omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Arthur Porter (engineer). Arthur Porter (1910–2010) was a British-Canadian engineer and pioneer in computing and biomedical engineering.

Porter was born in Ulverston, England, on 8 December 1910, the son of John William Porter and Mary Anne Harris.

He studied at the University of Manchester where he gained undergraduate (BSc) honours in physics followed by an MSc. He went on to obtain his doctorate (PhD) at Manchester under the supervision of Douglas Hartree). His graduate work and doctoral thesis was on a differential analyser (early analog computer) constructed from Meccano parts.

He spent the period from 1937 to 1939 on a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This was followed by wartime research with the Admiralty Research Laboratory and the National Physical Laboratory. After the war, he was Professor of Instrument Technology at Royal Military College (1946–1949).

Porter then moved to Canada where he was Head of Research at Ferranti Ltd in Toronto from 1949 to 1955. He then returned to London to take up the post of Professor of Electrical Engineering at Imperial College London from 1955 to 1958. Following this, he was Dean at the University of Saskatchewan (1958–1961), followed by two periods as Professor of Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto (1961–1968 and 1973–1975). During his career, his colleagues included Douglas Hartree and Marshall McLuhan.

Porter was a member of Project Lamplight in the 1950s. Other posts he held included Chair of the Royal Commission on Government Organization (The Glassco Commission, 1960–1962), Academic Commissioner at the University of Western Ontario (1970–1972), Chair of the Science Committee of the Ontario Science Centre, Chair of the Canadian Environmental Council, and Chair of the Ontario Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning. He also chaired the science advisory committee for Expo 67, the World's Fair held in 1967 in Montreal.

Honours conferred on Porter include the Canadian Centennial Medal (1967) and the Order of Canada (1988). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1970. Porter became a US citizen in 1995. He was hospitalised following a stroke and died at Forsyth Memorial Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on 26 February 2010. Porter was inducted into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame in 2013.

Publications
Cybernetics Simplified (1969)
The Report of the Royal Commission on Electric Power Planning (1980, 9 vols.)
So Many Hills to Climb: My Journey from Cumbria to North Carolina (2004)

References

External links
Porter, Arthur 1910 - 2010 (Science Museum Group)
Oral History of Arthur Porter, 8 March 2008 (Computer History Museum)

1910 births
2010 deaths
20th-century British engineers
20th-century Canadian engineers
People from Ulverston
British emigrants to Canada
Academics of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Xi'an–Chongqing high speed railway. The Xi'an–Chongqing high speed railway is a planned railway line in China. It is  long and has a design speed of . It will be part of the Baotou (Yinchuan)–Hainan corridor.

History
Work on the  section between Xi'an and Ankang began on 29 June 2021. It is expected to be completed by June 2026. Construction on the remaining section between Ankang and Chongqing is expected to begin in the second half of 2022.

Stations

Main line

Branch line
The Branch line runs from Fankuai railway station in Xuanhan County, Sichuan Province to Wanzhou North railway station in Wanzhou District, Chongqing.

References

High-speed railway lines in China
High-speed railway lines under construction
Methylol urea. Methylol urea is the organic compound with the formula H2NC(O)NHCH2OH. It is a white, water-soluble solid that decomposes near 110 °C. 

Methylolurea is the product of the condensation reaction of formaldehyde and urea.  As such it is an intermediate in the formation of urea-formaldehyde resins as well as fertilizer compositions such as methylene diurea. It has also been investigated as a corrosion inhibitor.

References

Ureas
Vinaya Chakradeo. Vinaya Chakradeo is an Indian otolaryngologist and academic. Chakradeo obtained her medical degree from B J Medical College Pune in 2000. Her work mostly revolves around robotic approaches to ENT resolutions. Chakradeo is affiliated to Geisinger Medical Center Danville, Pennsylvania and Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Chakradeo founded ENT Foundation that extends better ENT services to rural patients in India.

Publications 

 Robotics in Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery 
 Vascular anatomy of anterolateral thigh flap 
 Navigational Surgery with Voice: Controlled Robotic Assist for Endoscopic Approach to the Pituitary
 The Voice-Controlled Robotic Assist Scope Holder AESOP for the Endoscopic Approach to the Sella

References 

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Indian otolaryngologists
Women otolaryngologists
21st-century Indian medical doctors
21st-century Indian women medical doctors
People from Pune
B. J. Medical College alumni
Suneet Sharma. Suneet Sharma is the 2nd Chairman & Chief Executive Officer, Railway Board, Indian Railways and the ex-officio Principal Secretary to the Government of India. Sharma is a Central Government Engineer of  IRSME cadre of the 1982 batch (SCRA of 1978 batch).

Career
He was the General Manager of the Eastern Railway from September 2019 to December 2020. Sharma was the general manager of the Modern Coach Factory, Raebareli. He was the also the divisional railway manager of Pune in Central Railway and Chief Mechanical Engineer of Banaras Locomotive Works.

