omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Chromatofocusing. Chromatofocusing is a protein-separation technique that allows resolution of single proteins and other ampholytes from a complex mixture according to differences in their isoelectric point. Chromatofocusing uses ion exchange resins and is typically performed on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) or similar equipment capable of producing continuous buffer gradients, though this is not a requirement. 
In contrast to typical ion exchange chromatography, where bound molecules are eluted from the resin by increasing the ionic strength of the buffer environment, chromatofocusing elutes bound species by altering the pH of the buffer. This changes the net surface charge of bound molecules, altering their avidity for the resin. As the changing pH of the buffer system traverses the pI of a given molecule, that molecule will elute from the resin as it will no longer possess a net surface charge (a requisite for molecular binding to ion exchange resins). 
Chromatofocusing is a powerful purification technique with respect to proteins as it can resolve very similar species differing by less than 0.05 pH units that may not separate well, or at all, using traditional ion exchange strategies.
A major drawback to this technique is that some proteins will aggregate when they are present at relatively high concentrations and carry no net surface charge. This can cause blockage of the resin, which is highly problematic when using sealed columns of ion exchange resin on FPLC equipment, resulting in pressure buildup and possible equipment failure. Apparent aggregation issues can sometimes be overcome by limiting the sample concentration and use of buffer additives that deter aggregate formation.

References

Chromatography
Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy. The Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to an individual or group determined to have made the most impact on space activities over the past year. It is named after Robert Goddard, the father of modern rocketry. It is the primary award of the National Space Club presented during the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Dinner in Washington, D.C.

List of award winners

References

External links
National Space Club

Science and technology awards
Message of the day. Many computer systems display a message of the day or welcome message when a user first connects to them, logs in to them, or starts them. It is a way of sending a common message to all users, and may include information about system changes, system availability, and so on. More recently, systems have displayed personalized messages of the day.

On many time-sharing systems, the contents of the message of the day are fetched from a system file:

 Compatible Time-Sharing System;
 Multics: the motd info segment;
 TOPS-10
 Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS)
 Unix-like systems: the /etc/motd file
 Univac VS/9
 CP/CMS

Usage 
The contents of the special file are displayed after the user logs in successfully, typically before the login shell is started.

Newer Unix-like systems may generate the message dynamically when the host boots or a user logs in.

Various server-based PC games display messages of the day, including Half-Life, Call of Duty, Minecraft, and Battlefield. They may be personalized, encouraging users to try new features or make in-game purchases.

Some IRC servers also display a message of the day on login.

See also 
 System console
 fortune (Unix)

References 

Unix
National Space Club. The National Space Club is a non-profit corporation in the US which contains representatives of industry, government, educational institutions and private individuals in order to enhance the exchange of information on astronautics, and to relay this information to the public. It provides scholarships and internships to students, and encourages educational space based activities. The Club promotes space leadership by the United States, the advancement of space technology, and recognizes and honors people who have contributed significantly to the fields of rocketry and astronautics. The Club fulfills these objectives with scholarships, grants, internships, luncheons, the Goddard Memorial Dinner, and newsletters.

Origin 
The National Space Club (originally organized as the National Rocket Club) was founded on October 4, 1957, as a club to stimulate the exchange of ideas and information about rocketry and astronautics, and to promote the recognition of United States achievements in space.

Awards 
The Goddard Memorial Dinner is the annual awards banquet honoring the late Dr. Robert H. Goddard. During the night, ten awards and one scholarship are presented. The awards include:

 Robert H. Goddard Trophy
 Dr. Joseph Charyk Award
 NOAA David Johnson Award
 Olin E. Teague Memorial Award
 Space Educator Award
 Astronautics Engineer Award
 Nelson P. Jackson Award
 Press Award
 Eagle Manned Mission Award
 General Bernard Schriever Award

Scholarship

The National Space Club offers a major scholarship each year to encourage study in the field of engineering and science. The scholarship, in the amount of $10,000, is awarded to a U.S. citizen in at least the junior year of an accredited university, who, in the judgment of the award committee, shows the greatest interest and aptitude.

The National Space Club cooperates in the sponsorship of a number of summer internships at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and its Wallops Flight Facility. The National Space Clubs Scholars Program is open to graduating high school sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have demonstrated an interest and ability in space technologies.

References

External links 
 National Space Club

Non-profit organizations based in the United States
Space advocacy organizations
Internet application management. Internet application management is a term used in the Web Hosting industry to describe services which address scalability and performance issues often arising at the system level during application deployments. Starting in 2009, the DevOps movement began to publicize the importance of cross-departmental integration between development and IT operations and the relational effects non-collaboration has on the various stages of business production.

