omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Allai Khwar Hydropower Plant. The Allai Khwar Hydropower Plant is a run-of-the-river, high head project of 687 metres, located in the Battagram District on the Allai Khwar River, a left bank tributary of the Indus River in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is approximately 245 km from the federal capital of Islamabad and 330 km from the provincial capital of Peshawar.

The total electricity generation capacity of the Allai Khwar Plant is 121 MW. There are two Pelton-type turbine based electricity generating units of 60.5 MW installed at the Allai Khwar Hydroelectric Station, with a total average annual generation yield of 463 million units (GWh) of least expensive electricity. The project was completed by the technical assistance of international corporations via a consortium between local and Chinese firms headed by Dongfang Electric, which was responsible for the civil works. The E&M works were carried out by Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria. The transmission line was laid by the North East China Electric Power Corporation with the assistance of a local firm, Imperial Construction Company (ICC) from Lahore.

Financing
The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) provided a loan of US$38.435 million from July 2009 onwards to complete the remaining works on the project. The total cost of the project is estimated to be PKR 13.8 billion. The annual benefits of the project are estimated to be around PKR 4.5 billions.

Construction
Construction of the Khan Khwar Hydropower Plant commenced in January 2005, and the project was completed in March 2013. The power house went into commercial operation on 25 March 2010. The project was officially inaugurated on 4 March 2013 by President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari. The Chinese firm handed over the project to the Water and Power Development Authority on 8 October 2013.

Dam:Type: RCCLength: 88 m.Height: 51 m.Design discharge: 29 CusecsDesign head: 687 m.

See also 

 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan
 List of power stations in Pakistan
 Khan Khwar Hydropower Project
 Satpara Dam
 Gomal Zam Dam
 Duber Khwar hydropower project

References 

Dams completed in 2012
Energy infrastructure completed in 2012
Dams in Pakistan
Hydroelectric power stations in Pakistan
Dams in the Indus River basin
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Caproni Vizzola 2. The Caproni Vizzola MF and 2 were single-seat gliders built in Italy just before World War II.  Intended as training aircraft capable of aerobatics, the two variants differed only in their fuselages. Only one of each was built, but they were both successful in Italian competitions.

Development
The Caproni Vizzola 2 was a medium performance glider, intended primarily as a training aircraft but also to be capable of aerobatics. It was designed and built by a collaboration of staff from the Caproni Vizzola works at Vizzola Ticino and the Gliding Group of Varese.

It was a high-wing monoplane, with its wing supported centrally on a fuselage pedestal and braced on each side with a faired wooden strut from the main spar at about quarter span to the lower fuselage.  The wing had a rectangular plan central section which occupied about half the span and straight-tapered, round-tipped outer panels which carried the broad chord ailerons. Only the outer panels had dihedral.  The inner section had airbrakes just behind the spar.  The empennage of the glider was conventional, with its tapered and round-tipped tailplane and elevator ahead of the rudder  The latter was broad, balanced and rounded, mounted on a small fin.

Apart from having different cross-sections, the fuselages of the two models built differed only in cockpit and undercarriage details.  The first seems to have been referred to as the Caproni Vizzola MF; the second was certainly the Caproni Vizzola 2.  In  both, the rear of the cockpit was under the wing leading edge with the pilot's head against the pedestal.  On the MF the cockpit was open with just a small windscreen but the Caproni Vizzola 2 had a deeper and longer cockpit enclosed by a framed canopy and with three small transparencies in the nose. Behind the wing the pedestal fell away gently as the fuselage tapered to the tail.  The first model had an hexagonal cross section fuselage but that of the Caparoni Vizzola 2 was smother externally and had a teardrop section.  Both were plywood skinned.  They shared the usual sprung skid undercarriage and tail bumper, though the skid on the later model was extended a little rearwards; both had a fixed monowheel below the wing.

Both aircraft were successfully flown in a large number of Italian national competitions.  After World War II the Vizzola 2 was flown by the SIAI Marchetta Gliding Club at Vergiate.

