omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Dynamic creative optimization. Dynamic creative optimization (DCO), is a form of programmatic advertising that allows advertisers to optimize the performance of their creative using real-time technology. 

In DCO, a variety of ad components  (backgrounds, main images, text, value propositions, call to action, etc.) are dynamically assembled on the flight, when the ad is served, according to the particular needs of the impression. Creative development is done using creative studio tools like Adobe Photoshop. It may include video, animation, native components, and interactive elements. 

While the actual optimization approaches may vary, they almost always involve the use of multivariate testing. The DCO process consists of creative development, identification of test variables, definition of the optimization objective, and method of optimization. Test variables represent the parts of the ad creative that are varied in the multivariate testing framework. These commonly include graphical elements, ad copy, colors, and click-through actions. It is helpful to have digital assets managed in a digital asset management system, especially when digital rights need to be enforced. The optimization objective can be initial engagement, a user action (such as click or install), or a post-install metric (such as purchase, registration, or lifetime value). Optimization of this objective is carried out using some form of discrete or combinatorial optimization.

Dynamic versus static 
Most campaign creatives are optimized statically, i.e., a few alternate ad creatives are developed and then tested using a split sample to select the best performing creative. This process ignores many factors (such as time-of-day, day-of-week, seasonality, geographical region, and inherent variations in user preference) that may play a significant role in the performance of the creative. By adjusting the optimal solution dynamically, DCO can account for all these factors making the optimization process more accurate and stable.

References

External links 
http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/272461/dynamic-creative-in-a-programmatic-world.html

Advertising techniques
Bond tester. A bond tester is a scientific instrument used to measure the mechanical strength of bonds, evaluate bond strength distributions or determine compliance with specified bond strength requirements of the applicable acquisition document.

Importance 
Electrical and thermal bonds are such an integral part of electronic and semiconductor construction that they may often be taken for granted. Modern electronic assembly methods employ a myriad of bonding processes, each one a vital step in the manufacture of the final product. A typical consumer product such as a laptop computer may contain hundreds of thousands of bonds yet if one fails it will probably result in a system breakdown.

Method 
There are at least three means of bond testing:

 The thermographic method: one uses a thermo-sensitive phosphor to measure the temperature distribution over a sample's surface.
 The electrode potential method: one uses electrodes to measure the potential difference across a sample.
 The ultrasonic transmission method: one may measure the attenuation of an ultrasonic wave through the sample.

Typically a load is applied to a bond by a hook or shear tool, whereafter a force measurement is taken and the failure mode of the tested sample is recorded. More often than not bond tests are destructive and samples are scrapped after testing. In aerospace and medical applications, non destructive testing is common, whereby the bond is loaded up to a point to reveal nonacceptable bonds while avoiding damage to acceptable bonds.

For an automatic test PC controlled moving table allows any number of bonds to be tested automatically from a stored program. 
Results can be analysed and output immediately or exported in a number of data base formats for subsequent analysis as desired.
Powerful extended capabilities enable measurements such as force/time or force/distance curves to be made and deliver more data about the quality of the bond tested.

The most common test types performed on a bond tester are the wire pull test, which generally puts an upward force on a gold/aluminum/silver/copper wire, and the die shear test, which generally comprises loading a die from the side. When equipped with tweezers, bond testers may also perform cold bump pull tests. During such a test, a solder ball down to 50 μm in diameter is reform it to the shape something like a mushroom and then pulled off the surface. Modern bond testers can perform a wide variety of tests with high precision, because automation eliminates human influence on the measurement.

Industry leaders 
Two industry leaders are DAGE (acquired by Nordson in 2006) and xyztec.

Standards
MIL-STD-883, JEDEC and other standards are commonly followed in the industry.

References

Test equipment
RD-801. The RD801 (Ukrainian: ) is a Ukrainian liquid propellant rocket engine burning LOX and Kerosene (RG-1) in a staged combustion cycle. It has a single combustion chamber that provides thrust vector control by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°. It is being designed in Ukraine by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau for the prospective first stage propulsion of the Mayak rocket family.