Overview
Internet application management services address this “grey area” by evaluating performance using standard web application metrics such as page load times, concurrency capability, and slow queries as a starting point. These optimizations and tuning of a web application can be achieved through first creating benchmarks using tools such as Apachebench or J-Meter through load simulation. The output of load testing runs can then be used to identify file system and application performance improvements to be made not only at the application level, but at the operating system level - something often overlooked in the development process.

Another essential component of internet application management is the ongoing optimizations made to improve subsequent iterative application deployments, in addition to the in-depth monitoring of critical services and overall application performance.

See also
 Clustered web hosting
 Web Hosting Magazine

References

Web hosting
JNR Class ED76. The  is a Bo-2-Bo wheel arrangement AC electric locomotive type operated on passenger and freight services in Japan since 1965, originally by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and later by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) and Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight). , just 10 locomotives remained in service, all operated by JR Freight.

Variants
 ED76-0
 ED76-500
 ED76-1000

ED76-0
94 class ED76-0 locomotives were built from 1965 to 1976 and numbered ED76 1 to ED76 94.

, the remaining fleet consists of two locomotives, ED76 81 and ED76 83, operated by JR Freight.

ED76-500
22 class ED76-500 locomotives were built from 1968 for use in Hokkaido, numbered ED76 501 to ED76 522. These locomotives included larger water and fuel tanks for the train heating steam generator and had accordingly longer bodies. They were intended to be used in pairs, and featured cab gangway doors.

ED76 514 was modified for used in the Seikan Tunnel and renumbered ED76 551.

All ED76-500s except for the unique ED76 551 were withdrawn by 1994. ED76 551 was withdrawn in 2001.

ED76-1000
23 class ED76-1000 locomotives were built from 1970 to 1979 for express freight use and numbered ED76 1001 to ED76 1023.

, the remaining fleet consists of eight locomotives, operated by JR Freight.

Preserved examples
The following examples have been preserved.
 ED76 1: Kyushu Railway Heritage Museum, (cab end only, previously stored inside JR Kyushu Kokura Works, Kitakyushu)
 ED76 91: Hita Tenryosui no Sato, Hita, Oita
 ED76 505: Mikasa Railway Village, Mikasa, Hokkaido
 ED76 509: Otaru Transport Museum, Otaru, Hokkaido
 ED76 1006: JR Freight Moji Depot (stored for training purposes)

Classification

The ED76 classification for this locomotive type is explained below.
 E: Electric locomotive
 D: Four driving axles
 7x: AC locomotive with maximum speed exceeding

References

20 kV AC locomotives
Electric locomotives of Japan
1067 mm gauge locomotives of Japan
Railway locomotives introduced in 1965
Toshiba locomotives
Hitachi locomotives
Mitsubishi locomotives
Kyushu Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company
B-2-B locomotives
Aerosport. Aerosport may refer to:

 Aerosport Inc, company founded in 1971 to market aircraft for homebuilding
 Aerosport (air show), air show created in 1993 in Igualada, Spain
 Aerosport OY, an Estonian aircraft manufacturer, based in Keila
 Aerosport Quail
 Aerosport Rail
 Aerosport Scamp
 Aerosport Woody Pusher
Aerosport (air show). Aerosport is an air show that takes place at the Igualada-Òdena aerodrome (Barcelona Province in Spain) every year since 1993. It is the only Spanish air show fully dedicated to corporate and sport aircraft. 

The show includes displays, demonstrations and flights of ultralight aircraft, autogyros, gliders, acrobatic aircraft, paramotors, helicopters, amateur aircraft, aeronautical accessories, flight training schools, clubs and a secondhand market. The show includes technical conferences regarding topics such as cartography and air space, aircraft engines, insurances and the history or aircraft.

History 
The first edition of Aerosport took place in 1993. The third edition in 1995, gathered 40 exhibitors, mainly from Catalonia and the rest of Spain, but also from France, Italy or Belgium. It included demonstrations of hang gliding, paragliding, paramotors, ultralight aircraft, parachuting, gliding, helicopters, firefighting and an acrobatic show. For several years the show was one of the components of the "Igualada Air Week" together with the European Balloon Festival, the largest hot air balloon festival in Spain, that takes place in July. 

Aerosport was modified in 2008 and was adapted to the requirements of the business visitors, placing more emphasis on professional activities and less in entertainment, converting it into a professional show. The show was moved to the months of April or May, and included high-level conferences, demonstrations and flight simulations. Some entertainment activities were moved to the month of July.

In 2010, 51% of the exhibitors came from Catalonia, 41% from the rest of Spain, and 8% from the rest of the world.

Awards 
In 2007 Aerosport received the "Flyer Award", in the category of 'Best development and divulgation of the aeronautic industry', in recognition for being a unique event in Spain, with the highest repetition rate among participants, more than 4000 first flights, and a school for young pilots.