Variants
 Caproni Vizzola MF Original fuselage with hexagonal cross-section.
 Caproni Vizzola 2 Refined fuselage with teardrop cross-section.

Specifications

References

Vizzola 2
1930s Italian sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1938
High-wing aircraft
Illinois Traction Building. The Illinois Traction Building, located at 41 E. University Ave. in Champaign, Illinois, was the headquarters of the Illinois Traction System, an interurban railroad serving Central Illinois. Built in 1913, the building held the railway's offices and served as the Champaign interurban station until 1936; it later housed the offices of the Illinois Power Company, which descended from the Illinois Traction System. Architect Joseph Royer planned the building in a contemporary commercial design. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 20, 2006.

History
The Illinois Traction System was established by William B. McKinley in the 1890s and 1900s. McKinley began his system by purchasing and electrifying local streetcar lines. In 1902, the system opened its first interurban line between Champaign and St. Joseph, and by 1911 it linked most major cities in Central Illinois, as well as St. Louis, Missouri. The company built the Illinois Traction Building in 1913 to replace its previous Champaign station; the new building had a central location and office space for the company. In 1928, the Illinois Traction System became part of the Illinois Terminal Railroad; its utility division became the Illinois Power and Light Company and maintained offices in the Traction Building. Streetcar service to the building ended in 1936, when a new owner replaced the lines with bus service; while interurban trains continued to serve Champaign, they stopped at a different station. The building continued to house the utility company, which became known as the Illinois Power Company, until it moved to a different building in 1985.

Architecture
Architect Joseph Royer designed the Illinois Traction Building in a contemporary commercial style. The building was a departure from Royer's previous work, which was primarily done in rustic or massive styles such as Romanesque. The three-story building is built from red brick and has terra cotta detailing. Four piers divide the three-bay front facade; the two side bays are slightly bowed. Terra cotta medallions top each pier, and scrolled shields on the piers mark the top of the first floor. The windows on each floor feature terra cotta sills and lintels. The building's original terra cotta cornice has been replaced by a white brick pediment.

References
Notes

External links

Transport infrastructure completed in 1913
Buildings and structures in Champaign, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Champaign County, Illinois
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
1913 establishments in Illinois
Chih-Kong Ken Yang. Chih-Kong Ken Yang (; born August 17, 1970) is a Taiwanese electrical engineer. He is a  professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Director of the Integrated Circuits and Systems Laboratories (ICSL), and co-founder of Pluribus Networks, Inc.

Research 
His research interests are in the area of high-performance digital and mixed-signal circuit design and high-performance networking. Research areas include the design of high-speed data and clock-recovery circuits for large VLSI systems, design of low-power, high-performance computing building blocks, high-voltage drivers for MEMs applications, power optimization of computing systems, and analog-circuit power optimization for nanometer scale devices.

Honors and awards 
 IEEE Fellow, 2011

References

1970 births
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
Living people
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
Stanford University alumni
People from San Jose, California
Sorena Sattari. Sorena Sattari  (; born 1972) is an Iranian scientist, inventor. He was the vice president of science and technology, under President Hassan Rouhani and Ebrahim Raisi from 2013 to 2022.

Education
Sattari received a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Iran.

References

External links
 https://archive.today/20131106024143/http://theiranproject.com/blog/tag/vice-president-for-science-and-technology-affairs-sorena-sattari/
 http://www.irandailybrief.com/2013/10/07/vp-for-science-and-technology-appointed/
 https://archive.today/20131106024048/http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/111295-rouhani-appoints-vice-president-for-scientific-affairs-
 http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13920707001156
 http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Sattari-Sorena/15256108

1972 births
Living people
Politicians from Tehran
Sharif University of Technology alumni
Vice presidents of Iran
Iranian mechanical engineers
20th-century Iranian engineers
21st-century Iranian engineers
William Allan McInnes Green. William Allan McInnes Green or W. A. McI. Green (24 January 1896 – 5 September 1972) was a civil engineer and town clerk at Perth, Western Australia from 1937 to 1966. He was credited by Professor Martyn Webb with being "Western Australia's most experienced, qualified and versatile local government officer". As an engineer he was quick to grasp essentials, as an architect he had a flair for seeing things as a whole, and as an administrator he believed in thorough preparation and research. He was either the designer or the adviser for practically every building constructed by the city council between 1944 and 1966. In 1963 he was appointed C.M.G. His appointment was extended to 1966, by when he was three years beyond the stipulated age for retirement.