Sharma is credited for introducing various administrative reforms in the Railways, including simplification of the procedure for establishing new benchmarks.

He is credited for increasing the services of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network.

Early life and education
Suneet Sharma is a graduate in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur. He had joined this institute as a Special Class Railway Apprentice when he was studying at  IIT Kanpur.

He received his professional training in Germany and France and also completed an advanced leadership and management course at Carnegie Mellon University.

References

Indian chairpersons of corporations
Living people
Indian Railways officers
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
1961 births
Principal secretaries to the prime minister of India
Place of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Chairpersons of the Railway Board
Petra Bonfert-Taylor. Petra Bonfert-Taylor is a German-born mathematician known for research in complex analysis and her work in web development for the International Mathematical Union (IMU) Committee for Women in Mathematics. She is a professor of engineering and Associate Dean of Diversity and  Inclusion at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Education, career, and recognition
Bonfert-Taylor was born, raised, and educated in Berlin, Germany. She received Bachelor's and Master's degrees in mathematics and computer science from Technische Universität Berlin and her PhD (summa cum laude) in mathematics from the same institution in 1996 under the supervision of Christian Pommerenke. She was on the faculty on Wesleyan University from 1999 to 2015. She joined the faculty of Dartmouth in 2015.

Bonfert-Taylor helped develop the website for the International Mathematical Union (IMU) and serves on IMU's Committee for Women in Mathematics, whose purpose is "to promote international contacts between national and regional organizations from women in mathematical sciences."

In 2018, Bonfert-Taylor was named the New Hampshire High Tech Council's Tech Teacher of the Year. In 2019, Bonfert-Taylor and Rémi Sharrock from Institut Mines-Télécom of France earned the edX Prize for Exceptional Contributions in Online Learning and Teaching for their Professional Certification program in C Programming with Linux.

Bonfert-Taylor was elected a fellow of the Association for Women in Mathematics in the Class of 2020 "for her work as a U.S. liaison and in web creation and management for the IMU's Committee on Women in Mathematics; for development and study of programs building inclusivity in STEM; and for becoming an example of broadening research interests, by adding research in medical imaging to work in complex analysis."

References

External links
 
 
Petra Bonfert-Taylor's Profile on MathSciNet

Living people
Fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics
21st-century German women mathematicians
Dartmouth College faculty
Thayer School of Engineering faculty
21st-century German mathematicians
Technische Universität Berlin alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lu'an–Anqing high-speed railway. The Lu'an–Anqing high-speed railway is a high-speed rail line in China. It will be  long and have a top speed of . Construction started on 30 December 2020.

Stations
Lu'an (connection with the Hefei–Wuhan railway and Nanjing–Xi'an railway)
Huoshan
Huangwei
Yuexi
Qianshan (formerly known as Qianshan South) 
Anqing West (connection with the Hefei–Anqing–Jiujiang high-speed railway)

References

High-speed railway lines in China
High-speed railway lines under construction
Honggang Wang. Honggang Wang is  a professor and founding department chair of Graduate Computer Science and Engineering at Yeshiva University. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2021 for contribution to low power wireless for IoT and multimedia applications.

Biography
He received a Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 2009. Honggang Wang is an alumnus of the NAE Frontiers of Engineering program and has supervised the graduation of over 30 graduate students. He has written articles in the fields of AI and Internet of things, mobile networks, multimedia and cyber security, smart and connected health, and multimedia communications. He has won several best paper awards throughout his career.

Wang is an IEEE distinguished lecturer and a Fellow of IEEE and AAIA (Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association). He served as editor in chief (2020–2022) of IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoT-J). He is past chair of the IEEE Multimedia Communications Technical Committee (2018–2020) and the IEEE eHealth Technical Committee Chair (2020–2021).

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Yeshiva University faculty
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth faculty
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
Fellows of the IEEE
Mixed-valence complex. Mixed valence complexes contain an element which is present in more than one oxidation state.  Well-known mixed valence compounds include the Creutz–Taube complex, Prussian blue, and molybdenum blue.  Many solids are mixed-valency including indium chalcogenides.

