omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
Video Core Next. Video Core Next is AMD's brand for its dedicated video encoding and decoding hardware core. It is a family of hardware accelerator designs for encoding and decoding video, and is built into AMD's GPUs and APUs since AMD Raven Ridge, released January 2018.

Background
Video Core Next is AMD's successor to both the Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine designs, which are hardware accelerators for video decoding and encoding, respectively. It can be used to decode, encode and transcode ("sync") video streams, for example, a DVD or Blu-ray Disc to a format appropriate to, for example, a smartphone. Unlike video encoding on a CPU or a general-purpose GPU, Video Core Next is a dedicated hardware core on the processor die. This application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) allows for more power-efficient video processing.

Feature set
All versions of VCN support: MPEG-2 Decode, MPEG-4 Decode, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Encode/Decode, HEVC (H.265) Encode/Decode, and VP9 Decode. 10-bit color depth in the P010 format is supported. VCN 1.0 supports up to 4K resolution. VCN 2.0 and beyond supports up to 8K. Support for H.264 and H.265 Encode methods differ among generations (see below). VC-1 Decode is supported until VCN 3.0.33.

VCN 2.0 is implemented with Navi products and the Renoir APU. The feature set remains the same as VCN 1.0.

VCN 3.0 is implemented with Navi 2 products. VCN 3.0 implements H.264 B-frames, which was present in Video Coding Engine 2.0 but taken out with VCE 3.0.

VCN 4.0 adds AV1 encode. H.264 quality is higher with VCN 4.0 (as part of RDNA 3) compared to previous generations, but still lags behind Intel and Nvidia hardware codecs.

There is no support for encoding or decoding in YUV422 and YUV444 in H.264 and H.265.

Quality 
AMD VCN has lower overall quality (VMAF) compared to offerings from Intel and Nvidia. B-frame narrows the gap, but does not eliminate it. With pre-analysis enabled too, the gap is almost closed.

Despite a lack of B-frame support, H.265 provides better quality (VMAF) and near-identical speed for the same bitrate compared to H.264 on VCN 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0.

See also

Video hardware technologies

Nvidia 

 PureVideo - Nvidia
 GeForce 256's Motion Compensation
 High-Definition Video Processor
 Video Processing Engine
Nvidia NVENC
Nvidia NVDEC

AMD 

 Video Core Next - AMD
 Video Coding Engine - AMD
 Unified Video Decoder - AMD
 Video Shader - ATI

Intel 

 Quick Sync Video - Intel
 Clear Video - Intel
Qualcomm

 Qualcomm Hexagon

References

External links
 AMF, AMD's software API for VCN and earlier media functions. Release notes indicates feature additions without mentioning hardware versions.
 VCEEnc, a command-line program exposing most configurable options from AMF. Allows HDR10+ with VCN H.265.
 FastFlix, a graphical frontend for VCEEnc and other encoders.

Video acceleration
AMD IP cores
Video compression and decompression ASIC
Innovator Mosquito Air. The Innovator Mosquito Air is a Canadian helicopter produced by Innovator Technologies of Rockyview, Alberta. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Mosquito Air was designed to comply with the United States FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The aircraft has a standard empty weight of . It features a single main rotor and tail rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, skid landing gear and a two-cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke  Zanzottera MZ 202 engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from bolted-together 6061-T6 aluminium tubing, with a carbon fibre tail boom and support struts. Its two-bladed rotor has a diameter of  and a chord of . The cyclic control is routed via the centre of the rotor mast and the main rotor transmission is a poly "V" belt. The aircraft has a typical empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for the pilot and baggage is .

Reviewer Werner Pfaendler describes the design as "simple, but intelligent and reliable".

The Mosquito Air is the basis for the enclosed cockpit Mosquito XE.

Specifications (Mosquito Air)

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

External links

Mosquito Air
Homebuilt aircraft
Canadian helicopters
Single-engined piston helicopters
Progress M-14. Progress M-14 (), was a Russian uncrewed Progress cargo spacecraft which was launched in 1992 to resupply the Mir space station. The spacecraft was modified to transport the first VDU propulsion unit to Mir. Progress M-14 also carried the sixth VBK-Raduga capsule, which was recovered after the flight.

Launch
Progress M-14 launched on 15 August 1992 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It used a Soyuz-U2 rocket.

Docking
Progress M-14 docked with Mir on 18 August 1992 at 00:20:48 GMT.