Early life and education
Green was born in Adelaide, South Australia where his father, Thompson Green, a riveter, was a sometime state parliamentarian and local-government representative. His mother's maiden name was Margaret Kelly. The boy was educated at Adelaide High School and first employed as a railway draughtsman. During World War II, he served with the First Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front (1917–18). At age 24, he enrolled at the South Australian School of Mines and Industries before graduating at the University of Adelaide as a civil engineer (B.Eng. 1928).

Career
In 1932 he married Edyth Thomas in Adelaide, and was working under the chief engineer of South Australian Railways. He later became design engineer to the Adelaide City Council, and had a term in Tasmania, as assistant city engineer to the Launceston City Council. Green was appointed in 1937 to the post of City Architect in Perth, where he remained for the rest of his life. His appointment as Town Clerk was made in August 1944.

References

1972 deaths
1896 births
People from Perth, Western Australia
Australian urban planners
Australian civil engineers
University of Adelaide alumni
Smack (software). Smack (full name: Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel) is a Linux kernel security module that protects data and process interaction from malicious manipulation using a set of custom mandatory access control (MAC) rules, with simplicity as its main design goal. It has been officially merged since the Linux 2.6.25 release,  it was the main access control mechanism for the MeeGo mobile Operating System. It is also used to sandbox HTML5 web applications in the Tizen architecture, in the commercial Wind River Linux solutions for embedded device development, in Philips Digital TV products., and in Intel's Ostro OS for IoT devices.

Since 2016, Smack is required in all Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) implementations where it provides in association with other Linux facilities the base for the AGL security framework.

Design
Smack consists of three components:
A kernel module that is implemented as a Linux Security Module. It  works best with file systems that support extended attributes.
A startup script that ensures that device files have the correct Smack attributes and loads the Smack configuration.
A set of patches to the GNU Core Utilities package to make it aware of Smack extended file attributes. A set of similar patches to Busybox were also created. SMACK does not require user-space support.

Criticism
Smack has been criticized for being written as a new LSM module instead of an SELinux security policy which can provide equivalent functionality. Such SELinux policies have been proposed, but none had been demonstrated. Smack's author replied that it would not be practical due to SELinux's complicated configuration syntax and the philosophical difference between Smack and SELinux designs.

References

Further reading

 

2008 software
Linux kernel features
Linux security software
David Carmichael (railway engineer). David Carmichael was a Scottish railway engineer, born in Dundee c. 1818. He died in Dundee on 5 April 1895, aged 77.

Life

He was the son of the engineer James Carmichael (1776-1853) who operated an engineering company with David's uncle, Charles Carmichael (1782-1843).

He was raised at his father's house at Fleuchar Craig but then lived independently at Cherryfield Cottage in Dundee.

As a mechanical engineer, he was linked to his father's firm of James Carmichael & Co (later renamed Ward Foundry), builders of one of the first railway locomotives in Scotland in 1833. This  engine - the Earl of Airlie - was an 0-2-4 for the Dundee and Newtyle Railway and the first British locomotive to have a bogie (a wheeled wagon or truck attached to the railway engine). Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-2-4 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and four trailing wheels on two axles. This is a most unusual wheel arrangement, with the only known examples being three locomotives, all supplied to the Dundee and Newtyle Railway by J. Carmichael in 1833.