The RD801 as well as the RD-810 are being designed based on the work of the RD-8 vernier and the maintenance and improvement of the RD-120 engines. The RD801 can be used stand alone on a Mayak or in a cluster.

Versions

The designers have proposed three versions of this engine:
 RD801 (Ukrainian: ): This is the basic module with no TVC.
 RD801 (Ukrainian: ): This is a version which includes a TVC by gimbaling of the nozzle in two axis by +/- 6°.
 RD801V (Ukrainian: ): High altitude of the rocket engine with extended nozzle.

See also
Mayak – Prospective Ukrainian launch vehicle family for which the RD801 is being developed.
RD-8 – The Zenit second stage vernier engine which was the technological base for the RD801.
RD-120 – The Zenit second stage main engine which was the technological base for the RD801
RD-810 – A higher thrust engine of the same family.
Yuzhnoe Design Bureau – The RD810 designer bureau.
Yuzhmash – A multi-product machine-building company that's closely related to Yuzhnoe and would manufacture the RD801.
YF-100 – A Chinese rocket engine of similar specifications based on RD801 design.

References

External links
 Yuzhnoye Design Bureau English-language home page 

Rocket engines using kerosene propellant
Rocket engines using the staged combustion cycle
Yuzhnoye rocket engines
Yuzhmash rocket engines
Rocket engines of Ukraine
Yuneec International Typhoon H. The Typhoon H is a 6 rotor multicopter or UAV produced by Yuneec International which was launched in April 2016.

Significant features of the Typhoon H may be summarized as follows
 Ready to fly
 3-axis anti-vibration gimbal camera with full 360° rotation, up to 4k resolution
 Retractable landing gear
 Front facing ultrasonic collision detection with optional INTEL REALSENSE collision avoidance
 Folding rotor arms
 Remote control incorporating built in 7" Android Tablet
 22 minutes flight time
 Choice of 5.8 GHz or 2.4 GHz radio transmission
 ST16 radio transmitter with built in video streaming feed directly from Typhoon H
 CGO3+ 4K lens camera
 Autonomous flight with way points, orbit mode, follow me mode, and tracking mode
 GPS (Global Positioning System)
 Return to home feature which enables the pilot to press return to home and the Typhoon H will fly and land back at its starting point
 Altitude and position holding
 5 rotor mode which enables the pilot to land safely if one motor is damaged during flight
 Durable and quality carbon fiber/hard plastic material

The Typhoon H is considered an upgrade to the DJI Phantom 3 and 4 and Spreading Wings model line as well as the DJI Inspire Pro and is designed specifically for aerial photography and cinematography.

An upgraded version of the Typhoon H that includes a vision based collision avoidance system called 'Intel RealSense' was demonstrated at the CES 2016 trade show.

A key reason why the Typhoon H has been successful in the aerial cinematography world and is often preferred to models like DJI's Phantom and Inspire, is because of the built in Android Tablet to the 2.4ghz transmitter. This provides built in telemetry and direct camera streaming. The drone is also known for its unusually high camera quality out of the box which companies such as DJI have lacked. Although the range on the Typhoon H is not as far as the DJI Phantom lineup, many professional cinematographers have said they prefer the low latency transmission Both drones do operate with full control well beyond eyesight.
 

Yuneec announced on 9 January 2018 a big brother to the Typhoon H called the Typhoon H Plus. It will be the same design as the original, but with an improved camera, larger frame, and longer flight times.

References

External links 
 http://www.yuneec.com/Typhoon-H

Yuneec aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of China
Unmanned helicopters
Radio-controlled helicopters
Ministry of Heavy Industries. The Ministry of Heavy Industries  is an executive agency of the Government of India. The Ministry  entails for promoting the engineering industry viz. machine tools, heavy electrical, industrial machinery, and auto industry and administration of 40 operating Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and 4 autonomous organizations.

As of June 2024, the Honourable Minister is H. D. Kumaraswamy and the Honourable Minister of State is Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma.

History
The Ministry of Heavy Industries was previously called Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise. On 7 July 2021 the Ministry has been renamed as Ministry of Heavy Industries as the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) was shifted to the Ministry of Finance.

