omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Snap Circuits. Snap Circuits is a line of electronic kits manufactured by Elenco Electronics and aimed at children eight years and older.  The kits come in a variety of sizes, and may include capacitors, diodes, electric motors, lamps, LEDs, radios, electromagnets, speakers, resistors, transformers, transistors and voltmeters. The kits contain a plastic baseboard into which the various components and wires can be snapped to easily create a working circuit.  Snap Circuits was first released in 2002.

Snap Circuits has been praised for exposing young children to elementary engineering concepts.  A related line entitled Snap Circuits Jr. is geared towards younger children. The different sets are all compatible with each other so you can combine sets and the company sells "upgrade" sets as well.

Elenco was founded in 1972 and originally developed products for the testing of electronic equipment.  It later developed educational materials for schools to provide hands-on experience in electronics building.  A toy division was created in the late 1990s, and Snap Circuits, first released in 2002, soon grew in popularity.  By 2015, Snap Circuits were among Amazon's Top 20 best selling toys. As of 2020, Snap Circuits have won more than 30 awards by different toy and industry groups.

References

Electronic toys
Electronic kit manufacturers
Educational toys
Construction toys
SDB Karat. The SDB Karat is a Russian ultralight trike that was designed and produced by SDB of Moscow. The aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

SDB was an enterprise of the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation. The SDB website has been removed from the internet and the enterprise seems to have gone out of business, ending production of the Karat.

Design and development
The Karat is a nanotrike that was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a single-seat open cockpit without a cockpit fairing, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single or double surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. It was designed to be light enough to accept any hang glider wing with a high enough gross weight. A typical wing used would have a  span, be supported by a single tube-type kingpost and use an "A" frame weight-shift control bar. The standard powerplant is a single cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke,  Hirth F33 engine. The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

When it was available the trike was sold as a fuselage frame and engine, with the customer providing the hang glider wing.

Specifications (Karat)

References

External links
Company website archives on Archive.org
Photo of the SDB Karat

2000s Russian sport aircraft
2000s Russian ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Herman E. Schroeder. Herman E. Schroeder (6 July 1915 – 28 November 2009) was a research director at DuPont, inventor of the first practical adhesive for bonding rubber to nylon for B29 bomber tires, and a pioneer in the development of specialty elastomers.

Early life and education
Schroder was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 6, 1915. He attended Harvard University, where he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry in 1936 and 1937 and his Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1939.

Awards
In 1984, Schroeder received the Charles Goodyear Medal. DuPont awarded him the Lavoisier Medal for Inspirational Research Leadership in 1992.

Publications

Death
He died in 2009 in Greenville, Delaware.

References

External links
Finding aids for the Herman Schroeder papers and the Herman Schroeder photograph collection are available at Hagley Museum and Library. Both collections are available for research.

Polymer scientists and engineers
1915 births
2009 deaths
American chemical engineers
DuPont people
Scientists from Brooklyn
Harvard University alumni
Engineers from New York City
20th-century American engineers
International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers. The International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers (IFPTE) is a North American labor union representing various professional, technical, and administrative support workers in the United States and Canada, in both the public and private sectors.

Its roots may be traced back to the International Federation of Draftsmen's Unions, a craft union for shipyard engineers and draftsmen, chartered by the American Federation of Labor in 1918, and expanding its jurisdiction in 1919 to become the International Federation of Technical Engineers, Architects, and Draftsmen's Unions.

Presidents
C. L. Rosemund
Foster J. Pratt
Russell M. Stephens
1967: James Woodside
1970: William T. Cleary
1972: Rodney A. Bower
1985: James Sommerhauser
1994: Paul Almeida
2001: Greg Junemann
2018: Paul Shearon
2021: Matt Biggs

References

External links 

 

1918 establishments in the United States
AFL-CIO
American engineering organizations
Canadian Labour Congress
Engineering societies
Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
Trade unions established in 1918
Trade unions in the United States
Morane-Saulnier MS-700 Pétrel. The Morane-Saulnier MS-700 Pétrel () was a French four-seat cabin-monoplane designed and built by Morane-Saulnier, only three prototypes were built.

Design and development
The MS-700 was a twin-engined, low-wing, cabin-monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear and powered by two  Potez 4D-33 four-cylinder, inverted inline piston engines. The prototype, with French test registration F-WFDC, first flew on 8 January 1949. The aircraft was intended as a light liaison aircraft and the second prototype made a demonstration tour of Africa at the end of 1950. The second prototype was re-engined with two Mathis G8-20 engines and re-designated MS-701. On 3 January 1951 a third prototype first flew, it was a MS-703 with a longer fuselage for six-seats and two  Salmson 8.AS.OO engines. After being used by the company for a number of years the first prototype was due to be modified in the late 1950s to the same standards as the MS-703 but with  Potez engines but it was not converted and instead was withdrawn from use. Only the three prototypes were built and the type did not enter production.