Carmichael was the third son of Charles Carmichael, who developed and introduced a valve gear modification of a single fixed eccentric (the valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder at the correct point in the cycle) in 1818. He was apprenticed at his father's works before moving to Bristol as a draughtsman, and later to the dockyard at Woolwich. He returned to Dundee in 1849 to join his cousin George Carmichael at Ward Foundry. The Foundry closed in 1929. The Railwayman's Club at Guthrie Street, Dundee, is on the site of the former Ward Foundry offices and is now a listed building.

References

1810s births
1895 deaths
People from Dundee
Engineers from Dundee
SL Ginga. The  was a steam-hauled "Joyful Train" (excursion train) operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) primarily on the Kamaishi Line in the north-east Tohoku Region of Japan from April 2014 to June 2023. The train consisted of restored JNR Class C58 steam locomotive number C58 239 together with four rebuilt former KiHa 141 series diesel cars purchased from JR Hokkaido (themselves rebuilt from earlier 50 series passenger coaches and made surplus to requirements following the electrification of the Sasshō Line in 2012). The diesel cars provided additional power to cope with the line's gradients.

Design
The exterior and interior design of the train was overseen by industrial designer Ken Okuyama. The overall concept was inspired by the classic novel Night on the Galactic Railroad written by Japanese author Kenji Miyazawa, who lived in Hanamaki, Iwate. Externally, the coaches were painted blue, evoking the night sky, with constellation and animal designs on the sides. Internally, the coaches featured gaslight-style lighting and stained glass, evoking an early 20th-century atmosphere.

Train formation

The train consisted of JNR Class C58 steam locomotive number C58 239 and four coaches, formed as follows. The four coaches provide a total seating capacity of approximately 180.

C58 239

The dedicated SL Ginga train locomotive C58 239 was built in June 1940 by Kawasaki Sharyo, and was based at various depots around the country, including Nagoya, Nara, and Morioka, before being withdrawn on 22 May 1972. From 1 May 1973, it was preserved in a park in Morioka, Iwate. It was moved from the park by road to JR East's Omiya Works in Saitama Prefecture in December 2012.

History
The completed train was shown off to the public at Morioka Station on 2 February 2014. It entered revenue service on 12 April 2014.

It was announced in 2021 that the service would be withdrawn in spring 2023 due to the increasing age and deterioration of the KiHa 141 passenger cars.  The train made its final run on 11 June 2023 to throngs of railway enthusiasts and locals bidding it farewell.  The future for the locomotive currently remains uncertain.

References

External links

  

Named passenger trains of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Railway services introduced in 2014
Railway coaches of Japan
2014 establishments in Japan
HESA Hamaseh. The HESA Hamaseh () is an Iranian tactical and reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with high flight endurance built by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA). The Hamaseh was unveiled in 2013 and entered service in 2016.

Design 
The Hamaseh is a single engine, twin-boom UAV. The UAV features a bulbous forward radome; this was later reduced in size as the UAV was developed. The Hamaseh entered service with Iran in 2016.

The Hamaseh can carry up to 185 kg of fuel, equipment, and payload, and has an endurance of up to 11 hours depending on configuration. It is launched via runway takeoff or JATO, and is recovered by runway landing or, in emergencies, a parachute. The Hamaseh can follow pre-determined waypoints to control its flight. Its powerplant is unknown.

The Hamaseh can carry synthetic aperture radar, radar or communications jammers, and a camera. For weapons, it can carry small bombs, grenades, or rockets.

Operational history 

The Hamaseh drone was unveiled on 9 May 2013. Ahmad Vahidi, Iran's defense minister, claimed the drone "with its stealth quality can avoid detection by the enemy." The Hamaseh was also claimed to be a High-Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) platform, despite being a tactical UAV. The Hamaseh at its unveiling ceremony was "equipped" with what appeared to be munitions, but they were physically bolted to the wings, not mounted on hardpoints.

The Hamaseh was first used during military exercises by the IRGC Ground Forces in April 2016. 

In 2017 HESA offered the Hamaseh for export.