Structure

Autonomous Bodies
There are four autonomous bodies under the ownership of Ministry of Heavy Industries.

 Fluid Control Research Institute (FCRI)
 Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)
 National Automotive Board (NAB)
 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI)

Central Public Sector Undertakings
There are 40 CPSUs under the ownership of Ministry of Heavy Industries, of which 16 are operational.

 Andrew Yule and Company (AYCL)
 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
 Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Ltd.
 Bridge & Roof Company (India) Ltd.
 Cement Corporation of India (CCI)
 Engineering Projects (India) Ltd.(EPI)
 Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC)
 HMT Ltd.(Holding Company with Tractor Division)
 HMT (Bearings ) Limited (a subsidiary of HMT)
 HMT Machine Tools (a subsidiary of HMT)
 Hindustan Salts Ltd. (HSL)
 Sambhar Salts Ltd. (SSL) (Subsidiary of HSL)
 Instrumentation Ltd. Kota (IL)
 Nepa Limited (NEPA)
 Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments Ltd.(subsidiary of ILK)
 Richardson & Cruddass (1972) Ltd.(R & C)

Industrial Sectors Regulation 
The Industrial sectors regulated by the Ministry of Heavy Industries are:

 Heavy Engineering Equipment and Machine Tools Industry
 Heavy Electrical Engineering Industry
 Automotive Sector, including Tractors and Earth Moving Equipment

20 Sub-sectors
20 Sub-sectors under the 3 broad sectors are as under:
 Boilers
 Cement Machinery
 Dairy Machinery
 Electrical Furnace
 Diesel Engines
 Material Handling Equipment
 Metallurgical Machinery including Steel Plant Equipment
 Earthmoving and Mining Machinery
 Machine Tool
 Oil Field Equipment
 Printing Machinery  
 Pulp and Paper Machinery
 Rubber Machinery
 Switchgear and Control Gear
 Plastic Processing Machinery
 Sugar Machinery
 Turbines & Generator Set
 Transformers
 Textile Machinery
 Food Processing Machinery

Cabinet Ministers

Ministers of State

Deputy Ministers

References

Notes

External links
Ministry website

Heavy Industries
India
Industry in India
Heavy industry
John Holloway Sanders. John Holloway Sanders FRIBA (1825 – 16 October 1884) was an architect based in England and chief architect of the Midland Railway until 1884.

His date of appointment as Chief Architect to the Midland Railway is not known, but he is recorded as working for them in 1845. He is particularly noted for his station buildings on the Settle to Carlisle railway which were all built in a similar style, they became known colloquially as Midland Gothic or Derby Gothic.

He was appointed Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects on 22 April 1872.

On his death in 1884, the position of Chief Architect of the Midland Railway went to Charles Trubshaw.

List of works

References

19th-century English architects
1825 births
1884 deaths
British railway architects
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Yang Wei-fuu. Yang Wei-fuu (; born 1952) is a Taiwanese politician, who has been the Vice Minister of Economic Affairs of Taiwan since January 2015.

Education
Yang earned his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from National Chung Hsing University and master's degree in the same field from Colorado State University in the United States.

Early careers
Yang was the Director  General of Water Resources Agency (WRA), Director of WRA Central Regional Water Resources Office, WRA Deputy Chief Engineer and WRA section chief.

References

Living people
1952 births
Political office-holders in the Republic of China on Taiwan
30 cm Bubble Chamber (CERN). The 30 cm Bubble Chamber, prototyped as a 10 cm Bubble Chamber, was a particle detector used to study high-energy physics at CERN.

Bubble chambers are similar to cloud chambers, both in application and in basic principle. A chamber is normally made by filling a large cylinder with a liquid heated to just below its boiling point.  As particles enter the chamber, a piston suddenly decreases its pressure, and the liquid enters into a superheated, metastable phase.  Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles. Bubble density around a track is proportional to a particle's energy loss. Bubbles grow in size as the chamber expands, until they are large enough to be seen or photographed. Several cameras are mounted around it, allowing a three-dimensional image of an event to be captured.

