omniomni/omni-engineering huggingface dataset:
List of orthopedic implants. An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone. The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. The biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based  and iron-based alloys, though recently zinc has also been investigated. Currently, the uses of bioresorbable metals are as fracture fixation implants Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants to repair a bone. During the surgery of broken bones through internal fixation the bone fragments are first reduced into their normal alignment then they are held together with the help of internal fixators such as plates, screws, nails, pins, and wires.

Eponymous implants and their uses
 Austin-Moore prosthesis for fracture of the neck of the femur
 Baksi's prosthesis for elbow replacement
 Charnley prosthesis for total hip replacement
 Condylar blade plate for condylar fractures of the femur
 Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture
 Grosse-Kempf nail  for tibial or femoral shaft fracture
 Hansson pin (or LIH for Lars Ingvar Hansson), a hook-pin used for fractures of the femoral neck
 Harrington rod for fixation of the spine
 Hartshill rectangle for fixation of the spine
 Insall Burstein prosthesis : for total knee replacement
 Richard N.W. Wohns interspinous implant and implantation instrument intended to be implanted between two adjacent dorsal spines
 Kirschner wire for fixation of small bones
 Kuntscher nail for fracture of the shaft of the femur
 Luque rod: for fixation of the spine
 Moore's pin for fracture of the neck of the femur
 Neer's prosthesis for shoulder replacement
 Rush nail for diaphyseal fractures of a long bone
 Smith-Petersen nail for fracture of the neck of femur
 Smith-Petersen nail with McLaughlin's plate for intertrochanteric fracture
 Seidel nail for fracture of the shaft of the humerus
 Souter's prosthesis for elbow replacement
 Steffee plate for fixation of the spine
 Steinmann pin for skeletal traction
 Swanson prosthesis for the replacement of joints of the fingers
 Talwalkar nail for fracture of radius and ulna
 Thompson prosthesis for fracture of the neck of the femur

Branded Systems

Image Gallery

Research progress
The discipline of orthopedic implants is constantly evolving as new biomaterials become available. An important consideration in this respect is that the health status of the patient influences the optimal choice of the material to be implanten. For instance it was shown that patients with steatotic liver disease benefit from nanohydroxyapatite-coated (nHA) titanium surfaces, whereas this is not necessary for patients without fatty liver disease. A surface engineering method was developed for biodegradable magnesium alloys to enhance orthopedic implants.

See also
 CNT Bio-Stress Sensors

References

 

Orthopedic implants
Orthopedic implants
List
Sport Performance Aviation Panther. The Sport Performance Aviation Panther is a single seat, all-metal, homebuilt aircraft under development by Sport Performance Aviation of Green Cove Springs, Florida. The aircraft is intended to be supplied as plans and as a kit for amateur construction.

Design
The Panther is a single seat, low wing aircraft, built of aluminum with a bubble canopy. The forward fuselage is constructed from welded 4130 steel tubing, with the aft fuselage, tail and wings made from 2024-T3 aluminum sheet. The landing gear can be assembled in either tricycle or conventional gear arrangements. The wings are designed to be folded for storage or ground transport. The design can accept engines from .

Variants
Two variants are available, a Light Sport and a standard category.

Panther Sport
 wing span, Engines from 100-160hp with a  gross weight,  of fuel.

Panther LSA
 wing span, Engine options from 100-130hp,   of fuel. Meets performance requirements for the US light-sport aircraft category.

Specifications (Panther LSA)

See also

References

External links
 

Homebuilt aircraft
Siebert Sie-3. The Siebert Sie-3 is a single-seat Standard class glider designed and produced in Germany in the 1960s for club use.

Design and development
Through the 1960s Paul Siebert's company had built Kaiser Ka 6 gliders under licence.  Anticipating the end of this agreement, they began to design a successor with a relatively low cost and simple wooden structure but with performance enhanced by a more modern Wortmann wing profile.  The outcome was the Sie 3, which first flew in September 1968.

The Sie-3 has a wooden structure and is largely plywood covered.  The high set single spar wings have the same aerodynamic profile throughout, with an unswept centre section of parallel chord and constant thickness over 60% of the span and strongly straight tapered panels outboard.  There are aluminium Schempp-Hirth airbrakes near mid-chord on the outer centre section, just behind the spar, and ailerons on the outer panels.  The only fabric covering on the wing is over the centre section aft of the spar.

The fuselage is a ply covered semi-monocoque with a short glass fibre nose fairing; aft of the wing it gently tapers towards the tail. The single piece canopy blends into the fuselage profile. The narrow chord swept fin is an integral ply covered part of the fuselage carrying a broad, fabric covered rudder with a near vertical trailing edge that extends to the fuselage keel.  A straight tapered, largely fabric covered all moving tailplane with a cut-out for rudder movement is mounted at the base of the fin.  The Sie 3 lands on a monowheel well embedded within the fuselage, aided by a sprung tailskid.