Operators

 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Specifications

References

 

Unmanned military aircraft of Iran
Iranian military aircraft
Aircraft manufactured in Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
Post–Cold War military equipment of Iran
Unmanned aerial vehicles of Iran
Weapons of Iran
Unmanned military aircraft
HESA aircraft
Industry in Iran
Unmanned aerial vehicles
CGCOC Group. CGCOC Group Co., Ltd. () formerly known as CGC Overseas Construction Group Co., Ltd. () is a Chinese construction company that ranks among the 100 largest contractors based on international projects according to the annual Engineering News Record ranking.

History
The predecessor of CGCOC Group was founded by  in 1983 as CGC Nigeria Ltd.. In 2002 other investors were introduced in the incorporation of CGC Overseas Construction Group Co., Ltd., which CGC Nigeria became part of the business group.

Shareholders
CGCOC Group was founded by  (a wholly owned subsidiary of Sinopec Group), China Geo-Engineering Corporation (CGC), and other shareholders in 2002. As at 31 December 2015, Sinopec Star Petroleum owned 40.7% stake, China Geo-Engineering Corporation owned 13.333% stake, Shanxi Bureau of Geology Exploration () owned 4.375% stake, 13th Construction Co., Ltd. of China National Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. owned 1.04% stake, as well as many natural person.

Construction projects
The company carries out projects across Africa and in other markets.  In Cameroon, the company signed a deal in December 2007 to increase water production and distribution in Douala from 115,00 to 260,000 cubic meters in a year by constructing pipe networks, wells and a potable water treatment plant.

One of the company's substantial businesses in Africa is road building in Ethiopia. In the period from 2005 to 2006, the company was awarded about $276 million in Ethiopian road projects.  These projects included the Dodola Junction-Goba and Dera-Gololcha Mechara roads located in Oromia.

References

External links

 

Construction and civil engineering companies of China
Government-owned companies of China
Sinopec
Chinese companies established in 1983
Chinese companies established in 2002
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1983
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 2002
Scandium triiodide. Scandium triiodide, also known as scandium iodide, is an inorganic compound with the formula ScI3 and is classified as a lanthanide iodide. This salt is a yellowish powder.  It is used in metal halide lamps together with similar compounds, such as caesium iodide, because of their ability to maximize emission of UV and to prolong bulb life. The maximized UV emission can be tuned to a range that can initiate photopolymerizations. 
 
Scandium triiodide adopts a structure similar to that of iron trichloride (FeCl3), crystallizing into a rhombohedral lattice. Scandium has a coordination number of 6, while iodine has a coordination number of 3 and is trigonal pyramidal.

The purest scandium triiodide is obtained through direct reaction of the elements: 
 2 Sc  +  3 I2   →    2 ScI3
Alternatively, but less effectively, one can produce anhydrous scandium triiodide by dehydrating ScI3(H2O)6.

Further information
Tomasz Mioduski, Cezary Gumiski, and Dewen Zeng "Rare Earth Metal Iodides and Bromides in Water and Aqueous Systems. Part 1. Iodides" Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 2012, vol. 41, 013104-1 to  013104-63.

References

Scandium compounds
Iodides
Metal halides
Subbiah Arunan. Subbiah Arunan  is an Indian scientist and Padma Shri awardee, known for his role in the Mars Orbiter Mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). He finished his schooling in St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Vikramasingapuram in Tirunelveli Dist. He was born in Kothaiseri, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu and completed his Mechanical engineering from Coimbatore Institute of Technology.

In 1984, he started his career in Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. He is the project director of Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013. He is married to Geetha Arunan, the daughter of fellow ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan.

References

Living people
Indian aerospace engineers
Indian Space Research Organisation people
Scientists from Tamil Nadu
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
People from Tirunelveli district
20th-century Indian engineers
Year of birth missing (living people)
List of fuel cell manufacturers. A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. Fuel cells differ from batteries in that they are designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed.

This is a partial list of companies currently producing commercially available fuel cell systems for use in residential, commercial, or industrial settings. Fuel cell systems from these manufacturers are currently being used to generate AC or DC electricity, heat, water, or any combination of the three.

References 

Fuel cells
Hydrogen
Lists of manufacturers