Following the discovery of strange particles in cosmic-ray showers and the evidence of a large spectrum of heavy mesons,  started the construction of a liquid hydrogen bubble chamber. A prototype, the 10 cm Bubble Chamber, was first built in 1957; it was seen as a learning process, allowing the team to test and study the functionality of bubble chambers. Furthermore, the chamber was easily modifiable and had no magnetic field.

Experience acquired during the prototype phase enabled the team to build the 30 cm bubble chamber. The chamber was cylindrical, with a total volume of 12.5 litres, a piston to control expansion, and a coil generating a 1.5 T magnetic field. As the prototype, the 30 cm bubble chamber enabled systematic measurements of distortion and ionisation of the tracks, studies on the stopping power of liquid hydrogen, and on the size and growth of the bubbles in the chamber. In particular, it was very useful for experiments at medium and low energy in a purified beam.

In 1959, it was placed at the Synchro-Cyclotron (SC) where it was first exposed to beams of π+ mesons of 265 and 330 MeV. Later, the chamber received a 16 GeV/c π− beam from the Proton Synchrotron (PS), enabling the study of pion production in π−-proton interactions as well as the production of strange particles. Experiments to investigate the interaction between two protons, at 24 GeV/c, were also conducted. To analyse these complex interactions, Charles Peyrou developed new methods such as the "Peyrou plot" and the "principal axis".

The photographs obtained proved the exceptional quality of the 30 cm bubble chamber despite its small dimensions. The chamber ceased operations in 1962, having produced 150 km of film during its three years of operation. In 1965, the 30 cm Bubble Chamber was lent to the National Laboratory at Frascati.

See also
 Bubble chamber

References

Bubble chambers operated at CERN
CERN
CERN facilities
İZBAN E22100. The İZBAN E22100 series, commonly nicknamed Gulf dolphin (), are Electric Multiple Units that were built by Hyundai Rotem for İZBAN A.Ş. in order to increase its fleet. Each set has 3 permanently coupled cars and are used for commuter service in İzmir. The first set entered service on 30 August  2014 and the last one (40th) on 31 December 2015.

References

Turkish railways electric multiple units
İZBAN

25 kV AC multiple units
Hyundai Rotem multiple units
Train-related introductions in 2014
Aero 20. The Aero 20 is an American trailerable sailboat, that was designed by Gary Mull as a daysailer and first built in 1999.

Production
The boat was built by Catalina Yachts starting in 1999, but it is now out of production.

Design
The Aero 20 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a transom hung rudder and a conventional fin keel giving a draft of . The hull design was based on the Independence 20, a boat designed by Mull for disabled sailors.

The boat is rigged with the unusual "aero rig", whereby the main and jib sails are on a common fore-and-aft boom.

The design displaces  and carries  of ballast. It has a hull speed of .

See also
List of sailing boat types

References

Keelboats
1990s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Gary Mull
Sailboat types built by Catalina Yachts
André Borie. André Borie (died 1971) was a French civil engineer who was involved in many public construction projects of the French state and helped to build part of the Mont Blanc tunnel. He was president of the Entrepreneurs de travaux publics who awarded a medal in his honour. He is said to have been an art collector and to have left his paintings to his daughter Andrée Borie.

See also
Giulano Ruffini

References 

1971 deaths
French civil engineers
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Year of birth missing
20th-century French businesspeople
La Cabrera Tunnel. The La Cabrera Tunnel (), also known as the La Cabrera bridge-tunnel, is a tunnel and viaduct in Venezuela which lies within Carabobo State and connects it with Aragua State.  It was built in the late 1950s using the New Austrian Tunnelling method.  It was the first application by Ladislaus von Rabcewicz of systematic rock bolt and shotcrete support in a highway tunnel.

In July 2016, it was reported that the viaduct which leads to the tunnel was in danger of collapse and that multiple vehicles had fallen off due to a lack of guardrails combined with swerving to avoid potholes.

References

Tunnels in Venezuela
Buildings and structures in Carabobo
Buildings and structures in Aragua
RealityCapture. RealityCapture (RC) is a photogrammetry software for creating 3D models out of unordered photographs (terrestrial and/or aerial) or laser scans without seams. The most common fields of its current use are cultural heritage (art, archaeology, and architecture), full body scanning, gaming, surveying, mapping, visual effects (VFX) and virtual reality (VR) in general.