Robin–Day classification

Mixed-valence compounds are subdivided into three groups, according to the Robin–Day classification:
Class I, where the valences are trapped—localized on a single site—such as Pb3O4 and antimony tetroxide. There are distinct sites with different specific valences in the complex that cannot easily interconvert.
Class II, which are intermediate in character. There is some localization of distinct valences, but there is a low activation energy for their interconversion. Some thermal activation is required to induce electron transfer from one site to another via the bridge. These species exhibit an intense Intervalence charge transfer (IT or IVCT) band, a broad intense absorption in the infrared or visible part of the spectrum, and also exhibit magnetic exchange coupling at low temperatures. The degree of interaction between the metal sites can be estimated from the absorption profile of the IVCT band and the spacing between the sites. This type of complex is common when metals are in different ligand fields. For example, Prussian blue is an iron(II,III)–cyanide complex in which there is an iron(II) atom surrounded by six carbon atoms of six cyanide ligands bridged to an iron(III) atom by their nitrogen ends. In the Turnbull's blue preparation, an iron(II) solution is mixed with an iron(III) cyanide (c-linked) complex. An electron-transfer reaction occurs via the cyanide ligands to give iron(III) associated with an iron(II)-cyanide complex.
Class III, wherein mixed valence is not distinguishable by spectroscopic methods as the valence is completely delocalized. The Creutz–Taube complex is an example of this class of complexes. These species also exhibit an IT band. Each site exhibits an intermediate oxidation state, which can be half-integer in value. This class is possible when the ligand environment is similar or identical for each of the two metal sites in the complex. In fact, Robson type dianionic tetraimino-diphenolate ligands which provide equivalent N2O2 environments for two metal centres have stabilized the mixed valence diiron complexes of class III. The bridging ligand needs to be very good at electron transfer, be highly conjugated, and be easily reduced.

Creutz–Taube ion
The Creutz–Taube complex is a robust, readily analyzed, mixed-valence complex consisting of otherwise equivalent Ru(II) and Ru(III) centers bridged by the pyrazine.   This complex serves as a model for the bridged intermediate invoked in inner-sphere electron transfer.

Further reading
Odd-Numbered Ring Cluster Tc9(μ-O)9Cl6(OOCCCl3)15  where Tc valence alters from 4 to 5 only in some part of the atoms.

Mixed valence organic compounds

 
Organic mixed valence compounds are also known.  Mixed valency in fact seems to be required for organic compounds to exhibit electrical conductivity.

References

Physical chemistry
Electron
SS Indarra. SS Indarra was a passenger liner built for the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company (A.U.S.N. Co.). It was built in Dumbarton, Scotland in 1912 and was the largest ship on the Australian coastal trade prior to World War I. It was sold in 1920 and, after passing through several other owners, was sunk as a Japanese troopship in 1942.

Career
The SS Indarra was built by William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton for the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company (A.U.S.N. Co.). 

After the First World War she was taken over by the Orient Line to compensate for the loss of vessels on naval service and to accommodate the high demand for passage from London to Australia. In October 1920 the ship was purchased by the Compagnie Maritime Belge and renamed Pays de Waes. It had been planned for a River Plate service and it sailed in 1921 to Buenos Aires, Argentina. The company also launched a Belgium–South Africa service using the vessel with Prince Leopold amongst passengers on the first voyage.

In 1923, Pays de Waes was repossessed by A.U.S.N. Co. and sold to Osaka Shosen Kaisha and renamed Horai Maru. The accommodation was altered to 51 First Class, 123 Second Class and 553 Third Class (later increased to 669 Third Class).

Fate
On 1 March 1942, the Horai Maru came under Allied air attack in the Battle of the Java Sea. In the midst of the battle, the Japanese cruiser  fired a spread of Long Lance torpedoes with the American cruiser  as their intended target. The torpedoes missed the Houston and instead sank the minesweeper W-2 and Horai Maru, while also hitting the Ryuho Maru, Tatsuno Maru and Sakura Maru, with the latter three ending up beached. The shot has been described as the best shot of torpedoes ever recorded, hitting five friendly ships at the same time.

The wreck of the Horai Maru was retrieved for salvage in 1947.

Gallery

References

Bibliography

1912 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde
Maritime incidents in March 1942
Troop ships of the Royal Australian Navy
Troop ships of Australia
King's College Bridge. King's College Bridge is the eighth river Cam bridge overall and the fourth bridge on its middle upstream in Cambridge. In the 15th century there was built the first wooden bridge, the current stone structure was designed by famous British architect William Wilkins in 1818 and it was constructed by Francis Braidwood in 1819.

See also
List of bridges in Cambridge
Template:River Cam map

References

Bridges in Cambridge
Bridges across the River Cam
Pedestrian bridges in England
Arch bridges in England
King's College, Cambridge
Tatiana Budtova. Tatiana Budtova (born 23 June 1963) is a chemical researcher. She works at MINES ParisTech and specialises in the chemical physics of polymers, particularly bio-based polymers and bio-based aerogels. In 2020, she was awarded the CNRS Silver Medal.

Biography 
Budtova graduated in 1987 from the Physical Faculty of Leningrad State University. In 1992, she obtained her PhD in the Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, under the supervision of  S. Y. Frenkel.

Budtova began collaborating with CEMEF in 1993 and subsequently obtained her habilitation at the University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis / Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, in 1999. In 2004, she joined CEMEF on a permanent basis, subsequently becoming director of the research group for bio-based polymers and composites. Between 2016 and 2020 she was a Finland Distinguished Professor (FiDiPro) at Aalto University, Finland.

Budtova's research focuses on the development of bio-based aerogels, polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres, polysaccharide, and polymer solutions and gels. Since 2015, she has served as one of the editors of the journal Carbohydrate Polymers.

Bio-aerogels 
The first bio-aerogels were made in the early 2000s. Budtova's flagship work to date has been based around the development of aerogels which can be manufactured without chemical synthesis, based on “ready-made” polymers found in nature. This idea was born in collaboration with PERSEE/Mines ParisTech. The core idea was to create truly bio aerogels, utilising the shared expertise of the two groups.

The first research project on bio-aerogels ("AeroCell"), which launched this area of research, was funded by the European Commission and co-ordinated by Lenzing, an Austrian company with expertise in cellulose fibres. In 2004, CEMEF and PERSEE submitted a Soleau envelope. At that time, this new material was referred to as “aerocellulose”. As a result of this collaboration and the knowledge generated, all bio-based aerogels are now called “bio-aerogels”

Between 2012 and 2014,  Cyrielle Rudaz, working under Budtova's supervision, discovered that pectin aerogels are thermal super-insulating materials (with thermal conductivity lower than that of air). In 2016-17 two Masters students (Lucile Druel & Richard Bardl) working under her supervision, were awarded the prix "Innovation" by Maiz'Europ for their discovery that starch aerogels are also thermal super-insulating materials.

Awards and honours 
 2014: Prix ADEME des Techniques Innovantes pour l'Environnement (together with Dr Cyrielle Rudaz and Dr Arnaud Demilecamps)
 2015: Chevalier des Palmes académiques
 2020: CNRS Silver Medal

References 

1963 births
Living people
Russian materials scientists
21st-century Russian chemists
Russian women chemists
Russian expatriates in France
Russian expatriates in Finland
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Academic staff of Mines Paris - PSL
Academic staff of Aalto University
Scientific journal editors
Guacolda-Leftrarú. Leftrarú and Guacolda are a pair of supercomputers manufactured by Hewlett-Packard (currently Hewlett Packard Enterprise) and Dell EMC respectively, and installed at the National Laboratory of High Performance Computing (NLHPC), in the Center for Mathematical Modeling of the University of Chile, being in set the most powerful supercomputer in Chile, and one of the three most powerful in South America. It is intended for the high-performance computing needs for the various scientific and academic organizations in the country.

Them are named in honor of Lautaro (the Mapuche military leader) and Guacolda (the Lautaro's wife according to the mapuche mythology).

History 
The Center for Mathematical Modeling of the University of Chile, together with other universities, proposed to CONICYT in 2010 the creation of the National Laboratory for High Performance Computing (NLHPC), which would be dedicated to research through supercomputing.

In 2014, the Leftrarú supercomputer has been inaugurated, built with nodes provided by Hewlett-Packard, providing a theoretical performance of 50 teraflops in the beginnings, and currently performing at 70 teraflops. In January 2020, Guacolda joins, whose hardware is provided by Dell EMC, delivering a theoretical performance of 196 teraflops.

Technical specifications 
At the time of the inauguration of Guacolda, the joint supercomputer has 5,236 cores and 266 TFLOPS (theorycal). It is composed of Hewlett-Packard SL200 series and Dell EMC PowerEdge C6420 and R740 series nodes.

Leftrarú

Guacolda

Affiliated organizations 

 University of Chile
 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
 University of Santiago, Chile
 Austral University of Chile
 Catholic University of the North
 University of La Frontera
 University of La Serena
 University of Talca
 University of the Bío Bío
 Federico Santa María Technical University
 AURA observatory
 Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso
 Ciencia y Vida foundation
 Inria Chile

References

External links 
 Official website

Science and technology in Chile
Steel and Engineering Workers' Union of Nigeria. The Steel and Engineering Workers' Union of Nigeria (SEWUN) is a trade union representing factory workers involved in making metal and electrical goods in Nigeria.

The union was founded in 1996, when the Government of Nigeria merged the Metal Products Workers' Union of Nigeria with the Iron and Steel Workers' Union of Nigeria, the Automobile, Boatyards, Transport and Equipment and Allied Workers' Union of Nigeria, and the Precision Electrical and Related Equipment
Workers' Union.  It affiliated to the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC).

From the late 1990s, the union's leadership was divided into two factions, something which the International Metalworkers' Federation attempted to resolve in 2009.  At that time, the union had 28,000 members, but had only 45 employees.

In 2016, the union left the NLC to become a founding constituent of the United Labour Congress (ULC).  However, in 2020, the whole ULC rejoined the NLC.

External links

References

Metal trade unions
Nigeria Labour Congress
Trade unions established in 1996
Trade unions in Nigeria