Variants
MS-700-01
First prototype of the Four-seat MS-700 variant, powered by two  Potez 4D-33 engines. First flown on 8 January 1949 the MS-700-01 (regn. F-WFDC) was withdrawn from use in June 1959.
MS-700-02
Second prototype of the MS-700 series, powered by two  Potez 4D-31 engines, converted to MS-701 standard (regn. F-BFDE).
MS-701
Second prototype, MS-700-02, re-engined with two  Mathis G8-20 engines.
MS-702
No details.
MS-703-01
Six-seat variant powered by two  Salmson 8.AS.00 / Argus As 10 engines, one built. The MS-703-01 was first flown on 3 January 1951.
MS-704
Proposed modification of the first prototype to MS-703 standard with two  Potez engines, not converted.

Specification (MS-700-01)

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

1940s French civil utility aircraft
Petrel
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1949
Franklin Demon-1. The Demon-1 is a custom-built biplane for aerobatic flying.

Design and development
The Demon-1 is a single place, conventional landing gear equipped biplane, development of which was started in 2004. The aircraft features nearly full span ailerons. The aircraft is designed to fit on a trailer for transportation between airshows.

Specifications (Demon-1)

See also

References

External links

Youtube Video

Aerobatic aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
M. V. Subbiah. M. V. Subbiah Chettiar (born February 2, 1939) is an Indian industrialist, patriarch of the Murugappa family, and a former executive chairman of the Murugappa Group, known for his turnaround of EID Parry. In 2012, he was awarded India's third highest civilian honor, the Padma Bhushan.

Early life 
He was born in Pallathur, Tamil Nadu, India. He later studied engineering at the University of Birmingham for two years (but did not graduate) and got his Diploma in Industrial Administration from Aston University. He also studied at Harvard Business School. He was awarded an honorary DUniv by Birmingham University in 2011. From 2008 till 2013 he was the Chairman of National Skill Development Corporation.

References

Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Murugappa family
Stits DS-1. The Stits DS-1 Baby Bird is a homebuilt aircraft built to achieve a "world's smallest" status. The Baby Bird is in the Guinness Book of World Records as the “Smallest Airplane in the World.” as of 1984. The title was later defined as "world's smallest monoplane" to acknowledge Robert H. Starr's Bumble Bee II as the world's smallest biplane.

Development
The DS-1 is a single-engine, single-seat highwing aircraft. Development started in 1980 to beat Ray Stits's record for World's smallest aircraft, the Stits SA-2A Sky Baby flown by Robert H. Starr. The fuselage is welded steel tubing with fabric covering. The wing is all-wood construction.

Operational history
Thirty-four flights took place in 1984 with United States Navy pilot Harold Nemer at the controls.

Specifications

See also

References

Homebuilt aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1984
1980s United States experimental aircraft
DS-1
Aircraft with fixed tricycle landing gear
Single-engined piston aircraft
Laser machine control. Laser machine control is an electronic system for automatic operation of land scrapers or excavators. Advanced systems with GPS replaced these laser-based systems in some countries, but it is still used in some countries like India.

System Components
There are different types of systems patented by different inventors or companies. But the generalised system has four essential parts: rotating laser transmitter, laser receiver, control unit, solenoid valves.

Rotating laser transmitter
The laser transmitter emits a narrow laser beam which rotates horizontally. this creates a Horizontal reference plane of laser beam. The beam can be spread horizontally but should be sharp and narrow in vertical plane. The transmitter may use infrared or red laser but for safety measure all manufacturers limits the power to 5 milliwatts. The transmitter uses semiconductor laser diodes as laser source which is powered by batteries.

The transmitter corrects its position to get perfect horizontal plane with acceleration sensor/ gyro sensors / bubble based level sensor and a microprocessor based servo mechanism.

Laser receiver
The laser receiver detects the height of laser plane with an array of photo diodes, generally a series of photo diodes in 9" strip with a gap between diodes equal to the width of the beam. the receiver reads the height with the sensors and convert to a usable analog or digital signal and sends to the machine control unit. Modern systems use CAN protocol for the output signals where old systems use a 4/5/6 channel analog current signal.

Control unit
The control unit is the processing unit which decides how to react with the incoming signals get a desired land level. It adjusts the height of the scraper by activating or deactivating the electro-hydraulic actuators (solenoid valves). Generally these are ON OFF type solenoid valves but some modern systems use proportional valves . On the dash board of control unit there are some keys and indicators are provided as user interface through which user can monitor the operation or manually operate the machine when needed.

Solenoid valves
Solenoid valves are act like an interface between the electrical systems and the hydraulic system, these can be on-off type or proportional depending on the control unit.