See also

1992 in spaceflight
List of Progress flights
List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir

References

Progress (spacecraft) missions
1992 in spaceflight
Spacecraft launched in 1992
1992 in Russia
Synchronous detector. In electronics, a synchronous detector is a device that recovers information from a modulated signal by mixing the signal with a replica of the unmodulated carrier.  This can be locally generated at the receiver using a phase-locked loop or other techniques. Synchronous detection preserves any phase information originally present in the modulating signal. With the exception of SECAM receivers, synchronous detection is a necessary component of any analog color television receiver, where it allows recovery of the phase information that conveys hue. Synchronous detectors are also found in some shortwave radio receivers used for audio signals, where they provide better performance on signals that may be affected by fading.

See also
 Lock-in amplifier

References

Electronic engineering
South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-160-056. The South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-160-056 was a historic truss bridge in rural Turner County, South Dakota, carrying 476th Avenue across the East Fork Vermillion River northeast of Parker. Built in 1905, it was one two surviving bridges built in the county by the J.A. Crane Company of Centerville, South Dakota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It was replaced by a modern steel beam bridge in about 2007.

Description and history
The South Dakota Department of Transportation Bridge No. 63-160-045 was located in northeastern Turner County, about  east of Parker and  north. It was a single-span Pratt through truss structure, carrying 476th Avenue across the East Branch of the Vermilion River. The trusses rested on rubblestone abutments, with concrete tops that had shorted right-angled wings. The trusses spanned , and consisted of steel members assembled with pin connections. Rolled I-beams riveted to the trusses by means of hanger plates provide support for stringers and bridge decking.

The bridge was built in 1905 by the J.A. Crane Company of Centerville, South Dakota. It was one of only two bridges known to be built by that company, both of which were located in Turner County. Crane bid on and built bridges in both Turner and Clay Counties, but is otherwise poorly documented. Locally manufactured metal truss bridges were relatively rare at the time, because bridge construction was dominated by out-of-state firms. Sometime between 2004 and 2007 the bridge, which was in deteriorating condition, was replaced by a modern steel girder bridge.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Turner County, South Dakota
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota

References

Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota
National Register of Historic Places in Turner County, South Dakota
Bridges completed in 1905
Transportation in Turner County, South Dakota
Buildings and structures in Turner County, South Dakota
1905 establishments in South Dakota
Electronics industry in East Germany. East Germany was one of the leading computer producers in the Eastern Bloc as purchases of higher technologies from the West were under various embargoes. A program of illegal purchases, copying and reverse engineering of Western examples was established, after which GDR sold these computers to COMECON countries. Under the rule of Erich Honecker, electronics, microelectronics and data processing industries grew at average 11.4% in the 1970s and 12.9% during the 1980s.

Structure in 1989
In the years just before German Reunification, the electronics industry was structured into business conglomerates called Kombinate (combine). Semiconductor manufacturing equipment was produced by Kombinat Carl Zeiss Jena. Using this equipment VEB Kombinat Elektronische Bauelemente Teltow manufactured passive electronic components and VEB Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt active electronic components. In turn, VEB Kombinat Robotron Dresden assembled these components into a range of computers. VEB Kombinat Rundfunk- und Fernsehtechnik Staßfurt produced consumer electronics such as radio receivers, cassette decks, and television sets while telecommunications equipment was provided by VEB Kombinat Nachrichtenelektronik Berlin. With the exception of Carl Zeiss and Robotron, most components and devices were sold under the common trademark RFT (from  Rundfunk- und Fernmelde-Technik).[de]

History
 
From 1977 the attempt to achieve a competitive edge in microchips against the research and development resources of the entire western world – in a state of just 16 million people – was perhaps always doomed to failure, but swallowed increasing amounts of internal resources and hard currency. GDR was some five to eight years behind the leading producers of USA and Japan. To produce one 64kb chip cost 40 marks, while in the West it cost 4.50 marks. To produce one 256kb chip cost 534 marks, while in the West it cost 5.00 to 7.00 marks.

Microelectronics industry in Eastern Germany began in 1961 when the "Arbeitsstelle für Molekularelektronik Dresden" (department of molecular electronics Dresden) was established in Dresden. Later it grew into "VEB Forschungszentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden".

The center of East German microchip industry was in Dresden, where research and production laboratories were located. Production equipment was built by Carl Zeiss Jena and "VEB Elektromat Dresden". The actual 13 mm x 5 mm U61000 microchip production was done by "VEB Forschungszentrum Mikroelektronik Dresden" and it was presented publicly in September 1988. In total some 50,000 U61000 microchips were produced  in early 1990 before the GDR dissolved together with its microchip industry. 
During the Cold War 3,500 people were employed in this microelectronics center.
After reunification Dresden formed the nucleus for the modern day largest unified German cluster in semiconductor technologies; Silicon Saxony, with 40,000 employees.