The Sie-3 flew for the first time in September 1968, piloted by its designer.  Its performance was similar to contemporary wooden gliders.

Operational history
Siebert manufactured 27 Sie 3s in the four years after it received type approval in January 1972. Some were built by amateurs from kits. In 2010 twelve remained on the civil registers of European countries, seven in Germany, two in Denmark and one each in the Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal. In addition, there is one in the United States.

Specifications

References

1960s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1968
Oak Ridge nuclear facility. Oak Ridge nuclear facility may refer to one of several active or historical U.S. federal government facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, including:

Clinton Engineer Works, the complex of production facilities at Oak Ridge during the World War II Manhattan Project, superseded by the following:
K-25/K-27, facility for uranium enrichment by gaseous diffusion during World War II and for many years thereafter
S-50, conducted uranium enrichment by thermal diffusion during the Manhattan Project
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy multipurpose national laboratory and the site of several active and historical nuclear energy projects
X-10 Graphite Reactor, on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory campus, built during World War II and the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation
Y-12 National Security Complex, conducted uranium enrichment during World War II, more recently used for nuclear weapons production and management of highly enriched uranium
NHK Twinscam. The NHK Twinscam is a digital-optical-mechanical video camera system designed by the Japanese broadcaster NHK for covering aquatic sports events. It uses digital image processing technology to combine video from two synchronized motion-controlled cameras, one above water and one underwater, in real time, to create the illusion of a view from a single camera that can look through air and water at once as if they had the same refractive index.

It was used at the 2012 London Olympics to televise the synchronized swimming events. It has been used for the same purpose in Japan since 2010.

References

External links 
 NHK press release regarding the NHK Twinscam

Film and video technology
Sports television technology
Cameras introduced in 2010
2012 Summer Olympics
NHK
Norman Aviation Nordic 8 Mini Explorer. The Norman Aviation Nordic 8 Mini Explorer is a Canadian ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Norman Aviation of Saint-Anselme, Quebec. The aircraft is supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Mini Explorer was derived from the larger Hubert de Chevigny designed Personal Explorer, adapted to Canadian Advanced Ultralight rules. It features a strut-braced high-wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration. The Mini Explorer is intended as a flying camper and so includes sufficient cabin space with couches for two adults to sleep and a kitchen. Due to the emphasis on fuselage volume the Mini Explorer is not a fast aircraft for its fitted power, with a cruise speed of about .

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded steel tubing, with wooden structure wings and all surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric. Its  span wing has an area of  and no flaps. The cabin width is . Standard engines fitted are the  Rotax 912UL, the  Rotax 912ULS and the  Rotax 914 four-stroke turbocharged powerplant. Construction time from the supplied kit is estimated as 500 hours.

Operational history
In December 2011 the company reported four examples had been completed. In February 2018 there were three Mini-Explorers on the Transport Canada Canadian Civil Aircraft Register, including the prototype.

Specifications (Mini Explorer)

References

External links

2000s Canadian ultralight aircraft
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Joachim Kempin. Joachim Kempin (born in 1942) is a German-born businessman and retired Senior Vice President of Microsoft Corporation. He ran Microsoft's division selling operating software to PC manufacturers for 15 years. He is also the author of Resolve and Fortitude: Microsoft's "Secret Power Broker" Breaks His Silence.

Early career 
In 1972, he joined Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in Munich, Germany as an instructor to teach computer programming classes to customers. He later ran DEC's training center in Munich, and became a marketing manager in DEC's training division headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts. After a short spell at National Semiconductors, he joined Apple's team in Paris as European marketing manager. He later joined a new software company called Microsoft and accepted a General Manager position for its newly found German subsidiary.

Microsoft 
Upon joining, he moved through the still small company and was promoted to run Microsoft's division dealing with PC manufacturers. Headquartered near Seattle, Washington, he soon belonged to Microsoft's executive team and was promoted to Senior Vice President of Microsoft in 1990. In his job he developed relationships with Microsoft's PC manufacturers and operating software distribution partners worldwide. Journalists called him "Microsoft's Secret Power Broker"  and Bill Gates' "Enforcer"  who was "wielding Microsoft’s pricing sword".   He described part of his job as "hitting the OEMs hard... with anti-Linux" The Department of Justice took an interest in how he ran his portion of Microsoft, and he wound up as a witness to defend the company's business practices during the 1998–2002 Microsoft antitrust trial. He retired in 2002 from the company and joined several boards as a business advisor, including the National Bureau of Asian Research.

Author 
In January, 2013, Joachim Kempin released a controversial tell-all book about his time in Microsoft. It has received media attention, and Kempin has been outspoken in the press criticizing Microsoft's current leadership. In a Reuters interview with Bill Rigby, Kempin said, "Microsoft's board is a lame duck board, has been forever. They hire people to help them administer the company, but not to lead the company. That's the problem".

