omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
John Churin. John Churin is Chief Technology Officer for Tolven. He is well known in the industry as the original developer and architect for the ALL-IN-1 office-automation product suite in 1977 while working for Digital Equipment Corporation
.

References

Bibliography 

 Tony Redmond. ALL-IN-1: A Technical Odyssey. Digital Press, Elsevier 1991. .
 Tony Redmond. ALL-IN-1: For System Managers and Application Developers. Digital Press, Elsevier 1993. .
 Tony Redmond. ALL-IN-1: Managing and Programming in V3.0. Digital Press, Elsevier 1995. .

Living people
Digital Equipment Corporation people
Chief technology officers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lindleyspoort Dam. Lindleyspoort Dam is a concrete arch type dam located on the Elands River, near Swartruggens, North West, South Africa. It was established in 1943 and has been renovated in 1968. The main purpose of the dam is to serve for irrigation and its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

See also
List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa
List of rivers of South Africa

References 

 List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)

Dams in South Africa
Buildings and structures in North West (South African province)
Dams completed in 1943
Interface logic model. In electronics, the interface logic model (ILM) is a technique to model blocks in hierarchal VLSI implementation flow. It is a gate level model of a physical block where only the connections from the inputs to the first stage of flip-flops, and the connections from the last stage of flip-flops to the outputs are in the model, including the flip-flops and the clock tree driving these flip-flops. All other internal flip-flop to flip-flop paths are stripped out of the ILM.

The advantage of ILM is that the entire path (clock to clock path) is visible at top level for interface nets, unlike traditional block-based hierarchal implementation flow. This gives better accuracy in analysis for interface nets at negligible additional memory and runtime overhead.

References

External links
Introduction to Physical Compiler and ILM Flow

Integrated circuits
Conceptual models
PForth. pForth (Portable Forth) is a portable implementation of the Forth programming language written in ANSI C. It differs from the other distributions of Forth in that it strives for portability over performance.

The pForth implementation of Forth is an open source programming language.

History
PForth started out as HForth, which was used in connection with the Hierarchical Music Specification Language, a music experimentation language developed by Phil Burk, Larry Polansky and David Rosenboom. Phil Burk ported the HForth kernel to C when he moved to the 3DO company. The newly ported Forth at 3DO had to run on many different systems including SUN, SGI, Macintosh, PC, Amiga, the 3DO ARM based Opera system, and the 3DO PowerPC based M2 system.

License
Originally pForth was released to the public domain with a custom release and disclaimer of no warranty but in 2020, it was relicensed under the zero-clause BSD license, which is a public-domain-equivalent license.

References

External links 
 Official Homepage
 pForth on GitHub
 pForth for Max OS X
 pForth for Debian
 pForth for MVS : MVS on the IBM System/370 is an EBCDIC platform.

Concatenative programming languages
Forth programming language family
Public-domain software with source code
Forth implementations
International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine. The International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) is an international non-governmental organization - the umbrella organization for the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) and International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE).

IUPESM was established in 1980, following a discussion during the Combined Meeting of the 12th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and 5th International Conference on Medical Physics held in Jerusalem in 1979. In 1983 IUPESM became an associate member and in 1999 a full member of the International Science Council (former International Council for Science, ICSU).

International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) 
The International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) is a federation of national and transnational societies.

Health and Technology journal 
Health and Technology is the official journal of the IUPESM.

References

Members of the International Council for Science
Medical physics organizations
Members of the International Science Council
Marriott Ogle Tarbotton. Marriott Ogle Tarbotton MICE, FGS, FRMS, was born in Leeds on 6 December 1834 and died in Nottingham on 6 March 1887. He was Borough Engineer for Nottingham from 1859.

Career

Tarbotton was Borough Engineer at Wakefield from 1855 until he was appointed to the same position in Nottingham in 1859, a position he held until 1880 when he was succeeded by his assistant Arthur Brown.

He was awarded membership in the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1862. 

He culverted the River Leen, a source of disease outbreaks. He also planned and oversaw the construction of the underground sewerage system for the city, the first outside London.

He was responsible for the design of Trent Bridge and Papplewick Pumping Station.