See also
 History of computer hardware in Eastern Bloc countries

References

East Germany
Economy of East Germany
Science and technology in East Germany
Iltan Line. The Ilt'an Line is an electrified  long railway line of the Korean State Railway in North Hamgyŏng Province, North Korea from Rodong on the P'yŏngra Line to Hwadae. The first  section, from Rodong to Ilt'an, was opened before 2003, and a  extension from Ilt'an to Hwadae was opened some time between 2010 and 2013.

Route 

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
FMA IA 36 Cóndor. The IA 36 Cóndor (English: Condor) was a projected Argentine jet propelled mid-range airliner, designed in the early 1950s by Kurt Tank for the “Fábrica Militar de Aviones”. It was cancelled in 1958, with no prototypes built, but a full size wood mockup.

Design and development 
Work on the IA 36 Cóndor project started in late 1951 by a team led by the German engineer Kurt Tank; as part of the project a 1:34 scale wind tunnel model was built, as well as a 1:1 scale wooden fuselage mock-up. The project was cancelled in 1958 by the government led by Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, which followed that of Juan Domingo Perón, deposed in 1955 by the now quite infamous Revolución Libertadora uprising.

The projected aircraft would have been powered by five Rolls-Royce "Nene II" turbojets arranged in an annular configuration around the rear fuselage, as in Messerschmitt P.1110 and Heinkel He 211; however it was planned to replace those with lighter and more powerful engines in later versions.

The engine configuration had many drawbacks. To start with, the engine compartment inlet: as air flows over the fuselage a boundary layer builds up due to friction with the fuselage surface. This boundary layer has less energy than the air in the airstream further away from the aircraft. Notice the location of aft engines on the Boeing 727, Douglas DC-9, BAC111 and Sud Aviation Caravelle. These aircraft all have the engines mounted outside the boundary layer as far as possible. The Condor's engines would have received much less ram air pressure at the inlet, because the inlet design brought in air close to the fuselage and far back, where the boundary layer would he near its maximum.
The engine location would have been a significant safety risk. If one engine caught fire there would be a greater likelihood of the other engines catching fire, and throwing a compressor or turbine blade would be more likely to affect the other engines.  Note the efforts of other designs to mount engines away from each other and the aircraft itself.

The design would have accommodated 32 to 40 passengers; the maximum speed was expected to be ; in comparison, the contemporary de Havilland Comet 3 maximum speed was . Like the Pulqui II fighter prototype, also designed by Tank, the IA 36 had swept wings which would have increased the aerodynamic efficiency. The wingspan was ; and the estimated range was .

Specifications

See also

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

 MilitariaArg website (accessed 2016-04-21)

FMA aircraft
Abandoned civil aircraft projects
Low-wing aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft
Five-engined jet aircraft
Kocham Tangwang Line. The Koch'am T'an'gwang Line, or Koch'am Colliery Line, is an electrified  long freight-only railway line of the Korean State Railway in North Hamgyŏng Province, North Korea, from Myŏngch'ŏn on the P'yŏngra Line to Sinmyŏngch'ŏn and the Myŏngch'ŏn Coal Complex.

History
The line was originally opened around 1937 by the Chosen Government Railway.

Route
A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.

References

Railway lines in North Korea
Standard gauge railways in North Korea
Biferrocene. Biferrocene is the organometallic compound with the formula [(C5H5)Fe(C5H4)]2.  It is the product of the formal dehydrocoupling of ferrocene, analogous the relationship between biphenyl and benzene. It is an orange, air-stable solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Biferrocene can be prepared by the Ullmann coupling of iodoferrocene.  Its one-electron oxidized derivative [(C5H5)Fe(C5H4)]2+ attracted attention as a prototypical mixed-valence compound.

A related compound is biferrocenylene, [Fe(C5H4)2]2 wherein all cyclopentadienyl rings are coupled.  Formally, biferrocene is derived from one fulvalene ligand, and biferrocenylene is derived from two.

Reactions 
Biferrocene can easily be converted into a mixed-valence complex, which is called biferrocenium.  This [Fe(II)-Fe(III)] cation is a class II type (0.707 > α > 0) mixed-valence complex according to the Robin-Day classification.

Derivatives
Aminophosphine ligands with biferroceno substituents have been prepared as catalysts for asymmetric allylic substitution and asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes.

Related compounds 
 Bis(fulvalene)diiron

References

Ferrocenes
Sandwich compounds
Cyclopentadienyl complexes
Nkenda–Fort Portal–Hoima High Voltage Power Line. The  Nkenda–Fort Portal–Hoima High Voltage Power Line is a high voltage electricity power line, in operation, connecting the high voltage substation at Nkenda, Kasese District, to another high voltage substation at Kabaale, Buseruka sub-county, Hoima District, all in the Western Region of Uganda.