Kempin's book release has gotten him television interviews on Bloomberg TV  and Fox Business.

References

Businesspeople from Munich
Microsoft people
1942 births
Living people
National Bureau of Asian Research
Canal Solar Power Project. The Canal Solar Power Project is a solar canal project launched in Gujarat, India, to use the  long network of Narmada canals across the state for setting up solar panels to generate electricity. It was the first ever such project in India. This project has been commissioned by SunEdison India.

Inauguration of pilot project
Narendra Modi, then Chief Minister of Gujarat, inaugurated a 1 Megawatt (MW) pilot project on 24 April 2012. The project is situated on the Narmada branch canal near Chandrasan village of Kadi taluka in Mehsana district.

The pilot project will generate 1 MW of clean energy and also prevent evaporation of  of water annually from the canal. The project virtually eliminates the requirement to acquire vast tracts of land and limits evaporation of water from the  long canal. tackling two challenges simultaneously by providing energy and water security.

Engineering and construction
The engineering, procurement and construction contract for the project was awarded to SunEdison at a cost of . The pilot project was developed on a 750-meter stretch of the canal by Gujarat State Electricity Corporation (GSECL) with support from Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd. (SSNNL), which owns and maintains the canal network.

The cost per megawatt of solar power, in this case, was much less than regular solar power plants, as the two banks of the canal will be used to cover the canal by installing solar power panel and the government did not have to spend much on creating basic infrastructure, including land acquisition .

Gujarat has about  of open main canal, while the total canal length, including sub-branches, is about  at present. When completed, the SSNNL's canal network will be about  long.

Assuming a utilization of only 10% of the existing canal network of , it is estimated that 2,200 MW of solar power generating capacity can be installed by covering the canals with solar panels.

This also implies that  of land can be potentially conserved along with about 20 billion liters of water saved per year.

Praise for the project
Then Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy Farooq Abdullah praised Gujarat's Canal Solar Power Project saying,

Abdullah said Damodar Valley Corporation, which has over  of canals, will follow Gujarat's lead and mount solar panels that can generate up to 1,000 MW.

See also 

 Electricity sector in India
 Renewable energy in India
 Gujarat Solar Park
 Sakri PV solar energy project
 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
 Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park

References

External links
 Narendra Modi world’s first canal-top solar plant in Gujarat
 Solar PV Project on Narmada Canal in Gujarat to be inaugurated soon by Narendra Modi

Photovoltaic power stations in India
Solar power stations in Gujarat
2012 establishments in Gujarat
Modular vehicle. A modular vehicle is one in which substantial components of the vehicle are interchangeable. This modularity is intended to make repairs and maintenance easier, or to allow the vehicle to be reconfigured to suit different functions.

Another application of modular vehicle design is to enable the exchange of batteries in an electric vehicle.

In a modular electric vehicle, the power system, wheels and suspension can be contained in a single module or chassis. When the batteries need recharging, the vehicle's body is lifted off and placed onto a fresh power module. By using this Modular Vehicle system, the vehicle's batteries do not have to be removed or reinstalled, and their connections remain intact.

History of the modern modular vehicle

The world's first road-licensed quick-change modular electric vehicle, based on a patent awarded to Dr Gordon E Dower in 2000, was shown at the World Electric Vehicle Association 2003 Electric Vehicle Symposium EVS-20 in Long Beach, California, USA.

Dower described the vehicle's two parts as its motorized deck, shortened to Modek, and its "containing module" or Ridon. When attached to each other, the vehicle thus formed was dubbed the Ridek. Mechanical connections between the modules for braking and steering automatically engage when the body is lowered on to the chassis.
 
In 2004, General Motors attempted to patent a modular vehicle called Autonomy, but the attempt was unsuccessful because Dower’s patent already existed. 

A team at GM did, however, continue to work on Autonomy, which was intended to be powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. They unveiled a non-drivable version of their modular vehicle in January 2002 at the Detroit Auto Show. GM unveiled a drivable prototype, called Hy-wire at the Paris Auto Show in September, 2002. The name referred to the Hydrogen fuel and the "Drive by wire" system that electronically connected the vehicle modules for steering, braking and controlling the 4 wheel motors. Hy-wire did not go into production.

In the 2010s, a number of modular platforms were developed by car manufacturers. Geely Auto developed the Compact Modular Architecture platform (2017), B-segment Modular Architecture platform (2018), and Sustainable Experience Architecture platform (2021). PSA Group and Dongfeng developed the Common Modular Platform (2018)

Flexibility

Modular vehicles make it possible to use different types of bodies, e.g. sedan, sports car or pickup truck, on one standardized chassis.