He was engineer to the Nottingham Gas Company.

In 1866 he provided a viaduct over the Midland Railway on Carrington Street, Nottingham.

He was a member of the British Meteorological Society and published detailed weather observations in Nottingham over 12 years.

Personal life

Tarbotton was the eldest son of Samuel Tarbotton (1801 - 1850), Druggist and Drysalter and his wife Grace Ogle (1802-1884).

He married Emma Maria Stanfield (ca. 1832 - 1915) on 8 September 1857.

They had children:
Minnie Grace Tarbotton 1861 - 1920 (married Micaiah John Muller Hill) first son of Revd. Samuel John Hill
Lilian Mary Tarbotton 1863 - 1931 (married Samuel Charles Hill) second son of Revd. Samuel John Hill
Harold Ogle Tarbotton 1869 - 1947

In 1851 he was living in Northallerton in the house of Harry J Hebert (Civil Engineer). In 1871 he was living at 30 Newstead Grove in Nottingham. By 1881 he was living in South Road, The Park, Nottingham.

References

1834 births
1887 deaths
British civil engineers
English civil engineers
People from Leeds
Engineers from Yorkshire
Waffle fabric. Waffle fabric, also known as honeycomb fabric, has raised threads that form small rectangles. It can be made by either weaving or knitting. Waffle weave is a further exploitation of plain weave and twill weave which produces a three-dimensional effect. The combination of warp and weft floats creates the structure. It is woven partly on tabby areas surrounded by ridges of long floats. The weave consists of warp and weft floats arranged around a plain weave center. The warp and weft threads are interlaced and floating in a way that creates small square ridges and hollows in the fabric in a regular pattern.

The surface of the fabric has a texture that looks like a waffle, hence the name.

Waffle fabric can also be made on a double jersey knitting machine by selecting the needle position for knitting and tucking the loops for the formation of the structure similar to floating warps and weft in weaving. The knitted waffle can be produced in two variants: big waffle and mini waffle; it is also known as thermal fabric.

Characteristics 
The "face" is a weaver's term that refers to whether the warp or weft dominates the fabric. The three-dimensional face/texture of waffle make it more absorbent and a useful fabric. Waffle fabric is usually made of cotton or microfibre and is woven in a way that makes it very absorbent. The waffle weave also allows air to flow through the fabric so that it dries quickly. Waffle fabrics are made in a range of weights.

Uses 
Waffle fabric is used in apparel, bathrobes, dish towels, and wipes for cleaning surfaces. The texture makes it more absorbent.

Citations 

Woven fabrics
Knitted fabrics
Werner von Bolton. Werner von Bolton (8 April 1868 – 28 October 1912) was a German chemist and materials scientist. He devised a technique for producing filaments for incandescent light bulb made out of tantalum in 1902.

Life

Werner von Bolton was born in Tiflis, Russian Empire. He went on to study Chemistry at the Technische Hochschule Berlin and in Leipzig. Post-Graduation, von Bolton worked at the company Siemens & Halske in Berlin. In 1895 he achieved his doctorate.

In 1902 von Bolton detected the benefits of using Tantalum as a material in the production of filaments. Tantalum allowed for a greater luminosity with lower energy consumption when compared with previous alternatives such as coal.

In 1905, Siemens & Halske awarded von Bolton the position of director of the first central laboratory of the company, later the Physics and Chemistry laboratory.

After 1910, the bulbs with a tantalum filament were replaced by those with a tungsten filament.

Von Bolton died in Berlin on 28 October 1912. He is honoured with the Boltonstraße, a street named after him in Siemensstadt, an area of Berlin's Spandau district.

References

External links
Siemens: Scientists and engineers
Lexicon Siemensstadt: Werner von Bolton

1868 births
1912 deaths
19th-century German chemists
German materials scientists
Scientists from Tbilisi
20th-century German chemists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the German Empire
Gforth. Gforth is a free and portable implementation of the Forth programming language for Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems. A primary goal of Gforth is to adhere to the ANS Forth standard. Gforth is free software as part of the GNU Project.

History
The Gforth project was started in mid-1992 by Bernd Paysan and Anton Ertl. Gforth descends from bigFORTH and fig-Forth Gforth is fully ANS FORTH compliant.

References

External links 
 Gforth - Free Software Directory
 

Concatenative programming languages
Forth programming language family
GNU Project software
Free software programmed in C
Free and open source interpreters
Forth implementations
Open skies (disambiguation). Open skies refers to various aviation laws jointly called "freedoms of the air".

It may also refer to:

Entertainment
 Fliers of the Open Skies, 1977 Croatian film directed by Marijan Arhanić
 Open Skies, Closed Minds, 1999 book on UFOs by Nick Pope
 Rip Open the Skies, 2006 album by the Christian rock band Remedy Drive
 Open Skies (song), 2008 Reamonn song

Aviation policy
 ASEAN Open Skies, aviation policy
 EU–US Open Skies Agreement, 2008 EU-US aviation pact
 Treaty on Open Skies, 2002

Other uses
 OpenSkies, British Airways subsidiary airline
 OC-135B Open Skies, reconnaissance aircraft utilized by the U.S. Air Force

See also
 Open Sky (disambiguation)
Pagodane. Pagodane is an organic compound with formula  whose carbon skeleton was said to resemble a pagoda, hence the name. It is a polycyclic hydrocarbon whose molecule has the D2h point symmetry group. The compound is a highly crystalline solid that melts at 243 °C, is barely soluble in most organic solvents and moderately soluble in benzene and chloroform. It sublimes at low pressure.

The name pagodane is used more generally for any member of a family of compounds whose molecular skeletons have the same 16-carbon central cage as the basic compound. Each member can be seen as the result of connecting eight atoms of this cage in pairs by four alkane chains. The general member is denoted [m.n.p.q]pagodane where m, n, p and q are the number of carbons of those four chains. The general formula is then  where s= m+n+p+q. In particular, the basic compound  has those carbons connected by four methylene bridges (m=n=p=q=1), and its name within that family is therefore [1.1.1.1]pagodane.

Synthesis and structure
The compound was first synthesized by Horst Prinzbach and his associates in 1987, by a 14-step sequence starting from isodrin. In the process they also synthesized [2.2.1.1]pagodane  and several derivatives.

Prinzbach remarked that "the obvious need for [the short name 'pagodane'] can be readily understood in view of the von Baeyer/IUPAC and Chemical Abstracts nomenclature", undecacyclo[9.9.0.01,5.02,12.02,18.03,7.06,10.08,12.011,15.013,17.016,20]icosane.

In carbon skeleton of pagodane, there can be distinguished many propellane-type fragments.

The overall synthesis can be summarized as follows:

The scheme depicted here may be shortened to 14 one-pot operations with 24% overall yield. Yet, this variation requires the use of tetrachlorothiophenedioxide instead of tetrachloro-dimethoxycyclopentadiene in two of the early steps. While fewer steps and higher yield look attractive at first sight, this approach had to be given up due to high cost and restricted availability of the dioxide.

Derivatives
Several derivatives are available, such as the diketone  (melting point about 322 °C).

Both [1.1.1.1]pagodane and [2.2.1.1]pagodane form dications in /. In these cations the electron deficiency is spread over the central cyclobutane ring. These dications were the first examples to show the phenomenon of σ-bishomoaromaticity which was subsequently studied by the Prinzbach group to great length.

Pagodane is an isomer of dodecahedrane and can be chemically converted to it.

See also 

 List of chemical compounds with unusual names

References

Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons
Cyclobutanes
Substances discovered in the 1980s
Roswell Gardinier Benedict. Roswell Gardinier Benedict (9 December 1815 – 5 February 1859) was a civil engineer. In his career in both Canada and the United States, he worked on numerous American and Canadian railway projects, as well as the construction of the Second Welland Canal. Ultimately, he came to serve as the chief engineer on the Great Western Railway of Canada. He was notable for his association with Samuel Zimmerman, construction contractor for the railway, with whom he had worked on the Welland Canal. Together and with others, they formed part of a tight-knit group of American engineers and contractors who exerted a strong degree of operational control over the Great Western after supplanting the original Hamilton-based promoter of the railway, Sir Allan MacNab, who was a rival of Zimmerman.