Images

References

External links 

 Official site of Aerosport 

Trade fairs in Spain
Air shows
Air sports in Spain
Igualada
Recurring events established in 1993
Spring (season) events in Spain
1993 establishments in Spain
University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) in Minneapolis, Minnesota is a core research facility of the University of Minnesota that provides hardware and software resources, as well as technical user support, to faculty and researchers at the university and at other institutions of higher education in Minnesota. MSI is located in Walter Library, on the university's Twin Cities campus.

History 

In 1981, the University of Minnesota became the first U.S. university to acquire a supercomputer, a Cray-1. The Minnesota Supercomputing Institute was created in 1984 to provide high-performance computing resources to the University of Minnesota's research community. MSI currently has one HPC cluster, Agate, available for use.

MSI is part of Research Computing in the Research and Innovation Office. Research Computing is an umbrella organization that comprises the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, U-Spatial, the Data Science Initiative, and the International Institute for Biosensing.

Memberships 
MSI is a member of the Coalition for Academic Scientific Computation, the Minnesota High Tech Association, the Great Lakes Consortium, and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE).

Supercomputing capabilities

HPC resources 

Agate - HPE cluster with HPE and AMD CPU nodes and NVidia GPU nodes

References 
 Moore, Rick. "Blade Runner : UMNews." University of Minnesota. Web. 29 July 2010. http://www1.umn.edu/news/features/2009/UR_CONTENT_148391.html
 Vance, Ashlee. "Minnesota’s Enormous Apples Computer - Bits Blog - NYTimes.com." Technology - Bits Blog - NYTimes.com. Web. 29 July 2010. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/10/minnesotas-enormous-apples-computer/?smid=pl-share

University of Minnesota
Supercomputers
University and college laboratories in the United States
Computer science institutes in the United States
Research institutes in Minnesota
Mandala Airlines Flight 660. Mandala Airlines Flight 660 was a scheduled passenger flight on 24 July 1992 which crashed in Indonesia into a mountain on Ambon Island as it attempted to land at Pattimura Airport in poor weather conditions.

On approach to Pattimura, the aircraft struck the slope of Mt. Lalaboy about 14 km southwest of Runway 04 while trying to land in heavy rain, at around 16:30 local time. The aircraft disintegrated on impact and there were no survivors.

The cause was attributed to pilot error after the aircraft was approaching at an insufficient altitude, possibly caused by windshears. It was possible that the pilots were following instruments that may have given false readings or had malfunctioned.

Aircraft 
The aircraft was a Vickers Viscount 816 serial number 434, which first flew on 8 June 1959. It was delivered on 17 June 1959 to Trans Australia Airlines as VH-TVQ and named McDouall Stuart which operate until 1970. It later leased to Far Eastern Air Transport and Merpati Nusantara Airlines. By 1987, it had been bought by Mandala Airlines and was registered PK-RVU and name Nias.

References

External links 
 

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1992
Aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by microbursts
Accidents and incidents involving the Vickers Viscount
660
1992 in Indonesia
1992 meteorology
July 1992 events in Asia
Struve Railroad Bridge. The Struve Railroad Bridge (), was the first all-metal railroad bridge over the Dnieper that existed from 1855 to 1920 in Kyiv. The bridge was one of the longest in the empire, yielding in length only to the bridges in Syzran and Yekaterinoslav.

History
It was the second stationary bridge over Dnieper with the construction supervision conducted personally by Amand Struve. This railroad truss bridge was initially named after its constructor, engineer Struve. Standing on 13 piers, it consisted of dozen 292-feet-long sections resulting in size of some 480 sazhens (1440 fathoms). During the construction Struve first in the Russian Empire used caisson method to lay the foundation. For its construction was used 243 pood of iron (3,000 tonnes). Each of the sections were tested to hold 18,000 pood. The total cost of the project round-up to be 3,200 thousands rubles. For the construction of the bridge Captain Struve was promoted to colonel. During this period of time (1860s-1870s) Struve was involved in various other construction projects as well, such as the installation and improvement of the city's utilities network.

On February 17, 1870 the first train by the Kyiv-Kursk Railways company crossed the bridge to the Kyiv railroad station. However the constant traffic was officially opened on April 4, 1870 after the consecration of the bridge. Similarly to the Nicholas Chain Bridge, the Struve Bridge survived the Great and Civil wars and was blown up in 1920 by the retreating Polish troops (see: Kiev offensive).

Today next to the former Struve's bridge stands the newly built Darnytsia Railroad Bridge.

See also
 Bridges in Kyiv

Bibliography
Rybakov, M.O. Unknown and not-well-known pages of the Kiev's history. "Kyi". Kiev, 1997.
Anisimov, A. Sad ignorance. "Tabachuk Ltd." Kiev, 1992.

External links 

 Bridge profile at wek.kiev.ua
 Struve's biography in Mirror Weekly

Demolished bridges in Ukraine
Railroad bridges in Kyiv
Bridges completed in 1870
Demolished buildings and structures in Kyiv
Former railway bridges in Ukraine
Southwestern Railways
1870 establishments in Ukraine
Danskin Power Plant. The Danskin Power Plant is a gas-fired power plant owned and operated by Idaho Power.  The plant is housed in the Evander Andrews Complex near Mountain Home, Idaho, United States.

The 261-megawatt plant consists of one 171-MW simple cycle combustion turbine, which came online in May 2008.

The first generating units on the site were two Westinghouse W251 simple cycle turbines which were commissioned .

External links

Buildings and structures in Elmore County, Idaho
Natural gas-fired power stations in Idaho
Energy infrastructure completed in 2008
2008 establishments in Idaho
Idaho Power
Redundant array of independent memory. A redundant array of independent memory (RAIM) is a design feature found in certain computers' main random access memory. RAIM utilizes additional memory modules and striping algorithms to protect against the failure of any particular module and keep the memory system operating continuously. RAIM is similar in concept to a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), which protects against the failure of a disk drive, but in the case of memory it supports several DRAM device chipkills and entire memory channel failures. RAIM is much more robust than parity checking and ECC memory technologies which cannot protect against many varieties of memory failures.

On July 22, 2010, IBM introduced the first high end computer server featuring RAIM, the zEnterprise 196. Each z196 machine contains up to 3 TB (usable) of RAIM-protected main memory. In 2011 the business class model z114 was introduced also supporting RAIM. The formal announcement letter offered some additional information regarding the implementation:

See also 
 IBM mainframe

References

Computer memory
Error detection and correction
Fault-tolerant computer systems
Solid-state reaction route. The solid-state reaction route is the most widely used method for the preparation of polycrystalline solids from a mixture of solid starting materials. Solids do not react together at room temperature over normal time scales and it is necessary to heat them to much higher temperatures, often to 1000 to 1500 °C, in order for the reaction to occur at an appreciable rate. The factors on which the feasibility and rate of a solid state reaction depend include, reaction conditions, structural properties of the reactants, surface area of the solids, their reactivity and the thermodynamic free energy change associated with the reaction.

Outline of the experimental procedure

Reagents
These are the solid reactants from which it is proposed to prepare a solid crystalline compound. The selection of reactant chemicals depends on the reaction conditions and expected nature of the product. The reactants are dried thoroughly prior to weighing. As increase in  surface area enhances the reaction rate, fine grained materials should be used if possible.

Mixing
After the reactants have been weighed out in the required amounts, they are mixed. For manual mixing of small quantities, usually an agate mortar and pestle are employed. Sufficient amount of some volatile organic liquid – preferably acetone or alcohol – is added to the mixture to aid homogenization. This forms a paste which is mixed thoroughly. During the process of grinding and mixing, the organic liquid gradually volatilizes and has usually evaporated completely after 10 to 15 minutes. For quantities much larger than ~20g, mechanical mixing is usually adopted using a ball mill and the pro

Container material
For the subsequent reaction at high temperatures, it is necessary to choose a suitable container material which is chemically inert to the reactants under the heating conditions used. The noble metals, platinum and gold, are usually suitable. Containers may be crucibles or boats made from foil. For low temperature reactions, other metals like Nickel (below 600–700 °C) can be used.

Heat treatment
The heating programme to be used depends very much on the form and reactivity of the reactants. In the control of either temperature or atmosphere, nature of the reactant chemicals are considered in detail. A good furnace is used for heat treatment. Pelleting of samples is preferred prior to heating, since it increases the area of contact between the grains.

Analysis
The product materials are analyzed using various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc.

References

Chemical reactions
Chemical reaction engineering
Neotys. Neotys develops a software testing tool designed to improve the quality and performance of information systems. NeoLoad, is a automated performance testing platform for enterprise organizations continuously testing from APIs to applications designed by Neotys.

Neotys was purchased by Tricentis in 2021.

History 
Neotys was founded in 2005 by a group of software developers and IT project managers who recognized a demand for a software to test the performance of web applications before launch. Neotys has delivered software to more than 2000 clients in 70 countries, with exports accounting for more than 75% of the company's annual turnover.

In March 2021, the Austrian software testing company Tricentis purchased Neotys for an undisclosed amount. The two companies already had an existing partnership. At the time of the purchase, Neotys claimed 600 customers for its NeoLoad platform.

References

Software companies of France
Software companies established in 2005
French companies established in 2005
Software companies disestablished in 2021
French companies disestablished in 2021
2021 mergers and acquisitions