Location
The 220 kilo Volt power line starts at the 220kV substation a Nkenda, in Kasese District, approximately , by road, north of Kasese, the district headquarters, and nearest large town. The line travels in a north-easterly direction, through Fort Portal, in Kabarole District, to end at Kabaale, in Buseruka sub-county, in Hoima District, a total distance of approximately .

Overview
This power line is planned to evacuate the power from a number of mini-hydro power projects in the Western Region districts of Bundibugyo, Bunyangabu, Kasese, Hoima and Masindi. It is also planned to evacuate power from the proposed Nzizi Thermal Power Station. The power that this power line evacuates is sold to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited and integrated into the national electric grid.

Construction
KEC International is the main contractor for this project. The supervising engineering company is "Ficthner Gmbh". The contract for construction of the associated substations was awarded to "Shan-dong Taikai Power Engineering Company Limited. The government of Norway donated US$54 million towards the completion of this project. In 2013, the Ugandan government borrowed US$23 million from the French Development Agency to finance this power line. Construction began in 2016, with completion in July 2018 and public commissioning on 14 August 2018.

See also
 Energy in Uganda
 List of power stations in Uganda

References

External links
Website of the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited
Six megawatts of power lying idle at Hoima plant As of 14 October 2013.

High-voltage transmission lines in Uganda
Energy infrastructure in Africa
Energy in Uganda
2018 establishments in Uganda
Admiralty Gunnery Establishment. The Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE), originally known as Fire Control Group (ARL) and later known as the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE), was an admiralty research department primarily responsible for Army and Navy gunfire control work between 1931 and 1959.

History
The Admiralty Gunnery Establishment (AGE) was originally formed as the Fire Control Group of the Admiralty Research Laboratory (ARL) at Teddington, Middlesex, England. The name "fire control" in Naval terminology is always applied to the control of gunfire. It was established as a separate establishment in 1943 under the control of the Director of Naval Ordnance. The AGE assumed responsibility for both Army and Navy fire control work . It remained at Teddington until 1954 when it moved to a new site on Portland Bill with new buildings and test facilities. In 1959 the Admiralty Gunnery Establishment and most of its functions were amalgamated with the Admiralty Signals and Radar Establishment (ASRE) to form the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE) that was located at Portsdown Hill the remaining functions were transferred to the  Armament Research and Development (ARDE) based at Fort Halstead, the North Downs.

The establishment was administered by the Superintendent Admiralty Gunnery Establishment.

Timeline
 Admiralty Research Laboratory, Fire Control Group, (1931–1943)
 Admiralty Gunnery Establishment, (1943–1959)
 Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE), Portsdown, Portsmouth (1959–1984)

References

External links

Admiralty departments
Admiralty during World War II
Royal Navy shore establishments
1931 establishments in the United Kingdom
1959 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Rajshahi Government Polytechnic Institute. Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute () is a government engineering institute located in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. It was established in 1963. It offers 4 years Diploma-in-Engineering courses under the Bangladesh Technical Education Board.

History 
Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute is an ancient government multipurpose engineering educational institute located in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. This polytechnic institute was established in 1963. This institute conducts 4 years Diploma-in-Engineering course under Bangladesh Technical Education Board.

In 1963, Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute was established at a cost of 18 lakh Takas on 15 acres of land at Sopura in Rajshahi for the purpose of Engineering education. Mr. Badrul Huda was appointed as the first principal.

Infrastructure
Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute campus is spread over a vast area with a total of 7 buildings. There are 2 hostels for boys and 1 hostel for girls.

Educational activities
Currently 4 years Diploma-in-Engineering course is running under Bangladesh Board of Technical Education. Besides technical education, there is a non-technical (NonTech) education department for teaching Bengali, English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Management, Social Science subjects for the essential development of every technology student. Students are taught in two shifts, morning and afternoon.

Admission procedure
Every year after the release of the SSC exam results, Bangladesh Directorate of Technical Education starts the online admission process in the government polytechnics of the country. Then the students are admitted based on the marks obtained in various subjects in the SSC examination. By filling the online admission form, students have the opportunity to choose various departments and polytechnics. Departments and institutes are selected on the basis of merit and preference. Thus every year 1440 students are admitted in Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute in the first and second shift by increasing the number of seats allotted in various departments from 960.

Academic programs
It offers four-year diplomas in the following areas: 
 Civil Engineering
 Electrical Engineering 
 Mechanical Engineering 
 Computer Science And Engineering (CSE)
 Electronics Engineering
 Power Engineering
 Electromedical Engineering
 Mechatronics Engineering

Gallery

References

External links 
Official site

Educational institutions established in 1963
Government polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh
1963 establishments in East Pakistan