Biography

Benedict was born on December 9, 1815, possibly in Saratoga Springs, New York, the son of Daniel Davis Benedict and Phoebe Hedges. He began his career as a civil engineer around 1833, working on railways in New York and Ohio.

Benedict's professional career was mainly spent in railway construction although his first significant project involved construction on the Welland Canal. He formed an association there with a contractor, Samuel Zimmerman, which would continue until Zimmerman's death in 1857.

Benedict had acquired extensive railway-building experience in the United States before coming to Canada. After his time on the Canal project, he became assistant to the chief engineer of the Great Western Railroad in 1847 and then chief engineer four years later.

References 

 

19th-century Canadian businesspeople
1815 births
1859 deaths
Bréguet 470 Fulgur. The Bréguet 470 Fulgur was a French airliner of the 1930s. Only a single example of the twin-engined monoplane was built, this being sold to the Spanish Republican government during the Spanish Civil War.

Development and design
In the early 1930s, the French company Breguet Aviation started design of a twin-engined transport aircraft, sharing the wing design with the Breguet 460 military multi-purpose aircraft, and the Breguet 462 bomber. A mockup of the initial design, designated Breguet 46T, was displayed at the 1934 Paris Air Show. The new design, named Fulgur, and redesignated Breguet 470 T12 before the prototype was completed, was a low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction, accommodating 12 passengers. It had a retractable tailwheel undercarriage and was powered by two Gnome-Rhône 14K radial engines.

The Fulgur made its first flight on 5 March 1936, and soon displayed a maximum speed of , leading it to be described as the fastest commercial transport in the world.

Operational history
The prototype Breguet 470 was entered in the 1936 Paris–Saigon–Paris race, with the hope of winning a large cash prize (1,800,000 Francs), and a promise that the winner would be purchased by the French Air Ministry. The 470 departed Paris on 25 October, reaching India before dropping out due to mechanical problems. It was re-engined with more powerful, 937 hp (699 kW) Gnome-Rhône 14N radials in 1937 before being entered in that year's Istres–Damascus–Paris race, finishing fifth in a time of 21:03 hours, with demilitarised Savoia-Marchetti SM.79s bombers occupying the first three places and a de Havilland Comet racer finishing fourth.

No further production followed, and the prototype was sold to the Spanish Republican government at the time of the Spanish Civil War. It was painted dark green, but the paint peeled in many places, giving the plane a scruffy look. The aircraft was used mainly for LAPE flights between Barcelona and Toulouse, although the Spanish Republican Air Force occasionally used it as a military transport as well. It escaped to France following the surrender of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces. The aircraft then was scrapped.

Operators

LAPE (Líneas Aéreas Postales Españolas)

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

"The Exhibits Described:Large Civil Machines". Flight, 22 November 1934. p. 1238
"Marseilles–Damascus-Paris". Flight 26 August 1937, pp. 204–207
"Paris–Saigon–Perhaps". Flight 29 October 1936, p. 445
"Plane Facts: The Unique Fulgur". Air International, June 1984, Vol. 26, No. 5. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 306–307

External links

Aviafrance
Breguet 470 - Airwar

1930s French airliners
 0470
Low-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear
ISTY. The Institut des Sciences et Techniques des Yvelines or ISTY is a French public engineering school specialized in the field of computer science and mechatronics, attached to the Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University.

References

External links 
 

Grandes écoles
Educational institutions established in 1992
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University
1992 establishments in France
Percy Deift. Percy Alec Deift (born September 10, 1945) is a mathematician known for his work on spectral theory, integrable systems, random matrix theory and Riemann–Hilbert problems.

Life
Deift was born in Durban, South Africa, where he obtained degrees in chemical engineering, physics, and mathematics, and received a Ph.D. in mathematical physics from Princeton University in 1977. He is a Silver Professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University.

Honors and awards
Deift is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society (elected 2012), a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected 2003), and of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (elected 2009).

He is a co-winner of the 1998 Pólya Prize,
and was named a Guggenheim Fellow in 1999. He gave an invited address at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin in 1998 and plenary addresses in 2006 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid and at the International Congress on Mathematical Physics in Rio de Janeiro. Deift gave the Gibbs Lecture at the Joint Meeting of the American Mathematical Society in 2009.  Along with Michael Aizenman and Giovanni Gallavotti, he won the Henri Poincare Prize in 2018.

Selected works
 with Eugene Trubowitz: Inverse scattering on the line, Communications in pure and applied Mathematics, vol. 32, 1979, pp. 121–251 
 with Fernando Lund, E. Trubowitz: 
 with Richard Beals, Carlos Tomei: Direct and inverse scattering on the line, AMS, 1988
 with Luen-Chau Li, C. Tomei: Loop groups, discrete versions of some classical integrable systems, and rank 2 extensions, AMS, 1992
 with K. T-R McLaughlin: A continuum limit of the Toda lattice, AMS, 1998
 Orthogonal polynomials and random matrices: a Riemann-Hilbert approach, AMS (American Mathematical Society), 2000 (and Courant Institute, 1999)
 with Dmitri Gioev: Random matrix theory: invariant embeddings and universality, AMS, 2009
 with Jinho Baik  and Toufic Suidan

See also
Riemann–Hilbert problems
random matrix theory
integrable systems

References

External links
Percy Deift personal webpage, Courant Institute, New York University
Percy Alec Deift, Mathematics Genealogy Project

1945 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
South African mathematicians
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Princeton University alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
Living people
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Wittman Buttercup. The Wittman W-5 Buttercup is a two place aircraft designed and built by Steve Wittman in 1938. Designated as the Buttercup Model W, the original aircraft is housed in the Experimental Aircraft Association, EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, WI.

The Buttercup was considered as the basis for a four place certified production model by Fairchild Aircraft. Fairchild executives were impressed with the aircraft that chance landed at their factory airport in Hagerstown, Maryland. Wittman sold production rights, but Fairchild did not pursue the effort due to wartime production obligations. 

Experimental Aircraft Association member Earl Luce Jr. developed a replica Buttercup design, which first flew on April 14, 2002. He made a set of plans for his design, available for home builders.  On 28 May 2023, 70-year-old Earl Luce Jr., said to be an excellent pilot, and his passenger were killed when the buttercup crashed as he was flying over Orleans County, New York, US.

Specifications (1938 Wittman Buttercup - Model W - N18268)

References

External links 

 Experimental Aircraft Association Web site 
 LuceAir - The Homebuilt Rag & Tube Aircraft Experts
 EAA AirVenture Museum
 Buttercup Building Log

Homebuilt aircraft
Buttercup
Aircraft first flown in 1938
Single-engined tractor aircraft
High-wing aircraft
United States sport aircraft
List of power stations in Germany. This page lists most of the power stations in the electricity sector in Germany. For traction current, see List of installations for 15 kV AC railway electrification in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Coal, gas, oil, waste
As of July 2023, Germany still had 58 active coal power plants.

Hydroelectric

Pumped-storage hydroelectric

Wind power

Photovoltaic

Nuclear 
Under the Atomic Energy Act, the last three nuclear energy plants were shut down by April 2023.

See also 

 List of power stations in Europe
 List of largest power stations in the world

External links
 Map of large CHP Plants under construction / in planning. Source: Enerlytics Press Release Dec. 12 2011 
 Map of new coal and natural gas power plants in planning . Source: Enerlytics Kraftwerke Invest May 18 2012

References 

Germany

Lists of buildings and structures in Germany
List of power stations in the Netherlands. The following page lists all power stations in Netherlands.

Nuclear

Fossil

Active power stations

Closed power stations

Wind

Megawatt electric (MWe)
It is the electric output of a power plant in megawatt. The electric output of a power plant is equal to the thermal overall power multiplied by the efficiency of the plant. The power plant efficiency of light water reactors amounts to 33 to 35% compared to up to 40% for modern coal-, oil- or gas-fired power plants.

See also 

 List of power stations in Europe
 List of largest power stations in the world

References

Netherlands
 
Lists of buildings and structures in the Netherlands