Also, the modular chassis, with its batteries and motor, are relatively easy to work on, since there is no vehicle body to impede access.

See also
 Electric vehicles
 Modular design
 Rolling chassis
 Skateboard (automotive platform)

References

External links
 Chernoff, Adrian B: Hy-wire webpage
 2018 article on various modular concept vehicles

Automotive styling features
Automotive technologies
Automotive engineering
Electric vehicle technologies
Modular design
Industrial Emissions Directive. The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) (Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)) is a European Union directive which commits European Union member states to control and reduce the impact of industrial emissions on the environment. The directive aims to lower emissions from industrial production through an integrated approach. The directive uses a polluter pays to assign the cost of the updates to the plant. The plan to lower emissions is based on Best available technology to help reach the goals of the directive. The plan allows for flexibility given the best available technology; exemptions to the directive can be granted to firms as well if the cost is greater than the benefit. This directive has been amended with EU Directive 2024/1785.

Rationale
The European Commission undertook a 2-year review with all stakeholders to examine how the legislation on industrial emissions could be improved to offer a high level of protection for the environment and human health while simplifying the existing legislation and cutting unnecessary administrative costs. Throughout Europe there is high acceptance that industrial emissions are the leading cause of pollution in Europe. As well there is high support for a system where the polluter will pay under a Polluter pays principle.

The IED is intended to provide significant improvement on the interaction between the previous seven directives (including the Waste Incineration Directive) which it replaces. It also strengthens, in several instances, some provisions in previous directives, for example the Large Combustion Plant Directive.

Exemptions
Certain firms are allowed to apply for exemptions when the cost of the best available technology is higher than the benefit. They will be evaluated using Cost–benefit analysis to decide if an exemption will be granted to the firm. Bulgaria is currently seeking an exemption for their whole fleet of coal fired power plants.

Criticism 
The exemptions have allowed for a large amount of Europe's power plants to exceed the set standards. There is concern that if the exemptions were removed some plants will be forced to shut down due to the increased cost associated with the best available technology. The passing of stricter laws now makes it harder for some plants to receive an exemption from the directive.

References

External links
European Commission – Industrial Emissions
European IPPC Bureau Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference documents
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (England and Wales) – Implementation of the Directive
Ministry of Environment and Urbanism of Turkey, EU Project to implement Chapters 1 and 2 of the Directive, explanations in Turkish and English

Environmental law in the European Union
European Union directives
Pollution
Horikawa H-23. The Horikawa H-23B-2 is a two-seat training glider designed and built in Japan in the 1950s. It was produced in small numbers.

Design and development

The Horikawa H-23B-2 is a more advanced trainer than the same designer's H-22B-3.  Ikuo Horikawa was a director of the Hagiwara Glider Company which built both types.  It is a high braced wing monoplane, with a pair of V-form struts supporting the wing on both sides. The wing is a two spar structure, covered with a mixture of plywood and fabric. It is tapered and has 1° 20' of dihedral.  There are wooden, fabric covered ailerons and spoilers on the upper surface.

The H-23B-2 has a steel tube framed, fabric covered, polygonal section fuselage. Its two-seat tandem cockpit is enclosed, the top of the canopy blending into the wing leading edge.  Aft, the fuselage is built up to the trailing edge but tapers away rearward.  The tail unit has cantilever, straight edged, fabric covered wooden structured surfaces with the horizontal tail on top of the fuselage and placed well forward of the rudder. The undercarriage is a fixed monowheel, assisted by a rubber sprung skid under the nacelle and a tail skid.

The first flight was made on 10 September 1956; at least eight were produced.

Specifications

See also

Notes

References

External links
Göttingen 532 airfoil
Göttingen 676 airfoil

1950s Japanese aircraft
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1956
Paradise P1 LSA. The Paradise P1 LSA is a Brazilian light-sport aircraft, designed and produced by Paradise Aircraft of Feira de Santana and introduced in 2008. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly aircraft.

Design and development
The P1 was designed to comply with the US light-sport aircraft rules and was accepted as a factory-built special light-sport aircraft in 2009. It features a strut-braced high wing, a two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit, fixed tricycle landing gear and a single engine in tractor configuration.

The aircraft is made from welded steel tubing covered in aluminum sheet. Its  span wing has an area of  and flaps. The standard engine is the  Rotax 912ULS four-stroke powerplant. The cockpit is  wide.

Originally a production line was set up in the United States, in Sebring, Florida, but this was later closed and in 2015 the company was noted as having no US presence or representation, although production continued in Brazil.

In 2008 the design was accepted as a Federal Aviation Administration approved special light-sport aircraft.

Operational history
In April 2016, there were twelve P-1s registered in the United States with the US Federal Aviation Administration.

Specifications (P1)

References

External links

2000s Brazilian ultralight aircraft
Light-sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft