decommissioned on April 1, 1940, before being converted to a training ship. The ship was then re-converted to a auxiliary ship and was renamed Ōsu (大須). She served in that capacity throughout the Pacific War before being finally scrapped in 1948.

Notes

References

1919 ships
Ships built by Uraga Dock Company
Momi-class destroyers