It features include image registration (alignment), automatic calibration, calculating a polygon mesh, colouring, texturing, parallel projections, georeferencing, DSM, coordinate system conversion, simplification, scaling, filtration, smoothing, measurement, inspection, and various exports and imports. The program can be run under the command line. There is also a software developer kit available.
RealityCapture is able to mix camera images and laser scans. It is designed to make low demands on hardware. It works linearly, which means if its inputs are doubled, the processing time will be doubled as well. The software is currently available only in English language.

Technical requirements 

RealityCapture runs on 64-bit machines with at least 8GB of RAM, 64bit Microsoft Windows 7 / 8 / 8.1 / 10, using a graphics card with an Nvidia CUDA 2.0+ GPU and at least 1 GB of RAM. Users can run the application and register images without the Nvidia card but will not be able to create a textured mesh. Users must install the Media Feature Pack for Windows, and on Windows Server users must install Media Foundation features.

Each RC software license is limited to 32 CPU cores and 3 GPU cards. For higher configurations, more licenses must be purchased equivalently.
A computer with 4 CPU cores, 16 GB RAM and 386 CUDA cores is recommended.

Meshing, coloring and texturing are completely out-of-core in RC, which is intended to avoid RAM performance loss during these processes.

History 
The public beta version of RealityCapture was released by Slovak company Capturing Reality (founded in 2013), based in Bratislava, on 2 February 2016. However, there had also been a closed beta running for almost a year.

Staff of Capturing Reality have published in several computer vision and graphics journals and conference papers, and have had hundreds of citations.

Capturing Reality was acquired by Epic Games in March 2021; Epic plans to integrate RealityCapture into the Unreal Engine with the acquisition. The acquisition does not affect Capturing Reality's existing business and allowed them to reduce their pricing model for RealityCapture.

In late April 2024, Epic Games adjusted pricing allowing for developers making less than $1 million in gross revenue to use it for free, including students.

References

External links
SteamVR/Environments/Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry software
3D graphics software
Computer-aided design software
Acetyl nitrate. Acetyl nitrate is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)ONO2.  It is classified as the mixed anhydride of nitric and acetic acids. It is a colorless explosive liquid that fumes in moist air.

Synthesis and reactions
It was first prepared in 1907 by Amé Pictet and E. Khotynsky from acetic anhydride and dinitrogen pentoxide, fuming nitric acid can also be used:
(CH3CO)2O  +  HNO3   →  CH3C(O)ONO2  +  CH3COOH
It hydrolyzes in moist air to acetic acid and nitric acid. Alternatively, nitric acid adds to ketene.   

For aromatic nitrations, acetyl nitrate is generated in situ by mixing nitric acid with an excess of acetic anhydride in the presence of the aromatic substrate.

It acetylates amines, akin to the behavior of acetyl chloride:

References

Explosive chemicals
Nitrates
Acid anhydrides
Liquid explosives
Acetyl compounds
Neil George Safety System. The Neil George Safety System (or 5-Point Safety System) is an occupational health and safety program developed for and used in underground mining. The system was developed in 1942 by Canadian engineer Neil George, who at the time was an employee of Inco Limited in Sudbury, Ontario. The program is used throughout Canada and internationally.

The program is made up of five components, described in one of its iterations as:

 Check the entrance to work places.
 Check that the working place and equipment are in good order.
 Check that the job is being worked safely.
 Discuss a topic of safety.
 Do the employees know how to continue to work safely?

Points one through three are done by the employee, and verified by the supervisor upon arrival to the workplace. The fourth step is a safety discussion between the employee and the supervisor, while the fifth is a verification by the employee that they have the correct training, experience, and motivation to continue working safely. This is also verified by the supervisor prior to their leaving the workplace.

The general system of pre-task risk assessments has been developed independently multiple times, and as such variants on the Neil George Safety System appear under different names in different localities. A common generic name for the practice is "Take 5 for Safety".

References

Occupational safety and health
Underground mining