References
 Control and method of control for an earthmoving system
 

Laser applications
GSAT-7. GSAT-7 or INSAT-4F is a multi-band military communications satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. The Indian Navy is the user of the multi-band communication spacecraft, which has been operational since September 2013. According to defense experts, the satellite will enable the navy to extend its blue water capabilities and stop relying on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships.

Satellite
GSAT-7, the multi-band communication satellite named Rukmini carries the payloads in UHF, C band and . It is the first dedicated military communication satellite (unlike earlier dual use satellites) built by ISRO that will provide services to the Indian Armed Forces with the main user being the Indian Navy. Its procured launch cost has been put at ₹480 crore, with the satellite costing ₹185 crore. Cost of whole project per Memorandum of Understanding with ISRO was ₹950 crores. 

The multiple-band spacecraft will be used exclusively by the Navy to shore up secure, real-time communications among its warships, submarines, aircraft and land systems. GSAT-7/ INSAT-4F is said to significantly improve the country's naval operations around the world. 

GSAT 7 satellite carrying payloads operating in UHF, S, C and Ku bands, had a lift-off mass of  and is based on ISRO's  class satellite bus I-2K with some new technological elements, including the antennae. After a flight of almost 34 minutes, the satellite was injected into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) of  perigee,  apogee and an inclination of 3.5 degree with respect to the equator.

ISRO launched a second satellite, GSAT-7A for Indian Air Force on 19 December 2018 on its Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F11).

Launch
The satellite was launched early on 30 August 2013 atop an Ariane 5 ECA rocket from Kourou, French Guiana.

India's first dedicated military satellite was put into a geosynchronous orbit, about  above Earth, five days after it was launched after three orbit-raising manoeuvres from ISRO's Master Control Facility at Hassan in Karnataka. The 2.5-tonne spacecraft's antennae, including the ultra high frequency Helix antenna were deployed before it was stabilised on its three-axis in the orbit. All of the on-board transponders were switched on successfully on September 18, 2013

Capability

Rukmini will provide networking capabilities to various Indian Naval assets. During Theater-level Readiness and Operational Exercise (Tropex) in the Bay of Bengal in 2014, Rukmini was able to network about 60 ships and 75 aircraft seamlessly. Rukmini has a nearly 2,000 nautical mile 'footprint' over the Indian Ocean Region.

Replacement
The Indian Navy placed an order for GSAT-7R on June 11, 2019. GSAT-7R is expected to eventually replace GSAT-7.

See also 

 Indian military satellites
 GSAT-7A
 GSAT
 Indian National Satellite System
 List of Indian satellites

References

External links
 ISRO GSAT-7
 

GSAT satellites
INSAT satellites
Satellites orbiting Earth
Spacecraft launched in 2013
2013 in India
Gems Sensors & Controls. Gems Sensors and Controls is a global manufacturer of application engineered sensors. Founded in 1955, it makes level, pressure and flow sensors for use in a wide range of fluids across industry.

Gems Sensors is a division of Fortive Corporation, a company with a presence around the world. The company provides manufacturing services in North America, Europe, and Asia. It also has sales, engineering, and service offices in different parts of the world.

History

Founded by Edward Moore & Gordon Seigle along with an associate, Gems Sensors & Controls (Gems) has been operational since 1955  and is based in Plainville, Connecticut, USA. Gems Sensors received its first commercial acclaim for a bilge switch developed for the small boating industry.

Products

Gems Sensors Inc. designs and manufactures liquid level, flow switches and pressure switches, miniature solenoid valves, and pre-assembled fluidic systems. The company is also into manufacturing customized level sensors, pressure sensors, proximity switches, solenoid valves, fluidic systems, flow sensors, and Warrick controls. It offers its products to different markets like alternative energy, semiconductor manufacturing, process tank gauging, waste water procession and other marine and industrial applications.

References

Electronics companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in Connecticut
Companies based in Hartford County, Connecticut
Electronics companies established in 1955
Plainville, Connecticut
Sensors
Mahamaya Chhara Irrigation Extension Project. Mahamaya Irrigation Project () is an irrigation project in Bangladesh situated at Durgapur Union, Mirsharai Upazila, Chittagong. Initiated in the 2007-2008 financial year, the project provides irrigation water to a 3360 hectare area. It cost about 230 million taka and construction was completed in 2009. This project was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 29 December 2010. It is the second largest man made lake in Bangladesh after Kaptai Lake.

The project also provided recreational areas.

Government is also planning to install a 50 kW mini hydro electric powerplant here.

Gallery

References

External links
 Development of Renewable Energy Technologies by BPDB
 Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper By International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
 The Bay Belongs to Bangladesh - Energy & Power

Agriculture in Bangladesh
Irrigation projects
Chittagong District
Karnaphuli River
Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh
1962 establishments in Pakistan
History of Chittagong Division
Mirsharai Upazila
S.J.M. Institute of Technology. SJM Institute of technology (SJMIT) was established in the academic year 1980–81, with blessings of  then president  of SJM Vidyapeetha Sri Mallikarjuna Murugharajendra Mahaswamiji. Located just adjacent to the National Highway-4, SJMIT has a clean green campus with all facilities spread over a vast area of 35 acres.

The college is recognized by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) New Delhi, approved by Govt. of Karnataka and affiliated to Visveswariah Technological University (VTU) Belgaum.  

It offers Bachelor of Engineering(B.E) in 5 Engineering Disciplines, and 
Master of Technology(M.Tech) in Computer Science and Engineering, Thermal Power Engineering and Structural Engineering.

Courses 
Undergraduate
The college offers four year Undergraduate courses in 5 Disciplines of engineering:
 Civil Engineering
 Computer Science & Engineering
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering
 Electronics & Communication Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering

Postgraduate
The Institute offers the following Post graduate course:
 Master of Technology with specializations in Computer Science & Engineering.
 Master of Technology with specializations in Thermal Power Engineering.
 Master of Technology with specializations in Structural Engineering.

Doctor of Philosophy
The Institute offers the following Research Subjects

 Electrical & Electronics Engineering

 Mechanical Engineering

 Civil Engineering

See also 
Chitradurga

References 

Engineering colleges in Karnataka
Universities and colleges in Chitradurga district
Educational institutions established in 1980
1980 establishments in Punjab, India
Silent Family Silent Glider M. The Silent Family Silent Glider M is a German ultralight trike motor glider, designed by Helmut Grossklaus and produced by Silent Family of Westerrade. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Design and development
The Silent Glider M was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category and the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules. It features a cable-braced rigid hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift pitch controls and aerodynamic roll controls, a single-seat enclosed cockpit with a bubble canopy, retractable tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft is made from composites, with its double surface rigid wing mounted with the pitch control bar though a slot in the bubble canopy. The pilot seating position is reclined. Various rigid wings can be used and the typical one has a  span. The powerplant is a single cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke,  Hirth F33 engine or, optionally, a Geiger or Flytec electric motor, powering a two-bladed folding composite propeller. With the Hirth engine the aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload is .

The Silent Glider M can use the Aeros Stalker, A-I-R Atos or Flight Design Exxtacy wings, which are provided by the builder. The fuselage and wing combination produces a 20:1 glide ratio and a minimum sink rate of 0.8 m/s (160 ft/min).

Variants
Silent Glider M
Version powered by a  Hirth F33 petrol engine
Silent Glider e-M
Version powered by a Geiger electric motor, introduced in 2009
Silent Glider ME
Version powered by a Flytec HPD10 electric motor

Specifications (Silent Glider M)

References

External links

2000s German sport aircraft
2000s German ultralight aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Ultralight trikes
Cheesman Dam. Cheesman Dam is a  masonry curved gravity dam on the South Platte River located in Colorado. It was the tallest of its type in the world when completed in 1905. The primary purpose of the dam is water supply and it was named for Colorado businessman, Walter Cheesman. In 1973 it was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. Denver Water purchased the reservoir and related facilities in 1918.

History
The location for the new dam was explored by chief engineer C.P. Allen on during a fishing trip on September 23, 1893. The first stage was to build a diversion tunnel in 1898, which after the completion of the dam would become the outlet. The plans called for an embankment dam faced with concrete and metal some 200 feet tall, which began to rise in 1899. This was not to be as after one year of work, on the morning of May 3, 1900, the river began to rise after a heavy rainstorm added to the already high spring river flow. The water filled the outlet pipe and then overtopped the diversion heading for the construction site. The company sent out men to warn those downstream that the still incomplete structure could not last for long. Residents of Littleton, Colorado were warned at 10:00 AM that the flood would arrive in three hours. The dam was overtopped and swept away leaving only a remnant of the masonry wall.

After this disaster the Denver Union Water Company planned a new structure in the same location. The new design would be a hybrid arch-gravity dam constructed of masonry. The blocks of granite for the dam were quarried from two locations near the site, one above and one below the location of the dam. They were transported by short rail lines and even by barge on the lake growing behind the new structure. Construction was renewed and lasted until 1905. At completion the dam was the tallest in the world, a title it would hold for seven years, until 1912. Water flowed over the new dam's spillway for the first time on May 9, 1905.

External links
 Cheesman Dam at Denver Water

Bibliography

 

Dams in Colorado
Dams in the Mississippi River basin
Dams completed in 1905
Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Buildings and structures in Douglas County, Colorado
Masonry dams
1905 establishments in Colorado